IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

{./

.V4fc

r/.

i/.

II I.I

il.25

1^ 12.2
2.0

III

1.8

U lllll 1.6

^^^'?

^ <^^.^*

'•^

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN S f^SET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 872-4S03

•sj

'"b^

.-^%,V^.

1/2

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significtmtly r;hange
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

I I Covers damaged/

Couverture endommagee

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaur6e et/ou pellicul6e

Cover title missing/
Le titre de couve

I I Coloured maps/

I I Le titre de couverture manque

Coloured maps/

Cartes gdographiques en couleur

n^„°

Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
ere de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/

Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/

La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge intldrieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela dtait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 filmdes.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppl^mentaires:

L'Institut a microfilmd le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6x6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exi^er une
modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage
sont indiquds ci-dessous.

□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

rrif Pages damaged/
LJIJ Pages endommagdes

□ Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul^es

I l/Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
L\J Pages d6color6es, tachetdes ou piqu^es

Tl
tc

P'
o<
fi

O
b(
th
si

fii
si

□ Pages detached/
Pages d6tach6es

I T Showthrough/
L^ Transparence

□ Quality of print varies/
Quality in6gale de ('impression

Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du materiel supplementaire

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Tl
s»
Tl
w

M
di
er
bi

ri\
re
m

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6t^ filmdes d nouveau de fapon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous.

10X 14X 18X 22X

26X

30X

12X

16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

Th« copy filmed h«r« has b««n r«produc«d thanks
to tha ganarosity of:

Library Division

Provincial Archives of British Columbia

L'axamplaira filmA fut raproduit grAca A la
gAnArositA da:

Library Division

Provincial Archives of British Columbia

Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality
possibia considaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract spacifications.

Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad
beginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impres-
sion, or tha back covar whan appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first paga with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and anding on the last page with a printad
or illustratad impression.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Lea images suivantas ont 4t* reproduites avac la
plus grand soin. compta tenu de la condition at
da la nattet* de I'exemplaira film«, et en
conformity avac las conditions du contrat de
filmaga.

Les exempiaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimAe sont film*s en commenpant
par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la
darniAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par la second
plat, salon la cas. Tous les autres exempiaires
originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par
la derniAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra suir !a
darnidre image de cheque microfiche, seton le
cas: la symbols — b" signifie "A SUIVRE ", le
symbols V signifie "FIN".

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent «tre
filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clich«, il est film* A partir
de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche A droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ntcessaira. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la mAthode.

4 ,'«<,

^ii.^

-*^'

ii.liiTivJuiiiillii-i'iWMmnOM

i' i

■T/--u-zA^ JXW^ J^-T^— --u^

^■s^'

THE

STRUGGLES

FOR

LIFE AND HOME'

IN TUK

North -West.

BY A PIONEER HOMEBUILDER.

LIFE, 1865-1889.

Gko. W. Kranck.

^•>-

NEW YORK:
I. GoLDMANN, Steam Printer, 7, 9 & i i New Chambers St. ®.j\

1890.

--^®

r& COPVRIOMT, 1890, B r GEO. W. FRANCE

'w ~ Cfg3 "

■^

PREFACE.

I do not claim for this book auy literary merit, except that
borrowed or quoted from others, for, wlieu Cushiuf;; could
mark 5000 mistakes iu Webster's Unabrid{^ed Dictionary (say-
ing that for the size of the book it had as icw errors as could
be expected), and when newspaper and otlier writers have to
browse so largely from the genius an*' abor of ot1u>is, that
editorials are frequently copied bodily as their own (so that it
is *)ilc;n difficult to know who produced sorr ) ]nbce of intellect-
ual work and the gems of ge.-.ius that they print), it would
therefore be presumptuous for an unlettered homebuilder on
the border, alone to attem})t anything very tine and glittering
in l)uilding his book ; and though the most practical, valuable
and »ixpeusive education in the world is that gotten by struggling
hard and long against fiends and fate, for life, liberty and home,
such a life permits of no leisure or condition of the mind for
the culture of any of its latent literary genius.

While the mere kid-gloved hired critic will smile over the
stacks of humbug effusions of his professional brethren, he will
sneer at this ill-favored thing ; and ring-black-legs will detest
it, as they do truth itself and equality before the law. But
when my case was so cruelly lied about and I was so persistently
and corruptly held in a secret bastile to be tortured, looted and
maligned, (as I found it to be the case with others also), and
was always denied any hearing, or defense, or trial, I was left
no alternative by the mongrel gang, but was forced to write my
life, and theirs also —wherein it imperils the life, liberty and
homes of the people.

(8)

:^r.r.R5

Pr:Cific N. W. Hi?.tory Dopt.

PROViNCIAL- LIBRARY
VICTORIA, B. C.

Preface.

As to its truth, every point and assertion of mine is (in one
place and another) shown to be so very evidently and jwsltively
true, that none but brazen members or tools of the black con-
spiracy will ever question it.

In the language of Josephus : " Some apply themselves to
this part of learning to show their great skill in composition,
and that the}' may therein acquire a reputation for speaking
finely ; others there are who of necessity and by force are
driven to write history, because they were concerned in the
facts, and so cannot excuse themselves from committing them
to writing for the advantage of posterity. Nay, there are not
a few who are induced to draw their historical facts out of
darkness into light, and to produce them for the benefit of the
public, on account of the great importance of the facts them-
selves with which they have been concei*ned .... I was forced
to give the history of it because I saw that others perverted
the truth of those actions in their writings. However, I will
not go to the other extreme out of opposition to those men who
extol the oppressors, nor will I determine to raise the actions
of my own too high ; but I will prosecute the actions of both
parties with accuracy. Yet shall I suit my language to the
passions I am under, as to the affairs I describe, and must be
allowed to indulge in some lamentations upon the miseries
undergone by my own

"But if any one makes an unjust accusation against me
when I speak so passionately about the tyrants, or the robbers,
or sorely bewail the misfortune of our counti'y, let him indulge
my aflfections herein .... Because it had come to pass, that we
had arrived at a higher degree of felicity than others, and yet
at last fell into the sorest calamities again .... But if any one
be inflexible in his censures of me, let him attribute the facts
themselves to the historical part, and the lamentations to the
writer himself only .... And I have written it down for the sake

Preface. 5

of those that love truth, but not for those that please them-
selves with fictitious relations."

"Yes, I have lost the loved, the dear!

Yes, I have wept the bitter tear !

Have passed misfortune's darkest hoiir —

Have known and felt the Tempter's power —

Have bowed to scorn, unloved, alone.

Longing for Friendship's cheering tone !

Unhappiness ! I know thee, then —

So can I help my fellow-men ! — Public Opinion.

G, W. F.

"If all the scoundrels who now bask in the smiles of San Francisco
society were to receive tbcii* just deserts for tlieir iufjimous deeds, the
accommodations at San Quentin and Folsom would be entirely too re-
stricted.

We have before taken occasion to define the ci'ime of ''personal jour-
nalism." It is never perpetrated except against a r'ch scoundrel. A
journal may with perfect safety hcild up to scorn tlie actions of water
front bummers, or the despised hoodlum. Turn to youi paper any
morning and evening and see how oftfn crime in low places is exposed
and made odious in a hundred different ways. Does any one suppose
that distinguished lawyers would l)e found to rail at the practice so long
as it was confined within these limits? Bah! The inquiry excites a smile
of derision. Any Tom, Dick or Harry in the city might be mentioned,
and columns of contempt and derision hurled at them without a i)rote8t
being raised. But, as we have said before, let a man with a million or
two of money commit the most unpardonable outrages, ami be referred
to ever so gently, and the pick start out in full cry yelping "personal
journalism. "

Without perso7ial journalism vice and roguery would be sure to get
the ttpper hand in modern times. Personal journalism is the b Jwark
reared against its encroachment. Personal journalism is only another
term for the "rascal's scourge," It will be a sorry day for society if the
assassin's pistol or tlie rich man's coin ever prove effective enough to stop
the hand engaged in the work of making crime odious by jjointing out to
the public their enemies. Crime cannot be checked with a parable. Its
perpetrators mubt be held up to jjublic scorn."

Snn FVancisco "Chronicle."

'lUJWPlwr .""S"

n i

i"JVALLA JFaLLA, JVasJn'mjton,
i Nov. 2rjfh, 1880.

TO WHO 31 IT MAY CONCERN:-

"I have been personally acquainted ivifh 3Ir. Geo. W. France
for many years, and knoiv his ymeral repuiation and standing in
this State to be good, and xohile it is true that he loas at one time
convicted of murder in the second degree, it is noio generally believed
that he committed the homicide in necessary self-defence, and is
innocent of any crime ivhalever. I take pleasure in bear-
ing testimony to his uniform good character, both l^f ore and since
this unfortunate occurrence, as an honest, ujwight, orderly and
laiv-abiding citizen.

THOS. H. BRENTS."

[Representative in Congress for two terms from Washington Ten i:o,v •

(r)

LIST OK ILLUSTRATIONS.

Frontispiece.

Author's Portrait

Oil Works - - . . .

View of Salt Lake City, Utah

The Mormox Temple, Etc. - . . . .

Pyramid Lake, Utah - - . . .

Los Angeles, Cal., from the Hill

Mexican Herder ......

Main Street from Temple Block, Los Angeles -
Chinese Quarter, Interior op Chinese Temple

(Josh House), Los Angeles
Tropical Plants and Historical Buildings
Pi-Ute Indian Camp, Nevada ....

A Canyon ---....

Shoshore Falls, Snake River, Idaho, 2G0 Feet High
"I Hauled Wood and Rails prom the Blue Mountains"
Making Clapboards .....

Multnoma Falls, Columbia River, Oregon

My First Outfit --....

My First House ......

Land Office Receipt .....

United States Land Patent ....

An Indian Village - - - . .

An Indian Massacre .....

Sc>'^c>OL T^ND Lease - .

Sci-Ov>L I4AND Receipt - . . . .

Defending My Life and Home - . . .

The Seatco Bastile ....

A Sick Prisoner ---...

Prisoners at the Bastile Going to Work— Drunken
Guard --....

Penalty for Exposing the Tortures of the Secret
Bastile ......

City of Sitka, Alaska - - . . .

PAQE.

29
43
49
59
67
69
71

73
75
79
101
103
113
117
125
131
139
144
149
157
179
21G
217

249
271

277

283
459

ifi^

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
Striking out from home when a boy. — My object. — Ho ! For
the Oil Regions in Pennsylvania.— My Chum. — Great Excitement.
—Oil City flooded.— "Coal Oil Johnny."— Tools, etc., used in bor-
ing for oil. — All about finding oil. — And wha* the oil is. — My ex-
perience for about a year.

CHAPTER n.
Leaving the Oil Regions for a good time "OiitWest." — A
period of travel, etc., of four-and-a-half months to the ^lissouri
River — Then crossing the plains to Salt Lake Avith wagon train
in 60 days. — Our train, etc.; my team, etc.; first camp in a storm.
— Fording the Platte river with its quicksand bottom ; big teams,
etc. My first drink ; delusion in distance; game, etc. — Freighting;
life and government on the plains. — A comprehensive account of
the region from the Missoiu-i River to Salt Lake Valley.

CHAPTER in.

Salt Lake City and Valley. — Salt Lake ; climate and bathing.
— Remained a month. — Then made a trip of a month on the i)lains.
Caught in a blizzard. — Sixty-two frozen mules for breakfa.st, Oct.
14th. — A rough tramp in the snow, 180 miles back to Salt Lake.
— Dreaming of home. — As to the hardships of trains snow-bound
in the mountains. - Work for a Mormon dignitary. — The "Mighty
Host of Zion." — How they whipped Johnson's U. S. Army in 18G1,
etc., etc. — Mountain Meadow massacre, etc., etc. — Leave Salt Lake
on horse-back for St. (fcorge, JJ.'jO miles south; takes a month.
— Mormon farms and villages ; their system of settlement, etc. —
Climate, soil, mountains, etc. — A month in St. George as "Dodge's
Clerk." — On an Indian raid. — Made a trip to the extreme southern
settlements. — What for?— Cotton country.— Mountain of rock
salt.— A true, comprehensive descrij)tion of the Mormons; how
they live and deal with each other and with Gentiles; their
religion and government; as they really are in practice; their

virtues, crimes and danger.

(11)

•>*■

Contents.

CHAPTER IV.

Travelers I met in Utah.— Leave Utah for the Los Angeles,
Cal., country.— The company I travel with. — Danites.— The In-
dians on the road. — A Mormon "miracle." — Indian dialect. — Sand
storm. A mine in the desert.— The region from St. George to
California. — Arizona. — San Bernai'dino, Los Angeles, and that
country. — Climate, soil, people and business in 1867 and 1884. —
Land, titles, etc.

CHAPTER V.

Leave Los Angeles for a new mining camp in Nevada.— The
stock of a train captured by Indians.— "Death Valley." — Eighty-
seven families, stock, etc., perish. — The surrounding region and
its products. — How teamsters are revenged. — Comprehensive des-
cription of the mining camp, etc. — Hun-ah ! Hurrah ! ! We have
struck it, HuiTah! ! ! — A big Indian. — How Mining Go's, officials
steal.— Indian and white man hung, etc. — The mode of govern-
ment and trial; wages, living, business, etc. — The geological
forinatiou of mineral lodes, veins, fissures, etc., and placer mines.
Prospecting for and locating claims.— The right time to sell, etc.
— Why mines are guarded with rifles. — How stock companies
operate. — Why newspaper accounts of mines are not reliable. —
The real prices paid for mines. - How stock, etc., is made to sell.
— One-and-a-half year's experience.

^ CHAPTER VI.

The mines, continued. — Exciting reports from a distant moun-
tain. — I outfit one of a party to go. —What he wrote me. — " Ho !
for White Pine! " — The richest silver mine ever discovered. — The
pure stuff. — I go, too. — Visit another camp on the way. —My horse
and saddle " borrowed." - A big camp ablaze with excitement. —
Belief that the stuff could be found anywhere by digging. — The
many thousand "mines." — "Brilliant schemes." Blubbering in-
vestors from the States. — Life : gambling, drinking, business and
damnation. — Making big sales, etc.; the outcome. — Another year
and a half of lively practical experience in the mines. — The many
smaller camps in the surrounding region. — Virginia City and Gold
Hill — The great Comstock lode. — The iionanza and other great
stock gambling mines that we read of.

Contents.

CHAPTER YII.
Building the U. P. and Contral railroads. —A general rugged
prosjieeting tour of seven months in Nevada, Idaho and Montana.
— On to Washington Territory. - The country, eliniate, soil,
scenery, fishing, hunting, incidents, etc., etc. — Finding the true
source of the fine gold in the Snake and Columbia rivers. — The
more famous of the Idaho Placer mines.

CHAPTER VIII.
A comprehensive desci'iption of the Walla Walla country;
soil, climate and productions and the lay of the land. -Hire out on
a farm for two months.— The secret of success and failure in
government and coi-poration contracts. — Secret intrigue at military
posts, etc. — Experience in work in the mountains. — Locate a land
claim and get married — A year's experience.

CHAPTER IX.
Brief description of Eastern and Western Washington and of
the various sections in each ; their industries and inducements,
advantages and disadvantages.

CHAPTER X.
History of the settling of the Walla Walla country. — Report
of government experts as to the soil. — Packing to the mines of
Idaho, etc. — The market and opportunities. — The outlook in 1870
when I landed there. — The country grasped by its throat; the
government prostituted. — 1000 miles of river na^^gation to the
sea strangled, and the tribute that was levied. — The result. — The
promised railroad, etc. — First land claim I located. — Life in the
beginning of a home ; dangers and draw-backs. — My first outfit. —
Sell my claim ; hunt for and locate another in a new wild section;
description of it and the locality. — My Indian neighbors; how
they treated the fii'st white men they ever saw.— A homebuildei''s
land rights and what he must necessarily endure in carving a
home in a wilderness. —Warned of the perplexities, conspiracnes
and treason to be jilanted in the way. — How we started out to
build a good and spacious home; our first house, etc. — Travelling,
moving and camping in the west.— 25 miles to blacksmith's shop,

CONTENIU

etc. — Thf " Egypt" for supplies. — Land daims located about us
and ab.uidoned, are re-located by others time and a<.jain. — My first
crop; big, bhujk, hungry crickets, one hundred bushels to tlio
acre. — So that we are left alone in the " Prance Settlement." — The
section surveyed and I " file my claim."— Kaiso hogs; the result;
also got a band of cattle; experience on the range. -Getting i-oads
opened, etc. — First railroad in Eastern Washington. - Struggling
for a livelihood ami home ; how I managed. — Other new S(;ttle-
nients and people; how they done. — "Land hunters." — "Prove
up"; pay for and get patent for pre-emption claim and take a
homestead claim adjoining. — Copy of United States patent. — How
we just loped along n dl ahead i '' the country. — It settles uj». —
New county; towns, etc., built; settlers swindled; build school
house, etc., etc.

CHAPTER XL

An Indian war. — Neighboring Indians go on the warpath ; the
reason. - Description of their domain; their horses and cattle. —
A job on Uncle Sam. — How they plead for their country. — "Earth
governed by the sun," etc. — Whom they killed. — How they marched
and fought. — Settlers either stampede or gather in fortresses. —
Effort.- made by men to have other tribes break out. — For plunder.
— What an Indian must do to become a citizen. — How Indian
claims are jumped. — What the Indian was before the advent of
the Whites. — Their government, pursuits, etc. — What fire-arms
and whiskey done for tlieni. — How they started fire, lived and
died ; their religion. — How to improve the Indian. — "A cry ot the
soul."

CHAPTER XII.

—Joseph. — White Bird. — Looking

glass

Indiaus, continued.
and Indians generally. — The White Bird fight. — These Indians in
early days ; their flocks, herds and fine farms. — The result of the
war to the Indians. — "Cold-blooded treachery." — How Chief
Joseph treated white prisoners. — " The glory of the West." — Col.
Steptoe's defeat. — "For God's sake, give me something to kill my-
self with." — The others saved by other Indians. — An Ingrate. —
Col. Wright's victory ; G20 horses butchered. — How Wright treated
Indian prisoners. — "The Chief Moses outrage." — "Mystery."
—$70,000,000 squandered by the gang.

Contents.

CHAPTER XIII.

Imliaus, concluded. — " Tho Waiilatpu massacre.— Tho thrilling
story of oae who, as a girl, was an eye witness, and then taken
away as a prisoner. — Forelxxlings (»f tho nnirderous outbreak.
— Friendly warnings given. — Tho dying hours of Dr. and Jlrs.
Whitman." — Mission life among tho Indians. — As the Indians
were in 1852; and then in 1S56. — Death of Chief Kanaskat. — How
Indians are preserved. — How "eivili/ation'' was introduced to tho
natives of South and Central America.

CHAPTER XIV.

Homo biiilding narrative resumed, — Improve homestead claim
as I had the other. — Tho nuvrket, etc.— My herds of cattle, horses,
hogs, etc. — Great ])ro.sperity. — Railroads built from tide water;
freights, etc. — Immigration.— Further enlargement (»f my homo
and business by leasing, fencing and breaking a quarter section of
school land. — Copy of tho lease and receipt for second year's pay-
ment on the same. — Tho law and custom as to it. — Confirmed by
Congress. — Servo as county road viewer and on first grand jury
of Columbia County, and learn something. —Road supervisor of a
twenty-milo aistrict.— A review, and what I have learned about
farming, etc.— Tho best ec(mom3'while".serpents are at the udder."

CHAPTER XV.

Land jumping.— First serious case in the " France settlement."
— Our graveyard started. — The " j)oor man's friend." — Street fight
with a jumper. - "Hurrah for Whetstone Hollow." Publie senti-
ment as to such cases.— When the courts and press stand in with
the people, and when against them.— Land sharks. — How petty
thieves are shot down with impunity. — Homo wreckers ; how my
prosperity made me an object of envy and ravage. —A murderous
conspiracy by gentlemen with great influence at court to jump my
pre-emption and school land portions of my well-earned, improved
and stocked home.— The lying pretexts that were invented and
used as a blind ; jump all the water, etc., on my place. — ''If you
want any water, dig for it !" — Wanted to get me into their courts.
— How I repossessed my own. — "Will fix you by helping II..
jump your school land ! " — How I had befriended them. — "Damnecl
be he who first cries hold : enough! " — Tries to drive me off w't'i
a gun, etc. — How we get better acc^uainted; get friendly and e

CONTINTS.

Ill:

agrees to quit. — How I was i)t'rforining my homage against a
lurking foe. — Ilia objeet. — Is set to resume the conflict. — " An out-
rage for one mun to own all the land, and the water too." — "Will
settle it with an ounce of lead," etc. — lioasts of his backing and
influence. — ''We will make it hot as hell for you now." — " I have
taken your school land, E — , your pre-emption, and by — d ! we
will soon have a man on your homestead ! " — A man loans me his
pistol for defen.se, and then eggs on the jumper. — The lying gang.
— " But truth shall contpier at the last." — Jumper's nuuiy wicked
threats. — Try to have him ])ound over to keej) the peace. — My
instructions from the peacte otIl(!er. — " Be prepared to defend y<)ur-
self and sow the ground." — He loans me seed for the ])urpose. —
" There comes [Jumpt'rJ now Avith a gun!" — "Let us go out and
see what he is going to do with it." — " I don't care a danm wlmt
he does with it." — How he followed me around the field with a
cocked carbine in l)oth hands. — Quits and has a secret conference
with the man who did not care a damn what he done with his gun.
— " I ask you as a friend and neighbor to quit sowing wheat and
leave the field, for there is going to be trouble ! " — " Look out for
him, now!" — Belches out at the end of a stream of profanity,
"turn back! leave the field! and don't come back nary time!" —
"I will fix you!" crack, baiv/f — "I will kill you!" crack, bang! —
I return the fire in rapid succession, thus saving my life. — Poxitice,
certain, inconlroverlihb' proof an to the name. — How he missed me by a
scratch! — "There, France is shot!" — The lying gang. — "Where
logic is invented and wrong is called right." — Am charged with
nmrdet ! — The would-be assassin, home ravager and ravishir is
shielded, venerated and revenged by his gang. — " If by this means
we further our cause, the private assassin deserves our applause."
— Am thr( wn into jail without a hearing. — Held in jail near ten
months b( cging and demanding a trial; can never get either a
trial or In 'iug. — " Virtue distressed " could get no protection
here. — Am etrayed, sold and given away. — " His glories lost, his
cause Betr ved ! " — Shanghaied to the gang's Bastile in double
irons. — " 01 i 'twas too much, too dreadful to endure .'" — " He jests at
scars that .ever felt a wound!" — "Is this then," thought the
youth, " is this the way to free man's spirit from the deadening
sway of worldly sloth ; to teach him while he hves to know no
bliss but that which virtue gives f " — Examples of other cases, and
what the law is. — My case as established, and the law, etc., as to
the same.

Contents.

CIIArTEH XVI.

A i)iljrrinmfre throujrli hell! — Seven y. .irs' experience in the
Seutco contract bnstile; tlie kind of a licll and swindle thi.'^was;
how I Ava.s taken there; a tliree or four days journey hy wagon,
l)oat and rail. — IIow I was judjjed by people on the road. — Syni-
])athy. — ''Either innocent of crime or a very Itad man." — The set
(luestions asked by those who had sutTered likewi.^e. — Description
of the bastilc. — How I was inii)rcssed. — The kind (»f jieople 1 found
the prisoners to be, and t \e officials. — IIow they were employed. —
What they had done and what they had not done; their com-
jtlaints, etc. — Jumping away. — The crooked and rocky road to
liberty. — Who got there and how. — The iiKjuisition of the mind. —
How prisoners are driven to the frenzy ol» despair and death. —
^Vhat they earned and were worth to the gang. — What it cost the
j(eo])le. — What they got t(t eat and wear. — How they were treated
when well and when sick. — The punishments. — How I was engag-
ed while in the midst of tlaming desolation. — Crazy jn'isoner.s. —
The good and bad qualities and conduct of the officials. — The re-
deeming feature of the institution. — The different nationalities
and occupations represented and their experiences. — One of the
Polaris' crew; six months on an ice floe. — The good, bad and
mixed; the innocent, guilty and the victims of circumstances,
\ 'hiskey and accidents. — Inequality of sentences and treatment.
— Kobbing the cradle and the grave for seventy cents a day. —
How they lived and died. — The censorship on coiTesi)ondence and
the real object of the same. — A secret prison. — Shanghaied
jtrisoners tr> to make their cases known to the public. — How the
Governor stood in with the gang. — Letters smuggled l)y ministers,
members of the Legislature, humane guards, etc. — Squelching
letters of vital importance. — "Damn you, you Quii't pruvr it." —
Like abuses in the insane asylum. — The remedy. — A 2)lea that any
pri>ionei nhall ai least be accorded a public hearing, and let the PEOPLE
judge. — The Avorst criminals not in prison, but in office ; their
victims crushed. — A pet prisoner turned in with a bottle oi whis-
key and a pistol in his pockets. — The visiting preachers; what
they thought of the prisoners and of the officials. — One that was
a thorough-bred; would fight the devil in any guise; what he done
for reform and how he was bounced. — Can WTite to Iutu yourself,
— Cruel deception. — False and cheating hopes. — "There is France,
if he had not been so anxious about getting home, he would have
been out long ago." — " Must keep still and not bee anybody." —

COXI ENTS.

Hino the k/UI and mii'l langiasheil oml diiil! — ILav other ])ris()iiers
Avere shaiig-hiiicd. — '•Iiad conduct. " — My conduct; strikes, etc —
How officials are intei-ested a<:raiiist a prisoner's justice. — How
"lieaven is sonietinies just and pays us back in measures tluit we
mete." — How ])risoners ai"e rol>l)ed. — Women prisoners and liow
tliey were treatcil. — Visits of the legislature, etc. — A ])risoner
makes a great speech and his teeth are i)ulled out for the ti'<*ul)le
it makes the officials. — "What the legishitunt said and what they
did. — The pardoning power and how it Avas exercised. — Tlie lie. —
Tliat "to hear prisoners talk they are all innocent." — Kcadiii'.':
matter, etc. — How to control prisonei's. — How they get revenge. —
How jirisoners should be treated. — "Where they should be kept. —
How a prison sliould'be conducted to be .^elf-.supporting and to
r«'t'oi'm those who need reforming. — How to enforce the sacred
right of ])etitiou and the sober second thought of the i)eople.

I
1-j

CHAPTER XVII.

Prison experience, continued. — My personal efforts and that
of my friends for ^ny release from the Ba.stile, for some kind of a
//•/a/, and for onl\ a respectful hearing. — Tlie result, etc. — "Truth
wears no mask, bows at no human shrine, seeks neither ))lace nor
applause, she only asks a hearing.'' — Lettei's of my wife; governors,
judges, and various other persons, and corresi)ondence. — Petiticms,
recommendations, etc., etc., and how they were treated, etc., etc.

CHAPTER XA'III.

Prison experience, continued — An epitome of my life, case and
trouble addressed toGovernor and people.— The only argument and
sununing up of myca.se that was ever made. — The frank but fruit-
less wail for justice and liumanity by a victim ; shangliaied, ravaged
and languishing in prison. — " Let tliy keen glance his life search
through, and bring his actions in review, for actions speak the
man." — "While love and peace and social joy were there. Oh,
peace! oh, social joy ! Oh, heaven-born love! Were these j'our
haunts, where murderous denu)us rove ? Distinction neat and
nice, which lie between the poison'd chalice and the stab unseen."

Contents.

■I

I'tc—

-IIow
lilt we
(1 how
•isoner
rctuble

it tllt'V

f lie. —
[eadinj.';
L'Hiie. —
kept.—
• and to

sacrec

■ft

CHAPTER XIX.

Prison experience, condmhd. — Efforts to get my ease before
the Supreme Court. — Copious extracts from my diary kept in
pri.son. — "Con.sidering' my case.'' — "Seeing a'lout it," etc., etc. —
^fy appeals to Legislatures, the President. Congress, etc. — How
changes in(T(»vernors, etc., are disscussed by pris(UU'rs. — Pi'isoners
tliat Avere shanghaied and never convict' d. — How T established my
good conduct against the lying gang. — The "good Judiciary." —
Efforts of and for othei- prisoners, andresidts. — Kemoval to Walla
"Walla. — Mv release, etc.

CHAPTER XX.

Tragedies. — Land juni})ing, etc. — Experience of o^^her mca. —
More of real life and death in the Northwest. — What wastranspir
ing with other people while and since I Avas langui.^hing in prison
for defending my life and home against the gang. — All of these
Avere either acquitted of any crime, or not cA'd indicted or
troubled. — The glaring contrast. — "Uneasy settlers." — "A ja'o-
tectiA-e association ;" "land jumping;" "])ut-up jobs ;" "homes im-
perilled;'' "shooting affair;" "Vigilantes;" "mui'derous as.sault by
a band of midnight assassins;" "high handed." — "With pride in
their port, defiance in their eye, Ave see the secret lurking lords of
hunuin kind ])ass by." — " Lynching;" "people arming;" "a danger-
ous man ;" "l.md tioubles;" "a tramp boom ;'' "killed for rolibing
sluice boxes ;" " laying in wait to kill ;" filled Avith shot j killiug^
three men for a fcAv dollars.

CHAPTER XXL

Laud troubles, etc., continual.—'' The Riparian fight.'' — On
Puget Sound. — Shooting for the tide lands. — A Avoman defending
her claim. — Dynamite. — Vigilantes by the tliousand. — Pig money
for the Court gang. — LaAvyers instigating a fight. — Land jumjiing.

— Coroner's inquests. — " Defective" land titles. — A trick of tho
Court gang. — "I tell you again to stop jihnving.'' — Crack! Bang!

- Why government lands are classified when they are all good for
homes if good for anything. — The Court "bar" (gang) organizes

trouble. " Re ready.''— " Parasites." — " Citizens arming." — Who

gets 90 per cent, of all plunder.

1(1

Contents.

CHAPTER XXII.

Sample tragedy cases in the Northwest, in brief, conchidi'd. —
What members of the gang can do to others with impnnity. Vic-
tims that were not venerated or sanctified by the gi'ng. — Abont
land. — " Shot him dead." — Stabbed him to the heart. — Stabbed
him in the head. — Shot down in cold blood. — Tlie Court burnt in
effigy, and why. — "A dark scheme." — " This is not the first time
I have had to face lead to protect my rights." — "Served the fiend
right." — Shooting a man down in cold blood for a few dollars. —
Killing a man for alleged threats to burn his house. — " The hero
of the hour." Etc., etc.

CHAPTER XXIII.

The coui'ts and laws of Washington and Alaska. — Women as
jurors, etc. — "The infamous decision," etc., etc. — "Complaiuis of

Court." — "A novel ruling," etc.

CHAPTER XXIV.
The courts and laAvs of Oregon, Montana and British Colum-
bia, etc,

CHAPTER XXV.

The courts and laws of California aud the States, etc.

CHAPTER XXVI.

Big land steals in Washington. — "80 percent, of the entries
in one district fraudulent." — Ho\r this is accomplished, and who
cau do it with impunity.

CHAPTER XXVII.

Big land steals in Oregon, California, etc. — How it is done
there. — " In a valley, 30 miles long, ditches were dug from the
stream, dams built, the land flooded, and then taken up by the
gang as ' swamp land,' " etc. — This is why land is classified. —
Brazen perjury, and nobody punished. — The reason. — Wagon road
swindles, etc. — Sink artesian wells to irrigate " swamp land," eta
— "Three-fourths vf the land t\1'es fraudulent." — Murdering home-
builders.

Contents.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Railroads, big grants, etc., in the Northwest, etc. — How they
are worked. What they cost tlie gangs. — What they control. — A
servile and pnrchased press. — Advice to settlers. — What a " terri-
torii::! pioneer" says. — What the peojtle say. — "Awake! arise! or be
forever fallen ! "

CHAPTER XXIX.

As to the martial law tronble in protecting highbinder China-
men and white criminals on Paget Sound, when American citizens
were pillaged, nuu'dercd and driven out with no troops to protect
them. — Vigilance committee. — "Justice blinded Avith a vengeance."
Judge Lynch, and how he judged. — Death from poverty, etc. etc.

CHAPTER XXX.

The Tartaric horde w. American Citizens. — "A crisis." —
" To the thinking man," " even to those who do not think." — The
Anti-Chinese Congress, etc., etc.

CHAPTER XXXI.

Anti-Chinese. — " A great demonstration at Seattle ; the larg-
est ever seen in the territory." — Making fish of one set of citizens
and fowl of another, etc., etc.

CHAPTER XXXII.
The Tacoma tronble and the Exodus. — Statement of promi-
nent citizens. — "Truth and justice buried, and fraud and guile
succeed," etc., etc. .

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Captain of the Queen's story as to the Seattle Exodus.—
Ninety-seven Chinamen in court. — " The Goverument is strong
and will protect" [secret highbinders Avith influence at court,] etc.

CHAPTER XXXIV.
" Home Gnards " fire into the crowd ; five men wounded ; one
dies. — " Shot down in cold blood." — Charged with murder, etc. —

Contents.

;|l|

iifl

Tlie City of Seattle under martial law. — Drive out white citizens
and protect Chinese highbinders. — " Military headquarters," etc.
— Unmeasured gall. — Blackstone on martial law. — " Treason doth
never i)rosi)er, Avhat's the reason? Why if it pi'osper, none dare
call it treason." — "Truth forever on the scaffold, wrong forever on
the throne."

CHAPTER XXXV.
Court Martial and a Military Commission vrith a Judge- Ad-
vocate and Recorder now under eight indictments for forgery and
robbery. — Crime made respectable, and to tell the truth is made a
crime. — "An authentic account." — It is the weakest, not the worst,
that goes to the wall. — United States troops, etc., etc.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

The judgment of the people and of the Supreme Court. — The
martial law "mere lawless violence" ; but " the trail of the serpent
is over them all,"

CHAPTER XXXVII.

A brief, comprehensive and practical history of Masonry,
Knight Templars of Malta, St. John, Hospitalers, etc. — The
Crusades to possess the Holy Land; Egypt, etc. — How Jerusalem
and Acre Vt'ere taken and re-taken. — Why the Holy Land was
made a desert. — The i)ractical workings of the Masonry and
kindred Orders of to-day.

— Mostly the testimony of others, as taken from books and
the press.

CHAPTER I.

striking out from homo Mlieu a boy. — My object. — Ho! For tho Oil
Iteglous ill Puiiusylvania. — My Chum. — Groat Excitoment. — Oil City
flooilod. — "Coal Oil Jdhnuy." — Tools, etc., UHed iu boring for oil.—
All al)out finding oil. — And what the oil is. — My oxperieuee for about
a yoar.

In tlie winter of 1804-n5 I concluded to leave my home in New
York for an indefinite time ; not exactly to hunt buffalo and kill
Indians on the plains, for killinfj; was never sport to me, and I
was not 'wild,' nor to seek my fortune ; for at that time this did
not appear necessary, though I expected to earn by work my
living and travelling expenses, and more, if I run on to any
great opportunity to do so. My object was to see and know
more of the living, bustling, wild and wide world, than what
transpired in the drowsy orthodox range in which I was
confined.

My parents tried to dissuade and divert me from my pur-
pose, but, as I had set my heart on it, they neither strenuously
opposed me nor did they give anj' formal consent ; but left
the field clear for my return as the prodigal son of old, which
they prophesied I would soon do, for them to say "did I not
tell you so, my boy," and to lessen the sting of adieu.

Little did I then think I was never to see them any more
in this world, or know the terrible pangs of grief I would suffer
when we really kissed each other good bye, and that the
thought of that sad event would haunt me, and make me sick
at times, for many years to come.

A young friend was to ramble with me, and we started
March 13th, 1805. The oil regions in Pennsylvania was our
first destination, as there were many fabulous stories alioat,
and much excitement about oil at that time, to such an extent,
that poor men at a distance were mortgaging their homes to
buy stock in oil companies (or confidence games) then being
worked and played to catch the unwary ; and wages and em-
ployment there were reputed as high and abundant.

At the end of the third dav we arrived by rail at the end
of the track — then about a mile from Oil City. AVe jumped off

Striking Out From Home.

into the mud aua oil a foot or two deep, ami waded througli it
iu the dark to town and to a hotel (could have ridden for two
dollars).

The next day it was raininj^; teams were stuck in the street,
loaded with but a few hundred pounds.

Teaming (hauling oil, coal, lumber, machinery, etc.,) was
a great business in the oil regions at that time. The price
of single teams and wagon with driver was twenty dollars per
day or more, and they made forty dollars per day in handling
flat boats iu and up Oil Creek. Drivers were rated at fifty
dollars per month, and no one envied their pay or position.
The vast amount of dead horses lying about or floating down
the Creek, the number of broken wagons iu sight, together
^vith the high price of stable room, feed, etc., showed that it
was not all profit. Yet there was big money in the business
to those whom sxxch drawbacks were not «.txScouraging, but
were taken as a matter of course.

A scene on the road : — A team loaded with oil stuck in a
mud hole full of big boulders and blocking the way for twenty
teams behind :. the driver asks the nearest "what will you take
to pull me out?" "Nothing for that, but two dollars and fifty
cents for hitching on iu the mud."

In time roads were made, feed, stab^ 3 room, etc., got cheap
and handy, when, as there was nothing frightful in the business,
everybody was will'ng to engage in it, and nobody made much
in the business any more.

Next came railroads, and then, in time, pipe-lines were
added for conveying oil.

Crowds of disgusted and home-sick men having failed to
find employment, and short of money, told discouraging stories
to us — they were discouraging to its then, to be sure, because
of our inexperience in the wcvld, otherwise we would have
critically gathered useful and encouraging information instead.

However, my chum concluded during the day that he had
rambled far enough from his good old home and that we were
fibout lost, too, and having now been absent for several whole
days and nights, and remembering that his pet mare was liable
to have a colt with none to caress them, and corn planting time
would soon be on hand with his vacant place to fill, he reluct*

The Oil Regions.

antly left me to my self-willed fate and returned home to his
mother — and he was about right.

As neither of us had any trade, and common labor appeared
very rugf^ed and abundantly supplied, and not having any
money, letters of acquaintance, or other means by which we
could engage in some one or another of the business opportun-
ities, the outlook, indeed, was not brilliant or strewn with roses.
But I had not expected it would be ; I had not counted on
getting a berth as conductor as we travelled along, as clerk at a
hotel wherever we happened to stop for a few days, or as con-
fidential agent for some big concern, on sight and application;
nor yet the gift of a team, flat-boat, brewery or oil-well, as an
inducement to stop a few mouths when we got there.

Leaving my cumbrous valise at the hotel I struck out
among the oil-wells to see what I could see, learn and discover.
The rain storm continued, resulting in a flood ; Oil Creek rose
to a river and with the Alleghany inundated the town of Oil
Citv to the extent that those living iu the business and lower
portion had to move upstairs in the night, the street was over-
flowed, and the public buildings, churches, etc., were occupied
with those who were entirely drowned out.

Bei.urning the following day, I found my valise in five or
six :'eet of water — all being confusion and havoc, as water was
king, and he was mad.

Millions of dollars in oil, barrels, tanks, flat-boats, rafts of
lumber, buildings, merchandise, etc., etc., were carried away,
destroyed, or damaged.

Wlien the water had subsided, I rolled oil barrels on the
dock for a few days at sixty cents per hour, and then got a
job with a surveyor as chain carrier at three dollars per day,
which I held until I had tni.velled over much of that region.

I remember seeing old Indian camping grounds and hear-
ing the stories of how they iised to gather the "Seneca oil"
with blankets on Oil Creek, and sell it for medical purposes to
the pale-faced invaders.

These were days of jubilee for the horny-handed farmers
anywhere around here, as they could now sell their poor and
rugged side-hill farms for five, ten and twenty thousand dollars
to speculators and companies who were now minutely surveying

B r i irann ' j i a iii a i «¥ ii Tij i r Miiai>gw

Striking Out Fiioii Home.

Ill

\ m

tr;

them, with their springs and creeks to map and paint in glow-
ing colors, to divide np and sell to strangers as oil lands rich<
in prospects.

Many tricks were invented and used to effect sales of "oil
lands," such as burying barrels of oil, slightly tapped, near
some spring, so the oil would run in and flow from it, and as
carrying a hollow cane — with a valve in the end — filled with
oil to show an investor, oil "most anywhere arounu here just
by pushing a stick in the ground, you see."

But it was at a distance, on pasteboard and paper, that
"oil lands" and "town lots" for sale appeared the most enchant-
ing, as bluffs and craggy hills appeared as level land then, and
the streams and springs were often only in the mind and
picture.

However, in time it transpired that surface indications
proved little or nothing anyway, as wells that were sunk in, or
near real oil springs, seldom, if ever, produced in paying
quantities, and the high lands — at first considered worthless —
proved as good as any, except the inconvenience or inaccessi-
bility in working it.

And altogether only one well in perhaps a hundred pro-
duced any oil, and it was more apt to yield but one barrel per
day than two or three hundred ; very few outside investors who
kept their stock or interests got their money back.

Manv original owners of the land held on to it and allowed
others to sink wells on it — the owner to receive one-third of
what oil might be produced. This is what the widow McClintoc
did, and which made "Coal Oil Johnny" — her adopted son — so
rich for a time and notorious as a prodigal son of fortune.

While he was scattering his wealth to the wild winds, he
declared to his friends, who tried lo divert him from his down-
ward course, that "he had driven a team on Oil Creek for a
living and could do so again," and substantially this he after-
wards had to do in other places. Though he spent much of
his fortune in reckless dissipation and sport, he also gave away
a great deal from a most noble impulse and kindly feeling.
But perhaps more than either or both amounts was gotten from
him by "real nice and respected" gentry, by chicanery of the

!l!

The Oil Eegions.

most contemptible and villainous type, — such as setting up
banks to ''fail" after catching his large deposits.

He knows more of human and inhuman characters now ;
Avhat a pity for him and his, that he had not learned it in his
youth, either in his own efforts for a living, or it had been
taught to him by the -wider and deeper exi)erience of others,
educated by struggling with the real masked and bra/en wijrld.

Much has been said and sung about the prodigality of
"Johnny Coal Oil," but somehow we never hear of au}' great
good flowing from those who got two barrels of oil, whenever
John Steel got one.

It was customary in the oil regions to keep a pail of
petroleum in the house for making fires, and in this way Mrs.
McClintoc was burned to death. I was at and over the place.

Others lost their opportunity to gain a competency by thus
allowing their places to be prospected or tested, instead of sell-
ing on faith and hope, at a time when it was universal and
strong.

When the whole country had been prospected, it then
transpired that the oil lands lay in narrow belts without regard
to creeks, hills, or other surface formation, and in these, oil
had not been always found.

Crude petroleum is as thick or heavy as lard oil ; but the
color is a deep green; it emits an odor like the petroleum axle
grease sold throughout the country. I shipped a barrel of it
home, as a curiosity and for lubricating machinery.

It appears to be a sort of fish oil, the sand-stone in which
it is confined being sometimes the bed of a sea, and by its up-
heaval, turned off the water and gave the whale-like animals
their death in the sand, this sand drifting or otherwise re^eiv-
iug and holding from evaporation their carcasses and oil, when
the sand hardens into a strata of sand-stone, retaining and
confining the oil with the gases.

My next employment was in running an engine for a pump-
ing oil well at four dollars per day ; board being from six to
eight dollars per week, (the Pennsylvania Dutch are exception-
ally good livers); and then I worked as driller in boring other
wells at the same wages ; and at one of these employments or
the other — sometimes sharpening and repairing the tools being

*"""" "" "-'"• Tf iiiii ' ■i Tl ii T a I ' M f i n

Striking Out From Home.

iucluiled — I was engaged dnviug the most of my sojourn in the
Oil Regions, which time Wiis nearly eleven months. I thus
worked at different wells and localities.

At one place (Franklin) I sunk a well, with one helper,
from five hundred to about a thousand feet deep ; and as there
was but the two of us (they generally run night and day, re-
(juiriug four men) we put in as much time as we desired, which
was sixteen hours per day and eighteen on Saturdays. This
well was sunk four or five hundred feet deeper than others, as
an experiment, but found no oil. A humbug oil "smeller" had
traced several veins of oil to a junction at tlie very spot we
bored through, he " could (and did) give the depth " also.

The average oil well was five inches in diameter. The
average boring tools consist of a bit, or drill, two and a half
feet long, which is screwed into a round bar, twenty-two feet
long ("angor stem "), which is screwed into one end of a pair
of heavy links ("Jars") five feet long, the other end of the jars
being screwed into a round bar ("sinker bar") eight feet long,
which is screwed into the end of a rope socket, three feet long,
all made of three inch round iron, and weigh eleven or twelve
hundred pounds. The end of a one and a half inch rope is
wrapped and riveted into the rope socket ; the other end of the
rope is passed up over a pulley at the top of the derrick and
down to and wound aroimd the shaft of a windlass-like wheel
("bull wheel"), -which is attached by a a rope belt to a ten
horse power engine, and used to lower and raise the tools in
the well whenever the bit is dulled or the sediment (drillings)
needs to be pumped out, which is as often as every two and
a half feet is gone down.

The tools are now suspended just over the hole, which is
about full of water. The rope belt having been thrown from
the bull-wheel, the driller, with a brake on the wheel, lets the
tools rim, or nearly drop, to the bottom of the hole (the engine
being used in raising them out). Next the rope at a few feet
above the mouth of the hole is clasped tightly to a screw
arrangement ("temper screw"), the screw itself being two and
a half feet long, the upper end of which is a swivel and hook,
which is hooked under the end of a walking beam, say thirty feet
long, the other end of it being attached to the engine with a

ru iu the
I thus

B helper,
as there
1 (hiy, re-
ad, which
ys. This
others, as
Her " had
y spot we
also.

ter. The
lud a half
y-two feet
\ of a pair
of the jars
feet long,
i feet long,
or twelve
ch rope is
end of the
erriclc and
•like wheel
t to a ten
Ihe tools in
(drillings)
ry two and

i, which is
irown from
tel, lets the
|(the engine
a few feet
lo a screw
Ig two and
and hook,
thirty feet
nne with a

!''n

(29)

jT-

Stuikino Out Fuom Home.

pitincii; then slack is given the ropo iibovo l)y turning the bull-
wlieol back, thus causing tiie tools to hang suspenclecl to the
walking beam; when the engine is started, the tools being
fsiniply raised and dropped two or three feet at ev(U"y turn of
the walking beam, which is made to go slow or fast according
to the depth of the iioh) and length of the rope; as can be
imagined, the deeper the hole, the slower the stroke.

The weight f)f the bit, the twenty-two feet "auger stem"
and th(^ lower link, or half of t]u> "jars," being the downward
or drilling force, or weight; while the wt'ight in the upper link,
or half of the jars, with the eight feet "sinker bar," jars the bit
loose as it jerks it up. Little or much "jar" being given, ac-
cording to how much the bit sticks. If the hole be deep and
no "jar" is given, the walking beam will i)lay on the stretch of
the rope, witliout raising the tools from the bottom. If the
hole be shallow (so that the rope is short) and the jar is allow-
ed to run entirely out, then the bit, sticking much, stops the
engine or breaks something ; while too much jar lessens the fall
of the bit and lower part of the tools, making it drill slow
in proportion.

The driller, sitting on a stool, turns the screw and rope on
the swivel above a little at each downward stroke, and as the
drill works down, so the jar feels slight, indistinct, or, if the bit
sticks, he unscrews the temper-screw, giving more rope and
more jar. When he has thus unscrewed the length of the
screw (two and a half feet), or the bit is sooner dulled, the tools
are hoisted out and another tool ("rimmer") is substituted for
the two and a half feet bit, which is to cut or rim the hole one
inch larger thnn tlie bit (the ciit of the bit being but four
inches) and b. 'U'le to keep the hole round.

This done, the tools are again hoisted oxit, and a sharpened
bit replaces the rimmer to make another two or two and a half
feet. But before the tools are let down again, the sediment or
drillings must be pumped, out with the "sand-pump." This
tool is simply a zinc pipe, five feet long and three and a half or
four inches in diameter, with a valve in one end and. a bail on
the otlier ; to this bail is tied the end of a half-inch rope which
is reeled on a wheel ; the pump is dropped into the hole, and
when it reaches th^ bottom the driller works it up and down a

The Oil Regions.

lew times hy the rope, thus working the mud or tlrilliiif^'s up
\hrf)U<;h the valve into the pipe or ])UMip, then the en<,'ino reels
':t up very quickly when it is enintictl and the sanio siiaple
process rejwfited three or four times, at the completion of every
two or two luul iiiilf feet.

Before (Iriliing is commenced on n well, heavy seven-inch
iron pipe — in seven feet sections - is driven with a ram to the
])("d rock, or else an ordinary well is dug down to it and a ])lank
1)()X })ipo set up in it, the upper end IxMug at the surface and is
the top of tlie well. Solid rock is desii-cd a)id generally had
the rest of the Avay. The exceptions lieing in mud veins and
cavities, which frecpiently cause trouble hy pieces of rock
working out and falling on the tools, to the extent sometimes
that tiie tools and hole are abandoned.

Five or six feet per day of twelve hours -is alx it the
average work in boring a OOl) fe(>t well.

In the Oil Creek .section, three stratas of sand-stone are
found and gone through, each thirty or forty feet thick, in
Avhich the oil is. Little or none is fotind in the first strata (at
about 225 feet), more is apt to be found in the second (at about
•125 feet j, but never, I believe, in paying ([uautities, so that little
notice is given to any prospects found here either ; but when
the third strata is reached and gone through, which is at a
depth of nearly GOO hundred feet, tluui the boring is finished ; as
here in the third .sdiid-stoHc is where oil is expected to be found,
if at all, and worked.

The kind of rock between the stratas of sand-stone is
mostly granite, slate or soap-stone, with thin stratas of a
harder nature, sometimes Hint.

In one well, in say a thousand, oil is struck which immedi-
ately flows and spurts out ; but Avhether this be the case or not,
the well is next piped to within a few feet of the bottom with a
two and a half inch gas or water pipe, having a pump valve in
the bottom section, and a leather bag the size of the well (five
inches) and two feet long is tied at each end around the pipe
or tubing, so it will be just above the third sand-stone ; this
'seed bag" having been filled with flax seed, Avhich, swellin;.'.,
shuts off all the water above it to the surface, thus allowing
any pressure of oil and wat^r which may be below it in the

lit

'I! i

■ii '

i i

1 ,

■■■!(!

Striking Out From Home.

third sand-stone to flow up the tubing without incumbrance
from the veins of water for 500 feet or more above.

But unless a strong force of gas is tapped, neither oil nor
water is apt to be very pressing to get up. In any such case,
however, it generally flows or spurts out at intervals, spasmod-
ically, with gas enough to run an engine and more.

Usually no oil has yet appeared when "sucker rods," with
a pump valve at the end of the first section, are let down into
the tubing to the bottom, and the upper end attached to the
walking beam, and pumping commenced and continued — night
and day and Sundays— for about six weeks. When if nothing
but water, or water and gas appears, the well is abandoned,
which, of course, is generally the case. The water may be salt
at the start, or get to be such after pumping a few days or
weeks. Salt water is a favorable sign, it frequently being
followed by oil, and oil is not found without it. I believe
petroleum was first struck in boring for salt.

The Indians of the oil regions had gone to their happy
hunting grounds, or had been removed, or fables as to their
supposed knowledge of oil springs, etc., might have been in-
vented and they thus utilized by rings of men —with the aid of
their press— and the oil excitement prolonged, as is done in
other mining regions.

Moreover, it was too accessible to the outside world, by
rail and the Alleghany River, for, with slight expense, time and
inconvenience, those who were furnishing the cash, for the
operators to invest and steal, could see and leavn for them-
selves the business and properties in which so many were
wildly investing.

This is the reason the Pacific railroads and Gen. Crook
(who settled the Indians beyond question for a time in
Arizona) were such a curse to the mining and tributary iutere>5ts
in the far west, causing whole districts to be abandoned, and so
they are yet. Many with money to invest then learned, in ad-
vance of investment, not to expect returns from investments in
ring companies on account of songs suug of a comparative few
lucky strikes ; so times in the mining and oil camps became
very hard. And as many of the games were being closed for a
change of base and operations, away from lines of travel, many

Thk Oil Eegions.

of the common herd of men were swindled out of their wages,
deposits or stivings, and with the outside investors were settled
with in stocks of experience, in knowledge they should have
gained in their youth.

" For such is the temper of men tliat b /?fore they have had the
trial of great afflictions, they do not understand what is for their
advantage : but when they find themselves under such afflictions,
txiey then change their minds, and what it had been better for
them to have done before they had been at aU damaged, they
choose to do, but not until after they have suffered such damage."

JutfCjjh Uf!.

A few months or years as a news-boy, or spent in sweeping,
or doing errands in offices or dens of lawyers, ring companies
or other gangs, so he hears the talk that goes on there, with
j^ractical moral lessons at home, is for a boy the best bequest,
the best endowment, the most wise foundation, stock in trade
and security for fortune and favor, and to keep one "unspotted
in the world" — though he may spot others.

I was present at the dying scenes of those plays, so skill-
fully painted in oil, and years afterwards at others, galvanized
in silver and gold.

I left the oil regions on February 11th, 1866, having earned
nearly one thousand dollars ; had many enjoyable times and
others not so pleasant ; had been at all the towns and sections
from Franklin and below to Titusville, and from Oil Creek to
Pit-hole. Had lost various sums in loaning and in simple con-
fidence and folly, had disp<jsed of other sums in friendship and
favor and pleasure, and got away with about five hundred
dollars ; had I remained a little longer, a bank would have got
away with most of that, as it was near the time set to close
ihch' deals, done in the name and guise of security (?) and by
the protection of the couri-s.

Courts grind the poor, and rings rule the courts.

^wr

1 1

CHAPTER II.

Leaving the oil regions for a good time "out West." — A i^eriod of travel,
etc., of four and a half months to the Missouri river. — Then cro.ssiug
the 2)laius to Salt Lako -with wagon train in .sixty days. — Our train. —
My team. — First cam}) in a .storm. — Fording the Platte river Avit' Hs
quick-sand bottom. — Eig teams. — My first drink — Delusion iu dis-
tance. — CTam(>. — Freighiing, etc. — Life and Government on the
plains. — A comprt^hensivo account of the region from the Missouri
river to Salt Lake Valley.

vJTHEES have said before that a dollar's worth of pure
pleasure is worth more than a dollar's worth of auythiiig elsf^
in the world — that working is not living, hut oidy the mear.-; b >
which we win a living ; that money is good for nothing, except
for what it brings of comfort and culture. Believing in this
philosophy, I next starteil out to live and to enjoy the pleasure
and culture I had wmi, devoting the ensuing four and a half
months to travel by rail, water and stage (tramping was not
much in vogue then), and in visiting relatives and others of my
acquaintance, who had settled "out West," iu Ohio, Illinois
Michigan and Nebraska.

This was a season of enjo^'ment, unalloyed by cares, hard-
»hips or perplexities of any kind, and to which my mind often
reverts, and always with the utmost pleasure and satisfaction.
Of the pleasant homes and happy families, of the genuine hos-
pitality, affection, friendship and good times I enjoyeil on every
hand, I should like to dwell on. And also of the cities and
many places and objects of interest I saw to admire ; but as
there was nothing rugged or strange blended in my experiences
here, I must thus pass them over, Avhich brings me to the 20th
of June, 1800, Avhen I found myself at Nebraska City in charge
of a four mule team and wagon, loaded with improved rifles,
and bound over the plains for Salt Lake City.

"Joy bounds through every throbbing vein —
Dear world? where love and pleasiice reign."

None of the Pacific railroads had yet been built, but the
U. P. and Central was commenced that summer ; consecpiently
all the freight required to supply Denver, the Mines, Salt Lake,

|31)

Life ox the Plains.

of travel,

1 ci'ossiug
ir tnviu.—
erwit' Hs
ion ill <-^i"-
,t oil tlio
o Missouri

of pure
;liiug els(
meai\i? by
u<r, excevl
ius in tluft
e pleasure
aiul a half
g was not
hers of my
io, Illinois,

•ares, liard-
miiid often
i:vtisfaction.
hmiiue lios-
;(.l on every
cities and
lii'o ; but as
ixperiences
to the 20tli
y in cliarf^e
loved rifles,

[\\\i, but the
jusequently
4, SivltLake,

the Military Posts and the whole region between the Missouri
river and the Pacific ocean and our northern line and Mexico,
with the slight exception of some river navigation near the
coast, was tlieu transported in Avagoiis by mule aud ox teams.
For safety aud convenience these travelled in companies or
trains of say twentj' to forty wagons. An average ox team was
six yoke and that of mules run from four to fourteen animals.
I think the Government standard of six is the most practicable
team for teaming; most any one can handle and care for sucli a
team ; a load can be gotten on one wagon without the risk of .sid-
ling and soft roads, and the loaders of the team don't need to
swing all over the country in making a few miles, as do large
teams and trail or high-loaded wagons.

Freighting on the plains was an extensive and usually a
profitable industry, but the fortunes were mostly acquired by
ring favorites of Government officials, on account of Govern-
nii'ut transportation, and the}', usually, sub-letting to others
wlio did the work at half the cost to Uncle Sam. This western
region — marked on the old maps as the "Great American De-
sert," or the "Plains," as the unsettled portions are called in
the west — in the days I speak of Avere miich like the ocean in
many respects, and in this, tliat there were no courts and
lawyers to murder justice.

Everybody was expected to defend and protect himself and
his o^Mi, and consequently was alwa}.^ more or less prepared
ami ' I'^ay to do so. And it trans})ired that the results of this
siuple ii d taxless mode of Government (anarchy) as practised
a tho phiins by the many thousands and mottled throngs
huiii' thoi.e many rears — though not above all desirable — yet
that it ■ ?? , xar superior to that of any ring-ridden lawyer gang
iufested community.

Bad Indians and just as bad white men would murder and
plunder to some extent, to be sure, but not to the extent one
would imagine, considering the isolation and the large and en-
Hciug opportunities, and nothing in comparison to that com-
r itted in the states in the name of one thing or another.

This is true, notwithstanding the pretty true saying, that
' •' ybody quarrels in crossing the plains." But the com-
piuuvjuship is often close in travelling, camping and working

' Pii

ii.'

Olit West.

together, and the necessary hardships and aggravatious are
often trying, and test to the quick all of the traits of the
human disposition.

Be this as it may, nobody was imprisoned, but few ever
killed or hurt, and losses of property, or peace of mind, seldom
occurred there from trouble with each other ; and it was such
an active life, too.

Plains' people usually refrained from practising tricks and
confidence games in their dealings with one another, or even to
take the advantage of ignorance, or necessity, (because there
were no 1-.: v^ ' v^l courts to protect them in such devilry), there-
fore they sc had or made any trouble, and when any did
occur, it was !i ^rt and decisive, instead of a lingering, never-
ending agony of suspense, expense and often of unjust torture,
as is the result at rotten courts.

A New York business man with his family, desiring to
make a visit to Utah (his wife being a Mormon lady, strange
though it may seem) and to increase his W3alth, bought twentj'-
four new wagons, harness, etc., and over a hundred mules,
which were also mostly new, loaded up with his own goods
(general merchandise), and all for the Salt Lake City market.

I Avas to drive one of his teams through at twenty dollars
per month. Teamsters on the plains had usually been getting
from forty to eighty dollars per month, but now so many were
anxious to emigrate west to the mining regions, that hundreds
were willing to drive even big ox teams for their board and
passage — and they walked.

On a Sunday we drove the band of mules from their open
range - then but a few miles from Nebraska City — into town
and corralled them.

Outside of the towns especially, it was very unusual to ob-
serve the Sabbath anywhere west of the Missouri river, and we
church-going, praying puritans, who would shudder in holy
horror at such desecration at home-, now took to the ways of the
country, and the theory that "the Sabbath was made for man,
and not man for the Sabbath."

A part of our mules were unbroken and wild ; in order to
mix them, the wagon-master or captain of the train — who by
the way got a hundred and fifty dollars per month— allowed us

Life on the Pl.vixs.

drivers to pick one pair for our team, wlieu lie would select
tlie other. I happened to get possession of perhaps the best
pair in the band ; observing this, he said that " he reckoned, he
could match them" (rather ■?<»match), and this he did; Iliad
to lasso and choke them to a wagon wheel to be harnessed, and
throw them to be shod. In the first half mile they had the
end of the wagon well splintered, so to save the splinters I pnt
them on the lead, and, in trying to get back, they broke off the
tongue.

I had never driven four animals before, but thought, by
locating a few wagons behind the lead wagon in the train, I
could herd them along after the others in some way, though they
in re wild ; but they started me out on the lead, just as if I
knew anything about leading a heavily loaded wagon train.
Had on about 4000 pounds to the wagon, i' 'hiding four or five
hundred pounds of corn for feed, Avhich was very heavy loading
for the plains.

Got out a mile or two the first day and camped ; took a
week to make the first ten miles. There were two men to lierd
the mules at night, and one to drive the extra stock ; there
were also two Avagons belonging to the wagon master and his
brother, who were Mormons, and one of our drivers was a
Mormon preacher just returning from a foreign "mission."

So there were about thirty of us, divided into four messes,
well provided with grub for the trip, also with tents, but we
seldom bothered to use them. Having bought blankets for
the trip only, as I supposed, but found that the average man was
expected to furnish his own bed most anywhere on tlie Pad lie
coast, and that a hay mow or straw stack is considered first-
class lodging. I made my "bed" under my wagon, as it was
raining, and turned in with my clothes and boots on, as though
I had been used to camping all my life and liked it. It was
a pouring rain witli thunder and forked lightning. When the
water ran into my "bed" I awoke, and took a stroll around camp
to see how others did, to get fun out of this sort of living ; this
was simple enough. Those who were drowned out had put up
a tent in the mud, and with "Fiddler Jim" were having a
concert.

After we got our corn fed up, we had room to sleep in the

■•!}iffT^

IMN*

|lii{{!i:

Out West.

wagons ; however, it did not raiu much more, nor is there auy
dew ou the plains. Only this simple lack of raiu caixses so
much desert and desolate country, and lack of soil and timber.

Some freight trains had been manned with drivers in their
necessity without any wages, and they had struck ou the plains
and compelled the highest to be paid them, and there had been
other trouble, though justice prevailed. So now our proprietor
called us together to confirm our understanding and to sign
some sort of written agreement. Some were in favor of this,
others against it, and the rest did'ut care. The young black-
smith, however, settled tJie question ; he was in favor of sign-
ing a contract, and a strong one, "for," said he : "I signed one
once, the only one in my life, that I Avould stay with a black-
smith three years, and I stayed three months."

T lie wagon master said : "He would just as soon take the
boys' words for it, as was usual with him, and did not apprehend
any trouble of any kind." Then after the proprietor had in-
formed us as to the amount of work he could do, and the
number of wagons he himself could drive, if necessary — six, I
believe — the matter was dropped.

In the West there are many good men who are afraid to
put their names to any writing whatever, even to promises they
are able and intend to fulfill ; they having learned that no one
could know what the meaning might be construed to be, and the
expense of the same, should it ever get into a court of justice(?).

There were a few improved farms at and for a few miles
beyond our first camp, which, I believe, was the last that we saw
till we got to Salt Creek, which was rudely settled. Now
Lincoln, the State Capital, and a railroad centre, is here.
Mosquitos were thick and as blood-thirsty as the members of
a "charitable" brotherhood, and this was about the last place v/e
were annoyed by insect pests during the trip.

The country from the Missouri Eiver to this longitude is a
beautiful and rich rolling prairie, and is now about all in culti-
vation ; but west of this, or say the 98th longitude to the coast
range, the rainfall is insufficient or too uncertain, to farm suc-
cessfully without irrigation (except in spots), and this is largely
impracticable, because of the lack of soil or its being inacces-
sible to water.

ill

Life on the Pl.\ins.

ere auy
uses so

timber,
iu their
le plaius
lacl beeu
•oprietor

to sigu
■ of tliis,
ig bliick-

of si;:;!!-
rrned one

a black-

1 take the
,ppreheuc^

We struck the Platte river fort}' miles east of Fort
Ker .ey, autl then travelled up its sandy bottom about 240
miles to where at that time was Julesburgh — a dilapidated
military aud stage station, 400 miles from the Missouri river.

There were a great many dead oxen lying along the road,
a great many Antelope were in sight, and owing to the rarefied
air, were apparently close by, but really so far, that with all the
shooting none were killed, and all we got was bought ot the
Indians.

My first experience in the delusion of distance in a dry
atmosphere occurred one afternoon on the Platte river. "We
having camped early, three of us thought we would walk out to
and climb some hills, apparently half a mile from camp, to
enjoy a better view ; we travelled a mile or two, and as they did
not appear an}' nearer my chums turned back. I continued on
about as much further, and seeing but little difference yet,
gave it up, and in returning in the dark brought up at the
camp fires of another train, half a mile from our own.

At Julesburgh we forded the Platte; they called it half a
mile Avide here ; I would now have believed them had they said
it was three miles wide. The river bed is quick-sand, and there
appears to be about as much sand as water rolling along to add
to the country in the Gulf of Mexico. It is dangerous for a
wagon to get stuck iu the river, as it would sink or settle in the
sandy bottom, and so would a mule ; therefore our teams were
doubled up to twelve animals, and the Avagou beds were raised
to keep the goods dry.

Here they started me out — or in — with the first wagon
again. I declared that I could not get through with such a
team, but Avith another driver Avith me, and our Moses insisting,
that "I could as well as auA'body, if I only thought so," and by
him leading out until his mule floundered in the treacherous
sand, Avhich is drifted in Avaves and heaps, we did come out
on the opposite side — about three-quarters of a mile the way
we took ; but in returning, having no wagon to steady them, the
mules, chains, harness and doubletrees got iu a tangled mess,
so it seemed that half of the team was down or off their feet
ahout all the time ; had all I could do to hang on to the harness ;
80 Ave finally lauded — the Avheelers ahead — a quarter of a mile

. nil]

'''■'if

: !

J:-^

1
'IS;

I ii:

Out West.

from the right hinding place in the dark, as night had over-
taken us. I thought I deserved hanging, or else songs of glory,
but others considered it about the proper and usual perform-
ance of a tenderfoot — only a needed bath for man and mules.
The other teams got along better, being kept in the "track"
where it was somewhat packed and less miry, as I did after-
wards.

An ox train loaded with a quartz mill for Idaho was cross-
ing the same time we did. Hitched to one of the wagous,
loaded with a large boiler, were thirty-eight yoke of cattle - they
said forty-eight, but I am willing to knock off the difierence as I
did not coimt them. The boss of the train would take no un-
necessary chances, and could aftbrd to move slow, as he would
get twenty or perhaps thirty cents a pound freight. However,
it might have been a God-send to the outside stock holders
had the whole thing and business been sunk in the sand. As
to the large teams, the idea is, that a good portion of the
animals need not be pulling at all, can be entirely olf their feet,
and there would be enough besides to pull them up and along,
and thus keep the Avagon moving. Some of the drivers rode
the cattle while others were on horseback.

Here, on the north bank of the Platte, I took my first drink,
tasted liquor the first time in my life. Being taken with a
bad chill, they rolled me up in blankets by the camp fire, and
fed mo on brandy from a tin cup ; it, however, did not prove
fatal, as I have never taken a pint altogether since.

We now took up Poll Creek, and travelled the general
route since taken by the U. P. R. R , leaving the stage route
for a time, as it went around by Denver ; arrived in Salt Lake
City in sixty days from the Missouri river — about twenty miles
a day, which was unusual fast time for a loaded train.

As to the country between the Platte and Salt Lake, we
saw a few moist, contracted bottoms, where wild hay was being
made to supply the overland stage stock ; there is a good deal
of bunch grass country besides, which, if the grass was cut,
would yield about seven hundred pounds of hay to the acre, or
less ; so when occupied as a grazing country, as it has since
been, it could easily be over-stocked. There is much land
covered with sage brush, which indicates more soil and moist-

■i...;ii'

Life on the Plains.

urp, and where it p^rows rank, and the ground can be irrigated.
Anything agreeabh^ to the climate can be grown in profusion,
if not destroyed by grasshoppers or other insect pests.

There is timber on the mountain ranges and s.purs, but
often so distant and scrubb}-, that it is said, in some localities
telegraph poles cost twenty dollars, or more, each.

Saw cpiite a number of wagf)n trains and of Indians ; met
quite an emigration from California and Oregon to tlie states ;
saw some prairie dogs, wolves, jack-rabbits and sage-liens, and
heard of btaffalo and other large game.

We took turns at cooking, while others brought the water
and fuel— which is generally buftaio or cattle " chips," or sage
brush. A couple at a time relieved the regular herders, by
herding the mules mornings and evenings ; and one at a time
guarded the train at night — though he often slept all the same,
so that one of the boys offered to take the whole job, dechiring
"it did not tire him any."

The same degre 3 of daring and low cunning necessary in
successfully stealing a single horse in the states, or in robbing
a store, a customer, or client, if dis]ilay('d here on the plains by
a secret gang of a dozen men, could have captured our whole
train most any night, notwithstanding we were all armed with
rifles and revolvers. jNIoi'eover, the fact that train animals are
seUlom molested, though feeding a mile or two from camp, and
perhaps 300 from even a military post, shows the Indians to be
more honest, or else more cowardly, than is generally repre-
sented.

Suppose the working masses in the states should i*ise in
their necessity and might, strip off their ill-gotten possessions,
and banish to the plains by themselves the "charitable" tribes
among them, who live chiefly by their wits, tricks and hidden
vices off of other men's toil, with none to labor, earn produce
for them, or to watch and make tliem afraid ; they thus being
compelled to work, steal, or starve, and the countrij ivaa tJieir own!

Could a train, as inviting as ours, pass through their
country without tribute or plunder? Not much ! And instead
of an occasional grave with a head-board rudely marked," killed
by Indians," etc., whole grave yards would appear.

The trip to me was a novel and, on the whole, a pleasant

';1!

Out Weht.

one ; au agreeable enough company : nobody striving for
trouble or imposition, never a fight, or even a hand on a pistol
for protection or for crime, ami I disremember hearing the
captain or proprietor speak scarcely an angry or insolent word
— certainly not to me. Our journey ended. Mr. "White told
our Moses (Geo. Stringham) to " take the boys to the best hotel
in town," where he boarded us at three dollars a day, while un-
loading, etc., in a storehouse he had pr(y nirod to dispose of liis
goods ; he having left us several days back to be here in ad-
vance. This was also his first experience in the Wes t.

r-i

i'l

ill:

Ifi »;■

iJ;

CHAPTER III.

SaltLako Citj ami Vallpv. — Salt, Lako. — Cliniuto and bathing. — Remained
a month. — Tlion made a trip of a month on the phiins. — Caught in a
Mi/.zai'd.— Sixtv-two frozen nuih's forltrfulcfii^t, Oct. 1-tth. — .V rougli
tmnip (if ISO niih\s in tins snow. — IJiu-k to Halt Laki\ — Droimiing of
honu.' ! — Ah to tho hardships ()f trains snow-lKUind in tho mountains.
— Work for a ^lormou dignitary. — The "mighty Host of Zion." —
How they whipped Johnson'.s I'. S. Army in ISOI, etc. ^Mountain-
Meadow massacre, etc. — Leave Salt Lake on horseback for St. (Jeorgo,
'..oO miles south. — Takes a month. — ^lormon farms and villiiges. —
Tlieir system of settlement, etc. — Climate, soil, mountiuns. — A month
in Sf. (jleorgo as '-Dodge's Clerk."— On an Inilian raid. — Made a trip
to tho extreme southern settlements. — What for ! — Cotton country.
—Mountain of rock salt. — A true, comin-ehcnsivo description of the
Mormons. — How they live and deal with each other and with Centiles.
— Their religion and government, as they keally ake in riucxiCE. —
Their virtues, crimes and danger.

oALT Luke City, with its gardens, trees ppliug brooks,

spread out in a spacions valley, made fruitful and charming by
a cheerful climate, water and industry, presented a beautiful,
pleasing appearance to us, having seen little else than bleak,
burnt, craggy desolation for twelve hundred miles and sixty
days. —

The valley to the north extends about a hundred miiea and
is aboiit eight or ten miles wide, on an average. This is Avater-
ed mostly by Bear and Webber rivers, which empty in Salt Lake.

To the south the valley reaches about seventy miles,
averaging, say, two miles in breadth, is watered and fertilized by
the river Jordan, also emptying into Salt Lake, where the
v/aters of this and Bear river, besides other streams, evaporate,
leaving their salts in the lake ; it, like the dead sea, having no
outlet. The country is alkaline or salty, and the atmosphere is
very light and dry ; the former accoimts for the vast amoiint of
salt in tho lake, and the latter for the evaporation in excess of
that in a moist climate. Is 4200 feet above the sea, 90 miles
long, 20 to 25 miles broad, 15 to 20 feet deep. Six pails of
water are said to make one of salt. Health seekers should note
that here is a mild, dry mountain climate with sea breeze, and
bathing in cold brine or warm sulphur.

All auolt the Moiimons.

I l)iit]iO(l in tlio fainoci wiinii .sulphur spriiij^H, where Dr.
HobiuHou was assiissiiiiited for (h-siring to own them by the U.
S. hiw.s, when the Lrethron wanted it ; attended the theatre and
church raootings ;— remember h(>aring Vice-PreHuhMit Kimbal
IVdiu the ]n;li)it tell the choir to "sing something lively, as he
enjoyed that kind of music 1)est even at a tlu^'itre." Ate apri-
cots, peaches and other fruit from the acre gardens that adorn
nearly every residence in town. There being a Ktr(>!im of
mountain water flowing on either side of every street for irri-
gation, etc. Talked with men fiom the mining and stock
regions of the surrounding country, who come for hundi'eils of
miles on business, to winter, and spend their money in enjoy-
ment here, as a place, that surely has nnmy attractions, even as
a permanent place of residence.

Remained here about a month, ])art of the time driving
team about town ; then for another month drove a six mule
team in a grain supi)ly train for the Overland Stage Company
at forty dollars a month, until caught, the 18th of October, in a
bli/zard on the plains ; were confined to our beds in the wagons
for two nights and a day ; nor cotild we scarcely move on
account of the cold and the snow drifting in and over ns.
When the storm abated we crawled out, broke np feed boxes
for fires, and Avent to look for the stock — 124 heads; were in the
l)rush (on Green river), where we had left them, ))ut just half
of them, 62, were frozen to death, and in all the ghastly attitudes
of cruel agony. Left the Avagons where we had camped, drove
the remainder of the mules to a valley, six or seven miles away,
where it Avas quite Avarm, but little snow had fallen, and left
them for the Avinter in care of providence, Avho never tempers
the Avinds for an unfortunate and abused mule.

Three or four Mormon teams Avere engaged to take us Avith
them to Salt Lake — 180 miles ; but had to Avalk, camp and
sleep out in the snoAV, a foot or tAvo deep. There is nothing
terrible about sleeping in the suoav or a snoAV storm for a night
or two, with plenty of blankets, no matter Iioav cold it is ; but
to continue doing so and traA'el, the blankets get Avet or damp,
so that one dreams of home, sweet home!

In accordance Avith the custom of the country, as a sub-
stitute for taxes, prisons, courts and laAvyer gangs, I had a

Salt Lake City and Utah.

navy-revolver up to this time ; but never having needed it, and
it being cumbersome, disposed of it, and liave never owned a
fire-arm since, except a shot gun ; though on a few occasicms
have foiind it necessary to carry a pistol for protection in kind.

There is scarcely any necessary occasion to lose horses or
mules by cold or starvation in the far "West. If they are not
over-worked, they will stand any one storm. And there are
geuial valleys of sunshine, and grass in sight or accessible from
most anywhere ; also rabbits and other game are quite plentiful
for parties short of rations. Therefore, the heroism (?) of men
in command, for living on starved and frozen mules and for
other hardships endured in the mountains, is a, humbug and out-
r<"je. The mules should have been rollicking in a friendly
vale, and the party living on jack-rabbits and venison.

Found the weatlier warm and pleasant when we got to Salt
Lake Valley again. Being acquainted v,-ith a young man
(working for Gen. D. H. Wells) who wanted a vacation for a
week oi two, I took his place— hauling lumber from a saw-
mill to town.

Wells was third in authority iu the Mormon Church and
Masonic Order ; had two wives (sisters), at this, his principal
home, where they lived in good style, and several others in
other parts of town. His appearance to an unadvised outsider
was that ot a clever gentleman. He commanded the Mormon
Militia, which were now having their annual training. I had
bought a horse and saddle — to travel on my own hook to learn
more of this famed secret brother- and sisterhood of masons —
loaned it to one of the boys to attend the training near town,
and the saddle bhmket being a fancy one, the General himself
did not disdain the use of it from a wnndering Gentile, in com-
manding the "mighty host," the same that "whipped the
United States" under the renowned Albert Sidney Johnson,
President Buchanan and company, in 1861. Or rather, "God
did it,' the secret brethren say.

To an inexperienced outsidei*, it is a real mystery how
Brigham Young and secret brethren out-generalled, out-dip-
lomated, out-witted and stripped our Government agents, and
people iu that squabble. They had done it b'sfo^p, and have
done it ever since.

All ABoirr the Mormons.

Those who worship secrecy, tact and success ah:)ue, should
plant flowers on his grave and revere the name of Brigham
Young.

They had committed many excesses and horrible crimes
against outsiders in their secret order and tribal ways ; openly,
as well as secretly, dominated, repudiated and defied the
Government, while Brigham Young was made Governor of the
Gentiles in Utah, (being already chief of the Mormons), John
D. Lee, Indian Agent, etc., etc. They having more influence at
Washington than full-fletlged American Citizens, because they
had brother masons there — sent by thoughtless outsiders.

At last to appease public sentiment, by throwing dirt in its
eyes, and to blindly aid and assist the secret brethren, an army
of near 10,000 men, richly equipped with wag(ni and pack trains
ami supplies for ten j/eovs, was sent out to Ut'ih; witl. the usual
catering claptrap and out-cry of "enforcing the laws and
crushing the Mormons." Then all was turned over - almost
given to the before declared enemy, but now "repenitent and
industrious citizens," Avho, meanwhile, among other outrages,
butchered in culd blood l')0 men, women and children, ap[)ro-
r-iating entirely the Avealthy emigrant train, stock and fortunes
r . their victims. All this Avitli the utmost impunity and almost
in sight of a coui't-house of jus dee (?).

That Avas a v.diite man's seci'et order, trilial tribute, led by
a ring favorite of ilic Government— John D. Lee.

Ami right there to-day is one of the "grave yards ! "

Wagons, mules, harness and fire-arms were most needed
by the brethren at that time in their business. They worked
diplomacy, tact and treachery on the Kentucky-California-
bound emigrants, thus disarming them, but could not secure
their property in peace Avithout killing them, so they could not
be "revengeful and make trouble."

But they could get the Government trains securely by dip-
lomacy and secret intrigue, without killing a man, woman or
child, though they paid a trifle of the money, meanwhile filched
from the Government in the deal.

The army was disbanded at Camp Floyd Avheu the sup-
plies had been brought to their doors, where they were "sold"
to the brethren, whom Oflicials are secretly sv/oru to assist

Salt Lake City and Utah.

I ;

and befriend, and whose secrets they are sworn to "ever conceal
and never reveal."

Wagons worth two hundred and fifty dollars tliere then
sold for fifteen dollars. Arms Avorth twenty dollars for two
dollars, etc., etc.

Brigham "bought" S30,000 Avorth of pork at one cent a
pound, and then re-sold it to Gentiles at sixty cents a pound,
etc., etc.

Much of the supplies had just previously been bought here
of the Mormons at fabulous prices.

Great quantities of leather, harness, cavalry equipments,
clothing, blankets, small stores, etc., etc., etc., were likewise
turned over to the secret brethren, who dominate and direct
the action of Government and Courts within their influence.

I Avas told that they were eveu allowed to run off Govern-
ment mules by the band, and then sell them back to the Govern-
ment thus prostituted, Avhich then turned them over to the
brethren for a song. The Mormons were thus greatl}' assisted
in their business at the expense of the people, and their era of
prosperity began at these fruitful victories over the Govern-
ment. Mormons believe this out-come to have been secretly
fixed, Avhen the expedition was gotten up and sent to them.

The matter of the Mountain-Meadow massacre, and other
like tributes to secrecy, they postponed with secret influence
at court, for tAventy years, until Royal Master Lee had gotten
in bad standing in the order, and his life Avas about run out
auyhoAV, Avhen the brethren consented to give Avhat was left of
him alone up, as a sacrifice to appease and blind the people ;
as if they had lost their secret influence at court, and justice
noAV prevailed. This Avas to be a receipt in full for such
coAvardly, treacherous, brutal murder for plunder of hundreds
of disarmed men, Avomen and children by icdl-knoicn masons
under the shadow of Court-houses of Justice (?) and the United
States flag.

That company of emigrants could sv. jcessfully defend
themselves against the Indians, but could not do so against a
gang of secret ring favorites in the Government. Nor can any-
body Avlien the courts are thus subverted.

About NoA'ember first, started on my traA'els, horseback, to

conceal

re then
for two

cent a
pound,

nflit here

ipments,
likewise
id direct
nfluence.
Goveru-
i Govern-
r to the
• assisted
jir era of

Govern-
^ secretly

lem.
md other

iuHuence
id gotten

run out
as left of
people ;

d justice

for such

undreds

masons

,ie United

defend

igainst a

can any-

ieback.to

«a

;«.!

: 1

•is;
If

III
■ »,

Salt Lake City and Utah.

the South. Weather in tlie valley Avas -vvarm and delightful,
while suf)w could be seen driftiiij^ and flying high up on the
mountain peaks. One of these, Mt. Nebo, Avas said to be
over 11,000 feet above the sea.

A hundred miles, and I was out of Salt Lake Valley, oA-er
the summit into a mountainous desert region (Avith some
Avatered spots) sloping toAvards the Colorado river, some four
hundred miles to the South.

Salt Lake Valley is the only farming country of any mag-
nitude between the 98th longitude and California, except far to
the North. This valley is thickly settled by the Mormons,
Avith a considerable number of Gentiles at and to the North of
Salt Lake City.

TJie Mormons live in villages Avith extensive lots for gar-
dens and fruit purposes ; have their farming and pasture lands
fenced in common, and dig and oavu their Avater ditches like-
Avise.

They adopted this system of living in towns as a protection
against the Indians ; but as they are confined to small farms of
say, tAA-enty-five acres, of Avhich there are ten to fifteen
thousand, the disadvantage in living apart from them is olf-set
by the saving in fencing, and social and school advantages
gained.

Wherever a body or spot of soil is susceptible of irrigation,
there is a Mormon village. The piincipal ones of these settle-
ments, for some 75 miles after leaving Salt Lake I'uUe/j, are
Filmore--once the capitol — and Beaver, on Salt Creek and
twenty-tive miles from the Mountain-MeadoAV graveyard. St.
George is 350 miles from Salt Lake and on the Ilio Virgin ;
there l)eing some small settlements betAveeu Beaver and
St. George.

Wandering along leisurely, reached St. George in about a
month from Salt Lake ; found it a fruitful oasis in the desert,
nicely situated antl laid out and of considerable importance and
population. Suoav seldom lays on the ground ; a climate semi-
tropical and as salubrious as can be found most anyAvhere ; en-
joyed the best appetite here I ever had. The soil is mostly a
bed of sand, cleared oft* sage-brush, and Avater brought on it
at an expense in labor of twenty to thirty dollars per acre.

All about: the Mormons.

ightftil,

ou the

to be

;y, over
h some
me four

ny mag-
pt far to
lormous,
North of

, for Har-
are laiuls
^hes like-

l^^)rotectiou
L farms of
|to fifteen
is olf-set
^dvautaj^es

1 irrigation,
[ese settle-
[vaUcij, are

Jreek and

;vari\. St.

fio Yirgin ;

iaver and

In abovxt a
V[\e desert,
Irtauce and
liite semi-
|\vhere ; eu-
mostly a
lught on it
|r acre.

Remained liere a mouth with and working for au intelligent
Yankee Saint, and they called me " Dodge's Clerk." This is
how I clerked : Hauled lumber and wood from a mountain,
twenty to thirty miles off; went on au Indian raid of a few
diiys Avith a local company, commanded by a General ; anyhow,
be was a clever and agreeable man for the occasion, as were also
tlie others of the company. Stock had been stolen from the
range by the Navajoes, and the company went to overtake them,
l)ut did not succeed. Took a load of grape roots, cuttings, fig
trees, and other things, to sell in the then extreme soiithern
settlements on the Muddy Creek, 130 miles away, and twenty
from the head of navigation on the Colorado river. Cotton was
being raised here.

Sold out mostly ou Sunday, as the saints had gathered to
worship and do business. Eemember their singing, " Hard
times come again no more." Sunday is the principal business
or trading day in mining camps and other new settlements with
tbe Gentiles also.

The religious phase of the Sabbath or Sunday question, as
to a particular da}' or date, is a tangled muddle anyway.
About every day in the Aveek is claimed as such by some
numerous sect or people. In studying tbe question Ave find,
that the changes in official calendars and the difference in time,
on account of the motion of the earth, makes it too difficult to
solve, to be honestly certain as to time, so it seems captious,
for people to quarrel as to the same. Let the geuend goA'ern-
meut name the day, as one of rest for man and beast, and en-
force its reasonable observance.

An island and longitude in the Pacific Ocean, according to
our official calendar, has two Sundays together for any vessel
sailing "West, and none for those sailing East. They must drop
or gain a Sunday in passing this longitude.

I also got a load of rock salt at a mountain, or mount, of
salt there. Much of it is so clear, one can read print through
it some inches thick. Is mined Avith drill and poAvder.

•Halt: Deposits in Nevada. — Vast Fields op Pure Rock Salt to be
Found in Lincoln County.

lu Lincoln County, ou the Eio Virgin, is cue of tlie most remarkable
1 ileposita of rock salt on tlie contiueut. says the Dayton News Reporter. It

Salt Lake City and Utah.

in found in hills 500 feet above the level of the valley, and chemically pure.
IJIocks of it over a foot square are so trausi)areut that one may read a
paper through tliem. So solid is this salt th.at it must be blasted out the
same as if it were rock. This deposit of salt lies about three-tpiarters of
a mile west of the Rio Virgin and three miles soiith of the Mormon village
of St. Thomas. There a body of this salt is exi)osed for a length of nearly
two miles, wiiieh is about half a mile wide and of unknown depth. The
dei)osit runs north and south and is seen on the surface for a distance of
over nine miles. In places the canons have cut through it to a dej^th of
sixty feet. At these points the Hiko comi^any formerly blasted out tlu!
salt required in working their ores. This grjat dejjosit of salt is situated
at an altitude of 1,100 feet above the level of the sea. It is undoubtedly
very ancient, as in one place it has been covered by a flow of basaltic rock.
In other jdaci's it is cii\ red to a depth of ivoni one to five feet with vol-
canic tufa. At Hand Springs, in Churchill County, besides the salt that
may be shoveled ujj from the surface, there is found a dejjosit of rock salt
fourteen feet in di pth. This salt is as transparent as the clearest ice and
does not contain a jjarticle of any foreign or deletcrioiis substance. It
may be quarried the same as if it was marble. It is said that one man
can (piarry and wheel out five tons a d:iy of this salt. It is only necessary
to grind it to render it fit for table or dairy u>e. Sixty or seventy miles
north of this, at the eastern base of the Dun CUen range of mountains, is
the great Humboldt salt field. This is al)out fifti-en miles long and six
wide. In summer, when the surface water has evai)oiated, salt to the
deijth of three or four inches can be scraped ujj from the surface.
Beneath the surface is a stratum of pure rock salt of unknown depth.
This rock salt is so hard, that in order to get it out rapidly it is necessary
to blast it. Were a branch railroad to run to one of these deijosits, salt
would soon be a cheap article in the United States. As there are in the
same localities great quantities of soda, borax and other valuable minerals,
it is jjrobable that the day is not far distant when some of them will be
tai)pod by branch railroads, which could bo cheaply laid down through
the level districts. "

My route to and from the Muddy settlements and Salt
Bank lay mostly along the liio Virgin " river " (as most any
stream is called in sections Avhere water is scarce), the road
crossing it in the quick-sand many times. The Indians (Piutes)
had in cultivation a few patches on this stream, and the Saints
had started a settlement, or two. But the bottom is too narrow
to till, except in garden patches.

With the exception of bunch-grass, very wide apart, some
sage and grease brush, the surrounding country is a barreu,
dreary, rocky waste. There is no soil on the highlands, eveu

In
usual ani
order, wll

1y pure.

read a
. out the
irters of
n village
of nearlv
th. The
stuuce of

depth of
i out the
1 situated
loubtedlv
altic rock.

with vol-
eaalt that
jf rock salt
est it-e and
stauce. It
,t oue man
y necessary
i-enty miles
DUutaiiiH, is
long aud six

salt to the

.le surface.

own depth.

is necessary

-posits, salt
are iu the
le uiiuerals,

u'lu vill 1'^'

wu through

and Salt

most any

;), the road

,us (Pintes)

the Saints

^too narrow

^part, some
a barren,
llands, even

Al.L ABOUT THE MORMONS.

if there Avas water. — The principal wagon route from Salt
Lake to Los Angeles, Cal., leaves the Rio Virgin by the
most rugged hill I have ever seen to be travelled over
mucli with wagons. It is two or three miles to the top,
steep, and crossed with ledges of rock. While T was passing
it, gazing at one of a train, high up on the hill, as the
wagon was being tiiggod along with a Avell doubled iip
team ; it broke loose, tumbled back, scattering itself between
there and the bottom. I passed over the same route afterwards.

The Mormons, as a people, are as prosperous, contented
and happy, perhaps, as any other people, who have to earn by
toil about all they get, and their government is so administered
that they come very near getting, holding and enjoj'ing all they
make ; unless the tenth of what they produce, that goes for
their general protection, welfare and enlargement, be excepted.
Inasmuch, as they would need no costly protection, if polygamy
was not openly practiced by the few, so long as similar secret
order governments of oath-bound brothei'hoods (called " masons"
etc., instead of "church") are tolerated by the people.

The most of the Mormons dislike polygamy, and it may
die. But it is not the worst feature of the system of Mormon-
ism, as to the general government and the full-fledged citizens
of the same, if the government is to be supreme and un-
controlled by secret alien kingly governments within.

There are but few salaried officials in the Mormon govern-
ment — even the bishops draw no pay. The more able and am-
hitious frequently acquire considerable and exceptional fortune,
but it is made by rugged industry, or filched from Gentiles.
They are not permitted to trick or rob c...:. other of their
property, under any pretext. Lawyers are kept from power
entirely —they are treated as pests, as grass-hoppers and chine-
bugs ; except sometimes in dealing with oiitsiders. It is the
business of the officials and dignitaries of the order to counsel,
advise and protect any faithful brother in ordinary business
pursuits and in their troubles with each other and with out-
siders.

In case of trouble with outsiders, assistance is extended in
usual and natural ways, and also by machinery of the secret
order, winch is worked in the dark.

p
p

Salt Lake (Jity and Utah.

They are a secret masonic order of various degrees, aud
bound together with masonic oaths, although there is nothing
secret, sly, or mj'sterious in the first degree, whereby any per-
son, and Indians in large numbers, are taken into the "church"
or order Avithout hesitation. They constitute a secret, mystic
and complete government within, and distinct from that of the
state ; an irresponsible aud foreign government, to ivldch ihcy
mcear, irt/h masonic oaths, supreme allegiance.

But yet they are allowed to join in maintaining the forms
and pomp of courts and government of the Gentiles, for use in
dealing with and filching the outsider, aud as a fortress of pro-
tection against them. Making of it a cat's-paw, a tool, a trap,
a blind, a handy machine, worked and controlled by their
secret, f)ath-bound obligations in the dark, where five men may
overcome and override five thousand true citizens, Avhich is
ver}' fine for the secret brethren. But the Gentile, or outsider,
must suffer accordingly, for he has no assurance of security or
justice, when treated or done for by either of the courts and
governments thus managed and controlled iu the dark. The}-
are the power behind the throne, though it may be played so
fine that, if the victim be ignorant, he does not understand it,
aud Avill blindly vote to sustain it.

About the only verdicts rendered by the courts of Utah
against Mormons in good standing and influence in the order,
are secured by special legislation of Congress, which would be
overridden were Utah a state; and even in these comparative few
cases, they have frequently beaten the cases against them by
their secret influence in appeals, just as other masons do.

Polygamy is but a red rag of masonry, the spears and
knives to stab the government are hid behind it.

The Chinese, Jews and Indians, in the United States, also
cherish, maintain, and are governed by, a distinct alien govern-
ment of their owu; a state within the state. But they have the
modesty to refrain, at least openly, from taking part in the
government of the Republic. They do not intrigue and scheme
for ofHce under it, or to judge and govern anybody but them-
selves, which they do by their own alien governments. They
love their big sun-flower titles, and pagan pomp and "mysteries"
of idolatry, and worship the shades of Mogul Kings.

All auout the Mormons.

s, and
otliiuj^
ly per-
Uurcli"
mystic
, of the
k'h they

e forms
r use in
of pvo-
, a trap,
)y tlieir
lien may
rt'hicli is
outsider,
3iirity or
urts and
k. They
jlayed so
rstand it,

, of Utah
he order,
rt-ould be
•ative few

them by

do.
lears and

^tes, also
govern-
Ihave the
L-t in the
Jd scheme
lut them-
k They
lysteries"

Though such people be naturalized or born in this country,
they are not real citizens at heart of the Republic, but are
jiractically foreigners, aliens, (nviug first allegiance and belong-
ing to their own peculiar, sedret, class and tribal governments,
tv/iereui is (heir supreme autliorilij and law, whieh they are fiirorn
hy horrible, blood-curdling, masonic oaths and penalties, to cherish
and obey!

What then becomes of our Government with these masons
in office ?

Where is there any standing room for it with them in
command ?

They cut it up and prostitute it as the}' do the marriage
relation, and wave it as another red rag — in another jjliase of
their play —to divert the sight and sense of the people, where-
by they are thus shaded to get in their deadly work in the
dark, thus working for universal conquest.

The religious phase and the polygamy rag of Mormonism
is but lightly considered by the more intelligent Mormons. It
is their Government that interests and attaches them. They do
not conceal this in individual discussion. They know the cor-
ruption and prostitution of our Government so well, that,
instead of joining to reform and clean it, they declare it an
"ignominious and hopeless failure."

And we must honestly concede that this is partly true.
For, with the boundless natural wealth from ocean to ocean,
the country even already- stocked with buffalo, elk, deer, fish
and turkey,— the mass of the people ought not to be mere
slaves to unrequited toil, corruption and tyranny. And could
not have been much less prosperous under any other form of
government.

The Mormons, indeed, even under their masonic-pagan
theocracy or kingdom, have been more prosperous than the
mass of real American citizens that have surrounded them.

This is also true of other secret masonic gangs elsewhere,
and among the p'^ople surrounding them.

But they have stabbed, drawn, sucked and fattened on the
heart's blood of the Government and the people.

Indeed, the prosperity of many an individual of the gang

^^.

Salt Lake City and Utah.

roproseuts the aowufall, ravage aiul misery of hundreds of the
people, — men, women and little children.

Such "prosperity'' (?) need not be boasted of to be be-
lieved. There are too many victims who too keenly /«'? and
fiu(fcr tlic/dct of such "prosperity" continually

At lieart they do not like or respect even the form, or the
groat and beautiful sentiment of our government, which is the
religion of real liberty loving Americans, who, in the face of
all history and suffering, will fight to maintain it, work and
vote to reform it, as their only hope for liberty and justice,
and ^yill never give it iip for any gang, though they irrigate the
ground with their blood !

Disdaining and detesting both the spirit and form of our
government, as not secret, selfish, pagan and kingly enough
for them, therefore, whenever they take part in it, it is not for
it to Avork evenly, or to reform it, or clean it of the gang ; but
to secretly conspire to corrupt, debauch and use it for a cat's-
paw to filch the people, and for a fortress to shield them against
their victims.

But while scheming and playing for place find power in it,
with brazen sarcasm, they sing patriotic songs and wave the
American flag.

k. strong, centralized government like England or Germany
might, if any, safely tolerate various foreign secret government
rings Avithin their own, as they cannot exert as much influence
and power there as in a republic. Yet these governments
have had to watch and keep down all secret, alien govern-
ments and rings within their own, in order to keep their own
power supreme and from being defietl and overthrown.

I believe, that belonging to any secret sworn brotherhood,
disqualifies a person for the holding of any public ofiice in
Germany and other governments in Europe, Central and South
America. Consequently Jews and other masons belonging to
secret alien governments, are punished for their crimes like
other people.

This has to he so in republics if they are to endure.

All who vote or hold office under the general or state govern-
ments, should be dependent on that government alone for
protection, justice and government ; so that all would be

All about the Mormons.

if the

le bc-

"l and

:)Y the
is the
ace of
•k and
lustice,
ate the

of ovxr
enough
not for

»g:

Init

a cut s-
agaiust

'er in it,
ave the

rermany
irnmeut
iiflixence
•uments
igovern-
>ir own

lerhood,
pffice in
i\ South
jgiug to
les like

Igovern-
nie ior
tuld be

interested in its reform and purity; making the one govorn-
meut simple, safe, supreme and (•vnili/JKsf (o all alike

Let those Avho are so Hellish, clannish, crafty, sly-snoaking
in the dark, grasping pagan and kingly as to not be satisfied
Avith this, live and do as other and legal aliens do. For, al'ens
and often traitors tlioy are.

"When had men combine [even by blood-curdling oaths
in the dark], the good must associate, else tliey will fall one
by one, an unpiticd sacrifice in a contemptihle struggle."

"A monarchy may be free, whilst a republic may be a
tyranny." "When " servile millions kiss the spoilers' rod, crouch
at their feet and tremble at their nod."

As to the Mcn-mon wing or phase of this vital subject, let
us not forget that, like other communities, multitudes and
orders, there are good, bad and indifterent people among them.
A Gentile might live and deal with them for years without any
trouble, if himself be just, and he does not oyipose their system.
Being friendly towards them, should he get into trouble with
another Gentile or a Mormon ; the Mormon courts, as well as
the other, are open to them. As they are both controlled by
the masons, they stand a better show for justice in the more
simple Mormon coiirt, and if justice is what they want, both
being Gentiles, they are cpaite surely satisfied with the result^
therein, which is not delayed, and they do not have to hiii/ it '
there being no "bar."

But if one is outspoken, or otherwise earnestly opposes
their secret order system of government, he does not stand the
ghost of a show for justice in Utah.

In the case of a Gentile against a Mormon, or a Mormon
against a Gentile, the outsider stands just the same show for
justice that he does outside of Utah in a court or courts con-
trolled by members of secret order brotherhood governments.

Any observer can know, and all voters should know, the
kind of a show that is, without learning by hard and miserable
experience.

" The whole machinery of the state, all the apparatus of

the system of government, and its varied workings, end in

simply bringing twelve good men into a box."

As a rule, the Mormons deal honestly among themselves ;

■'%

) w

^mm

Salt Lake City andUtah.

somctimoa, howevor, tlioy have to kill or imprison ono of their
numl)or for liorso stoaling, betrayal, or other crimes aj^ainst a
brotlier. They trausact thoir business and run their courts
without lawyers or other vermin, to -vvhich they owe much of
their prosperity anil peace. Itul this could he iloneju.st as well by
(he ]>r(>j>le under our ftjriH of (jocernment. No honest court re-
(juires a lawyer in or about it. And the same price paid for
tlieiv scalps by the state, as that now paid for more human and
less destructive vermin, would make them harmless.

Tlio Mormons have no orthodox or salaried preachers.
Everybody is expected to be able to render somethii.-; of a
moral speech in meeting, and, being raised to it, they are more
apt and able in that way than other congregations. They ab-
hor profanity, and think about all Geutilet; to be immoral and
profane. It was said by some, that I was the only Gentile they
knew, who was not profane. They toll of mules, gotten of
Gentiles, that could not be managed, or made to pull, unless
swore at by note.

Their poor and disti essed are liberally provided for f) om
a general fund ; there are none of them beggars.

A large portion of them are emigrants from other countries
and their children ; there are some from every section of the
United States and Canada. The fm-eigners are principally
English, Dunes, Welsh, Norwegians, etc. As the MoniKms
settled in Utau in 18i8, and were quite a body before in Mis-
souri and Illinois, a majority of them were " born in the church"
or order, and on American soil. They are masons therefore
more of necessity than of choice, —which cannot be said of
Gentile masons, etc. They are now about 300,000 strong.

The founders, chiefs, etc., were and ar< Yi.tni 'ree-raasons.
They can pay to their brethren in ( nff;.;ss, courts and army
big sums of money for bribery ses and t^eir mutual

masonic obligations, and death i ities for beti .yal insures
secrecy and safety ; and they are buu 1 to -sist their brethren
without pay.

The Mormon endowment house ceremonies, oaths, oblig -
tions, penalties, etc., etc., are masonic.

The founders of the church-order set themselves up as an-
other Moses or Mohammed, and their Sunday school books

as an-
kl books

/,M 'K'

^ fl.

mm h

W¥0 %

•<

^' /■'

Salt Lake City and Utah.

teaoli it as truth as to Moses. Their secret order " church " is,
like other specriative or spurious masonry, fouucled on hum-
bug pagan "riysteries." Their bible being discovered and
attached with about the same silly legend as that of the "Great-
est j?wel and mystery" of speculative masonry.

They have the "mystery" bible of their own, but use ours
J. rincipally, in which they are well versed. They have much
of it memorized. Thoy are much given to prayer, and always
pray for salvation througii Jesus. Not all of their dignitaries
practice polygamy, and, according to the records of the "courts
of justice," there are but few cases of polygamy in Utah. But
according to my observations and more reliable information
than ring-ridden courts, about one married man in ten of them
is a polygamist. Though, for saying this of any one of them,
he could prosectite me for libel at the people's expense, and
say, " Dami\ you, prove it," and I could not establish the plain
fact in the courts. Such is their secret influence and power at
court. And it is as wide and extensive as masonry.

The greatest comfort and protection a polygamist's wife has
is in her children (they call the other wives of their father
"aunt"). A boy will not see his mother abused or discarded
if ha can help it, Avhich they often do. Still several sisters will
frequently marry one man, one after the other, and the latter
ones ought to know pretty near what they are about— as near
a? you or I could tell them.

Those of the saints who have travelled about and abroad,
preach of the immorality and depravity, and dangers of the
outside world, and — like in other secret lodges — picture Utah
and the folds of the order as the only place where virtue and
truth is regarded and protected.

They also make it appear, that all those who have taken an
active part against them at any time, have been accursed by
God and man ; that many of them have repented, and beg of
them in humility and tears for mercy and forgiveness.

If according to the courts there is so little polygamy in
Utah, or if it be no crime ; nor a crime to make fin occasional
killing and tribute against outsiders — as is done by the gang
everywhere with impunity— then the Mormons are an except-
ionally moral, virtuous, civil, cheerful, industrious and prosper-

li "i

All about the Mormons.

n'oad,

)f the

XJtali

le and

ten an
k\ by
)eg of

aiy in
Isional
gang
icept-
losper-

ous people. By the court records they are most exception-
ally virtuous. And if these questionable deeds are the
work of a small element only, •which I believe to be the case,
then they are that anyway, and in truth.

Ill four respects the Mormons are as far in advance of
the Gentiles, as John BroAvn Avas of the republican party.

First. — In that they permit no gaugs of parasites or artful
tricksters to practice among them, so they all know and
understand their laws alike ; cases are judged and decided on
their merits ; and not being so many middlemen, they get the
jjrofit of their labor.

Second.— They first made woman suffrage universal, and
they were no more "insulted" at the polls in Utah than at the
post-offices. Those who would keep politics too secret, corrupt
and unclean for their wives, sisters and daughters to know or
touch, when their welfare and happiness is so greatly depend-
ent on its purity, and who think it more out of place for an
American woman to vote, than for an English woman to be
chief ruler and make political speeches, should not complain
when they reap the result.

Third. — They carry out and enforce their temperance
principles and laws, without flaws, quir^is or foolishness.
There are hardly any saloons, gambling, or prostitution known
in their community.

Fourth. — In their management of the Indians.

And yet, an outsider really has not equal security or even
justice anywhere where their alien government or secret in-
fluence controls the government or courts, as could be vividly
shown by the miserable experience of many falsely imprisoned,
or robbed of their property, and by the bleached bones of so
many others that have been " run over the ridge."

Having, by secret intrigue, conquered the United States
Army, etc., Avhen in their infancy, and Congress and the courts
ever sincC; they have strong hopes of complete control and of
universal conquest. Polygamy is their vol rag in the conflict.

a' *''')

1:1

CHAPTER IV.

Travellers I met in I' tali. — Leave Utah for the Los Angeles, Cal., country.
— The company I travel -with. — Danites. — Tlif luiliaus on the road. —
A Mormon "miracle." — Indian dialect. — Sand storm. — A mine in the
desert. — The region from St. George to California. — Arizona. — San
Bernardino. — Los Angeles, and tlmt country. — Climate, soil, people
and business in 18G7 and 1S8A. — Laud, titles, etc.

On the I'oads, or hj the ways in Utah, I met, or fell in with —
besides the local travel — wandering Gentiles like myself, army
deserters — who were aided hy the Mormons, as they hate and
detest the Government they prostitnte — companies of miners
on horse- and mnle-back, with camping outfits, from Montana,
Idaho, Arizona, Mexico and other sections, hound for other
fields abounding in riches for them, in tlieir imaginations and
faith. Years afterwards I again met some of the very same in
other places, they were still prospecting.

Soon aft(n' returning to St. George with my load of salt, in
January 18(57, I left the Mormon country for Los Angeles,
Southern California, 450 miles distant from St. George, and 800
miles from Salt Lake City, much of which is wagon-wheel
measurement.

The company I travelled with was composed of three
Mormons with their families, going to join another wing of the
church which is presided over by a son of the prophet Jf)seph
Smith, and is gathered principally at St. Cernardino, Cal., —
they do not practice polygamy, which, I may here state, is not
taught in the teachings of Joseph Smith, tlieir founder. They
considered it prudent to call their departure " a visit," until
they got well on their journey, on account of the Danites of
masonry. Also a wandering Canadian; a mining expert — on
his way to report to his company at San Francisco as to the
mines recently discovered in south-eastern Nevada ; and Mr.
Clark, with a hand, as he had two wagons with six-horse teams.
He was chief of the party : a Mormon and polygamist, a clever
man of exceptional large and wide practical intelligence and
experience in the West and the Avorld. Was going to L(js
Angeles for some stores and general store-goods for himself

California.

('):3

salt, in
Vngeles,
ami 800

aud neighbors. Had made the round trip to Los Angeles from
Salt Lake or other settlements over this route twenty times ou
the same kind of business.

The Lulians living on the road, knowing him as their friend
aud customer, were glad to see him and called him "Dan."
He left corn with them — giving them a portion — to feed on his
v.Hi.rn; as we were now travelling over a vast mountainous,
never to be reclaimed desert waste, destitute of soil, grass and
even sage-brush in large jiortions of it for 250 miles, and very-
destitute of water, so each wagon was provided with a barrel
for carrying water, and the animals had sometimes to do with
corn or barley, without water or grass.

At the springs and camping places are living or camping
little bands of the most destitute and degraded Indians I had
or have ever seen. They live mostly on a species of cactus,
roots, snakes, lizards, etc. The shelled corn we gave them
they woiild but slightly roast in the ashes, and Hour they
would make into a half cooked mush, and the whole group, big
aud little, eat it hot out of the kettle with their delicate tiiigers,
which they apparently never wash. Are composed lai'gely of
renegades from dillereut regular tribes, they being in bad
standing aud more or less out-lawed.

"Whenever we made a camp where there was some grass
anywhere near, "Dan" would have the Indians turn over their
bows (backed with sinew) and arrows (their only weapons) to
him, and then turn our stock over to them to take out to grass,
herd, and bring them in in the morning, saying, that if they
wanted to run them off, they would do so anyway, and were more
apt to steal them if he acted more distrixstful towards them by
the little guarding that we coiild do in a part of us going with
them ; besides, they valued him as an old friend and regular
customer. He had always thus trusted even these renegades,
and they had never betrayed him. And it was their country —
all they had in the world.

After leaving St. George we forded the Eio Virgin river
twenty-eight times— sometimes following in the qiiick-sand
bed of it for a road — before we left it to climb the big hill to
the west. This done, we had to return the stock way down
back to the river for grass and water, as it was twenty-five miles

Utah to Arizona.

W^Sm

to the next water and grass, over a rocky waste, which camp was
on the stream Muddy, that was settled on far to the south-east
by the Mormons. Forty or fifty hard looking and nearly naked
Indians gathered about us here, as was the case at the camping
places beyond.

The next stretch to water was about seventy miles to Vagas
creek. Then water got so plenty that there was a little spring
every twenty or thirty miles, till we got to a forty-five mile
stretch, and there was no feed for three or four miles around
the end of it.

The next dry stretch was fifty miles, followed by one of
only thirty-five, which brought us down to the Mohave creek,
where it was called the "fork of the road." (1(50 miles from Los
Angeles). One fork leading south into Arizona to Camp
Cada, Prescot, etc. It being travelled by big freight teams,
with five hundred dollar wagons, having high wheels and tires
four or five inc^^es wide for the burning sands of this Colorado
desert, and often loaded with even hay for government stock
hundreds of miles away in Arizona; government trains and
troops, to rob the Indians out of such a country, and to enrich
the gang ; a stage-coach and the mail, prospectors' outfits, etc.

We took the other fork leading to the sea shore.

We passed — aliout a hundred miles back in the desert— an
abandoned barren quartz mine, that had been extensively
prospected with shafts, tunnels, etc. ; and this without an
expensive quartz mill. In order to sell mining stock, it is
usually necessary to buy and be at work on a big mill — the
bigger the better — as an assurance that the thing will pay to
work.

While the Sheriff was returning to San Bernardino from
attaching the mine (?) for labor and supplies - as is also the
usual thing — he was killed by the Indiaus.

A child in our party was taken sick so bad, Ave thought it
would die on the road ; so the brethren gathered around it
and perforni(>d their sacred rite of " Laying on of hands " with
praj^er ; and as in a day or two the little saint Avas running
about, their faith was kept whole. This "miracle" maybe in
their Sunday-school books now, and highly colored, to
strengthen the faith of future generations.

California.

p was
i-east
laked
aping

Vaj:;as
spring
i mile
i,round

oue of

creek,
)in Los

Camp

teams,
1(1 tives
dorado
it stock
ins aud
:> enricli
its, etc.

ert— an
eusivelv
lout an
k, it is
lill— tlie
pay to

luo from
ilso tlie

louglit it
found it
■ witli
1 riinuiu^
lay 1)6 iu
lored, to

One of the party had an iron ex-wagon, and of course on a
rough road an axle was broken off at the shoulder. But these
western mountaineers are never put back much by a mishap of
that kind. In this case an unnecessary bar of iron was soon
taken off the wagon, run through the wheel, and lashed to the
axle. These people will set wagon tires on the road, shoe
stock, make and fit most any part of a wagon without tools,
except an ax, bit, chisel and monkey-wrench.

Some Piute Indian words :— crovio — horse; murat — mule ;
nepute or ninuie — little ; kawit— not any ; tu-wich — very much;
tiri- -tired ; sco-ri — cold ; shangry — hungry ; pe-up — big ; wino
— good ; spits — spring ; congaroo — run or go fast ; shot-cup —
food ; muggi — give me ; pe-nacka — mineral ; camusha — another;
napeas — money ; oma— you.

The bottom of the Mohave (moharvey), along which we
travelled for many miles, was settled in a rude way by hard
looking citizens, who kept some little accommodations, canned
fruits and other goods for sale, as are usually found at
frequented camping places on the much travelled roads in the
West.

The atmosphere was now more humid, mellow, and on ac-
count of the change, which in itself is invigorating, it was more
bracing, and was so delightful and spring-like from here on to
the coast, that I have often regretted that my lot was not cast
iu such a lovely clime and country.

"Wild budding grape vines, green grass, — in places all
over the ground, — flowers, trees, and even flowing water aud
singing birds could now be appreciated by us and enjoyed.

No wonder Mohammed had the Moslem heaven well sup-
plied with beautiful shaded rivers, green grass and flowers.

A sand storm on the Mohave clouded the picture for a
day, so we had to lay over on account of it.

A few days travel now and we had reached and passed
over the Sierra Nevada mountain range, ind were iu San
Bernardino, where we tarried a day or two.

This place contained (18G7) about four thousand inhabit-
ants, of Mormons, Gentiles and Mexicans, the latter being
Gentiles also. It is in a valley made fertile and enjoyable by
a semi-tropical climate and a good supply of water. Wood and
6

I 1 'f-^i

*j m

I' '

Utah to Arizona.

saw timber is also plentiful on the mountain near by, which is
a raro advantage over most other places in this climate. It has
the " wood water and grass," that the miner and camping
traveller so often inquires about, also the soil necessary for
independent homes.

This site w<as included in a Mexican grant, and was bought
by the Mormons in early days, for a settlement of their own.
But at the time the army entered Utah to fight the Mormons
and enforce the United States laws, — as was supposed by out-
siders—and the Mountain-Meadow massacre, and other tributes
were levied against outsiders by the secret government, of
which these Mormons were subjects, the anger of the Gentiles
here-abouts, together with a call or order from the Grand
Worthy head of their government, made them abandon their
homes here and travel in haste to join their brother subjects in
arms, at Salt Lake and beyond.

Notwithstanding the great disparity in numbers, arms and
equipments at that time, they say " we thought that v/e might
have to tvJiip the United States Army." However, the Mormons
would fight, if diplomacy, secret influence and intrigue failed in
securing their enlargement ; which is not probable, so long as
they can meet on their level so many secret brethren in the
United States Government and courts, who are secretly sworn
to befriend them.

I met and talked with parties on the road, here, and at Los
Angeles, who had had experience in Arizona. Many of them
would praise that country as rich in minerals (and perhaps it
is in a few little spots) and in fertile valleys, saying, they would
soon return to their valuable prospects or interests there, etc.
But on close acquaintance they would curse and swear and
paw the ground, declaring that any one who could be deluded
to tJiinJc of living, or making anything legitimately in such a God-
forsaken, howling, burning wilderness — " where it rains only
sand, and the only vegetation is thorns and thistles, which
differ only in variety" — should be assisted in their going, and
learn their folly as they had done. And the phrase "Arizona
liar" was a common one. Instead of giving the lie direct, one
need only ask the gentleman "if he had been to Arizona."

I now comprehended the enticing tales like that of the

of the

i*!" '

f ^-4

H ,/

California.

'I-

"bullets of gold shot by the Apaches," — the "rich mines
worked and left by the Aztecs," or later by others " driven out
by Indians," etc., etc. Afterwards I knew different parties,
well equipped with animals, arms, provisions, money, etc., to
spend many months in prospecting there, but they always left
it, dead-broke, disgusted and often on foot.

It seemed there was no way to learn the truth of that
section, except by experience or instinct alone. How would I
know that the army officers, other officials, editors, judges, and
other prominent and respected men in the West, were "Arizona
liars." Our parents and books did not teach it ; our lecturers
and preachers did not preach it, and the papers would
deny it. It seems there should be somebody, to write plain,
l)iuctical and truthful accounts of places, men and things, even
if they are ridiculed and stabbed and nobody care.
" Truth ever lovely since the world began,
The foe of tyrants and the friend of man."

I noticed much good country between San Bernardino and
Los Angeles — sixty miles — but little of it was then in cultiva-
tion. Much of this land could then be bought for ten, fifteen or
twenty dollars per acre, now it is from one to two hundred dollars
an acre. The soil is mostly a bed of sand, but with water it can
be made to blossom as a Moslem paradise. There are some
spots, however, where corn and other grain and fruits are grown
in great abundance without irrigation. A few miles East of
Los Angeles I remember riding over a level sage-brush and
cactus stretch of several miles in extent, and also over the roll-
ing hills between town and the sea, which were thickly covered
with a kind of wild rank clover ' up to my knees,' which, how-
ever, would be dried up in April or May.

The streets of Los Angeles (Lost Angels) follow the wind-
ings of old stock trails, but there were some fine brick buildings
and residences with tropical trees and gardens, that are lovely,
indeed.

Los Angeles was an old Mexican town of six or seven
thousand inhabitants. I think a majority in the county was
then (1867) Mexicans, Indians, Chinamen, etc., and that the
sheriff was a Mexican. The moneyed men were Jews and
secret-ring army contractors, who were making big fortunes

? -^'

uautmrnmuioiitaiiam

Bines
n out
irties,

be, to
'9 left

E that

3UldI

58, and
Li'i/ona
cturers
would
> plain,
8, even

ino and
cultiva-
ifteen or
I dollars
er it can
re some
grown
last of
sh and
the roll-
covered
n, how-

Bie wind-

uildings

lovely,

,r seven

nty was

that the

5W8 and

[fortunes

pa
o

CALIFOnNIA.

out of the people in their contracts for cavahy ho .'Sfts and all
kinds of supplies, and the freighting of it into Arizona and else-
where (the government spent about 4,000,000 dollars in this
way, at this point, each year) ; and they acquired large bodies
of land and other valuable properties accordingly.

Common labor was twenty-five dollars a month. At some
out-of-the-way places and at the saw-mills near San Bernardino
labor was from fovty to fifty dollars a month, and the favored
contractors woitld sometimes allow outside freighters to make
a few dollars by sab-contract and doing the work.

The Mexican population were mostly engaged in cattle,
horses and sheep.

Mustangs — the common horses of the country — were sold
by the band for about seven dollars a head. Large droves were
being driven to the territories and the states ; were worked in-
to the government service at round prices, and stage companies
all over the coast were using them largely.

In exceptional dry seasons the poorest of the horses have
been driven ovev bluffs into the sea by the thousand, to save
the feed for other stock. At such times, where the ranges are
over-stocked, cattle, horses and sheep die by the many thou-
sand in summer ; the same as they more frequently do in
winter on the ranges of the north-west.

" Los Angeles, January 11th, 1884.
Southern Cahfornia, owing to its climatic position, being
midway between the temperate and tropical, is known as Semi-
Tropic California. It has about 280 miles of sea coast, with an
average of 40 miles in width. This city is the commercial center
of Southern California There are three things that soon at-
tract the attention of new comers. They are, the mild, salubrious
climate, the wonderful productions of the soil and the beauty of
the scenery. In si)eaking of the first, we notice from the signal
service record that the average temperature of winter for six
years was 52 degrees; for summer G7 degrees. The average
difference between winter and summer is but 15 degrees. The
temperature seldom gets to the freezing point in winter, or to 100
m summer. The cool sea breeze in summer gives an eveness to
the temperature. There is really neither winter nor summer here
but year in and year out is one continual season, similar to the

being
IS Semi-
with an
center
soon at-
ubrious
lauty of
signal
for six
laverage
IS. The
|r to 100
eness to
tier here
Li- to the

O
EC

I— I

(1.

I III

\ 41 :

Ca 1,1 FORM A.

Indian siunmor of thn Eastern Staffs. Flowers bloom in i)ro-
fiision all the year; and, as an evidence that bnt little cold
weather is experienced, we see sub-tropical plants growing out
doors in the yards and hedges; geraniunu and French roses bud
and bloom all through the year. Tonuitoes bear all tin; year and
for two or three years on the same vines. Castor Ix^ans continue
to gi'ow and bloom from y(!ar to year, until the stocks get to be
as much as six inc^hes in diameter. Sorghum continues to grow
from the same stock for years. Kip(i strawbtjrrys are gathered
every month in the year. All kinds of garden vegetaldes grow all
the yeai'. " Spring chickens" are a misnomer here, for they are
raised all the year round.

The lawns, fields and bluffs are greenest in the wintermonths,
and more hay is fed in the summer, when the earth is dry and

parched, than in the winter The larger tracts of land are

being subdivided into five, ten and twenty acre lots, and sold to
settlers for fruit raising purposes. In this way the country is
settling up vt-ry thickly. The lands within five miles of the city
sell, unimproved, for ] 00 to 300 dollars per acre ; when improved
and set in trees or vines, and having had five or six years' cultiva-
tion, with good dwelling and nice surroundings, they will sell at

f rf>m 800 to 1000 dollars per acre Evergreen trees grow here

all the year. The range of I'ugged mountains to the north or
northeast, with tlieir peaks covered with snow, and the blue ocean
and magnificent sunsets to the south and southwest, is a fitting
margin to the intervening picture. Upon a high eminence in the
city we get a ■^'iew of the surrounding country. A circle of three
miles in each direction from the court house will almost take in
the (;ity limits, — not all built up yet, but witliin that radius are
25,000 inhabitants. The sight is a lovely one. Many fine, palatial
residences, with surroundings lovely as an idea, and thousands of
acres stretching far away, thickly studded with orange, lemon,
lime, olive, palm, cedar and cypress trees, with numerous semi-
tropical plants, flowers and vines, make the scene one of rare

beaixty Large orchards of the English walnut, almond and

other nut-bearing trees are quite common. A part of the city is
built upon the bluffs, from whence a grand view of the surround-
ing country can be had. The transfers of real estate within the
city and county for the last two years foot up about 20,000,000
dollars.

J. S. F."

th or
ocean
fitting
in the
three
ake in
us are
alatial
nds of
em on,
semi-
f rare
d and
city is
ound-
in the
100,000

|i J

(73)

WTT^

i^'^:

California.

There are now many smaller towns, bnt similar to Iios
Angeles, throughout this section. Wells are bored and dug,
find wind mills largely used in irrigating the land. And all the
running \;'ater is appropriated for the same purj)ose.

Notwithstanding the a])parent and real natural advantages
of this section of country, the people, as a rule, were not pros-
porous and conleuted. Secret gangs of lawyers in conjunction
with brethren in office in the State and at Washington, had con-
spired to cloud, mix, disturb and shatter the regular and legal
titles to the greater part of the lands in the State; and to then,
with the courts (composed of themselves), wring tribute on tri-
bute from every man, woman and child who Avould own and till
the soil.

"Yes," some said to me, " one can buy land here, but he
never knows when he is done buying it, or when the title is
settled for certain ; tliat is all with the lawyers and courts, and
is never really settled." " Doubt, inseciirity, retarded progress,
litigation without end, hatred, destruction of property, expendi-
ture of money, blood-shed, all these have resulted."

If ever is truly written a complete history of but the land
troubles in California alone, it will be wondered that
lawyers are not outlawed and destroyed — not as men but as
snakes, wolves and pests to society.

" The man of law

Cunningly could he quibble out a liaw,
And scratch men's scabs to idccrs."

HHtrr Miiti fnOM lOS ANGCLtS.'OtlNff 9 !T'«

_ Mum? Sf<f ft. iM A^tfl». P^UiCCP '^P6

^■l5SlON S*N ,UAU C'4»i5IltAU5. JOMIlEI 1

:,'.;;iri6. s*N LOUIS H£ir MissiONHO Miies sourM, rcu^tao I'si

TttOPicAL PLA^^^s and Hihtorical Buildings.

; \

(7.-))

•' V

.lliv.

CHAPTER V.

Ijeave Loh Augclos for a now mining caniii in Nevada. — Tlio stock of a
train caiitnred 1iy Indians. — " Death Yallev. " — Eighty-seven families,
stock, etc., perish. — The surrounding region and its i^roducts. — How
teamsters are revenged.-— Comprehensive description of the mining
cami).^ — " Hnrrah ! linrrah ! we liave .struck it, hurrah!!" — A big
Indian. — How Mining Co. officials st(>al. — Indian and Avhite men
hung. — The mode of government and trial. — Wages, living, business.
etc. — The geological formation of mineral lodes, veins, fi.ssures, etc.,
and placer mines. — Prospecting for and locating claims. — The right
time to sell, etc. — Why mines are guarded with rifles. — Huw stock
companies oi)erate. — Why newsjiaper accounts of mines are not re-
liable. — The real i)rices jiaid for mines. — How stock, etc., is made to
sell. — One and a half year's experience.

At Los Angeles I formed the acquaintance of an agent of a
mining company ; he was forwarding by freiglit wagons a
quartz-mill and supplies to their "rich and extensive mines '
at Pah Ranagat in south-eastern Nevada. This was a new and
glowing mining district then — at a distance, and he easily in-
duced me to go to the mines with the train having the
machinery. I was to run the engine of the mill at eight dollars
a day.

Mr. Agent remained behind a few days to start and ac-
company an outfit of four wagons, four men, and thirty -five or
forty mules and horses, with mining supplies. When on their
journey, having camped for the night at an alkali spring on the
desert, about 250 miles out from Los Angeles, two of the men
being out Avith the stock, some Indians swooped in on them
and run them off, to eat them ; except two that struck for
camp (as is quite usual), and one that was tied to a wagon.

Then three of the party stayed with the wagons, while the
ether two returned and procured other animals.

" Yet happier those we name (nor name we wrong),
Who the rough seas of stormy life along
Have sailed contented ; by experience taught
Those ills to suffer, whicli their errors (or their fate)

had brought.
W^ith placid hopes each torturing pang ln'guile,
AjuI welcome every sorrow with a smile.''

(76J

Mining Camps.

We travelled a diflfereut road part of the way to San Ber-
nardino, then took the same I have described, for abont 250
miles, when Ave turned north for about 200 miles (wagon wheel
measurement), to the mining camp of "great possiliilities."

After leaving the Mormon road, we found water at from
twenty -five to forty-five miles travel — one of the stretches being
tliirty-five miles. Passed along the border of Death Valley,
said to be below the sea level.

*'The Valley of Death. — A spot almost as tei-ribh; as tlie
prophet's ' valley of dry Ijones,' lies just nortli of the old Mormon
road to ('alifornia - a region thirty miles long l>y thirty broad,
and surrounded, except at two points, by ina(!cessible mountains.
It is totally devoid of water and vegetation, and the shadow of a
bird or wild beast never darkejis its white, glaring sands. The
Kansas Pacific railroad engineers discovered |?] it, and some
jiajicrs, which show the fate of the "lost Montgomery train,"
wlii(;h came south from Salt Lake in IS.")!), guided by a Mormon.
When near Death Valley, some came to the conclusion that the
3Iornion knew nothing of the country, so they appointed one of
their nximber a leader, and broke off from their party. The leader
turned due west, and so, with the people and wagons and the
fl'K'ks, lie travelled three days and tlien descended into the broad
valley, whose treacliei'ous mirage promised water. They reached
tin centei', biit oidy the white sands, bounded l)y scorching peaks,
met theJT gaze. And around the valley they wandered, and one
by one the men died. And the jianting Hocks stre^ lieu them-
selves in death under the hot sun. The childi'en, crying for
water, di»^d at their mothers' breasts, and, with swollen tongues
and ourniug vitals, the mothers followed. Wagon after wagon
was abandoned, and strong men tottered and raved and died.
After a week's wandering, a dozen survivors found some water in
ihc hollow of a mountain. It busted but a short time, Avlieii all
pei'ished but two, who escaped out of the valley and folh.wed tlu-
trail of their former companions. Eighty-seven families, with
hundreds of animals, jierished here ; and now, after twenty-two
years, the wagons stand .still, complete, the iron-works and tires
are bright, and the shrivelled skeletons lie side l»y side.''

This region produces many varieties of cactus ; some being
a foot in diameter and about twenty feet high, and in spots
like a thick forest. The dead trunks made good camp tires.

" !'-."

ill

■'«

} I

California to Nevada.

There is alkali and soda in extensive banks and quite pure,
so that, when it rains, the Avater running from it looks like
milk. There is also petrified wood, chalk hills, vulcano craters
and lava flows, and dry lakes, five to ten miles in extent, smooth
and hard as a floor.

Lizards, centipedes and Indians bask in the sunshine, each
apparently contented with his lot, and sometimes there are vast
swarms of grasshoppers, but they fly away.

It was said, that the freighter Avho brought the mill, had
the faculty of tricking his men out of their wages, so that on
reaching Salt Lake they stole the burrs from his wagons in
revenge.

I found a mining district, and a county (Lincoln) had been
organized, embracing the mountain spur, containug the mineral
bearing quartz rock, — the highest peak (which was composed
ol barren quartz) being some 9000 feet above the sea— a small
watered valley, fit for farming and stock raising, ten or twelve
miles away, having large flowing hot sulphur springs, and
enough of the adjacent country for an extensive grasshopper
and lizard range, and to show big on a map.

There were five little camps ; three being in the mountain,
and two in the valley, — one of which was the county seat
and the other had Avanted to be. They each having water —
both hot and cold. One of the three camps in the mountain
was supplied with water from a spring, three or four miles
away, at ten cents a gallon ; each of the other two had small
springs.

There was some timber (pine) on the mountain, and lum-
ber was Avhip-sawed for $150 a thousand feet, also a good deal
of scrub-nut-pine for fuel and producing food for the Indians.

The district contained a migratory, ever changing popu-
lation of about 250 men, from every quarter and station ; less
than a dozen women and children, and the usual complement
of Indians.

These Indians are simple as children, and degraded in
their habits, but as proud, patriotic and jealous of their posses-
sions and fame, as a suV)ject of the white Mormon secret state.
Their chief had recently met the Governor of the State
(Nevada), and to impress him with their equal importance,

H
P

.. ^

. 1 \

\ 1

1 .^

fit'

.< iliiil

Caufornia to Nevada.

aclclressed liim thus: — "Yoi; big chief: 3Ie big chief too;
You OAVu Yirgiuia City, Austin, Carson, etc., etc, : Me own all
of this, that, anil the other mountain, and all of these valleys,
waterSj etc., etc. ; You heap big sou of a b — h : 3fe all the same."

There were now three quartz mills in the district, with
more to follow, and most everybody had "feet" in mining
claims. One had sold for $50,000, and they were singing,
"Irarrah! hurrah!! Ave have struck it, hurrah!!! the Gentiles
have struck it in southern Utah." It was at first thought to
be in Utah.

Miners' Avages Avere six dollars a day, mechanics' eight
dollars, and boss mill builders' tAventy dollars. But there Avas
not much employment to be had ; there being ahvays an oa'O"
supply of men, and the pay Avas mighty uncertain.

Merchants charged, on an average, about 300 per cent.
profit on their goods, expecting this to be somewhat reduced
by bad debts, as credit is stddom I'efused.

There Avas no smaller change than tAventy-five cents, Avhich
was the price of drinks, etc. Board, fourteen dollars a Aveek,
though ''baching" Avas the rule at an expense of about one dollar
a day. Flour, thirteen dollars a hundred pounds. Sugar,
butter, coifee, at seventy-five cents a pound. Boots, thirteen
dollars a pah*. Grain and potatoes, ten cents a pound. Hay,
fifty dollars a ton. Wagon spokes and ax handles, one dollar
to one dollar and a half each. Hard lumber, one dollar and a
half per square foot. There Avere similar mining camps, l;")ii
miles and more away ; and Mormon settlements as near as 175
miles, Avhich sent in their produce. The Mormons like to have
mining camps spring up around them, for the market they
afford them. They thus got six dollars a bushel for all their
surplus wheat for seA'eral years, other produce in pro-
poi-tioi\> The mines, and the California and Oregon bound
emigration trains, and United States troops constituted their
market!^.

The Moi'mous uev^r mine themselves, except for Avages.
The counsi4 ot the order being against investing any money in
i»mes *, kuoA\ uig, that as a business it does not begin to pay,
<*jtce]>4i Mith other people's money.

^here being no home influences or comforts in mining

Mixing Camps.

camps, the saloons are the iiuiversal place of resort, for com-
pauy, business and pleasure. Stores and saloons are frequently
connected. And all men are expected, as good citizens, to con-
tribute towards making things lively and times good for those
^vho do not work, by spending their money for whiskey, in
giiinbling, and at the stores. Those who woiild do so freely,
Hud iu advance, stood the first show for employment, — as good
as those who were secret ring brethren. An employer could
thus throw money into the pockets of brethren behind the
counters and tables. Men seeking employment, on going to
such places, should be broke and forthwith run saloon and
hoard bills, and let them hustle up jobs for them.

Mining superintendents get a salary of about §5000 a year,
and what they can safely steal ; Avhich is in proportion to the
amount of business done and money handled. They are usually
ring brethren of the chief men of the company, with no business
ability or character necessary for legitimate success ; but they
must be cunning in their stealing and trustworthy in dividing.
Expenses incurred are largely increased in the books, this is
one of their ways. I knew the bookkeeper of a management
that had him add one hundred per cent, to all expenses, or so
it would average that. $100,000 expended in a quartz mill, can
be made to blossom into $370,911.09 in the books to the out-
side stock hohlers ; other expenses likewise.

Tliere were state and county ring machines of government
here, but they were discarded b}- the people for the government
of the plains — ^carried in every man's pocket, or swung to his
belt. For exami)le : — an Indian having killed a white man,
was, with others, captured, tried without lawbooks or laAvyers,
and hung ; the others l)eing acquitted.

A white man, of considerable eminence in the states,
murdered another for his money ; he was likewise given a fair,
open trial and hung.

An employer undertakes to trick his men out of their
money; knowing that he has it, one of them presents a pistol at
bis head, with the j^ropositiou to pay or die — he pays.

A boisteroias desperado undertakes to "run the town,"
runs against some quiet little man, who kills him in his disgust
at the cowardice of the famed bullies and toughs of the camp.
6

, 5

8-i

California to Nkvada.

The people were not afraid of, or prejiidiced against the
professional gambler and sharp, bnt they had no nse for
the mysterious midnight trickster and confidence man.

I have noticed that the more frank, generous and honorable
of men, who have had experience with the different govern-
ments, prefer this government " by the people, for the people,"
to tlint of gangs of lawyers ; because secret gangs do not protect
what honest industry procui'es.

While the selfish, grasping, criminal natures, who would
get on by secret intrigue and the misery they make, are wed-
ded to the lawyer gang system.

''Tlicy aiv never happy, except when they destroy
The comfort and blessing which others enjoy."

As to the geological f(n'mation of mineral lodes, veins or
deposits, let the curious, as to this, imagine a mountain in a
molten state ; then towards and at the surface it has become
cool and hardened, with a seething, blubbering mass of molten
quartz, mingled with mineral, shaken, settled or run together,
still in a state of volcanic action underneath in the bowels of
the mountain ; the volcanic action, being now more confined,
becomes more violent, and the mountain above cracks open, in
one or more fissures or cracks ; the seething, blubbering mass
of quartz-rock and mineral boils and spiirts up into the fissures
or cracks, till their sides ( " wall rock ") are smooth as glass ; it
finally cools and hardens there into solid mineral-bearing
quartz-rock. If it is pressed, spurted, or flows out at the sur-
face of the cracks, then out-croppings are formed, and bowlders
and bodies of this mineral-mixed lava are mingled Avith the
surrounding surface of the mountain ; perhaps, in time, this is
parti}' or completely covered with other rock, soil and vegeta-
tion. Usually it appears that nearly, or all of the minei'al-bear-
ing rock had thus flowed out and scattered about, and the
fissures or cracks had then settled back or closed from beneath,
or else filled up with ordinary rock or lava, which may crop
out and be scattered about also. Or the fissures, cracks, may
be filled with quartz, barren of mineral ; nearly so, or except in
spots (called " bonanzas " or " pockets "), or except in perpen-
dicidar streaks (called "chimneys"). There are plent}' of ledges,
fissixres, etc., in quartz and mining districts that are not loded

MiNiNO CvMrf=i.

i-eius or
ain in a
becoiue
molten
ogetlier,
owels of
3onfineil,
open, in
\\(f mass
fissures
[glass; it
bearing
the sur-
bowlders
Iwitli tlie
, tliis is
vegeta-
Iral-bear-
and tlie
beneath,
ay crop
,cks, may
ijLcept ill
perpen-
if ledges,
ot loded

witli metal. Bnt gold and silver is iis\ially formed or mixed
with the character of rock, called cpiurtz.

These cracks, fissures or lodes may bo very deep, farther
down than has over been readied by man, (abont -4000 foot).
When deep, they are called friip fissure veins, and trond in
direction with the range of mountain - usually northerly and
southerly. But they usuall}' contract witli depth, " pinoh " or
"peter out" at a short distance below the surface ; this is most
always the case, if rich in tlie precious metals, otherwise they
would not be preoious. If there is no out-cropping to a ledge
or lode, and it is covered with the country or common rook, or
with ground, it is called a " blind lodge " or lode. Imagine
again, that the mountain, ou cooling, had many surface cracks
or seams (which, when loading to or springing from a main or
larger one, are called "spurs") and also cavities, cavos and
pockt'ts, and that a portion of these are filled with the flowing
iuul rolling cpiart/, more or less mixed with mineral.

In lead districts, molten lead and rock seems to have flow-
ed for many miles, filling up the holes and low places in the
way. Afterwards, other flows of lava have more or less covered
these deposits and formed stratas of rock ov(>r them. After-
wards, earth-quakes and the wear oi Avatiu' may have changed
the lay of the land.

In a mineral district, the ledges (u- veins of quartz-rock —
either barren or containing valuable mineral, such as gold,
silver, copper, lead, etc., — also all of the bowlders, scattered
bodies, filled cracks, holes, deposits, etc., showing signs of
iiuuoral, are, when discovered, each located as a mining claim
and recorded. A mining claim may (in late years) embrace as
much as twenty acres of ground.

The richest rock is, as a rule, foimd at or near the siirface
of the ledge ; though richer pockets may be fcnind deeper down.
The rich rock of the "bonanzas " struck deep in the groat com-
stock, was very low grade, compared with that found at the
surface of the ledge.

When one has a quartz claim and can find a man with
money, who thinks the rock will improve, or that the ledge will
widen out as depth is attained, .sell it to hhn, quick.

However, it the rock will pay to work, he and his partner

\i '■.

I ti

ilk

i I

Califokn'ia to Nkvada.

can blast it out and sell it on the tlninp ; have it worked by
some one of the mills that are already, or will be, bnilt, if there
is a prospect of innch pa}' rock anywhere around. Or, if it is
rock that is not difficult to work, they can ])nt up an erasta,
hitch their horses to it, and work a ton or two of rock a day
themselves. But a claim tJiat has really good prospects in
sight, can be sold, for more tlian it is worth to work, to some
gang of mining sharps who will work it off iov a yet larger
sum, with a "half interest" or stock ganu^, to " raise money to
develop or work it," etc. A good mine, or a good prospect
even, does not need to be advertised or puffed in newspapers to
find a customer. It woithl be foolish to put np ten (JoJlars on oinj-
iliiiKj that mujht he xcrlttcn in a vncsjmper alxnif <i ininf. If it is a
big bargain, do not think that the owner will hunt uj) strangers
to favor with it, or permit them to enjoy it at all.

If a mine is really rich and is to be honestly worked, it is
to the interest of the owners, in various ways, to keep its value
hid as much as possible, and t/u'i/ never/ail to do m.

Persons that have never owned enticing ])roperty, have no
idea of the midnight conspiracies, that set to work to rob
the owner of such properties. The gang conspires to have the
courts in the hands of secret brethren, with whom they can
secretly and safely deal, and then, by hook or crook, some
little technical error (?), done for the purpose to get the pro-
perty iu the hands of the courts. Or the gang may "jump " it,
when, if they are not killed, the court comes to their assistance,
by taking and keeping the case in court until the mine is work-
ed out— twenty or thirty j-ears, if necessary. For example, a
clerical error (?) of, I believe, but a single word, done in the
patent to McGarahan, was excuse enough for the courts to take
his mine, giye it to some brethren, and keep it in court as long
as the owner lived — about thirty-five years. Besides, taking all
the means he could raise meanwhile. So that it is necessary
to defend such property with rifles and shotguns, which is
often expensive. And there are other reasons, as can be
imagined, why rich strikes are concealed and not advertised.

In prospecting a new locality for quartz mines, one rides
through the gulches and ravines, looks for pieces of quartz or
"float"' rock, which may have been washed by the elements

MiNixo Camps.

8fi

from ledf^es or other hotlies of it above. If any promising
pieces of rock uro found, the hills and moiintaius above where
it was found are carefully lookiul over, to find where or what
the " float " Avas detach(>d from. The distance it has travelled in
judged by the amount it is worn.

Frequently the out-croppiugs, bowlders and other surface
quartz, as heretofore dt^scjribed, have decomposed and been
washedjwith their gold, down into the gulches aud streams, with
gravel, andother dirt washed over ii-tlntxf<>riii!itij Ihc. Phiccr mines.

There were, perhaps, one thousand mining claims located
and recorded in thePah-Ranagat district. I had first seen speci-
mens from some of them at Salt Lake ; they Avere highly
colored, and enticing to look at. This is one way of advertising
a mining camp aud particular mines : I mean, to exhibit rich
pieces of ore.

But the ore in this district was base ; that is, it contained
besides silver, sulphur, antimony, copper, iron, lead, etc.; it
being therefore refractory and costly to mill, st^parate aud
work. It was also very hard to drill and blast. Tlieu it was
alow grade ore, say ten dollars to thirty dollars in silver to the
ton of rock. Pieces could be selected that would assay very
high, while much of it was quite barren.

There is generally one principal or main ledge in a mining
district, and one only ; the rest being smaller cracks, spurs,
bowlders and other little Inmches f)f qiiartz. The principal
ledge in this district cropped out boldly, ten or fifteen feet
high in places, Avas tAvo to ten feet thick, and was traced more
than half a mile in length, certainly a fine prospect for a true
fissure vein ; but it did not prove to be so. The country or
common rock was limestone, in Avhich formation I believe there
is hardly, if ever, any true fissxire veins. Granite is the most
favorable formation, it being composed, in part, of quartz.
Still this ledge had depth enough to produce a great deal of
ore, and so had A'arious others. But the distance to Avater, to
Avhich the ore and wood had to be hauled, the high price of
freight and labor, and the incompetent and sAvindling manage-
ment Avould not alloAV such rock to be Avorked at a profit.

The discoverer of the main ledge secured the greater part
of it, and sold it to a stock company for $50,000, which did

V''M

f (I

i'; i

i%:T

.. ^ , S:

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

{./

1.0

I.I

1.25

U£ 121

IttI

1^ 12.2

1.4 Hill 1.6

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

^
^

•SJ

23 WIST MAIN ^^\^u\^

WHSTIR.N.Y. MSSO

(716) S73-4S03

Califouxia to Nevada.

' i

the usual thiuj:; iu expending perhaj^s §1,000 a day, for two
years, in salaries, etc., building mills and furnaces, blasting
tunnels and shafts, producing a few hundred dollars in bullion
and seUing stock. Suppose the management sold three and a
half tons of stock to outsiders for $1,500,000, and their actual
expenditure to have been 8500,000, then they made $1,000,000
in two years. Moreover, had they developed a A-aluable mine,
or struck it rich, they would have shuf; down just the same so
as to buy the three and a half tons of stock back for about the cost
of the paper and printing, and would not allow the mine to pay
until this was accomplished. This done, the "bonanza" would
be uncovered, bullion produced, and so magnified and adver-
tised as to re-sell the stock for ten times the real value of the
bonanza. Think not, that thev would sell the stock or mine or
any portion of it at a good bargain to strangers ! Much less
that they would spend money like water in advertising and
hunting up strangers to favor thus.

A smaller claim (-lOO feet long), supposed to be of the same
vein, was discovered to a man l)y an Indian for about fifty dol-
lars, who sold it for one hundred and fifty dollars, which then
went into a stock or share company. Don't know, how many "ten
thousand" dollars were written in the deed, nor does Ji seller
care. Another cliiim, located as an extension to this, was sold
by an intelligent and practical miner for a saddle horse ; wliich
claim also went into an eastern stock or share company, with
its big-salaried officers — ignorant as Indians as to legitimate
business and management. They each bought mills, etc., the
first thing, as though their rock would pay to work and their
saddle horse claims had been developed into true fissure veins.
One of them produced three or four hundrenl dollars in bullion.

How much these masons made by selling stock, shares,
"half, quarter or tenth interest," depended on how man}' idiots
of outsiders they found willing to trust their money to secret
gentry of a charitable (?) order, thus leaping into the dark, —
and how well they were fixed with money.

It was the agent of one of these latter companies that I
met at Los Angeles, and one or the other of them I worked
for the greater part of my stay of about a year and a half in
the district.

MiMxa Camps.

liaves,
iiliots
Recret
irk,-

Ihat I
jrked
lilf iu

I aud another mau had a coutract to furnish the greater
part of the timl un* and joice for the buik^.iug of their quartz-
mills aud furnaces. It had to be sawed or squared with whip-
saws. The price was one hundred dollars per 1000 feet in the
woods. We could saw about 300 feet a day. Gave a man with
three yoke of oxen thirty dollars a day to snake the logs
together.

Then I worked in the mines at six dollars a day, aud for
two or three mouths was night watchman at the n)ill, etc., at
seven dollars a night.

The mills, etc., being completed, spoiled the sale of stock,
as the rock would not pay to work, and the companies, beiug
iu debt for labor aud supplies, let the property go, aud the
agents skipped out. They owed me about one thousand
dollars, for which I had their notes, which I placed iu the
hands of an ex-Chief Justice of Utah for collection from the
company in New York. I also correspouded with its president
aud agent ; got some encouragement for several years, but never
got any money.

There were other companies besides those noted, that
operated, more or less, on other ledges iu tliis district ; but
what I have given is a fair illustration of the others and of
quai'tz luiuing generally iu the many other (piartz districts.

A few other persons besides those alluded to, made
some monej' by selling their claims, aud some others got away
with a few hundred dollars, made by working for wages or on
contracts. But the most of the money, made l)y selling claims,
working for wages, or otherwise, that was not spend for whis-
key, etc., was squandered in prospecting, iu one way or another,
as I did.

There were prospecting jiarties out for hundreds of miles
in all directions all the time, in some of which I was always in-
terested. One of these went into Death Valley and beyond,
thinking that it ought to contain lots of mineral, if it was "very
good" for anything, as it lacked iu everything else but sun-
shine and sand. They found but slight prospects and returned,
riding and packing the shadows of death. If artesian water
can be got, and it is not salt, this valley can be made very
productive, there being plenty of sand and climate.

I
ill

Califohnia to Nevada.

>f: It'

The Pah-Ranagat miuin}^ campa were entirely deserted
(the population going to White Pine), and the county organiza-
tion was abandoned, when the taxable properties would no
longer sell for the salaries. It was never of any use to the
people. The little watered valley now supports a small
Mormon settlement.

Yet there is much silver-bearing quartz in the mountain,
which, with improved facilities in working the oi*e and in trans-
portation, with honest and intelligent management, will pay to
work, as a legitimate business, and pay well.

This is a fair sample and example of many other districts
with which I became acquainted ; so to describe them would
be but to substantially repeat, what I have written as to this
one. But as White Pine was " heap big " c-h-i-e-f, as to
fame, excitement, population, richness of its ore, big swindles,
fond hopes and regret, and as I was there from its rise till it
tumbled down, I will give my information and experience briefly,
concerning the same.

I'i

CHAPTER VI.

The mines, cnndnunl. — Exciting reports from a distant mountain — Outfit
one of a party to go. — What he wrote me. —"'Ho ! for White Pine ! " —
The richest silver mine ever discovered. — The pure atuff. — I go, too.
—Visit another camp on the way. — 'Sly horse and saddh^ "borrowed."
— A big cami) ablaze with excitement. — lielief that the stuil' could be
found anywhere by digging. — The many thousand "mines." — " IJril-
liant schemes." — Ulubbering investors from the states. — Life: gamb-
ling, drinking, business and damnation. — A'aking big sales, ete. ; the
outcome. — Another year and a half of lively practical experience in
thymines. — Tlio many smaller camps in thi> surrounding region. —
Virginia City and (rold Hill. — The great Comstock lode. — The
IJouauza and other great stock gambling mines tiiat we read of.

When stories, that the since fanunis Eberharcit miue (^theu,
aiul yet tlechired, aud perhaps truly, to be, and to liave been
the richest in silver ever discovered in the world) had been
struck at White Pine, I outfitted one of a party to go aud
prospect the mountain in its vicinity.

It succeeded in locating a claim as near as one hundred
feet of the Eberhsirdt itself, besides others, as enticing ; and
with glowing prospects or faith, forthwith blasted a hole forty
foet deep into the former. Somehow it was believe I, that the
stuff could be struck, as lead is often found, with little or no
surface indications, most anywhere in that vicinity.

My partner embraced an opportunity to send me a letter ;
he wrote, "We have one first-rate lead and continue to work
on our shaft. Shall know this week whether we are in or out
of luck. They are striking it all around us. If we do raise the
color it will be rich, sure."

On my way to White Pine — 150 or 200 miles distant — I
stopped a few days in "Grant district," with a prospecting
party, with whom I was likewise interested. They had formed
this district. Had discovered and were prospecting some
quartz ledges, and the prospects and outlook were such, as to
induce parties owning a ten-stamp quartz mill to contract to
move it there, set it up, and give and take a half interest in
each. The mill was then on the way, one of our party having
gone out on the trackless desert to meet the train and pilot

(89)

1 i

The Mixes of Nevada.

them iuto the mines. The rock, however, was refractory to
work and not rich enouf^li to pa}-^ at that time — or so it was
made to appear. But some years afterwards J. read that these
mines were bein<^ worked. I was ridinj^ a horse and saddle,
for which I had paid $150, (havin^^ other animals with pros-
pecting parties) and on approaching White Pine loft them in
tilt! care of an old friendh' acquaintance, who was then keeping
a horse ranch, — that is, herding horses for the miners and others
who were stojjping up in the mountains, where there was no
grass or water — where the winds beat against the bleak and
barren cliffs, and the birds never sing. I told him, as a friend,
to use my outtit as his own, on any needful occasion. He after-
wards did so ; having sold out, he rode it out of the country — not
even calling around or sending word to thank me, or say
good-bye.

Found White Pine ablaze with excitement. The hills and
mountains (^9000 feet high), quite thronged with men, eagerly
and contidently at work with pick and drill, hunting for the
precious ore.

The Eberhardt mine was at its best, turning out, with
common rock, nearly pure virgin and horn silver by the ton.
Bowlders of which one could bore an auger through. A guard
of several men, armed Avith rifles, guardcul the mine at ten
dollars a night each, to keep it out of the courts,

A Governor of Colorado was killed by mistake, by his own
men, who were thus guarding a mine of his. And Uncle Sam
likewise guards his silver at the treasury', and with grape and
canister, wherein he decides not to be robbed — having no con-
fidence in his own courts. I note these only as prominent
examples of a common custom and necessity, to stand ready
to kill men in defence of mer« property. Why should not
other classes of robbers, those who pillage by secret intrigue
and treason, be likewise killed in the act ?

Deposits or bodies of ore, more or less rich in silver, were
found in various places, some of which lay flat like coal.
This, with the magnified flaming stories and rich strikes, that
were continually flying in the air, increased the excitement to
siich a pitch, and as the Eberhardt itself was but an irregular
body of ore at or near the surface, that it was the general im-

■!'

TirniLLiNr, Expekiexce in the Mines.

()ressiou that this district was nature's freak, so that silver
foulil be fouutl for a mile or two of the Eberhardt, as readily
as lead is fouud iu ^aleua districts ; and that it was " rich, sure."
Moreover, there were mauy siuall lead deposits iu the
*' base mettle rau^e," iu the district clcjse l)v, which always
carried silver. There were also mauy well defiued ltHl{:jcs of
ijuart/. (but which were prospected iu vaiu). So tuumds ami
s(piare holes were beiug blasted by the luuidnHl. In mauy
cases without auy surface indications whatever, or other pros-
pects, except that had by some other claim iu the vicinity.

Shafts Avere so thick on "Chloride Flat," and iuthe vicinity
of the Eberhardt, that the flyiuj^ rock, from the numerou-^'
blasts iu the lime-stone, made it dangerous to be about them ;
this with labor at five dollars coin a day, or by contract at
twenty dollars per foot.

Thousands of such claims were located by private parties
aud companies such as ours, who would lar<,'ely bond and sell
to speculating mining sharps, who are expert business men.
As " great successful lawyers " win with their secret p»)wer iu
packing juries and buying judges, so the expert business
miuer effects his sales by selling stock aud Iniying other experts
aud agents. They making the most of the far reaching, wide
spread excitement ; newspaper articles (often iu editorials, as
though the editor was a practical man, had made a personal
examination, had written the thing himself and was telling the
truth) aud iu various devices of the profession, often succeeded
iu efl'ecting fabulous sales to the good people iu the states and
iu Europe.

As it is easier to get a big swindle through Cougress or a
legislature than a little one, so it is easier to sell a worthless
mine for a big sum, than a small sum, as enough is thus atlbrd-
ed to buy the thing through, aud leave a surplus.

Such were the " mines," iu Avhich so many, at a distance,
hopefully invested (and so did we avIio were there). Sometimes
mining companies, forming at a distance, Avould not bother
a1)out the little matter of any claim at all, excejit in the mind,
as not needing them in their business ; to the great surprise of
ail occasional troublesome investor, who happened to come out
to visit the famed (at a distance ) " silver king," etc., the idol of

The Mines of Nevada.

III

:!l

his heart and purse, autl could not find or even hear of it in the
district.

These men made a great deal of trouble now, since they
could travel mostly by rail ; when in former times they were
just as useful in " developing the country " and were not in the
way. I was told of such imaginary claims, and others of mere
bowlders or holes in the limestone, that were stf)cked for from
!<oOO,000 to l?2,500,000, and that by working famed and
titled gentlemen's names as directors, etc., and have them and
editors pull' up the scheme, the stock would sell at a " discount "
so as to leave a large surplus.

If the expert business men in Nevada and their brethren
in the big cities had had their way, these meddlesome, wailing
lambs would have been snatched up and buried in prison, a
censorship placed over their correspondence, and the railroad
ripped up.

But they were somewhat off-set and put down by other
visitors, such as a famous "select party of Chicago merchants."
They travelled in a special train and stage coaches, were met
with a brazen band ; made enticing, flaming reports as to the
general richness of the mines, predicted that " the world would
be amazed at the wonderful and immense streams of silver that
would flow from White Pine to enrich the people of the earth,"
and, no doubt, made money in the business.

Of course, the entire press in the U. S. would gladly publish,
unquestioned, the reports from such " good authority " and
attend them with flattering editorials ; when they would spurn
to notice, except to kick and condemn, the stories of the bank-
rupt, "blubbering, revengeful investors, who would make
trouble and injure gentlemen in their business." Yet some-
how they would get in their work, so that foreign capital had
to be invited, and even it ^ot too shy and expensive to leave
any profit.

Besides quartz-mills, furnaces, etc., that were building,
there was Shermantown, Treasure City and Hamilton, populous
mining towns, that were springing up rapidly, with lumber $400
or $500 per 1000 feet, etc., carpenter wages eight dollars a day,
(board fourteen dollars a week), and lots selling for four, five
and six thousand dollars, and often with titles badly clouded,

THUIU.lXli Exi'KKIKXCE IN THE MiNES.

'.13

3Ieii were j)ouriug in from every camp, section, state ami clime.
Every store included a bar, to graciously assisi, men in their
joy at selling a claim or town lot, and in their many disappoint-
ments and sorrows— for two bits (twenty-tivo cents) a drink.
Sl)acious gambling houses, etc., with all sorts of games and en-
ticing coin stacked high on the tables, to accommodate the lucky
iiud the luckless in breaking them both, llich strikes and big
sales were daily reported, most everybody was in high s})irits
and expectations, many being wild and some crazed with the
llaming excitement with which the very air seemed charged.

Many who had sold claims were wildly spending the money,
always expecting to sell others for a stake to go away with and
keep. One who was a card-sharp, gambled off $30,000 in a
little while.

The mine recorder and assistants were kept busy filing the
15,000 or more claims that were recorded, and business generally
went on the jump. Yet hundreds were hunting for employment
or to boiTow a few dollars. Two or three daily and weekly
papers were soon being published. All the water at Treasure
City and the mines cost ten cents a gallon, while works were
being constructed to bring it up from a small stream three
miles away, at a cost of 8250,000, only to be abandoned or torn
up soon after its completion.

In about a year and a half all this faith, bustle, business
and surging wave of eager men had changed to disappointment,
disgust and desertion. The prevailing question was now, how
to get out of the country and where to go to, as this state was
now blistered by the light of the outside world, and a railroad
was running as near as 120 miles, and wires were stretched into
the camp.

Not a single extensive paying mine or fissure vein of ore
had been discovered, and but a few small i)aying deposits, not
any containing a fortune, except the cause of all the flattering
tales, rush and conflict of men, — the Eberhardt. And it was
now virtually worked out, sold, and incorporated to sell again
and again to Englishmen, by its fame.

Shermantown, from a population of 4000, Treasure City of
7000, besides the many hundreds of outside cabins and small

\\\

The Mineh of Nevada.

camps for many miles arouml, wore now, in a few months, al-
most entirely deserteil. But Hamilton with its oOOO inhabitants,
beinf^ the comity seat and capital of a region extensive enough
for a state, held on to a f(>w hundred. This district and the sur-
rounding regions are strangely marked with nunierou.s deserted
(juart/ mills, roasting and smelting furnaces, shafts, tunnels
and habitations, — lasting monuments of ill-speut time and
wealth.

Still there is a great deal of mineral-bearing rock in the
mountains of Nevada, that will be worked in the future.

Having accpiired interests in difl'erent claims at White Pine,
some of which appeared quite promising, which were bonded
to sell for various largo sums (the poorest one— near the Eber-
hardt — for enough to make us each a fortune) and being still
at work in prospecting others, I felt, like so many others,
greatly encouraged as to the outcome.

Once a telegram came from San Francisco that a big sale
had been accomplished, and our money would be deposited
that day. But it transpired that in a succession of agents, ex-
perts, etc., sent by different members of the company formed
to buy, there was one, and only one, and the last one to report,
that was not convinced by those in charge of the business at the
mine. His unexpected adverse telegram meanwhile, was a fatal
blister on the mine and sale.

If he had given them any warning, they could have cut the
wire and secured the coin. And as the reaction and collapse
of the camp came almost as sudden as the blaze was kindled,
none of our big sales were effected. I therefore shared with
the thousands of others in the general disappointment. Way
back in the wild, cannibal infested, fever-stricken jungles of
South America or Africa, is the best place to locate gold and
silver mines.

However, I made some money by small sales, by sinking
shafts and running tunnels at twenty dollars a foot. In one
claim we had a body of ore that appeared to be quite extensive,
it being solid ore fifteen feet deep, as far as we sunk in it. But
on having a few tons of it milled, it produced but about thirty
dollars a ton, which would not pay at that time. Some of it

TlIUlLUNO ExPEItlKNCK IN TIIK Ml.NKS.

!>.')

assayod iit tho rate of ouo Imnclreil dollars a ton. Ah it Imd not
the apix'uriuu'o of a ro<,'ular vnin wo abaiidonful it. Douhtloss
it was afterwards worked out by others. This was the "I'liiou
Standard," at tlie base of a hif^h rocU blufV, about three-(|uartera
of a mile north of the Eberhardt.

Virginia City ami Gold Hill wer<> Ijuilt up durin;:^ a similar
excitement ten years before AVhite Pine. Dut there proved to
be there one mammoth, true tissure vein — -400 or 500 feet thick
and more than two miles long — the Comstock lodt».

In this are the "Bonanza" and other famous stock gambling
mines of Neva(bi, some of which are being or have been pros-
pected to a d(!pth of ;{,5()0 feet, and to drain it to about 11)00
feet down, the Sutro tunnel was run 20,178 feet.

But even in this great fissnre lode — the greatest gold and
silver vein in the world — there are many mines that have never
payed to work as a legitimate business. One of these has ex-
pended millions of dollars in prospecting, without finding any
pay rock. I believe it has never produced a dollars worth of
bullion, though "Bullion" is its name.

''Record of Assessments and Dividends of the Comstock

Mines.

Fifty mines have each collect(Hl [18S1] more than .$100,000
ill a.ssessments, and eighteen more together have collected
$7or),000. In this estimate is not included the assessment by
companies which have been dissolved or incorporated in othens.
These fifty mines have levied $.'38,723,000 in assessments.
Of these Yellow Jacket leads off with $4,878,000; Savage
with $4,809,000 ; Sierra Nevada, $4,200,000 ; Bullion, $3,850,000 ;
Hale and Norcross, $3,409,000; Belcher, $2,268,000; Ophir,
$2,988,000; Gould and Curry, $3,200,000; Crown Point,
$2,423,000; and so on through the list, there being seven-
toou mines which have gathered in over $1,000,000 in
assessments.

Of the seventy-one mines on the Comstock, seventy have
levied assessments, amounting in all to $59,458,000, and only

'!! ' , I

1)1)

The Minks of Nkvaua.

fourteen Imvc paid JUiy diviJemls. These fourteen are us follows,
with their dividends :

Con. Virj^'iniji, $42,9.10,000

California, ,'{0,9r)0,000

Beleher, ir),;j07,200

Crown Point, 1 1,GSS.0(K)

Savn^'e, 4,460,000

Uould and Curry, .'VS^.nOOO

Yellow .Jacket, 2,LS4,000

Kale iind Norcross, 1,598,000

Oidiir, 1,594,000

Kentuek l,2:)2.O00

Con. Imperial, 1,12:),000

Sierra Nevada, 1()'!,200

Confldenee, 78,(X)0

Darney, 57,(H)0

Succor, 22,800

Total, $117,173,200

An examination of thin Hat will sliow, that only six mines have
paid their stockholders more than lliey have taken frojn them.
These are lieh^her, California, Consolidated Virginia, Crown Point,
Gould and Curry, and Kentuek. One who is familiar with the
Comstoek, will see at a glance that all these mines have been
largely owned and controlled by the Bonanza firm. So, when
you say Consolidated Virginia, California and Belcher hav(!
paid $89,277,200 in dividends, you may also add, that three-
quarters of this amount has gone (^'.rectly into the pockets of
Flood, ]\Ia(^kay and Fair. The outsit . investors have always come
in just as the dividends ceased, and have invariably been ou hand
to pay assessments. California never levied an assessment. Con-
solidated Virginia only $411,000. The bulk of this stock has
always been held by the Bonanza firm, and its $74,000,000
of dividends represent a good part of their colossal wealth,
gained in the last ten years.

The army of small speculators have put their money into
other mines, and have been allowed the privilege of paying for
working ore, whose chief value lay in the elaborate analysis of
well-paid (experts.

An illustration of the methods employed on the Stock Ex-
change is furnished in the recent rise and decline of ^Vlta. It was

TlIKILIJNO ExrEUIENCE IN THE MiNKS.

J»7

s have
I tlvem.
Point,
ith the
le been
-wln'ii

three-

;ets of

|s come

[1 hand

Cou-
■k lias
100,000

ealtli,

J-y into
pg f or

,rsis of

jk Ex-
It was

selling at one dollar and sixty cents, and was a coniinirativoly
(lead stock. Suddenly mysterious rumors sprcjid around, that the
tliuiHond (IriUinijfi liud sliowu )i rich ore body. Soon these rumors
were coiiflrmedby the superintendentand others in control, and they
privately advised their friends to buy up all the Alta they could
lay hands on. Of course, this reached the street in a few hours.
Alta bounded up to five dollars, then on to ten, and, within a
week, twenty dollars, and afterwards to twenty dollars and fifty
cents. A vast anu)unt of stock was bought. Suddenly it was
hinted, that a gigantic 'deal' had been made by the managemeut
wlio, in turn, tried to make it appear that the sui)eriuti"' lent had
'salted 'the drillings and thus got good indications. Ccj ndeuco
was shattered ; then; was a wild rout, and the stock fell rapidly
from twenty dolhirs to three dollars and fifte«'u c its. When
there was talk of an official investigation of ...n mine, the
lower levels were conveniently flooded with water. This is but
au example J . jiy other swindles.

^ short time before a very bad ' deal ' 'vas nmde in lielcher,
and it was found necessary to flood the mine, when the outsiders
biul all been fleeced.

There is a growing sentiment among the peoj)!*', Avliich
demands that some check be placed upon the lawless scheuM's of
those who, for vears, have fleeced the credulous bv swindles that
would make a faro-dealer blush, and have driven thousands to
suicide and crime.

" 1882. — We [committee] consider the management [of
Bullion] recklessly extravagant- and (diaracterized by a total dis-
regard of the rights of stockholdei-s. With reference to the
Belcher and Crown Point mines, the Belcher mine has produced
from May, 1881, to December, 1882, 28,154 tons of ore, the value
of which we are unable to determine [it being a ring secret].
Such evidence as we coxdd obtain placing the value at from tJiirty
to forty dollars per ton. This ore was sold in the mine for fifty
cents per ton, and the parties [brethren] buying said ore were
allowed to use the company's shaft and works to raise the ore to
the surface. We find, the CroAvn Point mine produced from
March, 1881, to December, 1882, (58,457 ton'' under similar con-
ditions, and it was also sold for fifty cents per ton [to brethren].
These mines are still pi'oducing about 5000 tons per nior+h on the
terms as before stated. These two mines are managed badly and
with a total disregard of the rights of stockholders.
7

■!i'

The Mines of Nevada.

The proxy system enables people who do not own any stock,
to control mines and run them in their own interest.

"'TiA sail, but 'tis loell. — 1883. — There is something peculiarly
sad about the decline of Virginia City. The story of its rise and
its character in prosperous days, reads like a brilliant flight of
imagination. No other city in the world was ever like it. Its
business, its wealtli, its prodigality, its wickedness— each, in its
way, was peculiar. And the desolation which now so contrasts
with the rush and glitter of the palmy time, is a desolation the like
of which has never before been seen on the American continent.
Eight years ago Virginia City and Gold Hill, adjoining each other,
had 35,000 population. It was the largest connnunity between
Denver and San Francisco. There were merchants doing business
with a million capital. There were private houses that cost
$100,000. There were stamp mills and mining structures that cost
$500,000 each. There were three daily newspapers, and a
hotel that cost $300,000. Among the people were a score or
more men, worth from $300,000 to $30,000,000. Mackay and
Fair both lived there. There were three banks, a gas company,
a water company, a splendid theatre and a costly court house.
Eight years have passed and the town is a wreck. The 35,000
people have dwindled to 5000. The banks have retired. The
merchants have closed up and left ; the hotel is abandoned ; the
gas company is bankrupt, and scores of costly residences have
either been taken to pieces and moved away, or given over to bats.
Real estate cannot be given away for taxes. Nothing can be sold
that will cost its worth to move away. The rich men have all
gone. Those who remain are the miners, their superintendents,
and the saloon men and gamblers. The latter are usually the first
to come to a mining town and the last to leave. The caiise of
this decadence, which has swallowed up millions of capital and
wrecked the worldly ambition of thousands of persons, is the
failure of the Comstock mines to turn out additional wealth.

Since its discovery, in 1860, there have been taken from that
single vein, in a space of less than 3,000 lineal feet, no less than
$285,000,000 of gold and silver, and of this about $110,000,000
came from the Bonanza mines alone. Exclude Flood, Mackay,
Fair and Sharon from the list, and those who have preserved
the fortunes, made on the Comstock, may be counted on
one's fingers. But the millions upon millions that have been sunk
in the whirlpool of speculation are almost incalculable. San Fran-

i ; I

Thrilling Experiences in the Mines.

Cisco is to-day full of financial, physical and moral wrecks, by the
treachery of the great Comstock and the illusive hopes of the
gambling multitude."

And the Comstock was the great gold and silver lode of the
known world, having yielded, it is said, about $500,000,000
to date.

! "I

1 i'i

I.i

CHAPTER VII.

Building the U. P. and Central railroads. — A general rugged prosjiecting
tour of seven mouths in Nevada, Idaho aud Montana. — On to Wash-
ington Territory. — The country, climate, soil, scenery, fishing, hunt-
ing, incidents, etc., etc. — Finding the ti'ue source of the fine gold in
the Suiike and Columbia rivers. — The more famous of the Idaho
Placer mines.

It was February, 1870. The U. P. and Central Pacific Kail-
roads were completed a few months previously. As the
Government had given these companies more money and other
means than was required to build the roads, they could afford
to, and they did spent it with an open hand in rushing them
through. This made times good and lively along the route, so
that money was made rapidly in various ways and channels of
trade, by live men, with but little money capital. For example:
one with a few pony teams could make a stake in a short time,
in grading or teaming on or along the road. The wages paid
were high — five dollars or more per day for a fifty or sixty
dollar team, and drivei', to scrape, etc., and the wages were
doubled for night aud Sunday work.

Several of my acquaintances had left the mines for the
railroad, and had done far better than we, who remained to dig
it out of the ground.

The Northern Pacific railroad had now been chartered by
Congress, with a land grant more than sxifficient to build and
equip it, with a provision, that the road had to be built immedi-
ately, or the Empire of land would revert to the people. There-
fore, it was the talk and general belief that it would be pushed
through at once, and that the opportunities for earning money
on the N. P. would be good, if not equal, to that on the U. P.
and Central.

The glittering prospects in the mining regions were blasted
since the railroad was built, but I was not yet quite satisfied to
give up the chase ; mainly, because of my love of travel and
adventure, and I would now have the advantage of my previous
three years' active experience in quartz, making me somewhat
expert in the business.

(100)

kted

lous

[hat

A Canyon.

Pacific N.W. History Dept

PROVINCIAL LIBRARY
VICTOHIA, B. G.

102

Idaho and Montana.

M'^ i

I "'

So I coucludecl to now make an extensive, general prospect-
ing tour through the wild mountain ranges io the north, for
both quartz and placer diggings, and for the pleasure of travel;
and if unsuccessful in finding any ground enticing enough to
cling to, would terminate my travels at Puget Sound, or else
where near the proposed route of the Northern Pacific railroad.

Accordingly, during the succeeding seven months, I visited
several mining districts and camjis in Nevada, Idaho and
Montana, and prospected, more or less, the mountain ranges
intervening. Was in the Owyhee, Upper Snake and Salmon
river regions, and in the mountains at the source of the Jeffer-
son Fork of the Missouri river.

I noticed some spots of pretty good farming land on the
Humboldt river in Nevada, about the northern line of the
state, and in Idaho, also in Lemhi and Bitter-root valleys, near
the summit of the Rockies in Montana, also much good grazing
country. But I saw far more that is i agged, shaggy, barren
and forbidding. I talked with immigrants from good localities
in the Western States, and on asking one why they chose to
leave what I considered fairer sections of country to live in, to
settle in such a wild region, he answered : that these valleys
were like the places they had left — very enticing at a distance ;
or in his own words, "they are hell a good ways off." Neither
had filled the pictures of their imaginations.

Was at the two great falls of Snake river, 175 and 260 feet
fall, and enjoyed some beautiful scenery, but the most of it is
dreary and distressing. Had good fishing sometimes, — in the
upper Snake there were plenty of salmon trout, weighing ten
or fifteen pounds, and very fat. Game — including bear, wild-
cat, etc., — was likewise quite plentiful, though not by any
means as much so as we usually read about, and is generally
supposed.

Climbed over snow-clad mountains— wading and plunging
in the snow in July, and the next day or two would be sufler-
ing with heat in some valley below.

Generally found plenty of company in various prospecting
parties. Many of these men were highly learned and experi-
enced in the world, and of fine feelings, while even the others

,uce ;
itlier

feet

lit is

the

teu

Ivvild-

auy

IviiUy

Iffer-

Ictiug

tliera

(103)

104

Idaho and Montana.

i t ■ 1

are agreeable companions for a time, to one who knows how to
take them.

I will note a little incident of many, I would like to give,
in illustration of the generous traits possessed by many who
despise the selfish, sign- and grisp-niachine charity (?).

Meeting a party of miners with their pack animals on their
way to a settlement and store for supplies, (they being settled
and working a Placer claim) I borrowed a pocket knife of one
of them, as we stopped for a moment to talk, as I had lost my
own. He would not receive it back or any pay for it, " as he
would soon be where he could get another," he said. It was a
fancy one, worth three dollars. They also furnished some of our
party with provisions in the same way. We had never met
before, and never expected to again. If we should go with
them to their rough cabin home, we could see gold dust in a
segar box on a shelf, or in a powder keg, and as long as it lasted
no one would be allowed to pass them by in need.

Those who experience in themselves and appreciate in
others the pure pleasure in these unguilded, unselfish, genial
traits, should be judged in kind whenever they fall among pro-
fessional " charitable " brethren, as they are pretty sure to do
sometime, being neither cunning nor cruel.

Having a good outfit, permitting nothing to worry me, and
having no great expectations to be shattered, that season of
travel was mostly a picnic. The rugged side was in fording
rapid and rocky streams, and others having deceitful bottoms
of mire ; crossing steep, rocky gorges, and through African
jungles, woven with fallen timber.

My horses became so accustomed to climbing, jumping
and sliding, that they were so reckless of danger, that their
often superior judgment could not be trusted. Sometimes,
however, they would pick their way and somehow get over or
through places, where one could not see any possible way,
when often a mis-step would send them tumbling to roaring
waters in the rocky gorges, hundreds of feet below, and when
weary, would jump at the opposite side of a ditch or against a
ledge, or fallen trees, when they knew they must fall back.

Sometimes flies and r'osquitoes were so thick and masonic,
that we had to blanket our horses for a slight protection ; so it

The Idaho Placeu ]Ml^Ks.

luo

was no wonder they would leave us alone with strange Indians,
to take up with their horses that were free. But a snuiU
number of horses, if their leaders are kindly treated, are not
apt to leave a camp unless they know of better company near by.
And a s'ugle animal will hardly ever leave its rider in a stmnge
and lonely place. My pack-horse was no more trouble in
travelling, than a dog — being as sure to follow. Once on the
side of a deep gorge he fell, rolled over a time or two and
landed against a log. After he had climbed back, I, with my
foot, started the log tumbling to the bottom, which I could not
see. While more lost and separated than usual, I was tweuty-
four hours without water ; the day was hot, got past being
tliirsty and became sick, so the water did not taste good when
I found it, which I did by my horses scenting it at a distance.

Found beaver quite plentiful in places. In their work is
displayed a reasoning faculty equal to that of some men. In
felling trees for dams, they cut them so as to fall where they
want them.

One night we were all awoke by the rumbling sound and
three distinct shocks of an earthquake, but could hear nothing
about it on reaching habitations.

Ice sometimes formed at night at our camps, in July and
August.

My whereabouts that season were so uncertain, that I re-
ceived letters which had been re-mailed half a dozen times.

As to the golden object in that season's prospecting: —
Found several prospects in quartz, about equal to that 1 had
left in Nevada, and in placer diggings many places that would
yield one to two dollars a day, but none that would probably
pay to work at that time. Tlie whole country had been pretty
closely prospected, and the paying ground worked. I was
now satisfied as to this, and tired of the business, of the
mountains, and of rambling about in this way.

I learned, that times were pretty good in Washington
Territory, and horses were cheap in the Walla Walla section.
So I decided to go there and work at whatever I found to do,
and buy as many horses as I was able, to work with on the N.
P. railroad, whenever its construction was commenced in
earnest.

106

Idaho and Montana,

1^1

ill

Arriving at Fort Owens, in Bitter-root valley, Montana —
which valley was then being settled and improved — I found
myself on one of the proposed routes of the N. P. R. R.

With a single companion struck West through the
mountains by the Lo Lo Indian trail for Lewiston, Idaho, and
the Walla Walla, Washington Territory country, fifty or one
hundred miles beyond it. Lewiston being situated on the
western verge of the pan-handle of Idaho, near the head of
navigation on Snake river, 400 miles from Portland, Oregon, and
495 miles by water from the mouth of the Columbia river.

On the way to Lewiston, we fell in with a couple of rail-
road surveying p.'irties, who were hunting for a route ; also
numerous Nez-Perce Indians, on their way home from hunting
buffalo and fighting the Sioux on their own or neutral hunting
grounds in the Yellowstone country.

The Grouse, or "fool hen," is a bird of the same family,
it appears to me, as the partridge and pheasant. They differ
from each other in about the same degree as do the Chinamen,
Esquimaux and Indians. Inhabiting different climates, and
compelled to live by different modes and food, may account for
all the difference found in them. As to the difference in dialect,
this can be comprehended and accounted for by observing the
same in different local districts among the same race of
white men — in those of the East, South and West— after so
short a time and with such comparative free and frequent
communication and mingling with each other. We found this
bird so plentiful and tame at many places on this trip, that we
could kill most any amount of them with sticks, as we rode
along.

Camped by a hot sulphur flowing spring on this Lo Lo
trail, and enjoyed a bath in its blue waters where it formed a
pond, cool enough for comfort.

These mountains are craggy, but thickly wooded with much
good timber of fir, tamerack, spruce, cedar and pine.

On the western slope are some fertile prairie valleys, ami
on approaching Lewiston (twenty-four miles east from where
I finally settled to make a home) found ourselves in a good
prairie farming country, though not inhabited, except by
Indians. Here we found a Government Indian Agency, also a

The Idaho Placer Mines.

107

military post and the Americau flag. We called at the post for
information as to our whereabouts. Afterwards I sold grain
here that I had raised.

There is fine, light gold in the bars of Snake river, any-
where from near its source to its confluenco with the Columbia
(150 miles below Lewiston), also in the Columbia and Salmon
rivers, which v» as supposed by many to come from some fabu-
lous rich fountain or quartz deposits in the rugged mountains
at the rivers' source. But we had found this not to be the
case, but that the rivers flowing, as they do, through a gold-
bearing country, where a color can be found most anywhere,
got their supply from the natural washes and streams tributary
to them, with the annual wash of sand, gravel, mud and drift.
Hundreds of Chinamen and some white men mine, Avith rockers,
on the bars of these rivers, during the low stage of water, mak-
ing one or two dollars per day.

Orofino, Warrens, and other rich placer camps, Avhich
created such excitement and brought Idaho into notice in the
states, in 18G0, are in these Salmon river and Clearwater moun-
tains. Lewiston being their point of supply and wintering
place. Its climate nearly equals that of the valleys of Cali-
fornia.

For a year or two the lowest price for supplies was one
(lollar a pound at the mines, and they created a splendid
market for many years ; which started many into farming in the
Walla Walla country, and gave it and them a good start in the
world. The old Indian and packing trails to Walla Walla and
beyond are ten or fifteen in width, and tramped deep in the
fertile soil ; and mining is still going on at those famous camps,
and pack trains are still trailing to and from Lewiston. I had
been acquainted with different ones in Nevada, who had
travelled through this country from California and Oregon,
and dug gold in these mines, so I had in advance quite an
accurate idea as to each.

CHAPTER VIII.

A comprehensive description of the Walla "Walla country; soil, climate
and productions, and the lay of the land. — Hire out on a farm for two
months. --The secret of succoas and failure in government and corpo-
ration contracts — Secret intrigue at military posts, etc. — Experience
in work in the mountain. — Locate a land claim and get married. —
A year's experience.

Arrived in Lewiston about the midclle of September, 1870.
Crossed the river into Washington Territory, and travelled
north-west for eight miles over a somewhat sterile grazing
country near the river ; when I came onto a wooded creek with
narrow bottom (the Alpowa), inhabited and farmed somewhat
by Indians, for a few miles, and by an old Yankee bachelor who
kept a hotel and stage station, and raised cattle. Said, he had
found it to be the best economy to provide flour, instead of
other feed, for his stock, when the weather was such that they
needed feeding. (It was at the head of this creek, to the south-
west, that I afterwards built my home). Leaving this creek by
a big hill, .tkI riding for ten miles over a level bunch-grass
prairie (destitute of water and wood, but a belt of timber was
plainly to be seen twelve to fifteen miles to the south), when I
went down another big hill on to another creek (the Pataha),
having a bottom quite destitute of wood, and about a quarter
of a mile wide for twenty-five miles to Snake river.

The upper portion, reaching back into the Blue mountain
about thirty miles, being still more contracted and more
wooded. All of it, from its source to its mouth, is quite fenced
in by high, abrupt hills on either side, and so is the Alpowa.

From the top of these hills, vast, thickly-planted bunch
grass prairies extend north to Snake river some fifteen miles,
and south to the timber of the Blue mountains about the same
distance away. These prairies, however, are more or less cut
up with ravines and gulches, are scantily watered and com-
pletely destitute of wood. I found this creek bottom, or the
most of it that was fit for cultivation (the lower portion"),
settled up and farmed, but the adjoining prairies were entirely
unoccupied, except by a few bands of cattle and horses belong-

(108)

'■';'
: ,.

Locate a Land Claim and get Married.

109

iu{^ to the creek settlers. The farmers here were threshing
their grain with a ten or twelve horse power machine. They
hull to collect and change work with each other for a distance
of ten or fifteen miles to form a threshing crew. They being
short of help, and I having but a few dollars left, stopped and
worked for them a few days, at two dollars a day, which seemed
very small wages to me then.

The yield of wheat, oats and barley was thirty to sixty
bushels to the acre, and the up-prairie land appeared equally
as fertile. The nights being always cool, this is not a good
corn country.

Following this creek for eleven miles, it changed its course
to the north, while the road and old Indian and pack trails left
it by winding up a hill 700 or 800 feet high, thence over a
level prairie for a mile, when I looked down into a Cau3'on
(Tu-Canyon) 1200 to 1500 feet deep, having a stream with
wooded bottom, a few hundred yards wide. The wood on
these streams is mostly cotton-wood, birch, alder and pine.

A few spots on this s*'*eam were being farmed for hay, by
ineu with stock, as a safe winter retreat.

Crossing this Canyon, I found, spread out as far as I could
see, another similar vast rolling fertile prairie country, with
richer hollows, coves or bottoms, and blessed with an occasion-
al spring or stream of good water; but wood still to be seen only
in the one direction — many miles away to the south. After
about eight miles of unbroken prairie, I found the hollows and
choice spots by the road settled, and more or less farmed,
according to the time, means and energy of the settler in haul-
ing fencing and other wood, fifteen to twenty miles — there
being no barbed wire then.

On approaching Walla Walla, the country was more
thickly settled and improved, there being streams with more
extensive bottoms, bordered by less abrupt hills, and wooded
sufficient for immediate fencing and domestic use. Though
much of the soil along these streams was not as productive as
that of the hollows, or even the extreme upland prairies, until
made so by irrigation.

Near Walla Walla the lay of the land becomes less broken
by ravines; but to speak of this Walla Walla country as a

110

The Walla Walia Counthy.

'■'^ i:

vallri/, in inisloailiu}^-. The stream Wftlla Walla has a little
narrow valley to be sure, but it don't amotmt to much, except
in rare spots. The same is true of even the Columbia, Snake
and other rivers at a distance from the coast. They might
have had broad fertile valleys or bottoms, like the Sacramento,
MisHissii)pi, Ohio and the Mohawk, but they hav'nt. I mean
to give a triie and comprehensive, though brief description of
Eastern Washington, and the settling thereof, such as may
also give an accurate idea of that north of the Columbia and
Snake, as well as of that portion of Idaho adjoining, as these
sections are similar. With their fertile soil, each has its deeply
embedded streams, narrow vales and ravines, steep and long
hills and sections of rocky waste land, or suited only for graz-
ing. Each having its mountain range, for timber and wood
supply, to tap the rain clouds and giving variety of climate
and scenery.

Singular though it may seem, during the most severe
winters the mercury sinks lowest in the lowest altitudes, and
snow falls there quite as deep at such times as elsewhere.
Stock have wintered with less loss in hard ^/inters, on some
opening back in the mountains, than others on the Columbia
and Snake rivers. The best lands are usually found near the
mountain ranges, and the lighter, dryer and poorer soil as the
Columbia and Snake rivers are approached, though irrigation
would, and sometimes does, where practicable, make this the
best, and the springs are a month or more earlier here than at
the higher altitudes, and less snow usually falls. But it gets
ten to fifteen degrees h'tter than on t^e upland prairies; it
being sometimes one h ndred degrees and more. And it is
covered with a bank of < dd fog for several weeks in the winter,
while the sun is shining right and warm on the high prairies.

Every four or five y* i-s there is a hard winter, when the
mercury sinks to twenty r thirty degrees below zero for a few
weeks. But where there is an open range that has not been
over-stocked, horses that are not worked will winter all right
without feeding ; and cattle need to be fed but a month or two,
and some winters not any.

The warm trade or "chinook" winds from the South-
Pacific are a great blessing to this country in winter ; they

Locate a Land Cl.vim and oet Maukied.

Ill

t'oiuo with black clouds — iis a thuuder shower coni'^s, and
soiiietimea bare the ground of a foot of snow iu a day or nij^ht;
but they cannot be counted on. Tho, winter winds from the
opposite direction are stinging cold.

I continued my journey from Lciwiston for about sixty
miles, to near where Dayton Avas afterwards built and become
tiie county seat of a new county (Columbia), composed of a
part of Walla Walla county, which >efore embraced all the
region between the Columbia and Snake rivers and the Oregon
line. Since, Garfield and Asotin counties have been formed
out of Columbia. Dayton is on the Tou-Chet (Tu-she) stream,
and this section was then known as the "Uppe: Tou-Chet."

I hired to work for a farmer for two mouths, at !J35.00 a
month. — This was the first and only good farming country I had
seen since leaving Eastern Nebraska, over four years before,
except that in Salt Lake valley and in Southern Califoi-uia.

Here I found improved farms with orchards, barns, colts,
calves, lambs, geese, chickens, women, children and girls in
their teens, with an occasional buggy or side-saddle to be seen.
So considering me having been raised on a farm and at home,
aud then having been for about five years roving about -a
homeless wanderer, in wild, unsettled desert regions, unblessed
with the innocent prattle of children or the voice of women —
is it any wonder that having become tired of siich a life, I was
impressed, as the plains-tired traveller is on reaching Salt
Lake and Los Angeles, with their fruitful trees and vines, mead-
ows, flowers, singing birds and flowing streams, and as
Mohammed was when he beheld Damascus and exclaimed, that
"man can enter but «*ne paradise."

I worked with a threshing machine, as it changed about
for the man I hired to, frr a couple of weeks, and was impressed
with the bountiful yield of grain, the ground being new and
only the choice spots in cultivation. I then put in the most of
the remainder of the two months in hauling rails and wood
from the mountain for him.

My employer was related to one who had recently been a
Government Indian agent, and himself had been engaged at an
agency and military post ; and I having before and since be-
come intimately acquainted with Government contractors, etc.,

!■ i

112

Tke Walla V/alla Country.

and also with intelligent agency Indians (one of whom wrote
for me the story of his life, which I may give), together with
my personal observations, enabled me to become informed con-
cerning affairs at such places and the mode by which ring
favorites get fortunes and outsiders are crushed in dealing with
Government secret ring agents or officers. I will give a few
points for the information of those who are curious to know
how it is, that one man can take a Government contract for
supplies and make money out of it, while his neighbor, possess-
ing superior business abilities, would lose money.

For example, will consider the grain, hay, wood and horse
supply. The allowance of these, as with other supplies also,
is usually greater than is necessary for the service. Proposals
are duly advertised for a certain quantity or amount of either,
(it being the full amount allowed or to be suffered for a certain
time), the same to be of "the best quality," or "per sample,"
and to be delivered by or during a stated time, or at the
pleasure of the Grand Master, as the case may be. Now this
time may be while the roads are almost impassable, and while
the outsider will bv:) required to fulfill the contract to the exact
letter, the secret brother, who can be relied on as to " division
and secrecy," under the obligations and penalties of tlie ring,
knows that the time will be modified to suit his (their) inter-
ests, and that the quantity, with him, need only be such as is
barely necessary for the service ; though the full amount allow-
ed is receipted, booked and paid for. Thus are favorite con-
tractors and their gangs enriched by government and corpora-
tion contracts, even when the figures are hcloiv the market price.

In the West but comparatively little forage is necessary or
really used, as the stock usuallj' runs out to grass on the ranges
all the year. In buying horses and mules, none but those fully
up to the standard will be received from a full-fledged citizen
of the Government, while from some one who is a sworn subject
of a lurking, foreign, pagan-government, most anything in horse
or mule shape is often taken.

I have known several men who were badly bitten by count-
ing on some of the concessions always accorded to secret sub-
jects. The difference in the cost between a favorite and out-
sider in filling a contract is often twenty-five to fifty per cent.

lount-

sub-

out-

I cent.

5?;

K
K
H

-5!

■'

ill;<>

The Walla Walla Country.

An example given me by the party who furnished the wood,
and who had occasion to procnre full proof of the following ex-
amples of loyalty : For the post, and the year alhided to, the
Government allowed and paid for 575 cords of wood, at !?5.50
per cord, equal to $3,162.50 ; while all that Avas really bought
or paid for was 350 cords, at s2.50 per cord, equal to $875.00.
What per cent, of loyalty is that ?

They also received from the Government, that is not good
enough for them, pay for 500 rations at a time, supposed to be
issued to the Indians, when the highest number was really but
forty-five, and this of condemned stores. What per cent, of
loyalty is this ?

Now take the annual appropriations of Congress, and see
what sworn secrecy-under-horrible-penalties in office is costing
Uncle Sam in money alone !

My informant as to these mere examples, said, he repijrted
these facts, with the indisputable proof thereof, to two city
editors, but they, being subjects of the same secret government,
would not publish them. That he also reported the same to
the Government at Washington, to find that the influence of
their secret government extended there also and was supreme.

And jobs were put iip against his life, and the courts were
prostituted to get liim out of the Avay, so he could not make
any more trouble with their " mysteries."

When extra transportation and supplies are required, as in
case of an Indian outbreak — which is often purposely induced by
the lurking siibjects themselves — -they get contracts to supply
it at fourteen prices, and then sub let it to others, who do the
work and furnish the supplies for small pay.

After a gang has made such a raid against the Government
in the name of the Indians, and has the plunder divided up and
secured, tlicn a feAV journals, as a cloak for their servility, come
out of the dark as follows, btit they dare not strike at the root
and secrecy of the evil; and they are brazen in the assuniptioi;>
that the officials at Washington do not know the " true inward-
ness " of these jobs in advance, after forty years' experience icith
the same go me.

"The Uovernment has finally begun to see tlie 'true inward-
ness 'of the Arizona 'Indian war,' and peace niaj' be looked for

Locate a Land Claim and get Married.

115

uow any day. Not a solitary Iiuliau Avas kilk'd, not a single
pioueer, miner, or any other man who minded his own busiuess,
Avas molested, but several enterprising [?J men made a million, or
so, a piece, out of the scare ; and it was started for no other pur-
pose. Crook broke the Apaches' backbone years ago; the poor
wretches haven't vim enough left to fight a coyote."

When my two months' job expired, the most profitable
work I had learned of was that of making rails and clap-boards
in the mountain for the farmers living out on the streams and
hollows. Rails were worth twenty dollars, and clap-boards
fifteen dollars per thousand at the stump^ and the timber —
tamerack, fir and pine— split well.

There Avas a small company of men thus engaged, who
tried to discourage me, saying, that on account of the scarcity
of money there Avas only a small cash demand for such Avork.
I, hoAvever, found that it could be readily traded for stock,
especially horses, which Avas good enough pay for me. So I
bought an outfit and six months' supply of grub and Avent to
work in the timber, Avhere I split my first rail and clap-board.
Shingles Avere also being made there, by hand, iit four dollars
and fifty cents per thousand.

I Avorked here the most of the ensuing ten months, and
though not very rugged, and unable to do as much hard Avork
as other men, I made 8000 rails and 55,000 clap-boards, Avhicli
was more than Avas done by any other man about me or Avhom
I kueAv of, though to hear many of them talk, they could do
and did more work in one day, than I could in three ; and may
be they could, but, somehoAv, they had not much to shoAV in re-
sults for their superior ability, and those Avho had farms had
poor fences, and their shelter AA'as like that noted in song by
the "Arkansan traveller." I cleared by that ten months' Avork
eight hundred dollars worth of horses and other property, and
had spent more in living than any of them. Besides this, I
moauAvhile located a land claim on the prairie, fourteen miles
away, and built on it a twelve by fourteen feet lumber cabin,
A\hich claim Isold for a hundred dollar mule and fifty dollars.
Had also spent many pleasant Sundays and other days Avith
hospitable farmer friends living in the valleys, and in riding

Ill

i i ' t

116

The "W.vlla W.ujl\ Country.

over the prairies and iu shaded vales in yet more congenial
company.

I kept a saddle horse with me in summer, and as I put on
a clean shirt once in a while, rode about more than my timber
companions; aid not boast of fabulous amounts of work that I
had not and could not do, or even what I did, and asked so
many fool questions in friendly satire, and as though I hardly
knew what timber, land, and work really was ; was therefore
looked upon by some of the innocent settlers with an air of sus-
picion, or of ridicule, that was amusing in its crude simplicity
in judging human character.

Having been out and about in company with a timber com-
}iauiou, he came to me one day in great trouble and vexation of
spirit, saying there was a " terrible storyout about us." "Why !"
says he, " they take me for a highwayman and call you the gniflc-
man rail-maker,'' and he felt that we were fatally slandered and
should weep and wail, or else curse and fight together in
putting the stigma down.

Once I had 4000 clap-boards to make in a trade for a
horse, when one of the boys told me that it would please my
customer to make them very thick ; so I made them very thick.
Then he reported to him that I "had made a lot of wide staves
for liiMi, instead of thin clap-boards, the kind he wanted." So
he spent a day in coming to see about it, but was satisfied
when I promised to suit him entirely ; which I did by simply
splitting each one into two in a little while, which he himself
could have done at home, making twenty dollars a day in domg
it. While I afforded some amusement to my generous com-
panions in toil, I (being incompetent, an orphan and stranger
in a strange laud) — was also a subject of anxiety and care to
some, who kindly made my business and social genial welfare
their ardent concern. This brings my story to the fall of 1871.

The prospect of the early building of the N. P. railroad
had waned, as it was not to be built until other railroads were
built without any subsidy and the country was settled tip, so
it would be a paying investment at once ; thus having the great
laud grant as a clear gift, if, through secret intrigue with
brethren in office, they could hold it against the law.

Fire had destroyed the manufacturing business of my

t )■

[anger
ire to
leHare
1871.
llroad
were
ip, so
great
with

If my

■3

?f<

(1")

h i

118

The Walla Walla Country.

father, and he and my mother had died, so the scenes of my
boyhood, thus saddened, had les'- attraction for me than when I
left them; and finding here apparently as favorable anopportun-.
ity to settle down and prosper, as would be afforded elsewhere,
I concluded to remain, get married, make as good a home as I
was able to carve out of the wilderness, and grow up with the
country.

Was married the same fall, a year after u.y arrival in the
country.

lih

1
If

CHAPTER IX.

A brief descriiJtiou of Eastern and Western Wnshiugtou, ami of the
various sections in each. — Their industries and inducements. — Their
advantages and their disadvantages.

Washington is the most uortli- western territory, or state,
belonging to the Union, with the exception of Alaska. It lies
about ten degrees north of Washington City, D. C. Yet the
eastern part is not as cold in winter as New Jersey, the ground
seldom being frozen as much as six inches deep ; and the west-
ern part is not as cold in winter as it is at Washington City on
the Potomac, and it is more healthy.

Irrigation is not absolutely necessary anywhere in the
state, to raise crops ; but some sections in the eastern part get
very dry and very dusty, and most anywhere more or less irri-
gation is, or would be, if water was accessible, very beneficial,
and so it would be in the states. Though it rains more in
summer in the states, than it does here, or anywhere else on
this coast. But the soil is such that in unusual dry seasons
half a crop is raised without any rain or irrigation.

The state, as a whole, is separated into two natural
divisions, known as Western and Eastern Washington, the
Cascade range of mountains intervening. It contains, besides
the mountainous regions, which are covered with timber and
wood, nearly 50,000 square miles of pasture and agricultural
lands. About four-sevenths of these are classified as timbered,
two-sevenths as buuch-grass prairie, and one-seventh as alluvial
bottom lands. Over half of the timbered and nearly all the
bottom lands lie in the western section ; while the buuch-grass
prairie lauds are all in the eastern part.

The annual rainfall in Western Washington is about
seventy inches, and in Eastern Washington about thirty inches.

Extending far inland from the Pacific ocean into Western
Washington is Puget Sound. Although sufficiently narrow to
admit of both shores being seen at the same time, it is in all
parts of sufficient depth to accommodate the largest ocean-
going steamers, and in places it is a hundred fathoms deep. It

(life

'if

120

Eastern and Western Washington.

11 1 f

has a shore liue about sixteen hundred miles in length, and in-
cludes a scries of land-locked harbors, in which the '* navies of
the world " might anchor in safety. Emptying into it on every
side are numerous streams, some of which are navigable for
many miles into the interior. The bottoms of these streams
are very fertile, and some are spacious, nor are they unhealthy,
as is so usual in the states. These, as well as the bottoms on
the streams that empty into Grays Harbor, Shoal Water Bay
and the lower Columbia river, are the best tame-grass sectioi^s
on the Pacific coast, if not in the United States. These bottoms
are from, say, one to six miles wide, and fifteen or twenty of
these streams are navigable— the Chehalis for sixty miles at all
seasons of the j^ear.

But these bottoms are mostly covered with a dense growth
of brush, vine-maple, aldei', cedar, spruce and other timber.

Nearly the whole of Western Washington is covered with
a dense forest, composed of fir, cedar, spruce, with some oak,
vine and curley maple, alder and other vegetation, belonging
to a warm, humid climate. Between the Sound and the ocean
are the Olympic mountains, with snow-capped peaks ; and
between it and the ocean is the best unsettled section of country
that I know of at this time (1889). Mount Rainier, or Tacoma,
in the Cascade range, is near 15,000 feet high, and its top is
always white with snow. The " Sound Country " has numerous
thriving towns, Seattle, Tacoma, Port Townsend and Olympia
being the largest. The country bordering upon the Sound and
extending back to the mountains, is rich in coal and lumber,
and the soil, when cleared, is more or less productive for hay,
grain and vegetables, also fruits and berries. There are sections
that are most excellent for apples, peai's and plums. Coal is
shipped in large qiiantities to San Francisco. There is quite
a variety of fish in the Sound, and they are abundant ; and so
are clams on the beach.

Cedar trees are frequently 200 feet in height, and firs some-
times 300 feet, and 100 feet to the first limb. Spars and other
rare ship timbers are conveyed from Puget Sound to all parts
of the world. Common lumber is shipped principally to Cali-
fornia, Central and South America, Australia and the Sandwich
Islands. It is a great lumber region, if not the greatest in the

Eastern and Western "Washington.

121

world. Some of the milla cut about 500,000 feet a tiny, each. —
The Souiu-l hawks will ride on hogs' backs while they root
up clams ou the beach, then snatching one will fly high in the
;iir, and directly over some rocky spot, letting the clam drop,
to break it open.

The climate of Western Washington is warm and wet, the
average winter temperature being about thirty-three degrees
above zero, with lots of rain. During the summer season it
rains less and the temperature is milder, but the climate is
quite even the year round. Flowers are often seen blooming
in tlie gardens in the midst of winter. The scenery is grand,
especially in summer when the air is free of fog and smoke.

Eastern Washington is as different from Western Washing-
ton as one country could well be from another. Generally
s}>eakiug, it is an open, or timberless region, and is therefore
chiefly useful as a farming and grazing country. Its chief
rivers are the Columbia and Snake, which h.ave their junction
near the center of the state. Besides these rivers are numerous
smaller streams, that have their sources in the mountain ranges
- some of them flowing eastward from the Cascades, some from
the Blue mountains, which lie to the south-east, and some from
the Coeur d'Alene mountains in northern Idaho. These
streams, with the exception of the Columbia and Snake, are
more or less wooded. They are all more or less deeply im-
bedded below the farming country, the upper portions being
deep canyons. The Columbia and Snake are bordered with
sand and gravel, and rocky bluffs ; the small streams with rich
alluvial bottoms and rocky bluffs.

Taking one's position upon some elevated point, and look-
ing over this vast region of Eastern Washington, the general
appearance is that of an endless contiguity of grass-covered,
gently waving hills. Thus viewed cat a distance, the color of
the landscape is that of a dull gray. The scene is monotonous;
grand, but not beaiitiful, and it makes one feel lonesome.
These timberless hills are covered with bunch-grass or grain.
This grass and a mild, dry climate, made Eastei^n Washington,
Eastern Oregon and Idaho a good stock country. Passing
through the country, especially through the settled portions,
the scene is more interesting, as it has lost its sameness and

122

Eastern and Wehteijn Washington.

Hi if

gained iu variety. Nestled iu amoug these timberloss hills aud
flats, ou oue stream or another, are towns and villages, and
cities of uou-producers ; they are abont one quarter of the
population of the country ; are organized into secret charitable
(?) gangs, and thrive by ruling and filching the producer,
home-builder and immigrants — thej- earn almost nothing, but
steal almost everything — the courts being iu their control.
They are to the people, what the English and German trader
is to the natives of countries they have comjuered.

"For knaves to thrive on — mysterious enough:
Dark, tangled doctrines, dark as fraud can weave."

" They linked their souls

By a dark oath iu hell's own language framed."

These towns and villages are surrounded with fertile and
productive farms. The soil is generally a rich, ashy loam,
which is easily plowed and cultivated, and grain, vegetable and
fruit are produced with much less labor, than in most other
countries. But for the reasons heretofore and hereafter given,
over eighty per cent, of the farms are mortgaged, and the whole
country is held under tribute that Avould make the EgA'ptian,
the Hottentot, the Sepoy, or the Chinaman rebel in his own
countrj'. Therefore, farms can be bought cheap. " Except the
virtuous, men oiujld to he slaves, because thej- are either wicked
themselves, or are ready to crouch before the Avicked. A
feeble herd, happy to crouch to a master."

Eastern Washington is divided up into numerous large or
small districts or sections, usually bearing names Avliich they
have derived from streams passing through them. The
oldest of these is the Walla Walla country, which surrounds a
city of the same name. North of this — across the Snake river
— is the Palonse country, the Spokane country, and the Big
Bend countrv, all lying east and south of the Columbia river,
and west of Idaho.

West of the Columbia river and east of the Cascade
mountain is embraced the remainder of Eastern Washington.
This region is divided into two large districts, known as the
Klickitat country and the Yakima country.

"The Yakima coimtry lies north of the Klickitat, . and in-
cludes an ai'ea of nearly ten thousand square miles. The Avesteru

Eastern and Western WAsniNOTON.

123

, from Elleii.sl)ur<,', south
arc uuineroii.s smaller valleys, iiieluding the

boumlary being the Cascade range of mountains. The Yakima
country is penetrated from that direction by numerous long sjiurs
which trend eastward in the direction of the Columbia. Between
these h)ng hills or spurs are numerous fertile valleys. By some
freak of nature the Yakinui river, which runs southward and
castAvard, cuts through these long hills at nearly right angles, and
in this way crosses the several valleys comi)rising the Yakima
country. The first, and one of the largest of these valleys
through which the rivci- passes, after it flows fi-oni the Cascade
mountains, is the Kittitas valley, which is the centre of a county,
with EUen.sburg as the county seat. Fifteen to twenty miles to
the north of EUeusburg is an extensive coal region, perhaps the
best in the state. And to the north of this are gold, silver and
other nunes. Further down the river
and east of Kittitas,
Weuas, Selah, Xatcheez and the Ahtanum. In the latter valley,
at the junction of a little stream, known as Ahtanum, with the
Yakima river, is the town of Yakinni. Opposite this town (being
like an extension of the iVlitanum valley) is a level, fertile tract of
country known as the Moxee. Immediately south of town, the
river cuts throuth another of the long hills above mentioned, and
enters another valley, the greater portion of which unfortunately
is included within the Yakima Indian reservation. This is the
finest valley or tract of land in Eastern Washington, and if it was
available for settlement, would be one of the most pi'oductive [for
tribute] sections in the West. [Of course] an effort is being made
to acquire such portion of it as the Indians do not need [.'] for
their own use [?], and if the movement is successful, Yakima City
will at once become an important inland city."'

[There are also other people who have more land (that then
have stolen), and also more money (that they have dvkn) '• than
they need for their own use." Why not take or rather nvovcr
these first?]

"Opposite this reservation is an immense country. From th(?
Yakima river it slopes back and rises gently until it reaches the
summit of a long range of hills, and then the slope is in the
opposite direction and towai'd the Columbia. The general name
given to it is Suuuyside. Below the reservation and on tlie
opposite side of the Yakima river from Sunnyside, is a somewhat
similar tract of country knoAvn as "Horse Heaven.'* It being a
good range and largely occupied by horses. The Cascade branch of

k' )

124

Eastern and "Wehtern "WAsniNOTON.

tho Xortliorn I'liciflt; riiilroiul is constnujtt'd up tho Yakima rivei',
and, liko the struam ittsdf, passes tlivouj^li the numerous valleys.
This section yields lar<,'e erops <tf {g'niin, hay, hops, vegetables and
fruits, also t<»l)a<'eo, tiax, hroom-ctorn and suj,'ar-eane. It has a
mild elimate and fertile soil."

Tho Palouse, the Spnkano and tho Colville conntrifs ftre,
in one way and another, e(|ual to tho Yakima. Tho Palouso
will produc3 much more grain, but Iosh fruit, and .so will the
Spokane. And tho Colville country i.s quite rich in lead and
silver, with some gold, and has much fertile soil, with a superior
stock range.

But the Walla Walla country is naturally tho l)est of all
tho sections, it being hardly surpassed anywhere in the world
as a general farming and fruit country.

In the foothills of tho Blue mountains tho soil was eqral
to the virgin soil of Illinois, and the climate generally much
more congenial in winter. About six weeks is the average
time that the ground is too much frozen to jilow. It catches
more of the warm chinook winds than any other section.

Ai)ple and peach trees bear in three years from the seed,
and there are localities where corn, melons, tomatoes and other
vines grow and bear in great abundance.

The Umatilla section in Eastern Oregon is considered as
belonging to the Walla Walla country. The Grand Rondo
valley, in the Bhie mountains in Eastern Oregon, will compare
favorably to the Palouse country in Washington. And the
Boise country in Idaho is similar to the Yakima in its climate,
soil and productions.

Western Oregon is very similar, though larger and
superior to Western Washington ai a farming country. But
it is older, and its timber and mineral resources are not as
great as those of Western Wasllii^gton.

Oregon originally embraced the whole region from California
Nevada and Utah to Alaska, and from the Pacific ocean to the
Eocky mountains, and the Columbia river was named " Oregon."

The water may be said to be universally good throughout
the whole Northwest.

" Where rolls the Oregon, and hears no sound,
Save his own dashings."

MuLTNOMA Falls, Columbla iuyeu, Oiieuon.

(125)

i M

CHAPTER X.

History of settling of the Walla Walla country. — Report of Government
experts, as to the soil. — Packing to the mines of Itlalio. — The market
ami opiJortunities. — The outlook in 1870, Avhen I lamlot'l here. — The
cotintry grasped by its throat ; the Government prostitutoil— lUOO
miks of river navigation to the sea strangled, and the tribute that
was levied. — The resi;lt. — The jn-omised railroad. — First land claim
I located.— Life in the beginning of a home, — Dangers and drawbacks.
— My first outfit. — Sell my claim. — Hunt for and locate another in a
new wild section. — Description of it and the locality, — My Indian
neighbors; how they treated the first wliite men they ever saw. — A
homclniilder's land rights, and what he must necessarily endure.—
Warned of the perplexitie'i, consi)iracies and treason to be plauttnl in
the way.— How we started out to Iniild a good and spacious home. —
Our house, etc. — Travelling, moving and camping in the West. — '2')
miles to blacksmith shop, etc. — The "Egypt "for supplies. — Land
claims located about us and abandoned, are re-located by others
time and again. — My fii'st crop. — Crickets one hundred bushels to
the acre. — So that we are left alone in the " France Settlement. "^ —
The section siirveyed and I "file my claim." — Eaise hogs. — The
result. — Get a band of cattle. — Experience on the range. — Getting
roads oi)ened. — First railroad in Eastern Washington. — Strugglmg
for a livelihood and home. — How I managed. — Other new settlements
and people. — How they did. — "Land hunters." — Prove up, pay for
and get patent for pre-emiitiou claim, and t.ake a homestead claim ad-
joining. — Copy of U. S. i^atent. — How Ave just loi^ed along and ahead
of the coimtiy. — It settles up. — New County ; towns, etc., built. —
Settlers swindled. —Build school-hoi;se, etc. , etc.

1 HE fiioL oeitlements iu the Columbia and Suake river basiu
were at, or near Fort Walla Walla— afterwards the town of
Walla Walla ; ami then on tho through-road and pack-trails
leading from Fort Wallula— on the Columbia river — to Walla-
Walla, and thence easterly— by the Avay of Lewiston — to the
mining camps and military posts in Idaho.

The ferryage for crossing Snake river at Lev/iston was six
dollars for wagon and single team, and one dollar each for rid-
ing and pack animals. And during the rush to the mines the
travel was so great, that a single boat could hardly carr}' it; at
times hundreds had to wait their turn.

These western ferrj'-boats are propelled l)y the current of

The "France Settlement"

127

the stream, by keeping them diiigonally against the current and
iu a direct course by guy ropes, attached to pulleys I'olling on a
wive cable, stretched high across tlie river.

This travel, emigration and military operations afforded
the early settlers of the Walla Walla country a home market for
many years, that was perhaps never surpassed in the West.
They also secured the most desirable spots in the country for
permanent homes — that of wooded streams with prairie bottoms.

Some of these first settlers got their start by digging it out
of the rich placers of Idaho or British Columbia ; others, by
working at such, as teaming or packing to the mines, either on
their own account, or by wages, at sixty to one hundred dollars
a month ; while others again brought it with them across the
plains, or from Oregon.

Found their farm wagons worth here S'200 or 8300, cows
850 to 8100, and good horses and mules also very high, and a
good new range.

There being lai'ge numbers of Indian horses already here,
such and half-breeds were cheap.

Up to the time I came here (1870), Government land was
offered at private sale to anybody, at 81.25, greenbacks, per
acre, and as much as they wanted and could pay for. On
account of the proximity to and richness of the mines, money
was plenty; a good market was afforded (about one dollar a
pound at the mines), so a settler with a broken leg made a
stake out of an onion patch he tended in a season ; wages were
high; all kinds of business applicable to tlia country and situ-
ation, gave large returns, and the miries did not begin to fail till
18G5. And, until it became thickly settled around them, they
had a very healthy climate . Never before, or since, did home
seekers have such splendid opportunities as the Walla Walla
country afforded to its first settlers. Yet, famed and titled,
liigh-fiown Government experts, with l)ig pay and ]K)mp, had
ollicially reported, after expensive examination, that this whole
Columbia river basin was Avorthless for agriculture.

WL'^.^ i came here, about all the 1; nd that had been taken
lip iu the Walla Walla country was a tract adjacent to and east
of Walla Wa'lla; that which bordered on the 'streams, wlxore it
was fertile and otherwise suitable, and tlie holknvs and level

128

Building a Home.

spots containing springs of water and situated on the road
from "Wallula to Lewiston.

There were but two villages — Wall" Walla and "Waitsburgh
- and but four Post Offices in all the region of Washington,
that lies south of the Columbia and Snake rivers, now compris-
ing four quite populous counties, but then all belonging to
Walla Walla county alone. So there was yet plenty of vacant
land to choose from.

But the fruitful neighboring mines were quite worked out,
and valleys near them had been settled and put in cultivation
to supply their wants ; so these markets and sources of money
supply were mostly gone ; river freights were so high, that no
produce could be shipped down to the sea ; the great Columbia
and Snake river basin was without a market, and times were
getting hard when I settled in the country.

This Columbia and Snake river basin is quite barred iu
from the sea by the Cascade mountains. But the Columbia
river gorges through it, making a good natural outlet and inlet
to and from the sea, which could have been made available and
almost free to the people at a comparative slight expense,
by Washington or Oregon, or both, in overcoming some rapids
which obstruct navigation.

The available ground by these rapids was soon acquired
by a close company of secret brethren, who — by buildinj^
eighteen miles of narrow-gauge railway — were allowed to hold
the whole country between the Rocky and Cascade mountains
by the throat, and levy a tribute of untold millions on its
people. They were thus taxed fifty to one hundred dollars per
ton on all tlieir imports, except what ./as hauled in over the
mountains on wagons. And a like tribute on all exports to
the full amount each kind of produce could pay, and continue
to be produced.

To own or control the transportation of a country, is to
virtually own the whole business of it ; because such owners
can thus reap all of the profits in the production of all of its
produce. What more could they yet if they were i ride (hunts and
Dukes and sole proprietors of the land and people?

The tribute paid to these brethren by the United States
Government alone, for the passage through their custom house

Thf "France Settlement."

129

gate, of military supplies, etc., would have more than built
these eighteen miles of narrow-gauge railroad, worked a great
saving to the Government, and afforded to the inhabitants of the
country the utility of about 1000 miles of navigable rivers;
which would be better than the same number of miles of rail-
road built and given to the people.

And the money overpaid to this charitable (?) ring in but
a few (of the many) years by the people, would have thus
opened these rivers, and besides have grid-ironed the country
with narrow-gauge railroads to them.

But the people, not being advanced beyond the claptrap-
catchwords of " Democrat " and " Republican " (both meaning
the gang), allowed brethren in the ring to hold office to the
extent that nothing was ever accomplished against its interests
and for the people's general welfare.

Finally (1876) to hold out false hopes to the people — so
they would not rebel and would continue to vote for the
brethren, and to further fill their pockets — the general Govern-
ment was caused to commence a $5,000,000 or $6,000,000 lock-
canal around the obstructions, which has been used as a blind
for big appropriations by Congress to enrich the gang, — there
being comparatively little work done to open the river.

There has never been an editor in all this upper country,
who dared to give the true secret inwardness of this nefarious
job of clutching by the throat and choking off from the people,
for on^^ or two generations, a thousand miles of navigable
river ;i tU;)t drain a fertile grain and mineral producing country,
th'xi ii. its natural resources is only surpassed by that drained
b} thi ^Mississippi and its tributaries. And when the Govern-
luec* frt-Tier tjy speut as much money as was needed to utilize
all this on single wagon road 4 and trails that were of little use.
And the Washington and Oregon Legislatures (of brethren)
squandered away as much at single sessions.

When the markets of the mines failed to be equal to the
supply, and the natural channel of trade to the sea aad the
woT'ld being still in the hands and power of a foreign — " mogul
)i / , " — secret government, that had its custom house in the
Oil i ass of the country, and was stabbing our Government
into . bmitision, the settlers had to do as the Indians had done

i Mm

1;
t

130

BuiLDiNo A Home.

before — go into stock raising. This demand for stock cattle
kept their price up, until the time I came here, (1870) when,
there being a surplus, they gradually fell to half or one-third
of the former price. A man bought a lot of yearlings at that
time at twenty dollars a head, and sold them three or four
years later for the same price — their growth just equalled their
decline.

The country was on this downward turn when I settled in
it. Thoiigh the people were hopeful that they would dislodge
the mystic pirates on the river ; that the N. P. railroad, or some
other would be speedily built to Puget Sound, and the people
be permitted to ^j-osper. ""Where every prospect pleases and
only man is vile.

The land claim . ad located, was a mostly level and fer-
tile one-quarter section of prairie, with a good spring and
building site by it, and it was adjacent to the "Walla Walla and
Lewistou road noted before. But it was fourteen miles from
timber and wood ; on which accoiint my means were scant to do
the necessary fencing, building, breaking, etc., to afford a living
without working for others at least fourteen miles away; as
nothing could be raised on the place for a year or tAvo, and
perhaps no profit the third or fourth.

There are many expenses to meet all the time in making a
home, though no help be employed, and accidents will occur.
One little one is enough to break a settler all up, if it throws
him into the hands and power of a lawyer or doctor. It being
secretly fixed with the courts of justice (?), that either can get
or spoil all that the victim has, though known to be guilty of
inhuman deceit and malpractice. Thus do so many blacklegs
thrive and homebaiiders fail. And the necessary outfit of
team, wagon, harness, plow, harrow, feed, seed, tools, grub, etc.,
to work with, costs quite a sum.

Of course, one expects to get along for years with the kind
of a house, furnitui'e, out-buildings, etc., that he can build him-
self, by perhaps exchanging work with his neighbor, if he has
any, wherein one cannot work to advantage alone. Nor can he
spend much time in them either, as he has so much other work,
such as breaking, fencing, hauling, etc., etc., that must be

iin-
las
he
rk,
be

(Ul)

132

Building a Home.

' i : ; '

^ 1 'I

'I i

:i
i
t

pushed ahead, or he will be overtaken by the hounds, and
never make a living on the place.

The situation must be looked in the face, and fully com-
prehended without blinking, and any regard for fashion or
appearance to others spurned.

My first team was of wild, half-breed Indian horses ; would
have to catch them with a lasso, and they would snort, buck
and kick to a wagon. And such a wagon ! It was like those
scattered about to adorn (?) the lawn of a blacksmith shop.
But I built 3000 rails for it all the same ; not on account of its
beauty, but to put off the greater expense of two hundred
dollars for a new one,— the secret charitable (?) pirates at the
river charging a tariff of fifty or seventy-five dollars on a
wagon ; and so a plow cost thirty or forty dollars ; and on hard
wood, so that an axle tree, tongue, etc., cost ten or fifteen dollars
each. A man paid eighty-five dollars to have a common farm
wagon repaired.

Kemen.ber gr>ing to a fourth of July celebration and on
other business, and when I went to hitch up, found the double
and whiffle trees had been used and left at a distance, when
with an ax, piece of a rail and picket rope, I made another set
in a very few minutes for the occasion. Such was the outfit we
went about with to keep ahead of the hounds, when not on
horseback, in building a home and competency, and it took two
packs of ravenous, blood-thirsty bloodhounds, and the prosti-
tution of the Government, to hound, intrigue, stab^and ring us
down.

"We would jest and ridicule with those so disposed at our
outfit, or anything of the kind, and hold it to be a new fashion,
soon to be imitated by all ; which happened to be about so,
when, having cut the bush of my horses' tails square off for an
attractive mark I had never seen or heard of, that I would
more surely hear of them when they strayed away ; for after-
wards this mark became the fashion of the world, and men
adopted it for its beauty, who had ridiculed it to me as ugly
and detestible.

Not having means enough to go ahead to advantage on a
claim so distant from timber and wood, and hearing of a fertile
prairie and timber country at the head of the Alpowa, about

Uif,, .

The "France Settle.uENT."

133

twenty-five miles away, where " there were natural meadows of
clover," and situated nearer Snake river (the prospective
market) and Lewiston (the best present market), and through
which were Indian trails and a shorter route for a through-road
from Walla Walla to Lewiston and beyond, I went to see
about it.

Passing over an extensive stretch of unsettled, rich, up-
land prairie, bordering on Padet creek to the west and Tu-Cau-
yon to the east - striking the Indian trails — then going down
into the big, deep Canyon, crossing its wooded bottom and
stream up towards the mountain ; then up and over the brakes
on the trails ; over another stretch of high in altitude, but pro-
mising prairie, reaching south to the mountain, and east and
north to the breaks of the Pataha (Pa-tdh-hti prairie). Settle-
ment on both of these up-land sections had lately been com-
menced, and two or three houses built on each.

You see now, that the "sections" and settlements are
separated by canyons and gorges, and the rough, rocky breaks
bordering thereon.

FolloAving the Nez-Perce trails (as did Lewis and Clarke
the same in 1804) down and across the Pataha gorge and creek,
where it forks ; then on a ridge, between the Pataha and breaks
of the head of the Alpowa, for four miles, and here lay the spot
I was looking for.

It is likewise high in altitude, but is interspersed with
belts and groves of timber — of pine, intermingled with fir,
tamerack and cottonwood, (giA'ing this tract of country a pleas-
ing, park-like appearance, in striking contrast with the treeless
expanse on three sides, as far as the eye can reach — a view of
fifty miles), with prairies intervening, that are unlike in ex-
tent, evenness and fertility ; they being partly arable, and partly
pasture lands.

Of course, there were no roads across the gulches ; it was
as scantily watered as other sections ; the clover meadows were
a delusion ; no post-office, school-house, blacksmith shop,
sawmill, grist-mill, or store nearer than twenty-four to thirty
miles by trail, and forty to fifty by wagon road. And there
was nothing of the kind this side of the big Tu-Cauyon or Snake

I
1

|!' t

134

Building a Home.

river — with its six dollars ferriage to Lewiston. And there
was no grist-mill at Lewiston.

" Alpowai " is Indian for " Spring Creek." It empties into
Snake river. Two missionaries— Dr. Whitman and Spaulding
— 8t()pi>ed a short time at the mouth of this stream on their
arrival from the States to this coast, in 1837, when they planted
some apple seeds here for the Indians. From these seeds have
grown some very large, fruitful and famed trees — living monu-
ments of good men, and the oldest mark of civilization in the
Walla Walla country, if not in the North-west. Twenty-five or
thirty Nez-Perce Indians still (1889) live, farm and raise stock
on the lower creek. But the " Old Indian Orchard " is not
theirs anymore. They long ago renounced their tribal relations
and are good citizens.

At one time they loaned some horses to volunteers, to fight
hostile Indians, for which they never got any pay or even the
animals back. And when Colonel Steptoe and his force got
whipped by hostiles beyond the river— in 1858 - old Timothy
led them out of a death trap, and, with the other creek Indians,
ferried them across the river in the night — thus saving the
lives of over a hundred men, and for which the cowardly-ingrate
Steptoe never even said " thank you."

Timothy's wife died recently (1889), aged ninety -five years;
she remembered Lewis and Clark quite well, and how vv'ell they
were entertained by her people. The oldest Nez-Perces revere
the memory of Lewis and Clark, as the first white men they
ever saAv (1804).

At the time of this land hunting t^-ip (1871), when I located
rny place, there were five or six white men living on the Asotin
creek, twelve to twenty miles to the south-east,— only one of
whom had a wagon — but there was not a white woman in what
is now Asotin county. Jerry McGuire, Noble Henry and Wm.
Hopwood were the first settlers, I believe. Joseph Harris and
Dan Faver lived on the Alpowai creek, Dudley Sti'ain on the
Alpowa-ridge-prairie (which lies between the Alpowa and Pa-
taha). The latter was soon joined by Mr. Harris, who had a
band of cattle to help them out. They and their families
(eight miles away) were our nearest permanent neighbors for

I J,

The "France Settlement.

135

several years, and, happily, they were good and useful oues in
times of need.

The foregoing, with the fifteen ot twenty men living on the
Pataha creek and prairie to the north-west, constituted the po-
pulation of the region between Tu-Canyon, Snake river and the
Oregon line — now forming two quite populous counties.

There was, indeed, a branch Indian trail route— up the Pa-
det creek through this park-like tract (at the head of the Al})o-
wai) - to Lewiston and the Asotin country, and no practical
route across the Alpowa between this and the other one, (that
I tviivelled sixty miles on when I came to the country and
stopped in the " Upper Tou-chet " section), and to the south
are the Blue mountains. But to make a wagon road across
Tu-Cauyon and the Pataha required a great deal of work, which
could not be done until the country along the route was some-
what settled up. And there was road work to do in crossing
the wooded gulches here.

In one of these gulches, where the trail crossed it, there
flowed, for a quarter of a mile or more, the principal spring,
or springs of water for several miles around, and fertile prairie
laud lay more adjacent to this spring, than to any other, that
would afford water for so large a band of stock and for other
business.

Here was " water, wood and grass," with a good sheltered
building place, joined to land ready for the plow ; which is
joined by enough more laud that is destitute of water, so as not
to be valuable to others, on which I could lay my other land
rights, or buy, so as to have enough for a spacious home and
business, to justify the pioneering and toil necessary to under-
go in the building of a home alone in a wilderness.

The Government justly gave to the pioneers of Oregon and
Western Washington claims of 6^0 acres of rich bottom and
prairie lands, bordering on rivers flowing unfettered to the sea;
and it was death to a jumper. Patents to 8000 such "donation
claims '' were issued. Yet, when I had more surely earned, r id
obtained by subsequent and more exacting laws, a less tract of
land in a back wilderness, bottled up aud strangled from the
sea by the gang, the grasping, black-leg, midnight, blood-suck-
ing hounds held it to be death-deserving, to hold and enjoy it.

136

Building a Home.

I;.

l! f «

Thia I will prove in one place and another so plain and posi-
tively, that none biit a contemptible, villainous thief will dis-
pute it.

After looking around, I laid the customary " foundation,"
(four poles in a square) by the big spring of my hopeful desire,
and posted a notice that I hereby claimed it, with a quarter
section of land about it, October, 1871.

This land being then unsurveyed, it could not be designated
and filed on at the Land office, which was at Walla Walla. Nor
could one tell, within forty rods, where his lines would be, till
it was surveyed. As the claim I had located before was also
on unsurveyed land, I therefore had not used, or lost any land-
right in locating and disposing of it. So I had the pre-emption
and homestead rights to use here, and the timber culture and
desert land rights left to use elsewhere, if I so desired.

There were a few other claims taken in this locality about
this time by others, and more the following summer, but they
were all abandoned in a year or two, after more or less work.
For this locality was so far away from supplies, that had to be
hauled by such a round-about way, or packed in by the Indian
trail, and there being no one anywhere near, who was able to
give employment to those short of means, necessary to meet
expenses and go ahead with their improvements ; with every-
thing to buy at big prices, and nothing to sell, it vas a hard
struggle to get along.

There was a surplus produced on the Pataha creek, along
the road ; but oats, barley and potatoes were two or three cents
a pound ; hogs, eight cents gross, and wheat, one dollar a
bushel. And this in the face of a limited and declining
market. Prices got less towards Walla Walla— which was the
Egypt of the new settlements - and greater towards the mines
of Idaho and British Columbia.

A future market depended on a river or rail outlet to the
sea, and on a numerous immigration, that must consume before
they could produce.

The prices of merchandise were between that of a settled
farming country and a mining camp. My store bills for seven
years, after we were married, run from $150 to $350 a year.

However, thinking that what by our ability, industry and

get

The "France Settlement."

137

economy we honestly earned, we could hold and enjoy in
peace, we concluded to go to work and build a good and spacious
liome here, and we went at it full of hope and ambition, to
succeed in the face of both ridicule and earnest advice.

One who did not toil or spin, yet gathered in other people's
barns and things, impressed me with other and easier ways to
get a competency, than such a hard and homely way. "There
are other ways for you to get along, better than by work —
whatever you do, let such work be the very Ixist thing to think
of doing," he said. And he warned me of the tangled meshes
of perplexity, and the treacherous, deadly mire of grim con-
spiracy and treason, that is masked and planted in the way, to
stab, bleed, ravage and murder the homebuilder; examples of
wliich will be given in other chapters.

True, I had some business ability and experience in the
real and living world, and by linking in with the gang that
prostitutes the courts, could have acquired larger tracts of
laud and ready made homes without any toil, as so many
charitable brethren do. There were others with ridicule or
advice, who had not ability enough to make a living for them-
selves.

But no one questioned our rigid to build, hold and enjoy
a home here if we could ; and certainly no one then envied the
prospect or place. Some declared they " would not settle in that
neck of woods for a deed to a township of land." But, having
no responsible guardian, I went ahead and laid in a supply of
necessary implements, tools, etc. ; grain for feed and seed ; a
few hundred feet oi lumber; a year's supply of grub, clothing,
etc. ; settled up my accounts ; gathered up my stock — in which
our start thus far mostly consisted ; parted from what little
civilization there was, and went to work on the place.

Our house was a log cabin, neither spacious nor elegant,
but being the best we had ever owned, it seemed to us to be
both spacious and elegant. And the furniture would have sold
for not more than $2.50 in a town.

But, " the house and home of every one should be to him
as his castle and fortress, as well for his defense against injury
and violence, as for his repose. "

138

Building a Home.

Il<

" Tho true test of liberty is in the practical enjoyment o.
protection in the- riglit.

"Where tlie same laws extend to all the citizens of diifer-
ent denominations; where the poorest claims obtain redress
against the strongest ; where his person and proi)erty is secure
from every insnlt within the limits assigned to him by the
known laws of his country."

Thus we started out on the rugged road — that not one in
fifty travels over successfully — without pomp or assistance, but
full of love and hope, agreeing in all things, truly in earnest to
succeed, and asking no favors of men.

Nor were we at all dismayed by any such stumbling blocks
as the first, cast in our way at the critical outset — the worse
than stealing of a few hundred paltry dollars in property, that
was an absolute gift and heritage to a child from her grand-
mother, greatly enlarged by her own skillful endeavors.

In travelling in the West, as in moving, etc., one carries
picket-ropes, grain, grub and blankets and camp out, because
money can be more easily saved in this way, than made by
working ; and, except an occasional ranch on a main road
such accommodation, houses of any kind are not often avail
even in a storm. But witli a good outfit and agreeable com-
pany, camping out can be made enjoyable.

The plows in the west are of steel, and must be frequently
sharpened by a blacksmith. The nearest one for me during
the first season was twenty-five miles away. He used bark,
not having time to burn coal ; he was a skillful mechanic, and
Sam Miller was a good man. After this there was a black-
smith but eight miles away. When my plow got dull, would
hitch on two more horses— making five or six — to stave oil'
such trips.

But the hauling of supplies from the nearest ' Egypt,'
over long and often bridgeless and otherwise almost impassable
roads, to a new settlement, is a great drawback. And when
this is prolonged by failure of crops, by insect or other pests,
it is so costly and discouraging, that many fall back.

The claims about us that had been abandoned were soon
relocated by other men, who added somewhat to the improve-
ments on the same. But in the following spring these settlers

Vable

,heu

jests,

30on
I'ove-
tlevs

' 1 '

'il {I

(139,

140

Building a Home.

1m ^i

m !

i L ir

took spells of gazing intently at the ground. An old prospector
—passing through on the trail for a season's prospect in Idaho,
with his pack mule following like a dog— inquired of one of
these gazing homebuilders, " have you struck a color, pard ? "

But he gets no reply or notice ; and no wonder, the ground
is indeed " lousy."

The homebuilder from Kansas — as he gazes at, kicks and
stamps the fertile soil — is heard to mutter " Grasshoppers, by
G-d!"

His past experience loomed before him like a hideous
dream. Heretofore he could mortgage his home for a little of
something that was portable, and skip to the trackless West.
But there was liobody to invest anything in such a prospect, as
was here, and the trackless West was about run down.

A company of Nez-Perce Indians rode carelessly and
happily by on the trail ; they were well-mounted, also well fed
and clothed, and had as good a home as the homebuilder.
They were going to some camas or kowsh ground, where a sort
of wild potatoe grows in abundance and variety, and where
fresh meat could be had for the killing. In a month they
would take a fishing excursion, and it was all a pic-nic.

As they pass along, the Indians, perhaps, discuss the white
man's boasted civilization, and point out examples to their
children. Be this as it may, the Kansas and Washington
homebuilder looks up at them and wonders why he never had
the common sense of an Indian.

The hoppers turned out to be big, black crickets, though as
destructive as grasshoppers, and often more so, many men
wasting a great deal of time in ditching and otherwise fighting
against them. This was in 1873.

That spring I had twenty acres into grain — on land I had
broke the spring before — and a big garden. My first crop.

Had also a good start of expensive stock-hogs ; 8000 rails
into fejce ; and had set out an orchard of about 200 trees ; and
had done a good deal of road work.

I commenced to ditch against the crickets, but finding it
useless, gave up my whole ci op to them without a whimper.
Some people haven't sense enough to know vlieu they are
whipped. They overcrept the land more or less, for fifty miles

The "France Settlement."

141

around, taking the gardens, except peas and potatoes, and the
small crops of the new settlers. The large fields of grain of
the old settlers, being more than a supply for them, were only
partially destroyed.

While I went straight to breaking twenty acres more
prairie for a bigger crop next year. I was the only one in this
section that did so ; and in a few months was the only man
living on his claim, in the now known as the " France Settle-
ment." And nobody yet envied me my possession.

The crickets left us potatoes and peas, that they did not
like, and enough grain to winter the thirty-five head of hogs,
that promised to give us a lift the following year. The pest
was an all summer's feast to them.

I cradled over all of the twenty acres, and Miauled and
stacked the grain alone. The same summer and fall this
section of country, 6x12 miles — two townships— was sur-
veyed, as near as essential, into forty acre-square tracts.

So now I could lay my place definitely by the lines, and file
i. y claim to it at the land office, after some months, when the
office got ready for it.

A portion of my field curned out to be on a "School
section," (th&re beinp; two such in each township) but having
settled before the survey, could therefore hold my claim as it
was, except that I must draw in or push out to the survey
lines. Could take four forty-acre tracts, but they must be con-
nected and butt square against each other. Could do this and
form the claim either in a half mile square ; a mile long and
one-quarter wide ; in the shape of a T, L, or Z : whichever
would take in the most desirable land.

However, as there was a law- -that was being generally
availed of in the old settlements— for leasing such school
sections, in v.hole or in part, at a nominal sum ; and as this
tract waa entirely destitute of water, so that it Avould be of
little comparative value to others, I did not file on any of it,
thinking that hereafter I could lease, and afterwards buy— if it

142

Building a Home.

I ill fit

W-i

was sold — such portion as I might need in my business, and
was able to pay for according to present and future laws. I
could get a few acres of laud in the garden of California, on a
clam beach on Puget Sound, or in the Sandwich Islands —
enough for a bare living. But, of course, I wanted land
enough for a desirable home and a profitable business and for
my children. What else was I here for ? What other induce-
ment was there to pioneer in a back wilderness while it would
produce nothing but big, black, hungry crickets — a hundred
bushels to the acre ! Nobody wanted to murder me then for
my possessions ! Even the Indians looked on me with com-
passion as I struggled along, and they never did us any harm,
with all their opportunities to do so.

While I was thus earning a competency, members of the
charitable (?) gangs were conspiring tc steal school and other
lands by the section and township, as will hereafter appear.
And that they were held up for admiration by high officials
who conspired to murder me by inches in cold blood 1

Not finding it profitable to raise crickets and grain at the
same time, I thought I would try to make something out of
the famous bunch grass range. So that summer (1873) I got a
band of over 100 stock cattle to keep on shares for half the in-
crease. But learned by the following spring that the range
for cattle was greatly over-rated, except for those having secret
influence at court, so they can make their losses good from
other people's bands with impunity. I had provided feed on
the range where the cattle were running, and fed those that
were unable to rustle. Though it was a moderate winter, and
theve was grass in sight all the time, but few of them did well
on the range. So I traded the business off for six good milch
cows with calves, and having two, made eight cows, or sixteen
head of my own.

The man I traded with made nothing out of the band.

Whenever a snow storm set in I straddled a horse and
struck out over the range — five to fifteen miles away — to see to
the cattle.

The "France Settlement."

143

It is a pitiful sight one sees in riding over these western
stock ranges in winter. Cattle gather in on streams and
ravines for shelter and water, where they will stay and starve
for feed rather than strike out and climb for the bare wind-
ward side of the hills, or when they are on the leeward side
of a hill or gorge, where the sun strikes with good effect and
keeps the grass pretty bare of snow, they will stay here and
starve for water, and then go to the, perhaps frozen-up, creek,
where, if the water happens to be open, they will drink to
excess, and then stop in the brush and trees — if any there be —
and starve for grass. If no water, they moan and die for a
drink. The feed near watering places is always eaten off close
in summer. It is here that cattle largely pine, are cast, and
die ; here they battle the fates and each other like men ; half a
dozen big, long-horned steers gore a single crippled, weakly
animal down or fast in a drift of snow or wood, because it does
not belong to their band or clan. I found a cow thus wedged
into a clump of trees and hanging by the hips with her knees
down the bank on the ice, and her calf bleating pitifully near
by. One sees many calves bleating in despair, pining and
dying by their cast, dying and dead mothers, while clans of
wolves are barking and feasting on their quivering misery, like
clans of human kine. Cattle gather in on the Columbia, Snake
and other rivers, inflamed and crazed with burning thirst,
3rowd out on the ice for an opening in the stream, when the
ice breaks and they are drowned— whole bands at a time.

Early in the spring, before many owners know what the
winter has left, cattlemen of the clan that rules tlte court,
strike out and gather up about everything that can travel,
drive them out of the country - often to British Columbia — and
sell out, to do it again and again. But when one, who has
been but a hired hand for these gentry, steals but a few head
on his oicn account, he is branded as a " cattle thief," his prop-
erty divided among the court gang, and he is sent to the peni-
tentiary for five or ten years.

The sur^ )y plats being received at the local land office,
from Washington, I filed my Pre-emption claim and received
the following receipts :

V' i

■"1

l|!.

(144)

The "Fuance Settlement."

14J:

I had from six to thirty-three months from date of settle-
ment to pay $200 for this claim and get a patent for it, when I
could take a homestead claim.

It being uncertain as to the time I would need to do this,
my settlement was dated only about a year before I filed. The
word " Unoffered " means that the land was not for sale out-
right, as it had been about Walla "Walla up to 1870.

I had been working to get a county road laid out from
near Dayton, up Padet creek, through this section to Lewis-
ton. And with the assistance of Messrs. Stringer <fe Whaley
(then living on Tu-Canyon) it was viewed out, surveyed, mile
posts set and granted — fifty-two and a half miles — October,
i874

But there was yet mucli work to do to open it, which cost
me — first and last — much time, labor, and other expense. And
afterwards I likewise secured the cross roads that are in this
section.

The cricket pest was still (1874) in the land, and besides, it
was a dry, hot season.

I had sown 60 bushels of grain — mostly wheat — that I
had hauled fifty miles ; did not make enough out of the forty
acre crop to pay for the seed.

The Mogul pirates, still having control of the rivers of the
country, and the immigration being the wrong Avay, my ex-
pensive hogs were only worth two and a half cents a pound.
So the crickets were of no more use than the River Clan.

Some of the clan about this time relieved the county
treasury of about $20,000 in cash. Then an error (?) was
"discovered" in the security bonds. All the officials were
sworn brethren, so nobody was punished, and the people paid
for the charity !

A man built a wooden and strap-iron railroad from Walla
Wfilla to the Columbia river, thirty miles. He got $5 and up-
wards per ton for freight, though much was hauled on wagons
as before. But the river tariff was so high that it did not pay
to ship grain anyway. There were not even any gx'ain shipping
facilities on Snake river in 1874. Up to this fall, with all my
hard work and farming and expenses I had had nothing to sell
10

wr.

146

Building a Home.

i
I. ill

but some horses and cattle from my little herd, and was
$200 in debt. But had managed to yet have a good start of
horses, cattle, hogs, hens, etc., and had pushed my improve-
ments w&y ahead : yet, nobody envied the place.

All the places about us were now again either abandoned
for good by the owners, or for an indefinite time, and we were
alone in the settlement.

Even our staid neighbors — Harris and Strain — were
about to leave the " damned country." I was berated and my
sanity questioned — more than usual, and in no uncertain sound
— because I did not join in cursing the country and leave it
when others left. But such rebukes of fortune— as natural
pests or accidental injury— not being due to conspiracy,
treachery, or breaches of trust, caused in me no bitter sorrow
or any loss of sleep, and a\ « were not unhappy.

Moreover, I had quit prospecting for an undiscovered,
ready-made fortune, had settled down to earn at least a liveli-
hood ; did not expect a picnic and had not found any.

And the other new settlements before noted could be
bought entirely by the claim for much less than the costs of
the improvements, and some of them were now deeded land.

Many who had got in debt, and most all had that could,
had to sell their places for what they could get to other
home-seekers, who were able and willing to take their turn.
Money was very scarce and hard to get. Old settlers left their
families and went 200 or 300 miles away to work for money, to
pay for their land and to meet other expenses.

Those who had bands of cattle, horses or sheep, and were
out of debt, could hold their own and more, with good manage-
ment and no bad luck.

I had made some money by working and hauling for
others, etc., and bought a better wagon, harness, plow, etc.
And now sold all of our cattle except two, also a horse, hogs,
potatoes, chickens and butter ; paid up what I owed, bought
seed for another year— still fifty miles away — and laid in a full
year's supply of provisions, clothing, etc., and some cash in
hand for another siege. Plowed ten acres in December,
when it set in cold, for a very hard winter. And we made a

■i-

The "France Settlement."

147

visiting tour of six weeks as far as "Walla Walla and beyond.
Then I hauled and cut up my regular year's supply of wood for
stove and fire-place - spring of 1875.

The country between the Snake and Columbia rivers —
known as the " Palouse " and " Spokane " sections— through
which the Northern Pacific railroad had been located, had
been more or less settled up. But on account of the tariff
extorted by the river pirates, and failure of the other charit-
able clan to build the promised railroad, almost all of these
settlers, except those well provided with stock, had starved out
and were now leaving the country for Oregon, California, and
the States. Jmmigrants came in and took their places.

Others who held their own, or did even better — in spite of
the adverse situation - were set upon and pillaged more di-
rectly by brethren with influence at court, and their places also
were taken by others. Some left the route of the railroad to
settle nearer Snake or the Columbia river, thinking it would
be opened first. But it is still fettered by the sworn clan.

The cricket pest was now past, but the hard winter, to-
gether with the bottled condition of the country and other
afflictions, further discouraged settlers, and during this sum-
mer of 1875, many also left this division. But others came
in to take their places and continue the struggle on both sides
of the river, until their successors should come. And a few of
the claims that hael been abandoned about us were re-located.

I spent much valuable and often thankless time in riding
about and otherwise assisting these migratory land hunters.
My house and grain stacks were always open to them without
charge, as well as to all travellers passing through on the
trails. As my place was widely known • " often the only
convenient place to stop at, many availed themselves of it ;
were frequently crowded in this way.

Besides farming, in 1875, 1 worked with my four horse
team in hauling for others, including freight from Walla Walla
to the Lewiston stores. It was five years this fall that I had
worked hard and put it mostly into this place. And having it
improved enough for practical use, I wanted to prove up and

IS' 11 /J-lllil

148

Building a Home.

I-

get a patent for it, so as to add to it au adjoining quarter
section below, that was vacant.

I asked a man to lend me the necessary $200 at one and a
half per cent, a month for the purpose. " Yes,'' he said, " but
I must have other security />f.s'a/<'.s a mortgage on the place."
Yet I had done $600 to $700 worth of fencing and breaking,
and $200 or $300 of other work on it.

It is about the usual thing with homebuilders to have to
face a lawyer or doctor's bill of $250 or more — for a week's
service of mal-practice, backed by the ring courts — at this
stage of the struggle, or before, when it takes $5 worth of hard
earned property to get one dollar in money. Pause and
reflect.

I had escaped this, though I had sacrificed $350 at one
time, and $250 at another to thieves, rather than undertake to
buy justice of the court gang. So was able to borrow $200 (of
another money-lender) to prove up and deed the land, which I
did and filed a homestead claim.

Then, having built a log house, 16x22 feet, corral, sheds,
hen-house, etc., on the best building place, at the lower spring
in the spring gulch before noted, and just on this homestead
claim, we moved there September, 1875.

The 320 acres contain 160 acres of arable land, the rest
being either timber, steep or rocky, but all good for pasture.

What good rail timber was handy had mostly been cut
and hauled many miles away, so I had to go as far as six or
seven miles back in the mountain for my future supply. But
I had good teams now and wagon, was practically free of
debt, had means to employ help, Avas otherwise so much better
fixed lo get along than at the outset, and there being no more
insect pest, that we just loped right along and ahead of the
country.

Columbia County was formed out of Walla Walla County
this fall. And as there was now about 200 settlers this side of
Tu-Canyon, they started a town in it (" Marengo "), made au
eflfort to btild and own a grist-mill, and vote the county seat to
this place. They lacked the votes necessary to get the capital,
but money and work was generally subscribed by these poor

o i

rest
re.

cut

Bx or

But

e of

etter

nore

the

[unty
of
le an
|at to
jital,
[poor

150

Building a Home.

^ ■?! r-!

half-housed, mortgaged settlers to build the costly mill as a
joint stock concern.

Here was a chance for some brethren having secret influ-
ence at court, to get control and engage in a swindle. Of course
they did, and did nothing but manage the business against the
victims, and grasp for money.

The mine was equal to what would be a moderate lawyer
or doctor's fee for each outside investor.

FnoM THE Press, Seven or Eiqht Years from the Beoinnino.

"The Marengo mill dilHculty lias at last been arranged. The
remaining indebtedness of the concern has been raised among the
unfortunate ones who signed the notes, although it will nearly break
up a number of our best farmers to pay the amount subscribed."

Also. — "Mrs. W. S is very sick. It is doubtful if she will

recover. She is destitute, all her means of support having gone to
furnish whiskey and other luxuries for some of the Marengo mill
thieves."

Some got very indignant at me for refusing to take any
8tv*ck in, and for ridiculing this scheme. One of whom after-
wards skipped across the British line and started a masonic
newspaper with his plunder.

After the hard winter of 1874-5, common stock cows fell
to $10, and the remnants of bands left by the winter were sold
very cheap. Even stock men were breaking up now and leav-
ing the country in disgust. Horses, however, were more re-
garded, so one was no longer laughed at in reply to an offer to
trade them for cattle.

I thought this the time to buy cattle, and in the ^'ollowing
winter bought twelve good milch cows at $20 each, making
15 in all besides their calves, and soon had a fine band of cattle.

In 1876 I threshed 1,000 bushels of wheat and barley (and
had lots of other produce) being the first grain I threshed with
a machine. It was the first time I could get one, or a thresh-
ing crew ; and now had to go eight miles to do so after em-
ploying every settler and land hunter in my settlement. And
had to take a ten horse power outfit that took three and a half
days time and pay, all around, to do the one days work, and
leave one-third of the grain in the straw. The ground yielded
thirty to fifty bushels to the acre.

large

The "France Settlement."

151

And for the ensuing six or eight months A-No 1 wheat
and barley would not sell for more than 25 cents a bushel any-
where in the county, or in Walla Walla county either.

" Never before have I heard so ranch talk about hard times. The
general question now is, is your grain attached '? There having been
several attachments in this pai-t. Cannot the nierchanta avoid heaping
costs [say $150 each] on the already overburdened farmer until he can
market his M'heat ? "

Later. — " It is asserted by some of the inhabitants that there is not
money enough in the county to i)ay its territorial tax, and we noticed
four dei)uty sheriffs rustling for county taxes. One of these rustlers, but
a short time since, Avas loud in his denunciations against having the stock
sacnficed to get tax money, but he struck a happy thought, so ho wrote
to the sheriff for a deijutyship and obtained the same. About the first
man he struck shamed him oft' of his place. Property must be sold for
taxes if buyers are to bo found, and if not, then the county will have to
collapse. We were told that one of the county commissioners said it was
impossible for him to pay his taxes."

However, I was fixed to pay my harvest and other ex-
penses without selling my grain for 25 cents a bushel, and
found a market at Lewiston that winter for the wheat at 45
and 50 cents a bushel, and barley at $1.25 per hundred pounds ;
the latter delivered at Fort Lapwai, twelve miles beyond.
Don't know what it cost the Government, which should buy direct
from the producer.

I induced the ferryman (Mr. Piercy) to cross my four-horse
outfit over the river for $2 a round trip. I believe this was the
first crop of grain ever ferried across Snake river.

There was no one living on the road at the time from one
and a half miles beyond my place to Lewiston, or between that
place and Fort Lapwai. I had before made the first wagon
tracks from my place to within five or six miles of Lewiston.

During the summer and fall of 1876 there was quite a
large immigration in this country, and the vacated claims about
us were again taken and many new ones located.

And settlement to farm was commenced in the "Dead-
man," " Meadow Gulch" and " New York Gulch" sections, lying
west of the lower Alpowa and south and east of Snake river,
and north of the stage road and the Pataha creek. I believe

Building a Home.

r 1

the first grain raised in this section was in 1878, after wliich
time it was mainly settled.

Two miners ou the way from the Idaho mines had perished
from the cold, or been killed for their dust at the head of
Deadmau hollow and creek near the road— lienco the name of
" Deadraan." The gulch and stream are about 25 miles long.

And settlement to farm was commenced in the Asotin
country to the south-east. As it was also on the bench or
plateau lands about Lewiston, 1876.

With this immigration and these settlements, a town-site
("Columbia Centre ") was located four and a half miles west of
my place, on this new road, at the forks of the Pataha, and a
steam saw-mill, grist-mill, store and blacksmith shop set up.
And the towns of Pomeroy and Pataha City on the creek lower
down wero started — each with a grist-mill, store and blacksmith
shop, 1876-7.

All of these places were between our place and Tu-Canyon,
which up to this time had to be climbed over on the way to the
mills, stores, graneries, etc., of " Egypt."

A grist-mill was also built at L'^iwiston, 1876-7. Asotin
City was laid out at the mouth of Asoiin creek on Snake river,
1878 ; is now the capital of Asotin county.

Sometimes immigrants settle in family or little contracted
sectarian groups, each grovelling close within, averse to each
other, the people and the world — as in a strange and foreign
land, so that a full and general neighborhood meeting and
greeting of a Sunday is never seen. While others of a more
travelled and expansive turn, yearn to encompass broader
fields. The one as insects whos.e world is but a single leaf.
The other as comprehensive man, whose visions see and com-
preher.d the whole tree and forest.

Yet by the sting of an insect, man may die, and b theii
multitude forests be destroyed.

In the spring of 1877 the settlers in this "'' ce Settle-
ment" had a schoolhouse meeting, at which w reed u a
location for the proposed school house ; subscribed the .eces-
sary lumber, other material and work. And afterwartls met
from day to day, and built the best school house except one, I
believe, then in the county.

CHAPTER XI.

An Indian war. — Neighhoring Indians go on tho war-path. — Tho reason.
— Description of their domain. — Their horses and cattli'. — "A job on
Uucie Sam."— How they plead for their connlry. — "Earth governed
by tliesun," ete.^ — Wliointliey kiUed. — Howtliey nuirelied and fought.
— Settlers eitlier stampede or gather in fortresses. — ^Eft'orts made by
men to have other tribes break out. — For plunder. — What an Indian
must do to become a citizen. — How Indian claims are jnmj)ed. — What
the Indian was before the advent of the Whites. — Their government,
pursuits, etc. — What fire-arms and whiskey did for them. — How they
started fire, lived and died. Their religion. — How to iminove the
Indian. — "A cry of the soul "

1 HE summer of 1877 Chief Joseph and his band of Nez-Perce
Indians, joined by White Bird and Looking Glass with their
bands of the same, went on the warpath against Gen'l Howard
and his army, assisted by Generals Gibbons and Miles with
their troops. The Indians numbered less than three hundred
men, besides their women and children. They were non-treaty
Indians, and each baud owned separate tracts of country.
Their country had been bartered to the Government many
years before by a chief, who was not, however, recognized as
such by this portion of the tribe. They denounced the trans-
action as fraudulent, and could never be induced to receive any
portion of the stipulated annuities or pay.

The Government had built a grist- and saw-mill, and
established an agency, and fenced and broke for them patches
of land. But they were not to be deluded into civilization, and
be governed by ring agents in any such way.

They could see nothing in the mode and vexation of living,
as practiced by the ignoble poor and ignorant of the Whites, to
cause in them any desire to become similarly situated. They
believed white men and their agents to be vile, grasping,
treacherous, tricky and mighty uncertain. And the chiefs de-
clared, that their people could not be educated to successfully
compete with them, and combat their whiskey and contagious
.md loathsome diseases.

As it was, they were healthy, well to do in their way, happy

(153;

MBi

154

An Indian War.

contented md free, and Lad leisure from toil. They could not
see more for them in civilization. They could not expect to
achieve for their race, that which a great majority of the white
race were ever struggling and toiling for, but failed to possess
aud enjoy.

Joseph's bard consisted of eighty or hundred men, besides
their v/omen and children. I had seen him, and talked with
many others of his band ; and was well acquainted with several
of his tribe. One of whom had been to Washington, when they
were bartering off their country, of which distinction he was
very proud. It can easily be imagined, how the more simple
of the Indians could be deluded, and the more vicious other-
wise managed, by experts, employed but to succeed.

I suppose the records at Washington show that every foot
of land now, or ever, claimed by the Government, was honor-
ably treated for and bought of the Indians. But, if the race
was to-day strong, enlightened, and had a newspaper press, to
work against diplomatic liars, they could, with any acknowl-
edged standard of honor and law in one hand, and a rifle in the
other, burst into flinders enough of such titles, to give each
tribe a city and a good-sized bank account, — amid the plaudits
of the whole world ; when, perhaps, they would take more
kindly to civilization.

A part of Joseph's coveted domain lay in my county, and,
extending into Oregon, where it mainly consisted in the high,
frosty Willowa valley, containing about enough arable land for
each of his band a farm, less in extent than that allowed to
citizens under the homestead, pre-emption and other acts. This
section they used for a summer range for their herds of horses
aud cattle, just what it was best calculated for. The rest of
their country was steep, rocky, wild and craggy ; consisting
principally in a canyon, about 2500 feet deep, through which
runs the rapid Grande Konde river, which empties into Snake
river. Here is where they lived in the winter with their stock;
this canj'on affording j, good winter range for them. There is
no river bottom or arable land in it, except a patch here and
there of a few acres, some of which the Indians fenced aud cul-
tivated. But it was all a good game country, and there was
also good fishing. One could see bands of deer feeding a mile

of
m

The Truth about Indians.

155

away, but it might take half a day to ride to them, on account
of some deep, steep, rocky ravine intervening. There were also
mountain sheep, elk, bear and other game.

I was through this portion of Joseph's domain, hunting
out a route for a through road from opposite Lewiston to the
Wil-low-a country for the county. Others with me, who alike
indignant and impressed with the ruggedneso of it, declared
that " Joseph must be putting up a job on Uncle Sam, to get
him to buy the waste, and move him and his people to a
country more suitable even for Indians." But with its good
winter and summer grazing, its good hunting and fishing
grounds, its rapid, laughing waters, and it being an inheritance
from their fathers for many generations, it therefore just suited
Joseph and his band.

Joseph portrayed and supplicated with much feeling, in
exhortation to the grasping invaders, how his grand father
Joseph had, on his death bed, exhorted and obligated his father
Joseph with a solemn injunction, to " keep, cling to, and hold
with his people this their country," and how, in turn, his father
had laid the same injunction on him. But they exhorted and
supplicated in vain.

These Indians excelled most others in ability, appearance,
living, dress and wealth. And they were peacefully disposed
towards the Whites. I never heard of them stealing anything
from even those who were encroaching on their domain. But
the time had come, when they must forsake their country, go
on to the reservation, and live as the poor, ignoble and ignorant
white man lives, or fight ! .

In pleading their cause, one of them said, that " the Eartli
was governed by the sun," and taking a piece of earth in his
fingers, crumbled it fine, letting it fall to the ground, saying,
that " rather than be ruled by the treacherous, grasping Whites,
he would become as that piece of earth;"— dust to dust. And
he died, fighting for his liberty and country. When war had
been declared against them, they first killed the men they could
find who had taken action for their removal from their country,
about six.

When with the bulk of their horses and their families on
the travel with them, they combatted, out-generalled and out-

.Uif.S,

156

An Indian War.

fought over 1000 soldiers, citizens and officials, who were en-
gaged against theuij in one way or another, all summ(r. Old
soldiers, who followed them all through the campaign to the
surrender in Montana, say, that they were better trained and
did fight and charge more bravely and desparately than our re-
gular or irregular troops ; that their horses were trained to
stand alone under fire, while they dismounted and charged the
soldiers among the rocks and clifi's ; and thai their systematic
manoeuvering and horsemanship was unequalled anywhere.
They would shoot under their horses' bellies, etc., while riding.
An Indian of another tribe told me, that some of themselves
had horses trained to drop down behind a bush, rock, fallen
timber, or other obstruction, when under fire ; that he had a
horse " that had more sense than himself." And these Indians
never saw West Point.

Joseph sternly opposed the committing of any outrages,
usual in war, against persons or property, except as to those,
who had or were actively engaged against them ; for which, it
is said, the more vicious of them became rebellious. That this
element had a captive woman with them, and, after some of
their own women had been killed, they killed her in revenge, or
that their squaws did it — the same, however, of whom white
men frequently marry wives, and, 'tis said, they are good and
true. That, after several of their own wives and children had
been killed, Joseph saved, mounted on his horses, and sent
away out of danger, women of his enemies, and for which some
of his men called a counsel to kill him.

At the outset it was unknown which way the Indians would
go when attacked, to drive them to an equality with the ring-
ridden Whites, or what depredations they would commit in re-
venge. It was thought by many that they would raid th?'ough
our and adjoining settlements ; a few soldiers were stationed at
a pass back in the mountain, and for a time nearly everybody
in the section about us, and to the south-east, either left this
part of the country, or gathered into fortresses. Some were
warned by Indians to leave. I was busy with my work all the time
and did neither. I would soonertrust my home and family to Jo-
seph and his tribe, than to many white men with more secret, self-
ish and hellish tribal relations; as they are more vile, cruel and

)Uld

ing-

re-

ugh

this
rere
ime
|jo-
lelf-
ind

■a'

. in

(157)

|i« < : i

1 1 ^

riiv

1 '• ■:

158

An Indian War.

treacherous than the worst of savages, as will be made manifest
to the most careless understanding.

On account of their superior generalship and training, had
the diflferent Indian tribes of this upper country been so mind-
ed, they could have laid waste all the settlements in the
country, as Sheridan did the Shenandoah valley. And secret
riug-men tried to instigate and goad them into a general out-
break, so as to feast in the blood and dostruction.

While a peaceable chief (Moses) with good record and
principle, was continually riding from one of his bands to an-
other, to pacify, prevent and hold them from rising to join
Joseph, White Bird and Looking Glass in their revenge, jobs
were piit up on him, and he was thrown into prison by the
gang, backed by a servile press ; just as they do with other
outsiders who are in their way, or to grasp their money.

It does not appear that either General Howard or the
Secretary of the Interior were in with this job ; as to which I
herewith give an extract from the oflBcial report of the Secretary
of the Interior at Washington, dated 1879.

" There never was any trustworthy information in possession of ibis
department, to justify any suspicion aato the conductor intentions of this
Indian chief (Moses), on the contrary, he is known to have rendered good
service during the Bannock trouble, in maintaining peace and good order
among the Indians under his influence. But the efforts to take his life,
or at least his liberty, or drive him into hostilities, appeared to be so p^n--
sistent, that it required the most watchful and active interposition on tlm
part of the Government to prevent a conflict. On several occasions I
requested the Governor and General Howard to personally interfere and
protect Moses. "

And it is further declared that by Moses' eflforts a general
Indian war was prevented.

In Indian campaigns the transportation and supply
accounts are immense, (though the common soldier often fares
no better than the Indian warrior without any paid quarter-
masters' department), and the plunder therein is a big object
to secret brethren.

" General Crook was asked if the present campaign would put
an end to Indian outbreaks in Arizona. He answered with a
smile : * I know and you know that a great many people make

The Truth about Indians.

159

money out of Indian croubles. These same people exercise con-
siderable influence in control of the Indians.' "

The Nez-Perce Indians were rich in horses and cattle, and
in land to sustain and enlarge them. Some of them owned one
or two thousand horses. And among them were race horses,
equal to those bred by their white neighbors, and which they
would frequently beat on a track for coin.

Several companies of volunteers went to assist General
Howard and Co. in fighting these Indians, and they captured a
good many horses and cattle. Every few days during the cam-
paign some of them would pass my place with a band of Indian
horses, and all covered with glory and dust. These bands
numbered from a dozen to 150 head. Three men stayed at my
place one night with 125 of Joseph's cattle. They thought the
Indians had more stock and land than they needed. And men
who had never earned a dollar by work in their lives, and would
steal and ravage before they ever would work, exclaimed, that
"the Indiarcd should he made to work ! "

To know and comprehend human character of each sort
correctly, it must be realized that there are widely different
elements and dispositions in each race, tribe and even family.
That there are but individuals, or a comparatively small
element of the Indians, that will flay alive a captive because he
belongs to a hostile, grasping race. And we should show them
that there are but individuals, or a small element of Whites,
who glory in killing their women of any tribe, and in dashing
out the brains of their children on the rocks, or who kill Indians
whenever they find them alone and defenseless, just because
some other of their race had, perhaps, committed a similar out-
rage on some one dear to them long before.

And let us look to those of virtuous pretentions, in high
station, ^vl.o directly and indirectly practice, with impunity,
heartless cruelties and traitorous prostitutions — deeds of dark-
ness that would make a savage blush !

" To become a citizen, the Indian must make affidavit before
some qualified person, that he has severed his tribal relations. He
must also bring two witnesses, to testify that he has severed such
relations."

If.::?:

hi i

' ■ '^^'s.!

'lilrt:

160

An Indian War.

Why is it that they are denounced, plundered and killed
for clinging to their tribal relations and government, and re-
quired to renounce that first, before they can be citizens with
us in our Government ; while, at the same time, we suffer sivurn
subjects of more secret and selfish tribal governments to pass
as full-fledged citizens, and to hold office and prostitute our
Government, to rob us and the Indian with impunity ?

" Sitting Bull is evidently a very observant Indian. He de-
clares, that, if affairs continue on in the same groove, the Indians
will not have ground enough left, upon which to stretch their
tepees and rest their limbs, and that they will have to pay taxes
and be as poor and ragged as pale-faces."

As follows. — " A delegation of Indians came up, on their way
to Fort Walla Walla, for a conference with the commanding
officer, concerning the jumping of their land The Indian whose
land has been confiscated is very intelligent. It seems that he
had a small place under cultivation, with fence, house and stable.
The jumper has filed on the land, and now requests the dusky Sis-
kiow to hiack dataica, or he will blow off the top of his head.

Siskiow remarks that he is not as young as he used to be, or
he shoiUd not allow the jumper, or any other nuiu, to scare him
out of house and home. He has concluded to have a talk with the
commanding officer and the land agent at Walla Walla, and find
out whether he has any rights a Bo^-con man is bound to respect."

" This place was the scene of the misunderstanding last spring
between the Whites and Indians, which looked as if it might prove
serious. It seems but little encouragement for Indians to try and
adopt the habits of their ' civilized ' brothers, by locating and cul-
tivating their land, if they are liable to lose it any time their im-
provements are worth the taking."

While we are enjo^^ng the fame, glory, plunder and victory
over these poor, damned, friendless Indians, let us at least con-
cede to them the skill and the bare, fruitless sentiment of
patriotism and valor that is due them.

" Slowly and sadly they climb the distant mountain and
read their doom in the setting sun."

Intelligent old Indians, of different tribes, tell me that they
were very numerous in the north-west before the advent of the

The Truth about Indl\ns.

IGl

Wliitos. That they were healthy, vigorous, and endowed with
fine constitutions, and were not on the decline.

The principal trouble with them was that they gloried in
war and j)lunder, one tribe Avith another, and battles in which
1,000 or more Indians were killed, are related. The smaller
tril)OS would often combine to fight a stnmger one, such as the
Sioux, as do civilized nations. And their great war chiefs were
glorified as those of the Whites are to-day.

It does not ai)pear, however, that they Avere quarrelsome
or criminally disposed within the tribes, and peace and justice
were maintained without prisons or taxes, or much trouble or
pain.

They cultivated no habit or taste that could not be easily
supplied to all. They enjoyed and had leisure for the hunt, as
much as an English lord. They appear to have been more
happy, and have gotten as much good otxt of life as do the ring-
ridden, toiling masses of the Whites. The introduction of fire-
arms among them, first by the Hiidson Bay Fur Company, in-
augurated a more peaceful era among the Indians, as the more
destructive war machines have done among the civilized
nations. But the whiskey, diseases and vices of the Whites
have proved far more fatal to them than their wars. Con-
sumption, deadl}' fevers, diphtheria, small-pox, measles, scro-
fula, and more loathsome diseases are said to have been un-
known to the Indian tuitil thoj Jkic known civilization.

Nor did they have any medical colleges or dollar-a-mile
doctors. A steam bath in their " sweat house " was a remedy
for about all their illness. The}' had no taste for salt and used
none ; nor tobacco, oj^ium, etc. They started fires with punk
and friction. The Avhirling of a hard stick set on to jDunk, by
looping the stick in a bow string, will soon produce fire.

The greater part of the country west of the Missouri river
is more adapted to the raising of buffiilo, deer, elk, goat, bear,
rabbit, and other game, and horses, than for anything else.
And before the advent of civilization — that slaughtered them
off for their pelts, and the sport (?) of Ininting down, maiming,
killing, and seeing God's beautiful creatures suffer, quiver, and
die— there was a great abiiudance of such food supply. Deer
was as easily caught as sheep are now, and destroyed the
11

;Si ^i

i m.

162

An Indian War.

crops of the first settlers ou Pu<^et Soiiutl. This great natural
fooJ supply — together with the fish, clams, berries, roots, and
seeds that made a rich flour, atforded food in great abundance,
move healthy and better than that had by millions of the
children of boasted, flaunted civilization, with all their endless
toil, diseases, vexation, sorrow and vices.

And by a little care and regulation this natural God-given
IVkhI and clothing supply could have been increased to support
a population — dressed in seal-skin and martin, instead of calico
and dungaree — as dense as iu the present toiling, vexatious and
vicioias way.

It soeras that even in Europe it has been found the best
economy to raise game instead of grain. Grasshoppers, un-
seasonable weather, fashion, the prosperity of others, had no
terrors for the Indians, and they knew not suicide or insanity.

Thus did the red man live — able to si^uvn common toil like
a prince, enjoying the sports of the chase like a nobleman, the
glories of war like a Bonaparte, Hannibal, and Grant. And
had leisure for study and that rest, that the Whites can only
hope and pray for iu heaven. This thing, called civilization
indeed ! has proved to be a humbug to every people in the
history of the world tliat have tried it very long, so that they
either called a halt, like the Chinese, or perished like the
Indian under the ban.

As to the religion of the Indian before the advent of the
Whites, it appears to have been similar to that of the Chinese
from Avhence the race is believed by themselves to have come
(crossing Behring Strait, or by the Islands). It is a sort of
Spiritualism — that all animals have immortal spirits. It is iu
accordance with the same that they had their favorite or
attached horses, etc., killed at their death, believing that the
attachment and association of these spirits -man and horse,
etc. - before death would continue after death in some form if
freed of the body by its death.

They worshipped the sim, etc., as great sources or main-
springs of life and goodness, as some Christian people do the
" harvest moon."

They say as to their belief in an intelligent supreme ruling
power, a living God, "gi'eat spirit," " happy hunting ground,"

The TiiUTH about Indians.

103

or any comprelieuHivo future existence, that this is all au iu-
veutiou of the Whites.

Like so niauy of the Whites, the religious belief of
most of the Iiuliaus is very vague, and they are ready to
change it for auythiog else that will give them cash or in-
creased happiness in hand.

If the Indians are to be benefitted by the better element of
civilization, they must be dealt with more honestly by the
Government, and protected against the depravity of the worst
elements, masonic agents, etc., or else be permitted to protect
themselves against the lurking serpents. And the same can
well be said as to the simplest and artless of the white race
also.

A CRY OF THE SCUL.

" I have reail iu the lore of long ago
How a symbol of our life below
Is II boat, Avith piilsieil men to row,
And a bliuil man at the rudder ;
Or a pensive, mild-Gved mo*,her of kiuo
Thut roots and grubs in the ground like swine,
With a serpent at the udder.

O shaven i)riest, that pratest of souls,
Knowest thou not that men are moles

That blindly grope and burrow '?
The field that is gray shall be green again.
But whether with grass or whether with grain
Ho kuoweth who turns the furrow !

It is onh' a steji from cradl"^ to grave.

And the step must be taken by knight and knave.

By stupid alike and clever ;
For sleep is a death that lasts but a night.
And death is a sleep when the lips are white,

And open no more forever.

O poet, be still, with thy maudlin verse ;
For singing of love, when lovo is a curse,

Neither mars the thing nor mends it ;
And sure as death and sleep are twins.
So life in mystery begins.
And another mystery ends it !

'"^1

•^i

'^ m

'Hi

9, nK

5'riB

< MP

i"*f

I'M!

\\\-'^ t

i"'!! 'ill

r .

164

An Indian War.

And lio Avlio only sleeiis for n night,

Though never before were Lis ilreams so bright,

Shall surely awaken wilh the light

To another day of sorrow ;
So better by far the sleep of the dead,
For the sleeper that sleeiis it need not dread,
Though hard be the pillow beneath his head,

The doom of a sud to-morrow.

Ah, life is a riddle that none can guess ;
And wlietluT it curse, or Avhether it l)less.

Depends on no endeavor ;
For the spider of fate, witn a thousand eyes.
Sits weaving its web for human flics ;

And the flies buzz on forever !

And the wolf of hunger, gaunt and grim.
Full often stops at the door of hiiu

Who was cradled in bliss and splendor,
And the Avolf of sin and the wolf of woe
Lie ill wiiit for souls that are white as snow,

For the spider of fate is their sender.

And the king, who lifted his hand to slay.
And the priest whose blue lips tried to pray,
And the lieggar in rags, who V)Ogged his way.

All beaten and brown with the weather ;
And the poet, who sang his song so sweet
That the maiden knelt and kissed his feet.
While he wrapped her about with her winding sheet.

They are all rank grass together.

And the greener the grass on graves, 'tis said.
The surer its roots to be dam^j and dead.

For both have a common mother ;
And death is a rest, and death is a spell;
And life is heaven, and life is hell.

But each completes the other.

Ah, true was the myth of long ago,
That a symbol of our life below
Is a boat with palsied men to row,
And a blind man at the rudder ;
For life is a pensive mother of kine,
That roots and grubs in the ground like swine,
With a serpent at the udder."

ttt;-

CHAPTER XII.

Inilians, contiinml. — Chief .TfKsopli. — Wliitt- ]>ir(l. — Lookiu^ frliiss, and In-
dians generally. — The White l?inl fi^lit.— These Indiiins in early
days. — Their fliM-ks, hi>rds mid tino fiirnis. — The resiiU of the war to
the Indians. — "Cold-blooded treachery." — How chief Joseph treated
white prisoners. — "The glory of the West."— C!ol. Stejytoe's defeat. —
"For God's sake, give me something to kill myself with." The others
saved hy other Indians.--An ingrate. — Col. Wriirht's vietory.— (i'.tO
liorses butchered.— How Wright treated Indiiii prisoners. — ■•The
Chief Moses outrage."— §70,000,000 sipiandered by the gang.

Will resume us to the Nez-Perce, or Joseph, White Bird
and Looking Ghxss outbreak, and Indian aft'airs generally, by-
condensing from the press.

The White Bird Fkhit, xeau Fok't Lapwai, Idah(\ LS77.
"When the Indians attacked Col. Perry with about fifty men,
they expected to be repulsed, and then fall back a})uut a mile
where was thcnr reserve force of about sixty, entrenched for the
purpose of receiving the troops, as they pursued the advance
skirmish oii their retreat. But their advance iu'\-ei' 'lad to reti-eat,
for Col. Perry aiul the troops fled in i)reeij)itaney almost at the
first fire, and never did stop until they had gone four miles up the
canyon. The Indian reserve never came into the fight, except a
fcAV old squaAVS, who, on seeing the soldiers in flight, followed
close up, to plunder the dead. They were frightened at the first
volleydischarged in their direction, and Col. Perry was determined
to save his own scalp by flight. So demoralized was he, that he
said, he kept one charge in his revolver in order to shoot himself,
in case the Indians were about to capture him. lie had rode down
one horse and took another, belonging to a soldier ; and had not
W. B. Bloomer, a citizen, notified him of his danger of annihila-
tion, he would have rushed into Rocky canyon and been slaugliter-
ed. Bloomer called to him to stop, when Perry says to him, "then
you lead the way out of this."

But Lieutenant Theller gathered six or eight soldiers around
him, and stood off the Indians and f uight them until every man
of his squad, includihg himself, was shot down. And for eleven
days Col. Perry's dead soldiei's lay nu)rtifying in the hot sun on
the field of battle, while the Colonel [a masonj and his fleeing

(165)

166

Indians, Continued.

force were at Cottonwood in pKxl (juiirti-rs, niid the Indians liad
left and <;(>ne to Salmon river and across. The citizen volunteers
buried Perry'.s dead.

Manuel lay concealed in the brush near by, and persouall}'
saw the Indians, wluMi they made their breast works of rails, the
iiujnber wlio Avere there, and the numlx'i' who sallied out to uieet
the soldiers; and he says that not more than lii'ty of tht" Indian
warri(»rs left the breast woi'ks, and that there were not atanj'time
uiore than 200 Indians in tlie hoh-.tile ]iarty at the time of the
White liird lij^ht.aiid from fifty to sixty of thes(> were women and
cliildreu. After the li;nht, when they had their revelry over the
victory they had ji'ained over the soldiers, 3Ianuel was within a
few yards of the ])ai'ty. concealed in the brush, and could see ami
liear all that was done and said. He is willinj;' to make oath that
at that time not nioi-e than 200 men, women and children were in
the hostile party.

Such are some of the facts that [Mason] the ])retended histo-
rian should liave embodied in his pretended history, instead of ex-
eusinfi" the commander [Mason], Avho lii'ld the key jjosition on the
hill, when the lijiliting eomnienced, and could have easily held it."
—'' Lndstun Tcllrr."

Why shoukl the people support a horde of such loafers to
command real citizens of the Government in time of war ?

"Cui1':f Joseph. — By liis perfornumces became entitled to be
recognized as one of the remarkable men of the age. One more
day's march would have jtlaced him inside the British dominions.
For four months he had eluded his pursuers, having travelled
more than l.")00 miles through the wildest, rockiest and most
nu)untainous region in Amei-ica. Ib^ had crossed ranges, leaped
canyons, and swam mountain torrents; all this Avhilo carrying
with him, on this remarkable flight, the woinen, children and
property of his tribe. He had been pursued altogether by several
armies, any one of which far outnumbered his force. He had
fought five battles against an eyemy, sui)plicd with all the re-
sources of modern warfare, and each time he had been i)ractically
victorious. Had he had the least suspicion of Miles' api)roaeh, it
is evident that his fertile genius Avoidd have eluded his enemies
once more, and have been able to laugh at all their toil."

''A Black Page of IIist(jry. — In the fine- address delivered
before the Oregon Pioneers' Association by Col. Geo. H. Curry,

ill'

Indians, Cdntimki).

1(17

we And the f()llo\vin<y : On tin' third day tVoin M'eiiijjf tlie si<,'nal
Hniokc [while iiniiiiynitiiig to Wi'sterii Ori'j,'ou in early days], wo
arrived at the rim of the Grande Hoiide vallev. Lookiiiu' down
upon thi.s, the most beautiful valley in Oregon, we could see large
numlKa's of Indians ridinsr over the j)lains. No choice was left
us, friendly or warlike, we had to i)ass through that valU-y, and
down the hill we stai-ted. lieaching the foot, we soon learned that
the Indians we had seen were a lai'ge band of Cayuses and Nc/-
I'crcM's, who, following a custom taught them l)y Di-. Whitcnian,
had come this fai-, to meet the immigrants, trade with them, and
protect them from the Snako Indians. Here, for the first time in
several months, we felt safe, and went to sleep without guard,
leaving our hungry stock to feed at will among the abundant
herl»age of the (irande liondc.

The smoke Avhich had caused so much appi'chension was the
Xc/.-Perces' signal of aid. It was the fiery banner of friendship
and succor, sent aloft by these dusky people to proclaim their
presence and good will.

The sad n *' *tion, consequent upon reading this passage, is,
that these friendly Indians, who protected the Aveary and famish-
ing Oregon pioneers, should have subsecjuent ly been the object of
the most outrageous, unjust and iidiunian persecution that our
Ciovcrnment ever inflicted upon tlie Indians, (ienerals Howard,
Gibbons and Miles, who were ol)liged, r.nucr the orders (»f the
Government, to execute Secretary Schui'/'s inhuman orders for
the ejection of the Nez-Perces from their homes, unanimously
testified, that these Indians had reached a comi)aratively liigli
stage of civilization ; they had flocks rmd herds, had fini^ farms;
were a biave, manly, si)irited race of men, and so humane, that
they forebore to murder, scalp, or otherwise torture our wounded,
that fell into their hands.

In their retreat through our settlements they did not murc.cr
or rob ; they paid for their supi)lies and only aski'd a peaceful
l»assage in their flight. Gen. Gibbons describes Chief Joseph as a
man of high intelligence, and of superior military talent, Avhose
men were etpial, man for man, t*) our soldiers, and who out-gene-
ralled and out-fought us in everj' fight. [Why should not such In-
dians be given commands in the army, over the masons, in times
of war?] When Chief Joseph surrendered to General IMiles on
honorable terms, which stipulated that his people should not be
removed to Indian territory. Secretary Scliurz disgraced the

ir.S

Indians, Continued.

r'; I

I ill

Government by violating the terms of suvj-ender, [but was the
masonic President dead ?J and General Miles never ceased to pro-
test against this outrage. BntSelmrz persisted in removing them
to a disti'ict in Indian territory, where the tribe died of disease,
like nlii "p witJi th( foot rot.

The only excuse for the Nez-Per(!e war Avas that greedy men
wanted vlie splendid grazing and farming lauds of the tribe.
[There was plenty of just as good and better land that was vacant
at that time ; it was more, for the jdundcr of the Indians of their
other property, and the Government, in the furnishing and trans-
portation of supplies by the gang that had so much evil iutituMice
at court, and are sworn subjects of tlieir secret mogiil govern-
ment that prostitutes ours.] So these Indians, who had pro-
tected llie Oregon i)ioneers, who liad offered an asylum to settlers
fleeing from the savages in the Indian war, wlio had laid aside the
inhuman practices of scali)ingand tori ureof captives, [even Avhile
the (lovernment hired and armed other Indians who did this
against tlie Nez-Perces], Avlio wei'c rising steadily in the scale of
industi'ial aiul agricultural civilization ; these Indians were lashed
and goaded into rebellion, and fought a heroic figlit against our
soldiers, who heartily sympathized with these brave men whom
they were ordered by the cold-bloodivd [tools of the gang] to shoot
down aiul evict from their honu^s. It is the Vjlackcst picture in
the \vi;!)]e history of the diialings of tlie Government with the
Indian [but it is not very far from a fair sample of the whole],
and we have no doubt, that the Oregon pioneers who were aided
in the Cayuse war by these Nez-Perces, agree with General
Gibbons, who to this day pronoun(!es the Nez-Perce war as a cruel
outrage, contrived by |tlu' gang] anil executed by a secretary of
the interior, who was as cold-blooded and treacherous as the
nu-anest savage that ever wieldtu tlie tomahawk and the scalping
knife." — Porllnnd Oregon ian.

Yet he Avas a pretty good Christian comparetT to brethren
who were appointrd to high offices out here.

^'AuKAXSAS City, Kan., Maucii 20, 1885. — Information is
received here that the remaining members of the Nez-Perce
Indian tribe, with the noted Chief Jose2>h, are to be transferred
from tlieir present reservation in Indian territory, where they
are dying by the score from broken hearts, to their old reserva-
tion in Idaho. In 1877, when Joseph and his men went to war

Indians, Continfeix

1G9

with the White s, lie couducted one of the most wonderful niarehes
and sueeessiou of fights in the iinuals of Indian warfuri', and
when, at last, he surrendered to General Miles at Bear Paw moun-
tain, ^[ontana, in the fall of 1877, he was over 900 miles from his
reservation.

Chief Joseph, at last, Avould only throw down his arms upon
the promise that he and hU tribe should be returned to their old resir-
valion.

And so well wore they intrenched behind stone fonces and
brcastwoi'ks, that ^Miles' men could iiot dislodii'c them, and it one
period of the fight, when General Allies asked his (H)mmand if
they could not drive them out by assa^.'t, they replied, 'Charge
hell ! SVe are not Sioux ! ' it beiiig- generally known tliat the
Sioux were the only Indians that would charge the Nez-1'erces.
The tribe are to be transfernnl to the land of their forefathers.
Of the (iOO men, women, and children, who surrendered, over oOO
have died of broken heart.s, ami the only flourishing spot within
100 miles of their present reservation is tlicir graveyard, wlu'i'e
newly made gi-aves are to be seeu on all sides. Chief Joseph has
cheered up his tribe by the .t'ords that sonu' time the (ii-eat
Fathei" at Washington [with the permission of the g'ang] Avould
keep his word and let them return to tlu'ir own hunting grounds
near the setting smi.'"

"Chief Joseph, the Nez-Pei'ce, who, with his tribe, ('^OO
strong, of the best fighters the United States troops evei- met in
field, canyon or ambuscade, broke out in June, 1S77, and after a
march of nearly 2,000 miles, were finally captured at TJear Paw
moTintain, near the British line, in November, the same year, are
now on their way back to the home they love so well in Idaho.
Of the 800 who left bu' '^'»0 are left, and <)f these 119, with Chief
Joseph, will be taken to the Colville reservation, and the re-
mainder will b taken to Lapw i. With the single exeejition of
Joseph himself, theC'hiefs of the outl)reak are all dead, i^ooking
Glass was killed by General Miles' troops at Bear Paw, RaiuViow
we saw lying dead with a bullet through his brain and his face up-
turned to the sky on the Big Hole battle-groinul ; he was the first
Indian killed as he was going out at daybreak to gatln'i in his
horses. Tooi-hool-hool-.snit was killed on the same field and his
body dug up by Howard's Bann(»<-k s<'(tnts, scali)ed, and a general
war dance and corrobboree lield o^-^r his carcass. Caps-caps, who
was prominent in the Salmon rivei* massacre [?] is al^o dead,

'! :' ii

< ■' v

170

Indians, Continued.

having been killed in one of the numerous engagements. On the
surrender. General Miles gave his word to Joseph that he should
be retxirned to his own country, but such has been the ojjpositiou
of tlie Avhite peoi^o [who had stoh'U their j.roperty and had inlhi-
enee at court] it has not until now [when their property is si'cuved
beyond their reacli so they cannot " make trouble"] deemed ad-
visable to alhnv them to return, and, hence, Joseph will be placf-d
on a reservation far remote from the scene of his depredations.
Wlienever lie had the oi)portuiiity, lie spared the lives of the
prisoners wlio fell into his liaiids, and caused to be delivered,
safely and unharmed, two ladies, who with their jiarty were at
the time in Yellowstone Pai'k. Jo.seph interceded and sent them
on their way rejoicing, Avlicn they hnd been condemned to death.
[I wonder whether these ladies did anything for Joseph's justice
when he Avas in distress.]

He has paid dearly for his crimes ['?] the A'engeance of all
should be glutted by this time.'' [Having got away Avith their
hoiiit's and herds, and robl)ed the (TOA-erniiiriit out of l>ig ])iles ol
money; y»^s, these gentlemen, Avho "lashed and goaded tht-m
into an outbreak" for plunder, miglit foi-gix'e them now, if they
will forget it all and say nothing about it. J

"At last, after AViiiting nearly eight yenrs, the remnant of
the Nez-Peree tribe, which was transported to Indian 1<'iTitory,
after (he sui-render of Chief Josej)!!, is to 1)e l)rought liack. Of
OA'er .jOO persons that left, le.ss tlutii half remain, the others filling
graA-es in the land of their exile. The story of tliis exile is a
pitiful one, and that they have amply atoned for their crime [?] ;i>
a tribe few Avill deny. Since their departure great changes haA'e
taken place in their old homes, and their retui-n need cause no
alarm, for it Avill be a broken-heai'ted, broken-si)irit*'d band,
filled only Avith the desire to Ha'c at pi^ace Avitli their surroundings,
and lay their bones in the soil their ancestors have claimed for
generations past." Marrh, 1885.

" The Nez-Perces and Cayuses Avere. by all means, the great-
est tribe.s Avest of the liocky Mountains. "Why, they used to
roam iis fiir east as the Missouri liver on thrir hunting (■xi)edi-
tions, and if they chanced to meet a Aviir pjirty of iiiiy tribe, they
"Wore ready and prepared to uphold by strength <jf arms the glory
of the West.

An officer who fought in the rebellion, told me that some of
the fiercest and most valiant fighting he ever engaged in Avas with

iwm^i

r:)f

Indians, CoNxrNUED.

171

the Xez-Peret's. Tliey, he said, nuiiiitjiined a solid front in
l)attlt>, and fired and niana'uvered as if tliey had been drilled by a
graduate of West Point."

But they o?</-manceuverecl and icJn'/jped such graduates.

"(Story of Coi.. Stkptoe's Defeat hv the Spokane Indians.
And CoLi. Wright's Victory over the Same and
their Horses.
By L., in '•Ort'fjonian.^'

In the sprinj^ of 1858, some Palouse Indians stole some stock
belonging to the (Tovernment from the vi(!inity of Fort Walla
Walla, of which Lieutenant-Colonel Steptoe was in command, at
the sam<' time certain complaints of disturbances and dangers
caused by Indians, and suffered by miners in or pi'oceeding to the
Colville mines, were also brought to the same oflficer's notice.
Two miners coming overland from Thompson river, British
Columbia, to Colville, had fall(Mi vicitims to the savage ferocity of
some natives, of what tribe it is impossible to say. Such being
the case, Stei)toe judged it projjcr to eoiuluct an armed expedition
■o Colville to in(piire into the matter, and pnnish the murderers
and restore order. (.)n his return he '"allowed" (Stc})tor was a
Southerner) to stop in at the hoine of the Palonses and see about
the stock they had lifted. The Palonses were not, on the whole;,
very desirable ncighboi's. If then' ever existed a jteople to which
they might fairly be compared, it must have been tlir ancient
Scotch borderers, whose 1>usiness was theft, and whose numbei-s,
as in the case of the Indian tribe, were recruited from the worst
and most desjK;rate individuals of all the neighboring nations.
Notie^r mu.<^i here be taken of the l)eginning of th'c; tr()ul)le — the
proposed government military I'oad from Walla Walla to Fort
Benton, on the up]ter ]\rissouri. |Tliis road alone cost the Govern-
ment more than would have o}M'ne(l 1,001) miles of river naviga-
tion free to the peoi>]e, down to the sea. And it was not half
built. And the C oveniment spent ten times as much on each of
other roads that were never even ojien to travel. J The military
and topographical engineers had ]irfinonnced it ))raclii'able. and
the secretary of war had ordered the survey. Ijieutenant Mullan
was ordered to ])erform the AVork, and Avas to have an eseort of
^>ldiers from Walla Walla. He was to set out in ]\lay, b*^.'»s, but
so slow were the motions of the autliorities that the Indians heaid

,111

I-

I A

172

Indians, Continued.

^^ilS'^

of it, and imnicdiatcly conchuled tliat it was but a move dt'signcd
for takiiii;- away tlicir country. They hcc^aine nt'rvous, and tlioir
spirits bt'inj^ 2)i't'yt'd upon h^ dedgning met}, tlioy coni))ined for
resistance.

It is proven by good evidence that when Steptoe and his loO
men set out on ^lay (5, IS.IS, to march north-east frojii "Walla Walla,
the .suiiply of ammunition which was intended to be taken, was
taken back to the magazine because there was no room foi* it in
the packs of the 100 mules. So \\w men set out with only the
ammunition (tarried in their cartridge boxes. Hence occturred the
disaster. The force consisted of two howitzers, five company
officers, and \~)2, men.

The line of march led tlu'ongh what are now Columbia and
Garfield counties, and the Snake riven* was i-ea(!hed at Alpowa
creek, where a small l)and of Nez-Perces I'esided, whose chief,
Timothy — a Christian Indian — was a firm friend of the Wliitcs,
and who still continues to live at the spot. Timothy, with three
warriors, joined the command — a circumstance upon which de-
pended the lives of all. Marching north, the exi)edition ap-
proached four lakes, (the medi(!al lakes) where a great body of
Indians were met, who threatened violence if the trooi)s did not
at once tui'ii back and get out of the country. It was resolved to
return to Walla Walla. They broke camp at thi-ee o'clock in the
iiKU'iiing, followed by all the noisy horde of savages, who seemed
intent on fighting, and only waited for the trooj)s to strike the fli-st
blow. Sal tees, a Cour d'Alene chief, appeared, accompanied l)y
Father Josef, the missionary to that tribe, and held a conference
with Steptoe, the missionary interpreting. The chief then shouted
something to his followers, when Levi, of the Nez-Perces, struck
him on the head with a whip handle, exclaiming, '' What for
you tell Steptoe you no fight, and then say to your men, wait
awhile ? You talk two tongues.'' [Getting civilized likeaGovernor.)

The fight began as tlie command appi'oached Pine creek. Ap-
proaching this creek, the command passed down a ravine, and on
reaching the stream the Indians commenced firing from the
bru.sh on the south side and from various elevated points nearby.
Lieutenant Gaston charged forward and cleared a wav to \\w
highlands southward, and the entire force gained a conunanding
positio... The liowitzers were unlimbered and opened on the foe,
and one or two charges were made. Two privates were wounded
and a blundei'ing soldier killed a fi'iendly Xez-Perce, mistaking

1(1

Indianh, Continued,

173

liim for an eiieiiiy. Again tlie ivtrcat Avas resnincd and continued
tlii'oui^li tla' foronoon, tlu* Iiulians following closely and ligiiling
with the troops in the rear. As long as their ammunition held
out they were kept at bay, but Oaston's men having fired their last
cartridge, he ((Jaston) sent to Steptoe recpiesting him to halt long
enough to pi'ocure ammunition. The re(pu'st was not graifted.
On an-iving at Ca(!lie (;rcek, word was passed t'lat Lieutenant
Gaston was killed, and the order to halt was given. A \ iolent
struggle took jdiwe over his bod}', the liidi.ans seeriring it. Tav-
lor was killed there and two pi'ivates, P.ai lies and DeMay, were
killed or mortally wounded, and anothsr one was wounded by an
ari'ow from u dying savage. Ijieutenant (rregg called on the
main body of troojis for volunteers to relieve the rear guard, but
only ten men res])()nded. lie ordei-ed them to fall in behind him,
but looking back directly after, found himself all alone. The
heroic rear guard repulsed the Indians, however, and the com-
nnuid went into camp oi; the spot. Pickc^ts were thrown out, and
such of the dead as could be found were buried here. The
howitzers were also buried, but the pack train ami provisions it
was decided to leave for the Indians, in order to delay their
pursuit. The savagc^s were encamped in i)laiu sight in the bottom
waiting the morrow, when they would make a last onslaught and
end the contest with a genei-al nuissaere. Their sentinels had
surrounded the camj), and were guai'ding all the avenui^ of t.xit
save one, which it was not supposed >'.e soldiers could tra\erse.
lint this became their salvation, for the pass was known by the
Xez-Perce, Timothy, and through it he led the ti'oo])s to safety.
]..il for him, ju-obably, not one of the c(.'mmand would have
escaped.

The uight was dark and cheerless, and when the proper time
arrived the entire force iru)unted and followed the chief in siniile
file, as noiselessly as possible, through the unguarded pass. Two
wounded soldiers. MeC'rossen aiul AVilliams, the one shot through
the hip, the other with his liack broken, who, tied ui)on horses,
begged to be killed at once rather than l)e tortured by such a lide,
and becoming untied, were left alive on the trail, a i)rey to the
Indians — a fearful fate, too hoi-i-iMe to contenqtlate. '' For (rod's
sake, give nu^ .><onu'1hing to kill my.self with," they cried, as tht;
troops disappeared in the darkness.

Thvou^rh the uight the rai)id trot or gallop was kept up, fol-
lowing tlK faithful Nez-Perce.

^, r

■Ml

174

Indians, Continued.

ill I

Tlie wounded \ve'-o left to tako caro of themselves, and the
line of demoi'alized and friylitened troops passed southward, put-
tinj^ whatever (»f distance they mim-ht between themselves and the
enemy for twenty-four hours. They i-ode ninety miles, and
veaehi'd the Snake river four miles below where they crossed it on
the march noi'thward. (ioing up to Timothy's village, that de-
voted chief summoned his own men and put them on guai'd, while
tlie exhausted cavalcade was ferried across to their haven of
refuge, the south side of the Snake.

Oil the 24th of Seiitember, Steptoes force reached the Pataha,
where he was joined by Captain Dent, who brought supplies and
reinforcements. Here, t(W, came Chief Lawyer, with a formid-
able Avar party of Nez-Perces, who begged the defeated troops to
I'cturn with him and try the fortunes of war .again with the
Northern Indian^;. But was rejected. Considering the gallant
behavior of the Xez-Perces, two of the four only esctaping alive
from the tight, and the services they rendered subsetiuentlj', their
troatjiient by the Whites was contentptible. And Steptoe, in an
ofli(!ial letter, to swell the number (i'.OO to GOO) of eu(Mnies which
had been (mcountced, falsely stated that some of the Xez-Perces
v/ere engaged in tiie attack, and onutted to mention their offer of
reinforcements. Then Steptoe was promoted, and then he joined
the Southern Confederacy."

"(leneral Clarke at once sent up fcmr companies from San
Francisco to re-inforce the troops at Walla Walla. Keyes came
up iw charge of the e.Kpedition, Avith orders to report to Col. Geo.
AVright at W.iUa Walla. The march of 177 miles over land from
the dalles 'rapids of the Columbia river] was very exhaustive, as
it was late in June. At that time (lSr)9) the sound of a steam-
boat Avhistle had never been heard a1)ove Celilo. He built a small
fort near the mouth of Tu-Canyon, where he left one company of
artillery, uiuler command of F. O. V.'}sf. The party, numbering
about !)0U men in all, crossed Snake river in boats on the 2r)th of
August, and li\e days later met the red foe at the Four Lakes,
where a battle wa* fought, which showed the Indians that Hudson
Ba,y muskets we«v n<> match tor the long-range riHes of the troops.
This battle, which is known UvS the battle of Spokane Plains, ended
about foui-iven miles fi\*H wheiv it began, and was fought in the
suioke of burning gi'ass. Not a soldier was killed or wounded.
The Iwdian l***** was ^iv^ ninety. [May be so.]

0*1 tibe 'Sth of September. Col. (Jrier captured a band of 900

Indians, Continued.

175

liorses. Tlieso he drove into camp. Tlie officers {iiid the quartei*-
niiister Avere alhnved to select a certain nunihcr; two were jxiven
to eacli friendly Indian; and, on the foUowing day, the remaining
090 horses were driven into a liigh enclosnre, and shot down as
fast as they entered Toward the last the soldiers seemed to ex-
nlt in the hloody task, for stich is the ferocions character of men.
While the work of destrnetion was going- on, I saw an Indian
approaching onr camp, carrying a long pole with a white tlag on
it, and in the cleft end of the pole was a letter from leather Josef,
S. J., at th(^ Conr d'Alene mission. He infoi'ined Col. "Wright that
in conseipience of our victories, the hostiles were greatly (!ast
down, and wished him to be their intercessor for peace. Tlie
father added in his communication, that the friendly Indians were
delighted at our victories, as they had heen threatened by the
hostiles for not fighting. On the 22d the command camped on
the Nedwall, a tril)utary of the Spokane, and in came old Owhi,
who had been wounded on the Spokane ])lains. Wright ordered
him to be put in irons at once. That afternoon six Indians were
hanged, in stpiads of three, each. A messenger was then sent in
search of Qualchin, the son of Owhi, who came into c;imp on the
24th. He asked to see his father, and Col. Wright answi'ird :
'Owhi mitlite yawa.' (Owhi is over there.) As he said tliis a
section of the giiard .sprang upon Qualchiu and disarmed him.
lie had the strentith of a Hercules, an<l notwithstanding he had
an unhealed wound in his side, it took six men to tie his hands
and feet. Within an hour, from his entry into Col. Wright's
camp, he was hanged, by order of that stern, old warrior."

Yet, lie had no more right in their country with an armed
force, than Bismarck has agninst the natives of the Samoan
Islands at this time, 1889 ; or the English to force rum into
Africa, or opium into China, in the name of Christ and civili-
zation.

"The Chief Moses Outrage, 1883.

The Oregonian has contained an account of the arrival of chief
Moses at Fort Van Couver, to pi'otest against the action of the
(xovernment in restoring to the public domain a portion of tlie re-
servation, gi'anted to Moses and his people a few years apo.

By r.rders, dated April !);h, 187'.), and March Gth, 18SU, Presi-
dent Hayes set ajiart for chief Moses and his people, what is
known as the Chief Moses Indian Reservation in the big bend of

ili*

176

Indians, Continued.

the Colunibia rivei'. It contains abont three million jhtcs, and
sonie iiiininj;' distriets, sni)i)osed to l)e vahiable. It will lie re-
nujiiiltei'ed, lliat Iht; reservation wjis set ajiai-t at'tei- a hmfs; con-
ference with Mo.s(;s, wlio visited Washington ami came l)a(;k with
tlie assnranee, that lie wonkl never in fnture be dispossessed of
the ffrant.

On the 2;5rd of February last, President Arthur issued an
order, i-estoring a tract about 15 miles wide and 100 miles loiijL!; to
the iiublie domain. The strijt is at the northern boundary of the
i-esei'vation. AVhat intlueuce brouj,'ht about this action by the
President, is not known here. That he should have taken such a
stei>, wlieii the faith of the (iovei-nment was pledi^ed, that the i-e-
servation would not be disturbed, and that step, too, without con-
sult inj.^ Mose.s' tribe, is a [nuisoniej mystery.

It is a i)art of the f^riev^ance of chief Closes, that he was not
considted in the matter of taking,' away his land. Even to this
time he has not received oHicial iiotKication of the President's
action. His lii'st hint of the ()J"d(.'i' was the pi-esenee on his re-
servation of miners, and s(|uattei's, [tln;m.selves, or in the intei'cst
of a gan<; of unisons, havinj;' bi<^- iniluenee at court,] who staked
out claims, s<'lectin<; in many instances lands occupied by Indian
families. A Ix'tter .scheme to '(X(;ite the anger of the Indians could
not have beiui devised, and it is suri)rising that the outrage did
not icsidt at once in bloody warfare. And, in truth, only the pro-
mise of Moses, to ha\'e the nuitter fixed to their satisfaction, re-
strained his pe()])le from sumnuiry measni-es. The country has
seen, in the case of the 3Iusell .shnig'h settlers in Califoi-nia, |that
were plundered of tlnnr homes by a gang of masons, having (;on-
trol of the courts,] how white men feel under similar jjrovocation,
and fi'om that can, pei'hap.s, understand the spirit which Moses
had, and has still, to combat.

For a long time i)ast it has been knoAvn, tliat rich gold and
silver bearing ledges existed in the mountains within the linuts of
chief Mo.ses' reservation, but it has not been so well known, that
men Jtnasons], owning immen.se wealth, have an interest in these
mines and that to their intluem^e, and soUhj for Ihei?' hrjiejif, hna
such a large slice been taken from the Iiulians, without a why oi'
wherefore, Jaiul given to the gang. Practical miners and real
citizens could never have thus acquired valuable pi'operty. — Here-
after, when the people were trying to repel a fraudulent invasion
of C'hinese, it will be seen, how these charitable brethren wrung

Indians, Continued.

177

tlicir liiinds in liorror at " violatiiifr tho pliglitcd faith of tlie
(iovcriiiiinit," MS tlicy were iiiiikiii^' iiioiicy out of tliciu, and liow
they iiiadu nioiicy out of the Chinese war, as they do in tliat of
tile Indian.]

Till! country so tlmtwn o})f'n oonlains fifteen liundi-ed sipiare
miles of territory, and, outside llu' minei-al liearinji; i-cf^'ion, con-
tains huul of v(;ry littk; vah;e.

It is known that tlie Indians are deeply dissatisfied with the
act of the Governnuint. That tliis aet of bad faitli i-ankles in their
hciii'ts as a most inexftnsable and wanton injury. They caniu)t
but interprete it as a further dccljimtion, that: the Indians liave
no lights, which the white man or his ucovernmmt is l)ound to re-
sjiect. Tliey (tannotlook upon it in any other liglit, than as a most
perfidious viohilion of tlie plielited faith of the (iovernment.
^loreover, they look upon it merely as an initial encroachment,
which wiU be followed by otliers, until their lands are wholly
tjdcen away, leaving them no dwelling place they ean call tlieir
own.

AVhat has heretofore happened in similar eircumstanees need
not be reeit(d in detail here. The Indians are not numerous.
They can must(,'r ix'rhaps GOO men. But a less nund)erof ]Mo<lo(ts
and a less number of Nez-Perees fought with a courag(; that won
the admiration of the country, whihi they made its army mourn
the loss of gi'eat numbers of its best officers and men, terrorized
the country for hundreds of miles, and cost the (rovernment tre-
uiendous exertions and millions of money [f()r the gang] to sub-
due them. The causes of these risings })ear a close parallel to the
complaints now made l)y Moses and his people. Tn each case it
was an attempt to deia-ive the Indians of their dwelling place
without their ecmsent.

It is not to be supposed that the President has act(!d in this
matter upon his own motion. By whom weri; the representations
made which led to the order '! In ease of an outljreak on the
part of these Indians somebody will have to answer this (pu'stion,
[(ju tlie contrary, they are sworn to '' evei' conceal and never
reveal'' these masonic mysteries]. It may be that the delegate
from Washington territory could tell about the influence that
secured the executive older. | But he was a mason himself |.

The [masonic] i)olicy of ])ei'fidy and robbery is as pool- in
point of expediency as it is poor in point of morality. AVe have
paid for these things hitherto in murdered families^ de]»opulated
12

h]l

'S\

hi. 1 U4--\

178

Indians, Continued.

st'ttk'iiK'iits. iiicn sliiiii ill liiittlo, aiid uiilold siiiiis (if iiHUicy i\-
pemlctl ill Iiidiuii wars. Tin- Iiidian is a straiijic (MHiiitniiiKl ot'
hasty spirit and stubborn fatalism. lie acts from an impnlsc,
disinissiii;^' jii'iidciicc, and taking' no tlioiiglit of (•onsc(|m'n(*('s ;
and wiicn ovn-conic, lie accepts liis fate witli iiiditTcrciicc or forti-
tude. He reasons tliat lie might as well die at onc(3 as to I)0
stripped of his home, have no abiding place and no means of
li\iiiii' ; and hence the motive tVoni which he acts is a mixture i-e-
siilting from a sense of injury, a desire of revenge, and a feeling
of despair.

But the weakness of these Indians let no one desi)ise. Weak,
indeed, they are ; bnt the i)Oor reptile, trodden upon, lias the in-
stinct of self-])reservation, and may fatally sting.

If it was deemed so necessary to get back a part of Moses'
reservation, the honi'st way would liave been to open a negotia-
tion witli liim and his peo^de, and satisfy them for the land.

The [linked] politicians wlio shared in the attempt to rob
Moses and his people of their land, the crowd who hoi»ed for profit
from this crime, and those who from prin(!i2)le, or the lack of it,
or from habit, ery down the red man [and the white] without re-
gard to the merits of his cause, have attempted to justify the
careless [?J act of the I'rcsident. Unable to make out a case
•\vlii(di could demand respect, with the simple truth, they have not
hesitated to misrepresent the facts — in other words, they have
UH.

It is the opinion of oflflcers now on the reservation, that if
the old chief should begin hostilities, he would be joined by the
disalfected living near him, and that he coidd muster a force suf-
ficiently strong to sjiread desolation over the whole of north-
eastern Washington, [which would be a mint for the gang]. But
warfare on Moses' part has nevi-r been feared, unless, forced by
the passions of his people, he should have to abandon them oi*
lead them."

" During the past ten years the Government has expended
nearly .$70,000,000 in caring ['?] for the Indians [?]. The total
number atta(*hed to agencies is only 246,000, and of these 60,000
in Indiaii Territory, 7,700 in Wisconsin, and 5,000 in New York,
are supposed to be at least partially self-supporting."

mil'

' I

™"

,,,_

i -1

1 II

1
1 ■

llllgj

fSH

pU'-j'

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

^«.*%

M7 ^^ v^ifc)

1.0

I.I

IA£|21 |2.5

■ 50 ■^~ ■■■

^ li£ 12.0

■titew

■ 2.2

1.8

L25 1 1.4 |i.6

►

vV^

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STRUT

WEBSTIR.N.Y. UfSO

(716) S72-4S03

Z/j

f/-

'W i I

'J n

h 1

b k^'

\ »^^ '%

fill'

■

'^^H

' 1

■Hi

1, ;

■

t ■n

-. -.

vW'

a V

]'.<' li

til

CHAPTER XIII.

Indians, concluded. — "The Waiilatpii nmssacro." — The thnllinp story of
one who, as a girl, was an t'y(> witui'ss and then taken aAvay as a
prisoner. — Foreboclings of the nuuderous outbreak.— Friendly warn-
ing given. — Tho dying hours of Dr. and Miu Wliitnian. — Mis,siou life
among tho Indians. — As the Indians were in 1852 and then in ISij*!. —
Death of chief Kauaskat. — How Indians are preserved. — How " eiviU-
zation " was introduced to tho natives of South and Central America.

The Waiilatpu Massacke.

[yivH. C'lark Pringle, whose maiden name was Catherine Sager, and
who was one of the children adopted by Dr. and Mrs. Whitman, was Hi
yeai-s old at the time of this notable massacre. She was an eye witness to
all that preceded it, as well as to mucli that occurred. Her c.vperienee was
dreadful in tlie extreme. The following article was written by her and
sent to Mr. S. A. Clarke, as a contribution to his history of " Pioneer Days, "
and by him furnished to The Okeoonian. Some new facts are learned
from her account, although, even were not thi.s the case, the nan-ative it-
self would prove of suflicient interest to attract the reader.

Mr. Clarke says: "I consider this the most valuable doscrii)tion of that
sad and tenible afl'air that over has been written. Mrs. Pringle possesses
rare abiUty as a Avriter, as all must concede."]

In the year 183G Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, in com-
pany with Rev. H. H. Spalding and wife, crossed the Rocky
mountains and settled amonj? the Nez-Perces and Cayuse Indian.s
as missionaries. Dr. Wliitman's location was amonf; the latter
tribe, in the Walla Walla valley. lie and his bride had left civi-
lization immediately after their marriage and settled among
savages, with the intention of i-aising them from their degradation.
For eleven years they toiled with pleasing success, and were led
to think that ere many years should })ass tlieir dreams would be
realized, that the heathen tribe would be a Christian jjeople.

Their only child, a daughter, was drowned when two years
old, but they had filled their house with children whom they had
adopted. These children were as follows : A nephew of Dr. Whit-
man ; three half-breeds, named IMary Ann Bridger, Helen M.
Meek and David M. Cortez. In 18-1^4 my jjarents died crossing tlie
plains on their way to Oregon, leaving seven diildren, the eldest
14 years old, and the youngest a babe of six months. We were at
their request taken to the station of Dr. Whitman, and he and his

(IW))

Mission Life among the Indians.

181

wife adopted the seven. Here Ave lived the happy, careless life of
cliililhood. It mattered not to us that oui associations were con-
fiii('<l to niembei's of the family ; there were enough of us to keep
Miti house ringing with mirth from morning until n'.ght. Three
years this life lasted, and then a storm began to gather and east
its shadow over this happy home. First it was but a small cloud,
ill the distance; then was heard low, muttering thunder; finally
tlu! whole horizon was overcast and the storm broke with a fury
that wiTcked and scattered the household forever, casting a gloom
over all coming time to those who survived its ravages.

SOME OF THE CAUSES.

In the fall of 1847 the emigration over the mountains brought
the measles. It spread among the Indians, and owing to their
iiiaiuier of living it proved very fatal. It was customary for emi-
grant families who arrived late, to winter at the station, and some
seven or eight families had put up there to spend the winter of
1S47. Among the arrivals was a half-breed named Joseph Lewis,
who had joined the emigration at Fort Hall. Much against his
will, the doctor admitted this person into his family for the
winter. None of lis liked him; he seemed surly and morose.
There was also a Frenchman named Joseph Stanfield, who had
been in the doctor's employ since the year 1845. Up to the year
1S47 the Protestant missions had been the only religious influence
among the Indians. In the fall of this year the Catholic church
estal)lished missions among them, and the teachings of the two
clashed. The Indian mind is so constructed that he cannot re-
concile the different isms, conseq\;ently they became much Avorked
up on the subject. Many long talks occurred between them and
Dr. Whitman, in reference to the two religious systems. Owing
to the sickness, and these other causes, the natives began to show
an insolent and hostile feeling. It was now late in the season and
the weather was very inclement. Whitman's large family were
all sick and the disease was raging fearfully among the Indians,
who were rapidly dying. I saw from five to six buried daily.
The field was open for creating mischief and the two Joes im-
proved it. J.) Lewis was the chief agent ; his cupidity had been
awakened and he and his associate expected to reap a large spoil.
A few days previous to the massacre Mr. Spalding arrived at the
station, accompanied by his daughter, 10 years old. She was the
second child born of white parents west of the Rocky mountains,

■

182

Indian Massacre.

ii,5?

Dr. Whitmau's child being the fii-st. Slie liad lived her ten years of
life among the natives and spoke the language fluently. Saturday,
after his arrival, Mr. Spalding accompanied Dr. Whitman to the
Umatilla, to visit the Indians there and hold a meeting for wor-
ship with them upon the Sabbath. They rode nearly all night, in
a heavy rain. Dr. Whitman spent the next day visiting the sick,
and returned to the lodge, where Mr. Spalding was staying, late
in the afternoon, nearly worn out ■with fatigue. The condition of
his family made it imperative that he should return home, so
arrangements were made for Mr. Spalding to remain a few days
on the Umatilla, to visit among and preach to the Indians.

A CONSPIRACY UNFOLDED.

As Dr. Whitman was mounting his horse to leave, Stickas, a
friendly Christian Indian, who was the owner of the lodge, came
out and told him that "Jo Lewis was making trouble ; that he was
telling his (Stickas') people that the doctor and Mr. Spalding were
poisoning the Indians, so as to give their country to his own
people." He said : " I do not believe him, but some do, and I fear
they will do you harm ; you had better go away for awhile, until
my people have better hearts. "

Doctor Whitman arrived at home about ten o'clock that night,
having ridden twenty-five miles after sundown. He sent my two
brothers, who were sitting up with the sick, to bed, saying that he
would watch the remainder of the night. After they had retired
he examined the patients, one after the other. (I also was lying
sick at the time.) Coming to Helen, he spoke and told his wife,
who Avas lying on the bed, that Helen was dying. He sat and
watched her for some time, when she rallied and seemed better.
I had noticed that he seemed to be troubled Avhen he first came
home, but concluded that it was anxiety in reference to the sick
children.

Taking a chair, he sat down by the stove and requested his
wife to arise, as he wished to talk with her. She complied, and he
related to her what Stickas had told him that day ; also that he
had learned that the Indians were holding councils every night.

After conversing for some time, his wife retired to another
room and the doctor kept his lonely watch. Observing that I was
restless, he surmised that I had overheard the conversation. By
kind and soothing words he allayed my feai-s, uid I went to sleep.
I can see it all now, and remember just how he looked.

1 ,.

i ■

t'.i:

Mission Life among the Indians.

1H3

The fatal 29tli of Novem})er dawned, a cold, foggy inoriiing.
It would seem as though the sun was afraid to look upou the
bloody deed the day was to briug forth, and that nature wits
weeping over the wickedness of man. Father's (Dr. Whitman)
l)r()w was serene, with no trace of the storm that had raged in his
l)i'east during the night. He was somewhat moi-e serious than
usual. Most of the children were better, only three being danger-
ous ; two of these afterwards died. We saw nothing of niotluT
(Mrs. Whitman). One of the girls put some breakfast on a plate
and carried it to her. She was sitting with her face buried in her
luuulkei'chief, sobbing bitterly. Taking the food she motioned
the child to leave. The food was there, uutouchtd, next morning.

LAST HOUR AT WHITMAN'S STATION.

An Indian child had died during the night and was to be
brought to the station for burial. While awaiting the coming of
the corpse, Dr. Whitnum sat reading and conversing with his
assistant, Mr. Kodgers, upon the difficulties that seemed to sur-
round him, the discontent of the Indians, the Catholics forcing
themselves upon him, and the insinuations of Jo Lewis. He
made plans for conciliating the natives and for improving their
condition. He said that the bishop was coming to see him in a
few days, and he thought that then he could get the Indians to
give him leave to go away in the spring, adding:

" If things do not clear up by that time, I will move my
family below."

Being informed of the arrival of the corpse, he arose, and
after calling his wife and giving her directions in regard to the
sick children, he wended his way to the graveyard.

A beef Inul to be killed for the use of the station, and niv
brother Frant;is, accompanied by Jo Stanfield, had gone early to
the range and driven it in, and three or four men were dressing
it near the grist-mill, which was running, grinding grist for the
Indians.

Upon the return from the funeral the doctor remarked that
none but the relatives were at the burying, although large num-
bers were assendjled near by ; but it might be owing to the beef
l)i'iug killed, as it was their custom to gather at such times. His
wife requested him to go up stairs to see IMiss Bewley, who was
quite sick. He complied, returning shortly with a troubled look
on his countenance. He crossed the room to a sash door that

■p.

184

Indian Massacre.

fronted the mill, and stood for some moments drumming upon
tilt' ylas.s with his fingers. Turning iiround, he said :

" Poor Lorinda is in trouble and does not know the cause. I
found her weej)ing, and she said there was a i)resentiment of evil
on her mind that she eould not ovt-i-eome. I will get licr some
medicine, and, wife, you take it up to her, and try and comfort
her a little, for I have failed in the attempt."

As he said this he walked to the medicine case, and was
making a selection. His wife had gone to the pantry for milk tor
one of the children ; the kitchen was full of Indians, and their
boisterous manner alarmed her. She fled to the sitting room,
bolting the door in the face of the savages who tried to pass in.
She had not taken her hand from the lock when the Indians
rapped and asked for the doctor. She said, " Doctor, you are
Avanted." He went out, telling her to fasten the door after liini ;
she did so. Listening for a moment, she seenied to be reassured,
creased the room and took up the youngest child. She sat down
with this child in her arms. Just then Mrs. Osborn came in from
an adjoining room and sat down. This was the fti'st time this
lady had been out of her room for weeks, having been very ill.

THE STORM BURSTS ON WAIILATPU.

She had scarcely sat down when we were all startled by an
explosion that seemed to shake the house. The two women
sprang to their feet, and stood with white faces and distended
eyes. The children rushed out doors, some of them without
clothes, as we were taking a bath. Placing the child on the bed,
Mrs. Whitman called us back and started for the kitchen, but
changing her mind, she fastened the door, and told Mrs. Osborn
to go to her room and lock the door, at the same time telling us
to put on our clothes. All this happened much quicker than I
can write it. Mrs. Whitnuin then began to walk the tioor wring-
ing her hands, saying, " Oh, the Indians ! the Indians ! they have
killed my husband, and I am a widow ! " She repeated this many
times. At this time, Mary Ann, who was in the kitchen, rnshetl
around the house and came in at a door that was not locked ; her
face was deathly white ; Ave gatliered around her and inquired if
father was dead? She replied, "Yes." Just then a man from
the beef came in at the same door, Avith his arm broken. He
said: "Mrs. Whitman, the Indians are killing us all." This
roused her to action. The Avouuded man was lying on the floor

8'' I

Mission Life amono the Indians.

185

calling for wiitor. She brought him a pitchcrftil from another
room, locked all the (loci's, then uuloekiug that door she went into
tlic kitehen. As she did so, several emigrant women, with their
small children, rushed in. Mrs. Whitman was trying to drag her
husband in ; one of t ,ie women went to her aid, and they brought
him in. He was fa. ally wounded, but eonscious. The blood was
streaming from a gunshot wound in the throat Kneeling over
him, she implored him to speak to her. To all her questions he
\vhis})cred " Yes," or " No,'' as the ease might be. Mrs. Whitnuiu
would often step to the sash door and look out through the win-
dow to see what was going on out of doors, as the roar of guns
showed us that the blood-thirsty fiends were not yet satisfied. At
sueli tinu^s she would exclaim : " Oh, that Jo Lewis is doing it
all ! "' Several times this Avreteh came to the door and tried to
get into the room where we were. Wlieu ]\[rs. ^\^litman would
ask, '' What do you want, Joe '?" he would run away. Looking
out we saw Mr. Rodgers running toward the house, hotly pursued
by Indians. He sprang against the door, breaking out two panes
of glass. Mrs. Whitman opened the door and let him in, and
closed it in the face of his i)ursuers, who, with a yell, turned to
seek other victims. Mr. Kodgers was shot through the \vrist and
tomahawked on the head ; seeing the doctor lying upon the floor,
he asked if he was dead, to which the doctor replied, ** No."

MRS. WFilTMAN FALLS !

The school teacher, hearing the report of the gims in the
kitchen, ran down to see what had hap})ened ; finding the c^.oor
fastened, he stood for a nu)ment, when Mrs. Whitman saw him,
and motioned for him to go back. He did so, and had reached
the stairs leading to the school room, when he was seized by a
savage, Avho had a large butcher knife. Mr. Sanders struggled,
and was about to get away, when another burly savage came to
the aid of the first. Standing by Mrs. Whitnmns side I watched
the horrid strife, until sickened, I turned away. Just then a
bullet came through the window piercing Mrs. Wliitman's
shoulder. Clapping her hands to the wound she shrieked Avith
pain, and then fell to the floor. I ran to her and tried to raise
licr up. She said, " Child, you cainiot help me, save yom-self."
We all crowded around her and began to weep. She commencetl
praying for us, " Lord, save these little ones." She repeated this

186

Indian Massacre.

^^'

J Ji

l 'i

J(!

f ■

)

over many times. She also pt-ayecl foi* her parents, sayinj^ :
" This will kill my poor mother. "

The women now began to go up stairs, and Mr. liodgors
pnslied us to the stairway. I was filled with agony at the idea of
leaving the siek childi-en, and refused to go. Mr. Kodgers was too
excited to speak, so taking up one of the ehildren he handed her
to me, and motioned for me to take her up. I passed her to some
one else, turned and took another, and then the tlurd, and ran up
myself. Mr. Rodgers then helped mother to her feet and brought
her ir-i stairs, and laid her on the bed. He then knelt in prayer,
and while thus engaged, the crashing of doors informed us that
the work of death was accomplished out of doors, and our tune
had come. The woiuided man, whose name was Kimball, said
that if we had a gun to hold over tlie bannisters, it might keep
them away. There happened to be an old broken gun in the room
and this was placed over the railing. By this time they were
smashing the door leading to the stairway. Having accomplished
this tlu\v i-etired. All was quiet for awhile, then we heard foot-
steps in the room below, and a voice at the bottom of the stairway
called Mr. Rodgers.

SAVAGE TREACHERY.

It was an Indian, who represented that he had just come ; he
would save them if he would come down. After a good deal of
parleying he came up. I told mother that I had seen him killing
the teacher, but she thought I was mistaken. He said that they
were going to burn the house, and that we must leave it. I
wrapped my little sister up, and handed her to him with the re-
quest that he would carry her. He said that they would take
Mrs. Whitman away and then come back for us. Then all left
save the children and Mr. Kimball. When they reached the room
below, mother was laid upon the settee, and carried out into the
yard by Mr. Rodgers and Jo Lewis. Having reached the yard,
Jo dropped his end of the settee, and a volley of bullets laid ^Ir.
Rodgers, mother, and brother ^rancis, bleeding and dying, on
the ground. While the Indians were holding a council, to decide
how to get Mrs. Whitman and Mr. Rodgers into their hands, .Jo
Lewis had been sent to the school room to get the school children.
They had hid in the attic, but were ferreted out and brought to
the kitchen, where they were placed in a row to be shot. But
the chief relented, and said they should not be hurt; but my

?iy.

Mission Life among the Indians.

187

brotlier Pmiicis was killed soon after. My oldest brother was
shot at the same time the doctor wa.s.

Night liad now come, and the chief made a speech in favor of
s])aring the women and cliildren, which was done, and they all
became prisoners. Ten ghastly, bleeding corpses lay in and
aronnd the honse. 3Ir. Osborn's family had secreted themselves
nnder the lloor, and escaped dnrmg the night, and after great
hardships reached Fort Walla Walla. One other man escaped to
this fort, bnt was never heaitl of again. Another tied to Mr.
Spalding's station; Mr. Kimball was killed the next day; Mr.
Spalding remained at Umatilla nntil Wednesday, and was within
a few miles of the doctor's station when he learned the dreadful
news. He fled, and after gi-eat sutfering reached his station,
which had been saved by the presence of mind and shrewdness of
his wife. Mr. Canfleld was wounded, but concealing himself until
night, he fled to Mr. Spalding's station.

now I)H. WHITMAN FELL.

The manner of the attack on Doctor Whitman 1 learned
afterwards from the Indians. Upon entering the kitchen, he took
his usual seat upon the settee which was between the wall and the
cook stove ; an Indian began to talk with him in reference to a
patient the doctor was attending. While thus engaged, an Indian
struck him from behind on the head with a tomahawk ; at the
same moment two guns were discharged, one at the doctor, and
the other at brother John, who was engaged in winding twine for
the purpose of making brooms. The mei. at the beef were set
upon ; Mr. Kimball had his arm broken by a bullet and fled to
the doctor's house. Mr. Hoffman fought bravely with an ax ; he
split the foot of the savage who flrst struck the doctor, but was
overpowered. Mr. Canfleld was shot, the bullet entering his side,
but he nuide his escape. The miller fell at his post. Mr. Hall
was laying the upper floor of a biulding ; leaping to the ground
he wrested a gun from an Indian and fled to the fort. He was
never seen or heard of afterwards, and it is surmised that he was
nuu'dered there. The tailor was sitting ujion his table sewing, au
Indian stepped in, shot him with a i)istol and then went out ; he
died at midnight after great suffering. Night came and put au
end to the carnival of blood.

The November moon looked down, bright and cold, upon the
scene, nor heeded the groans of the dying, who gave forth their

1 '■:

S 1 . ' ^

k '1

1
i' '

188

Indian Massaciie.

plaints tu tlu' chill iii<;ht air. Mr. Osbom's family was coi.eealcd
where they could hear Mr. Hodjrer'.s words as he i>rayed to that
Saviom whom he liad loved and served for many years. His
last words were. " Come, Lord .lesns, come (juickly ! " The eloek
tolled the midiiijjfht Iioiu- ere death came to the relief of the.se victims
of .savaj^'e brutality. The dead bodies lay where they fell, from
Monday night nntil "Wednesday, when the Christian Indians,
among whom the doctor and his wife had hibored for eleven
years, and from whom the natives have received nothing but
kindness, gave consent to have them buried, but not one of them
wo\dd help in the ta.sk. Jo Stanfleld was set at the work. A
grave three feet deep and wide enough to receive the eleven
victims was dug, and the bodies plact-d in it. Wolves exeavati'tl
the grave and devoured the remains. The volunteers who went
np to fight the Indians gathereil up the bones, placed them in a
wagon box. and again buried them, and this is all the burial
these martyrs of Americanism in Oregctu have ever received. A
monument is now being built to their memorv.

Cathahixe 8. Prindle.

PiON'EKK Days.

A brief history* of the "W'liitiuau mission-life at Wniiltitini. — The imu'derous
tribe of Caynse ludians ami their iilea.s of troachory. The final scene
of massacre.

[ Wrilti'iifiir the SnmUiy Orfij<tin<i)i.'\

EndoAved with a pure religious devotion. ^Farcus WTiitman, a
physician of good repute, and Narcissa, his wife, in the prime of
a life of activity and usefulness, devoted themselves to missionary
work among the Indians of Oregon.

There was something above the ordinary denuuuls for such
service in the eircumstanee that attended this act of devotion on
their part. A slory that bordered on romance, and partook of the
old crusaders' spirit, called for recruits to go to the far Columbia.
and attempt to Christianize the heathen tribes that had lived so
nniny ages in ignorance upon the farthest waters of the great
river of the West. A message .sounde<l on the Missouri frontier
that resounded through the United States like the Macedonian
cry for help. A small company of Flatheadsand Xez-Perces found
their way across the intervening wilderness and arrived at St.
Loui.s one half century ago, who said they came to ask that some

Mission Life amoxq the Indians.

189

iimii coiiipctont to toiich the true rolij^ioii of tlic AVliitos sliould
(.'oiiu' to innke their ju'opk' iu'<iuuiute(l with the Saviour that the
Clu'istians worshipped. (_)iie of them liatl died on the Journey to
the East. It is hardly pos.sible to inuigine how this litthi eoni-
pany of seekers of the lijjrht made up tlieir minds to take this
journey, and finally uceoniplished it. There must have hei-n
cai'eful seleetion of the most eompetent for the mission ; mueh
advice as to the methods to bo foUowed, and much caution as to
tlic best course to be pursued. Certain it is that this emltassy
was entitled and commi.ssioned for this puri)ose, and found its
way as far east as St. Louis. They probably accompanied some
returning party of fur "traders, and made themselves usefui on the
way. St. Louis was the metropolis of the fur trade, aud they
naturally r(>ached that city iu such eomj)any. It was like au
electric shock to the Christian people there to kiu)w that from the
farthest West there had come to them this message and denuind
for Christiau teaching for the tribes beyond the Rocky moun-
tains.

A CHRISTIAN rru TRADER.

Among the few fur traders who found their way to the
Pacilic, there were a very few who were zealous Christians aud
lived lives of fervent piety, surrounded though they were by men
whose impiety was proverbial. OiU' of these was.Tedediah Smith,
the partner of Sublettes, himself one of the best known men be-
yond the Western frontier. Jedediah Smith spent much time
among the Flatheads, which tribe was very closely related, it is
said, with the Nez-Perces. The language spcjken is the same, or
similar. During his association with these tribes Smith gave
them some information of the Christiau religion, and of Christ,
till' Saviour. These teachings fervently impressed the minds of
both tribes, for they had traits of character readily impressed by
religious instruction. They were by nature far superior to most
of the uatives of Oregon of that day. It is said that it was in
consequence of the words aud work of Jedediah Smith that they
liiuiUy equipped and sent eastward the embassy that asked for
Christian teachers to expound to them the true story of the white
man's God. So this word reached the frontier and thence tra-
versed Chi'istendom, and residting in the sending hither the
several missions first established among Oregon Indians, "When
.Tason Lee and his company came, they intended to locate among

j.i

) -i

1 1

If i . ,

190

Indian Massache.

the Fliitlieads, but concluded to winter here in tlic Williuncttc.
The result wus that they located here pcnnanently. Hut the first
Methodist mission came in response to the appeal we have men-
tioned, and was turned from that j)urposo after arrival iuOrej^on.
W'hitnum came for tin; same purpose, and his associate went to
the Nez-lVrcc's, whilst he planted the standard among the
Cayusi!s.

It is related of the four who came on this wonderful mission
to the East, only one finally returned to his hovae and his people.
Two were taken ill and died while at the East, and another died
on the way home. Their mission was one of i)eaco, but it was
fraught with unseen and unapprehended danger to those who bore
it. They ventured far from home, and laid down their lives in
the sei'vice of their people, and in the cause of true religion.
They sounded the eiy from a far country for help, and did not
live to see the reali/atiou of their hopes.

! }

ANSWERING THE CALL.

Dr. Whitman, in company with Rev. Samuel Parker, com-
menced the journey to Oregon in the spring of 1835. They
journeyed as far west as the American rendezvous, on Green
river, where they found a party of Nez- Perce Indians, who hailed
their coming joyfully. They agreed to take Mr. Parker with
them to the Columbia, and meet Dr. Whitman on his return the
next yeai', with reinforcements strong enough to do good work.
A young Nez-Perce, who was called " Lawyer," heard of their
presence, and went to see them at their rendezvous. Dr. Whit-
nuui took back with him two Indian boys to be educated at the
East. As the tribe was well represented at the rendezvous, the
missionaries were able to make arranj- ments of a satisfactory
luiture for the establishing of missions ^u their country.

In 1836, Dr. and Mrs. Whitman, and Rev. and Mrs. Spalding,
with W. H. Gray, as financial agent of the missions, crossed the
plains to Oregon. They journeyed with fur traders to Green
river, where they found their Nez-Perce allies in waiting. The
Indians proposed making quite a detour to carry out their plans
for buffalo hunting, and as Whitman found a party of the Hud-
son's Bay Company going direct towards the Columbia, he
accepted an invitation to accompany them. One of the Nez-Perc6
chiefs went with them as an honorable escort.

So they reached the Columbia, where the Whitmans located

Mission Life among tiik Indians.

101

11 mission on th«! Wiilla Wiilla rivor, flvo miles boknv tho city that
now hours tlmt nam*'. Mr. and Mi's. Sitalding \v«'nt a liundrtMl
miles t'list and made a station at Lapwai, in the heart of the Xez-
Perce country. It is not necessary to furnish particnilars of their
journey across the continent. Enou^'h has been said on that sul)-
ject in recitinji; the adventtires (tf nuiny others. They were
warmly welcomed aiul imnu'diately went to work to build stations
and erect mills and establi.sh schools. It was a {^reat event ti»
these native tribes to have Christian teachers, as well as civilized
workers, among them. They, for a while, appreciated their ad-
vantages, but in time became accustomed to them as a matter of
course. This was especially tnie of the Cayuses, who were, among
the most savage and barbarous of all savages. They constantly
imposed upon the good nature and forbearance of I'lwh' teachers
and made life distressing to them.

LOCATING THE MISSION STATIONS

Dr. "Whitman lived and labored among these people for
eleven yri'-; from 1836 to 1847. He taught many of ;h<'m tho
rudiments of education and the arts of civilized Hie. They were
in. I acted in the use of tools to some (extent, furnished hnnber, aiid
were received and entertained at the mission. Much pains were
taken with the young, and much kindness shown tin; older
ones. In 1838 another mission was established in the vicin-
ity of Fort Colville, among the Spokanes. In 1839 a print-
ing press was at work at Lapwai, and a number of books
and pamphlets were published for the use of different
Indian schools. Still another mission station was established
farther up the Clearwater, at Kamiah. So the nati\es of that
region had efficient teachers and good schools. Only at Whit-
man's station was there ever anv serious trouble or ill feeling.
Individual cases of rudeness or misconduct occurred, but there
was fair appreciation and good feeling, except among the Cay-
nses, Avhose religious sentiments and convictions never overcame
theu' savage natures to make them reliably peaceful, and con-
sistently kind and honest.

DIFFICULTIES AND DANGERS.

From 1836 until 1841, for five years, there was no opposition
to the Protestant missions or outside interference with the
mission work. The Hudson Bay Company was in full accord.

f :hi

: :l

■ ■}

192

Indian Massacre.

Thougli himsolf a Catholic, Dr McLoughliii was truly a Christian
man, and treated Whitman with the truest sympathy and person-
al kindness. [Dr. MeLongiilin was the Father of Ore<;on.] The
two men naturally accorded in their personal relations, and
the oiiieers of that company jrenerally were friendly. But about
1841, the disturbing? cause that was to be so potent for harm, bf-
eanie established among the natives on the Upjier Columbia in
the i)reseuee of Catholic priests, who secured a hold, and left no
means untried to increase it. Among Cayuses there were not
only differences of belief in the tribe, but some families
Avere of divided allegiance. Up to this time there Inid been no
serious trouble, but now the record we have shows that these in-
famous C yuses forced indignities upon Dr. Whitman that he
could not resent. His Christian character was at stake. He must
bear and forbear, and some of these wretches took advantage of
this fact to impose upon him fearfully. At cue time he was
struck, or had his ear pulled, by a man he had taught the
Christian virtue of forbearance. He turned the other ear and the
savage pulled that also. It was one man and a defenseless family,
among a horde of miscreants. It would seem that the confidence
shown by coming there, so defenseless, with no object but their
good, would impress even the soul of a savage, but not so with
Caynscs. I cannot believe that the presence and teachings of ii
rival religion had not some i)art to account for these indignities
and massacre towards which thev culminated.

DISTUKBANCE IN THE iOLD.

The history of missions proves the weakness of human miture.
Differences occur even among those who devote their lives to the
elevation of humanity. This is especially true of missions in far-
otf places, where the missionary is altt)gether removed from the
intluences of society. Thus it hajipened in this Indian mission
that at an early day disagreements occurred.

In 1841, A. B. Smith and wife left for the islands. Letters
had gone home to thexVmeriean board, derogatory of the working
force. The natives very possibly saw that differences existed
among their religious teachers, and that fact may have worked to
a disadvantage. There is lu) reason to believe that these diff'cr-
ences lasted longer than when several who were dissatisfied had
withdrawn. You have published already a letter from Rev. E.
Walker to the board that treats boldly and plainly of the dis-

Mission Life among the Indians.

193

turbiug cause. It is not necessary to repeat it now. The Cayuses
wore veritable savages. They would at times become enraged for
some cause and be dangerous to all at the mission. Whatever
irritated them made them ferocious and long for blood. After a
war trip towards Califoi-uia, where they murdered many of their
old enemies, they retiirned home to dance around their bloody
scalps, and threaten death promiscuously. At that period the
mission party was in great fear, but time passed and the Indians
became good tempered. At one time they were much impressed,
because one of their chiefs on his death bed professed Cliristian
faith, and in his last hours experienced an ecstacy of joy, and
gave them good counsel.

CAYUSE IfiL NATURE.

In all the upper country there were in 1840 to 1850 only a
few trading posts and a few mission stations, with no settlers and
110 military posts. The missions were defenseless, save as the
Hudson Bay Company's agents bravely espoused their cause.
Mr. Gray had built a new house ; an Indian one day came in aud
jthu'ed himself between the cook and the fire, and would not leave.
^Ir. Gray very properly put him out, after kindly asking him to
stand aside. Then he went to the corral and took a horse. When
"Whitman was appealed to he supported Gray. This led to an
angry talk ; Telonkait, an Indian chief, pulled the doctoi*'s ear ;
the man of peace turned the other, and he pulled that. He threw
the doctor's hat three times in the mud and struck him on the
breast. Having been unable to force Whitman to some resist-
ance that would be an excuse for a massacre, he desisted. Arch-
il)ald McKinlay was chief trader at Wallula. He called the
Indians there, shortly after this occurrence, under pretense of
wishing to buy horses, and gave them a terrible overhauling for
this treatment of one who came among them only for their good.
He said it was the conduct of " dogs," which they bitterly re-
sented. They Anally admitted they had done wrong. ^McKinlay
threatened that a force should c(>nie up from Vancouver to punish
them if they did any harm. They had gone to the fort at this
time with the apparent intention to capture it. They had made
threats to that effect that Whitman reported to McKinlay by a
courier. This trouble was tided over, and for some years there
was no particular cause for complaint. In 1S42, Whitiiiau went
East, making the midwinter journey heretofore related. He
13

194

Indian Massacre.

'i
{'I

J, ,

I'' 'i

% A\

returned in the summer of 1843, with the lurge emigration tliat
peruuiuently settled the status of Oregon as an American country.
He found his mill burned, and that his wife had been obliged to
take refuge at Vancouver from the insolence of the Cayuses.
The Indians wei*e doubtless disturbed by the interest Whitman
took in peopling the country with white settlers. They looked
with alarm on this great invasion of Americans, and their preju-
dice against Whitman was somewhat effected for that reason.
So the three years passed, from 1844 to 1847, and whilst their
prejudice was more confirmed. Whitman was unwilling to aban-
don the field. He saw, and frequently spoke of, this hostile senti-
ment, and expressed an intention to abandon Waiilatpu, but
unhappily did not make the movement.

DISAFFECTION INCREASES.

At this time a change had taken place in the officer in charge
at Fort Walla Walla. McKinlay, Whitman's fast friend, was
living at Oregon City, and his successor at this post was Wm. Mc-
Bean, who was also a Catholic. Both at Whitman's and Spalding's
stations there had been considei'able improvement among the In-
dians in their occupations, and a number had joined the church.
But in 1847 disaffection became more manifest among the Cayuses,
and Whitman thought seriously of submitting the question of his
leaving or staying to their popular vote. He felt, however, that
to leave would be to abandon the field to the Catholics, and that
was something his pride could not submit to. This season was
unfortunate, because disease spread among the natives and many
died of it. Whitman, in his capacity of physician, did all he
could for them, but their habits of life were such that he could not
treat them satisfactorily.

Whitman's place was on the line of travel taken by the emigrants,
and was a place of general rest for the weary sojourners fresh from
the plains. The presence of so many Americans there and the
fact of so many others passing through to occupy the country, may
have had an unfavorable effect.

is- i

■1' ' '

iiii

i 1

{ i[

ilr^liliii

A VIEW OF WAIILATPU.

It is necessary to take a view of the mission and its occupants
in the autumn of 1847 to understand the situation, as well as to
appreciate what the mission had accomplished for the practical
welfare of the Indians. The mission was a resting-place, refuge

Mission Life among the Induns.

195

or hospital for emigrants or Indians alike who might need its
care. Here was the church where the principles of religion were
taught and schools were established to educate white and Indian
children, besides which every effort was made to teach the Cay uses
and WaUa Wallas the common arts of civilization and the best
methods for cultivating the soil. For their benefit not only
church, school and library were sustained, but there were labor
lessons given, and saw- and grist-mills, shops and granaries had
been erected. A valuable cabinet of specimens of natural history
had been collected at the superintendent's residence. There was
a spacious building for the Indians, another for travellers. The
saw-mill was eight miles up Mill creek.

On the 5th of September, 1847, seventy-two persons occupied
these premises, consisting of the Wliitmans and Rodgers, the mis-
sionary, with ten adopted children, waifs from the plains, whose
parents had perished by the way. Seven of them were the Sager
family, and there were three half-breed children. Twenty-two
persons occupied the superintendent's house. Joseph Stanfleld
was a Canadian and Joseph Leu-is was a half-breed Indian who
had crossed the plains from Canada the preceding year, and had
received employment after he recovered from a serious illness.
He was a wretch, who should have had some love for his benefac-
tors instead of being the fiend he soon proved. There was Miss
Bewley and her brother ; Mr. Hoffman, Mr. Soles and Eliza Spal-
ding, daughter of the missionary. There were fifty others of the
last immigration resting there on their way to Western Oregon.
Bewley and Sales were sick patients. Ten of the emigrants also
were sick patients. Such was the composition of the mission
family.

whitman's work.

It can be seen that Whitman's work was most beneflcient and
useful to all mankind. Here, in the midst of savages. Dr. Whit-
man had lived through eleven years and had patiently endured
privations and hardships to benefit a race that could not appreciate
his devotion. To them he brought civilized life and its comforts
without any resulting benefits to himself or to his family. His
character commended him so greatly to Dr. McLoughlin that the
great chief factor felt for him the warmest friendship. Differing
in religion, they respected each other; strongly differing in all
political and national purposes, they were more than frif^uds.
While the Hudson's Bay Company was bringing over colonies to

I I

I!: '

■;:

m '

H t't '

196

Indian Massacre.

people Oregon and make it British by occupancj', Dr. Whitman
went East to lead back a great emigration that should make this
country distinctively American. In all things, save personal re-
gard, these men were at swords' points and antagonized. It shows
the nobility of soul that each possessed ; that, laying aside these
points of difference, they met as something more than friends.
McLoughlin invited Whitman to Vancouver when the troubles of
1841 occurred, and recommended that he should withdraw from
Waiilatpu for some time until the Indians should feel his absence
and ask his return. This was sound advici;. A few weeks before
the massacre Dr. Whitman was at Oregon City and visited his
friend Archibald McKinlay. When he told the latter that a chief
had jestingly said to him that "the Cayuses had considered
whether they ought not to kill off all the medicine men, and thjxt
as he was greatest among doctors, if they did so they should be-
gin with him," McKinlay was alarmed. He told Wnitman that
behind a savage jest there was always deeper meaning; that he
was in great danger if such a remark had been made. But Whit-
man answered that he knew it was onh' a jest, though he did not
like his position and did not intend to long retain it. When re-
turning from that trip, after receiving the deepest Avarning I\I('-
Kinlay could give, Dr. Whitman met a company of emigrants on
the way down to Tne Dalles and was invited to talk to them over
the evening camp fire. He did so, and Judge Grim remembers
well that he spoke very plainly of his danger among the Cayuses
and said it was his intention to remove before many months.

^f^

A TREACHEROUS VII.LAIN.

Joe Lewis was employed by Dr. Whitman as an act of kind-
ness, and was therefore about the house and with the family. So
the Indians found it convenient to believe the various stories he
told them of what he saw and overheard. It is not easier to ima-
gine a blacker soul than this wretch possessed, and less easy to
depict in words the vileness and blackness of the treachery and
falsehoods he proved capable of. He had been the recipient (if
kind treatment during illness, and when able to work was furnisli-
ed employment. All the instincts of common humanity would
have been roused to appreciate this kindness, but Joe Lewis had
no such capacity. He was in a position to do the greatest possible
harm. As an inmate of the mission house he was privileged to
hear the ordinary conversation that occurred there. As a half-

Mission Life among the Indians.

197

breed Indiaji he could and did ingratiate himself with the Cayuees
and obtained not only their confidence, but a certain power over
their minds that came from his acquired abilities among the Whites.
Lewis insidiously repeated to these credulous and prejudiced be-
ings who could not hear a story they were not willing to believe,
conversations that he pretended to have overheard in the doctor's
house. It was a time of terrible trial among them all. At the
mission there was a hospital of sick patients and many of the
Cayuses were sick ; thirty had died and the voice of lamentation
and mourning was all around them,

CAYUSES IX COUNCIL.

After the massacre occurred, Gov. Ogden, of the 11. B. com-
pany, came up in the interest of humanity to secure the safety
and return of the numerous captives held by the Cayuses. Before
his arrival on December 20th, the Cayuse murderers held a coun-
cil at Umatilla, where BLshop Blanchet was present. lie said their
object was to prevent war, and if they had met in council before
tilt' massacre, most likely it would not have occurred. Several In-
dians made speeches and explained their various complaints. The
Cliiof Telan-Kaiht spoke for two hours. He recounted the killing
of tlio two Nez-Perces who went east with Mr. Gray in 1837.
(They were killed by the Sioux.) Also that the young Chief Eli-
jah Avas killed by Americans in California. He claimed that as
tlio Indians forgot these things so the "Whites could forget the
massacre at Waiilatpu. They sent word to Gov. Abernethy "that
a young Indian (Joe Lewis) who iinderstands English and who
slept in Dr. Whitman's room, heard tlie doctor, his wife and Mr.
Spalding express their desire of possessing the land and animals
of the Indians; that Mr. Spalding said to the doctor: 'Hurry
giving medicine to the Indians that t.^ey may soon die;' that the
same Indian tolc Cayuses : *If you do not kill the doctor soon

you will all be dead before spring ;' that they buried six Cayuses
on Sunday, November 24th, and thi'ce the next day; that the
schoolmaster, Mr. Rodgers, stated to them before he died that the
doctor, his wife and Spalding poisoned the Indians; that for seve-
ral years past they had to deplore the death of their children ;
that, according to these reports, they were led to believe that the
Whites had undertaken to kill them all, and that these were the
motives that led them to kill the Americans."

Riiu

198

Indian Massacre.

]h'- '!'

W'^A^

THE MASSACRE.

The morniug of the massacre, matters were proceeding as
usual at Waiilatpu, and there was no indication of unusual feel-
ing on the part of the Cayuses. There had been numerous deaths
among them from measles, caused greatly by their indiscretion
and methods of treatment that made the medical advice of Dr.
Whitman and his prescriptions of small avail. Many of the
Whites at the mission were also in hospital, and only that native
superstition was roused and controlled reason, they should have
seen that they had no cause for suspicion that Joe Lewis told the
truth when he said that he had overheard Mr. and Mrs. Whitman
and Mr. Spalding plan their wholesale poisoning. They believed
Whitman possessed supernatural powers, and were incensed that
he did not exercise them for their benefit.

Early in the afternoon of November 29, 1847, school had been
called, an ox had been slaughtered and was being dressed at a
little distance from the house, and quite a number of Indians
came about the same, as was their custom when an animal was
slaughtered and a carcass cut up. This unusual number attracted
the attention of Dr. Whitman, but caused no alarm. The con-
spirators assembled in this manner, with arms concealed under
their blankets. One of them called the doctor out, complained of
illness and demanded medicine. Wlien the doctor was attending
to this man, Ta-ma-hos came behind and felled the doctor with
two heavy blows of a tomahawk. This initiated a general butch-
ery, and once let loose, the demoniac nature of tiie Cayuses had
full sway. They killed Dr. and Mrs. Whitman, Missionary Rod-
gers. Schoolmaster Saunders, two Sager boys, Messrs. Marsh, Kim-
ball, Gill, Gittern, Young, and the two sick men, Bewley and
Sales. Mrs. Whitman was the only woman slain ; the lives of
<ither women and children were spared. Mr. Hall, Mr. Canfield,
and Mr. Osborn and family, a cliild of Mr. Hayes, and two adopted
children concealed themselves in the confusion and escaped in
safety, after much suffering and anxiety, to Fort Walla Walla,
twenty-five miles north.

CHIEF TRADER M'BEAN'S LETTER.

The families of Sniitli and Young were at the saw-mill, eight
miles away, and were brought to the station the next day. The
intercession of peaceable Nez-Percd chiefs was influential to save
their lives. There were four men, including two grown up sous.

Mission Life among the Indians.

199

The Cayuses had in their hands fifty-one prisoners. The young
men of the tribe appropriated the women and girls among their
captives to their own lust, and to a fate worse than death. On
arrival of the fugitives at Fort "Walla "Walla, Chief Trader Mc-
Beau sent an interpreter and man to "Waiilatpu to rescue any sur-
vivors, and forwarded letters to Fort Vancouver with a statement
of the facts p ■* he heard them, and WTote as follows : " Fever and
ague have been raging here and in this vicinity, in consequence of
which a great number of Indians have been swept away, but more
especially at the doctor's ("Whitman's) place, where he attended on
the Indians. About thirty of the Cayuse tribe died, one after
another. The survivors eventually believed the doctor had poi-
soned them, in which opinion they were unfortunately confirmed
by one of the doctor's party (Joe Lewis). As far as I have been
able to learn this has been the sole cause of the dreadful butchery.
In order to satisfy any doubt as to their suspicion that the doctor
was poisoning them, it is reported that they requested the doctor
to administer medicine to three of their friendu, two of whom
were really sick, but the third only feigning illness. ^Ul of these
were corpses the next morning."

GOV. DOUGLAS' ACCOUNT.

The leaders in the massacre were Telo Kaikt, his son, Tarn
Sucky, Esticus and Tamahos. The "Walla Walla Indians were not
ini])licated. Governor Douglas wrote thus to Governor Aber-
ucthy : " The Cayuses are the most treacherous and inti-actable
of all Indian tribes in this country, and had on many former
occasions alarmed the inmates of the mission bv their tumultuous
proceedings and ferocious threats ; but, unfortunately, these evi-
dences of a brutal disposition were disregarded by their admirable
pastor, and served to arm him with a firmer resolution to do them
good. He hoped that time and instruction would produce a
change of mind, a better state of feeling towards the mission, and
he might have lived to see his hopes realized had not the measles
and dysentery, following in the train of immigrants from the
United States, made frightful ravages this year in the upper
country, many Indians having been carried off through the vio-
lence of the disease, and others through their own imprudence.
The Cayuse Indians of "Waiilatpu, being sufferers in this general
calamity, were incensed against Dr. Wliitman for not exercising
las supposed supernatural power in saving their lives. They

■•s ■

!l I

■ililr-Wi

200

Indian Massacre.

carried this absurdity beyond that point of folly. Their super-
stitious minds became possessed with the horrible suspicion that
he was giving poison to the sick instead of wholesome medicine,
with a view of working the destruction of the tribe, their former
cruelty probably adding strength to this suspicion. Still some of
the more reflecting had confidence in Dr. Wliitman's integrity,
and it was agreed to test the effect of the medicines he had furn-
ished on three of their people, one of whom was said to be in
perfect health. They all, unfortunately, died. From that
moment it was resolved to destroy the mission. It was immedi-
ately after burying the remains of these three persons that they
repaired to the mission and murdered every man found there.
This happened at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. The Indians arrived
at the mission one after another, with their arms hid under their
blankets. The doctor was at school with the children. Tlie
others were cutting up an ox they had just killed. When the
Indians saw they were numerous enough to effect their object,
they fell upon the poor victims, some with guns and others with
hatchets, and their blood was soon streaming on all sides. Some
of the Indians turned their attention towards the doctor. He received
a pistol shot in the breast from one, and a blow on the head with
a hatchet from another. He had still strength enough remaining
to reach a sofa, where he threw himself down and expired. Mrs.
Whitman was dragged from the garret and mercilessly butchered
at thedoor. Mr. Rodgers was shot after his life had been granted to
him ; the women and children were also going to be murdered
when a voice was raised to ask for mercy in favor of those whom
they thought innocent, and their lives were spared. It is reported
that a kind of deposition made by a Mr. Rodgers increased the
fury of this savage mob. Mr. Rodgers was seized, was made to
sit down, and then told that his life would be spared if he made a
full discovery of Dr. Whitman's supposed treachery. That person
then told the Indians that the doctor intended to poison them ;
that one night when Mr. Spalding was at Waiilatpu he heard
them say that the Indians ought to be poisoned so that the
Americans might take possession of their lands. That the doctor
wished to poison all the Indians at once, but that Mr. Spalding
advised him to do it gradually. Mr. Rodgers, after this deposi-
tion, was spared, but an Indian who was not present, having seen
him, fired at and killed him. An American made a similar de-
position, adding that Mrs. Whitman was an accomplice, and de-

Mission Life among the Induns.

201

served death as well as her husband. It appears that he con-
cluded by saying that he would take the side of the Indians, and
detested Americans. An Indian then put a pistol in his hand,
and said to him, "if you tell the truth, you must prove it by
shooting that young American," and this wretched apostate from
his country fired upon the young man shown to him, and laid
him dead at his feet. It was on the evidence of that American
that Mrs. Whitman was murdered, or she might have shared in
the mercy extended to the other females and children."

" Such are the details as far as known of that disastrous
event, and the causes which led to it. Mr. Rodgers' reported
deposition, if correct, is unworthy of belief, having been drawn
from him by the fear of instant death. The other American, who
shed the blood of his own friend, must be a villain of the darkest
dye, and ought to suffer for his aggravated crime."

A LITTLE CRITICISM.

In McBean's letter to Vancouver he gives the Indian version
of their case, and alludes to Joe Lewis as " one of the doctor's
party." The letter of Doiiglas calls this infamous Joe Lewis re-
peatedly "an American." The fact was that Joe Lewis was a
Canadian half-breed, accidentally at the mission. He came there
ill and was nursed in hospital. When he recovered he was furn-
ished work. All the tenor of Mr. Douglas' letter is unfair, be-
ciiuse it gives the Indian version throughout. The Cay uses were
too sharp to believe Joe Lewis' story that he was in the same room
with Mr. Spalding and Dr. and ^Irs. Whitman when they planned
to poison the Indians. They knew better than to credit such a
story. It is not probable that any well Indian would go up with
two sick ones to receive medicine from Dr. Whitman and then
take the medicine, as is related by both McBean and Douglas.
That story is too thin for credence. The story of Mr. Rodger's
deposition and treachery to the Whitmans is not even plausible.
All these matters the Hudson Bay Company officials repeat so
confidently, could be easily manufactured as evidence by the
Cayuses. Joe Lewis undoubtedly betrayed the mission, and told
infamous lies to the Cayuses that led them to the massacre. Their
o\\ni bad natures and the unhappy intrigiie and rivalry of another
religious party were the chief causes of the massacre.

GOV. OODEN TO THE RESCUE,

On the 7th of December, Peter Skeen Ogden, associate chief

' fH

' MiM

: H

■B

Pacific N. \N. History Dapt.

PROVINCIAL Library

VICTORIA, B.C.

•1

iii

202

Indian Massacre.

'l! ' '

factor of the Hudson Bay Company, with a party of sixteen men,
left Vancouver for Walla Walla, to rescue and ransom the flftv-
one captives held by the Cayuses. It recjuired until the 23d to
collect a council of the Cayuses, and then several days were spent
in talk and arranging preliminaries. They were anxious to avoid
war, and afraid the Americans would come in force from Western
Oregon to punish them, and that fear was soon realized. Mr.
Ogden would make them no promises of peace, but did arrange
for the ransom of their prisoners on December 31. He wrote as
follows : " I have endured many an anxious hour, and for the
last two nights have not closed my eyes, but thanks to the
Almighty I have succeeded. During the captivity of the prisoners
they have suffered every indignity, but fortunately were well
provided with food. I have ^ ?en able to effect my object without
compromising myself or others. It now remains with the Amer-
ican Government to take what measure it deems most beneficial
to restore tranquility. This, I apprehend, cannot be finally
effected without blood flowing freely. So as not to compromise
either party, I have made a heavy sacrifice of goods, but these,
indeed, are of trifling value compared to the unfortunate beings I
have rescued from the hands of these murderous wretches, and I
am truly happy."

It is agreeable to find one officer of that great company who
could write in plain Anglo-Saxon, and make no half way excuses
for Cay use savagery. The active interposition of the Hudson's
Bay Company alone could have effected the noble object Governor
Ogden so generously accomplished, and we must give Mr. Douglas
full credit for his interest in the work ; even though we criticise
the seeming unfairness of his relation of the massacre and at-
tendant circumstances.

The Nez-Perces remained peaceful, but their mission, as also
that of Spokane, was broken up and never resumed their effi-
ciencj'. All the property at Waiilatpu was destroyed, and the
burning of Dr. Whitman's papers caused a loss to history that
cannot be replaced. The faithful and earnest labor of many
years was thus worse than lost. The tragic story that attaches
to the Walla Walla river, will remain one of the many legends of
the past, and it is hardly possible any other can ever equal it, as
the history of the Cayuses is almost closed.

S. A. Clarke.

Mission Life among the Indians.

203

Indians of Puoet Sound, in 1852.

"an inspired speculator.

So pleased was Captain Saywnrd witli the natural beauties of
theeouutry — the virginal beauties, yetunritled by coniinerce— that
he hired a cauoe, with an Indian and his squaw as the propelling
])ower, and set out down the Sound to Port Ludlow, a distance of
one hundi'ed miles from Olympia. lie was in search of a mill site.
In all these many miles there was not a white man to be seen.
Only the Indian had

' A lodge in this vast wilderness,
This boundless contiguity of shade.'
One hundred and more miles of an unbroken forest of magni-
ficent timber, running back to the Olympian range some fifty or
sixty miles ! Although used to the pine forests of the Penobscot
in Maine and the St. John in New Brunswick, the sight of so
much unclaimed ligneous wealth affected our speculatoi*'s brain a
trifle, and he coiUd scarcely contain himself. ' My God ! what a
country,' he exclaimed, rising in the canoe at the same time, to the
imminent danger of an upset. Td like to turn all the people of
the State of Maine in here, each man carrying a naiTow axe.'
With arms extendc ^ and eyes dilated, Sayward gave the Indians
the impression that they had a crazy man for a passenger, and ex-
changing a few Avords they rested on their paddles. But he soon
got over his ecstasy and bade them go to work again. Simple
savages ! Accustomed to look from Nature up to Nature's God,
they did not know they were introducing to these magnificent
scenes the pioneer of a race that only looked from Nature to a
market.

the indans on the sound.

The site was chosen at Port Ludlow and the mill erected in
March, 1853, the machinery for which was made by the brothers
James and Peter Donahue, then in the foundry business in San
Francisco. The Captain remained at the Sound till 1858. There
were about 300 Chimicum and Clallam Indians on the site Sayward
selected, but they gave no trouble. They moved away quietly
when requested, especially as they were promised all the lumber
they needed to build more substantial huts than those to which
they had been accustomed. The testimony of Captain Sayward
is interesting as to the habits and disposition of the Sound Indians

.1 ,n'

riil

'1|l

":i

204

Indian Massacre.

ih n'

at tliiK eurly poriod, before the Whites eiime in such numbers as
to inii»inf,'(! upon their freedom and narrow huntin^y grounds,
catising the fatuous war of 185;')— 5(5, when the redskins of Wash-
ington Territory heUl a grand powwow to eonsider the advisability
of driving all the white invaders into the sea. At that time Gen-
eral I. I. Stevens — afterwards killed at Ball's Bluflf with Colonel
liaker — was (Governor of the Territory, and MeClellan was on his
staff. General (then Lieutenant) Grant was in the field fighting
the Indians, and so was Lieutenant S(!ott, son of Dr. Seott, long
I)astor of CJalvary Chureh, in this city. But this is a digression.
Captain Sayward had no trouble with the Indians. He employed
a great many in and about the mill, and always found them in-
dustrious and trustworthy. They were singularly tenacious in
fulfilling a trust. Often, when the supply of whiskey ran short —
for it is next to impossible that a saw-mill can be run without the
" Kentucky brew " — he would send a couple of his Indians with
money to Olympia, by canoe, to get a barrel. This is about as
severe a test as can be given an Indian. But they brought the
whiskey home and delivered it intact. It is true, that if the Cap-
tain's back was turned, after the trust was fulfilled, they woiUd not
hesitate to steal the liquor. They had but dim ideas of the law of
meuvi and tiium. But they never broke their faith, no matter how
strong the temptation, when intrusted with a mission. In the
subsequent troubles, when the life of every white man on the
Sound was in danger. Captain Sayward found the benefit of his
kindness and confidence in the Indians during his early intercourse
with them. The hostiles never menaced him, and his property re-
mained undisturbed. In his opinion, so far as concerns the In-
dians who came under his immediate observation in his experiences
on the north-west coast, the poet spoke as much truth as poetry,
when ho said :

I love the India ; ere the white man came
And taught hir / vice and infamy and shame,
His soul was nc e. In the sun he saw
His God, and wo -hipped him with trembling awe.

RELIG tUS PECULIARITIES.

And this poetic exprt ^sion leads naturally to the fact that the
Sound Indians used to be very religious, in their way ; religion
being defined as the observance of certain forms, whether Christian
or pagan. Certainly, the Chimicums and Clallams, simple sons of

1, ! i 1 ■,

ill m >^f': ■■

Mission Lifb amono tub Indians.

205

tlie forest and the sciv, had their time pretty well divided Ix^ween
j)n»vidiiijj^ for their i)hysieal wants and worshipping (h'ities, seen
and unseen. Tlie moon in its twelve chun},'e8 reoreseiited to the
Indian twelve gods^ and, when it was full-orbed, a grand festival
was hehl in honor of the deity of that partieular month. The
annual festival was in honor of the sun, that luminary being
dignified by the nanu;, in the Chinook jargon, ' liyas tyee Tema-
nowos,' or the god of all, the god of gods. At these fcistivals,
monthly as well as annual, all tin; Indians on the Sound gathered;
there were thousands in 1852 where there iire hundreds now.
Each, squaws as well as bucks, v'as i)rovided with a ])ieco of .split
log called in the Eastern prairie States * puncheon.' It was un-
dressed and ftdl of splinters. Seated in a (nnde, the size of which
depended on the number of worshippers jjresent, they waited in
silence fwr the rising of Luna — to these savages a god, to the
l)agans of old a goddess. As soon as the silver disk showed al)ove
the horizon, the chief, or leader of the ceremonies, led otT with a
short, weird chant, which was taken up by the whole assemblage,
until, from the exact time kept by beating <m the 'puncheons,' a
kind of rhythm resulted— not exactly as harmonious as that de-
scribed by Milton, when he said of the heavenly host that they

* Sang hallelujahs as the sound of seas,'
but a rude chorus, rising Avith each repetition till the eighth was
reached, and then da cap>. Some of the notes were drawn out like
the wail of a banshee, and others dropi)ed on the ear like the stac-
iiv '■.o of musketry fire. It is impossible to describe the effect pro-
di.eed by this chant as it rang through the solemn aisles of the
stately forest, while the lapping waves (their circle was always
formed on the seashore) at the feet of the dusky singers mtirmur-
ed a subdued accompaniment. This kind of worship Avas a test of
endurance. All night long it was sustained, all the next day, the
next night and the day folloAving, sometimes — no food i)assing the
Indians' lips in the meantime — until one or more of the number
were used up.

THE NEW HIKTH.

It was at the grand annual festival of the Sun, held at Clal-
lam Bay, that this interesting ceremony was witnessed. There
were thousands of Indians i)resent, and the chanting had lasted
for two days, when one of the number succnmbiul to sheer ex-
haustion, falling supine and apparently lifeless. Then the chant

■1

200

Indian Massachk.

ilH I

1 3

ceased and he was taken to the sweat-house. After undergoing a
hot air hath for some fifteen minutes, lie was rolled in a blanket,
and put on a shelf to dry. He remained in this state for hours,
sometimes days — in fact it was doubtful if he could revive.
From tests made, the cataleptic redskin was quite insensible to
pain. One of the Indians, who spoke a little English, was asked:

" Does the man ever die f "

" Sometimes," he replied ; " sometimes the spirit lose his way
and cannot come back. Then Indian die.''

The present subject, when he did recover consciousness, was
led forth by his friends to a position in the circle near the chief.
And now another interesting part of the ceremonies began. The
restored Indian looked about him for a while in a dazed sort of
way, and presently spoke, at first in a low tone, raising his voice
by degrees. There was a reverential hush throughout tlie
circle, and every head was bent, eager to catch the words of the
speaker. He was considered the favorite of the god of the month,
and the communication he had to make was given him Avhile he
lay unconscioixs. Often his speech lasted an hour, and it was
generally an exhortation or tribal lesson to his fellows on their
simple duties, and whether the god was pleased or displeased with
their conduct. As soon as he had ceased he commenced to part
with his worldly possessions. To one he gave his canoe, to another
his Hudson Bay Company gun or his bow and arrows, to another
his wickiup, to a fourth his cooking utensils, his horses, etc. At
last, stripped of all his goods, he stood with only the old blanket
covering him ; then the principal chief advanced, and, withdraw-
ing the fastening at the throat, let this drop about the heels of
the messenger from the unseen, and he stood before his tribe
naked as when he first came into the Avorld. This was the new
birth. He was considered as born again by the ordeal through
which he had passed, and ready to commence life once more.
After a pause the medicine man, taking a brand new blanket,
approached the " infant adult " and covered his nakedness, manip-
ulating his head with eveiy sign of affection, and crooning a song
of rejoicing at the same time. A mighty shout went up from the
tribe as thev also welcomed the new chief — the favorite of their
god. Such was the scene to be witnessed at Port Ludlow, or Port
Gamble, Olympia, or some other selected spot on the Sound, before
the white man invaded the " forests primeval." It is to be pre-
sumed the '' noble red men" are too busy nowadays attending to

Mission Life among the Indians.

207

the slabs and scantling of the saw-mills ; and his chants to the moon,
if he indulge in any, are drowned by the scurr of a thousand
circulars, converting hio forests into money for the pale-faee.
There is not much romance or sentiment, Indian or other, about a
saw-mill.

THE squaws' lecture.

• There was another curious practice among the Indians on
the Sound in the earlv davs. It was the lecture or sermon that,
at stated periods, was delivered exclusively to the Indian women.
An important member of the tribe, the big chief or the medicine
man, would select a promontory or island remote from the niaiu-
liind, perhaps in the vicinity of Port Ludlow, and paddle himself
there, solitary and aione, on a fine day. Soon all the squaws
would be seen following him, paddling vigorously toward the
common point. No bucks were among them ; they all remained
on the mainland. The preacher, instructor, exhorter, or whatever
he was, often stood in the water up to his knees for a full hour
or more while he delivered his discourse ; but the Indian maidens
a id squaws gathered as close around him as their canoes wo'.:ld
permit, so as to catch every word that fell from his lips. Savona-
rola was never more in earnest than this dusky preacher ; his
face and action showed he realized the importance of his k. wor
He was supposed to be instructing the women as to their proper
duties in their savage life ; but whatever he said, they were eager
to hear it all. There was no noise save the occasional chafing
of one canoe against another as they moved ■with the slight swell
of the water. It is an exciting spijctacle to see the dusky women,
wlieu the service was over, start in an emulative race for the
mainland, their dark sinewy arms plying the flashing paddle as
the light canoe cut swiftly the placid waters of tne Sound, until
with laughing banter the prows touched the shore and they re-
joined the bucks, who were idly awaiting them.

Too grateful for the blessing lent
Of simple tastes and miml content."

Geo. E. Barnes.

Indians op Puget Sound and Columbia Kiver, in 1850.

General Wool sent Keyes' eon^pany over to Steilacoom during
the following week, where he found the inhabitants in a wild state

;.|8lirl

( M

11 <

I'l ^

lU -^'^

Sft^

208

Indian Mass\cue.

of alarm, as many families had been murdered by the Indians. On
the fourth of December, Lieutenant Slaughter was killed by the
Klickitat Indians, headed by the famous chief Kanaskat.

DEATH OP KANASKAT.

On the morning of the 25th of February, 185G, at Lemon's
prairie, about nine miles above Tacoma, on the Puyallup, Ser-
geant Newton posted a pi'ivate named Kehl and two others as *a
picket guard of Keyes' company. The cooks had already lighted
the fires, and the watchful soldier saw a gleam of light reflected
from a rifle barrel about a hundred yards up the trail beyond the
bend. Then he saw five Indians in single file creeping stealthily
down the hill, the one in front waving his hand backward to
caution his followers. Kehl waited till the leader was nearly
abreast of him, and then fired, when the gi*eat chief Kanaskat
fell, shot through the spine, which paralized his legs, but his
voice and arms were not affected. " At the report of Kehl's shot,"
wi'ites General Keyes, " I ran out to the bridge, where I heard
Sergeant Newton crying out, * VV^e've got an Indian.' " It took
two soldiers to hold him as he tried to draw a knife, and as
they dragged him across the bridge he continued to call out in a
language I did not understand. Some one came who recognized
the rounded Indian, and exclaimed, " Kanaskat." " Nawitka ! "
said he with tremendous energy, his voice rising to a sci'eam —
" Kanaskat - Tyee — mameloose nika mika mameloose Bostons."
He added, " My heart is wicked to the Whites, and always will be,
so you had better kill me." Then he began to call out in his
native tongue which none of us could understand. He api)eared
CO be yelling for his comrades, and two shots were fired from the
pickets on the hill when Corporal O'Shaughuessy, who was stand-
ing by, placed his rifle close to the chief's temple and blew a hole
through his head, scattering the brains about Regarding the
carcass of the dead chief as that of an unclean animal wliich men
hunt for the love of havoc, we left it in the field unburied, and
went on our way to fight his people. The death of their most
warlike chief and the decisive victorv we achieved, dismaved the
redskins, and thereafter their energies were exerted to avoid
battles with the regulars, though they afterwards fought with the
volunteers. We hunted them almost night and day, over hill and
dale, and through the densest thickets. It rained more than half
the time, and the influence of Mount Rainier and its vast covering

Mission Life among the Indians.

209

of eternal snow upon the temi)erature made the nights excessively
cold. Such was our liability to surprise that we were obliged to
bo ready to fight at all times. The hardships of that campaign, in
which the pluck of Kautz, Mendcll, Sukely, and others was tested,
caused us later to regard the Wilderness battles as recreation.

In the Indian war of 1856 Lieutenant Sheridan served under
Col. George Wright of the Ninth Infantry, whom he describes as
an able officer. In this campaign he captured thirteen Cascade
Indians, nine of whom were afterwards hanged for their participa-
tiou in the massacre at the ' blockhouse.'

In illustration of the insane hatred of the Indians which per-
vaded the people of Oregon at this time, Sheridan mentions the
hanging in cold blood of the family of a friendly Chinook chief,
Spencer, the interpreter of Col. Wright. His wife, two young
boys, three girls and a baby were hanged by some white bar-
barians. The babe was strangled by means of a red silk hand-
kcri'liief taken from the neck of its mother. These poor creatures
were killed in the spirit of aimless revenge by citizens who knew
that their victims were the family of a notoriously friendly and
peaceable chief, who had nothing to do with the ' Block House
Massacre.' Spencer's family had walked into the settlement under
Hiii protection of a friendly alliance, and Sheridan declares that
frbis wholesale murder of innocent and helpless victims was the
most dastardlv and revolting crime he ever knew to be committed

bv Whites.

Pri:8Krvin(} the Indian in Calipoknia.

A guutleumn explains the real cause of the recent Imliau troubles at Mono
Lake, C^alifornia, 188!).

"A few days since a San Francisco ilispati-h stated that Indiiuis in
Mono connty, California, had killed a settler and three Italians, and that
tidulile was feared, and Governor Waterman had been asked to send
troops there.

A gentleman who has resided for several years in Mono connty, in the
Bodie section, and in the ^•icinity of INIono lake, has lately arrived here and
gives an account of the origin of the tronblo with the Indians, which goes
to substantiate the saying of some of the old settlers of this state that
every outbreak of the Indians has been brought on by outrages they have
suflered at the hands of the Whites.

The Mono lake region is a desolate, sterile section, much resembling
the country around the Dead Sea. The waters of the lake are tlioroiighly
imi)regnated with borax, salt and magnesia, and the only animal life found
14

■I

WW'

..In

5 '

. !*

• 'i,' Vim

81 S

i tj

it I

14 :

210

Indian Massache.

in it in a sort of a worm, about one-fourth of an inch iu length, reseinbhng
in appearance a ishrinii). This worm is of an oily nature, and forms, when
blown on the shore by the winds, by combining with the alkaline water a
soapy mixture, and frequently a bank of this soapsuds several feet in d<>ptli
is deposited along the shore of the lake.

The Piute Indians, who Uve in the countrj' around Mono lake are very
fond of these worms or shrimps, which they call "kitchavio" and eat
all tli(>y can get of them ; in fact "kitchavie " and i)ine nuts arii their food
staples.

On the western shore of Mono lake lived a settler named Louis Sam-
man. He had resided there for over twenty years, raising cattle on the
stunted pasturage arov^nd the lake, leading a lonely life.

Occasicmallj' he would kill a Piute and cast the body into the alkaline
waters of tlie lake, where it would soon petiify. This fact was well known
to the Whites residing in that section, and the gentleman who gives this
information says he has seen four of these bodies calmly rejjosing at the
botton) of the lake. Samman's avowed intention was to use the bodies, as
soon as they became sulliciently hardened, for hitching jDosts and door
steps.

The Indians, however, were ignorant of Samman's eccentricity, or at
least had only heard uncontirnied stories of it. A few days before the
killing above mentioned, a party of Piutes were fishing for " Idtchavie, "
scooping them oft" the surface of the Avater with willow baskets. In the
vicinity of Samman's i)lace they saw the bodies of their miirdered brethren
lying on the gravelly bottom.

Then the stories they had heard were confirmed. They became
frenzied for revenge, and going to Samman's cabin took him out (he was
alone) and .shot him through the heart, carried the body into the cabin,
laid it on the bed, and to make sure that he was dead, fired another shot
through his brain. They then went several miles to a place where four
Italians were and killed three of them, one escaping to Bodie and alarm-
ing the citixens, telUng them at the same time not to go out there for a few
days, as the Indians had sworn to kill any white man that came out. The
Indians were very much excitinl, and eager to avenge the death of the
petrilied I'iutes. A reipiest was made on Gcjvernor Waterman for arms
and ammunition, and he offered to send trooi)s, but the offer was declined.
The recjuest for arras and ammxmition has since been countermanded, and
things have (juieted down considerably, but still the A-igilanceof the people
has not relaxed. An efl'ort to arrest the guilty Indians will shortly be
made."

How " Civilization '' was introduced to the Natives of
South and Central America.

The second volume ou Central America just issued, is one of
the most interesting of H. H. Bancroft's " History of the Pacific

Natives of Central and Soutfi Ameiuca.

211

States." It deals mainly with a period of wliicli the simple recital
of its events reads like a romance. ^Ir. Bancroft has no sympathy
with the Spanish methcd of colonization and he never neglects an
opportunity to point out the greed and villainy which lies under
the thin veneer of religious zeal in the Spanish- American cou-
(pierors. He also delights in laying hare the hypocrisy of the
priestly chroniclers, who never fail to find a good excuse for the
methods of the men who carried the cross with hloody hands
among the ill-starred natives of Central and South America. II*}
can see no redeeming (pialities in Francisco Pizarro, Alvarado and
the other Spanish cor.queroi\s, siivc their superb courage, which
never faltered, eveii in the face of the most appalling dangers,
lie has none of that half-concealed fondness for these pictures(pie
pirates which is shown by many writers. He gives the plain
truth about them, scripped of all the glamor which the Church has
cast over their cruelties. The single chapter devoted to Pizarro
is an admirable review of the methods of one of the bravest and
meanest of the great adventurers of the world. Of infamous
origin and brutal instincts, his low ciinuing and unsurpassed
courage placed him at the head of the lawless crew in Panama and
made him surpass in Peru the crimes with which Cortez marked
liis bloody march through Mexico. Nothing in history is more
cruel than the massacj ^ of the natives and the capture of the Inca,
which delivered into .ic hands of these freebooters the rich em-
pire of Peru. In a half -hour 5000 defenseless Peruvians were
butchered, without the loss of a single Spaniard. The massacre
was precipitated by the action of the Inca, who, when the Priest
Vicente de Valverde was urging upon him the beauties of the
Catholic faith, flung the Bible to the earth and tram})led upon it.
The eifect Avas similar to that which would follow a curse on the
religion of Mohammed uttered in an Arabian mosipie. As the
author says, "To their brutal instinct was added a spiritual
drunkenness which took them out of the category of manhood and
made them human fiends. We wonder how men could so believe;
hut greater still is our wonder that men so believing could so be-
have." This massacre was followed by the usual sequence — a
forced levy on the kingdom for treasure as the ransom of the
captured monarch; the accumulation of treasure, which is estinuit-
ed as worth $20,000,000, in one day, and finally the farcical trial
and condemnation of the captive Inca when no more gold and sil-
ver and precious stones could be wrung from the people. The

212

Indian Massaciie.

' 4

i :

■ .;.|

trial and the death sc(>ne of the iiiiha|)i)y Inca are tohl in these
few words, made more impressive by their brevity :

The accusations and the trial wodd both be laughable were
they not so diabolical. Pizarro and Alniagro acted as judges.
Among the charges were attempted insurrection, usurjiation and
putting to death the lawful sovereign, idolatry, waging unjust
warfare, adultery, polygamy and the emliezzlement of tlie public
revenues since the Spaniards had taken possession of the country.
^Vhat more cutting irony could Avords present of the Christian
and civilized idea of hunumity and the rights of man then enter-
tained, thau the catalogue of crinu^s by which tliis barbarian must
unjustly die, every one of which the Spaniards themselves had
committed in a tenfold degree since entering these dominions.
Tlie ()])inion of the soldiers was taken. It is unnecessary to say
that the i)r"souer was found guilty. He was condemned to be
burned aliva in the plaza.

At the appointed hour the royal captive, heavily chain'^d, was
led forth. It was nightfall, and the torchlights threw a dismal
glare xipon the scene. By the Inca's side walked the infamous
Father Vicente, who never ceased pouring into the iinwilling ear
of his victim his hateful consolations. Upon the funeral pile,
Atahualpa was informed that if he would accept baptism he might
be kindly strangled instead of burned. " A cheap escape from
much suft'ering," thought the monarch, and permitted it to be
done. The name of Juan de Atahualpa was given h'' ii. The iron
collar of the garrote was then tightened, the Christians recited
their credos over the new convert, and the spirit of the Inca hied
away to the sun. Thus one more jewel was added to the immortal
crown of Father Vicente de Valverde !

Soon after Pizarro falls in a bloody brawl, a victim to the lust
for gold and power of the man whom he had made rich and
powerful. He was nearly eighty years of age when he met his
fate, yet so great was his vigor and courage that he killed Ave
persons and wounded others before he was subdued.

lu the succeeding chapters are related the exploits of the
Spanish conquerors in the various States of Central America, and
on the Isthmus of Darien. The expeditions of Alvarado, the work
of the ecclesiastics iu Guatemala and Chiapas, of Ilerrera in Hon-
duras, the raids of Drake and Oxenhun on the Isthmus, the
descents of the buccaneers, the outrages of Morgan at Darien, and
the exploits of other cut-throats, who dignified rapine and murder

m ;'« ■•

Natives op Central and South Ameuioa.

213

by the title of exi)l()ratiou — these furnish the materials for a story
as thrilliiiff as eaii be found in the pages of romance. The history
is broujjrht down to the close of the eighteenth century and shows,
with its wealth of detail, the stagnation which has always marked
the colonies of Spain. Those of the natives who objected to the
cruel domination of the Spaniards were killed. In Gruatemala
alone Las Casas estimated the number of those who were massa-
cred or driven to deatli by this brutal treatment at between four
and five millions. The aim of the invaders was to wring the
uttermost farthing from the natives. Some of them glossed this
mercenary motive under I'eligious zeal, but this did not alter its
cliaracter. Even a man of high character like Las Casas, whose
sold revolted at the cruelties perpetrated in the name of religion,
was responsible for the worst curse that ever befell this continent
— African slavery. Tliere are absolutely no redeeming features in
the history, except the dauntless courage and iron endurance of
the men who ravished and depopulated a fair territory in the holy
name of the Church.

" Twelve years after the discovery of Hispaniola, as Columbus
himself writes, six-sevenths of the natives were dead through ill-
treatment."

" Boru by the law that compels men to be,

Born to comlitious they could not foresee.

Fashioned ami shaped by no will of their own,

A^d helplessly into life's history thrown. "

' -iS

OKI 'i f- '

,1 ,

4 i

Hi ■ i

.^^i :

JftSi

■Hm-

^M\ t ,

(

' H' '

IKi ''

'^m^» y'

CHAPTER XIV.

Home 1 utilJing narrative rosiimeil. — Improve homestead claim as I had the
other. — The market, etc. — My herds of cattle, horses, hogs, etc. — Great
prosperity. — Railroads built from tide water ; freights, etc. — Immigra-
tiou. — Further enlargement of my home and business by leasing, fenc-
ing and breaking a quarter section of school land. — Coi)y of lease
and receipt for second years i)ayment on the same. — The law and
custom as to it. — Confirmed by Congress. ^ — Serve as ctmuty road
viewer and on first grand jury of Columbia County, and learn soj^e-
thing. — Road 8Uijer\isor of a twenty-mile district.— A review, and
what J have learned about farming, etc. — The best economy while
"8eri)euts are at the iidder."

FALL of 1877. — Having built an addition to our house, a
cellar and a stable ; fenced a garden and potato field, and a
pastiire on homestead claim ; plowed most of the arable land
on the same ; sowed it in fall wheat, and fenced it, and more,
with a worm fence ; having a 120 acre crop under way or assured ;
with plenty of grain, hay and straw for feed and to sell at good
prices — barley and oats being worth one and one quarter cents
a pound, and wheat 50 cts. a bushel at home ; eggs 20 cts., butter
30 cts. a lb., and hay $8 a ton in the stack — not that the
rivers going down to the sea were made free to the people, but
on account of the large immigration — and having good herds of
cattle, horses and hogs ; virtually out of debt, and having means
to employ help, I was ready to further enlarge my home and
business.

The river freights were still -vartually prohibitory, but after
a time railroads were built, from tide water reaching into the
different sections of this upper country ; but the rivers are to
this day (1889) held by the secret pirates of a Mormon govern-
ment from being an opposition, independent and free line to
the sea.

I here give about the average freights to 1889, from the
Press. —

"They now [1884] charge on uj) freight from twenty to forty dollars
per ton, according as the goods will bear it. Anybody can see that is
robbery on a line of 300 miles."

"Freights from Portland [tide water] to Dayton are now [1884]
twenty-seven to forty dollars i)er ton. From Dayton to this jooint [seat of
Garlield county] twenty dollars more per ton is added. These rates bleed

(214)

Ranch Life in the West.

215

OTir people to doath. None but the best country iu the worhl coulil
stanil "t."

1884. — "The (lepression in the price of wheat still continncH, and we
hear of some Hokl as low as twenty-six cents i)cr bnshd. ^\'e see the I'ortlaud
market price is .$1.05, just think, seventy-five cents per bushel for trans-
portation and handUng from our county (Garfield) to Portland, river route
almost all the way. It is shameful." "This county alone has about
2,000,000 bushels of grain to expoi-t." [And yet people — who omiht to //«■
slaves, and theij are, — ke2)t voting the Mormons into ollice, and here is the
result. ]

1889. — "The Legislature cannot well permit this bill [to open the
river] to die of neglect, [but as usual the masons killed it.] The one great
grievance of all Eastern Oregon [and Washington] is, and has for years
been, the tax laid upon its resources by [masonic] cori)orations, that have
hold the key to the transportation business of that section through owning
luul operating the only i)ortage facilities between the jjoints named in
the bUl.

True, the general government undertook nieasures for a reli«>f of this
grievance a number of years ago, but as one appropriation after another
1ms boon swallowed up [by the gang] iu the undertaking, and the most
formidable jiart of the work is yet to be doui>, the people have naturally
grown tired and long for some measure that furnishes relief for themselves,
as well as for their remote posterity."

But they still voted the brethren into office, who thus stran-
gled tlie country's prosperity,

Masoiuy is a wide spreading tree ; its roots are like that of a
cancer; while among its boughs numerous traitorous insects are
liarbored and concealed, and under its protecting foliage the dead-
ly night shade of conspiracy is reared and brought to maturity.

And the people would unite to hang outsiders for stealing but
a few head of stock !

To enlarge my home and business, I accordingly commencec]
to break up the arable land on the quarter section of school
land adjoining my place above, having improved it somewhat
before the land was surveyed, as before noted.

As it was destitute of water and the ultimate cost when it
should be sold so uncertain, all laud hunters rejected it. So I
was in no hurry about leasing it. With my experience in home-
building I could see that if some one would take the land and
improve it, I could then buy him out for less cost than to improve
it myself. But nobody would have it. So the following Febru-
ary, when other business called me to the far away county seat,

, ; ' f

it ' ' «

• iff,

H u

216

Ranch Life ik the West.

I weut and leased it, fts an enlargement to my home. And here
following' is a copy of the lease, also of receipt for the second
year's payment ou the same.

1 ,h,. .h, ./X^'j ^ c>^«-<^L^>*<V

nilliim ll.o (!,.>ftnM,i.nl ..r iSc I'nlicd Si.rn h» iwrfrj rctuin Ijnrt. in W.-diniilnn TetnlMj f.i Srhool inrt t<t

u..„„n.i nu,|.«", .».!. n',,!.!... I., .» .•• "f 'h' U«,.l.m. \..-M, „r W..h,n«l..„ T-r,,..-,. (..«ea No,-m.

iKt .'JJ Hb!!. Ihr C.iuwj CimiuiMioneri ..f >li<- .I'vftil C'..uiilif» m uid Tjrrilorjr. nrc duly .ulh..t.lfd inJ «ciip»w.

cr.<j'w ursttM Pint MiJ Itnd.. or .n; fotlioti il.trtof, for « urm ul )r-.ti noi .icCTjing aii. ..r u.ilil .u.h l.„dt

>li»ll ba >^ld t

Now THKMl-roiu, Till* r-ft'MTLRr, Mtdo »nd eii-cutcd t
A. l) IxT^Wi'ffliihe ll'X'd ..r C.unl; I'onimi..i..nrt. „f Columl)l« rounlj. Waihin(,t..n Terrilorj, p.nj of th»
•m (on, iiid »-'>?<^/ji^Pv ^'^^ >^^^^2<(^^^-<Sl6^ uf ""d oiuBIJ nod Torrilurj uf lli« Moind fin,
WlTfini^KTH, Thftt thi Hid party of iho firit p*rt, pummtt la Mid U«, hu grtnud, dciniK-d, and to hm let, ind
); idOt prcMiiH doei ilrtot. dfiiiiH, >nd tn ftrm lei, with Ibt uid pirtj of th« Kcond pirt, M ilit ccilam lot piere
or pared "f (aH'l, >jlinlc. lyinj and bnnj 13 iho Cnunly nf Culunibu, T-rrit.iry of WMhiriilun, ajiciiLrd a. f..llo»

' )h •wffrilintco with (lie

1 ihfl

'iiii iiiv-ur.i-^a .i.i'l )>l;iiv>f t'i<3 L'liitttJ Sutmi Oovcrnmcnl.wiih the npptirtvii|iiCH^fiir ihe rcrm uf.^

irTlni>eieut Buthnrity. ^t tlit annaul rem or lura of ... yf-^^A^fOf ., dullirt, pr\ynl.K' in Jnwfol iiiunev uf iht Unil<^
.tiitc^ to tlic Trciiiyrcr of Mid couniy. titnuilljr In «d»jnco, on ih« ...O..r^*jvX .CrU^vN^.'^Mh and ttir) yhr

provided tlwnyi, rievertholcM, thnt if llic rent nbofc rourved nr tnjp purtton ibrrouf, tli'll be In irrcirk \t\ tinplld on

Sniiy day nf pAjriiiciil when ilit> «sin« ou}{ht lo bo paid u« aloreiaid ; or if default be iii.m}c in any id'tlio covenant herein
CviilAiiicd, oil the purr or bchnlf uf i.iid party .if the necond purl, hif esecutun, BdiniuiatrHtnri or aMii;;ns, Ot be paid, krpi
and pcrruniied, then it ahnll b; Uwrul Tor tliu ajid C <unty Comini«4l<>i)crs or xuid Cuuiity o rv-emor the >iiid pieiitiHa,
witlixut any tognl proreti or warrant ntlier thnn m hcmin rontaiiicd. and to rciUDve, •" ciiuso lo be iviuovcd, all pertont
Ihtrrfrou). '
»■• **
J Kni thft aaid pnrty of lb« aecond pirt,"3.>ol"hcrcby covpiinnt. ^Miuiw and ajirco t" pay the laid rent nl the time and

rtn lliu manner lu'rcinloforc ii|M'oifli.'J, iinJ not li Ic' or undcTlet tho wlinic or any pjtl of luid premiacs wuhuut the writ.

Tico C"inBi.'nt "f the Board oC Cuuniy ruminnsinijca, and ahnll and will, at his i>wn proper cmt and charjjeit, pay all tuch
ItaKCi and as^eaRiiK'nts whatever, o-i »hiill or may, during iho aaid l«rni hrreby ^{raiiled, Lc charged, iMl^ed or inipusfd
[upon the said prcim^eit \ und not to cut nr deatroy any timber ffrowing upou aaiJ Uiid^, during aaiij leriu, ihc tnmt heing
[A^ri-t^ mrrvrif Ay the laiif parljf nf the /nf part ; and agreeing al*u tint nil the ftncin;^ and hIIht imprnvcrKiDta put
f upon t.iid Und, ituiin;; laid Icrni, ahil) attach to and bceoiue a part of tho ronlty nt (he cxpiratiun of «.iid icriu.

And that nii the la^t dny nf tho laid lerni, or other aoitncr dctoriuinalion of tho ritato hoteby (jraiucd, iba aaid party

tiif itu^jcL'Onil part, hi« exceutura, BdminiArator* and ani^na, ahall and will paacaably and quietly, leave, aurrcndi'r and
yirld up unto the aaid parly of the fint part, all and aingular tho aaid pranUei togothcr with the oppurtcnancoa.

And the ftaid party of the first purt doM hereby uorenant, prnmlaa and af;m, that the anid party uf the wrond part,
'paying the said rent, and pcrfnrming the coTonanta nfuresuid, ahall aod may peacerLIy aod quuHy have, hold and enjoy
ih* Mid preniiien for the terto aforttaid.

In WiT.HKSs WiiiRBOr, the aaid partiea hare hcreanto aat thair hands aOd tciJa, the day and year firetabova written

iiipDed acftlcd and delivered In preaence of

School Land Lease.

(Beduccil to one half of tin* oi igUial s"ze,)

(217)

1, M ,

!>'' ■\

f^^

218

Ranch Life in the Weht.

1 1 i

;il

•1

" Tlio orgunic act of CougroHs doi-larcH thiit 'ull lawH paHHod by tlio logis-
lativo AsHcmbly aucl Governor of ' Wualiiugtou territory, sliaU be Hubmitteil
to Congress, and, if disapproved, Bliall bo null and of no efl'eet."

"Tboaet of bS07, making tlio bi-annual eossionsof tho legislature be-
gin two montliH oarli(>r in tho odd year, vaa not diHapi)roved by CongresH,
but by virtue of tho nde, 'Hileneo gives assent,' irns tipprDri'd,"

And the legislature henceforth acted accordingly — as
though the act had been formally approved. As did tho courts
and people as to the other acts of the legislature. // was and
is the laiivcrsdl cnsf())iif<>r lavs, to he in/orce until congress, or the
courts, or thehyisloture abroijates them. And so it was with this
school-land act. It was forthwith made available and largely
availed of. And on its being questioned, as all laws are for a
price, the IT. S. Attorney General wrote as follows, to the terri-
torial Delegate in Congress.

( DEl'^UaMKNT OF JlSTIOK.

I WASHiNtJToN, June 7tli, 1880.

Siii:

It seems to mo upon a careful reading of the law referred to that the
commissioners themselves, as rei)ri'seuting the county, are invested with
power to i)rotect the interests of the county in sections IG and 36, ■which
were reserved by Congi-ess for the benefit of the common schools therein.

I infer this from the aiithority given them, to locate other lands in case
Boctions 16 and 36 are occupied by actual settlers jirior to the survey theiy -
of. Under this authority to locate, they nuiy take possession, and so of
sections 16 and 36, if not occupied by actual settlers i)rior to the survey
thereof.

The statiite gives to the territory the title and the right of i)osses8iou.
and the i)ro2)er representatives of the tenitory who for this purpose are,
I in-esume, the county commissioners, may institute proceedings to defend
that ijossession, or to recover it as against trespassers.
Very r-^spectf u Uy,

Your obedient servant,

Chas. Devens,

Attorney General."

From the Press. — '• WAiiLA Walla, Oct. 14th, 1882. For the informa-
tion of "Inqtiirer" it is stated that many years ago the legislature of "Wash-
ington territory, by solemn enactment, authorized the commissioners of the
different counties to lease school lands, the rents to be added to the school
fund of the county -wherein the lands were situated. Does "Inquirer"
■vsish to decrease the school fund by abolishing the practice ? If so he
must either ai)peal to the legislature to rejieal the law, or induce a court of
competent jurisdiction to declare the act as unauthori2;ed. "

18H-,.—
ar(! .ioitig con?
liind:. are leas(
tract, the leasi
lease, tvhiih'. si
before the Ter
and the leases
lire sold, tho o
iniiiscd ])rico,
even at tho loM
.secured of S'A)
now obtained
iitillions of doll

In 1888
Congress for

Tho follow
upon the schoo

AVuEltliAS,

territory was ri's

Wheheas,
territory, by an
the several coun
nut exceeding si
school fund ; ani

A\'nEUEAS, '

cultivation there

nieuts thereon ai

ef cultivation, ai

said im})roveniei

Whereas, '1

Be if eiuwlcn

.several counties

reside in the act

2, iHCi), entitled,

itigton territory,'

hereby is, confir

dated and confir

Approved, I.

I spent ]
Marcii, 1878, i
Asotiii country
of county com

Eanch Life ik the West.

219

IHH'), — "Tli(< coininissionorH of Kin<^ county, [Wostern WiishintJftou]
lilt' .ioiiig coiisiilfnililc ImsincsH in tlic way of Iciisinj^ hcIiooI IuikIm. 'J'1u<so
liiiids iiri! leased in traets of ICiO iiereH, or less, at ten dollars a year for eaeh
tract, the l(>ase;i nimiiii^? for six years. (LnrkiiiH liretlireii could, and did
lease, ir/talit sritinns muX held tlieni|. It is inipossilde to sell tlicse Linds
heforo tho Territory becomes a State. Tliey, however, are in jirea^rcMjuest,
au<l tlie lenses are ea!j:erly sou^^ht, it heiiiLC understood tliiit w lien tin? ]:uids
are sold, tho occupants sliall have tlie first ri^^ht to imrcha.-te at the ap-
pniised i)rico. Th(> cinuity is entitled to 7r>,(MMt acres, and if all leased
oveu at the low i)rice of ten dollars a year, a rcn-euuf? would thereby lii'
,m'curi>d of .i?r)()0() or more. AVith no ellbrt made in tiie ])ast, iU'lM a year is
HOW obtained in this way. Tlu- school lauds of King county will be worth
millions of dollars iu time to come."

In 1888 there were 5000 such leases as mine held, and
()on}i;ress formally approved tho same as follows: —

" Washington Tkkkitory Soiiooi. Lands.

The following is an act of Congress "for tho relief of certain settlers
upon the school lands of Washington territory:"

Wheheas, Sections Ki and H'J of each township of land in Washington
tenitory was reserved unto that territory for school purposes ; and

Whkheas, On Decendter 2, 180!), tho legislative assend)ly of that
territory, by an act duly passed, authorized the county commissioners of
the several counties in that tenitory to lease said lands for a term of years
not exceeding six years, the money received therefore being )daced in the
school fund ; and

WiiEKKAS, Tho lands so leased are greatly enhanced in value by the
<!ultivation thereof, and the lessees thereof have made valuable improve-
ments thereon and incurred large expense iu rtnlucing such land to a state
of cidtivaticm, and will incur much loss if they are caused to abandon their
said improvements and cultivations ; and

Whekeas, The validity of the said leases is questioned ; therefore,

lie it eumii'ii, etc., That the action of the county commissioners of the
several counties of Washington territory under the authoiity sujjposed to
reside in the net of the legislative assembly of said territory t)f Decend)«>r
2, IHC)!), entitled, "an act to ijroxide for the leasing of school laud iu Wash-
iu^ton territory," when had in c(mformitv to said act, be, and the same
Lprel)y is, confirmed, and that said ai't be, aud tha same is hereby, vali-
dated and confirmed.

A^jproved, August 0, 1888."

I spent par*: of the following months of February and
March, 1878, in viewing out and locating county roads in the
Asotiu country, being appointed with two others by the board
of county commissioners to act in that capacity.

I i^.

■ I- >l,':»lf -t"

. i

■ q

11 %

\ H,S A :■ '- ^f

''hb^ ;

Ip ; :■'

iS ^R ■ ^

' ' r:1 ■■ ' :

' } ^^^■h

'.i ^^HH

' '^Kr

\ ^ 'fli

(R i

"if ii

1 W:0

220

Ranch Life in the West.

Then I hired two men to make rails at twenty dollars per
thousand, one to help farm and break prairie on the school
land claim at thirty dollars a month, and one to attend to the
cows, hogs, chickens, and assist about the house.

Was road supervisor of this district, then over 20x20 miles
in extent. That spring we got the thi'ough road to Dayton
and Lewiston opened all the way for the first.

In June I served on the grand jury of the first court
session ever held in Columbia county ; wherein I experienced
that it is an easy matter to indict au outsider, while worse
criminals (being in a charitable order) are secure against out-
raged justice.

Then, until harvest, I was engaged mostly in hatiling over
10,000 rails from the mountains and fencing the school land I
had leased and partly broke out. Some of the rails T bought
at forty dollars per thousand, delivered on the ground.

"Book" or Greeloy farming is good in its place, but would
not pay here ; and he who was educated in such a schf)ol and
was bigoted, or could not bend to adverse circumstances or ex-
ceptions to accepted general rules could do a thing in but oue
way, would break up verj'' quick or fail in making anything to
break. There are circumstances iu which it is the best econ-
omy for the settler to raise wheat, horses, hogs and calves
together in the same field (though frequently done when not
the best economy) and to raise potatoes by dropping the seed
as he plows the ground, run over it with a harrow, let them go
until fall, and then plow them up or turn the hogs in to harvest
them. Sometimes good cultivation of a crop pays best, and
then again no culture at all is the best economy. I can raise
more truck with a team and plow than alone with a hoe.
Horse flesh is cheaper than that of a man — if he be a man—
and is more pleasant to wear off. I can ride over more ground
than I can walk over. A farmer and his family should not be
harder worked or fed than his cattle, and then should have
leisure and plenty that is good, too. I have read expert testi-
mony in agricultural papers and books until — like reading law
books — I did not know anything for certain. I have experi-
mented and closely observed iu every branch and phase of
work I ever pursued. Have plowed bodies of land up to the

Ranch Life in the West.

221

heam, and adjoining it have skinned the ground and skipped a
foot at every fnrrow and tnvu for acres together. Have rolled
grain before it was up, and when it was six to eight inches
lii'di with .!, heavv four-horse roller (which I had read would
even kill Canadian thistles). Have rolled it iu the dust ; in
the mire; and have not rolled it at all. Have sown it on foot,
ou horseback, and oiit of a wagon ; iu the spring, summer, full
and winter time ; and have Just let it volunteer from the last
crop. Have harvested it with cradle and rake; with reaper;
lie.uler, and have turned stock in to do it. Have threshetl with
machine ; tramped it out Avith a bunch of horses, and have
pounded it out with a club. And in potatoes and other truck have
experimented as wideh', and in their different varieties, and in
each and every case have been both ridiculed and flattered by
others. Have broke horses under the saddle; to the Avagon,
plow, harrow, and have more frequently just went to work with
them without any breaking; and have fed them ou patent
medicine, wheat, — until I fouuflered four at a time, until they
learned better and could safely eat it from a pile on the ground,
aud have let them get their living on the range.

Have killed hogs, planted gardens, and layed worm fence
ill all stages of the moon — in sunshine, moonshine, aud in the
shade. Have piit salt and pepper in cows' tails to cure the
" hollow horn," and have cut off pigs tails to make them
weigh 411 pounds with but little feed. Have worked sixteen
hours a day, and have followed the seiusible eight hour ni/sfciii, of
ehjht hours for work, eight hours/or sleep, U7id eight hours /or re-
eri'iition ami study.

And I have learned that iiie one of any of these ways is
the best for the farmer, that i.i the easiest. Just so long as it
is fixed that he is to get but a hard living anyway, aud the
profits of his toil goes to enrich mystic gangs of "serjMiuts at the

H(l(le

\ If

■.m

CHAPTER XV.

Land jiampinf; — First serious case in the "France settlement." — Our
graveyard started. — The "i)()or man's fiiend. " — Street fight with a
jumper. — "Hurrah for Whetstone Hollow ! " — Public sentiment as to
such cases. — When the courts and jjress stand iu with the peoi>le, and
when against them. — Laud sharks. — How petty thieves are shot down
with imi)unity. — Home wreckers. — How my pros2Jerity made me au
object of envy and ravage. — A murderous consjjiracy by gentlemen
with great influence at coui-t to jump my pre-emiition and school-land
portions of my well earned, improved and stocked home. — The lying
l)retexts that were invented and used as a bUnd. — Jump all the water
on my ^jlace. — "If you want any water, dig for it !" — Wanted to g(>t
me into the gang's coui-t. — How I repossessed my own. — " WUl fix you
by heli)iug H — jump yoiir school land!" — How I had befriended
them. — "Damned be he who first cries hold: enough!" — Tries to
drive me off with a gun. — And we get better acqtiainted ; get friendly,
and he agrees to (juit. — ^How I was perft)rming my homage against a
lurking foe. — His object. — Is set to resume the conflict. — "An outrage
for one man to own all the land and the water, too! " — "Will settle it with
an oiuice of lead !" etc. — Boasts of his bacldng and influence. — "We
• ^\•ill make it hot as heU for you now." — "I have taken your school
land, E — , your i)re-eniption, and by G-d ! we will soon have a man
on your homestead ! " — A man loans me his i)istol for defense, and then
eggs on the jumper. — ^The lying gang. — "But trutli shall conqiier at
the last. " — Jumper's many wicked threats. — Try to have him bound
over to kee^J the peace. — My instructions from the i)eace oflicer. — "Be
prepared to defend yourself and sow the ground." — He loans me seed
for the jmrpose. — "There comes [Jum2)er] now with a gun!" — "Let
us go out and see what he is going to do with it !" — "I don't care a
damn what he does with it ! " — How he followed me around the field
•with a cocked carbine in both hands. — Quits r ad has a secret confer-
ence. — "I ask you as a friend and neighbor to quit sowing wheat and
leave the field, for there is going to be trouble ! " — "Look out for him
now !'■ — Belches out at the end of a .'stream of itrofanity, "turn back!
leave the field I and don't come back naiy time 1 " — "I will fix you !"
CiVK'A-, hiinij! '^lu'ill fi'ill i/oK .'" criich; Ixiikj.' — I retiirn the fire iu quick
succession, thus saving my liie.—Posifin', a-rttdn, iiicoii/rorcrlilila
proof &» to the same.— How he missed me by a scratch and killed the
horse. — "There, France is shot!" — The lying and per' xred gang.—
" Where logic is inverted and wrong is called right.'- \m charged
with murder ! — The wo\ild-be assassin, home ravager and riivislu'r is
shielded, venerated and revenged by his gang. — "If by this means wo
can further our cause, the private assassin deserves our a2)plau8e."—

(222)

Shanghaied to the Gang's !6astile.

223

Am tlirowu into jail -vvitbout a heariug. — Held iu jail nearly ten months
begging and demanding a trial. — Can never get either a trial or hear-
ing. — "Virtue distressed" conld get no iiroteetion here. — Am betrayed,
sold and given away. — "His glories lost, his otnse betk.wed ! " —
Shanghaied to the gang's bastile in double irons. — "Oh! 'twas (oo
much, Ido dreadful to endure ! " — "He jests at sears that never felt a
wound ! "—"Is this then" thought the youth, "is this the way to free
man's sjjirit from the deadening sway of worldly sloth ; to teaeh him
while he lives, to know no bliss but that which virtue gives?" —
Examples of other cases, and what the law is. — My case as established
and the law, etc., as to the same.

"But ideasurcs are like jioi^ijies siirer.d,

You seize the flower, its bloom is shed;

Or like the snow fall in the river,

A moment white — then melts forever;

Or like the boreaUs race.

That flit ere you can point their jilace;

Or like the rainbow's lovely form

Evanishing amid the storm. " — Bunis.

1 HE first serious land jumping in the "France Settlement"
was that of a man who jumped a claim belonging to Miss B — ,
1878. In moving on to it, the jumper left a wagon tire, leaning
against some other traps, on an elevation above the house ; the
tire got started, and bounding into the door crushed a hole into
the head of a two or three year old child, playing l)y its
mother's side. l»^t, it lingered until a doctor arrived and sewed
up the sca1[', i:io brain oozing out tneanwhile. Oh, Avhat a
piteous sigl't !

The lov' or yaided himself on being above all other doctors
"the pPiJi' mai.'s fn'-:^d," a. d therefore charged only $150 for
his trip of 30 n:'^i i and "surgical operation."

Thus was our graveyard started.

Then the jumper was driven from the place, though he
was technically right.

About this time there was also an attempt at claim jump-
ing near Dayton. A man had filed on a claim and then, having
sold it l> "VQ proving up, erroneously thought he could there-
fore leg.ii' ■' /il'i the same right on another claim. After he had
lived on Hi; ; improved this other claim, a man doing business
iu town filed a contest at the land office and was about to win

i ( Fii V,

It t|

i'^

11 '

•'if

224

Defending my Life and Home.

the place by law. So many of the neighbors turned out,
destroyed with fire the lumber he had put on the place for a
house, and, armed with shot guns and pistols, went hunting for
him in a body to the county seat, where they challenged the
jumper out of his house of business and shot him down in the
street, and, after he was down, amid shouts of " hurrah for
Whetstone Hollow ! "

There was not even an arrest made, nor any indictment
found, as the jumper was not a member of the gang.

One of the shooters rested his pistol on his arm and, as he
smoked his pipe, lU'zed aAvay at the lone man. This shooter
was then elected a : commissioner.

These sample ca prove that the sentiment and judge-
ment of the people were dead against land jumpers, even when
they were technically right. And that the courts stood in
against them, when they did not belong to the gang. Indeed,
the homebuilders were having such a hard time of it, that one
could not be convicted of any crime for killing a man who was
trying to rob him of his home or any part of it — even if the
jumper was technically right — unless the homebuilder was be-
trayed, sold, or given away by his lawyers, and the jury packed
against him. "Were it otherwise, the laws and courts would be
worked so, as to rob every homebuilder of his home ; for there
is always a technicality, a clerical " error," or something hidden
to be dug up, and sustained by the court, token the mystic sign is
given.

Cumlensedfrom the Press. — "The land sharks are j ubilant over [a ^^ctory ]
as it is the commencement of the harvest they exiject to gather. But tlie
settlers on the lands are organized, and any of their creatures whom they
will incite to locate, will be met with a long rope and a short shift. The
Sttitesmiiu will side with the farmers against both the railroad and the laud
jumpers."

' ' That the ring of land sharks exists in this city [WaUa WaUa] and
have no earthly way of maldng a linng, except by blackmailing settlers on
the public lands, by reason of their knowledge of the land laws and their
access to the records of the land office, is an undoubted fact. By black-
mailing the settlers and bulldozing the laud officers they keep eveiybod;'
in a state of terror. We know, for a fact, of contests being inaugurated
for no other i)urpose than forcing the original locator to buy the gang ofl". "

"Mr. Arthurs is a native of Tennessee, and is a true and consistent
democrat, and it would not be safe for any man to attempt to locate on his

iti til''

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

225

domain, even if it bo forfeited, for be is one of tbe many wbo bave sworn,
tbat no jumper will ever attempt a similar game a second time."

"Indeed, in all new and sparsely settled sections of tbis great rejiub-
lic tbe law is interpreted to suit tbe sentiment of tbe community. If a man
jumps a piece of land, beld ligbtfully by a neigbbor, be knows tbat be is
looking directly into tbe uuizzle of a loaded Wincbester, wbicb is liable to
go off any moment. It all depends on tbe nen-e of tbe injured party. If
tbe gun does go off, tbe coroner and bis ueigbbors gatber togetber, talk tbe
matter over, and render a vertlict of justifiable bomicide. Tbis is wby M — ,
wbo sbot and killed young L — last week, is a free and mucb respected
citizen to-day."

It is popular also, to shoot down harmless petty thieves,
even in town, when they dont belong to tho gang.

"C — , in wbose buck P — poured a dose of sbot, is still aUve in tbe
city jail. Some of tbe sbot lodged in tbe lungs, and tbe spine must cer-
tiiiuly be injured. Tbere is little, if any, sympatby expressed for tbe
w letcb, and bis deatb would not increase it. It is well k jwn tbat in
nearly every house in tbe city fire-arms are kept expressly for burglars,
and it is only because peoi^le do not wake up quick enougb, tbat more
house breakers are not sbot."

Aftei-wards. — "C — , tbe burglar, wbo was so prettily pepjjered by P-,
a few weeks since, was yesterday sentenced to nine years in tbe iieniten-
tiary."

A homebuilder knows at the outset enough to calculate on
opposition from home-wreckers ; he also knows that the chief
fundamental principle and object of good government is not to
rob and murder him, but to encourage, uphold, protect, defend
ami venerate the true homebuilder; and that this is vouch-
safed and vowed by all civilized governments on the earth.
And he who violates this solemn vow is a traitor and a thief.

Here is a sentiment, that is proudly proclaimed.

" The poorest man may in his own cottage home bid defiance
to all the force of the crown. It may be frail, its roof may shake,
tilt! wind may blow through it, the storms may enter, the rain
may enter, — but the King of England cannot enter ! All his forces
dare not cross the threshold ! I "

In the spring of 1878, Mr. E - and other charitable breth-
ren located a steam saw-mill a mile from my place, knowing
there would be no accessible water for their use during the
most of the year, except it be at my place. Digging for water
had proved a failure thereabouts, and the settlers were watering
15

( . ^^■

■': i[ :iP

•&

226

Defending my Life and Home.

their stock at and hauling water from my place for domestic
use. This demand with my various herds of stock and others
that were transient, was about equal to the supply of my
springs. Mr. E — was fully informed as to this matter before
he Located the mill, but turned a deaf ear ; evidently having
conspired at the outset to intrigue, tramp or shoot me down,
and jump my place.

The fact that I had earned this part of my home by hard
and persistent toil, had paid for it, and had an undisputed U.
S. Patent for the same, was spurned with charitable (?) con-
tempt, as having such influence at court as would shield them
in murdering justice, law, and the most sacred rights and
cherished feelings of man.

Mr. E — never even asked me to grant him or them any
privilege, whatsoever.

However, wl .en the water at the mill had failed, a neighbor
said to me that he could make some money in supplying the
mill with water, if I would permit him to haul it from my place;
that he would tap the stream some distance below the main
head springs and the fence that enclosed them, run it into a
box, placed over the stream, so as not to interfere with its other
uses, and be subject to my desires as to the same. I agreed to
this, he did as he agreed, and we never disagreed.

In May, also in 1878, 1 suffered a man to put up a cabin on
a corner of the school-land-tract that I had leased, as before
shown, under the pretext and promise of stopping but a short
time, when the water there would fail, and he would locate and
move his cabin on to some vacant land. He repeatedly declar-
ed that I had befriended him, when in need, as none other
would do, and that 'he surely would never make me any
trouble," etc.

Afterwards, however, he said that he was advised by a
("charitable") lawyer, that the law by which such lands were
leased, was invalid, so that he could ignore it, and was en-
couraged by other brethren to stick to this land.

But he could never show wherein this, if true, would give
him any legal or moral right to the same. For, although it was
surveyed land, he could not file on it at the land office, which

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

227

domestic
ud others
ly of my
ter before
kly having
me down,

le by hard
isputed U.
le (?) con-
lield them
•ights and

them any

a neighbor
)plying the
a my place;
sv the main
^in it into a
;h its other
[ agreed to

a cabin on
as before
lut a short

locate and
idly declar-
aone other
ce me any

rised by a
lands Avere
id was en-
would give
ougli it was
iffice, which

office acquiesced in the leasing of it. He could not even file %
contest there.

Mr. Jumper was a frequent visitor at the saw-mill.

He was an old hand at the jumping business, and had been
run out of two or more places for trying to kill men for their
claims, so it was said, and was regarded as a hard and desperate
citizen. He threatened my life and property continually and
in all manner of ways, both to me and to others, so that it Avas
notorious. Boasted of his influence and backing, and openly
swore that he "was like Macbeth, — Damned be he who first
cries hold, enough ! "

Once, while I was working on the land, he brought his gun
out to kill or drive me off. There were others present, so he
left his carbine midway and came up, with brag and bluster, to
me, to whip me. He also had a big dagger on him. But when
I shoved my hand in my pocket, with neither brag or bluster,
he suddenly stepped back, left, and afterwards swore that "but
for one thing he would have shot all of us dead."

I kept right on my even course, as I had been doing all
those years.

Had there been any law that would reach the gentleman,
he would have been taken care of years before. But he was a
man of linked, secret influence and backing.

I had seen in my school books pictures portraying the
pioneer of a century ago, performing his homage with a musket
slung to his back, to protect him against lurking savages, armed
with bows and tomahawks and crowned with feathers ; but here
I was —like many others, and after a hundred Fourth-of-July
orations and solemn vows — performing my homage in like
manner against a more dangerous, lurking and linked foe, arm-
ed with improved rifles and gin, and crowned with the flag of
my country.

When Mr. Jumper had thus got better acquainted with me
—that he could not drive me to his terms, and also found he
could make no crack or pretext wherein his lawyer gang and
court could enter a wedge of plunder, we got sociable when we
met, talked the matter over in a friendly way, at various times,
and he gave up the job — and started in to jump another claim.
Said he " did not want to farm any, as that did not pay the

ri!
IfJ!

i I

nii

ll'l

3,(

!i£aiiil

I ' ■■ "

Mb,

■1,.;

¥ 1

228

Defending my Life and Home.

farmer," but had claimed my place as a "business venture,"
etc., would not trouble me any more, and would leave the
place. Meanwhile, he was hauling water from my spring.
His object was to drive me to buy him off, or kill me, if he
found that to be practicable, or his backers give the sign.
And other brethren standing ready to take his place, and be
bought off in turn if that plan proved successful.

The man to whom I had given the priviloj^e to haul water
for the saw-mill, quit it after a month or two ; others continued
it for a time without any consent or objection from me, till the
grand worthy master of the saw-mill (whom I had seen parad-
ing the Bible through the streets with his gang) came over
with his force of men and hell, and stealthily put up a big
tank some distance above the other and away from the stream,
on ashy ground that would take in the leakage and overflow,
riMi pipes from it through my fence to the springs ; took all the
water into his tank, and posted a notice forbidding " all persons
from taking any water as it belonged to him." The thief had
Jumped the place ! sneering and jeering at suggestions of his own
force that he respect my rights.

And, presto ! my other jumper springs up and renews his
claim and threats to me, and to others ; declared it to be " an
outrage for one man to own all the land in the country and the
water too," tore down my fences, etc., swore he would now
settle me with an ounce of lead, etc., etc., boasted that " they
would make it as hot as hell for me now," that *' he had taken
my school land. E— had taken my pre-emption, and by G — d!
we will soon have a man on your homestead ! " And was more
hostile than ever before.

A man who had condemned and opposed the gentleman,
and volunteered to loan me his gun to defend my life against
him, had since been made to understand that he was a secret
sworn brother as was also the worthy grand master, so he now
urged him on and promised him assistance against me. Said
he " was hound to assist him."

" Only the actions of the just,

Smell sweet, and blossom in the dust."

I courteously protested to the worthy grand master against

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

219

(lopriviug me, as well aa others, of " even water for domestic
use ! " ami this, too, without ever asking me for any, to which
lie replied with grinning contempt, *' If } on want any water dig
for it ! " forbid me interfering with his grasp on it, or stand in
his way, or " he would whip me, would fix me by helping the
other jumper to get away with my school land," that " the
place was not mine, and he would prosecute me in the courts
of justice (?) for $40 or $50 a day for every day the mill was
idle," etc., etc.

After the water had been shut off from the people long
enough for them to feel it well, and the jumping of it had be-
come notorious, in spite of the lying, thieving gang to blind the
facts, and I had examined my patent and the numbers closely,
to see whether I really did own the place against such a bold,
braz(ni and boisteroias claim of the worthy grand master, then
I tore the water pipes up, re-possessed and held, my own
against the gang of lying thieves, till they were re-enforced by
the Government they prostitute to murder and ravage, against
which "all wisdom, all virtue, all courage, are vain."

" But trath sha! conquer at the last,
F ir roimd and rouml we run,
And ever the right comes uiJi^ermost,
And ever is justice done."

The worthy grand master graded an expensive road to a
spring in a deep ravine, moved his water tank from my place
to it when it went dry, as he had been informed it would be-
fore he located his mill.

He then made another road to the deeply embedded Pataha
creek ; this not being very practicable either, he got a secret
ring brother interested to go to buy the same water privilege I
had freely given my neighbor at the outset, and which he him-
self had, till he jumped the whole stream and violated evp"y
principle of truth, justice and decency towards his benefactor.
Indeed, I refused an offer of $150 for but four months use of
the same water privilege I accorded him without charge. There
was a good vacant stock range on the school section, and back
of it in the mountain, but it was quite destitute of accessible
water. It was to utilize this range that an owner of a large

1,, ,

it ' -

.J ;)'/

^ll

230

Defending my Life and Ho>ie.

herd offered lue $150 that I I'efused, to simply accommodate
the charitable mason.

August 22, 1878, 1 started from the house with a load of
wheat to sow my breaking on the school laud part of my now
envied home, accompanied by two mounted men to assist me
(of late years I had sown all my grain on horseback).

Others were afraid to go with me as they might get hit
when I was being " shot out of the field," as Jumper had sworn
he Avould do, if I undertook to sow the ground (but a peace
officer had declined to interfere, advising me to " be prepared
to defend myself against him, and thus work the land.") But
these two men were on friendly terms with Jumper, and ther'j-
fore not considered in danger, though there was something
said in jest about " drinking gunpowder " as we started. We
had proceeded but a few rods when we met the " secret ring
brother from the saw-mill;" stated his business, when I invited
him to go along up to the field and we would talk about the
water matter on the way.

We stopped at one end of the breaking opposite Jumper's
cabin when I handed my two men each a one-half sack of
wheat on their horses, and they struck out to sow and soon
separated. I was mounting with a sack myself — having just
made the ring brother mad by refusing his request for water—
when he exclaimed, " There comes [Jumper] n nv ivitJi a gun.''

Sure enough, he was coming as a desperado with his cocked
carbine in both hands to take the place, and was about to meet
one of my men. I said, " Come let its go out and see what he /s
going to do tvith it."

" I don't care a damn tvhat he does tvith it ! " was the reply.
I struck out and joined the man at his work, (and a man, who
teas living tvith Jumper and had foUoived him out of the house,
passed by us and joined the secret ring brother at my ivagon.)

Jiimper, with his cocked carbine in both hands and finger
on the trigger, closely followed us around, rolling out a tirade
of boisterous, bullying profanity and threats, fired with gin,
trying to drive us out of the field, I having nothing but my
cocked pistol in hand for defense ; whenever he would bring
the muzzle of his gun at me, I was always a little ahead with
my pistol at him, he wanted a close dead shot, and tried several

A i :

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

231

times to f^et it; ouce he aimed at my companion, when he
threw lip his arms ami brushed down his sides, saying, "Don't
point your gun at me, you see I am not armed ! " and exhorted
him to " quit now, that he kneio I wouUl die rather than be
driven out of my own," and after thus following us around, he
did quit, evidently hdvlutj given up the Job.

But he went and had a lengthy conference with the secrt^i
brother and other friend at my wagon. (I had less dread ol
dying in such a cause than desire to live by its sacrifice, and
when my time comes let it be in such a fight.) My companion
not being used to sow grain in this way, I continued to ride
close Avith him to teach him, when Jumper, from the ever after
fteeret conference toith the ring hrother, came tearing and boiling
with venom — hunting my life I telling my other hand on the
way to " leave the field as a friend, for there Is going to be troidtle."
(My companion says, " look out for him noiv ! " I thought I
could throw myself on the side of my horse for protection as
readily as I often picked my hat from the ground.) Coming on
with blood-shot eyes, and with the most horrid, wicked, flam-
ing look ever seen in the visage of man, overtakes, heads us
off, belches out at the end of a stream of profanity, ^Uurn back!
leave tlicjield ! and dont come back nary time ! I ivlllfix you ! and
then I will kill you ! " as he blazed away — twice, I returning
the fire in rapid succession.

My first and his second shot were fired together, thus
making a louder report than any other.

My horse flaring and me dodging kept me from shooting
at the first shot, and as my companion also dropped down on
his saddle, I, as well as Jumper, thought he Avas hit — though,
of course, shooting at me ; quickly re-loading with the lever,
and stepping up closer and more to the side, so as to aim be-
hind my companion at me, he quickly fired agaiii ^r.ing, "/
ivlll kill you ! " but at the same instant my companion, reaching
back, struck down the muzzle, so the charge crashed into
tlie rump of his horse — ranging downward and diagonally
toward me, I emptying my pistol into him in about five
seconds. My four bullets ranging downward, thus stopping
him from emptying his filled magazine into me, though he still
had strength enough for a terrific, sanguinary struggle— that

'11

lit

232

Drfendinq my Life and Home.

fnlloii'cd my shots — for control of the f^'un, IMy co. .luion
having gripped it as he struck it clown. Juniper thus jerked
him off his sinking horse, clubbed him against the head with
the gun breech, and dragged him forty feet over the ground, so
that it took another man to control it, just as he had got it re-
loaded and cocked again.

Then Jumper went to his house, hoasfnl that " lie hod shot
mi/ cDiii/Kiiiion (IS well as vie," and in 12 hours died, but neither
of us was shot.

The " secret ring brother " and companion run away (from
the wagon) at the onset of the fight, reporting that I was shot.

A neighbor at a distance on hearing the carbine shots
exclaimed, " there ! France is shot .' "

The foregoing is not only a true account of the fight, etc.,
and prelude to it, but the facts as stated were so transparent,
evident, consistent loilhaJ, and susceptible oi/Ktsiticc, certain jiroof,
that it should carry conviction to every mind, for there was no
hinge or loop to hang an honest doubt upon, and any one
swearing to the contrary, or diversely, Avould gain intelli-
gent, honest belief, would be a self-convicted, perjur* ', and,
if given justice, would be punished accordingly. No one but a
thief ever has or will dispute this — such as are liars and
thieves of the first magnitude.

Inventions of the enemy :

" Where logic is inverted and wrong is called right."
" Where honor is lost and valor fled.
And all her virtues numbered with the dead ! '

I neglected to swear out a complaint against the secret
ring brother & Co., (who will be known in my epitome, Chap-
ter XVIII, as the " Distant and ofiicious witness ") when,
presto I he swore out one against me, charging me with
murder 1 And his companion at the wagon was suppressed,
and then spirited away, for he Avanted to tell the truth. And
other secret brethren — including some who were on friendly
and sociable terms with me just before (though not all such) —
now whipped into line, snapped and snarled, consp'.^ed, in-
trigued, and wickedly lied and swore to stab me down, to wring
and suck my heart's blood in revenge for their Daniie, and to

■i I

r2.saj

■ li ,
I-

1 '^!

l^'l

1 'r^'

' -.'\^'

Wl\

'^M

■■

' ^^^1

■Hi

iij^H

234

Defending my Life and HoMEi

praise and venerate tlieir dead brother-assassin, liome ravager,
and ravisher !

' ' And if by tliis means we further our cauae
The i^rivate assassin deserves our applause."

The day before the fight, Mrs. E repelled the charita-
ble and to be venerated Dauite brother from her bed and
house with a pistol, while struggling to ravish her ! And the
very day of our fight her husband started out with a gun to
kill this to be sarctified saint, for his brutal attempt.

" With the cloak of the Bible their 2ii'ostitutiou to veil,
The Devil's a saint till he shows us his tail."

Certainly, none of them ever SAVore or said anything against
me but what could be shattered by its own rottenness alone, as
well as by their slimy characters. Certainly, there was no man
or woman, that was not a thief at heart, that did not rejoice
that the to be sanctified saint of these Mormons was dead.

His owji brother-in-law said, that "he ought to have been
killed years before for his crimes ! "

But what could I do ? What could anybody do ? When
thrown into prison without any hearing ; forced to employ and
trust black-leg shysters, who are secret sworn brethren to the
enemy, stand in to keep you in prison for witnesses to be
falsely held, tortured, tampered Avith and spirited away, and
a jury selected by secret brethren ; and you are stabbed and
bled at every pore, and j'our ruin fixed ! Practises every kiud
of deception, treason and cruelty known to the villainous,
slimy trade, destroys correct and indisputable diagrams of the
scenes of strife, and rejects the measurement of the ground at
the last minute !

Assured by them that 3'ou have " done nofhing,^^ and will
be freed with a trial, and j^ou fear no danger, for you know uo
guilt.

But can never get any trial, or freedom, or even a hearing,
" That keep the words of promise to our ear, and break it to
our hope. Told me such tliinp;s — oh ! with such devilish art."
That squelches alike the bad character of the secret brother,
and that of your own that was good from childhood. Also
sixty per cent of your witnesses and sixty per cent, of valuahle

! !•

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

23o

facts kuown to the remainder, aud endeavors to squelcli your
own evidence entlrehj as " unnecessary." And when a court and
executive are but servile tools of such a liideous, grimly, slimy,
midnight Mormon gang, who recognizes no such thing as right
or wrong, heart or conscience, justice or humanity !

" Is this tlieu," thought the yoiith, " is this the way
To tree man's spirit from the ileaileiiiug sway
Of worhlly sloth — to teach him while he lives,
To know uo liliss but that which virtue gives ? "

" Oh, that a uream so sweet so long enjoy '<!,

Should be so sadly, cruelly destroy'd !

His faith was liartered aud the crime was done." — Mnnre,

How Trials of the Brethren are Managed, etc.

B 's trial for shooting an tmarmed man (S ) doi^n in the

- was

street. " Evidence was introduced to show that S —
quarrelsome, and had been involved in several rows elsewhere."

[Such evidence was squelched in my case.]

Another sample case. — "One hundred and thirty-six ques-
tions of fact wero propounded to the jur}-, and which they
stviif^rled with until they answered them.

[i^o questions were asked the jury in my case, nor did any
of the jury ask any guestioiis.] " The argument of counsel occu-
pied about eighteen hours, one of the counsel occupied nearly
half that time in opening the argument.'' [In my case my
counsel (?) talked about fifteen minutes, but my case was never
opened, presented, plead, or argued at all.'\

"Virtue distressed " could get uo protection hei'e.

"And shall no cumo for perjury bo paidV
No veugeauc(> \ indicate the friend betrayed?"

Another sample case. — " The jury returned to ask ' If a man
had a deadly weapon in his hand, and another thought he was
about to use it against him, and siiot tlip former : ^ ould it be
manslaughter or murder ? ' The Judge replied that it would
bo i^either."

"Pat say, vain tritter, must thy years be told,

"W hat bliss is centred in another's gold'?

Let angry Heaven dart

Its forked lightning through your guilty heart."

■ ■'

^^4 ^

> 7

wm^

iiiiii

I' r

j
i ;

236

Defending my Life and Home.

In another case the Chief Justice of Washington Territory
charged the jury as follows :

" The law is, that if a person, or his family, or his friends,
are assailed or approached in such a way and under such cir-
cumstances as to induce in him a reasonable belief that he or
they are in imminent danger of unlawfully loosing life or suf-
fering great bodily harm, or being driven from his dwelling, or
that his dwelling is in imminent danger of being unlawfully
entered or destroyed, or seriously injured, he will be justified
or excused in defending himself, or his family, or his friends,
or his dwelling, as the case may be, although as a matter of
fact he be mistaken as to the actual extent of the danger, or
the danger be not real, but only apparent. Of course, it makes
no diflfereuce under this law whether the dwelling endangered
or in question is a Chinese tent or a > hite man's building.
You are insti'ucted that evidence of good character is compe-
tent in favor of a party accused, as tending to show that he
would not be likely to commit the crime alleged against him,
and in doubtful cases, evidence of previous good character is
entitled to great weight in favor of innocence. And if, from
the evidence, you find that any fact necessary to establish the
defendant's guilt of any grade of crime is in doubt, then, if tlie
prisoner has, by evidence, satisfied you that he was up to the
time the oft'ense is alleged to have been committed, a man of
good character, the presumption of law is that the (^'apposed
crime is so inconsistent with the former life and character of
the defendant that he could not have intended to do the crim-
inal act, and it would be your duty to give the defendant your
benefit of the presumption, and acquit him. All killing of man-
kind is unlawful except such as happens from mere accident
or mistake, or is done in obedience to public duty, or iu lawful
defense of person, habitation, or property."

' Of tlie wealth of nmnkiiul they all seize n share,
Ami riot alike iu the spoils of the fair."

Sec. 778 of the Territorial Code says, "That all person accuseil of
crime in any court of this territory, whether by indictment or otherwise,
shall be admitted tt) bail by the court, where the same is pending, or by a
judge m vacation, Avhen it shall appear to the court or judge, that the iu-
cused has oH'ered to go to trial in good faith, and without collusion with

|:;

ill

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

237

vituesses, and had been cleuied a trial by the cotirt and tbo l)ail

b(jud in such cases shall be reasonable and at the sound discretion of the

coixrt.

Yet 1 was held to languisli in jail nearly ten months, ahcnys
begging for a trial or hearing, and loas less j^repared every day it
uris delayed. And the Judge offered to grant it forthwith, and
yet I coidd never get any hearing or trial, for when the thing did
at last come off it was fixed and managed so that it was a
{ raitorous Job, and not a trial at all. Nor could I get rid of the
shysters, when I found them out, or attend to my case my-
self, as I tried so hard to do.

Any one, who denies any of this, is a liar, a thief and a cur !

" Man, false man, smiling, destructive man ! "

" Distinction neat and nice which lie between
The poisoned chalice and the stab unseen."

" Oh, 'twas too much — too dreadful to endure .'"

A sample of a Judge's charge in behalf of a mason, even when
the public sentiment was so bitter against him that a guard
had to be stationed at the jail to keep him fi'om being lynched
in daylight, till sent out of the County. The officials who se-
lected the jury being secret sworn brethren, of course, he was to
be .ivjquitted anyway. However, the Court said, as is usual for
the brethren :

"In order to convict hira of the crime alleged in the indictment or of
auy lesser crime included in it, every material fact necessaiy to constitute
such crime, must be proved beyond all reasonable doubt, as defined in
these instructions.

"And if you entertain auy such reasonable doubt upon any single fact
or oloment necessary to constitute the crime, tlu-u the prisoner is entitled
to the benefit of such doubt, and it is your sworn duty to find a verdict of
iK'cpiittal.

"The defendant is entitled to every presumption of innocence com-
imtiblc! with the evidence in the case, and if it is possible to account for
tlio killing of the dc -eased upon any other reasonable hyi)othesis than that
of the guilt of the der'endant, it is your duty to acquit him.

' ' There is evidence in this case tending to show, that the killing was
in self-defense by the defendant, and was an excusable or justifiable homi-
cide. I therefore instruct you upon the doctrine of self-defense and justi-
fiable homicide, as follows:

•b*iii

^T^m.

3.. ,^

■\ i

> 'i
* 'i

If 1 f

If i'

|il

238

Defending my Iaye, and Home.

"Where an assault, threatening instant and gi'eat bodily harm ia maihi
tipon one in a jjlaee where he has a right to be, he is not obliged to retreat,
Tint may stand his ground and use all force reasonably necessary to repel
tlio assault and relieve himself from the danger. S — , if so assailed, is excus-
able, if he acted according to the circiimstances as they appeared to him.
[The other man Avas not armed.] And, if he, acting honestly upon such
appearance, did no more than it was reasonable for him to believe necessary
for his defense, he ia excusable for all consequences of his acts.

"Or, if S — , from, the circumstances as they ai)i)eared to him at the
time of shooting, had good reason to believe, and did believe, that I) — was
about to assault him, and if, \inder sui-li appearance's, it was a reasonable
measure to adopt, to prevent a collision, to exhibit the pistol, and the pis-
tol was accordingly exhibited, not \^ ith intent to assault D — but as an
honest act of i>recautiou, to insure his own safety by intimidating D — , or
by having it ready in case of an assault upon himself, and thereupon D —
assaulted S— with sucdi violence as reasonably to induce S — to beheve
himself in danger of his hfe or great bodily harm, and 8 — , so believing,
shot D — , then S — ia excusable and should be accpiitted of every grade of
crime. S — , acting excusably upon circiimstances aa they appeared to him,
would not be less excusable if it afterwards turned out, or not api)ears to
you, that the api3earances were deceitful and that he was actually mistaken
as to the reality, extent or character of the danger.

"It is also vour province and vour dutv to take into consideration the
general character of the deceased, as a violent, quarrelsome and bad man,
at and immediately before the time of the homicide, so far aa the same is
shown by the evidence oflered in the case, if you believe the same is shown
1 ly the evidence to have been known to the defendant, at the time of the
killing.

"So also, any threats made by the deceased against the inisoner im-
niediately before the homicide, that were known to the i)risoner at the time
of the occurrence, should be considered by you when discussing and pass-
ing upon the right of the prisoner to act uiion ajjpearances. "

Auother Judge in another case " advised the jury that the
accused shoukl receive the benefit of his record and good
character previously."

Self-Defensr.

When and how a man can slay another and have the law on his side.
A well-known judge said to a reporter one day recently : "It woud be
interesting to show what constitutes the right of self-defense as laid dowu
in the law books. The right of self-defense is founded on the law of nauirc,
and is not superseded by the law.^ of society. It ia a right which every
one brings into society, and retains in society, except so far aa the laws of
society have curtailed it. Every man has a right to defend himself against

I) W

Shanchaied to the Gang's Bastile.

239

au attack tlireateniug liim with death or serious bodily harm, and his iuno-
lence will be presumed until his guilt is established beyond a reasonable
(luubt. The right is based on necessity, and aiises where one manifestly
intends and endeavors, by violence or surprise, to commit a known felony
on the i^erson, habitation or property o£ another. It is a defense against a
Ijresont unlawfiil attack ; as where an assault is made with a deadly weapon,
or where one is assaulted in his habitation, or where a forcible felony is at-
tempted. The law of self-defense does not reipiire one, whose hfe has been
threatened, to seek the i)rotection of the law; nor is he obliged first to call
(lu the authorities. The omission to seek i)rotection from the authorities
does not deprive him of the protection of the law, or of his rights of self-
defense.

" The right of self-defense is not hmited to the actual danger threaten-
od. The danger of death or great bodily harm must be either real, or be
honestly believed at the time, to be imminent and on sufficient gi-ounds.
A reasonable api)rehension of danger is sufficient; and a reasonable groiind
for belief that there is a design to destroy hfe, to rob, or commit a felony;
a reasonable and well-grounded belief, a behef aiising from ai)pearance3
that the danger is actual and imminent. Guilt must depend on the circum-
stam-os as they ap^jeared to him. Apparent danger is a mixed question of
liuv and fact. A man is justified in acting for his defense according to the
ciiTiimstances as they apjiear to him.

"The law of self-defense does not requu-e one whose life has been
threatened to leave his house or to secrete liimself to avoid his foe. "When
a person withoitt fault — in a place where he has a right to be — is ^•iolently
assailed, he may, without retreating, repel force by force, in the reasonable
exercise of his right of self-defense. He is not obUged to retreat or go to
tl d wall from an assailant armed with a deadly weapon, and if he is driven
to the Avail so that he must be killed or sustain great bodily harm, and,
therefore, kills his assailant it is excusable homicide. He is not obhged to
retreat, but may pursue until he is out of danger, and may kill to get out
of danger; but when the attack is not felonious the rule of law is difl'erent.

"A man is not required to do everything in his power to avoid the
necessity of slaying his assailant. Where there is no escape, after retreat-
ing as far as possible, killing will be justifiable, so where retreat is im-
possiMe or perilous, or would increase the danger, or where further retreat
is prevented by some impediment, or was as far as the fierceness of the
assault ijerniitted. But if the assaulttnl party is in fault, he is bound to
retroiit as far as he can safely do so; he is reijuired to decline the combat
iu good faith, and if he uses all the means in his power to escajjc, even
kiUiug iu self-defense is lawful. But if a man seeks to bring on a difficulty
and slays his adversary he can not avail himself of the plea of self-defense.
That a party has been struck gives him no right to retaliate by an assault.

"An act done from necessity raises no presumption of a criminal in-
tent; but the necessity must be actual, imminent, and apijarent, with no

«■

. .*

, jii

J 1

-■iP4i<^i^(fH^|HP

240

Defending my Life and Home.

ill!

other probable or j^ossible means of eacaije. It must be great, and must
arise from imminent peril to life or Umb. Men, when threatened with
danger, must determine the necessity of resorting to self-defense, and they
wiU not be held responsible for a mistake in the extent of the actual danger,
nor be subject to the peiil of making that guilty, if aijpearancea prove
false, which Avould be innocent if they proved true. There must be at least
an apparent necessity, an actual necessity, or a reasonable belief of such
necessity, to ward off some imi^endiug harm. Necessity is a defense when
the act charged was done to avoid irreparable evil, from which there was
no other adequate means of escape, and the remedy was not disproportion-
ate to the threathened evil; and the necessity must not have been created
by the faiilt of him who pleads it, nor be occasioned by him, nor be the
result of his own culimbihty, nor be rashly rushed into; and in cases of
assault or intrusion by strangers no more force than is necessaiy must be
used in repelling the assault.

"The right of seK-defense does not include the right of retribution.
A party assaulted is justified in using such force as is necessary to repel an
assailant, but no more, and if ur necessary force is used he becomes the
assailant. The degree of force must not exceed the bounds of defense and
prevention, and this depends on the circumstances of each case, and the
condition of both parties may be considered. A party in possession of
proj^erty may use force sufficient to protect it. Whether a man is justified
in em^jloyiug in the first instance such means of resistance as will produce
death, depends on the circumstances and the nature of the attack, and he
may not always use a deadly weapon, and it is still fui-ther wrong if it is a
concealed weapon. But if the taking of life is necessary it vill be excus-
able. It is always excusable when in defense of life, yet it requii'ea a great
dispaiity of size and strength and a very violent attack to excuse the taking
of life. A party may use whatever force is necessaiy to avert the apparent
danger, although it may afterward ajipear that the gun was not loaded,
and that there Avas no real danger." — Louisville Commercidl.

" He jests at scars, that never felt a wound."
" And now one cannot but complain here of fortune as
still envious of virtue, and hindering the performance of glori-
ous achievements ; this was the case of the man before us,
when he had just attained his purpose, for he then stumbled
at a certain large stone and fell innocently into the hriids and
power of felons, robbers, perjurers, and thieves." — History.

Sec. D5(J of (he Waskinytun Territory Code says: "No distinction shall
exist between an accessory before the fact and a principal, or between
imnciijals in the first and second degree and all persons concerned in tie
commission of an offense, whether they directly counsel the act constitut-
ing the offense, or counsel, aid and abet in its commission, though not
present, shall hereafter be indicted, tried and punished as principals,"

d must
3(1 with
ad tliey
danger,
33 prove
! at least
of such
Lse vlieu
lere was
jportiou-
1 created
)r be tlie
cases of
raust be

tributiou.
3 repel an
jomea the
;f ense and
3, and the
jsession of
la jiistified
U proibice
;k, and lie
g if it is a
be excuH-
:e8 a great
the takiug
_ apparent
ot loaded,

Shanghaied to the Gano s Bastile.

241

Yet none of those who " counseled, aided and abetted " my
conduct were found guilty of any crime, not even the justice of
the peace, under whose direct advice (the day before) I acted
to the letter. And he oflfered to and did loan me the very seed
for the very same stated purpose I ^cas solving at the fight, (as I
Mould not thresh till late in the fall) and he knew every phase
(if the case.

But after the fight confessed (like the brother that loaned
me his pistol) that he " would have to do just as the [black-ley
leader of the linked mob] said."

As hard as I tried, I could not get even this witness sub-
poenaed to testify at — what was called — my trial (?j.

And I " imist not tell of any of these vilhinies or die," miist I?
You damned, cowardly midnight assassins, traitors and thieves.

Nor were any of those who " counseled, aided and abetted "
their Danite Jumper molested at all.

S<K. 058 of the Code sat/s: "Every person who shall become an ac-
cessory after the fact to any felony may be indicted, convicted and iJunish-
ed, whether the ijrincipal felon ehaU or shall not have been convicted pre-
viously, or shall or shall 7iot be amendable to justice by any court having
jurisdiction to try the principal felon and either in the county where such
person shall become an accessor^', or in the county where such (ijrincipal)

felonev shall have been committed."

day.

Yet none (/ the sworn, slimy gang have been molested to this

"Oh ! 'tis not, Hinda, in the power

Of fancy's most terrific touch

To paint thy pangs in that dread hour —

Thy silent agony — 'twas such

As those who feel could paint too well,

But none e'er felt and hved to tell I " — Moore.

Sec, 1079 of Code sni/s: "In i:)rosecution for capital offenses, the de-
fendant may challenge ijeremptoiily twelve (12) jurors."

I was not permitted to know or to find out anything about
the jury so as to challenge anybody. Was forced to trust to
shysters who were masons and odd-fellows themselves.

The prosecution (if you know which side I mean by that)
used all of their challenges, and had a servile gin-soaked mason
to select others.
16

1 I:

i J

i i\

i\'\

'til'

ill'

! !

\* Ui

242

Defending my Ltfe and Home.

' ' Yes — if tliprc be some Lapiiier splii're
Where fadeless truth like ours is dear: —
If there he any land of rest
For those who love and ne'er forget."

"And must I leave thee withering here,

The sjiort of every ruffians tread,

The mark for every coward's spear? " — Moore.

Sec. 10S2 of Code says: — "Challenges for cause shall be allowed for
such cause as the court may, in its discretion, deem sufficient, having ref er-
euc(! to the causes of challenge prescribed in ci\il cases, as far as they may
be applicable and to the substantial rights of the defendant."

Yet there were no challenges for cause made in my case,
and both masons and odd-fellows sat on the jury.

" It is not easy for those who have not suffered wrong from
this cause to conceive the depth of indignation and bitterness
of dismay which an honest and truthful man feels, on finding
himself defeated in a righteous cause, sworn out of court, out
of money and even reputation, and placed in an utterly false,
invidious and unmerited position by placid, habitual, reputable,
unflinching perjurers. He had i elied upon the sanctity which
the tender conscience attaches to an oath, for all he requires
for his vindication is merely the admission of the simple truth.
But the consciences to which he appeals are seared by the
practice of hypocrisy and falsehood, and looking upon an affi-
davit, oi'al or written, merely as a convenient weapon of legal
warfare, to be used with regard not to truth, but to expediency,
he becomes the victim of his own trust in others' inviolable
veneration for an oath.

If the best cause is thus liable to be overthrown, and the
aims of justice frustrated by the overreaching of perjury, the
question is forced upon us : Is this vice to be allowed to tri-
umph over and to trample trusting uprightness under foot '? "

"The bud bit with an em-ious worm,

Ere he can sj^read his sweet leaves to the air."

" All things else that have any strength are mortal and
short-lived ; but truth is a thing that is immortal and eternal.
It affords us not, indeed, such a beauty as will whither away
by time, nor such riches as may be taken away by fortune, but

Shanghaied to the Gang's Bastile.

243

righteous rules and laws. It distinguishes thera from injustice
and puts what is unrighteous to rebuke."

" Good men then will greet it with a smile."

Sec. llOo of Cdt/n .s'/)/s.- As to causes for new trials or arrest of judg-
meut. "Ai)plioatiou must bo made before judgment and may bo granted
for the following causes — For newly discovered evidence material for the
defendant, which he could n(jt have discovered with reasonable diligence

and produced at trial. Accident or surprise Misdirection of

jury by court in a niatciial matter of huv, excepted to at tlio time. When
the verdict is contrary to law and evidence. Excei)ti()ns may be taken by
the di'fendant, as in civil cases, on any matter of law by which his sub-
stantial rights are prejudiced."

Samples have been given of the material and vital evidence
which I could not produce at that time on account of traitor-
ous duress and heiw^ forced to trust to the shysters. And the
verdict was so plainly contrary to law, and the evidence, even
as it was, that after the verdict of murder in the second degree
was rendered (and a ten year's sentence) I demanded of the
foreman of the packed jury to knoAV on " what point, or on
vflvdt ground, or on what evidence they found their verdict ? "
And he could not give any ; said he, " if I Jiad not shot so often
they could not have made anything out of if.''

And this when it was established that the danger was
apparent, believed, and real, even after I laid done shooting. (See
Epitome to the Governor, Chapter XVIII )

And, certainly, my " substantial rights tvere prejudiced " by
such a job and verdict.

" How many warm friends turn cold and clammy when a man
is ill tnnible ? "

As to " A'vident or Surpri-e." Was not the whole outrage an
" accident " to me ?

"What can a victim do in his own behalf when held clown in
jaii, and the officials belong to the secret government and gang,
first, last, and all the time. And even spy and rifle his correspon-
dence ! — lawless as such conduct is — and stand in with the shys-
ters and gang, to deceive, hai'rass and bleed him at every pore !

Two witnesses had been thrown and held in jail on a false
charge, and, without a hearing, tormented and frightened till they

t;-i'V

'^mi

« '

iH!tH|

•1 •^'

244

Defending my Life and Home.

would swear that Juini)ei''s carbine was pointed at my near (un-
armed) companion, and not at me when lie fired.

It required three or four mouth.s of this treasonable treat-
ment and management, intrigue and cruelty to bring one of them to
terms and six months longer to fix the other. And they were held and
tormented and frightened, and my trial {?) delayed arcordinc/ly, while I
was pleading and begging for a trial !

" Wisdom and truth may seek to convince, or eloquence to
charm, but only one influence can be built upon as certain — the
magnetic attraction of superior villainy."

"I saw those frieiwls in fruitless sorrow mourn,
From mirth, society, subsistouee toru."

One of my (?) shysters told me at the onset of my " trial "
that one of these witnesses " still stated to him the very same
account of the fight that he had to him and to so many others all
the time from the fight, and that H still agreed ivith my oicn as
to every point." And that he " knew nothing to the contrary as
to the other," adding that " You will soon go home now." And
neither I nor my friends knew of the success of this trick till it
teas sprung on the stand.

How is that lor a " Surprise," and another reason for a
new trial ? And when it could easily be proven that one had
even made an affidavit to the truth, as I liave given it before,
aud the other had told the truth so often to others — including
his wife — that she did 'not know that he had ever said anything to
thecontrary till years afterwards, and to this day (1889) he ridicules
the idea that Jumpier was trying to kill anyone but me, and a week
ago said that " neither he nor anyone else, as far as he k% iv, ever
believed to the contrary."

But even had the jury believed it, the idea of its being
murder for defending a friend's life against such an animal and
under such circumstances !

The English and Indian languages are too barren of
epithets, and hell is too mild to do such gentlemen justice I

On my " gentlemen of the bar " refusing to move for a new
trial, I was doing so myself when — as usual — I was beat dcnvu
by their plea to the court in opposition—^* that they had couu-
ciled with the other members of the bar and found that it ivould
not be to their client's interest to have a new trial."

ShANOHAIED to the CtANo's Ba8TILE.

245

" Each star of hope tliat cheorM liim on —
llis jiflories lost — his caus-' h trai/eil."

"Aud though llis life has itasH'tl away,

Liko lightuiug on a Ktorniy (Liy.

Yet shall his death-hour leave a track

Of glory, i)enuanent ami bright,

To which the bravo of after-times.

The snft'ering brave, shall long look back

With proud regret — and by its light

Watch through the hours of slavery's night

For vengeance on the oppressor's crimes! " — ^f<>lll•l'.

" He has retired, it is true, but liis ambitiou, thoia^^h seem-
inj^'ly smothered, still burus within, and his principles are uu-

iiltereJ."

' Is, I'M

* >*?

' f 3

l!i

•5|

CHAPTER XVI.

A pilf/rimrtr/fl ihroiti/h In-ll .' — Bovon yoarw' expoiiouce in the Seatco contract
liiistilo. — TliG kind of a licU niid Hwincllo tliis wuh. — Ho\/ I was talu'ii
there. — A three or four days journey by wagon, boat and rail — How 1
wan judged by people on tlie road. — Sympathy. — "Either innocent of
erime, or a very bad man. " — The set questions asked by those who
had suffered likeA\-ise. — Description of the liastile. — How I was im-
pressed. — The kind of people I found the piisoners to be. — And tiic
ofhi'ials. — How they were employed. — What they had done and what
they had not done. — Their complaints, etc. — Jumping awny. — The
crooked and rocky road to liberty. — "Who got there and how. — The
in(iuisition of tho mind. — How prisoners are driven to the frenzy of des-
l)air and death. — "What they earned and were worth to the gang. — Whatit
cost the people. — What they got to eat and wear. — How they were
treated when well and when sick. — The i)unishments. — How I w^ en-
gaged while in the midst of flaming desolation. — Crazy prisoners. —
The good and bad qualities and conduct of the officials. — The redeem-
ing feature of the institution. — The different nationalities and occupa-
tions rei)i"esented and theu" experiences. — One of the Polaris' crew; six
months on an ice-floe, — The good, bad and mixed.— The innoceut,
guilty, and the \ictims of circumstances, whiskey and accidents. — Ju-
equahty of sentences and treatment. — Robbing the cradle and the grave
for seventy cents a day. — How the prisoners lived auc' died. — The ceii-
Horsliip on correspondence, nud the real object of the same. — Asiic
prison. — Shanghaied prisoners try to make theii* cases known to tli
2mblic. — How the Governor stood in with the gang. — Letters smug^Jcd
by ministers, members of the Legislature, humane giiards, etc. —
Squelching letters of \-ital importance. — "Damn you, you can't ^^roce
it! " — Like abuses in the Insane asylum. — The remedy. — A ph'd tlmt
any prisunei' sluill <d leamt he (wcovded a puhllchenring nud let /Z^c I'eoi'le
jndcje. — The worst criminals not in prison but in office. — Their ^•ictilus
crushed. — A ■pe^, prisoner turned in with a bottle of whiskey and a
l)istol in his pockets. — Tha visiting preachers. — What they thought of
the prisoners and of tlie officials. — One that was a thorough-bred and
would fight the devil iu any guise. — Wliat he did for refonn, and how
he was bounced. — CauAvrite to him yourself . — Cruel deception. — False
and cheating hopes. — "There is France ! If he had n. >t 1 <'ii so anxious
about getting home, he would have been < "t Zo/ ago.' .Mu.st keei)
still and not bore anybody. " — Hoir th'
died ! — How other prisonei-s were shaii
conduct." — Strikes, etc. — How officials
ers justice. — How "heaven is sometimes
measures that we mete." — How prisoners are rob d. — Women jirisou-
ers, and how they were treated. — Visits of the Legislature, etc. — A

(216)

ineeh lanf/uisiied and

■Badconi' t."— My

interested again. . a i)nsou-

just avul pays us back iu

How TO IluN A Kkfoum Puison.

217

jjiisoncr iimkes u great HiH'L'fli aud his tooth are pulloil out for tho
troublo it iiiiikcH tho ofliciiils. Wliat tlio Ijo^,nslatnro Haiti, mi<l what
thrv dill. — Tho iianUmiiig powor uiid how it wan exoroisod. — 'i'iio lie,
that "to hoar jJiisonorH talk thoy aro all iuuoceut. " — Roadiug mutter,
etc.— How to oout i>\ prisouors. — How they got rovongo. — How juisou-
ors should l>o troatod. — Whoro thoy sliould bo kopt. — How u prisou
niiould be couduotod to be Holf-Hupiiortiug and to rol'orm those who
iiood roforniiiig. — H(av to onforoo tlio waerod n;^lit of ju'titiou, and tho
fs(thor Hoooud thought of tlie i)ooi)lo.

1 ERRITORIAL prisoners had benu kopt in the dift'orent
oouuty jiiiln (where they shouki have remained), but at the then
last session of the legislature there was a proposition in the
interest of the people, that the general Government sell to the
torritory for $30,000, on time, its prison situated on McNiela
Island, Puget Sound. The prison cost the United States
.*r)0,(iOO and was worth with the ground over $100,000.

But a gang of Free Masons wanted to get the j)risouers by
contract, and got a committee of their brethren appointed to
examine the property and report it to be " unsafe for keeping
prisoners." This was a brazen falsehood — it being as safe as
porhajjs any other prison in the United States, it being built
of iron, stone and brick, and on the general plan of all United
States prisons, and being on a small island. Moreover, no
prisoner had ever broken out of the prison.

Here the prison could be maih^ self-supporting, and without
any abuse of the prisoners, but as the legislature contained
masons enough to control its proceedings it discarded the
generous oifer of the Gi^vernment, and gave to the aforesaid
biotliren a contract for the keeping of all territorial prisoners
for six (6) years, giving them seventy cents per day for each
prisoner, and all their labor, besides paying for their transporta-
tion to the prison. Others would keep the prisoners for much
less pay, but they were ignored.

The contractors built a prison of wood, 40x150 feet, two
stories high, at a cost of about $4,000, in the woods on the N.
P. railroad near a coal mine, in which they expected lo utilize
tlioir labor. They also run a cooper shop making fish barrels,
and had a tract of land to clear, grub and cultivate, also a brick-
yai'd, and wei'e to cut wood for the railroad and build short
branches for the same. A large sash and door factory was also

It!

11!

^" '■

■1 ■

248

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

built and r.in with the prison labor — and all for the benefit of
the gang.

In two or three weeks after my sentence, one of these con-
tractors (full of gi).) came for me and another prisoner. I was
taken out in the yard, double-ironed by a blacksmith, and we
started by wagon for Walla Walla, where we would go by rail
to the Columbia river, thence by boat to Portland and Kalama,
thence by the N. P. railroad to the Seatco Bastile.

I had often desired to travel over this route, but not as a
desperado and in double irons. But this is the way I was
driven from the country where I had worked so hard and pros-
pered so well.

I, however, expected that my stay at the prison would be
brief, and I could then travel as I pleased.

We were three or four days on the road, and the pas-
sengers and others I met were very friendly, refusing to be-
lieve I was such a bad man though I told them that twelve
men had been found who had sworn it without asking a single
question. One group decided after discussing the matter, that
" he is either entirely innocent of crime, or else a very danger-
ous man," but they were generally unable to understand how I
could be convicted, having such a strong case of self-defense,
and considered it a great outrage that "the Governor was
sworn to correct." There were some, however, who had had
like experiences with the courts, and simply asked me a few
questions. " Was the man you killed or those backing him
masons or odd-fellows ? " " Were they who selected the jury ? "
" Wa'i the Judge ? " " Were your lawyers? " And when I had
answered " Yes ! " to each question, thi/ understood the matter,
and gave me their like experiences. And there were some who
knew one of my attorneys in Oregon, which was enough for
them ; said " he had conspired to murder a man for his money "
—anyway he had got away with the murdered man's money.
And we wondered whether the people would ever learn, with-
out flaming experienco, to discard their seci-et sworn enemies
for office or trust. Arriving at the prison we were turned iutd
a hall, 22x90 feet, up stairs ; the dining-room, kitchen, tailor
and shoe shop, and the guards' quarters being on the same
floor ; the cells being below and generally used only to sleep in.

ill

nefit of

ise con-
I was

and we
by rail

ialania,

ot as a
Y I was
ad pros-

ould be

the pas-
ig to be-
t twelve

a single
iter, that

danger-
d how I

defense,
or was

lad had
e a few

ing him

■ wy

m I had

matter,
)me who
kugh for
jmoney "

money.
I'n, witli-
lenemies

led into
In, tailor
lie same

sleep in.

i\ ffig! iff tail.

( '1

(249)

'ii m

250

A PiLGKlMAGE IN HeLL.

" ^-ili

I i

iU::

I thouglit it liai'cl usage to be ironed like a felon, having
prided myself on my good and peaceable character, and know-
ing that a jury's verdict did not change a fact ; but I thought
this would end at the prison. I was, however, soon undeceived,
for when the prisoners came in from work the sight and clatter
of chains was deafening and damnable, nearly all being in
heavy double irons, riveted to their legs, wearing them day and
night, sick or well — all the time. Here were liuls and ri)t<is
that were true emblems of practical masonry, and solid, livid
proof of its cruel inhumanity to other men.

" The Imntetl citiztu his death demands,
Is thus cast into the Lorturer's hands. "

" Be not abashed, resign thy fear,
Though -weak and small tho-i art,
'T'vas honest labor brought tl^ee here,
And freedom bids thee part."

" Thus spoiled and degraded, they were delivered over without pro-
tection, the;/ ami their/iimilies, to the insults 0/ hired bundi'li."

" Consider the absolutely defenseless condition of the ac-
cused, the whole power of the body politic is n)arshalled
against the individual, it is the commonwealth against the
citi;2en. A grand jury has declared his probable guilt without
giving him a hearing ; an organized and secret tribunal [of
masons] has furnisiied the trusted officers of the law [also
masons] tlie names of the accusers, and the judicial power of
the State has been brouglit into action to compel their pres-
ence before the bar of Justice (V). If necessary the most
talented and unscrupulous advocates in the land are summoned
to aid the already seemingly invincible combination of power.
In what painful contrast is tlie position of the prisoner, fre-
quently suffering physically from confinement, and mentally
from the terrible nature of the struggle for life and liberty iu
Avliich he is engaged ; often with insufficient or treachcrom
thieving counsel, and without the ojiportunity of searching out his
own ivitnesNcs, or having others perform this necessary labor fur
him. The jury asks the question, "If this man is not guilty
why is he here ? Why are all these officials paid by the ytuio

How TO Run a Refoum Prison.

251

to convict him ? " and, token a secret sign is given, answers, " Of
course lie is guilty, or lie would not be here." Thus the prisons
contiiin so large a proportion of innocent men - a proportion
increatilng year % year.

The juror who is false to his duty is worse than any crim-
inal he may condemn. He is false to his citizeushij», false to
his duty, false to his oath, false to his God. In violation of his
oath he places upon his fellow-citizen, his fellow-man a brand
of :'uf*my which shall never be removed, he deprives him of
that greatest of civil I'ights, liberty ! degrades him temporarily
to servitude, and places him witliin the walls of a house of
torture, whence he shall come forth to be followed by scorn,
relentless and remorseless."

" Go, cracify that slave. For what oflfense ?
Who the accuser ? Where the evidence ?
For when the life of man is in debate.
No time can be too long, no ere too great,
— Hear all, weigh ail Avith caution."

An offense against the gang is committed, an outsider is
arrested, the whole official system is put in motion to concoct
evidence of his guilt, the wretched man is flung into prison and
is kept there until his health is broken down, his hopes of
justice extinguished, and his means of defense extorted and
wasted away, an accommodating judge and jurors, who are
tools of the gang, are selected by officials Avho are brother
members of the same to try the case, and the whole secret gang
— their press and all — are let loose with a significant sign of
pillage and revenge, arrogance and spleen.

" And thou — cvirst man or friend, what'ere thou art,
Who found'st this burning i)lague-si)ot in my heart. "

"li

''I

5 ^

1 -i-'''*!).! It
L k - ill

n i 4

it!

" Disguise thyself as thou wilt, still slavery ! still thou art
a bitter draught ; and though thousands in all ages have been
made to drink of thee, thou art no less bitter on that account.
I began to figure to myself the miseries of confinement. I was
going to begin with the millions of my fellow-creatures born to
uo inheritance but slavery, then I took a single captive, and
having first shut him up in his dungeon, beheld his l)()dy half

;,*:' Vi

mm'

F "'il;

'■'] ^ 1 ''

IHiiii

252

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

i' i

I '

■Jf

■1

;(;

wasted away with long expectations and confinement, and felt
what kind of sickness of heart it was which arises from
hope deferred. Upon looking nearer I saw him pale and fever-
ish ; in thirty years the western breeze had not once fanned
his blood, nor had the voice of friend or kinsman breathed
through his lattice of iron. His childi*en — bnt here my heart
l)egan to bleed — and I was forced to go on with another part
of the portrait. He lifted up a hopeless eye towards the door,
than cast it down, shook his head, and went on with his Avork
of affliction ; he gave a deep sigh — I saw the iron enter into his
soul — I burst into tears."

I found the prisoners at the Seatco prison to be about an
average lot of men — not any more feloneous on the average
than the same number found at a horse race, a dog fight, or
picked up promiscuously most anywhere. One of the guards,
being an old military and naval officer, frequently said that
" the boys here would average well with those of the army or
navy during the war," and a prisoner said, he " had left his coat
hanging in the hall several months with several dollars in the
pocket, and no one had stolen it yet." However, petty thieves
or kleptomaniacs — as they are considered when they have in-
fluence at court — afterwards came and were always with us.

Many of the prisoners were guilty of the crimes charged
against them, and freely confessed it ; but knowing of so many
worse criminals Avho were acquitted with just as strong proof
against them, and others who were not even molested, that tliey
did not think they had got equal justice, and many of these in-
tended, when released, to join one or more of the secret " charit-
able " brotherhoods so that they too could commit crimes witli
impunity. " For, Avhile they (the brethren) never omitted any
sort of violence, nor any unjust sort of punishment against
outsiders, as they were not to be moved by pity, and are never
satisfied with any degree of gain, they were secret partners
with the worst robbers. For a great many then fell into that
practice without fear, as having tlieir secret influence for their
security, and depending on them that they would save them
harmless in their particular robberies and other crimes, and
would inflict punishment on their enemies on the smallest
occasions, and esteem every man that endeavored to lead a

s if;:

111 ,

How TO EuN A Reform Prison.

253

virtuous life their enemy, and the knowledge of the possession
of property or anything desirable to them, is the signal for
attack."

Many prisoners also complained of the inequality of sen-
tences, considering the cases and characters of the men, many
having the worst of these, and old offenders, too, getting the
lightest sentences, while others having the best of cases and
characters, and it being their first and only offense, and more
accidental than intentional, would get five, ten and fourteen
years.

" Who blame, where'er they go from pole to ijole,
And for oue single blemish damn the whole."

Other prisoners were innocent of any crime — they being
simply plundered and thus put out of the way to keep them
from " making trouble " or being in the way of their midnight
robbers, they were also very profitable to the contractors —
these are not convicts, they being kidnapped, not convicted, they are
the victims of cruel, dastardly persecutions.

"But oh ! what sorrows rend the tender heart,

With home ' sweet home ' that dearest, darling child to part"

" But hear our i)rayer — the ruffian sword employ ;
Drive us — but spare your efforts to decoy ;
Spare to your ^iotinl8 those heart-rending throes,
Which the jioor, cheated self -destroyer knows !
The maddening thought that by your arts enticed,
Our folly drained the bowl which you had spiced.
And closed their suffering by an easy death."

I found that the prisoners were not ironed on account of
bad conduct, but to save expense in guarding to the contract-
ors and to gratify their personal love of cruelties by thus ag-
gravating the prisoners' lot. And this aggravation caused many
a man in *l'e rage of despair to jump away — more than it ever
held from it, and they jumped Avith nothing but bitterness in
their souls.

"Still our bosoms ne'er at rest,
Thirst for the blood that warms the traitor's breast
Yet vengeance still sur%-ives, than life more dear,
Taunts every groan and prompts the exulting sneer."

I ,< 1 1|

!>;,. .' » hz il

J.i o

[J !■

'! 3 I

254

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

I was told how peaceable men Avere kept ironed for weeks
and months when even confined to their beds with sickness,
and how a dose was forced down one who forthwith died, etc.,
as mere examples of the kind of care and charity accorded the
helpless sick in their gloom of black misfortune and helpless
despair. And they knew whereof they spoke, and could
abundantly justify in details of facts.

" There is an inquisition of the heart more cruel in its
machinery than any ever invented for the body."

I said that " I did not calculate to stay there but a short
time, as I was innocent of any crime, having only defended my
life and home ; and that I could show and prove this so plainly
that none could honestly doubt it ; that / loas not convicted but
shanghaied ; that I was sold and betrayed and not defended ; that
besides this showing I had some friends left who would get up
a strong petition to the Gf)vernor for my restoration."

But it was prophesied that I " would find it a narrow,
crooked, miry, stumpy and rocky road to liberty, as others
with good cases and many friends had failed to get there ; that
the Governor was evidently secretly interested with the con-
tractors and others, in holding on to men, because they could
not get pardoned as Avas usual from other prisons, or even get
the abatement of time for good conduct that was common else-
where, and aliuays in the power and province of the Governor to
hestoiv.

Some also believed that the Judges were likewise interested
against the prisoners' justice, as they, too, were willing that in-
nocent men should suffer at seventy cents a day besides their
labor.

That these suspicions were reasonable, I also give this
from the Press :

" Alhany, N. y., Juue 22, 1886. — Judge Nott auuoiinced to-day iu
the Albany CJonuty Court that he had heen approached by Suijerintendent
- — — , of the Albany penitentiary, -with an offer of !■>"(), for each long term
a piisouer waa sent there. This attempt at bribery created a profound
sensation. "

It is evident that this Judge and Sui)eriutendent did not
belong to the same secret sworn brotherhood, or he would not
have dared to expose the business. And at Seatco the prisoners

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

255

were worth $300 or S^OO each per ^-ear to the gang, and the
press of the territory', being mostly in the control of the same
brethren, was muzzled as to such outrages, except to deny
their existence.

The following day after my arrival I was taken out to the
blacksmith-shop where the irons I had on were exit off, and a
pair of heavier ones substituted, they being connected with a
chain long enough to step ; reports wei-e then sent out that
" this was done because I was such a bad, desperate man."

" To impress terror on their feelings by every atrocious cruelty that
could deter them from expressing their disaijprobation of these excesses."

And a censorship Avas placed on the victims' correspond-
ence so as to bury the truth and make this a secret prison.

I was then set to work in the cooper-shop — they Avanted
to make a cooper of me so I would be a profit to the gang of
!?2 or $3 a day. It is evident that they knew in advance, in a
secret tvay, that the GoA'ernor would hold on to me, though
knowing I ivas shmujhaied and never convicted. HoAvever, I did
not oAA'e the devils anything, and therefore I was no mechanic ;
finding I Avas no account as a cooper, I was given the job of
saAving off the ends of the staA'es for the others to cooper ; this
was a good job for the place, and I retained it as long as I
worked in the shop — about a year.

The coopers Avere given tasks, being about three-quarters
of what would be a Journeymen's days work at $3 a day. But
it should always be remembered that the inquisition of the
mind that many prisoners suffer on account of their persecu-
tions, is enough for them to endure AA'ithout being compelled to
labor at all, tvhcrein they can have no possible interest ; " Doomed
to deal out, forbidden to enjoy." And then, they suffer for not
having the vacations and recreations, and suitable fare that
others enjoj' ; therefore prisoners should not be required to do
more than lialf a regular days work, unless it be intended to
hrmk them down and drive them to the frenzy of despair and
set them against work the rest of their lives, as AA'as done in many
cases at Seatco, and these too, who had been industrious workers
all their lives.

Influential members of secret charitable brotherhoods,

256

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

I i !if''!f'

h \

when iu prison for a time, never work much, and their health is
better than other prisoners' who work hard. There are other
modes of exercise besides that of unpaid, thankless toil, and this
toil is rarely any benefit to the State. It is stolen by the gany
who never work themselves, and if Ihey drank less whiskey
would be in pretty good health.

A cooper here kept an account of what he earned for this
secret gang. It amounted to about $3,500, and although he
had never been punished — except as all others in a general
way — and never openly charged with any misconduct, yet he
could not get even the abatement of time provided by law.
How does this " benefit society ? "

As an example of how they would take the advantage of
one's ignorance and industry I give this : Prisoners were issued
some tobacco each week, but not enough for those much ad-
dicted to its use, so one of the coopers told the superintendent
that he would make an extra barrel each day for a week if he
would give him twenty-five cents worth of tobacco. "I will do it,
by G-o-a- d," was the reply, and at the end of the week he paid
it, and then told the victim, to "just keep on making four
barrels a day, as that would be his task thereafter, without any
extra tobacco."

But for the reasons heretofore given this was more than
he could do and do well, and consequently stood siege after
siege of bread and water punishment, he being driven to retali-
ate with bad work, etc., etc., and they had to take him out of
the shop and put him at common work ; and when his time had
rightfully expired, he was kept on several months longer (at
seventy cents a day and his labor) " because of his bad con-
duct."

This bread and water punishment was to put a man into a
darkened cell without a bed, and starve and in winter freeze
him for from one to twenty days at a time. There should neuer
and need never be any worse punishment for even real devils
and the worst cases in prison. This ought not to l>e forgotten.
This was supposed to be the only punishment at Seatco ; but
prisoners were tortured there in various other ways also.

How TO RiTN A Reform Prison.

257

Kilth is
other
id tills
le gamj
'hiskey

or this
uf^h he
general
yet he
by law.

itage of
e issued
uch ad-
itendeut
3k if he
ill do it,
he paid
ag four
tout any

•re than
ge after
|o retali-
out of
time had
nger (at
]a.d con-

into a
fcr freeze
ild never
[l devils
Kirgotten.
Ico ; but
lo.

" Whore o'er bor sbambles,

Torture jjauts for liroatb,

And wbere to look, to tbiuk, is death."

So grasping were the contractors that they would work
men on the verge of the grave. One being ill and unable to
work Avas thrust in the bread and water cell, as was frequently
done ; when let out he was insane ; he lay in his cell a few days
Avith his clothes on and uncarod for, when I helped him up to the
hall and got him into the " hospital " (?) tailor and shoe-shop —
which was all one. He did not know anyone, and was picking
his clothes and begging for water ; he had typhoid-pneumonia.
While in the bread and water cell, for days he drank dirty
water to slake his burning thirst. He finally, by a mere scratch,
recovered, but was unable to walk without crutches for a long
time. He said that I had saved his life. This was when an
ex-Governor Avas the Doctor.

" We know the savage for what he is, the same every-
Avhere, the same ruthless, cruel, blood-thirsty, treacherous and
tyrannical animal, ruling only by the strong hand, and with no
innate conception of goodness or virtue."

Others were forced out to work when ill, and soon after-
wards died.

A man was sick for over a year, so that he frequently
had to be assisted to walk ; yet he was kept in heavy double
irons all the time. After the prisoners were finally taken
away from the contractors, he got full abatement of time for
"Lis uniform good conduct" in spite of the abuse tending to
drive a victim to desperaition.

As an example of how trifling and aggravating these masons
Avere, I give this : Every one was expected to furnish his own
comb ; but as one prisoner came in they kept his comb. It
was a broken piece, but was all he had, and he wanted it ; so
they trifled, lied and humbugged him about it till he re-
fused to "go out to work until he got it ; " consequently they
kept him on bread and water (a very little bread) sixty-three
out of sixty-eight days till he was almost dead and could hardly
walk, then they gave him the comb, and he resumed work. He
was a pious man and had been a preacher.

Another was treated the same way over a little tobacco ;

2r)8

A PlLaRIMAGE IN HeLL.

he finally got his tobacco aud resumed work-
Sheriff.

-he had been a

'*Si)irita of fire, that brood not long,
But flash resentment back for wrong,
And liearta where, slow but deep, the seeds,
Of vengeance ripen into deeds."

'♦ Know their rights and knowing dare maintain."

Even when prisoners are wrong in such little things, it
should alwaj/s be considentd that they may he in a dress of mind
that makes them morally irresponsible for lohat they may do, and
are not really themselves Only tyrants and devils will aggravate
and then torture men when in such a frenzied condition.

A prisoner was keeping a diary of what transpired at
Seatco, but the warden took it from him with a severe warning
to uncover nothing of their evil doings if he valued his liberty.
They were midniyht men and they tcanted to make this a secret
prison.

I was taken from the cooper-shop and set to clearing land
and farming ; the devils not content with ravaging the home I
had made before, they wanted me to build and work another
for them to enjoy. But I was worn down and had also learned
as much as an Indian by this time, and considered home-build-
ing a humbug, so I did not build very well or speedily. There-
fore they cut the irons off, and turned me loose to work in and
have charge of the dining-room, etc., and of the other prisoners
while at their meals. I now ate in the kitchen, and lived as
well as the guards or anybody on the ranch.

I could have run away from the prison almost any day, as
I was given no limits, and could go fishing between meals and
my work. But conscious of my innocence I felt that I must
surely get out without running, and I was doing all I could to
this end, as will hereafter appear ; and that the road was in-
deed " narrow, crooked, miry, stumpy, rocky," and ambushed
with mystic devils armed with poisoned arrows that they shot
in the dark.

After being in the dining-room, etc., for about two years, I,
with others, was employed by a sub-contractor at seventy-five
cents a day to build a store and dwelling house by the rail-

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

2oa

road. One day, when this was about completed, while I was
buruiug a pile of logs in the brush some distance from the
buiUliug, one of the prisoners, having about a lifetime sentence,
skipped out, and holding that I knew of his going, and had
seen him pass by without giving an alarm, I must be punished
accordingly, ns was usual in such cases ; though I had told
them at the outset that " / would not (juard a fdloic-prisoncr
from his liberty," So, for revenge, I was put in double irons
again, given a nine foot saw to run alone, and was to bo con-
sidered and run like a saw-mill rushed with orders — to make
wood for the railroad.

Oh ! my countrymen, what a saw-mill ! !
The guard-and-chief-worthy-grand-master was drunk and
mad ; in fact, he was always drunk and mad ; he drank a quart
of bad whiskey every day, but he could not run that saw-mill
to a profit. So he drank more whiskey and died. And the
escaped prisoner was never caught.

" He neither stayed to soothe or force,

But wisely stole away."

I was then transferred to the tailor-shop, where I slept;
hut I was a poor tailor — then to the kitchen, but I was a very
poor cook. So not being fit for anything else, I was made
room warden — that is I had charge of the big hall, and to a
great extent over the conduct of all the prisoners while t hey
were in it — about one-third of the daytime— which position I
retained during the last several years at Seatco, and I do not
think that any prisoner thus employed ever got along better
with both prisoners and such officials, as will hereafter ap-
pear.

However, with all of his meanness and thievery in other
respects, the warden was good to work under — that is to those
engaged on the inside. I do not know of his ever finding any
fault with any of my work, or much with that of others,
aud he was my boss the most of the time I was in prison ; he
would frequently tell me to tell the guards " to go to hell" etc.,
if ihey assumed any authority over me.

This hall was the only redeeming feature of the Seatco
institution ; it gave all an opportunity to exchange reading
matter, and to acquaint themselves with the knowledge and

-( ' ) '

1, ill

is ;f.

;y.

i' i

2G0

A PlLORIMACIK IN HeIJ.

exporijMicos of the others, juitl luiiuy cf them hnd hjid hits of it
bewidoH their oxperieuces with hiwyers luul courts that give tlie
Avorst ehiinu ters the lightest sentences, bankrupts and convi(!ts
the innoct>nt, and diarges $900 to settle a dispute over a !?'.)
calf, and gives an outsider against a miduight-iuan no justice
at any price.

Such free assnciation of j>jv'.s'0)icr.9 {anl ncwspapn's) .should he
(jrnntcd, let it he understood, to enable them lo htp up ictfh the
times, so as to hold :;c)nio ground against the world whose
spotted hands are to be ever raised against them.

Some of them wei'e around-the-world sailors ; one was
Avith the ill-1'ated Polaris and six months on an ice-floe ; some
hud been through the war on either side and that Avith Mexico,
and Avore the scars ; one Avas Avounded as Avas Gartield, and re-
covered Avithout any fuss or physicians ; one Avas a brother of
and ou the stafl' of a famed general ; another Avas Avith Walktu'
in his expeditious to Mexico and Central America ; nearly every
nationality and country Avas represented, and a Mohammedan
Avho Avished hims(4f back in India, and there Avere Indians of
many tribes.

Many of the inmates Avere ravaged home-builders ; then
there Avere professional sports and crimiuals, Avho, Avhen guilty,
stood th^nr imprisonment best ; home-builders stood theirs the
Avorst — they " Avanted to go home ! " Men Avho strike out in n
Avilderness to carve out homes Avith their oavu hard labor are
not criminals, nor are they coAvards or cringing slaves.

One of these had put the proceeds of two farms in the
States, and six years hard labor into a home, and considered
himself Avortli $50,000, Avheu the masons robbed him of it, and
shanghaied him here to keep him from "making trouble"
about it, and his Avife and children had to work out for a living.
He was advised that he Avould be pardoned (?) if he Avould not
return to recover his oAvn. His sentence was ten years. He
was held several years till the plunder was secured, and the
thieves could say, " Damn you, you can't jyrove that we did it,"
and his friends had delivered up their property too, then
he was granted a new trial, and declared to be " innocent
of any crline" And masons say, " We have a good Judi-
ciary." Other victims could never get any trial as then

How TO lluN A Refcjiim Puison.

2ni

c(,i(l(l " jinnr tliat t/ici/ did il," and tlii.H " inako trouble."
So these liiul to sulVri pi-fjlougecl iniseries uot to l>o 'loHcvibecl
iu their gloom of black uiisfortuue. Quite a number of mere
boys Avere also inmateH at Hevfaity cents a (lay and their labor,
and they wtnit out mueli worse than when they came. One
had honestly made and saved and loaui'd !?'200 or !?;)()(), wiiich
ho would lose if not reh^'.sed a short time before his time ex-
pired, and he begged the Governor to allow him to preserve it,
but the Governor being his enemy, hrld hiia to (lie lust da//, and
though the people (without any di.ylight opposition) had
strongly petiti(nied for his release also. But what do black-leg
officials care for the mere will of the people, or the well-being
of outsiders.

" They sneer at i)loacling nrtne's tearful eye — the ' cold sucer which speaks

the caukerod heart, *
Aiul themselves are giiilty of ' Crimea which load the groaning earth with

shauie.'"

And tliero were men fifty to sixty, and even seventy years
old who had never been even arrested before, and were inno-
cent yet. But practical masonry in its greed and " charity " (?)
robs the cradle and the grave.

And there were insr.ue men who were beaten and kicked ;
one such, however, Avas not ; trc he Avoukl have killed his tor-
menter too quick and sui e.

There ranged from about fifty-five to one hundred prisoners
at a time, but several would come and go nearly every month — as
many as one could be intimatejy acquainted Avith and tlieir
.'arious cases. I frequently assisted them in th^ir correspond-
ence as to their cases, etc., and know whereof I Avrite as to the
same.

About two-thirds Avere native born. About twenty per
cent, were innocent. Over fifty per cent, of those who were
guilty were caused directly or indirectly by whiskey. And
many Avho Avere innocent had only dared to defend them-
selves against whiskey.

A majority of the prisoners would vote for prohibition of
Avhiskey.

About twenty per cent, of those who were guilty were
natural born criminals and generally calculated to join, after

,^ I

1?^

t '

i:,llf:

2G2

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

tlieir release, some secret charitable gan<^, " so that they too
■would have overpowering influence at court, and could commit
crime Avith impunity."

Impiisonraent will never reform even those who need re-
forming, upJil the courts and prison officials and Governors are
reformed — they being ^t'orse criminals than the worst they
send and hold in prif5ou. // is amazing (lad facts so simple and
vital should not ()e ohvious to all.

" The AVISO may preach, but Asisor nature hIioavs

That half our horooH but from miduight scuniudrols rose."

For the last s 3veral years the big hall in the prison, when
all Avere in, reseiii1)led a Avestern saloon except the bar ; card
playing, Avitli Faro and other gambling games, checkers, chess,
etc. ; reading and talking, chewing and smoking, and sometiiues
singing and dancing, with an occasional fight. HoAvever, but
one man Avas ever thu.s laid up for repairs — this being done to
the " hardpist case in the prison " bj' " the most peaceable ami
meek of all " — Avith a knife.

They did their own butchering at Seatco, and so grasping
Avere these charitable brethren tliat they did this on Sunday,
and they frequently used stock that had been killed by the
railroad or Avas suffering from disease.

This prison av.is difl'erent from any other in the Avorld,
there Avas no discipline, or humanity, or care for reform; but
rather a school for crime ; the officials being teachers by })vo-
ceptand example — the GoA'ernor being Avorthy-grand-high-chief
of villainy. Work and money wan all they Avauted. They Avore
a grasping, vulgar, smutty-mouthed, profane, cavd-playiug,
lying, drunken, brutal outfit of masons.

Every means Avas nst'd to prevent prisoners from getting
out legitimately— the GoA'ernor being a Avilling tool.

These official gentlemen Asould alienate prisoners from
their friends in Avays that were dark and cruel, and th(> ])etty
tricks, juggles, frauds and cold-l)l<)oded lying one had to sutVi'r,
Avas a burning torment to tlie brain. By preventing them fi^m
Avriting, by holdin"; back and squelching their letters, by lying
about their conduct and their cases. For example : A prisoner's
folks had Avritten to him in regard to his appealing his case to

How TO EuN A Eeform Prison.

263

the supreme court, and registered tlie letter ; this was held back
for over a year till it was too late to do him any good. Another,
on hearing that the Governor was going to a place near where
his folks were, wrote to his wife accordingly, so she could meet
and plead his case to him ; this was held back till the Governor
had returned.

And many letters were never heard from at all.

They took all the writing material they could find from
the prisoners (they robbed them of it) and made it a rule that
none should write more than one letter a nioi-th.

This I say was evidently done to alic^ifj. them from their
friends and a helping hand.; as though friends at such times
didn't drop oft' fast enough anyway, and also to prevent victims
of the gangs from making their cases known and thus " make
trouble " by exposing their villainy, and as though they
could not squelch and steal letters fast ent)ugh as it was.

Will you just think of the condition of m(ni who were un-
expectedly convicted? Their business and family matters un-
settled ; and having been betrayed and sold by their attorneys,
their cases not worked up so as to enable them to properly
present them to the deaf and stony-hearted, grasi ing and high-
priced executive, or higlier court ; and giings of robl)ers left
free-handed and encouraged to ravage tlieir unprotected homes,
property, and families — from Avhom they have been kidnapped
and torn by j^rostitiiting the courts, and tvith whom they are
now to be cut off from all certain comrtiunicatvm.

And then, for the G(< »rnor to give as a reason for holding
them in siich secret bastiK , that "thoy might make trouble''
with these same f-ourt-prostituti' g-home-ravagers and thieves
— his brethren !

And, moreover, although there was a daily mail, it was
ouly delivered once a week, if at all, and they frecjuently lield
back from mailing for a w^^ek or a month that which was lumded
out to mail — if they sent it at all.

For example : A prisoner wrote and handed out a hitter
March 19; not hearing from it in a month he wrote to the same
person again April 21, he jmying f»>r the registering of each.
It transpired that they were mailed together Airril 2!ith, thus
holding back the first one a'^^jut six w< (dcs and the other eight days.

n* \

^\\

\ *' h

m p'p

E"''^-f

■•.J

:Mi.

264

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

Auotlier letter was written and haucled out July 27, mailed
August 18 — held back twenty-two days.

Another was written November 23, to a Judge, and held
back till December 5.

Just think of the torment— the in(iuisition of the mind of
men thus treated while languishing in prison, and o/fcn in a
(h/ing condition !

A man was held for a cancer to gnaw his lip, face and life
away. His neighbors petitioned in vain for his restoration at
the outset of the cancer, when it could have been cut out. He
finally put up a large sum of money to get out, ami after tor-
turing delays was released to die such a death. He was au
old pioneer and a good citizen.

A man complained to a visiting member of the legislature
that he had sent thirteen letters without hearing from any, and
asked him to smuggle one out and mail it for him, which
he willingly did, and it brought a reply.

Frequently guards, ministers and <-»ther visitors, and other.s
intimate Avith prisoners would do this. TIds was real charity to
the oppressed, and better than armloads of tracts and sermons.

Sometimes letters were thrown onto passing trains, or
dropped on the road— trusting to tramps and Providence.

A sick prisoner whose illness the officials and prison doctor
would not recognize, wrote to an eminent physician to come
and give him a thorough examination and prescril)e for him ;
this they would not sent. Yet, when they themselves were
sick — as they were with horrible diseases — thei/ discard* d, ti^
prison doctors for others, as more competent to treat them.
Letters were smuggled to wives, brothers, sisters, etc.; and to
judges, ministers, members of the legislatures, editors, etc.

But it ■'t^as difficult to make even one's own friends at a dis-
tance undftrstand the horrible condition of affiurs, and that tlie
Governor was so loyal to the gang. One said, that ho couM
not make " his own mother comprehend this." And editors,
etc., being generally of the same brotherhood, were therefore
loath to expose its crimes and cruelties ; though occasionally
some of the press had something to say in condemnation of the
Seatco secret hell, clippings of which I have preserved, as wIH

nil

mailed
Qcl liekl

mincl of

ii'ii in a

and life
ation at
ut. Ho
tter tor-
was an

Tislatiire
any, aud
1, which

d others
'harlty !■>
cms.

•ains, or

Ct'.

11 doctor
to coiuo
or him ;
OS were

r'!'<l t>
it them.
i; and to

etc.

at a dis-
that the

110 could

oditors,
(lovoforo
isioiuilly

111 of the
I, an will

How TO KuN A Reform Prison.

2G5

hereafter appear, though such papers were generally squelched
from the prisoners.

Of course, a Governor, icitli hut the pardoning poiver alone,
can correct any prison fibtise, and has opportunities to shoio the same
to the peopile.

A prisoner undertook to register his letters ; they were of
vital importance and he wanted them to go. This was opposed
ou one false pretext after another, until they found chat he
could get them out in some other way unknown to them. But
then they Avould frequently delay mailing them, refuse to giv(i
up receipts, or squelch the letters entirely, or the answers to
tliem. Anyway, many answers were written and mailed but
not received. He also undertook to send a statement or
epitome of his case to a friend to publish ; this the warden
frequently declared he "did mail and register," and he charged
for it accordingly; but he "forgot (?) the receipt." No return
receipt came ; he would not permit the matter to be traced up,
aud the M. S. S. was not received. So he evidently stole it.
It hud cost the [prisoner $5 to get a cojjy of it to the Executive
offi'e. I will give this epitome to the reader in due course.

Complaints wei'e made to the Governor of such abuses,
luit they might just as well have been made to the devil. He
(litl not vrint tlie trne cases of innocent prisoners to be n.dde knotcn
to the pablics as this might alleviate their sufferings, compel their
release, and bring condemnation on the g<ang.

It appeared that the Insane asylum was also run by a gang
of midnight gentry, and that letters of the inmutos were treated
iu the same m.aner as here. But oik; of the sane persons they
were holding, managed to live to get her liberty in some way,
iind by writing a pamphlet and otherwise agitating the masonic
abuses, got, after mueh opposition and by fighting it throngli
personally, the following law passed by the legislatiire.

The Insane Asvli'm Act.

The following is the text of the liuv "to jirotect iumates of iusaue
asylums."

Siio. 1. B<' it eniH'/t'ti, etc., That hom-eforth tliore shall lu> no ociisor-
h1u|i 'xercised over the correspouilence of the inmates of insane asvlnms,
pxccjit as to the letters to them direeted, but their other post oflfiee rifxhts
i^hull lie as free and unrestrained as are those of any other resident, or

^^ :
"

f ■ A

266

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

j •::;

citizen of our Territory, and be under the protection of tlio same postal
laws. And every inmate shall be allowed to write one letter per week, to
any person he or she may choose. And it is hereby made the duty of the
superintendent to furnish each and every inmate of each and every inaaue
asylum, both public and private in the Territory of Washington, with suit-
able material for writing, enclosing, sealing, 8tami:)ing and maiUng letters,
sufT'oicut for the writing of one foiir-page letter a week, jirovided they re-
(piost the same, unless thoy are otherwise furnished with it; and all these
letters shall be dropped by the writers themselves, accompanied by an at-
tendant when necessary, into a post office box, pro^'ided by the Territory
at the institution, in some plai'e easily accessible to all the patients; and
the contents of these boxes shall be collected at least as often as once in
each week, by an authorized post office agent. And it is hereby made the
duty of the suiierintendent of every insane asylum in the Tenitory of AVfiSh-
ington both public and private, to deliver or cause to be dehvered to said
l)erson, any letter or writing to him or her directed, i)rovided the iihysioiau
in charge does not consider the contents of such letter dangerous to the
mental condition of the patient.

Sec. 2. That in the event of the sudden or mysterious death of any
inmate of any insane a.sylum, either jjublic or i)rivate, in the Territory of
Washington, such fact shall be reported by the superintendent thereof to
the coroner of the county in which siich death occurs, or to the nearest
justice of the peace therein, and a coroner's imiuest shall be held as pro-
vided bv law in other cases. And in all asvlum investigations, the testnnouv
of any person offered as a witness, whether sane or insane, shall be coni-
l)etent, and the court and jury shall be the sole judges of the credibility of
such testimony.

Bixj. 3. That any person refusing or neglecting to comiily with, or
willfully and knowingly violating any of the provisions of this act, .sliull
ui)on conviction tlu.'reof, be i)uuished by imprisonm<>ut in the peniteutiarv
for a term not exceeding three year's, or by fine not exceeding five huuilri'd
dollars, or both at the discretion of the court, and shall be ineligible to urn-
office in the institution afterward.

If the coroner, or justice of the peace, court, or jury were
sworn secret-brethren to those who had poisoned or otherwise
murdered or abused inmates, then of what avail woukl be sec.
2 of the law, or sec. 1, either ?

The sane inmate they had hold, endeavored to have the
mail addressed to the inmates, protected in the same way, but
the riir,' influence was too strong. IVIwn thus auichdcd iliis shtinJd
he flic law as io all iwisons, and "charitable' (?) brethren .should he
disqualified for office.

All reasons and excuses against such a law are flimsy and

How TO Run a Reform Puison.

207

false and against equal justice. No hlack-lcg q(ficial should be
allowed to touch a letter addressed to or by a prisoner.

Remember that eveu guilty prisoners are not worse than
other men, whose persons are held sacred against the laws they
violate with impunity !

And whether they are or nut, none but a tyrant and thief
would deny them a public heaving, and let the people judge.
And if such a law was universal and enforced, thousands of iiiuo-
cent and sane j^t'isonci's would at least be ht^ard from, uho have
never yet had a hearing and are languishing in secret prisons in
the agony of despair !

When everybody knows that the courts and other functions
of government, with a servile press, are used as machines to
shield the worst and most dangerous criminals, and to plunder
and ravage for the gang, that they are sinks of prostitution,
rotten with crime and soaked with the hearts' blood of tlio in-
nocent, n-ill the peojile not therefore see to it, that these innoceid vic-
tims shcdl at least have a hearing ?

Freedom of speech and correspondence are completely an-
nihilated, and their lives are ini^erpetucd danger, wliile their pre-
carious existence depends upon the fraud or v'-^lence of every-
thing that approaches thom. And their mental faculties, that
should aid their individual and corporal weakness, ure unculti-
vated and neglectedybr ivant of communication icilh their fiUow-
ereatures.

Do not he too much deafened by the chatter, power and in-
fluence of the gang, to hear tlie still voice of personal anguisli.
At least think (f those u'ho are languisliiitg and. dijing vi/hoxt a
hearing, while ym; are reading this !

Though secret-ring men are seldom prosecuted for their
crimes, except in a farcical way, for a blind, and to turn the
people's money into their pov'kets,yet, when one's crime has be-
come too notorious, and the people are watching, in spit(' of
them and their press to hide it or give it another name, they
may apparently permit him to be punished as other men. — As
example : There was one such, who got one year at Seatco
while another man, for the same kind of offense, but who was
less guilty, ha<l four and a half jears. The gentleman was turn-
ed into th-v hall, with the rest of us, to amuse himself for a

i:|l|lf||: ';v
i'S. : ■

. i 1; i

fi''iy^ H

2G8

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

couple of days, with a bottle of whiskey and his pistol in his
pockets ; tlieu he was turned out to go aboiit the country and
live and attend to his business as he pleased. There was no
censorship exercised over Ji!s correspondence. He was an
auctioneer and surveyor, and got such employment about the
country while a prisoner.

The people living near the prison became favorably im-
pressed with many of the prisoners, who were frequently en-
gaged to w(irk for them on their release without any prejiidice,
and sometimes married into their families. One, thus, to his
eternal shame, became related to one of the prison contractors.
He did his courting while a prisoner.

Another example of a secret ring man who had followed an
unarmed man up while on his way home with some friends,
and shot him dead. The people wanted to lynch him, but he
being one of the gang, he was released on bail, and about a
year after^xards was sentenced to two and a half years ; but
belonging to the same brotherhood as the Governor, he soon
pardoned him out, wliije spiirning justice and the expressed
will of the people, to release others who had never been guilty
at all. And he know it.

For years no minister preached to the prisoners. I re-
member one calling in to visit tliem ; the warden let him in the
hall and tlu'u stood iu the door watching him as though afraid
he would steal something, which so annoyed the preacher (as
was intended) that he soon left, saying, that " the warden evi-
dently wvivsidered him an intruder, and wanted him to leave."
Another preacher said that he " would come and j>reach to the
boys if he could get his horse fed and his dinner, but that they
would not tluis accommodate him," so he did not come.

Finally, tlu^ legislature provided for two preachers, each to
visit the prison once a month, and under this provision we had
five or six difl!ereut ones. They were reminded that the offi-
cials and Governor needed reforming mc^re than their prisoners
which, after becoming aviiuaiuted with both, they found out
themselvp?* and so de<.'l*»,rt;d.

Some of them tiV)k a practical interest in the prisoners,
and ou leai-ntug hv-»w their letters "were stolen, would take out
letters fcx them, aoid would also write letters in their behalf.

How TO Run a Reform Piiison.

269

Oue went to see the Governoi* as to what was requii'ed to

secure the release of oue of the innocent prisoners (Mr. D )

■whose case he (the preacher) had iuvesti<4ated and fonnd to be
so. His Excellency put him off Avith " Oh, yes ; I have seen

Mr. D , and he told me all about his case. I am considor-

inj? it, good-day." He had never exchanged a .siiKjIe iroyd with
tlie prisoner about his case. The fact was, these ring Governors
did not icant to knoio of a prisoner's innocence, and would sneor
at and close their ears and eyes to the viosf, j^o.sitlue proof there-
of ; and the plaintive wails of their helpless suffering victims
was as music to their little cankered souls. The Judiciary
boiug a part of the gang, was good to them and " must be iip-
held."

Mr. Parker was the bravest, and most earnest and practi-
Cid of any minister that we had, and we were all always so glad
to see him come and visit us ; he would ccmdemn the black-
legs as frankly as did any prisoner, and he tried to get the
Avarden removed, and get some one with some good morals in
liis place ; said that he " had written several letters to the
Governor making serious charges against the officials, but that
he (the Governor) would not even answer his letters." Then
he applied to the legislature to reform the abuses, to which his
Excellency (?) replied by bouncing Mr. Parker. I believe that
the Governor was virtually sworn to shield the other officials,
as they belonged to the same oath-bound society.

No evangelist need, however, to expect the confidence, or
even respect, of prisoners who will not o/>enlj/ coiidemn o(jid(i]
cruidnah, and advocate just ice tit their vielims.

Mr. Parker had been so prejudiced or rather misinformed
as to these prisoners that he was vtn-y timid on his first visit to
tliem, as though afraid of his life, and was accompanied in the
hall with a guard ; he stopped near the door, delivered his
sermon, and got out as quick as one would from a den of lions.
But by the next time he came he had informed himself and
came in alone, and then, as ever afterwards, went the length of
tlie hall shaking hands in familiar intercourse and getting
acquainted with a.s many as he could, and did his })reachiug at
the further end of the hall. He woiikl thus proU)ng his visits
declaring that " the association of the prisoners as a whole,

■MpPi

- i'"4 '!

lU'

270

A Pilgrimage in Heli..

"\vji8 mucli moi'e congenial to him tliau that of the officials who
■would rather play cards and talk smut than to hear him or the
others pieach morality and justice," and they did so at the
same time in an adjoining room. The other ministers were
also very good and sociable and all that ; but they were afraid
fo oppose and f[iht the devil tvJiere he had any poiver, and were
therefore of little practical use.

There was a board of prison directors, including the Gov-
ernor, but as they were brother masons to the contractors,
they played a very silly and cruel farce. Such hoards of htrth-
ren are a useless expense to the people ; they are icorse than useless,
for they can screen and whitewash abuses and blind the people.

I remember a picnic party visiting the prison on a 4th of
July; their sociability, the songs they and the prisoners sang, and
the kindly feeling they manifested to them on seeing and learn-
ing some of the cruelties practiced here by secret villainy —
some weeping ; the superintendent growled out that he
" wished they would stay away and not be slinging tlieir snot
arouiwl here." He was pretty drunk, but drunk or sober, this
expressed his style and feeling.

A sick prisoiier pleading to him to be excused from work,
using the names of the doctor and Governor, would get in re-
ply, " By G-o-a-d, / am the doctor ! [ am the Governor, and /
am tlie laic, too, by G o-a-d ! " And so he avus. A whole
community woiild earnestly petition the Governor to justly
restore a prisoner to them, but in vain, against the crook of this
animal's little finger.

He Avould promise prisoners to assist them in getting re-
leased, and then evidently oppose it. He promised one that
" if he would keep quiet and work faithfully for two years he
would then take hold and assist him to get released," and poor
Ben believed it. No man was more " quiet " or worked more
faithfully than he ; so when the two long, weai-y years were
thus worked and suffered out, he suggested to the gentleman
that he make the promised efibrt, and got this in return,
" Oh ! if I was in your place, Ben, I wouldn't bother the Gov-
ernor about it — there is France ! if he had not been so
anxious about it he would have been out l-o-n-g ago." France
had then been in about two and a half years, and poor, honest

1 work,

in re-

ukI /

wliole

justly

: of this

that
ars he
1 pool-
more
8 were
ilemaii
return,
e Gov-

^f<ti.' !^^i^'-~:~ =^~T^—^}'""'. „.-- V.-^l 1— ^-^

Sick Prisoner.
"You goto work! for /am the Doctor, the Governor, and the law too!"

(271)

li ,J

i^;

\'\]^

1,4 1
1 1^1'

iv-

»ll

' '"■ ' ' iii' "

II l^''

* ■ i

i^Hi -•'

^^Hn

tl-<

"^Hi

'^^Hl

272

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

Ben is not released yet. He was a peaceable, liaril-workiiijj;,
honest man all of liis life, is a cripple, and in repellinj^ a had
assault shot his assaihiiit and ho died. He was told that " if
he would swear that his assailant was reaching beliind him (as
others do) he would prohahly come clear, otherwise theymif];lit
hang lain;" he re})li(Hl that "they might hang him but ho
would not lie," and lie gotfourttMMi years in prison accordingly.
This, while other men had killed their man in cold blood and
were acipiitted, or not even tried at all. He had the same
shyster lawyers that did me iip, and they were a curse to him
also. They took all of his property except $50, which one of
them was to collect and send to him ; but he could never g(it
even a re])ly to any one of a tlozeu letters ; and when he even
begged for enough to buy a few postage stamps. Ncnv, if ;i
black-leg Governor thought he would want to collect that .Si"3(),
he would hold him till the last minute to keep him from " be-
ing troul)lesome " to a brother thief.

An inexperienced man is easily convicted when his lawyers
are traitors, (in'l Ihoj so oftoi are. For example I give this : Au
old, hard-working, prosperous settlor was jerked up and thrown
into the grasj) of the " law," and was told by his Luvyer — " au
honored member of the bar"— at "trial" that he "could not
be sworn in his own behalf," and was likewise kept from prov-
ing an alibi ; so there was no evidence in his own behalf, and he
got twelve years at Seatco. Just because two of the gang
swore that he had assaulted one of them with a shot gun ;
when, in fact, he was at a ])lace six miles away at the time the
assault was said to have been made (tlunigh there Avas no
wound) which alibi was afterwards established. Yet the ring
Governor replied that " we have a good Judiciary which must
be upheld."

If the Judiciary Avas good,*it would not be run by black-
leg shysters ; nor Avould the testimony of midnight conspirators
be taken as evidence against other men ; nor would members
of the gang select the jury.

"The law is a sort of hocus-pocus science, that smiles in
your face while it picks your pocket, and the glorious uncer-
tainty of it is of more use to the professors, than the justice of
it."

How TO Run a IIefoum Piiihon.

273

lies ill

uucer-

5tice of

"Ami, iuileed, the groatOHt imrt of nmiikind iucHo far from liviii-^ ac-
conliug to the laws, that they hardly know tln'iii ; Imt whou they havo
hiuiit'<l, thf\v learn from others that tliev have tnins^^reHsed tlie law. Those
also who are iu the highest and principal jiosts of tlio (tovernment eoufciss
they are uot aci]nainted with those laws, and are obliged to take Hueh
jicrsous for their asHesHors iu i)iil»U(! administrations as profess to have
skill in those laws."

"If any JmlgOH take hrilios, their imnishment isd' -th. And he that
overlooks one that olFers him a petition, and this when 1. is ahle to relieve
Liin, he is a guilty person. — Laws of Moses."

As to Seatco fare : Tliey would kill lieef aiul salt it dowu
a yt^Jir ulioad, iisiu^ too much saltpetre ; and then it would
ol'teu 1)6 spoiled. Some spoiled moat was sliowu to the Gov-
ernor who declared " that it was good ! " right iu the face of
seveuty-five men who kuew he lied, and he knew that they
knew he lied. Should the testimony of such men be taken as
evidence in or out of court ?

The cook told the superintendent that " the men would
uot eat that meat. ' " Well," he replied, " send it back again."
"But suppose they don't eat it then?" *' Well, by G-o-a-d,
yoHJmf send it back till they do eat it.'"

They had plenty of ground, and plenty of labor that the
people paid them seventy cents a day for using, so they had
plenty of common vegetables ; but with little or nothing to
cook with them it was like hog feed, and old potatoes were
sometimes used two or three months after their season.

Sometimes a part of the men would refuse to work on ac-
count of the poor grub, and consequently go on bread and
water — which they would say was " about all they were getting
anyway." But this not being as profitable as their labor, the
fare would improve a little. And then on account of such
"misconduct" their abatement of time rightfully earned, would
bo denied them. But they did not thus lose very much, /or
rtohodij got siich ahateinent oj time, leitli very rare exeejftionfi— just
enough to swear by, and create false hopes in others.

Here is an example or two of " bad conduct " reports : A

cou])le of boys had come for five years ; had put in the most of

the time ; had never been punished or charged with any bad

conduct, and were trustees— could go where they liked so they

iililJH

i i > r : ! ,

mi-'^^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

■28 1 2.5

US y^ IJ2.2
*>i BOA w^m

1.1 l"^^

■

1.25 ,|U ,.6

►

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0

(716) •72-4S03

t/j

'II

'iHi

■ 1 ''.

! ^

jR:

;: f.

274

A Piir.niMAOE IN Heli*

did not uoglect their work ; their friends got a good petition for
their pardon — including the injured party — and one of thciu
took it to the Governor. The Governor tohl him if he would
get a certificate from the prison superintendent - (always one
of the contractors) — of their good conduct there, he " would let
them gf)." So the friend proceeded to the prison, where he
saw for himself how the boys were trusted, etc.; he then made
his recjuest to the superintendent who was thus forced to admit
the good conduct of the boys ; but instead of giving the friend
a certificate in accordance with the same, he promised to
" forthwith Avrite and mail it to the Governor." The boys not
being released, the friend made another visit to the Governor,
and there found their conduct certified to be " uni/ormhj had"
This ever^'body thereabouts fnid the Governor himself knew to
be false ; but it was " official " and done for a pretext to stab
justice and the expressed will of the people. The boys were then
told that "it was useless to bother the Governor any more about
it for he would not let them go," and he didn't ; though they
got some abatement of time on account of their conduct being
"uniformly good"

The friends of a .jrisoner who was working in the sash
and door factory, on applying for his release, got from the
Governor, as a reason for denying their petition, " that he had
broken some machinery," this was the first that he or any of his
associates had heard of any such thing. It was fdse, but it was
"official," and being from a secret brother, it was " lawful," and
a lie. A prisoner paid a lawyer $10, and in various other ways
tried to g(>t a brief of whatever Avas on file at the executive office
concerning him, but utterhj filled to get it done. The Govenioi'
ii'ould squeleh petitions and other documents that were favor'cdile to
a prisoner.

Prisoners were promised (by the officials) certificates of
good conduct and also recommendations for pardon, and in
some cases it was declared that this " had h'en done,'* and yet
the Governor would declare to their friends that "their con-
duct was bad," as an excuse for holding them agtdnst the solxi'
second thought of the people.

" In Avhatever manner governments insensibly grf)W aniouij;
mankind, the power consists in the aggregate mass of the

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

275

iou for
if the in

i WC)Ul<l

lys one
3ul(l let
liere lie
^n made
to admit
e friend
lised to
ooys not
overnor,
iilji h<i(l''
knew to
t to stab
rere then
y:e al)out
ugli they
ict being

the sash
from the
t he had
ny of his
)ut it was
ful," and
her ways
ive office
Govi'i'iiiyi'
vorohh' to

Ificates of
In, and ill
1' and yet
Iheir con-
Y the soJx'i'

[)W amonc;

people, though it is exercised by the few who are trusted with
it, and who would cease to have any power at all to exercise, if
the people should refuse to obey and to enforce their authority.
It is clear, therefore, that the Governors were made for (he
(jnvernvd, and that it is an ahme of the Institution ivhcncver the
happiness of the governed is made subservient to that of the Gov-
ernors"

The chief officer of the Bastile being always interested
against a prisoner's justice, and considering the kind of creat-
ures they were anyway, it was outrageous and masonry to
allow him to be " Governor, Doctor, and the Law, by G-o-a-d ! "

The Governor and company ivere thus the most cruel, relent-
less enemies in advance to a prisoner ; he did not make them so, re-
iiieinlter ; the}' were already made so, and thirsting for his
heart's blood !

The Governor could easily know the true conduct of any
man there, if he cared to know, and he gowraUi/ did knoiv it in
spite of himself.

However, their conduct as citizens at home, and justice,
which whole communities knew, and frequently testified to,
would interest and govern him more if he was a good citizen
himself and an honest official.

^lany of the guards, from fir^t to last, were pretty good
men and some were first class ; but such did not often remain
loug ; while the worst were never discharged and never quit.
They, however, sometimes died — drinking themselves to death.
They would take a quart bottle of whiskey with them every
day, and for months at a time did not draw a sober breath.

The " Governor-doctor-and-law " gentleman finally got
down also ; his toes rotting off, and his legs were cut off just
where he had riveted heavy irons on so many innocent sufFer-
iug victims, Avho now felt that " Heaven is sometimes just, and
pays us back in measures that we mete."

' ' Though the mills of God grind slowly,
Yet they griud exceedingly sniiiU ;
Though with patieuee he stands waiting,
With exactness grinds he all."

If honestly dealt with, half of the prisoners would not run
away, were they not guarded at alL I give an example. A

' 1

iilli

276

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

guard, who was always good to the boys, while working a ganf»
of eight or ten in the woods, fell asleep, and thus slept till the
superintendent was seen approaching, when one of the meu
woke him up " for Old Shead is coming," There was but two
in the gang that wanted to run away, but they Avould not do so
from Lon, but did afterwards from other guards. One of the
superintendents refused to give men who were working hardiu
his hay field a drink of buttermilk, " because he wanted it for
his hogs."

The secretary of the prison said that it " cost the con-
tractors less than twenty cents each per day to keep the pris-
oners," and sometimes, when drunk, would say that he kept
two sets of books, one set being private and that "this was cor-
rect." It was said also, that " there was never a credit mark
for an}' prisoners, but plenty of black ones."

A prisoner's mother finding that the Governor spurned
the judgment and expressed will of the people most interested,
as to releasing her son, came and placed $100 in his hand, and
told him to " jump away," and he did.

A prisoner loaned to one of the contractors over $1,000 iu
gold " for a few days only," and could never recover it. The
court gave a judgment foi the amount, but the law would work
no further against the secret brother. Many years afterwards,
when the victim was finally released, it was on condition that
he leave and stay away irom the country, so as not to be
" troublesome " tc the thieves who had looted him. And it
was whispered that he had to receipt in full for the $2,100
which was then due him. He, however, returned to his home,
and when the Governor had him arrested to be re-imprisoued.
Judge Wingard turned him loose. He complained of attempts
being made to poison him, and he often regretted his not ac-
cepting an oflfer to buy his liberty years before for a large sum
of coin in bank; but, being ignorant of the men he had to deal
with, he expected to get out on the merits of his cause.

From Josephis. - " Nor was there any sort of wickeduess
that could be named, but Albinus had a hand in it, he did not
only steal and plunder every one's substance, nor did he only
burden the whole nation with taxes, but he permitted the re-
lations of such as were iu prison for robbery to redeem them

b till the
he meu
but two
ot do so
e of the
5 liardiu
ed it for

the con-

the pris-

he kept

was cor-

dit mark

spurued
iterested,
laud, aud

n,000 iu
it. The
)uld work
terwards,
itiou that
lot to be
. Aud it
ihe $-2,100
his home,
iprisoued,
' attempts
is not ac-
large sum
id to deal
ie.

ickeduess
le did not
d he only
id the re-
eem them

7i ifi

278

A PiLOHiM>GE IN Hell.

V !

PI ' I

with money, aud uobody remained in the prisons but he who
gave him nothing. The principal men among them purchasiuf
leave of Albinus to go on with their evil practice, while that
part of the people who delighted in disturbances joined them-
selves to such as had fellowship with Albinus, and every one
of those wicked wretches was encompassed with his own band
of robbers, while himself, like an arch robber or a tj'rant made
a figure among his company, and abused his authority over
those about him, in order to plunder those that lived quietly.
The eflfect ol which was this, that those who lost their goods
were forced to hold their peace, when they had reason to sliow
great indignation at what they had suflfered ; but those who h;ui
escaped, were forced to flatter him that deserved to be pun-
ished, out of the fear they were in of suffering equally with the
others. Upon the whole, nobod}- durst speak their minds, for
t^'ranny was generally tolerated, and at this time were these
seeds soAvn which brought Jerusalem to destruction.

And though such was the character of Albinus, yet did
Gessius riorus, who succeeded him [as Roman Governor—
A.D. 06] demonstrate him to have been a most excellent person
upon the comparison, he omitted no so/t of rapine or of vexa-
ation. Where the case was really pitiable, he was most bar-
barous, and in things of the greatest turpitude, he was most
impudent. Nor could anyone outdo him in disguising the
truth, nor could anyone contrive more subtle ways of deceit
than he did. He, indeed, thought it but a petty oflfense to get
money out of single persons, aud did almost publicly proclaim
it all the country over, that they had liberty given them to
turn robbers, on this condition that he might go shares with
them in the spoils they got."

There was a room, 20x20 feet, in the gang's bastile that was
used for a shoe-making shop, tailor-shop, and hospital, except
when there were women prisouei's, when it was occupied bv
them ; the tailor aud shoemaker going up to the unfinished
garret, and the sick — well, nobody was supposed to be sick.
An invalid lay on his back on a table in the big hall for seveu
or eight months with a hip disease, and the sick, when able,
frequently bought their own medicine. This hall was as much

How TO KuN A Kefoiim PmsoN.

279

" the hospital " as was the tailor auJ shoe shop — and there was
no other.

However, oue woman prisoner occupied a shanty in the
yard for two and a half yeart. This was an Indian woman,
who, being jealous of her husband, a white man, at a diince
waylaid and shot him dead while he was returning home ; and
he not being a secret brotherhood man, it was not considered
much of a crime to thus kill him. She was also allowed to
bring her three children with her, the gang getting Jiixty
ctuits each per day for them, besides the seventy cents for
their mother.

One of the contractors was married to an Indian woman —
does any one suppose that had she killed him in a like manner
she would have got off so light ?

An Indian boy was sick with a scrofula disease, and begged
and cried to be let "go home to his mother," who, he was
" snir, would cure him " and other Indians declared that "just
sut'li cases were cured by them." But he begged and cried in
vain ; he being held to die by inches without suitable food or
care and crying to "go home!" His chum, who had come
with him, wanted to wheel him to the station and see him
home; their time by this time Imcing ncarli/ expired —hut the
last drop of blood must be wrung out.

They were convicted of stealing a little grub from a wood-
man's cabin— while white men who loot whole ranches are run
for office. This is but a sample case where hapless prisoners
were thus held on to, to miserably die by inches ; when an un-
tamed cannibal would have let them go home and be cured.
The treatment of this boy drove his Indian chum to despera-
tion ; though having but a few days to stay, he jumped the
place, procured a gun, and declared for vengeance — though
having been peaceably disposed always before.

*' Drt'iid/id it iras to see the i]h(xstbf stare,
The stdiii/ look of horror inid dexjniir,
Which some of these expiritty rktbns cast,
Upon their soid's tomnentor to the hist.

Uj)07i th(d vtovkitttj fiend, whose veil now raised,

Showed them as in death's ayonif they f/azed. — Moore"

A white woman, with a large family of small children, told

280

A Pii-diJiMAdE IN Hell

f> \

1 ' *! , ^

I 'ill

:) ,?'.

ti ".;

'I' Hi

her boy to defend their home which they had dug out of the
woods, agaiust a secret riug jumper who was then tearing
down their fence, and the boy did so eflectually as to him ; there-
fore the mother was sent to Seatco for five years, and with
never a child to comfort her. Her aggravated agony and heart-
rending moauings for her little children, left in sore distress,
as she walked the floor night and day in a frenzy of gi'ief and
despair, would make any honest man curse the court that
desolates, loots and murders honest, hard earned homes, in-
stead of at least lending a hand — without eating up the place —
for their protection.

One morning, this virtuous, home-loving mother of a large
family of helpless children, was found hanging to a post in her
cell, dead. Did she do it '? or was she horribly murdered ?

An executive or other prison official, who spurns every
crumb of justice or of charity, and even decent usage, to one of
these luckless looted victims — whose shrieks of torture is to
them the essence of delight — should be made to suffer in kind.

I was present when the Governor' s attention was called to
this event and the friendly post— he manifested no more feel-
ing than had the victim been a rat.

Another woman, to repel an indecent assault, threw a
lamp at her assailant, and he died. This was also made a
crime and she was sent to the bastile with promises of aspeedy
release — as is so common tvith the deceivers. She soon found
these promises to be a delusion and lie, and after an illness
died. It was the prison talk that for months she did not go to
bed at night on account of fear ; and that during her illness
one of the officials gave her frequent doses of medicine. She
had no female attendant, indeed, none had.

There were several different doctors at different times, but
they hardly ever exercised any authority. One, however, told
a prisoner with much feeling, that he was getting the heart
disease from his troubles and sufferings, and to " just look out
and care for himself, for nobody else would, and called him back
when he had been called out to work, telling him not to work, ex-
cept as he felt able if he valued his life ! " This doctoi', however,
soon got bounced, but the sick prisoner was held on to with a
vicious, craving desire to wring out and lap his heart's blood.

How TO Run a Reform Piuson.

281

After a long time a few newspapers were got to condemn
the cruelties at Seatco (Seatco is Indian for " the devn s
home"). One paper (.S'<'a///(' C/iroiiich) demanded a change, or
it woukl expose the whole brutal swindle. This had a good
oftVct, so that even the Governor recommended that the legisla-
ture buy movable irons and do away with the others, and it
authorized him to do ho /orf/mUL Yet it was nhont ti i/iar
before he got them, and tiro (Did a lialf yearn before the others
were done away with, which displayed how earnest he was to
lessen the misery of better men.

Those permanent irons broke down many a good man, and
caused more to jump away than they kept from it. Some,
while striking for their liberty, were shot. One was sliot
through the heart, it was said, after he had stopped, turned
round, and thrown u]) his hands ; and another was shot after
be had surrendered. Even guards would frequently say that
tliev " did not blame men from jumping away from such a
hell."

When the legislature convened, it would send out a com-
mittee to investigate matters; biit, as they were brother masons,
they did little or nothing against the gang. The prisoners
represented and complained that the warden should be an in-
dependent and responsible moral man; appointed and paid by the
Territor}^ to stand between the rights of the prisoners and the
Territoi-y, and the cruel greed of contractors, instead of being
as he then was, one of their servile hands. This they agreed
to, and the legislature appropriated $600 a year to pay such a
warden, but they left it to the Governor to appoint the man,
which his excellency (?) did, hi the jH-rson of the very .siniie f<errile
hand the contractors then had employed, thus simply making them a
present of |600 a year of the people's money, and doing the
prisoners no good.

At one session of the legislature, the members came out in
r. body, and in freely mingling and conversing with the prison-
ers in the hall, were quite fully informed as to the abuses they
suffered. One prisoner addressed them at length, showing up
the cruelties and corruptions in an able and interesting man-
ner, and with plenty of proof at hand to establish, beyond dis-
pute, every charge. The chief contractor was called in to face

*■ '41 i»

h' '

i «■.

282

A PlLGUIMAQE IN HeLL.

and refute, if lio could, idiarges, that if true, should have Imup
the whole gan<^. And //*' ^Jid imt even deny a s'uujle accufiuiinn. It
was also shown that the Governor's message was false as to
the ])rison. For example : That ho had credited the con-
tractors with keeping six more prisoners than were there, and
that the people were deceived and robbed in various other
ways also, as will hereafter appear.

If there was a single member of that body who was not
convinced that this was a most brntal swindle of a prison, ho
did not manifest it there, or enconnKje /loihrr prixf, while thoy
mostly freely condemned it as such a hell. And some of thom
earnestly requested Mr. Strong's speech to use openly iu the
legislature and to have it published also, and he gave it to
them accordingly.

One of the contractors, declining to face the flaming
charges against him, and who, like the rest, was opposed to
giving a victim a hearing anyway, slipped up into the garret,
and with his ear to the floor, listened insidiously to the prison-
er's great speech, which he had written on brown paper— the
only kind he could procure.

I asked a couple of members, who sat by me during its de-
livery, as I did othei'S also, whether thoy "believed those
charges to be true?" And they replied that they "believed
everyone of them, for — they said— they were evidently true
by the proof they heard and saw for themselves, and that men
in such a situation should be considered more trustworthy wJicn
testifying mjainst officials over them than others not in duress," and
that " besides, if any charges were not true, this was the time and
phire to refute it, but which ivas not attempted."

They also pledged themselves earnestly (as we thought) to
do all they could to rectify the abuses, and end the fraudulent
contract.

" Then," I said, " you do not believe the Governor ? " " Xo,"
one said, " and I never did." They also said that Mr. Strong
should be protected from punishment "for so bravely exposing
the cruelties and corruptions and pleading for right ami
justice." Some appeared to ba horrified and infuriated at these
teachers of crime, these human serpents, who, when challenged
to meet the charges against them of heinous crime, had crawled

>^'ifj

His Penalty fob Making a Speech.

Ezpoelug the tortures ot the secret BastUe.

S I

■iiMV.

:Kli

IS'ir.tf £ J ■

388)

r I

'.111.

284

A riUil{IMA(JE IN HfXL.

out of sight, to strikt! tlioir victims in the ilark with stent
junn r (iti</ (il'lit/dh'oii. And nninyof the members nnule tx second
visit, and left apparently »/or<' vou firmed ami (lutrrniincd to break
nj) the l)rutal swindle.

Yet when the lef^islaturc I'ad adjourned, the contractors
liad got (III crtrmion <>/ fin> i/iio's, and Mr. Strong's speech —
v.liich contained more vital information to the people than all
the messages and other writings of all the Governors of tli(^
Territory, before, at the time, or since- -/»/</ Ucu sfjiwlc/icil. Nor
had he been protected fi-om abuse for his earnest honesty, and
was therefore punished by pulling out nine of his teeth, and
in various other ways also -this was hitting virtue with a dub.

And when the people had petitioned very strongly, and
without any open opposition, for his restoration, it was denied
by the Governor on the ground, that "he liad thus caused the
contracttns much trouble." "Then," replied his very aged
mother who had come from the States, to work for his liberty,
" he has been driven to it by abuse ! for I have successfully
raised a large family of boys and girls, and this one has will-
ingly given me less trouble than any of the rest."

Such is the practical workings of Masonry and its like,
which sets good men to studying the philosophy of anarchy
and of socialism, if the gang cannot be killed ; there being no
sivui'iiijfor lihiriijffor property, or fur life, as It is.

"While every tear his [lootoil] chiUUeu shed

Fi'll nil h IK noiil like limps of Jiitme :

And us a lover hails the dawn

Of a first smile, so wek-omed he

The sparkle of the first sword drawn

For vengeance and for liberty." — Moore.

This legislature, and the succeeding one, however, provided
for the building of a territorial prison at Walla Walla ; but in-
stead of utilizing the labor of the prisoners in its construction,
which was entirely practicable, they were left with the con-
tractors, at 70 cents a day, till it was slowly built. And even
then the Governor and contractors would hardly permit their
removal, notwithstanding that it had been provided for by the
legislature, and would be a large daily saving to the territory
and a measure of justice to the prisoners.

How TO Run a Refoiim Piuson.

28")

ludeod, the ganf» tlnia lifild on to them for the money there
WHS in it, in direct viohition of the hiw, till the Governor was
voiiiffUnl by the people of Walla Walla and the notoriety of the
swindle, to let them go.

The legislature had appropriated SnO.OOO for the main-
tainance of the prisoners, wherever they might be, and !?1,()00
for their removal to the new prison " whenever it was snitabh
for occupancy." Yet, the gang could get blackleg shysters to
declare, that " while it was legal to pay 70 cents each and their
labor per day to such a gang, it was illegal to pay out 25 cents
each ])er day direct for their maintainance, and retain the labor
l)esides." Thfj/ pracficdlhj held, (hat "no moueij .slioithi hr paid
out of f/if fVt'asiD'if unless fiu PEll CENT. SHOULD IJE CLEAR TO THE

rf.\NO." The Walla Walla brethren were willing to take a less
ptT cent, which did not plea.se the Governor; but by their ad-
vancing the means necessary to maintain the ])ri8oners — thus
leaving the Governor with'-'^* Ms flimsy pretext - lie finally and
reluctantly comj)lied with the law to re move them.

An eminent Mat. .m came to see a man who had been robbed
and shanghaied here, telling him that he would get him releas-
ed for what money he had left; he accepted the pro^xjaition
but on the jto-situ'e cnndifion, that the former was not to get any
money \intil his release was secured. This was the distinct
agreement in the presence of the superintendent. The gentle-
man wrote an order, supposed and said to be in accordance
with the agreement, and in the excitement, flurry, stress and
hnrry — made /or the pur pose — the victim was got to sign the
paper, without knowing anything to the contrary. The "Hon.
leading-light-in-the-profession-and-head-of-the-bar " forth wi 1 1 :
struck out and got the money, kept it, and dropped his victim,
who went crazy immediately. This victim was undoubted!}' in-
nocent of any crime, and this case is given as a mere specimen (if
others.

"What niighty miHchief glads him now,
Who never sniileH but to destroy."

Months afterwards the eminent gentleman of the " bar "
died, and though he was a notorious thief for twenty yer^s, yet
the ring papers were filled with glowing eulogies of the depart-
ed brother, but had never a word to say for his hundreds of

\M\M

F^"*!!!

1^1

'i , >il

28G

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

suffering victims But of the brutal, grasping, cowardly thief
they said, .that " he was bright, shrewd and ambitious, stood at
the head of the bar, was repeatedly elected to the legislature,
nominated for delegate to Congress, he invested [what he stole',
in real estate, and, in the constant rise, made money fast. He
built two of the most elegant residences on the Sound .... the
])eople of Pierce county have lost their most able advocate,
most loyal citizen and best friend."

Now, is this " charity," or is it an outrage on justice, to
make cowardly pillage respectable and aggravate the wounds of
his bleeding, dying victims ?

It was the prison talk that it took money to get a pardon.
And as men with the worst cases and characters, and with
slight, if any, petitions, were pardoned, while others whose in-
nocence, good character and conduct were known to all who
cared to know, and with very strong petitions withal, were left
to languish ; this talk therefore was but reasonable. And some
whispered how much their release would cost. For example —
that his " was bargained for $1000." (And he went, too, though
he had plead guilty to highway robbery, was an old offender,
had run away and been extradited from British Columbia and
made a second attempt, and had served but a fifth of his sen-
tence.)

Another said that his pardon would cost his folks about
$700, (and he went also, having served but a small portion of
his time.)

The ring papers said, that a "numerously signed petition
did the business." When the truth was, the Governor would
■scarcely look at a "numerously signed petition."

For example. — A "numerously signed petition" was sent in
to the Governor for the release of a prisoner who was guilty of
no crime ; he said that " as others had become impatient and
begged and urged the Governor to act on their petitions with-
out avail, he would let him take his own time and way without
pressing him, and see if he woidd not be more successful." So
he and his family waited and suffered, as patiently as they
could, for six long, miserable, anxious months ; and then, tlio
Governor being at the bastile, he mentioned the matter to him,
who finally remembered that there was a petition in his ofiice

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

287

in this prisouer's behalf, "but," said his excellency, " I hair not
looked at it i/ct."

But he declared that he would " look at it " as soon as he
returned. Whether he ever did or not " look at it " made no
difference, for the victim served out his five years.

I have lately talked with an old neighbor of this victiii)
and he declares that "everybody " knows, and did at the tiin* .
that it was a put-up job against him by an enemy for unjust re-
venge and plunder ; and he had relied on one of the blackleg
shysters that sold and betrayed me.

In such cases the judge and jury may know little or nothing
about a man's real case, even if tlicy are not fixed against him.
It is only uecessai'y to fix his lawyer, ichich is a very common
(liiiKj to (to. Surely, such devilish treason shmild be killed out on
fiiijlit ! In this case the victim believed that he hieio, that he
was thus sold for $150 ; and there are brethren in the gang, who
have cried up this traitorous thief for a judge in " our good
Judiciary."

One of my jurymen said that he learned more of my real
case a day or two after the so-called trial, than he did at that
corrupt performance, and that " now all he blamed me for was
that I did not kill the devil sooner than I did ;" and which is
the general sentiment of my neighbors. Another juryman said,
that "a majority of the jury were fixed against me anyway."

Therefore, in such cases as these, a Governor who rejects
and spits upon the earnest prayers of good citizens who are
uncorrupted and who do kuo%v the real case, and who further —
with a grin— spits in the face of the victim, " we have a good
Judiciary," is a damned, perjured, cowardly thief, a cringing
tool of the gang, and a traitor to his country.

The intent of the pardoning })ower, the world over, is to
correct any miscarriage or perversion or prostitution of the
courts and of justice, and protect tiie defenceless. It is not
intended to be a mere i)ersonal privilege to trade on in the
dark ; but is a sworn public trust, jibove and independent of
the courts and their machiuer}' and blackleg "bar." And a Gov-
ernor is just as much sicorn to attend to and exercise this oath-
hound trust, and to do so houestly, as that of any other
function of his office. Indeed, it is the most vital ami imporfm'

', 1 ISf" ''I f i

288

A Pilgrimage in Hell,

clianjc of the office. And what a villain one must be to squelch
and prostitute it !

When a victim is gagged and railroaded through a court
iu charge of black leg shysters, who have betrayed and sold

him, WHERE ! OH, WHERE ! IS ^IS RECOURSE ?

A sane man was shanghaied to the insane asylum, to rob
him of his property {quite a common thiwj). A friend set to
work and got him out, and was exposing the job when Ik
was made a victim of a put-up job and shanghaied to the
Seatco Bastile. He was informed that he would be released if
he would agree to cease from " making such trouble."

Another sane man was charged about $2,000 by court
lawyers for defending him against one of these jobs. He hud
valuable property that the gang wanted, and he declared tiuit
a man— who was afterwards made Governor — and '* other
masons " were in a conspiracy to rob him of it. His insanity
consisted only in " getting on to the gang" and thus defeating
the job. So they made several attempts to put him out of the
Avay. But the people of Seattle would wake up and get mad
when these job trials were being waged against him ; conse-
quently the " good judiciai'y " would weaken and let him oif,
except that he must pay the shysters $2,000 per job, and the
people of the county also paid about the same amount iu
court expenses to the brethren.

During one of these jobs a brother (who was a minister in
the States) had to come cit and help protect this victim
against the " good judiciar}-." He was willing to detend him-
self and his property against the masons, and armed liimHoU'
accordingly. But secret thieves being cowards, forced him
into the good-to-them-judiciary, where they could rob him af
the expense of the people and tvithout danger to themselves.

A mason plead guilty to grand larceny, forgery and rob-
bery, and was indicted on several other charges also ; the
extent of which in the aggregate amounted to fifty -thne years
in the penitentiary, and was sentenced to Seatco for two years.
And, moreover, he was secretly pardoned bifore he arrived at
the prison. The brotherly press stated that he " was serviii<;
out his time" there, and while the press was lying ybr the

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

289

gulll!/ brother, it was also lying against good citizens who were
left to languish unheard and undefended.

Two other old offenders were convicted of an attempt to
wreck a passenger train. They got two and two and a half
years, and were soon pardoned out. One of them was con-
victed twice afterward, and was soou pardoned each time ; his
father was a mason.

Another who had been arrested nineteen (19) times for
grand larceny, and had stolen stock, by his word, " ever since
he was big enough to ride a horse," got two years and was
pardoned ; was convicted again and again pardoned — his father
was a mason.

Another old offender plead guilty to horse-stealing, got
one year and was pardoned before coming to the prison — his
father was a mason.

A ring official plead guilty to embezzlement, and was
pardoned before he saw the prison — he being a mason.

Indeed, the masons and odd-fellows have plundered the
treasuries of many of the counties of the territory ivith impunity
— the judiciary being very good to them.

Meanwhile, others of them were murdering people in cold
bloo<l, and committing all manner of other crimes, but the
judiciary and ring press being ■' good " to them they went un-
punished.

As example in point — in brief from the press.

"Murder Most Fouii."

[Blatikl slays his brewer Adam 0-

Two pistol sJiois. The murderer

in custody.
"Going into the brewcrj' y aril we found Adam G-

lying on his

back ; the blood was streaming from a i)istol wound between the shouhlers ;
aud the right eye had been pierced with another bullet. The assistant
brewer said, "I heard two instol shots, and ran up and found [7^/a/^^] had
shot his head brewer. "

"AdamG threatened to attack and sue [Blank] if he would not

pay him the ^7^0 due him ; Adam G quit a week ago."

The Sheriff proceeded to [Blanks] residence accompanied by the
ethtor. As they reached the portico [Blank] was sitting in a chair, and
extended his hand to the editor and greeted him with the usual salutation,
"Hello ! how is de round-up."

Soou after the sheriflf took [Blank] to the hotel. The dying man was

?fV';il

■jl i:

ril

290

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

Ill':

? j'i;:

unconscious from the first and died soon after. His appearance as ho lay
there with wet sooks and drawers which he had just washed, and still
chitched in his hand, showed plainly that he was not in a hostile attitude
when sluin [and he was unarmed].

We suppose that the hope of [Blank] is the plea of craziness, but his
only craziness was long protracted drinking. "He has recently been verv
abusive to his family, and drove his son away, threatening to kill him if
ho returned." "The probata Judge refused the murderer bail, and ho
was committed to the care of the sheriff." But he is ^^rtually at largo
without bail. The people are talking verj* wicked aV)out this thing. They
fail to see why a man who sells a drink of liquor to an Indian should ln'
incarcerated in a cell, and one who slays his fellow-man should be allowed
his liberty.

Considering the popular feeling in tliis case, it would be best, even as
a matter of ijolicy, and regardless of duty of officers to enforce the kw,
or else worse may come. Later. " Judge [Blauk] has granted Blank bail
on the showing of his attorneys that he is sick, with the sheriff to approve
of his bonds."

A c.\KD. To the Public. — Recently, while on a visit to town, I got into
an argument on the merits and demerits of the [Blank] case, and freely
asserted that if Blank received an honest trial he would probably pay tlio
penalty of life. A short time afterwards I received a card addressed ;
Charies Weudler, North Yakima, W. T., I. O. O. F., A. F. and A. M.

With the following in ha J- writing evidently disguised :

" We hnvp, you spotted, keep quiet, danger ahead, 0008 A. F. and A. M."

" With regard to this I will simply say that I have expressed my
honest opinion like a free man, and that I cannot be bull-dozed by any
anonymous and threatening cards, and if the writer becomes kno\vn to me
I will prosecute him to the extent of the law. Respectfully,

Chables Wendler."

It is evident that Mr. Wendler did not know that tlie
"good judiciary " is made up from these gangs, or he would not
talk about " prosecuting them " therein, where he would staiul
no more show for justice, than does a Gentile in Utah, in a
Mormon court.

Mr. Blank's case was put off for about a year by the
"good judiciary," while the people were being blinded and
bull-dozed into submission, and after a change or two of venue
the brethren indicted him with a sham or " imperfectly
drawn " indictment for manslaughter ; then the " good judici-
ary " went through the farce of a trial (?) on this flawed indict-
ment, and the verdict was guilty. So now the "imperfect"

^/ ilMi;'>ai

:ji!"

How TO KuN A Beform Prison.

291

fl ho lay
md still
attit\i(\o

but his
een very
ill him if
,, and he

at largo
Lg. They
houhl I'l'
e alio well

t, even as
) the luw.
31auk l>ail
) approve

I got into
i,nd freely
[y pay the
iddressed :

A. M.

nclA. M."
ressed ray
ed by any
own to me

NDIiEB.'

that the

jTould not

Id stautl

fiah, in a

by the
Ided and
lof venue

perfectly
[d judici-
Id indict-
Iperfect "

indictment having heen good enough for a so-called trial, and
its necessary expense to the people and profit to the gang, it-
was discovered (?) to be " imperfectly drawn," and the " good
judiciary "quashed it and the verdict accordingly, and reduced
the brother's bail. I quote from a paper : " The case will again be
presented to the grand jury at the October term of court, and
unless another change of venue is granted the trial will take
place at ."

The "good judiciary " played another farce or two at the
expense of the people and profit to itself. < >f course, Mr. Blank
was "acquitted " — this having been fixed in the dark at the very
beginning. Indeed, it was done in advance when brethren were
made officials of the court.

In a similar case it was stated by the press that " the case
from the beginning will cost the people $35,000. It should not
have cost $1,000."

Oh! What a good (?) judiciary!

Another sample case. — "Mr. Klebnrn was walking along, %nth or
after Mr. [Blank] on the street, Kleburn talking rapidly and excitedly,
though making no demonstration to fight ; presently the two 2Jartie8
stopped in front of the . . . ollice — Kleburn with his back to the
building and Blank facing him — they being about two feel tqntrl. They
conversed in this position jirobably three minutes, when Kleburn was
seen to tap Blank on the front of the shoulder — as if em^jhasizing
strongly. Blank pushed Kleburn back and niado some remark, but Kle-
burn advanced to his old ijoaition, and took hold of the lapel of Blank's
coat with one hand. With astonishing rapidity Blank drew a revolver,
ami placing the muzzle directly against Kleburn's left breast, jJuUed the
trigger. The report was so weak that those standing around felt con-
viuced that it was a blank cartridge. This can be accounted for by the
barrel of the pistol being pressed against Kleburn's ^.orson. Instantly as
tlio shot was flred, Blank pu p'stol in his pocket, and started around

the corner. Kleburn stood stcik siill, just turning to watch his assailant
as lie passed around the corner ; and it was then that the reporter dis-
covei-ed the man was wounded, and his vest was burning. Running down
from his position he took hold of Kleburn's arm with one hand, and strik-
ing the blaze on his vest with the other extinijuished the fire. At that time
Kleburn was as pale as a sheet, and said, "Yes; [Blank] shot me." I
will go with you to a doctor : when in front of the book bindery, the
wouuded man commenced to stagger, and despite all his assistant could do
dropped heavily at the corner of the alloy about 100 feet from where he
was shot, saying, ' I'm dying.' "

' , i* i i

uii'

^•TTT

U I

292

A PlLORIMAGE IN HfXL.

Other witnoHHoa swore that Klebura " was emphatic, nothing hke a
blow thon},'h, nioro aggressive in manner than in action ; there was no
motion on liis jiart to draw a weapon." Ami he irna iinnrmcd while lUunk
hiitl (irmed hiniHi'lf to shool him. At preliminary (and only) examination a
couple of brethren plead and argued his case as much and as long as they
waut^Kl to, and so did Blank himself ; but " the prosecuting attorney [a
secret brother also] state<l that he would not argue the case ; the court (?)
had heard the testimony and could judge whether or not it was a case. "
And the "good judiciary announced as its decision that "jjm offence had
been committed."

But it was really good enough not to play any more silly
farces at the expense of the people as to this case. And the
brotherly press all joined in songs of praises to Blank — de-
claring it to have been " A chnr case of self-defence.'^ "When, had
Kleburu shot Blank in a like manner, they would have howled
him down as a " Cold-blooded, coivardly murderer" and the
** good judiciarj" would have treated him accordingly. Tins
none but a thief ivill deny.

I could fill a book with similar cases, of which I have cut-
tings, but as they are transjiiring every day, in one place or au-
othei*, every voter should read and watch them critically, each
for himself, and by his vote say whether or not a member of
any secret oath-bound order shoidd hold any office of profit or trust
loherein good citizens are concerned.

The proceedings in such cases were watched critically by the
prisoners, and many could tell at the l)eginning just howtliey tonuld
end, by considering the relationship and obligatiom of the gang as fo
the same, and their intense feelings at the unequal justice {lohlch
is not justice) that is practiced, I have no words to describe; nor
can anyone fully imagine who has never unjustly miserably
suffered.

Men differ as to which works the most corruption, raouey
or masonry. The fact is, it is dangerous to pay out or receive
money corruptly, imless it is done through the dark, lurkiuj;
secrecy of masonry, etc. If a blackleg official should receive
money corruptly direct from an outsider he might expose it ;
while a brother in the gang would not dare to do so. This is
believed to be the reason that a prisoner's common and houest
friends, and the people who knew the man and the case to be

How TO Run a Refoilm Prison.

293

ng like a
B was no
kile Blank
lination a
ig as they
ttorney [a
3 court (?)
IS a case."
tffence hid

lore silly

And the
aiik — de-
7 lieu, had
,'e howled

and the
rly. Thk

have cut-
ace or au-
".alhj, each
lember of
)fit or trust

llyby the
thcij would
gang O'* to
ice {which
cribe ; nor
miserably

3n, money
or receive
■k, lurkiug
|ld receive

Bxpose it ;

This is

Iml honest

lase to be

good, had no influence with the Governor, while a single heavily
paid brother in the gang had aU the influence he wanted.

Though members of an oath-bound gang have influence
enough to shanghai and hold innocent men in prison, as they
did me, by perhaps dividing the plunder, and even without, yet
if a few of them should a' lempt his release, they must evident-
ly be ivell provided with cash to succeed. Some prisoners who
had no enemies in the Territory, and whom the people wanted
released, were yet required by the Governor to leave the
country forthwith, as though afraid of some secret being di-
vulged.

And I — George W. France — had several offers to get me
out for large sums of money. One member of the gang wanted
my homestead (which was what I had left of my fortune) as the
price of my liberty — as will hereafter more fully appear. A
brazen, mid-night, blackleg Governor, might say, " Damn yon,
you cannot prove to the satisfaction of the " good judiciary "
that /got or would get such money." I answer, " Damn you,
it is immaterial to the victim who of the gang gets it, or don't
get it, if he has to pay it all the same, or languish." And, sir,
if you would hold a man in prison to be plundered and ravaged
and looted of all that is valuable, near and dear to him, know-
ing him to be innocent, or refuse to know it, you are a most
damnable, cowardly thief anyway. And so you are, if only high
priced agents have any influence with you, while one's common
friends and neighbors, and the mass of the people are spurned
as so many rats ! If you were honest, sir, you would choose to
know and deal direct with the principal and his common
friends, and the public ; and receive the truth lohereever found,
and spurn the secret lurking enemy, who dare not he hioiim ! If
you were not a servile lackey of corruption and Masonry, sir,
you would not spit in the face of a ravaged victim the brazen
lie, that " we have a good judiciary," when you know that he
knows, that as between outsiders, justice is sold to the highest
bidder for cash or mortgages — which is not justice — and that he
has no more show against your secret midnight brethren, than
be would have in the Mormon courts of Utah — your brethren
also.

Prisoners, being denied mail facilities and more direct

i:H

i.iM

^'''iwmm

%''

'-, : ' HOmW

'% '

^^iii

mW\

Tpt

ft'!'

Pill?

Wi-

;ii' ■!;■■■;

294

A PlLORIMAOE IN HeLL.

means of attending to their business, were, therefore, often
comiM-Ued to trust business matters to blacklegs who were at
hand. In thus trusting a prison doctor — living at Chehalis—
he robbed his victim of, to him a large sum of money, in such
a cowardly, villainoiis manner ; yet there was no recourse
against the thief.

It is often said by blackleg officials that " to hear prison-
ers talk, they are all innocent." This is false, for after thoir
conviction they most always admit their guilt, if they are
guilty ; especially to their companions. One reason is, it re-
lieves the mind ; another, because most men would rather be
considered a criminal than a fool ; and another, because they
generally fare better while in prison, and stand a better show
for release — officials knowing how to sympathize toith their
hind.

It was widely published in the press that one of the Gov-
ernors skipped his native State in the night, to dodge the
sheriff who had a warrant for his arrest for (as administrator)
robbing an estate of his own people ; so he would naturally
hate fire-arms, as knowing his just deserts like other burglars,
and how to sympathize with nocturnal thieves.

Another prison official was reported to have served a term
in the Idaho penitentiary for robbing sluice-boxes.

Another, admitted having been guilty of frequently selling
whiskey to Indians, and declared that he " would steal before
he would work."

Another, and his court, had robbed a paralized man in a
cold-blooded, cowardly way of about $2,000 in gold coin. Two
had been publicly shown to be perjurers, and several of them
are accessory to cowardly, torturing murder !

What show has an honest man for justice with such a
gang ? Linked together in a secret oath -bound brotherhood !
With their chief preaching temperance to the blinded, ignorant
multitude, and getting drunk on the sly ! And publicly por-
traying in glowing terms and silver tones the beauties and
loveliness of truth, which in his pi*actice he spurns, detests and
spits upon, and declares to be evil ! And all parading the Bible
through the streets, to make careless people think they are
honest ! !

How TO Run a Refoum Piuhon.

295

Well may they love the judiciary, that they, by midnight
intrigue, control and own, and which is, therefore, '.so good to
(hem, and hate their victims' only eflfectual means of defence, as
they do equality before the law !

The legislature appropriated $25, per year, for newspapers
of the territory, which was highly appreciated ; but this, I be-
lieve, was the only means spent for the benefit of the jyrisoners.
Those having any friends left, would generally be sent reading
matter (also boxes of food, etc.), and many were newspapers
subscribers and would also buy books. The W. C. T. U. would
sometimes send in tracts, flowers, etc., which, however, was
considered very cold comfort to those whose bodies were being
cruelly starved and torn, and virtue made a bleeding slave to
depravity, Avith none to stand up/or the right.

This toying with the devil because he is in poioer, made men
forget their prayers, discard their bibles, curse the cringing
slaves and question God.

There was only one outside door to the bastile, and it was
in the upper story ; so in case of fire all were in danger of being
burned alive — this one door being the only way of escape. And
h/ it was where all the lamps were filled, etc., so that the oil-
soaked bench and floor and can of oil added to the danger.
One night a fire in the guards' sitting room by this door and oil
burned through the six inch floor into a prisoner's cell below,
who gave the alarm. It was a whiskey fire ; so some of the
officials might have perished also.

The prison directors and others would always admit and
promise to the prisoners, that other means of escape from fire
should be provided ; but, as the governor-doctor-and-the-law-
brother crooked his little finger against it, this was never done.
And the W. C. T. U. and others sent more tracts and flowers.

The clothing was of the cheapest and flimsiest sort, but
some were allowed to wear their own, or partly so. Yet, in
other cases, even under-clothing, sent by friends and mothers,
were denied and said to be appropriated by ofiicials, as was the
case with other clothing also. The prison pants — for all the
seasons — were sometimes worn by other men as overalls ; and
they were usually patched and torn. And prisoners tlius thin-
ly clad and heavily ironed, could be seen by the W. C. T. U.

V '%

Bi I'

' I'J 1

i l! i

i tjfl

* ^Hl

ji 1'

1i|:iil

!■ u

if^ ii

296

A PiLGRIMAOE IN HeLL.

and others working out in the coldest weather and snow,
guarded by officials bundled up in overcoats and boots and
glowing with whiskey.

Nor had the worst of these prisoners ever been more sinful
than the men with influence at court who stone them down.

Did Jesus only fling a tract or flower at tortured and looted
humanity ? Or did he not criticise the State, agitate and stir up
the people, ' blaspheme " the autJiorities, and DO something for the
afflicted !

The bastile cells were 8x10 feet, with two and three single
beds in each. The beds were a straw tick and a 60 lbs. flour
sack filled with straw for a pillow, one sheet (too narrow to be
much good), and two pair of light cheap blanl'-^ts — which were
never washed. However, if a prisoner was able, he could add
to his bedding, which many did ; while others suffered in cold
weather, sleeping in double irons. But, on the whole, there
were biit few complaints as to the sleeping accommodations.

The prisoners were expected to shave themselves, or each
other ; but some were excused from shaving.

Whenever a prisoner or two ran away, the rest must have
their hair cut close ; though some did so anyway.

One of the most quiet anrl peaceable men in the prison —
or the world — who had worked hard and honestly for a living
all of his life and was not now guilty of any crime, had picked
up the shoe-making trade here and done all the prison work in
that line, besides much outside work, which had required two
other men to do before. His health being poor, so to enable
him to stand so much work, he was trusted to walk about out-
side of the prison every day without any guarding ; and was
being promised assistance by the prison officials to get pardon-
ed, or — more properly speaking — released, as he was guilty of
no crime. However, he found that he was being humbugged
and lied to in a cruel, brutal, cowardly manner — as is usual in
such cases — so he thought he would pay them back just a little,
which he did one day by extending his walk into the woods aud
remaining away for 9 or 10 days, when he returned alone and
resumed his job. The contractors were so pleased to re-possess
such a profitable hand, that they accorded him his old out-

How TO Run a Reform PuiHt)N.

297

il(K)r privileges, etc. Yet, v/h on he left, this is the kind of a
send-oflf the gentlemen had given him : —

From tite I'russ. — "Escaped fuom Seatco. The authoritioH in this
city have been notified of the esi'ape from tlie tt»rritoriul penitentiary ut
Seivtfo, last Saturday, of one of the most iU'siirntlf criinimils ernr vinijiiwd
with i It ilx Willis. The desperado's name [ete., etc.] The super-
intendent of the Seatco prison offers a rewanl of S75 for his capture and
return."

So, if their testimony was any proof of anything, it could
be thus proven by themselves, that neither guards or irons of
any kind were necessary to hold even lite worst and " most des-
perate " of the prisoners from running away, and, accordingly,
they could not have been a very bad lot.

One of the innocent prisoners is in for life. He was sen-
tenced to be hung, and the scaffold was built under his nose to
hang him on. Had he been an American citizen, outside of
the gang, he would have been executed, notwithstanding every-
body who cared to know his case, knew him to be innocent.
And so many did know it, that the people were talking bitterly
about the proposed murder. Still the Governor and Judge
|)ersisted in having the victim thus to die ! As the " good
Judiciary " was held to be infallible (^as against outsiders), no
matter how infamous it be in fact.

The people were so horrified at the proposed murder, that
it was thought safer to do the job up secretly, in the dark, as it
were. Indeed, it is doubtful whether the people, in their
might, would have allowed such a cold-blooded murder to be
done in open day. So the Governor Avould do it privately and
out of the people's sight.

Here is a clipping in point :

"Governor [Blank] and Judge [Blank] have joined in a special re-
quest to the Sheriff, to have the execution of Gionini conducted in the most
private manner possible. Strenuous efforts have been made to secure com-
mutation to imprisonment for life, without avail, as the Governor considers
him to be guilty and sane, and so responsible to the law for his crime
against mankind and his maker. The execution will take place on Tuesday,
the nth of March."

Let the people put a stop to private executions ! It is Masonry
and means murder I

298

A PiLouiMAOE IN Hell.

¥ <„!:

This victim was a citizen of little Switzei'land, and tho
Swiss consuls in Portland, Oreg., and San Francisco, and tho
Swiss Minister at Washington, interested themselves in his
behalf, and secured a commutation of his sentence.

A man had killed another for his money, and then got a
couple of Italian fishermen to swear the job on Gionini, and by
buying his lawyer, as it is supposed was done, this was e<isih/
accomplished. These court witnesses swore that they were at
a certain place when the shooting was done, and " saw Gionini
do it." But it afterwards transpired that it was an utter phy-
sical impossibility for a person to see another at all, from one
of these places to the other on account of obstructions that in-
tervened. And such was the evidence (?) on which the man
was, and is to-day, robbed of his life.

His treatment nearly drove him crazy ; he was kept in
suspense as to his fate for about a year, and this was such au
agony to him that he told them to " go ahead and hang him
rather than thus prolong his misery ; " when any one could
have known his case in a week. He could neither understand
nor speak English at the time of his " trial," and no interpreter
was allowed him. He is a civil engineer by profession, and
had held positions of trust under his Government.

From the Press. — "Father Ceaari has just returned from Olympia,
■where he has been to see the Governor in the interest of the condemned
murderer Gionini. Father Cesari says that he knows Gionini is inuocent
of the crime for which he is convicted."

The Mayor of the town whore he was " convicted," de-
clared :

"I most solemnly believe that the man is innocent." The Sheriff
wrote : "On Sunday morning I went to see liim to see how he was con-
ducting himself, beUeving that he had but a f» v more hours to b v^e. I
said to him that I had ordered lumber, and nex day would have an en-
closure inii up so that the public would not see i
not care how many people were there, that he
cent man. He then explained, and I am fuUy
culprit is not now in irons. "

Say ? is it eqiud, just, or fair, to condem any man loho is un-
heard and undefended ? A year aiter " trial " this accused
hap/K'ns to be allowed to briefly " explain," and behold the Mayor
and Sheriff declare him to be innocent !

m die. He said he did
3 going to die an iuuo-
ersuaded that the real

m^-

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

299

Tlie Mfiyor contiimos. — "I flrraly boliovo tlmt ivnr>thor did th« dccil."
•« I rofor you [th« dovoruor] to ox-ohiof JiiMticc — ami JikI^*' - wlio //-/»•/»
nlirni/x lionh/i'if /lis t/iiill. Uotli worn prcsout lit tlio trial, and followed tlio
ciitiit' case, and doi-larod that tlu) man nhould not bo oxecutt'd, that (iiitniui
is 711)1 l!ii' 111 iii'tleni:" . . . " Gionini hnd no i/fffmse."

Now, if Giouini had been released when it was found he
was innocent, he might have brought to justice, or at least ex-
posuro, the real criminals in the case— but the Governor was
bitterly opposed to thus being " troublesome " to the gang,
niul would therefore hold me to evidently screen th m from
justice, and this may be one of the reasons that Gionini is
being held. The real criminals may bclomj to the gang.

A company, composed partly of the prison contractors,
built a large sash and door factory at the prison. The prison-
ers were pleased at this — thinking they would then have an
opportunity to do over-work, and thus make something for
themselves, as is usual in such cases.

When it started up they were given tasks about equal to
wliat would be expected of journeymen, and were to be paid by
the piece for the over-work they might do. A lot of prisoners
were thus set to work, and it was remarked by outsiders, and
even officials, that they "never before saw a lot of inexperi-
enced men take hold of such ivork and machines with such
good will, ability and effect.

The works were thus manned with the exception of a fore-
man and a machinist. The company gave the contractors fifty
cents a day for each hand (the contractors getting seventy
cents besides from the Territory). But the prisoners were to
be humbugged and abused like the case of the cooper given
heretofore. They did their tasks and earned as much as
seventy-five cents a day besides. Therefore they were screwed
down and finally not allowed to exceed fifteen cents a day for
any amount of work, and this must be taken in grub, etc., out
of a little store that was higher-priced than others where they
wanted to buy. This ten to fifteen cents, however, added to
the regular prison fare, made the eating good enough for those
working in the factory. But they thought they ought to get
more than just suitable grub, inasmuch as the contractors were
getting seventy cents per day from the Territory, and they

''% . ■

!!■ il

'riHil!

ilr*

300

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

were earning $2 or $3 besides. And, moreover, they were often
forced out to work when ill, and some of the work was danger-
ous, so that several got mutilated, three loosing three and four
of their fingers, and never being in the least recompensed
therefor in time or otherwise, and were cruelly and poorly
treated and cared for, so that they suffered terribly. For ex-
jimple : The doctor (?) in trimming what was left of a mutilated
hand, sawed off the finger bones with a tvooil saw !

One or two foremen did all they could to have the men
treated right, but failing, quit the job— cursing the outfit as
earnestly as did the victims. A guard thus had a row with the
prison superintendent, and so earnest was he that he used his
pistol, firing several shots, but as he did not kill him, it did
but little good.

For various reasons there is no class of people as easily con-
trolled to do right as prisorvers. Therefore, whenever trouble
occurs with them it is safe to those who love the truth, to con-
sider their keepers as in the fault till the prisoners are given a fair
hearing in the matter. And when a keeper is killed by a pris-
oner, it is safe to those who love the truth, to consider that he
only got a small portion of the justice due such a cowardly
tyrant.

These factory hands went to work as before shown with a
good will to do good work, and as much of it as they could ;
and they recpxired no more over-seeing or watching than the
same number of free journeymen ; yet the officials were not
willing to treat them accordingly, because this would not
satisfy their infernal passions of cruelty, torture, and greed ;
which, of course, kindled a desire on the other hand to resent
and get even; I will give a few examples of how they would do
this : A man working an intricate machine said to a chum
near by, " I have been sick for two or three days, and ought
to lay off and take some medicine, but it is no use to ask the
devil of a warden, only to be insulted." Whereupon the chum
takes the butt of a spike, drives it into a piece of the others
material, and says : " Damn them, run that stick through your
machine and break it up, so you can lay off wliile they are get-
ting it fixed." And when the foreman and chum come running
up to see what the ra ^ket was, the sick-but-happy-man waa

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

301

cursing — with his mouth— "some one unknown to him who
must have a grudge against him," and " spiked the stick to get
him into trouble." And then, as he is laying oflf with me in
the hall, he mutters — from way down deep in his heart —
" G — d d — m them ! tliey ivouldwork me too into the grave, toouid
they ? "

And he was perfectly willing for the works to be buruoi'
into smoke and a train was laid to send it sailing to the sky.
When the prisoners were moved from Seatco, this man was
pardoned, and knowing him to be a good hand if treated right,
lie was induced to remain in the factory (which was then
being run with free labor) as assistant foreman of the works.

Pause and consider how, that it is often circumstances more
than the man, that makes the baleful criminal, or the success-
ful man.

Machine bearings were oiled (?) with sand and burnt.
Cans of oil, etc., etc., would have holes punched in them and
thus emptied. Light tools of all sorts and material were
thrown away and destroyed. A man, in marking out work,
would make little mistakes (?) of a quarter or a half inch —
enough to practically spoil the work— like prosecuting attorneys
and court clerks who thus make " errors " in an indictment or
bill of costs, to be used as a pretext for a new trial for one of
the gang, who says to his opponent : " If you follow me through
the courts, it will break you up ;" and it does. Who ever heard
of such errors (?) in favor of a Christian against a Mason or Odd
Fellow ?

Men loading the finished work into cars would give glaze('
doors and windows a farewell kick, and smash them.

The cedar dust was disagreeable to ail, and to some it was
very injurious ; and the boys wanted all of the windows opened,
but, for some pretext or another, this was refused. Con-
sequently when the foreman was out of sight, some one would
hurl a club and crash ! goes a window ; the foreman goes to-
wards the racket and crash ! goes another behind him, which is
ro})eated at intervals, until there was not a Avhole pane of glass
in the building to throw at, and they remained open until
winter.

;;.r

pr->Ov,:J ma;- 1-.3RARY

VICTORIA, B. C.

!ii

h '

- i

302

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

Sometimes they would strike, that is more or less of them,
and take a siege of bread and water.

One morning there was a row at the factory ; a man had
been put on bread and water for refusing to run a certain
machine, unless his irons were removed, he having to use his
feet, and it was dangerous. So a part of the boys were refusing
to go to work, unless he was released. The warden was sent
for and started to take d<nvn the names of those who had struck
— telling them to separate from the others, for him to "put
them below " (on bread and water).

There was a new comer present, who was not taking any
action, so the warden said, " are you into this." " I don't know
what the trouble is about, but you can count me in with the
boys that are striking, I guess they are right and I will stand
in with them." And he did.

Finally, after several attempts were made to burn the
business down, and finding that they were bound to succeed,
the company nearly dispensed with their services and they
were soon to be moved away.

Wherever the pardoning power is vested in the Governor,
he can always prevent or atone for any abuse of prisoners, and
he has other powers also, to protect them, and also the people
at large. But when he belongs to the gang, he need not be
expected to exercise the office honestly.

A prisoner shotiJd never h' removed from the county wherein he
tvas living and hnotvn; then he would continue to be known —
favorably or unfavorably, as the case might be — but he and his
conduct could then be truly known. And when ^e did not get
justice or was abused, he could make this knoivn also to the people,
WHO SHOULD HAVE THE POWER Inj tvritten expression oj two-thirds
of the voters in the county, to release a prisoner at any time; thus
making effective the right of j)etition, which blackleg Governors
spurn and over-ride, to enable secret midnight influences to prevail

Surely, there shotcld, he a security, THAT THE SOBER SECOND

THOUGHT or THE PEOPLE SHALL BE LAW !

And that this shall not be over-ridden by any little secret
gang, or a servile official.

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

303

Oh, Ye "Prison Reformers!"

Look ye here and learn sometJdiuj ! ! from cue who knows
whereof he speaks.

When iu prison, the prisoners shoukl be provided with
shop room to work in, and alloAved to buy and nse sneh hand
machinery and stock as they may desire, and to work for t/icin-
sdccn and attend to their otcn business. All such to pay the
ncrcssarij expense of their keeping from the proceeds of their
work.

Tradesmen would take in as partners those Avho were in-
experienced, but could furnish stock or outfit, and would em-
ploy as journeymen those who were both inexperienced and
poor.

And by attending to their own business, they would get
ahont full prices for their trork.

To assist them in doing so, would encourage honest in-
dustry and be a practical, honest, Christian charity; then they
could buy their ' tracts and flowers,' and even suitable food, care
for their families and have something to do with, and defend
themselves against the gang on their release.

They would establish brands and business reputations,
that would be as reliable and should be as much sought after
aiul patronized, as that of other business firms. And an inter-
est in such a name and business would sell better to the new-
comer or the old stayer, whose interest it would be to keep it
good.

It should l)e seen to that honest industry pays and that honesty
is made respectable.

The prisoner's rights should be precisely like those of
other men, except as to their confinement.

Punishment should be awarded only by a justice of the
peace, or higher court (toho should not belong to any secret, sworn
brotherhood), in open, public court ; and punishment not to ex-
ceed close confinement with bread and water diet.

Such a system, I know, is entirely practicable, and means re-
form to such prisoners as need reforming half as much as do
the courts, and also means a saving and security to the pt'ople.

However, be it known, that to reform most men, who need
reforming, it is first necessary that they be convinced that they

■Ml

111

'\ 7

,t i

304

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

I ^i.

i^i

are worse than other men, who are considered good enougli for
governors, judges, senators and even presidents, that are loaded
down with praises and power, and their false names and their
persons held sacred against justice, as meted out to better men,
when they are hiotvn to he venal, cruel and corrupt.

They reason that if honor depends only on success, and
dishonor only on failure to Lucceed, and the worst devils are the
most successful, then why should they reform ?

Men, who are really bad, are often so after much study anrJ
consideration and experience in the world, and while some have
gotten to be governors, judges and senators, others are quite as
successful in villainy with a sandbag ; while others again, not so
bold, cunning or lucky, get into prison. Still these have hopes
that they will yet be as cunning, bold or lucky as the others,
who are enjoying success, and frequently declare that " there
are men working and saving up stakes for them to take when
they get out."

Now don't you see, that, to change their course in life,
there must be an outspoken, active voting sentiment and power
that shall make virtue, industry and honesty rcspectahle and
successful — even in the courts! — and that will make vice, idle-
ness and dishonesty disgraceful and a failure— even in the
courts and at the polls ?

That they must be assured, that, if they honestly labor,
they can reap and enjoy the just fruits thereof themselves!
And that, what they may win by honest toil, they shall have a
right to defend, and shall not be pillaged of it ; nor of their
liberty !

But this cannot be done, while they know that so few
wholly escape from the gangs of midnight conspirators, that
liove a den in nearly every county, to prostitute the courts and
oilier functions of government, to over-ride the will of the
people and pillage all they can throw down in the way ; and
when they can put their fingers on so many victims who have
earned and won so much by hard and persistent toil, only to
be robbed and ravaged and looted, and held to languish in
prison with no one " working and saving up stakes " for them
when they get out. For these there is nothing but bitter deso-
lation !

\i'\

How TO Run a Reform Prison.

305

There are some who would practice virtue and live the
goldeu rule only because it is rigid to do so, whether they
" succeed or fail," live or languish. But they are unsought,
undefended and unsung.

Nothing desired by prisoners need be excluded from a
prisoner except whiskey, opium and cards. Steel and iron and
the opening of letters does not keep prisoners from breaking aivay.
A phial of acid and an old case knife will let a prisoner out of
any cell ; and any one having practical friends on the outside
cau, in one way or another, get these. Guards are all that
holds prisoners who want to break away. And a single night-
watchman prevented any such escape for over eight years at the
Seatco Bastile, and he slept so much that his snoring was a
nuisance. The prison was of wood, and all the tools of a
hiacksmith shop, a farm and a factory were accessible to the prison-
ers, and any one could have a case knife that wanted it.

Not more than fifty per cent, of prisoners need any gicarding
at all, and if dealt with honestly and generously, not more than
tiventy-Jive per cent, ivovid break away if they could. Not that
they are willing slaves and satisfied, but because they dread
being fugitives, and want to get out right.

October 1, 1883, Washington Territory legislature assem-
bled. And this from the Governor's message :

" The penitentiary at Seatco contains seventy-three per-
sons. ■

The cost of their maintenance for the past two years has
been thirty-three thousand dollars."

[The number of prisoners at that time was not seventy-
three but sixty-seven. But it is reasonable to suppose that the
brother contractors were drawing pay for the six extra that the
brother Governor allowed them, which would amount to $1,533
a year, and for nine years $13,797. If there was no censorship
over a prisoner's correspondence, such errors (?) would never
occur. There were men in prison for long terms for stealing
only a few dollars.]

His Excellency continues. — " The management is judicious
and firm, very properly tempered with kindness." [Kindness !]

" The prisoners have general good health, and but few
20

: I

' rfi

< i

r n

|1^'

mi 1 -i

30G

A PiLGRIMAOE IN HeLT-

. "(i

iiiil

'i h'

III Iiiil

deaths have occurred." [He does not tell how some of them
died, or the number.]

" When seriously sick they are placed in tie hospital, have
good accommodations, nursing, and excellent medical atten-
tion." [I have heretofore described the hospital (?), and given
examples of the " nursing " and " excellent medical attention "
that the sick in reality did get.]

" They are provided with abundant food in suitable variety,
ample clothing and ordinary sleeping cells."

[He ought to be fed on such grub the rest of his life, and
wear light cotton clothing all the year round, which he says is
" ample." ]

" They [the prisoners] are generally well disposed in con-
duct." [Then why did he not give them " generally " the
rebatement of time provided by law on account of the same ?]

" And not a few of them give evidence of a desire to be-
come good citizens." [How could they help it with such " vir-
tuous " examples before them ?]

"Moveable sh^-ckles have been introduced and used in
many cases to the comfort, benefit and satisfaction of the con-
victs, who remove them at meal time, at night, and on Sun-
days." [That is many who had not been wearing any irons
before were now made " comfortable," satisfied," and " bene-
fitted," by their use.]

" In the out of door system of labor [which he favored] it
is considered unsafe to dispense with the riveted shackles
in view of the additional temptation and facilities for escape
incident to the new irons, but in any cases where they can be
safely used they are always applied."

[The laiv in regard to this matter of the preceding legis-
lature, meaning to "forthivith do moay with the riveted irons,"
and which himself recommended with his mouth and pen, and
oflScial seal, had been 'practically ignored, and the foregoing is
the Governor's excuse for the crime of torturing better men to
pr+ money into the contractors' pockets. They were getting
•V rates for keeping the prisoners without their labor ; yet
Cr^'vernor ignored, violated tlw latv, and favored their keep-
iag il Av victims in heavy douUe irons, night and day, all the
finie, end .'-v,' (Jiey hul to sleep i.: 'Jieir clotJiesfor years I And this

Kow TO Run a Reform Piiison.

307

to onable the contractors to more securely and with less guard*
cuiu their heart's blood into money !

And, moreover, did the irons on the men with the guard
who fell asleep, hold them from escaping (?) : Certainly not.
It was the little humanity exercised by the guard. These
prisoners had axes in their hands to cut and break off their
irons, and a rifle and pistol at their feet to defend themselves ;
they were in the woods and the guard was asleep ! Yet his
Excellency says officially in his message, that " in any cases
where they can be safely used they [the moveable irons | are
always applied." Sai/ ! would any one but a tyrant iron such
prisoners at all ?

Even men confined to their beds with sickness were in
double irons, and when the prisoners were moved away from
this secret hell, these very ones were accorded all of their
short time, as no bad conduct had ever been charged against
them. Such was the real " kindness " and " nursing " (?) of the
Governor and company. And the victims who so horribly suf-
fered have a right that the truth he knotvn.

The message continues. — " Moral instructors have been
appointed, and have discharged the duties imposed faithfully,
and Avith decidedly satisfactory effect."

[Yet they had no influenyi to reform any of the abuses or to
liberate prisoners whom they knew to be innocent.

" Those lives which you have labored to destroi/."]

" I have," says the Governor, " issued but few pardons
save under the statute allowing rebate of five days to each
month for good behavior upon the recommendation of the
superintendent." [Now, instead of his stating that the super-
intendent ivas always one of the contractors or their hand, and
was loth to recommend seventy cents a day besides the labor
out of their pockets, and that the law Avas therefore a humbug,
needing to be changed as according to it, nearly all of the
prisoners' conduct was bad, as he chose to be governed by the
superintendent who was " the doctor, Governor, and the late," he
said the following stuff : " This law is most salutary, inspiring
good conduct with hope of reward which is always recognized
by the pardoning power."

1; . JiHK i i' k U

308

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

[Other States had laws securing a rebatement of about
one-third of the time for good conduct ; and after the prisoners
were finally taken from the contractors such a law was passed
for them. But while the gang were getting big pay or rather
plunde)'— out of the prisoners and people, the Governors were
satisfied with the old law which was no benefit at all to the
prisoners and people, as the prisoners got no more short time
after its passage than before. Most Governors can give as
much short time as they please, with or without any special
law. Sometimes prisoners are released by the Governor hfore
ilici/ reach the prison at all, as has been seen. I thus crJl at-
tention to the mere gabble and deceit, and rot of " great (?)
state papers." " What fools we mortafs be ? "]

The " State paper " continues. " The present contract for
confining', guarding, and boarding of the prisoners will expire
on the first day of August, 1884, and before your successors
assemble ; it will bo necessary for you to provide for future
contingencies at this session. The present contractor has ful-
filled his ohJigation to the Territory honorably and efficiently, lias
been at much expense in building the prison [with but one
door], and stockade [of wood that the prisoners did] and pro-
viding other necessary appliances [what were they?], has valu-
able experience and is worthy of your considerate attention, if
he presents a proposition to renew the contract."

[Could any contract slave-trader plead his own case any
better than this ? The prison, etc., cost about $4,000 ; ami
those six paper prisoners alone would amount to $13,797 !

It is a wonder that he did not recommend that the " hon-
orable " contractors be paid $15,000 for the loss (?) of the work
of those absent or paper men.]

" A law of Congress provides that all Territories, except
Washington, shall have as a donation the United States pris-
ons located within their respective domains, upon their admis-
sion, as States. In view of this remarkable exception against
us, I suggest that you petition Congress to give us the prison
at McNeil's Island at the proper time, which, if secured, vill
aflford an economical solution of the subject for the future."

[This could have been gotten for $36,000 at the outset. ;
thus effecting a saving to the Territory of over $125,000 while

How TO Run a Refoum Piuson.

309

these contracts were running, and over $125,000 more expended
iu the prison at Walla Walla, as the prison on the island could
be easily self-supporting and without using a single iron of
any description <«r any other brutality. But the masonic com-
mittee of the legislature^, reported, on examination, that " it was
unsafe to keep primnet-.s" So the}' paid their brethren, with the
people's money, hotel rates and their labor, to board and guard
the prisoners, and furnish such a safer (?) place that they kept
them in double i^'ons night and day, all the time to hold tlwrn !

Is it not a burning outrage that such a gang of traitors and
bribe-takers should be in office, and so fixed with the " good
judiciary," that under the shadow of official authority the}- can
murder, ravage and suck the heart's blood of their victims with
impunity, and go pic-nicking with their plunder — these conquer-
ing and crowned criminals ! And they have passed a law vir-
tually making it a " crin}£. " for anyone to show up their crimes
to the people. And the courts virtually hold that their " per-
sons and feelings are sacred," and that they " cannot be guilty
in law of crime to be punished as other men," and that " out-
siders have no rights or feelings that they must respect."

Frmn the Press : " The Seattle He)'ald recently accused the Argus of
purchased silence in the matter of the penitentiary at Seatco, but makes
ameiuh honorable editorially in the foUo^nng language :" "Our state-
ment made in a recent issue of the silence of the Argus on the question of
the necessity of investigation of the officers of the penitentiarv' is with-
drawn. The Argus, as its rule is, gives its indorsation (at least to the extent
of quotation) to our efforts to expose an abuse of authority which is simply
a disgrace to our coast, and a reflection on the ci^•ilization which we are
proud to think characteristic of this countiy — even if we are far west."

"Ckuel." — " From members of the legislature the Seattle Chronicle
learns of a state of affa-^s at the penitentiary that demands immediate and
f uU investigation. The prisoners are clothed in the lightest Bort of appareL
Their i)auts are usually dimgeree, and they have but the single pair. One
man stated that he had had but one jmir of j^ants in thirteen months — the
time he had been there. "When they work out and get wet, their clothes
dried on them in bed. The heaviest irons are used — one man wealing
twenty-live pound shackles for a number of years, but now they are seven-
teen pounds. These shackles are never taken off — are worn night and day
nntU the men step out free."

The Tacoma Ledger said : " It is not at all surprising that [the gang]
is opposed to the construction of a Territorial penitentiary . . . .The failure to
b.iild one might mean much money in the pocket of [tlie gang] . . . .China-

■liii

310

A PiLORIMAOE IN HeLL.

1 'W

men worked for ninety cents a day and were driven from the countrj'.
[The gang] biro ont their slaves for fifty cents a day, and persons claiming
to be enemies of cheap labor would aid in the perpetuation of this syu-
tern."

" TJw Penitentiary." — "From time to time reports have oozed out
from the ponitentiaiy at Seatco. They have not varied much. The tesli-
mony coming from that sequestered place of confinement has swept in
general scope the same field, and laid practically the same charges at the
door of the management of that institution. Two years ago the members
of the legislature visited Seatco, and at that time, here and there, it was
said that the treatment of the inmates was of a sort better adapted for the
care of animals than human beings. It is a system wrong in principlo,
and doubly ho in practice. It opens the door for the entrance of personal
greed of gain, cruelty, and neglect of men so kept. . . .Against the manage-
ment at Seatco the charge is made that the jjrisoners are not properly fed,
are miserably clothed, and are often punished when there is not the slight-
est reason for it. It is natural that a contractor should desire to ina'.c all
he can out of his contract [but it is always in the i)ower and province of
the Governor to prevent any abuse] . They form sufficient basis for a far
more rigid examination of the manner in which the institution is con-
ducted. Hitherto the inspection has been no better than none — not so good
in fact. The members of the legislature visiting Seatco have simply com-
plied with the letter and not the sjiirit of the laws — abuse and crimiual
neglect should be prevented. Let the legislature make a careful exaniiua-
tion of the treatment of the piisoners at Seatco, and know from i)ractical
observation that the cupidity of contractors, and the natural thirst for
cruelty, which is the usual result of absolute iJower, do not over-leap the
line of simijle justice."

As TO THE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE AT STEILACOOM,
WASH. — His Excellency (?) in his message says : " Personal obser\-ation
and a study of the reports satisfy me that the affairs of thsHosijital for the
Insane have been managed in an intelligent, humane antl economical man-
ner, by the Board of Trustees, also that the medical and hygienic treat-
ment have been eminently skillful and successful, and the general super-
vision careful and thorough."

An Inmate at the time writes. — " The patients are not guilty of

crime but are often over-worked. Brutal treatment is not the kind of
usage which the government intended, this institution is conducted by
brute force. The government of this institution is a failure. Profane and
obscene language, that I never before heard of a parallel, is used by the
wardens with one single exception. In conclusion I would state that tlio
tax payers of Washington tenitory have a right to know of the dark and
dreadful scenes that I have witnessed — the beating of patients for no just
cause, that the heart sickens when wo reflect that the records of barbarism
fail to produce a parallel to this infamous treatment of innocent men,

How TO Run a Refohm Piiison.

311

le miinage-

giiilty of no crime, and left withonl redrens, irho ure, thrfuli^ied it'illi smiifen
(tnd terrible peuidtirs if they rereal tJie/ttds in tiiii/ case irfmlerer. J linlifNe
ill an almighty and merciful providence ; I resorted to that Hoiice, and
from that I received courage to divulge the base conduct of those en-
trusted with the caro of those unfortunate patientH. I am only doing
wliat my ccmHcience dictates. The fear of man is not worthy of a s«-rion8
aud candid thought."

(teo. W. Sloan.
Fmm the Press. — '■' A(ljtui(/e(l Insane". "Two inquests in lunacy
were held in the Probate court yesterday. [Blank | and (ieo. ^Vhite were
adjudged insane, and committed to the Asylum. In the ca.se of the latter
a trial was demanded and granted. In tlie course of the eviden»-e "it
came out " that White was laboring under the delusion that a cimspiracy
hud been fonued against his lift>, aud he accordingly went armed to the
U'fth, and kept a crmstant lookout for his supposed enemies. A bowie
knife aud revolver were taken from his person. Judge [Blank] considered
liim an unsafe man to be at large, and gave judgment accordingly."

[RKFiiECT ! that with control of the courts, press, and secret
"asylums " (?), how easy it would be for the gang to thus put
a victim out of the way, when, after conspiring against his life
and property, they find that he is aware of their job and has
armed himself accordingly for his defense. Such conspiracies
(ire often ?'crt? and not a " delusion" a.t all — as the remains of so
■many victims sea'eUy murdered, and the wrecks of many homes
are witnesses. And this Judge most likely had a pistol in his otvn
pocket at the time, to kill somebody.

As example of how victims are shanghaied from other
States, to be buried alive in living tombs where the " manage-
ment is so * humane ! and careful ' (?) to keep them from ' making
trouble.'"

I give the following from the Pi-ess : — "V. ... B. . . . is thrice more
sane than her tormentors, and she is unjustly held in the Steilacoom
asylum. The idea that she should be held there in soUtaiy confinement to
prevent her from exposing a villain, while he is allowed to run at large in
this Statt is i)reposterotis. Eveiy disinterested person who has visited

V B. . . . Avillingly states that they believe her to be sane. A physician

■who was called expressly to see her, scorns tl>» idea that she is not in her
riprht mind, and if her friends d»»sire t'^. do her justice, let them comply
with the demands of the poor girl, and have her examined thoroughly by
two or three physicians, and not entice her away into a strange land, have a
secret examinatiou, and then, before she knows what is the matter, have hex
locked in a cell. "

"■■

;si

rip

M m I'll

312

A PlIXIRIMAOE IN HeIX.

". .Why waH it, that in OHtahlishinp hor insanity, two common kiborinp
men, whom V. . . 11 ... never saw in lier HlV hofore^aH she statcH — wen*
brought forward to testify, when she was examined in Wasliiugton
Territory as to her sanity; and who was the physician wlio eondneted tliiit
examination V It wouM he interesting to the people to know. If tliey
were to go to Hteilacoom and there see the tears course down the cheeks of
a poor girl, liear her Hnpi)lieations for deliverance from her enemies, and
listen to her sensible talk on all subjects, a visitor n.ight suggest, thcv
would i)erhaiis change their opinion in relation to the matter. V ...
15. . . . asks only for an honest examination, and a, jmh/ic one ; at the haiids
of physicians selected by disinterested parties, and she slumld have it. It
will d(J no harm to her, and will satisfy the jmblic mind."

Were it not for the law (heretofore given) forbidding cen-
sorship as to her out-going letters, howtvotddthe "jmhllc niiud"
become interested to care about her fate ; she was thus enabled to
make her case known, to gain friends, when the press outside o/
the territori/ {and gang) agitated and plead her cause. And so
the paper {Portland Mercury, of September 16, 1883) continues:

"As the case now stands, the girl has friends, and is getting them by
the score every day, and if Lawyer [Blank] does not want a hornet's nest
of public opinion around his ears, he will come to the front, and not only
enlighten the jjeople as to how he managed to get her into the in.sano
asvlnm, but who i)aid the bills and who gave the medical examination.
V. . . . li. . . . from the ai»pearance of things is unjustly detained at tlus
Steilacoom asylum [with its "liuvidne <ind cure/id (iiid thoroiKjh " manage-
ment !] and if those she is calling on, do not come to her assistance, she
will go wild with grief itud become a maniac to a certuinti/." [Maui/ are

thus MADE INSANE.]

[When the legislature met, one of the members, disregard-
ing the Governor's message as to the "humane and careful
management " of the institution, was instrumental in having
the girl released, and she went forthwith to work, si-tting type
in a printing office— so she was not very insane; the "good
judiciary " and Governor to the contrary notwicb .standing.

No prison should ever be entrusted to men who love dark-
ness and mystery better than light and truth.

No doubt there were, and are at this very time, ichen yov are
reading this, many innocent and sane victims there, as well as
elsewhere ; for brutal I'eepers could 2)revent them from maldmj
their cases knoivn in spite of the la iv to the contrary. And even

How TO Run a IjKFoiiM Puihon.

313

llil.s Govvrnitr was, by a HUCTosHor, rocomniPiulod to the lef^is-
liiture, for A thuhtee to this veuy iNsrrrrTioN.

// should hr tiiiiilc hi/ hill' DEATH ON HKiHT, to any otHcial
sqiiolehinf^ any prisoinn-'s case from i\w public. Ami a majori-
ty of the voters of auy couuty nJtoidil he vnipoirvred Inj lair to rc-
ka-se a prisoner from an a.si/luni ; and two-thirds from any other
prison.

There are societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals;
will not the plaintive wails of human suttering find any willing
and earnest ears ?

SiivH tlio Portland, Orogon, Xfws:—"A. prominent man of Cliihalis,
Wiishin{;tou Territory, who is in the city, says that many pernons aro sent
to tlu^ iusaue asyhini ut Steihicooni who aro as sane a» those who ooinniit
tliom. Au investigation wouUlbe justice to those who are endeutly victims
of oilicial ignorance."

[Ignorance (?) is it ? Then let the- people judge !]

Once ngniii : — "James Balch waa ilischarged from the asyhim at
Stoilacoom on the 18th iust. [1888] on avvrit of hal)eas corpus. He has been
uu iinnate of the asyhim for five years, and claim.s to have been i>erfectly
saue all the time."

ExpEUT TESTIMONY. — " In the case of a woman, who had been confined
two years in the asylum, five experts testified that she was ])erfectly sane,
and that her confinement as a lunatic was an outrage; but those who were
iutoro'sted in keeping her shut uj) brought forward five other exjjerts who
swore that she was crazy and imfit to be at large. This illustrates the
usual eti'ect of expert testimony by which courts and juries are bewildered
and rendered inca2)able of rendering just decisions.

Under the practice which commonly prevails in the trial of insanity
and jiatent cases, and suits fordamages for bodily injury, experts are hired
to give an oi>inion for the side on which they are employed. They are
advocates rather than witnesses, and their eraijloyment as such is one of
the most notorious abuses that now flourish in our courts."

As TO THE Territorial University, the Governor, in his
message, has never a loord to say as to the wholesale stealing
by the Masons, of the lands helomjimj to it, though he asks that
the legislature appropriate the people's money to run this
looted institution ; and looted with impunity ! And he says,
" Five thousand and fifty-seven acres of University lands, as
donated by Congress, have not yet been selected."

['II

r '

1' *

f
IP

s«if

314

A Pilgrimage in Hell.

Frovi the Presn : — " The number of acres (of University lands) still
remaining inselected is only 500 or GOO, instead of 5,000, as reported by
Governor [Links]. Some years ago 7^,000 acres of clioice timber land
were picked out by a commission, and set aside for the benefit of a Univer-
sity. The land is all gone with the exception of some 500 acres, and
nothing to show for it, but a modem structure that cost about $10,000;
and the land on Avhich it stands goes to other jjarties should the Cni-
vcvsity ever be moved. Would it not be well for the people of the Queen
City to investigate this matter and see where the $250,000, now due said
Territorial University, have gone ? And yet, in the face of all this, Seattle
[and the Governor] jjersists in asking the legislature for an appropriation
each session, to keep it from being rented out for a lodging house. There
has been a viystery hanging over our Territorial University since its found-
ation, and it has never been a credit to our people and Territory. No
doubt, the time will come when an investigation will be called, and the true
inwardness and condition be known."

[The ring press called this Governor's message a •' Great State Paper."
And the secret brethren could afford to do bo.]

CHAPTER XVII.

Prison experience, continued. — My personal efforts and that of my frienila
for my roluase from the Bastile, for some kind of a trial, and for only
a resijectful hearing. — The result, etc. — "Truth wears no mask, bows
at no human shrine, seeks neither place nor ajiplause, she only asks a
hearing." — Letters of my wife ; governors, judges, and various other
persons, and correspondence. — Petitions, recommendations, etc., etc.,
how thev were treaied, etc. , etc.

;at State Paper."

Soon after my arrival at Seatco, I addressed a letter to tlie
Governor, giving him a concise statement of my case and situa-
tion. I begged him to investigate the matter, and gave him
reference as to the same, so that he could do so with very little
trouble. I also asked him to state to me what showing and
proof and kind of petition he would require to release me.

But he would not even answer my letter.

He was a Freemason ring man, so what did he care for me
or mine, so long as none of the secret brethren complained ?

I was bringing into the gang seventy ceuls a day besides
my labor, and my home and family were being ravaged ; which
condition of cruel persecution and pillage was entirely satis-
factory to his Excellency (?).

I had approached him in a very civil, open, frank, honest
way, without any mystic signs or middleman of secret intrigue
and corruption. I simply wanted a respectful hearing, and for
him to correct a brutal, corrupt, and hellish outrage, which by
his official oath lie was stvorn to do. i'et ht fipurned me evin a
hearing ! His time being about out, it was not thought possi-
ble that another such as he would be appointed. He had been
in office when the infamous, brutal swindle of a contract jcb ivas
done, and the Seatco Bastile established ; therefore it was not to
be expected that he had any heart, humanity, or sense of
justice.

"You disdained an'"* wiinced viy justice, and turned aside and
wounded with a stab my honest pride — to repress the mauly swelhug in
my breast."

As it \jras thus evident that nothing good could be accom-

(«15)

31G

Stuuggling for Liberty.

' f

Ell l>

' ' „ ''^ i

plislied with him, my friends delayed getting up petitions until
the new Governor would take his seat. This was the " Galli-
nipper," who was soon after ivards appointed, but hv, did not
arrive to assume the office until late in October, (1880).

Meanwhile and afterwards, my wife and others wrote as
follows :

" Home, July 26, 1879.

Deak Husband : — I received your letter last oight ; your advice is
good as it always is, and has always been, and I will try very hard to pro-
fit l)y it ; but there are many disadvantages to contend with, more es-
pecially to be obliged to borrow money to save our home from being
swept away, and all of us left homeless ; but your attorneys shall not have
our home they tried so hard to get : they, who undertook to defend you,
and extorted all of our means, and then gave you away without even an
effort to save you. Those Avhom I have talked to about it say, that "of
all the tiials they ever heard of, this beats anything yet;" not even one-
half of your witnesses used. It is the most unjust affair ever recorded,
and if the Governor could only get to know the whole trulh, you would be
sent home at once. Neighbor after neighbor sj^eak of the injustice you
have to suffer, and say that you were " such a good neighbor " to live by.

Even Mr exclaimed, to a company who were discussing the outrage

you are suffering : "I am an old man, and can say that I never lived by
a more honest, upright man, and kinder neighbor than he, and he was the
same to all as he was to me."

And, my dear husband, there is not that person living who can say

ought against you, and tell the truth

but do not blame me, George, and when you think of it, "think tender-
ly of me, for I am travel-worn — my feet are pierced Avith many a thorn
when dreamless rest is mine, I shall not need the tenderness for which I
long to-night.

If I shoTxld die to-night, you would call to mind — with loving thought
some kindly deed my icy hand had wrought — some gentle word my frozen
lips had said — errands on which my willing feet had sped. The memory
of my selfishness and pride, my hasty words, Avould all be put aside, and I
would rest forgiven of all to-night." Effie."

"August 5th, 1879.
.... I just received your letter. Children are all in bed, and I am here all

alone to-night ; would to God I was with you Mr. S. .was here to-day,

he says that every one says that your attorneys did not defend you at all ;
he says come to him and he will work with and assist me in making tl; "
truth known to the Governor. And Mt. B . . . . told me the same. P . . . .
and H . , . are very warm friends. I have a good deal of confidence iu
Mr. H. . . for he is a very smart man and well posted in law, and Lis
advice is the same </.< i/ours ; . . . had you got justice you would have been

;|-

Thrilling CoRREsro' oence.

317

)ns until
" Galli-
did not

wrote as

^79.

• advice is
ircl to pro-
more es-
rom being
11 not have
jfencl vow,
nt even an
, that "of
t even one-
■ recorded,
1 would be
justice you
' to live by.
;he outrage
ler lived by
he was the

lio can say

ink tendor-
my a thorn
>r which I

|ng thought

my frozen

lie memory

^aide, and I

Effie."

[879.

lam here all

|ore to-day,

^•ou at all ;

oakiug tl)'-'

lie. r . •

Lfidcnco iu

Iw, and his

have been

cli'iiri'd at i)reliminarj' trial, but they don't go according to law here I

enclose children's pictures. ... I can only say he i/oxr oini ileur scl/, and yon
will be all right; . . . write often, for if you expect me to live, you must not
forget that I live only on cheering words from you; your letters to me are
as some life-saving boat to a drowning man, . . . and now good night. 'We
miss thee at home, i/os, we miss thee — there lingers one gloomy shade
round me that only your presence can light. ' Your loving wife,

Effie"

"Home, September 28, 1879.
Inez and Clyde have been sick, and May is unw ell. I am about the

same ' Leave nie not yet — leave me

not cold and lonely ; leave not the life that borrows from thee only, all of
delight and beauty it hath. Tell me not time (whose wing my brow has
shaded), has whithered si>ring'8 sweet bloom within my heart. Ah, no ;
the rose oi Li'jc is yet unfaded, though hope of joy, its sister flower,
dei'r.H. Lt;r v -ne not, my human teacher, lonely and lost in this cold
water oi onru. iieaven knows, I need thy music and thy help, still to be-
guile me o". xuy weary way. To lighten to my soul the cares of dutj-, to
charm ir.y wild heart in the worldly revel — lest I too join the aimless, false
and vain. Let me not lower to the soulless level of those whom now I pity

and disdain. Oh, fly not to Heaven, or let me share thy flight. '

Effie. "

" October 29th, 1879.

.... I have been very sick. I am so tired, and worried to death nearly.

I only hope to live to circulate petition, and to succeed in seeing you

home once more, and if I fail, death will be a ■welcome messenger. I

aui so tired of seeing our property going, that we worked so hard for.

Effie."

My Deab Hush vnj> :
Sunday, I thought I to, '1
l)ut gain strength so ^'ow. .
Clarence lia8go::ie tochurcli

"Home, November 3d, 1879.
I vrote you a few days ago, but this being
y.ite you a long letter. I am getting better,
Itmi ' ,ell en ugh to walk out to the granarj'.
. 'I'm 'arrie. . . .IfoumlMr. J. . . . the same true
friend — upholding you in everything I will get Mr. B . . . . [an eye wit-
ness to the fight] to sign a statement, same as he told Mr. B . . . . , Mr.
H . . . . and others after the fight. And Avill also get them to send a state-
ment of the same ; will also have; Mr. and Mrs. H. . . . send to the Governor,
what Mrs. [Jumper] said [Juniper] said when ho left the house with bis
nun [to murder me]. I will also get peopl(> here to write to the Governor
that they believe ]\I' . . swore to a lie as to you luiN-ing threatened [Jum-
per] , as many hav-: ** .icHsed tlienisolves so, and he tells difl'erent and con-
flicting stories yet tt!i."»!,l it. [This was the only neighbor not on my
petition]. L. . . . told \i!* right after the fight that 'it Avas a mystery to

M '

■ ''(I

t ,f

318

Stuugglino for Liberty.

him why the first shot did not kill na both, ' — and that at his (Jumper's)
second shot, ' Mr. France Avonhl never have known what killed him, if I
had not stnick down the mnzzle of the gun, as it was aimed jjast me at
his heart. ' B . . . . also told the same story, and he told me that yon ' was
not to blame, that y oil did just right,' [which is the verdict of all who

knoAV my case, except thieves and members of the gang] The

children are all well, but Clyde has been sick. Inez is a great, big girl and
pretty as a j^icture — hair just as curly. May is growing verj' fast and is
almost boss of the place. Clarence is also growing fast. You would hardly
know me. I am so jjoor — am very tired, and as you see verj' nervous. I
expected to be able to see yoii this fall, but money is so scarce [the bmtul
traitors and thieves were spending it for wliiskey and other vices] . But
I will be there after you some of t'li'se days — soon as I can get around to
it. Your : vinry ^nfe, Effie."

•ME, February 1st 1 »"':'.
My Dear Husband : — Everything ii.. . been a whirl of excitement and

trouble I have been so sick, and mother was buried a week ago

yesterday and failure to raise money when due, all combined

Judge W. will not now sign petition, as he and the Governor are enemies;
and says, that ' to sign it, while he is Governor, would only prolong your time,

as he would pay no other attention to his signature in your favor. '

I can speak above a whisiier only part of the time. The children are well
and having a big play Y'^our own loving wife, Effie."

" Home, April 4th, 1880.

Mr. N . . . . sends me word that he had written to you [the

letter was squelched, as was T^sual] and says that he will use all the influ-
ence he has in your behalf. Mr. H. . . . says the same also

Effie."

" Home, May 4th, 1880.
. . . .George, I now hope to see you soon, if all things are as we now
expect. . . .1 wish I could just step in for you to-night. Babies are all asleep
and well — Clarence and May started for school to-day .... We think that
Judge W. . . . will now sign petition. [Note. — But while the Judge said
he would not o])pDf9 my pardon at any time, he maintained that " it was
no part of his business to solicit any man's restoration, that this is the
Governor's province, and for him to exercise whenever it appears proper
to do BO."] . . . .Enclosed find locks of Clidie's and Inie's hair. Alsoc<)i)yof
letter from Bro. O. . . . and Mr. H . . . . with his i)etition, the other has not
come yet Effie M. Fp-ance."

" April 1st, 1880.

My old Friend George. — Enclosed find petition of such represen-
tative men of Ulster county, N. Y., who knew your father's family of their
own personal acquaintance; and our representative in Congress then secur-

Thrilling Correspondence.

319

Fiimper's)

him, if I
last me at

yoii ' was
)f all ■vvlia

Tlie

ig girl ami
fast anil is
ukl liardly
lervoiis. I
[the brutal
ices]. But
b arountl to

Effie."

itement ami
a -week ago

)ined

ire enemies;
ig your time,

or.'

Iren are well
Effie."

1880.

to you [the

lall the influ-

Effie."

1880.
[e as we now
are all asleep
\e think that
Jutlge said
Ithat " it was
It this is the
[jears proiior
Alsooopyof
Uher has not
France."

1880.
Lch repreaen-
Imily of their
Is then secur-

ed some signatures, outside of Ulster county, that I don't know, except by
renutation.

I would be glad to do anything in my power for you, knowing that
von were always right wlien here, and we have no doubt as to the situation
of the affair out there.

Do not get tliscouraged ; an honest man is the noblest work of God.
And any man who attempts to live honest, must meet just such trials and
dilHeulties as you have gone through, unless he will consent to buy his
peace.

Knowing your stiictly moral and honest habits and disposition from
childhood, I feel there must be some way for you to be restored.

Judge Westbrook said, he thought the President had the j^ardoning
power of a territory. Anyway, if pardon is denied by tlie Governor, have
petitions returned to you for future reference. [But the blackleg Govern-
ors would nertrr do thin.]

If there is anything I can do for you, please make it known and it shall
he done, if possible.

Still hoping for the best, I remain your true friend,

C. A. J. Hakdenbeboh,

Supervisor of the Town of Shawangunk, Ulster county."
[Afterwards Assemblyman.]

Wm. Lounsbebry, M. C, Ulster county.
H. Westbrook, Judge Supreme Court
Rob't a. Snyder, Sheriff, Ulster county.
Alton B. Reuben, Surrogate, "
Chas. a. Foster, Senatoi, "

Thos. E. Benebich, Member Assembly.
Peter D. Lefever, " "

J. M. Batley, " «•

Frederick Mills, " *•

E. M, Madden, Senator.
John H. Koqen, Teller.

Mr. H. had been justice of tlie peace for eighteen consecutive years,
and was all the time tlie most trusted representative of the people of his
section in various capacities.

I will here state that, which none but a thief and liar will
deny, that my good character and innocence of any crime from
the cradle to the gang's Bastile, was established as truly and
plainly as can any other man in this Territory, in or out of
prison, establish his. But only to find that I had less con-
sideration and security to enjoy the fruits of my honorable
toil and unflawed character, than did the blood-sucking shys-

K^i

ill:

iiii

I) m:

;M::r

320

Struggling for Liberty.

ters and robbers tlie fruits of their secret intrigue and crime.
"Moral distinctions die out of the minds of Avicked men.
They become incapable of moral judgment or of any sensation
of pity. The despoilers of homes seek tlia cover of night and
the protection of banded crime for their wickedness."

"When the meanest citizen is oppressed, the proudest
might well tremble. "

"Home, June 29th, 1880.
My Deak Husband : — . . . .Have been circwlating i)etition, bnt hear

that the Governor will not come out here [from the States] until fall ;

will complete it when we get ready to go to Olympia. [She gives the names
of ten persona as the only ones who refused to sign petition for my release,
and they were either members of the gang, or were ignorant of my case.]
' Three weeks ago I weighed 122 jiounds ; to-day 101 pounds. I have a
fever eveiy day . . .1 tell you we wiU go well prejmred to the Governor, with
strong petitions, etc. , etc. , and think it will be about the tirst of October.
Effie. "

"August 24th, 1880.
.... Children have the whooping ci . agh .... I am taking medicine for my
lungs — horehound honey, tar and rum — and I have to take for my liver
may-api5le-root, and then add to that bitters to strengthen and make me
eat. I get tired before I get around. [I had always kept my family and
myself in good health ^vithout drugs or doctors ; but such trouble is kill-
ing to those who innocently suflfer, though it be considered by the robbing
home ravagers as but paying sport to them. Indeed, the misery of their
victims is to them the essence of delight, and they think it tends to their
safety to break the health and spiiits of such as are best esteemed by
others for their virtue, and even to resolve upon their utter destruction. ]

"Home, September 19th, 1880.

There is yet seventy acres of grain to harvest,

this ninety acres on homestead is threshed

Wheat only thirty-five cents, delivered. [But hogs were a good
price, and I had my farm stocked to feed up all I could raise
on the Avhole 480 acres, which was mostly well fenced for the purpose. I
was fixed so that I could have made $1,500 to $2,000 a year clear. And
this I intended to invest mostly in stock each year, which with their in-
crease would, in a few years, amount to $50,000, which Avill give an idea
as to this, the least phase ol the ravage done me by the gang of robbers,
backed by a rotten government. Hogs were as high as eight cents ou foot,
but my large stock of them, together with my other stock and most every-
thing else, was sacrificed and wasted away by my situation, imtil my
family and affairs were swamped in a general wreck so that the midnight
conspirators could fatten on human misery and blood.]

Thrilunq Correspondence.

321

" December 20th, 1880.
As I Lave written you before I am not able to under-
take the journey to Olympia, bo I have written to the Governor explaining

why I do not go, and Mr. N and P have Avritten also ; and noAv

the petitions, etc., will follow the letters. I would much rather have
taken them to the Governor, but I cannot go, and trust that sending them
will do as well Epfie. "

"January 28th, 1881.

I am anxiously looking for some word from you, and we

look for you by the 10th of February if not sooner wiU meet you

iu Dayton I have so much to tell you get Clarence a knife,

Clyde a gun, and May and Inez each a doll [Think !] . . am so

nervous, could talk better than write. Believing you wiU be home inside
of two weeks, I will close and wait until I see yoii. I am waiting.

' Waiting, quietly waiting,

To hear his step at the door ;
Starting at eveiy murmur,

Striving to rest once more:
Stilling her heart's wild beating,

With hands clasped over her breast,
Praying for peace and i)atience,

Patience and peace and rest.

Long are the hours of dayUght,

Weary and dull and long ;
Life's work seemeth a burden

Hushed is her lute, her song :
Waiting, forever waiting,

For day to fade in the sky ;
Waiting for night's dark shadow

Which brings the loved one nigh.

Waiting Avith painful longing,

To lay his head on her heart ; '

Waiting, though knowing always.

That they must forever part :
Powerless now to resist it.

The love which unbidden has grown,
Like ivy — creeping and cUngiug —

In love round the granite stone.

Waiting without an effort

To cast his image afar ;
Looking at him as travelei-s

Look to the evening star.

\'H

t-r^'i '■,

'''M

i I

|-i*'?;t5'j ij'-

1
1 ;

1 ,

1:
II,

Is-f f

J! ■:

ii*ii

fti..i Jv

A >f ■ km

I i' I

SniUOGLING FOR LlBEUTY.

"NViiitiiif^, thoiifili kiioviiip; to-nioiTow
Will miito tliom — yon, for arc —

But waiting aiul hoping ami wishing
To see him ouce more to-chiv.'

Effie."

"Home, Frhruari/ lOtJi, 1881.

We are hourly expecting you homo, as the petitions, etc.,

etc., to the (lovomor were mailed the 18th of Januaiy, over thi'ee weeks

ago, ami you have probably received money ($'>0) If this is a

failure, b\it I cannot think it is, I shall see you in the spring, for I will go

and see you "nd the Governor myself Oh, George,

I am Avith you iu my dreams eveiy night and all the day I can do

nothing Tmt wait as patiently as I can They say, * George wiU

come as fast as he can. ' Oh, do not tarry a moment.

' All through the day, watching for you,
Though I am far away I avlU be near you ;
I cannot cheer you, yet I will stay,
I will be near you all through the day.

All through the day, seeking in vain.
Wings for the hours — weighted with pain
All things are drear — nothing is gay,
Yet I wiU be with you all through the day.

Worn is my frame, wan is my cheek,

Low are my accents, broken and weak,

Yet sweet to think of you all day,

And I will be A\-ith you, all through the day. Effie. "

From a friend Aisitiug my wife at this time :

"At your Home, February 10th, 1881.
Dear Friend : — We are looking eveiy time the dog barks to see if

you are coming I ahnost know the Governor cannot pass your

petitions by, but would be much better satisfied if Mrs. F. . . . had taken

it herself. Mr started a week ago to meet you, and we are hourly

looking for you. I am writing this and, at the same time, hoping you
may not get it till it returns. But if you are fated to stay there until
this may reach you, and it helps to pass a lonely moment, I shall consider

it was not Avritten in vain Children are calUug in as

they i)ass from school to hear if you have come and if you delay

longer than Saturday, I am afraid I Avill not have the pleasure to help
■welcome you to your own dear home and family.

Your friend, Mrs. F. G. M . . .

From a sister : — All of my people being in accord with
her as to my case, as are my friends also elsewhere ; none

THllILUNa CoRRESrONDEXCE.

323

of whom have been able to discover any fault of mine to
justify the robbery and persecution practised against me, and
are alike startled at the plain and evident fact, that a peace-
ful, law-abiding, well-to-do, respected citizen can be thus
shanghaied from his hard and well earned home, to be pil-
laged of his livelihood, liberty, love and happiness, and con-
demned to a horrible, lingering, tedious death, without re-
course that even a cannibal would get in his own country.

*' A Sislei''s ce<isele>is tears,

Needs no imploring, passionate appeal.^'

" September 19tb, 1879.

My Deab Brother : — If ever iu the world there

was a case of justitiable homicide, yours is clearli/ aud surely oue ; and to
me aud to us all, it is very strange the jury did not see it iu that Ught.
You certainly iDursued an upiight, straightforward course in the matter,

doing just what you should have done A strange community,

indeed, you must have been surrounded by to permit such work. But be
patient, by the time the upright portion of your community have time to
get their eyes open to a just sense of right and ■WTong, you will be par-
doned out"! M. J. S."

Everybody, except members of the gang, or those having
had experience, thought that just as soon as one s neighbors
who knew the man and the case best of all, should petition for
his restoration to them that the Governor was bound to act
accordingly : little did they think that the blacklegs would
spurn to even look at their petitions, when secretly opposed to
members of the gang.

"September 1879.

We would very much rather have you right and where you

arc than Avrong at home That L. . . . must have beeu a

very silly fellow to have lost his balance of mintl as he did. . . .you was
the oue [Jumper] was after, and L . . . . only an obstacle in his way ; and
just as soon as he could jerk the gun from him, of cottrse, you was .the
oue ho Avould have killed. . . .Yqu are mistaken aboi;t oue thing you wrote
to the Governor, 'that your children Avere di.sgraced ; ' now that is a very
mistaken idea ; had you committed a critne, then the case woitld have been
a veiy diflereut one. No, no, there is no such thing as disgi'ace about it
to you or yours. . . .Think of the Chishobn affair in Mississippi ? see how
much worse off — the Judge aud two children murdered. .. .and as I said
before, you must consider the class of men you had to deal with .... Your
stateuieut is just a straightforward thing, and I am glad you published it

: '3

Uil

i k

fflll

; ,i ■

«'Mra 1 ''

\-\

jH^ '^

■i. t'^

!i>;i

I ^!:*

I- r

i I.

324

Struggling for Liberty.

and BO are we all. . . .What a sbame to the Territory to allow Hucb work aH
liaa been enacted witb you. Your loving sister, M. J. S."

" December 28tb, 1879.

He wbo assaults auotber's life, by tbat action forfeits bis

own — tbe same may be allowed in defence of our property wben violence
is menaced .... Tbe verdict is a mystery to be solved .... Here, or in any
otber civilized community, tbe verdict would bave been "served the
^•illaiu rigbt." If a man's rigbts are no better protected tban tbat, it is a
very bad place to live M. J. S . . . . "

" March 9tb, 1880.

Do not tbink tbat truth and virtue is at discount in tbe world

because, by adhering strictly to these and other virtues — as in your case—
you be lodged for a season in prison ; that is no proof of those ^'irtnes
being Avrong ; they have triumphed in tbe past and will in tlie future,
and you Mill live to see it M. J. S . . . . "

"January 3d, 1881.
Deak Bkotheb : — Be patient, my boy, and you will not be there long,
and we wish tbe Governor to turn up something for you as a redress for

the wrongs you and your family have suffered And be

thankful also, George, tbat your children are spared to see you through,
and rindlcdted an you surely must be, as the truth, though crushed for a

time, will surely rise triumphant in the end. Trust in tbe Lord

M. J. S."

" March Ist, 1881.

You say all shall be compensated for their trouble for you.

Now, George, never repeat such an idea, we are simply doing our duty

and pleasure The deep symi^atby of our natures bound towards you

in your iinjust trotible, and there is nothing in our power tbat we wonlil
not do to extricate you from it We are all so anxious to hear the re-
sult of petitions, etc. We tbink of you day and night, you will ue\er
know how my mind revei-ts to you in all possible times .... may tbe Lord
bless tbe present efforts M. J. S . . . . "

"Junel5tb, 188L

How grieved we all are to hear of Governor [Links] course.

Dear me, Avhen will tbe end come ? we must trust to God and try to

look up through this black, dismal cloud in faith — knowing there is a
silver lining, though we are not able to see it yet. But, George, the silver

lining is surely there And now witb assurance that we will

do all in our power for your release M. J. S. . . ."

" February 16th, and April 8th, 1882.

I doubt not that in time all the mifsteries of your

unjust imprisonment will be unveiled I beUeve your being ecu-

Hllii N

1 !i'

ThUIIJ-INO CORRESrONDENCE.

325

tlncd — nnjuBtlj' tliongh it bo — saved your life fromthoso cnomips that rose
iij) HO vopomouHly against you, for thoy seonu'd tlotormiuod ou your de-
Htnu'tiou, and tliere is uo tclliug what means they ■\vouhl have used to

accomplish their foul ends Seo how Paul was persecuted, and

why ? It was uot for any wrong act of his, but because he was straight-
forward in doing his Christiau duty. Wo are very sony to hear of your

ill health Time ia a great restorer of rights, and avenger of wrongs.

Your neighbors and townsmen strongly petitioned for your re-
lease, but .... hiin very evideiillj/ been mrnqttit/ tampered with

M. J. S..."

Two of my witnesses had been controlled to testify when
ou the stand, that Jumper's carbine, at his second shot, was
aimed at n ly near companion (L — ) instead of at me, so that I
woukl be defending another man's life instead of my own. But
as they had from the fight and for about nine (9) months there-
after declared that the second shot was aimed at me, and there
being three men at Seatco who had been in jail with these two
witnesses, and had heard them very frequently say that "it
was aimed behind L — at me," I therefore desired to get their
affidavits, with those of other men, to establish this fact beyond
any dispute.

L — had forthwith after the fight so declared it, and in a
complaint for Jumper and partner's arrest, which he wrote out
himself, had also sworn that this second shot " was aimed past
him at me," and the other witness had always so stated it (and
DOES NOW, 1889) to even his wife, who never knew he had ever von-
tradicUd it tuitll I informed her after nitj reJea.se. " Why ! " she
said, " He always told me and others that the gun ^vas aimed
past L — at you, and L — striking it down saved your life and
killed the horse."

If the Governor hesitated in releasing me, I wanted him to
give me some kind of a trial (inasmuch as I had never had anij)
to enable me to bring out and establish such matters as these.
So I wrote to a notary public to come and take these affidavits
for me, and received the following reply ;

" Tenixo, November 17tli, 1879.

Geo. W. Fi!.vn('e, Esq., Seatco.
Dear Sib : — I will be at Seatco last of this we(>k or first of next, when
I will attend to your business. Yours truly, F. R. B. . ""

m ^.

■ i (•

iitii!ii

:-!■!

r* f'

-v, #

5i I,

:}'2()

StUUOOLINCJ FOU Lll'.ERTY.

But I was uot to be allowed to positively destroy the niili/
point tliiit served the ganf» as a pretext for" convicting " (?) and
l)lunderiiig me ; therefore, though B . . was frequently at the
bastile, I could uot get the business done. Once I was told
tliat the Notary had left word for me " to have the papers
signed and send them to him, and he would do the " acknoicl-
t'tfijiiKj ((f home and forward them on to the Governor for me."
This was evidently a trick to squelch the business as they would
a letter, and B . . being one of the charitable (?) brethren, was
willing not to interfere with their game of torture.

Here is a copy of a letter I wrote to B . . over three months
after I commenced to try to get this business done, and / tvun
trymj all the time.

"Seatc;o, W. T., Febnmry IGtli, 1880.

F. R. li.. Esq., Tenino.
Deau Sib : — Will you please be so kind as to attend to that busiuoss
for me at your earliest possible convenience ? Please to consider my sit-
nation, and that I am unjustly imprisoned — which fact I Avill establish in
l)art by the three affidavits that I am so anxious for you to take, as I de-
sire to send them at once to the Governor, or to accompany a petition
from my home. Very truly, Geo. W. France."

Of course, with an honest Governor one's life would uot
be thus trifled with, and haggled and flayed. But such, my
countrymen, is practical masonry. Have I not seen it? Have
I not felt and suffered it for so many years ? Bout I know Ihdt
this is so ?

On the first visit of Governor [Links], I being in the din-
ing room, easily got an interview with him. I referred him to
the briefs of my case that I and others had sent to the execu-
tive ofiice before, and that petitions would soon be sent to him,
and got him to promise that if there should be any opposition
or objection to my release that he would let me know forthwith
by whom it was made, and give me an opportunity to meet and
disprove it. But I could not get him to state anymore than I
could his predecessor, " what showing he would require to release
a prisoner," but he repeatedly said he " would consider my
case very carefully," etc., etc., and I being so plainly innocent,
and having siach strong proof of it, and such petitions Avithal it,
dill seem to me that there could not be another being in human

% !k;ii

ThIUUJNG CoitUKHPONDKNCE.

327

form ai ,8pect, so brutal, so corrupt, so blood-thirsty find cruel
us to reject and spurn it all, that he nii^'lit gl jat oven- the misery
and heart's blood of his victims. I told the Governor how I
was denied the right to attend to my business as to the attida-
vits, etc., but instead of his seeing to it that none should be
(lt>uied such ^ital rights, he settliMl it by saying that I " could
just send the papers in to him simply signed, and he would
consider them as though they were sworn to." Ik thus joined
in .squelch iiKj my cane.

" /"or ifht-rc is iioir /hitt hour or hidloiri:// (hi;/,
When plitnth'rhiii viUnins caase to prowl for pn'u /
K.rhdusllfss iranl/h /heir houiu/lf^ss l/osoms crara.
While thit'fcs cni/rfii/nl in. rri'ri/ r/iiinf irn rinw."

Very soon after this visit of the Governor my petitions
and other papers were sent in to him. But for a long time
iii'terwards — though I wrote the most plaintive appeals to his
supposed sense of justice and humanity, and begged of him not
to thu" torture and destroy all that was dear and worth living
for t and mine — yet I could get nothing out of him, but

that Y&a " considering " my case. Oh ! what a hateful,

treacherous word that " considering " got to be. Still he wouhl
give me to understand that he would presently " act on my
case." And when I would ask him if any one opposed my release
he would always reply that "no one opposed if."

I tried, time and again, to get him to " name some point as
to which he was in doubt as to my innocence, and I would
undertake to satisfy him with indisputable proof as to the
same." But this he would never, never do. He would speak
of the " unusual strength of my petitions," and would not say
that he needed anything added thereto or any further proof of
my innocence, or any further information whatsoever.

A person that went to see him in my behalf reported that
"the Governor says your petitions are the .strongest he ever .saw,"
and that "from what he said, I think you Avill go out in a few
day.s," and shortly afterwards the Governor told me that he
" would act on my ease in a few days," and he said it in such a
manner that I and others near me thought that I would surely
go, when I received the following :

i li )

1 i

11 *

328

Sruggling for Liberty.

" Home, April 12th, 1881.

Oh ! My Dear Husband. — I have received a letter from Governor
[Links] and he gives me no encouragement, though he don't say he ^\^ll
not release you.

I was so sure that he would act favorably. I do not know what to do
next. Oh I everything is so dark

' I have kept you ever in my heart, dear George,
Through months of good and ill.
Our souls cannot be torn apart,
They are bound together still.

I never knew how dear you were to me.
Till I was left alone.

I thought my poor, poor heart would break
The day they told me you were gone.

Perhaps we'll never, never meet
Upon this Earth again.
But there, where happy angels greet.
You'll meet your Effle there.

Together up the ever shining shore

We will tread with trusting heart;

Together through the bright eternal day,

And never more to part. ' Effie. "

["The greatest affliction humanity can suffer, is the agony of prolong-
ed suspens3."

"Corroding griefs and slow consuming care,
TlEjir7nly resolved your injured heart to tear.'"

"Long as his actions 'sdipe the public vieir,
Whatever his passions prompt, he dares to do."]

" Home, May 10th, 1881.

Bixt, Oh ! It seems to mo that you toill come. I am with you so often in my
dreams. Last night it seemed, it was not a dream. I was with you, and
the warm kisses seem to linger yet on my lips. You Avill never be more
natural and real in life, than you were last night in my dream .

I am sitting by the window, looking — when not writing — on the greon
hills and the tall, gloomy i)ines; Jhey are the only things that do not
change — always the same— and thinkiug of the past.

Why does everything rise in my mind so vividly this morning — there
seems to be a something before me; it does not seem to be evil either — I

almost dare to think it is something good I am

having the garden planted to-day. I think of how we iised to make
garden Do not desj^air, for I think it will end well yet.

!'!.'■

Thrilling Correspondence.

329

, 1881.

3m Governor

fc say lie \\'ill

vr what to do

Epfie."

my of prolong-

1, 1881.

often in my
kith yon, and
3ver be more

1 •

-on the green

that do not

|»rning— there
Bvil either— I

lam

Ised to make
Id well yet.

' Oh, breatho not those accents, though distance divide us,
Though time has been lavish ^ith sorrow and years,
Thou art dear to me still — the past cannot chide us,
When we turn and look back through a vista of tears.

Ah, yes! thou art dear, though the siinshine has faded
From off my yond forehead, while shadows of care.
Like the twilight of evening, my pathway has shaded,
And left, now and then, silver threads in my hair.

Speak not of indifference, while there yet linger,
The hopes and the dreams of my earliest hours.
While memory points with her magical finger
To pathways whose thorns are all hidden in flowers.

How well I have loved thee may never be spoken,

And now, even now, in my early decline,

My hopes all departed, the heart that loves thee

Must ever be thine.^ ' Efpie."

[" Rare are solid ay woes;

They love <t /rain, they tread each othix's heel."

"Her tempted virtue uniirotected left,
Kobbed of assistance, of each friend bereft. "

Friends wrote and urged the Governor in my behalf and
iuformed him of the critical condition of my afiairs, which was
being taken advant ge of by cowardly dsvils, to distress and
ravage my home a,ad family, and that I had no one to protect
them. But there was no honesty in his heart, aud he seemed
to enjoy and gloat over such torture and murder. Of course,
lie DID enjoy if, or he would not do if. " Since will to act and
action was but one." And "there was a laughing devil in his
sneer." Bather than l&t go, he would cut out the tongues of
his victims so as to escape their dying curses.]

" Home, May 22d, 1881.
My Dear Husband : — [She is being robbed of between throe aud
four thousand doHars by one dtnil alone, backed by the gang; is being
got into a stress; i.s gloomy, disci )uragtHl, distressed aud emljaxTasscd, so
that ruination was surely evident if I was uot 8i)('oialy i''>leased, ns tliore
was no one else to avert it, aud which I frankly aud plaintively jilead to
the Governor; these letters to the Governor are too plaintive, entreating
aud meek for me to ever repeat. Viid yet his conduct was so maliipuDit
and brutal, that it flamed and mr.ddeued my Anfe's brain, tore her hoart
into shreds, filled her with the ■> cry frenzy of despair, drove her insane
and cast her down, so that she was ruined and never herself anymore. ]

330

Struggling for Liberty.

' I know not what shall befall me,
Goil hangs a mist o'er my eyes;
And each step in my onward path
He makes new scenes to rise;
And every joy he sends to me
Comes as a sweet surprise.

I see not a step V^efore me,

As I tread on anotJier year;

But the ijast is still in God's keeping,

The future his mercy shall clear;

And what looks dark in the distance.

May brighten as I draw near.

For, perhaps, the dreaded future
Has less bitter than I think ;
The Lord may sweeten the waters
Before I stoop to drink.
Or, if Mar rah must be Marrah,
He will stand beside its brink.

It may be he has waiting
For the coming of my feet
Some gift, of such rare value.
Some joy, so strangely sweet.
That my lips shall only tremble
"With the thanks they cannot speak.

Oh, restful, blissful ignorance,
'Tis blessed not to know;
It keeps me still iu those arms.
Which Avill not let me go;
And hushes my soul to rest
In the bosom that loves me so.

So I go on — not knowing,

I w ould not, if I might,

Rather walking with (lod in the dark,

Thau going alone in the light;

Bather walking with hiui by faith.

Than a\ alkiug alone V)y sight.

My heart slr-rnks liack from, trials

Whii'h the fntovo may disclose;

Yet I never liad a sorrow.

But Avhat tlie dear Loi-d knows.

So I send the coming tears back

With the whi8i)ered A\ord ' He knows. '

Effii!

, »

Thrilling Corresponden'ce.

331

L(ttr of Mosi's. — "If any Judf^e takes briliea, his punishmeut is tleath;
ho tliat overh)oks one that oflers him a j)etiti()U, and this when he is able
to release him, fie is a r/idlti/ jn-rson."

" Sh'ike, if yoH will, hut hmtr."
"The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on."

" Home, October 18th, 1881.

Oh ! My Dear Husband : — [What

transpired and was written within this space of tin\e, and beyond, is too
distressing, distracted, miserable, tender and domestic, to note here, or
for the profane and cold to comprehend or regard, and enough cruel an-
guish has already l)een given, and is otherwise known, for such to gloat
over. She is being governed by the force of cruel distress, and is thus
distrained in the ruinous crash, as to which I cannot wiite any more, for
uo language or pen can express it, and to only think of it is maddening.

" Oh, pant not thus, for his poor heart to bleed."

"Oh, Virtue ! I have worshipped thee as a God; but thou art the
slave of dei)ra\-ity. " That is incapable of i, bensation of pity.
She closes as follows :]

I WILL REMEMBER YOIT, LOVE, IN MY PRAYERS.

"When the curtains of night are innned back by the stars,

And the beautiful moon leaps the skies,

And the dew drops of Heaven are kissing the rose,

It is then that my vuminryjlieii,

As if on the wings of some beautiful dove.

In haste with the message it bear:..

To bring you a kins of affection and say,

' I rememl)er ^ ou, love, in my prayers. '

Go where you will, on land, or ou sea,

I'll share all your sorrow and cares ;

And at night, when I kneel by my bedside to pray,

I'll remember you, love, in my prayers.

I have loved you too fondly to ever forget

The love you have whispered to me.

And the kiss of afifectiou, still warm on my lips,

Since you told me how true you would be,

I know not if fortune be fickle or friend.

Or if time ou your memory wears ;

I know that I love you whore-er you roam.

And remember your love in m_ prayers.

When heavenly angels are gntirdin;,' the good,

As (rod has ordained them to do,

In answer to praytns I have offered to Him,

i '

t -i

'*(^H III

(1 (

332

Struggling for Liberty.

I know there is one watching you ;

And may ita bright spirit be with you through life,

And guide you up Heaven's bright stairs,

To meet with the one who has loved you so true,

And remembered you, love, in her prayers. Effie."

** Oh, Mercedes ! I have uttered your name with the sigh
of melancholy, with the groan of sorrow, with the last effort of
despair. I have uttered it when frozen with cold, crouched ou
the straw in my dungeon ; I have uttered it, consumed with
heat, rolling on the stone floor of my prison .... I wept, I
cur ?ed — Monte Crista.

In the fall of 1881 the legislature convened, and a commit-
tee of it and the Governor visited the bastile. And while I was
pleading my case to the committee, the Governor interrupted,
telling me that " all I lacked in getting out toas the Judge." so I
subsided as he did not ivant my case to he knoivn. But the Judge
had refused to recommend or otherwise favor others, and stated
that he would not solicit any one's pardon, " as that was the
Governor's province to use, independent of the Judge." Still
as he had charged the jury in my case that the fight " was more
like a duel than anything else" — which meant that it did not
exceed manslaughter— and always maintained that I ought not
to have got more than five years, and that he would not oppose
my pardon at any time before, and this while not knoiving hut a
part of my case, I therefore felt that when he should become
more fully informed, he would fill the bill, and I would go.
For " Hope springs eternal in the human breast, man never is
but always to be blest."

A friend who was clerk of the court at my farce of a trial,
and who was now chief-clerk of the assembly, wrote me from
Olympia that nearly all of the members of the legislature would
sign a petition for my release. And that he had also "ex-
plained my case to the Governor, but he declined to interfere
with " the judgment of the cotirt" but added that he " thought
after five years of imprisonment I would be pardoned."

So it was " the Judgment of the court," was it ?

But the " Judgment of the court " did not bother him as to
other men he had pardoned.

In the midst of his cruelty and the shrieks of agony, he

Thuilijno Corkespondence.

333

has the gall to express sympathy (?)— praises the Judge, aud
virtually confesses that he has not yet " even considered my
care." — Here it is.

( " Territoby of Washington,
\ Executive Department.
Olympia, W. T., January 2r)th, 1882.

I have your letter respecting your unfortunate brother,

Mr. France, and I assure you that you have my sympathy, so also his
family, and if I could with propriety indulge my ijersoual feelings I would
give him his liberty. He had a fair aud unprejudiced trial by a good
Judge, aud found guilty of the crime for which he suffers, and sufficient
time has not yet elapsed to consider pardon.

There are many in the prison for the same crime, aud all about equal-
ly deserving, so that I cannot well select one. I am soiTy for you aud his
family; with respect I am yours, Wm. A. [Links.] "

This letter is a fair sample of the rot given by ring officials
to outsiders. If the prisoners were " all about equalbj deserv-
imj " with me, would a man of any sense of justice or humanity
hold ANY of them ? So he confesses to more than I have here-
tofore stated as to the innocence of so many. And he did make
■sdc('tio)is, and I have be/ore noted their character. And he says I
" had a fair and unprejudiced trial ! " When even a juryman
afterwards stated that a majority of the jury were fixed against
me, and another one stated that he afterwards found that
I had committed no crime, unless it was in "not killing the
devil before he did."

I had written to the " good Judge " asKing his assistance,
and pronosed to have him fully convinced of my entire inno-
cence, if he would but name the point or phase as to which he
thought me guilty. But he was determined not to be compelled
to admit that I had been entirely shanghaied in his court. So
he would never give me any such opportunity to do so. He
would ignore my questions aud propositions as to the same as
follows :

"Walla Walla, Wash. Ter., January, 1882.
Mr. George W. Franc k : — I have received two letters from you, and
T am sorry for you and Bympathize with you, as I do with almost every
iiiiin who is unfortunate, whether in prison or out of it. /did not convict
vein, it was twelve of your countrymen, who no doubt knew you better
than I.

: \
■ \

?;' i

; ' h •

¥ '

i J. t.'.'l- ■■' ■

4 V;|M->/

! ■:

•■:i;f

Stuu(K}Ling Fon Liiij'niTY.

I gave yoii the shortest sentence the law Avoiild allow. If I conlil
have made it five (5) years instead of ten, I should have done so, under
all the circumstances, as I told some of your friends who came to me with
a petition in your behalf, that I thought your crime only deserved live
years imijrisoumeut.

You seem to foi'get that a Judge has any duties obligatory upon his
conscience. Not a month imssesb'.'- some one is asking mo to recommend
a pai'don for somebody. Juries convict, the Judge sentences, und the
Governor can pardon if he see tit. That is his provim-e, not mine. I
shall not opijose your pardon, and shall see that no advantage is taken of
you in my court, if I am apinised of any attemi)t to do so.

This is all I can promise you, and all I think you can reasonably ask.

Respectfully your.s, S. C. Wingakd."

He did prevent any further advantage being taken of me
in Ids court, as was attempted on account of my duress, and
showed plainly that if a Judge is so minded, he can see that no
man is robbed in his court, (hough he emjjloy no faivyer and is him-
self absent. The whole horde of blackleg lawyers should be
squelched ; any Judge that re > -ives a litigant to employ or
trust one, is a thief at heart. T l this court had been used as
a tool against me and mine by the gang to such an extent that
it was not necessary in finishing up the job, if the Governor
would hold me ; and he would.

So the real judgement of the " good court," that the Gov-
ernor held to be infallible as to me, was a sentence of five years.
And the sentence of ten years was there/ore A mere technicaliit,
that nona but tyrants would make use of to torture, ravage aud
destroy.

More of his Excellency's rot to friends in the States.

"Territoky of Washington. — Executive Department.

Olympia, W. T., March 20th, 1882.

The letter is very satisfactory. I have no doubt of his good character
up to the time of the crime for which he sufl'ers. I hope in time to be able
to do something for him.

The people here muke yreat chnnor over jx tr don iny,

I am yours truly, W. A. [Links.]"

When tlie people where I lived and my case was best
known were almost unanimous for my restoration, and had a"
petitioned for i/cars, and man}' of them also plead for it ; ami,
moreover, when the Governor had so often declared that "nu

ThUILUXO ConiiKSPONDENCE.

3;j

I I conlil
so, niiil(H'
nit^ ^vith
srvecl live

upon liis
jcoiniuond
s, iuid the
; luiue. I
.8 taken of

)nal)ly ask.

[NOAUU."

en of me
iress, ami
see that 110
nd is him-
jlioultl be
smploy or
sn used as
ixtent that
Goveruor

it tlie OoY-
five years.

HNICALITY,

avage and
lates.

1882.

j)d cliaiin'ter
[e to be able

[[Links.]"

was best

icl //"'/ w)

Lr it ; ami,

Id that "no

one opposes your pardon" who then weke the " people " ivho
loould "cJanior" against it, outside of tlie gaug?

Say ! who were they ?

I had an occasion to protest to the Governor the unreason-
ableness of requiring the Judge's recommendation, when he
knew he had made it a rule not to recommend anybody.
"Well," he said, "your case has not been fully or forinaUi/ made
out or presented to me." Intimating, I took it, that I should
employ a high priced agent, or linked middleman, or lobbyist,
to present my case to him in a more inviling manner ; for still
I coidd not get him to name "a point or phase as to which he wanted
more light." And I had relatives and other friends, who were
likewise pleading for my release ; some of whom did r,o as re-
presentatives of a whole community of tax payers. But neither
did his excellency tvant any in/or mat ion from any of these. He
treated the judgement, will, and the sober second thought of
the people with contempt — frequently not even making any
answer to their true representatives ; they did not produce to
him any mystic sign !

I had now been meekly pleading and begging for about
three years and had not succeeded in getting even a respectful
hearing or an honest reply; nor had any of my friends,

I was therefore determined, if possible, that the Governor
should fully know my case in spite of himself, and to let the
people judge, whether or not " it was fully and formally made
out and presented," and also whether it was truly done.

Therefore I wrote the following epitome of my case and
troiible, and had a copy of it delivered to the Governor at
Olympia and endeavored to have it published to the people.

But the Governor and Co. would not allow the people to
thus fully understand my case and condition, .so tliey squelched it
from the people.

"And with uccessity, the tvrant.s plea,
Excused his devilish deeds. "

, " No engine so sure as the means Ave eniidoy,
To ridicule first what we liojie to destroy."

' 7

'r\\ \

! ?l

( rJ

H I

«■ !i>IJ

•t

|l|r

Li'^^

CHAPTER XVIII.

Prison experience, cotilinued. — An epitome of my life, case and trouble to
"the Governor and the people." — The only arf/umsnt and summing up
of my case thd was ever made. — The frank but fruitless wail for justice
and humanity by a victim shanghaied, ravaged, and languishing iu
prison. — " Let thy keen glance his life search through, and bring his
actions in review, for actions si)Gak the man." — " While love and ijcaoe
and social joy were there. Oh, peace ! oh, social joy ! Oh, heaveu-
born love ! Were these yovir haunts where murderous demons rove ?
Distinction neat and nice, which lie between the jjoison'd chalice aud
the stab unseen."

"Seatco PiusoN, Washington Tebiutory, Ajjiil 20th, 1882.
To his Excellency, Governor [Links], aud to my countrymen at large
— especially in my own section : —

As to "my case not being fully or formally made out or pre-
sented " at this stage, please consider that neither I nor my frioiuls
are lawyers, but that we have feelings, and thought we had seuse
and character enough to make so 8im2)le a case as mine manifest t«
any one disposed to "embrace the truth wherever found." And
that this is all that would be necessary at this stage. And now my duress
has been so prolonged, that I am destitute of means necessary to em2)loy
experts to make out a formal case aud plea — as at a contested, techniciil
trial. From comfortable circumstances — a comi)etency— I have been re-
duced to want and distress — soi*e and cruel. But your Excellency, iu a
homely, awkward way, we thought it Juid been shown and is maintained by
evidence given before, and by and wit/i other facta proclaimed and xn-
questiuned :

First. — That I was always truthfully, peacefully, charitably and
frankly disposed, to a fault, and temperate in all things ; that I never
struck a child, harmed a kitten, killed a dog, or stoned a bird ; or op-
pressed anyone because he was unfortunate, in trouble, ignorant or i)0(ir ;
nor envied any one his own. Aud would ever stand for a fundamental
truth — though I stood alone and then fell. Nor yet afraid to confess my
many errors, wrongs, or sins to men.

But that these traits are more of an endowment than any fault of
mine, and if their fruits be considered as evil, I pray that they be no
longer charged against me.

Second. — That without molesting anyone, and by honorable toil, I
made on the outer border of settlement a spacious and a hapjjy home of
high prospective value, and was possessed of plenty to the en .y of others.

That I iiossessed all of the mo-al, legal, technical aud customary titles
and rights to be had, to each and every portion of the same.

(336)

Only AROUiMENT of my Case eveu Made.

337

That it was by hardships, i)rivations, and good coudiict— taking in the
flower of my life— that I won these, and that I had every right to inhabit,
cultivate and enjoy these, my o^vn, and to defend my life while perform-
ing such homage.

Third. — That a transient few there were who determined to possess
my i)roperty, and these — forming a cUque — waged on me and have caused,
with their friends or supi^orters, all the trouble and loss I have sufl'ercd,
uud while I was pursuing the even course set forth. Yet, they mostly were
friendly to my face when we met, had received favors at my hands,
aud cannot maintain that I ever wronged any one of them.

Fourth. — That one of these would contest the possession of a part of
my home with his rifle, and without having any legal, moral, or customary
right thereto whatsoever — had not even instituted or filed any contest, and
I had it enclosed with over ten thousand rails.

That he declared he would cultivate and hold this — my field and
plowing — and that if I " attempted to do so he would kill me." That he
swaggered to me and to various others, from the outset to the fight — as
sworn to by men and women (the latter strangers to me). That he " had
more backbone than me, did not believe that I was on the shoot, but if I
was it was just his hand ; " that he " would, by the nape of the neck, \nit\\
me out of the field, and if not man enough without, would fix me so he
could." That " one or the other of tis would die there." That he " would
or I must go or come into the field a shooting," etc., etc., etc., and i)ro-
claimed Macbeth's judgment, "Damned be he who first cries hold,
enough ! "

Yet, your Excellency, he had good traits withal; we freqtiently had
friendly chats, and he sometimes sat at my table. And I don't believe he
would have tortured me so — during all these troublous, hapless, endless
yeai-s of agony and despair, and while I was crying enough ! enough !
enough ! He would at least meet me in an open field, give me a warning
and a partial show, and end my misery. Will not your Excellency do as
much ? Do not dissect me so with the executive function of mercy, while
yet alive and in my mind — just because I am ignorant, awkward, in trouble
aud poor ; give me some kind of a trial, and show wherein I can defend my-
self against the inconsiderate and most unusual verdict against me.

Fifth. — That neighbors >/amed me to be aware, or Mr. Jumi)er would
cany out his many threats against my life, and urged me to accei)t the
loan of a little pistol to carry for my defence when I went to the woods,
where I was likely to meet him, and in my field. I did so and kept on in
my usual course. That the neighbor, who loaned me his pistol, was inti-
mate Avith Mr. Jumi)er, knew his intention to kill me, and was therefore
afraid for his horses even, to be in this field, least they should be shot by ac-
cident when I should go into it. All of which he and othei-s swore to.
Et'ferenee: his Honor or clerk of my District court, and the witnesses them-
selves.

' ^1

■ ii

:^i i].

338

An Epitome of Fieuy SntuaoLEs.

Si.clJi, — That but two meu could be found during a i)eriod of over
nine (9) montbs, who would swear tluit I liud ever threatened Mr. Jumiicr
with violence, and one of these Imd einuity against me, because I hud re-
fused him a favor — as not believing hiui honest — and, moreover, the inci-
dent referred to was hing anterior to the tight. The other swore, I saiil
" such men ought to be hung." The former was false, the latter true.
(The former is the only neighbor, I beUeve, within two or three miles nijt
on my i)etition — if he can be considered a neighbor.) [On my return I
said to an old neighbor, "don't half the jwoplo consider him a jJtii'jured
scoundrel ? " "I guess (dl of them do," said he.]

Seventh. — That finally I applied to a jjeace officer and preacher of the
■word, to bind the gentleman over to keep the peace, so ho would not mur-
der me, and got in reply, that " he was indeed a vicious and daugerou.s
man, but that it was simiily envy — on account of my prosijerity — tliat
caused these plundering raids, and that all things considered, his advice
to me, was to he prepdred to ih-fend myself, and (jo on dhout mij business, to
sow and cultivate this field." I simply did so, as usual in my even course.
^Reference, his Honor.

Ei(j]ith. — That the following day — in company with two other meu
(who were mutual friends as to Jum^jer and me — and who were not armed)
•while peacefully at work, sowing wheat on horseback, iu ray usual way, ou
said i^ortion of my home : That the gentleman, as aforesaid, having averred
he would kill me at such time, place and circumstance, seeing us from a
distance, i^roceededat once direct for his silencer carbine, saying (at least),
" there is going to be trouble," [and that " he would kill me,"'\ came direct
into my field, with his gun cocked, and presently came to me and made a
swaggering, fierce, frightful attack, "ijlaced his cocked gun to his
shoiUder," his finger on the trigger; said, " I to ill kill you," ''fired the first
shot," "killed a horse close by my side," under a man, who, " reaching back
struck the muzzle down the instant it fired," That my pistol shots quickli/
followed this of the carbine," and were all fired in rapid succession." That
these points and words as given of the attack and fixfht and position, were,
and are always agreed by, and were sworn to by all present at the shooting
who were sworn — three men — excejjt that the man by me was so dazed,
that he did not see or hear my latter shots. And the rapidity of all the
shots was also declared and sworn to by othei-s who were at a distance.
Reference, his Honor or clerk, Districtcourt and witnesses themselves.

Ninth. — That when my companion "struck down the gun with his
hand, he clung to it, was struck on or against his head with the butt,
dazed, jerked off his sinking horse, and a frantic struggle followed for
control of the gun. "

That " neither said companion nor any other man had a hand or a fin-
ger on to Jumper at any time," but " only hung on or clung to the gun."

That said companion oX, one time " during the struggle, Avas flat down,"
and one hand was torn quite to the bone. These points and language

;riod of over
Mr. Jmniter
use I Imd le-
ver, tlie iiK'i-
iwore, I «uiil
i latter tnif.
ee milt'H not
my rcturul
a a perjured

lacher of the
aid not mur-
d daugorou.s
perity— tliiit
1, Ilia advice
/ business, to
even course.

> other men
3 not armed)
mal way, on
ving averred
J us from a
ig (at least),
came direct
ind made a
gun to his
'■red ike first
aching back
lots quuiii/
ion." That
ntion, were,

-^^^If!!!!^!!::^ <^-^ -v.„ M.«.K

>nd or a fin-
he (J tin."
flat down,"
d language

339

^v.-ro and are also established JiT^T^ -—

ence. "'"«" a^'l "I'uutained as aforesai.l q

"xurtsaui. Samo refer-

r'"'ley-given possession of it b T •""" ""'^'^l '^'^rhine, and was Jl
And m reason I submit if . i

That this nrorpn ihn* t

if"

rhl^

f* tttir

'.= f'

1 ' f

;■■(' •'!«

iiiijtiibi

340

An Ei'iTOME OP FiEiiY Struggles.

(my) heart, aud Iuh Htrikiug ilowu tbo gnu savotl Iuh (my) life " — which is
true.

That (Mr. Jumper not appearing much hurt) ho (L. .) aud I Hworoont
a warraut for his arrest (aud two meu — uot uh — were empowered to make it,
aud iu which ho hwokb that miid Hhot Avas aimed at me, aud he bo deelaretl
at various timew, to vaiiouH porsouH,yr;r soma niua monlhs tharcafter, an did
the other wituesH also, as proven by documents heretofore submitted as to
each and the same, aud which is, moreover, evident Ay all the pf/i/sical,
iiiln-ri'iil ttinl cifcitinntitiitiiil proof hoaxiug on the same, aud which I think I
can say was not disputed, aud was certainly nefer refuted.

Thirteenth. — That Avheu death, however, had resulted, I proceeded to
the justice and re(iuested an examination, expecting, of course, an honor-
able acipxittal. But the before noted diipie came to a living man — this
being their opportunity — sent for a shark lawyer to Avork in the tricks of
the trade, made him also clerk of the court, delayed proceedings (without
notice to me) till running it past the middle of the night, and swore, or
courted " evidence " (?) of things so physically impossible and morally im-
probable aud untrue — on account of distance and the physiology of miiu
— and conjlicting witlitd, aud which measurement and a little reasoniiu/
would iDick to jneces, break iu Hinders, aud make plain to even a child ;
that, therefore, ou account of the [masonic] indignity of the honorable
court, I was not sworn at all, nor was a>u/one who was present at the
shooting, or nearer than — according to their own guess — from 70 to HO
yards, aud Avhich distance I will further on refer to more fiiUy.

That Jumjjer was not sworn, with plenty of ojiportunity, time aud
vigilance, aud that the others who were reidlt/ the only living persons who
ivere jrresent ai the shooting aud couhl knou^ the fight, were — with one of
their own who wanted to tell the truth — unjustly and jieruiciously cast oil
\not allowed to test if y^,

Aud this is the mould, by which they would cast public oi^inion, aud
from it they did cast me into pxison thirty miles away, ai;d reports that I
had "murdered" the gentleman. Aud then, moreover, cast my iudiot-
meut from this viotdd alone. [No one "who was at thk shootiko was
ALLOWED TO TESTIFY BEFOKK THE QBAND JURY.] Reference, his Houor of
the justice court aud others.

Ou account of my ignorance of men, and my duress — thus caused— 1
failed to get this court ou the stand at my " trial " (?), but as it presently
petitioned for executive clemency, I will presume it thought this would do
as well, which sadly disjilays a lack of knowledge as to the effect of i^rayer
on the human [inhuman] heart.

Fourteenth. — That a samiile of the material or stuff, composing tbin
mould — from which were cast the forms of commitment, indictment aud
verdict — by which to oppress and rob me in the name of the people, law
and of justice, is found of these distance witnesses, wherein is named— ah
numbered — the little bullets, as belonging to my respective discharges, as by

Only Akqument of m^ Case ever Made.

341

ivhic'li is

Avovo ont
inivko it,
dedavi'tl
/•, aa tliil
tteil fts to
j)hiisic(il,
I tixiuk I

ceedetl to
an liouor-
niiiu — tliirt
) triflis of
9 (without
. Hwore, or
Lorally im-
gy of miiu

I'lutsniiin'i
a a chilli ;

honorable
aent at the

70 to UO

', time and
)eritons ii'ho
nth one of
isly cast off

binion, and
torts that I
Imy indiot-

loTlKG WAS

Honor of

tvnfs^'/ — ^

presently

•wonld do

|t of prayer

josing tbiH
[tment aud
"Leople, law
IrtaTnet/ — as
\rges, as by

iinmhei'H from one (/) Id ftun; each lo encli resprvfipeli/ ! with vn'ii or /lorsfs
iiiti'rrt'tiiiKj, tint/ tin' sf/nts Jirrd in rapid siiccfssioii in n furious Jiijlit, and
when, moreover, two of us w ho were present did not know they hit at all !

And again, in swearing to words, as urging lao to greattr action, wlien
by lucittion and time — marked by themselves — ^ho distinction of words was
beyond the reach of huindii f/rnrini/, as far and ci>rtain as to sn- t/te litlli'
hiillfta liit was of human vision. And as though thero was ui.^^' time or
impulse for talk in the dash nf thefriijhifid life and death coi\fliet.

And thus can (///that was sworn against mo bo refuted — even by its
own — if considered with a passive mind, and bo governed with reason, and
the same standard accorded others in similar cases.

When thus shanghaied, I foolishly declared that I " would not care a
stiver for a ton of such stufl'." But I thought tluxt reason audjuslire would
next in'ovail if I employed experts to defend me, [but, fatal to me, they
were secret brotlion themselves].

Fifteenth. — That his Honor of the Disi "''•t court being presently made
known of the fraudulent manner in whicJi I was held in duress, kindly
aent me word that ho "would issue a writ and give me an examination —
(which by law and iisage I was entitled to) either at Dayton or Walla
Walla, as I chose." But never having been in court troubles before, I
meanwhile, hastily and iguorautly, was i)ersuaded to trust, what proved to
be my all to others [shyster.s], and, therefore, I did not get any examina-
tion, 1 oaring, or trial, for over nine (9) months. And then I did not in
the usual sense and n auing of those words, and thus have I not, (// am/
time during viy ti i,"r'i'j, had a fair show, or deal, or hearing, or justice, in
any court or by the public. And which I swear to be true, and will
further point it out, so that anii one who may reiul this showing may know
it also. But that, however, the chief points which I have given, besides
others I will give, have been established he\oui\ reasonable dispute, as be-
fore shown, and none of them could, or can ever be refuted when the phy-
sical and inherent evidence and undisputed circumstances bearing on the
same are duly considered withal, and in, but a few of these jmifds it can
readily be seen evident, that there could not and can not be any real case at all
against me.

That the only plausible theory set forth, and point formally made for
my conviction at my "trial" (?) is by a preponderance of personal evi-
dence alo! in diverting the aim of the murderous carbine from "my
liP" ' to u,i ufe of another, with whom Mr. Jumper was on fnendly
. with whom he had no quarrel, against whom he had made never a
iiiut, and to 'om he had but recently i^resented a token of regard, and
ii'/io wi's iiuaruf il. On which account he was with me there, he thinking
lie coi d therefore persuade Jumpei from his declared intent to kill me on
this ] trticular occasion, and they did respectively try to do so.

But with my proven .«■ ■ cf fear nf danger, alone. Hoav ! by what
law ! or precedent ! or standard ! can such point be held against me ?

'*ii

\9'4

An Epitoms of Fiery Struggles.

mio is to be (he Juilr/e, ((s to t nch dangei; when the effect is estahlishcil?
Suppose the gun ■was uot loaded (even tlie magazine was filled for
the purpose) or that it was a wooden gun, or that ho was only shooting at
my hat, or my horse, or at "nothing" (?), hut <i mutual, unarmed friend ,intl
iw tcemidcn'! Or that he was only in sport to see me run I

That it does not — //* eren justice an I law — make any difference what
any one else might thii'l: -or claim to tl^ink — just so that / was iin^jresscil
ifUh dani/er. And was there ever a beiuj;, cast in human shape, Avho would
uot be so impressed under tlie force, and in the current of such an attack?

That, moreover, if such point had been reasonably [aud without cor-
niption] established: Tnat it is a narrow and uneven cause to work all tin-
oijpression and torture and wreck that has been done. As to which I Ix'g
to Hul.mit the judgment of a court in a State, where " good is not so fre-
quently called evil, and e^il good, " where sharks and cutthroats cannot
and do not ravage hard-earned homes aud altars with impunity, in the
guise of justice, and cause their victims to beg for life, and in vain. Ac-
cording to the press, at Paterson, New Jersey, May 1st, 1880, Williuui
Dalzell, his son being with him, shot and killed Josej^h Van Houteu, who
was oue of a i)icnic party trespassing on Dalzell's land. It did not apiJcar
that the tresi)asser liad any ^•iciou3 intention, motive, or impulse, or that hi>
■was armed. He was there only to have a good, social time, with his
inteuded wife, in a May i)arty of his friends. But in going to the ])iciiic
grounds they jx'rsisted in passing throiigh Dalzell's field, who thereupou
shot Van Houteu dead.

Judge Dixon, in charging and laying down the case to the grand jury
— according to the i)ress — said, in the following words : " If Dalzellfircd
the gun simply in i)rotection of his pro2)erty against trespassers, he is guihy
of murder. But, if the trespassers assailed him and put his own or his
.sow's life in danger, or caiised in them /.''(>• of serious bodily injuri/, and
the shot was fired to prcrenl this, then it would be excusable homicide, the
act having been committed in self-defense."

Dalzell was indicted fo?' manslaughter and bailed out to attend to his
business, and i)repare for ti'ial. And here follows the outcome in the words
of the associated press :

. ""William Dalzell, the infuriated farmer of Paterson, New Jersey, who
shot and killed Josej)!! Van Houteu last Mry, for (as one of a picnic party)
invading liis farm, and who came near being lynched at tlse time by the
enraged companions of Van Houten, has just emerged from his trial with
a verdict of ' not guilty. ' He succeeded in getting a jury of Bergen
County farmers; as a chief point in the defeuso was that a man has a right
to defend his property from trespassers, and on this i)oint the farmers were
a unit in Dalzell's favor."

Now suppose Van Houten had made an attack on Dalzell with a coch'il
carbine inbothhands, and fired the Jirslshol — after hiring declared he would kill
him on that very occasion; and that after nine montha [dirty] work by the

h ,|. i^

s estdhli shell?
as filled for
f sliootiug ut
edfrieiul and

[Terence what
tum iinpressfd
e, who would
till an attack ?
Avitliont cor-
o work all tin-

wliicli I beg
ia not so fi'c-
hroats caiuiot
punity, in the

in vain. Ac-
1880, William

1 Houteu, who
lid not appciU'
ilse, or that hi»
time, with his
r to the jncnic
vho thereupou

the grand jury

If Dalzelllired

ra, he is guilty

lis own or /"■''■

ly iiijitri/, and

homicide, the

attend to his
lie in the words

|\v Jersey, who

picnic party)

time by the

his trial with

j-y of Bergen

(an has a right

farmers were

irilh a cncb'il

edhf would kill

work by tho

Only Argujient of my Case ever Made,

343

tricks of a [secret] clique of sharks, it was made to appear that Van Houteu
■\\a.a "onlt/" trying to murder Dalzell's son. What do these sharks take
the yeomanry and homebuilders of this country /£»;• anyway ? It will thus
he seen, that according to "Jersey Justice," were I hu\dug a fair deal and
almost give the iirosecutiou all they ever claimed as a whole — with tho
stuff siyi'orn and vented — I would not have been held at all, or the first
uaU diiven in my coffin.

And I would resi)ectfully submit, whether any man has succeeded i..
making and holding a home — worth envying — in this country, if it was uui
beheved he would fight to defend it. And if it will be possible to do so,
if the sharks are sui)i)orted and backed by the powtir of Ciovernmeut,
not disputing the "infallibility of the coiir;.s," but as a matter of e.rperience
aiidfdci lit, the Idstori/ of the sctlliin/ (did h.id)it<iti()tt of this county}!. Will men
work the best part of their lives in making and earning homes, if they can
jump or Avreck those already done with safety and security and even
veuendion?

As to which I would refer to the reports of the shotgun, rifle, pistol
and strife throughout this country.

That, had such "Jersey Justice" been proclaimed by Executive and
courts, my trouble and also that of several others in my section — since
been made — would not likely have occuiTed. Or had I been known as a
vicious, reckless man, or as haWug such in my emjiloy, as many do, I
would not now be i)leading for my life at your Excellency's feet.

That Mr. Jiimper had just previously undertaken to jump another
man's claim, but being at the outset met in kind, ho found it to bo a
stump he was jumping against, without shooting into it, so there was not
much trouble there.

That there was a man living with Jumper previous to and at the time
of our fight; that ho therefore reasonably knew more of his intention,
manner and motive, than any other man. That he also closely followed
Jumper into the field and witnessed the fight as closely uui/uuiy (is the jrri/'-
cqxd prosecullnr/ icititess. That they subpienaed this witness and 2 laced
him on the stand at the so-called preliminary examination; that he was
ilisi)osed to tell the truth as far as he knew; swon^ he "did not know the
number of jiistol or carbine shots, as they were fired so near together and
rapidly, that it was a, fierce, hot, mixed-np fight," etc. (I sh.ould say so,
■with bouiidiu;/ horses, men (tiidjirc,) " but, that there were more pistol than
carl)ine shots," and that, on account of tho distance, he could not recog-
ui/e us as the men engaged, though dn^ssed tho same* as at the fight.
That their lawyer <tnd clerk-of-tlie-cnurt th(>n (]nickly and abruptly dropp-
ed this companion and eye witness — blurting out that '• (mother such wit-
ness >i'ill throw us out c)f court." (V)

Whereupon the sherift" and others said to me that " //« would he »ii/hesf.
vitiiesii.'" Certainly, he reasonably knew as nmch as either of the other
two "distance" Avitnesses. Certainli/, he would hold them lnvel in their

''Mlh 'I

'm'^-'

J —

-J!l|,"1

344

An Epitome of Fiery Struggles.

future swear iny; and it matle him mad (saying, "bow, the bell, coild
I tell in such confusion and at such a distune,'') when they iusinuated
that be ought to swear something, that would appear damaging to mo, not-
withstanding the distance and nature of the fight, and it being so plain in
my favor on its face and back and bottom, and which he did A-itoir.

That, moreover, they also dropjied him out, when binding their other
witnesses to appear at the District Coui-t. And that, I being left in duress,
remember, thus compelVuig me to tnist to others, I therefore utterly failed
in securing him, and he disappeared before my trial (?).

If I was getting a square deal (which, however, no one to my knowl-
edge has had the hardihood to seriously declare), then why, oh why! was
not such a witness secured, placed on the stand before both the Grand aud
Petit Juries, and told to tell, in his own way, cdl that he did know about
the tragedy, and evei^thing appertaining thereto, befoee and afteb, and
then LET Hi>i TELii IT ? And then sift the wheat from the chatf, if auv
chaff there be.

That any man who will not consider such sample circumstances as
proof of a crooked deal and swindle, to be repudiated, should not eom-
plaiu if ever he be judged in kind.

That the most sacred property and abode known to man or animals is
that of home! That doubly sacred are these, when they be made, fashion-
ed aud won by one's own honorable and persistent toil ! That the most
sacred law and impulse, and truth — of instinct, of God and of man — is that of
defense of one's life, while worshipping on such an altar ! That no law of
God, or of man, or of honor — decently meted out — requires one to nm
from such an altar, or swerve while engaged in such homage.

Your Excellency ! I propose to further notice, meet and embrace, in
refutation, the most extreme points, stuflf and tattle, ever set up or insinu-
ated against me as crime — morally or technically — at auy stage of the
trouble and as to every phase of the same, by considei-ing them and it, as
bunched together and as separated; and then showing four germaue aud
fundamental points and principles, that they are established in my favor
and recorded, and can be again and again; and which must refute hei/otid
ri'dsonahle and fair dispute all such matter.

I think that most any one while engaged in earning and maJduH- a
home should derive sense enough even from horses, calves, children and
the Indians about him, to enable him to roughly portray a standard nudi^r
which lie can perform his homage in safety from carbines, sharks and the
function of mercy. But I can only do this in my own, simjile, awkward,
frank, homely way, an<l in stinging duress!

First jwint or reason of the " four."

That I had a moral and technical right to be there and on the hapless
spot, A\ hich is my intention aud puri)ose, my course in hfe — what was in
my heart and bones.

Second i)oint and reason.

OnTjY Argument o? :jy Case eveii Made.

345

That I bad a moral and technical right, cause and reason — in common
pniclence — to be aimed, and have my iiistol gi'asped in my hand for action
imiiHMliately preceding my shooting; Ihis is my conduct, good or bad, wse
or otlierwise, as to the fight.

Tliird point.

The motive and i npulse causing action in the shooting.

Fourth jioint.

The state of fei,r, which is that of instinct, as I understand these
things.

Eiyliteenih. — That the pi-" ipal prosectiting and officious witness was,
as before shown, too distant to reasonaldy or jihysically know much about
tlie fight, or anytiiincj as to disjjiited points or matter, or more at least,
than the witness whom they rejected, discarded and cast n wo j/; because thoy
were together at the outset, and neither approached to aid either of us (and
on account of the brevity of the shooting dash, and the perplexity of
motion and increased danger, such ajiproach would not increase their op-
portunity of knowledge anyhow). And, moreover, as heretofore shown,
the "cast away '' sirore it to be impossible to define the fi'/ht, on account of
its fury and ?iature 'V/< such a distance." And, moreover, no one testitied,
(or cliximcd that I know of) to seeing this i)rincipal, officious aui'i linked
;vitn('ss during the fight. (The e\idenco of the ' 'castaway" would, of course,
lia^■e 1 leeu valuable to me on this point also, ) And the first time any of us three
saw anything of him — from a time before the fight — Avas, as we left the
tiekl inunediately after it, at a place half a mile from the fatal spot; and
tliou Ave met him coming from a different direction to ns/or to enquire as to
the fight! Of one of us, further on ahead, this source of so much linked
misinformation inquired: " Are you shot? " " /s- France shot? " Etc., etc.
And, moreover, the places he had been and the words besides Avhicli he
had siioken to othei's, ("that I was shot anyway,") and the long distance
he had travelled, auCitime — with other jn'oof to be had — wotild show that
this Avitness run like a deer, on the first fire or before, and Avhich shoAving of
itsolf Avould have shattered the so-called case ( ?) of the prosecution from
the outset — the commilinenf, indictment, and dxress — had I belonged to a
shark gang, instead of being but a peaceable tiller of the soil.

In which case it Avas ' ' not considered necessary or Avorth bothering
A\-ith ; " notAvithstanding I had paid a thousand dollai-s to hare such irork
(Idiic, (all of Avhich, had I not been traitorously held in duress, I coukl
haA'e done myself Avith less labor and skill than is retpiired to jjIoav tAvcnty
acres of ground — a ^30 job). And the '^ castau-ay" sAvore that "ho run
for some timber " to get aAvay from the carbine, and his comimnion surc^ly
and CA'ideutly run for shelter also. And, moreover, if I Avould — as I Avill
do in one place and another — shoAv that this " distance " Avii less and the
otlior distance one — Avho together constituted my commitmotf, indiclnnnt
(lull duress, and the source of lyin<), perjured misinformation — Avould mur-
der me in my field, Avould this even be any help to a " haymaker," or must

III

I 'i

!?'

346

An Epitome of Fiery Stuuggles.

such in-actice and malicious slander emanating therefrom, be varnished
for all time ynth. my blood ?

That I had jnst previous to the fight offended said officious and distance
witness by refusing him a favor — a matter of several hiindred dollars to him
— and that we were not on f riendl}' terms anyway, but that yet he was where
he was (in the field) tr get my answer as to said favor, and by mi/ special
ri'qnast. Now, was I such a lunatic as to jdace an enemy on the scene if I
had intendeO, or had (uitj intenlion, to " murder " his linked friend ? And,
moreover, to offend him just before I intended to do it ? And, further-
more yet, to at the same time ask him to go with me close to his linked
friend, which would be to see me do it more 2)l(nnly (which I will show that
I did). If S8, then why was I not caressed and sent to an asylum adapted
to idiots, instead of shanghaiing me to hades for torture or executive
charity V

That when Mr. Jumper first appeared in my field andwasapjiroacliing
one of my men who was at his work, that this witness exclaimed to me,
*' There comes [Jumper^ now with a gun! " that I answered, "Let us go out
and see what he is going to do with it ! " that he answered me, saying, " /
don't cure a damn ! whd he does with it ! " and did not accomimny me, all of
which he admitted on the stand to be true. Same reference as heretofore.
And that presently, after following me and one of my comjmnions around
(as we sowed wheat) and faiUng to frighten, swagger and drive us out of
the field — from my homage — with his cocked carbine in both hands,
that the gentleman then (juve it up and left v;.., to h<ive a t<dk with said
linked Avitness at the place I had left him. And as to which talk or
conference, except that it was had, nothing triinspired — unless it be in the
conduct thidfollowed it. But had he been an unprejudiced and honest vit-
ne;'s, Avould he not have tried to arert the <dt<tck of his friend? And luid
he done this woiild it not have so transpii'ed ? That then/)v>?« tliis ici/urss
Mr. Jumper, enraged and thirsting for my blood, proceeds to my other
comi)anion (" his friend ") at Avork, asking him "as a friend " to " lediu; the
Jield, for there is going to he trouble!" that he then struck direct to me
and my other companion, clone together and peacefully at work on my
altar, and belching out a stream of furious, raging profanity, made liis
final attack., ji(m2>ing iigciiist (I stump th(d h.dd not swaggered and whicdi he
had found would not qiiail, {the whole cane in a single sentence). Which
frightful display, from the oxitset to the fight, as well as the relative i)osi-
tions — especially that we two (Tiay and I) were dose together at wcirk
when ho mar.e the final attack, as we had been all the time since I liad
gone to him at the onset, or first attack, was agreed and sworn to by all
jjresent who were sworn — three men. Same reference as before, and wit-
nesses themselves.

That my companions were veteran soldiers antl brave men, and averred
that they had never witnessed a more frightful, hideous, -.vicked attack by
any man. Witnesses themselves and the evidence.

k^.iv,„

Only Argument op my Case ever Made.

347

Had I reason and cause and right to grasp my pistol?

Aiul witlml, when in close succession, " he put his cocked cuu to his
Bhonlilcr " (No. 1), "his finger on the trigger!" (No. '2), and I stared in
the muzzle ! and " he said, I ^nll kill you ! " (No. 3), "and fired " (No. 4),
" the gun being struck down the same instant it fired ! " (Point 5).

Had I the right ? accorded to other men, to vetHrn the fire ? repel the
uttdck ? shoot into the frightful, ftlal dmiger ? And Avith all the rapidity,
impulse, force, steam and power, which he himself thtis transmitted and
Jiri'il into me ?

That these five numbered points were always agreed and sworn to to
the letter, by all who were jiresent at the shooting, who were sworn, three
nuu. unipiestioned as to reputed veracity. Same reference, and witnesses
tlieiuselves.

What ? Oh ! What ? am I and my friends— who know these sworn
facts — taken for ? And am I being held in duress to justify and hide in
my grave the brutal crimes of criminals ! or what ? Why ! am I thus
butchered ?

Nineteenth. — That there was but one other witness, besides the distance
and ijrejudiced, offended and absent one before noted, who was not
2)n sent at the shooting, who jiretendtd to define the fight, or split hairs as
to tlie same. And this other one was Jumper's partner, in the fullest
sense of the word, and swore to being outside of the field when the shoot-
ing commenced, and guessed at the c'istance to be " about seventy j^ards "
at my " trial" (?) or " about half the distance of the other one."

Now what minute part, in i)hysical reason, could such witness define
iu truth, within the succeeding few seconds of the shooting dasl-, as to the
same, and with the fire, sound, men, hoi-ses, smoke and fury in the Avay '?
How many little bullets or hairs could bo seen, split, jilaced, and numbered
(as "from 1 to 4") and exact positions of gun, vieu, and other things,
comprehended '? And words understood and all fixed in the mind in the
few seconds of such a shooting dash ? In such sj)ace of bewilderment of
any one's brain, within range or reach of l,he fire and fury ?

Great Heavens ! what faculty of vision ? of hearing? of comprehen-
sion ? Oh ! what mighty powerful minds ! possessed by these two " dis-
tance" Aritnesses ! to be engaged in such Imsiness too !

Even admitting the distance as no greater than they guessed it, and
which, moi'eover, I do not do {one (f them u-ns running airni/). (]5ut I am
— us usual — working only on ground which I can readily hold, by any
standard of law, of right, of reason, and precedent. And which is estab-
lished beyond reasonable and fair dis])nte, and I su])p<)se i-eciiMed. And
wherein the witnesses themselves can be readily referred to.)

So, therefore, must not, m law, justice, truth, decent dealing and
humanity, tlie evidence of those irho irere present at the shooting, be the
evidence, as to things jd/j/sicoily imjiossiMi'fm- others to know ? Just so far as
does not conflict with natural reason, inherent proof, or other circum-

1 H

I] r I

"li*

348

An Epitome of Fiery Strugguis.

BtanccH, or iiuiterially ■with themselves ? Ami most certainly so when two
of the three of these present witnesses were bnt nuitiial friends and pcaee-
jnakers (I being the third) and their general or reputed veracity nnqnes-
tioned.

And when neither of the other two '^ cared a tlnmn! what he did irith
his (jun," made never an efl'oi-t to avert the contiict, biit so he parted from
each of them unhindered and thirsting for my blood, were prejudicod,
interested and oflicions. And swore positively to things impossilne to
know, and to others established to be false beyond dispute. And who
were afraid to meet and face on the stand the witness they drojjped out
and cast awuy. And who were imjieacfted witlntl.

Oh ! the desecration of that which should be venerated, and ever held
the most sacred by all men ! Oh ! the stabbing of the most cheiished
and beautiful functions of our Government. Are drunken sailors nun-o
basely, brazenly shanghaied ! and then held and tortured V And from
such a source of information and influence ?

Some good men hold that I should have suiTendered my homage at
the previous attack, while others, just as good, maintain that I should
have been prei)ared in kind and repelled the attack, shot the danger, when
it first appeared. Yet, thoiigh I owniul a shotgun, i>,nd there was also a
navy revolver in my house and an improved rifle, belonging to a man —
fond of htiutiug sport — in my employ ; yet the little pistol was the only
weapon taken or had by us, which fact was not disijuted.

If your Excellency please, it was always to me a son-y, sickening sport (?)
to hunt down God's beautiful creatures, to see them suffer and quiver iuul
die ! How sorrowful then, indeed, must, in reason, be my feelings, us to
the taking of human life. But men are few, who's life they would give
that another might live. And there are those who cherish and love tluir
lives and wives and children — homes and homage — and the beautifid
wherever found ; and possess in the vigor of manhood certain S2 arks iu
moral sentiment which can be made to glow, and which they would not
desecrate or smother, though thoy die !

Had I surrendered at the previous attack, my surrender would have
been demanded again and again ,; as was afterwards done, as this pica is
witness. Had T run from the final attack, I w-ould likely have been shot
in the back, or called on to ran again — but not likely more than ouce
more.

It was confident surrender that worked my downfall and put nio in
this most horrilde grave. That the peace ofiicer, who dechned my api)li-
eation to guard my life by the courts at public expense, only admiuistcroil
an unlettered law of public sentiment— in which my lot was cast — wliich
is " That one who will not defend himself is imworthy to be defended."
and which history of such proceedings there will maintain as to sentiiiiout
and actions.

Beally, your Excellency, the main force of the prosecution was not

Only Akcument of my Case ever Made.

349

serious aucl grave, but rather as Avitli a snit'ker, iu the way of business and
revenge. But yet they made many good but credulous men believe that
tluy were honest and humane (?), and that I, who — though a farmer most
of my hfe, and with all my hardness as to other things, had never killed
even any domestic animal, except hogs, and though struggling with rugged
fortune, had never struck, in anger, any man, woman, or child — that 1
was a murderer (?). Thus have they pierced me and i)iorced me deej) —
(lei'2)er than they knew — in the region where I live, and where it hurts, us
with many poisoned arrows, and cast me into a stigmatized horrible giavc
uear five hundred miles from where my children were born. Oh ! don't
pliiy with these arrows now, it huiis so ! nor fear to pull them out, or I
had rather " winged the shaft that quivered in his heart ! "

Tirentieth. — Was Mr. Jumiier down during the few seconds of the
shooting dash ? If so, Avhen ? how much '? and how did he get down ?

He was inches over six feet tall, weighed ovt!r 200 i)ounds, and a
boasted man of strength and actiA-ity. His antagonist (for control of the
guu) Aveighed about 150 i)ounds by his word, but he was no slouch either;
lie was active, strong, and brave, or I could not testify to it now. But he
had a throat trouble, hurting him in over exertion, and that it troubled
liiiii very much in the sanguinary struggle. And now be it remembered
that "the pistol shots followed that of the carbine," and "all fired in
quick succession," (more jjroperly, my flmt shut tras fired vith it, which
exjilains the loudness of this, the second carbine shot). "That he (Jumper)
jerked him (Lay) by the gun oft" of his sinking horse, struck him on or
against the head with the butt of the gun and dazed him ; " and that ha
(Lay) (("((s (iuir)i.'" That " nobody had a hand or linger on Jumjier at any
time." That "he gained ten to fifteen yards in distance — his way over
the ground." That " he Avas active and strong to the end of the conflict."
Aud but one of my shots were at all fatal, and no eff'ect was manifested
to— his then — antagonist by any or all four of my shots at a/ii/ time duiing
the conflict, and he averred at the end of it that I "had not Irt him at
all," iiud bittei'ly and madly condemned me for not ' ' kuocldng him down and
staui2)iug Jiis head deep in the ground, damn him .' " and afterwards declai'cd
that " he should have had /or/y hdls into him, instead n/fonr.'" And
this, mark you, from one who was before kindly disjjosed towards him, aud
trying to divert him from his death with never an angry word, nor did any
oue utter an angry Avord to him in the field.

Ho, therefore, it niitst be evident ihat all, if any, of the " doAvu" there
Avas about it, Avas done by me shooting him doAvn A\ith as late as the last
shot, or that together Avith the others. Aud this man, hanging on to the
again cocked gun, or danger, sAvoro that during this time he Avas so dazed
that he did not see, hear, or knoAv of my shots, or see me — all the i)OAvers
of body and mind that he then had being riveted to the gun and danger.

And there Avas no physical or circumstantial proof to shoAv that he Avas
down. Nor did any one Avho Avas uear enough at this time to knoir who

i !

i'1

i^i "

1 i [^H

ii, u

rKpi if

i 1 :.V

350

An Epitome of Fiery STx{uaGij:H.

was sworn, claim to have seen me shoot him when he was down and at
that stage of the fright and fury ! I do not believe that any one ut'ur
cuongh /i) know, coxli/ know hardly one maiifi'om the other, or jnst wheie
he himself Avas, or what he was doing, for it was daugeroiis most any where
aroiiud there then. If this be not reasonable, then Avhy ia it that scarcely
ever does any two, or even a crowd of eye witnesses agree exactly and hon-
estly in desu'ribiugany frightful light done in theu* midst before their eyes V
And that the theory be abont correct, that a man, when excited, is like a
horse to the extent that he cannot comprehoml but one object, or thought, at
a time V But, however, he tf/ itiAs that he shoidd linow everything that had
transpired within the view, and often imagines that he does, Avhen perliaps
he did not know anything. In a side view, if one's sight be shurplv
draAvu to and Ji.r('(( on a frightful man's finger, and "sees the finger
placed on the trigger " of a gun to fire a murderous shot, I do not believe
that he can know certain, within a foot of where the muzzle of the gnu
is, or its exact aim, while his sight and mind is thus fixed and set on the
trigger, and distinctly hears from the/r/V////.s lips "7 irlll kill i/ou ! " " ami
the gun fired and was struck down the instant he said it ! "

But, if a man va. front does not know where that muzzle is, he at least
is impressed with the most biirning, fearful, flaming, blazing imagination,
that can be stamped on and in the brain of man, and will not then discuss
or study about the matter before taking action ! Nor does the most artful
double-dealing flawed law — concocted by sharks and applicable to the
case, require tlmt he should. And I humbly confess that in some of my
wakeful, suffering hours of night, I could imtke any man gnaw the muzzle
of a cocked carbine who would dispute that siich a display must cause
fear of life in the one expecting the shot, and in range of the aim ! Be-
cause I believe he would do it, but to turn and snicker, which I would
never do to even a cannibal, under such circumstances — for money, fear
or fame.

In the tame, cool assassination of Gai-field, who was the man to iu-
stantly jump onto the tame assassin, to rejiel the attack; to gi-asp the dan-
ger with his hands ! though standing all around him ? And were there
any two of the numerous witnesses present who exactly agreed as to what
transpired, or was in view, for a time after the first shot was fired ? I think
not. 'Mark, how they difi'ered about his hat, etc. But what would have
been the state of their minds, were it: a. fierce shooting ,;^_r/Z!< and struggle,
with three biicking, bounding, struggling horses mixed up with the rest ?
Is it not evident, therefore, and anyway — to Avise men or to fools — that had
Jumper been shot any less, that he Avould have succeeded in killing me, if
not others besides, who would have tried to stay him in his rage ?

As to the first point of " the four : "

Your Excellency, Did I have a moral and technical right to be there,
and on the hajiless spot ? This, the prosecution did not attempt to refute,
for the official records near at hand would settle that ; if the very laAVS by

Only Aroujient of jiy Case ever Made.

351

which T was boiug tried (?)-wereany authority to go by, and as boforo said,
thci'i' was novor auy coutest instituted agaiust mo, aud thoro was no ijut's-
tioii as to the lines.

Sacond point of " the four : "

Did I ! Did I ! have a moral and technical right, cause, and just
reason, and in common prudence, to be armed to the extent I was, and to
lia\o my pistol grasped in my hand, immediately jn-eeeding my shots ?
Xor was this disputed, nor was it asserted or daimtul on "trial " (V) that I
wont to the field, or to the spot, with any evil in my heart.

Aud how could that, in reason, be done, under all, or but a i)art of the
sainple circiimstances heretofore shown, germane to the same, and none of
tlieni were assailed, but they were sciuelched. They cut me very short in
my testimony ; indeed, they tried to i)reveut me from testifying at all, and
asked me hut twoqnes/ioiis, when they dropped me aud virtually said, " go
off now and lie down like a good lamb. " (I was being tricked, shanghaied,
and cast out of the way, which I will swear to be true, and can further
show, if necessary), though they did not disi)uto my being there, right on
the spot, and on or about there during many yeara before. Nor did they
(luestion my reputed veracity or good name, though I invited them to do
so by "every witness put on the stand, by either side, or anyone else, or
that 1 was ahvays a peaceable citizen."

Third point of " the four : "

It seems to me that it ynnst he pUdn, that after Mr. Jumper had failed
to swagger and frighten me out of the field, that Avhen he returned to me
again in that manner he plainly showed his certain intent to carry out his
declared and now manifested </etenw//i«//o/i to "shoot me out," and per-
haps anyone else in his way to this end. But as he had just left un-
harmed one of my men without threatening him, and addressed him " as
a friend," and had been on more friendly tenns with the other by me:
AVliy should he, why would he kill him ? What would be the benefit or
advantage to him had they both left, or were dead, and I had remained ?
Except it be to get rid of them as witnesses to more securely murder me !
Could I not get other men, when I had two or three others in my employ
all the season, and could and did I not work myself ?

Did I not, therefore, know that he now knew that — though I might be
easily flattered, imposed on, tricked, betrayed, sold, frightened and
killed^that / would 7iot be bullied or swaggered from my homage ? There-
fore, in the mad, furious desperation of this final attack, tnust I not reason-
ably, instinctively, necessarily and surely be in fear of my life?

If not, what in the name of high Heaven would cause such fear ? If
not, what then was the matter with me when I was bewildered, dazed,
"perfectly wild" from the onset of the attack until after all violence
ended, and at the time a/ter the shooting, when I cried out, "for God's
sake, help us ! " as both sentences were swoni to by even this friend of
Jumper, and added that " (re were all perfectly wild! "

1 ^mn

1:1

If -■■(: ■ ;

;

' r

352

An Epitome of Fiehy Sthuggles.

To/ni; )H>ii- : If law anil Justice Ih the standanl, ami hi/ the eriilt-nc;
ii'hiit irtis t/invKitfcr with me? Your Excellency, what AvaH the canso andtlio
motive of this st(iti>. nffe.nr ? Where did it come from ? Who hunf ed fur
it ? Who made and fired it ? Who drove it in ?

Note than, with my pistol clasped in my hand and thus impresscil,
stami)od, fixed, set with fatal fear, a ml thus uttdckctl! What then is the most
reasonable, rightful and instinctive motive, imimlse, force, current aiul
action to follow V If not to shoot, to repd the atldck, to fioht the friyht/td,
fatal (huKji'r? Did 11 Did I! Did I! have a moral, legal, instinctive
right to shoot the dnmjer ?

If not, why then should I have a pistol in my hand ? If not, why did
he hunt and attack me with a loaded and cocked carbine in both hands,
with blood in both eyes, in a furious rage, and having declared he would
kill me — '^ shoot me out of the field" — in this very way, time, and place ?

In the light of all these established and nmjuestioned facts, w^.s I not
shanghaied ? Or what is the namo for it ? Am I not being butchered, or
what is it that a farmer can understand ?

Fourth ijoint of " the four "—the state of fear.

Your Excellency, when one is thus — as is established I was — in a state
of fatal fear, what is the most probable shortest space of time such state
can be, that the force, power, current of such shooting impulse can exist,
be spent, and the brain be impressed with an adverse or diverse thougbt
so that different action can follow, transpire, by the force of reason ?

To those who may not have given this subject due thought I would
submit, that in such sanguinary attack and conflict, sound and fury, the
brain and mind is naturally, necessarily, spontaneously and uncontrollably
impressed, stamped, fixed, and spell-bound Avith danger for a //?«« or slati;.
That during such state or spell, the reasoning function of the brain (tlie
only accountable motive in man) is suspended or paralized, and he is then,
therefore, consequently and unavoidably simply a machine, in the jjower
and control of an engineer, or distinct jjower [instinct) which is in-esijonsi-
ble to any man.

That, therefore, the acts that are done during the time of such state
of fear or spdl, are the spontaneous, ungovernable acts of artless instinct,
nature, and of God.

That a jMn-son cannot cry and laugh at one and the same time ; that
he cannot write with one hand intelligently on a serious or dangerous sub-
ject or event with much force of thought, and at the same time write vdi\x
the other hand with force of thought on an opposite or a diverse subject,
also, that when the mind is firmly set, fixed, or strained on any thought—
as of apjjarent danger — such thought and impression cannot be suddenly
dropped, removed, or rubbed out, sufficient for the brain to receive an-
other or oi)posite, or a diverse impression, distinctly impressed or iihoto-
graphed, so that it be possible for intellii/ent opposite or diverse acts to fol-
low instantly ; that before such other dififerent acts can be displayed, au

. I .^

Only Argument op my Case ever IVLvde.

353

eritknc,
w and till!
mi*ed fur

mpresseil,
H the most
imnit luul
) /riijhl/ul,
iuHtinctive

)t, why dill
3tU bauds,
I he would
jildce ?
, Wi.fi I not
.tchered, or

1 — in a state
e such state
le can exist,
rse thougbt
3ason ?
;ht I would
d fury, the
controllably
'Jim; or stdti;.
le brain (the
he is then,
the ijower
irresponsi-

such state
less instinct,

time ; that
|gerou3 sub-
write Avith
Irse subject,
thought—
36 smldenhj
I receive au-
or photo-
, acta to fol-
tplayed, au

interval — a space of tinifi — must and does thoroforo intervene, and that
duiiug such interval of time, the motive or nuisoning power gets to work
and works another, or photographs siich diff(u*ent impression on the then
jiiissivo brain, (i/lcr which intelligent and resjjonsible acts are done, and
not bi'foi'O or soo'.er van they be. That during such interval or inter-
mediate H2)ace of time, a jjerson is necessarily in a state of bewilderment,
perplexity, folly, and of instinct, it may bo passive or intense, extnuno or
active, or dazed — according to the force of events transpiring or trans-
mitted in the way — and which the force of instinct deals with in its own
simple, artless, yet most efl'ectivo way; that this sjjace of time, from reason
to reason and state of fear, in my case, as a matter of established fa<'t as
heretofore shown, did extcmd from the time Jumper made his linal attack
and tired, iintilhe was disarmed, or gave up his gun, ortherepelhngof the at-
tack was accomplished. That.besides being established by personal evidence,
the instinct of reason teaches that such time must be greater than the
fi^w seconds of the shooting tlash. That, therefore, if I committed any crime
it was in performing my homage and grasping my pistol.

That no standard law (or any other I ever heard of) classes a-i murder
ANY act or acts done in such a state. But that, however, in nnison and
fact I did not shoot as long as the fatal danger lasttjd, and that it was a
most extremely narrow escape or miss from death that I had from first to
last— from the onset until the gun was surrendered.

That none of such reasoning or discussion, as I have roughly cast,
wasallowed meat my "trial" (?) or to argue or sum up the case, or to
use diagrams that were drawn for the occasion. But that to impeach the two
jirosccntion witnesses, each as to some part of their evidence, and to es-
tablish the words sjjoken by Jtimper as he fired, was held to be sufficient ;
which was done, besides the other e\'idence as before noted. The declar-
ation, " I will kill you ! " was not disputed.

That the evidence, or rather stxff, hy which I had been held without
bail or trial, or hearing, was, as before shown, of Jumper's partner [who
wa-i not even arrested] and the other prejudiced and interested witness
[who was not prosecuted either] who "didn't care a damn ! what he did
with his gun," if, indeed, he did not urge him on. And who both — as
before also shown — were too distant to kuoAV as to disputal)le material
l)niuts, or parts, or matter ; siii^iiosing anything could or should in reason
ami even justice and law be vert/ material with the iiidisputithlefact, that he
WHS hunting me with a cocked carbine, and murder in his heart!

The Grand Jury, as a whole, I believe, thought as / did, that my trial
would follow immediately, and perhaps, therefore, did not summon any
(>:ii'. who was present at the shooting, and knew the fight, or who was un-
preJTidieed or honest, which criminal negligence doubtless secured my in-
dictment for murder anyway, and the succeeding six months of duress,
and by irhich duress, most '.ile, only could my conv-iction be managed or
accomphshed. Because the evidence to be had up to this time against me,
23

* ,

f ' 1 ' .

:■}

354

An Epitomk of Fiery SriirooLES.

f.- ■

«i,iii

■\vaH roiilly citlicr iiiimutoriul or cIho .so thin, fulso and rotten, tlmt alnioHt anv
clicai) police (■(Hilt lawvcr, or any fanner with aliility onongh to nialus and
hold a t'onifortabh- livelihood ont of tin* p;ronnd, eonld — with meaHnreiucnt,
a dia<^rani, (•onii)aris(in ^^ith eveu its own as orii^inally Hworn, md a li1tl(>
reasoninf^ — nnik(* plain and evident to cn'on a nhild, and bhn', it away hv
any standard of reason, l.iw, justice, or i)roeedent, an ^ler samples given.
The prei)onderan('(^ of personal evi(h>n('e to divert the aim of the f^nn fidni
"my heart" to the num's lif(! hy my Hi(h>, was managed, wrought and
irrmi;/ out of (fiirrss, (fis/rcsa innf/eur, mauag(*d for the pnriioso hy a prac-
ti('(! that would make even cannibals lilnsh with shame, and for whi(di i\m
people were tax(Ml and / held as criminally responsibh^ And this, while I
was hold in vile duress and in a false light, without eveu a hearing, iii; 1
begging f(n' a trial ! A situation that will cause any one's average friends
to stampede like a bimd of sheep when one of their numlusr is attacked liy
a i)ack of wolves, and whiidi was a i)art of the play and swindle ; and,
fxirthermore, it was a surprising trick sjinau/ on lh<^ stuntl. The proof of
which can be discovered in various articles of this — ///'•■ onli/ari/uiwn/, phu,
and stimniiiiij i>p of mil casi; ever made, ami, of course, it could be dono
better.

[To fix the,so witnesses, they Avero indicted for "premedifaled ami muli-
eioiia murder, hearing which one of them ("Jumper's friend"), frightened
AV'th fear, ciied ont, "Oh, my (k)d ! I am as innocent as a child unborn,
but they will Ikdhj (dl of us! " ■\Vhereui)on he was privately interviewed,
a l)argaiu struck, and ho was turned out: But it retpiired six mouths
longer to fix the othei-. ]

The Jury was not chosen by lot and was illegal. And I was tricked
{as any producer can he and is in danger of being by the hidden tri(dvH of
the trade) into an embarrassed duress and misplaced confidence in which
I had no say as to its (the Jury's) construction, or any power against the
traitoroxis tricks jilayod on and off of the stand to my ruin. But yet pint
of the jurymen said, that had it not been for my last shot or two, nothing
could have been made out of the point, or any of the matter iiut against
me anyway and voted the judgement they did, ^vith the hoi)e and exiiecta-
tiou that the execiitive would abrogate it. And those of these who luul
not gone away did prenetdly so petition, and the verdict included a recom-
mendation to the court for mercy.

But to consider duly ■withal the r((pidity of the sJiots — that they were
of the very same impulse — and the manifest danger all the time until (//A/'
the shooting, and the state and imjjiilse of fear and the natural inability of
witnesses to really know much in siicli danger and fury, was it not, indeed,
at least an inconsiderate, a narrow and most unusiial verdict; and was I
and those of my friends who did not stampede, unreasonable, or criminally
unwary, when we trustingly believed that as soon as the circumstances
and traitorous tricks that induced it were shown to the executive, with a
fair petition of the peace and home loving citizens of my section and ac-

i, '

■%■ i,

most uny
uiiko ami
uronu'iit,
,1 a littlo
away liy
IcH pivcu.
gim fviMu
jught and
by a pviuv
whii'li i\w
irt, wliilf I
ariut,', "V.'l
ige frit'uilH
.ttacki'il l>y
u,\l,> ; and.
le proof of
Hltll'llt, l>l'''i>
.111 bo ("luno

edaiidm'di-
I, frigUteued
lilil nnl)orn,
interviewed,
six niontlis

■was tiicked
ien tricks of
ICO in -svbicli
against the
JBut yet part
;wo, uothiiig
put against
land expei'ta-
•se "vvlio Inwl
led a rei'oiii-

[at tliey woro
lie until <'/'''■
inalnlity of
uot, iudi'cd,
and was I
jY crimimdly
trcumstaucps
lutive, witli a
jtion and ac-

Onf.y Auoumknt op my Case ever Made.

355

quaintanco, that my roHtoration would bo very ])roH<'iitly granted. And
wlu'U others, ii'ho unf f/nilti/ of a'im<\ are bo froipieutly roHtort'd in tho
vcfgo of their sentcnceH, irJti/ mn I ///us (/iscriminn/rf/ ii>/iiiiis/? And is it
n<it, indeed, hard and oj)pressivo and nuirderouH to nie in my woro and
wringing distresses and ill health ?

That tho i)rodueing class cannot support a grasping horde f)f sharks
nud hoiuewreckers, hav»» tiui(( left to keep jjosted in the e-.er changing
tricks of their trade, keep the public ])OKted as to every job put up against
tlitiii, and bt'sidt's have time to niako somethiug for the nselves or their
cliildna. That, therefore, it is unfair and grinding to deny recourse to
(1110 of these victims from their nefarious coil, aud without proclamation of
warning made before. That I never had any quarrel or trouble with my
settled neighbors whatever, except with one, but with a few transient
sliurks or raiders, who retpiired of me to buy my peace of them at ruinous
))rices and disLnnor, till I had to run, deliver, fight, or die!

And as only oiia hi ah<>\dfift\i of the first settlers of the land have suc-
ceeded in making, holding and enjoying comfortable homes thereon, per-
ba})s I shv)uld have T)een guided by their experience and been satisfied to
live in a tent. I know whereof I speak, only one in about fftii !

Oh, how bravo and jiatriotic (?) for a [secret] clique of men to divert
tlie powers of government, to wreck and devastate a well-earned and
happy home! And take the life of a single, solitary, '~ -^"able tiller of the
soil, on tho strength aud sadness of tho funeral of one who at least had
tho sand to undertake it alone.

That I have imiilored your Excellency and his Honor, not to consider
the dignity of state or fimctions of oflice, or of personal feelings too great,
to iioiut out to my understanding mnf aisr (i;/iiinst me, or to show any re-
futation of the iioints I have roughly taken, when all the circ^umstances
are duly considered; or that these are uot germane and rightly taken, or
lus to which, if any, need further proof, t'xplanation or reference? But
have been granted nothing as to the same, except that I ' 'was convicted by
a Jury of my countrymen."

I have also, throughoiit, begged for executive mercy (though "the
world </f"'.s turn round"), and ever ready to confess to any guilt or sin,
shown to my understanding, or to that of my near or proven friends, and
to mend my ways or pursue others entirely different, if such rule be
shown to me by which I can live better, in more peace and less dishonor,
^^hic■ll also have fallen on stony gi'ound, leaving me in the dark and as
one in a dream — having been pushed off of a high bridge, and though
louscious of the fatal fall, yet powerless to combat or avert it, except by
a hand in sight but withdrawn or clinched.

Anything as to my statements of my case, etc. , that may be too con-
( ise and suggestive rather than complete and exhaustive, [and retpiiring
a day or two to read it, as is the case when a member of a secret gang is
tried,] and may, therefore, (on account of its comparative brevity) not

iMi

■1

1 :

J ■

i ■

■■V-.

m\A

irf .r

356

An Epitome of Fiery Struggles.

seem jilaiisible to a previdiced or contracted understanding, function or
motive, can be shown wherein and why It is true; as, for example, why, if
these things be all true, did my neighbors and friends permit my op-
jircssion ? Because I did not wiiil about my trouble nor proclaim it from
the housetops or through the press, but kej.'t on my even, peaceful, con-
fident course; my relatives were far away, I belonged to no clique or
clan, but looked jonfidently on "every man in the right as a brother "
and honesty as honorable. My neighbors ami friends are peaceful citi-
zens — not sharks or containing the element of mobs — and IhkI IronlAe (uul
k)ilenou(/h o/theh' own to keep th era very busy, and did not think there
could be any conviction; naturally thinking that when one had ahilitv
enough to i:)rosper so long and well, where so many others had failed,
that he should have sense and character and means enough to take care of
himself or to choose proper and safe assistance, if he was right — not suj)-
l)osing that their own taxes and government could be turned against him
in such a case, and there was dirt cast and thrown into their ej'es [by the
lying gang] from the outset, throiigh which many could not see clearly.
But some, of course, did not care anyway, for they could now cuh li uj) iu
the rugged struggles of life, foolishly shutting their eyes to the fact, tlmt
such selfish lack of critical interest [and earnest action] is just what keqjs
lis eternally ground in the dirt; and of their turn to come to /eel it, iu om'
■way or aiiolher—ffti/ chances to one!

But my neighbors did volunteer much help, as much of the evidence,
eKv, shows, and offered more of such assistance, I have no complaiat
against my n('ighl)ors and they have none against me, whilo there are
some whose troubles will ever be mine also.

But the single fact, that the ground and iiortion of the field Avhcre the
tragedy occurred was never measured, shows how sadly, indeed, they iiiis-
ju<lged my ability in choosing honest assistance, though tJtei/ would not
oppress me on account of my ignorance.

The f/iiess of the two interested, jirejudiced, distant, etc., prosecutiou
witnesses alone was .sought and taken as to their distance off from tL'.'
shooting. One was on one side of that body of plowed ground and thf
other about opposite and some distance outside of tlu fence, and wlm
f/ia'ssed at tht; distance from the shooting as aboNi' half that of the former,
who put his distance at 1 10 yard-i.

Now there wus an unju-ejiidiced man present at this jiretense of a trinl
who, wliile ivi niy emi)loy, plowed that ground, and he guessed this di>
tauce, Avhile he was even stepping it so much, to be "a quarter of a mile,"
4 JO yards, (instead of "210" as put and accepted), but which (440yard;<i,
however, was about 100 yards too great; but had it not been deemed I'y
others [secretly] against me, that "they had i)laced themselves far cnougli
out of distance" and reason, with the other circumstances and impeach-
ment against them, then the one (piarter of a mile (4:40 yards) would li;iv"
been his (juess evidence as to the same, although subpa>uaed l)y the jim-

Only Argument of my Case ever Made.

357

si'iution in their raking the coiintiy for threats from me — as though I
would not have the right to ilefeml myself on my owu home anyway — (I
never had a quarrel Avith any man in my employ, nor did I "murder" any
of them, nor had I threatened Juihik i- with more than legal i)roces3 to
them, nor would any one of them swear that I had. This one swore, that he
"plowed about 40 acres for me there," and ho plowed less days than
others had for me in breaking this field, and with the same four-horse
team. Yet, they would not let any of these testify as to the distances.
Aud I had hauled and laid into fence nearly every pannel of fence ai-ross
and about thoic uud had worked on this land in this and other ways for
vpars, and had it partly fenced before it was survej-ed by the Government,
so that / could have guessed, as knowingly as anybody, if allowed; had
not the evidence of these two witnesses [don't you forget it] by whom
my indictment and near ten months of vile duress was cast and my con-
ric'tiou (V) fi.\ed, put up, secured — been de(nned to be already abun-
dantly refuted, "so that my knowledge as to the fight and trouble and
distances would bo superfluoiis. " Didn't tvunt 'me to testify nt idl ! [An if
(iHfi win) i/isinuides that I iiuta honestly defended or htd ani/ re<d trial, Is
a lliir, :i thief (tad <i eitr, duel a traitor at heart.]

A portion of these rails I bought of Jumper himself in the Avc^ds, for
this expressed 2)urpose, and afterwards when h(> had started in to ;umpthe
lauil. ho admitted to me m the presence of others, in these, his owu words,
that "no man has e\er treated me better than you have."

This was a quarter section of school land destitute of water (so as to
be of little or no value as a home by itself) and adjoining my other land.
I had it leased in due form, besides tirst inqjrovements, and had it en-
closed — which was tn-ti points more than the law required. Jumper's pre-
text was that certain sharks had told him to " sail in." that the statute by
which such lands had, was and is being taken and held (in nearly every
county of the territory) was void. But as it (the law) had not be(m abro-
gated by the courts, aud as (dl of the st(ttiites are flawed for to he <inestloneil
for a price, I therefore reijuin.'d, and was willing to < ntend for some-
thing more official than his word or otlii>r tatth', and I'leu he siiid he
"AS'ould give me an ounce of lanl." And 1 shouM hue taken it, should I ?

]3ut another gentl. manhad been trying to i\\n^l^ another portion of my
home to which I had for years a United Stut^^s patent, he going into an-
other tield and took 2K)ss(!ssi<m of my springs and only water— some one
hundred and fifty (150) yards within a wAi marked government line on
ilpi'ded laud T had lived and pione(>red on for yeirs when my settlement
was a suV)jeet of ridicule and jest -and denied me even water nect>ssary for
my domestic use aud that of neighbors who were in a measure dependent
1111 the same, and this after I was out o\ ir $\'iO to acurommodate him or in
Imying my peace. He told me " if I wanteil watei'. to dig for it," and I
did not "murder" him, or arm myself in any way, because he only used
•I lia If dozen men to take poasession with — no carl.iu> I vainly i)leaitl lO

t \l

l\ni

358

An Epitome of Fiery Struggles.

him for several weeka for only enough Avater for domestic use, ami -while
we "vvore carrying it nt^ar oiHi-quar^'cr of a mile ou his account; l))it I
finally got very tired and ashamed of myself ; then I told the genth'iuau
to take a turn as water carrier himself. He did not like it, and, of course,
I was in hia way then, and ao he said " he would help Mr. Jumper with his
jol.."

I waH willing to divide up occasionally with such influential ^^entk^-
men so that they would inTuiit me to live in their country, but they fic-
qui'iitly want to take all an " idiotic haymaker" has, to divide it up tlicui-
selves. Aud, of course, if the Ooverniuiait and press and false fricmls
back them, then' can get away with it every time, and butcher anylxxly in
the way. Although being awar(> that the courtsdo not often <lefcud homes
without at least mortgaging them into the ground, yet I inqjlored these
gentlem(>n, that such was the more civilized and advanced method of get-
ting them, and if tliey wanted mine, to take it in that way, that " it would
look bettt'r anyhow aud I wanted to see how it was done ;" l)ut to insti-
tute Buits and divide iho stock in that way would be too tedious fen* tlieni,
they wanted it tltnti, or I must die ! ^Ftist I? Tliese gentlemen were
[close] friends and talked to me of each other, and one of them (ii(f show
me "how it is done," fiKt if irits oit t/te f/nirili/ of Ihi' ullici' oif't^fum'rdl.

It was he w-ith his men and but two or tlii'ee others of liis friends tlmt
was the iwwer at the throne, at which I was first held or (Jmnghiticd ; he
had a shot-gun and otlu-rs of them were in like manner armed, and he ili^l
"do it with a grin." It was afterwards said [and is yetj that a ipiart of
whiskey added that night would have been my death, together with tlmt
of the oidy u(\ir witnesses to their defeat the day l)efore ; but otliers
would have bitten the dust also. Tliis is the little midnight mob noteil at
the outset; this is the "serioua" grave (?) force that prosecuted uiul
hunted me to the grave, and which ijrjictice is being justified by my bludd.
This is the "brave" (V), i)atriotic (?), \drtuous (V) element "that is tlms
being venerated and backed ! "

la there no ottice without the reach of such power ? no official heart
but what is mellow to such "seiious" (V) j) ray era, and hardened to the
sons of honorable toil ?

And I have written as truly as Bancroft could write this history, but
it is no pleasure for me to write it, and I am suffering because it is true,

If yonv Excell(>ncy Avonld gra.it me butanotlun' chance to live against
tlie forty-nine, then i)ermit me to swear to this ei)itomo and ouli/ ilisoission
of mil case, by the sentence, by sections, or as a whole, as far as I prcteiul
to know; stand what is left of me on but the partial level of a liaggled, re-
stored victim, and if any one would face me with a denial, I can be tiieil
by another "jury of my countrymen " for perjury, and in which event, it'
it 1)0 criminals your E.'ccellency wants, thcii can be found, though I be not
iionvicted any more.

The good citizens of my section, if your Excellency please, may be

t ; l)ut I
jeutU'iuau
of course,
lH" witli///s

lal ^,'entle-
they frc-
h up thciu-
Iso fricmls
inyliDily in

't'Ud llOllKS

(irctl tln'sc

lOtl of f^'ft-

'• it would
ut to iusti-
s for tliiMii.
.emeu were
m ilh( Hhdw

friends tliiit

,n^liiti<'d; lie

p and lie ill'l

a quart ef

■r with that

hut others

lob uoted irt

,eeut«d iuul

my hloiiil.

lilt is thus

il'u-ial heart
nied to the

liiHtory, Imt
it is true.
liv(! afiainst
'(/ (lisoifxion
IS I preteml

laj^'phnl, re-
■au ho trieil

eh event, it'
[^li T he uot

ise, may l)e

Only Argument of my Case ever Made.

359

swayed to trust in men who always have aud Avill tap their grauaries to
the Injttom ; but au augel from Heaven eould uot make them believe that
they have uot lost the grain, or that the courts are perfection, infallible,
aud mercy a sin.

"With all possible humility, and respect and (-ourtesy, I submit for
decent consideration, whether it is jtlainly and l)y good aaUioiity shown
that instead of the flock of crows, so immense as to darken the sua of
heaven against me, that in truth there never \\ as c^ven a single, solitary little
blackbird; and that this storm was i)ut uji for plunder aud crime in the
cowardly, sneaking, traitorous, deadly guise of friendship and of justici'.
And by which I have Ixh-u iilunderedof my liberty and life, of my family,
of my hard aud well earned home aud herds, and my children of their
riulitful care and heritage. Aud this by gentlemen who would rob orphan
cliildreu of their last chicken and their doll, cast them in prison to hide
their crime, and v.oixld stdl their Saviour and their souls fen* a litth; moiicy
—these cut-throats aud sharks ! Aud on their account I must be butch-
ered ! Must IP

Your Excellency seems to h'"- vc forgotten — it being.srj long ago — that not-
witlistanding my case having not been fully aud fairly made known to the
public, that yet my restoration has long since been seriously petitioned for
hy my neighbors — with scarcely exception for several miles about me —
witli a goodly and re)'->«<>ntative portion of the other good citizens of my
counties and range, a"; ! \' h a jiortion of that " jury of my cmiutrymeu "
that so haplessly "con,..!, d" (?) me, and thisAvithout any remonstrance
friiin any (prart(>r or person — at least inddich/ or sijiiart'/)/ (Innc. And that a
fi'iHully ijortiou of these ai'<' Christian men, of manly honor and tine feel-
iugs. aud comi)rise the best elements of society ; men who Mould not cling
to a h'gal mistake or fiction if tliey only half know it, if it d(>secrates a
fiuidamentiil aud beautiful truth, or the, sacred sentiment of charity.
Your Excelli'ncy, all of these petitionei-s know much as to the struggles in
earning and holding a home aud livelihood in their country, of courts and
sharks, whom artless men cannot kn(jM withont experience, of my trouble
au'l distress, aud th(\v know me. I thiui . to a num. as a citi/en, husband,
father, aud somewhat as au otlieial. and as a neighbor, not as perfection,
nh. 11(1 ; but they are not afraid 1 would " murder" anybody, or willingly
liriiig sorrow to any lireside. Tlu'se good<'itizens jiray to your Kxeellrncy
that I be no longer held as a dejiraved criminal ! Are their prayers to
avail me nothing? Will such a force of jiraycr not jiliase tlie executive
heart and tind therein a single sj)ark of mercy ?

Your Excellency could also discover among these petitions men who
ut the outset of my trouble were active in my downfall, they would give
me a whirl in the way of business, they would fight me when I could
ti^'li* them in return ; but wIumi they had won the contest, tlfi/ wouhl
not oppress mo to the deain. and have prayi-d that your Ivxcelleucy do
Hot Of Hueh as thev I never wailed, la such 1 can cherish no hatred.

' ' ' ' H'

■ 1

IJi

Hltt

^ft.!

*^ 1^'

1; Si

360

An Epitome of Fiery Struggles.

And I am loth to opon soits that might otherwise be healed, and re-
frain from d(jing no except bo far as my situation oomix'ls, and -which
I think your Excellency might consider. Are the prayers of these also
to he disdained ?

I would also beg to remind your Excellency of an additional dusty
2)etition, composed as it is of rejjresentative men of exalted order in
my native state, including a Supreme Judge of renowned talents. That
tliese petitioners also know me in a manner, and consider my word alone
good enough for them to base their action on, and they know ■what was sworu
to against me. That to imjiose on and stultify these petitioners I would
necessarily be a consummated villain, bom, bred, and practiced ; and to
2)resumethat they would impose on or stultify your Excellency, would not
be done by those who know them well. It is hard and mortifying to think
or know that the prayers of such men — who would extend tome from
afar a helloing hand, though in troiible and stigmatized as a felon — glance
or bound to the ground.

But though your Excellency may consider all of the ardent i)rayers
in my behalf as if but a casual breeze, and me as a vicious animal, fit only
for the yoke and the slaughter, and my wife and children as but suitable
victims and game for depravity ; yet, thank (lod, those of my kind (andtlio
kind are numerous) who know mo and my trouble well, do not so consider
the matter ; though they be powei"less to avail me anything but fruitless,
though ardent prayers.

His Honor — thougli not famiul for excessive mercy, and with th(> dis-
cord of such i)osition, and also while not fully knowing my case — has said
that had tlie literal statute iiermitted it under the verdict, he would have
made my sentence five years instead of ten, and that he would not oppose
my pardon at any time before.

That if, therefore, I have any lights whatever any more, l)ut to suffer,
and quiver, and die ; and it be only a rightful i)ro2)ositit)n to consider ten
years as but a technical sentence, and five astlii! moral or spirit of the judg-
ment against me, and that I am l)y right entitled to the time I suffered in
jail, begging for a trial ; and the abatement of time provided by law for
good conduct, applied on such judgment, then I will in Odnln'r I'r.ri hurt;
fidJilU'il tin: full trriiis (>f mir// Jm/ipticiif. And if this is done, then therefore
I most respectfully submit if your Excellency will not then have entirely
rejected all of the manifest i)rayer8, showings, and i)roofs, so earnestly,
honestly and hundily offered for executive clemency. And that any-
thing beyond wouhl bo simply enforcing a hard, unusual, unintended,
technical, distressing, unlawful swindle of a verdict; made out of fixed
evidence, sprung on duress without a moments warning or recourse, and
■.round out in part by about 115 nimiths of false, pernicious, dastardly iiu-
])risonment and fcur, Hxed up and plotted for the purpose. And I must
be butchered in order to stuff' such practice down the throat of the j'"''!^''

Only Argument op my Case ever Made.

361

as " lionorable " (?) mus/ 1'? That sharks aud cut-throats may fatten on
human misery '■.ntl blood.

That the single germane, iudisimtablo fact, that iTunii)or was hunting
me on my home, ■with a cocked carbine in both hands, with murder iu his
heart, and having declared to me and to others that " he would do so and
kill me" on the very occasion, makes e^•ident of itself that his death was
only a pretext and blind used by unconvicted, criminal sharks, to use the
])ower and taxes and protection of government to suck my blood. And
liiul these blooil-siickers been in like manner and intent with Jumper at
tlic front and I had killed them all, would it have been murder ? Or ara
I and my whole tribe savages or fools, indeed ?

Though always loth to bewail my troubles -with or to men, yet, I owe
it to myself, to my children and my kind, to thus submit my case at this
late day for public as well as executive consideiation. as I am still being
haggled in the deadly guise of fiiendship and of justice, till some of my
old friends would hardly know me now; and my name and pride which
before was not considered bad, to take alone iu the way of business any-
way, is being haggled too. And I have been choked and supi)ressed and
oppressed, and bctniiied and sold, till this is but a death rattle. But if any-
thiug in conflict with, or denial of any of my avertments be embrai'cd and
then intelligently and honestly sifted, i)ressed and hammered, it will fly
in burned fragments, and no jjoint be made that will pierce or turn any I
have sliown in my case or character. And let any one who would care to
know Uie truth as to my trouble know it now and not loi'get it, as is valu-
ed aXi that is most dear and sacred and beautifid to man.

Very truly,

Geo. \V. France."

wi\i%

I i-u. M

: ;. < : ' I

CHAPTER XIX.

Prison experience concluded. — Effoi-ts to get my case before the Supreme
Court. — Copious extracts from my iliaiy ke))t in prison. — " Cousi tier-
ing my case."— "Beeing alumt it," etc. , etc. — My appeals to Legis-
liitures, the President, Congress, etc. — How changes in Governors,
etc., are discut'sed by prisoners. — Prisoners that ■were shanghaied aud
never co»r,'c/'^d. — Howl established my good conduct against tlielyiii<j;
gang. — The "good Judiciary. "--Eftorts of and for other prisoners
and results. — Eemoval to Walla Walla. — My release, etc.

1 HE Governor treated tlie epitome, etc., of the foregoing
chapter just as he had all other communications in my Leluilf,
because he %vas 3 ble to squelch it from the people, of whom he
said, " they make great clamor over }:>ardoning." He was dead
to every generous or just emotion and every elevated senti-
ment.

So then I made an effort with the " good Judiciav}' " to
grant me some kiud of a trial wherein I could be defeutied or
defend myself, and in accordance with, the same wrote the
following letter :

"Seatco, Thurston Co., W. T., June 21st, 1882.
Hon. S. C. Wingard:

I hereby ajjjdy to your Honor for a new trial. 1 can show ten tinifs
more than the reasons usuiilly deemed sufficient for other men. The sub-
ptnnce of which are that theiv is not, and never was, any real case of crime
,,'.;■. ^asi me, and there was and is an abundance of i)rcof to estabhsh be-
yond dispixte my entire innocence of uny crime. That I simply killed an
assassin, ivho Avas hunting me like a wild beast on my own liome, Mith a
cocked V arbine in both hands and declared murder in his heart; that I shot
only after ho had made the attack and fired the first shot, and while lie was
trying to kill me with his gun again cocked; that I thus defended my life
by every other right, besides following the advice, counsel and directimi
of a "court of justice"; that my commitment to jail vas bulldozed by a
httle armed gang in the middle of the uigbt, (\\ hich gang had ju'evioiisly
tried to jump another portion of my home, to which I had a U. S. pctent)
they ha\dng a shyster " lawyer " for ^clerk tind to fix ui« tlio proceeding's,
■who was alsfj thei i.icosecutiug attoi'ne\, aud 1 was not ))ermittcd any

'I'i;at ■wlaen in dures-s. my counsel betrayed or sold me, kept me m jail
fur('\er»inc uioutirs, whik> they heljHHl to m*J)ag'' niy conviction, iint-
withstuuUdiig you bad declared & williQgue»i» to ^ivo ue ttu iiu-

My Release.

363

nietliato trial, or examination, wbii-li slionld have omlod my tvoulile. That
they extorted my means of defense by the most base, false juvtenses, and
refused to be discharged when I had found them ont. ThatC. . exju-essed
with 1110 at court great surprise at the trick ai)ruug on the stand (that the
gun was aimed at another), when it transjiired that he had l>i/<>re granted
tliis in his charge for you that was rejected. That he had previously de-
cliircd to me, that he "had great influence with the court, that it loved him
though ho despised it, and that ho had written a charge for it which would
be the charge to the Jury, and under which I must be accjuitted, so it
would be superfluous to make out or sliow all of my case," or to hammer to
jiioccs and destroy (as could be done) all that was sworn against me.

All of which foregoing I will swear to and can give a bill of pavtii;ulars
as to the same, as conclusive as any similar victim ever can under the same
circumstances and duress.

If there is any recourse for such as me in the courts of this country, I
want to find it; and I most respectfully and courteously hereby apply to
you to assist me in doing so.

Geo. W. France."

1 s ■

I also applied to others and to the Chief Justice of the
Supreme court, only to find it to be so exclusive and hi«^h-
priced and prostituted that to get there I would have to iiave
the way and by-waya with gold in quantities which, by this
time, I had not.

Could anarchy be any worse condition for the common
people ?

Some months after the delivery of my epitome to the Gov-
ernor, ho was at the bastile and I took occasion to spread out
a copy of it on a table before him, and urged him " to poivt out
a single move, intent or act in my conduct as to the fight, or any-
wliere in the trouble that was bad, and to say what more he
retpiired? "

To which he replied in the presence of ovhers (which I
have tlie documents to prove), " Of cour.se, France, you have a
very strong case ; I cannot discuss it with you, but I will let you
go on the recommendation or favorable report of the Judge."
To which I replied, " You know. Governor, that Judge Win-
gard will not recommend or solicit any man's pardon." "But,"
he replied, " I do not require that : you get only ix favorable re-
port or word from him and / icill hi i/ou j/o."

I then asked him if he knew Mr. N . , ex-president of the
council, and " Avhether he would consider him a reliable man ? "

); } (8

• i

"HP^

I w

3G4

EXTIIACT8 FUOM DiAUY KeI'T IN PllISON.

to which he replied that he " did know him and considered hira
very roliable, indeed." I asked him to " publish my case uiul
argument (epitome) and see if anyone could be found who
would assail it or discuss it with me." No reply. I then sug-
gested that " he refer the question of pardon to any three
ministers," he replied he " guessed we could get along without
preachers." (The one who came there said he "would have
(hnie just as I did, by the evidence.") I then wrote to Mr. N. .
stating to him what the Governor had promised, and requested
him to see the Judge accordingly, to which Mr. N . . replied as
follows directed to me :

"Dayton, W. T., October lOtli, 1882.
Mr. W?t. B. . [who was tho chief ooutractor of the bastile.]

Sik: — You will ilo me a favor to assist Geo. W. France to get ai)artlt)ii.
I know he has paid the penalty of tlie crime, which he Avas impiisoned for.
Theroforc. it being justice to the man and the laws, I ask that you see tlie
(it)vernor and stat(! the case to liini.

Jialje Wiuijiird thinks that Fntncf is entitled to a p<trdon.

Yours trulv,

II. G. Newland."
Also this to me :

Dayton, W. T., Oct. lOtb, 1882.

I have received yours of tho 7th, inst., and also

one before that, I should have answered, but Judge Wingard was away at
the time. I spoke to him last Satiirday ; he said, ho was willing that yon
should have an unamditinnid pardon now, and I hope tho Governor will
grant you an unconditional pardon immediately.

Every one here that knows anything of your case expresses a desire to
have you luudoned. So the Governor need not be afraid that the public
opinion is opijosed to your being pardoned out of i^rison.

Y'ours truly,

B. G. Newiand."

Not hearing from this effort, I addressed the Governor as
follows:

"Seatco, Oct. 2Gth, 1882.
To his Excellency: — [Bill Links.]

I herewith send your Excellency copies of letters from the Hon. R. G.
Newland, transmitting Judge Wingard's substantial recommendation for
my pardon. Believing that this fulfills your Excellency's requirements
and trusting that you will not be unmindful of yoi;r jiromise, I, therefore,
have sent for means to reach the wreck of my home and family.

I presume this matter has been presented to you by Mr. B . . , as be

My Release.

3G5

E^VIlANP.

hiis promised to do bo, ami " loml all the aHsiHtanee iu i)ro('iiring my release
that lies in his power," but I Avoiihl not neglect any portion of Jiligeuce,
duty or i)rivilege in uneh a rilitl itidllrr to me. itiul mini'. I have said thut I
was •willing to be ahlirjdted to show and estaljlisli to the satisfat'tiun of the
Judge, that there was not even the shadow of any true case of crime
against me, and I still court the ojjportunity to do so.

Very resi)ectfully,

Geo. W. Fkance.

Copy. Seatco, W. T., November 24th, 1882.

Dear Sistek: — Yours of the 8th, inst., just received, with §25; but my
pardon is still withheld, notwithstanding the Judge's substantial recom-
lucudation and the Governor's 2)rom.ise that this would efl'ect my release.
Geo. W. Fkance."

Fbom my Pkison Diaky.
"J(t)i. 20th, 18H'3. — Gov. [Links] here. He came to me, 82)oke and
extended his hand very cordially; examined the medicine I was taking
(digitalis, iron and bismuth), noted my condition, saying: "you are cer-
tainly quite unwell," etc., and that he " would see me aijuiu bi'fore hf. left."'
but he did not, and left without me getting anything out of him as to my
ri'lease and the Judge's substantial recommendation. He is on his way to
the States."

So I again appealed to the Judge, as follows :

"Seatco, W. T., March 1st, 1883.
The Hon. S. C. Winoard. — I beg your Honor to consider that in
August next, without any rebatement (and to concede to me the time I lay
iu jail begging for a trial), I will have suffered five years of most terrible
imprisonment and distress; that my health is imimired, and that my home,
tliiit I toiled the best years of my life to make, my means of livelihood,
family and atlairs are in a most encumbered and deplorable condition, be-
yond my control. That, as I am i)laced, I cannot attend to and protect
anything, and fiiends who would help me declare their inability to do so,
and that I am "already ruined ! " They have suggested that I take certain
artiou in the matter, but find that my duress is such that I cannot ac-
complish auytliiug, nor to even communicate with my wife and children
to know definitely the ijroper mode to i)ursue. And the breach is made
wider, the intriguing coil drawn tighter, and the ravage more ruinous every
day and hoiir. I beg your Honor to consider that I have ever earnestly
plead and affirmed that there was in truth never a stronger case of self-
defense, and that there was and is indisputable jn-oof to establish this be-
yond fair question, and all else that I have claimed. And I have continu-
ally, from the day of the tragedy, plead and begged for an opportunity to
so establish it. But instead of granting this right I am condemned to
destruction, with no efi"ective recourse, excei)t through your Honor's viore
ettviii'M endeavor. If you are loth to otherwise efl'ect my release now, under

t.,-

\f'-\

it'i

.:^

■*

*,;

366

Extracts from Diary Kept iif Prison.

I-;'

■

'■'\

such vital and critical eircumatancos ami mififortunc— far roaching as tlicv
1)0 — or if JiHcredit as to the truth of anything I have iittorod Ito iu the wav,
thon I l)og that you reoommeud and urge my reloaso ou condition that I
make each and every assertion that I have made and do make as to aiiv
l>haso of my case, tsituation, condition and trouble, good and establislird
within a given time to your Honor's satisfaction, and to be held in reasou-
able restraint or obligation till tlu! same be done. Grateful for favorn
done, I implore you to consider well the full meaning of every wcjrd hem-
in uttered, and that I am willing to stake what is h^ft of my life and fortune
on the truthfulness of my ass('rti(ms, and that time and events have already
proven much that was considered as with a sne(>r.

j\Iost respectfully, and iu great distress

Geo. W. France."

.V<nrh (1th, icS.S.?.— Note from sister M. J., in the States, dated Feb',,
f-~)lji, that "they were tel(>grai)hing to tind tlie Governor to interview him,
etc."

M(trck 18th. — Received letter from lu. J., at Trenton, N. J., where
they wi>re to see the Governor, who had just left very suddenly, but inter-
views his son and interests other parties, so that they are confident I '"ifill
lie released in a month." Date of letter, March 1st.

MnrcJi 20th. — Received the following terms for my release, iu
the name of " the people " (?) (that had really declared tluit
they were unanimous for my restoration) which I will give as a
fair example of severai. such propositions :

"PoMEiioY, Garfield Co., W. T., March 8th, 1883.
G. W. France, Seatco, W. T.

Dear Sir: — I write to you to ask what is the least you will take for

a deed to vour homestead

This is private between us. I have been feeling the pulse of the "people"
and trying in every way to see what chance there is for you to be released,
I know of only one way possible, and that is for you to have a few hundred
dollars. Would communicate the facts, if I knew how to get them to you
privately.

It is no illegal plan, but the best plans are sometimes frustrated by too
many knomng them.

Let me hear from you at once, and the least you will take in cash to
sign a deed to the land named.

Would you give it to get out honorably, if it could not be effected for
less ?

Hoiiing you are iu health, I remain yours,

Oh, no ! this "people " (?) ("who clamor ") would not rob
or ravage, or murder anybody. They would only give them " a

My Release.

3G7

fair iinti miprejuiliced trial," (?) torturo, betr.av, deceive aud loot
tlunu of all — eirri/f/iUKj they possess! Aud do it so "legal-
ly " and so " hunoi'dhJy " (?) while to saud-l)a<^ a man, take only
§9 aud a silver watch and l(>t him go on home, is made a crime !

" Oh, consistency, thou art a jewel." But think of tlie ex-
cnrsion tickets, the sogars aud whiskey and newspajier pufls
tliis " people," (?) would enjoy oiit of .so many yen rn of toil (nid
hineM endeavor ! Oh! my "people!''' "Would you, oh, would
you, so " legally " aud so " //'>«oraW// " picnic in my miserable
ruiu, or " clamor " that I die ?

Is this the price of liberty ? No ! vol even thai, l)ut to still
toil on for another such picnic to the gang.

"For THIS his sioord the midnight ruffian dran's;
For THIS the licensed inurderer spurns the laws,
Hears his proud head dimi'ish'd justice o'er,
His trophies watering icith ti, brother's gore"

" The dagger, hid in honors specious guise."

Mitrch 2 ilk. — Governor [Liuks] here. Was distant and cold, said,
"lie knew my ease ns well or better than I did, and if he wanted to talk
any more to me about it, he would let nu; know."

"There was a laughing devil in his sneer."

7/i; would "sini/f (1)1(1 smile, ir/iile secret irouuds did bleed heneath MY
cloak."

Perhaps I had better deliver up my homestead, my livelihood, so
mmji years of honest toil, and take to the road. Curse them, if I do!
'■'liitisc.d the fire of venyeonce in the hearth But how do I know, but they
mwhl take the price and hold me all (he same, or put me in die ground to hide
their crimes, as no secubity is held out tliat I would not i/ct he held.

"Some men have so little sense of honoi*, that they do not regard an
oath as to theu' duty, even in the discharge of oflieial duty. He who kicics
at this, hia conscience stings and is the man."

March 20 fh. — Mr. B. . came to see me; said, " there was no
public sentiment against me whatever, and that the people
wauted me out, except members of the gang," and said he
" Would see the devils in HELL hefore he icxndd give them a dollar
more." But I was to be in hell while they were in clover.

April 18th. — Received letter from M. J., that they had been again to
New Jersey and "were assured by the Governor's son, that he would soon
(tccomjjUsh my release," etc.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

1 2.5

1^ m

^... l£

2.0

LA. Ill 1.6

"^ 'j>y

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MA!^< STORET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSi'i

(716) S72-4S03

V'i

tf.i u

T I

k (

368

Extracts from Dury Keit in Prison.

" Oh, labor to keej) alive in your breast that little spark of celestial
fire, called conscience."

As to his Excellency's veracity: he writes as follows to a
sister in the States :

"Tebbitory of Washington. — Executive Department.

OiiYMPiA, March 30th, 1883.

Dear Madam : — I did not receive your note

desiring to see me until after I reached this place. My son. Dr. [Liuks],
Jr. , wrote to me. I have given much investigation to the case of ]\Ir.
France, and regret to inform you, that it was a much more aggravated case
of mortal shooting than, perhaj^s, you know of. His case was fairly tried
and the Judge considers thejyenalty not excessive, I must state reluctantly to
you, that I have but little consideration for any person who takes human
life, except in clear cases of self-defense.

I am yours truly,

[Bill Links.]"

To which she replies as follows :

Governor [Links]. — Dear Sir: — Yours of the 3()th of

March was duly received and its most mysterious contents sadly read, and
to our great sorrow not favorable to my brother's release. WJi^ is it that
Judge Wingard acts so strangely in this matter? He certainly has to others
said plainly that he would not oppose his pardon, besides the petition for

his release was signed by almost the whole communitii

His action i^uems so strange.

Did you not long ago receive a letter transmitting Judge Wingard's
substantial recommendation for his pardon ?

The clique who set [Jumper] up, to get brother in trouble, was gov-
erned by no principle or feeling but those which avarice and unprincii)led
an)bition inspire, and are prospering on brother's hard eai-ned property; and
it is to their interest to keep him imjirisoned as long as possible, so that he
may have nothing left with Avliich to redress his wrongs.

I can very easily see how impossible it is for one occupying the positon
of Governor, to understand the workings of so deep laid a plot. But should
any man attack another, as he was attacked, on his own home, while (jniet-
ly engaged with his employees sowing wheat, in this State most surely the
verdict would hejnstijiable.

Time will convince you, honored sir, of the innocence of any crime,
save of the clique and [Jumper] their agent.

My dear brother is losing his health and suffering more than tougue
can tell, and innocent (tsj/ou, sir, or /of any crime, save that of defendinf,' hJH
own life; and all he needs, is a chance to show that there was not evcu a
shadow of any true case of crime against him, and he cc arts the op-
portunity.

My Release.

369

of any crime,

The Jury was composed of au elemout that we would all bo very slow
in intrusting so important a case. Some men have no sense of honor and
uo ri'f^ard for their oath.

I confess uiyself, that I would have very little consideration for any
person who takes human life, excejit in clear cases of self-defense, and I

am N'ov th<tl this van such a case

M. J.*

Mai/ 12th, lS83.—necei\e word from G. H. . . that he will "«•///« the
stiiirliiin ami in conjunction irilh Jndi/e Winr/ard" endeavor to get me released.

I Wliicli is the opposite of his Excellency's statement, that
" tlie Judge considers the sentence not excessive;" so one or the
other evidently lies ; or else the Judge is " strange," indeed.]

"Calumny isoflen milled to oppression, ifbutforthe sake ofjnstifyiny it."

But I have a few friends left through all such reports of
" the lying gang," and some of them urge the " good Judge " to
recommend my release direct to the Governor, and to establish
who it is that is such a cold-blooded, villainous, brutal, cow-
artlly, unmitigated liar, and he replies as follows :

" Walla Walla, W. T., June Ist, 188.3.
His Excellency [Bill Links], Governor.

8ib: — Georye W, France, now in the Ter. penitentiarif under sen-
U'lice/or murdei' in the second deyree, has served imprisonment as loiuf as I
voiilil hare sentenced him to undergo, Jiad the law allowed a less sentence than
limposad. Twj/ respectfully,

S. C. Winoard, Judge."

The foregoing document is considered by other Governors
to be alone recommendation enough to release prisoners, with
nothing else done in their behalf. One Governor (Knott) de-
clared in his inaugural address that he would grant pardons or
commute sentences " only when the court is satisfied that the
sentence is unjust."

And to hold me longer with this staring him in the face
was to rob and torture me on the flimsy pretext of a mere tech-
nical .sentence that had f)een thus altrogated by the " good Judge."
Tlie Governor was so guilty that he would not face me any
more to talk, or make any reply to this recommendation ; he
heeded it uo more than he had the other. He woiild not even
criticise or make objec^tion to it. The question now was " what
excuse would he invent next to spit at my stand by friends, to
injure me, and yet not aggravate them so they would get mad
24

1: \

370

EXTHACTS FltOM DiAllY KeIT IN PRISON.

I*.

and howl out his brutal and mi/sfcrious conduct to the public ? "
So they and I were always being advised to " keep sfill."

But / could get mad and still be damned ; for could tlu'v
not squelch my letters, etc., and thus keep me in the dark, and
the truth hid from the people who "clamor? " This ce^sor.sltip
onr a prisoner s correspondemr should, h' killed I

.lull) S/Ji. — " R. F. . . aud J. . . jnmiMMl nf?aiu."
,////v loth.-'' T. . . and F. . . junipi-.l."

And who could honestly blame them to jump from such a
hell and such a Governor? Why should they be in prison and
the lying gang in clover? They had a right -by the higher law
of Heaven — to wade over the carcasses of such as woidd hold
them there.

Jii/i/ ]-'}tJi.—H. . . came here from Dayton; brought word from ]}. .
that "he wa-s going to work to get me out," ete.

Jx/i/ 2-JnI. — Get note [" undergrouud"] from a frieml, as follows'
"Copy of .Judge W.'s reeommendation received; all right. Be patieut.
Your release will siirt'lij eome ere long from the Governoi'."

We had to smuggle, when we could, such vital papers,
letters and life-or-death business — out and in the bastile — so
thej' would not be squelched by the lackeys of the gang.

Jiihf 2!>th. — I get the following : " We have just returned from Tren-
ton agani; /(oi;' vuike your oilcKltdioita to he relensed very soon."

" Oh, what a tangled web y\e weave,
Whene'er ve practise to deceive! "

Ai"j. o/L — Received letter from Mr. W. . . [It was registered, so I got
it; bat, though he wrote several others, I did not get any of them. J Ho
says, that "Judge B. . . ia working for my release; had written to thoGov-
erDor and to Judge Wiugard; that he was j)eraonally acquainted witli
them both, and that ho would go aud see the Governor and urge my
release; and they were ' rery coiif.i/ftit if success.' Also, that my wifo
was working for my release and thought it so roy strini>ji', I i/lil not
(jct licr letters." — [1 had written a dozen letttn-s to her without receiving
any reply.]

It afterwards transpired that his Excellency next invented
for an excuse to still hold on to me ; not that he " was consider-
ing my case, ' nor "that it was n(>t yet time to consider it," nor
that " the people would clamor," nor that " I had had a fair
trial by an unprejudiced jury and a " gooil Judge," nor that

My Release.

371

3 public?"

could tliey
i (lurk, Jiiul
s censorship

rom such a
i prison luul
i hi}.;her law
would lidltl

rd from 15.

1(1, as fallows:
Be piitieut.

vital papers,
bastile— so
gang.

(I from Tren-
m»."

Btered, so I gut

if them.] He

ton totlioGov-

;q\taiutoil with

and nrgo my

that my ^nf**

iiiijf, I ili'l ""'

hont recoiviug

[ext luventeil

las consiilpi-

iiiler it," nor

ll had a fair

" nor that

"my case was such an aggravated one," nor yet that "the (jdotl
Jtuhje did not consider the sentence excessive," because all of
tlu'se excuses were now worn out and known to my friends to
hi\f(ilsr j))rtcx(s, and he knew that they knew them thus to be.
But as his conduct had not made my friends desperate or
dangerous to him, but only disgusted and sick, and as he was
keeping me choked down (I " iit list hep quiet I ") he could
therefore feed thoit most anything to keep them sick and stiJI,
while I U'dN dying in the oijonij of misiwusc and of despair. So
lie spit this rot into the face of Judge B . and others, that mij
"conduct loas vcrij, very had."

Great God ! Is a man supposed to have «?!// "conduct"
after so many years of cruel torture, and ravage, and betrayal,
aud hjing deceit? Deluded, deceived, oppressed, trifled with,
aud murdered in a living tomb ?

" Oh jiitliji-viPiit thou art fli-if to brutish beosts,
And mea hope lost thi'ir rcostiu."

And if he still lives and has some kind of " conduct " left is
he to blame ?

And yet, during this very time the chief prison officials
were promising to recommend my pardon to the Governor " if
he would but request it of them." And neither they or the
Governor had any charge against my conduct to make to my
fcice.

About this time a friend told them that "it Avas a G — d

d d brutal outrage for them to hold on to me as they did."

Nor did they dispute or discuss the matter with him either,
though he put it to them in their own language.

All'/, l-llh. — Receiveil the following from the Strttes : "Jndge K. . .
is hourly expecting an answer by telegraph from the Governor."

"Not so yonr friend — with grief oppressed I see
That i)eaoe, which smiles ou many, frown on me."

Si'jit. l.'itfi. — "So fur we can hear nothing from the Governor. We
are doing everything that vmi be dotio, to get him to ttd at once."

Xipl. 2')th. — "We are still in suspense. Judge R. . . and are

doiu;( ((// ill thi'ir jioirrr"

lit takes a lot of killing, expensive experience and a long time
for outsiders to learn the mystic, traitorous ways of a secret

.1 1

if ,ii. I :mkK

372

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

Then the Governor's sou wrote to a sister as follows :

"Trenton, N. J., Oct. 2ua, l8H:t.

My father wrote me in roforc'iioo to yonr hrotlior,

and I do not think, from the tonor of Iuh h(tt<';, that hti is very favor-
al»hf towiinls liis i)ar(h)u.

I anticipate going to Washington Tenitory about Novenilx r 1st.
Ph'ase write to mo and give me your brother's full name, I have fur-
gotten it. Youra very trnly, [Bill LiukHj, Jr."

[Aud so, even he had to judge by the mere " tenor " of the
Goveruor's letter, as to what he would do. |

Odolwr 1st. — Legislature met, and reports come that some
of the members and others are determined to secure my re-
lease ; whereupon the " doctor-Governor-and-the-law " ox-
claimed to a number of men : " Well, by G-o-a-d, France is a
man that always behaves himself and attends to his own busi-
ness, and he has been here long enough, by G-o-a-d," which
did not correspond with his Excellency's rot to distant friemls
" that my conduct was exceedingly bad," and some of sucli dis-
tant *riends blamed and lectured and charged me severeJij unr
and over again to " Ixihave myself and KEEP QUIET ! " "0//. thnj
could not help me unless I would quit Iwing so liad, and was nrij
quiety " Yes ! ' in some way ' (but what way they could not dis-
cover, except that I did not keep still enough.) I had olfcndal
the Governor!" [Horrible, HOUHIBLE thought, to "offend" liis
Excellency (?)]

That siicli slimy cattle as these blackleg governors could iu
any way get my friends to doubt me, hioivn as I was to
them, made my flesh creep and me feel that :

"With friends and falsehood I have done :
I've fifty had and yet not one.
They are only adders in the breast :
That nestling in, devour their nest;
That pleasing dretiTn forever o'er
My bosom I unlock no more,
Yet though all hope oi friends is fled,
I'll place acquaintance in their stead,
I weep the sad exchange I own,
(For my poor heart's not callous grown.")
But the governor never dared to tell, outside of the gang,
wherein I "offended" or my "conduct was so exceedingly bad."

My Release.

373

Those who hearil the superiuteudeut autl others talk about
it !it this time, thouf^ht I wouUl be released tiure.

A member of the Lefjislature from my section said, "France
did wrong, b».t if lie had not killed the man, lie would have killcil
Fi'nitce ! "

Cnjii). "Seatco, Wash. Tkiuutouy, October 1-ltli, 1883.

Hon. S. C. Win(jai{0 :

Dr.AU Siu : Your certiticiitt", etc., of Juuo Ist, 1883, was gratefully
rtcoivcil and Hcut to the (iovernor, Imt ban aflorded mo no relief. Have
not tlie wislieH of those who hd orimiually coU8i)ired to murder, plunder,
and outrage mo and my family lieeu sulDoiently gratified aui\ sun uliouad?
You must certainly know -if you have taken any pains to iind out the
truth— that there was not the shadow of any true case of crime against me.
15nt if you think there was, then whi/ don't yon name to mo the point or
j)()iiits, or idiaso in whit-h you may think me guilty, and give me a respc t-
ftil lu'uring as to tho same, inasmuch as I was not accorded this at the
uioro proper time ? I was thus shanghaied in your court and sentenced to
this pri.son by yourself ; i)ut ymi have certified to the eHect that you did
uot ([uite mean it to be my destruction, and for which I am certainly duly
firatcful. But how near it has destroyed me and mine you must be aware;
ami lis the. Governor is <is In: is, will you not therefore please concede to
"/•'/(; my case yet more strongly and effectively after all these years of
sutleriug and abuse, and of cheating hopes V

Most respectfully, Geo. W. Fkance."

The eftbrts of those who were to get me out having availed
iiotliing, I made the following appeal to the Legislature :

"Seatco TitisoN, Wash. Tekiutory, November 17th, 1883.
To the President of the council and the Si)eaker of the House — the honor-
able Legislature at Olympia, Wash. Temtory.

I h<>rebv earnestly recpiest tluit your body investigate my case ; there
uevcr licmg any true case of crime agaiu.st me, as is shown beyond dispute
(ir icl'utiition to his Excellency, tho 'Governor. My case being in truth —
as ciiu be .seen — tho strongest case of self-defense ever brought to trial in
this Territory with an abundance of proof to establish it.

And I have tho strongest i)etitions, vouchers, recommendations, etc.,
ever tiled at Olympia in a similar ease, including a goodly portion of the
jury, the Judge and all of my neighbors (except one) for my release. And
his Excellency promised to "let me go on the recommendation or far' >r-
ahh vi'iKtrt of tho Judge." I'et I am being thus held to the destruction of
my liciilth, and tho ravage of my family and home I carved in tho wilder-
lu'ss, and where three of my children were born. I beg for an investiga-
tion in which I am accorded a respectful hearing, which my established
character should entitle me to receive ; or that I be allowed to make my

;fc 1

I^^B >U in

I;f

* ''I

■1

ii.

874

EXTUACTS FROM DiARY KePT IN P1U8ON.

case known to tho Cliristiuu UHHociatiouH of tlio t-omitrv, ami to attt-nd to
my business. Geo, W. Fuanck."

" Walla Walla, Wahu. Tkiuutoky, June Ist, 1hh;5.
His Excellency [Bill Links] Governor :

SlU : — (ittiirt/a W. J''rii/ia; imw in the 'JW. poiileatinrii nmlir
si'iili'iiri'/t))' innrdi'i' in the second dfi/rci', has scrred iiiijirisonnn-n/ iia lani/ us
I troiild hiivie seulenciid him to Knt/i'iyo /tud the Imr iillniri'd <i less sifu/i-tH<' Ihnu
I imjiosed. Vei'y respectfully,

H. C. WlN(»AHl>, JU(1|L,'('."

(J. W. F. "

I'i the pulilishecl report of the legishitive proeeediu^s of
November 27th, 1883, was the foUowiiif^, and oil the i)ii|)ers
publishing the legislative proceedings contained substantiully
the same paragraph :

•' A petition was read from a prisoner now confined in tho peniteutiaiv
at Seatco named Gtjo. W. France, certified to by Judge Wingard, reliitivc
to his confinement, and asking for an investigation of his case. A cum-
mittee was appointed to cxamme into the matter and rei)ort."

" December ISfh, 18S3 : - Governor [Links] and son liere;
the latter soiight an interview with me and informed me tliut
he " had promised my people in the States to do all he could
with his father for my release but had not as yet presented my
case to him," [wliich made me acquainted with Mm,, for he h;ul
arrived at Olympia nearly a month previously, and now he had
7io information for me and did not want ani/from me. The Gov-
ernor was polite enough, asked me how long I had served,
thought I looked better iu health, etc., and inquired about
some of my folks in the States, but had never a tcord. to s.iy
about my " bad conduct " that he had been and was reporting
to others. I could not get any information from him as to my
release. They returned to Olympia when Dr. [LinksJ, jr. sent
the following letter to the States :

"Teri{ito.<y of Washinoton, ExEcrrivE Depaktment.

Olympia, December lUtli, 1H83.

I went to see your brother Geo. W. Frauee to-day. I have not liiul
CJX oijportunity i)rior to this. Yonr brother seemed to be ipiite du'crtnl.
My father has not been able to do anytlung for him as yet. I do not kimw
exactly what course he means to pursue.

Youra very truly, [Bill Links], jr.'

My Eelease.

375

[Those who wilfully tolerate secret "mysti-rii" in office,
should be made to suffer its practical workings direct. |

" Junudry 1th, 1HH4. — Dr. LinkH, jr., iu reply to a letter wrote : "I
luul II free couverHation with your brother couctiriuuK his euHe, aiul muler-
utiiiiil it thoroughly. The legislature did nut nj>i>oiut any eniumittee to iu-
Vfstigate hia case. Jiidgo Wiugartl has not rccommemled his ])ar(h)n

Yours, etc., [Bill Links], jr."

We had no conversation about my case AT ALL. He did not
want auy. As to the other matters they are on record, as I have
sliiiirii. A committee of three ivas appointed by the legislature,
but one of my shyster lawyers and one of my jury (both masons
and wicked enemies) managed to get on to it in the deadly
guise of friendship, and thus was the investigation and report
siiuclched. I wrote several letters to the committee but could
uever get any reply or any hearing.

A member of that legislature told me that " Judge Wingard
joined in urging him and other members to work for my re-
lease, but that 'they had no inflnence ichatevtr tcith the Governor
ill III 11 behalf.' " [He evidently owed first allegiance to his secret
sworn brethren and their government.]

" JdiiKiny Otk, 1S84. — Dr. Links, jr., came here as prison physician.

'\fitiiiitiri/ 2-'ird. — Governor [Links] here. I asked him if he wonhllet
me f,'i) ? He replied that he " would see about it;" bo he has quit "con-
sidering " it and is going to " see about it." Sincerity never thus eciuivo-

cutcs.

U'ho is it that is an unmitigated liar ? From Judge Win-
gard :

" Walla Walla, Wash. TEKKiTony, January 2{5th, 1884.

Your favor of the lO'th inst. is received. I sentenced Mr. France to
tlio minimum term of ten years. If I cotild have doue so I would have
Sfuti'uced him to five years imprisonment, because in my o2)iuion that
would have been all he deserved. I have written to the Govenior saying
tliat live yeai"s imprisonment would atone for his crime. Why the Gov-
ernor does not pardon him I do not know. I have heard, but could not
jirove it, that Mr. France has offended the CJoveruor in some way. The
rt'lations of the Governor and myself in regard to pardoning have not been
Larniouious. The Judge has no i)ower to jiardon.

Respectfully yours, etc., S. C. Winoahd."

In what way did I offend {^) his Excellency ? Was it be-

!i<

iPMt

^2;

, 1

f, :

t^Hl

1 * ■

J: ;

■ 3

f?!

|lll

PPPif

}

. ■'

ii:

376

Extracts from Diary Keit in Prison.

r(iu.^(' I ilid not surrender the wreck of my home, or ivlmt ? AVliy
did he uot dare to state tvherein I " oflViided " Lim? Aud ugiiiii:

"^^^AI.I,A AValla, Wash. TKitiuroiiY, Febniarv IH, 1884.

YourH of the 5th iiint. ('iickming tla; letter of [Bill Liiiks], jr., is ut
hand. I hen'witli r<-tiun Hiiid hdter nw yon lequpst.

The letter which I wrote to the (lovernor — the Huhstanee of ■ lii( h I
stated in my liust letter to yon — I sent to Geo. W. Trauee, aud I know lu>
received it. What he did with it I do 7i<>t know. It is to be Hniiposcd Ik;
sent it to the Governor [of courHC, I did). I know nothing of Mr. Fniuii'o
family hiuce I reinsed to entertain her (MrH. F) tti)i»lication for a divorce.

Hesjjectfnlly yonrs, S. C. Winoaio)."

Tlie Governor aud Co. seemed to think that their elF(irts to
make this a secret prison were entirely successful, so tliiit
people must takr thdr words for the truth, while the facts would
1)6 squelched when the victims were made to " hep fitlll." And
according to the following from the son and " executive clerk "
I was getting along sfihudidly, so why was the rush aud clamor
about me getting out into the cold, cruel world ! Nor does it
appear that I was " ofi'ensive " to anybody' here or to the gov-
ernor. It is the cruel, unjust " people " again who are so hos-
tile," and would " clamor " against my liberty. But why did
they not tetl this to the imrple, or thvir true representidlves? To
them the pretext was, that " my conduct tnts b((d," or I had iu
some mysterio^is vfny " oflfended the Governor," and why did he
hold me through all those previous years of unjust sutieriug
and destruction, d.uriiuj ivhich time it was conceded that my con-
duct was good ?

But what need he care about my " offensive " conduct as
an unwilling victim to depravity, when the 2^eople with whom I
had and was to live were so well satisfied with my conduct oh a
citizen among them that they clamored/or my restoration ?

" Terbitoky of Washington, Executi'S'e DErAiiTsiENT,

Olympia, January 24th, 18iS4.

Your letter received. In regard to your brother's pardon I will say
that no committee was appointed by the Legislature to investigate his case,

I saw Mr. France yesterday ; he is in good health and spirits. It is
impossible for you, without i)ractical knowledge of frontier hfe, to umler-
stand how hostile the people are to i)ardou persona who have committeil

My Release.

377

fiiiiitiil ortVnsi'H, and how (liflieult it iH for t\w Exccutivo to curry out his
jK isoiml iiu'liuutious, OHpeoiully in nisi's avIhtc prisorn'ra are moU con-
iit'itcd, and int«'rt>st niunifcstt'd in tlit-ir nUusc. Tlio Governor wonUl
gliully acci'do to jour rcqui'st, but Ihoro in at tliis tinu' ho niui'h of violent
crinicH coniniittcd that tho pultlif vimt their extrenu'st indignation at any
lilierality exercis»'d in this direction.

Just 8o Hoon as lio tan ooUKistently do ho, ho will give favoral)le eou-
sidoratiou to your apijlieation in behalf of your brotlier.

Yours reHpec'tfuUy,

[Biiiii LiNKs| jr., Executive Clerk."

At the very time the doctor uucl executive clerk says I was
"iu good health and spirits," he was dosing me with digitalis,
opium, bromide aud irou — stamlard medicine for heart disease,
with which they had afflicted me. Aud he repeatedly stated
that he was "giviug me stronger medicine, and more of it, than
he gave out to any other patient that he had, as my condition
required it."

And the governor, who, when bounced as Governor, suc-
ceeded his son as prison doctor, frequently censured and fcnbid
me giving any of my medicine to others similarly afflicted, as " it
was too strong for their condition." Sometimes it seemed that
they were determined that I should die here, and were I not
endowed with exceedingly strong vitality they would have suc-
ceeded, so that I would never have a hearing ! And how
"good [?| mj' spirits" were in such a dying condition, can
never be told.

Not satisfied to defame me as to my case, my family, my
conduct and my standing with the people ! they must lie about
my condition, when vainly struggling for even a hearing in my
own behalf, and suffering in their hell of a living and dying
tomb all the tortures that devils could inflict and their victims
endure I

But I always hoped and prayed for something of a here-
after, wherein I would be accorded as much as a respectful aud
Louest hearing that would be beneficial to others if not to my-
self ; and I managed to get the following certificate from the
ex-Governor :

'•Seatco, W. T., August 30th, 1886.
George W. France has been coniiued for many years, his heart action

m ■ H

tits ' jBg

rS ' B
III

I 1 ' I

;■ 'I If

1,1

i;
i'

878

Extracts fiiom Diahy Keit in Prison.

U ¥

lb f

is very weak ami impairoH IiIh huultli guutirally. Ho Iuih b<>en under luiili-
cttl treatiiieut for four vinirH. [llUiL Links] ^SI. ]*.

I'liyHiciau to tho Territoriiil I'euiteutiu.'

As to tho "people [?] of the frontier," oven tho tend tr-
feot of Boston and New York knew nnil have always known thut
tho ** iteoph: oi the frontier" are never "hostile" to a hoiuc-
buililer for killinjj; a robber ami assassin in tho act, even if he
did belong to tho same secret sworn brotherhood as the gov-
ernor, who is his accessory 1 " The inople of tho frontier " are
never h(»stile to a man for killing even a mere burglar, or iut'en-
diary, or horse tiuef, or " member of the bar," or any otlier
blackleg thief, no matter what his title may be, or whether he
parades tho liible through the streets and wears for a bUud
emblems of honest toil.

And the more such " violent crimes " aro meted out to
such vampires, the better do tlio innitle like it; because the
courts being so prostituted, this is often tlioir only recourse to
hold what they have honestly earned, and they would ratlur
kill vampires than for them to picnic in their ruins. It is only
members of the gang that are hostile to their eufire extinction.

And by the laws of Moses, a man is justified in killing them
even when they are only " breaking in at the gate" unarmed, aud
only to steal !

By considering the courts as gateways to the homes iuul
property, and even the liberty and justice of tho people : how
many midnight blacklegs are there on the frontiers, who "are
breaking in through these gates" (whoso guards are prostituted
aud drunk with plunder) to rob and pillage, to ravage, mur-
der, torture, deceive and d-^ amo ! that they may picnic in the
ruins and gloat over the misery t)f their victims ?

Not by tlie laws of Moses only, but by the spirit of ull
criminal laws from Mount Sinai to the Seatcb hell, honestly
meted out, and by the rights of man to hold and enjoy his own,
such vampires should die.

By the Egyptian law : " To see a man struggling for his
life with an assassin and to fail to assist him, was a capital crime."

There are thousands of men in secret prisons strugglinij
loith assassins and their aav-ssories as you are reading this ; and
tvill you, my felloio-man, do nothing to assist them ?

4-- f ttr—

My Re(jcahe.

379

It is wluui tht'Hi) vami)irt'rt iiiul gallinippers— reekiii",' with
criino and ileHolatiou — are set free, protected, or sauctioued by
tlirir secret brethren, in office and out, that the juajih- do and
nht'iild " visit their extremest indij^uation."

For exani))le :— Whou the ex-Croveruor applied for office by
the votes of the peopU», he f^ot only (»u- vote in the four coun-
ties wherein my case was best known. And hiter, when he
was nominated by another rii)<^ ^'overnoras one of the trustees
of the insane asyhim, he was rejected hy (dl (ml tint votes, while
the i>ther nominees were confirmed by the Lej^islature.

'\fiiiii(iiiy 'Jilt/, ISS/. — J. H.. inu'doutul ; liinl sorvcil twt'utv inouths
oil liiiir Yt'iirs fur griiiul liiiveuy iiiul forgoiv, liml i > i ftitiim Avhuti'vt r, iis
fur us 111! y of UH rim loaru — secret ii^fiueuce. V. H. — He steals $20 from a
trunk, tiuil is uext beard of iu a ho8i)ital at Portland, d owu with Huakfs iu
his liootH.

"February 13th. — Ooveruor [Links] here ; r.omplaiued ^o iiim of the
refuHiil of the warden to mail my epitome to bo i)ul)lish 'd, as I had eom-
|)1 ' liet'ore, "and that I was prevented from vtti i.Uag to my most
vital business;" h.> rejjhed, that "he (hiniseh'l l':ul ii"' killed a man," and
that "I did not manifest any sympathy for the iiiau 1 killed." I rejilied,
that " were I killed in the act of murderimj <t mun to rdt him, I would not
bo entitled to any sympathy and would not get any." But ho mauifestU
holds, that it is no crime for one of his gang to murder, rob and ravish,
for he has never had a word to say against his conduct, not a word. Nor
litis the wai'vlon (another secret brother) who has likewise insinuated that I
i-luiuld join in hiding the crime, and revere the uamo of his brother
villiiiu. No wonder that the worst characters that come hei-e meau to join
the gang on their release. "

'• Fehrmtn) 11th.— Yl . . gets a windfall of 820.()O(). There was no fool-
i. .'OSS about his getting ///,s short time, which was almo.st due. He had
killed a man in a saloou and got one year."

I thought I would discover whether the Government at
Washington, which the people so blindly elect, cared as much
for a distressed and ravaged home-builder in his own country, as it
does for some blackleg free-mason or odd-fellow iu trouble iu
a foreign land.

"Seatco Puison, Wash. Territoky, February 25th, ISS-t.
His Excellency, President Arthur, and the Congress of the United States: —
Is there any recourse for a victim falsely and cruelly imprisoned here,
and when it has and can bo shown beyi.ad dispute or refutation that there
never was the shadow of any true case of crime against me ? It being in
truth as strong a case of self-defense as ever went to trial — that of defeud-

Jn
I

a ■

I >
■
I I

; ^l' \\ I'

iiiii ■

1 i ;

i. I i . il 5'^.

a i~

■r. •

f .5;

h^'^M

380

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

ing my life ou my own liard-earneil home against a most damnable and
furious assault to ..'.urder for plunder and ravage ; hunting me while
lieacefully at work, with a cocked carbine in both hands, and firing the
first shot, with an abundance of indisputable prnnf — both personal aud cir-
cumstantial to verify the same, with verified statements, i)etitions, vouch-
ers, etc., etc., constituting the strongest claim for justice and clemency
ever filed in the Territory — including that of my neighbors almost unani-
mously, four judges on the bench, and a goodly portion of the jury that
aided in shanghaiing me, and all in vain.

That to despoil me of my fortune and work my destruction, I have
b€>en thus imprisoned five and a half years, wrecking my health, ravaging
my home, sucking my heart's blood.

That by honorable toil and conduct I helped to build this country,
and therefore have a right to protection against the sharks and cut- throats
— who are so powerful here — and my cliildren to their rightful heritage ou
which they were born.

That the Legislature here appointed a committee to investigate my
case, but it failed to rejiort the crime done against me, or to accord nie a
hearing. Therefore, I hereby api)eal to your Excellency and to Congress
for such relief as is found to be just.

I can be found as an old settler on the records of the land department
for the Walla Walla district ; and our delegate knows enough of my case
to vouch for mo if he is so minded, as Avell as others there."

[I concluded with Judge Wingard's recommendation. ]

I had to send this out " underground," and I never learned
whether it was lost before it was mailed, or was squelched at
Washington. However, little or nothing was to be expected to
be done against the gang by an administration that appoints
only members of the same to oflSce, as will, further on, more
plainly appear. A foreign subject in distress might get some
attention ; but a full-fledged, native-born, homebuilding citizen
is — like the Savior— without friends or protection in his own
country.

Know ye, therefore, that if ever you have occasion to
become acquainted with our Government, you will find to your
sorrow and dismay, that it is rotten with practical masonry,
reeking with corruption, and is against the people, and will '.-on-
clude, that unless members of secret-sworn brotherhoods are
excluded from office, this boasted government "of the people"
will sink in its own iniquity aud perish from the earth.

"Mtirch 12th,1884. — Governor [Links] here; I pressed him for a reason
for holding me in spite of the Judge's recommendation, etc. ; he rei>lied,

My Eelease.

881

tlirtt that document "amounted to nothing mth him, but that five woi-ds
1 1'( nil the Judge — that he had omitted — would have released me long ago,
tiiiil would now." I asked him "to name the necessary five words, " and
ho replied, the form should be, " I hereby recommend France's pardon."

I thought it very singular that the Judge had not sense
enough to properly commend one man to another's favor, and
when so many experienced and competent men had declared it
to be a "very strong recommendation," and that it should take
the governor only nine (9) months to hatch out the only
"proper" form for a Judge to express his opinion, and discover
another false pretext for his own conduct.

Nevertheless I sent the following telegram to the Judge :

"Seatco, Thuhston Co., Wash. Tebkitoby, March 13th, 1884.
Hon. S. C. Winoard, Walla Walla, W. T. :

The Governor takes exception to the form of your recommendation,
nud says the following live words would be effective : "I hereby recom-
mend France's pardon." Will your Honor kindly comply ?

Geo! W. France."

" M(trch 20th. — Doctor here ; says " the Governor had received a letter
from the Judge in my behalf, but knew nothing more as to the matter."

' ' April '"jtli, 1884. — The Governor with the other i)i'ison commiHsiouers
here ; the Governor said he " had received a letter from Judge Wmgard
in my behalf, about the same as the other," and that he " would see me
lirinitffli/.' before he left." But he did not do so (it (ill.

I waited nearly two months, and not getting even a pretext,

I sent the following note by the Doctor to his father — the

Governor.

"Seatco, May 9th, 1884.
His Excellency, Wm. A. [Links] :

Dear Sir : — My most ^ital affairs are in a very sad and critical con-
ilitiou, and if you hold me longer in prison, ruin and destruction will be,
lis it has been, the result, and which will be on your head ; as you well
know this to be aU unjust, cruel and \vicked against me. I would never be
us ciuel and iuhumau to even a brute. You should also consider that had
von made known to me at the outset your determination to hold me, right
or wrong, and wjainst all the itidisputdhle truth that has been shown and dona
ill in;/ behalf, that I could and would have been free to do right, and hap^iy
with my family at home, years (kjo, by other courts. But you promised
otherwise, and I trusted to your honor.

As I have never lied to you or any one else concerning my case, which
ilnriug all these years of trial and torture you must know to be the truth,
tlierefore, will you please concede to believe me now and act, when I
lironiise and swear it to be better to iiermit me to save and care for the re-

' I '

\lit

I^^U

^1:1:

i- > I

ft •

-:\ i

\i\

382

Extracts fuom Diahy Kept in Prison.

mainiug ■\\Teck of my home ami family, which dcmancls my immotliate
presence, than to cause such miu and destruction as your Excellency even
would regi-et and recall. I earnestly request an early and definite r(>])ly.

Very respectfully, Geo. W. Franck."

" Mdi/ zOth. — Governor Links here, biit he avoided seeing me." "

"JuiieOtli, ISSt. — K.. pardoned; ser\'cd one year on his two year's

sentence, and .jy his word was an old and most constant ciimiual ami

would be again, h;ul been arrested many times, and the people were

" clamorous " against him — more masonry."

June 12f/i. — Doctor and Governor Links here — and I inter-
viewed the gentleman. I asked him if he had heard from the
Judge in reply to my telegram, and he said he had ; but that
he had written to him "hlunf, crahhkl and insulting!"— so he
did! "Had not recommended me," and that he [the Judge] "did
not loant to he bothered anymore about it."

The Governor did not question the truth of my telegram at
all ; but asked if I " would do the same deed again ? " I replied
that "I did not see how I could avoid it under the same
circumstances, and save my own life, as my pistol did this .sure-
ly " Yet, he said that I " did wrong to ever carry arms at all."

[3Ia)'k, that he had never a word, and 7iever had, afjjainst
Jumper's hunting to kill me with a carbine, which he held was

WRONG TO RETEL 1

How is that for equal rights and even the right to live, when
in the way of the gang!

They want to drive the people into as defenceless a con-
dition as the following victim ; so they can pluck and murder
them ivifhout any danger to themselves.

" Dr. Bones, of Missoula, was decoyed by a fellow into the confession
that ho didn't carry a shooting iron, and then the [odd] fellow poked a
revolver \inder his nose and made him hold up his hands while ho wcut
through him to the tune of 360.]

Then I asked his Excellency, "what more he now
required?" When he (passed the Judge, so I would not
"bother" him anymore, and thus get his Excellency "insulted"
again, as the Judge was getting more "offensive" to him than I
was!) and said, that I " should have some of the Jury." Why!
I said: "you have already got that." And as he could not
think of any other excuse, he ended the interview. Then the
Doctor came to me and declared that '• he was doing all he could

m-:

My Release.

383

former "JViUhe let me go?" I asked: "Yes!" he said,
auci theu ho "didn't know."

On the same day R. . was pardoned ; had served eighteen
months and ten days on a sentence of two and a half years jor
robbery. He had been on bread and water several times for
bad conduct, had several fights and was shot and wounded in
an attempt to run away ; whereupon a prisoner who could not
get even his short time due him hi/ Icao, became "hostile"
indeed, and threatened, «v7/t qidverimj lips, to vivisect his Excel-
Jenci/. Another who had been led to expect a pardon, was
given a siege of bread and water for telling him he was a
"damned liar," [and so he was].

It is reported that governor Links is to be removed soon,
and the prisoners are earnestly praying that the report is true;
it is conceded, that he is even worse than the other, and that a
change must he for the better."

While the governor did not want me to bother the Judge
anymore about such a trifling matter to him as my liberty and
life, and desired me to "keep very still and serene" while he
tormented and prodded me to death, / was inclined to bother
i\\Qi\ii\i^ejust aslong as I could get him to hother the Governor,
or his successor, if he did " offend and insult them."

Begging and praying to God and man (or devil) as ardently
as a just cause could inspire, had been a sorry, agonizing
failure, so I was not serene, and as I was to suffer on, I would
also struggle on, with at least protests on my lips and curses in
my heart.

" Seatco, Jnue 2t)th, 1H84.
Hon S. C. Winoard :

Dkar Sir :— The Governor asserts tliat you have not and will not
ivcomuiemt luy pardon, and tluit "jou do not want to be buthered about
it."

But this is a serious and ^ntal matter and not a mere question of
"hotht'r" or of etiijuette, but of riijlil <iii<l Jnsticv. And I am still so
cnu'ily and fraudulently held, and even the "Jiri^ i/eurs'' (issurancH vio-
late,!.

I was hunted and found, when attacked, possessed of a S25,(K)() plant
and fortune honestly earned, with my family I idolized, and a character
imhlomished ; mus peacefully at work on my own hard-earned home, and
so cautious of doing wrong that I was acting under the iufitnictions of a
l>oace olHcer.

Ill

■ fe

'•t Ss'

n-^,y. -1

384

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

No one has ever iiretencled in my hearing, that I was hunted and at-
tacked for any other jjurijose than to murder me for the fruits of my toil.
Nor can any one truthfully deny that I was prosecuted, sold, shanghaied,
and am yet held for this same criminal purpose, and to sanction the
crimes done against luo. For this is a fact well nigh accomplished, ami
declaring itself. With my course of life and associations, how could I
know the character and jjurpose of the hlnckU'tj mojtulers whom ynu hml
licensc.il to prddive in. I/our oirti, voiai, and in whom you require tJieir vie-
tints to trust for justice without any recourse. And with your knowledge
and experience, how could you fail to see that my case was not presftiti'd,
jilc'id or (irf/twd, nor half of my proof used ; but managed away or against
me, or squelched ? Yet I was entitled to both a speedy and a fair trial,
even if it would be some "bother," better that, than murder and ravage.

I did nothing but defend my life and home, and with big odds against
me, as you must know ; and unless it can be shown that I deserved to die
there, it cannot be justly held that I should die a more horrible death here.
And I respectfully submit whether it would not be in a right seuso of
justice and humanitif for you to *' bother" yours* If enough to staj' this foul
and murderous oi)pression ? and more certainly so as it is done in yanr
name ; and I will ever be grateful, and also to hear from you direct. Is
there any way for mo to have a trial or a respectful hearing, or anything
but hell ? Why am I discriminated against ? Was the life and motive of
the assassin w ith his carbine so much better than mine ? Did you receive
a telegiam from me ? Very respectfully, Geo. W. France."

A few days after this W. C. [Mason] was appoiuted
Governor.

From the Press .•

"W. C. [Mason] succeeds the GAiiUNipPER. "

' ' The wires bring us the welcome intelligence that the President has
at last ajjpointed a successor to the man from New Jersey, who has dis-
graced the executive chair of Washington Territory

We freely and thankfully bid adieu to the New Jersey Gallinipper. Bill,
Ta-ta."

"General T. . . returned home on Friday from a visit to the East

He did not come back with a commission in his pocket, but we would iu-
tinitely prefer seeing him appointed to a good office, than some of the
scalawags who have lately and in the past been foisted upon our unfortun-
ate Territory, for no other purpose than to get rid of them at home."

"Governor (Links], the carpet-bag executive that pi'esides over the
destinies of Washington Tenitory, is the most unpopular officer that lias
ever been appcfinted to govern that most afflicted part of the North-west.
Every useless and designing politician, vho can no longer benefit his i)art.v
in Ids own State, is exiled by the administration to poor, oppressed
Washington.

Of all the irresponsibles [Links] is the weakest and worst

nintecl and at-
lits of my toil.
(1, shangbait'il,
) sanction the
)mplislie(l, aud
1, liow could I

whom yoH hml
JUIBE their rk-
oiir knowledge
1 not presi'i(l>'il,
iway or against
id a fair trial,
r and ravage.
)ig odds against

deserved to <lie
ible deatli here.
i right sense of
o stay this foul
,s done in .(/'""'

yon direct. Is
ag, or anything
te and motive of
Did you receive
IW. France."

IS appoiuted

R."

; President has
'y, who has dis-

inipper.

My Kelease.

385

Wliere he is best known [Links] is regarded as a fraud, and is charged
with iuourring debts which he cannot liquidate. From u gentleman at
Tacoma he borrowed $'A)0, but failed to settle at the api)ointed time and
for a long time thereafter, and it was only by a threat of arrest that the
delitor compromised by a jiayment of $300. The peojile of Washington
do not want [Links] for any position, and tlie sooner lie is removed and
Lis successor appointed the greater will be their rejoicement."

"Ah (lUeijed forgei-y. — A bill of eqxiity lias been filed in the clerk's
ofKte of the Second Judicial District at Olym^jia by the prosecuting at-
torney, against the territorial auditor and treasurer. The bill sets forth
that the last Legislature passed an act, aiiprojiriating $30,000 a year, for
two years, to defray expenses of the Territorial Insane Asylum, and that
the said act was in some measure and by some jjci'son unltnown altered
and forged, before reaching the Governor, so as to apjiropriate the sum of

$3:5,500, and that the Governor signed the forged bill, being

wholly unaware of the change and increase of the amount, approjiriated. .

Of course, our dear, innocent, old Governor would not be

gnilty of forgery — any quicker than he would drink a glass of whiskey,
Avhile jn-eaching on temperance."

"For twenty-five years the parties have made political
hospitals of the territories for broken down hacks, schemers
and bummers. It is doubtful which have given us more trouble
—these or hostile Indians. We desire that further marauding
of our interests should cease."

"Walla Walla, W. T., July 7th, 1884.
Mr. Geo. W. France.

Sir: — I have just received your letter of the 29th of Jime, postmarked
July 4lh. [It is a wonder they sent it at all, in spite of its being stamped
aud marked to register.] I did get your disiiatch and enclosed it to the
Governor with a letter. He rephed, in substance, that you do not state
the whole truth — that ' he has had more trouble with you, than all the
men iu the penitentiary, ' and much more, which I shall not write.

I shall ijrobably see the new Governor next week, and, if I do, I shall
represei"', voui case to him, as I nave already done to Governor [Links].

1\\ . , like \o\\ to understand, that Ihtve done more for you, than I
lutre ever done, or am likely to do again for any one in i)rison.

Yet, you are continually complaining, as if / had caused your mis-
fortune, or had been your attorney, or the Grand and Petit Juries that
indicted and convicted you.

Because of the facts in your case I think five years imprisonment
mSivient and have r('j)e<itedly said so. But I can't pardon you, and you
know it, and it is not my business to soUcit pardons.

!Respectfully yours, etc., S. C. Winoard."

' i

! ^-i > ■■>•

'il.

311

■•^ W-

386

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

[I answered this luider date of Nov ember 23rd, 1<SSI.]

Any. llth, 1884. — "Governor [Mason] arrived in Olympia."

The inmates of the insane asylum and of tliis prison were
vitally interested as to the kind of a man the new Governor
would be, as the management and control of both prisons
neetied to be exposed to the light of day and of heaven, by a
rigid and public investigation, and justice meted out to the
midnight gentlemen in control.

In discussing the new Governor's character, some held
that as he had an ample fortune (which he had never earned)
he would be reaJJij the Governor, above bribery and just to all.
And that as he had lived in the country a few months— off ami
on — and owned some land, he might have some little practical
knowledge of common affairs and some sense and feeling of
justice as to the common people ; and delared that " anyway we
had all to gain and nothing desirable to lose by the change."

While others maintained that he was a Free-Mason - and a
haughty one — and cared nothing for outsiders, or the common
people, except as beasts of burden to ride on and give him
power and glory, and that he would be as much in the gang
and a tool of it, as though he was as poor as his predecessor.

The brethren of the masonic press got right down aud
worshipped him as a true and living God; as they had generally
done to his pi edecessor while he was the rising sun of the mid-
night riugs.

'^ August 24fh, 1884.— 1 vfTote to Governor [Mason] giviug
him a synopsis of the papers he should find on file in my be-
half, and requested that he would carefully examine them, and
if anything was lacking to justify my release, to inform me
accordingly.

" S('pleml>cr 28th. — Received the following letter from

Judge Wingard :

"Olympia, W. T., September 26th, 18H4.
Geo. W. Fkance.

Deak Siu: — I have been here attending a session of the Snitrome
Court.

I have laid your case before Governor [Mason], aud while I do not
know what action he may be disposed to take in the matter, I think be
may look favorably upon the question of your release.

Respectfully yours, S. C. Wingakd."

My Release.

387

OvtaJmr Srd ]SH4 CI

s.i,I that "tl,o p'apers of 1,°,™^ 1'^"""°', '"'"«' "«' fl«t time-

«.-.%« ,,ef„,.' an,I J hart It t r'?"""«' '»■- '<"''»

:r"''r"™'"--'"™auTm:: J::' f '^^^ yet; but

"'""'■f ."-■ "'at he "had a «;5! "f.r' O" "7 --^e

H.ugarf,„mybehalf-thathe„ .*. 7 'f"*'' ^'°'^ J'ul„e
K«. (m,;, '-here „„„„, prf J,,;"''' t' «*<"'« /'<»<. y.V™ ,„.„

l.a.1 three petitio„,," etc., o wh eh T "^ ""^■"S- "'^t "I,e
aat "what the Judge ha^ lie fot m" f","" *"""""»■ -P"H
""""'""' Po'i'ioas, and 1 will attendTn 1 " ' '""'"• "">" a

But he said "we have , , ' '■■''■''" "«'>■'■■" "''<■•"

i.™ to promise that "iH /or'itr^-' " . ^"™ ^ -■=«•
...form me who the. were audZZ T/''''''''' '"' >™uld
any objection." to which he agreed 21""',';'"""''' '° »«"">
:r' "'''' -o one was opposing UburV'' '''" ■"" "^ "
/"'"'r/™«'''/»«rfo»W/ J.1,,,",' „^,77<"-. Wnksi: that
Does he say that I ever threat 5 T "!''-^>'-'' "«*»«' »■"
askei A-o, »„/he says you 1^^ , ."" '" ""^ "V?" I
-«■«% »o* be reveng™„ l'":/! ''»' "»■"=« ^at y„„

.^ould you be influenced against™ f""*''""' « released."
.uterested enemies as ,„„ .Sl Xn^ ;»«'' characters and
J» " No, „„ ! certainly not I " said he " T "'""'■'""ors to
Ju «e for further information and wHl "f ^ *'""«« to the
(M me." -I believe your cond T ""' ™ ^o" "a^e the
l""?" "Xessir," said I "h°^ ;, ''"^ '''^^^ teen good

f Lmks will stab mniu'thebck r' '''"'^ °^ """''^^tors
".«» .ere. so just kave «e„, L ^L iH "^ "'"^ ""» '» ^eep
,f"V''.'""'!""««Vif theydenvH ?!t "f^"' "'• ''« wiU
'."pule m spite of them ! " "2v „,' 1 f'""'^'' " ''eyond
V°',""V«;that your conduct ^ T^ """'" »'''<1 ''«, "f„r
«.".«»k hands in a Banner to '„? "'■' ''""' ««''• He
».»oe.-e feelings and departed, !2r'' " """estness and
very »,on." ? """'> ^''y-g- Le would " be back again

■»^«" ivaj ^frd-::' n: '-»-«^^ »^ -aged

V i.an<h ; and it was tt.^ c!'l , ,' fey deserved to die^t
^2. ''"f'" that I never har^ d , J f "'"'' """ «" ""« ».
''"!..«« but a midnight devH of 1 r""" '"«' ^""M m

«>y .u self-defencf Burlfth the '■"''''''^''"' »"'' ™e^

with the misery and ravage and

I; - 1 .1

r ■i

fF f.

f ;

!».|

n •

1 1^ ' w

388

EXTHACTS FROM DlAllY KeIT IN PrISON.

destruction they had wrought, staring them iu the face, uud
haunting them in their dreams, no wonder they cowered to meet
their victims on a common level.

" For whence, dull reas'ner, can a fear arise.
Lest peace and plenty gild the path of vice ;
Think'st thou that he whom conscience racks within
Can escape the vengeance that awaits on sin?
Whilst shuddering memory, by guilt oppress'd.
Plants her blood-thirsty daggers in his breast ;
Shakes her dread arrows with vindictive ire
And damns the trembler to eternal fire.
Fire, where infernal furies fan the flame.
Which hopes ne'er soften, and which years ne'er tame;
Not all the tortures of afflictive steel.
Which law can sanction, or which sense can feel.
Thrill thro' the tortured frame with half the smart,
As crimes unpardoned through the guilty heart.
His sickening conscience loaths the odiom light,
Each fear returning with returning night ;
Whilst terror wears his tedious hours away,
Himself the accuser, and himself the prey.
This is the guilty tvretch, whose couscioas soul
Shrinks back with terror, e'er the thunders roll.
And turns pale and trembles at the electric light.

Say, if such woes on luckless guilt attend.

What grief shall rack that wretch the fates befriend ;

Eternal terrors — while the loathsome food

Cloys his pall'd taste, and taints his meagre blood ;

No more rich wines allay his tort' ring pain.

Cool his parched lip or calm his whirling brain.

Not all the sweets prolific gaul can yield,

Nor all the products of the Iberian field

Can bribe his soul to quaff the luscious draught,

Or drown in wine the racking pang of thought.

Eternal clouds hang low'ring on his brow.

And mighty horrors aim the vengeful blow ;

Should balmy sleep allay his tortured breast,

For one short moment in oblivious rest.

Ilk

le face, iiud
■'ered to meet

within

e'er tame;

feel,
I smart,
sart.
Id,

Lll

roll,
lligbt.

llDefriend ;
blood ;

tt,

My Release.

389

Swift to his thought, the fane where late he trod,

The insulted altar of his iujured God,

And tl.'V dread form gigantic meet liis vieAv,

Guilt swells the form his frenzied memory drew ;

Till tortur'd nature triumphs over pride.

His fears con/esmn<j what Iii/i tungiw dmied.

T.iv q.uick and restless is each sinful breast,

By hopes transported, or by fears opprest ;

Tho' bold in acting, yet they find in time.

That guilt strikes home, and punishes the crime.

Again to sin and sorrow they recur,

The path of vice still widening as they err ;

For who that once has lost his heavenly giiide.

Ere stopped the torrent of overwhelming pride !

Or sense of shame once banished b}' disgrace,

Relum'd the blush of virtue in his face ?

Guilt leads to guilt, possession wakes desire.

And treach'rous fortune fans the rising fire ;

Each crime unpunished prompts a thousand more,

Till habit leads, where passion swayed before.

The wretch who late his sacred trust betraj-ed,

With blood e'er long shall stain his murderous blade,

Overturn his country, or'with trait'rous art

Aim the dark dagger at the patriot's heart ;

Till injured justice lift her iron rod

And vengeance thund'riug from the throne of God,

Give to Hell's op'ning jaws their destined prej'.

And siceep the inoH.stv)'/rom the/ace of day;

Unpitied shall he fall, without a friend,

His life detested, and accurs'd his end,

And thou, proud mortal, whose imperious soul

Would teach eternal thunders where to roll,

Shalt see that God, who marks each latent ill.

Can spare alike, or punish where he will ;

And trembling own, whilst humbled in the dust,

That man is impious, but that God is just. '

W— S— "

And their knowing that to increase the oppession, likewisv

i?'

»ii

Hi: !

i\l

390

EXTHACTS FllOM DiAHY KeIT IN PrISON.

increased their guilt, and woulil conse(iueutly, iu the end, hiU
increase their danger ; thej' therefore evidently intended J'nr nw
to (liein pri.sim, so that I could neither ex})ose or kill them for
their torturing crimes. And I considered it to be necessary to
guard against being poisoned by suirh guilty-minded cowards.
No linked memh'V of secret infrigue shonUl ever lie nuffered to deal
out doses to vietbus of their (J<ni(j.

Mark and reflect, how this linked prince would still l)e
Governor— rt/a/ he tros — how the secret chens ajilmte in prostllntlnn
the Government against the people.

"Srvtoo, Thuuston Co., W. T., November 28rd, 1884.
Hon. S. C. Wingakd:

Deau Sir:- I gratefully received your letter from Olyuijjia,
as well as the one previously; as to which I will say, that I told
you the truth as I have always done.

1 did neither misconstrue Governor Link's words nor his
meaning — that is supposing him to mean what he said-tliat
"the five words" as given you "from you would release mo."

As to your letter to him in reply, he gave me as his reason
for not honoring it — not such as he did you — but that it was
"short, cndihld and Insult my" and " no recommendation." Nor
did he question its truth as to my part— not at edl.

It, however, gave me some consolation to know that it was
not only his defenseless, suffering victims — honestly struggliug
as does the lamb with the wolf, the fly with the spider and tlie
bird with the snake! — who "insults," "offends" or troubles
his Excellency as he gloats over the mangled remains of his
victims.

And he gave as his reason for holding me, to my people iu
the States, that " my case was an aggravated one and you was
satisfied with my sentence."

I give you this as a mere sample, or glimpse of the stabbing
in the back and in the dark I have to endxire, and the character
of the influence practised against me. The same that tried to
murder me at home, and succeeded in shanghaiing and selling
me to accomplish their hellish ravages. Of coiirse, so long as
8U(di blacklegs have influence at court, and honorable men ami
modes are spumed, there is no assurance for me. Audit was a

My Release.

391

MHYV tlay for me wlien I trusted in the merits iuid justice of my
ciiiisp — though it WHS never excelled —for justice uud viudicu-
tioii at such coitrts.

Governor [Mason] was here ahout seven weeks ago ; said
he liad u letter from you in my behalf, and would write to you
for further information. 1 had hoped that you would conclude
the matter while at Olympia, but I suppose I must sufler and
uot complain.

Very Respectfully,

Geo. W. Fuance."

"Walla Walla, W. T., Decoinbcr 7th, IHfS-t.
Gi'.oudK W. Fhance :

J)i:ai{ Silt : — Your rogistiuvd letter of 23r(l ult. received on my return
liouit'. In rejily I will say, that after I wrote to you from Olympia last
.Si'iitoiulier, I received a letter from (lovernor [Mason] Hayiuf^, in substance,
tliiit '.(-(Jovernor [Links] opposed your jiurdon on the (;r()un<l that you
liiiil ort'ended him in .some way, and had not behaved well, etc. (fovernor
Mason said ho would look into the matter further, and hoped lu^ could
(•((luply with my ojunion tliat yoti had been in jnisou long »'nough. I have
heurd nothing from him since. If 1 coidil let yan out I irould.

Yours, etc., S. C. Winoakd."

" DccemfH'r 10th, 1884. — It is reported that during a recent
visit to Olym ia Judge Wingard had a quarrel with Links
about his conduct towards me, and that during which the Judge
declared he "would itcirr ,'ieud another mon to this prison that he
could possibly avoid" etc. Some are discussing the matter and
will watch the court proceedings closely, and see whether he
does or not.

''December nth, 1884. — Governor [Mason] started to the
States, and without coming here. This is how ' he looked into
my case further.' "

"January 12th, 1885. — Dr. Links, jr., here ; he denies |)0«-
fiirly that his father has opposed or is opposed to my release,
declaring that " he knows " and will swear to it, and that " Gov-
ernor Mason only says so for im excuse." Also, that "my con-
duct has not been bad and that I have not offended his father."

If the common people knew the real characters of those
they are led to support for office, and knew the main spring of
their official actions, when they get there, instead of thus being
enslaved by the prostitution of their own government, they

£;. '

!.|

i ; 1^

JU.i:

302

EXTIUCTH FROM DlAHY Kk^V IN PuiSON.

would I'oze fo the (jronml every dm of the hjoiij rohh't' rhnis in tlio
conutry.

"JtmiKiri/ KSf/i, ]ss'}. — (>. . and \V. . came honi from Duy-
ton ; aud way tliat " tho people think it in an ontraj^o that I was
sent or held here at all, when it was so plain that I only de-
fended my life," and that Judf^o Winpird had said on the
stre(»ts that " had he known I woidd he held more than a year
or two he would not have sent me at all. "

" I see in tho papers that Governor Mason will visit Wasli-
ingtou and also New Orleans before his return— ho thus picnics
while his victims languish."

*' March 14th. See that the Secretary, as acting Governnr,
has pardoned a man o\it of jail. And also that the Governor
will soon return."

" Januarij 2(ilh, 1^8/). — Been very sick for the last two weeks
and over."

" But hv who fails and yet still Jujhts on,
Lo, he is the tie in horn brother of mine. "

So I wrote the following letter :

"SE.-.TCO, Wash. Tekritorv, March 28th, 1885.
His Excellency, Governor [Mason] :

Siu : — I anx inipelhul by my distress to remind your Excellency of the
cruel -wrong you are doing me and mine by jirolongiug my imprisoiiinciit.
Although you are in the enjoyment of good fortune, luxury luul
power, I imidore you not to thus despise all that is honorable, just
and humane, because it l)e unfortunate and hunted down. Yon
have showings, references aud proofs conclusive to unprejxidiced iiicu,
of my innocence of any crime, and of my character where I worked
so hard and prosiiered so well, till attacked by tho blood-tliirsty
assassin and robbers — to Avhicli you have failed to even question, us in-
vited to do. Therefore, you are i)reaumed to kiinn- the cruel injustice von
are inflictin, and that I am not a Uar. I hope you are not so heartless as
to enjoy tht my and the misery there is in it ; but vln/ do you allow it to
continue i\. 11 my well-earned fortune and good health aud most sacred,
devoted ties ^11 that is worth living fov^is ravaged and consumed in tin;
flames of vi .nice, avarice, and a damnable revenge, and all for irJial?
Because I wc Id face and defend my life against the flaming fire aud lead
of the robbcT issassin on my own devoted altar.

' Woe b' unto him who calls good evil aud evil good,' and who, while
extoliiHi (iDS(issiti((ti(m <niil rapim; spurns and stamps homely, friendless vir-
tue in the dust.

Judge Wingard says, that ' had he known I would not be presently re-

My REUiAHE.

it two WtM>ks

stoiv.l. ho would not liavo soiit iu« lu'if, uiul tluit if lio fouM let ino ^'o ho
woultl <lo HO.' Art' yoii not, thcrcfon', tiiUinK unduo ntlviintiigtt of tlio
couitM iin'ri'/irfiiiiiiil smtfiirr, ir/iiili i/sil/" njn/s, mid its ignomn<'(^ ivh to tlio
(Xiiiitivo charactiT, to foniiiK-to my ruin V

It your Excclh'ucy will not lot nui k"> will you i>loaH(i grant mo tlio
fiivni' to so answor and inform mo, to uiiswor tiio (|nostioiis and i)oiiit>< in
iiiv iiij^umont and j)l<'a (ojiitomo) hori'toforo Hul>mitt«^d, ami to dilivor to
1110 <i!l tin- jm/tfrs itmN'tti-rs n-rrirfilhif tJn' (lupunior in mi/ Mmlff

KoHpootfully vonrM, (Jko. W. I'uanci:. "

" Jnuv ; ■ -7, /,s.s.>. — Roi'eivod letter from I. J. T.; ho, in cou-
jnnction with H. A. mn' others, ])r()|)oso to j^et up monster
petitions for my reh'uso ; siiys 'about ov(>ryl)0(ly in my three
counties wi)uhl {jthuily si;j;n them;' lie will write to tlu^ (lovernor
to t'lml out wlmt more is necessary to be sliowu or th)n«i to
secure my release."

" Juhj 4lli. — Received the t'ollowin<j; letter from I. J. T.:

" Po.Mi:m)Y, W. T., July 1st, 1885.
Mr. CtKondE W. Fkanck :

1)i;au Hik : — I saw Mr. H. A. . and had a talk with him on iiotitiouH,
etc. ; ho will attond to tlu; liusiuoss in that county; ho is a stron^^ fri<'nd of
yours and a lino man too, and will woik witii us to K»'t you out to aj^ain

livi'iitlio the froo air of Hoavon You will i)l(!aso \x.vi a

cHTtiticato of tho jnison wardou sliowiut^ your good behavior sino<i you
wcro there. It will have weight with tln> (fovenior. I wroto to tho (iov-
enior but have not hoard from him yot. Wo will giv(^ tho nuittor at/mroni/fi
effort, and uso all tho nioan.s in our power for your release for tho reason
tliiit you oiii//it h) hi- Dill. I always maintained that you wore unjustly in-
oiircoratod, ami that it Avas done by c/iicmirri/, and hoiu^ wo will soon see
you hero again. I hoard a disinterested i)arty say that he was jmnifiri- that
McK. . swore to a lie which went far towards putting you in jjiison.

We will work this matter with a deterniiuation not to fail, tliough
perhaps if / were in prison no one would try to get w? out, but they
mii;;ht. But I want justice done, and justice demands your release loudly.

The M. . gang will, of course, woi-k against the matter, but

•Tudt^'o Wingard knows and has called thein pc?;/«r('(^ publicly, and they
will },'ot n 1 (pnirtor at his hands I. J. T . . ."

I pointed out to the warden the parap;rapliof the letter re-
questing^ a certificate of my good behavior and requested liim
to till the bill, to which he replied, that "it would do no good
for hhii to do so, as that was S . . 's place (S . . wa.s superintend-
ent then) and that he should do so." To which I replied, " you
hmv that S . . will not help ani/Ditc out by certifying to his good

IIm fill

V ' ■ I'l

;

iiiw-"

IS^^^Bd^ 1

.11

394

Extracts from Diary Keit in Prison.

eoucluct," " But," the warden replied, " it is his place to do
it, and he ought to do so /<»• you, I can't." Therefore I deter-
mined to establish the fact in spite of them, and a fellow-
prisoner ■wrote out the following certificate, and was more or
less joined by all the rest, as follows :

"Seatoo Piuson, Wash. Tekkitoky, July 6tb, A.D., 1885.
We, the umlersiguetl, do hereby eertify, that to r iii- 2)ersoual kuowlodge
duriug onr aoquaiiitauce as fello\v-i)riHoners, ami on iuformation and lie-
lief as to the remaiiuler of the time of George W. France's iucarceratiou,
that said France's conduct as a prisoner has been nnexceptioually good,
or equal to the best of tlie prisoners, and will bear a most rigid exanimu-
tiou, which he solicits. F. E. Stijoso,

ex-Sheriff and Assessor of Wah Kiacuni Co. , W. T.

" TJie, Signatures attached to the foregoittg certificate constitute all of the
prisoners, except one Chinaman, two Indians, one woman, and (8) vlhcrx, irha
acquiesce in its truthfulness, and if summoned, irill testifi/ to the sunu'."

Oath.

" IVe do solemnly swear that the foregoing certificate and statement is true,
as we verily heliere. So help us God.

Fred. E. Stbono,
A. J. Vincent,
Geo. W. France. "

Territory of Washington, CorNTY of Thurston.
Personally ajipeared before me this 14th day of July, A. D. 1.SS5,
Fred. E. Strong, A. J. Vincent and Geo. W France, who are iiersouiilly
knt)\vn to me, and subscribed and swore to the fon-going oath.

Given under my hand and seal this 1-lth day of July, A. D. 1885.

(Seal.) G, S. Prince, Notary Public."

The eight (8) prisoners who did not sign felt it to be im-
prudent — as their cases stood — for them to thus enrage llie
gang against them; although they woidd he yJad to lie put uitu ■>•
aatk (Did thus conqtdlcd (?) to testify in the matter. Of course, /////
])osltion as warden of the big hall, etc., would of itself been proof
enough y'or any honest Governor.

The only way I could get a notary to attend to this matter vc&t,
by a strategy, or we, nearly all, would have sworn to it. It ha])-

Kiaciim Co., "NV. T.

and statement is trw,

My Release.

395

pened tliiit I had at this time a power of attorney to be ac-
tuowledged ; so under the shadow of doing this, and using my
friends Strong and Vincent as my witnesses to the same, we
pushed the other matter through right in the shadow of the
elevated ears, and iu the snapping teeth of the superintendent,
who, Avith others, was playing cards at a table close by. And
when I blandly invited the gentleman to join my friends in the
certificate, he brayed out in reply, " No, I trout ! " To which I
replied, " that is what I had understood, and had, therefore,
api)ealed to my /ricmls to establish the fact beyond dispute or
questiou."

Now this notary manifested an earnest and kindly feeling,
such as is very i-archj enjoyed in such a circumstance, saying
that I " had established the fact in spite of them," and was so
pleased with my sand, that he refused to accept any pay for his
services, another having charged me $6 for but a ringle i^c-
kuowledgement.

The next thing was to prevent the matter from being
squelched, and the warden was so anxious to get it in his fingers
that he said I might send the papers without their counting as
letters, which were only allowed to be sent once a month.

So I wrote a brief of the certificate on the power of attorney
aud registered it, also stating on it that I would forward the
other to I. J. T . . with whom he was in correspondence, and so
lie got it.

"PoMEROY, W. T., July 2()th, 1885.
Mr. Geo. W. Fkance:

Dear Sir: — I liave uot heard from you for a long time [as tlioxt/h it

trus mtifdull] I am iu receipt of a letter from the (iov-

eriior. He wauts to have a talk with \o\\ before we get uj) more petitions
aud Avill theu let us kuow whether this is ueoessary.

I thiuk the cliauces are favorable for your release, as it is left entirely
to yourself, as your talk with the Governor Avill decide whether you get
out or not. [ Whttt Jcxeitful, li/iti;/ rot an oiie side, (iinl stiqiid it/iiurd/ici' on (he
otlwr.]

I have Avritteu to him very fully aud referred him to sevend respimsible
men knowing you aud your case, aud I will write to him again.

Hoping to hear from yoii i(t once, I am, Yours truly, I. J. T. "

It was difficult to convince any one of the people that a
victim was denied the right to attend to such vital lni,si7iess

. ^^^^Hi

I^^^^^B^B

i ^^^^^B

- :^^^|

IK '

i>i

ikih

■(■

396

Extracts from Diary Kepp in Prison.

whenever necessary, and one would frequently have several
different business matters with as many different persons living
and being in different sections of the country, each requiring
him to write " at once" when he could only write one letter a
month, and there was no security or assurance that it would fjo,
except to send them out " tmdergroiind," and then it was diffi-
cult to make one's friends understand that they must acknowl-
edge its receipt by a simple mark or expression, and refer to it
in no other way. For when detected it was used as a club or
knife against the victim.

This, that follows, is his Excellency's rot :

"Executive Office— Olympia, W. T., July 22a, 1885.
I. J. ToMLiNsoN, Esq., Poiueroy, W. T.

Dear Sib : — Replying to your letter of June 15th, 1885, 1 desire to say
that I have tried to see Judge Wingard, when I visited the city of Wulla
Walla, so as to converse with him concerning the case of Geo. W. France,
but he was then absent from that city.

However, I have conversed with him here within the last few days,
and, upon his advice, have concluded to have a talk with Mr. France as
soon as I can visit the penitentiary.

I do not think it would be my duty to pardon him, if he is likely to
become a troublesome and dangerous man.

[About all of the "troublesome and dangeroiis" men on the roads of
the border were 2ieaceable citizens, till (lius pefsislenthi looted, goaded and
driven to avenge themselves, by ring blacklegs in office who are a thousand
times more " tronhlesome ami dangerous" to good society; — they not only
rob and murder men, but they rob and murder their government also. Htul
he (the Governor) been honest, he Avould have joined, or rather taken tlie
lead in heing " troublesome and dungerous" to the traitorous gitng.] After
seeing him I may write to you again, in case a petition be contemplated by
you. I do not wish you to go to the ti'ouble of circulating a petition, uu-
til I can see Mr. France and ascertain whether he is contrite or rcven>j;of itl.

RospectfnUy, W. C. [Mason.]"

"Contrite or revengeful," he says ; " Contrite " for what ?
For defoudiug mi/ own lifs against one of the gang ? Wliioli
showed that he belonged to the gang, and would justify ami
sanction their crimes at the expense of innocent blf)od, and
ravage and dance on the graves of his victims. Look here !

From the Press. — " The Signal declared that Governor [Mason] at tlio
Or. A. R. Encampment proved himself a nimble figure in the dance. lie
out-lasted the most eudniing of our Yakima damsels and came up for \W
last Waltz, at three o'clock in the morning, fresh as a daisy, although lus

he is likely to

My Release.

397

luid not missed a single opportunity to agitate his foot (Turing the night. . .

He was a great soeker after partners, anil for conrtly grace and

continuity it would be difficult to find his equal."

[Do such, as he, have any con.soieuee ? To dance while his victims

languish!]

" But noiv my sword's my own, smile on my lords :

" I scorn to count what feelings, withered hopes, strong
provocations, bitter burning wrongs, I have within my heart's
hot cells shut up. To leave you in your lazy dignities.

" But here I stand and scoff j-ou ; here I fling hatred and
full defiance in your face." Curse you !

" July 21st, 188'5. — Doctor and ex-Governor [Links] here;
the Doctor declares that he and his father " have prained me to
Governor [Mason] and favored my release, and that the Gov-
ernor is favorable to it."

" Seatco, Thurston Co., Wash. Ter., August 16th, 1885.
Mr. I. J. T . :

Dear Sir : — Yours of July 26th and 30th received, and I
embraced the opportunity to reply. Governor [MasonJ has not
come around. But he could know my sentiments by examining
them as set forth in my argument and plea (epitome) - on file
at the executive office and addressed to the " Governor and the
people at large."

And if such sentiments, or the exercise thereof, is in viola-
tion of any standard of law, or of good morals, or good citizen-
sliip, no one has claimed or pointed it out to me, in any partic-
iilar. Although I have begged thf^m to do so, or to controvert
its truth as to any point if they could, (and let me prove it again)
and to " presciibe a bitter course and rule of life and conduct
tliau I have exercised, when I would embrace it accordingly."
Biit no ])oint has been qiwstioned or denied, or any other standard
of conduct offered.

So 3Mni see, dont yon I that the matter does not " rest with
xae" at all ? I have my part as well done as opportunity ac-
corded me, and my distress would permit. Hence it rests on
you, if you please, to proceed to the consummation of your
work there, and the pushing of the same to the end.

And you and other friends can, with safety and propriety,
guarantee my future conduct to be in accordance with the

if ,

t : '

i Mi

V t

398

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

golden rule. And thus shatter the false reports and idle fan-
cies hatched in the dark, to add to uiy misery, and which, if
persisted in without rebuke, would drive even an augel to des-
peration or the grave. "When they cannot point to any word,
act, or circumstance of my own, wherein they can justify any of

their accusations, and do not pretend to to me

Yours very truly, Geo. W. France."

As to a man's righls, erctt in <i Kiiiijihiin. '^ British Court.'" British
Law ami Subjects. English Gold Coimnissiouer, at Koot«nia, (Fisherville
Cainp).

" If you had shot him down {an unaumed trespassei') you could not have
been hurt for it; for any English subject has a right to protect his own ca.-i!e,
and a inim'r's claim is his castle."

He fined the tresi)asser (who had had the other arrested for assault)
£25 for trespassing upon and molesting a subject on his own premises."
— Col. Hiintt^r's Jieminiscences (f an Old Timer.

And yet this latter day Mason and Governor holds, that a
full-fledged American citizen should be " contrite " for even de-
fending ///y life on his hard-earned home against one of the
secret gang shooting at him with a carbine ! That he was a
tyrant, etc., will hereafter appear by the testimony of others
also.

"August 18th, 1885.— Gowxi in my county (Judge Wingard)
had seventeen (17) criminal cases ; there being many men here
for long terms with weaker cases against them than the least of
these seventeen ; yet, " the Judge strikes the criminal docket
with a oj'clone the first day," as a local paper expresses it, ami
they are (dl chared." But /will do for an example (?) for thorn
all.

" Septiodter 11th, 188,). — Governor [Mason] is at "Walk
Walla picuicing at the fair.

" September l!)th. — Governor [Mason] and the other prison
directors are here ; the Governor introduced one of them (an
vdd-felloir) to me, ashing me to show to him the papers 1 had
from Judge Wingard, which I did ; lie (the odd-fellow)
" thought they were very strong," and said he would also exam-
ine my papers at the Governor's office, but he wanted no fur-
ther information from me. The Governor then gave me to
understand that ho would let me go " when the Legislature

r of others

My Ret.ease.

399

met in December," and that he would have done so before but
for objection being made that I "might be dangerous or trouble-
some." But he refused to say to whom, or give me the ground
of such objection, or by whom made, or what would refute or
placate it. He did not want any information either, or to
"hare a talk '^ as he had written tca.s so important. On leaving,
he shook hands with me cordially (yet so falsely) saying and
repeating it, that " he would be here again Ix'/ore the Legislature
mt't," and intimated that he would let me go then.

"Seatco, Wash. Ter., September 20th, 1885.

Mr. I. J. T Governor [Mason ] made a brief call

Lere yesterday ; but as I intimated to you would be the case, it
had little significance. He is not a frank man by any means,
but reflects dark and hidden influences, which fears the scru-
tiny of light.

He would give me to undei'stand that he will let me go
when the Legislature meets in December

Very Truly,

Geo. W. France."

I. J. T . . wrote as here to follow :

"October 2 7tli, 1885.

We have waitecl loatiently to hear from the Governor,

but have not. And he advised me not to get iii^ more petitions till I heard
horn him; and in him alone lays our hopeofyourrelea.se, so I deem it
prosumptuous to go contrary to his advice in the matter, hut I Avill write
to liiiu again and lay the case in all its bearings before him. I. J. T."

Aud afterwards wrote: "I had several letters from the Governor, but
be }\iHt 2jul me off, aud I do uot think that our efforts were of any u,se.

I. J. T."

" Xoveviber 20th. — No Governor here yet.

"A cunning man is never a firm man; but an honest man
is ; a double-minded man is ahva^'s unstable ; a man of truth is
tinii as a rock. Be true. Don't be a sneak. Never undertake
anything you are ashamed of, or ought to be ashamed of.
Wlieu your cause is good, advocate it openly and manfully.
Never burrow in the dark. If you do, rest assured your deeds
will come to light and to your own confusion. Don't talk one
way aud act another. That is deception ; and a deceiver when

) il

KuCi

j^B

B ^

w \

1 i

lii': j

i ',

i i

• I.

'A ! i'

'■mi

400

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

he is fouud out is always despised, as he should be. There is
nothing more wortliy of appi'oval and esteem than a sincere,
frank, honest and true ma i, whose words are the real repre-
sentatives of his feelings, and who despises in his heart low,
selfish cunning. Be a true man. Be frank, honest and sincere.
Don't become a low, cunning trickster. Don't. It never pays
in the outcome.

Edward Irving."

" Novemlter 20th. — See the following item in several
papers :

"PetitioH for apardon. — A petition is being circulated in Columbia
County, W. T., asking Gov. [Mason] to pardon George W. France, who,
it will be remembered, killed [Links Jumper] a number of years ago near
Peola over some land dispute. France has already sensed six years and is
in very i)oor health."

One of the lawyer traitors, who done me up, had a close
friend in the gang who published a pap'^. that continually
puffed the little shyster "nto notice, so that immigrants miglit
fall within his grasp. Indeed, sometimes he edited the sheet
himself ; and this to follow, is what it said :

"Another effort is being made in Columbia County to secure a pardon
for George W. France, the slayer of [Links Jumijei"]. He has been in thu
l)enitentiary six years and ought to remain there six years longer,"

[He evidently expected that I "w aid be troublesome" to
him when I got out, as he had been to me in getting me in.
And he left that section, going to one that was just filling with
immigrants, to waylay them.]

Such gentry are the poiccr Miind the throne ; against the
people, against truth and good faith, against all that is equal,
just and fair and humane. Could anarchy be a worse con-
dition ?

" The Walla Walla Journal in full recognition of all legal
consequences, says that [the editor of the aforesaid sheet] is u
perjured scoundrel," etc., etc.

December 7th, 1885, — " Legislature convened, and no Governor here
since September 19th, or any information from him."

In his message to the Legislature, the Governor says he
" has granted no pardons, except as rebflrte for good conduct."

H^ 'i

My Release,

401

Governor here

Has not a word to say about the injustice, corruptions and
brutality of the contract bastile; or of the asylum; or the steal-
m\f by the ganji; of the University lauds. Is pleased that "the
Territory is an attracfive fidd for the " legal profession " and
favors their being encouraged and even turned out at the
expi-nse of the joeople, instead of showing how easy this swarm
of vermin could be done away with by reforming the Judiciary,
iuul how much better this would be. Gives the excuse of the
territorial treasurer for paying out money without any warrant,
ou the ground that he " had conformed to the practice of
former years," Favors a strong and " loyal " militia who will
blindly obey their [masonic] commanders to protect the Chin-
ese; while American citizens are afforded no protection against
the robber clans, and when stripped of their property are in
large numbers stigmatized as tramps and vagrants and driven
out, with no "strong and loyal" militia to protect them, or
Governor to plead their cause.

A General of this militia was afterwards indicted eight (8)
times for forgery and robbing a county treasury of over
§60,000; then the "charitable brethren" interfered with the
" good Judiciary " which ptit o^his case, while they railroaded
through to prison a lot of outsiders, to be held there for 5, 7, 8,
9, 10 and 14 years, for stealing a little grub, a few dollars, or a
horse ! And the General of the loyal (?) militia has never been
puuished at all, but is picnicing with the plunder, and was
billed to marshal a Fourth of July parade !

From the ring Press. — "Doesn't offed the parade," — "There has been
not a little gossip in this city, since the indictments have been found
against General [Mason], as to the propriety of that gentleman leading the
column in the great parade here ou the Fourth of July, So frequent had
the question been asked on the street, that the P. I. correspondent called
upon the chairman of the [ring] committee on jirogramme and asked him,
if there had been any change in the arrangements with regard to General
[Masou], " Certainly not, " said he, "while there have been some ugly
charges entered against General [^lasou] , he has not been tried upon them
or adjudged guilty, and it is not for us to do one or the other in advance
of the court." [Oh, how considerate with one of the gang.] " He is the
Adjutant General of the militia of the Territory, and as such was iuWted
to marshal the parade. He has accepted, and no other arrangement will
lie made, of course, so long as he signifies his willingness to serve by not
resigning."
26

Pr.cifi'^ N. W. Hi??tory Dapt.

PROVINCIAL. LIBRARY
VICTORIA, B. C.

}iU

402

Extracts fuom Diahy Kkpt in Phison.

[So the subjects of the secret governments desecrate niid
trail our fliig in the dirt. Indeed, the time will come when
such gentlemen will need a "strong and loyal" militia to guard
their lives and plunder from the Avrath and justice of tlio
people whom they spurn, loot and shoot down. Think of a
gang of such " loyal " (?) men shooting down unarmed citizeusi
in the streets, as they did at Seattle, and talking about tlio
" eqiial rights of men." He was made General and " billed tr
marshal the Fourth of July parade! " Why then should otlicr
criminals reform ! when the courts and government are thus
prostituted and virtue made a cringing slave to depravity or
shot down in the streets and field ? And when this Governor,
in violation of law, to protect masonic Chinamen, and his
"loyal " militia who were being arrested /o7' murder, and when
good citizens coiild gvt no protection ; he formed a military
commission " the most powerful court under militai-y govern-
ment " and detained this very General as Judge Advocate and
Recorder of this extra " good Judiciary," to try and punish
offenders against white and yellow Chinamen !

Jan, 5th, 18SG. — "Kev. Parker liei'e. Brought message to Mr. S. . .
from members of the Legislature, that they ' wouhl shake the SAviudle up
and end the prison contract. ' "

Jan. 7th. — " No Legislature or Governor here yet. "
I sent the following petition to the Legislature :

" Seatco Pbison, "W. T , January 8th, 1886.

I hereby respectfully and earnestly petition the Legislature
to rigidly investigate my case and duress — according me a full
and respectful hearing as to the same.

I earnestly certify, that I have been unjustly, cruelly and
corruptly held in prison for over seven (7) years, when it lias
and can be shown beyond dispute or refutation, that there
never was even the shadow of any true case of crime against
me, and having all the time an abundance of proof to so
establish my case ; that I was shanghaied and not convicted,
and every effort to make the fact known to the people has been
squelched. That I have as worthy petitions and other sIioav-
ings as was ever filed at Olympia. That Judge Wingard,
learning the injustice of mj' " conviction " (?) joined in urgiii}:f
my case repeatedly to the Governoi —so that he declares ho

My Reij:ase,

403

Bsecrate uiid
come when
itiato guard
istice of tlio
Think of a
med citizens
ig about tlio
A "billed t(^
, should other
nent are thus
depravity or
lis Governor,
men, and his
ler, and when
id a military
iitary govern-
Ailvocate and
r and punish

age to Mr. S. . .
3 the 8^\'iu(llo up

re :

m, 1886.

le Legislature

ing me a full

" has done more for my release than lie ever before did for
any man in prison," and that I " should have had a new trial."
Please investigate, give me a hearing as to any point held
against me, and take such action as is found to be just.

Geo. W. France."

/(//(. l!)/h. — 3[. . . and K. . . hcvo from Dayton. Bring word that the
county oflifiala and " everybody " will sign my i)etition.

Jiiii. 2-'jt/t. — "PrieHt lier(\ Took i)etition of the prisoners to the
Legislature to ai)point the (']iai)lains, or other outsiders, as a eommissiou
to investigate and report to the Governor as to any priscmer's ecmduet; also
to i)as3 a one- third rebate law, like that of other States, for good conduct.
The jniest and the other \'isiting minister will favor the same." [N. B. —
But they were ignored, because it would interfere with the gang.]

FchriKirii 1st. — "Rev. Parker here from Olymiiia. Thinks the iirison-
ers will be removed to Walla Walla in July, to utilize their labor in the
building of a Territorial Prison that is providinl for to bo built there. And
also thinks and praya that Governor [Mason] will soon be removed."

During the session of the Legislature, in discussing the
Local Option Bill, the Governor is reported as saying as to his
approving or vetoing it :

"I must say that I feel a great deal of embarrassment from the situa-
tion in which I am jilaced v«ith such 2>ileH of remonstrance's and jietitions,
on the one hand and on the other, con.stantly coming in. There was a
telegram from Tacoma with thirteen jjagea of signatures, and otliera from

other places Telegrams have come from Seattle, signed by promi-

ueut business men, and last night a message came from eleven business
men, four of them liquor dealers, asking for the approval of the Local
Option Bill.

TJ/iK matter <f j^''^'^'""^ '•'>' f"*^ i^i^^ '•'* <>f rrry imcertain qunntUy. I have
had j)etitions come in here, for the pardon of prisoners, signed by almost
everybody in the county, and, yet, neither the Judge nor the Prosecuting
Attorney had signed them. It may seem iiresumptuous to ojjcn this

imittt>r, but I de(!m it due to myself to resptu't a ri'quest to be heard on a
qnestiou of thia kind."

Whenever the people suffer one or two members of a secret
sworn brotherhood, lolio heUmg first to their gamj, to exercise
more influence and power than all the people comhined, then
whiskey and vice are sure to get a hearing, while liberty, virtue,
right and justice are spurned to languish.

When the " judge and prosecuting attorney" are mere tools
of the gang, as is so often the case, where then ! is there any
recourse for their victims ?

•f

I
I

': .

\'n

■

^^■' IE if

m "

404

Extracts from Diauy Kept in Pi:isox.

If the earnest will and voice of the people is thus to be
spurned at the crook of the finger of perhaps the vilest villain
in the ganf^! (as has been seen) what is there then in the
most .sacred ri(jht qfpetlflon ?

Is a masonic railroad company a friend to jiistice or the
people ? Can one of the people get any justice against such a
gang in the " good judiciary ? "

And, moreover, will not the " good judiciary " bankrupt
him if he appeals to it for a final decision '?

Is the masonic gang, called the " members of the bar," a
friend to justice or the people ?

Do they not cause all the laws to be flawed, so that it is
simply a matter of fancy or of interest or corruption as to what
they are to be held to be one thing to-day and another thing
next month for a price ?

Do they not, as secret middlemen, make the courts sink
of prostitution and cold-blooded robbery ?

Are they not as a cancer to the people ? Are not judges
and prosecuting attorneys of this gang and secret sworn brethren ?

Do not the masonic railroad companies really make the
selections for office, and are supported by a petition of the
brother members of the "bar "—the cancer of the people ?

Could a prince of virtue and ability get a judgeship against
both or either of these masonic "charitable societies," the
cancer of the j^cople ?

"Where then is a victimVi recourse when the people even en
masse are considered as a " very uncertain quantity" as against
one of these tools of the gang, whose stay in office depends ou
the amount of innocent blood and plunder he sucks from the
victims ! when the most sacred right of 'petition is nullified,
spurned and spit upon ?

That the cancer may suck the homes and heart's blood of
its victims. No law should be made or unmade against the ex-
pressed will of two-thirds of the people. Nor should any hiH
hecome a la iv until sanctioned hy the p)^ople, aixxdi when thus en-
dorsed no court shoxild he alloived to abrogate or nnlJify it. If the
people do not know their constitution, and whether a law would
violate it, then it is time for them to build one that they can
understand.

ii^<

courts sink

My Release.

405

If the courts were honest they would not wait till laws
have been in force for eleven or seventeen years, anil then
imnul them to enrich the gauj^. But they would confirm or
abrogate them/orfhicith on their enncUmuf, if at all.

But a mere sprig of a cancer need not bo expected to favor
such reforms. He would sooner build with the people's money
a haicherij to breed little cancers, for such an " attractive field."

" Fehriirtri/ tth, lHHf>. — Legislature adjourned without visiting this
place. It is loft discretionary with the Governor whether the prisonerrt
are taken away the first of July or held here to enrich the gang, till the
lu'ison is built."

"Seatco Pkison, Wash. Tek., February IGth, 1881).
Hon. R. O. D. . . .

Dear Siu : — Will you please inform me as to the action taken on my
petition to the late Legislature for an investigation of my case and duress,
and whether it was squelched and the reason therefore, and greatly oblige,

Geo. W. Fiunce."
More rot.

"Goldendai-e, Wash. Tek., March iih, 188G.
Geo. W. France :

Dear Sir: — The Legislature concluded that it was not pro])er for it
to take criminal matters out of the hands of the courts. The only jjarty
to appeal to after conviction is the Governor. If the Legislature should
go into the subject of investigation there would be httle use for courts. If
yours is a meritorious case, and the Governor is ai)prised of the facts, that
would go to show the error of your conviction, I have no doubt that he
will extend the executive clemency. Yours Respectfully, R. O. D. . ."

Then, when the Governor belongs to the gang, there is no
recourse for one of their victims. And if the Legislature will
not investigate and correct such corrupt abuses, then tli(>re is
"little use " for legislatures. One who writes or talks likti R.
0. D . . on being informed of such distress, is either a fool or a
thief.

The kind of an outfit this Legislature was and how it
was run by masonic gangs.

From the Press : — -" It is impossible to conceive of a more
corrnpt, worthless and faithless body than the wretched Legis-
lature of 1885. Upon the members of that body the railroad
strikers of Oregon and Washington set to work as they had
never set to work before. A lobby [mason] was establislied at
Olympia, which practiced methods of such shameless corrup-

■ '3

i i

i) '■

I ', ; ■

' I !'*' ^f

ii' I • !

40G

EXTllACTS FROM DiAUY KeIT IN PllIHON.

tiou as 1ms seldom been seen iu the Uuiteil States. The reul
story of the last Legislature, of the lobby established by two
great corporations who combined in the nefarious work of de-
feating the will of the people, of the open and notorious cor-
ruption which was employed to bind a majority as with hooks
of steel to their [masonic] masters, of the means by which a hi/
l(>gislation in the interest of the people was prevented : that
story has never been told, and if it ever is told and told truly,
the people will listen with amazement to a story of corruption

such as has seldom blotted the annals of free government

.... All good citizens should hope that the next Legip-lature
will be a vast improvement on the last. It it is not, the people
oi Washington Territory had better give iip the idea of at-
tempting to govern themselves, and throw themselves upon the
protection of some kind-hearted Czar."

[But the gangs prevent by laio and a corrupt judiciary the
telling of the " true stories " of corruption and crime of their
members. Here following is what one of the gang says as to
such law.]

"Below is given the text of the libel law. It makes the publisher of
a libel resi)on.sible iu civil tlaniagos or eriuiiually, aud we believe it to bo
a good law that no fair, honest luau need fear, but "which will have a
salutary effect upon all evil-minded i^ersous."

[And here folloics the truth ;]

" An attorney in this city assures us that the lately enacted
libel law is operative only against decent people, and is null
and void against persons destitute of good character," [None
of the laws are operative against members of the gang, and a
.Judge has lately openly declared suhstantlalhj, that " the laws
against stealing do not apply to members of the gang." One
who had robb-'i.l a county treasury was discharged by the
■court " becaui^e ihe law did not apply to him " (or his case),
" that it is so, he is jiosUive. It is a delightful law, indeed, that

will tolerate and foster a social condition of this nature It

was perhaps an understanding of this character that induced
notoriously bad men, scandal-mongers, and professional libelers,
to urge the passage of this libel law, that they might go on iu
. their wickedness, and flourish at the expense of the better
portion of the community."

My Release.

407

Again. — "One of the last ivctsnf tlm Ijoj,'i.sliitnn' was to puss a law,
oxomptiiif? from 'taxation t'liarital>lo institntioiiH ami i-hnirli oditlccH iinl
groiuulrt to tlio I'xtont of 8i'><H)0 iu value.

The i)i>oi)lo of Washiugtoii Territory at the last f^enenil ch'ction (k" id-
t'd by au on-nrlielmiinj majority iu favor of taxing cluirch property. The
L('j,'islatnr(! <li(l vt>ry •\vroug iu passiug siieh a law." [IJui they cousiilor
the people a " ivry niicrrtuhi ijKtinlihf."]

This hill was enacted ho as to exempt from taxation /lie
ihtis nnd ollio' propcrti/ of t/ic nilihtit/Jif (juikJ'S, which are con-
sidered hy the brethren in office as " charitahk' institutions."

Aijidii from the Preits. — "It will take two years and au outhiy of
thousauds of dollars iu legal exi)cuscs, to decide what i.s law. About the
first thing that a lawyer uow undertakes in the iut(!rest of his client [if he
lielongH to the gang] is to get the law.s "buBted," if thereby ho can gain
uu advantage."

And ajjjain. — "It is asserted that every corrupt practice is
brought into play, that money is freely used, that men recom-
mended by their duplicity and their ability as fixers have been
imported from beyond the borders of the Territory to perform
the filthy work of the lobby, and that the wishes of the people
have been deliberately overridden by lobbyist and legislator
alike

They can and do exert a supervision over all legislation,
and defeat any tliat is conceived in fhe intered of the people. The
managers of the lobby at Olympia, among whom are a well
known Oregon politician, and an equally well known Territor-
ial Official [both masons, of course], it is asserted, receive daily
instructions fi-om headquarters — instructions it is safe to say
they carry out to the letter. Never has our Territory been so
shamefully, outrageously disgraced .... never have a people
been bound hand and foot and handed over to their enemies by
their faithless servants in a more shameful manner. If there
is a citizen of the Territory who doeti not blush at the thought
of this corruption, he is unworthy of his citizenship. These
tacts are coming to the ears of the people slowly. This is to
be accounted for in several ways. The devotion of both of the
Olympia newspapers to the cause of monopoly [masonry], their
connection with all that is evil in our politics, and their hostil-
' ity to every popular movement is well known. They, of cour^r>,
could be relied upon not to tell anything of the operations of

■ ? 1

iJ i!

(iilii

?,'(

"■ hi

I I 1 . 1 7*

408

ExTlU(^Ta FROM DlAllY KePT IN PlJISON.

If. i

\'r ill:

tlie lobby. The correspondents at Olympia have, with one ex-
ception, been purchased or cajoled, and have become pliaut
tools of the corruptionists. With such a condition of affairs it
lijis been an easy matter to carry on the nefarious work as if in
the dark — to persuade legislators that their actions would
never be known by their constituents."

" March IDfJi, 188G. — I wrote to the prison director who
was to assist the Governor in the investigation of my case :

" When you were here with the Governor yon appeared to
be interested in my case, and said you would, at the Governor's
request, investigate the matter, including all the papers on file,
and would also write to the references as to the same. But I
have failed to hear anything further from you or the Governor.
And I am still here, suffering the cruel ravages of the black

conspiracy Now I earnestly request you to frankly and d(^-

finitely answer me the following questions. Will you, please,
do so?

Firat. — What papers, letters, etc., did you find on file as to
my case at Olympia ?

Seco7ul. — Will you, please, answer the qiiestions and points
as given and numbered in my .argument and plea ?

Third.— Is not my case and innocence fully shown and de-
monstrated ? If not, on wh((t point ?

Fourth. —Are not my references for proof very complete
and knowing, and as worthy of belief and influence as auy
against me ?

Fifth. — Is there any stronger case, in justice and right, or
any uvfroil hy better or more competent witnesses and proof tlmii
given in my favor ? If so, please name any such case !

Sixtli.— Is it fair play to be influenced and contrclled in
such matters by secret influences that fear the scrutiny of liglit?

Seventh. — Why is a respectful hearing and an o/xn dai/Jiijht
investic/ntion of mi/ case always sgnclched ?

Eif/hth. — Does not Judge Wingard declare virtually, that I
am unjustly held in prison ?

Now, Mr , please be so good as to answer my questions

honestly, frankly and specifically — manly. And greatly ob]i^a>

Yours very respectfully,

Geo. W. Fuance."

My Eklease.

409

tl on file as to

liown and

"P. S.— If you will not answer these questions, which are
of such vital concern to me, please transmit the same to the
Governor, with my request that he will do so. G, W. F."

To which he replied (?), ignoring my questions -fearing to
face the truth, as they always did — and gave this rot as a

"reply" :

' lu reply I will say: — I hail not forgotten yonr case, bnt it stands in
the vay. The case is Iwt'iu-e the Governor for /n's action and invcstii^ation,
ami is entirely out of my reach. I have had a number of talks with the
Governor and have tendered him my sei'vices whenever he requires them.
That is all I could do. T))e (rovernor has his own ideas of these matters,
iiud your only way is to address him direct. His couvei'satiou with me
was coutidential. I will, therefore, not re2)eat it."

So the matter was conceded to be a ring secret, that they
were liound to keep in the dark.

As to me " addressing the Governor direct," I had al-
ready done so, but with no more eflect, than if he ica.f phd'icdto
tk (jiUKj to keep the matter in the dark, so it woukl not be
"troublesome" to them.

A man had been elected ."S Delegate to Congress, as a
champion of the people against the gang known as the N. P. R.
R. But whether he was a mason himself and thus betrayed
the people I did not know, but thought I would find out whether
he Mould really defend one of the people against the gang. So
I addressed him as here to follow;

• Seatco PmsoN, Thurston Co., W. T., April 7th, 1881).

Hon. C. S. VooKHEEs, AVashiugtou, 1). C.

Deau Sin: — Over seven years ago, by the aid of C ..'s treachery, I
\viis Kliuughaied from my home in ' i)lunibia County and incd,rcerat«Hl in
this pnson.

It was a craspiracy to nmrdor and rob me, I being possessed of a
S'2d,00() i)lant and foitune I lir-.d Ijonestly earned, .is the land records will,
iua degree, shoAV. In reiielling a umrderons attack with a carbine, while
poiiccably at work on my own home, I returned the Are with a poi-ket
liistiil, killing one of the gang who was tlnis nhootiugat me, killing a horso
I'v my .side. And he having sAvorn to kill mo at such time, i)lace and cir-
lUiiistiiuc- Then by the treachery of C. . . and another blackleg shyster
(li-- ) a iiiige amount of money was, under huxe, fidse pretensiaiis, e.rtorled
fuuu nie, without atlbi'ding me any real trial- -which I have alw.'.ys failed
to got — and the facts of the damnable outrage are sought to bo biined with
uu' iu this prison, while mv familv would be dest.'ovod. Ev(>rv eiTort to

\.\..rii

.lis,

i i'

k' -';

■ i'fc. '. £

ffff

jit^- . ar.' i H^ i wi i^

i
J: ^il

I! h

iri:

410

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

procure an oiion, honest investigation has been squelched; the GoveiuoiN
putting me off with false iiromisea and turning a deaf ear to all of niv
apjieals us well as from Judge Wingaiit (to whom I refer), my neighbors
aid that of others usiially successful in releasing prisoners from other
prisons. There was never the shadow of any true case against me; so evi-
dent is this, that no ojyen opi^osition has apjieared against my release, and
the Governors hioin that I am innocent of any crime.

I have been informed that I could get out for more mone hut I
earnestly appeal to you to present my case to the President, to the Secre-
tary of the Interior and to Congress, and establish whether there is anv
recourse in such a case of cruel, brutal, inhuman oiitrage and ravage,
or not.

I have appealed in vain to the Governors to put a finger on any poiut

or i)liase charged against me, that has not been completely refuted, and

that it vDuld be, beyond question. But they could not do it and will ur '

attempt it. Yours very truly,

Geo. W. Fea.n :.. '

(Written after my release.)

"Peola, Garfield Co., W. T., July 28th, 188>i.
Hon. C. S. Voorhees, 'Washington, D. C:

Dear Sir : —I wrote to you by registered letter, April 7tl;,
1886, informing you that I had been shanghaied, and was tlieu
incarcerated in the Seatco contract-bastile. That I was inno-
cent of any crime, and had never had and could never get any
real trial, or find any recourse in the territory, etc., etc. And
appealed to you to present my case to the President, Secretary
of the Interior, and to Congress.

But I never received even a reply. I desire, if you please,
to know your reason for thus ignoring such an appeal for
justice and humanity in behalf of a pioneer homebuilder, crnelly
languishing in prison to be plundered and ravaged by the gaug.

Very truly, Geo. W. France."

( "House of EEPUESENTATrvES, U. S.,
\ Washington, D. C, August Otli, 1888.
Geo. W. Fkance, Esq., Peola, Wash.:

Sik: — I have no recollection Avhatever as to the circumstauce to
which you refer in your letter of the 2Hth ult. I wiU be glad to servo you
in any way I can, if you will make the case known to me.

Yours truly, C. S. A'ooehees. "

" Peol.^, Garfield Co., W. T., August 23rd, 1888.
Hon. C. S. Voorhees :

Dear Sir : — Your favor of the 9th inst. at hand. I (Miolose

at do it and will uc'
>EO. W. Fkan:).'

it hiUuL I enclose

My Release.

•Ill

Post Office receipt of the letter I wrote to you while falsely
coufiued in the Seatco bastile.

You can serve me and a just cause by having the depart-
ment investigate the matter and find out to a certainty tcho
stole that letter ? Other functions of the Government were pros-
tituted against me, and the post-master, being one of the prison
contractors, may be the thief.

The letter was of the greatest vital importance — beyond
that of dollars and cents — aiid now let it he knotvii whether such
hnddl crimes can be done ivith irnpunity or not. Many of my let-
ters were never received, and I wish you to inform me whether
you will push and stay with this matter to a definite conclusion.

Yours truly, Geo. W. France."

"Colfax, W. T., September 7th, 1888.
Geo. W. Fbance, Peola, W. T. : '

Dear Sir : — If yoii ^^411, upon my return to Washington next fall, again
direct my attention to the subject matter of your letter of the 2;}d ult.,
which was forwarded me here, I will very gladly institute such investi-
gations as you suggest. I return the registry receipt with the suggestion
that yoa will send it to me when you write in the latter part of Novem-
ber. Very truly yours, C. S. Voorhees."

" December 10th, 1888.

.... In accordance with your promise to investigate,
etc., the matter of the loss or theft of the letter I registered to
you for investigation of my case while falsely imprisoned, on
your rot am to Washington from Colfax, I herewith return the
receip' aiu' urgently " direct your attention to the subject " as
yon i'ugfjffiied in your letter of September 7th, 1888.

r '-3 let me know if you receive this, also the result of
i'.NO/'tigii.ion, ar, I de; ire to push the matter to some definite
conclusio" i'lease have the .receipt preserved, and in case of
failure return it to me and greatly oblige,

Yours truly, Geo. W. France."

Tliis investigation was squelched also, and the receipt
stolen too, as I never heard anything more about it. It should
interest and spur the American people to action to know that
(' ' branch of the governinod is rotten with linked masonri/, so
'' d- o'.ly outside criminals can be punished for crime.

•• le Jith, 188G. — Contract let at Walla Walla to build a peniteu-

tiarv."

412

EXTIUGTS FllOM DlAJlY KErT IX PllISON.

" Jidi/ Int. — Prison contract is expired; so the Governor can keep
the prisoners wherever ho pleases, antl can utilize their labor in the build-
ing of the pen at Walla Walla, there being suitable temporary quarters
that conld be had, or a cheap building could be built on the giounil
and afterwards used for shops."

But the Governor chose to leave the prisoners to enrich the gan^
at the expense of the people, and continue the contract-bastile-brntalitv
as long as i>ossible.

" Juli/ 9th, iS^6.— Ex-Governor [Links] tells me voluntarily,
that " if he was Governor he would let me go," tJiat " vii/ am-
duct hasalicai/s been good," and he "will recommend my pardou
to Go^'»3''nor [Mason]." I reply that "I thought you was op-
posing 1 ^ease?"

" No; y said ; " I 7,.,,vu-\. not done that. All I have got
against you is, you made Judge Wingard and me enemies. "
" Will you give me a copy of your recommendation to the Gov-
ernor?" said I.

"Yes," said he, "I will bring it the next time I come."
[He is now the prison doctor. It will be remembered how /
made Links and Wingard enemies.]

" Jidi/ 21th. — Ex-Governor (Doctor) [Links] here; said " he would
write the recommendation to the Governor to-night, as soon as he got
home, and also a coiiy of it for me. "

" Aii;/ii.tt 29th, ISSG. — Doctor (ex-Governor) here; says he ' has written
and sent to the Governor his recommendation for my release,' that ';w"r
conduct han <dirii>/s been good, and you have been here long enough.' Will
bring copy of it next time he comes." So he says, vdWi his moutli— more

EOT.

" Aiif/iint 30th. — J. P.. pardoned from Oregon penitentiary— had a
life sentence and served about five (5) years ; was first sentenced to bang, "
^'September ISth. — Governor [Mason] goes to the States without com-
ing here at all."

" Must rampant vice still triumph ovei' laws,
And will not pitj/ing hearen avenge our cause? "
"Only the actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in the dust."

" Seatco Prison, W. T., October 20th, 1886.
Hon. N. H. [Mason]:

Sir: — As you are acting Governor, I most respectfully aud
earnestly appeal to you for my restoration.

I have been cruelly and malignantly imprisoned for ovpr
eight years. Yet, if you will examine all the papers (ni tilo in

My Release.

413

my behalf, or heretofore addressed to i he Governors, and never
answered, you will be compelled to see uiaL I was never guilty
of any crime. And which fact, if not apparent as to any point,
I have always begged to establish beyond dispute, if such point or
phase be pointed out that is held against me.

If, after all this suffering, and abuse, and ill-health, and
ravage, you have the hardihood to reject my petition, at leas'.
please answer this letter, and the points made in my argument
aud plea on file— each to each, as pointed out and numbered
from " one to four," which will be doing that much more than
vour vindictive, unrelenting predecessors have done, and hioic-
inij all the time that I was shanghaied and betrayed for plunder
aud ravage, and that I only defended my life.

Yours very truly Geo. W. France."

This official was also a secret-sworn-brotherhood-man, as
Ids evasive and contemptible rot shows for itseli, for neither
would he face my case at all, and he holds that the " people and
justice be damned," and that the masonic prostituted courts

are infallible.

"Tekkitoby of Washington. — Secbetaby's Office.

Olympia, October 28tli, 1886.
Geo, W. Fkance, Seatco, W. T. :

Deab Sib : — In reply to yours of the 20th inst. I will say that I
finJ nothing on file in this office that would justify the executive in
tukiug action in your case that would set at naught the action of the
iiulifiary.

My own idea in regard to pardons is that in no case should the
executive interfere with the courts, unless evidence is produced that
viis Dot before the court and jury, that would have cleared him on h'
trial. Very respectfully yours,

N. H. [Mason], Acting Governor."

Tlie executive is sworn to virtually " interfere with the courts "
whenever they are prostituted, or through error do an injustice
iu such cases. If the courts were infallible, there would be no
need of a higher power, and a fool ought to know that a secret
ring court and a fixed jury care nothing whatever for the kind or
wnount of evidence in the case of the gang against a good citizen, or
'^ good citizen against one of the gang, e\ce\)t its bearing on the
public mind iu making them odious. Yet this ring official

IJ i'

5 K'.

V\l

414

Extracts fuom Diary Kept in Prison.

holds and acts, that in such cases of court prostitution there
should be no recourse for justice and truth.

History gives no aqcount of any more hellish tyranny tlian
this.

The pardoning power should be in the hands of the people of
each county or judicial district. Only members of the f^'iiuir
woiild oppose this, because they could not prostitute the people
as easy as they do an office.

Nearly all good citizens do declare that the courts are pros-
titided against them, and that they "cannot get justice againd a
Tnemher of any midnight brotherhood."

"February 14th, 1887. — The new penitentiary at Walla
"Walla was turned over to the Governor as ' ready for occu-
pancy.' The plain law requires the Governor to cause the
prisoners to be removed there forthioith, and appropriated the
necessary means to do so."

" March h5fh, 1887. — Ninety-eight prisoners here now ; the
"Walla "Walla Board of Trade declares that,

" miei-eiif!, if there is a legal doubt as to the maintaining of the iiiison-
ers at the Territorial penitentiary (at Walla Walla), there is manifestly a
graver doubt of power lor their maintenance elsewhere,"

" But the Governor contends, that it is more * lawful ' to
continue the coutract-bastile till the Legislature meets again,
paying tlii. gang hotel rates besides the labor of the prison-
ers, than to comply with the plain letter and spirit of the law,
which was considered as ample and all right when it was made
and signed, until now, when it is to the interest of the gang to
' discover ' the flaw with Avhich they had fixed it. The most of
tlie ring press are howling for the gang, and to rob the
people. They, too, have \}ust discovered^ the hole or flaw in the
law. Of course, the Governor didn't see it wJien he signed it."

"March 24th, 1887. — Governor [Mason] here; he had no-
thing to say to me nor I to him. S.. asked him about his
case ; said he * had never seen his petitions, though he was
satisfied they were there, as S . . 's friends had told him of
them, and he would see the Judge about his case.' S. is
given to understand that if he 'would leave the country he
can get out.' Yet he knows of no opposition to his release
except these prison contractors and the ex-Governor; he

'M-.^,:

ON.

My Reij3ase.

415

)stitution tliere

li tyranny tlian

? of the 2Xoph' of
rs of the gang
tute the people

courts are pron-
ustice mjaiml a

tiary at Walla
•eacly for occu-
ir to cause the
ppropriated the

3 here now ; the

ining of the prison-
lere is manifestly a

lore ' lawful ' to
re meets agaiu,
r of the prisou-
,pirit of the law,
lien it was made
of the pang to
The most of
,ncl to rob the
e or flaw in the
e sigiwd il"
■e; he had no-
tl him about his
;hough he was
,d told him of
case.' S- • IS
|the country he
to his release
Governor; he

liaviug exposed their conduct to the Legislature, and Las been
persecuted accordingly. Soon after Governor Links had been
removed, S . . as well as myself asked him, if he had left our
petitions, etc., on file in the executive office, and he replied
that he had ; and subsequently I asked him again as to mine,
aud lie said that he had left all of my papers, letters, ' evcrij-
tJihuj' on file with the new Governor. Yet, noAv Governor
Mason says that he has never even seen S . . 's petitions, not-
withstanding S . . told him of them, and asked him to examine
them at his first visit here, when he said that he would * act on
France's case the first one,' etc."

This is how such officials attend to the most vital business
((III (xtih-hound' trust) of their office, and ignore and spit upon
the people, as an " uncertain qiiantity."

" March 2(ith. — It is reported that the daylight thrown on
the Governors conduct in keeping the prisoners here (even
after the completion of the Territorial penitentiary) by the
people of Walla Walla, will cause the prisoners to be removed
after some more parleying.

It is also reported that Governor Mason will soon be re-
moved, and the prisoners rejoice, declaring him to be " even
worse than Links, and that if this lane through hell is to ever
have any turn, it must be at the next change of the devils in
charge."

The democrats here have been contending all the time that
"if a democrat was appointed Governor, he would make a break
in the ring, expose its corruptions to the people, and having
some regard for the people's welfare, would be influenced by
them, instead of being a tool of the gang, aud would reform the
ofSce."

The republicans here have replied that " Avhile the repub-
lican officials were dog-fish aristocrats, caring nothing for the
good of the people, the democratic officials were slave drivers
by instinct," and pointed to the prison contract system in the
democratic States. That "while in such cases the contractors
always 7>cn"(? the State so much per day, instead of hing paid
seventy cents for each prisoner per day, besides their labor, as
this gang was doing, yet, it was a brutality and outrage on

SIS

416

EXTIUCTS FllOM DfAIiY KepT IN PuiSON.

U t-

men mostly heifer than themselves, if not such a bare-faced swindle
in money on the people as in this Territory."

Those who had critically studied the conduct of the offi-
cials of both parties, maintained that there was no more diilfer-
ence between the democratic and republican parties than there
is between one masonic railroad company that has got a rail-
road from the people, and another masonic railroad company
that is trying to get the people to give them a railroad, or the
means to get one without earning or buying it. And that
there is no more diflference in the principles and feelings of the
officials, or more influential members of these parties, than there
is between one free-mason or odd-fellow chief and another
free-mason and odd-fellow chief, they being linked together iu
a secret sworn robber clan, as the Chinese highbinders (free-
masons) ignoring and spurning our Government and courts, ex-
cept to prostitute them, so as to enrich themselves and picnic
at the expense and distress of the people. That their prosti-
tuting secrets are so diabolical that it is death to reveal them to
the people.

" April 9th. — Governor [Mason] orders the prisoners to be removed to
WaUa Walla, May 1st."

" April 10th, 18H7. — Governor [MasonJ bounced and a ^ Democrat^ is
appointed Governor. "

" April 23d. — Governor ['Democrat'] assumed liis office."

" April 29th. — Governor ['Democrat'] has suspended the
order to remove the prisoners, and the contractors smile, the
prisoners shudder and remark, ' how other men violate the law
with impunity.' "

" May 5th. — Governor 'Democrat' here; he doesn't want
to talk to any prisoners, which is just as well, unless he is more
truthful than his predecessors. It is reported that he has
weakened and that the prisoners Avill leave here the 10th inst."

If these Governors were in irons as prisoners, hoio their
physiognomies tvoidd he remarked!

" May 10th, 1887. — We boarded the train for the new prison
at Walla Walla; occupy two passenger and one baggage car,
Nothing very strange on the road; about half of the prisoners
were heavily ironed in pairs, two of whom cut loose and jumped
out of a window — one escaping, the other was stopped with

My Release.

417

faced swiudle

pistol shots. The most of the other men were ironed single ;
the balance of us not at all. A lame one ' with pride in his
port,' against whom the ex-Governor and Co. had a grudge on
account of his frank morals, though scarcely guarding him be-
fore—sometimes not at all — and had never attempted to escape,
was now heavily riveted to an ugly Indian — (even the day be-
fore starting) — to reduce his moral standard.

Herod to his sons : — " But do you, oh, my good children,
reflect upon the holiness of nature itself, by whose means
natural affection is preserved even among Avild beasts ; let this
oppression raise the fire of vengeance in your hearts— deter-
mined to be avenged."

^'F'li' off tlirough the lone Hiyht watch I htd yeariiedfor my home,
When dreams and thoughts of hippiness across m,y soitl had come)
Vet, now my heart was/aiiithif/ and I gazed with anxions/ear
Upon the well-lcnoim mou.nlauis, though so beaiUifid iind near."

"Walla Walla, W. T., May 17th, 1887.
Hon. S. C. Wingard:

Dear Sir : — I am still in prison, (or what is left of me) and
no man has yet dared to charge that it is so by any fault of
mine, and accord me a l^ir chance to refute it. Neither
Governor could, or would thus mark a single point against me;
they kneio there was never any true case against me ; they knew
that I was attacked on my own home, and failing by a scratch
to murder me there, that they shanghaied me to carry out their
hellish designs of murder, robbery and ravage by degrees, by
prostituting the courts and executive office.

And yet they held me down for my heart's blood to be
wrung out, as though I had not the right to defend my life
against a robber assassin firing at me with a carbine, and the
magazine filled for the very purpose.

Recall what I told you at the out-set ; and now that so
many of my assertions are proven true by a succession of terrible
events, that I begged of you to help prevent and thus save me
from ruin, you must know that I always spoke the truth.

Although there is comparatively little left for me to

struggle or live for now, and so many honest, earnest efforts for

my restoration have been spurned and spit upon, or squelched,

yot, I wish to revive those true and tvorthij efforts and showings

ES^Hl:ifl|

■■;

■«,1

ili^«B^

. Mil §!

418

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

to the attention of Governor ['Democrat'] and see whetlior
lie, too, will spurn and spit upon them, or will do me what
justice he can. Will you, therefore, kindly renew your efforts iu
my behalf to the new Governor?

Yours Truly,

Geo. W. France."

"May 20//(.— Judge Wingard sent recommendation (to
Governor) to me, to see it before mailing ; also sent excuse for
not coming to see me personally — that he " did'nt like to show-
discrimination." [A Judge could learn more knowledge that
would fit him for a Judge by visiting all of his su'jjects, thau
he ever can from law books.]

He says to the Governor: "I especially recommend for
pardon George W. France, as he has fully expiated the crime
for which he Avas convicted and sentenced."

To which he received the following reply :

' ' Washington Terkitory, Executivk Department,
governor's office.

Olympia, W. T., May 23rd, 1887.
Hon. S. 0. WiNGAKD, Walla WaUa, W. T.

Dear Sir: — Yonr note of May 2{)tb, recommending pardon of George
W. France, is received and jjlaced on file. There is no uppUcatioa for the
release of this prisoner in this office.

Very respectfully, ;' our obedient servant,

E. . . [Democrat], Governor."

Judge W . . sent me the Governor's letter to answer; which
I did by giving the Governor a list and synopsis of what should
be on file in my behalf and closed as here to follow :

"I submit that the fact alone that a prisoner's honest, earnest
efforts, and that of his friends, are stoleu or squelched, ought
to be proof to an honest man, that official functions have beeu

prostituted against him.

Yours very truly,

Geo. W. France."

" June 10th, 1887.— One of the guards— an old time ac-
quaintance — tells me that " it is the talk " and " seems to he
understood that you Avill be released in a few days." I ask
him to be my substitute for those "few days," and he swears
that he " really would if he could, though it were many months,"
9U*

My Release.

419

see wlictlior

do me what

rour efforts iu

^. France."

lenclatiou ( to
ant excuse for
blike to show
[lowleclf^e that
su-jjects, thau

•ecommeml for
atecl the crime

TMENT,

ay 23rd, 1887.

parilon of George
itppUcutUm for the

|t], Governor."

answer; which

of what slioM

[low :
1 honest, earuest

tuelchetl, ou^lit

[ions have been

|W. France."
old time ae-
" seems to he
days." I '^'''^
and he swears
many months,

"Walla Walla, W. T., June 15th, 1887.
Hon. S. C. Wingard:

Dear Sir : — I forthwith wrote Governor [Democrat] iu re-
gard to the absence of petitions, etc., etc., for my release; citing
the greater part of what should be on file and that Governor
[Links] had repeatedly declared that he had left aU — 'cveri/-
ihi)i(j' in my behalf on file; and later that he had written to
Governor [Mason] his recommendation for my pardon; and that
Governor [Mason] never diapuled the same to me ; — but I get no
reply.

I am, therefore, constrained to request you to answer him
(Governor Democrat) also, and in as urgent a manner as the
case demands.

I have but four months from the 21st inst. to my short
time, which would not justify the duplicating of all the work
doue for my justice, by friends worn out in the cause, only to
be lied to and spit at by blackleg Governors, at the secret beck
of their kind.

I told Governor [Democrat] that it was "but a technical
sentence," done with the understanding that I would be
presently restored."

Yours very truly,

Geo. W. France."

To which Judge W — replied as follows :

"Walla Walla, Wash. Tekbitoky, June 20th, 1887.
Mr. Geo. W. France.

Dear Sib: — I have written to Governor [Democrat] as you requested.

Yoxirs, etc., S. C. Wingard."

[He got some kmd of a reply; to which he replied June 25th.]

" June 25th. — The warden tells me ' the Governor has sent
for my commitment' which is supposed to mean f\u' my case
is settled, that I go forthwith — the commitment i.*^..ug used to
make out a pardon."

" June 27th. — Judge Wingard and others called ; he said,
' the Governor has sent for your commitment and we expect to
see you out very soon,' etc. He told another prisoner that he
'had recommended my pardon to three Governors, and he is still

ui: "

July 4tli. — E. V... and family called. Say, that "the most of those

! :f

'i : i'S ' !

.''1 ': • i

420

Extracts from Diary Keit in Prihon.

who wi'ic ai'tiv<i agiiiiiHt mo, Iiiivk tlu'iiiHolvcs boeu wreck iind their tnic
chiuactcrs cxitoscd in tniiif^ to wreck others, etc. ; and that thoy (my
iicij^hborK) wiiut nio hack."

The gauf; evidently seiuls iu another secret veto, aud the
Governor writes the following contemptible, rotten quil)l)l(\ //
is eltlicr one false ixcit.se or anofhtr (and, of course, such cau
alu'dijK he had) and means that there is no recourse for a victim
of the (jang, and that IT STILL RULES.

"Olympia, W. T., July 'Jth, 18H7.
Hon. S. C. WiNOAitu, Walla Walla, W. T.

Dear Siu : — Your letter of Juue 25th was duly received and contents
noted. Answer has been delayed, pending examination into the cuse of
Geo. W. France, and, as before statod, I do not think it proper to grunt ii
pardon ui)on the mere rociuest of any number of persons, or Tipou argu-
ments or theories other than those based upon well-established facts. A
showing in the nature of the showing required upon a motion for a now
trial should be made. Aud upon notice to the District Attorut!y. In tiie
case under consideration I do not thiuk there is sufficient cause shown for
executive interference, aud, therefore, the prayer of the jietitiou must be
denied. Very respectfully,

E. . . [Demc Governor. "

So Judge W . . was still incompetent to properly present
my case. One would think that after all of his experience in
the matter with the other Governors, they would have tau<Tht
him the way to do such business. But he knew that the rotten,
quibbling excuse was a mere handfull of soft dirt thrown in the
face for a blind, and that, do what ive mig't, he would always be
found full of dirt to spit out, and so he gives up the job as
follows:

"Walla Walla, W. T., July 11th, 1887.
Mr. Geo. W. Franc'E.

Dear Sir: — I send you the reply of the Governor, which, I regret, is
not favorable to your release.

I do not know the reason, but all of the Governors seem to take iiu ad-
verse view of your application. Now I have done all I can for you, imd
•without fee or reward or the expectation of any. Nor would I accept any-
thing for what I have done, if oftered. If I could pardon you, I would do
so, because I think you have been punished enough for your oflfense.

But I am powerless to aid you further, except to pympathize with you
which I know is poor comfort. Respectfully yom-s,

S. C. WlNOARD."

My Relkahe.

421

The Goveruor wanted to f^o through the motions of doing
something unci do nothing.

Tlio "argunitMits and theories "of my case wvwe "based
upon well established facts," and the Governor hvw if, if he
c'iiit'd to knew it, and he could not put his finger on a single
weak point.

And the showing was ten times stronger and move complete
than is generally required n])on "a motion for a new trial," and
this he hu'io also, if lie cared to know ; and the district attorney
iriis notified in various wa3's.

But it must be an effort of one of the gang, for a price, to
be attractive to such ring lackeys. This is the fellow that
nominated ex-Governor Links for a trustee of the insane
asylum! which shows how lie would murder sutl't'iing huiuauity
to affiliate with his ,

" Slioiild pale disease their trembling limhs iuvade,
They would call not, they woi.ld expect not Imiuan aid."

" JuJi/ 28fh. — B . . called ; says, ' the people felt very sorry
for me, etc., but had found that thei/ had no in/hience to redress
the wrong, and could do nothing.' "

"Auymt 4th. — Prison din^ctors here; said, they 'would
forthwith recommend my release,' and afterwards one of them
told me that 'they had done so.' I believe this had never hfore
hx)\ done in tlic Territorij.

^^ August 8th. — I asked the warden whether 'there is going
to be any foolishness about me getting all of my short time,' he
replied, ' I don't see how there can be, for there is not a single
scratch against your conduct, neither here nor at Seatco.' "

" Oh, what (I troir/led treh roe roeave,
WJiene'er we jiract ice to deceive."

" August 9th. — Received letter from M . . saying, ' We would
gladly assist you in any way we could to get you your freedom,
for you should not have been imprisoned at ad, and we have
written several times to the Governor in regard to your case,
but he would not even reply,' etc."

" August 20th. — I have been shown a letter from the Gov-
ernor, and in spitting on the petition for the release of one of
the innocent prisoners, he virtually declares that the people

• " fU

422

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison,

should not be permitted to interfere with the work of the gang,
or courts, when they are prostituted or err. He regards peti-
tions of the people as * worthlcsfi,' and continues saying, *a peti-
tion no matter from hoiv many people, is not ordinarily ground
for granting a pardon.' "

Thus he admits that the government is not ' hy the people
—for the people,' and he continues : ' The people have estab-
lished courts to deal with such cases.' [But ilmj reserved to
themselves the RIGHT OF rETiTiON to correct their abuses, and auj-
man who would spit upon or nullify this right, is a tool of the
gang and a traitor to his country.]

"And," he continues, "Executive officers should not inter-
fere to disturb the course of justice except upon the very
strongest showings."

[But it is the course of iNJustice and iniquity and rohbrrij,
that tlio people frequently have occasion to " disturb " and cor-
rect. And what stronger sho>ving could there be than that a
victim was positively and heyond disjnite innocent of any crime,
as was done in my case, and yet even this was spurned.

It is false to assert that the joeople established these courts
as they are in ipractice— robbing machines run in the interest of
the gang. Tools of the gang talk that way, but nine of the people
out of ten declare the courts to be "a rotten fraud."

If a person will sign a petition ignorantly or wrongly, .so
loill he vote, and to petition should be as effective as to vote.

Thieves and traitors can get votes, nominations and ap-
pointments to office, by conspiracy, corruption and deceit, who
naturally deny the people the right to effectually retort, cemun.
and correct these false, corrupt agents, who are supposed to be the
people's servants, not their tyrants and vampires.

The foregoing case was this : A very peaceable man had,
in the defense of his life and household, killed a man who was
armed with a razor and gun, and in the act of " cleaning out the
ranch," as he had said he would come and do. This was so
plain and evident that there was not an effort made to arrest
him, or try the case for several years afterwards, when the main
witnesses had died, then 1 is enemies (against the will and judg-
ment of the people, wlu knew the case as can be imagined
better than the courts could know it by their inode of practice)

My Release.

423

secured his convictiou and sentence of thirteen years in prison.
Aud even now, when the victim has suffered near half of this
age of time, the outcry of the people for his justice is spurned as
" worthless," and he is cruelly told that he 7mist so horrihhj lan-
guish and die !

The heads of tyrants have been ]; traded through the
streets, stuck on poles, for less tyranny than this.

Now FOR A LiTTi^E DIFFERENT EXAMPLE : Afterwards S . .
pleads guilty to burglary, and gets one year in this pen, but says
" he will not stay long, for the Governor is almost obliyed to par-
don him." When pressed for a reason why the Governor would
favor him more than others, said : his "father ivas a mason."
Tli(' pardon came in tico months, nor did they bother with any
"worthless" public petition.

Oh, try to think of the feelings of the innocent who must
languish ! aud see to it, my fellow-men, that the sober second
thouglit of the people shall he law.

The following are some of the reasons given for granting
pardons by the Governor of Oregon :

" Grave doubts as to guilt. "

Youth of the prisoner und iiroituse to leave the State.

Evidence that the oifense committed was entirely unpremeditated.

Severity of sentence.

Good conduct of i)risoner.

Failing health.

Petition of jjersons and judioial oiHcers.

Previous good conduct and good character.

Otfense was committed in the heat of passion, and under very trying,
provoking aud aggravating circumstances.

liccause conviction was made on purely circumstantial evidence.

Advanced age.

The Governor (Hill) of New York "requested the fricnda of the
prinoiiiTs to furnish hi:a information on six 2>oints — svhethor the prisoners
wt'io uot properly defended, or their trials were conducted improperly or un-
fairly ; whether it is now claimed that the prisoners wm-e innocent of the
otTouHo for which they were convicted ; whether, if they Avere guilty, they
iU'e now penitent and ai'o Avilling to c^ase the commission of such offenses;
wliiit mitigating circumstances are claimed to exist which ca.l for or war-
rant executive clemency ; whether the .sentences are held to have been too
severe for the oftenses charged ; and whether anything has occurred since
tlif ir trials to change the circumstances of their cases. "

[They were pardoned. J

,' i

424

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

rt).i

None of the four blackleg secret ring Governors of Wash-
ington would honestly and openly give out a single 2^oin(, aud
they ignored and spurned every point and all the reasons
deemed good enough for Oregon and New York.

And I proved that the courts were closed against the
prisoners, to be opened only on the delivery to the court gaug
of various big sums of gold, that they have not ! These facts
should awaken the most careless understanding.

" Strike if you will but hear .' " •

"September 17th. — Several preachers visited the prison;
one of them ' hoped that I had repented and reformed.'

' No, Sir ! I have done nothing for which I should repeut
or reform according to the golden rule — which is my creed—
nor of the laws of Moses, or that of our own or any other coun-
try on the face of the earth ! '

"But," said he, " I suppor 3 you were cox y/cte/, and must
therefore be guilty of crime ? "

' Now, this shows your child-like ignorance of men, and the
criminal jugglery of the courts, which j^ou should learn, aud
then work to reform the real criminals instead of their victims.
I was SHANGHAIED, never convicted at all, and I could find no re-
course. Because men have been howled down by the }j;aii^'
and railroaded through the courts in charge and control of
blackleg shysters — in whom victims are required to trust— and
are thus thrown into prison, is really not reliable proof that
they are criminals ; twenty per cent, of these prisoners are
really no more guilty of crime than you are — supposing you to
be innocent ; and take them all together, they are no more
criminal at heart or brain than the first 100 men you see on the
outside. The worst criminals of all belong to the gaug, aud
thus get into nfflce instead of into prison.'

" But," said he, " it is a horrible thing to take human life ! "

' Yes, indeed, said I, ' but I prevented that, in my case, hy
killing the robber assassin — even one of the gang — thus saving
my life ! only, however, to be murdered and ravaged by tlie
devil's brethren in office and out, who prosfi'ute the courts and
government for the purpose; but I expect no sympathy or liolp
from you, sir, or you would have been preaching against sucli
crimes and criminals, and if you have no concern as to my wel-

ted, and must

My Release.

425

fare in this world, certainly you have none as to the next ; there !
is Father B . . , who was my next neighbor, he knows me and my
trouble well, and the fight ; see what he says about it '? Mr.
B. ., was I to blame for anything I did as to my trouble or the
fight?*

"Yes ! you are to hlame for one thing, but for one thing only."

'Well? Whatisf//a/?'

"Because you did not kill the man before you did; for you
to let him follow you around the field— the way he did — and
wait to look into the muzzle of his gun before you defended
your life teas foolhardy ; that is all you are to blame for, for if
L. . had not struck the gun down the instant he did, you would
have been killed." [Two or three preachers in unison.]

" Of course, under such circumstances one is very justifi-
able to kill another."

But they should have sought out the truth before, and
seized upon every opportunity to proclaim it to the people, it
beiug a good but persecuted cause that would bear the scrutiny
of light; it should not have been allowed to be hidden while
even one victim was languishing for the right.

"Show that thou hast uot Uved in vain,
With life and genius cursed."

I recently said to a phrenologist that " if he would visit a
prison and examine the heads of the prisoners, he would find
theiu to be an avei-age lot of men mentally and morally." He
replied that " he had done so, und/ound this to hi true."

" I irrile not these things to cause you to hate mankind, but as my sons
to >riini yon.'" — St. Paul

"October 4th. — Recei.^ed a note and a bundle of papers from a Mrs.
Eov. M. . . . , saying that my children had once attended her school and Avere
ber friends, and she thus manifests tome a thoughtful and kindly feeling."

May she and all others, Avho have kindly remembered and
befriended me while in prison, kmur, that they are hold very
dear to me, and ever cherished in nn' mind and heart of hearts,
and that they did not do so in vain.

"Oh ! could the muso some lasting wreath ontAvine,
In stronger colors bid their virtues shine ! "

" Bleak are our shores with the blasts of December,

(. f

;i :!

426

Extracts from Diary Kept in Prison.

Fettered and chill is the rivulet's flow;

Throbbing and warm are the hearts that remember

Who was our friend, ichen the icorld was our foe."

Dr. HoLiMES.

"August 10th, 1887. — Released from prison; getting ten
days more than my full short time ' for uniformly good behavior.'"

"The hopes that round viy heart had clung, ere those I loved were gone.
Had vanished as the sparkling frost beneath the noon-tide sun
Melts from some branching tree, with its feathery gems of light,
And leaves it dark and di'solate, to tell of wititei-'s blight.

I feared the morn — I feared to seek my long, long-ieished-for home,
As with a sad foreboding dread of misery to come."

A severed and a sorrowing thing, I had come back alone,

One wandering bird unto the nest, from which a brood hadjiown."

" Oh, for a tongue to curse the slaves,

Whose treason, like a deadly blight,

Comes o'er the counsels of the brave

And blasts them in their hour of might !

May life's unblessed cup for them

Be drugg'd with treacheries to the brim.

With hopes that but allure to fly,

With joys that vanish, while they sip.

Like Dead-Sea fruits, that tempt the eye.

But turn to ashes on the lijjs !

Their country's curse, their children's shame.

Outcast of virtue, peace and fame.

May they, at last, with lips of flame

On the parch'd desert thirsting die.—

While lakes that shone in mockery nigh

Are fading oft, untouch'd, untasted.

Like the once glorious hopes they blasted!

And, when from earth their sjjirits fly.

Just God, let the damn'd ones dwell

Full iu the sight of Paradise,

Beholding heaven and feeling hell !" — Moore.

CHAPTER XX.

TiuGEDiES. — Land jumping, etc. — Experiences of other men. — More of
real life and death in the North-west. — Examples of what was traus-
2)iring Avith other i)eople while and since I was languishing in prison
for defending my life and home against the gang. — All of these

WEBE EITHER ACQUITTED OF ANY CRIME, OR NOT EVEN INDICTED OR

TROUBLED — THE GLARING CONTRAST! — " Uneasy settlci-s." — "A jn'O-
tective association." — "Land Jumping." — " Put-up jobs." — " Homes
impeiiled. " — " Shooting affair. " — " Vigilantes. "— " Murderous assault
by a band of midnight assassins." — "Highhanded." — "Lynching."
"Peoi^le arming." — "Dangerous man." — "Land troubles." — "A
tramp boom." — Killed for robbing sluice boxes. — Laying in wait to
kill. — Filled with shot. — Killing three men for a few dollars, etc. —
From the Press.

U NEASY Settlers. — Pursuant to a call, the citizens of the Western
part 01 Garfield County, W. T. , and some from Columbia County, met at
Dry Hollow school house for the purpose of organizing a jn'otective asso-
ciation. There was much interest taken in the matter. It was agreed
that the long contim^ ed manipulation through [Masonic] rings and the in-
fluence of money by corporated monoi>olies, to secure legislation for their
own special benefit and to the detriment of the people at large, had become
a power which threatened the destruction of the best interests of the
country, and that, unless substantial reform was instituted, absolute
■sevntude must be endured. The settlers show a determination to
stand firm to their cause [agaiust the gang to rob them of their
lioiuGs] , that they settled in good faith and had always tried to be law-
abiding citizens; that, so far as they knew, they were entitled to all the
rights of citizens; that the settlers i)ropose to I'emain settled. Temi)orary
otHcers were elected, the necessary committees were appointed to arrange
constitution and by-laws, and report the names of charter members. "

"Land JuMPiN(i. — A man jumped Mr. H. ..'s claim near Mayvicw
last week. He pitched his tent in the center of the waving grain and told
the owner, if he did not kick up a fuss, he might have his grain and the
giouiid on which the house stood. At last accounts the Jumjjer was
(lumped, tent and all, into the road by the indignant neighbors, and a
siH'oitic time given him, in which to make himself scarce. " [The couii.
giiug would have charged all the place was worth to settle it, and, if the
Jumper was a Mason or Odd Fellow, given him the place besides.]

' ' Considerable feeling is manifested by many of our farmers, who
have settled ui)on [/or/i^itcd] railroad land in this vicinity, regarding the
extremely high figure at which such lands are held and the short time given
to settlers by the company [that had forfeited it\ in which to make their

(427)

428

Eeal Life in the North-West.

i i

-5nl

J f

:i f

Hi':

''■

first payments. A number of petitions have been sent to WaMhington, and
several meetings have been held in Whitman and Colnmbia counties, to
de\-ise means for self-protection. Several solid farmers were overheard ou
the streets, expressing their views regarding "Jumpers" who intended to
tiike advantage of the scarcity of money, and jump such laud as the claim-
ant could not pay Up on, reaping the l)euefit of the claimant's yean of
hard lalxjr in improving the jilaees. From the expressive way iu which
their lii^s came together, and the gleam of fire which flashed from their
eyes, knowing them to be some of our most respectable and law-abiding
citizens, we came to the conclusion that it would be extremely unhealthy
for any land shark to make such an attempt. God help the man or men
who ti'y to rob them of their homes."

[Hoiv about blackleg Governors and the gang that stand k
with and endorse the robbers ?]

^'Mr. Editor. — I came into your midst to make my home for the re-
mainder of the few years Providence may have alloted to me, and settled
on a pre-emption claim. Shortly after one J. L. settled on railroad laiul ad-
joining and put his liouse only a few yards from my line, and took piiiti-
cular care to find out how I held the land, how long I had been ou the
land, and if I had auy family or relatives living in this country. After-
wards T. E. asked me, if I had hauled a quantity of wheat out of his barn.
Denying the same, he told me that a man in J. L.'s employ had told him
he had seen me yoiny in with a two-hoi-se wagon and coming out loaded

with wheat sacks If J. L. and Co. had succeeded, by such means,

to send me to States prison, J. L. would have moved his house over the
line and taken my pre-emption. Not succeeding in this, he abandoned
the land. Subsequently he told me, that he wanted my timber culture
claim, and that I could go into his pasture and select any two horses out of
his band for the same. Upon my refusing to make any such trade, he told
me that if he could not get the land from me by fair means, that he would
get it anyway, for it was necessary for him to have it. And, I beUeve, he
would have taken it, if he had not some respect for shooting irons

A few words altout Lynch law. — Congress has enacted laws by wliich
iudivaduals may get homes, provided they locate on aud cultivate the laud.
Shall Ave be bound to conform to aud respect those laws, or shall avo go at
the dark of night and take out a i>erson who has availed himself of the
law, and hang him up to a tree uutil life is extinct ?

[If you belong to a " charitable " (?) brotherhood, you may
with impunity hang him up.]

In charity to those fifteen men who, iu the dead hours of night, called
that man out, I will say, I hope by this time they have abandoned tlieir
unlawful intentions. F. E. L."

" Great indignation and uneasiness is everywhere manifest.
Settlers who feel that their homes are imperiled, are flocking to

that stand in

Real Life in the North- West.

429

town and discussing various means of protecting their rights,
and some swear, they will hang or shoot the first man or land
shark who tries to jump their lands."

[No home-builder has any confidence in the secret, ring-ridden
courts.]

" Shootiufj affair. — S. . . met H. . . and shot liim in tlie head, which so
paralyzed him that he could scarcely speak. The sktiU was broken in
fragments to the extent of over one inch square. Several fragments of
l)ouo and the bullet — in two pieces — were extracted ; jjersons injured to
that extent very rarely recover. [But he did.] H. . . had been waited
upou and ordered to leave the vicinity, because he simply desired to con-
test the lights of a piece of land."

[S. . . was acquitted (in Garfield County. ]

" Vigikoites. — Friday night about twenty masked men gathered on the
road leading towai-ds H. . .'a house ^ihe victim of the H. . . S. . . tragedy),
aud, meeting with the doctors in attendance upon the wounded man, gave
them a pajier for H. . . 's brother to sign. Said document was in effect,
that H. . . would leave the coiintry Avithin forty -eight hours, or suffer the
consequences. [He left. ] While the action is not to be excased, there is
a lessen which may well be taken home. It has become too common for
trials to be a travesty on justice and httle better than a farce, and it is
scarcely to be wondered at, that an indignant community should lose
patience and take the law into its own hands. It is to be hoped that the
affair will serve as a lesson to law-makers [the gang], so that they will so
frame statutes that there Avill be more promptness and .larety in punishing
laml grabbers." [Their brethren.]

" Should cf.ai^e. — We mean the unlawful acts of threatening n_en to
leave the community before they have been found guilty of crime, for
which they cannot be made to jiay the penalty according to law, on ac-
count of wincing the breaking of law by the constituted authorities

Let such matters go before the proper tribunal [the court gang] for settle-
ment [at their price of a big mortgage] . If the land in disimte Avas not
vacant according to law, H. . . could not hold it as against the claim of ii
bona fide settler."

[That would depend on his influence at court, and it might
take nine years and a big mortgage to fine? out. And the mid-
night " charitable " (?) gangs are running men (who are object-
ionable to them), out of the country nearly every day, and do
so with impunity !]

"Trouble is being experienced between mill owners and settlera along
M. G. aud Y. creeks. The millers placed two armed men at the forks

with instinictions to allow no one to interfere with the flow of the Avater. "

* *

" M. . . is figuring in the courts as a much abused and injured man.

<'<i

li\<i

fi! ifl

s y

430

Real Life in the North- West.

He claims that last Sunday night, between the hours of one and two,
twelve or fifteen armed and masked men appeared at his residence ami
l)laced a rope around his son's neck and dragged him oiit doors, chnlduf
him considerably. M. . . and his Avife were sleeping on their pre-emptiou
claim, about 300 yards distant, and Mrs. M. . . , alarmed at the cries of her
boy, hastened to the house. Upon arriving there, she was seized uuil
thrown down, dragged around, etc. , as Avas her husband also, as soon us
he arrived uj^on the scene.

M. . . claims that the outrage was perpetrated by a neighbor, whose
land he jumped, aided by friends.

There are many who doubt the entii-e storj' ; and the wounds are suili
as might have been caused by a little friendly discussion " wid fists," all
among themselves."

[It transpired that the chief of the mob was a Mason and
that it was intended to kill M. . . (who was unknown to the
chief as a brother in his gang), but o)i the verge of his death he
(M, . . ) made his relation known with a sign to the Grand
Worthy Chief, who forthwith gave orders to quit, and they did.
M. . . got the land also. It being just so in the courts, too.

The following is how the Masonic press howled, when they
found it was a brother.]

"Murderous Assault.— Last Sunday morning at about one
o'clock, a band of midnight assassins assaulted the J. M . .
family in this [Garfield] county. We will not give the names
of the parties this week, as they are not all caught yet. They
knocked Mrs. M . down and bruised her, choked the old man and
hit him a blow with the butt of a gun. The bloody parties also
stole a gun and pistol from the house. The assassins were
partly disguised when they did their bloody deed. Mr. M . . 's
sons were also assaulted about the same time and place as that
made on their father and mother. Whoever would be guilty of
such work is meaner than a highwayman. There is law
in this country for such men as M . . if any have a grievance
against him and his family. [Yes, indeed, there is law/o>' such
men, but none that will work against them.] We hope the
parties will get the full extent of the law in this case. The
proof is too overwhelming to fight the case in any court with
hope of success."

[When outsiders were the victims then the ring press only
" hoped that the affair [?] would serve as a lesson to law-
makers," and no attempts were made to arrest the mob.

':f\

leiglibor, whose

Real Life in the North-West.

431

Therefore, this mob demanded the same immunity as ac-
corded to the other brethren, as follows :]

"High Handkd. — Wo have liearil from good anthority that some of
tbo parties who were eugagcil in the M. . attack joineil with others, hekla
meeting ami passed resolutions of condemnation upon several jiersons who
were oiiicially engaged in the proseciition. That there were some forty
persons present, and that one county officer was voted to be 2)ut ont of the
way by a vote of 34 to 6, and that eacli one of the band Avas sworn to
secrecy."

"The excitement consequent upon the commiting of theM.. crime
having mostly subsided, the peoj)le of this community were again startled
by the report that jilans were being made for the assassination of Justice
0. . and the princiiml witnesses for the 2)i'()secution. "

"Those [masonic] fellows who hold secret meetings and take votes to
put O . . , F . . , H . . and S . . to death, had better cease such work ; they
are too cowardly to execute their plans iinless they have greatly the advan-
tage. If an attempt should be made to injure either of these 2>irties
threatened, there would be a general uiu\..ing, and blot the whole lot out
of existence at once. There is a move on foot to set fire to the house in
which they meet and shoot every one dead that might make an attemi^t to
leap from the flames, which would only inflict a modicum of the pain that
awaits them in the flames in the regions of those whose deeds consign them
to the hissing flames of eternal i^erdition in the fiery regions of the
damned."

[Just so, as far as it goes ; but why howl against, burn and
shoot down the little loose side show-sprig of the devil, while
the old-midnight-lurking, intriguing devil himself, with his
army of Danites, arrayed for mutual slaughter and havoc and
cruelty, are secure.

" With pride in their port, defiance in their oyo,

We see the secret lurking lords of human kind pass by."

Though the court machinery is worked in " mystery," it
appeared that this sprig of its father made its relationship felt
so effectively that the trials (?) were a notorious farce at the ex-
panse of the people and profit to the gang, enlarged by secret fines
of some of the accused.]

" Dorit do it. — We heard strong hints of lynching Mr. J. B . .
for the manner he is conducting himself as an employee of the
railroad company in the sale of lieu lands.''

" There seems to be an epidemic wave of madness moving
over the country. Murder and theft, with other crimes and
vices, are walking abroad at noonday. All this boldness in

'I i

432

Real Life in the North- Weht.

crime grows out of the loose mauuer in whicli the penalties of
law are ministered by our courts, [and the endorsing of the
blackest crime by blackleg Governors]. We beseech the courts
and officers of this district to do their duty, regardless of who
the violators of law may be that shall suiFer the just penalty uf
their crimes."

" It has come to a pretjty pass that the honest men of tlie
country have to arm themselves against the big, ugly, meuu,
sneaking thieves [of the gang] that are found here and there,''
[because the courts and Governors are their friends, dead or
alive].

' ' It lias gone abroad that Garfield county has the most criminals of
any county in the Territory. The crime calendar shows this to be the
case."

[But the convictions did not show it, as the gang toas in con-
trol, and declared good evil, and evil good.]

" A just rebuke. — I have noticed an article in the Journal enMi\ei\. "A
dangerous man to have around," directed at me. As I am to be tried ou u
serious charge, and as I believe the article directed at me was written with
malicious intent, I hope you will allow me space to contradict the state-
ments made." [As a general thing, in the northwest a victim of the gaug
cannoi f/el a heariufj in the press, which is generally collared and liuked
together to howl at and strike those that cannot strike back, and are suf-
fering in the darkness of pain and sorrow.] . ..." I have no objections to
being examined as to my lunacy, jjrovided the Journal editor is i)ut through
the same ordeal, the insane man to be committed to the asyhim, and the
other to be given his freedom. County jail, F. L. ."

"Mr. L. . has certainly cause to complain at having his case tried iu
a newsjjaper [not so, if he is given an equal show to be heard, and Avhich
should be compelled by law. ] No true and honorable journalist wiU attempt
to create unfavorable ojiinion against a priso'^er previous even to a pii.-
liminary examination." [But this is the general rule as against aw out-
skier]. "The reason for such a course is that L. .'s incarceration iu the
asylum or penitentiary, or execution, Avould end a long protracted attempt
at steahug an honest settler's home."

" It is said that there is a determination among certain jiersons to Jo
L. . great bodily harm should he be released on bail, or acquitted."

"After driving L. . crazy by attempting to jump hifi "anch, the land
sharks are now trying to prejudice public opinion against him in their
malicious sheet."

"It appears that L.. claims some land which the gang wish to get
hold of, hence their anxiety to hang him or send him to the lunatic
asylum."

3 penalties of
orsiug of the
sell the courts
rclless of -who
list penalty uf

at men of the
g, ugly, mean,
re and tlieve,''
lends, dead or

iiost criminals of
vs ibis to 1)0 tlif

gang

toas m cM-

)nrn(d entiiled "A
,m to be trioil on a
e was written witli
atrailict tlie state-
fietim of the gaug
(Uareil and liukeil
back, and are suf-

no objections to
iitorisputtbroitgb

asylnni, and tbc

L bis case tried iu
beard, and which
rnalist will attempt
ms even to a pr^-
las against (vi wit-
Icarceration in tlie
Protracted attempt

tain persons to tlo
acquitted."
Liu -ancb, tbe land
Unst bim in their

gang wisb to get
lim to tbe lunatic

Real Life in the North-West.

433

"Lund Trouble. — Mrs. M. . swore to a complaint charging W., H., E.,
M. and R. with an assault witb deadly weapons. It seems that tbe M . . s
have located on some laud over wbicb there is a disiJUte before the land
otKce. Tbe R . . s have been endeavoring to get control of this laud, and
last evening rejiaired to M . . 's bouse accompanied by two or three others,
aud attemi^ted to remove some fence posts, when a son of M . . 's, aged
about sixteen, ordered them to sto}). Upon this one of the R. s pulled a
pistol, and presented it to the bead of the boy. His mother now appeared
and grabbed R . . by the whiskers to stop bim from shooting, whei' the
other brother drew his justol aud presented it to tbe woman's bead."

"Rev. W. . jumped a land claim some time since, and started a man
to work i)lowiug it up, but the neighbors congregated one night this week,
t'eufcd the claim for the original claimant and placed the jumper's ]dow
outside the fence."

"The jury found K. . guilty of murder in tbe first degree. Hanging
is too easy a death for a fellow who would kill a man for bis homestead."
[Yet when he is linked to the gang, tbe courts and Governors endorse his
couduct aud stab the homesteader.]

" The W. T. Press keeps the following notice printed in
big, black letters at the head of its local column : ' Owing to
the presence of burglars in our midst, our citizens are warned
to have their firearms ready to give these midnight marauders
a warm reception when they come around.' [But why not in-
clude other secret midnight thieA'es, the more rejined and expert
nhlicrs. ' Whether they had emerged from the mire of iudi-
geuce, or crept from the bed of debauchery.'

" You take my bouse when you take tbe prop that doth sustain my
ho'ase ; you take my Ufe when you take the lueans whereby I bve."j

"A Tram}} Boom." — [The refined and expert gentry had
beau " booming the country " to renew their flock of immigrants
from the States, to fleece, and this is the kind of a go-by the
victims get when shorn.] "

"Eastern Washington is having a tramp boom, and it requires, in
houses along tbe main roads, at least one person to attend to the calls of
trami)s, and an extra baldng of bread, etc., to furnish these vagabonds
' something to eat. ' They should be remorselessly shut oft", one aud all,
and serve all alike, adding the presentation of a shot-gun toemjihasizo tbe
order to * git,' and give them five minutes to travel beyond your farm."

[Provided they cannot give a pagan mystic sign, that is known to you.
28

434

Real Life in the Nokth-West.

The editor of the foregoing belongs to a " mystic " charitable (?) order, and
therein iu the measui'ti of his charity !]

"The hme quarries there have mostly been covered by settlers under
the homestead, pre-emption and other land laws, and have been Avorked
for years. Recently several of the quames have been jumped by those
who claim a right to acquire them under the mineral laws. Of com-.se,
this has caused bitter feeling among the original holders, who have biuulud
themselves together for forcible resistance against any attempt to oust
them. They openly threaten to shoot the first man who attempts to take
possession of any quaiTy, and j^thlic sentiment will sustain them, should (hey
thus take the law into their own hands."

[And so would the courts and Governors, if the Jumper
was an outsider. But even if the Jumper had no shadow of
any legal or just claim, and was shooting his way through, to
rob and ravage, and was tints Icillcd by one outside of the (jamj,
and you, sir, discovered in the rank, festered remains a pagan
" mystic " brother, oh, how you Avould intrigue and transform
and howl the killing through the land and courts, with curses
loud and deep — "J holy horror', cold-blooded murder, ie. rible as
hell!"]

1 :i

' -

1.,

•s

'i;\

Jji

■;■■ i

IfU

[When one of the gang commits an unprovoked, cold-blood-
ed murder, it comes out about like this, as per example :]

" G. i. . ., Esq., came in on Tuesday's train. The trial for the shoot-
ing of C. . . oy Mr. I. . . resulted in his being acquitted by the Jury. We
understand ohat the Jiiry stood eleven for acquittal and one for con\-ictiou.

It ai^pearsd from the eddence that C. . . was " a bad man from Bodie'
and had threatened to kill I. . . We are glad to see Mr. I. . . in onr city, a
free man in person, and his reputation cleai-ed." [He belonged to the
court Masonic gang.]

The Masonic Press came out
verdict gives general satisfac*
dignation of the citizens, anc
was held and the following rest^^i

'n fi extra, stating that " the
IOC. " This aroused the iu-
ichout delay mass meeting
tions issed : "

" Rcaolved, that in the opinion of this aieeting, the shooting of our
late fellow-citizen C. . . was unjustifiable.

Resolved, that the statement made in the [Masonic] press, th.it tlie
verdict rendered in the case versus I... andT. .., 'that the same gave

Real Life in the North- West.

435

(?) ortler, aud

settlers under
) been worked
uped by tliDse
s. Of coursi',
lO have baudL'd
ttempt to oust
tempts to tiiko
167/1, should Ihfy

I the Jumper
Qo shadow of
y through, to
de of the (jmuj,
lains a paf^an
mcl tiansiorm
3, with curses
•der, tc. nhk as

fd, cold-blood-
pimple :.]

|al for the slioot-

tlie Jury. We

le for convictiou.

lan from Bodie"

in onr city, a

[belonged to the

general satisfaction' to this community, is untrue in fact and a libel upon
the law-abiding citizens.

Resolved, that t}'e indecent manifestations of those [midnight gentry],
who ht\d been turned loose by a [packed] Jury, biit not aafiittetf, in hold-
iug a saturnalia over their victim's dead body, and crowning their crime in
uulimited champagne, corits the direst condemnation of all law-abidiug
citizens.

Resolved, that we pledge our hves, our fortunes and our sacred honor,
to stand by each other in every honest endeavor to enforce the laws of our
country, and to this end we ^\•ill retain our organization and perfect the
saiuo from this day on iintil the criminal classes of this county are i)uuish-
ed to the extent of the law.

On motion a committee of twenty-five, to be known as a ' Committee
of Public Safety,' was selected by t'>e President, and notice of theii- ap-
pointment will be given them by the Secretary."

[And then innocent outsiders are made dire " examples "
of, without recourse, " because the people clamor ! " Avhile
the real criminals of the gang, through mystic intrigue, are not
even indicted !

Any one who asserts that " we have a good judiciary," is a
liar and a thief.]

" If anything further were needed to bring contempt upon
the judicial system, it is afforded in the recent acquittal after a
dastardly assassination."

"A deliberate and cold-blooded murder, and a jury hao
[been packed to] pronounce him not guilty. Better abolish the
system [of control by the gang], and let every man defend
himself."

" was acquitted, which shows that the court is a place

wlierein injustice is done."

[ing that " the
roused the iu-
1 mass meeting

shooting of onr

press, that tUe
the same gave

"The only safeguard our citizens have against burglars is, to dig up
tlie old smooth-bore, load her with powder and shot, and lay for Mr.

burglar."

[But when you recognize in the remains of IMr. burglar a
Ihiked brother, you declare what a " horrible, frightful thing it is
to talie human life ! " Howl bloody murder ! Endorse the rob-

Eeal Life in the North-West.

ber ; declare the courts to be a place of justice ; and then com-
plete the robber's job against " our citizen," — picnicing in the
spoils and trucking his heart's blood !]

" "We learn that one 0. . . 'a house was blown up with powder ono day
last week. It seems that C . . has jumped a widow woman's farm, and
was ordered by some of the settlers to leave, which he refused to do."

[To settle such a case in the courts would take many years.
(It is a familiar and sadly true expression with those having
ring influence at court: " If he follows me in the courts, it will
break him up.") And the court gang would charge the widow
from one to $20,000, or more, as she was able and inclined to
" follow him up." And then, if the Jumper belongs to the
gang, he would get the place, right or wrong.

So, ivhy should not the courts be either reformed from the
mystic gang, or else abolished ?]

. . . . " The war of words brought forth a shooting iron in the hands of
Mr. T . . who fired at B . . , meaning business; and had not Mr. S . . grasped
the barrel, the ball would, no doubt, have pierced B. . . 's heart. Here
ended the first chapter." [And he was not even indicted.]

*' While leaning on the bar, Avith his back to the door, Mr. B. . enter-
ed with a pick-handle and immediately dealt S. . . a terrific blow ou tlie
back of the head. S. . staggered and turned towards him, remarking "you
have Idlled me. " B.. immediately dealt him another blow on the fore-
head, when S. . . fell unconscious to the floor and was removed to auotlier
room. When B. . . heard that S. . . was not dead, he tried to get into tlie
room to shoot him. "

[Nor was he (being a mason) even indicted.

Why 'jhould the secret ring brethren be allowed to bold
office in the Government " of the people, for the people," .and
thus make it a horrible farce and swindle ?]

"A week 030 a watchman detected two men robbing the sluice box of
the m' .e. He fired several shots at them. The other day the decomposed
body of a man was found near the mine. The hands and feet were eateu
off by some animal."

[No sympathy is expressed or acted for the simple robber,
and nobody is arrested or condemned for the act. But I kuow

r^T^ 'i

Real Life in the North- West.

437

a reputed (and I never heard the charge denied) sluice-box-
robber, who had more influence with the Governor for evil, than
any whole commuuity of citizens had for good, he being a linked
brother. And should any of his plundered and tortured victims
shoot him doAvn for far greater and cruel crime than robbing
sluice-boxes, his Excellency (?) would call out the militia and
there would be big rewards, but what the murderer (r*) would
suffer once again. And wouldn t the ring press howl, when not
engaged in "laying in loail for Mr. burglar."]

" A burglar entered tha house of TV. . . last night about 10 o'clock and
commenced to search the house, -when W. . . came home and scared him
oif. W. . . saw the burglar leap the fence; and, suspecting that something
was wrong, pulled out his revolver and fired four shots at the burglar's re-
treating fonn. A careful search revealed that nothing had been taken."

[To kill au outsider, even on suspicion of stealing, in the
(lark, is held to be no crime ; but the more refined and expert
huked midnight conspirator and thief must be protected against
their ^nctims by the State. Is this equal, just and fair ?]

"Mrs. G. . . called her husband's attention to the fact, that a bin-glar
was around, and was requested to ' listen. ' [As though he could not see
plenty of more dangerous ones in the day time.] But refusing to 'do
anything of the sort,' siie arose, and the burglar, noc wishing an interview
with her, took his leave. It is to be hoped that thi i burglar may soon run
across some one who does not sleep like a log, and who keeps a loaded
shotgun by his bedside."

[But why don't you advocate tho killing of shyster, court
and other more expert and fatal burglars, and give their victims
as much space for a hearing as you devote to the killing of
petty, humble thieves ?]

^^ Filled with shot. — A boy, named A. .., and three companions were
discovered by Mr. S. . . at four o'clock this afternoon in the act of stealing
cliickeus from his premises. Mr. S. . fired on them ^vith a shotgun, the
cluu'ge lodging in the light arm and back of A. . . All of the boys were
caught and placed in jail."

[But the refined and expert confidence thief who should
steal the whole ranch, chickens and all, would be a "prosper-
ous business attorney," with a mystic handle to his name ; and
it would be murder (?) to kill him for his crime.]

f*|i

f ' T

438

Beai, Life in the North-West.

As to the shooting of a man by his employee, a ring editor
says :

" While, as a mle, we do not justify the use of fire-arms in the settle-
ment of giievances, yet, the man who would not defend his wife's honor, is
not the kind of a man we emi^loy in any ca])acity."

[Yet, they hang, or reduce to poverty, outsiders who do so
against your pagan brethren, and you call it murder !]

' ' He was awakened by the noise the thief made, and got up and went
after him ■with a shotgun. The thief was too qiiick, hov.'ever, and made
his exit just as the hoy entered the room. Young G. . . then rushed out at
the door in hopes of getting/ a shot. The Uttle fellow displayed a good deal
of pluck for one so young. The tliief got nothing Avhatever."

i ■

' ' A man, named R. . . , having some money on his person, was attack-
ed by four men. A son of 11. . . 's came to his father's assistance, and \vitb
a ijistol, shot and killed two of the men, and fatally wounded a third. 'Ik
was a dutiful son.' "

[And all to save a few dollars ! And then howl " wnat a
horrible thing it is, to take human life." >vhen the robbers are
your pagan brethren.]

CHAPTER XXI.

Land troubles, etc., continued. — " The Riparian fight." — On Puget Sound.
— Shooting for the tide lands. — A woman defending her claim. — Dyna-
mite. — Vigilantes liy the thousand. — Big money for the Court gang. —
Lawyers instigating a fight. — Land jumping. — Coroner's iuquost.s. —
"Defective" laud titles. — A trick of the Court gang. — •'! tell you
again to stop i)loM'ing — crack ! hawj?^'' — 'VNliy Go vemment lauds are
classified when they are all good for homes if good for anything. —
The Com't " bar " [gang] organizes trouble. — "Be ready." — "Para-
sites." — "Citizens arming." — W7/o (/ets uLndi/ jier cent, of all plunder?

— How TO BEAD NEW.SP.\PEBS "BETWEEN THE LINES."

1 HE ijeoi^le who attempted to jump the San Juan lime quanies have
found it unhealthy business and have abandoned their jjlau."

" Tlie Riparian Fit/kt. — This paper gave a full account of the land
jum])ing, or rather water-front grabbing in the south end of the city [on
Pugtt Sound]. 'At about 2:;}0 yesterday morning the agents of the com-
puuy liere obtained the tugs Cehlo and Edna, and going up to the debat-
ahlo laud began snaking the iiiles up. The parties who had the piling
iloiu' appeared on the scene, boarded a pile-driver, aud Mr. B . . took a
Wiiu-liester rei)eating ritie aud began shooting at the company's rei)re-
seutatives. Some of the bullets struck the boat, aud one went through
the Cclilo's cabin, and cut eight holes through the engineer's coat, which
was luiuging on the wall. Mr. M . . narrowly escajjed being shot as he
was standing on the bow holding a lantc^rn for the lines to be made fast to
thu piles to pull them out. There were some ttm or fifteen shots fired.
What the ultimate result -will be cannot be predicted." [Thus they " de-
bated.'"]

"The crew of a pile-driver was held at bay to-day by a woman with a
sk-sliooter. Her husband has built a cabin on his claim, and his wife
guards the place in the daytime wliile ho goes off to work. A pile-driver
Wdi'kiui^- for another claimant came to the enclosure aud l)egan tearing
ilowii tlie piles and stringers, when the woman drew a revolver and drove
thorn from the scene. Many other similar cases ai-e liable to be developed
iu the near future on the Sound."

"The new residence of Mr. S. , president of W. . colony, was blown
to atoms with dynamite. The building was valued at 82,()()0. This resiUt

(43UJ

V. <i

■ ;*rV

|< ■ > !

440

Land Teoubles.

is supposed to be the outcome of a quarrel between other settlers ami the
colony." [The owner of the house, if an oiitsider, might be thankful that
his enemies used dynamite instead of the court gang. ]

" The settlers iu Harney Valley have organized a vigilance
committee to protect themselves from land jumpers. Around
here those who encourage such rascals are rewarded w'.tli
office, [made Governors by the gang] and our settlers have
themselves only to thank for it." [By not treating them as
other burglars are treated.]

" A gentleman from Harney Valley informs us that there is
now an organized body of vigilantes in that section, and that
they propose to make it very lively for unlawful land jumpers,
horse thieves, and [secret ring men] in general. He further
informed us that he was a member of the association, and that
he joined it because it was a public necessity to protect tho
poor man and his family from being robbed and driven from
the land to which he is justly entitled." [By the ring Govern-
or's " goorl judiciary."]

" While P . . was moving a section of fence made by 11 . ,
the latter armed himself with a gun, and shot P . . dead, the
ball taking effect in the left breast, and passing through tlie
heart." [Which means big money in the pockets of the gang.]

" Last Sabbath, W . . shot and killed G . . while the latter
was attempting to go through a field belonging to W . . . Both
parties owned ranches, and had taken legal advice. W . . 's law-
yer told him that he had a right to fence up the road ; and G . . 's
lawyer told him that he had a right to cut the wires and go
through and over W. .'s land; and when they met, only a few
words passed when W . . fired a revolver at G . . , but missed
him ; then G . fired at W . . hitting him on his arm ; then W . .
fired again, hitting G . . in the forehead, killing him instantly.
They were both, steady, industrious and respectable men."
[Which means more plunder for the gang, the two lawyer-
"members-of-the-bar," being secret partners. Are burglars any
worse?]

" The difficulty occurred over a piece of land, when a lifj;ht
ensued in which A . . stabbed one of the F . . 's severely. The
one who was stabbed was not able to travel, nor in conditiou to
be moved." [Another picnic for the court gang.]

I '

Vigilantes.

441

"The jumping of land is the cause of considerable trouble
[and plunder to the gang]. A man named C . . was killed by
three men whom he endeavored to dispossess. The coroner's
jury returned a verdict of justifiable homicide in the killing of

" M . . has been frightfullj' beaten while attempting to locate
a ranch, by parties hired by a [masonic] ring of land-grabbers
for the purpose of keeping settlers from locating on public
lauds adjacent to their ranges. Serious trouble is anticipated
there in this connection."

"At the place of the shootiug li'3 found the body of the slain man
Iving on the ground and his rifle l)y his side. He had been shot in the
ueek and heart. D . . and the H . . 's have been on ill terms for a long time,
based on the ownership of a quarter section of land, \ipon ■which the H. .'s
settled years ago. The pai^ers being * def(>ctive. ' [A very common trick by
the court gang, and they call them ' errors !] " D. . jumped the land, and
after a great deal of litigation his claim was confirmed by the court. Of
course, there was a gi'eat deal of bad blood between D . . and the H . . 's
growing out of these proceedings.

D. . said, "I tell you again to stop plowing," and raised his gun as if
to i)nt it to his shoulder, when H . . at once threw up his gun and fired
with filial effect. This is regarded as the first of many similar affairs that
zuay occur on the same ranch."

[Such is the curse of prostituted courts and their mystic
"bar." Are they less dangerous and fatal than the less refined
and expert burglar? then whij not "lay in wait" for them also?

How many unhappy families are grieving in secret to-day
at this lurking, exj^ert tyranny that oppresses them, and the
coiiiiilicated and long protracted ruin that it has brought upon
them ?]

"E.. offered to tile on a quarter section of C.'s lantl C. bought
froiii tlie State as swamp and overflowed land, but the State never had a
patiut from the Government. E. . erected a cabin on the land, and last
niglit about fifteen men came there, and circling about the building, cnni-
uifuced a fusilade with rifles. E . . came out, and standing in the open
fieUl, kejit up his end of the firing, aided by two or three friends. More
tioulile is feared, as there ai'e many cases of similar disputed tracts. "

[This classification of Government land {at all) was always
land intended so to be by the gang) a mysterious swindle to Jtaio
hinil Hflc.s and thus make business that ivould not he called biirg-

U
•4

11^

!" .;

442

Land Troubles.

* I!

:'k i|

lary to he shot at for the court ganga, and to allow their pagan
members to steal large tracts in the way of business. Govern-
ment lands should not be classified at all, as it is all good for
homes, or it will be in time, if it is good for anything.]

D . . wth two|other men went to the house on the i^lace, presumably to
drive A . . away and take possension. A . . told him to go away ; J). . re-
fused ; whereupon A . . took his Winchester and stood in the door and shot
D.. dead." [More wliiskey for the gang. ]

" The appeal to lawful authority in cases [against the gang]
has been in vain, and the pistol is therefore resorted to. One
man has been able to disperse an entire meeting of the gang,
to rout a newspaper oflSce, and to get clear as yet with a simple
fine of $50 for contempt of court." [What coidd be more con-
temptible than a prostituted court itself?]

"A i^resent feature of mining in this great mineral belt is the occur-
rence of law suits. The T . . mine has been in litigation the greater part
of the year, and a great many others have also been troubled in the same
way. The trouble has been organized by n horde [Lodye] of pestifrrom
\^masomc\ huoyers ["the bar."] whom it were well for the country to be
lid of. The troubles at W . . have lately culminated in the kilUng of one
man and the severe wounding of another, which may be construed as a
lesson to jumpers and their legal [hnkedj abettors."

" Be Ready. — We mean for our citizens to keep their fire-
arms at hand to shoot the [mystic ring] thieves, now spying out
the land, [and secretly organizing with the courts and Governor,
trouble and ruin to the people, wherein they live and lie] on
the first attempt of them to rob."

"Parasites. — What we say in another place about the
[more refined and expert masonic] light-fingered gentry spying
out this land, is to arouse our people to a sense of the danger
there is in their being allowed to remain among us. We kuoA\*
we will incur their displeasure, but it is our duty to warn the
people of danger from such venomous parasites of human
society. This class of men are liable to burn us out [or drag
us into the prostituted courts] for purposes of plunder and
spite against the people who refuse to be robbed. Remember
these " prof essionals " [these refined, expert, "charitable" (?)
thieves] rope in the unwary of town and country [prostitute
the courts] and rob them. The matter is one into which every

lelt is the occur-
the greater part
.bled in the siime
'gti\ of j)ef;^//efo'(N
the country to be
ihe killing of one
e construed as a

eep their fire-
DW spying out
and Goveruor,
Lve and lie] on

Vigilantes.

443

honest man should look with alarming interest. As you re-
gard your happiness and prosperity, arouse yourselves to vigil-
ance, and see that our town is not infested with the characters
named. We know some of the citizens are already arming
themselves, and have even gone so far as to discuss the sight
for a gallows from which to dangle these men. [The wreck of]
our home is here, and we would be a cowardly accomplice not
to raise the alarm in this perilous hour. The interest of our
town [and country] must be protected by ridding ourselves of a
dangerous class. Act at once, and iwiv."

[For over ninety per cent, of all the property that has ever
been stolen, and of homes that have been plundered and
wrecked and ruined in the northwest, has been done — not by
the plain, humble burglars, for whom we "lay in wait " to shoot
down — but the more refined and haughty, expert, linked and
mysterious masons, that flaw the laws and prostitute the
courts and Governors. Over ninety ! (90) per cent !J

" He jests at scars that never felt a wound."

"Fell sorrow's tooth doth never rankle more,
Than when it bites but lanceth not the sore."

; 1 ,■■ ,

'-I

I M

■llti

i^.^mi

CHAPTER XXII.

Sample tragedy cases in the North-west, in brief, cmicluded — What mem-
bers of the gang can do to others with impunity. — Victims that wore
Hot venerated or sanctified by the gang. — About land. — "ShotLim
dead." — Stabbed him to the heart. — Stabbed him in the head.— Shot
down in cold blood. — The court burnt in effigy and why. — "A
dark scheme." — "This is not the first time I have had to face load to
protect my rights." — "Served the fiend right." — Shooting a man
down in cold blood for a few dollars. — Killing a man for alleged tlircats
to burn his house. — "The hero of the hour," etc., etc. — From the
press, and how to read it ^'between the lines."

\J .... killed M. . . over a land claim. O. . . seen M. . . coming towards
him with a gun, when he shot him dead."

" T. . . and S. . . had some trouble in a saloon, when T. . . went out,
armed himself with a big knife, returned and stabbed S. . . to the heart."

" Capt. B. . . shot W. . . down in cold blood. The people burnt tbo
court in efligy for turning him loose."

" E. . . killed T. . . by stabbing him in the head. T. . . having stniek
him with his fist. "

" D. . . drew his pistol and commanded H. . . to leave the yard. H. . .
(who was unarmed and drunk) continued to advance, and D. . . fired,
shooting him through the body, and he died. D. . . will go free."

' ' McO . . shot B . . ' TJiere was a dark scheme on foot to get B. . . out of
the way.'"

"S. . . killed D. . . who was threatening to assault him or drive him
out of toAvn; shot him twice, though D. . . was unarmed."

"D. . . shot and killed L. . . The justice told him 'to shoot,' and he
did shoot. The Jiidge discharged him on the ground that ' fie had been
threatened, and, therefore, acted in self -defence.' "

"M. . . shot (hitting him three times) and killed F. . . Both parties
met. M. . . said he was ready, both fired at once. M. . . said, ' this is not
the first time I have had to face lead, to protect my rights.' "

"F. . . shot and killed McD. . ., while attempting to crawl through a
window into his (F. . . 's) house. The verdict here is that it served the
fiend right."

" P. . . shot and killed W. . . who was following P. . . with a shotgun."

(4U)

Heroes of the Houii.

445

I \ .i:

'*'?;

oming towards

lith a shotgun.

"G. . . concealed himself with a shotgun behind the door of a black-
smith shop and shot P. . . dead across the street."

"A man under the influence of opium became enraged at Mrs. F. . .
and daughters, and chased them through the house with a knife. A
gentleman came to their rescue and shot the man."

"H. . . called K. . . over the fence and shot him five times."

" P. . . stabbed B. . . to deatb over a mining claim."

" L. . . shot and killed D. . . for raising a singletree against him."

"A one-legged man (S. . .), having been thus crippled while in rail-
road emijloy, being broke, was put off a train; and, as he was leaving, was
shot and killed by a train man. Without wariiing, or cause of provocation,
pnlkd out a pistol and deliberately shot the retreating tramps."

" P. . . shot and killed C. . . who was unarmed and retreating."

"H. . . went to M. . .'s house Avith a shotgun to settle their difficulties,
wlu'u M. • . wrenched the gun from him and clubbed him to death with it.
The verdict [of acquittal] meets with general approbation. "

" A. . . shot P. . . so he died, because A. . 's wife told him that P. . had
abused her in dunning her for a debt."

"S. . . shot and killed C. . . over money matters."

' ' A most heinous, dastardly and cowardly murder has been committed
by a number of thieving ['mysterious'] vagabonds, and better known as
[Masons] stranglers. S. . . , my brother, while iinder the pretended pro-
tection of the [hnked] constable and an assistant of his own choosing [an-
other] , conducting Lim, undt>r the order of the said stranglers, to town,
so that he could leave the country, in obedience to their orders, was, by a
baud of those [my.stic] cut-throats, fired upon and cruelly murdered by
them. And, not being satisfied with their dirty, cowardly work, after he
^^a8 lying upon the gl'ouiul, his face downward, and, no doubt, dead, a.s
he already had received at tLoir hands six mortal wounds, some one of the
heartless [Masons], more steei ed in crime than the rest, (if such a thing
were possible), placed a gun to the back of his head and shot him through,
the ball passing through the head and earning his whiskers into the
ground. Then they departed and left the corjjse from that time till ton
o'clock the next day, to be rooted around by hogs, or a prey for coyotes or
carion birds. [Such is their ' c/iar«7j/. '] No elf oit was made, or has been
made, to ascertain who committed this diabolical murder. Of course, the
officora who had him in charge could not distinguish the murderers, though
uo masks were worn. No efforts were made by the [Masonic] officers to
save my brother. It is supposed that the murderers are well-known, but
no one has the temerity to 'blow' as yet, for fear their fate may be the
same as S. . . 's. Nearly all good people unite in denouncing this murder

■r-'

Ihlii s

446

Heroes of the Hour.

as a most wanton, cruel, uncalled-for, dastardly, m»an, contemptibk-,
cowardly and damnable murder, that would cause the olush of shame to
cover the brow of the most wanton savage. And v hen these [liuked
MasonsJ are called upon to give their final account, if there is one place
more dreadful than another in the abode of the damned, it will certiiiuly
be assigned to them, and they will be doubly damned for countless ages
of eternity. L. S. . . "

"W. .. took a shotgun and, Sunday, followed a man up who hail
stolen his horse and, though unarmed, shot him down, and he expired in
about an hour in great agony."

" Y. . . took Sherrifif B. . .'s pistol from its holster and robbed him
of a few dollars in a saloon. B. . . then got another pistol of the bar-
tender, followed Y. . . and opened fire, shooting him down." [Thus
shooting a man down in cold blood for a few doUars.]

" B. . . was discharged for killing a man on the ground that he had
threatened to burn his house."

"A Grand Juror gave R. . . to understand that he could get no re-
dress at the hands of the court, and, therefore, advised him to take
the law in his own hands. So he went forthwith and shot the tren-
passer dead in his own house. He is the hero of the hour, and the
whole community think the shooting was justifiable."

und that he had

CHAPTER XXIII.

The Courts and laws op Washington and Alaska, cmulensed from the
Press irilh e.epltiiKitiotis, etc. — Women as jurors, etc. — "The infamous
decision," etc. — "Complaints of court." — "A novel ruling," etc.

1 HE time has come when no one feels ' ifo from the attack of the
assiiHsiu, and the freciueut inquiry is, what guud man \vill be next to yield
up liis life for the rea.son that he possesses a httle property, or has in-
curred the displeasure of some [masonic] wretch who has no fear of the
law. Scarcely a man dares to leave his own door without tirearms in his
possession, and women and children are in constant teiTor lest the mur-
derur may select them for his next victim.

The graveyards are lilUng up, and horrible crimes are forgotten almost
M soon as committed. A person who willfully murders another for gain
is entitled to no symjiathy, and deserves to be treated more like a wild
beast than a human being."

How IT 13 DONE. — " Be it remembered that the battle is generally won
or lost when the twelfth juror is sworn." These words are remarkable in
that they are so fearfully true ; remarkable, too, that they should be
spokcu by an attorney at such a time. It is equivalent to saying that
jurors do not decide according to laAV and evidence. It is coming to be a
reeoguized fact that the man who summons the jury has more to 'n in the
decision of a cause than any other one connected with it. Let all who fail
to L'oiuprehend a verdict remember and jionder these words, "The battle
is geiKirally won or lost when the last juror is sworn."

[Yet people often support candidates of a midnight brotherhood for
slieiiti" and commissioners.]

"The case of W. K. vs. J. K., to try the rights of property in relation
to a certain colt, came up before Justice J. B. L. last Saturday. The jury
gave a verdict in favor of the plaintitf. The costs of the suit amount to
over $500. Rather an expensive suit over a §50 horse. The case will be
taken up on a writ of certiorari."

[Such is the price of justice in a masonic court.]

N. B. — "Captain 'J. B. L.,' formerly State librarian of , recently

a justice of the peace and auditor of Pomeroy, was placed in jail last night,
ia default of S500 bonds, to await the action of the grand jury, on a charge
of embezzlnment. Several charges of a hke character are hanging over
liiiu."

[Though the parties were robbed of large sums of money, the brother,
being a licensed criminal, was dismissed by the good to him judiciary.
And of such are the " courts of justice."]

(447)

ll-ri^

U '■

It I! I

\v\

Couurs IN Washinqton and Alahka.

•'Judge G. . lias docidoil that titles to legislative acts may not Hpcciti.
cally express the objecst of the law, uud still ho valid. This was to have
heeu expected, as Judge L . . held to precisely a different opinion moiuo
time ago."

•'Demurrer to the petition was overruled. In this Jud^o G . . decided
that the insolvent law of the Territory is valid, holding contrary to u Jt'.
cision of Judge V»'. . some time since."

[The i)rofo8sion of law is a vicious, expensive humbug, and should be
abolished.]

"Judge L. . has decided the local option law unconstitutional ou the
ground that it is an attempt to confer legi-slative power upon the i)e(,i)lo at
the polls. This is i)recisely what might be expected from such a Moiuce.
His decision will carry no weight outside of his own district. It is well
known that the local ojition law, and especially the local option iJi-inciple
of voting by the i)eople on the question, was carefully considered l)y tliice
ex- Judges, by Chief Justice G . . and by other lawyers far superior iu
ability to Judge L. ., and they unhesitatingly i^ronounce tlio law coustitn-
tioual in every respect. It is a jjity that judicial ignorance and stupidity
of the L . . kind should be a stumbling block in the jjrogi-esa of moral
reform. IIi» appointment was a very bad one from the beginning, uud tliu
question as to who is resi)onsible for it is pertinent at this iiarticulartime."
[The masonic ling. J

"Judge T . . has decided in a Yakima case that the local option law of
the last legislature is valid. His decision is a strong document, and is sup-
l)orted by a formidable array of judicial decisions.

The turning point in the decision is, that the local option law is not a
delegation of legislative i)ower, but merely the delegation of the power to
determine ujjou what contingency the law shall be operative."

[And the Supreme court decided both ways, so as to make business for
the brotherhood and "members of the bar," at the expense of the pooplo,
and making the legislature a useless bodi/ or branch of government.]

" There is intense excitement all over Washington over the decisiou of
the supreme court, declaring unconstitutional the act of the legislature,
gi'anting suffrage to women.

Last Friday the iieoi^le of this coast were astonished by a desijatoli
from Olympia, stating the supreme court had declared the women's suti-
rage lav/ void, and that hereafter women could not lawfully vote or sit ou
juries iu this Territory.

Judge L . . in his opinion says, that the present code of Wasliiugtou
does not contain any authenticated act of the legislative assembly. It
purports to have been edited and compiled by a i^rivate party. It cou-
tains no titles to acts, no enacting clause, no signature of the presidcut,
speaker, or Governor. The chapter, divisions and sections all i>uri)ort to
be the act of a iJrivate party. He says it is clear that this book does not

may not Hpociti-
lis was to have
,t opiuioii woiuo

1^0 G . . decided
iutravy to u de-

J, and should Vic

ti^ntioual ou the
ion the pei^ilo at
m Bucli a Houree.
itrict. It is ^veU
option prineiiile
isidered by three
8 far snpi'rior iu
tlio law euustitu-
ice and stuindity
)rogi'ess of inoral
)egiuuing, iiud the
3 particular time."

ocal option law of
nieut, and is suii-

iption law is uot a
In of the power tn
Ltive."

[niake business for

■use of the pooplo,

'ernment. ]

er the decision of

f the legishiture,

Jd by a despatch
the -wouieu's snff-
Lily vote or sit ou

Ae of Washiugtou
Ive assembly. It
Te party. It cou-
lof the presiucut,
\ns all purport to
lis book does not

AVOMEN AS JUIIOIIS.

449

coutaiu an actor copy of an act iiassod by the loj,'islativo assembly, and it
cauuot bo known ollicially irl/nf if diti-s <»• iloi-s no/ coutain." [V^-t it wds
effixlirif (IS (Ojainst oulsidcrs.]

"In this way all tho acts granting women the right to voto are void,
and if unablo to vote they are incapable of acting as junu's. "

" Ohief Justice O. . says : 'From all that is decisive, and from much
that is not decisive, iu the very able opinions just read, I totally dissout.* "

"Followiug is the opinion of Judge D . . with some facts cited by him:
'The opinion announced by Justices T. . and L. . holding the woman sutl-
rage law imconstitutional, does not have that efl'ect.' "

"The same questions have been differently decided by threat of the

judges of the supreme court while hearing cases in that court If

the opinions in these four cases are not decisive of the (piostion, how can
the opinion of L . . and T . . be decisive V But if tho woman suffrage act
auieudiug section 3,050 of the code is void for the reasons assigned in the
opinion, then the act amending section 2,113 of the code, and fixing the
time of holding the iireseut term of tho supreme court is void for the same
reasons, namely, a. ik/ective iille.'^

The title of the two acts is in substance and effect the same, and if
one act is void, the other is void, and the supreme com-t is now in
session without the authority of law, and all its decisions and doings have
no validity.

I am not attempting to show the fallacy or unsoundness of the opinion
iu (piestiou, but only one of the results of such an opinion, that if ' all the
acts granting women the righv vo vols are void, ' the act under which the
supreme court is iu session is also void. [In other words, the hin-yer
machine is <t humbug and expensive SKiindle.^

Tlie editor says : "Our roadei's can take each their own views of the
matter set forth above, and when vhey get through studying on them, if
they know any more about the real statutes of the question than they did
before they commenced, they know more than the writ*>r does about it."

"The decision of the supreme court, declaring thc^ woman suffrage
act of 1883 unconstitutional, has been the absorbing toiiio of conversation
along the streets to-day. In view of the special interest connected with
the case, representatives of the News have taken pains to secure exi)res-
sions of opinions from a number of our leading citizens."

One says : ' ' Public sentiment in Washington Territory is largely in
favor of woman suffrage. "When I first came here I was prejudiced
against woman suffrage, but my exijerience has shown to me that the
good of society demands that women should exercise the same i)ohtical
rights as men. This decision is a real calamity. It is made on ijurely
technical grounds and mthout reference to the merits of the question.
The matter is still more to be regretted for the reason that it will impair
public confidence in exposition and administration of law by our courts.
It is feared by many that the supreme court of "Washington Territory is
29

I ^

mm'^w

450

"The Infamous Decision."

inclined to keoyi in the old ruts and avoid the decision of qne.stious upon
their intrinsic merits."

Another. — "Theconrthas stultified itself. The decision looks pet-
tish. TL-i supreme court having three times passed en the question, it
should he recognized as settled. The legislature having been in sessiou
since the time of those decisions, it can he well considered that the i>e()jili>
have acquiesci>d in these laws. Here is another consideration : If tliiit
deci.sion goes to the extent that female juries, or juries in which there were
women, are invalid, then all present indictments now pending, the Chinese
cases iucluded, and the conviction in the celebrated W. . murder case that
is now before the supreme court, are invalidated."

Another. — "The decision knocks the stufling OTit of thing.s, and yet
does not settle the question. It makes a muddle. If an offender is tiied
and convicted in the second or third judicial district by a jury composed
in whole or part of women, an appeal to the supreme court would result
in the aumibnent of V.xe judgment ; whereas, if an appeal should come \\]>
from the first or fourth judicial district, based on the present deci.sioii, the
judgment would be aflirmed, as it is known that Judge G. . and Judge H..
favor female suffrage and regard tho, law as constitixtional, and Judge L. .
and Judge T. . maintain the opiiosite ^•iews."

Another. — "I am sorry to see the woman's siiffrage act declared nn-
constitution.'d. I was not at one time in favor of woman's sutTrage, l)ut
since I have seen its workings in this territory. I am in favor of it."

Another. — ' T have sat in the Jury box with women and always fouuil
them good 'jurors. ' "

Another. ^ — "I am opposed to woman suffrage and glad to know the
Supremo Court has rendered the decision it has."

Another. — '•! am in favor of woman suffrage, pronded they vote the
democratic ticket."

Another. — "I con.sider it a great pubhc calamity. Woman sufl'rage
has been a success in this tenitory."

Another.— "I inv.iiiably found that women made as good jurors as
you find anywhere. They had keen per* eptions and exercised mo^t ex-
cellent judgment. The deci.sion was wrong."

Another. — ''I have always been opjjosed to woman suflrage and like
the deci^inn."

Another.— A legal gentleman said: "A quibble, yes, sir, a (luibble."

Another legal gentleman: — "The decision is a splendid one. It will
he'if'Ji/tJn'jiii/iciiiri/si/s/i'iiioithiHierviUn'y. Women have not made irinnl
jurors." [They not being so safe to bribe or subject to niy.stic sij^us.
And Buch decisions beuetit the judiciary system by making the terrif<ivv
" a fiTj/ iucititKj fii'lil (if vlan'r/ar tlf /I'f/dl/rati'niifj/," THE c.vNCEU ok tuk

PEOPLE.]

"A yEQUENCE.

The legdtimate fruits of the Supreme Court are already making tliciv
apjtearauce. The result is to create endless controversy, constant fni-

Courts in "W^vshington and Alaska.

451

' qnestious npou

cision looks pet-

tho question, it

r lieeu ill HOSsidU

I that tlie people
oration : If tlmt
-svldfli there vcro

icliug, the Chiuese
xmirder case that

if things, and yet

II offentler is tried
: a inry composed
onrt would result
d should coiuc up
esent decision, the
■ . . and Judge H . .
al, and Judge L..

;e act declareu uu-
uan's sulirage, but
favor of it."
. and always found

glad to know the

Ided they vote the

Woman suffrage

|as good jurors as
txereised most ex-

I suffrage and liko.

[sir. a (luiWdi'- '
ndid one. It vill
le not made good
to mystic siuus.
Iking the territory
1e c.vnceu of tue

Idy making thciv
Isv, constant i' 'i»-

fusion and instabihty of judicial proceedings under our statutes, for tho
(Iceisiou Mill reach and apply Mith equal force to half tho enactments of
the last two sessions of tho Territorial Assembly, whenever tho point is
raised [/or a hiy price or rhif/ inihiciiri-] with respect to any one of them.

Upon the convening of the District Court in tSeattle, the United States
Attorney raised the objc'tion that no legal term of tlu' District Court could
then he held, since tho act of ISMo, changing the time of holding the
terms of the District Courts, was likewise imperfect in its title, for the
same reasons upon which the decision against the Avoman suirrage act was
rendered, and, therefore, void. And further that, acconling to tho piiu-
cijile involved in its own decision, no lega; to* m of the Supreme Court had
been held, since its authority to sit at that time was derived from an act
with the same imperfect title. He believed, in a rehearing of the case, the
decision Avould be reversed, for the same Judges, if they were consistent,
must decide that they had no jurisdiction, since they Avere not legally in
session.

Judge G. . ., after hearing arguments oil both sides, determined to hold
tho session of the court, ' .siuce i*' was clear in his own mind that both acts
weri' valid, though he believed that the logic advanced by the judges who
delivered the opinion in the sutlrage case would render this act also void,
because the title did not state tho object of the act.'

In case of any conviction at this term of covt, it is more than likely
that an appeal will l)e taken [if the parties have j) nity of money or belong
to the gang] to the Supreme Court, on the ground of no jiirisdictiou, and
it will be interesting to see, how these same Judges will accei)t the fx'uits
of their former decision." — Daily Ni'.n-n.

' The result of this decision, if adhered to by tho District Courts and
followed to its legitimate end, will occasion endless litigsitiou [and enrich
the gang, to which the Judges belong, at the expense of the people] .
Titles to much propux' \%ill lie unsettled. The d(>cision is disastrous. It
will result in setting asu • all the indictments against the C^dnese conspi-
rators and against tho.se indictc 1 for defrauding the Goverament of thou-
sands of acre: v>f tinib'n- land. a. 1 feu- j'erjury and like crimes. 1v some
of these cases the statute of limitation has run, and no new iudictmouts can
he found."

"In this territory half-breed Indians und Kanakas can vote. The
only class of persons excluded fromsuidi rightsare Cliinamen, full-blooded
ludiaus and white, intelligent Avomen. I say '■ Shunn'.'' The plain, homely
peo])le of the practical Abraham Lincoln kind are almost without exception
iu favor ol the law."

"The Inf.vmois Declsion.

When territorial Judges bang their hair and again undertake to annul
lifxishitive enactuiOL s aud overrule judicial decisions by frowns and
>lihistry, they will do -well to act with more cu-cuinspectiou. They will
ill \v(ll to ('(inMult authorities, and not indulge iu whims and vagaries.

■•'il

Wfff

''W4

1 ' H

IHB

fl^Hnl

r^i 1

.^Hfi

% 1,

il i'

" '!

*i'' ■

?l'-

5 '

45'J

Women as Jurors.

The recent oinuious clelivered by two of the Associate Jtisticcs of
Washington Territory [Free Masons] have received a scorching througli
the press, which, it is hoiked, will Bene as a warning to thcu and to ethers.
The ' oi)inions ' have been reviewed and have been shown in be nothing
bnt spurious and efiusive gush. It has been shown, that in i)rei)ariug the
opinions, i)lain and well-settled ininciples of law have been disregarded.
It has been shown that 7to cnnsfitiitional ipiestlmi was involved iu the cast; or
presetited to the covrtfor decision.

The Judges travelled outside of the case vnd dragged in the consti-
tutional question, and then decided it on jnirely technical grounds. They
not only assailed the validity of the sitflrage law, but the visi/om and jmlkii
of such a Uw. [As though the people have not as much wisdom and are
not as comiJetent to judge of a policy as a few Masonic shysters.] That iu
doing so, they labored to uphold the doctrine that it is not one of the
rights and ijrivileges of women to engage in such professions, occui)atii)us
and employments, as they may choose for a livelihood, and went so far as
to compliment some [masonic] Judges for refusing to admit a woiuan to
practice as an i torney iu their coui'ts. [2ior can anybody outside of the
gang.]

' ' It has been shown that th*' Judges have exercised j^owers expressly
reserved by Cougi-ess iu the organic act. and that they have overruled de-
cisions of the suj)reme court of the United States and of other courts.

To 2>rove this, decisions hke the following have been cited :

"Acts of the Territorial legislative assemblies are valid until disap-
proved by Congress."

Minros bank vs. Iowa, 12 Hon. 1.

" Laws passed by the legishvtive assembly of a Tt^nitoiy, and approved
by the Governor, are valid and oi)erative until annulled by tht lUsapproval
of Congress." Tenitory of Wisconsin vs. Doty, 1 Pen. 396.

It has also been shown that, iu order to give plausibility to the
opinions, an attempt M-as made to wipe out of existence laws which were
ujjon oui' statute books very long before."

[Sitchjiaws (O'e made in laws jmrjiosely by the masonic gang for an in-
direct tax on the peoide for their (the gang's) 8upi)ort. Of courHt\ they
i:ould be corrected forth irith, but tluit\vould spoil the job and hurt their
business. No Judge shouiiD BEiiONo to a secbet sworn miujuout

bbothebhood.]

Complaints of Cot-bt.
" It becomes so grave a matter that we cannot refrain from mcutiouin;.:
the complaint we hear against the district cnurt just closed for its iuefli
cicncy in behalf of justice and fail- deahng between man and man. TheN
come from all classes of peo^jle in this county. They do not come froii.
defeated litigants, but from persons who have no ends but justice to servi
in their animadversions, severe criticisms, and oomphdnts of the uiuimei
in which most of the business was done. It is surmisttl that money [ami
masonry] was used unlawfully tv) defeat justice iu its met*8 between met:

"The Infamous Decision."

453

"Aside from such intimations and declarations as are referred to, we
can truthfully say we have never heard so many complaints filed against
one Juilge and his [masonic] court during one term. All this comiilaint
comes from the turn the matters of litigation took before the court and
juries under instructions of the court. We call attention to these tilings
so the matter may bo studied. [It is practical masonry and money
mixed together. ] We have no doubt the people from their standpoint,
liiivo just grounds of complaint, and we fear no good will come from
those matters. Good men and women do not hesitate to declare the
whole court was a farce, and another Cincinnati atlair with the riot left
out ; and only the good sense of the peo25le prevented the latter.

Just here let it be said, there is too lax an administration of justice all
over this country. There is too much svmpathy for criminals if they hap-
pen to have money [or belong to the gangj while a poor cuss [or outsider]
is piimshed to the full extent of the law. The opinion i^revails that if a
man has money [and belongs to the gang] lie can commit any crime and
go unpunished almost altogether. It is a dangerous period in the history
of a country when the jjeople loose confidence in the court.s. If theru
was a prom2)t execution of the law we would not witness or lu^ar of
}H(>ple taking the law into their own hands to nn^te out jiistice. [Ma-
sonry] ia too prone to evil to give it such unbridled license as it now

has.''

* *

"Judge L. in a case tried before him held the insolvent law good, re-
versing Judge \V . . and gi^^ng good reason for so doing. [And this they

call "being learned in the law."]

* *

.... "Judge J. . expressed himself as strongly oj)i5osed to the resolu-
tion, and statinl that for years the district C(Mirt had been run in the interest
nf a few [masonic] attorneys, and stated that he had knowledge of bach

facts, uud he ma<le the charge advisedly."

* *
*

"It seems a hard matter for the court here to get a legal jury;thc-
prosecuting attorney had the rc*///v ( mashed at present term of courc as
lie (lid in February. " [And so the brother and ex-J. P. was " acquitted, "
this JH a common trick with the gang, to pack juries.]

"Cireatcare was taken in selecting a Grand Jury, not to place luiy-
hoily on the lists who is connected with the Knights of Labor." [Which
ishaiilly a secret craft, and yet niiMubcrs of the sworn secret gai.,';;s of
anti-working masons and odd-fellows are put onto juries, and even as
Juilges, to try and judge full-Hedged .\uiericau citizens.]

* *
*

"The [masonic I defaulter has been arrested at Chicago. Now the
ipicstiou arises, who wants him '? The county cannot attbrd to tax her
people ;i?700 or «W()() to send aft<'r him and then pay the expenses of his

454

Courts in Washington and Alaska,

trial, Mliieli if it follows the coiirso of fionio of the trials at the last term df

court Avould 1)0 only an expensive farce." [Had he not belouged to the

gang how diifereut would have been the cry ?J

* *

"Our delegate expresses the fear that the forfeitiu'e of Northern
Pacific [masonic] railroad lands will involve citizens on its huoiuiiro-
tracted and costly litigation, and that, therefore, it would be better to give
till! lauds to the company. This is in efi'ect to say that although the [gang]
is not entitled to these lauds, it should be permitted to iiold them, because
otherwise it Avill jjersecute settlers. It is a strange [masonic] doctrine,
and ii\ this day nud generation rather a bold ])osition to take. Because a
[gang] wants a jnece of the public donuuu, jirivate citizens [or outsiders]
must stand back, with bowed heads, and meekly give way. We have
heard this sort of threat before. Mr. C. P. Huntington, the well-known
letter writer, exi)ressed the same when he declared that if Congress passed
a bill forfeiting the Texas Pacific grant, his [secrt^t gang] would 'litigate
the question iu the [masonic] courts for twenty years.' The doctrine then
restilts iu this : The jieople must surrender their rights on demaud of [a
secret gang], or be subject to rtithless jjersecution under the name of liti-
gation." [And blacklegs say, "we have a good judiciary."]

. . . .""Were severally indicted for the crime of i^erjury, committed iu
making final jiroof to a tract of laud [for a masonic ring.] said defendants
had severally appeared before probate Judge, and made oath to certiuu
statements m relation to the occuiwucy, imin'ovements, etc., of the said
land, and which statements Avore willfully false. The defendants by tlieir
[masonic] counsel, filed a demurrer to the indictment on several grounds,
amongst which they claimed that a probate Judge was, under the law, n^t
a person to administer au oath iu such cases, and that the crime of perjniy
could not be committed in taking an oath before such an ofHcer. After
argument by three of the [gang] the [masonic] court sustained tlie
demurrer upon the above named ground, and the actions were dismissed
and the defendants discharged from further i)ersecutiou. This case has
attracted a great deal of attention, and one of the defendants had been
T)rought back from New York [at the i)eople's exi)euse and profit to the
gang] Tipou a warrant issued ujjon the indictment," [which, however,
was good enough to send other men to the penitentiary.]

* * *
"To the peoj)le of Lewis county we will say, your doom is sealed-
Nearly one-half of tiie property of the county is now exemjjt from taxa-
tion. You have not even the right to apply to the courts for a redrew:-
of yoiir grievances. [The masonio rings] Mill not jiay taxes, neither c in
yon com])el them. You must work and koop the taxes on your property
Ijaid, If iu the future the [masonie riugs] demaud of you to make a deed
t<> it of your homes without consideration, you must do so, paying the

the last term of
belonged to tlit-

ii'e of Isortliem
1 its liue in pro-
be better to give
ough the [gang]
A them, because
isouic] cloctriuc,
,ake. Because a
us [or outsiders]
way. We have
, the well-knowu
' Congress i>asseil
] wonkl 'litigate
Che doctrine tlieu
on demand of [a
f the name of Uti-

iry, committed iu
] said defendants
e oath to certain
etc., of the said
Ifendants V)y tlieir
several grounds,
uder the law, not
crime of perjury
|an officer. After
art sustained tlio
s were dismissed
|u. This case has
indants had been
and profit to the
which, however.

doom is sealed-
tempt from tu\a-
Irts for a redress
(axes, neither cau
In vonr property
lu to make a deed

Women as Jurors.

455

lo so, paymg

the

scrivener's fees yourselves, for the [masons] are all-powerful, and you

dare not fight them. "

* *

"It is projier, however, to say that at common law the c. Tarts have
alnrit/s had i»ower to enforce reasonable charges for transportation, and
that this interstate conunission act therefore asserts no power that 'lid
lU't jirei'ionsl// e.cisf. Again, this law forbiJ.s discrimination, though the
courts have alivai/s Jiad power at common law to punish discrimination,
and recpiire the carrier to charge all persons who engage his ser\'iees
e(iually for the same service.

But individual eflbrts to enforce these ijrinciides against the [masonic]
raih'oads have lony since been abaiubmed us hopeless.'" [Because the courts
are i)rostituted with masonry.]

*
"Seattle [then a town of 8000 inhabitants] has a court docket em-
bracing J04 aises. and a deliuciuent tax list of si'ven columns iu very small
type. She may not consider it a matter of boast, however, as did the boy
who felt elated because his father had a mortgage on the family
uuiusion." [But the Governor bo((sled tlutt it vas sucb n '■'■youd field for f/te
h'ljul/raternitii " — that it had such a big cancer ]

* *
*

"We overheard one of our oldest hardware merchf ""-s say ^hathesold
more guns the last day of court than he has during the entire time he has
li( CD in business, and he further added, that almost c very purchaser
c'liiipled his purchase with some remark about the failui'e of the courts to
protect life and lu'operty, thus compelling men to take measui-esto protect
themselves. "

[The following is a sample of how the masonic courts protect prop-
city. ] "A resident of this county borrowed 825 from certain mouey-
leiulers in April, 18S4, for one year at one per cent, jier month. Not being
a'llo to meet the note, suit was brought against the pai-ty, and judgment
obtained for the amount ^vnth interest amounting to 829 witji attorney's
ft'i's lit 850; costs of coui-t, 80J:.!IO; to this JU'ist yet be added the sheriff s
ft'is, which at the very least will bring tlie total to .8150, or -8125 more
than the original debt; and yet they tell us [blacklegs do] there is justice
iu this free laud. Shylock tlied too young."

"The two Indians iu court pleaded guilty of attempting to rob
jBlank] of fifty cents; [they not being odd-fellows] the Judge gave them
respeitive'v six and tweive mouths iu the penitentiary."

[Though the Indians ph ad guilty] "two attorneys of this place will
no . 1 >ubt SMxni ailvertise a h(n'se sale of the animals paid them for defense
'if the [above] Indians." [which was all right with the Judge. And
IndiuuH UK! bl*med for not embracing such a svstem and civilization.]

; ,'i
i .'

i' ■:■

: t.

i '

'■ "i

, 1

' H 1

«H «»■

456

"The Infamous Decision.

"A Seattle lawyer owns about 10,000 acres of lami iu the Palouse
coiintiy. " [Which rein-esents <Z!r/< «tMc7i( human misery and pillage. Yet
he is pufl't'tl up by the masonic press for his "success and many acres,"
while an outsider and full-fledged citizen is howled down as a hog if lie is

even willing to honestly earn and desires more than IGO acres of laud. J

* *

"In the case of the United States vs. [J. Freemason] and others, for
ilefrauding the Government of public lands, on trial this week, the court
.sustained the demurrer to the indictment, on the ground that the moans
employed in defrauding the Government were not sufficiently stated iu
the indictment." [I will inform those who do not know that such flaws,
if tliey are flaws in reality, are done by prostituted ofKcials of prostituted
courts, by ring influence, or for a piice, or both together.]

"A Novel Ruling.

Three uuimpeached witnesses swear that the defendant was iircseut
and committed the off'ense charged. The defendant swears he was not
there, and is corroborated by his brother, a small boy. Held by tlie
court, that there was no evidence to go to the jury upon which they could
find a verdict of guilty."

"With the present [1886] prohibition agitation comes a desire to see
the already Sunday law enforced. Attemi)ts have been made, and how
successfiil they have been, the following circular proves:

'Before Justice [FTcemasou], Tenitory of Washington vs. [one of
the gang], for violation of Sunday Law.'

' The natui-al query would arise, how is such a verdict possi-
ble in the presence of such testimony, and under the law ? It can i>uly Ijo
aorotmted for by the existence of [masonry and crime] iu the courts. TLe
fact was established that the saloon was opened on Sunday; that a brisk
business was carried on, viz. : twenty -eight drinks sold in the course of an
hour. The bartender testified that he tended bar that day besides clcau-
iug oiit the saloon. There was no evidence to contradict the testimony
for the piosecutiim.

The couchision that a candid mind must come to is, that the .'.aloon
[and TUHsonry] is supreme iu its influence over the courts, that, wliile
other ^vcnpations [and menj um :st be obedient to law, here is an ocenpa-
taoa [a«\l brotherhiuvlj that i-ides rough-shod over all law, whether of
God or man. "

" They<irj' inP. . 's case agreed in about an hour, finding him guilty of
jTRnd laixH>n^\ as chargetl. When P . . 's case was called, there was a runioi'
in cou'i't that he had fallen heir to .Sli.dOO since his jailing for grand lanony.

V . was bnnight up for sentem-e. Judtre []\Iason] stated, that in
order to give hirrta chaao© to refonn, he would impose a nominal sentence:
mteweek imja/iil."'

iu tlie Piilouso
111 pillage. Ytt
il many acres,"
as a hog if ho is
res of land. J

and others, for
week, the 001111;

that the nioaiis
ciently statinl iu
that such flaws,
Is of prostituted

]

lant "was present
rears he was uoo
y. Held by the
ivhich thev could

3 a desire to see
L made, and how

igton rs. [one of

ih a verdict possi-
It can i>uly Ije
the courts. Tlie
ay; that a luisk
the course of an
y besides cloiiu-
t the testimony

that the .".aloon
Urta, that., wliile
We is an oecupa-

law, whether of

ig him gtiilty of

tere was a rniuoi-

[ir grand larii'uy.

stated, tlmt in

)minal sentence:

Courts in "Washington and Alaska.

457

[Why are not those who do not have §6.000 likewise "given a chance
to reform," if the courts are not prostituted '?]

"Judge [Mason] sentenced J. L. to eleven years at hard labor for

grand larceny." [He didn't have ^(5,000].

* *

" The prosecuting attorney asked the grand jury to find a true bill
against B.. ' for assault with intent to commit murder,' and they did so.
Instead of making the same request as regards M . . , who was the most
guilty, and who drew his deadly weapon ^ns< (iiul shot D.., he simply
asked the jury to find a bill against M . . ' for exhibiting a pistol in a
threatening manner. ' Is this equality ?"

[And yet men vote for ring men for office. ]

*
" On crossing the track with his attention diverted, the engine started
up without the usual warning, and ran over him. At the conclusion of
the plaintiff's testimony the [ring's] attorney moved, that the case 1)0 non-
suited, which motion was granted by Judge [Mason] and the case termin-
ated." [Where is such a \'actim'8 recourse ?]

* *
*

" It is not thought the commissioners will make any changes iu the
licenses, as they have been ' ad\ised ' that by pressing the matter Imrd,
they would involve the county in a suit which would certainly result in
having the license law declared unconstitutional, there being a flmr some-

tchere." [To be pointed out and declared liy the courts/or a j^rice.]

* *
*

" But the action of our judiciary in the premises is only in kee2nng

vritli innumerable instances of coiu'ts throughout the country in setting

aside, uijou the most tri\4al pretexts, the enactment of the law-making

power, until it aiipears the most carefully devised statutes are not safe

with the [masonic] bench and bar autocracy."

* *
*

"We, as a iieople, are getting heartily tired of the legal loop holes by
which red-han( led murderers escajie i)unishment, and as time goes on ai)iico
these methods of escajie ajapear to gi'ow larger and larger. The law has
Ui) terror for the [midnight ring] evil door, and unless such murderers are
summaiily dealt mth, we may expect to see that class go on unchecked."

* *
*

" A correspondent at Sitka does not tliinlc the establishment of a court
is of much benefit to .\Jaska, With courts come lawyers, and with law-
yers suits." One of the first and most important suits impending before
the newly app'nnted Judge at that point is one brought by some of the
Russian residents to restrain the Home for Indian Boys and Girls from
using eertaiu lands appurtenant to its buildings, and which are essential
to its future 8UiTr**s. Tliis corresjiondent thinks tJ/e sr/'iol is ( if mom ni/'n'.
thill, ihe court." [Certainly, masonii- I'ourt.s will be a curse to the couutiy.]

''•M

!||||

458

Women as Juuoks.

"HoAV THK Laws ake Defiku.
If some fnturo liistoriau slmnld cliiinco to wnt(> a liistorv of Alaska
from its ci'.ssiou to the Uuitecl Stutcs to the yeai' Iss."), tlio voluniG wonld
uot be rcael with auy great degree of i)ri(lo by Aiuerit'iins. Its sale wunh]
not be large. If atrntliful history, it wonhl be a story of lawlessuoss and
tlctiauei' )f law. It wouhl show how impoteut Amerieau law cau bo, ami
how worthless American oilu-ials oau be. It woiihl eoutaiu nothing to ex-
cite euthusiasm, nothing that could win ajiproval. It would tell Imw a
dominion, sparsely pcjpulated but an cni])ire in I'Xtcnt, was tnuist\.]'ic(l liv
llussia to the Uuitt'd Stati's; how the white people wlio had settled witliiii
its borders were vastly outnumberctl by the natives ; how the latt(>r wwc
harmless and no danger was apprehended from them; how tlicnMvcii'
strict laws against selling li(]uor to tiii'm. and how thoroughly lli(is(> laws
Avere enforced. Then the historian might commence a lU'w cha])tcr with
an account of how the Amcrii'ans took i)osscssion of the country with a
tremendous llourish of tri;mpets. He might go on Avith the account of
how the seal tisherie.s Avere farmed out to a wealthy corjioration tif [freu
masons] ; of Imw there were no courts, no peace ollicers.

Then he might tell of how after many years an unsatisfactory and in-
comph'te government Avas grunted the country ; of how a number of
federal officials, judicial and executive, arriA'cd ; of how, Avith tlieir cdiu-
ing, l.iw breaking increased rather tlian diminislunl ; and of hoAV they iliv
regarded and connived at the breaking of the laws. He might tell hew,
instead of lU'osecuting those who brought liquor into the Territory, tiny
encouraged such law breaking and themselves ])artook openly of lie
liquor which should uot have been in the countiy. Ho might make a
fearful arraignment of American law and American officials.

To one who kuoAvs the maddening effect of li(iuor uiion the Xortliorii
Indian, there can be no (jU(\stion of tlu> Avisdom of Congress in forbidiliug
absolutely the importation of intoxicating li(juors into Alaska. lu a
country inhabited by about a thousand Avlute men surrounded by forty or
fifty times as many savage and senii-ciA'ilized Indians, there is danger at
any time, and that danger is especially great Avhen to other things which
might at any time i)rovokG hostilities, is added the power of intoxicants.
A b.u-rel of Avhiskey might at any time make ra^iug■ maniacs of the entire
tribe of Alaska Imlians, and the massacre of all the Avhite i)eo2)le, rcsidiiiy
in that particular district, might easily follow. The Avisdom of the pr^i-
hibitiou, then, cannot Ijo doiibted. It is not a question of temi)erauce, or
anti-temiierance, of prohibition or anti-i)rohibition. It is a question of
Avhether or uot to provide for the safety of a snndl Avhite iiopulatiduintho
midst of an Indian country. Tet it is a notorious fact that the late oflieials
of Alaska, executive, judicial and revenue, allowed liipior to be brought
into Alaska, and opeuly sold Avithout making the slightest eftort tori>straiu
the trafhc. Indeed, it is eqiially notorious that a nund)er of these olliciiils
habitually bought liquors by the drink. When asked if the tralllc were

itory of Alaska
I Yohiuio wonlil

Its sale AVdulil
lawlessuess and
aw cau be, aud
.1 iiotliin^^- to ex-
luiil It'll litiw a
■i transt'i'iTcil liy
1(1 sL'tllivl witliiu

the latter were
lldW tlicvo well'
o-lily tlnis« Lnvs
e\v cliaptcv with
; couutry with a
1 tlio uci'onut of
•poration of [free

tisfiictovy aud iii-
ow a mimlicr of
, -with their com-
I of liow tliey dis-
miglit tell hew.
lie Territory, they
cpeiily of the
might wake a
Is.

ion the Northern
'ss in forliiddiuL'
Alaska. lu ;i
unled by forty or
licre is danger at
u'Y things wliieli
er of iutoxieauts.
acs of the entire
people, residing
idom of the pre-
if tempevauee, or
is a qnestiou of
]iopulation in the
vttholateollicials
)V to be brought
teilort to restrain
of these oirieials
the trallic were

.-4

460

"The Infamous Decision."

not illegal, their answei* was ixsiially a laugh. Ho^.■ can the Indians ho ox-
peeted to resixH't laws whic^h aro so openly violated by the men who are
sent out to see that they are enforced ?

The statement innocently made by a Juneau miner recently ham a
whole volume of meaning in it. He explained the state of affairs by say-
ing : 'Formerly wo had vigilance committees and compelled the store-
kt^epera not to sell liqiior, molasses and firearms to the Indians, but now
tliat the judges, attorneys, and United States marshals have come, wo are
entirely Avithout protection. ^Miat can we do ? ' That w.is said innocent-
ly enough, but had it been meant for sarcasm, nothing could have been
keener. Tralv, what can they do ?

.1'

J. ; ■ I

CHAPTER XXIV.

TiiK Courts of Orkgon, Montana, anu Uimtish ( 'ou'miua, cnndciiA.'fl from
thi', Prcnii, irith t'.rji/Kun/ioiis, I'Ic.

1 HE revenue of the conuty is absorboil by thoexi)euHca of the jnsti('t>s"
courts, very few even of those most iutincstcd, nnd vbose attention lias
been called to the matter, realize the enormous amount expended in itay-
mcut of fees and oxpcmses in these eourts.

It is not an iineommon thing that a prohminary examination, resnlt-
iug in the committal of a criminal for trial, cost the county several hundred
dollars, [besides what is often bled from more or less innocent victims by
comi lawyers. ]

An uninformed observer would naturally 8Ui)i)ose that so simple a
matter as preferring a charge, issuing a warrant, a brief incpiiry into the
fiicts, and holding the accused to answer, Avould be a comparatively inex-
pt'usive proceeding, but the fact is otherwise. When to the amount con-
tributed by the county for the maintenance of these retail justice shoi)s is
added the cost of a vast amoiint of litigation directly encouraged, if not
instifjaled by them, the aggregate is ai)2)alling.

It is the duty of taxpayers to make a diligent inquiry into the cause
or causes of this state of affairs, aud if i)0Hsible, to devise a remedy. [The
remedy is to keep the gang out of ofHce. ]

There is (/reat awipctition for this ruinous business, for, while each
precinct has its justice, the jurisdiction of the said justice extends over
the whole county, and they consequently become so many comijeting
sliops. The i^laintiff who, out of the entire list, selects a single justice [or
is a brother in the gang] before whom to bring his action, is a customer
entitled to consideration and is rewarded by a judgment in his favor.

Every shyster at the bar has bis favorite justice, and expects success in
proportion to the amount of grist he can bring to the mill.

Actions are brought on the theory that the plaintiif [if a mason]
always wins, which never would stand the test of i)roof.

Every justice has his constable and two or three hangers-on [all
masons] ready to be sworn as sijeeials, all actually buutiug up business
for their shop.

The fee sy-stem contributes largely to the in-esent state of affairs. If
the justice and constable bad each a salary sufficient to comjjensate them
for their services, and fees were i)aidinto the treasury, it is jiossible that
tliore might be less diligence in creating business, but in all in-obability
uo one would be loser thereby, aud matters m which justice aud public
interests are really involved would not suffer for want of attention."

UUl)

ni^i

^
. A^:

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

{./

^ '>\

1.0

1.25

50 ■^" ■■■

Sili ■

I.I l"^ 1^

1-4 m\.b

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WIST MAIN SIMP

WiBSTER.N.Y. MSSO

(716) •73-4503

'ifc

f/i

;l ,<

i'.*

<<\li

fj!

hli»

if $-

402 Courts in Oitixiox, Montana and British Columuia.

" Niif'inlxi)' 2 -J til, ISSti.
To llf Kli/nr :

111 your pajtor yon Kooin to liimciit that (■cvtaiii iihascs of the prr^'ccd-
iugH in r('^;;aril to the ]5ak'h cliililrcu liavt! lu'vrr liccn examined iu fumt.
Several y(>ars a^^o tiinsc points were pi-i'sciiti'il to and ni'fjcd iipfui tlio cir-
cnit and sniironic (■oiirtM as tin- principal points in tlio then pcndin'r lialdi
case. Bnt each court declined to pass upon those points, thou^;li )iii'.
sented by proper pleadinjis, in a proper suit, and with voluminous ti"-ti-
mony to support them. The circuit court went so far as to decide oiice
on the case, that the acts conipl.iined of were fraudnleut, but it afterwards
went back of this decision in the same case, and threw the whole ca^eont
of court ou Kome i)retenseof a defect intho pleading which had nev^'rlncu
raised or suggested by tlu' attorneys uj)ou either side iu the case, and luul
never beeu previously suggested by the court, though a second argumoiit
of tho case was had iu the same court by tho court's onh'r. Ou ai)pi al to
the supreme court, th(> pretense upon which the case had been thrown out
by tho lower court was deemed so tririnl, tloit it inis ncn'r iiwnlioucil //// tin'
court or attornt'i/s ou either si</e."

* *

•'The l)auk thief has beeu seuteuced to a term of one year in the
peuittuUiary. Yesterday the wretchetl burglar, who entered a house at
night iu the hope of being able to extract some loose change from the
pockets of tho owner's jiauts, and got instead a well deserved charge of
bucVshot in the back from his gun, was sentenced to a i)eriod of nine
years iu the penitentiary, and every good citizen applauded the dccisiou
of tho Judge. To-(hiy, a man who has systemetically stolen for a jierioil
of months, until the sum stoleu aggregated several thousand dollars, is
given one year. What sort of pressure and how much of it to tho square
inch was brought to bear upon Judge [^lason]?

"Judge to [odd-fellow]. — 'You stand charged with appropriating
money belonging to the depositors in your hank; are you guilty or not
guilty.' Odd-fi'llow. — ' Yoitr honor, I did borrow Si), 000, merely to spend
on a pleasure trip.' Judge. — 'Only borrowed it? I thought as nnudi;
but owing to our miserable laws, I willlje compelled to ask you to cliantre
your residence t<i Salem for one short year. In the meantime, before your
departure. I would be hapi)y to have you call and take dinner. "

"Judge [Midnight] to Workiugman. — 'Well, .sir, you are charged
with attempted burghiry, what have you got to say ?' '

Workingman. — "Nothing, your honor, but thatl had beeu sick for a
long tinic, not able to work, and my wife and babies were starving. I
went to the baker shop autl knocked at the door, intending to ask the
baker for a loaf of bread. Not reeeinng any answer to my knock, I tried
to open the door and was arrested."

Judge. — "You miserable whelp, you are guilty of the crime of
attempted burglary. I sentence you to tho penitentiary for nine years,
We must make an example of such as you. Tho court stands adjournid."

\ V.

)IX'MUIA.

2-llh, ]SS(i.

of till' prnei'inl-
luiiuMl in fouvt.
'il n\nm tlio cir-
II pondiut; I'.alch
nts, tlKnij^li lire-
oluminous tfsti-
^ ia docidt' once
but it al'ttTwanls
10 wliolo case out
h had ni>v?rl)('eu
ho case, and luul
second argniueut
r. Oa appeal to
. been thrown out
;• nii'litidiiml h'l Ihe

: one year in the

itered a house at

change from the

Bsorvod I'har^'C of

a iioriod of nine

ided the decision

toUni for a i>criiHl

ousand doUars, is

f it to the scpunv

jith appropriating

■on guilty or not

|), merely to spend

liouglit as much;

lisk you to oliaiii-'e

itiino, before your

liuuer.

you are chartictl

lid been sick for a
Iwere starvin.u'. I
lidiug to ask the
lay kuock, I t'-iea

I of the orinio of

for nine years.

lauds adjourneil. "

Courts in Oregon, Montana and British Columbia. 4(')3

"This Question awaits ax axswek.

Feiiuuary 7th, 18S7.
To thi} E'/ilnr :

Would any law the legislature can euaot have any effect ex' opt to get

up big suits, so loug as the [masonic] ring (nnm the m/preme cour/, and one

of its judges istheex-Goveruor under whose ruling the ring gets its title?"

* *

"Some little tinu> ago H.. was arrested and charged with entering
the house of B. . with burglarious intent. He was held to answer before
the (rrand Jury, which body indicted him on a charge of 'invading the
[ircnu.ses with the ol)ject of committing rape. " H.. was allowed to jjlead
Lfuilty of simple assault, and was tiued irr.jU. The prevaiUng opinion of
persons who claim k> kiton' i.<, tltat tlieve m-rcr tms anything in the case.
[To .simply vhnn/ii an innocent person with sui-h a crime as rape, blindly
prejudices so nniuy of the luithinking cattle against him that with a jiros-
lilitl-'iUvKi-f (Ditl press he can easily l)e railroaded through to prison under a
long sentenco for pillage or revenge. I know of such victims — one per-
sonally, with a largo family. His innocence was established beyond di.s-
imte; the witnesses against him recanted and tied the country; the people
and jury petitioned for his release. His nmsonic Excellency (tho Gov-
eruor) was playing cards and drinking whiskey when the i)etition was
offered to him; ho replied, to 'bring it to his office the nextday when he had
time to spend on sui-h business,' at which time ho said, 'wo have a good
judiciary,' aiul without the [masonic] Judge the petition is worthless, with
the [masonic] Judge I will 'ccmsider' it ; his houcu- (V) declined to 'inter-
fere with the cause of justice,' and the victim is left to languish seven
years in prison. ]

"Anothek In\'ESTI(».\TION. "

• ' Witness testified that Judge [Links] was under tho influence of
liquor so often that business suffered; had seen him goto sleep on the
liencli while important cases were being heard. The delay in appointing a
successor to Judge Liuks cost tho district from ^575,000 to 1^100,000, and
luul also cost the Govei'ument a large sum.

Ex-Chief Justice Blank was also before the committee; ho testified that
Ju(lj,'e Links gamV)led while holding a term of court; that he played poker
fiiinuniey imo Sunday aftt'rnoou, while during tho morning of tho same
lily ho had delivered an address before a Suiulay scluxd. On other occa-
Mons he played 'stud' poker and faro for money, liijuors and drinks, and
a:il been at a dani'o given by a colored woman of bad repute, and wasfre-
luently drunk when on tho bench."

[The following is a sample of tho proceedings of a miners' court with-
"Ut any law-books, blackleg 'bar,' or other needless expense.]

"Tho court in his charge to the jury said that they must strip the
a^e (if technicalities, regarding no law but right and wrong, no t(>st but
lumnion sense. They listened with approval, and at once proceeded to

i:;

'!i.l

f» > )

f.Vf ^J

.i;'i

I \1

' 't-

464 Courts in Oregon, Montana and British Columbia.

disagree on a ^•ital point ; some -wanted to hang Sim, who had been inuven
guilty of bribery, while several wanted to hang Alcalde Rogers. This ilau-
gerous phase soon passed away ; the jury found a verdict for the plniutiff,
and left the sentence with the court, where it e^ndeutly belonged. Judge
Hayden then, amid breathless silence, announced his decision — Spreuger
Avas to be reinstated in all his former rights, as half owner of the cabin,
tools, proAisions and claim, and Sim was ordered to pay the costs of bis
l)artner's sickness. The court then adjourned.

But some of the evidence offered had revealed so much rascality ami
malfeasance on the i)art of Alcalde Rogers, that none of the miners were
satisfied to let him longer hold the office he had so disgraced."

"The Walkeb-Te.\l Case.

James D. Walker, a citizen of San Francisco, loaned to B. Goldsmith
6100,000 for which he gave his note, of which the following is a coi)y:

PoKTiiAND, Oreg. , August 19th, 187i.
Two years after date, without grace, for value received, I promise to
pay James D. Walker, or order, $100,000, >nth interest theron at the rate
of 1 per cent, per month until paid. Interest to be paid monthly, and if
there be default in payment of interest for the period of twenty days, then
the whole sum, principal and interest, shall, at the option of the holder of
this note, be immediately due and payable. (Signed) B. Goldsjiith.

To secure this note Teal and Goldsmith put up a large amount of real
estate, transferring it to Hewitt as trustee, with an agreement that if said
note became 30 days overdue, Hewitt shall, after demanding payment, sell
the land on 30 days' notice. At the end of two years (Aug. 19th, IsTti .
$96,750 of the note remained unpaid. On October 18th, 1876, Goldsmith
and Teal obtained a second agi'eemeut for an extension of time for one
year from that date for the payment of the note, and Teal and Goldsmith
put up more real estate as before. The second agreement was signed b
both Teal and Goldsmith, and recited the first agreement and note, and
l)rovided that in consideration of the extension G. and T. " undertake and
agree that the said G. will promptly pay " the interest when due and the
l)riuci2ial at the end of the year, and that, in default of payment of iiriu-
cipal or interest, the whole debt shall become due, as proA-ided in the tii>t
agreement and note (/. e. the principal being unpaid at end of the year
Hewitt shall, when it is 30 days over due, sell on 30 days' notice; and if
the interest be in default, Avhole debt to be due {it the option of Walker.
The agreement then declares— that Walker agrees to extend the time for
payment of the principal and interest one year or until default in pavmeut
of interest, and no longer; but if default be made in payment of iutorest.
the whole debt with then accrued interest ' shall become due and payable
as in S(tid note specified,' (j. e. at Walker's option.) 'It is distinctly under-
stood and agreed by the parties hereto, that the agreement of August llHli.
187-t, is not (oi nulled, rncaled or set aside by the execution of this agree-

Courts in Oregon, Montana and British Columbu. 465

1 to B. Golilsmith
•iugisacopy:

ist 19tli, 18T1.
ived, I prouiise to

tlieron at tbe latf
d niouthly, and it'
[ twenty days, tbeu
on of tiie holder uf

B. Goldsmith.

irge amount of real
•eeiuent tbat if said
ding payment, sell
(Ai;g. itHb, If^TO;,
[b, 1876, Goldsmith
lion of time for one
'eal and Goldsmith
lent was signed by
lent and note, aud
It. " undertake auil
Avben due and the
if payment of pviu-
ln■o^•ided in tlie tin-t
it end of the year
[lays' notice; uud it'
, option of Walker.
lextend the time for
default iu payment
payment of iutorest.
le due and payal'k
is distinctly under-
lent of August HHh.
lution of this ajiree-

meut, except in so far as the same may conflict vith this arfreement; in all
other respects the two instruments are to be taken and constnicd together. '
Default was made iu the payment of interest Jan. 21st, 1S77. Plaiu-
tifl's commenced suit to foreclose Sept. 26th, 1877, one month l)efore the
year expired, in the exercise of their option. Defendant (Teal) claimed
Lis proi)erty was discharged because Hewitt and Walker did not commence
to sue him soon euorrgh; and also claimed that he was not a guarantor of
the note under said contracts. Boise hell, Teal's property was bound; but
Kelly and Prim decided that the property wws discharged from paying the
debt, because Walker did not commence t-uit against Teal and Goldsmith
soon enough. By which decision Walker lost, perhaps, §50,000."

" It is not a httle singular that all these decisions are made practically
to favor the vicious and the criminal. There is not one, we venture to
say, among all the decisions of our Supreme Court, that has rendered
justice more certain or more decisive. These technicaUties are nhrays
pmnd to favor the side of injustice [(iml Masonri/], always tend to ovemde
equity, are always found to shield [Unked] criminals from the just punish-
ment of criminaUty.

This kind of tiling will doubtless make lynching more frequent."

"Money, Masonby, asd a Sandbag.
Bridget Blank is happy now, and can boast of being the first woman
who has went from the United States to the Queen's dominions and run a
Jury to suit herself. Bridget and her husband went to Victoria some tim^,;
ago to reside. She then left her husband there, to attead to business,
while she came to P. to look after her interests here. A few days after
she left, her husband killed a man with a sand-bag. He was arrested, and
Bridget was notified of the fact. It did not take her long to act. She
ijuietly gathered up $30,000 of her accumulated wealth, and, boarding a
steamer, announced her intention to clear her husband, if it took every
ceut of it. The charge of the Judge to the Juiy was almost unreasonably
strong, but notwithstanding that fact a verdict of 'Not guilty' was brought,
which so exasperated the Judge, that he ordered the prisoner tumed loose
ami adnsed him to 'sandbag the Jury, ' much to the amusement of Biidget,
who eovishlv closed one of her eves, and remarked solo voce that Ireland
had made one portion of the Queen's dominion very tired, that she
kuew of."

i ' ;.

; t

11- ;■.-;;

ill.;

1 .

CHAPTER XXV.

The Courts and laws of Califoknia and the States, comlenseil from
the Press, with explnwttious, etc.

OLANK has lioeu fouiul not gnilty" bytho jury. It has come to tliis.
A man of fripn<ls ami intlnence may ih'Ubprately. ^^•ithout catise or provo
eation, shoot his fellow-man down npou the streets, and then come Ixforo
the coiirts of this country, stand a moc^k trial, and go free. This is wliv
mob law prevails to such an alarming extent in our land. It is a fearful
thought. Just as certain as there is a world, things are getting into iiu
appalling shape. That the killing was deliberate murder, Ave believe no
man doubts. And yet he is acquitted by a jury of twelve [masonic] imu
acting iinder solemn oaths. We believe these fellows to be perjunil
.scoundrels and detestable hypocrites, whose disgraceful conduct is a Imru-
ing, blistering shame upon the people of the United States and onr ooiu-
mon humanity everywhere. This is past endurance, it mu' i be correctetl,
or the fall of our institutions is inevitable. "

" The supreme court of nearly every State in the Union, inilnding
California, can interfere in murder cases between sentence and execiitiou,
and gi-ant a stay of i)r()ceedings, review the case, and send it back for tri;il
over again on &om.e Jiimsi/ pretext or teahniculiti/. These loopholes are virv
convenient to [masonic homicides]. The law makes the bench uf xho
supreme court both Judge and jury, and this has often led to exaspeiiitiii!.'
delays of justice. The case of H . . , one of the murderers in the couutv
jail, is an illustration of the force and sinister effect of legal techmculitiis.
He has been tried three times, and on tluj first trial was convicted of a
most brutal and revolting liomicide. Yet on the flimaiest of legal <]HilM:<
the siipreme court reversed the decision of the superior court and re-
manded the case for trial again, and now nearly four years have elaiis.'tl,
and still the man is wearying justice and menacing the nioml sentinieut of
the community he has outraged. And, as is usual when such cases are
remanded [for a big price or scc/W iiijlio'iice], i-wo subseipient trials Imve
resulted in jury disagreements. AVitnesses have disappeared, public in-
terest in the case has partially died out, and the ghastly crime, wliicli at
t\rst caused a shudder of abhorrence, has become almost a remini.sceiu'i'. It
is not surprising that in viev/ of facts like these, the better cla.s.scs aiv dis-
gusted with the operation of the [mast)nic] machinery of our so-called
courts of justice."

" Coii/t'ssiou <)/ (j/nill wdsui/ivietit. — M. W., who has been under trial
for perjury, was accpiitted to-day. The jury was out only fifteen niiimtes.
Much surprise is expressed [by outsiders] at the vertlict, as M. W. om-

(460)

CouRTa IN California and the States.

4(57

, condemned from

bas come to this.
cause or provo-
tlien come iH-foro
?e. This is why
It is a fearful
; gettiug into au
er, we believe no
,e [masonii'l uku
9 to be perjunMl
?oucluct is a liiiru-
ites anil our *«>ui-
oiiv i be corrected,

B Union, in.-huling
hoe au»l exeentiou,
ml it back for trial
loopholes arc virv
the bench of tbo
led to exasperating
>rers in the county
L>gal techmcalitii"^.
as convicted of a
[hs/ of 1<"J'>1 '/'"■'''''"■
i-ior court ami re-
ears have elaps'il.
Imor.il sentiment of
ion such ciiscs are
[ecpient trials Iwive
')peareil, public ui-
;ly crime, whifh ;''
a reminisceuco. It
:ter classes are dis-
[v of our Ro-calle<l

la been under tnal
tily fifteen minntos.
ict, aa M. W- ^■" •

f^ased having perjured herself, but the jui-y acquitted on the ground that
tiio state' aent of guilt was not established."

In the district court, this afteruoou, Freemason, charged with murder,
who had been on trial a week, Avas accpiitted by the jury. It appears that

tiie murdered man called Mason the usual western pet name, a " s of a

li :'" The jury in its rei)ort decided that a fellow, who called another

such a name, deserved killing on general principles. [But had Mason been
killed for the same thing by a Christian, the courts would have called
it a "cold-blooded murder."]

"In a recent case where there was a flagrant miscarriage of justice,
tlie Judge told the jury that 'they had violated their oaths and had
disregarded the testimony, and that a jury composed of Indian would
liavo done better than they.'"

"The graders of the S. P. K. E. were suddenly brotight to a stand-
still last Wednesday by J. H. Moore, ui)on whose laud they were tres-
pasniug. Moore appeared with a "Winchester rifle aud a revolver, while
several of his farm hands were armed with a variety of guns. Negotia-
tions are now pending between the i)roprietor of the ranch and the rail-
road, aud if the right of way cannot be bought, the entire ranch will
be purchased. " [7V</s was his only recourse, as (he courts are sheer tools of
ty musonic R. R. Co.\

"Further, the influence of the railroad corporations at the land-
office in Washington has been a paramount influence, no matter under
"•hat administration or wlio teas Secretary of the Interior, [Just so he ^vas
a mason with whom the brethren coiild secretly and safely trade. ] The
tiist extraordinai-y advantage gained was in 1857, when Black was at-
torney-general, on the application of certain raili-oad companies for
o'riijicd lists of theu" lands before the lands were earned. The attorney-
general held, that these lists could properly be furnished. What next ?
Later, the Secretary of the Interior held, that a complete legal title was
conveyed by such certified lists, and that they were equivalent to i^atents
aud that he could not review the acts of his predecessors ! This was a
short way of disposing of some extra million acres of land which had
utver been earned, but of which the country was plundered. 1'he power
"1' these [masonic] corporations has been a controlling power, not only
iu securing extraordinary grants of land, but in the successful retaining
of iuunense areas of land after their forfeiture.

They have invariably succeeded in their claims against the Govern-
ment iu all controversies touching their land grants, where the Govern-
iiitut, or those holding under the Government, were iiai-ties. This is a
'road statement, but the reader need only to look back to the record for
the last thirty years to verify its truth. In other words, (he [niasons] have
'■"ntrolli'd in the land-office, in the intei'ior departmeiit, in the law department,
'"t'i in the legislature. The Indian, who, as the fable runs, expressed his
three wishes by demanding, first, all the rum in the world ; second, all the

:*ij b

i^^

468

Courts in California and the States.

tobacco in the world ; tliirtl, more ram: faintly sbatloweil forth the raveu.
ous greed of thoHO [midnight] monsters. The [secret] powers which oou-
trol at the Heat of Government, also control the Bpecial legislation in a ma-
jority of the Sttitea. I do not now speak of what is termed corrupt iuflu-
ence, that is, the influence of unblushing, direct bribery. I refer to the
influence of [masonic] power, that sort of power which should alarm cverv
one of us. For it compo-sses society ; it has to do with every small auil
largo town and ullage ; its connections are unbroken.

Put yourself in ojiposition to this power and you will quickly com-
prehend me. Resist in the courts an illegal encroachment ou your
property ; bring suit for damages for injury to certain vested rights;
endeavor to restrain from a cruel and inexcusable tre82)a8s, and yoii
will 8i)eedily find your proceedings cripjiled by interlocutory motious,
by temporaiy injunctions, by dilatory orders, until, unless yon iuive
both, money to pay for the defense against these harassing methods [uf
prostituted courts] and the courage to continue ["twenty years"] totLe
end, you will abandon the attempt to maintain your rights, or perhaps
accei^t some humiliating sum as a compromise, which does not evou
serve to defray your legal expenses. This is an every day expcrieuo'.
They are gi-asping, deceitful, and unscrupulous. No court or legislature
will interfere to check the career of [masonic] corporations more power-
ful than courts or legislatures, [midnight rings], ever vigilant, ever active,
with a legal machinery perfect in every aiipliance, and a treasury in-
exhaustible.

It is impossible, to jDropei-ly characterize the methods, or to picture
the widesjiread iliptress caused by them. The history of the past years
is filled full of these unhappy illustrations, and they are so glariufr, that
it seems incredible the country does not take the alarm."

"Blank, charged with the murder of C.., was to-day acquitted hv
the jury. The alleged cause of the killing of C. . is stated to be tlwt
he was on terms of criminal intimacy with Blank's wife." [Which
always acquits a iiiasun or odd-feUow,]

" A murderer hanged,

C . . was hanged here to-day for the murder of Blank. The crime
for which J . . suffered death was the murder of Blank, who had threateued
to kill C . . on different occasions, and had been criminally intimate with
his wife." But this is no legal excuse for an oulsidei' against one 0/ Ik
gang.]

"July 2nd. — Blank, charged with intent to kill, has been accinitted
Friends of good government think that a moneyed [or masouicj luau
cannot be convicted of murder."

"But the gilded [mystic] hand, which shoves by justice, must not be
strengthened by multiplying miht^ regiments — the people will not staud
that — but by stopping the traffic in juries, and by such an administration
of just and legal laws as shall meet the approval of the masses of

Courts in Californu and the States.

469

nmukind ii\ -whose instincts justice has its safest auil strongest earthly
throne."

"Ex-chief Justice David S. Terry, who has been the chidf counsel for
bis wife during the entire litigation [of many years, wherein one Judge
would decide one way, and another the opposite, and perjurj' was openly
aud confessedly practised without rebuke or punishment], was present
with his -wife to-day, Sept. 3rd, 1888, in court to hear the reading of an-
other decision. When Judge Blank was about half througli reading, ^fr;.
TeiTv jumped to her feet and asked the Judge if he was going to order
lier to give up the contract [of her former maniage with Sharon and which
bad l)een declared valid by two courts]. Judge Blank told her to sit down.
Mrs. Tern-'s face turned white with passion and she cried, ' Jiistice Blank,
v:e hoar that 1/ou Jill rfi hi'cu hoiifjJif ! We would like to know if that is so
aud what figures you hold youi-self at. It seems that no jierson can get
justice in this coiirt, unless he has a sack.'

Judge Blank told a marshal to ' remove that woman from this court
room.' The marshal grasped her arm, and in an in.staut Judge Terry
arose and exclaimed that no living man should touch his wife. With this
he dealt the marshal a tenuble blow on the neck with his list, Avhich sent
bim across the floor.

Then, with several deputies and by-standers, Terry was removed.
Mrs. Terry was also taken from the room and locked in the marshal's
office.

A deputy was placed at the door, when Tern- advanced upon him and
demanded admission, which the deputy refused. Terry put his hand in
his pocket and drew forth a dangerous looking dirk with a blade eight
im'lii's long, and, with a curse, held it above his head and declared he
^^ould stab any man who tried to keep him away from his wife. Terry
TOs then locked in the room with his wife.

A satchel, which Mrs. Teny had dropped in the court room diii-ing
tho excitement, was found to contain an English bull-dog revolver with f.ll
six chambers loaded. She was turning to open the satchel just before she
was put out of the court room. " [If the courts are not reformed with
anti-mason ballots, lead and steel will be resorted to by victims, who will
be upheld by the people. ]

"The case of Mra. Myra Gaines, has now, after about forty years in
the courts, been decided by the Supreme Court in her favor for nearly two
millions of dollars. The decisions of the courts l)elow were also in her
favor. She has spent a large fortune and a life-time on this suit, which
notbing but some egregious defect in the legal system or some criminal
oomijUcity on the part of the [Masonic] courts could have kept so long
from a final decision. And now the intention is to carry the case by some
xtraordinary alleged right of appeal to the Supreme Court of the United
Mates, where it could not be reached in less than five years, and that at
enormous expense.

I !

>, i

i - 1

470

Courts in California and the States.

Tlio ]>rosjioi't for a woman iiciir four-st-oro, and woll worn ont both in
inu-se and mind liy lonj? litij^'ation, is nntlni^rht; and tlio qucbtiou v bat
Hiich laws, UK liavo pcrmitt^'d all tlifsci delays, arc worth, is ti jHrtiuLUt
on»\ The ease iw aggiavatt-d, if i)ossil)l(>, liy tho fact that Mrs. Gaim'?jis
ox(H'»'din^j;ly liln'ral and charituMe, and means tti Iti'stow her means, mIud
rt'coviicd, in founding and HUi)iK)rting institutions for the lionefit of tin
working clas.st'8 and tho poor. Kho is, in fact, tho Pot^T Cooper of N\w
Orleans."

" Mi's. Gaines is a l>oantiful example fif the effects of the legal system.
Kecently a decision has been rendei'ed in her favor, but oven if it could he
carried out, she declares it would not benefit her, as all her intere.4 ha.-
been absorbed by a syndicate of lawyers ami speculators. [A secret gaii::
?•«'/'//;■('(/ by prostituted e(mrts. ] In other words, she is in the same bi.at
with M'(ftirr<ifiiiii and many otlu'r veterans, who have spent years in julsL-
ing their claims, only to find in the end that the lawyers and [Maseuicj
lobbyists [that blackleg ollicials a mij »'l au ai)plieant for justice to eiuiildv
and load with money.] come in for any coin that may be secured." [Is
such a systi'iu of robbeiy any better than anarchy ?]

'•Then' are H&) superfluous words in every deed, ami 1240 in even-
mortgage; and the people of New York i)ay every year 8100,000 for tlit
recording of superfluous words."

"In February, 1S70, the Sui)reme Court of the U. S. di-eided tlmt
Congress hud no power to make United States notes a legal tender for ]iii-
existing debts, and the reasoning of that opinion was to the effect that the
legal t<'uder acts were unconstitutional.

After changes in the memboi'ship of the court, it decided, that Cou?vt.<-
had power to make United States notes a legal tender for debts coutraitcil
both before and after the passage of the act.s. These conflicting opinions
diminish confidence in the court; any party in control of Congi'(>ss and thr
Executive can procure any decision by increasing tho number of tli'
Judges, and '2"i''kiiR the court.'" [Would not a court, composed of
plain, honest men, be b(>tter than professional, technical gentry, so "kaiii-
(>d in the law " that they cannot agree as to what it means, an<l make of
the courts a secret jugglery to gamble ■with, so that avo have no security iu
l)ei'son or iJi'operty.]

Wh.\t the CofRT.s OnARGE TO Settle a ^Matter of S'>0.
"The case has been tried tive times, and each time, except one, lie
has received a verdict for from 83,000 to 87, oOO, which was always set asiilu,
Ho ai)pealed to the Supreme Court, and tho verdict has been reversed,
giving him no damages. The court costs are now .83.300, while the otbor
expenses on both sides amount to at least 820,000 [a tribute to the court
gang, ] and several parties have been ruined by the exiienses of the ca.se.
The value of the calves was 850. "

[And blacklegs say, we have a "Good Judiciary."]

"Kumors that the Jury had been 'fixed' in the interest of the

Courts in California and the Statks.

471

:s.

k-orti out both in

10 qnostiou wluit
:li, in a i)ortiuLUt
it Mrs. CfaiiuHis
\ov iiu'aus. \\luu
lio benefit of th<'
r Cooper of Niw

the legal system.
•von if it eoulilhf

11 her iuteii'.4 li;i>
,. [Afieerftfiiu;:
^in theBamol"nit
)out y»-ars in im^li-
•ors aiul IMasouic]

i^istiee to cmvloy
1)0 Bccureil." [Is

, and lii-tO ill i'v<n-
at S100,0(M>forthc

U. S. tleeiile.l tlmt
ogal tender for I'Vf-
o the efifeet that tlio

.•iaed, that Conpreis^
'or debts coutraotiHl
Icoiiflieting opinions
lof Congri'ss aiul tlu'
]bo number of tli-
•o\irt, oomr"M>l "f
[ill gentry, so "Wain-
loauR, and make of
have no seenrityiii

CER OF S">0.

kme, exeept one, lie

Ivas always set tisiiU'.

has been ri'Vi'isi'.l,

|W(), while the otlitv

1 tribute to the coun

Ljensea of the cas-'.

the interest of tbe

[Masniiic] defendants brought the ease to a standstill. Four men hfttl
hfcii slij)])ed into tlie bn\ [hy the ^lasonif SheritVJ, \vlio slmnld never
liiive be»'U adniitteil. They belonged to the same Masonic lod^'o a.s de-
ftiiilants." [With Ma.sonie ofth-ials, Avhat ghost of a shov has u Christian
for ftjual justice?]

" A Judge has been found in Iowa to drive the tnnlitional eoach and
hix through the new law on juin'li/ tivhuicul i/rnmii/s, and when it had been
(<() thoroughly discussed and adopted by so large a majority of the i>eo])h'. "

[If the courts were hont^st, they would pass on lulls iN'fore the TiCgis-
laturi adjourned, if at all. liut why should two or three Masons oNcnide
the Mill and mature judgment of a large majority of the people, whoso
servants oflicials are supposed to be Vj

"The first star route trial la.sted three mouths, the second six and a
halt'. The cost of both trials lias been about half a million to the (toNcra-
iiuiit. One lawyer got S(>0,»MM», another 84(),(»0(». and another SiW.OOO.
Ni \t to the original steal and the [^Masonic] verdict of accpiittal, these fees
aiL- the biggest scandal of the whole disgraceful business,"

[One of tlio ganp; jihvd (juilfy, and yet all were acquitted.
Of ctnirse, the "trial" was a farce, done by Masons for a blind
(as though the}' would pnni.sh and send to jirisou their breth-
ren fen* robbing other people), and to steal a half million more
iu court expenses.]

What Anti-^I.\sox Jiikiks (an do.

" To three lawyers who put iu bills anuuinting to 82r),0(¥) for st>r\nces
ill Mttling an estate worth S32,00(), Judge Thomas Drummond said: ' You
l)a\i' charged S'25,(K)0 for sixty days' services. These charges are infamous.
Tliey are such as men who are scoundrels and thieves at heart would
niak,'. This charge of Slo.OOO is cut down to .9ir>00. Those of !i?.".(M)0
oaili to 8")()n. Repeat such a piece of rapine in tliis court and I will dis-
liar every one of you.' We tru.st that other Judges will imitate the
txaiiiple of Judge Dnimmond. and repulst> those legal pirates who plun-
der estates and often reduce their olient.s to penxu-y. " [But when Judges
aiv brother Ma.sous to these " saix/n/ri'ls, Ifiii'i'i's <i)nl jiirnti's," thi-i/ sUnul in
li,'j,ih,'f to ]))'()stilute the courts at/tiinst the people. And when Judges are ap-
]ioii:ted by ring dignitaries, these blacklegs are the gentry they choose
froiii. ]

■ While evidence against the star route coutmetoi-s and imblie oflicials
^as strong and conclusive as to guilt, and the G<iverument was defrauded
of large sums, and large Bums of money were exiiended to B(>cure indict-
inouts, yet iio person was eon^^ctcd or i)unished, and no ci\'il suits have
liecu instituted to recover the vast sums illegally and fmudulently t>btained
from the imblic treasury."

"A young lawyer went through town driving a iwrtiou of his first

t t 'I

^ <\

472

CouiiTs IN California and the States.

law fee — a yearling Hteei. The fee eouMiHtcil of i^HAH) in mouey, a, Htack of
fodder, a silver wateh, an old how and the yearling."

[Perhaps, all the poor devil hail. If the courts were not
the swindling shops that they are, they would not require tlio
employment of these pirates at all. The court clerk would il,j
ivkat formal wrltimj ivas iicccsstiri/, and the iKirtUn could make kinm-a
their ownam'-s. For example, who knew her case or could make it
known to others better than Mrs. Gaines, after forty years ex-
perience with it? And she was Avilling and sornrf i ineii did jihail
her own cause. Yet, to have any iutluonce with Masonic riiUleu
courts, she was coitipelled to employ a whole f^auj^ of Masonic
pirates, with whom the brethren could secret! ij and so/el ij lr<iilr.\

"The time has como for a general leveling np with respect to tlio
jury 8er\ice, and a thorough revisiou of the laws relating thereto .sctius
imperatively demanded. The people will not tolerate much longer smli
miscarriages of justice as have recently been witnessed iu various parts of
the country." [Ld it be vuule illcjal for (oiy ((fficial to belong to mnj M
sworn brotlierhooil.]

" Hardly a day passes without a legal decision which is contrary to
reason and common sense. The Scottish American Company has loiiuid
some millions of dollars iu Chicago and vicinity. On attem2)ting to foiv-
close upon a piece of property, the defendant set up the i)lea that '//^■/•.'
Wits no such comp<uii/ ill existence' After weeks delay, a certified copy of
the Edinburg certificate of incorporation was ofiered iu evidence of the
bona fide existence of the company. A day or two ago the coiirt decided
that this was insufHcient, and when asked what would be sufficient, reiiliid
that ' he did not know.' To an outsider it would ajjijear that a comiiiiiiy
which had ' exis* ace ' enough to lend some millions of dollars. Imd
existence enough to foreclose ui)on its securities in case of default. IJiit
it seems not." [Is such jugglery honest ?]

"Less than half the number of Judges necessary to the 5,000,()()i) of
people of the State of New York is sufficient for nearly five times the
number of people in England."

"The case of B. . (colored) on trial for marrying a white girl.— B..
was found guilty, and given the full j^enalli/ of the Idir. The only otlitr
case under this law was dismissed, the Judge holding the law unconstitu-
tional. " [Is that equal justice ?]

"Tha man arrested for stealing a horse was discharged because Le
proved that he was drunk when he took the animal." [But that does not
acquit an outsider. ]

' ' When N . . was acquitted of murder, it was on the ground of iusnu-
ity. He was then brought up for examination as to his mental couilition
and pronounced sane, after which formular he was released. All of which

luey, a Htin-k nf

CounXS IN C.VLIFOUNIA AND THK STATES.

47:j

in ftu oxhibitiou of li'gal juj,%'k'ry iiuil lmmlln^,'^'^M•y." [At tin; cxpi'iiHo of
tlio pooplo. ]

"Tlio riot is but the nhadow of tlie events that mnst follow such
fiufial ailmiuistration of our laAVH w occiiHioncil the riot. It was plain
tluit the expenditure of a few thouHaml dollars [and niasonry( had pur-
c-hiisod justice and robbed the gallows of its just dues. It demonstrates
tliut the traffic in juries, which has been so extensively carried on, will
eventually rob the people of their rights and protection, and in the end
their liberties."

"Wank, one of the 'good fellows ' referred to in the Huntington corre-
spondence, is now the r///ry ,//^></(V•'f of He was called a 'good fel-
low ' because he could get a riiilroad bill i i hI when Governor of that

Territory with very Uttlo money. Ho was once (tovernor of also,

Laving received the appointment throucrli the [masonic I influence of the
Central Pacific Company. Ho there > traye»i the G utiles and defeated
the laws which he was sworn to ui^hold and visdit uto. After ho was driven
away from that Territory, the same [ma-souli^ influence secured for him

till' governorship of Ho wa.s reiuo.eil from that oflico on i)roof

that he had been accessoiy, both before and afttu* the fact, to the W(H'st
rolibi'ries and murders ever committed iu that Territory. The Tri1>inie
says : ♦ The chain of evidence is almost complet«^ that he has been but the
abject, characterless and conscienceless tool of the [masonic] railroad
owners for something like a dozen years, and tlnit aside from his allegiance
to [uiasonrj'] he is in every bone, muscle, nerve and heart-beat thorough-
ly corruiit." [<SVt7i is tho imiterUdthdt Goveiiiors ami th(;"<j<i<)tljndii:iarti"
are made of by the masons.]

"It is imi)Ossible to comprehend how such a verdict could be found
unless, indeed, money [and masonx'yj vas jdentifully used among tho
jurymen. The case was plain enough. His crime was deliberate and
premeditated. Each member of the jury which brings in such a^ verdict
coumits an ofifense against society and against the iiublic peace. It is no
wonder that the natural criminal classes respond to the impulse given
from the jxiry room, and that murders are all too frequent throughout tlu;
couutiy."

"Ours is a Government of lawyers. In the senate there are fifty-
sov(>u lawyers, five bankers, three each of merchantmen, railroad officials,
professional politicians, and manufacturers, two miners, two general busi-
ness, one editor and eight farmers.

In the house there are 195 lawyers, nineteen professional iioliticians,
seventeen merchants, twelve nlitors, eleven farmers, ten manufacturers,
five jjliysicians, three railroad officials, tv/o each of civil engineers, miners
and mechanics, one clergyman, one cai^talist, and one metallurgist.
Lawyers get office because they are brought up to speak in public."

"One need not look fiirther for the causes which started the bloody
riot than the statement of the noted lawyer, who defended the assassin, iu

'™^Wb

hA\^

. i

t f

*^ f

!!'ir'

474

Courts in Califounia and the States.

■which he flamitiugly auuounceil, that ' he uot ouly couhl have aciiuitted
the miirilorer if he had Ix'oii so (lisi>use(l, but that it was the fii-st case iu
which ho Iiad en'r itlloin'd a jury to couvict a criminal cheut of his.' TJi>r<i
vs more undenieitlh this than he is irilli/ir/ to ttpenly (tper — a yood deal more
than he will be likely to aver iu the 2)re8eut mood of the i)eople. It is
freely alleged that the jury was i)ackod to bring in a mild verdict — half a
dozen wretches were slii)i>ed on the jury for that i)uri)oso — and, as he savs,
if he had been so disposed they would have brought in a verdict of aciiuittal,
though the wjetch had confessed his guilt and the i)roof was positive
against him. It was the knowledge that there was no security for life
under the law, that it was within the ability of [masonic] lawyers aided liy
the defects of the law \themsdres hadJLced] and laxity of the courts to de-
feat justice, that aroused the peojjle to such a jntch of nuliguation. Tliey
felt that there was no other way to imuish criminals [with secret iuilu-
euce] except by lynch laAv. The people had api)ealed and clamored for
justice over and over again. The press had exposed the iniquities prac-
ticed in the courts and jury rooms, and urged a reform, but no atteutiou
was paid to it. The travesty of justice went on until it became iutoleraMe.
It is the genei'dl failure of the disi^ensation of justice that at last aroused
the citizens to violent retaliation. It is the feeling that a [musnitic] mur-
derer cannot be punished by law for his crime. It is the knowledge that
he will escaiJe either by the corruptions of the lower courts, or the
supreme court will reverse the finding on some wretched ipiihhle, and that
he Avill be remanded for a new trial and let out on straw [masonic] 1>ail
iintil he escapes altogether. The .supreme courts have acted as if tliey
were lemjiied irith the crimitml cliisses [they are chiefs of the gang] ix^raiust
the peace and protection of society, and as if the objects of courts wen^to
jirotect instead of punish crime, [that is my experieui e Avith the enurts].
They enlist ujiou the side of the [masonic] lawyer, and aid him uith
quirks and technicalities to secure the release of his [masonic] client, in-
to efl'ec\ wearisome delays and continuances, which are tantamount to the
same result. "

' ' The reign of law and order is restored ; that law and order whieb
makes murder [and robbery] the safest trade, and which has made impe-
tent the administration of law against [masonic] crimes of soeii'ty. We
have vindicated all i)ractical forms, and ru] js, and traps, and trii-ks. wliich
make the trial of a [ring man] a farce, and degrade the judiciary to tlie
sole end of having known and proved murderers [and robbers] saved fnuu
coiuiction, and i)romoting the trade of [masonic] lawyens. Unthiukiuu;
liersons [and the gang] speak of such popular impulse as a crime, forget-
ting that the right to jirotect itself against crime is a right of society, aiul
is conferred by it on its agents, and that SDi'ieti/ does not lose its ri'jht //<■-
cause its oijeuts hire become iinpoteut." [or because they are blaekleirs,
traitors, thieves, and home-ravaging brothers in the gang]. 'Ill-jnd;-'ed
as it was iu acting without organization, the feeling which moved it v,as

iRf , " ill *

III' ^ «
— ;»!

CouKTs IN California and the States.

475

. Lave acquittfd
he first case in
it of his.' TJi'Ti;
good deal more
le people. It is
. verdict — half a
-and, as ho says,
ilict of aciiuittal,
oof ■was positive
security for life
lawyers aidoil hy
the courts to tli-
liguatiou. They
•ith secret iufiu-
lud clamoreJ for
! iuiquitios prac-
but no atteutiou
came intoleralilu.
it at last aruiiseJ
a [»i'(S'>/(/i.'J mur-
e knowledge that
sr cotirts, or the
' quibble, and that
(V [masonic] hail
! acted as if they
the gang] agaiust
of courts were to
rtith the conrts],
,nd aid hiia with
asonic] client, or
autaiuouut to the

a true representative of healthy public sentiment. Neither exi)erieuce,
observation, nor i)ublic discussion has taught the people that the adminis-
tration of law is on the side of justice, law and order. They have seeu
that its chief end is to give immunity to [linked criminals. ]

•'Here is what Horace Greely thought of the average lawyer :

'For lawyers to league themselves for money with the most cousummate
of scoundrels, to become, as it were, accessories after the fact to thegreatest
of crimes and Wllainies h\ their paid labors in shielding the perpetrators from
detection and punishment, or from being obliged to disgorge their dishonest
gains — all this has become a regular business transaction, and the
lawyer shares the spoils of the murderer and the robber, and
pockets the fee stained ^nth the blood, or wet with the tears of some
wretched victim of fraud or force, from whom his client had just before
extorted it, with no less satisfaction than he puts into bis pocket the last
dollar of the poor, deluded \-ictim, who, ha^•iug been plundered or cheated
of the greater ya.vi of his i^roiierty by some other [Masonic] rogue, spends
the miserable remnant of it in the vdia and deceptive pursuit of li'(i(tl redress.
[And blacklegs say, ' we have a good judiciary.'] "

"Some time ago Blank instnicted his lawyers to offer Cox $75,000 in
full settlement, which his attorneys refused, stating that it was not enough
to go around among them for fees, let alone what Cox was entitled to.
Blank's funeral takes place to-morrow. "

[The courts are a secret robber-dan.]

" The shooting was done by Cox, aad arose out of a difficulty about a
law suit. Cox went to Blank's office and demanded SiOjOOO in settlement
of claims standing between them. On Blank's refusing he drew a revolver
and shot throe times. He says, he asked [Links] for 8i0,000, that he was
iu absolute want, beggared, mined [by the courts]. Links rofu.sed.
'Then,' said Cox, 'I -vdM attach your proijerty.* 'I have prepared against
that,' replied Links, 'you can"t get a cent.' Under tlie buliof, that he
would not get justice in any way. Cox drew a revolver and tired.

It is the direct outcome of a slavish adherence to technicalities In- the
Sujireme Court, which so often ignores equity and outrages justice."

"The accpaittal of Cox by the coroner's jiu'y adds interest to the case.
Iu lftC7, Cox connaenced a suit against Links k Co. for 8173 .l'.)5, the
nmouut due him ou a contract to grade a portion of railroad. Judgment
was rendered in his favor for the amount claimed with interest, 6193,173.
The case was api)i'aled and the judgment reversed. A second trial was
had, and judgment again rendered in favor of Cox for 8-C8.G55. There
was another appeal with similar results, and then a third trial Mith judg-
ment again in favor of the plaintiff, amounting this time to 8378,477.
Links k Co. again appealed and the judgment was again revei-sed, and
judgment ordered in favor of the defendant. Under the exasperation of
tliis climax of decisions, last spring Cox made an assault upon Judge
Links, who had several times reversed the judgment iu his favor. He had

E!l:l

I I

1. fik ^.4 I-

476

Courts in California and the States.

^ ,' 1

1 1

»■< 1

L 3 *, ■■

f .' tk i.

been goaded to desiieration by gross injustice. He had put bia all into
the work for which he was seeking compensation," [and the niasouic
courts '^^ado liim blow in §75,000 more, and they deserved killing.]

He had l)oen made to dance attendance by the rulings of the [ma-
sonic J sui^renie bench iipou the courts for nearly sixteen years, and bad
for several years been borrowing money for his family to live u^wn, while
he was still being bandied back and forth, like a shuttlo cock, between
the courts. After this assault upon the Judge a new trial of the case was
secured by another party coming into it, and it was sent back to the lower
court for the fourth time, where every judgment had been for the i>laiu-
tifif except one on demurrer, and every judgment in his favor had bcon
reversed on a technicality by the sujJi'eme court. As an outcome. Cox lias
killed Links. The circumstances were such, that the jury decided that it
was done in self-defense." FWhy would not the killing of such courts be
also in self-defense ?]

"This tragedy can be regarded in no other light than a logical conse-
quence of a iiernicious [masonic] legal system which in ninety-nine cases
out of a hundred has more of [flawed] law than ec^uity in it. The slayer
of Links is a victim of [masonic] technicality. Had there been more of
justice and less strained law in cm* courts. Links would be alive to-day.'

"It is an outrage on the name of law for the courts to keep a case ou
trial seventeen years, and during that time to repeatedly bandy it back
and forth betAveen the courts" [and charge $75,000 for doing so.^

" No one can deny the magnitude of the injury done Cox, and such
delay would have been an injury even if there had been no merit in his
case. It is one of the [^niany thousand] cases which increase the popular
distrust ^i [masonic] courts. When a man has a just claim against au-
othei', the courts ought to help him collect it inside of seventeen i/e<(rs.
Such delays of justice is a denial of justice, for justice is nothing if not
executed. Such a coui'se as that pursued in this [and so many thnusdml
of other] cases by the courts is not a private, but a pubhc outrage, aiul
these cases must not be permitted by the courts to occur too often, for if
they do, it will be as Artemus Ward said: 'Ten dollars in the Judges'
pockets if they had never been born.' "

"Every large city in the United States is, to-day, a smouldering vol-
cano, and the material that feeds the growing flames is the maladminislni-
tion of justice, not only as regards murderers [and robbers], but as regards
everybody and everything that has money [and masonry] to back him or it.
The people are growing restive under the mle of riches [and masouryj,
the power that controls our courts and makes the administration of justice
a hideous farce. The Cox-Links case was one in point. See how fox
was robbed in due form of law for sixteen years ; see whai, a desperate
attempt was made to punish Cox for defending his life against the tyrnul.
Did not the people have to interfere and say in decided tones : ' Stop that.

Courts in California and the States.

477

ut his all into
, the masonic
Uling.]

) of the [ina-
(Y»'s, autl had
'0 uiM)n, while
cock, between
f the case was
!k to the lower
for the pLiiu-
ivor had heon
come, Cox has
decided that it
such cotirtti be

a logical conse-
iiety-nine cases
it. The slayer
) been more of
3 alive today.'

keep a case on
bandy it back
Ing so. ]

Cox, and such
lo merit in liis
tse the popular
lim against au-
\s<H'enteen i/ears.
nothing if not
mcniy thnumud
ic outrage, and
oo often, for if
jin the Judges'

louldering vol-
makiiiminislrn-
but as regards
[back him or it.
[and masonry],
[•ation of justice
See how Cox
Uu a desperate
\(tinst the ti/rmtl.
« Stop that.

Let Cox alone. ' [A ml he was let alone] or the jjeople would have had to
take the Cox-Links business pretty resolutely in hand."

"All over the United States, in ten thousand different ways, tliisaiTo-
gance of the [masonic] money-power and its interference with the rights
of the people is being seen and felt, and the sentiment that is now
' smouldering ' over it, may burst into volcanic flame and force at any
time. As time goes on, the outbreaks are cei-tain to be fiercer and more
frequent unless the coui't [masonry] is removed."

"After a [Masonic] a.ssa.ssin's crime has been triumphantly committed,
a hunt is commenced for legal technicalities. It can scarcely be termed a
'hunt,' for any ^•illage attorney can pass a few hours in his library and
find or invent a cart-load of them. Dear to the [masonic cursed] court is
ihe dry, threadbare, venerable, time-worn technicaUty. Equally dear is
the new technicality. It is turned over and over, and inspected from vari-
ous stand-jjoints with professional enthtisiasm. No botanist surveys a
newly discovered plant or flower with such profound gratification as the
[masonic] court takes official cognizance of a new t«chnicalitj-. The at-
torney who cannot devise a technicality suitable for any phase of a
criminal proceiidiug, should bury his empty head in a sand-hill, and
grow U15 to be his own monument. The old moss-covered technicalities are
as dear to the [masonic cursed] judicial heart, as the dry bones of a fossil
mammoth are to the infatuated natural philosopher. The aspiring legal
practitioner surveys the judicial hoiizon with the same watchful care that
the astronomer surs'eys the Heavens, and the appearance of an important
new technicality awakens in his bosom emotions similar to those that
agitate the star-gazer on hailing the advent of a new i)lanet. To keep
pace with the increase of technicalities requires incessant vigilance and
large libraries. Moses could present laws for the whole world, and for all
terrestrial time, condensed into so small a space that, i)iinted on a slip of
paper, they might be pasted in the bottom of a hat. The San Francisco
Law Library contains twenty or thirty thousand volumes, and yet our
legal practitiouei's often turn away from it in despair, not being able to
find in its whole vast collection the pi*ecise law book they want. Many
lawyers keep themselves 2>oor by the absolutely unavoidable i)urchase of
law books, which might be more approi)riately termed 'ti'dmicalitifis hound
in cal/.' To be able to higgle over a teidinicality in learned style, to ex-
piate with due solemnity on all its Bunyan-like ramuifieatious relative to
some similar technicaUty, is really the path to legal success [in a prosti-
tuted court], and every lawyer knows it, and the bold [brother iu the
gang] attorney frequently has occasion to wonder at the ease with which
the brnin of a 'learned Judge' has been muddled [by coin or secret obli-
gation.]"

Every State legislature is a mill for incessantly grinding out new
[tlawed] laws, which must all be construed and expounded in turn [for a
jirice], and each of which brings forth its crop of decisions and technical-

t c

^' J f

1 -^^i

Sib

i. If"*

> )

478

Courts in California and the States.

ities with the multiplying powere of a grain of mustard seed. The bear-
ing of tho laws of one State on the laws of another State must be expound-
ed, and the bearing of national laws on State laws must be exiiouudtd
also. In almost every State appropriations aro regularly made for tLo
publication of what are termed reports. There are New York reports,
Massachusetts reports, Ohio reports, Michigan reports, Wisconsin ropoits,
and so on (td infnitian. These reports are grand depositories of technicul-
itios. Tliey couUiin tite f/i(('ssirork and opinions oi a multitude of [Lonffid-
//*'/] Judges on all kinds of ingenious and iufinitesimal points, and every
year they grow larger in size and more boundless in number. A pile of
them form a perfect arsenal of technicalities. When a shrewd law y or
spiings a new technicality on his opponent, procured from one of these
five dollar volumes, his opponent's case is temporarily hoiieless. Tlie
usual recourse is to secure a delay on so.ie transparent pretext, and Inint
up enough "authorities" and "precedents " to upset that technicality auJ
overshadow it with another one.

If the Emperor of Japan should send a three-masted ship to Sau
Francisco, and recjuest that it be loaded with a single copy of opinions,
dissenting opinions, digests, commentaries, recorded quibbles, and tccli-
nicalities bearing thereon, that ship would sink so deei) in San Francisco
Piy that the ablest shark in the Pacific Ocean would never be able toliiul
it. If ft tenth part of our legal lore ever got to Japan it would tangle the
Oriental mind in a hopeless maze.

In addition to the various State governments engaged in the propaga-
tion of legal technicalities by annual pubUcatious, there are countless
private publishei's engaged in the same business. They are all toiling in
the same field, and helping to roll up the great mountain of technicalities
that is gradually breaking the back of the goddess of justice.

Even when the vast conglomeration of disjointed law fails to nunt a
particular case, the sagacious attorney may turn to tho legal lore of England,
and gropo through the legal fictions of a thousand yeai-s. Somewlu re
among tho mouldering rubbish he will find a valuable hint, or a techni-
cality centuries old that can be galvanized into life, and he will be able
to return to the charge with victorious \ngor.

When a civil case has been decided perhaps for the twentieth time in
various courts and manners, and is no longer to be higgled over, it shonkl
not be stated that the victor has jiroved the justice of his case. It wunld
often be more correct to say that his lawyers have literally woni out tlio
idiysical energies of their opponents, or have finally bruiigJd about a t/ilul
e.ehaustion of funds on the other side. Gold is a leading factor in tho search
for justice, as well as a sinew of war. To the ambitious students of law
the candid professor should 8inii)ly hold up a technicality and exclaim ;
"By this shall ye concpier."

This jiractical part of tho legal science is, to see that no rogue who can
raise money [or ring influence] shall ever be adequately punished. " Bet-

. The bear-
be expoiiiul-
(i expouiuli'tl
uailo for the
'ovk reports,
)usiu reports,
of teehuii-al-
lO of [tuiijli'-l-
ts, and every
sr. A pile of
irewd lawyer
ouo of these
opeless. The
;oxt, ami hunt
clmieality aud

I ship to Sau
y of opinions,
jles, aud tt>cli-
Sau Francisco
be able to thul
)uld tangle tlie

u the propiiga-
are coirntless
all toiling in

f technicalities

ails to meet a
re of England,
Somewhere
, or a techni-
e will be able

[^utieth time in
aver, it should
tise. It would

worn out the
\d ahotit It tdhil
Irin tlio search
Judeuts of liiw

aud exclaim:

rogue who can
lished. "Bet-

CouRTS IN California and the States.

479

ter that nine giiiltv persons shall escape than that one innocent j^rson
shall suffer"," was once the noble adage of Anglo-Saxon law. It has been
changed. It should now read : " Better that a thousand [ring] cutthroats
should go unpunished than that a single, worthless technicality should go
uuobseiTed. " Jrrstice has long been blind. If she could get one eye open
aud gi'ow deaf, it would be a blessed thing for the American people.

Suppose our judicial system continues as it is for five hundred years.
How unhappy Avill be the fate of the people who live then ! Imagine the
fifteen stoiy buildings that will have to be constinrcted aU over the land to
contain even a fractional part of the many technicalities that will then be
in daily demand. When no place can possibly be provided, in spite of
merciless taxation, for the storage of accumulated law books, the impover-
ished citizen will be turned out of doors to make room for them. ' ' My
children are homeless," he will exclaim, "but, thank God, they have
plenty of law."

Yes, America ■will then be truly a laud of law, hnt the ubode of justice
will be mani/ thousitiidn of miles awa}). Immense piles of law books [and
practical masonry] will crowd her out of the country.

So gloomy a view may not be necessary. Some day, in sheer des-
peration, oirr law-woni successors may fallback on the ten commandments
and make a grand bonfire of their legal lore and desiccated technicalities,
that will illuminate the continent from one end to the other. After the
fashion of the Moslem caliph at Alexandria they may declare : "If these
immense piles of law bmiks, which it would recjuire a hundred thousand
years to read, agree with Closes, we do not need them. If they disagi-ee
with him they should ceriainly be burned." After that [Masonic] nnu'-
ilerei-s and robbers will be very likely to get their necks stretched. Coui"ts
will no longer A-irtually declare: "We know that the [ring] wretch before
us is guilty, but how can we punish him, when there is a technicality in
the way ? "

For the last time the ./orld will hear of demurrers, exceptions, object-
ontinuanccs, motions for three or four new trials, re-hearings, ap-
peals, re-appeals, writs of error, writs of sxpersedeas and all the other
flummery and drj'-bones of & perfectly worthless J udicinl si/slem."

'* Dame Justice appears to be not only blind, but deaf and dumb also.
And that is not a good thing.

When [the four Masonic criminals] were at last, after overlong delay,
brought into court yesterday for trial, their [Masonic] lawyers had the
coolness to ask for 9, further delay — and they actually got it.

"To make a motion," they told the court. The proposed motion be-
iug a mere quibble and evasion. They propose to go back of the iudict-
mout and attack the legality of the Grand Jury, it seems. What they
really want is to jjut off the trial as long as possible, and to use for that
purpose every possible cunning and unscrupulous device."

' km

I:'w1

1 1^1

\\ :\

lit

ri,

I r

.,!

480

Courts in California and the States.

t ti

^ i

"When the 'four distinguished defendants,' indicted for conspiracy
to defraud the city, which means the j)eople of the city, and their six or
eight equally distinguished lawyers had got their delay from the judge,
an officer of the court said, 'now wo will get down to the common
herd of scamps.' " [Outsiders.]

"The common herd of scamps," forsooth. One, aged 17, sentenced
to two years imprisonment for burglary. Another, for grand larceuy,
two yeai's. Another, larceny, three years and a quarter in the penitcu-
tiary.

It does not take long to turn off the "common herd of scamps." But
pray, why should justice make this distinction ? Is it right that rich
[Masonic] scamps, because they are able to hire " distinguished lawyers"
shall evade trial, wliile poor scam^js, friendless, unable to give large fees
to "distinguished" counsel, are hunied to jail ?

Nearly 69,000 votera of New York expressed their discontent with tie
existing management of affairs by voting for Mr. George. They were not
anarchists, as some silly people pretended, they were law-abiding but
seriously discontented citizens, and one of their complaints was agaiust
the way in which justice is administered in New York. The election at
which they exjjressed their discontent was one of the quietest and most
orderly this city has ever seen. They did not elect Mr. George, but if
justice continues to make so large a difference between " distinguished de-
fendants" [Masons] and "common scamps" [outsiders], as she has doue
on so many occasions and years, the election of Mr. George, or possibly a
worse man, and not only that, but of Judges, i^rosecuting officers and legis-
lators as well, is a very certain event.

The American people are patient and long-suffering, but they are not
fools; and they aU have votes. "

"What it Costs to be a Judge.
Some curious statements made before a meeting nf the Bar Associathn.

At the meeting of the Bar Association of the city of New York some
time ago, Wlieeler H. Peckham called attention to the fact that candidates

for judicial offices are subjected to assessment by political parties

Originally a small assessment was paid, such as woiUd be proper to cover
the necessary expenses of i^rinting, kc. , but of late the assessments are so
large that it is impossible for any man to pay them without a consciousness
that he be buying a nomination. He prophesied that unless the eril was
checked the judiciary of this country would merge into as absolute a con-
dition of corruption as ever existed in any country. He paid, that so seri-
ous an evil needed the most radical efforts to correct it. Ex-Judge Eniott
said he had bc^i informed that the assessments now are sometimes as hipli
as 825,000. A man who is able to pay such an assessment forfeits nothing
but liis self-respect, which of itself is enough to distiualify him. But a
man not able to pay so large au assessment must mortgage himself to get

Courts in Caufornia and the States.

481

but they are uot

the nomination. If he is elected, ho belongs to the three or fom* men who
liiive advanced the money, and is bound to repay them through the i)atron-
a^'o of his oflBce. This, he thought, was the most corrupt aspect of the
(•use. He had been informed that candidates for the highest judicial
otlices had been notified to attend the committee meetings of pohtical jiar-
ties, and kept dancing attendance in ante-rooms until the politicians saw
fit to see then\ Then they would be told that { ne assessment was so much
iiiouoy. If the candidate said it was large, or larger than usual, he would
bo told that the only question was whether ho would pay the money.

Mr. Dorman B. Eat<in said that the i)resent system of nominations led
to the selection of men who could pay the assessments, sometimes regard
less of the fact that the candidate was unfit. He thought that the old
Eu^'lish system of buying a place was more honest, because it was at least

opcui.

"FoK Five Calves.

.4 cKitue ci'hhre which has occupied the courts far foitrteeti years and still drags

along.

This litigation has been under the consideration of thirty grand jurors
auil eighty-four petit jurors; it has been presented to nine different trial
judjios, and has twice been before the Suin-eme Court, five judges sitting
\\\M\\ the bench at each time. The court costs alone amount to more
tlian S5000, and the attorneys' fees are much more than that amount. All
of the eighty-four jui'ora have decided in favor of Johnson, but the courts
liavo uniformly set the verdicts aside on legal grounds becaiise of the close
ilU(>stion as to whether there was probable cause on the part of the luem-
l>ers of the society for starting prosecution.

Tlie larger part of a lifetime has been spent in useless litigation over a
few animals, the entire value of Avhich was about $45. A number of the
fanners engaged in the suits 1 ave become hopelessly ruined, but stiD John-
son comes smilingly before the court, begins his suits, aud readily pays
for them, though he is fast sinking into insolvency, and is already an
eklcily man. Children of various ages, a\ ho testified when the litigation
first began, now lead into court theu* own children, who are nearly as old
as wore their parents at the time they made theii* first bows to the courts.
The farmer's are growing old, their money has leaked away through the
various legal crcA-ices and found its way into other hands ; homes have
heon made poorer in every way, and still the case is dragged through the
todioua channels of the law, with but little more chance of a settlement
thi^u there was fourteen years ago."

"After Seven Years in Jail.

]\Ir. Henry A. Frost, who was discharged from Ludlow street jail by
•^uilije Aruoux on December 28, after seven yeai-s' imjirisonment, ob-
tained yesterday from the supreme court of Kings county an order de-
claring all the proceedings against the petitioner and his clients, through

. [ :■ ■ ^

-14_— i.

:k;

■i'" ■

482

Courts ix Californu and the States.

■which he was incarcerated, to be niill and void. "It has taken me seven
years to find ont whether I could be imprisoned legally for i)roteetiiii,'
a client," said Mr. Frost to a Ilcrdld reijoiier. "My im^jrisonment 1ms
broken np my home, alienated my friends, rained my business, and left
me i^raetically a beggar, with a broken down eonstitutiou."

"The reason why the Willows (Cal.) Justice of the Peace attem^jtcd to
assassinate one of the constables with a knife, is said to be that tlio
constable did not bring his business into that Justice's court."

" Shroder has been acquitted for the murder of Le Fevre at Oakliiiid,
The jury were out from Friday night to Monday afti'rnoou. Transitdiy
mania and emotional insanity are now in criminal homicides what four accn
are in draw poker. But only the rich can afford these costly disordtrs.
A biased Judge and a jury to suit are good lu'l2)s. Killing is no muidor
in such cases."

"It is useless to say that justice does its work with anything' liko
comi)leteness. There have been 1517 murders committed in this cdunti'v
this year, as reported by telegrajdi, which, of course, does not include tlio
whole number, whereas during the whole of last year there were l)ut I'Jdd.
As against this awful h.st there have been but 93 persons hanged, tlie ma-
jority of whom were negroes in the south, who may or may not have Ikmu
guilty, and 118 per.sons lynclied, of whom the majority were also soutliciu
negroes, whose guilt was many times in doubt. Assuming that all were
guilty, the punishment of 211 persons where over 1500 murders were com-
mitted is palpably a failure of justice, and shows that the laws or the
methods of executing the laws are not sufficient to deter the conunissioii
of crime. Many of these cases of lynching, and jierhaps the majority (if
them, were due, as the Tribune says, to the fact that the people were ex-
asperated by the failure of justice, and hopeless that any jienalty would In'
administered. They have, therefore, in the very rage of despair, taken
the law into their own hands, and shut off the customary avenues of eseaiio
by quibbles, delays and technicalities. "

"The Pistol.

]))•. I. S. Kiillocli'a Lninn; on /As' Usn and Abuse, was delivered i.t

Unieu Hall last evening to a vei'y large audience A tragedy was

again enacted in this city. I am going to try the courts and net the
case. I know little about the case, but I know enough about it to know-
that it belongs to that kind for which there exists great ijrovocation- duo
that will cause such cases to increase rather than dimini.sh, and calls for
some one to characterize it as it deserves. In short, I arraign our jud;j;es.
courts and lawyers, with their technicalities, delays, and procrastiuations
as the grand inspiration of the nu)st colossal and calamitous class of crimes
with which our community is afllicted. I refer to the crimes that roek
society to its foundation and threaten to looseu the very groundwork of
civil order. How much of this responsibility is due to the coui'ts ? Is

I'- :

. I

takt'ii me scvon
for in-otoc'ting

priaonmont has

isincsH, ami loft

m."

arc attempted to
to lie that tlio

pYve at Oaldiiml.
lou. Transit! iiy
^swliat four iicfs
costly (lisonlfi-s.
iiig is uo luuvdor

itU anytliiuK like
!(1 in this counti'v
iS not iuclutli' tlio
ire were bi^t l"2<it'i,
I haugod, the mw-
iiay uot have hi'fu
.vore also southoru
dug that all wi'vo
urilers were I'oiu-
,t the laws or tlio
the comiinssiou
the majority oi
,0 people were ex-
poualty would ho
of despair, taluni
lavcuues of oscaiio

Courts in California and the Staies.

483

justice 00 admiuistereil as to secure respect to its officers ? Are the courts
morally responsible for these startUug ciinies ? I thiuk they are, and I
arraign them for this fearfiil misdemeanor. The •whole jiiry system,
grand and petit, has outlive«l its usefulness. Our jury methods aro
defective and need reforming. That their dcfeda tire dangerous to tho
public i)eaee is avoU known to everybody exi'ept antediluvian judges,
conservative lawyers and post-plioeoue philosopluu's. Propi'rty, lift! and
liberty are at the mercy of corrupt jurors when deputy oilicials liav(*
tlie opportunity to carry on a little business of their own. The peupio
need not dread the soldier, the i)riest, tho editor, tho millionaire or tho
devil, if there is only an oi)en field and a fair fight. Tho man to bo
dnnuled is the shyster lawyer, and tho jiower to be feared, a corrupted
court. Tho courts aro the sheet anchor of the Ive2)ublic, and when they
are gone everything is gone. To bo resi)ccted, tho courts must bo rc-
spectjible. There must be no more such decisions as tho 8-to-7 decision,
whereby a man who was elected President was defrauded of liis oilieo.
Tlie courts should get out of the bogs of technicality and bo what they
aro intended to be, courts of justice. Tho merits of a case are lost sight
of in the legal (piibbli's listened to by the comts. A case m i)oint is
that of the man who had a railroad contract and spent his fortune in
the work. For sixteen years ho tried to have his claim adjusted by tho
courts. He recovered judgment four times, but each time it was set
aside on a technicahty. Despondent, poor, exasijomted, he sent a human
boing to his grave and himself to a felon's cell. If the courts had not
Ir'ou derelict in their duty, could not justice have been administered to thia
man in sixteen years and the crime averted V" Tho lecturer next re-
ferred to tho insolence of lawyers toward witnesses, which seems to be
uot only allowed, but encouraged by the judgtis. Ho had seen attorneys
badger and abuse simi)le-hearted men and honest women who fell into
tlieir clutches on the witness stand, and if they attempted fo resent tho
impudence of the lawyers, the court immediately admonished them to
go slow or they would be imnished for contempt. He knew of ono
attorney in this city who was frecpiently engaged simply because his
tyeswere monstrosities, and he could disconcert witnesses when he turned
liis gaze full upon them. He considered that the glaring wrongs of tho
courts were a prolific cause of crime. It is a common thing to hear men
say on the streets that the courts ought to bo abolished and the 2)eople
form Vigilance Committees and take the law into their own hands. Many
inactical merchants prefer to compromise unjust claims rather than go to
law, simply becau.se they fear the uncertainty of tho administration of
justice. Mr. Kallot h attributed the alarming decay of self-resi)cct to
tho crushing out of the seuso of honor by law. Genteel bummers,
blackmailers and vagrants have their carcasses protected by tho courts, and
iiic saved from incarceration and labor by tho judges, while the big-hearted
mau whose self-respect and honor were being t(jyed with by Iho judiciary

!^i

.^v^^

■: ' ' 3

I'l

t i

484

CouuTs IN Califohnia and the States.

AviiH ilrivoii to seek redress in i-riine Instead of '"I'lity it is tochuifiility,

and it is no wouder that meu are driven to suicide and murder."

"Law vers have lieen as powerful in the courts, in many instances, us
in the h't^islatures. They have sometimes o\nied judges and thus got siuli
ruhuf^a from the bench as they desired. At other times, hy their suix rinr
intellectual force, or force of will, they have tyrannized over judges, uud
thus carried on their unequal warfare aj,'ainst the i)ublic. "

From ti Governor's MeHsuffe.

"The laws, owing to careless ['?] legislation and decisions of tlu'
courts, are in such a state of confusion that it is very diflicult even for ex-
perienced members of the bar to arrive at any definite conclusion in rcganl
to tlit-.a, much less can a <'itizeu exactly determine the rules that govern
his conduct, or the laws that guarantee his rights and privileges."

[Siii>j>ose then' are 100,000 liwi/ers in the United Sttttes, and that each mi
an averaije, dimili/ am/ indireclli/, danKujen the jx'ople $10,000 ; see howvudl,
that is: ^100,000 X 810,000- «il,000, ()()(), 0(M) ereri/ j/ear! and sai/, u-h-'lh,;-
or not, the whole horde should he abolished':' The clekks of the conns

COl-LU BE REQTIIUED TO DO, AT SLIOHT EXPENSE, THE NECE.SSABY CLEIilCAL
WORK. ETC.. llEIiOXOINO TO A SUIT.

. i

lis teebuifulitv,

nler."

luy instaui'cs, us

u\ tllUS got KUill

)y their KUix'iii'r
m'l- jutlges, auil

ileeisious of the
Ifult even for ex-
ic'lusiou in rcguril
mih's that govcjiu
ivih'gos."
■s, (Old that f'li-h nil
000; see howvinrh
and sin/, vln'lhn-
ss OF THE conns

SCESSARY CliEKKAL

CHAPTER XXVI.

]<ig hinil Htt-als in Washington. — "rMghty i>cr cpiit. of tho entries in ono
district franduh'ut. " — How this is aeeoniphslied, ami who can ih) it
with inii)nnity. — Also showing what sliouhl bo "between tho lines"
in the newsi)aj>er press.

W HILE it was a difficult matter for a liomebuilcler to acquire
and hold eveu a quarter section of land, masonic individuals
and gangs by their prostitution of the Government and secret
influence at court were given, or allowed to steal, millions of
acres of the people's rightful heritage. This is so notorioiis
that I only need to quote from the press to make it plain and
evident to all.

"There is no doubt, and there can be none, that tho pnblie lands have
been plundered in tho most bold and iinblnshing manner. Tho testimony
of every man who has inve.stigated the snbjeet is to this efteet, and there
is uo citizen of Washington who is not oonvineed of it. Tho evidence given
(111 V. is point by this special agent maybe quoted as indicative of that
wliii'h has been given by tliousands of others [without ett'ect because the big
tliit'ves are linked masons]. In an official rejiort he said: 'It is my
dliiuion ihai full If Ji/t If pi' !• crnf. of the entries in this (tlie 01ymi)ia) district
;U(' colbusive, and therefore f I'aiidnlent. ' Was it not necessary to set a '
closer Avatch on the thieves'? Eveiy journal in tho Unitt>d States which
1ms been outspoken in belialf of popular rights sustains the action of Coni-
niissiouer Sparks. Every ono which owes its allegiance to corrupt [ma-
sonic] power, joins in the chorus against him, [and ho was kicked out of
iitlico for exposing the rank perjury and stealing of the linked masons, and
the masonic-ridden couris 8hielde<l the ciiniinals. ]

* *

[House of Representatives, Washington.] — "Cobb moved to pass the

liill repealing the pre-emption, timber-ctiltnre, and desert land acts

PavHon tleclared that during tho past towv yeai-s >i inety per cent, of the
eutries of land under these acts had been fraudulent."

* *

"Some of the down Sound papers are expressing a gi"eat deal of vir-
tuous indignation over the probable escai)e of J . , and other [masons] from
oonviction upon charges of frauds in connection with timber land entries,
riuse same papers, in common witii other [masonic] pai^ero j this laud
ilistriet, have willingly accepted and published the notices ecessary to
appear sixty days before timber land entiies can be perfected, for whicli
tliey asked and received very liberal pay, and in doing this had abundant

: i

•

486

Bio L.vnd Stkalh in "VVASHiNaroN.

kw^

'IP'

I't

St 1F • ~ Wi"

( I

Ol)l)ortniiities of Hatisfviii}^ thi'iiiHolvos Unit iiu)st of snrh cntrioH w«'r« iimdo
iu the iiitoreslH of [iuiihoiim] uikI that only in cxccptioniil (mhos wuh it cx-
ix'ctfd that the imlividiuilH taking tho claiuiH wouhl hohl thoni. [Tlio
laml ollicc ofllcials also being iiniHonH would uud do Hhut their eyes to
frauds of their brethron, l>ut outsiders are Hnat<died up quick enoui^'Ii.]
Nearly every mill t'ouii)any and large buyer of timber landw was as iiiuch
f;,iiilty of fraud as J. . or any other land agent who aeted for his prineiimls
ill seeuriiig large and valuable tracts of timber land. It is folly to attemiit
to make one or two men [when they are masons] tiie scapegoats for all tlit;
hill ners who have been guilty of 'irregulanties ' iu connection with liiinl
eutries.

The i)ublic laud laws art; only so many legalized methods of offeiiii^'
Itn-miums upon fraud <ui(l jx'rjitri/, and until these laws are ditl'ereiitly
framed, evasions, false swearing and tnckery will be prevalent in the
taking up of 2>ublie lands."

[And they will 1 xi j list as prevalent no matter how tin; laws are framed,
BO long as iinisiiii.-i (inil (iilil-J'i'llt>if>i arc tin- lanil ami cnini aljiviah ir/m arc
$ecrelli/ sirnm lo h'l'p tlieir ring brothers' niTri'ls.

Wheuf'vcr laud is secured by fraud it is wtdl kuowu Iu the ueighlior-
hood of the land thus stolen, and the erimes can easily be proven ; uiul
vlu'U outsiders go after such "lu-emiums" (?j thisisdone witha veiigeiuuo
aud for bh)od, aud they an; made scapegoats for all the ring thieves iuthe
country ; stripped of all tlii'lr jiroperty, if they have any, by the cmirt
g'ang, and then frequently sent to iirisou to reflect on the unequal jiistico
(which is udt Jnslin) they are suH'ering, and to relate the much worse aud
stronger cases against ring men steeped iu crime tliat were "acipiitted,''
or laid ari'r la acjuit })Y the same jury or court. Aud the laud of the out-
eider is restored to the (rovi^rument even after patents have been issued
aud it has changed hands to difl'ereut outsiders — "inuoceut i)urchasei's "

aud iu "good faith."]

* *

'•It has beeu stated over and over again that the [ring] iieo]deof

^lympia were intimately conueeted with these laud fraiuls ; that they hud

ermeated society, had contaminated servants of the Government, pia-

•uic] citizens of the town, one and all. So general has become this cou-

etion with the fi'auds that their investigation has beeu all butimi)()ssilili'.

< jstaclcs are put iu the Avay, movements made are squelched, and a snp-

' essiou of the facts resorted to in all cases," [where the gaug is cmi-

cerned. ]

For example I give this. — "The [farce] trial of J., which commenced
a week ago [at the expense of the people wliich means i)rofit to the gaug]
termmated yesterday iu the disagreement of the [ring] jury. J . . had
l)cen indicted for obstructing justice by removing to British Columbia a large
number of imi)oi'taut witnesses iu the cases of con8i)iracy to defraud the (lev-
emment by making fictitious land eutries, pending against J . . ,"\V . . ,D . . ,15 • •

Bio Land Steals in Washinoton.

487

uud P. . . Tlui trial of W. wiiHcomineneeilWodnosday, but for want of Hufli-
cii'iit eviiUuu'c the Jiuljjo iliroi'tcd tho Jury to biint^ iu uvLTilict of uot
ffuilty, which wiw tloiu'. An onlor of uoUh pros, wiis euteroil iu tho cnsea
of J., and 1>. . for tho hhuio ri-ason, and thoy woro dischar^^od. Tlio
()l_vnii>ia attorneys 1'... and K. . . wi'r«» aUowiMl a cliaii^o of vcnuo to
()lynii>ia. [Whore, of course, their court hretlireu "aci|uitted " tlieni.
One of them was prosecuting attorney at tho tiiuc — that is, ho prosecuted
oiitsidi'rs, and wa' a ch)se friend and inthientiid brother of tho (iovernors,
w Idle thoy would . -.oW at the will of wholo oonimuuitios of good citizens. |

" h'lnl (if ihc Timhi'r Fraud Suits. — Owing to the fact that nearly all
the inii>(irtant witnesses in tho cases against J. . and his i>als had been in-
duced to leave tho country, U. S. prosecuting attorney [Mason) consiiU'rcd
it expedient to dismiss tho cases against tho partitas, as it is almost im-
jiossibh' to get a conviction wlien the opposite parties have nioiu^y [or be-
long to tho gang] unless tlio evidence is ovorwl:elnungly conclusive of
guilt, antl even tlien a prosecution ofli'n /nils.'''

I But aro such gentry any tho loss criminals than those witliout money
or ring inlluonco at court, who go to prison 'i And is tliis justice 'i

What does a Jury that is selected by ^Masons to try (?) a Mason or
Olid Follow, or an outsider against one of tho gang, cai'o for evidence V

Excoi)t as a /no jilitin v.rposure to the people, evidence neither am nets nor
(iri/"its in Hin:h eases. A iiacked Jury is governed by other influences and
obhgations than evidence or their oath to do justice.]

"It will be s(!eu that i)roseeutiug attorney [linked Mason] and his
liiw i)artner [chief of tho 'bar'] were indicted by the (irand Jury on the
liiut of the U. S. for obstructing justice. W. J. . . aiul several of his con-
fcilerates were arrested for eousi)iracy against the (lovernment iu making
fraudulent entries on largo bodies of timber land. Four of tho witnesses
cuuld uot furnish tho bonds and were i)lacod in tho i)eniteutiary until
court should convene. It now transpires that t.vo or throe days before
court met, certain men [Masons] not only furnished $800 cash bail for tho
rcl.'ase of these witnesses, but chartered a steanxn' to go to the penitentiary,
tii e the witnesses and convey them to British Columbia. Messrs. 1*. 11. .
uiu J. . aro iharged Avith having concocted and carried out the scheme."

[There were i)lenty of other witnesses to bo had, besides those that
were sinrited away, but they were not wanted to testify against the gang.
And there was also i)lenty of proof to be had against the guilty parties
who did the spiriting; but to produce such proof would be in violation of
their secret-ring oaths "/o keep their brothers' secrets!" And thus are the
most vile and dangerous criminals kei)t out of jjrison, and even "vindi-
cated." (?)

Listen to this ! from a Masonic paper that would pull on a rope to
lynch an outsider, less guilty of a like oflence.]

r » > » I

ill

LI '

1
f
I

488

Big Land Steai,s in Washingtidn.

"The Press expressed its confidence wlieu [lu'other] J. . was assailed
by liis enemies, that there Avas nothing in the case against him. Wii hud
ascertained to onr [Masonic] satisfaction that he was guilty of not liing
move ihan t(;cIi)iicfili7Tiyi(larili/ or in ail of suffivitnit (tdhemur. to thefovim
prcscvifx'dfor f/orfnnueiital liiishit'ss. " [?]

[l?ut when outsiders do the same thing, it is do<>lared and decreed to
be rolihrrii, iwrjiiry and treason ! And tlu'v are sent to prison for long
terms — wliich is tlieir congratulation. ]

"Our judgment has been confirmed by the [packed] Grand Jury
which has dismissed the charges against [the brother] and found 'not a
true bill. ' There will be entire unaninnty ]i(>re [among the jiagan brethren]
in congratidating Mr. J. . . upon this comph-tt! [V] vindication." [?J

[Are not such criminals Avho are thus " Aiudicated " [?] by Masonic
ridden courts and press, more chuigerous to the community and State tlmu
the plain, common burglar, against whom people lay in wait with shotguns?
Then, whv discriminate bi'tirci-u them V

* *

" The land stealings of tlie [Masonic] Mill companies during the ))ast
few years have been estimated by a com2)etent and well-informed pcrsdii
as high as 300,000 acres, Avorth on an average SlO an acre, [which shonlil
have been preserved for (trtuul settlers under the Homestead act, and let
them make what they could out of the timber growing on tlie tillable land.
to h(dp tiiem in building their home, and the rest they could pre.servo fen
the benefit of their children. ] Tins !i?3,000,000 worth of land has bei-n
stolen [by Masons, A:c. J from the iieojiie upon whom this Territory de-
pends for its development — the hard working settlers who go into tlie
woods and hew out farms and liomes."

^'To accomplish this enormous fraud, the [INIasons] have employed re-
gtilar agents, who have opi-idj/ solicited individuals to make eutnes nt
timber lands and for that service have paid from ^50 to SlHO jier (piartei-
.section." [And thus "ojieuly" committed jjcrjury and subornation of
perjury, fraud and con.si)iracy. But having the Government and courts
prostituted, they could do this with impunity, and get to be blacklett
Governors with their plunder. ]

"All the talk of suing amounted to nothing. I am guarded in

my language when I say that in more than thirty years of (experience in
lumbering in California, Oregon and Washington, and thus seeing over
fifty efjually and often times greater suits begun, t//f>/ all ffll tlnvwjh.
Tlii'i/ amoitiit to iiot/iiiii/."

[They should at least oi)en the eyes of the peoi)le to the prostitution
of the Government and courts by members of secret brotherhoods wlio""
sworn to kerp each otfin-'s criiiiiiud si-cri'ls.]

"Sometimes they are settled, fully as often they are withdrawn. I
have known the most stupendous fraud.s — such, for instance, as the I'ii;

Big Land Steam in Washington.

480

timber steal at Humboldt Bay. Tlif. chaiyes were true, but yet nothing
was (lone. I know that not one of these cases was imsheil to conviction,
and I liave no fears of this case." [When Aptnesses are \)ent on exjicsing
sui'h ring thieves, jobs are frequently put up against them, and these fi the
cases are "pu.shed to conviction." Whereupon the blackleg Governor
smiles and smiles and declares "we have a good judiciary," and that tlie
"peoi)le clamor" for the punishment of such victims-, and join the jirison
contractors in sucking their heart's blood and diiving iron into their souls
and a Haming desire of vengeance. ]

* *

■X-

"All g'"od citizens will rejoice that commissioner Sjiarks has deter-
mined to check the rascally operations of the [Masonii'j mill companies in
tlio future and to hold them to account for their past crimes. It is noto-
lions here on Puget Sound, so notorious as not to excite remirk. that
liiuidreds of thousands of acres of the best and most valuable timb.-r land
iu the territory have i)as8ed and are j-et passing into the hands of the
[Masonic] mill companies, by means of fraud and perjury."

" This accumulation of immense bodies of land i:\ the hands of a few
woidthy [I'.nd clanish] owners, is in it.self a fratid upon the Govermiient
and the jjoople. It wati never the intention of our land laws to create a
landed aristocracy, and by so doing to withhold from settlement and im-
pidvement large areas of country. On the contrary, their object was ami
is to distribute the public land in small quantities among a large niinilx'r
iif peojde, to be by them imi)roved and made into homes and farms. [But
the prostituted court steps in with its fraud, its bar (?) and expeusi\e
jugglery, :aid gives license to ring thieves to override the laws and people.]

"The [Masonic] comiianies. by hiring transient employees and sailors
to file claims upon government land, to falsely swear that the necessary
imjirovenK'nts have been made, and ui)on receiving a <'ertificate from the
In, id office, [which would not be given for the benefit of outsiders in the
fiice of such l)are-faced peijury and subordination of perjury, but only to
ling brothers of the land office oilicials.] to convey the land to their cm-
pliiyors for a song, are gobbling up government land to hold. This steady
mill rapid stealing of the most conveniently located timber lands has bcm
going on for many years, until now the mill companies have a practical
monopoly of the timber land near enough to tide water to be at present
available. This gives them an advantage over the loggers, which they are
uotslow to avail themselves of. This is the way the [Masonic] mill com-
panies fleece the loggers: A logger applies for a contract to furnish a
I'oom of logs. If he has timber of his own, he is told that the [Masonic)
mill company has pK aty of [stolen] timber. Unless, therefore, he will
cut logs on the mill company's [stolen] land, at their own price for
stnmpage, he must put iu his own tind)er at a price to bo fixed by the
jMusonic] company. 'Furnish your own timber at our jirice, or cut logs
on our [stolen] land at our ju-ice.' says the I^Iasonic] company to the

ill

'it

^ '-x

'f ;

t' \

<. ■

1 *•■

Iff' : il

IWIi!

U I'i

490

Big Land Steals in Washington.

logger. Sometimes the logger takes one, sometimes the other. In cither
case the jjrice is so regulated as to leave him a bare subsistence, ■while with
the enormous jirofits of the transaction accruing to the [Masouif] mill
companies, they buy ships, hire perjurers to helj) steal more land, aiul buy
oft" government officials. [The same, being generally brother masou.s, nro
sworn to ' keep and never reveal' these ring secrets. Otherwise sucli cor-
ruption would be more dangerous to themselves and less liable to cjcur, j
( 'ommissioner Sparks will fail to n^dress the wrongs to which we have ad-
verted, unless he avoids the mistake of selecting [Masons] to I'onduct the
investigation and appoints men of integrity."

[The gang had secret influence enough at Wasliington to have tSparks
kicked out, as soon as he began to make trouble for the thieves.]

* *

"This [Masonic] mill company owns (?) some 80,000 aciv;; of

timber land, about 500 acres of it being around the mill."

m It if '

'it.

■I ^H

"What has become of the im2)rovements on each quarter section of
land owned by some of the mill comi)anics ? Tlie improvenumts must be
there on the land, for the employees of the [Masonic] mill companies Imve
sworn it. Certainly! But where are they ? "

* *
*

"Where are the five hundred men that took up the land now owuoil

by one of the great | Masonic] mill companies, and used as an iusti'uiiirnt

to o2)press loggers and ethers engaged in and connected with the lumber

business ? Echo answers, ' Where ? '"

* *
*

"If ff)urteen years imprisonment in the penitentiary at hard liihor is
a i)roper i)uuishnu'nt for a poor [outsider] Avho, under the stress of teiap-
tution and cold Aveathei', takes an overcoat that does not belong to liiiu,
Avliat ought to be done wiih a [Mason] or gang of [JMasons] for steiiling
land worth two millions of dollars ? "

[The blackleg (jovernors, in their annual reports to the Secretmy of
the Interior and in their messages to the Legislature, had never a wonl to
say as to these and other robl)eries </(»i<; hi/ llicir riiKj hre/hrcii, wliili> tliey
gloated over and increased the misery and destruction of those wlio in their
distress and distrac^tion had stolen only a coat or a pair of blankets.]

[Large bodies of prairie land is likfiwise stolen by mendiers of the
gang, shielded by the prostituted courts and glorified by the ring press ou
account of their "ability and enterprise;" while outsiders wlio only desire
to gain a few hundred acres honestly for their homes, are stigmatized a.s
hogs and made objects of attack and plunder.]

!'■*!

blier. In cither
teuce, -wliilo with
) [Masonic-] mill
re lanil, and buy
ther maaonH, nre
icnvise such I'or-
liable to occur.]
liich ve iiiivc lul-
i] to vondui-t the

u to have Sparks
hiovos. J

s 80,000 acre;; of

piartor section of
jvemtmts must he
11 companies havt

land now owirhI
as au iiistrmiii'ut
1 with the lumber

at hard hilmr is
|ho stretss of tciap-
lot belong to liiiu,
ions] for stealing

the Secretary of

|l never a word to

|///(v;/(, while they

Ithose whoin tlicir

If blankets.]

members of the

the ring press ou

who only desire

L-e stigmatized us

CHAPTER XXVII.

Big land steals in Oregon, California, etc. — How it is done there. — Brazen
perjury and nobody i)uuished. — The reason. — Wagon road Swindles.
— Sink arte.siau wells to irrigate "swamp lands." — " T/irce-quartars nf
the land titles /I'dudidenl." — Murdering Lomebuilders, etc.

' J3ETWEEN 1804: and 1869 several grants of land were made [to gangs
of masons] for wagon roads in Oregon. The [gangs] failed to construct
the roads as required, and in some cases no road had b('(>u built, <dlltouijh
tlic. \>'in<j\ Oovernor had cerlifit'd to coiiatrndiou and u Duplet ion.

A special agent who made a personal examination of one of these
rtiads and took aHidavits of citizens, rei)orted construction a mere 2>retext,
a,m\ that ior one httndred miles he could not find the tnice of (i roctd. Up-
ward of 410,000 acres were patenttxl to the [gang] in 1883, after this special
nport had been made.

Patents were issued to another like gang after information had been
received that the charter of the comimny had been dissolved by i)roceed-
iugs in the State courts. The Oregon Central AYagon road Avas located for
a considerable distance through territory to which the Indian title had not
luH'U extinguished, but the lands were i)atented to the gang [by their pagan
brethren in oflice at Washington] and over 1()U,()00 acres were certitied
which are within the permanent Indian reservation.

" ^[arch lith, 18SH.--T\w Secretary of the Int(>rior to-day sent to the
President the report of J. B. McXamee relative to land grant Avagon roads
ill Oregon. The report shows that grants of laud were made by Congress
iu 1804 and 18()0 to aid in the construiition of these roads, over 2,-'J00,000
acres. The rejxjrt shows that n<nie (f these roads were ever eoustrut'ted,
although several [masonic] (loveruors of the State certitied to their com-
pletion, [for the benefit of their brethren of the gang].

On these certificates of the [masonic] Governors, patents liavt! l)i>eii
issued to these [pagan brethren] for 1,000,000 ai-res.

"Immediately ou securing certificates of completion, [by prostituted
iim,s()nio Governors], the land grants were sold, with a view to jjuttiug the
lauds in the hands of nominally 'innocent (V) purchasers,' [and to thus
secure the i»rotectiou of the nuisouic i)rostituted coxirt.s, the 'good judi-
ciary.'] "

" With the report the Secretary submits a draft of a bill to bi* \n-'^-
sented to Congress, repealing all of said granting acts, declaring forfeited
all rights and titles and claims thereunder, and I'estoring to the publics do-
iiiaiu all lauds granted, excepting such as may have been sold to innocent
purchasers who are actual settlers, to the extent of one section to each of
8uuU purohasers. The bill directs the Attorney -General to institute suit

I'^B^^H

Tin I

.< I

492 Big Land Steals in Oregon, California, etc.

to cancel all patents ami certifications ixnder said acts, with the exceptiou
stated above. "

[Bnt there were too many of the gang brethren behind the Pre^side^t,
in Congi'ess and the couris, to recover the stolen property, and punish the
perjurers and thieves. And this, M'hile small, jilain burglary and ijcnjuiy
of outsiders is held to be and punished as a crime without mercy or

charity !]

* *
*

" In a letter to Sparks, T. S. Lang tells how the lands of Oregon have

been seized upon and held by [linked i)agan gangs]. The N. P. li, the

W. V. and C, M. ; the D. M, and the Oregon Military road. These

gangs, almost without a shadoic '/law, hold lands as follows : The X. P.

B. holds in Oregon alone 279 tonm&liips ; the W. V. and C. M. wagou road,

1-44 townships ; O. M. wagou road, 143 to\vushii)a ; the D. M. wagou mad,

lO-i townships, aggregating 739 townships, each containing 23,000 acres,

aggregating 17,000,000 (/tve.s."

* *
*

" Hoic the;/ [the linked masons] <ln it. — How many acres of 'swamp
land ' do you suppose is held by one [mason] in this State ? How many ?
Guess ! Not niauy pei-sons would guess a million acres. But they would
have to multiply this by thirteen to get at nearly the amount. O. . is uow
holding over thirteen millions of acres of 'swamp (?) laud,' and he has sold
uijwards of 600,000 acres, on which he has i)aid twenty per cent, of tlie
purchase \mve. On the other 13,000,000 acre farm he has not paid a cent,
nor is the State or Government deriving a cent of revenue from this land.
On one filing he 'took up' 1,336,000 acres, which laud extends, in town-
ships, from six miles east of Lebanon, southeasterly, entirely through the
State. These figures are commended to the point of investigation, aiul a
refutation of their truthfulness challenged." — Astoriau.

[Such are the jmwtiad workings of secret sworn brethren as qificinh in
our Governments loitl courts.^

"In a valley, thirty miles long, ditches were dug from the stream, dams
l.uilt, the laud flooded, and then taken up [by the brethren] under the
swamp land act." [Brazen perjury, its subordiuation by brethren in
office, and their protection by prostituted courts.]

* *
*

"In Harney Valley, Or., is a tract of land which was taken up as
swamp land, but upon which the oAvuer is sinking an artesian well for irri-
gating i)ur2Joses. An e\-St(tte ojficidl holds a large block of these ' swamp'
lands, which, he informed some pos.sibleimrchasers, were "capable of enlti-
vatiou if thoroughly in-igated."

[Tims do mystic lurking blacklegs grow sleek — and influential at
court— with stolen abundance.] "While the poor man [and outsider] is
satisfied with 160 acres and thereby helps to build ui^ a substantial eom-

ii.m%d]

4 ''S!

:li the excejjtiou

ren as qjficiitls in

Big Land Steals in Okegon, California, etc. 493

muuity that euriehes a State by poijulatioii aucl wealth, giving life aud
uctinty to mauy iiulnstries. If he fails to comply -with eveu the techuical
it'i^iiiremeuts of the laud laws, ou accoiiut of siekues.s, jjoverty or iguor-
iiuce of the laud laws [wherein judges disagree] the actual settler who has
luid the courage to go ui)OU laud covered with timber, lea\-iug behind him
frieuds, kindred and society, erect an humble home, endure jjrivations and
suffer great hardships, the pioneer of this western country, in jjaviug the
\vuy for the march of civilization, fi-equently loses his claim. Is there any
justice in this ? Has not Congress [and the courts] favored [masonic]
C'or2)orations and individuals into great iutlueuce ? [Masonic] corixira-
tions [and masonic indi\'idiials and gangs] should be treated as common
individuals."

"Is there any wonder at the murmurings of the people ? If Congress
[and the courts] does not listen to them more they will become as resi.st-
li'ss as Niagara, and then our country will Avitness a crisis Avhii-h will
astonish the world ! " [For " they know their rights, and knowing dare
maintain. "]

" Depredations upon public timber are universal, flagrant and limit-
kss [by members of the gang, outsiders being snatched uj^ and punished
too ipiick]. Whole ranges of townships covered with timber, the forests
at headwaters of streams, and timber land lying along water courses and
railroad lines, have been cut over by [masonic] lumber companies under
preten-se of title derived through pre-emption and homestead entries made
by their employees, and afterward assigned to the comi)anies [of subordin-
ation and perjury.] Steam saw-mills are established promiscuously ou
public lands. Large operators emiiloy hundreds, and in some cases thous-
ands of men, cutting government timber and sawing it up into lumber and
shingles, which, when needed and ])urcha.sed by local citizens, can only
bo obtained by them at inicoa t/orenwil hj/ lliemdrh't rdlnei/ tiinhi't- brotajht
over e.cpcHsire (I'diisjxirtiition ruuica from poi iitu of leijitimate stipphf."

"The Montana [masonic] Improvement company, a coii)oration
.stocked for 82,0(1(),()()0 and in which the N. P. IJailroad Co. is reputed to
be the i)rincii)al owner, was formed in bSSIj for the purpose of monopoliz-
iug the timber traffic in Idaho and Montana, and under a contract with the
railroad company, running for twenty years, has exploited the timber from
ui(siirrfi/f'(l public lands for great distances along the line of said road,
sliijjpnig the i)roduct of the joint trespass and controlling ratos in the gen-
eral market. Suits have been commenced, and others are in progress
airaiust the companies for the recovery of damages to the amount of several
hundred thousand dollars. [Ibit the court officials being masons, the suits
were a farce, and the gangs were protected from puni.shment, while out-
siders were being sent to prison for little crimes.]

"These lands were unsurveyed. No i)atents had been issued for
them. The railroad had not attempted to be detinitely located past the

■: it

I. I,

; ' ■ .. :'

(fcf

^^^mutk

h h •'

^^\

> 1

494 Big Land Steals in Oregon, Caijpornia, etc.

lands iu question until after the dtite hi/ lam, July 4th, 1S77, for its com}>l<-.
tion, and there is no provision of lam hi/ irhich riyhfs can be acquired aflfr
the ej-piralion <f tin t time. Tlio roiul liad not been definitely Iocato<l its
entii'(! loni^th. // hml no rii/J/l to thrse or o/hfr lumls."

"Tho law allowing 'rij;ht of wtiy,' and land grant railroad companies
to obtain timbor and other material for tlio eonstnu-tion of their roads
from public lands adjiwcnt to tho line of tl>o roads was, in effect, extended
to permit timbi-r to bo cut whercjver tli(> [masoniej eomi)auies desired, tin;
word 'adjacent' being interpreted [by the 'good judicially 'J to nicau
practically anywhere in the Unit(Hl States, Such liberality of intcnprcta-
tion, amounting to almost ntdiinilcd j)riril<ys nut warranted hi/ lair, uml
resulting in detriment to tho interests of settlers already iipon tho lauds,
or of i)ersons desiring to settle in future upon such hinds, is entirely dispro-
portionate to the benefit which tliey aro likely to derive from th(! raih'oiids
which have thus been permitted [by tlio i)rostituted courts] to despoil tli(!
lauds of their timber." There have been various misinterpretations of Imv
[by the brethren acting as courts (?)] and rulings and instructions to /mi-
inote and proteet [linked masonic] trespassers upon public timber. [Wliilo
outsiders are stripjied of their i)roperty. ut to prison and held there as
"criminals" by the secret influence of the worthy-grand-chief-criniinals
of the lodge, as scapegoats for their own i)rotectcd crimes.]

*
"B . . , having i)aid men ^50 each for swi-aring on government timber land
Tinder pretense that they were going to live on said land, hut really for
the purpose of surrendering their right to him [if they refused or raised
on tho price they would bo prosecuted for perjury, but complying, thev
are protected by the 'good judicji^ry'] by which he gobbled up (it.OIH)
acres of valuable timber land [the masonic officials, of course, winking
at and concealing the job] was yesterday con^-icted of subordination of
perjury," [he e\-idently had a quarrel with othei-s in the gang, otherwise,
he will not bo i)unished very much, if at all, (N.B. — H(! was turned loose)
and note, the pile he has made at $10 or §20 per acre while under the i)ro-
tection of brethren in office. ]

*
"A man who claims to know, asserts that he knows of his own person-
al knowledge that about three-fourths of all the lands proved up on and paid
for in the last ten years in the United States land office in San Francisco
have been patented contrary to tho laws of the United States."

* *

" According to tne Government reports, in twenty-four townships in

Colorado no evidence was found that any surveys had beeu made, althoup^h

surveys had been paid for [to the brethren]. No work was done under

t'le contract for surveying tho Ut(> Indian lands, l)iit fictitious ficdd notes

[sworn to as genuine | were furnished. N(>arly the whole of the Territory

of Wyoming and large portions of Montana have been surveyed under the

Li.

Bici Land Ste.yls in Oregon, California, etc. 495

[fninduleut] deposit system, and the lauds ou the streams fraudulently
taken up nudcr the desert laud aet, to the exclusion of future settlers de-
siring honn^s in these Territories."

" Among the indictments found are three against the survoyoi general
of San Francisco." [Sucli "indictments" of masons are done for a hlind,
to make some little show, as tluiugh they were subject to the penalties of
law like other m(>n, they being finally — at great expense to the people and
profit to the gang — "aceiuitted" and "completely vindicated," (V) wiiil ■
j)Oor devils of the comnuju people, for stealing a few dollars ojjenly, are
scut to State's jjrisou for life !j

"This Maxwell land grant, called 'the Elkins steal,' oinginally in-
cluded 02,000 acres. Patents wei'o granted to the [masonir ] claimuntssoine
years ago, however, to the amount of nearly tin) inif/idiix of acres. This
faculty of expansion is jieculiar to the [masonic j land-grabbers' posses-
sions. There is always a little more to take in [when the ofUcials are
brethi'en sworn ^ to ever cottc'd ntnl m'rcr n'rcaC] and [masonic j surveyor
gcmerals in the Territories hr.ve been remarkably complaisant in allowing
it. The protests of the citizens of New Mexico who alleged fraud in the
location and boundaries of this claim, receiv(>d no attention. There was
not only no investigation, but the claim was rushed thi'ough the land ollice
by [masonic] oflicials without regard for the interests of the Government
or Iha 7-if/hts of till', occitpants of the land. The [fraudulent^, boundaries were
aeceijted as geuuino, and a domain given to a fraudulent [masonic j syiidi-
cato that would have made comfortable homos for a hnndrcd t/iounaud
jiraplc."

" A great many flaws have been discovered in the robbery by -which
the 2)atents to this land were acquired, and Commissioner Sparks has
availed himself of them to re-open the question of title. [So he was
kickeil out] and the [masonic] thieves have evicted the settlers and rioted
iu jiossession of their ijlunder. "

^ '\ l\i

i '

" It is interesting to note how a modest [secret ring] contract survey-
or could make a milli(jn dollars in so few years. It Avas under the cover
of a law ostensibly designed to facilitate the settlement of public lauds.
It was in fact the device of a cunning [secret] ring of [masons] to
seize uptni largo quantities of the public domain, [under tho protection
of the ' good judiciary.'] "

"It is notorious that large tracts of useless alkali laud were surveyed
iu Nevada, which will not be settled uji in a century's time, and lines
floro alleged to have been run over precipitous and almost inaccessible
mountains. Instead of the [masouii-] ring comjdying with tho law,
which required the surveyor to deposit his original field notes with the
surveyor-general, B. . had a bureau [of brethren] iu this city in Avhich the
field notes were carefully edited. After he bad manii)ulated them they

•1

'mu

1 !

;

t n

496 Big Land Steals in Oregon, California, etc.

were turned over to the snrveyor-general [with a wiuk and «igu] aceom-
pauied hi/ t/ie usual onHi that they were the original fiehl notes."

" Is there any wonder that among the assets of a man who headed
such a ring such items as those sliouhl lignro : 11520 aeros of i):iuntt'd land

$1G5,000. One-tifth interest of stock niueh, Big Horn, §20,000. Five

thousand live hiindred aeres, more or less, ^110,000. Fifteen thousand
aiTos of ' swamp' and overflowed land, ??:57.r)O0. C)ue-thii"d interest in cattlf
niiiches and stock, 8150,000. Six hundred and forty acres of rcdwuod
land. But it is not only the amount of money which the [masonic] riuj;
has ' secured, ' much trouble will result in the future from the liliuf,' of
idats based upon purely imaginary surveys."

"The Chnmidti in vain demanded that the land office at Washington
should investigate and break up the fraudulent system. Irrofragalile
proof of the correctness of our charges was produced, but no notice was
taken of u\\ki\\, hi-canse the WtD^hiniitdn luml (yffice formed part of thi' riict,
[they being masonic brethi'on, of course they could not reveal eav/i iilliri:<
secre/s.]"

"If the tragedy of Friday results in the investigation of this [nia-
sonicj ring, blood will not have beenspiltiu vain.". . . . "Mr. B. . declined
that ' he would live, Goil willing, to steal some few more acres from Uncle
Sam.' Previous to the death of his daughter, a year ago, he was a 2)romi-
neat member of masouri/ and other secret societies,"

* *

"It is not alone in California that antagonisms are growing up lio-
tween [masonic] corjtorate interests [with their siiecial i)rivil(>gesj and
those classed as agrici;ltural pursuits. The farmer feels that his rights are
being invaded alike by the [masonic] railroads and cattlemen. Elsewlicro
the antagonisms are assuming an even more formidable asi)ect. Tlirougli
the monstrous and illegal usurpations of jjublic lands by [masonic] cattle
raising comi>anies, many of them foreign, the citizen of the Western Tti-
ritories is practically denied the possibility in many localities of obtainiuf,'
a homo for himself and family. If he can find a vacant tract which sonie
IKMiniloss cowboy has not pre-emi)tied for his employers, and takes it iqi.
all the ju'essure of [masonic] greed, cruelty and lawlessness, backed In'
unlimited resources, [such as prostituted officials and courts] is oxcnist'd
to drive him away; iudeoil, the scandals of tlie (masonic tainted] Interior
Dojjartment show us that the small farmer has not one chance iu a thous-
and to succ^eed in all that vast domain whore now the beef-grazier has lixod
his gonfalon. Congress has been led [by secret influences] to encom-afc
these spoliations out of all reason and sense of justice. Foreign cattlo-
raising [masonic] syndicates, to sai/ iiothin;/ of our own [(/(iui/s\ control
iihont fffi/ millious of acres of the richest lands on the continent. The ab-
8or2)tion of such vast district ' is not with a view of raising cattle for im-
mediate market supply, but to lay the bases for immense fortunes iu the
future. It is so iu Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. The

Bia Land Stevls in Oueqon, Califounia, ktc. 497

gigautio shadow of these growiug inouopolies has abeatly begun to darkeu
ull the Rocky mouutiiiu country. Yet there are tliousauds of iudividual
citizens, who would ghidly exchange i)overty in over-ijopuhited centres for
comfort on their own acres in the West, if fraud, violence and rajjine [by
the linked masonic gangs and i)rostituted courts] had not kept them out
of their natural birthright."

[By the connivance of secret brethren in office] "There is hardly a
title to one of the tracts of territory used by any one of the large cattle
companies of the West which will bear [honest] insjiection." [And the
same can be said of the large tracts of farming and tindjer lands, acipiired
by gangs and iudividual masons.] "The laud frauds in the West have
grown to such a degree [by the connivance of secret ring officials], that the
honest title has become the exception, ninety per cent, of the eutiies of
land in New Mexico in the last ten years are fraudulent. Lauds would bo
entered [by i)laiu perjury and subordination of i)erjurv] in the names of
people who have never existed, or of people who are dead. Proof would
be submitted in the shape of forged papers [and received as genuine with
a wink by the brethren in office]. After the patent was issued in the name
of the fictitious or dead personage, then, within a few days, a deed of sale
to some [masonic] capitalist would be placed upon record signed with a
forged name of the alleged person to whom the patent was issued, [thus
making it necessary for the gang to secure the election of breth n as
county clerks and auditors as well as to have as land office officials br(>th-
reu who are sworn to * ever conceal and never reveal ' each othex"s secrets] .
Through wholesale ring swindling of this character enormous tracts of
laud have been gotten together. " [Herein can be seen the cause for the
howl against Sparks, by theganganditsjjress, for delaying, pending investi-
gation, the issuing of laud patents, and the secret influence that kicked
Sparks out of office. I never knew of an honest settler complaining of
Sparks; tliei/ are in no hurry about their patents which often remain un-
called for in the laud office for years aft«'r their receipt has been adver-
tised.]

# ■»

" Murdei'iiig honest locn/nrs. — [I give this as an example of what is be-
ing done against the homebuilder in the West and Northwest nil tin- tii>i>\
iu one way or another, on account of the prostitution of the government
offices, which are thus made a flaming, blistering cnrse to the good eiti/en. ]
A letter from a brother-in-law of a m»>nd)er of a former Cabinet, vho is
now in New Mexico, gives an interesting picture of the way one of the

rii'liest valleys was captured The [linked Masonic] ring had their

eves upon this valley for a hmg time. They were the first to get their
agents upon the ground (after the driving out of the Indians), to capture
the entire valley and sell it to an English syndicate. C. . . , the then Judge
of the Supreme Court, F. . . , the Eegister of the Land Office, Surveyor
32

a "\

m -'

\.'\

•i \

498 Big Land Steals in OitEaoN, Caufornia, etc.

IF ) Kr

HP'S'' 'I' ' ' "f

!l ifi;;':' 1

1' -• 'i

General A. . ., U. S. Murshal M. . ., and other [Masonic;] citizens who are
appUcauts for olliiu!, ungiueered the scheme.

By sending ont frauduhmt locators in great numbers they were ahlo
to secure the bettor part of the land in this valley. Tliey fonud one vcrv
important obstacle in their way, however. Two settlers by the uaiiicH of
G. . . and E. . . had located lands near two of the most iilentiful si)riiiL;s in
the valley. The [gang] found tliat it was necessary to have these spring's
in oi'dcr to negotiatis the sale. The young Kansas City men refused to
sell their claims. They were so well satisfied tliat tlicy had made up their
minds to live and die in the American valley. So a charge was triuiipcil
wp by the U. S. ^Marshal against the hohlcirs of the land near the vuluuhli'
fipnngs, and two deputy marshals were sent to make the arrests. The V.
S. Marshal was in the plot to obtain these lauds, and so, as is alleged, wus
the [Masonic] Judge. It was e\ident that they had the i)()wcr to harass
and annoy G. . . and E. . . into giving up their valuable locations. Tlu;
two deputies sent out were very desperate characters. No one charges
that the [IMasonic] ring directed them to kill the two locators, but it was
well understood that they had tinlimittid authority in enforcing the order
of arrest. The two locators were plucky men. They doubtless under-
stood the bogus order of arrest, [as such jobs are very common], and re-
fused to obey it. The [Masonic] secret of the struggle at the sjirings luis
never been made; known. The two locators were killed. There is no
doubt that they were killed by the tAvo [brethren] who were sent out to
arrest them. IVIessrs. C. . . and M. . ., who were members of the conibinii-
tion to capture these lands, were seen in the neighborhood of (r. . . 's place
the afternocm of the murder. The bodies of the two locators were left as
they were shot for .six or eight days, before the murder became jrabliely
known. Mean:vhile the two deputies had been furnished with two horses
and plenty of money and had esciaped. [Of course, they feared nothing'
from the Masonic courts, but the people woiild have lyni-hed them and.
perhaps, would also have lulled the ' good judiciary,' which needs kilhiig.j
A great excitement followed the discovery of the murders. [In si)ito of
the ring i>re.S3 that lied about the facts, threw dirt in the eyes of the iieople
ixuil justified the 'officers of the law.'] Public oi^inion forced the GoveriKH
to offer a reward for the arrest of the two ' officers of the law,' [wliii h is
very unusual.] They were afterwards arrested, but were released by tlie
gang, who attacked the jail and let out all of the prisoners, [withimi)iiiiit_v,
because the county officials were brethren.] When the liveryman wlie
furnished the horses to the escaping murderers learned for what purpose
they had been used, he went to Judge C. . . and demanded pay for bi.-
horses. He also j) referred the same reqtiest to the then Surveyor Geuei'al.
They tried to resist his claim, but he told them that, if they did, Jtc inmhl
tell all that he knew about the American Yalley transaction. His claim was
paid.

It is needless to sav that the land stained with the blood of tAvo honest

H Hid

ETC.

tizciis ^vllo are

tlioy wpr(> a1)lo
found one very
(y tlio uaiiH'S (if
itifnl spring's in
vo tlieso Hpriiij^s
men rofnscil to
(1 made np tlicir
^0 "was triuniii'il
icar the valualili'
arrests. TUe V.
xs is allef:;cil, wiis
1 power to harass
. hx-atious. Till'
No one cliarp;os
lators, hut it wus
iforeing the order
douhttess nnder-
-ommon], and re-
at the spriuKi^ l'^^^
ctl. There is iv<
■were sent out ti>
•s of the eoiuhiiw-
0(1 of (I. ..'s place
lators were left as
• l)oeame publicly
'cl with two horses
>v feared notliiuj.'
ynehed them aiul
ieh needs killing.;
lers. [In spite of
eyes of the pei-pl''
reed the Governor
he law,' [which is
re released hy tlie
•8, [with impunity,
lie liveryman wlm
for what purpo-^o
inded

pay

for

1:;.^

sur

veyor General
Ithey did, he >'■
In. His claim

was

lood of two honest

Bia La.n'D Stfals in Oiieoon, Califounia, ktc. 499

Hctth'rs was finally captured [?] by this [Masonic ] gang, and sold by them
to a body of English caintalists for a largo sum.

That the Government will ever bo able to get at tho real facts of the
case, so as to award tho jiroijor i)uuishment and to set aside these fraudu-
lent titles, remains to be seen. Higli social iuiluem-es and i)o\verful [liidi-
iil secri'tj ones stand bi-tweeu these men and i)unishment. It must be re-
membered that tho \Miis()nic\ iiijiueiices o/ both political part icn in Un'. trrri-
lurit's work hmul in hdnd to airrif out scltrmi's of jilundvr. [Witness un-
case. ]

Some of tho largest fortunes of Washington have been made in thi.s

rich and fruitful field of the public lands (and perjury, at the exi)ense and

often the hearts' blood of homebuilders.] To be Surv(^yor (Jeneral of a

territory for even a short time, has been enough to secure an indepeudeut

fortune."

* *

"One of tho richest [Masons] in Wasliington to-day is General B. . .
He is a jjolished, diplomatic gentleman who has represented us abroad.
I asked tho source of his fortune and was informed tliat lie was once Sur-
veyor General in California, at which tiiue he laid tho foundation of his
fortune. A gentleman who recently })assed over tlie Southern Pacific iJail-
road said, that when he i-eached a certain i)lace in California, tho :!onduc-
tor called tho i)assengers' attention to the fact that th(>y were riiling
through the domain of General B. . . For an hour this swift moving tniiu
was in constant sight of his %uds. "

[But the courts are clogged when they undertake to work against the
interest of such brethren.

Instead of killing settlers on the spot, to steal and ravage their homes,
it is found to be more profitable to the gang to drag them into court (V)
which is the more usual way; when they are betrayed and robbed by their
attorneys (V), 'members of the bar,' (court gang), and railroaded through
to State's prison, the officials of which l)oing brethren in the gang. And
then by these brethren, exerci.sing a censorship over tho victims' letters,
tlio real facts in the cases can be concealed from tlie pubUc (as in my case),
while the robberies are being completed, the plunder sjjent or secured,
aud the grasping midnight gentry grow sleek with stolen abundance, while
their victims are waiting, sufi'ering and i)leading in vain for justice !]

"Beware, my Lord, of jealousy.

It is the green-eyed monster, which doth make

The meat it feeds on. "

*
"The acting commissioner, in making this report to Congress, says
that the [numerous] cases mentioned are to be regarded as merely 'in-
dicative of the situation.' There has never been any si)ecial investigation
to determine the entire amount of public lands thus illegally held. Re-
iiortfl from various agents printed in the document just mentioned, show a

f ■"..

\i ' 1

fl)^

l-luV

■f ,

! [|

.1'

1 1

500 Bia Land Steals in Ohe<ion, California, ejc.

coudition of things Himilar to that in Colorado in all the Sldtcs nml Ta ,i.
loru's of tli<! Nm'th ircst.

The (locnment i-outainH n small vnlnme of vniliiig nppedhfrmn sdtli;-^
who hfivif been drivffu off /mm f/nnr propartifis, [hy nij'Htio gauj^s witli
Hiiprcniu inflnenco at court, while their phindcrcd victims cannot even {,'rt
a hearing in the press.]

This report, filled to overflowing with stories of the tranipliui,' df
[MasonieJ corporations (many of them foreign) over the rights uihl
I)rf)pertics of our AVestern pioneers, did not attract the slightest iiotict' ju
the [Masonic] Senate."

"These powerful individuals command some of the most powerful
political and [Masonic] influences at Washington. The i)reHent ollicial,
wlu) lias been trying to put a stop to the gigantic frauds in the West, is al-
ready being made to feel the influence of the gi'eat [Masonic^] rings. Ho
finds the task before him greater than any one man can hoi^eto acconiiilish,
unless steadily and untiringly backed by the moral influence of the wlmli.
administration, [which kicked him out].

To seek to control and punish the [Masonic] thieves who, under cover
of nfftcidl proU;ction, unchecked have i)lundercd the i)ubli(! domain of fji'iiit
royalties, are tasks Avhich may well stagger the most energetic; and most
ambitiously honest of men. T. C. ('."

[The General Government must be reformed bv the ballots of ,mti-
Masons, and made supreme over all the secret-midnight-clanisli-liip;li-
biuder governments that exist Avithin the same and are gnawing at its vitals
and sucking the hearts blood of its best citizens. Or the time is near at
hand when the suffering children and children's children of the roblieil
and ravaged will ihirKtml a settlement, and that their stolen heritage he re-
stored from the spoils of lurking Masonry — that ecjual justice shall lie
done I

Nor will it be ;nich a tame affair as that now transpiring in Irolaud,
but ■.vill be discussed with cold steel and dynamite by the hniulreil
tons instead of hot mush and palaver. Press not falling men too far!]

"Certain residents of California have been of late spendini^ some
time in Oregon in the effoi't to discover whether they own any swamp
land in this State. They claim to have been taken in by that loveliest
of swamp angels who lived so long in Lane county, ami who deposited i
Ills slender form in an old arm chair in the Secretai'y of State's oilice
at Salem when the bill relative to swamp lands was peuding, and wlieu i
he learned that the Governor had ajjproved it, offereil for filing liis|
modest claim for all of Eastern and Southern Oregon that was not prove
to be liigh and dry land. Then the legislatui'es met in the old Holiuau I
block on Commercial street, and Hen Owen was too cumbersome to move I
far or move qiiickly, so he j^lanted his armchair within reach of Sam I
May, then Secretary of State, to be convenient. There was a system j

lo, nndor cover
lomaiu of givat
rgetio luul most

T. f". ''•"
lyallots of .mti-
lit-clanisli-liiRli-
kviiig ftt if H vitals
time is ufar -A
of the roblieil

lieritago Imro-
justiee Hlinll lie

Bio Land Steals in Oiieoon, Califouma, etc. 501

of grapovino telegraph in vogne among tlin conspirators, and the moment
tlio exocutivo signature was affixed this vino was Hct ii' motion, anil less
than two Beconds had not intervened before Hen Owens was Hho\'ing
Ills document into Sam May's iiand and demanding that it bo put on
tile. Some simple souls may think this is exaggerated, but they don't
know the liiatory of Oregon swamp land legislation, if they treasure such
a thought. The innocents from CaUfomia are trying' to i)rovo their
right to some of this land by i)urchase, and have got so fur as to h'arn
that they are badly sold. One thing they all agree on, and that is that
Oregon swamp land matters are muddled, that many a swindle has been
practiced, and that government agents who eamo hero on the trade
were taken into partnership, while the one who made an honest inves-
tigation was suddenly recalled. Those are the conclusions the California
visitors have come to."

[Such IS practical masonry — they do this with imi)uuity, because
their brethren are in ojfice.]

I-

Pacific N. \:'. History Dopt ~

PROVINCIAL- LIBRARY
VICTORIA, B. C.

1 i;» '

V 1

I V f*jl

' ^ *!

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Itailroads big grants, etc., in the Northwest, etc. — How they are worked.
— What they cost the gangs. — What they control. — A sem)(i and pur-
chased press. — Advice to settlers. — What a ''territorial pioueor"
says.— What the people say. — "Awake! Ahise ! or be foueveh

FALLEN !

iVlR. S.., agent of the N. P. Railroad company [masonic], -visitod
several towns hereabouts [in Washington Territory] and finally left fur
the East. Immediately ui^on his dejjarture it was noticed that nearly all
the jnirchasable pajiers in this section became strenuous supiJortei-s of the
[masouic] comjiany, and were vociferously oiijDosed to forfeiture of its
unearned land grant."

•'When Mr. S. . returned, he wrote some lettei"s for the i^i'css, horn
one of these the following extract is taken. It refers to the Cascade
Branch of the N. P. Raih'oad iu Washington Tenitory."

"The cost of the branch will be about $7,000,000, of which the great
tunnel will consume about 82,000,000. The company expect to obtain
the money for construction by the issue of bonds fit the rate of 825,0(11) a
mile. It is thought there will bo a margin between the actual cost of cou-
strnction and the ijroeeeds of the sale of the bonds nearly sufficient to
build the tunnel."

' ' The length of this branch is 245 miles. Its construction, including
two miles of tunnel, will cost 87,000,000. The land grant 'in aid' of its
bviilding is forty square miles, or 25,G00 acres for ereri/ luiftl mik '/
rcml, that is to say for building this branch the comimny Avill claim title
to 0,272,000 acres of i)iiblic land,'' [and o^\-n the railroad besides.] "This
laud lies iu alternate sections, Mith those reserved by the Governineut.
Not an acre of public land within the limits of the railroad grant cau be
purchased of Government at less than 82.50 per acre. The large area of
coal lands Iving theroiu is obtainable from Goveniment onlv bv pavni!,'
820 per acre. At Government i)rice (82.50 per acre) the \alue of the laud
grant to the railroad for this branch aggregates 815,080.000, ccusideraldy
more than double the [liberal, not countiug inside stealing] estimated cost
of the whole line, tunnel and all. In this we have not included the larj^elv
increased value of lands containing coal and iron, thousands of acres of
which are included in the grant. Nor has the real value of the land beeu
given. On the west side of the mountains the average value of tlie land
gi'ant is not less than 810 per acre. The average value along the whole liiu'
of road, at a low estimate, is not less than 85 per acre, or a valuatimi of
8.51, 360,000, nearly /««/• and one-lmlf times the cost of Us consln/ction. " Ujiou
what grounds is this enormous surrender of public property demanded '!
Ulion what reasoning can it be justified ? Why should fmasouio riugsj

(Mat

hey are worked.
. sei-vH'. and piir-
itorial iiiouecr "

OB BE FOHEVER

masonic], ^•is!tell
cl finally left for
>d tliat nearly all
mpporters of tlie
) forfeiture of its

r the press, from
•s to the Cascade

)f which the groat
expect to obtain
le rate of S'25,0()0 a
actual cost of oon-
iearly sufficient to

ruction, including
ant 'in aid' of its
\fen/ Utieitl mile <]f
y -will claim title
d besides.] "This
the Governniiut.
[road grant can be
JThe large area of
lit only by paynig
^■alue of the lau.l
1,000, ccusidcrablv
u;:;] estimated cost
cduded the largely
iisauds of acres of
L of the land beeu
[value of the laud
ong the whole line
or a valuation of
,n>itruction." Tpou
iperty demandtnl '/
lid f masonic riug»i

Advice to Seitlers.

503

be thus exceptionally favored ? ^liy should public ijroijerty be used to
build railroads for private ownership ? Why, in addition to presenting
a complete railroad to a [masonic] coiiioration should it be given a sub.sidy
qniiiln(i>!e its valid' '? Have [Unked masons] any greater claims ui)ou the
public than other men ? Are they entitled to more consideration than
other citizens ? [Out.siders cannot get any such concessions.] Is not this
[gang] entitled to less ? Has it not forfeited its right to its claim by long
continued and exasperating delays ? For more than twenty yeara it h.is
jilayed fast and loose with the Government. It was conceived in [mystic]
fraud. The original owners of its franchi.se never contributed a dollar
to building its road. The common stock of the company to-day re2)re-
souts not a dollar contributed to its construction. It is purely water.
Every mile of the road has been constructed with borrowed money [on the
grant from the Government]. The President of the company says that
the Cascade branch will be built by the same means. It ought not to be
very difficult to raise 625,000 i)er mile on a land grant worth at Govern-
ment iirices more tlian twice that sum. An unencumbered company could
raise double the amount."

"The proposi^'"'"" to confirm to the Northern Pacific a land grant for-
feited July i, 1S77, is identical with making a new grant. It is in conflict
with law and justice. It is opijosod to the declarations of the republican
[and democratic] parties in National conventions. [For a blind, as they
are both controlled by the secret brethren]. It is an outrageous att(>mpt
to pervert a gift wliich, when made, was [supposed to be] foi the pubHc
good, into an engine of oppression and injury of indefinite duration. It
is an assault upon the landed heritage of tlie people of the United States.
unv»arraut(>d and indefensible. It is an outrage against which the jx^nple.
uot alone of Washington Territory, but of the whole nation iudignanth"
protest," [but they pn tested in vain, as: the gang was, and is, in jjower.]

"But if it be wrovig to c(uifirm to the N. P. laixls along the line of its
comploted road, I's it built within the tii'ie sjjecified in its charter [and ai;
extension of time on top of tliat],what shall be .said of tlui propositicm, now
made by its ayeuts ard lobbyists [bretluen] to aUow it to goon, au<l by
Imilding more miles of road, obtain a large additional area of the public
laud, the best, the most valuable \n the Territory V What shall l)o said of
a claim to eai'U public lands, worth not h'ss on an average than 8125,000
P'T rnih', by building railroads in Washington Teriitory in ISSi. 1885. 1886
ud 1SS7 V This is the claim of the N. P. Co. for building tlie Cascade
branch, which its officers and organs do not hesitate to say will be imme-
diately remunerative. "

" Is it uot monstrous ? Is it not insulting to ask the jieople to justify
or advoct.'.o dvch an outrageous demand ?" [By voting iov the bretlireu
iu the gang for office ?]

■'Commissioner Sparks says, 'tlie N. P. ioad had not attempted to be

vfr

I ■

Wifrii

m - ' I

„ 1 , i

*.'

504

Railroad Grants, etc.

definitely located [West of the Missouri river], until after the date bv
)iiw, July 4th, 1877, for its eoiupletion,' and that there is no i)rovision of
law by Avhich rights to the land can he acquired after the expiration of
that time."

"/« Mexico, a few years ago, a valuable land grant was given to the
Mexican National Railroad Company, on condition [like v rojids] that
the line be completed within a certain time. The time expired a few-
weeks ago, the line was not built, and, without any ceremony whatever,
the land grant was declared forfeited. That was all there was about it.
So with the Mexican Central Railroad. Before this line was built the
Government granted it certain i>rivileges on condition that it woiild niako
no discrimination between shippers or between towns, and that its freight
tariffs should not be changed withotit the Government being n tiii' -^ iu
advance. The company having violated both of these ijorfitir , Iio
authorities are coming down upon it with a determination and vi ^»nv .i
amazes the stockholders, who are accustomed to the Americm (^Mn'-oi.ic]
way of doing things; letting [Masonic gangs] do as they ijlease Avith the
people's propertv."

"It IS not true that these lands have been opened for settle-
ment by the [Masonic] N. V. R. Co. It is not even true that lands e(iniil
to those in its grant have been so opened. On the contrary, from the in-
ception of its work it haH/olloirctl settlement. It is even now claiming the
right to locate lands in Washington Territory in lieu of lands within tlie
limits of its grant in Minnesota and Dakota, because before its roiid was
built there were not left enough unsettled lands to tatisfy its claims.
Does this indicate pioneering ? It is a fact, that ahead of its railroad cou-
struction, aAvay ahead, marched the pioneer settler; that from the time its
granting act was passed, 20 miles outside the limits of its grant have been
withdrawn from sale by the Government, to recomi)euse it for those lauds
. within Haiti limits, occupied by settlers [even \)efore the location of the
railroad.] Its great difficulty to-day in this territojy is to find enougli
land nnocciipied to cover its huge claim. Of the nearly I^'j, 000,000 ai'ios
of i>ublic land in this temtory this [Masonic gang] lays claim to more thnn
()iH'-/Jiirtf. What has it opened to settlement by construction of its railroiid
here, Avhich have in any measure compensated for the surrender of so
great a proportion of our landed area ? We allege that it has prevented tlic
construction of other railroads [and the opening to free navigation of tlie
Columbia river, of far greater importance than all the railronila in the tem-
lori/.] That but for the enormous ad untago [corriiplli/] given it by tlii-^
land grant, other roads would ere this have been traversing this territor
in several directions; that but for this land grant a railroad would lou
ago have been built from Puget Sound across the Cascade mountains;
[two are now building without any Government aid.] That but for the
laud grant a railroad would be at once built from Pu.ret Sound to tlie

er the date by
ao provision of
e expiration of

18 givon to tlie

"r roads] that

expired a few

[uony whatever,

i was about it.

3 was built the

t it wonlil make

[ that its freight

leiug n tiii' '^ iu

<3ori'iti.'"- , ho

and vi ^lU' v .1

iriciii LMn^oi.ic]

please with the

pened for settle-
that lands eijual
ary, from the in-
jow claiming the
ands within tlio
fore its road was
tisfy its claims,
its railroad con-
•c)m the time its
;raut have been
for those lauds
locatkm of the
to find enough
,1,000,000 a<':<'s
lim to mo7e then
>n of its railroaJ
siirrender of sn
prevented the
ivigation of tin'
—(xtilit in Ok; tcrri-
given it by this
g this territor
oad would loi'
■ade mountains;
lat but for the
^et Sound to the

Advice to Settlers.

505

navigable watei-s of the upjier Columbia; that but for this grant coal
mines and iron mines Avould be now ojiened and in successful production;
that a large a:'ea of valuable agricultural laud would be immediately oc-
cupied, that, in shori., the territory would grow rapidly in ijojiulation and

wealth."

# *
*

" Advice to Settlers. — We mean settlers on the lieu lands. They must

combine together and refuse to abandon the lands they have settled upon,

if the [Masonic] company aims to eject them because of not paying six

prices for said lands. Don't i>ay such high prices for, but hold on to your

lands, hi/ force, if necessary; and if Congress is not a den of thieves, relief

will come."

*
"The [masonic] company had better stop altogether the sale of lands

to which it has not, and cannot obtain, title, and so save itself and innocent
l)urchasers from a vast deal of future trouble. [When outsiders do this
they are called /(?/w).s' and 'made example of by making them deliver all
their property to the court gang and sending them to State's prison, where
the blackleg-flunkey-of-the-railroad-gang-Goveruor tells them that ' crime
Hhould be made hideous,' and 'that we have a good judiciary,' because it
stands iu Avitli the gang.]

*
' ' [Masonic] railroads must have many extensions of time in which to
comply with the law, in order to get land for nothing. Who ever heard
of a settler, a homesteader, or i)re-emptor being given an extension of time
w hen he had failed to comply with the law ? Although he could give a
much better excuse than railroads ever offer. Sickness or death iu a
settler's family or losses by fire or flood are no excuse for an individual
'outsider], but [masonic] corporations [with their special pririle(/f's\ must
ua\ e the land whether they comply with the laAv or not. Robbery is too

mild a term."

* *

■X-

"In rei^ly to [blackleg] editors of papers owned by the [masonic] N.
P a. R., who never Mre of claiming that if any portion of the land grant
was forfeited that the road would be so erijipled that it could not be com-
pleted. We refer to the following imragraph from a pamphlet publislied
by the [masonic] company :"

"TheN. P. grant is twenty times as large as the Illinois Central's
[which pays to the State a part of its income while the N. P. doesn't (>ven
imy its taxes], and on the que.stion of the comparative intrinsic worth of
two grants, Ave give the opinion of John Wilson, who organized the land
department of the Illinois Central road, and was for many years its honored
ooiumissioner. Ho says, 'I consider the grant to the Northern Pacific
worth from fifty to one hundred per cent, per acre more than the Central's.
It is a small estimate to say that if this grant is properly managed, it will
huild the entire road, connecting with the pi-csent terminus of the grand

'^■.' -■■■■

I ■ W V

506

Eailroad Grants, etc.

truuk. through to Puget Sound, aud head of uaNigatiou on the Columhia

— Jit out an, entire fleet of Sdiliuy fessel.s and s/eamers for the China, Enst

India, and coasting trade, and leave a surplus that vnll roll vp to mil/inns."

"Then" greed is so great that not only do they claim land where tliey

have but the shadow of a title, hut they claim land along the brancli

from Portland to Tacoma, even when the joint resolution of 18G9, au-

thoiizing the building of that branch expressly stated that it should claim no

land from the United States by reason of the huildinij of that road,"

* *

A " Tej-7' itoj'ial Pioneer" writes. — "I wish to ask whose land this is

that [masonic] officials gave away, and where they got the light to give the

I spin's land away to a thie^'ing, l)oxed-up ] masonic] monopoly, roh-

L I lican citizens of their rights, and dri\'ing old settlers off tlu'ir

lauu the poor ho'^"" '^".1 i.iie clam beach, the tax-payers furu-

isliiiig j^ablic land to give away to [masonic] railroad thieves to sell

back again to the peoijle at 810 per acre, so the [linked brethren]

thieves can buy up a rotten Congress and to put up [masonic] railroad

jobs ? What is the good of the raib-oad ? They charge so much you

can never ride on one. They charge a man ten cents a mUe. Tlio

[masons] have given [to their brethren] about all the country. There

is no other to give excejit Alaska, and they will give that away next

si)riug as soon as it thaws out." [And you will vote for the secret

brethren for office, Avill you ?]

"The Northern Pacific holds [fraudulently] 2,080,000 acres of land iu
Washington Territory as a gift for building a road from Calama to Ta-
coma alone, enough to build the road three times over, yet the rates of
transportation between these two places is about all the produce is worth
and just as high as they can be without interdicting trade altogether,"
[in plain violation of law, but they do it with impunity becaiise their
brethren are in office and they own the courts. ]

. < I

' • It seems to think it makes no difference whether it completes the
road in the time stipulated in the charter, or ten or fifteen years thereafter.

It goes into our legislature and so warps a bill on taxation of raihoail
lands that the company is forever free from taxes on them. On taxation
of the railroad proper iinder the 'gross earnings law,' all its [stolon]
millions of dollars worth of timber, coal, iron mines, shops, bridge's,
stations, road bed, rolling stock, and lauds iu a belt 80 miles wide, are ex-
empt."

"It has come into this valley after it had been settled twenty years, de-
stroyed the legal and commercial capital of the settlers, in order to buiM
u^ion its ruins another town, the profits from which speculation gois
into the pockets, not of the stockholders, but a syndicate [of masons]
constituting a wheel within the system of that great clock, whose hands

Advice to Settlers.

507

U: ili^

the Columbia
le China, East

indicate on the dial jjlate tho wreck of private fortune and the blast-
ing of the hopes of frontier settlers," [and so they are a secret ring
within our Government, making of it a machine of opi^ression against
the full fledged citizen, and a shield for their own crimes.]

"It controls the timber trade, the elevator business, the grain trade,
beef trade, and nearly every avenue of business is made to pay homage
and revenue to it, and any man who does not favor and crook the hinges
of his knee in craven obedience is ostracised by this i^owerful tyrant.

' ' The whole country is terrorized by the multiplicity of evils contin-
ually sprung by this hydra-headed [masonic] monster."

"The people bear tho burdens of taxation [and of jjlunder] and the
great ['charitable order'] receives the ijroiits of the people's labor, and
proves by its acts that it has not for us the sympathy that formally ex-
isted between master and slave, but that it is continually whispering to
itself, 'the people be d^ d ! ' "

"Its rates of freight are so high that farmers, miners, and stock
growers find it i^rofitable to freight by w gou 150 miles alongside of the
[masonic] railroad."

"It enters conventions, dictates i)latforms and candidates, and
[secretly] conducts cami)aigus; it bribes newspapers; it employs [ma-
sonic] orators to address the intelligent, and thugs to crack the party
whip over the heads of the ignorant ; it continually strives not only to
make its own property very valuable but to make that of its neighbors
worthless ; [owning the courts] it is a continual litigant ; it hoods not the
rights of others and legahzes injustice by vontrolliny Jndi/i's and Juries,"
[yet i^eople vote for their secret sworn brethren for office. ]

"It is a swindler ; it sells lands which do not belong to it, evades the
payment of taxes, and obtains money under false pretenses."

"The matter has got down to this : Shall the peoiile do the legislat-
ing, or shall the [Unked masonic] railroads do it ? Shall the i)eoi)le rule
or shall the [linked masonic] railroads rule them ? We are bound hand
nud foot in the [linked masonic] railroad chains. We should struggle and
fight till they are lirokca."

...."Conventions have been packed [by the gang], moeting.s have
been broken up or controlled, legislatures have been captured. While
this has been going on, the vast majority of the journals of the Territory-
many of them corrupt, others bUud— have not only failed to raise their
voices in behalf of i)opular riyhts, but have given themselves over body
and soul to a soulless master ; have failed to keep faith with the people,
but have been ever ready and Avilliug to aid in any measure to strengthen
the hold which the [linked masonic gang] has already secured in the
politics of the Territory. As a rule, the press has sacrificed the interests of
thi- people for paltry bribes, or because of the insolent threats of a domineer-
ing [linked masonic gang] and its .strikers. "

■ i

f If ;|:

!»* '

Tf^

;■ rii'

508

Railroad Grants, etc.

"Every trick of the corrui)t politician, every device for blinding the
lieople, has ceen made use of by the hirelings of this [mystic] gang. Not
only have newsi)aper3 been bribed and bullied, but votars have been pnr-
chased and intimidated. A determined effort has been made to control
Washington while it is yet a Territory, to bind it hand and foot, so that
upon its admission to the Union it would be a mere pocket burrow [aiul
so it is] of which the offices would be doled out as rewards to those wlm
by their unscrupulousness or their activity in the cause of their master
had won the approbation of the [masonic] land thieves and railroad
kings." [Even their most abject flunkeys, the ex-blackleg Governors, are
being puffed np by masonic blackleg editors for United States Senators
of Washmgton State.]

"That one may smile, and smile and be a villain."

" WouhVsl thou have a set'pent sting thee tirio; ? "

(During the building of the N. P. road, the masonic officials and their
friends had a ijicnic over the same, and their secret ring brethren and
flunkeys of the ju-ess urged the people to receive and cheer them as the
more degraded Russian subject does their Czar.] "The great moving
menagerie contains 336 pei'sons, the estimated expense of whom, during
the trip, will be half a million dollars, or a little over $1,488 each. The
suj^ply of wines and liquora costing §23,000. The odd sections of the
people's laud built this road, and we may expect that the proceeds of the
even sections in the hands of the settlers will pay this half million of ex-
peii-.es of this great menagerie, and the American people are expected to
do homage to the progi'amme. What a country ! What a people !

"In the bituminous coal field the N. P. Co. 'owns' 480,000 r/'ccs,
valued at the low government price of §20 per acre would amount to
$9,600,000, not one-fourth their real value, for the coal. This belt of coal
land embraces the most hea\'ily timbered region of like extent in the
world. Monster flr and cedar trees, many of them from six to nine feet
ill diametei", and from 300 to 400 feet in height, cover the earth so thickly
that, standing in the midst, the range of vision is confined within a few
hundred feet on all sides, as by a dense wall of wood. This estimated at
60,000feet to the acre, worth seventy-five cents per thousand, that is 845 iier
acre, or $21,600,000 ; this added to the S9,600,0(Wand we have 831,200,0(MI,
which is exclusive of the lignite belt.

This estimate is for a strip of twelve to fifteen miles in width, reaching
one hundred miles in length. It does not include their value for agricul-
tural piu'poses after the timber is removetl, and while the coal i« being
mined, nor as town sites for mining centres. It does not include the value
of other coal fields adjacent, nor iron mines contiguous, nor of the thous-
ands of acres of rich bottom lands along the streams. It is the estimated

Advice to Settlers,

501)

111

; 'i

■ blinding the
c] gang. Not
ave been pnr-
ule to control
I foot, so that
t burrow [and
, to those Avlui
f their master
1 ami raih-oiul
Governors, are
(tatos Senators

Rcials anil their
I brethren and
er them as the
B great moving
f whom, during
488 each. The
sections of the
proceeds of the
I million of ex-
are expected t<>
people !

480,000 w.-vi'!'.
inkl amount to
hia belt of coal

extent in the
lix to nine feet
arch so thickly
within a few

3 estimated at

that is $45 per
,ve $31,200,0(10,

Iwidth, reaching
]lue for agi-icul-

coal is beiug
Icludo the vahie
Ir of the thous-

the estimated.

value of a strip of land, over two-fifths of which lies in this (King) I'ounty.
Whut is the value of its whole claim within King county alone ? "

[If honestly managed, at 820,000 per mile, "§31,200,000" would build
over 1,500 miles of railroadsyo^' the- countt/, and the jieople on-ti the roads ;
and so on all along the line. This would bo some of the benefits of a Gov-
ernment (supreme over all the secret, alien ring governments within it) by
the people /or the people. Now it is by the secret rings fur the secrt>t
rings. By the masons/o/' the masons.]

* *
*

"If the land and jiroiierty of the railroads iu Dakota were taxed us
other projierty, the [masonic] company would pay about a million and a
half dollars into the treasury. As it is it pays §170,000 — [sometimes].

At this time the company is in an'ears 8103,000. The Treasui'er levied
u^jon eight locomotives to compel its iiayment, but [of course] the court
decided iu favor of the [masons." Who else will the coiirts j^;*o/''c/ aydinsl
IK tt/inq taxes ?\

' ' The Union Pacific was built and etiuipped by the people of the
United States, for it is well known that the i)rojectors paid iu only about
one and a half million dollars towards its construction."

* *
*

"The original stockholders of the Northern Paeifie never contributed
a dollar toward building that road. The only expenditures made by those
[masons] among whom the $100,000,000 in stock was divided, and to whom
it was practically delivered, were those iov procuring [in^steriousl;/] the
passage of the original charter and land grant act and subseipient amenda-
tory resolutions through C'ongress." [Secret brethren in Congress can
secretly and safely trade Avith their brethren out of Congress in despoil-
ing the i)eoi)le's wealth, because they are so strongly obhgated and
sworn to "ever conceal and never reveal" each others secrets,] and
some few thousand dollars advanced afterwards by Jay Cooko k Co. to
pay for in-eliminary examination of the route pric»r to the execution of the
contract made with that firm to sell bonds of the road for the purpose oT
its constnictiou. In all, the.se expenditures did not exceed $150,000, in
fact, it was stipulated in a written contract that the shareholders in the
franchise should not V)e assessed to exceed the above sum in the aggregate.

At this date these contracts are interesting reading. Much has been
written about the hardships, struggU\s, losses, etc., of the original pro-
jectors of the Northern Pacific (H)mpauy. The facts are that only the un-
suspecting public, who bought shares at fictitious values of men wlujm
they cost nothing, have been victimized. Not a dollar received from
saU^s of stock in that company was investtnl in its constnictiou. The
first 500 miles were constructed between 1873 and 1870 with the i)roceeds
of tlu! sale of §80,000,000 bonds of the road, and its land grant. Up
to that time, since the road was chartered, six years had elai)sed during

. 1

I i

( I

1 ..i

<<; r

610

Eailroad Grants, etc.

which the original stockholders had divided among themselves or as-
sigued to Jay Cooke & Co. the whole capital stock of the company
and issued to i)arties to the contract a large portion of its jmid up shares.
Here are a few details of one of the most bold-faced frauds and iniquitous
agreements on record. The franchise of the N. P. li. R. was in 1807 the
l)ro23crty of Smith and [other brethren]. The cost of lobbying [secret
intrigue] the act of 18G4 throiigh Congress, and incidental expenses up to
that date, amounted to 8102,000. In January, 1807, a contract was made
\\ hci'eby this property — the charter, etc., — was divided into twelve shares
t)f S:3,500 each. This contract provided that subscribers should become
jointly interested with Smith 'in jiroportion to the shares, or parts of
shares, taken in the charter or franchise of the N. P. li. E. with all its
rights, powers, privileges and immunities.' It further provided that all
l^arties thereto should unite to get aid fromCongress [more secret intrigu-
ing, in which an outsider could not hope to succeed] by further legislation,
and contribute pro-rata, according to the interest held by each for that
purpose [for lobbying, intriguing] and that as soon as Congress granted
further aid [siieeial privileges and exemptions denied to other men] an or-
ganization should be effected to commence construction of the road, and
secure the [people's] laud granted by the [masonic] act. On July ;?,
1867, three years after the charter had been granted, the above agreemeut
was amended by stipulating that the total amount which each of the twelve
shares should be compelled to contribute, should not be over $12,500, in-
cluding the amount already paid ($8,500) making a total of $150,000, as
the limit of the amount which the owners of the charter could be com-
pelled to contribute.

Thus matters remained until 1869, no railroad yet having been com-
menced. In that year — May 20, 1869 — an agreement was made by the
holders of the franchise with Jay Cooke & Co. by which the shares were
increased to eighteen, six of which were to be given to Jay Cooke & Co. ,
and the capital stock divided as follows : $100,000,000 stock, $80,001,000
to be issued in full paid up stuck pro rata among the eighteen shares as
follows : $124,500 per share immediately, and $54,000 per share "as often
;is each twenty -five miles of road is constructed." The balance of the
capital stock ($19,999,000) to be delivered to Jay Cooke & Co. in paid up
[in fraud] stock as follows : As often as said Jay Cooke & Co. shall sell a
$1,000 bond, $200 of the stock shall be delivered.

One hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) of 7:5-10 bonds were
ordered issued, to be sold by said Jay Cooke & Co. , at eighty-eight cents
on the dollar.

Not a foot of railroad had yet been constructed, although five years
had passed since the charter was granted, and application had twice been
made to Congress for extension of the time when it should be completed.

On the first of January, 1870, the foregoing contract was modified.
During the interval Jay Cooke & Co. had investigated the route, pros-

selves or as-
the company
litl up Bliarcs.
mJ iuiquitous
s in 1807 tlie
bying [secret
:xpenses wp to
act was made
I twelve shares
hould become
is, or i)arts of
R. with all its
)vi(le(l that all
secret intrigu-
herlegislatiou,
r each for that
Qgress grautcil
ler men] an or-

the road, and
t. On July ;5,
aove agreement
3hof the twelve
ver $12,500, in-
|of $150,000, as

could be com-

iVing been com-
made by the

le shares were
Cooke & Co.,

ck, $80,001,000
teen shares as
lare "as often
jalance of the

Co. in paid iip
Co. shall sell a

lO bonds were
ity-eight cents

,ugh five years
bad twice been

te completed.

was modified.

le route, pros-

Advice to Seitlerh.

511

pects, etc., of the proposed railroad, and the change was made in compli-
ance with the demands of that company. The eighteen shares were in-
creased to twenty-four, of which Jay Cooke & Co. were to have twelve.
A company ^\^aH orgamzed/oi- pnvchdsiny lands, toirniiitas, etc., [so grasping
are masons as well as clanish] the stock to be divided in the same proi^or-
tion ; that i.s, the original twelve interests to have oue-lialf, and [brother]
Cooke & Co. the other half. The stock was then ro-appropriated as fol-
lows : $80,001,000 in'o rata among the twenty-four shares "full paid ii/i
stock," [with their chins] .§93,4:00 i^er share to be delivered immediately,
and $40,500 on each of said t\\enty-four shares as often as twenty -five
miles of road ai-e completed ; the balance of the capital stock, $19,999,000
to be given to Jay Cooke & Co. as provided in the previous agreement.

Under this agreement Cooke & Co. sold $30,000,000 of the bonds of
the N. P. R. comijany, out of the proceeds of which the cost of con-
structing all the railroad built prior to the failure of Cooke & Co. , in 1873,
were jiaid. Not another mile of road was built until money was again
raised by sale of bonds. The only equivalent given for every share of
stock divided up prior to that time was the cost of jirocuring the franchise
[secret intriguing] and the services rendered by Cooke & Co. in selling
bonds.

When the N. P. R. Co. was reorganized, after being bought in by the
bondholders, the holders of this "full paid up stock" were given "com-
mon " stock of " e newly organized company, and to the bondholders and
others having secured claims Avere assigned "preferred " stock. Thus the
common stock of the N. P. R. Co. represents a total benefit to that cor-
poration, a total contribution to the cost of the great overland raih-oad, of
less than $150,000. The result is that the i^eople along the line are to be
taxed indefinitely to pay dividends, upon what ? Under the contract as given
above there wex'e issued, or the holders of shares in the original franchise
were entitled to receive about $23,000,000 iu fnll paid up stock of the N.
P. R. Co., and upon this $23,000,000, or its equivalent; it is expected
to pay dividends [besides the immense empire of land] wrung from the
public by extortionate freight and passenger charges."

"A long railroad is mapped out, and the [' charitable '] men who hold
the franchise issue first mortgage bonds for the entire amount of the cost,
including market price of land grants at Washin;^ on ; [could outsiders
get land grants without employing a masonic lobby to secretly and cor-
ruptly intrigue with their mystic brethren ? Sai/, could they?] Profits of
construction comimny [a ring Avithiu the ring] and loss upon bonds sold
at a discoiint, [because of the fraudulent Inisiness] holding in hand for pri-
vate use some preposterous amount of stock, no matter what, representing, of
course, nothing but the cost of the printing and the knavery of holders.
The road is declared able to pay immediate dividends on the whole
[swindle]. The stock is boomed. In some instances a dividend or two

Hi,

512

Kailuoad Grants, etc.

have even been paid out of jji'oceeda of bouds sold. Spoculatiou sc^t.s in,
and [fools] hasten to buy the stock at any i)rico. Even oxpcrienced bum-
noss men, who would ridicule a purchase of a given stock at i)ar, will con-
sider the same stock increased to ten times the amount of its face value as
cheap at twenty. Of this the [' charitable '] sharpers are well aware, and
they are careful to water to the taste of purchasers. Indeed, as the whole
thing is fictitious [like conduct in others done on a small scale is callcil
connlcr/eitiiig, and a crime for which they are languishing in prison], and
merely a matter of paper and ink, it is quite immaterial to them whetlicr
they jirint "KIO shares ' c)n a ceriificate of stock and sell it at ten, or print
' ten shares ' and sell them at par.

U It »'*'', 'i

"Our new countries, where the virgin a '''cat lands lie, that we depend
on for food, and expected to control the mai'ket of the world by, are
gridiroued with railroads built, and dishonestly built, with money ob-
tained by selling bonds. Not a cent was put into the stock. From the
Canadian Pacific sotithward to the Gulf of Mexico, the east and west lines,
with a single exception, are roads built for the sole i)uri)ose of plunder-
ing the peoj^le. Their stock represents nothing. But by the most out-
rageoiis laws ever submitted to by an intelligent peojjle, the [' very
worthy grand masters '] of those roads will be allowed (have been al-
lowed in some cases) to Avring out of the peo2)le sufhcient money to
])ay a dividend on stock that has no more actual value than circus
jjosters. Tax collectors [for the gangs] sit in every freight office througli-
out our land, Avho gather the tribute jjaid to the [worthy grand ' char-
itable' (?)] dignitpries of transportation, who were created by the [secret
intrigue of aijuririis, 'mysterious' masonry].

" There are hundreds of milhous of dollars of railroad stock, mort-
gages on the industry of the ijeople, on which dividends are being paid
that represent nothing but the efFrontery [rather the secret intrigue and
IH'ostitution of the governments and courts] of [masonic] raih-oad directors.

One of the fundamental laws of our system of government is that the
people shall not be taxed without their consent. This law is ngidly ad-
hered to in all matters of State, county, town and school district taxation.
A bond that has the taint of irregularity about it is worthless. The people
have never hesitated to rejnidiate an illegal obligation, but they have
tamely submitted to the [masonic] outrage of allowing the [midnight
brethren] to issue hundreds of millions of dollars of railroad stocdi tliat
represents nothing but the cost of printing, and they have i)aid dividends
on tliis [masonic] stock. Annually millions of dollars are collected from
the [half-housed, half-fed, and three-cpiarter-mortgaged] people to ])ay
these charges [of the government within our Government] that are a vio-
lation of the natural rights of mankind. If the peoijle murmur and
threaten unfavorable [but honest] legislation, their [mis] representatives
[linked masons] are i)urchased with the money they have jjaiol to tlie

Advice to Sktilkhs.

513

iilatiou HtstH in,
iiu'rioucod busi-
it par, -will con-
its fai-e valuo as
woll awaro, ami
eel, as tlio whole
.1 scale is callcil
in jirison], and
;o them whether
at ten, or print

!, that -we (lepcnil
le world I'v, are
with moucy ob-
ttoek. From the
ist and west hues,
rpose of pluuder-
by the most outr
leople, the [' very
sd (have been al-
fficient money to
alue than circus
;ht office through-
•thy grand ' char-
ed by the [secret

[gangs, which can safely be done when they are so strongly obligated and
sworn to 'ever conceal and never reveal' each others secrets]. So the
people have not been able to obtain relief, [as tlioy vote for masons for
office]. State representatives. Congressmen, Senators, .Judges, all are
controlled, purckaned wilh money that has been draivit from the [blinded]
people under the cover of unjust [andjiau^'d] laws/'

* *

[Hero follows an example of the efforts and expression of the i)eople of
the Northwest as to the foregoing subject.]

'' liesolred, By the jieoplo of Whitman county, that the course the N.
r. comi)any is j)ursuing is one that is detrimental to every interest of the
country, and inflic^tiug hardships unknown in the history of our country,
and justly causing the people all over the Territory to organize for the
better protection of their rights against this grasping [masonic] monopoly
which has laid claim to a large tract of country without showing where
they had lost any land, or without resiiecting the claims of settlers made
prior to their selections, or without any title whatever derived from Gov-
ernment, [the grant having lapsed] offering these lands for sale at a i)rice
beyond the reach of those who are justly entitled to them, and oflfering
simi)ly contracts, which, in themselves, are but a system, of robbery, bind-
ing the purchaser to make annual improvements, and after i)aying a certain
amount down, the balance to be i)aid at stijinlated times, and if any i)or-
tiou remains unjiaid at the specified time they reserve to themselves the
right to enter and take possession without any legal action whatever, thus
barring the settler from that right wliK-li every citizen is entitled to. They
also reserve the right to enter and take i)Ossession of a strij), -100 feet in
width, whenever they may want it for railroad j>urj>oses, binding the pur-
eha.ser and his heirs forever to build and maiutaiu a good and substantial
fence on each side of said strip, also reserving the right of siu'ings wher-
ever they may be found, if necessary, for railroad i)uri)oses ; also all mm-
eral and coal that may be found thereon, thus leaving the i)urchaser at all
times in their power. Their discrimination and extoiiionate freights are
such that they are cripijling every industry and robbing the people of tli
interior, who are laboriously struggling to build homes for themselves aii .
families, of all their hard earnings, let's/U' them but little better than
slaves, toiling from early morn till late a; t\e, that these grasping [linked
masons] may live in palaces and roll in wealth and grandeur, while the
peoijle live in poverty and groan under the burden. Be it further

' ' Resolved, That we deeply deplore the fact that we are under the
despotic power of a [' charitable ' gang] and our only hope of protection
i.s from the halls of legislation, and that we do earnestly entreat Congress
to regulate the inter-State traffic so as to protect the people from such
gigantic robbery, and also to take such action in regard to the land grant
as will give to them their justly earned titles, and the balance to be held
and sold only at Government price, and we earnestly beseech Congress to
33

bi i

1-'^-

■%■

1 i

V /'-

\i ^

Ifc,.,

' u

KaILHOAI) Gr/ "^, ETC.

make Kuch iii)i)r()i>riationH am/ in siit/i n lununcr [that is, so tlio gunj? dor.'t
Ht«'al it ul)ont nil, us is UHiially dout?] us ^vill Hpoodily opt'ii the ('olumhiu
river, which is the fi;reiit hif^hway of transportation, that tht* land giants
which tho [masonic I railroad company are now scckinfj; to hold ho declared
forfeited, and the titles to innocent pnrchusers be contirnuMl, tho rest sold
at Government price an<l tho money expended in speedily completing the
openinj^ of the Colnmlna river, wliich ah)ne is in the interest of the

people."

* *

"Snake Rivr.n Mass Mektino." — < )f the people of Snake river, Tn-
kannon and Pataha sections. 1884.

" ^7/(vv'<^s•, In 18(14, by act of Congress, lands were granted to the N.
P. R. II. Co., to aid in the eonstriictiou of a railroad from Lake Snperior
to Puget Sound, and

H7/''»v'/s-, The original grant was large and valuable enough to con-
struct the entire road without other help within the time speeitied in tlic
granting act, and ton yeai's have elapsed since that time cxpiri'd, and

W/tercds, The [masonic] company deferred building tho road until tlu'
country through which it passed Avas sutllcieutly developed to make said
road a source of i)rotit without the aid of the land, and said land being
settled and improved without the ai(^ 'ind advantage of the railroad whidi
should have been eoustmeted for ♦' 'irpose of developing the country,
and

Whareiai, Parties interested in ilie N. P. II. R. Co. have iuflueneiid
[their brethren] the boards of trade of Walla Walla and Portland to ex-
press sentiments contrary to those really existing, for the purpose of influ-
encing legislation, therefore

Rennlved, first. That we demand that all land not actually earned by
the construction of tho road within the time specified in the granting act,
be forfeited and restored to the public domain.

RusolrcAl, second, That the N. P. R. R. Co. is not justly entitled to an
acre of land in tlii.s Territoiy.

Resolved, third. That the land in this Territory claimed by the N. ]'.
1{. R. Co. justly belongs to the .settlers who had improved and developed
this country, and as citizens of the United States should obtain title at
government's requirements.

Resi)h-ed, foi;rth, That all United States Senators and Representatives
in and Delegates to Congress be and are hereby respectfully requested to
procure the f orfeitiire of the lands unearned. "

[But the jjoople had no more infiueuce, by petition, for right and jus-
tice at Washington, than they had with blackleg- masonic-Governors at
Olympia, Washington Territory.]

%.:

nake river, Tn-

tly entitled to uu

CHAPTER XXIX.

Ah to T)1K MAKTIAIi LAW TltorilLK IN I'ltllTEClINd MAHONIC rHtNA.Mr.N AND
MAHOMO CKIMINALH ON I'l Oia' SotNl) WHKN AmKIUCAN CITIZKNH WKUK

I'ILIjAoicj), Mii{i)i'.i(i:i), am> duivkn ui t wnir no tuooi-s ok MAiniArj
TiAW TO I'KOTKCT THEM. — Coudi'iisctl *'roiii the jnoss with exphiiui-
tious, eti!. — (How to roiitl newspapors ••betwoeii the liues," or what
helo)i(/s hi'/ii'i'i'H lli(> liiii'n.)

" CoNSISIKNCY. "

li.Eli]'i is a bit of modern local history; the iiarrativc is ^i\\■^•\\ as a
proamblo to tlio moution of a point uppoarinfj; in a Scattlti pujn'r, and
whii'h rchitos to the niaintonancc of hiw and order a^^oiinst the vioh'nee of
mob rule.

A man residing in Stvittlo, while returning; from liis residenee to his
store, in the dnsk of the evening, was confronted by two robbers who,
it is supposed, ordered liini to throw up Ins hands. It is further sup-
poses! that instead i>i obeying their order ho drew a i)istol and attempted
to di'fend himself, when they shot him down. Never wcu'o N-illains moro
hunted. Late in the night two unknown men were found apparently
sl(>eping under a lot of hay in a barn [a comtnou thing] and taken to
juil. That night a vigilance eommitt<^o was formed, end)raeing many of
tlie leading eiti/ens, and so p')werful in all respects that the gi'eat arm
of the law was paraly/ed, and here was but out; man in the comnnniity
who had the courage to even sugge.st opposition to this young giant of
mob rule, and that was the C'hief Justice, Roger S. Green. He learni'd
that two strange men had been arrested ; lie was told of the S2)eedy or-
ganization of that which to him was the most fearful of all things — a
vigilance conunittee. He M(>nt to the leading men of the city and
talked his remonstrance to them, but he might as well have invoked
the hidden powers of the air or implored the intervention of the waves.
He sought and obtained invitation to be present and sit with the coni-
niitting magistrate at the preliminary hearing which was to be had and
which took place on the day following the murder. The vigilance com-
mittee, learning of tliis, prejjared to anticipate any movement that the
chief justice might make to interfere Avith the execution of their jjurijose.
The hearing was heard in a largo hall which Avas crowded to its utmost
capacity by members of the vigilance committee delegated to do the
stti'u work in hand [against the outside-of-tluvgang prisoners]. The
lirisuners were brought into court, and the chief justice sat at the side
of the examining magistrate. A tall, powerful [mason] with ominous
mien, stood like a sentinel behind the chair on which Judge Green was
sitting. The hearing was concluded, the decision being that the prison-
ers be held for trial. The latter, in charge of policemen, arose from

(615)

516

A VlGILA-NCE COMMl'lTEE.

H .

i '

i» '

fl L

i i

tlieir seats auil were immediately taken possessiou of by the vigiliuicc
committee. Judge Groeu made a motion as though to start to his feet
and iutcrijose. The stnitry at his back di'ew fortli from his coat a
white bed-sheet, and, unfolding it, enveloi^ed the head and body of the
Judge to his knees, and then gi'asped him about the waist with his arms.
Hero was justice blinded with a vengeance, ntruggling in vain to be frcr
agamst the unyielding firmness of those powerful arms. Some one cried
out, 'Don't hurt his Honor,' and the reply of the strong man was, ' I dou't
want to hurt him, but I am bound to hold him.' The great crowd njoved
■out of the hall and repaired to the most public place in the city. There u
scantling hud been i)luced high above the i)avement with ends resting in
the forks of the shade trees, and ou this sciantling Judge Lynch held his
high carnival. A detachment of the committee went to the jail and tool:
out a third victim who was under trial for shooting a i)oliceman [and wlio.
it transpii'cd, was absent from the city at the time] and these three were
suspended side by side from the scantling.

When the ilniim>r of Judge Green's interference seemed to haveimssed
iiway his captor released him, and the captive elbowed his way with almost
incredible speed through the dense mass of people who filled the stri'i>t
and surrounded the gallows, and with his penknife undertook to cut tlie
ropes and rescue the victims of the mob. He was strui-k over the head
with a cune by a i)rominent [masonic] citizen, and auoth(U' i)r()minent citi-
zen deterred him from i)roceediug further by the mild jjcrsuasive of a re-
volver at his head. So his Honor [the only anti-Mason Judge in the terri-
tory], o2)en like every i)oor human l)eing to ccuiviction by argument hit. r
as that, hied himself in sorrow away, while the black crime of treason and
murder triunii>hed over justice and law, luid anineflaceablestainofiiifaiiiv
was put ui)on that community.

We will now bo able to understand the recent remarks of a Seattle
man, who makes a long argument in favor of peace and obedience to law,
earnestly deprecates violence and mob rule [against masons] and suggestH
that the scantling ought to be a perpetual reminder that Seattle is an un-
safe place for law breakers. [If they be outside of the gang. ]

Oh, consistency, thou art a jewel ! "

dil l.4i«<ii<

'^' ^-t \.M^

"For some Aveeks 2>i*^t an objectionable class of persons has been
flocking into Seattle. " [They lived by their w its — gambling, stealing, etc.,
and those of them who were outside of the gang were thrri'fore. not toler-
ated. There were many, however, whose only crime was thch' jini;r/'i.
having already Ijeen shorn, so the gang had no further use for them : in-
deed, they wer . now in their way. So they were falsely accused, and then
driven out to make room for more game. ]

"The Chief of Police and his iiftlo :^'oriJ8 of aids have done all tliev
could to keep this class within bounds, and get vid of them as rapidly ii<
possible. When arrested, they always had money to fee some shyster

HV^

A Vigilance Commitiee.

517

[masonicj lawyer, who would help them out and post them how to evade
the law in future [hke members of the gang, but with them it is all right.
And here is a sample of the " legal fraternity " that the Ciovernor would
fost<'r with the people's money. J

Last night, when one of the jiersons, who had been notified to leave,
openly i)ublished a card in an evening paper, saying, "I take this means
of stating that I will not leave Seattle mo-ely to suit the pleasure of a cer-
tain individual," [who had i)erhaps robbed him] forbearance ceased to be
a virtue. [Indeed !J The Chief of Pohce appointed twenty sjiecials for a
week, and the Committee of Safety also came together [in the dark] and
resolved to sustain the Chief of Police in whatever he undertook. The
committee consists of over two hundred and fifty [masonic lawless] men,
and who will carry out to the letter anything they [as secret conspirators
against the (ioverument] undertake. It was resol /ed, before harsher means
were adopted, to serve a notice ui)on all suspicious or objectionable charac-
ters [except masons, etc.] to leave town on or before this evening, with a
caution not to return. In case all 2)ei'sons receiving this notice comply, no
harsher measure will be used ; but anyone failing to comply does so at his
peril."

"It has been nimore<l that a brother of Payne, who ^\as hung by the
committee [and who, it is lielieved, was htnoci'ut] is here, and has been
making threats against the city and its [masonic] i)eoi)Je. To him we say,
' Leave this place as soon as i)OHsible, for if you attemjjt to avenge the
hanging [murder] of your brother, the same rojje that launched him into
eternity is reauy to do the same for you, and never let that fact escajjo
your memory for one moment. "

"The Chief of I'olice, with ten dejuity city mai-shals, took a walk
throUf^h the 8tro<'r.s last night, and notified as many of the above men-
tioned ch.ar.".ccei"s as they could find to quit the town without delay. The
Chief has a list of those whose presence is not desired longer by this com-
munity, and before noon to-day they will all receive notice to leave, and
well will it be for those who stand not ujjon the order of their going, but
goat once." [^Many of these had been induced to immigrate here by
llaraing immigration i)amphlets of the gang, and were now fleeced and
thus driven out, with no Ciovernor or troops or martial law to protect

them !J •

» *

" A letter from Tortland int'oriiis us that it was thought over there
that our people were ashamed of their conduct lust Thursday night, and
that the news was accordingly Bupi)r(>ssed. Suppress it ! ^Ve were proud
't' tlie town and its brave and i^rompt citizens [x vigilance committee],
business was suspended in a moment, and every man stepped out pre-
jiared to do or die to save his property and his uev;ld)or's. [But for out-
sidei-s to do thia against the gang, is held by the courts and Governors to
1)0 a heinous crime.]

¥. 1

rAH

A Vigilance Committee.

"rfi

The villaius quailed in a moment, and slunk out of sight [they not
liaving a secret organization and prostituted courts to protect them] while
the committee of safety took possession of the town.

The acts of the 18th of January were by no means taken with so in-
telligent and determined a purpose. They worked all night and they
hustled off dozens of the Avorst characters in toA\n [that were outside of
the gang] before breakfast. Suj)i)ress the rejjorts ! It Avas the general
\\ ish that they be spread all over the country, that blatVklegs [outside of
tlu' gang] might be confirmed in the knowledge that Seattle is no i^am

for them."

* *

U 4. 1

>i II

"The scantling used in the hanging of three bad men [outside of the
gang] last January is still iu place, ready for use, and if cause is given
other men will dangle under it on short notice. Let blacklegs [outside of
the gang] take warning."

[It was and is the gener 1 custom of the towns of the country to thus
drive out "objectionable" citizens, against Avhcjm tlu^re is no proof of
crime, (and who are frequently only fleeced victims of the gang) and who
are not joined to secret brotherhoods, thus having no inflxience at court.

A.nd Chief Justice Green in an address to a grand jury said this:]

' ' There are ajuong us, and elscAvhere tlwoughout the United States, ii
variety of societies and combinations of jjcrsons. But as persons nuiy
combine for a lawful, so they may — and unhai)i)ily do — for imhiAvful pni-
poses. A combination to accomi)lish an unlawful purpose, or a lawful
purpose by unlawful means, is called a conspiracy, and if it iirocemls u
single step in furtherance of its end, it deserves to be at once oppused ctn-r-
gctirdlh/ hy all irJio lore llii^ lair aial ila^i re peace.

The combination may take the form of a firmly compacted and ciii( -
fully ordered organization, or it may have the looser coherence of a com
miltce, or a mere assemblage. It matters not what form it may take; if
the persons who ec)in])Ose it are combined for a common and unlawful
])nrpose, and are acting in pursuance of that])uri)ose, there is aconspiracv.
indictable and punishable,

(lovernment is for all men iniliscriminaleli/. A free government is no
respecter of i)ersons. It cannot give to one class more lights than to
others irithoiit <ihrit/</iii;/ the n'i///ls of Uidxp o/Jiers,

It cannot allow one class to take to itself more rights than other cliisscs
Avithout alloAving that class to o/yMVw.s tl/asi- others. It cannot alloAv one diiss
to define Avhat rights another class shall h-vve, Avithout deserting its govern-
mental trust <///(/ (/('///vv/^/f/ orcr AW/zc A^/,y (•/f^s•,s• [or brotherhood] to irrc-
dressihle ti/rau tii/.

A citizen cannot divifie his allegiance anil yim it parti ii to his (/nrernwi'nf
anil partlu to some society, or league, or committee, whose aims are in mi'i
particular hostile to or at rarianee irith the anthoriti/ of the f/orernmenl.

Nor can he be acting the part of a good citizen, if he is endeavoriuf,'

A ViGIIANCE CoMMrriEE.

519

by combination aiul force' to accomplish what the commonwealth will not
lend the power of its arm to him to do.

Still less can he be a good citizen, if by like means he is trying to do
what the government is pledged to oi)i)Ose.

Such conduct on his ^mrt carried into overt act of armed violence of
any kind, is more than conspkacy, it is insurrection and treason.

To attempt to deprive a man of his 'life' by force or fright, [or fraud]
is manifestly an unlawful act.

Quite as manifestly unlawful is it, to try by si;ch means to take away
his 'liberty.'

And what shall I say of an attemjjt against his ' jjursuit of happiness?'

Is it not equally unlawful to restrain him, by such means, in that pur-
suit 'I Clearly it is. Veiy essential to the happiness of a human being is
the liberty to see and speak to and deal with his fellow-men, to employ
and be emjdoyed, to give and receive mutual attention and kindnesses,
and to form and cultivate the ties of friendship and affection.

Any combination to deny to any human being these sources of happi-
ness, or any of them, is unlawful.

Who the person or persons may be, Avhose life, liberty or ])ursnit of
happiness is thus interfered with, matters not.

He may be a laboring man or he may be an idler; he may be rich or
ht^ may be jjooi*. It makes uo difference.

There [is supposed to be] one hu\ for all, and that which is unlawful
as against one, is unlawful as against any.

Ladies and gentlemen, lawlessness let alone, is an encroaching horror. "

[Such was the custom of " lawlessness," "insurrection " and "treason "
against white citizens outside of the gang, because they wer(> "objection-
abl(^ ■' to another class, many of whom were gilded wholesale robbers and
thieves and a far greater curse to good i^eople and homes, than those they
would lynch or drive away.

Yet their victims had uo Governor, troops or courts tf) protect them,
or pr(>ss to howl the "lawless traitors" down.

The Chinese were also objectionable to the peoi)le. They were really
a blisteiing curse against the prosperity and dignity of the common peojjle.

John Brown starteel the fight and advanced against slavery. He was
howled down, stigmatized and hung for it. Others took up his fight, and
with others to do the fighting, hai)peued to succeed and were glorified.

Uenuis Kerney started the agitation against the Chinese and advanced
t; ' cause. He was howled down, stigmatized and imiirisoned for it by the
^bisons, who were against him and his cause. But the people were with
iiim at heart and ai)plied their ballots to the cause.

Seeing this. Masons put on Kerney 's old shoes, sung Kerney 'h war
songs to the biggest crowd, and rode into office.

Where they betrayed and tricked the people with Hawed laws and

' 1 t j t\

520

A Vigilance Committee.

' I

prostituted courts to ])rotoet their brethren, instead of to r(«niove tlie
Chinese curse, us they wer*^ pledged and sworn to do.]

* »
*

" Dnn;/ Thir/ Chuiiij, tin' hi'iidnuister of the Chinese Free M/iHntm and
chief i/ the hi[)hhin<lers of lirilish Colinnliia" says the Victoria Colonist, "was
l)uried on the 11th, inst., with all the ceremonies due his rank, from the

Masonic hall."

* »
*

"It seems strange that the law makers arc! unable to frame a law
wliich will effectually exclude the Chinese. Each bill that has been passed
by C'ougress vith this end in view, has proved to be miserably defei-tivc.
No sooner has Congi'ess adjoui-ued than the Chinese and his [jNIasonic]
American friends 'discover' innumerable rents in the law, through wliidi
the unwelcome immigrant can enter the country almost without molcsta
tion. The last anti-Chinese law ■was thought [by outsiders] to be almost
perfect, but time has shown that it is little, if any, better than the futile
enactment which preceded it.

If a more effective law is not framed before long, the people Avill In -
lieve that the Senators and Representatives are fooling them, and that tlie
laws are passed with the inteuti<in rather of helping the Chinese in, tlian
keeping them out. "

[The consetiuence of which was that:] "There are i>lenty of applica-
tions to labor at $15 per month for the next .six months. No excuse imw
for hiring Chinamen because they are cheap."

[And cases like the following:]

"The Sixth Victim.
Death of Mr. Mineer, husband of the woman irho burned herself and chihh'en.
E.r<ra-ordin<n'i/ sad case <f pocerti/.

Olympia, Dec. l{)th, 1885. The recent sad event which occurrcnl iicai'
this i)lace [right under the Governor's nose], by which a mother and In r
four I'hildren were hurried into eternity, Avas rendered still more .sad wluii
it was learned that the husband, Mr. Mineer, Avho escaped tlirongh tlie
window Avith his little daughter, had been so 'nadly burned from the wai'-i
down tliat his death, which took i)lace the morning after the fire, was but
a relief from intense suffering. The little girl may recover, but it is doubt-
ful, and thus a whole family will be completely annihilated through tlic
insanity of the poor mother, who had for some time been desijondent over
financial difliculties, under the severe pressure of which her mind ultimately
gav(> way.

It seems the i)oor woman has for some timu been working herself al-
most to donth to keep her family from sutiering and want. And her Inis-
band, who has been engaged in farming in a small way, was unable, owing
to Chiiu>se competition, to make his business j)ay. Seeing nothing ()ef()ro
them but starvation, want, or the almshouse, the unfortunate [victim ef
Masonry], seeing life itself and all its pleasures slipping from her grasji.

- mm

"■I,;

1«1

A Vigilance CoMAirrrEE.

521

I ' Hif '

, t
1 :

o r(»inove the

>e Musotm tiiiil

iColotlisI, "WllH

•ank. from tin;

,o frame, a law
las bet'u passed
ably defective.
I bis [Masonic]
tbrmigb which
itbotit moh'stii
■s] to be almost
• than the futile

peojjle will bi -
m, and that the
'binese in, thiiu

snty of applica-
No excuse now

I'lf (tad cliihh-i'ii.

•b occnrreil neuv
inotber and In r

more sad when
ked through the
[l from tli(> wai-i
the tire, was biit

but it is doiibt-
|ed through the
llespondent ovcv
I miud ultimately

irking herself al-
And her hus-

XH uuable, owing
L nothing lieforo
[unate [victim of

from her grasi',

i i 111

conceived the idea that by destroying the entire family with a blow, she
would save them from a more wretched fate. Having made every pre-
paration for the sad event, after saturating the house with coal oil, she
finally concluded the dreadful work by throwing the Kerosene over her
husband's clothes, thus destroying every chance of saving him fron\ a fiery
death. But little of the remains of the children could be found after the
fire, and the woman's head was completely consumed."

"The country is overrun with idle men in search of work, but few
succeed in obtaining jobs, and they do not know what to do. Home re-
ceive employment at a dollar a day; others wander over the country, pack-
ing their blankets and asking for something to eat when hungry, as they
move along. Be kind to such men, for they are not professional tramps,
but poor, deluded laborers, who came a great distance to seek honest toil,
but found it not.

How cheerless such men's prospects !"

[The "kindness" accorded such as those was to be stigmatized as
"vagrants," Arc, kc, and imi)risoned and ilriren out, because they had no
unshorn fleece and were, therefore, " susincioiis " and "objectionable "
i'haractei.3 to other men who had been thrown up by accident or raist^d by
tlieir own villainy, and who should tremble because of their undivulged
crimes, unwhipped of justice. Yet, such as the following article could be
seen in the press mo.st any day.]

"There were large numbers of aiTests, and the 'cooler' was , rowded
to its utmost capacity. With one or two exceptions vagrancy was tin' c/inri/i:
and the parties will be sitmmarily sent out of tin' city and warned not to n--
t>tni."

[And there was no Governor, no troops, no courts, no j)rotection
wlnitever for these victims, many of wln)m "could a tale unfold wliose
lislitest word would harrow \ip thy soul."]

"I am," says the writer, "a laboring nnm, and have hard work to
make a living for a family, and if the spirit of oppression that is contiuu-
iilly growing does not stop, our condition will soon be wor.se than that of
tlie laboring men of England. Numerous cases have come up lately in
tliis community, where honest laboring men have! been swindled out of
tlieir Avages and turned out upon the road to tramp, beg or steal." [Tlien*
lieing no Governor, no troops, no courts, in) pi'otectiou whatever for thi'm,
in person or property.]

"They [the Masons] had no ear for anything but money ! money !
liiouey ! It was madness to urge morality— it was ruin to speak of law."

* *

" The Seattle delinquent tax list is l;3 fe(>t long. Poor Seatth-
liast thou done ? " [Suffered nnuubers of the gang to hohl otHce. J

wliat

CHAPTER XXX.

11 !

U--

h>, m

I I

The Taijtakic Masonic Horde vs. Amebic an Citizens. — The anti-Chinose
C!out>ress, etc., etc. — (How to read newspapers intelligently.)

"A Crisis!"

1 O the thinking man — oven to the man who does not think — it is evi-
dent that we are upon a momeutons ciisis. Never in the history of Pugct
Sound has there boon a time when it was more clearly the duty of thu
calm to remain calm, of the law-abiding to maintain their resi)ect for law, of
the passionate to hold their i)assions in restraint. The air is full of
rumors, and they all mean that the jjeople vdU soon have to solve for
themselves a most important problem.

Our towns are full of idle men, of men who are willing and anxious to
■work at ai wages, however low. All they demand is a bare living for
themselves and families. This they must have."

[The Chinese and American masons in conjunction had prostituted
the Government and courts, so as to uulUfy the laws excluding the Chiucsc
from the coimtry; this so inHamed the people, many of whom were in sore
distress on account of the same, that they determined to rectify such iu-
triguing deeds of darkness, and virtually enfoi'ce the laws against them.

It being customary to kill, rob and diive out jjoor American citizens
■with impunity, though being lawfully where they were, only beca'aso
they were "obje(;tionable," Avhy then should these objectionable
masons, who de.spise and discard and i)rostitute our Government, sot v.\)
one of their own in our very midst — lurking in the dark — to which they
owe their allegiance; are here in violation of law, without honesty or
virtue, a swarm of masonic vermin ovor-croei)ing the land, gaining by
intrigue and masonry what their ancestors did over the Koman Empire by
force of arms. Why then should they have any more influence, power
and protection, with and from our Government, than full-fledged Ameri-
can citizens ?]

"The Anti-Chin esk Congress

assembled at Seattle to consider the best method to rid the Puget Souml
country of the Chinese curse. There was a very large attendance,
nearly all principal points on the Sound being fully reijresented.

Mayor Woisbac^k, of Tacoma, Mas chosen Chairman. Ho consider<>(l
the (luestion as of the highest importance to the whole nation as well as
to this section. There has been nothing since the war so impoitiint.
These Chinamen are not here under authority of law. When the laws
fail to afford the people i)rotection, the people are in duty bound to
l)rotect themselves. The people, when united, can accomplish wond(>rs.
We started in six months ago, at Tacoma, to fight the Chinamen. Wo
legislated against them in our city council, but [their brethren] of San

iW2)

f..

1 'fl^

Che anti-Cliiue«e
;ently.)

think— it is cvi-
hiatory of Pugct
the duty of the
espect for Uuv, of
le air is full of
lave to solve for

ig anil anxious to
1 bare living for

Q had prostitutod
uding the Chinese
yhom were in sore
) rectify such iu-
^'s against thcni.
American citiziMW
■re, only becauso
se objectioualile
vernment, sot up
>k_to which thev
thout honesty or
land, gaining hy
Roman Empire hy
influence, power
kll-fledged Amori-

the Puget Souiul
I large attcndanee,
^•esented.

He considered

I nation as well as

lar so important.

When the laws

In duty bound to

jompUsh wond(>rs.

Chinamen. AVo

brethren] of Ktm

The Taktauic Horde.

523

Francisco have emi)loyed [masonic] lawyers to break down my Govern-
iiu'iit and declare our ordinances void. We went to those [masons] who
rent houses to them and tried to get them to covenant with us that thoy
would not rent or lease to Chinamen, but they refuse to sign. You curse
the Chinamen for coming here. They are not to blame. You ouglit to
take the men who brought them here by the neck and choke them. In
this crusade you have the united caiutal [masons] of the coast against you
— a hard fight. I have been engaged in the work for years; chains and
prisons have been my portion, but I believe there is an eternal justice."

"Dr. Taylor referred to the insults heaped iiiiou the working
people by [masonic] cai^ital, and to the hardships endured by jjoor
laboring women on account of Chinese competition. Ho advocated
boycotting all who emijloyed Chinamen."

"Mr. Magill said, vixen he left Tacoma, his constituents had told
him that if any of their delegates became weak-kneed, or faltered, to
telegraph the fact, and they would never be allowed to land."

" G. Venerable Smith spoke of the anti-Chinese crusade in California,
and the obstacles which had been thrown in the way of any legal measures
owmg to the interpretation by the [masonic] courts and the [masonic]
lawyers."

" Tiie committee presented, and the meeting unanimously adojited
the following :

I'n^mnhli' mxl Hanoi iilinns.

"The citizens of Western Washington Territory in convention assem
bled, for the imrposo of devising, ways and mi>ans to lid our Territory from
the presence of the Chinese, declare the following princi])les and resolu-
tions as our own sentiments :

"It is the duty of our citizens to organize themselves for the expul-
sion of and protection against the invasion and the presence of elements
foreign to the principles of the laws of existence, of self -protection, of
unitnal good government and its aims and results, our individual and col-
lective welfare and haiipiness.

" Life's highest gain is individual hapi)iness, the duty of true iiiid
just government, is to jn'omote the same, to create, dis2)ense and promote
the greatest good to the greatest nur'ber. Where governments are formed
thoy are and ought to be a mutuui i uulract for equal rights, ecpial burdens
and equal justice to all, thereby promoting the welfare and happin«!ss of
uU its members. No government "an be just where elements are permitted
to exist, which, by their nature, are not fully res2ionsible to all duties of
citizenshij), and whose i)roductions flow not in a collective fund to enrich
the commonwealth with their ])roductiveness, and assist tlu! same with
their full, true, and loyal support. The principles are most gros.sly vio-
lated when elements are introduced in the body politii^ which, while they
share the full rights, benefits and i)rotection of the go^•ernment with
tlie rest of the citizens, are [as mason^] not in sym])atliy and accord with

'*.i i

?. ■

< I

ill

t i

I i

',ll*

W^M

ill"!! 4 i

' )

^.1

'A t tl! I-J

I I* Mi'' 4-

lis j ( » , i

524

A Crisis.

the same. They become factors iu our iustitutious, coudiictive of coudi-
tions which are positively and absolutely in every respect in direct oi)i)(p-
sition with every principle of trne Republican Democratic Government,
are iu opposition with every law of i)olitical economy, and are oiipoaed td
our homes, families, health, decency and morality.

"Resolved, That the present excited state of the i)eoijle on this coast,
and the depressed conditions of industries and commerce, are due to and
directly traceable to the persistent refusal of Congress to legislate in the
interi'sts of the people.

' ' Resolved, That it is our hrm and steadfast resolution to rid our Terri-
tory, and if possible the United States, from the presence of Chinese slave
labor.

" Resolveil, That to accomplish this end we ask all citizens to dischar^'e
all Chinese in their emi)loy.

"Resolved, That on the return of the delegates to their respective
localities, they shall call mass meetings, to be held October 3, 1885, for
the pm'i>ose of aiJi)ointing committt 3s to notify the Chinese to leave on or
before November 1, 1885. [White American citizens were generally given
• only a few hours or even minutes.] These delegates shall call mass nutt-
ings of the citizens to hear the reports of said committee on November (i.
1885."

"Seattle, October 16th, 1885.

M.'. Editor ;— We, the citizens of Seattle, wish to get a hearing iu
some way in reference to the Chinese question, as it is impossible to do h(i in
the palmers published in Seattle, they being published in the interests of a
few wealthy [masons] Avho have houses and gardens to rent to Chinaniou.
There are probably not more than fifty pei'sons in Seattle (of 7,000 or
8,000 inhabitants] who wish the Chinese to remain here and on the Sound.
Those fifty are [masons] who have shanties and gardens to rent to China-
men.

Every meeting held and every speech made by the Anti-Chinese
people hero is ridiculed and called incendiary and the like by the papers
of Seattle.

I ask if we are not all united in the desire to be rid of the Chinanion ?
I ask if a few aristocrats and lovers [masonic brothers] of Chinamen are
going to dictate to the people what they shall do ? As this movement is
for the universal good of the people, I ask why not all join in the good
work? H. B. Kidder."

izenH todiscbaiL'e

CHAPTER XXXI.

"Anti-Chinese." — "A i/rvnt <li'inonslratio7i." — The larf/est torch-liijlil pro-
cession eri'v saen hi the Territorii. — An enlhusiaslic mcetinij. — Speeches
and liesaliilintis. — (How to read the press "botAveen the Hues.")

I . J. KNOFF was elected secretary and Mrs. Ivonworthy vice-prosidout.
The lady said: "I thauk you for the honor aud hope I shall never disgrace
the positiou. I shall always stand by the workiugman. Abraham Lincoln
said, ' Keep near the workiugman, aud you will always be right. '

J. A. Comerford said: 'When I look about at this vast concourse of
people which, by the j)ermis.sion of Governor [Maaou] and the deputy
sheriffs, have met together, when I see such an array of ladies aud gtMitlc-
uien and hear the generous applause, I realize that this is more than uu
ordinary occasion. In the dispatchi's we road, your dude milk and
water Governor said, ' the better class of jx'ojjle were in favor of the Chinese
remaining.' I ask the Governor by what standard ho judges this i)eoi)le.
Fll fell Governor [Mttson] thnt he lies from his teeth to his heart, wheti he calls
the [i[aso)iic\ thieves ivlio stole our timber and coal lands the better class of
our citizens. There has not even becu a queue on one of their heads twist-
ed, and yet Governor [Mason] talks of quartering troops in our midst. If
I should meet a uuin with a musket standing around, to keep my con-
scieuce, I would kill him, if my steel would reach his heart. In Tacoma
we had 800 Chinamen. We told them to go. We now have about 100,
who would go but for a gagging [Masonic] corjioration, which tells them
to stay.

Tho two i)er cent, sharps who have robbed the i)eoi}le of their coal
aud timber lands, will learn to their sorrow that this is not riot, but a re-
voluticm. Laws never enforce themselves. I'll tell Governor [Mason], if
he is honest he will arm his dei)uties aud make a coast guard to keep the
Chinamen out. We have no dei)uties in Tacoma; the man who woidd ac-
cept such a positiou would be a marked man.'

P. P. Good said: ' I would lik(! to know, if I am one who does not be-
long to the resjK'ctalilc citizens (if WnsliiiKjton Tcrritori/. I would like to
knew if Governor [Mason] could get as large a class of followers as we
have to-night '

The following resolutions were read and adapted:

' The Chinese bring with them habits and customs the most vicious
and demoralizing. They [like their American brethren] ai-e scornful of
our laws and institutions. They [like other Masons] have their own gov-
ernments, tribunals and punishmetits within our own, securely separated
and protected from our own, as if in the mterior of China, and are utterly

(5'J5i

; ,1

526

A Great Demonstuation.

:i|i:'s|

unfitted for American citizenship. They creep in by frand, evasion and
ciinniug. In vain have the pooi)le protested, mnrmtired and compLiiiicd
of the weakness of the treaty, the hiws and the efforts to cxchulo them.
In vain have they cried against this calamitous, this liumiliatiug evil.
Therefore, revoked, that to save oui'selves from this bhghting e\-il, it is
necessary that more prompt and vigorous measures than have heretol'dii!
lioeu exorcis(!d, shouhl be used. That i)ublic sentiment, liaving lost faitli
in all other nuithods, is aroused to the firm determination of using its
own forces and the social influences under its control to that end; and li>'-
lieviug that when the ])urpose of ii free i)eople is formed, and inteusilicd
by disai)2)oiutment and betrayals in its reliance upon usual methods, iiiid
in the face of great danger and humiliation, as in the present case, tluit
such a imblio sentiment is irresistible, and that, if wisely directed ami
shaped by agitation, organization and discussion, it will manifest and en-
force the highest expression of law by a free iH'Oi)le, to the laudable end
of excluding the Mongolian curse from the land.' "

[At a subseciuent big meeting the following was read and adopted:]

" Wlicreas, about four years ago, certain of our leading citizens, busi-
ness men and others, forcibly took from the officers of the law and from
the county jail three per.sons charged with crime and, without trial and
against law, sumnuuily executed them, and, according to the letter of i\w
law, said citiztms, business men and other persons committed delibenite
and jiremeditatod murder, and set at defiance the law of the land; and

WJii'rcds, such acts have gone without prosecution, and althongh
sev^eral Grand Juries were expressly instructed to find indictments against
the guilty i)arties in such acts of murder, no indictment was ever found
thereon, although there had been no such laxity in the administration of
justice that should then justify such extreme measures under the excuse
of a last resort, but not now Avishmg to palliate the nt>cessity or justici; of
such acts on the part of those who thus took the law in their own hands,
we are opposed to mttkhigjish of one set of citizens and fowl of another.

Resolved, that the citizens of Tacoma, who removed the Chineoe fioni
their city by force, which was chf.acterized by no violence or uncivili/.rd
act, Avere moved by a gi-eater i)ublic necessity and public indignation tbiin
sustained the people of Seattle in taking the lives of their victims, and
that said latter necessity and ijublic indignation was founded more in the
laxity of the administration of the law, the otherwise irremediable public
injuries of a Avorse character than Avas charged against the Seattle victims,
as being or leading to multiplication of such acts so charged, and after the
people of Tacoma, in common Avitli others throughout the coast, have been
more forbearing under greater Avrongs and oppressions of long sufl'eriug,
by the neglect of the Government and its non-protection of its own citizens,
without other hope of relief.

Resolved, that it is the almost unanimous opinion of public sentiment
on the Pacific Coast, Avhere the facts and circumstances ai*e known and

A Great Demonstration.

527

1(1, evasion iind
111 compliiiiicil
exclutio the 111.
imiliatiug evil.
itiug e\i], it is
lave heretofoi'i!
aving lost faith
)n of using its
it end; and 1m'-
aud inten.sitii'd
il methods, and
eseut case, tliut
[y directed and
anifest and eu-
16 laudable end

lud adopted : j
g citizens, bnsi-
le law and from
itlioiit trial aiul
the letter of the
lifted delilxnate
le land ; and
and although
ctnieuts against
■was ever found
llininistratiou of
der the excuse
ty or justicti of
cir own hands,
\(if another.
lie Chinpso fiom
or uncivilizt d
dignatiou than
[eir victims, aiul
ed more in the
ediable public
Seattle victims,
d, and after the
oast, have been
long sufl'eriug,
its own citizens,

understood, that the citizens of Tacoma who are indiitted for removing the
Chinese from that city, have elfccted great i)ubli(! good in thi! only elTcct-
ual manner; we, in common with the mass of citizens on tins coast, believe
tliat the prt)secution of said iii<lu'tments will ert'cct no good ~ -wouhl bo an
injustice to tho defendants, whilst tlic Seiittlo lyncliors go unpi'osecutcd,
and we, therefore, request that either suits for indictments lie disnusscd,
or with such jjroposcd ])ros(H'ution the Scuttle lynchers be also prose(uit<'il.
so that justice irithaiit discriiniiiatiou irill lie meted out hi/ theao-caUed impartial
ailmiiiistrafur o/ justice under afree gorertimod.

Remlved further, that the United States attorney should wash his
liands of the charges against him in taking part in tlie execution of the
thn^e men in Seattle, before he undertakes to jjrosecute tin* Tacoma
citizens."

" ;l/;".s. M. A. Kenworthii [among others] was called. She was truly
surprised when elected on the committee, but never desired to stand back
when duty to her country demanded her scr^•ices.

' I fear these Chinamen will be prott>cted by men and cause inucli
trouble. This is a serious matter and cannot be accomplished in a day.
These Chinese are in our families, they take the work from our girls. Did
you ever read the appeal of tho working women of San Francisco, and
hear the jn'ayers of tho poor, star\-ing creatures who are trying to work at
Chinamen's Avagcs and suppoi't their families ? Do you wonder that these
women are driv(>n to desi)eration and ruin ? I would do anything on
earth, before T would see my children starve. I would take my pistol and
shoot my way tlirough. '"

' • I

ii*

■ -li >

"■'■ t

iblic sentiment
ire ^nown and

vHl' ''

CHAPTER XXXII.

The Tacoma TROUBLE rtw/ EXODUH. — " Striiii/ht/t)rir(tyd sfuti^n'^nt sifj>icil hi/
prominent citizen^.'" — [Which will apply as well to the oxoiluH of ihe
Chiuosc lit Seattle. ]

1 NASMUCH as many, actiug ou misiuf ormatiou or actuated by malc-
voleuiH*, have taken it in hand to assiduously niisr('i)roseut the facts con-
cciuiny the exodus of the Chinese from Taeoma, on the 55d of November,
lH8r>, it IS deemed advisable to i)lace the facts as they exist b(!fore the
pid)lii'. There was no insurrection, no mob seized the reins of govern-
ment or attempted to control the administration f)f the law, there was
no violence off'ta'ed to the person, or dama ; done to the property of a
single Chinamen, the people did not force open the doors or seize upou
or destroy the effects of the Chinamen, there was not a club, ax, knuv ,
gun, pistol or Aveapon seen or known to have been in the possession of
any of the parties who waited upcm the Chinamen, their goods wcic
not thrown into the street, they were; not driven out to an 02)en i)rairio,
or left without shelter, there was not a Chinaman that died or that was
struck, not a single drop of Chinese blood was shed, not a single China-
man could show a bruise receivt d from a wliite nuxn There was

no uois or excitement; no harsh or cru(H ti atraent was manifested
toward the intruding i)eo])le. Many of ti. mm ' ado their acquiiiutanc^es
on the committee and in the crowd a friendly good-bye. So quiet was
it that many of the citizens did not know of the exodus until they read
of it in the city papers. During the day there was but one man seen
that was under the influence of liquor, and he was closely guarded.

On the morning of November 3d, the citizens assembled, organized
themselves into a committee and started for the various Chinese dens,
whore the Committee of Fifteen, formally aiijjointed by the pubUc, aj)-
peared ami notified the inmates thereof that the time allotted for their
departure had arrived, and that the committee would aid them if they
wished to leave the city. The Chinamen, with few excei)tions, began im-
mediately to pack their goods. A guard was i)laced over their places to
see that no one molested them To •i'< were furnished them without cost,
and their goods were ti tusj)' ;ed to ine nearest depot outside of the city.
A committee of citi >"U with them and procurtnl shelter for them for

the night. Food ii lance was sen to them by the citizens. Every

kindness that the ci. ustance^ would permit of was shown them by all,
The social necessity til a reqir -d their de2)arture Avas not allowed to in-
terfere with the dictates of h manity. To OA-ery Chinaman Avhose business
Avas such that he C(mld not go, time Avas giA'en. To those to Avhom any one
Avas indebted, every assistance that Avas possible Ava.'; r;iven, to collector get
their at^counts secured. Some live Aveeks preA'ious to their departure, a

The Tacoma ExoDua

529

mient sifjnrd h,/
exoiluH <.n ilif

lUited by malc-
tho facts cou-
l of NovcuiVier,
xiHt Ixiforo the
eiiis of goveru-
law, tlieio wuH
e ijvoperty of a
V8 or seize upou
ehil), ax, kiiiK.,
ho possession (if
hi'ir goods wcnc
au opeu pvaivif.
died or that a\ iis
)t a single Chiua-

There was

t was manifested
■ir acquaintances
e. So quiet was
|s until they read
^it one man seen
isely guarded.
Iiubled, organized
|iis Chinese dens,
the public, ap-
illotted for their
[aid them if they
)tions, began ini-
)r their places to
liem without cost,
jtside of the city.
slter for them for
citizens. Every
iwn them by all,
it allowed to in-
|,u whose business
[to Avhom any one
,, to collect or get
[heir departure, a

peaceable solution of the question was sought, and agreement was made to
pay the Chinamen for their immovables. They agreed to accept 82,500
and d< part, but when the final arrangements were being completed, they
took a sudden change and refused to negotiate further, saying, that if
their property was destroyed they could get damages from the United
States Gov> rument."

[And I noticed that September 2-t, 1888, a ma.souic senator " offered
an amendment api)roi)riating $270,000. ' for indemnity for outrages on
Chinese in the Territories; agreiid to, the bill was then i)assed. "

But the outraged white citizens have no recourse ; their " truth and
justice is buried, and fraud and guile succeed. "J

" The Chinese houses in Tacoma were all the abodes of social sins,
ojuum dens and gambling holes. The burnt district consisted of a scant
Imlf acre on the tide flats. In this small space, in low, comjiact huts, with
secret passage-ways in every direction, lived over 400 Chinamen,
with fifty-two hogs, and chickens and ducks unnumbered. Here were
stores, washhouses and restaurants ; here were many women, and only one
of whom had the dignity of being a Avife, The origin of the fire in China-
town is unknown. Chinamen stated to vai'ious jiersons that they did not
care for their i)roperty, for if it was destroyed the [masonic] Chinese
Consul at Washington would make the Government pay them for it. That
the United States Government would reimburse them for whatever was
lo.st was a universal belief among them. The fire occurred two days sub-
sequent to their dei)arture. Their goods and effects were nearly all gone;
the remnants were ready to leave on the morning train. The old shells
and dens were not worth $1,000, and the place where they stood was held
on sufferance. The health officer had inspected the place and 'jronouuced
it the ATilest spot he had ever examined used as a human habitation.

The parties indicted are all men of i)roperty, cliaracter, and social
worth. Of them three are merchants, three journalists, two retail butchers,
six carpenters and builders, three blacksmiths, one draughtsman, two
plumbers, one photograjiher, one brickmason, one shoe manufacturer, one
farmer, one moulder, one boat builder, one civil engineer, and one lawyer.
They include the Mayor of Tacoma, two of the city council, the Probate
Judge of Pierce county, the Chief of the Fire Depaiiment, and the Presi-
dent of the Young Men's Christian Association. All but two have families,
and represent sixty-four children and eleven grandchildren. All of them
are citizens, sixteen native-bom. Eleven ser>?d in the United States
army during the late war. These men simply canied out the wishes cf
uine-tenths of the people of Tacoma.

[No Chinese have since resided in Tacoma, which would have been
the case with Seattle and the other jjlaces, but for the discrimination in
favor of the Clunese over native citizens by maoonic officials — their breth-
ren.

Let no such men be trusted. ]
34

■II i

UL^M

rf'i ■

a .{j I ,4

1 VI

r rr

CHAPTER XXXIII.

iSifory of the Captain of the Queen an to the Seattle exodus. — .97 Ghinmnen in
court.—" The Government is strung and will protect the Masons."

i HE captain said, that "the first intimation he had of any disorder in
Seattle was abont 7 o'clock on Sunday morning, -when wagons and carts
and everything that would carrj' freight came rumbUng down to the wharf,
accompanied by a few Chinese attendants, and at once proceeded to un-
load. Soon after the Captain started up-town, and on liis way met a large
crowd of citizens, who accosted liim with the remark that ' the Chinese
must go, and on his steamer, too.'

At that time the uprising element comprised at least 3000 peo^jle, and
the entire city seemed to be subject to their control. There were no threats
to speak of, nor tendency toward mob violence — simply a determined tip-
rising that might result in something serious, if its purpose was impeded.

That it was the general desire of the citizens of Seattle, that the
Cliinese should go, and that the entire city was in sympathy with the up-
rising was apparent from the fact that as soon as he announced that nouo
could go on his steamer unless his fare was paid, money began to accumu-
late in the hands of a certain committee, and in less than fifteen minutes
the fares of 171 Chinese had been paid, the money obviously coming from
the purses of the wealthier classes.

The 'Queen' did not sail at her appointed time. On Monday the first
lot of Chinese who were driven to the dock, 87 in number, were demandod
on a writ of habeas corpus to appear iu court and state whether or not
they were wiUing to go. [They having influence at court that citizens
have no .] Seventy-one replied affirmatively and were returned, and
afterwarus 100 more were taken on board, although in no instance until
each had acknowledged that it was his desire to leave. Could
have taken a large number in addition, had it not been that he was re-
stricted by law as to the number of steerage passengers.

Those who were left were coralled with their baggage in a large ware-
house on the dock. As long as Le remained in the town, ther3 was no
violence Avhatever, only the intense determination, which seemed to in-
crease ■with each hour and Avas attended vnth great excitement. Just a
short time after he sailed out of the harbor, however, he heard the crack
of rifles, and knew then that the worst had come."

[How the Government will protect Masonic Chinamen, when evon
home-building American citizens cannot even get a hearing against thu
gang.]

"All the Chinese on board the ship were escorted to the court-house
by the sheriff and his posse. The Chinese iu the warehouse also came
along, but they remained outside the building during the trial. [Whieli

(B30)

)7 Cliinamen in
Wtsoiis."

auy disorder in
agona and carts
)wn to the wluivf,
iroceeded to nu-

way met a large
;bat 'theCbineHe

3000 people, and
:e were no threats
a determined ni>-
)8e was impeded.
Seattle, that the
athy with the iii)-
lounced that none
began to accumu-
lan fifteen miniates
)usly coming from

Monday the first
21-, were demanded
ito whether or not
anrt that citizens
^re returned, ami
no instance until
lo leave. Coulil
[n that be was re-

U in a large ware-
lown, ther3 was no
|cb seemed to in-
[citement. Just a
beard the crack

Umeu, when even
earing against the

Jto the court-house
(rehouse also came
Ihe trial. [Which

The Seattle Exodus.

531

proved thai they needed no protection froir violence in the streets.] United
States prosecuting attorney appeared for the Chinamen.

After getting the names of the 97 Chinamen, the Judge had Lue King
sworn m as interpreter [what does a Chinese Mason or highbinder care for
an oath ?] and through him spoke as follows :

' Lue King tell them that the court has been told that they are con-
fined on board the steamship 'Queen of the Pacific' against their will. The
court is willing, if they desire, that they shall go as passengers, but no
man or set of men has a right to compel them to go. So, if they wisli ti>
stay, they must let the court know it now. I will have the name of each
man called separately, and let him tell whether he wants to go or stay.
Tell them, not to be afraid to speak what is in their hearts. The Govern-
ment is strong and will protect them. Tell them, that as their names are
called all those who are willing to keej) their tickets and go to CaUfornia
must express a willingness to do so, and all who want to give up their
tickets and stay here must say so. '

Sixteen expressed a desire to stay, and 71 a ■willingness to go. They
were all escorted back to the wharf, and those who had expressed a will-
ingness to go were placed upon the ship. A great many of those whose
baggage was on the wharf went back to the dock and expressed a willing-
ness to go, provided transijortation was furnished them."

[Native citizens, when "objectionable," have to get out the best way
they can, and no foolishness.]

* *

"About 10 o'clock a report came to the ears of Sheriff" [Mason], that
the Shore Line train was to be caj^tured and the Chinamen left on the
Ocean Dock were to be placed on it and taken to Tacoma. A sufficient
siun of money had been raised to bay tickets on the cars to Tacoma. The
Sheriff notified the R. R. Company that it would be held rosijonsible for
auy damages resulting from the carrying off of the Chinese [Masons] unlaw-
fully and against their ^^•iIl, [when hundreds of white men had been driven
out 'unlawfully and against th' u* will,'] and to avoid any trouble that
might grow out of ' such an act. ' And to prevent the train being seized,
tliey placed on the engine a double crew and started the train out ahead of
hmp. A short time befoi-e the train left (1.30 o'clock Monday morning),
tlie Sheriff detailed a posse of deputies to guard tho Ocean Dock, and not
allow any one to pass on or off the wharf during tho night without a
special permit. The Chinamen who Avere in the warehouse, about 21.5
strong, spread their blankets and stretched out for the night, after their
sui)per, furnished by those in charge of them."

* *

[Meanwhile the Governor, who was in town and opposing the exodus,
s( ut the following dispatch to Washington :]

"Immense mob forcing Chinese to leave Seattle. Civil authorities
arming posse comitatus to protect them. Serious conflict probable, I xc-

ft;M

632

The Seattle Exodus.

I ■

^* E;;

itlV

f rit

f h'

spootfully request that United States troops be immediately sent to
Seattle.""

[There was no conflict at Tacoma, and there was no dan'^er of any
conflict here, unless done by the "White Cliinamen," so as to justify the
call for troops and thus prevent the exodus of their brethren, and also put
coin in their pockets, as will be seen further on.

A lot of deputy sheriff's au'l dejiuty marshals and militia had been
sworn in/or to conflict, and a lot of the leading citizens, iucludiag a lady,
arrested and jailed on a charge of riot, though never convicted.

Still the people had not been aggravated to a conflict, and withoii ;■
" conflict" or troops, the Chinese, with the excejition of six, were to be

gone by the next boat. ]

* *

' ' The captain came to the vjffice and stated that he had 196 on board,
or all that he was allowed by law to <!arry with the other passengers. The
matter was talked over between the rei)roseutatives of the autiChiuese
movement and Sheriff' [Mason] and some of his aids, and it was mutually
agreed betv«-een them that the Chinamen stiU on the wharf, all of tr/toni,
with the ex'xptioit of sic, hdd expressed <i willLiKjness to yo, but were unable
to leave by the ' Queen, ' should be allowed to remain in town until the
going out of the 'Elder,' unless they saw fit to leave sooner."

"The 'Queen' cast off her lines, and the people on the wharf shook
hands and congratulated each other over Avhat they sujiiJOsed was a hapi)y
ending of the very exciting and uni)lea.saut controversy which had been
going on for so long. [Yet without any ' conflict.']

The Chinaman on the wharf, with the exception of the fcAv who want-
ed to remain, were much disappointed Avlien the steamer left without
them, and it was with reluctance that they picked ujj their baggage to re-
turn to their houses. "

ately sent to

clau'jer of auy
? to justify tlie
a, anil also put

ilitia had been

^hiding a lady,

;ted.

, and witliou o

six, were to be

d 196 on board,
)asseugers. The
the uuti- Chinese
it was rautually
irf, all of whim,
b\it were unable
Q town until the
er."

the wharf shook
osed was a happy

which had beeu

lie few who want-
[ner left without
sir baggage to re-

CHAPTER XXXIV.

**HoME GUABDS " FIBE INTO THE CBOWD. — FiVE MEN WOUNDED. — ThE CiTY

UNDEB Maetial Law, with Governor [Mason] in command.'' — (The
only case of the kind in the history of the United States. )

He drives out While Citizens and protects Chinese Masons.

(How to read " between the lines.")

" You rule with all-oppressive hand,
Thy hideous soul, Oh ! fiend accurs'd,
Can there allay its bloody thirst."

I 1 HE Chinese needed no escort or protection from \iolence, when they
went from the wharf to the Court House and returned. And certainly
they needed none now in going to their houses, as was agreed upon.

They had perhaps never been more secure from \iolence than now,
but a " conflict" must be had, or they would soon all be gone.

So, as if with a flaniug desire for vengeance, at such a i:)rospect, afire-
brand — even a lot of detested armed de2Juties and militia — went to escort-
ing and parading the Chinamen in a body through the streets, with an air
of victory and bravado, and being ridiculed and rebuked by citizens
(who were not aware of the agreement at the wharf) instead of explain-
ing and disbanding — they undertook to nrrest as criminals some of these
citizens for their rebuke and request for an exi3lanation, and on their
resisting, shot them down in cold blood, and one after he was down ; and
he died.]

"The crowd had fallen back, and the streets were swept by the rifles
of the mihtary and the deputy sheriffs. The crowd commenced to gather
again after the wounded liad been removed, and in a few minutes there
were thousands of men in the street on either side of the 'authorities.'

[Who, though held to the spot, concluded it to be unnecessaiy to
attempt any more such arrests ; the agreement nt the wharf was now ex-
plained, and the military companies and the deputy sheriffs struck out for
the court hou.se, while the Chinamen ^jroceeded to their houses unmo-
lested.

The citizens wanted to lyni'h the masons who did the shooting, Imt on
the advice of the leading anti-Chincso agitators they abstained from any
riolenco, and peaceahtj/ disjwrsi'd to thi'ir huini-s, being assvired that the
criminals would get justice by the courts. ]

"So a warrant was sworn out against those wlio did iho shooting,
charging them v. ith murder.

13ut the Judge declared that ' those men were oflicers of his court mul
nut Hiibjert to arre.it.'

He further stated ' that

(r)33i

•>0i I

534

Martial Law on Puget Sound.

Martial Laic
had been declared, and that civil process was no longer binding, ' where-
upon the constable returned his wanuint unserved."
["The trail of the serpent was over them all."]

I ''

k''

Shortly after the shooting Governor [Mason] issued the following:

" Proclamation of Martial Late.'"

" Whereas, Heretofore in couseciuence of an inflamed condition of
the ijublic mind in Seattle, and grave disturbance of the pubhc peace
therein, I [chief mason] issued my proclamation warning all ihu'sous to
desist from breaches of the peace, and peacefully to return to their
homes, except such as were disposed to assist the sheriff [mason] and
the other duly constituted authorities in maintaining law and order, and
reipiestiug all i)ersons who were dis^JOHed to assist in maintaining order
[the most influential of those doing so Avere arrested] to enroll them-
selves under the sheriff [mason] immediately for that purpose, and

WJiereas, Said proclamation has i)roven ineffectual to quiet the pub-
hc mind and preserve the peace, and

^VJlercaR, Numerous breaches of the peace have occurred [and the
most infamous ind'^rsed by the ' duly constituted authorities '] and more
are threatened, and

Whereas, An insurrection exists in said city of Seattle, by which the
lives, liberties and property of citizens of the Territory and sojourners
within the Territory are endangered, and

Wliereas, The civil authorities have i)roved powerless to suppress
said insurrection, or jirevent such breaches of the i)eace, and

Whereas, the necessity for martial law within said city exists, and it
is deemed proper that all needful measures should be taken for the pro-
tection of such citizens and sojourners, and of all officers of the Uuitoil
States and of the Territory in the discharge of their public duties witliiu
said city. Now, therefore, be it known that I [chief mason] and com-
uiiiuder-in-chief of the military forces of said Tenitory, do hereljy as-
sume military command of said city, and do hereby order that no \)v\:-
son exercise any office or autliority in said city which may be inconsistent
with the laws and constitution of the United States or the laws of said
Territory, [and lie was to be the Judge (Kjainst the almost itiianimous jiul'i-
mettt of the pi'.ople] " and / do hereby suspend the writ of habeas curpus and
declare martial law within said city. The 8th day of February, 1886."

[" Ho makes a solitude and calls it peace."]

1 f

) n

"I [chief masonj hereby announce the following [brethren] memViers
of my Htatl', who will be respected and obeyed accordingly." [One of
whom is a notorious thief.]

Maktial Law on Puget Sound.

535

ading,' wbere-

? following:

id condition of
e public iieace
all persons to
return to their
f [mason] and
and order, and
lintaining order
;o enroU tlieni-
irpose, and
) quiet the pub-

3urred [and the
ities '] and more

e, by -which the
and sojourners

|less to suppress
!, and

|ity exists, and it
ken for the pro-
's of the United
hlic. tluties within
Lasou] and eom-
\-, do hereby as-
■der that no per-
|y be inconsistent
the laws of said
HiKtnimous jmbj-
habeas curpuaan^
iruary, 1880.'

sthren] meuilters
Ingly." [One of

"Military Headquarters."

" Until further notice all saloons and places where intoxicating liquor
is sold will be forthwith and i)ermanently closed [though he could swill it
down himself], and all other j^laces of business shall be and remain
closed between the hours of 7 P. M. and 6 A. M. each night. All jjersous
found on the streets after 7 P. M. and before 5 A. M. without the consent
in writing of the [masonic] Provost Mai-shal, will be arrested."

"By command of the [chief mason]."

* *
*

' ' Three captains [masons] will rejiort with their respective comjianies

to the Adjutant General at headquarters forthmth."

* *

' ' Cajitain [Mason] , with his comn.and, will report forthwith for duty
to Provost Marshal." [At this writing ho is under $10,000 bail as belong-
ing to a gang of opium smugglers, and for stealing. ]

"All persons willing to enlist in the military service of the Territory
[for the Chinamen again,st the peoiile] to serve in tlie city of Seattle, are
lu'j'eby called upon to report as recruits to the [masonic] Provost Mar-
shal.""^

"All persons disposed to violate any law of the Territory [which he
himself had trampled under foot] or treaty [wliich had beeu virtually
ttbroyated by /««'] or the constitution of the United States [which he himself
was basely violating] are hereby warned and commanded to leave the city
forth with. " [Members of the gang exceiited. ]

" The guns in the keeping of Stevens Post of the Grand Army were
taken charge of by the Governor on Sunday, and removed." He was
afraid of the old veterans.]

"Services in the churches were cut short in some cases, and dispensed
with in others, on Sunday, and the i)ublic meetings set for Monday even-
ing were both indertnitely posti^oned." [The peoide were being squelched
to protetit the lawless masons, and for plunder.]

" Al)out 7 o'clock last night sentinels were stationed all over town, and
patrolled the streets all night. Every man on the street after that time
without a permit from the Provost Marshal was marched either to his
home or to the truavd bouse. At daylight the sentinels w.ere released,
and during the day the streets were patrolled by militia.

The [prostituted] court house which is the headquarters of the [ma-
sonic] authorities under [desjiotic] military regime was clowely guarded,
and a suilicient force kept on duty [at the exi)en.se of the pe()i)ie] to
repel any ordinary attack [of the people] and a cannon was taken to the
court house " [to kill the people].

"During Tuesday the [masons] in command concludeil that passes
for persons to be about the streets had been too generously granted, and

A i

! '''I

536

Martial Law on Puget Sound.

IV\

all passes were ordered called in, and a more rigid rule of granting them
established,"

[And still there was no " violence," or "conflict," or "rebellion"
on the imrt of the citizens. And the only "invaders" were the masonic
highbinders thus protected.]

* *

The Prefiidentin n inessayesixja "under this article [of treaty] an

act of Congress approved 1882, amended 1884, suspended for ten years the
coming of Chinese laborers to the United States .... It was, however, soon
made evident that the mercenary greed of parties [masons] who were trad-
ing in their labor was proving too strong for the just execution of the law,
and that the virtual defeat of the object and intent of both the law and the
treaty was being frauduleuili/ accomplished hy fcdse pretense and 2^eiju7\i/
contrary to the expressed will of both governments, . . . .has produced deep-
seated and increasing discontent among the people of the United States, and
especially ^vith those resident on the Pacific coast, .... and the earnest pop-
ular demand for the absolute exclusion of Chinese laborers It is ad-
mitted to be a paramount right and duty of every government to exclude
from its borders all elements of foreign population which, for any reason,
retard its prosperity, or are detrimental to the moral and physical health
of its people."

[Because such foreign element i.s masonic and thus conspii'es in tlio
dark with the native masonic element, and by ' ' unpunished and indorsed
false i>retenses " and "perjury" prostitute and debauch the courts and
" authoiities " for their protection against the law and the people, is no
good reason that the people should not enforce the law and protect
themselves against the gang.]

* *

" The headquarters of Commander-in-chief [chief mason] are in tlie
Judge's chambers."

" Mi/ifiDy Headquarters."

"Any person violating the provisions of any law of the United States
or Washington Territory, or the ordinances of the city in force at the time
of the proclamation of martial law heretofore made [the Chinese ami
other brethren excepted] Avill bo promptly arrested and summaiily dealt
with. By order of the [chief mason]."

' 1
i i
I; I

"Martial law," says Blackstone, " is in effect no law at all."
"Martial law," says Jiidge Nelson, "is neither more nor less than the
will of the General who commands the army. It overrides and stqiprest"'^
all existing civil laAvs, cIaHI officers and ci\-il authorities, by the arbitrary
exercise of military power, and every citizen or subject (in other words
the entire i)opulatiou of the country Avithin the confines of its power) is

granting them

Martial Law on Puget Sound.

537

subject to the mere will or caprice of the commander,
lives, liberty and property of all in the palm of hia hand."

He holds the

[ Unmens urahle Gall. ]

"No passes shall be issued to any one to appear on the streets
after night, except snch persons as have duties which absohitely re-
quii'e such passes ; then only when it is made to appear to the satis-
faction of the Provost Marshal that the i^erson applying has been u
peaceable, lam-abiding citizen, who has endeavored to uphold the law [?]
within the last ten days. All passes shall be registered in a book kept for that
purpose, and the person receiving the same shall enroll his name in
said book. Said pass shall specify the hours within which it is good.
All permits to keei) open any places of business must be recorded in
the Provost Marshal's office. By order of the [chief mason] , "

* *

["Treason doth never prosper.

What's the reason ?

"Why if it jM-osper, none dare call it treason."]

^ 1

^■•1

ison] are in the

"It was learned yesterday morning that the President had not yet
ordered trooi^s to Seattle, although urgently requested to do so by [the
i-hief mason]. This fact was laid before prominent [masons] of the town,
most of whom joined in earnest requests to [masonic] Senators to urge
upon the President the necessity for speedy action in this matter. Tele-
grams were received from Vancouver that the trooi)S were in readiness
to start at a moment's notice, A train is in waiting, so as to bring them
through in short order, "

"Charles G, Stewart [shot by the masons] died from the effects of his
wounds at three o'clock Tuesday morning."

[He had sworn] that "this [muson] raised his gun and struck mo
across the head, and at the same time a bixllot stnick me on the arm, and
I fell from the effects of the blow on my head and the wound on the arm.
Some man then shot me in the body when I was down,"

"The three others [that were dangerously wounded] ar doing as
well as can be exjiected, but cannot tell the result until the fourth day."

[The murderers were being shielded and sanctioned by the gang with
the powers of our Government, and] "The authorities [in fear of tlieir
lives for their conduct] have seized all the fire-arms ofl'ered for sale in
the city, and given strict orders that no dealer in ammunition dispose of
any, except upon an order from [the Masonic] 'authorities,' "

538

Martial Law on Puget Sound.

(■ I

"No theater or jjlace of amusemeut has been opened to the public
since martial law was declared."

"The comparatively few Chinamen in town are waiting anxiously for
the day to arrive when they can leave Seattle. Nine-tenths of those now
here will go below on the 'Elder,' if nothing unforeseen happens to prevent
their departure."

*
"A request by the citizens fur return to civil law."

"Whereas, it is of the greatest imijortance that the civil authorities
resume their sway.

We, the undersigned, on behalf of a large number of citizens, respect-
fully request your Excellency to place our city tmder the control of the
civil authorities, in order that the peace of the city may be maintained
and that business may resume the even tenor of ita way, and the civil
authorities be empowered to se7've and execute all processes of law, civil or
criminal, icithout fear or favor. We, therefore, represent that the great
majoiity of our citizens are in favor of the re-instatement of the civil
authorities, and are determined to support and respect the laws."

[But this was spurned by the favored and curled darlings, and] "The
mercenary greed of parties who were trading in Chinese labor, and by
fraud, false pretenses and jDerjury, was too strong for the law."

And I quote: " Those officials who have been bribed and bulldozed

into letting the leprous heathens land in San Francisco and other places,

have already made fortunes, and like the Chinese 'they must go.' "

* *

[Butihei/ would go.] — "Between boats and trains fully 150 Chinameu

have gone from Seattle dxiriug the past three days, not to return. The ■

have been -working busily to get off, and those who can go seem eager v.aA

happy enough to go. Many white persons went among them seeing them

pack, and here and there buying a curio. Scenes of this kind, though

cemmou in Europe, have been feAv and far between in America."

"The gatherings upon the street corners yesterday were smaller than
the days before, and the utterances less violent and revolutionary [against
the gang]. There are still a few men and women who talk about hanging
this [mui'derer] and that [mm'derer] , but steps have been taken to arrest
and severely punish such offenders against the [Masons] and it will soon
be stopped. Yesterday a number of arrests were made."

"Members of the local mihtary companies who refused 'duty' and
who are charged with ' treasonable utterances, ' have been arrested, and
will be court-martialed."

["Truth forever on the scaffold,
Wrong forever on the thi'one. "]

(1 to the ijublic

y anxiously for
3 of those now
Hjens to prevent

civil authorities

3itizens, respect-
10 control of the
,y be maintained
ly, and the civil
I of luw, civil or
t that the great
aent of the civil
elaws."

lings, and] "The
jse labor, and by
law."

d and bulldozed
Lnd other places,
lustgo.'"

Martial Law on Puget Sound.

539

"All 'disorderly' persons, or persons wandering about and hanug uo
visible calling or business to maintain themselves, and geneniUy all
vagrants, [having been despoiled by the gang], are requested to leave the
city of Seattle forthwith.

All such persons found in this city after this date will be arrested and
summarily dealt with. All persons uttering treasonable or seditious hiu-
gviagts [members of the gang excepted], or who are giiilty of publicly
using words or actions tending to disturb the peace or in contempt of the
[Masonic] constituted authorities, -will be promptly arrested.

The Provost Marshal and other officers and [Masonic] jiersons, autho-
rized to make aiTests, are especially charged with the jjrompt execution of
this order."

Signed, [Noble-Graud-High-Chief- Mason. ]

vere smaller than

iitionary [against

k about hanging

taken to arrest

and it will soou

used ' duty ' and
een arrested, and

■

CHAPTER > XXV.

Court Martial and a Military Commission. — Wi/h a Judge Advocate
and Recorder noic under eight iudictme>i/s for forgery and robbery.
— With other big criminala in command. — Crime made respectable
and to tell the truth /s made a crime.

'•February lOtb, 1886.

/a. GENEKAL court martial is hereby convened to meet at these head-
qua^ ters at 1 o'clock this afternoon for the trial of all offenders [against
the masons] who may be brought before it.

General [Mason] [who is now under eight indictments for forgery and
robbery] is hereby detained as Judge Adoocate of the Court."

["Put into every honest hand a whip to lash the rascals naked through
the world."]

[No u^oiukr.] "Afeehng of relief pervaded the whole community
when it was learned that troops had been ordered to Seattle."

' i:

' ' Immediately after the shooting February 8th, a warrant was sworn
out against [the masons who did the shooting] charging them with mur-
der. The warrant has never been served. However, three of them have
since ijresented themselves at court, waived examination, and were re-
leased on $5,000 bail each."

" Aa authentic account. — W. . pulled Stewart roughly toward him, and
C . . grabbed Stewart by the throat. With this W . . released his hold,
clubbed his Winchester and dealt Stewart a blow on the head that felled
him to the ground. As he lay upon the ground B . . and B . . fired their
rifles into his jjrostrate body, inflicting the death wounds. They then
raised theu- guns, and together with C . . and H . . emptied them into the
defenseless and inoffensive crowd, seriously wounding four other citizens."

[What kind of justice is it that indorses and tiu'ns such cases loose,
and hangs others for less crime ?

And they and their accessories say : " We have a good Judiciary."]

'11= -

.1 I
4, '

" When the soldiers (300) an'ived, a man who was in the crowd on the
Ocean Dock pointed to the ' home guards, ' who were ' on duty ' near by,
and shouted to the soldiers, loud enough to be heard by the vast concourse
of people : ' There is a murderer in that crowd ! There is a murderer iu
that crowd ! ! There is a murderer in that crowd ! ! ! '

Then addressing himself to the masses, exclaimed : ' Thank God !
we are out from under the control of the murderers ! '

(540)

Judge Advocate
■y and robheri/,
nade respectable

A Tyrant in Command.

541

He was arrested and plac(>d in jail " [for thus expressing the senti-
ments of the iieople and of liis own heax-t, and evidently the truth ; thus is
justice murdered.

IVIurder, like treason, when it prospers, it is made respectable, and
called virtue, and it is made a crime to call it murder.

It IS the loeukest, not the irorst, that goes to the walLJ

*'m

10th, 1886.

it at these head-
Bfenders [against

^ for forgery and

Is naked through

hole community
Je."

rrant was sworn

them with mur-

!e of them have

»n, and were re-

toward him, and
eased his hold,
lead that felled

B . . fired their
ids. They then
d them into the

other citizens."
nch cases loose,

d judiciary. "]

the crowd on the
duty ' near by,
le vast concourse
is a murderer in

' Thank God !

"A clerk of the Probate court was arrested for utteiing loud au.l
' treasonable ' language on the streets.' "

"Mr. McMillan was arrested for 'treasonable' utterances, and i)ut in
jail. He has often said that he would Avilliugly serve a sentence in the
penitentiary if it would aid in ridding Seattle of the Chinese."

" Military Headquarters,"

' ' Sjiecial order heretofore issued, relating to the appointtnent of the
court martial is set aside, and the following officers are appointed a Mili-
tary Commission to inquire into all matters that may be brouj^ht before
them : Captain [Mason] [now under §10,000 bail, he being indicted as
one of the gang of smugglers that has been operating for many years (they
being winked at by masonic officials) and also f oi' stealing. ]

General [Mason] is hcreb • detained as Judge Adrncate and Re-
corder.'" [This gentleman being now under eight indictments for forgery
and robbery of over $60,000.

Such gentry are the ones who have so much secret injiuence with
blackleg Governors and courts against honest citizens. ]

"C H. M., a plasterer, one of the leading agitators, was arrested
and placed in jail." [He is now attorney general.]

"By order of the Provost Marshal, Police Officer Murphy was re-
lieved from duty [and then arrested and imprisoned] on account of his
alleged complicity with the expulsion of the Chinese."

[I give a few examijles only of the tyranny and brutahty of the gang.
Murijhy was made Mayor of the city the following election, and the whole
administration of the city and county Avas placed in the hands of the
agitators and "Mob" — with which was inaugurated and maintained a
season of peaceful prosi^erity unknown before.

The ijeople had no use for dogfish and blackleg despots, for militia,
or for United States troojjs. For the i^eople ruled, and the laws were then
more evenly enforced. ]

"Fourteen Chinamen who were induced to leave the Puyallup Valley
passed by here on their way to Port Townsend yesterday morning, and one
Chinaman came down from Olympia bound for Victoria. He says all the

^^ril

i,^

542

A Tyrant in Command.

Chinamen will leave 01ymi)ia if the money can be raised to pay ^heir pas-
sage," [but they Avere induced to remain by the white brethren.]

"Yesterday morning > 'o published the fact that the miners bad gone
over from Black Diamond and Franklin to Carbonado to drive the Chinese
out. O". arrival there, the miners assisted the Chinamen, fifty-six in wum-
b(M-, on board the train. They were brought to Tacoma, where they
boarded the steamer for Port Townsend. While at Seattle the writer
boarded the steamer and found one member of tlu; [masonic] band who
could talk good English. He said the Chinamen were paid off' Wednes-
day. Thursday morning a big crowd of miners, two or three hundred,
came, and the spokesman said :

"China boys, wo want you all to leave this camp." I said to him,
'* You bet your life we want to go. As so many miners wanted us to leave,
we concluded to go. I think we will go to China."

[The peojile were simply enforcing the laws that their masonic per-
jured agents had refused to do and had overridden — they owing their fi"st
allegiance to their masonic government and brethren in the dark, who
were thus too strong for the law.

A siiKjle mioinnic-riihh'ii court smuggled about 10,000 Chinamen into
the coiintry — using the "court " as a blind.]

Will I

;i mM'i

{

I i

i'\'
J J

" Cai)taiu (now Colonel) [Mason] was one of the first persons to report
to the Sheriff" for duty when it was learned that the ' law was being vio-
lated ! ' He was appointed to take charge of the provost guard, which
was equivalent to an appointment as militaiy chief of police."

[When at the veri/ time, according to recent indictme its, h« was in a
" great consiiiracy " with his secret gang against the Government and its
laws.

And he was, and is, also ' the leading member of the bar ' [court
gang] in the Territoi-y, and talked of by ling papers as bound for Con-
gi-ess.

If this blist.ering wrong and secret power was not on the throne, so as
to make itself respectable, a despot, tyrant, and assassin with impunity,
and viake it a crime to fell the truth and expose the cancer I, with my ex-
perience and information, could give dozens of such examples. "Tremble,
thou wretch, thou hast within thee undivulged crimes unwhipp'd of

justice. "]

* *

^* Further arrests were ma'ie for 'seditious language' which, with
others under arrest, will be tried [ ?] by the military commission as soon as
charges can be formulated against them. The commission will sit without
regard to hoiirs. The proceedings will he private. "

A Tyrant in Command.

548

" Li-iirhi/j Inirn. — A largo number of the non-prodnciug classes [ma-
souH, etc., excepted] have left Seiittlo ainco martial law was declared."
[They were drinui out in riuln/iou o/ldw ainl t)ie CotiatUution uf the United
States.]

"Sixth Day of Maktiaij Law."

"The existence of martial law has compli'tely jjroatrated business.
All branches of business are sutleiiug, except the hotels and restaurants.
Travel is verj' liglit, and but few j)eo])lo are coming into town, whilo a
great many are driven out."

;hinameu into

"Reports reached the ears of the 'authorities ' that the agitators were
holding secret meetings in the suburbs, and the [masonic] ' home guards '
were called together and sent out to do hkirmish duty last night."

[But the white and Chinese Masons it Co. can hold their secret meet-
ings with brazen impunity.

The martial law-masonic-desijotism was gi-ound into the people for
al)out fifteen days, but yet, even this did not goad the pi'ople into a con-
flict, so determined were they to maintain the i)eace as was the case before.

The United States troops remained for several months. The object
of which will aijpear in the succeeding chapter.]

'1™> ■

H it ■'

J t! i

f ti<

CHAPTER XXXVI.

EXPES'SF, TO THE PEOPLE AND -WHEKE THE MONEY GOES. — OnE MaSO!T

GETS .$100 PER Day. — Why the Chinese weue INFLrE^'CED to stay.
— So-C/UjLed "White Chinamen" in Dangek of UFixa iniavEN out,

liIKE THEY HAD DKIVEN OTHER NON-PRODUCINO AND DIS-REPUTARLE

White Citizens. — TliuJaiiyvtcul of the people and the Supreme Court. —
The martidl lain "Mere Lawless Violence." — But "the ti-tdl of the
Serpent is over them all.'' — (What Ijelougs "between the lines.")

It is our oixiiiion, and the opiniou of every one with whom we have
talked, that it is not llio party that is trying to get rid of the Chinese
[Masouie] miisauco, that is to blame for the bloodshed in Seattle and the
arrest of certain i)arties in 01ymi)ia, but the party that assume.'! to 'enforce
the laA\'. '

is it not a fact that the Chinese both in Seattle and Olymijia, signified
a .villiugness to go V

If the self-styled, law-abiding citizens had attended to the.r own busi-
ness, as they diel Id Taeoma, there would have been no bloodshed in
Seattle, no citizens incarcerated on jNIcNeil's Island, and the cities of
Seattl(j and Olymixia would have been relieved of an intolerable nui&auce
without any trouble on their part, and without the assistance of the U. S,
soldiers.

Does not every one admit that the Chinese are a nuisance ?

Then why tolerate them ? Have we, of this coast, no rights that the
National Government is bound to resjjcct ? Are we obliged to submit to
the curse of Mongolian depravity for an indefinite numlxir of years, bo-
cause of an ' errr-r ' committed by our representatives ? We are ready in
admit that the proper method of proceeding would he by legislation, but
Avhat Clin we hope for in that direstion ? Have not the people of this coast
been complaining for years of the oppression of the laboring element, iu
couseqiieuce of these foreign barnacles ? Has Congress ever done anything
to really remedy the evilV No, and they never will urxtU. ihe people, the
lightful rulers of this Government, rise in their might and say, 'you sh dl
remove this nuisance from our midst, or we A\ill Piuke it uncomfortably
warm for them.' [This was proven true.] Jut some one says, 'that
would be a violation of law.' The tea riot iu Boston, in 1773, was a viola
tion of law, and yet it was an indispensable link in the chain of causes,
which led to the DtH'laration of Indeiiondence, and those who fought tlu'
battle of Le.\iugtou t)U tlie American side might have l)een pro.secuted
under the riot act, and yet the beneficial results of that battle and those
that followed are highly appreciated by the Aniericau people to-day. It
is sometimes necessary for the people to assert their rights iu a striking;
maimer, and I think this is one of the times. J. J. 0."

(5441

The Judgment of the Peoj'le.

545

i! |i

.—One Masov
inced to stay.
«0 deiyen out,

DIS-KEPfTABLE

tpreme Court. —
the trail of the
i lines.")

whom we have
L of the Cliiuese
Seattle ami the
tmes to ' enforce

ympia, Bignified

1 their own busi-
io bloodshed iu
u\ the cities of
ilerable uuiiiance
uce of the U. S.

lUce ?

rightH that the
led to submit to
b(-r of years, bo-
\\e are ready to
legislation, but
pie of this coast
jriiig element, in
|er doneanythiuti'
le people, the
[l Hiiy, ' you sh ill
,t uucoial'ortably
one says, 'that
73, was a violu
diaiu of causes,
who fought the
been prosecutod
battle and those
ople to-day. It
thts in a striking;;
J.J. 0."

"Re2)orts have it that a number of citizens ['White Chinamen,'] Avho
have made themselves obnoxious to the anti-Chine.se peoi)le, have been
ordered out, of Tacoma. Their going is more than doubtful, but the threat
is disagreeable all the same. Like talk has been heard iu Seattle, and its
heeding is more doubtful here than in Tacoma."

[Are not these "white Masonic Chinamen" "non-producers," who
live by despoihug and fatten on turmoil and tho misery of others ? Are
not the cream of them robbers and thieves ? And at least "objectionable"
to the people ? Then why should they not be drivoi out, like other para-
sites and vermin ?J

" Wilkesoii citizens meet. Discuss the qixostions of the day and

Resolre, that we sympathize fully with the resolutions e.^iiressed by the
Seattle anti-Chinese convention.

Resolrcii, that we deplore all violence and think it was a needless pre-
caution on the i)art of the Governor to exact that de2)uty shoinft's should be
appointed or he woi'^d cause troops to be brought into tho country, and
to spread abroad tlipt we are a lawless jjcople.

Resoleed, thai we heartily endorse the action taken by Mayor Weisbach
and his co-laborers and the press of Tacoma, in tho nianly and straight-
forward manner they have pursued in ridding the country of the scourge
of serf labor."

* * * ,

"A gathering of the people of South Prctirie." Were unanimous that
the Chinese must go, and without a dissenting vote

" Brnolreil, that we heai"tily eudor.se t he .sontimonts expressed iu the re-
solutions ])assed by the Convention at Seattle.

]iesn/r"i/. that we regard the situation of laboiiug jieople as one of im-
miuev't Ja. 'n; thereby necessitating active measures to jirotect them from
a pove) ty which must follow in the footsteps of this Tartaric serfdom,

liesohetf, that avo most emphatically denounce the action of (tovornor
[Masouj in needlessly causing the appointment of depiuy sheril^. tlu'r('l)y
publisliing abroad that we are a lawless peoi)le, not capable of maiutaiuiug
peace."

"Several days before the meeting of tho cliaml)er of '•ommer''oat
Tacoma it was under.stood that a ix'tition would l)e i)ass(^d, to iue Presi-
dent, for the removal of Oovernor [IMasonj, for, wluit has almo.st unani-
mously been prouoviLuced, an vmnecessary and otlk'ious intermcnldliug Mith
local affairs iu Tacoma. But this flattened out under tlie skillfid manage-
ment o<" Mr. [Mason].

Go^ • • " Mason], with his breath like the steaming exhalation of a
Vtowl of hut nun pinuh, was then judici<iii»ly steered into the newspaper
ct*ice8 to ' explain. ' [lie wanted a hearing, \

546

The Judgment of the People.

ij ■ f 't;!+'

i >■ !

^ n^

Ou Tuesday uight lie explaiued agiiiu iu the Li'i/r/to- office, l)iit the
more he explained the more apparent itbeoamo that he had imposed npou
Sheriff Byrd the alternative of ti'oops or deputy sherills.

[And so the Sheriff of Taeoma made deputies of the nnti-Chit»'ii>'
iir///(ttvrn themselves, instead of the "White Chinamen," and (I/ere via ho
riut, nn co?/jticf, no rebellion and no mitrdi'i; such as there was at Seattle.]

Governor [Mason] is still as deserving of condemnation for his con-
iluct, as ho ^vas before he began to Avag his tongue and punish whiskey at
raeoma last Tuesday night."

* *

" A petition is to be circulated immediately, asking President Cleve-
land to remove Goveinior [Mason] . Had lit! been removed long since, it
■would have saved our territory from a disgrace and ignomy which will
reipiire years to wii^e out. Before a droj) of blood was shed, simply be-
cause an oppresst>d [half housed and half mortgaged] people gave tlie
[Masonic] coolies the ticket of leave, he hastily telegrai)hs the Presit'' 'nt,
demanding the protection of Government troops and a in-oclamation at
once. The proclamation was issued, commanding the 'outlaws' and
'mob ' to disjjerse, and it was printed in every paper in the land, ;^ ui •.
[Mason] exaggerated the trouble lieyond a doubt, and hisiiijudiciou-li c i<;
and anxiety in telegraj'hing the President was doubtless caused by a desire
to cuiTv favor in the eyes of the present administration. The danger <<(
giving out to the world the/<'/.-.<j impression tliat we are an ignorant, un-
lawful and riotous people, and probability of hurting our chances for ad-
mission and silf government, did not curb the Governor's anxiety f^r
notoriety. Therefore, let him bo relegated to the obscurity and oblivion
into which he would i^lace our peoi)le. Men and even women have been
arrest'^l on the charge of inciting riot. They have agitated the Chinese
question and advoc^ated the jiolicy of boycotting the aliens, for which they
were arrested on the above charge."

* * *

"In an interview with a merchant of Seattle it was ascertained that
much of the trouble in that place arises from the fact that two prominent
ollicials and others are linancially interested in keeping the Chinese from
leaving. It is alleged that Governor [Mason] holds largo landed interests
in and about Seattle which he has leased almost exclusively to Chinamin
for years, and that it is to Ids financial benefit to exercise his jjower and in-
fluence to keep his tenants from going away.

It IS positively stated that were it not for the parties named, the
Chinese would bo quite willing to leave the place, as they are boycotted ni
every side, and law-abiding citizens would aid iu their departure."

* *
*

"The order calling the troops away from Seattle has been rescinded on
the information furnished the Government that it was the calculation to

The Judgment of the People.

0^7

poseil upou

rinti-Chiiiesi^
here vu)^ no
t Seattle]
for liis con-
1 whiskey at

liilent C'lovo-
oug siuoo, it
iv wliich will
(i, simply W-
)ple gave tlio
lio Presii' 'Ut,
oclaination at
outlaws' au.l
J laml, '■'*''•
uilii'iou tic '^i
Bcd by a tlt'Hivo,
rhc danger of
1 ioiiorant, mi-
■liaiu-es for a>l-
f's auxiety f">'
aud (>l)liviuu
iiou liave becu
■d the C'biut'HO
for wliich tbey

Icertaiucd tliat

]\V() proiuiiK'iit

CbiacsG froiH

liu.lod interests

to Cbinauu'U

power and in-

■es uamed. iho
1- boycotted ''H
Irtiiro."

L,i ri'Hcinded on
K-aloulation to

introduce into the city, upon the withdrawal of the soldiers, (300 armed
men to take possession, and expel the remaining Chinamen and the disre-
putable citizens ('white Chinamen ') who took a i)romineut i)art [against
the jjeople.]"

* *

""When Seattle endeavored to remove the Chinese incubus, some
' very loyal ' officers of the Government saw an op])<jrtunity to give their
abilities an airing. When bloodshed ensued the boomers of Seattle saw
an oi)portunity for a big ' Avhirl' in calling for troops. Governor [MasduJ
gave it the impetiis of official momentum by a declaration of martial law,
whieh made a perfect ' whi" ' ' <>f tloU<ii's aronn<l the rorti'.c of h 's pocket.''

" If the party courts defeat, it Avill nominate Governor [Mason] for
delegate. He of all others would be most weighted down by the hot-
headed acts of last February. He if<ix the tool of n ri>«j (f specnlKtire pulU
lici(ti>s, who by their tumultuoiTH pi'oceedings have brought a taint U2)oa
the whole Territory. Th(> people have grown tired <•( dictation, and would
desire no better opiJOitunity than to slaughter oiir redoubtable BombasteS
Furioso at the polls. The crank for ttarning on the martial law alarm is
not the lever for good work. The man who has achieved distinction solely
on account of wealth, is not the one in whom the laborer would place his
trust. The fop can have nothing in his composition, natural or acqui'.ed
that can compensate for the hole on one side of his brain. He whoso
physical energy must be constantly In'aced up by hot cushions, and m ho.se
spiritual nature is so retined that lu> cannot eat off" dishes used by others,
should not be allowed to wander far from home. He belongs to the ki.l-
glove gentry, and he figures more as a dude than a statesman."

"It is said that the only persons wlio havi^ made anything out of
•lie martial law at Seattle liave l)een the landlords who have rented
ijuarters for the soldiers at "-±9 i)rices."

"The Salem 7^ ^M: suggests that Governor [^[aaon] be sent to Utiih
to settle the jNIormon difficult)'. He can have a few uu^itleuding citizens
sliot down and then "stand in' with the ['good'] judiciary and pro-
claim martial law to protect them from retaliatory measures. Tliis
)iroinpt and patriotic course would strike terror to the hearts of tho
rabble and at once restore harmony."

"The Tiilk is evidently sarca-stic in the recommendation, and our
liovernor will readily see there is no money in it, uides.s he first ob-
tain the control of a few sluu'ks in Mormouland to hire to the Go\--
ernment for barracks at rates which would be considered a fau' rental
fur the Palmer House iu Chicago."

* *

for

"King county presents her litth^ bill of .?4,000 to the Government
expenses iucun'ed in the late disturbances. This, we presume, is

1 t'

'MiitH'^

"li

548

The Judgment op the People.

for the ' relief ' of the smaller fishes which did not get their fius iu at
the rate of $100 jjer ilnj/, like the big whale — Govei-uur [Muxoii,].

Everything is fish that came iu [the gangs] net. When it fails to
liress each good thing as it turns ni), it will be when its toes are iu

the air."

* -x-

" Tacoma, Wdnhiiigtmi Terrilory, AfUrju&t ISlh, 1886.

The following additional resolutions were adopted unanimously :

Wherean, W. C. [Mason], Governor of Washington Territory, on the
8th day of February, in the city of Seattle, in violation of lii.s oath of
olliee and the laws of the laud and in contravention of the liberties of
free men guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States, did pro-
claim martial law and susiseud the writ of habeas corpus, and did unlaw-
fully and wrongfully arrest and imprison citizens without any charge or
crime against them ; therefore be it

" lic'solvdd, By the democracy of Washington Territory iu couventiou
assembled :

' ' Flrn/, That said W. C. Mason has by his conduct brought disgrace
and contempt on the official position held by him.

' ' Second, That the President is eai'uestly requested by this couventiou
to remove said Governor from his official position."

" The people's p((rt If co?i»e»</o>t adopted the following resohitions unani-
mously :

" Whereas, The action of Governor [Mason] in susiiending the writ of
habeas corpus and declaring martial law, and coercing with federal troops
our sister city Seattle in time of poai-e, when the civil authorities ^^.■»t■
fully able and comijotont to 2)r(iscrve the same, was an act of usurpation of
power only i)aralleled by the autocrat of Kussia.

" The outrage on the peojile's rights and liberties was an act of usnr-
l)ation without parallel in our ii:Ht'">''v — such as causes great commotion
•uid alarm among oiir i)eople and calls lev the severest coudemuatiou,
Therefore l)e it

" liesoh'ed, That our people have uo confidence iu W. C. [Mason] us
Governor of this Territory, and severely condemn his actions as exeentive,
and ask all people to unite in jirayers for the removal of this nuwortliv

servant."

* *

" The Supreme Court of the United States has rendered an important
decision afi'ecting the question of the powers of the Federal (Tovernnniit
iu prosecutiug individuals engaged in molesting or driving out Cliiii' — '
residents within any of the States. The case was that of Baldwin mi'l
others charged with driving the Chinese out of Nicalaus, California, witliin
the last year.

1 't

esolutious uuaui-

The Judgment of the People.

oiy

The court holds, re-aftiriiiiug Uuited Statea vs. Harris, 106 United
States reports, page 02!), that the Federal Government has no jurisdiction
under the present state of law, and that the matter rests entirely with the
local State courts, (uul tlutt section •1 ,■'> U) Itevised Statutes United States, is
unconstitutional, in Avhole and in part, reverses the judgment of the Cir-
cuit court of the United States fcT California and remand the ease for
fiu-ther proceedings. This must ens 'ire the discharge of the defendants."

' ' This case was reviewed in connection with our Chinese conspiracy
cases by a correspondent (' Skeptic '). It was thei'e shown that our citi-
zens had been indicted, tried and convicted under this same section (.5,.')10
R. S.) declared unconstitutional by the Supreme court, but noliiHthslnndiny
that. Judges Sawyer, Greene and Hoyt JitUl it constitutional.

" Meantime our ' (01}nipia) conspirators,' so-colled, have served out
their sentence, and the Seattle and Tacoma parties, so charged, have been
accpiitted by juries of their peers, after the most strenuous efforts on the
I^art of the Government to convict."

[" Where God hath a temple, the masonic devil will have a secret
chapel."]

"I desire to enter my protest and arouse public indignation against the
greatest outrage on individual liberty and the constitution and lav's that
has occurred in the unfortunate Chinese agitf''on at Seattle. I refer to
the Governor s infamous conduct in suspending the operation of the writ
of habeas coi'ijus and establi.shing martial law in S(>attle, and to subject its
peoi)le to all the horrors of an irresponsible military despotism — to allow
them to Ix! imprisoned without lawful warrant and convicted without a
jury trial.

Here is the Governor of [masonic-ridden J Washington Territory
arrogating to himself powers hciiund those of the, J'resii/unt, oml irhich Con-
(jrcss c(i n e.cercise o)i!i/ ' irhnn in c<isesof rehdlinnor invasion the p\rblic safety
may re(iuireit.' (Constitution U. S., Article 1, Section 9, and am-mdments
5andG.)

To prevent great inconvenience and Mroug to iiulividuals, the public
condemnation should be uttered Avith no uncertain sound.

[So it should be as to innocout victims languishing in prison that the
brutal tyrants spurn. J

It is bad enough that we should havii a Governor who, by constant
appeals to the general jjovernment for aid [for his brethren] admits that
wo are not capable of adniinisttM-ing our own affairs, "hut whcm his timidity
prompts such violent and unconstitutional usurpation of authority, then it
is full time thai the administration should give us an executive who has
the wisilom and counige to enforce the laws by lawful means. W. H. D. "

" Wo think this protest is timely, and none too strong. According to
t>i^ dovnsion of the Supreme court in the Mulligan case — gi-owing out of
A<? ci\il WAr, reported in •! Wall — martial rule <'an only be called into ex-
creis«^ by Congress, or temporarily when the action of Congress cannot be

550

The Judgment of the People.

I J

invited, or iu justifyiug or excusing i)eril by the President, in times of
insurrection or invasion, or civil or foreign war, vvitliin districts or locali-
ties where ordinary law no longer secures iiublic safety or private riglits.

It is onli/ lair/nl in dis/ric/ii (iciiKtUi/ occupied hi/ the opposing forces and
in which the civil courts are fur the time being completebf displaced. It cannot
[lawfully] exist where the coiirts are ojien and in the jiroper and und is-
turbod exercise of their jurisdiction. [In Seattle the 'agitators ' appealed)
in vain to' the courts. ]

It is also confined to the loatliti/ of actual war. As decided in this case
it could not exist in the State of Indiana during the civil war.

None of the circumstances under which martial law is piermissible icith the
sus2}e>isio)o ff habeas corjms exist at Seattle, and not even Congress icould have
the right to do irhat Governor [M((son] has assuined to do.

As the Supreme Court declares, when not authorized, martial law is
'mere lawless violence.'

[And the blacklegs called it ' law and order.']

The most that tiie Governor was authoiized to do, was to call upon
the militia or upon tl.e President for the regular army, which istheiiltimatt^
police to assist him in the exercise of his civil power in jireserving the
peace."

! Plato defined man as " a two-legged animal without feathers — having

broa<l, tlat nails."] ^ ^

"A convention of the people held in Oregon resolved that :

' Where(ts, In defiance of article 1, section 9, and amendments 5 and
6 of the Constitution of the United States, and in utter violation of law ,
Governor [Mason] of Washington Territory has, with all the insolence of
imperialism, suspended the Avvit of haf/cas cnrjius. free speeeh and h'berty
of assemblage, and declared martial law in defiance of the Luv of the land,
as declared T)y the United States Supreme Court in -l: "Wall, in the case of
Mulligan; and

Whereas, in addition to said illegal act a mob of his suinjorters fired
ui)on an assemblage of people, killing one and wountling three other
people iu Seattle, on the 8th day of February, 18SG; and

]r7ter>-'is said [Mason] has illegally imiirisoned and deprived of liberty
various citizens of the United ,States without proee.^s of law;

Resoli-fih that our Reiiresentatives i'l Congress be instructed to i)refer
articles of impeachment against said Cnivernor [Mason], and to iiresent the
samo for Action ti' tlie House of Ivepreseutatives at once.

Resolved, that fifty thousand co])ies of these resolutions be printed and
th*t they be forwarded to every labor oreranization, anti-Chinese leagui-
and every Granger's assf»ciation in the United States, with the request tlm'^
*«(.'h such organization ratify, adopt and approve these resolutions and
order thfm sent to theirR epresentatives iu Congivss, endorsed with then'
IBgent demand for ]>roper action tiierecm. "

[But the trail of the masonic, nighljoider seriJeut was over them all. ]

kI in this case

L, martial law is

eathers— having

biived of liberty

over tliem all.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

A brief, couipreheusive and in'actical History of Masonry, Knight Tem])-
lars of Malta, St. John, Hospitalers, etc. — The Crusades to possess the
Holy Laud, Egypt, etc. — How Jernsaleni and Acre were takou and re-
taken. — Why the Holy Laud was made a desert. — The i)ractical M'ork-
iugs of the Masonry and kindred orders of to-day. —Mostly the testimony
of others as taken from books and the press.

\V EBSTEIl'S definition of Mason and Masonic, and Masonry and Frec-
Masoury is as follows :

" Masou, an artilicer in brick and stone; a Free-Mason."

"Masonic, pertaining to Masonry."

"Masonry, stoue-work. "

What do the kid-glovetl "Masons" of to-day kuow about haudliug
stoue ? But as Masonry was always an honorable productive occupation,
it can easily be seen how its good uauie and emblems of honest toil would
be stolen to be used as a false cloak and blinel by those who never had and
never intended to cut or handle a rod of stone in their lives; for with such
cloaks and Ijhnds aud wth secret intrigue they could filch the fruits of
others' toil.

The Order or Organization of Masous was simply aud only a Traile
rnioii of roving mechanics of stone masous; witli au ai)rou, compass,
sipiare, plumb, mallet aud trowel as workiug tot)ls aud true embk-ms of
their trade. These woricmeu being divided into tliree classes: Ajjprentices,
companions or comrades and masters.

"The word 'free' in conueetion with mason siguifies that the person
so called was free of the compuuy, trade union or guild of masous. Those
operative or worldug masons who were not thus made free of the guild
were not permitted to work with tliose who were."

The original aud Morthy plau aud the organization of real masous died
out in about 1700.

History does not teach that tliose trade uuious of nuisous were any
dift'ereut from the other workiug-meu's uuious of tlie day, uor that they
had auy doctrines ])eculiur to themselves.

They had their eud)lems of their mechanical trade-work and cere-
monies like other trade federations. Thi'ra vrn; no " iiii/nteries."

There are, however, many of the spuidous masous of the day, wlio,
anxious for an ancient and illustrious geueology to their craft, claim that
ma.sonry deccnds from the ancient "mysteries" of jiagauism and their
heathen mytholocry aud Gods.

But what would a trade union waut of the false "doctrine" (?) of
tLese old, exi)]oded fables aud mysterious juggleries, used as a cloak and
blind to commit ///•(■ most iiulecext iinmoralitj/ und crime ?

(351)

552 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

Those stone autl brick niasous who were williug to earn their liveli-
hood by honest, hard labor and production, certainly had no iise for de-
ception and i)agau "mysteries " as a screen for secret crime !

On the contrary, they labored to build up, to i)roduce and improve
with their own calloused hands; not to corrupt, debauch, tear down,
ravage, purloin and destroy the honest endeavors, institutions and homes
of their neighbors.

In building stone churches with their hands, aprons, compasses,
s(]uareH, plumbs, mallets, trowels, levels, etc., they gained the good will
of jniests and prelates and others of influence and power in the Govern-
ment, and were thus and therefore granted si)ecial privileges, such as ex-
emi)tion and freedom from certain taxes. And in return, as a matter of
courtesy, this trade unicjn of working stone and brick masons would admit
these benefactors to their union aa honorarif members. This api)ears
to have been the entering wedge of the total destruction of the ancient
society of masonry. Other men who did not work, except with their wits
and tongues, then— on account of the privileges they hojied to enjoy with-
out earning them — api)lied, and, by hook or crook, got themselves admit-
ted as honorary or "accei)ted" masc^us, and these barnacles finally be-
came 80 numerous and ruinous that the original plan, principles, and
organization of active or "operative" or real Free-Masonry had died out
in about 17 UU.

"There was always some lord or coitnt or duke, who was willing to act
as i)resideut of the dying order."

In 1717, about 172 years ago, operative, or honest and productive
masonry, without any revolting pagan "mysteries," may be said to have end-
ed, and "speculative" orspurious, despoiling and "mysterious" masonry
— Avhich is the masonry of to-dati and of blackleg officials — "may be said to
begin."

They iDurloined and jiervcrted the emblems of the honest toil of the
old mechanical labor union of stone and brick masons, that they had
barmided and murdered, to the uses of their i)agan "mystery" — jugglery
— blaokleg-gaug, to flourish in the eyes of the people for a blind with the
Bible, to which these midnight infidels proclaim their reverence with flour-
ish and i)arade in the streets, Avhen such notorious iufldels as Voltaire and
Tom I'aine were such in-ominent brethren in the gang. And they declare
that "whether the candidate or brother is devoted to Brahma, Allah, Je-
hovah, or Jesus, is no concern of theirs ; or whether he accepts the Bible
of the Christian, the Talmud of the Jew, the Koran of the Mohammedan,
the Zend Avesta of the Persian, the Pidda's of the Hindoos, or the Edda's
of the Goth as a trtie book of insjiiration, is a matter left entirely to him-
self."

The craft of honest, working, productive masonry appears to have
been killed in much the same way as the farmers' Grange in the United
States; non-producers and enemies to honest labor, even spurious masons,

.0.

a tlieir liveli-
lO use for de-

3 aucl improve
I, tear (l()\s-u,
as and bomes

s, compasses,
the good will
LU the Goveni-
s, such as ex-
bS a matter of
,s -would admit

This appears
3f the ancient
vith their ^vits
to enjoy with-
aselves admit-
ilea finally be-
jriuciples, and

had died out

3 willing to act

ud productive

d to have end-

|ous " masonry

uay be said to

■st toil of the
[liiit they had
•y "—jugglery
blind with the
ice with flour-
Voltaire and
Ll they declare
}na, Allah, Je-
i)ts the Bible
[ohammedan,
)r the Edda's
tirely to him-

lears to have

the United

rioias masons,

The PiiACTicAL WoitKiNus OF Masonry, etc. o53

odd-fellows, and other like barnacles, having got into the grange, were a
secret wheel within a Avlieel, which they run backwards, over the pro-
ducers, thus 8tripi)ing and spoiling the wrecks they wer« making.

"Let us not inculcate that crimes lose their names and change their
natiu'e, because they are successful, or that becaiise masonry has taken too
firm a root to bo eradicated its fruit is no longer poisonous. We have to
contemplate a triumphant con(pieror, who will neither pai'don our iu-
efi'ectual hostility, nor believe in our unnatural reconciliation."

"We are indeed abandoned by the courts, which not only fails to pro-
tect us, but weaken the security which we derive from our own suspicions.
Is there a citizen in the United States whose person is at this moment pro-
tected from masonic intrigue and violence ? "

* *

" 7'//« h((ui'. of joy, the njirimj, the SOURCE,
The (fdll of every other curse."

" To every man upon this earth

Death cometh soon or late;

And how can man die better

Than in facing fearful odds.

For the ashes of his fathers

And the temples of his Gods ? "
*
" The power of the government should be trusted only to those who
are attached to it above all other governments. A king, a iiarliament, a
congress, or an army of a different allegiance from that Avhich tho govern-
ment professes, would be as absurd as to trust the deai-est concerns
of a minor in the hands of a person who had the most immediate interest
to betray them. In vain would you plead in favor of such a trust that the
guardian would be above taking advantage of his situation, nobody in his
senses would think of putting his virtues to so severe a trial."

*
The Knight Templars of Malta, St. John, Hospitalers, etc. , etc. , were
a monastic discii)lined military society of zealots — for blood and plunder.
They were armed, and generally mounted, and protected by heavy armor
and coats of iron, and engaged to fight the Turks, the Tartars and the
Saracens in the bloody and disastrous crusades, to invade, pillage and
hold the Holy Lauds, Egypt and sections of other dominions, and they re-
ceived big pay and plunder for their services. They mado murdering and
plundering expeditious against the caravans of pilgrims travelling to wor-
ship at Mecca, and became so obnoxious and revolting to the people of the
country — who called them " the swinish race" — that they were out-lawed
and a price put on their heads.

"Unlike the foot soldier of to-day in his simple uniform, who stands
firm and steady in the face of both rifle and cannon, these Knights of old
were covered from head to foot with a sheathing of iron mail and plate. "

■r\

\'.

]

654 The Phaotical "Workings of Masonry, etc.

■ :l

■i : •

'/; ' ■■ '

;'■ ' ' '

i I

Aud wbou the riflo iiutl cauuou camo iuto use, which wouhl allow theiu
no great ndvautugo over other luou, Imt compolloil au eveu tight, they wout
iuto other aud more secret business, so as to still have au iiufair advantage
iu gaiuiug or destroying what others had produced — as one of their family
says :

"My aucestors Ivept ou with their commoui-laeo occupation of
slaughter aud robbery as Knights, or intrigue aud cruelty nsi)riest3. They
h:id varied fortunes, now carousing in their own halls after a successful
foray, anon cluilliug in irons between the walls of an enemy's dungeon.
They were a versatile race, and when i)late-mail went out of fashion, be-
cause the i)eoi)lo hud learned the nse of fire-arms, my i>cople were the first
to recognize the changed condition. Thereafter they figured in the learned
2V(/i'ssi(i/is, and sought to secure by persuasion and the advantage of
su2>eri()r knowledge what they uscc^ to take by force."' Others say tliut
they figured more largely as i)irates in the Mediterranian and thus lived
sumptuously ou naked islands iu the sea.

Here is an account of some of their "victories" and cold-blooded
slaughter on land and also tlieir defeat. They were i^romised by the
"Christian" King of Jerusalem the iduuder of the wealthy city of Bel-
beis iu Egypt for their pay if they Avould capture and hold the i)luce ; so
"the Egyptians were taken completely by surprise, the city of lielbeis was
taken and the defenseless inhabitants were barbarously massacred. Their
cruelty and injustice, however, sjieedily met Avith condign iniuishineut and
the Knights fled before the Egyi)tiaus in sorrow aud disappointment to
Jerusalem, their inety dwindled aud they went to killing each other iu
their constant quarrels. "

In 1099 the Knights, with about 700,000 other "Christians," had
taken Jerusalem from the Saracens or Caliidis of Egypt, and not only put
all who resisted to the sword, but also massacred about 10,000 inoffensive
citizeus, men, women and children. Then laying down their arms they
waded through the sea of human blood to the Holy Sepulchre. "They
gave the city up to pillage aud slaughter, and exhibited a scene of cruelty,
barbarity, caruage aud distress, too shocking to be conceived of or de-
scribed ; and when neither age nor sex remained to glut the vengeance of
their swords, they approached the sepulchre, their hands yet warm with
the Idootl of the aged, the infant and the mother, and paid their de-
votions at the shrine of the prince of peace. Godfrey, King of France,
was chosen king of Jerusalem."

To rid the country of such invaders, the Holy Land M-ith its thickly
jjopulated districts and innumerable clusters of villages, quantities of
strong castles, aud eighty cities, was all reduced to a devastated wilderness
iu 1291, and governed by the Turks, to whom Jerusalem Avas also "the
Holy City."

'!l '-, ■•

ETC.

ThK PltACnCAL WoHKINGIrt OF MasoNUY, ETC.

G.JO

)ulcl allow them
tight, thoywcut
ufair advantage
> of their fiimily

occiipatiou of
as priests. Tliey
;er a sMecesst'ul
icmy's iluugeon.
; of fashion, he-
)lo were the tirst
etl iuthe letirned
le nilvautaye of

Others say that
u auil thus lived

md cold-blooded
[)roniised by the
Ithy city of Bel-
)ld the place ; so
ity of Belbuiswas
lassacred. Their
puuishmeut aud
isappoiutuieut to
UK each other iu

;jhristiaus," had
[lud not ouly put
0,000 iuoffeusive
their arms they
)ulehre. "They
Isceue of cruelty.
!eived of or de-
the vengeance of
is yet warm with
paid their de-
llving of France,

I with its thickly

Bs, quantities of

Itated wilderness

Avas also "the

lu tills re-taking of Jevu.salem by the turks, *ihe air was rent with the
loud Mussuhuan shout.s, the Holy <,'ity! the Holy City ! \\'lu'n they had
iiuished tlu'ir prayers, the loud trumpets of Saladin summoned the Christ-
ians to surrender the House of Ciod to the arms of the faithful; but the
Christian! rt'turued for uii.swer tliat, please God, the Holy City should not
be surrendered. The next morning at sunrise the territied "nhabitants
were awaked by the clangor of horsea uud drums, the loud clash of arms
ami the fierce cries i)f tlie foe.

The women and children rushed to the churches and threw tliem-
selves on theii. knees before the altar, weeping and wailing and lifting \\\i
their hands to Heaven, while the men Inisteued to man the battlements.
Monks and canons, bishops and priests, took arms in defense ot the Holy
Sepulchre, and lined in warlike array the dark gray battlements aud towers
of Jerusalem,

But the Mussulman arcliers soon became so numerous and so expert
that tlie garri.son dare not show themselves upon the wall. Saladin also
cmi)l()yed his troojjs iu the construction of militai-y engines, stationing
10,000 cavalry around the city to interce2)t fugitives ami prevent the intro-
duction of supplies. When his engines were C()m2)leted he directed all his
etlbrts against the northern wall of tlie city, ■which extended between St.
Steven's Gate and the Gate of Jojjpa, from which the successful assaults
had been made by the crusaders eighty -eight years befoi'e.

Barefoot processions of women, monks aud priests were continually
made to the Holy Sepulchre, to implore the Sou of God to save Lis tomb
and his inheritance from ini2)ious violation. The females as a mark of
humility and distress, imitating tlie Saracens, cut oil" their hair ami cast
it to the Aviuds, while the ladies of Jerusalem made their daugiiters do
penance by standing up to their necks iu tubs of cold water i)laced U2)0U
Calvary.

To i)revent the garrison from attempting to break the force of the
battering rams, Saladin constructed vast engines for throwing stones, and
other machines, wliicli cast enormous stones, and the terrible (Jreek fire aiul
combustible materials contained in brass i»ots, and flaming lieaius of tim-
ber covered with pitch and nai)hta, upon the ramparts and over the walls
into the city. He, moreover, employed mim>rs to sa^) the foundations
of the towers, and on the IGth of Septeml)er, 1187, the angle of tlie north-
ern wall, at the northwest where it touches the valley Hiuuom, was thrown
down with a tremendous crash.

In the morning a sui)i)liant deputation i)roceeded to Saladin to im-
plore his mercy, but ere they reached the imperial tent the assault had
commenced, aud twelve Moslem banners Avaved iu triumph upon the
breach. The Sultan accordingly refused to hear the messengers, declar-
ing that he Avould take Jerusalem from the Franks as they had taken it
from the Moslems — SAVord in hand. HoAvever, the liberty and security of
the iuhabitauts were purchased for about S750 dollars for each man.

IMAGE EVALUATrON
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

:•

•

1.0

I.I

Ui|M 125

|5o "■■ msm

I -- m

IL25 mil 1.4

1.6

<9m

•c'J

o^ ■ :>

'^ ;>'

% ^-^ V

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREiT

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 872-4503

■^^

-.x4

N^ ^\ WrS

.(?

4>^

656 7.'he Practical "Workings of Masonry, etc.

rtJ,

».

"Saladin restored the sacred area of the temple to its original -^oudition
under the first Mussulman conqueror, the Christian ijells were silent, the
churches were destroyed, the Koran was read, the imaums were again
beard, and Islam once more resumed its sway 1187."

« *

After the loss of Jenisalem the city of Acre was coveted for the
inetro2)olis of the invaders, and they took it at the cost of about 300,000
■■ Christian " men, with as many Saracens in 1191, and strongly fortified it.

lint it was recovered again after a siege of six weeks. "Neither by
night nor by day did the shouts of the assailants and the noise of the
military engines cease. Huge stones and beams of timber and pots of
burning tar and naphta were continually hurled into the city. The
walls were battered from without, and the foundations Avere saijped by
miners who were incessantly laboring to advance their works. More than
600 catapults, ballistae and other instruments of destruction were directed
against the fortifications, and the battering machines Avere of such im-
mense size and weight that 100 wagons were required to transport the
separate timbera of one of them. Movable towers were erected by the
Moslem, so as to overtop the walls. Their workmen and advanced i^arties
were protected by hurdles covered with rawhides, and all the military
contrivances which the art and the skill of the age could produce were
used to facilitate the assault. Day by day the number of the garrison
was thinned by the sword, whilst in the enemy's camp the places of the
dead were constantly supplied b_) fresh warriors, animated with the same
wild fanaticism in the cause of their religion as that which distinguished
the invaders.

After thirty-three days of constant fighting the great tower, considered
the key of the fortifications and called by the Moslem the ' Cursed Tower, '
was thrown down by the military engines. To increase the terror and dis-
traction of the besieged, Sultan Khalil mounted 300 drummers with their
drums upon as many dromedaries, and had them make as much noise as
possible whenever a general assault was ordered."

" At sunrise the air resounded with a deafening noise of drums and
trumpets, and the breach was carried and recovered several times. Loud
appeals to God and to Mohammed, to Jesus Cluist, to the Virgin Mary, to
Heaven and the Saints wore to be heainl on all sides, and af t^r an obstinate
engagement from sunrise to sunset darkness put an end to the slaughter.
The miners continued incessantly to advance their operations. Another
Avide breach was opened in the Avails, and on the third day the enemy
made the final assault on the side next the gate of St. Anthony. The
panic-stricken garrison fled to the port, and the Moslem rushed on Avith
tremendous shouts of "Allah hii Achhur! "

Thousands of panic-stricken invaders now fled to the seaside and
sought Avith frantic violence to gain possession of the ships and boats that
rode at anchor in the port. But a frightful storm of wind and rain and

STC.

iginal "oudition
were sileut, the
ims were again

•oveted for the
f aboiit 300,000
ugly f o.'tifled it.
i. "Neither by
ihe noise of the
jer and pots of
the city. The
were sapped by
rks. More than
on were directed
'ere of siich im-
to transport the
I erected by the
advanced parties

all the military
dd i^roduce were
• of the garrison
he places of the
lid with the same

h distinguished

tower, considered
Cursed Tower,'
le terror and dis-
inuiers with their
much noise as

3e of drums and

al times. Loud

Virgin Mary, to

if tor an obstinate

o the slaughter.

ations. Another

day the enemy

Anthony. The

rushed on with

the seaside and
)8 and boats that
id and rain and

The Practical Wokkings of Masonry, etc. 557

lightning hung over the dark and agitated waters of the sea. The elemf nts
themselves wan-ed against the invaders,aud the loud-jjealing thunder became
mingled with the din and uproar of the assault and the clash of arms.
The boats and vessels were swamped by the singing waves and the bitter
cries of the jierishing fugitives ascended alike from the sea and the shore.
Thousands fled to the churches for refuge but found none.

The Grand Master of the Knight Temi)lars with his comiianions — de-
serting these fugitives which were under their protection — loaded them
selves with treasure, and escaped in the night through a secret passage
they had provided for themselves, communicating with the harbor,
boarded vessels in waiting, and escai)ed in safety to the island of Cyi)rus,
which was after this their headcjuarters. The Moslem Mamelukes set fire
to the town in four places. The walls, the towers and the ram])arts were
demolished, and the last stronghold of the " Christians" in Palestine was
speedily reduced to a smoking solitude.

Thus closed the long and furious struggle between the Crescent and
the Cross, A. D. 1291. The few remaining Christians in the Holy Land
were chased from ruin to ruin and exterminated. The churches, the
houses and the fortifications along the sea coast were demolished, and
everything that could afford shelter and security, or iurite the approach
of the Crusaders from the West, was carefully dc^stroyed. The houses
were all set on fire, the (retis n'ere cut dmrti and burned, the land was every-
where laid waste, and all the maritime country, from Laodicea to Ascalon,
was made a dessert. "Every trace of the crusader," says an Arabian
writer, ' ' was removed, and thus it shall remain, please God, until the day
of Judgment ! "

The Knight Templars had been in bad repute for a lon^,' time in
Europe on account of their bad conduct, and their pay, which had been
immense, was stopped. So now many of them went into the service of the
King of the Mogul-Pagan-Tartars in Persia to as.ust in his expeditions of
couipiest and plunder. Sometimes they would be hired V)y tho Tartars i
fight, murder and ravage for them, and then by others to fight, munh'.
and plunder the Tartars. But they were generally defeated and returned
to the islands in the Mediterranean sea, though many were scattered over
Europe, and were cousidereil a nuisance to the communities and govern-
ments in and under which they lived. They were opposed to paying toll
and taxes like other people, and wanted to hold courts and try off'enders
of their order. Like the ^lasons, Indians, Chinamen and Mormons of to-
day they wanted a government of their own within the general govern-
ment, and live in clannish tribal relations, while they filched a livehliood
fvom others, and were therefore never good citizens of any country. Like
the secret gangs of to-day, they were notorious for shielding their crimin-
als against the government and real citizens of the country.

■'11
ill

'!i

.if

558 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

They loved to ape the Pagan desijots and preserve the lewd secret evils
and my tlm and "mysteries" of pagan priests that they embraced while
serving the IMogul and other Kings as venal mercenaries.

"At the outset the Templars M'ere supjiosod to be of blameles charac-
ter, nnmarricnl and to remain single the whole of their Uves. They were
also to give np to the order all their property and to devote themselves
exi'hisively to the service of God, the sick and the iioor, and the defense
of the Holy Land. Their food was originally bread and water, and their
couch only a sack of straw, all of which, together with their garmentw,
Aveio regularly distributed among them by their Grand Mastt'r, to whom
they were sworn to obey. "

If mis t/ius thnt thii order was riehli/ endoired ami paid, with revenues
and estates by pious and enthusiastic i)eople for the cause of chanty and
religion. But when this was curtailed and their i)ay stopped, they threw
off their cloak of meekness and charity (and emhrao'il pufjanism). Indeed,
they had done so before, and the loss of Jerusalem and the Holy Land
was charged to their cowardice, jealousies and treachery ; aflcr vhich their
estates were taken by the government and devoted to charity and religion
(the ciiHsefor which the;/ were intended) by giving them to the i)oor.

Later we find them fighting for the King of what now forms a part of
Prnssia. They were to get for their i)iiy concessions of important rights
and prinleges, and the jiossessibn of all the land they might contpier or
rob from the owners during the war. In this way they possessed large
districts along the Baltic Soa, goveruc;l by a " Landmaster. "

" During these events the order had assumed a new form and charac-
ter. Instead of the original name (<f brothers, the knights now addressed
each other as master ; and, indeed, acted as such in the strictest sense of
the term. They became imperious, insolent, haughty, tyrannical, des-
potic, and led a dissipated, e.il and luxurious life at the expense of their
Pv'assian subjects, who figured as the most wretched, oppressed and miser-
able creatures in Europe,'' [and this is their disposition to-dayl. "Nowhere
was bondage carried to such an extent as under the rule of the Knights,
who were intoxicated by war and plunder, and phinged in sensual ["mys-
tic "] enjoyments and vice. Hence the continual insurrections, devasta-
tions of towns and lands, complaints and difficulties ; hence the hated de-
crees of the Pope and Emperor ; the incessant disputes with the clergy
and bishops of rank, which finally resulted in prostration and exhaustion
of their strength and power."

They were excommunicated by Pope John XXII. , and finally in 1809
Napoleon abolished the order, and since then it has existed only in name.

* » *

The Knights that settled on the islands of the Mediterranean Sea ap-
pear to have engaged successfuUy in piracy, for example : ' ' They found
Malta a poor, naked, arid rock, with neither river, rivulet or spring ; in
summer it was intolerably hot, with not a tree to relieve the eye." Yet,

re.

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc. 5')9

wil secret evils
mbraceil while

araeles charac-
1. Thoy were
ote themselves
at\ the defense
ater, ami their
their garments,
iaster, to whom

, -with revenues
) of chanty ami
)etl, they threw
nis7n). Indeed,
the Holy Land
a/ltn- which their
■ity and religion
le i)oor.

forms a part of

important rights

light conquer or

possessed large

r."

»rm and charac-
uow addresseil
itrict^^st sense of
tyrannical, des-
expenso of their
ssed (I IK I 7H /••<■(')•-
lay!. "Nowhere
of the Knights,
sensual ["mys-
lections, devasta-
Ice the hated de-
■ith the clergy
and exhaustion

Id finally in 1809
|l only in name.

trranean Sea ap-

"They found

let or spring ; in

Ithe eye." Yet,

without producing anything, when they were driven off and exterminated
for their crimes, "it was an island of palaces."

" Cnielt}/ of Knif/hts." — In the mt^liii'val history of Europe, says J. A.
Farrar, in the so-called times of chivalry, a far worse spirit iirevailed with
regard to the treatment of captives. Knight Godfrey of Bouillon, one of
the brightest memories of chivalry, was responsible for the promiscuous
slaughter of three days which the crusaders exacted for the six weeks
siege which it cost them to take Jerusalem (loO'J). Theyliad 111)0 S'vabi..n
prisoners deUvered to the executioner at Milan, or shot from military
engines.

Charles of Aujou reserved many prisoners taken at the battle of
Benveutune to bo killed as criminals on his entrance into Naples. When
they took the castle Pescpiiere from the Venetians, tliey slew all but three
who surrendered to the i)leasnro of the King; and Louis XII., who is
counted for a humane monarch, thou'j;h his victims ofl'ered 1(X),000 ducats
for tluir lives, swore that ho would neither eat nor drink till they were
hanged.

When the town of Rouen surrendered to Henry V., of England, the
latter stipulated for three of the citizens to be left to his disposal, of whom
two inirchased their lives and the third was l)eheaded (1419). When the
same King the year following was besieging the castle of Monterau, he
sent some twenty prisoners to treat with the Governor for a surrender ;
but when the Governor refused even to save their lives, and when, after a
fearful leave-taking with their Anves and relatives, they had been escorted
back to the English army, the Knight King of England ordered a gallows
to be erected, and had them all hanged.

"When the English took the castle of Rougemont by storm and some
sixty of its defenders alive, with the loss of only one Englishman, Knight
Henry V., in revenge for his death,caused all the prisoners to be drowned
in the Loire.

When Meanx surrendered to the same King, it was stipulated that six
of its bravest defenders should be delivered up to Jns/ici', four of whom
were beheaded at Paris, and its commander at once hung to a tree outside
the walls of the city.

Take for another exami)le, Richard C'leur de Lion. He is the ideal
knight-errant of every school-boy and school-p;irl — the darling of romance.
He was in point of fact an unmitigated ruffian, and, incredible as it may
appear, a cannibal. One day, under the walls of Acre, being convalescent
he had a great desire for some pork, and no pork was to be had. They
accordingly killed for him a young Saracen, plump and tender, cooked
and salted him, and the Knight King ate him and found him very good.

Thereupon he desired to see the head of the pig. The cook, in some
trepidation, brought him in. Knight Richard laughed heartily, and ob-
served that the army had nothing to fear from famine, having such excel-
lent provisions in store.

^^1 1

IPf!

660 The Practical Woukings of Masonry, etc.

Shortly after the town was takeu, ami Saladiu's ambassatlora came to
sue for pardon for the prisoners. The High Graml Knight King onknvil
thirty of the most noble of them to be beheailed ami the heads to be boiled
and cooked. This accomplished, the heads were labelled with the names
of the dead men and served up to the Saracen ambassadora.

In their presence the Very Worthy Grand High Chief Knight Richard
ata a likely looking head with much relish, and bade them tell Saladiu
how the "Christians " made war.

He then ordered sixty thousand helpless prisoners to be led out into
a plain, where they were all ruthlessly butchered. "When he took a
town it was his habit to murder everybody, women and children included."

"He made an eftbrt to sell the City of Loudon and all it contained to
the Jews, and mis .ed no oi)portunity of plundering and oppressing his
English subjects, for whom he had precisely the same sort of regard as the
lion for his prey. "

"All this is well known to historians; yet the youths of the country

are taught in school and college by these latter day Knight Templars [who

lay the corner stones of our public buildings] to look uji to this unalloyed

villain as one of the glories of the English race and name."

* *

There were dark rumorS and odious reports concerning the conduct of
the Templai-s, and finally (1307 — 8) those in France and England were, by
the influence of the Christian Church (which had been their main support
as a "charitable society") arrested, and horrible charges made against
them and "proven by the courts " to be true — >n(iiiin'<>ii/i'><shi(/f() t)ie sumi'.

' ' Though professing to be Christians, they were accused of worship-
ing an idol, covered with an old skin, embalmed, having the appearance
of a polished oil cloth. In this idol, it was asserttnl, ' there were two car-
buncles for eyes, bright as the brightness of heaven, and it is certain that
all the hope of the Templars was placed in it. It was their sovereign God,
and they trusted in it with all their heart.' "

"They were accused of burning the bodies of deceased brethren and
making the ashes into a powder, which they administered to their younger
brethren in their food and drink, to make them hold fast to their faith and
idolatry ; of cooking and roasting infants and anointing their idols with the fat ;
of celebrating hidden rites and nii/sU-ru's, to which young and tender vir-
gins were introduced, and of a variety of abominations [pa<f(in ' ini/slerien,'
indeed!] too horril)le to be named.

That the Templars had a hollow place or cave in the earth [nowadays
they use the upper story of a building] in which they had an image in the
form of a man, which thev had invested with the skin of a human bodv,
and in which were inserted two bright and glittering cai'buncles in lieu of
eyes. At this horrible statue they who craved to enter their damnable re-
ligion were compelled to sacrifice; whom, before all ceremonies, they
obliged to deny Jesus Christ and to foul the cross with their feet.

ETC.

issadors came to

rht Kiug orileiVil

lu>acls to be boiled

(I vnih the names

)rs.

;f Knight Richard

them tell Saladiu

to be led out into
'When he took a
liildren included."
all it contained to
ud oppressing his
rt of regard as the

iths of the coiiutrv
ght Templars [who
p to this unalloyed
le."

ling the condiict of
I England were, by
their main support
[xrges made against
,i/,'S!<iti<) >i> the K'lmi'.
cused of worship-
ing the appearance
here were two car-
d it is certain that
leir sovereign God,

eased brethren and
•ed to their younger
ist to their faith and

sir idols with the fat;
ing and tender vii-

[pag(ni * ini/sferiei<,'

^le earth [nowadays

lad an image in the

L of a human body,

rbuncles in lieu of

their damnable re-

|1 ceremonies, they

their feet.

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc. 561

After they had profaned the Holy oSject in which girls and boys, se-
duced to be of their sect, assisted, they put out the lamps and hghts they
had in the cave, and if it happened that a Templar and a girl had a child,
they i-nnged themselves in a circle and threw the babe from hand to hand,
until it died by ^•iolence. Being dead they roasted it (horrible act !) and
of its fat anointed the grand statue (idol)."

Nearly all confessed their treason and crimes and were pardoned; but
it is stated that " for the glory of God, the stability of the faith and t)f the
Holy Church" 113 were executed.

In the trial given them in England by the Church, the Pope said : ' 'In
truth, a long time ago there came to our ears a rumor that the Templars,
though lighting ostensibly under the guise of religion for the acquisition,
detention and defence of the Holy Land, have hitherto been secretly hnng
in ijertidous apostasy and in detestable, heretical dejiravity, which we
were unwilling to yield a ready belief to the accusation." But after in-
vestigating the matter the Pope declared, in a i)apal bull, liimself iierfect-
ly con\-inced of the guilt of the order, and " solemnly denounces the
jjenalty of excommunication against all persons of whatever rank, stjvtion
or condition in life, whether clergy or laity, who should knowingly afford
either publicly or privately assistance, counsel or kindness to the Templars,
or should dare to shelter them, or give them countenance or protection ;
and also laying under interdict all cities, castles, lands and places, which
should harbor any of the members of the proscribed order."

[This was a first-class boycot !]

The Templars were accused, and many of them confessed as follows,
in brief :

I. " That at their reception into the Order, as soon as an opportunity
occurred, thev were induced or admonished by those who had received
them within tlie bosom of the fraternity, to deny Christ, or Jesus, t)r the
crucifixion, or at one time God, and at another time the Blessed Virgin,
and sometimes all the saints.

5. That the receivers told and instnicted those that were received that
Christ was not the true God, or sometimes Jesus, or sometimes the jiersou
crucified.

7. That they said he had not snfltered for the redemption of mankinil,
nor been crucified except for his own sins.

9. That they made those they received into the Order spit upon the
cross or the image of Christ.

10. That they caused the cross itself to be trampled under foot.

II. That the brethren themselves did trample on the same cross.

14. That they worshippeil a cat which was placed in the midst of the
congi'egation.

1(5. That they did not believe the sacrament of the Church.

21. That it was believed and so it was told them that the Grand
Master of the Order could absolve them from their sins.

26. That the visitors could do so.

26. That the Preceptors, of whom many were laymen, could do so.

36. That the receptions of the brethren were made clandestinely.

37. That uoue were present except tl>e brothers of the said Order.

51).
51.
52.
53.

562 The Piuctical Workings of M.\soniiy, etc.

38. That for this roasou there has for a Kmg time been a vehement
suspieiou aj^ainst them.

4(i. That the brothers themselves had idols lu every province, viz.,
heads, some of which had three faces, ami some oue, aud some a man's
skull.

il. That they adored that idol, or those idola, especially in their great
chapters or assemblies.

•48. Tiiat they worshipped them.
As their God.
As their Sa\-ionr.
That some of them did so.
That the greater part did.
They said that those heads conld save them.

54. That they conld j)rodnce riches.

55. That they had given to the Order all its wealth.

56. That they cansed the earth to bring forth seed. •

57. That they made the trees to Honrish.

58. That they bound or touched the heads of the said idols with cords
wherewith they bound themselves about their shirt or next their skin.

50. That at their reception, the aforesaid little cord, or others of the
same length were delivered to each of the brothers.

IH). That they did this in worship of their idols.

01. That it was enjoined them to gird themselves with the said little
cords as before mentioned, and continually to wear them.

62. That the brethren of the Order were generally received in that
manner.

t)3. That they did these things out of devotion.

64. That they diil them everywhere.

65. That the greater part diil. That those who refused the things
above mentioned at their recei)tion, or to observe them aftt>rwards, were
killed or cast into prison. [And twenty-one othur charges of tlev ilish and /«-
decent puijim " m)isteries,'"\

It was provided that the examination by torture shoiild be conducted
without mutilation or disabling of any limb, and without eftusion of blood.
[This being more humane than the conduct of the masons of to-day towards
their prisoners.]

It appears that the most of the Templars confessed their sins and
apostutized, aud were reconciled to the church and State ; others — with
their indecent paian " mi^steries" — united with the spurious masons ((/
i(7//i7/ is the inasonri/ of to-daj/) while others were con icted and executed
or imprisoned by the courts for their crimes, 1307 to 1320, and their ill-
gotten property given to the poor.

•* *

Sometimes Knight Templnrs were known as "Bri»zen Serpents ! " aud
— though a troop of soldiers, or human butchers, or a gang of pirates would
have no use for the square, trowel, level and pluml) — their emblems ot a
brazen serpent, skull and crossbones, and dagger, and pagan dress, are
trulv emblematic of their character aud conduct

" Attempts have been made to incorporate the Knights into [real]
masonry, aud their cross has been adopted by some of the high degrees

ETC.

The Practical WouKiNas of Masonhy, eiv. HiVi

jen a vobenumt

r proviuco. viz.,
A some a muu's

llv iu thoir great

1 iilola with cords
xt thoir skiu.
or others of the

;th the saiil little

• received iu that

•efused the things

aftorwards, were

o/iiev.'liiili oitii iit-

tuld be conducted
etVusiou of blood,
of to-day towards

sed their sins aud

ite ; others— i/wV/i

jirious masons {of

Ited and executed

(20, and their ill-

1 Serpents ! " and
u of pirates would
teir emblems ot a
1 pagan dress, ai-e

lights into [real]
the high degrees

[of the 8i>unoua order] but history fails to show the slightest trace of any
actua) connection beiween the orders."

Tcmplrtrism superstnlod all other forms of Knighthood. As the oiio
sank into decay and became the Imtf n/ni riilirxlf of t'civantes and t>tlior
authors, it was melted intothe other.andthcso united with tlu' speculative,
auti-workinft, sjmrious masons, iidopliiii/ if iiitotheiranle {>/ luiiiinnittctriiiea
ami iiiiUveiit, Ifinl " /« vs/'V/o' " and tipeniufj; their own institutions to its
numerous as.sociations, they gained thereby an accession of power nearly
equal to their own.

Aitii (>f aurli i!i thi' riiusotny, I'fc, of to-diii/ •'

Larousso furnishes another explanation of the strained connection be-
tween the old and the new, and states that in the eighteenth century, oor-
tain membei*s of the masonic lodge took up the idea of perpetuating the
ancient order of Templars, and to this end alhliated themselves with several
distinguished personages who were imbucil with (/''/.s//V<// ideius.

(tradually the order lost its distinctive character and wius melted into
speculative [or spurious] masonry. The old order has passed away with
the old ages that brought it into existence, but the old pagan fables and
obscene, lewd " mysteries " are still cherished.

* *
#

Masonry was largely a Jewish craft, aiul therefore vould not bed dirist-
hm ofid-r.

And they (the Jews) scattereil it through the c(Uintries of Europe and
by the union of Templarism and spurious masonry, found their best and
congenial friends among the Templars \\\i\\ their stock of pagan idolatry
aud " mysterious " polutious. And both being sly. heartless and grasp-
ing in the pursuit of gain, without work or production. So that, although
one boast*» of having battled for the cross and the glory of Christ, aud tho
other glories iu liaMUg cruiitied Jesus on the cross, yet, this mongrel,
kid-gloved-spurious-midnight. masonry and pagau-idtilatrous-Templarisni
is such that they, the Tartar, the Chinaman, and the Mormon — in their
sly greed, cruelty and clauishuess — dwell and conspire together in unison
and brotherly love against the Government that is not danish, pagan and
kingly enough for them, and against its full-Hedged citizens and pro-
ducers.

Patriotism and reUgion, equal rights and privileges, level justice and
charity to all. are discarded, sjnt upon and trampled in tho mire of their
black deceit, love of cnielty, grasping greed, and their hatred of the truth !

* *

" I (im in the place when' I am demnnded of conscience to speak (he truth
and therefore the truth I speak, impugn i' who so lists,"

"I never could believe that p^o^^dence had sent a few men into the
world, ready booted and spurred to ride, aud millions ready saddled and
bridled to be riddeu."

■II

> fi •:

;llf

i 1 ■ .

' * ■

•; ;: ii

* } '

' 1' '■

k : ll

OS :

W ^ '

j'^'

|H '

II,

^^H, .-:

'■'f:.:f

HHb u

,''t\.i

11 ■

n •

oG4 The Puactical "Workings of Masonry, etc.

"Thoy (lamped every pleasure, every IjUhs destroyed,
And uipped the budding blossom of my joy."

" Many and sharp the num'rous ills

Inwoven with our frame I
More pointed still mo make ourselves

llegret, remorse, aiid shumo :
And man, whose beaveu-erected face

The smiles of love adorn,
Miui's inhumanity to man.

Makes countless thousands mourn !

See yonder poor, o'er-labor'd wight,

So abject, mean and vile,
Wlio bogs a brother of the earth

To give him leave to toil ;
And see lus lordly fellow-worm

The poor petition spurn,
Unmindful, though a weeping wife

And holi)le88 ofl-8i)rings mourn.

If I'm designed yon lordling's slave —

B^' nature's law designed —
Why was an indeiiendent wish

E'er planted in my miud ?
If not, why am I subject to

His cruelty or scorn ? •

Or why has man the will and power

To make his fellow mourn ? "

Oath of a Candidate in the Fikst Degree of Free-Masonhy.

From "The Mysteries of Free-Masonry," as written by Captain William

Morgan. By George R. Crafto, formerly Thrice Puissant

Grand Master of Manitou Council, New York."

" As soon as tho candidate is placed in this position, the Worshii)fnl
Master api)roaches him, and says, 'Mr. A. B., you are now placed in a
jjroper position to take upon you the solemn oath or obligation of an
Entered Apprentice Mason,* Avhich I assure you is neither to aft"<>ct your
religion nor politics. If you are willing to take it, rei)eat your name,' ami
say after me :

'I, A. B., of my own free will and accord, in presence of Almighty
God, and this worsl'iipful Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, dedicatcll
to God, and held forth to the holy order of St. John, do hereby and heie-

J I'

* In many Lodges this 1b put in the form of a question thus : " Aro tou willing to take an
obligation upon you that does not affect your politica or religion ?" The promise "to conform,"
made before entering tho Lodge, the "assurance that tho oath is not to iuterfero with thi-ir
political or religious-principlos," and the manner the obligation is administered, only two or
three words being repeated at a time, conseciuently not fully unde' stood, are among tb" reasons
which have led many great and good men to take oaths Incompatible with the laws of Ocd and
our country.

The Practical Workings of Masosisy, etc. uG.j

on most solomnly ami Hijicoroly in'oniiso atid swear, that I will alwavs hail,
ever ooiufal, aiul iicmt n'vt-al any part or parts, art or arts*, point or points
of tho Ht'crt'ts, arts and nivstiM-ies of ancient Trco Masonry, which I have
received, ant uWoiit to receive, or may licrcaffer he instructed in, to any
person or persons in the known world, excei)t it be a tnio and lawful
itrotlier Mason, or within tlio body of a just and lawfully constituted
Lodjj;e of such, and not unto him, nor unto them whom 1 shall hear so to
be, but nnto him and them only whom I shall liud so to be, after strict
trial and duo examination or lawtnl information. Furthermore, do I jno-
miso and swear that I will not write, print, stamp, stain, ln'w, cut, carve,
indent, i)aint, or entiiavo it on anything moveable or immovable, under tho
whole canopy of heaven, whereby, or whereon tiio least letter, H^uro,
character, mark, stain, shadow, »)r resemblance of tho same may bt'conio
legible or intelligible to myself or any other jH'rson in tho known world,
whereby tho secrets of ^lasourv may be unlawfully obtained throufj;h my
I'.nwortniness. To all whiidi I do most solemnly and sincerely pn)miso
and swear, without tho least eipiivocation, mental reservation, or self-
evasion of mind in mo whatever ; f/iiu/imj vii/si'/f iim/fr no Icsn jit'tml/i/, tl/an
to hare mi/ l/iront cut iwros^i, mif toiii/ini torn out bi/ the roots, oikI imi tioili/
huriril ill. the roiu/h soikIs (if the sed <it low wolervKtrk, irhi-re Ihetiile f/,//s iniii
fioirs tirice hi firi-/ili/-/oiir hours; so help mo God, and keep me steadfast in
tho true performance of the same."

Oath of the Second, or Fellow Craft Mason's l)i:<iKT:E.

"IJrothcr, you are now placed in a proper ])osition to take on yim tho
Sf)lemn oath, or obligation, of a Fellow Craft Mason, which 1 assure you,
as before, is neither to atl'ect your religion nor politics; if you are willing
to take it, repeat your name, and say after mo :" —

"I, A. !{., of my own free will and aci-ord, in thojiresenco of Almighty
God, and this Worshipful Lodge of Fellow Craft Masons, dedicateil to
God, and held forth to the holy order of St. John, do hereby and hi>reon
most solemnly and sincerely ])romiso ami swear, in addition to my former
obligation, that I Mill not give the degree of a Fellow Craft Mason to any
one of an inferior degree, nor to any other being in tho known world, ex-
cept it be to a true and lawful brother, or brethren Fellow Craft Masons,
or within tho body of a just and lawfully constituted Lodge of such; and
not nnto him nor nnto them whom I shall hear so to b(>, but nnto him and
them only w hom I shall find so to be, after strict trial and due examination,
or lawful information. Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will
not wrong this Lodge, nor a brother of this degree, to the value of two
cents, knowinglv, myself, nor sutler it tobedone by others, if in my power
to prevent it. t'lirthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will sni)iiort
the Constitution of the (Jraud Lodge of th<^ United Stat«'s, and of tho Grand
Lodge of this State, under which this Lodge is held, and conform to all
the by-laws, rules and regulations of this, or any other Lodge, of which I
may at any time hereafter become a member, as far as in my ))ower.
Furthermore, do I promise and swear, tha,', I will obey all regular sign.s
and summons given, handed, sent, or thrown to me by tho hand of a
brother Fellow Craft Mason, or from tho body of a just and lawfully con-
stituted Lodge of such; provided it bo within the length of my cable-tow,
or a s(piare and angle of my work. Furthermore, do I promise and swear,
that I will be aiding and as.sisting all poor and i)enniless brethren Fellow
Crafts, their widows and oridiaus, wheresoever disposed round the gh)be,
they applying to me as such, as far as in my power, without injuring my-
self or family. To all which I do most solemnly and sincerely promise and
swear, without tlie least hesitation, mental reservation, or self-evasion of

u :

506 The Phactical Wohkinqs op Masonhy, etc.

B-^i-if ^'-1

:•!;'*■

t-i;

%.rtf ^'

3if ;

mind in mo whatever; binding myself under no less iienalty than to have
my U'ft liieast torn open, oud my heart and vitals taken from thence,
and thrown over mv left shoulder, and carrii'd into the valley of Je-
liosaphat, there to become a prey to the wild beasts of the fields, and
vultures of the air, if ever I should ])rovo wilfully Ruilty of violatin^^
any part of this my solenm oath or obligation of a Fellow Craft Mason;
so'keep mo (lod, and keep me Bt«!udfast in the due performaueo of the
same. "

The blaster then says, "Detach your hands, and kiss the book,
which is tho Holy Bible, twi«'e. "

"Oath or Obligation ok a Masteb Mason,

which I assure you, as before, is neither to affect your relifjiou nor
polities. If you are willing to take it, rejjeat your name, and say after
me:" —

"I, A. B., of my own free will and accord, in the presence of Ahnighty
God and the Worshipful Lodge of Master Masons, erected to God, and
dedicated to the holy order of St. John, do hereby and hereon must
solemnly and sincerelj- jn-omise and swear, ia addition to my fon.'cr
obligations, that I will not give the degree of a Master Mason to any

one of inferior degree, nor to any other being Furthermore, do I

promise and swear, that I will not give the grand hailing sign of dis-
tress, except I am in real distress, or for the benefit of the craft when
at work ; and should I ever see that sign given, or the W(jrd accom-
jjanying it, and the i)erson who gave it appearing to be in distress, I
will tly to his relief at the risk of my life, should there be a greater

1)iobai)ility of saving his life than of losing my own. Furthermore, do
promise and swear that I will not wrong this Lodge, nor a brotlier
of this degree, to the value of one cent, knowingly, myself, nor suffer
it to be done by others, if in my power to prevent it. Furthermore,
do I promise and swear, that 1 will not speak evil of a broth(!r blaster
Mason, neither behind his back, nor before his face, but ^411 aijprise hiui
of all ajjproacliing danger, if in my power. Furthermore, do I jjiomise
and swear that I vnll not Nnolate the chastity of a Master Mason's wife,
mother, sister, or daughter. I knowing them to be such, nor suffer:' to be
done by others, if in my jjower to prevent it. Furthermore do I i)roniise
and swear that I will support the constitution of the Grand Lodge of the
(State of , under which this Lodge ia held, and conform to all tho by-
laws, inles and regulations of this, or any other Lodge of which I may, at
any time hereafter, become a member. Furthermore, do I promise and
swear, that I will obey all regular signs, summons, or tokens, given,
handed, sent, or tlirown to me from the hand of a brother Master Mason,
or from tho boily of a. just and lawfully constituted Lodge of such ; pro-
vided it bo within the length of my cable-tow. Furthermore, do I promi.se
and swear that a Master Mason's secrets, given to me in charge as such,
shall lomaiu as secure and iu^nolable in my breast as in his own, when
communicated to me, murder and treason excepted ; and thett U'ft to vvi
cm election. Furthermore, do I promise and swear that I will go on a
Master Mason s errand, whenever reipiired, even should I go barefoot and
bareheaded, if within the length of my cable-tow.* Furthermore, do I
promise and swear that I will always remember a brother Master Mason,
when on my knees offering up mj' devotions to Almighty God. Further-

♦I.tleriUy . rope several yardH In length, but mygtlciiUy three niUea, so that a Master
MaRi>n uuiBt yd .>ii a brother Master Ma-ou's enaml whenever required the distance of three
miles, shcnilil lii> have to g > barefoot and b:ireheaded. In the degrees of Knighthood the dis-
tance is forty miles.

ETC.

The PiiACTicAL Woiikinos of Masonuy, etc. 567

Ity thau to have
I from tlu'uco,
valley of .Je-
tlie fields, aiiil
y of violating
w Craft Masou;
ormaui'O of the

kiss the book.

tr religion nor
3, and say after

lice of Almighty
ad to (Jod, iiiid
d hereon must
1 to my fori, or
Masoii to any
rthermore, do I
iug sign of dis-
tliG craft when
le word aceom-
le in distress, I
re he a greater
Furthermore, do
5, nor a brother
yself, uor sntiev
Furthermore,
brother Master
rt-ill apprise him
, do I promise
r Mason's wife,
r sufter :' to be
re do I |>rouiise
Lodge of the
a to all the by-
whieh I may, at
I promise and
tokens, given.
Master ^lason,
e of such ; pro-
re, do I promise
charge as such,
his own, when
fhei/ li'/l to m>/
,t I will go on a
go barefoot and
rthermore, do I
:Master Mason,
God. Further-

. BO thnt a Master
lie distance of three
LnigUthoocl the dis-

moro, do I iJromise and swear that I will bo aiding and assisting all jioor
indigent Master Masons, their wives and orphans, wheresoever disposed
round the globe, as far as in mv ])o\ver, without injuring myself or family
materially. Furthermore, do f promise and swear that if any juirt of this
my solemn oath or obligation bo omitted at this time, that 1 will ImKl my-
self amenable thereto, whenever informed. To all of which I do most
solemnly and sincerely i)romiso and swear, with a fixed and steaily ]»nr-
pose of mind in me, t<J keep and perform the same, binding inys.lf umler
no less penalty than to have my l»odv severed in two in the midst, and
diviiled totlie North and Houtli. my l[)()wels burnt to ashes in tlio eeiitri .
and the asheH scattered ))eforo the four winds of heaven, that there mi^dit
not the least tract or trace of remembrance remain among men or Masons
of so vile and jierjured a wretch as I should be were I over to ju'ov*' wilful
ly guilty of violating any part of this my solemn oatli or obligation of a
Master Mason ; so help me God, and keep mo steadfast in the duo per-
formance of the same."

The Mastt-r then asks the candidate, "What do yon most desire?"
The candidate answei"s after his prompter, "More light" The bandage
which was ti»'d round liis head in the i»i, j)aration room, is, by one of the
brethren, who stands behind him foi \,u.<i jiurposi , loosened and ", ut over
both eyes, and he is immediately brought to light, in the sami^ manner as
in the preceding degree, ex. jt three stamps on the floor, and three cl.q)s
of the hands are given in this degree. On iH'ing brought to light, the
Master says to the candidate, "You first discover, as before, three great
lights in Mivsonry, by tho assistance of three lesser, witli this ditl'erence,
both points of the compass are elevated above the s(piare, which denotes
to you that you are about to receive all the light that can be conferred on
you in a Mason's Lodge." The Master steps l)ack from the candidate and
says, "Brother, you now discover mo as Master of this Lodge, approach-
ing you from the Ea.st, iinder the sign and due-guard of a IMaster Mason."
The sign is given by raising both hands and arms to the elbows iierpeu-
dicularly, one on either side of the head, the elbows forming a s<piare.
The words accompanying this sign in case of di.stress, are, "O Lord my
God, ia there no help for the Avidow 's son ! "

O.vTH OP A Mark Mastfh Mason.

"I, A. B., o{ my own free will and accord, in i)resence of Almighty
God. and this Right Worshipful Lodge of ISIark Master Masons, do hereby
and hereon, in addition to my former obligations, most solemnly and sin-
cerely promise and swear, that I will not give tho degree of a ]Mark blaster
Mason to any one of inferior degree, nor to any other pi'r.son in tiie know u
world. Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will sujtport tlie
constitution of tho General Grand lloyal Arch C'hapter of the United
States of America, also tho Grand Royal Arch Chajiterof thi.H State, under
which this Lodge in held, and conform to all the l)y-laws, rules and regu-
lations of this or any other Lodge of Mark Master Masons, of which I may
at any time hereafter become n member. Furthermore, do I ])romise and
swear, that I will obey all regular signs and summons given, handed, .se:t,
or thrown to uie from the liaud of a brother Mark Master Mason, or from
the bodv of a just and legally constituted Lodge of such, proWded it be
within tlie length of my cable-tow. Furthermore, do I i)romise and swear,
that I will not wrong tliis Lodge, or a brother of this degree, to the value
of his wages, (or one penny) myself, knowingly, nor sutler it to be done by
others, if in my power to prevent it. Furthermore, do I promise and swear
that I will not sell, swap, barter, or extfhange my mark, which I shall
hereafter choose, nor send it a second time to pledge until it is lawfully

!i i

568 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

fM '

p'H

1 f K; " '

irt,

redeemed from the first. Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I
will receive a brother's mark when oflered to me re(|iiesting a favor, and
grant him his request, if in my power ; and if it is not in my power to
grant his request, I will return him his mark with the value thereof, which
is half a shekel of silver, or quarter of a dollar. To all of which I do most
solemnly and sincerely promise and swear, with a fixed and steady ])ur-
poseof mind in me, to keep and perform the same, binding myself under no
less penalty, than tt) have my right ear smote off, that I may forever be
unable to hear the word, and my right hand chopped off, as the penalty of
an inq)ostor, if 1 should ever prove wilfuUv guilty of violating any part of
this my solemn oath, or obligation, of a Afark Master Mason. So help me
Uod, and make me steadfast to keep and perform the aame." "Detach
your hand and kisN the book."

Oath of tiik Past Master's Deoree.

" The candidat" kneels on both knees, lays both hands on the Holy
Bible, square and compass, and takes the following oath, or obligation : "

"I, A. li., of my own freewill and accord, in i)rcsence of Almighty
God, and this Worshipful Lodge of Past Master Masons, do hereby and
hereon, most solemnly and sincerely promise and swear, in addition to my
former oV)ligati(ms. that I will not give the degree of Past Master Mason,
or any of the secrets pertaining thereto, to any one of an inferior degree,
nor to any person in the known world. Furthermore, do I promise and
swear, that I will obey all regular signs and summons, sent, thrown,
handed or given from the hand of a brother of this degree, or from the
body of a just and lawfully constituted Lodges of Past Masters, provided it
be within the length of my cable-tow. Furthermore, do I promise and
swear, that I will support the constitution of the General (J rand Royal
Arch Chapter of the United States of America ; also, that of the Grand

Chapter of the State of , under which this Lodge is held, and conform

to all the by-laws, rul(>s and regulations of this, or any other Lodge, of
which 1 may at any time hereafter become a member, so far as in my
power. Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will not assist, or be
present at the conferring of this degree ui)ou any person, who has not, to
the best of my knowledge and belief, regularly received the degrees of
Entered Ai>prentice, Fellow Craft, ^Master Mason, and Mark Master, or
b(>en elected Masti'r of a regular Lodge of Master Masons. J'ui-thermore,
do I promise and swear, that I will aid and as.sist all poor and indigent
Past Master Masons, their widows and or)>hans, wherever dispersed round
the globe, they applying to me as such and finding them worthy, so far ns
in my i)ower, Avithout material injury to myself or family. Furthermore,
do I promise and swear, that the secrets of a brother of this degree, de-
livered to mo in charge as such, shall remain as secure and inriolable in
my breast, as they were in his own, before communicated to me ; nnirder
and treason excepted, and those left to my own election. Furthermore,
do I promise and swear, that I will not Avnnig this Lodge, or a brother of
this degree, to the value of one cent, knowingly, myself, nor suffer it to
be don(^ ])y others, if in my power to prevent it. AH which, I do most
solemnly and siiu*erely promise and swear, with a fixed and steady pur-
pose of miTul, to keep and perform the same ; binding myself under no
less penalty, than to have my tongue split from tip to root ; that I might
forever thereafter, bo tiuablo to pronounce the word, if ever I should
prove wilfully guilty of violating any jiart of this, my solemn oath, or
obligation, of a Past Master Mason. So help me God, and make me
steadfast to keep and perform the same."

t i

RY, ETC.

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

569

<e and swear, that I
liiestiug a favor, and
lot m my power to
value thereof, which
U of which I do most
xed and steady ]>nr-
ding myself iinder no
at I miiy forever he
off, as tlie penalty of
violating any part of
Mason. So help me
le same." " Detach

lEE.

hands on the Holy
ath, or obligation :

)re8ence of Almighty
isous, do hereby and
!ar, iu addition to my
Past Master Mason,
)f an inferior degree,
re, do I pi-oraise and
imous, sent, thrown,
degree, or from the
t Masters, provided it
e, do I promise and
general (irand Eoyal
), that of the Grand
s held, and conform
any other Lodge, of
icr, so far as in my
will not assist, or be
sou, who has not, to
eived the degrees of
nd Mark Master, or
sons. Fniihermore,
poor and indigent
Bver disi)crsed round
em worthy, so far as
lily. Furthermore,
of this degi-ee, de-
re and in\iolable in
ated to me ; murder
tion. Furthermore,
dge, or a brother of
;elf, nor sutler it to
1 which, I do most
ed and steady pur-
g myself under no
root ; that I might
1, if ever I shotild
iiy solemn oath, or
od, and make me

Oath of Most Excellent Mastek's Degree.

"I, A. B., of my own freewill and accord, in presence of Almighty
God, and this Lodge of Most Excellent Master Masons, do hereby and
hereon, iu addition to my former obligations, most solemnly and sincerely
promi.se and swear, that I will not give the degree of the most Excellent
blaster to any of an infei'ior degi-eo, nor to any other person, or jiersons,
in the known world. Furthermore, do I i>romise and swear, that I will
obey all regular signs and summons, given, handed, sent, or thrown to me
from a brotlier of this degree, or from the body of a just and lawfully
constitnted Lodge of such, provided it be within the length of my cable-
tow, if in my powei'. Fui'thermore, do I promise and swear, that I will
support the constitution of the General Grand lloyal Arch Chapter of the
United States of America ; also, the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the
State of , nnder which this Lodge is held, and conform to all the by-
laws, rules and regulations of this, or any other Lodge, of which I may,
at any time hei(>after, become a member. Furthermore, do I i)roniiseand
swear, tiiat I will aid and assist all poor and indigent bietlireu of this de-
gree, their widows and orphans, wheresoev(>r dispersed round the globe,
as far as in my power, without injuring mvself or family. Furthermore,
do I promise and swear, that the secrets of a brotlur of this degree, given
to me in charge as such, and I knowing them to be such, shall remain as
secret and inviolable in my breast as in his own, murder and treason ex-
cepted, and the same left to my own free will and choice. Furthermore,
do I promise and swear, that I Avill not wrong this Lodge of Most Excel-
lent Master Masons, nor a brother of this degree, to the value of anything,
knowingly, myself, nor suffer it to be done by others, if in my i)ower to
jirevent it ; but will give due and timely notice of all approaches of dan-
ger, if in my power. Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will
dispense light and knowledge to all ignorant and uninformed brethren, at
all times, as far as in my power, without material injury to myself or
family. To all which, I do most solemnly swear, with a tixed and steadv
purpose of mind in me, to keep and perform the same, binding myself
under no less penalty than to have my breast torn open, and my heart and
vitals tiiken from thence, and exposed to rot on the dunghill, if ever I ^ io-
late any part of this, my solemn oath, or obligation, of a Most Excellent
Master Mason : so help mo God, and keep me steadfast in the due per-
formance of the same." "Detach your hands and Idss the book."

O.VTH OP the Royal Akch Degree.

. . " Furthermore, do I ]>roniiRe and swear, that I will not speak evil of a
companion Eoyal Arch Mason, neither behind his back nor before his
face, but will apprise him of approaching d.'Uger, if iu my power. Fur-
thermore, do I promise and swear, that I will not strike a comi)anion lloy-
al Arch Mason in anger, so as to draw his blood. Furthermore, do I
promise and swefir, that I will suppm-t the constitution of the (ieneial
Grand Ptoyal Arch Chapter of the United States of America; also, tiie
constitution of the Grand lioyal Arch Cliapter of the State under wliich
this Chapter is held, and conform to all thebvlaws, rules and regulations
of this, or any other Chapter of which I may lu^reafter become a member.
Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will obey all regular signs,
summons, or tokens given, handed, sent, or thrown to me from the iiand
of a companion lloyal Arch Mason, rr from the body of a just and lawfully
constituted Chapter of such, provided it be within the length of my cable-
tow. Furthermore, do I promise and swear, that I will anl and assist a
companion Koyal \rcli Mason, when engaged in any dillienlty ; and es-
pouse hia cause, so far as to extricate hiiu from the same, if in my power,

'!in

570 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

U .r

"wbother lie be right or wrong. Also, that I will promote a compauiou
Tloyal Aix'h Mason's jiolitical iireferr ""nt in preference to another of equal
qnahlinitions.* Fm-thermore, do I i)romise ami swear, that a companion
lioval Arch Mason's secrets, given me in charge as such, and I knowing
them to be such, shall remain as secure and iu\'iolable in my breast as in
his own, mnnler initl trefiatm not e.vce])tmL\ Furthermore, do I promise
and swear, that I will be aiding and assisting all poor and indigent Royal
Ardi Masons, their widows and orphans, wherever dispersed around the
globe, so far as is in my power, without material injury to myself or
liiiuily. All which, I do most solemnly and sincerely promise and swear,
with a firm and steadfast resolution to perform the same, without any
ecinivocation, mental reservation, or self-evasion of mind in me whatever ;
binding myself under no less penalty than that of having my skull smote
oft', and my brains exposed to the scorching rays of the sun, should I ever
knowingly, or wilfully, violate or transgress any part of tliis my solemn
oath, or obligation, of a Royal Arch Mason. So help me God, and keep
mo steadfast in the performance of the same."

The Obligations of Thrice Illustrated Knights of the Cross.

i'Vr.sY Ohliijutioti. — You, Mr. , do now, by your honor, and in Niew

of the power and union of the Thrice Illustrious Order of the Cross, now
first made known to you, and in the dread presence of the Most Holy and
Almighty God, solemnly and sincerely swear and declare, that, to the end
of your life, you will not, either in consideration of gain, interest, or
honor, nor with good or bad design, ever take any, the least, step or
measure, or be instrumental in any such object, to betray or communicate
to any person, or being, or number of the same, in the known world, not
thereto of cross and craft entitled, any secret or secrets, or ceremony or
ceremonies, or any part thereof aiipertaiuiug to the order and degree
known among Masons as the Thiice Illustrious Order of the Cross. That
you will not, at any time or times whatever, either now or hereafter,
directly or indirectly, by letter, figure, or character, however or by who-
ever made, ever communicate any of the information and secret mysteries
heretofore alluded to. That you wi'l never speak on or upon, or breathe
higli or low, any ceremony or secret api)ertaiuing thereto, out of Council,
where there shall not be two or more Knights comijauions of the order
present, besides yourself, and that in a safe and sure place, whereby any
opiui()n,even of the nature and general principles of the institution, can be
formed by any other person, be he Mason or otherwise, than a true Knight
companion of the cross ; nothing herein going to interfere with the pru-
dent practice of the duties enjoined by the order, or arrangement for their
enforcement.

2. You further swear, that, should you know another to violate any
essential part of this obligation, you will use your most decided endeavors,
bv the blessing of God, to bring such person to the stiictest and most con-
dign punishmeut, agreeably to the rules and usages of our ancient fratern-
ity ; and this by pointing him out to the world as an unworthy vagal)ond ;
bv opposing his interest, by deranging his business, by transferring his
cliaracter after him wherever he mav go, and by exposing him to the con-
tempt of the whole fraternity and the world, Ij^ut of our illustrious order
more especially, during his whole natural life.

* This oliiuso 1« somotlnioB made a distinct imlnt In theobUgatlou In the following form,
viz : Furthornioro, do I iiromlse ami swear, that I will vote for a companion Royal Arcli
Mu!-ou, before any other of equal quallQcatlons; and In some Chapters, both are left out uf
the obllgatlou.

t In sinno Chapters this Is administered: "All the secrets of a comi>aulou without ex-
ception "

ETC.

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc. 571

te a coHipaniou
auotlif I' of equal
at a compauiou
I, ami I kuowiug
luy breast as iu
•e, do I promise

iudigout Royal
rsed around the
iry to myself or
mise and swear,
ne, without any
iu me whatever ;
r my skull smote
m, 'should I ever

this my solemn
9 God, and keep

OF THE Cross.
ouor, and iu ^^ew
)f the Cross, now
16 Most Holy and
!, that, to the end
gain, interest, or
the least, step or
y or communicate
known world, not
;, or ceremony or
jrder and degree
the Cross. That
ow or hereaft*.>r,
ever or l)y who-
secret mysteries
upon, or breathe
, out of Couueil.
lions of the order
lice, whereby auy
ustitution, can be
lau a true Knight
re with the pru-
.ugemeut for their

er to violate any
ecided endeavors,
;est and most cou-

aueient fratoru-
rorthy vagabond ;

transferring his
g him to the 0(m-
illustrious order

In the following form,

)mi>anlou Boyivl Arch

, both are left out of

mijanlon without ex-

3. Should any Tliriee Illustrious Knight or acting officer of any coun-
cil which may have them iu hand, ever require your aid in auy emergency
in defence of the recovery of his said charge, you swear cheerfully to ex-
ercise all assistance in his favor, which the nature of the time and place
will admit even to the sacrifice of life, liberty, and ijropeiiy. To all, and
every jmrt thereof, we tlien bind you, and by ancient usage you bind
yourself, under the no less infamous penalty than dying the death of a
traitor, by having a spear, or other sharp instrument, like as our divine
Master, thrust iu your left side.

PABT OF TUIBD OBLIGATION OP KNIGHTS OF THE CROSS.

8. I Bwear to venerate the mark as the wisdom and decree of Heayen, to unite our
hands and hearts Iu the work of the holy crusade, and as an encouragement to act with
zeal and effli^acy ; and I swear to consider Its testimonies as the true and only proper test
of an Illustrious brother of the cross.

4. I swear to wear the mark of this order, without any the least addition, except what
I s^liall be legally entitled to liy x.uiuction, forever, If not without the physical means of do-
ing so, or it being contrary to propriety; and even then, if possible, to wear the holy cross;
and Iswear to putachiet dependence for the said worthy and i>lous objects therein.

6. I swear to put confidence unlimited in every lllustiioiis btother of the cross, as a
true and worthy follower of the blessed J»'sus, who has sought this land, not tor private
good, but pity, and the glory of the rellglonof the Most High and Holy God.

6. I swear neverto i>ermlt my political priuclplos nor personal iiiterest tocomecounter
to his, if forbearance and brotherly kindness can operate to i)revent It ; ami never to moet
him if I know It, in waror in i)eace, under such circumstances that I mny not, in Justice to
myself, my cross, and my country, wish him unquallfled success; and if perchance it
should happen without my knowledge, on being inform id thereof, that I will use my best
endeavors to satisfy him, even to the rellnqulfhing my arms and purpose. I will never
shed a brother's blood nor thwart his good fortune, knowing him to be such, nor see it done
by others if in my power to prevent It.

7. I swear to advance my brother's best interest, by always supiwrtlng his military
tame and political {uefermeut in opposition to another; and by employing his arms or hia
aid in his vociitlou, under all circumstances whore I shall not suffer more by so doing, than
he, by my neglecting to do ho, but this never to the sacrifice of auy vital Interest in our holy
religion, or in the welfare of my counto'.

8. I iwear to look on his enemies as my et.emlea, his friends as my friends, and stand
forth to mete out tender kindness or vengeance accordingly; but never to intrude on hl.<3
social or domestic relations to his hurt or dUhonor by claiming his privileges, or by de-
bauching or defaming ills female relations or friends.

9. I swear never to seo Calmly nor without earnest desires and decided measures to
prevent the Ill-treatment, slander, or defamation, of any brother knight, bor ever to view
danger or the least shadow of injury about to fall on his head.

11. Ifwear to keep sacred my brother's secrets, both when delivered to me as such,
and when the nature of tho information Is such as to require secrecy for his welfare.

12. I swear to hold myself bound to hlin, especially In affliction and adversity, to con-
tribute to his necessities my i)rayer3, my influence, and my purse.

13. Iswear to be under the control of my council, or, it belonging to none, to that
which Is nearest to me, and never to demur to, or complain at, any decree concerning me,
which my brethren, as a council, shall conceive me to deserve, and enforce on my head, to
my hurt and dishonor.

14. Iswoarto obey fUsuT'monsBentfromany council to me, or from any M'^st Illus-
trious Knight, wheth(>r Illustrious Counsellor t'r tho time being, o- by induction and to be
governed by the constitution, Ubnges and customs of the order without vai iatlon or chaiig<\

To all this, and every part thereof, I do now, as before, by the honor and i)o«'er of i he
mark, as by an honorable and awful oath, which conflrmeih all tilings in tho dreail i ii'-
sonce of the Most Holy and AlmlRhty God, solemnly and In truth, bind and obligate my
soul ; and In the earthly penalties, to wit, that, for the violation of tho least matter or jiai
tlclo of any of the here taken obligations, I become the silent and mule sub](>ci of the dis-
pleasure of the Illustrious oner, ami have their power and wrath turned on my head to
my destruction and dishonor, which, like the n<ii( o/jael, moy be the sure end of an unworthy
wroti h, by iilerclnp my temples with a true sense of my inaratitude— and for a breach of
silence In case of such an unhappy event, that I shall die the Infamous death of a trattoi,
by having a spear, or other sharp weapon, like as my Lord, thrust In my lott sMn- bearing
testimony, even in <ieath, of the power of the murk of the Holy and Illustrious Cross, liefore
I. H. S. our Thrice Illustrious Counsellor in Heaven, the Grand Council ot tho good. To thla
I swear.

* * *

THE ROTAL SECBKT, OK KADOSH.

Instructions for the leunlon of the brethren. Knights, Princes, and Commanders, of the
Royal Secret or Kadosh, which really signltles, Holy hrethrm of all degreet sei)aratfd.

>reilerlck III., King of Prussia, Grand Miwter and Commander In Chief, Sov(>r.>lgn of
Sovereigns, with an army comixised of the Knights, Princes of the White and Black Eagle,,
Including Prussian, English ai.d French; likewise Joined by the KulgUis Adep's ot the suu

572 TiiK ruACTicAL WouKiNtia vv jMasonhy, etc.

■ n

Priiicps of T.lbnntin or the Koynl Asp, tho KnlgtitR of tho Ro«e Croix or St. Andrew, Knights
(if tho EiiHt iind W«>Ht, tlio Princes of Jorusftloni, KniKlilM of tho Tasl orHword, tho Grand
Elo<'t Perfi'i't and Hiibllnio MuHous, the Kulghts ot tho Royal Aroh, (ninth Arch,)Suhllmo
KulKhlH F.locted, jic, 4iC.

Tho hour to. tho dopurturo or march of tho army Is tho fifth after tho sotilnKof tho sun
nnd Is to bo nwido known by the flrlng of llvo great Kiiim In tho followInK order(Oi— (1)0 >
— that Is, Willi Hii Interval between tho Drst and Heeond. Tho flrHt renilry.vonH In to bo tho
port of Naple.H— from Naples to the [xirt <'f Ithodes— from Rhodes to Cyprus and Maita,
whence the whole naval forco of all nations Is to asxenible. The pocond rendezvous Is to be
at Cyprus, .Vo. 'I ho thli'il rendezvous Is to l>o alJeriisalom, whore they will bo Joined by
our faithful guardians. Tho watchwords foreveiy day of tho week areas foUowa; auU they
aro l]ot to bo clmiiRed but by express order from tho King of Pruscla :

Vrnlectors of Mai»nry.

Sunday,

Monday,

Tuesday,

Wcdiiefd.y,

Thursday,

Friday,

Saturday,

Cyrus,

Diirius,

Xerxes,

Alexander,

I'hiladelphus,

Herod,

Hezekiah,

Answer,

Prophets.
Kz.'klel,
I iinlel,
lliihakkuk,
/I'plianlali,
lliinpil,
/iii-liarlan,
Malaohl,

W(;n._pinco tho right hand on tho heart; extend It forward, tho palm downward ; lot li
fall by tho right hlilo. i.S'<irmfiiion/»,— Those of tho Ciirpot, which sro t-i i)o read l)iickward
round tho cirolo from right to left, tliua:—Ono says "Sallx," to which the other rcpll>-s
"Noul;" l)Oth then relioat (by letters) tho word " reiigu." /'ii.is-iminfs.-" I'hual Kol,"
Which signllli's "seiHiratuil ;" "Pharas Kol," which slgnlllos ■' rennlled ;" "Nokam Makah,"
which slgnlllos "tuavongo;" oaoU thou letters tho word "Hhaddal." which slgnlUes
" Omnipotent."

Chariie aiUlrrssKl tn McOimfi'ifn/c— My dear brother:— TlioSaracens having taken ixwsesslon
ot tho Holy Land, those who were engagiid In tho (!ruHikdcs not being able to ex|)ol tiicm,
agreed with (Jo.lfrey de Uoulllon tho conductor and chief of tho Crusiiders, to veil tlie mys-
teries of religion under (>nibl<<ms, by which they would be able to maintain the devotion of
tlio soldier, and proliM't themselves from tho Incurnloii of those who were their oneiiMes,
after tho example of tho Script un-s, tho8t;'-> of which Is llgurai Ive . Tlume zoaloiis brethren
chose Solomon's temple for their m<Mlel. T.iis building has si rong allusions to tho (MirlHtlau
chtinh. Since that period theyiMnsons) liave been known by ihonaniitof Master Architect;
and they have employed themselves In Improving the law of that admirable Master. From
hence It ftpliears tliat tho mystfrici of thr cri\ft are the mystnifi qf (pagan] reliijum. Those
brethren wore careful not toetil rust tb Is Important sec et to any whoso dlscn>tl<in they had
not proved. For this reason they Invented dlfforent degrees to try [ho»o who onten'd among
them; and only gave them symbolical secrets, without explanation, to pr<-vent tri>a. heiy,
and to make thontsi'lves known only to each other. For this put imso It was resolved to use
illlTerent slgi\s, words, and tokens. In every degree, hy which they would be secured iigalnst
cowans anil Haraoeiis. Tho dllTerent degrees wore fixed llrst to tho number ot seven by the
example ot thoUrand Archl'ectof (ho ltnlv<<rse, who built all things In six dnysaml re«t<>ii
on the seventh. This Is distlngnlsheil by Si>vcn liolnts of reception In the Masler'sdegriMV
EniM'h employed six days to construct tho arches, and on tho seventh, having deposited tho
si'cret treasure In tho lowest arch, was translalid to tho abodes of tho IiIcssimI. Holomon
eni ployed six years liicoi\striu'llnghlstem|>le;anil celebrated ltsdedlcii<|onon>hos<>\enlh,
witl all the solemnity worthy of the divinity himself. This sacred editlce we chiM)8e to
iniiko the basis of llguratlvo Masonry. In the first ilegree aro t hreo symbols to be applied.
First, tho lltst of the croatloti, which was only chaos. Is Mgiirod by thocainlldate'sc. mliig
out of th(> black chamber, neither naked nor clothed, depi Ived, Ac, ; ntid his sutTerliig the
painful (rial at his reception, ftc. The caiulhlalo sees nothing beforo ho Is bnv.ight to light
Mild his iHiwers of Iniaglnallon relative (o what he has to go througli aro suspeinhMl, which
alludes to tho (Igure of the creation ot that vast lundtious body cdiifuseil among tho other
purls of creation beforo It was extracted from darkness and llxed by tho Altnlghty lint.
SiMMiidly, the candldntc approaches the footstool of the Master, and there renounces nil
I'lvwans; ho promises to siiIhIuo his passions, by which moans he Is nnli.eil to virtue, and
by his regularity of life, diMiioimlrati'S what ho pro|Kises. This Is llgiired to him by the steps
that h(> lakes li\ approaching tho altar; tho symlMillc- meaning of which Is the separation of
tho llrmament from the earth and water on tho second day of creation. (The i-harge piM-
oi>edB by giving II llguratlvo Interprelatloti ot the ceremonies, &c., of tho llrst and scm-oihI
]iartof the third degree whh'h 1 passov<'ras not lnt(>restlng to iny readers, and coiniMi'tti-e
with an Interpretation which win be as novel to tho Craft u( tho lower grades us tu the
coH'diiji, or non-Initialed.)

In the Master's d<>greo Is reprosettted tho assassination of Hlrnm by false bn>thren,
This otight to put us In mind of the fate of Adam, occasioned by perverseness In his dis-
ob(>ylng his great and awful Creator. Thesymbolli> mystery ot the death ot lllram AbllTre-
pre»ents to us that of the Messiah ; tor thi- tliiee blows which were given to lllram Atil(T, at
tho thri>ogati>sot the temple, allude to llio three |Hilnls of condeinnatlon agaltist Christ, at
tho High Priest's (^alphas, lleiHicI and Pilate. It was from the last that hti was led to that
most violent and exiMUclatIng death. The said three blows Willi the stpiare, gimg(>, and
gavel, are symbols of the blow on the chi'ek, the llagellallon, and the crown or Uio, us. 'I he
brethn>n assi>mbled around the tomb of lllram, Is a representation of the disciples lament-
ing tho death of tlhrlst on the cress. The Master's woni, wh.ch Is said to be lost, slin'e tho
death ot lllram AbllT, Is thostime that Christ pronoiiticsil on \lie cross, and whli-h the ,lews
(lid uolcuiupreliend, " Ell, Ell, luinasabacthani," " myUod, niy Cod, why hast thou !or-

KTll.

The PuAcrrir.vL Wdukinos of Masonuy, etc. 578

t. Andrew, KniRlits
•Hwonl, the Oraml
iitli Arch,)8ubllmo

osotilnRof tJiosun
K order (Oi— {0 0.
IrzvoiiHlH to bo llio
1 Cyprus and Mn;tii,
rond(>7.voii« Is to Im
oy will bo joined by
18 tolloivs; uuU tliey

Ik.
ill,

m downward ; lot It
. be road backward
■h tlie oilier repltt'S
mh. — " I'Iniiil Kol,"
"••Nfikani Makab,"
1," wblcli blgnllles

liiKtaktniHxweKBlon

lilo to exiHil tin>m,

i<rs, to veil tbe niys-

lalnlbe devotion of

fero their eneiiilea,

wo zealous brotbreu

loitB to thoChrlMllau

of Master ArolilK'Ot;

■able Master. From

(janl rfliijiini. Those

idlBoretlou they had

who entereil among

1 prevent trea. hety,

was resolved to use

. jie scoured iiKaliixl

nberot seven by the

i|x dnysand r«>stod

..e Mnsier'8<loKroe.

HVlng d«i.t«lled the

bli>ssed. Holonion

. u on I he seventh,

lloe we cbiH)8e to

lis lo be applied.

•HUdldate'se. inliiR

1 hIssuITerlntt the

Isbi-o'.iKhl to light

susjiiMUhMl, which

among the other

tho Almighty lliil.

(<re reiiounoes nil

lied to virine, and

to hint by the steps

the separiitlon of

(Theoharge ptM-

llrst and second

fs, and comtneni'o

grades as lo the

by false brelhreit.
;>rsoncHs In his dls-
lot lllnim AhllTre-
to lllnim AlillT, at
n against Christ, at
t hi' was led to that
squari>, gnage, ami
n or Ihoins. 'I ho
< disciples lameiil-
lo be lost, since the
d which the ,Io\vs
hyhast thou !or-

saken met have pity on and forgive iny enemies"— Iiihtead of which wotils woresubstltulod
M. H. N. (Mac be iiao,) which. In Arabian, slgultles, 'Tho son of the widow Isdoad." Tlu'
false bri'thron represent .ludas Isoarlot, who sold Christ. The rod collar woru by the (Irand
Elect rerfect and Htibllme Masons, calls toromomhrance the bliKHl of Christ. The sprig of
oa.Hsla Is the figure ol the cross, because of this wood was tVii< cross made. The captivity of
theOrmul Kloct and Hubllme Masons, (1. t<. by tho Chaldeans,) shows us tho |H<rsecutlon of
the Christian religion ui.dor tho Itonuin oniporors, and Its liberty undi>r Constant liio the
(lr<>at. It al^'oealls toour remonibrance the perseetitl )n of the Templars, and tlu' situation
of .Jaciines l»e Molay, who, lying In Irons nearly seven ywirs, at the end of which our worthy
(4rand Master was burnt alive with hW four companions, on the eleventh of Mati-li. l:iU,
creating pity and tears In the people, who saw him ille with llrmnesBnnd liorolc constatn'y,
si-allng Ills InuiH-eni-e with his bloixl. My dear brotht>r. In passing to the donri'o of Porfoci
Master, In whli-h yon shed toai-sat the tomb of II Irani Ablff, and insitmo other degrees bus
not your heart boiMi li'<l to ren'ng(>'/ Has not the orlme of Jiibidnm Aktl^)p been ri'pri'senti.l
In tho most hide ms light ?— Would It be unjust to ('oin|>are the conilucl of I'lilllp lhi> Kalrlo
his, ami the Infamous uccusois of the 'li'inplars, to th<< two n;nianswho were ai'compllcos
with Akirop ? l)o they not kindle In your heart an eipial BverslonV 'I be dItTerent singes
you have traveled, and the time you have taken In learning those historical events, no
doubt, will load you to ni«ki> tho proper appllcutlons; and by the dogn>e of Master l-.loi't
and Knilosh, you nro prop<<rly illH|io.seil to fuUllall youriMigagoinonIs, and to boar an Im-
placable hatreil to the Knights of Malta, and to avengi< the tloalli of .laccpios Do Molay.
Your e.\tenBlve aci|Ualnlniico with symbollo Masonry, which you have attained by yoin- dls-
eretlon, li>aves you nothing more to desire here. You see, my ilear brntlior, how. and by
whom. Masonry has come to us. You are lo endeavor by ev<>ry Jnsl moans to regain <nir
rights and to romi'inber that wo are Joined by n soi'loty of men, whosi< I'oiirage, nnrlt and
gcKxl Conduct, hold out to us that rank that birth alone gave to our allocators. You are now
on the same level with them. Avoid I'vory evil by kei>plng your ohllgallons. and ciiri'fully
conceal from the vnlgiir what you are, and wall that happy nioniont when we all shall be
reunited uiiiler the same Hoverolgn In the mansions of <>tornal bli.ss l.ot us Imli.iio tlii>
<>xainpl«of ourdraiid MaHtor,.lac(ino«<le Molay, who to tho t'li'l put his hope lii UiHl.ai'.d
at his last<lylng nioliioiua ended Ins life saying, " Hpos iiii'a In Don est I"

Oliligatiim.— l do, of my own free will and accord. In the |irosenot> of the Qrand Archlleet
of the Universe, nnd this eonslslory of Hoverolgn Princes of the Hoynl Socrol, or Knights of
St. Andrew, faithful guar<llans of the faith fill tri'asuro; most s<>loinnl> vow and swiar, iimler
all tho «llirer»'nt penalthBof my form<>r obi Igal Ions, that I will never dlioolly or I mil reel ly
revi>al or make known to any per-on or porsinis whatsoever, any or the li< st part of this
Koyal <le. roe, unl<"«s toone duly ipialllled In the boily of a regularly oonslltnlod Consistory
of the sjinie, or to him orthem whom I shall find such after strhU and due trial. I further-
more Vow ami swear, iindtr the above ponallii's, to always ahhlo and regulate iny<i<lf agree-
ably to tho statutes and regulations now before me; ami when In a Consistory to behave and
domeau mysi'lf as Olio worthy of being bonorivl with so high a degree, that no part of my
eonduet may In the least rolleotdl.MciiHlIt on the Koyal Consistory, or dlfgraeo luysuU. bo
may (iotl inalnlnln mo in ei|Ulty and Justlcol Ameul Ain.'iil Aiiioni AinonI

N^oin Cdiuiot tnii/hoifi/ SiU' thuf d prrsoii iDnifr nni/ micli sii/>ri'»iv oh/i'/'itinii
III his r/<iii, iinicr, iir i/iiii;f, is vsvw to iioid) any iTitMctn'i'ici;! Ami llint
(hi^ further hi' is lulrniioil in viiisniiri/ llir iiiorr liiiiii/i'nuis he is?

And HiH'ir \s Tiri.s akk its Fkith j.

"lioHitlcH <lu^ boiioH «li' I'll at Ulno iMoiiiituiii, iva dciailcd olsc-

wluM'o in lliOHd coluniiis, wo iiit ■■nioi'tuctl iliat a lot. wcro also found al)o\c
I't'Ildlcton, a mIioi'I tilinMl^jo. Muni/ <i jumr drril hus lifm kimrki'il dii tin
hi'iitl, ill this ruiiiilri/, mul thi'ii stoirnl itii'di/ iniiirr i/rniiiiii, irithmit ttiiiihmlii
bi'iiK/ Ihi! irisi'r."

A ril.VPTIU IN AmKUICAN I'oi.lTIi'.S,

Fnim the Li'iidrrs of tlir Past, ti> thosr of the Vrrsrnt.

(iv<ir<ii> W'iishiiKjtnii's h'drcirrll Adifrrss. — "Tlio very i(l(>a of tlio l»owcr
and tlio right of tlio ]ii>o|)lo to OHtaliliKli govtMiinii'iifc i)n>-.sui>i>o.sos tlio duty
of ovory iiidivitlnal to ohov ilio oNlaliliHliod gov<>riiniont. All olislrnotioiiH
to tho oxocutitin of tho laws, all ooniliinatioiiH and asHociatioiiH, nndor
whatovor iiliiUHiMo oluiraotor, with tho loal dt'Nifjfii to tliroct, control,
ct)untom<'t, cr awo tho ro(j:nlar dolihoration and action of tho constitiitod
authoritioH, uro dostructivo ot' ihiH fuiulaiDontai iiiiuoiiilo, and of fatal
toudoucy."

57-4 The PiucTirvL Wohkinos of Mason nv, etc.

!: r1

•lit

Thiidifi'iis S/fri'ii'i : "}\y Frooninsonrv, trial l\v jury is tnvnsfonuod
into an t>iigiii»^ of dcsjxitism and Masonic frami."

Kihi'nnl I-.'nrr/l : "A st'iTct Hocicty so widely dittnsod and connoctod
nn tliis I'uts a vast )>o\v«m-, oapablo of the most dangorous ab\iso, into liands
irrosjionsildo to tlu' imldic. "

(liirf .liiittici' Jithii MiirsJiiiH: "Tho institution of mnHonry ouKlit to
bo abandonod as ono oapablo of niui-h t'vil and in<'ai>abl(. of producing auv
good wliicl\ might not bo otVcctod by safo and o|)i>n means."

CJi<ir/i!i J!^n»nifr : "I find twoixiwcrs horoiii Washington in harmony,
and both aro antagonistical to our free institutions, and tend to centraliza-
tion and anar-hy- Freemasonry and slavery ; and tliey must both bo de-
stroyed if our country is to bo the homo of tlio fr<>e, a.s our ancestors de-
signed it."

Til It flow Wi'ith "I now look back through an interval of liftv-six
years with a conscious sense of having been governed tlirough the Anti-
masonic excitement by a sino(<re desire, first tt) vindicate the violated laws
of my country, and next to arrest tlio great jiowor and dangerous intln-
euces of secret societies."

WiUiiim If. SfwimI: "Before I would placo my hand between the
hands of other men in a secret lodge, order, class, or council, and. bending
on my kueo before tli(>m, enter into combination with tht>m for any object,
personal or political, good or bad. I would pray to (»od that tliat hand
and that, knee might bo paralvzt>«l. and tliat I might become an object of
pity and even tlio mockery of my fellow-men."

Wfxih'U. Phillipn: " History shows them iierverting justice. 8toi>]iing
at no crime to i>rotect and conceal their mummeries, controlling jmlitics
for selfish and jiersoual ends, and interfering with great danger in national
emergencies. Ev(>ry good citizen shoultl make war on all secn^t Hocit>fies.
and give himself no rest until they are forbidden by law and rooted out of
existence. '

(ii'orijo Wiishiiifjioii, fn/rii'iiifs in 17!) f, qimtrd hi/ ^fi/rnn Holli'i/ : " Tho
real people occasionally assembled in order to express their sentiments on
political sentiments, ought iu>ver to be confounded with permanent, s«'It-
ai)poiuted societies, usurpiufj; the right to control con,stitu ted authorities,
and to dictate to public iijiinion. While the former was entitled to re-
spect, the latter was incomiiatible Avith all government, and must either
sink into general dis-esteem, or finally overturn tho estjvblishod order of
things."

(Jfiiei'nl U. S. Grniit: "All secret, oath-bound political parties are
dangerous to any nation, no inatt«'r how pure or how patriotie the motives
and principles wliidi first bring them together."

President Millard Filmorc, J. C Spencer, (uid nfliers ; "The INFasonio
fraternity tramples upon our rights, defeats the administration of justice,
and bids' defianoa to every government which it cannot control."

John Qidnei/ Adows: "I am ])rei>aredto complete tho demonstration
before (lod ani\ man, that the Masonic oaths, obligations and penalties
cannot by anv possibility bo reconciled to the laws of morality, of Clirist-
ianity, or of tlie land."

Disr(teli, Lord liencnnsfield: "In conducting tho governments of the
•world there nro not only sovereigns and ministers, but se-ret orders to be
considered, which have agents everywhere — reckless agents, who counte-
uanco assassination, and if necessary can produce a massacre."

vl. ^f. Siillirnn, Irisli Lender : "Iliad not studied in vain the secret,
ooth-bound associations. I regarded them with horror. I knew all that
could be said as to their advantages in revolutionizing a country, but even

Tub Pii.voriCAL Wokkinos of Masonhy, etc,

575

s tmnsfonupd

in tho liriufst iiiul best of liiiiuls tliin- Imd a dinvt toiuliMiov t<i »l«'int)niliza-
tioii rtinl iiro oftou ou tlio wholo moro i)L'riloiis to soi-iety than open tv-
ruuuy."

Hon. Kiliranf Jilidr, Iradrr in t'lnint/idii I'lir/iuwriit, Murclt, ISS/:
"lam not ill favor of Statt* rooogiiitiou of any s(>cn>t Hociotit>.s. I havo
novor joiui'd one, tlionfj;li many of my bt'st fritMulw aro nuMnl>t>is of sccivt
sociotu>s. ]5nt I bt'liox t< tlic ti'mloncy of sooivcv itsolf to bo injniious. I
lu'liovo that it IningMwithit tlio possibility of ovii; I bi-liovo tliat it involvos
a oortain amount of saorilioo of individuality and indoiu'iidcnfo. and ^jivcs
vory groat faoilitios for tho misloatliuf,' of mombcrs by dosigning l(>adfis
very groat and tnischiovous facilitios for that jiurposo. 1 bolit<vo that a
groat doal of tho troublo. MU'ial and politii-al, that lias occurrod in thoso
i'OUutrii>s jKuropo and An\orical is (bu> to socrt't Hooiotios. "

It r II r fill ]ViiKfiiti[it()ii oppiisi'if tit Sirrrt Surii'tirs : This is a ropublicatiou
of Oovornor .Tosoph Kitnor's " \'iii<lirtiliiiii of (iriirrnl Wiis/iiiii/Uui/rniii tint
Stii/Diit 1)/ A.l/i''rriifi' to SfiTi't Sorir/it's," tMimmunicatod to tlio llouso of
IJoprosoutativos of IVnnsylvania. March 8th. bSliT. at their spocial roipjost.
To this is addod tho fact thalthroo liigh Masons woro tlio tmly pi>rsons\vh<>
opj)osod a voto «>f thanks to Washington oi\ his rotiromont to i)rivat<' lift> —
uudonbtodly l>ooa\iso thoy oonsidorcd him a soc(>ding FrctMnason. Ton
fonts oai'h ; ]M>r do/.on, 75 cents. — Aiiu'ricnn Aiili-si'crfci/ Lnnjui', 'J'Jl Wvst
Mii/ison fSlrcii, Chicaijo,

liao says : "It was difllonU to bcliovo that tht>y woro simplo citiziMis
of tho ropublio, so grand was tlioir ap])oarani'o, ami so )iroud did tlioy
Hooni of thoir now olothos. As a rul(<, thoro is no moro soborly drosscll
iMn-son than a oitizon of tho Ihiitod Statos. A i>atormd Congress has for-
l)iddon a civilian to indulge in tlu> vanity ktiownas court oostume, and has
onjoinetl tluit when ho attends a fon>ign court ho shall wear ordinary even-
ing dress. No restriction, liowover. is i)ut uj>ou the citizen donning any
kind of military uniform he pleases, and this is said to \w one of tho
reasons why tho order of Knights Templar is attractive and popular in tho
United tStates. Its members havo tho further gratification of reading
their names, with haudh's to them, in tho lunvspapers ; and when j)Iain
Urowii, Jones, and K»>binson see tluMuselves in juint as Sir John Hrown,
Sir Thomas Jones, Sir Joseph Kobinson. thoy may oxporionci.' tho satis-
faction of mtni who havo imuio tlu'ir mark.

Till I beheld the Knights Templar, I had never realized tho rfit>ot
produced by oiitiro regiments clad in thi> uniforms of j ■ iieral olllcers of
tho tlraud l3uchy «>f (Jerolstein. With cocked hats adorned with feathers
upon their heads, embroidered trousers upon their legs, tunics round their
bodies, tlioir breasts being as thickly covered with ribbon.s and medals as
tho breasts of otlicers in tho servii'o of tho I'rince of lV[onaco, and with
swords in their hands resembling the toy swords of children, these Sir
Knights appeared to tho simple-minded a splendid spectacle, uud to tho
critic u set of guys."

What auk HioinuNnEHs ?

"The bloody conflict lately enacted between rival liighbinder societies
iu this city, resulting in the death of three t'hinamen and tho serious
wounding of two more, has given rise to considerable discussion as to who
tho highbiuders are, what they aro, and tho best methods to bo emjiloyed
to break up thoir organizations, ami by that to put an eud to their uefari-
OUH practices.

Tho terin highbinder really has no place in the English language. Tho
dictionary and encyclopedia both fail t«) recognize it. It is a term hko

576 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

TS^

IfM

^. \

{

many others in the English language, colloquialized, and has acquired a
standing through custom and usage. It is a conventional term, the same
as "hobo," "hoodlum," and many others that have acquired a signifi-
cance through a si)ecitic designation of some iieculiar attribute of a general
class.

As near as can be learned, the term first came into jjraCtice on this
coast some fifteen or twenty years ago. It was applied to those contend-
ing factions among the Chinese demzens of San Francisco who were known
to make a living off the earnings of others, generally from the fruits of
illegitimate business. Just how the term originated is not known. The
business of levying on the fruits of others' labor was done under a guise
of giving protection and encouraging immunity from jjunishmeut. These
Mongolian vampires, who, when organized, corresponded in a certain
sense to the coiTiipt poUtical cliques of this countiy, were designated as
highbinders. Bulldozing is the fundamental essence and life princiijle of
both organizations. Chinese highbinders are ia reality a modified species
of pirates. Instead, however, of asserting their supremacy, as do the
jiirates on the open seas, in open conflict, they show their prowess in cun-
ning deception, bulldozing, intimidations and threats."

HIGHBINDEBS IN CHINA.

In China the class of peoiole answering to organizations of Highbind-
ers in this country are known by the name of Hung Tow or Tung Ho.
They are not legal organizations, but are under the ban of the govern-
ment. If a highbinder organizati m is discovered death stares the mem-
bers in the face. The Chinese authorities are very strict, and imder no
consideration are secret societies of any kind allowed to exist. Discovery
is met with the extreme jjenalty of the law — death. An organization of
the nature of highbinders is looked upon as a conspiracy, and death is
the penalty of those gathered in secret conclave.

In China, as in this country, the highbinders hold the same relations
to society. There are at least 200 Kwong Hong or family branches in
China. These branches occassionally organize highbinder societies be-
tween themselves. Everyone is eligible to join any of these societies.
All that is needed is for a person to have the necessarj^ instincts of a scoun-
drel and he is at once received into full fellowship into any of their
ordei-s. These societies, whenever for any reason they are not discovered,
live off the community, the same as a [Mason] does in this country. They
live by bulldozing and by exacting subsidies under threats. They live by
smuggling, stealing, and even killing for pay. They live by all means
that are illegal, and no means that are just.

HOW SUPPKESSED.

There are no longer many highbinder societies in China, while out-
bursts of riots between rival organizations are of very rare occurrence.
The reason is the extreme severity used in punishing ttose who are appre-
hended. If the existence of a highbinder society is made known to the
authorities, the ringleaders are generally beheaded.

In China a man may smuggle and his opium is confiscated ; he may
steal and he is publicly flogged. He may at times even commit more
serious crimes and escape with comparatively Ught punishment. But let
a man conduct a secret meeting and he is denied even a jireliminary exam-
ination before a mandarin. He is beheaded without further ado. If tlie
guilty are not found out, the innocent are executed with them, for the guilt
is atoned for at any price, though innocent lives be sacrificed. The end is
calculated to justify the means. Generally, however, the names of the

ETC.

The Practical WoRKiNas of Masonry, etc. 577

d baa acquired a
1 term, the same
quired a siguitl-
bute of a general

practice on this

those contend-
who were known
rom the fruits of
lot known. The
one under a guise
dshmeut. These
led in a certain
3re designated as
i life principle of

1 modified species
imacy, as do the
ir prowess in cun-

ions of Highbind-
:ow or Tung Ho.
m of the goveru-
1 stares the mem-
ict, and under no
» exist. Discovery
L.n organization of
i-acy, and death is

Itbe same relations

lamily branches in

Inder societies be-

f these societies.

jstincts of a scoun-

fnto any of their

•e not discovered,

[is country. They

its. They live by

ive by all means

;)hina, while out-
Jrare occurrence.
|se who are appre-

ie known to the

^seated ; he may
len commit more
Ihment. But let
Preliminary exam-
Iher ado. If the
Jieni, for the guilt
Iced. The end is
xe names of the

guilty parties are given \ip without interference. If for any reason the
guilty parties in any crime committed are not given up, the authorities
arrest one prominent member of each company, and, as a general rule,
the desired information is soon forthcoming. If these leaders still refuse
to disclose the names of the guilty jmi-ties in a transaction, the law meets
its end by executing those leaders who are arrested.

As a matter of fact, there are but fjw riots now occasioned in China
thi'ough the existence of highbinder societies. This peaceable, quiet state
of aflairs in a country which numbers her population by the milUous,
must be attributed to the stringent laws against carrying weajjous and
against aiding or obettiug in hokUug a meeting of a highbinder or other
secret society.

HIGHBINDERS IN THIS COUNTBT.

When the Chinamen oarae to this country many of their jjassions
suppressed in their own Howery kingdom, found an opportunity for ex-
pansion. Tliis was a free country, and the laws were made for the gov-
ernment of an enlightened civihzatiou. The Chinese had been ruled with
an iron hand, and what wonder is there that they should tend towards
extremes when this restraint is removed ? Our law.s in the United States
were made to govern citizens of this country, and citizens of this country
are supposed to have reached a stage in civilization where democratic laws
are sufficient for them. The Chinese coming here are evidently not made
for our civiUzation, for they abuse its pri\ileges. The laws ai-e made for
enlightened people, and cannot fit a semi-barbaric contingency. If a for-
eign element cannot be assimilated into the body politic of the country
and adopt its rules and regulations, it becomes very evident that that for-
eign element cannot exist in the country unless there be particular laws
enacted to govern the people somewhat according to tlieii- recjuirements.
This is exactly the reason highbinder societies have tloiirished in this
country. By the silence and indifference of the authorities here the
Chinese highbinder societies have come to the conclusion that if they are
not exactly courted, they are at least tolerated and approved.

MIXED UP A3 USUAL.

As is always the case in rows among the Chinese it is very difficult
to get any information as to the cause of the trouble. The statements of
the class of Chinese who are mixed up in such aflairs is not to be relied
on, and even the dying statement of one of these highbinders is as likely
to be false as true.

The leading Chinamen of this city are all very much wrought np over
this conflict. None have any sympathies with the murderers if tliey can
be found out.

" The laws in this country, " said one, "are altogether to lax for the
Chinamen. This fight is a natural outcome of the leniency shown the
Chinese murderers in the county jail. The Chinamen have no fear for
the law and think that they can buy their freedom if they have plenty of
money. No su(!h highbinder societies are allowed in China. If there are
any secret organizations of any kind discovered in China they are more
summarily dealt with. If the English authorities find them out the
Chinamen are either imprisoned for life or shot, and if the Chinese gov-
ernment makes the discovery the Chinamen's heads are cut ofl' forthwith.
There is not even the formality of a tiial given them."

. . . .Another one said that tlie murderers of these Chinamen will never
be found out unless one of the Chinese companies prosecute the case.
"The Chinamen know who the guilty ones are, but will not tell," lie said.
" The city authorities ought to send eight or tea policemen to make a

578 The Puactical Workings op Masonry, etc.

i! T'^-f

•r

thorough Heai'ch of Chinatown. Tliore aro still qnito a numlu'i- of
wounded Chinamen hidden and if they are not soon hunted up they will
either sneak out of town or get well without medical attendanefs." The
city is not taking the right jjosition in allowing the mutter to rest as it now
stands. The guilty parties should be ferrett«'il out and if tiiis is impossi-
ble, those who stand in with them shtnild bo hung with the suspected
ones, in order i-- make an example of them if to no other end."

A third Chinaman said that the Chinese societies can tell who every
guilty party in this late bloody transaction is, and furthermore they can
l>e made to tell if the authorities go at them in the right way. "The
Chinese are allowed too many liberties. All highbinder soci(!ti('s should be
broken up, and the police authorities must be mortf stringent if the com-
munity desires to have no recm-reuco of such a bloody tight."

" inOHniNDEU SOCIETIES MTST DISBAND.

Mavor DeLashmutt and Chief of Police Parrish had a conference wth
the leading Chinese merchants, for the purpose of securing their assistance
in bringing the guilty Chinese to justice, and to prevent a recurrence of
such conflicts. As a result of this conference the Chinese busine.ss men
and merchants will unite and give the authorities every as.sistance in their
power to accomplish the work of breaking up all highbinder societies.
The name of every highbinder society with its location were given Chief
Parrish and the war of extermination will soon commence. The China-
men are all agreed that active steps should be taken at once. Notices will
be posted on every door of these highbinder headquarters ordering them
to disband within five days. If this order is not obeyed within the speci-
fied five days, if every sign is not taken down from their headquarters and
every other evidence of the existence of the.se societies destroyed, the law
will take its course. The police will c( nmence to arrest every highbinder
in the city. The names will be furnished by this protective organization
of Chinese business men and there will thus be no chance for any to es-
cape detection.

The black list will be made out at once, and every highbinder will be
placed behind prison bars. This course of action has received the sanc-
tion of the leading Chinese merchants and there will be no difiSculties en-
countered in carrying it into execution."

"As a reporter of The Oregonian was jiassing through the county jail
yesterday, Mah Jim, the Chinaman under sentence of death for killing Ah
toy in the Chinese Free Mason's hall some six months ago, hailed him.
Mall Jim began by saying that he was not guilty of kilUng Ah Toy, but
was the victim of a conspiracy hatched by his enemies to get him out of
the way.

" Did you not serve a term in the penitentiary ? " asked the reporter.

"Yes," said Jim.

" How long were you there ? "

" AV)out six months," answered Jim.

«* Well, how did it all come about ? What was you sent up for ? "

•'For larceny. I worked for Quon Wo Wa, on Oak street, while they
wore sending gangs of Chinamen up on the railroad to Tom and Jim
Filliken. You sabe ; some Chinamen can't talk English, and I talked for
them and told them where to go. I was to get S2.50 a day, but as I didn't
get my money I sued Lee Sang, of the Quon Wo Wa company, in Justice
Greene's court, for $170. At the same time a job was put up on me — that
I stole Bome clothes — and I was sent up."

re.

a nuiulun' of
I np they will
indaucc!. The
) rest ns it now
this is impossi-
tlio suspected
id."

tell who every
more they cau
,t way. "The
Kitics should be
I'ut if the com-
t."

Bonference ■with
their assistance
a recurrence of
je business men
distance in their
)inder societies,
ere given Chief
le. The China-
36. Notices will
ordering them
ifithin the speci-
leadquartera and
stroyed, the law
■very highbinder
■■ive organization
!e for any to es-

;hbinder will be
■eived the sanc-
|o difficulties en-

^ the county jail
&i for killing Ah
Jago, hailed him.
fng Ah Toy, but
get him out of

3d the reporter.

Int up for ?
Ttreet, while they
L Tom and Jim
[ind I talked for
j, but as I didn't
■pany, in Justice
\ up on me — that

The Practical Wobkimgs of Mahonuy, etc.

579

"What was the job put up for ? "

" Because I sued for the nioiiey."

" And why do they accuse you of this murder? "

" When I got out 1 took the suit to the state circuit court and ob-
tained a judgment for $75, but I didn't make anything as the lawyer took
it all."

Mali Jim then went on to say that Lee Sang, the man he had sued,
was all broke up.owed everybody, and ho had been threatened.providil ho
took legal recourse against him. " I belonged to the Chinese Free Ma-sons
for six or seven years. Thoy are all the same as highbinders ; all lik(>
brothers together. If a man is killed and they don't want it known none
of them will say a word about it. Mali Jim said two head men of the
Masons and particular friends of the man against whom ho prosecuted
the suit, put up the job accusing him of being the murderer and that they
agreed to pay Pow ChinWah.the principle witness against him, $'>() to swear
that he killed Ah Toy, $2()0 if he (Jim) was sent to the jjenitentiary, and
8300 if he was hanged. Further, that everybody who knew him well
had a good opinion of him, and that he had more I'rieuds among the white
people than among his own countrymen."

Highbinders in Los Angelos.
Prizes set on the heads of two Chinuvieii, and a White man.

" If left to settle itself Chinatown will undoubtedlv solve the i)roblem
of its own existence without the aid of any boycott. The slumbering vol-
cano of internecine strife occasionally emits its deauly odors. All is not
unity, harmony and love within the Chinese camp. Its cooUes belong to
different companies, whose fierce struggle for supremacy and the hon's
share of the wages of their slaves is a fit sample of the struggle of the sur-
vival of the fittest. Each company takes care of the religion, social pleas-
ures and physical comforts of its members. Each company has its own
joss house, its tan game and its highbinder societ;y, which the Chinese call
a ' Freemason lodge.' When the lynx-eyed highbinders of the Wong com-
pany see the members of the Chung Wo Company robbing at a tan game
some poor devil of a cooUe fresh from a Washhouse or an orange orchard,
they inform the officers, and the latter make a raid, and the Chung Wo
men, if captured, have to pay roundly for their fun. They then come
back on to the Wong Company when they are fleecing a green countryman,
and so bad blood has been developed between the companies till every
Chinaman goes armed with a revolver, which he is ready to draw and shoot
on the slightest provocation, as the row last night shows. The Wong and
Chung Wo companies are ready to fight for the least cause now. This
was the exact status before the big Chinese riot of 1871, when eighteen or
more Chinamen were killed, and these are the same causes which led to
that riot, by exciting the ira of the lower class of the Caucasians and
Indians, who shed their blood.

Last Sunday the highbinders of the Wong Company, on solemn con-
clave, set prices on the heads of several Chinamen, including Ah Jim and
another Chinaman, for $800 for each head. The price of $1,200 was set
on the head of C^iarles Newberg, who inhabits Chinatown more or less,
and who learned to speak the Chinese language in Hongkong, where ho
was bom, while his father was there in the merchandise business. This
appalUng state of affairs was revealed to the ofiicers on last Monday, but
they regarded it as a stupid tale till the events of last evening in the
attempted assassination of Ah Jim on Negro alley confirmed the reports.

il!

iif:

580

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

During tlio att<>iu])t of the offloers to make a raid on a tan game on
Negro alley, about 7 o'l'loek TueHday evening, a shooting Hcrajie ooeiirred
in which several Chiuamuu were shot,"

?:1

" The i)o]ic'e learned of the murder; they could get nothing but the
bare facts. Not one of the jjcrpetrators of the crime was caught, as no
one would give any information for fear of incurring the revenge of the
society. The same thing has occurred so frequently in this city that it
is in the nature of a miracle when crime in Chinatown is discovered
and j)uuished.

Meascres Against HionnrnDEUs.

Liist Friday evening the Mayor and Chief of Police being informed
that the highbinders' societies were dis])oscd to resist the order for clos-
ing them, started out, and with the assistance of Officer Watson closed
up nine of these rendezvous. The signs of the societies were torn down,
and their emblematic ornaments, little josses, bowls of sandalwood and
oth<>r imi)lement3 with which they solemnize their secret obligations,
were taken down and locked up.

The mayor has further instructed Chief Parrish that this measure
must be thoroughly jn'osecnted.

The mayor is thoroughly aroused in the mattt^r, and has the active
and earnest supi>ort of all the police force, and the ai>proval of not
onlv the whites, but the better class of the Chinese merchants. The
outlook is most enco'araging for a complete break-ujJ of this organized
menace to good government.

[Bui s<ttf, why not also break up the other masonic "menace to (jootl gov-
ernment ? "]

Colored Masons.

"In California, as well as in every Htate in the union, the colored
Masons are a separate and distinct organization from those of Caucasian
origin. The .sovereign grand lodge of California, which recently held
its session in Stockton, was without a single white rei)resentative. Out-
siders sometimes consider it rather singular that masonry, which professes
not to regard the outside qualifications of men, should be oi)iJosed to
recognizing colored men as brothei-s. The reason for this, however, is
found in the fact that the negroes secured their cl^arter and ritual f-om
England. On this account American lodges refui > to recognize them.
In the South this alienation is carried to the extr ne. During the war
a Southern man's house was foraged by some Noi
them being a sergeant, an ex-slave, and as bla
soldiers slipped a noose over the Southerner's head i
where he had hidden his silver and gold. He de
never tell," he said. They threw the rope over a 1
the air and tied him up to die. Unable to speak
masonic sign and the negro sergeant sprang for
rope. When the power of speech returned to thw half-choked man he
looked into the face of his deliverer, and still without recognizing Lim

masonically, asked, with incredible astonishment: "What in the

did vou know about that sign ?" The ex-slave answered : "You need
not hold masonic converse with me unless you so desire, but nothing
can prevent me from doing my duty to all Masons under the Sun."

[ Th(^i/ all affiliate, black, white, and yellow, and this iras one of the ^'^ char-
itable " (?) brethren that would murder an outsider' in cold blood for a little
money. ]

lem soldiers, among
as midnight. The
I demanded to know
ined to tell. "I'll
lb, jerked him into
he made a certain
ard and undid the

ETC

The ruACTioAL Woukinoh of Masonuy, etc. .IS I

n tan Ramo on
Huraxtu oocurrc'd

iiotliing l)ut tlio
IS I'liught, as no
3 rt'vongo of the
thin city that it
a is discovered

> beiuR informed
lie order for eloa-
ir Watson chjsed
were toni down,
sandalwood and
icret obligations,

hat this measure

id has the active
approval of not
merchants. The

of this organized

enace to good gov-

nion, the colored
liose of Caucasian
Ich recently held
•esentative. Out-
which professes
id be opposed to
this, however, ia
■r and ritual f'om
recognize them.
During the war
soldiers, among
, midnight. The
lemanded to know
■d to teli "I'll
jerked him into
|e made a certain
Id and undid the
[f-choked man he
. recognizing him

What in the

Ired : "You need
Isire, but nothing
tider the Sun."
\i(,tip.of the. ''char-
/ blood for it Utile

An Ai>wiEss IssiKi) VY the Execitive Committee of Faumeus' Congress.

"That all men and women are equally endowed by their creator with
t4io inalienable nght to the possession and enjoyment of whatever wealth
they ]>roduce. Tliat to secure, among others, this right inviolate to all
citizens, governments are rightfully established among men. That when
governments, laws or systems become destructive to these rights or fail to
secure them to the people it is their right and impiuative duty to tlieni-
selvis and their jiosterity to alti>r and abolish such government, repeal
such laws and destroy such systems. That the agriiMiltural massi t of tin-
United States have not for vears been and are not now secure in the
|iossession and enjovment of tlio vast wealth which by unfalteringindustiy
they have created. 'To prove these declarations let unimpeached statistical

facts bo submitted to your candid, considerate, unbiased judgment

We have brought forth facts which show that the agricultural

pf.]>ulati(m is rapidly and surely being reduced to abject serfdom. Facts
which show that if we wish to be free, and the owners of free Iw lues, there
is now an imperious necessity demanding the organization of iln agricul-
tural mas,ses, to defend for themselves, each other and tlu-t 'liilreu the
right to what they produce, the title to their homes, and the • i';uce enjoy-
ment of their firesides.

By order of the executive committee. "

Fkom a President's Message.

— Oregon.

"The equal and exact justice of which we boast as the underlying
principle of our institutions should not be confined to the relations of our
citizens to each other. The government itself is under bond to the Anieri-
ciin people that in the exercise of its functions and powers it will deal with
the body of our citizens in a manner scrupulously honest and fair, and
absolutely just. It has agreed that American citizenship shall bo the only
credential necessary to justify the claim of equality before the law, and
that no condition in life shall give rise to discrimination in the treatment
of the i)eople by this government.

The citizen of our republic, in its early days, rigidly insisted u]ion full
compliance with the letter of this bond, and saw stretching out before him

a clear field for individual endeavor Hundreds of private

pension laws are annually jiassed which are the sources of unjust discrimi-
nation and popular demoralization.

Appropriation bills for the support of the government are defaced by
items and provisions to meet private ends, and it is freely asserted by re-
sponsible and experienced parties that a bill api)roj)riating money for pub-
lic improvement would fail to meet with favor unless it contained more for
local and private advantage than for public benefit."

[Here follows an example in point: — ]

" Ca])tain John Mullan claims large sums as * commissions ' for collec-
tion of claims for Oregon at Washington. Those claims were paid by
authority of acts of Congress, directing the same to be done. How then
could Captain Mullan have ' rendered services ' in getting the money ?
Did he cause Congress to enact the laws and make the appropriations for
their payment ?"

[What else was he employed for ? A masonic lobbyist can be trusted
"on the square" by his secret oath-bound brethren in office to divide the
l>eople'8 money. Do outsiders get private laws passed, and big pensions?
Thei/ are an insolent, defiant, foreign, puga a government withut the reptihlic,
supported by the govei'nimtnt that they paralyze in any action against them. \

:ii:

682 The Puactical Workings of Masonry, etc.

, all

"Notwitlistiuidiug our Gov<;rumeut is founded upon the hroadeat
principles of equality; that tlio first of the self-evident truths enunciated in
that Declaration ui)ou which it rests aflirms, that ' all men are created free
and e(]ual,' there immediately sprang up a party under the new Govern-
ment which, if it did not precisely favor kinyly rtile, endeavored to build
up and perpetuate a privileged class, with quite as marked characteristics
as the dividing Imes of caste under governments of hereditary rule.

Should the humble Knight of Labor be censured because ho belongs
to a secret order which his friend of aiistocratic associations declares poli-
tii'al, when he, himself, (or rather liis confederated friends) cross contirm-
iilly from one haven of safety to another by the mystic bridge of a society
wliich in mi political ?"

Horrible Mormon Crime.

Salt Lake letter to St. Louis " Republican,"

" One crime which was committed here only a short time ago, 1 must
describe. Mrs. Maxvell came to Bait Lake City with hor husband in
18()'.). Two years afterward her husband took anotlu>r Avife, and one year
subsequent he was married to a third. Mrs. Maxwell had two sous, re-
spectively 14 and IG years. Their father urged them to go through the
Endowment House and become Mormons, bound by all the oaths of the
Church. Mrs. Maxwell objected, and in order to pr«!vail over her sons
she told them the secrets of the Endowment House. The penalty for re-
vealing these secrets is dismemberment of the body, cutting of the throat
and tearing out of the tongue. Mr. Maxwell overheard his wife, being in
an adjoining room, and forthwith he informed the elders, who sent for the
u7ifortiinate woman and her two sons. They were taken into what is
called the ' Dark pit, ' a blood-atoning room under Brigham Yoiing's
house. The woman was then stripped of all her clothing and then tied on
the back to a large table. Six members of the priesthood then performed
their damnable crime ; they tii-st cut off their victim's tongue, and then
cut her throat, after which her legs and arms were severed. The sons
Avero comjielled to stand by and witness the dreadful slaughter of their
mother. They Avt-ro released and given twenty-four hours to got out of
tho Ten-itory, which was then an impossibility. The sons went tlien to the
houso of a friend, to whom they related the butchery of their m(Hlicr, and
then getting a package of provisions started, but on the following morning
were both dead. They had met tho Danites. One othc^r case similar to
the al)ove occurred al)out five years ago in tho City Hall. These are
truths, and the lady to whom the sous told their story is willing to make
iilliiliivits to the facts if she can be guarauteed immunity from Mormon
vc.ifA'eance.

[That is ?Hf^s-o«rj/ .' — Mormon i/overnmeiil and masonri/ are one and the
same, j

"Hkei'ped. — John Keluappil, who for some months past has occupied
so prominent a place in the minds of so many of our ciiizens, and who
madoBUcli a vacancy in their i)ockets, has skijjped tho meshes of the law,
and left for jjarts nnknown, and his ruddy countenance no longer greets
us from behind tho bars at the jail. Jolin was too big a thief, the grapi)ling
irons of the law were not strong enough to hold him. His creditors had
furnished him with too much with which to fight them. He laughed at
their threats and defied them in every attemj)! to punish him or recover a
dollar of the stolen monej'. Having freed himself through the lo.soness of
the law from every ciiminal charge against him, save one involving only a
small amount, u])ou which he was held to bail in tlie sum of !ifl,0()0, he
siinply lay in jail awaiting his opportunity. On Saturday eveuiug, the

The Practical Wokkings of Masonry, etc.

583

steamer V/iklwood having heon chartered to come to this ])ort after him he
deposited the amount of his bail, stopjied aboard the sprightly eraft ami
turned his back vijjon the held of his conquest. Thub ends the story of
this wholesale robbery, bv which so many of onr citizens have been made
to suiler, and for which tlie law furnishes no remedy through the ordinary
channels of justice."

[It is masons in office that paralyzes the courts and does this prostitu-
tion every day for their bi-ethreu. // inis secret hrethmn Unit (pi tlm bant
and helped him away.\

11 -1
I,

»;

•'Thieves now work in gangs instead of competing with each other,
and, acting on the principle that union is strength, they take ])ossession of
districts and assert themselves with a confidence which completely cows
the victims upon whom they prey.

Masouiy otherwise known as the gang or ring jdan, has been in suc-
cessful oi)eration here for many years. It has been tried at Washington,
and has been tried in the cities of New York, Brooklyn and Philadelphia,
and in all the State capitals. Honest men should see to it that the co-
operative stealing of this kind is prevented, or, if committed, that the per-
petrators are duly punished."

* *

" Dnhlhi, Korcmhor 27, 7SS2.
In the Joyce trial [four or five men sentenced to hang] .... Judge
Barrv in i)as.Hing sentence infornuHi the ijrisoncis that they furnished a
terrilde example which he hoped would sink deeply into the hearts of
others of the consequences of joining a secret society. It was not improb-
able, ho said, that some of them had been teiTorizcd into joining the gang
who murdered the Joyces, and had not taken an ai'tual manual part in the
massacre ; but persons joining an unlawful enterprise were resjjunsible /or
the acts t/ all the parties thereto."

* *

"It seems that Chicago Courts take very ])lain and unexaggerated
views of the law. In his charge to the jury, in the Anarchists' tnal, the
pi'esiding Judge held that ' if violence for any unlawful object resulted in
death, those who on/nnizi'il the violence are guilty of murder. ' In other
words, those who employ dangerous methods are responsible for the result. "

\iri/ are one and the

Sipcrefimn. The IVIasons with their degre(^ of a|)j)rentice, fellow-craft,
and grand master, together with the whoh; l)r<)0(l ot' i.'iferior orders, form
the dry rot in our jjolitical body. They avo an encnny to botlK'hureh and
State, riiey are auti-Kepublican and anti-C^liristian. Tlu>ir ensnaring and
blasphemous oaths forever proscribe them. — New York Wittn'ss.

A pKOTKSr AOAINST MaSONIC PaUTIC'H'ATION.

"A piinted ])rotest of large proportions against i)ermitting ^Fasonic
societies to particii)ato in the dedication of tlu? Washington IVIonunient
next Saturday, has been receiv(>d by the Congi'essional committee chaigeJ
with arrangeuients. Tlie signers claim to have! k.5,()(M) signatui'es. Protest-
ants say that the Masonic order has no more right to such a distinction
than the Hibernians or any other secret order. A stone sent by tlu^ I'ope
for the monument was, they say, broken up and thrown into tlio Potomac.
"Why," they ask, "are Catholics snul)bed and Free Masons honored ?"
"Free Masonry," they eay, "is of foreign birth, is entirely uu-Ameritan

ry9,i The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

and un-repnblican. Its public displays are pompous and Ijarbaric; its
titlos extravau:iint and lordly; its constitution despotic; its oatli extra-
judicial, which Webster said should be suppressed by law." They pray
only that such ceremonies as are national in their scope and American iii
their character be iiermitted. The protest came too late for action by the
coumittee."

Ao.viNST Secret Societies.

"Newhurf? (N. Y.), June 7th, 1887.— The Synod of the Reformed Pres-
bvteriiin Church of Aunnica to-day adopted resolutions declariufj; secret
societies imnu)ral, selfish and unjust, degrading and enslaving to the con-
sciences of their members; that, in addition, many of them are Christless,
yet they counterfeit the worship of the church and obstruct her work and
for that I'eason, as well as for the secrecy, the members of such societies
ought not to be admitted to the church's membership, and the Synod en-
joins the courts of the church to refuse admission to members of all secret
orders and to exclude from membership any who may have crept in un-
awares. In the course of the debate ou these resolutions Free Masonry
was bitterly denounced."

Ori'osiTioN TO Masonky in South America.

"Lima, August 1st, 1885. — Tlie Bishop of Lima has sent an address to
Monsignor Favor, Minister of Justice, protesting against the proposed
Masonic Hall to be erected in Lima. The Minister has reidied in strong
terms, deiirecating the publicity given to the protest by the Bishop, but
assuring him that in virtue of the Constitution the Government has not
2)ermitted and never will permit the erection of a Masonic Temple in Lima. "

I'M .

U .

In the U. S. a.

"The exercises of laying the corner stone of the new State University
building on yesterday afternoon by the Masonic fraternity were well at-
tended, though there were not as many as were expected from abroad. "

[Is it not time that such deviltry and desecration was killed by the
American iieople ?]

Editor Cynosure: — 1. Is the man a consistent Christian who preaches
Christ in the pulpit, he being a member of the Masonic fraternity, reject-
ing Christ in their ritual and prayers ?

2. Is any man entitled to our contidence and respect as a true Christian,
whose life and character are controlled by Masonic oaths and iiublic
opinion ?

3. Are not those Avho place their hope of salvation ou a Christ-exclud-
ing religion as far wrong as heathen, and more guilty ?

i. Are not Masonic ministers stumbhng-blocks, in the way of all other
Masons, though they preach Christ in the pulpit, as they are paid to doV

5. Is it not indecent and partial to recpiire a Masonic candidate to
solemnly swear to be chaste toward the female relatives of brother Masons
only ?

(5, Can a Christian innocently neglect to inform himself and others in
regard to a Christ excluding religion in our midst V

7. Who strains at a gnat and swallows a camel, if not the Masonic
Ba])tist, who will not commune with a person who has not been put under
water V

8. Is not the man who will not inform himself in regard to an imi)or-
tant duty as guilty iu the sight of Qod as the man who knew his duty and
did it not V

'Uil

;tc.

The PiiACTicAi. Workings of Masonry, ktc. 585

".K^y

\ barbaric; its
ts oath extra-
' They pray
l1 Ainoricau in
r actiou by the

[Reformed Pres-
loclariuf^ secret
iug to the con-
are Christloss,
:t her work and
such societies
the Synod eu-
ers of all secret
e crept in nn-
3 Free Masonry

ut an address to
t the proposed
plied in strong
he Bishop, but
a-nment has not
jmple in Lima. "

5tate University
were well at-
om abroad."
killed by the

who ijreaches
aternity, reject-

trne Chi-istian,
lis and public

Christ-excliid-

ft-ay of all other

paid to do?

c candidate to

brother Masons

f and others in

)t the ISIasonic
been put under

[\ to an impor-
w his duty and

9. Can it ever be right to solemnly swear to keej) another's secrets in
all cases, except murder and treason?

10. Is wrong-doing any less sinful because so-called good men have
matle it poi)ular ?

11. Would any respectable man join a ^lason lodge, knowing the in-
side working of tl.o order, as all ought to know it ?

12. Is it not mainly because Masons arc ashamed of tlieir doings that
candidates are required to swear "to ever conceal and never I'eveal" the
secrets of tlic order ?

l;i. V, ould not the professing Christian, who dare not answer these
questiouF, do well to revise his religion ? J. M.

"Gentlemen: — You know you are a set of knaves. hyi)ocritically ai)iLig
innocence. We recognize what you are — that you flourish by cheating,
lying, and force. We cannot at i)rcsent help that. You are strong, united,
cunning; the people are weak, disunited, apathetic, ignorant. ]3ut wo
who profess, in some measure, to guide public opinion will not cease to
point out your tricks and roguishuess until Ave shall have left you not a
rag of character, and you will be glad to hide from the contempt, if not
the shoe-leather, of those whom you have beguiled so long!" l)ouo.

* *

"On Tuesday, Novemlier 16th, 1888, Dan Collins, a resident of Colfax,
evidently insane, while court was in session, suddenly walked to the wit-
ness bar and attempted to address the jury. Judge Langford stopped
him, when he claimed the right to address the jury, and said his life was
being threatened and his property was about to be taken away by Masons,
Odd Fellows and other conspirators. The court refen-ed him to the
grand jury, in session, and on going down stairs he was arrested on a
charge oi iusanitv, and taken before Judge Thompson, who so adjudged
him."

[Are such victims now languishing in secret prisons to have no re-
course? Rejiect that the courts are often in the control of these very con-
spinitor/t who thus judge and hold their victims.

On the other l.and take this:]

"TKiAii (!losed.^ — A Dallas letter of a recent date contains the follow-
ing: The close of the trial of C. . . for the killing of F. . . near Lone Ilock,
last June, has taken place, resulting in the accjuittal of C. . . The rulings
of the new judge was a surprise to many, and has caused much comnu'nt.
If a man is running for dear life from you, it is bett(>r and justitiable to
shoot for fear of his return, especially if he is on what is believed to be liis
own land and you want it. Are tliese conditions to go on and on, and the
public be compelled to submit to tlie woeful travestv of justice for all
time to come ? Has \-italized and aroused i)ublio opituou no inHuence in
changing an order of things that is heaping disgrace upon the country and
insecurity upon tlu! lives of the people? There are times when men, des-
paiiing of the justice of courts and seeing in them only the livi'iies of
crime, sweep aside these public farces and take the law into their own
hands."

" The people are earnestly searching for some means by which society
may be i)rotected and human life made secure. There certainly ought to
be conditions in which the law can l)c used as a means of public safety ;
in which homicides can bo punished and pilferers and swindlers be l)rouglit
to justice. But, humiliating as is tlie confession, these conditions do not
exist. Crime was never more insolent and menacing — Courts never so

|i:i'

586 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

weak and inefficient. Life is at the mercy of every assassin who chooses
to take it ; property the spoils of every dishonest wretch who cousijires to
seize it.

How long these condition-:, wiU be allowed to prevail we are unable to
say ; but there is a growing sentiment which will buist some day in all the
fury and desolation of a tempest, and i^ will sweei^ outlaws and their abet-
tors from the face of the earth. Not even Courts can continue forever to
shield criminals from punishment and mock with insolent indifference and
unblushing collusion Avith crime the indignant sense of an outraged com-
munity. Judges and juries, and Courts of last resort have trami)led upon
the rights and insulted the moral sense of the people long enough. It Ja
time to call a halt."

I '

"The people are banding together to make an example of a few of
such gentry. Right here let us say we believe the law of every State
should intiict cajntal punishment for stealing stock and robbing post-offices
and betraying other ti'usts in any amount of money over $5. The old
North Carolina law was a good one. The breed of thieves should be
stopped by strangulation. Such punishment of a few would deter others.
No man has a right to claim an existence among men when he is a practi-
cal thief. The country is getting to full of low, dirty scoundrels who de-
sire to live well off the product of the labor and business of others. The
law should be to hang every thief proven to be such. This world is too far
in the advance of civilization to allow men of such low morals to have an
existence among the rising generation. Tlieii' examples are too fraught
with evil to be suffered to live on the Earth."

^*l\l- •

"We have a country of unbounded resources, becoming richer and
richer every day ; and yet, the class that produces the wealth is becoming
l^oorer and poorer Avith the most alarming raindity, and they have them-
selves to blame for it. If they have not actually and actively aided the
oppression that environs them, they have encouraged it by their silence.

The land is s wanning with men who live by their Avits, and our laAV-
makers come largely from this class. T.'iey are not too honest to steal or
rob, but they do it in accordance Avith the prevailing ideas of our present
advanced civilization.

SomehoAV they nearly all, directly or indirectly, draAV from the public
treasury, and much of the money thus obtained is no better than robbery;
but iLci'' methods are legalized and the peojile are helpless so long as they
do not ;>iK ) matttn-s into their oavu hands. These parasites and grabbers
are all loyal to themselves."

" Where la AV by reason of its deficiency is inapplicable to a certain
class of individuals, and punishment cannot be meted out to a certain
class of wrong-doers, Avlien rascality runs rampant and villainy holds high
carnival — Avhen under the thinnest of legal subterfuges men go on and
heedlessly commit Avroug u^xju Avroug on almost defenseless man or set of
men — when men by their Avealth and position are enabled to single out a
man and taking advantage of his omission, Avould rob him Avith no laAv to
say stop — then Ave say it Avell becomes a community to make a law unto
themselves, and even though it be ' Avild justice ' it is better than no justice
at all, if it stays tlie CA-il and stops the curse. The Anglo-Saxon race is by
nature and troiuiug laAv-abiding. The American people are not false to

re.

The PiucTiCAL Wokkings of Masonuy, etc. u87

a. who cbooses
LO conspires to

» are unable to
i day in all tbe
and their abet-
Que forever to
iidifference and
outraged com-
trampled upon
enough. It Ja

iple of a few of
of every State
ling post-offices
r $5. The old
3ve3 should be
Id deter others.
1 he is a practi-
mdrels -who de-
jf others. The
■world is too far
)rals to have an
are too fraught

iiug richer and
1th is becoming
ley have them-
ely aided the
their silence.

and our law-
uest to steal or
of our present

from the public

>r than robbery;

so long as they

3S and grabbers

their ancestry or their ci\ilization, and ponder long ere they would take
unto themselves the issuance of decrees and the administration of ' wild
justice,' yet we say whenever a man becomes a confirmed criminal —
whether of polish and high bred or coarse and of low estate, it matters not,
and persists in violating the laws of a reasonable humanity, then we say
and say it with no compunction of conscience, organized society ought
to break his neck, swiftly and in an ami)Ie way.

There are enough worthy objects ui)on which to lavish sympathy or
to bestow benefactions. All around us are jjoor and Avorthy men and
women whose fortunes have been hard, whose livos have been mostly in
the shadow of ill-success. To such let chaiity exUnd a helping hand. It
may save some soul from crime. They are deserung of sympathy and
support. But to the vile and heartless, the conscienceless and cowardly,
the brutal and bloodthirsty [masonic] assassins, who so rarely are brought
to punishment, nothing but stern, inexorable justice is due or should be
extended. Sympathy with such ia an abnormal sentiment; it is weak,
maudUu, morbid and wicked."

The Wobkingman.

"In point of fact the workingman is chained to a treadmiU, and makes
his weary roiind, day in and day out, wearing the collar of servitude, while
he ploddingly but unintermittingly grinds out dollars for the masons.
Into the hopper are dumped life, liberty and the jjarsuit of happiness, and
out of it comes more millions for the men who do not need them — more
misery for the men who really make these milUons.

The poorest citizen should have as much interest in his condition,
and in the general condition of the ooixntry as the wealthiest man, and j'et
tens of thousands of our citizens look on quietly while they are being
taxed for the benefit of legal swindlers and while their native soil is being
plundered. Truly does it take a long time to civilize human beings."

* *

"Resolved, First, that we declare our oiiposition to the EepubUcan
party for its frauds and robbery of the people. It has created a milhon-
aire nobility and impoverished the populace. It has taken dominion from
the lords of blood and iiassed it to the lords of gold. It has given to the
transportation department of this country an empire of the jJulSlic domain
larger in extent than the whole of England, Ireland and Scotland, thus
robbing the people of their rightful inheritance. It has created an olig-
archy of a few thousand idle drones and furnished them with the menus
and appliances to absorb from and rob the toiling milhous of their annual
hard earnings."

[Is it the " Repubhcan party," or is it practical masonry ?]

Ae to a certain
ut to a certain
ainy holds high
men go on and
w man or set of
to smgle out a
. with no law to
ake a law unto
than no justice
jaxon race is by
are not false to

"A spirit of communism and carelessness ia engendered in his breast
when the farmer of the Willamette Valley comes to this city and loolis ou
the palaces and other evidoueos of wealth which surround him, ami re-
members that after twenty years of coasoloss toil and i)rivr<,tioa there is a
mortgage on his little farm that he cannot pay, and that the fruits of his
Ufo long industry have gone into the pockets of men who never reclaimed
one acre of land from the wilderness, nor added one dollar to the pro-
ductive industries of the State."

*
"As I write I have before my mind's eye a double picture on this
Christmas morning. Ou one side a beautiful Christmas tree standing iu

; ii-

588 The Pkactical Woukings of Masonry, etc.

the bay window of a stately mansion ; tbe tree is loaded down with beauti-
ful articles of luxury, which only the wealthy can possess. lu the room
at dawn of day are grouped the youthful members of the proud aristo-
crat's household, the youngest of which exclaims, 'Good Santa Claus.'
Could everybody be rich, and were luxuiy within the reach of all, or did
the riches come honestly to hand this woxild be all right and proi)er, but
on the other side is the hovel of the unfortunate poor. Here, too, are
little ones beautiful even in their rags. In a corner sits the disconsolate
mother, listening to their innocent prattle and shedding irrepressible tears
as a child exclaims, ' Why don't Santa Claus come ? " The fatlier having
been beaten out of the bulk of his property by a few [masonic] bilks.isnow
compelled to do menial sei-vice to keep the Avolf from the door. He has
not the heart to face his family now, but is laboring with all his might to
keep his family supplied with the bare necessaries of life, while the pro-
prietor of the mansion is saying complacently that providence has favored
him in the acquisition of his wealth. The religion which gives one man
millions and another nothing comes from hell ami not from heaven.

A. J. S."
*

"There is scarcely a hall for public gatherings in this city but what
•would prove the scene of death or damage in case of a tire occurring in
them when occupied by an audience, hut it mhjht be libelous to make any
mention of particular insUmces before the coroner sits njjon the deatl."

[That is, if the proprietor has secret influence at court I Such is the
libel law in the hands of the gang. J

* *

' ' The public sentiment in the Montague case with all decent citizens
is with the husband. There are too many smart, no account licentious men
in this city who think that the most creditable thing they can perform is to
b.eak up the peace of families. The only redress the injured men have is
to take the law into their own hands and there is no jury in the United
States which will convict them."

[This is how the ring press shouts out when the offender is an out-
sider ; otherwise they hold it to be " murder " to kill such people, and the
"good judiciary " either convicts " the injured man " or robs him of his

property, or both.]

* *

"This [Links] was then editor in and Postmaster of the place. The
people were complaining of him, and Governor Beall charged him with
whatever the derelictions were. Afterward, when he entered Link's office
he was shot twice by him and died from the wounds. A jury — a military
court-martial — which had no more jurisdiction of the case than the vestry
of a church in this city, acquitted [Links. ]

[Thus he was " acquitted " (?) as he also was about fifty times after-
warf' - tuer charges, which was practical masonry also.]

!• i-j ^"oll known that the people of this Territory have been almost,
and w ' II' Oi' i'hcm pntirely, dri.'en from tueir homes by the extortionate
charges of phyt-i^nuiis and surgeons.

New York und several of the other Eastern States have laws to protect
their citizens against such high-handed robbery as is practiced on this
coast. It may not be generally know n, but this one thing alone is a great
drawback to the settlement of this Teixitory.

ETC.

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc. 589

)wn with beauti-
is. In the room
le proud aristo-
hI Sauta Clans.'
;h of all, or ilid
and proper, but
Here, too, are
the disconsolate
rrepressible tears
he father having
)nicj bilk8,isnow
i door. He has
all his might to
), while the pro-
ence has favored
1 gives one man
im heaven.

A. J. S."

lis city bnt what
tire occurring in
luus to make (iny
the dead."
irtl Such is the

11 decent citizens
nt licentious nien
can perform is to
ured men have ia
y in the United

?uder is an out-
l)eople, and the
robs him of his

the

place. The
largecl him with
red Link's office
y— a military
than the vestry

hur

[fifty times after-

Uve been almost,
the extortionate

\e laws to protect
[practiced on this
alone is a great

Not long since I canio up with an emigrant train in camp. They, of
course, made a great many iiupiirios about the country aud its customs
generally, the prices of vaiious aitielp.s of home consumption and produce,
aud fiually an old gentleman asked what our doctors chai'ged i)er mile. I
informed them that they charged §1 i)er mile in the day aud double that
at night with a bill at the drug store of about §5 each trij). The e.\])re8-
sion of those people at this news, was exactly this : ' INIy God, how do
the people hve here ? ' "

[The quacks all belong to the gaug and can thus, through secr(>t
brethren at court, enforce i\\{}\v extortion and nial-practice ou their victims.
Even the testimony of ofJ/i'rs of tin; ont/.-houiid yiunf is taken (*.s evideihe in
the ring-ridden courts against the iujured citizen !]

■X- *

"Sheppard testified in his own behalf, saying:

When I was twelve years of age I was employed in a counterfeiting

establishment which was owned aud operated, among others, by Cliarles

H. Leonard, recently mayor of Galveston, Tex., and at preseut one of the

most prominent citizens of that city. Interested with him in tl'.is business

were the mayor of New Orleans, city officials, chief of i)olice, judges, aud

limbs of the law. Then the judge of the criminal court for the parish of

Orleans wa:< a partner in the establishment, also a prominent lawy(>r who

now occupies a judgeshiii in Baltimore. These people were engaged in

counterfeiting Mexican coin. United States bills aud money of every

description. The Mexican money Avas manufactured down stairs, and the

United States notes, etc., were turned out uivstairs. My position was that

of messenger for the establishment and as such I delivered the counterfeit

mouey to the banks of the city and high city officials. Thousands and

thousands of dollars of this money was manufactured aud circulated here

and elsewhere throughout this cuuutry aud Mexico. Many of the jjei'sons

engaged in couuterfeitiug them have left behiud them sous and daughters

who move in the highest society. For this reason I do not propose to

make known the names of the persous for whom I first wcn-ked in the

counterfeiting business. All my life it has been my misfortune to sutler

for aud to bear the burdeus of other persons' misdeeds. My whole lite

has been one of continued sacrifice.' She2)pard is now sixty-two years of

age." [What a 'good judiciary.']

* *

[Such a "good judiciary."]

Says a local paper to-day: "An Oregon man who shot a lawyer a few
years ago was convicted and sentenced to prison. This mi.stake has Jiist
been corrected by the goveruoi', who gives him full pardon. The mystciy
surrouudiug his conviction has not yet been explained."

[The brother was shot for i)ractii'al ]Masoury! That's what.]

*
"Another Shooting. — About five o'clock on Tuesday evening of last
week, [Linksl, ot Asotin county, shot aud killed one Elmer Stimpson. As
we learn, Stimpson took Meyer'w wife some time since aud rauoti' with her,
and last W(>ek the two returned, aud, in i)assiug the field in which Meyei-s
was at work, waved their handkerchiefs at him. He returned tlio "salute,"
not kuowiug who they were, but wlieu told, went and i>iocured a Win-
chester rifle and shot Stunpsim, tiie bull passii'g through his right breast,
and ho died on Wednesday night. Meyers then fired at his Avife, but
missed his aim. The murderer gave himself up to the Sheritl" and was held
to appear before Justice Ausmau on IMouday m the sum of ?rl,500.

590 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

She slayer was a secret brother and was " acquitted " (?) according-
is own, sworn brethren were on the jiirj' !]

ly-

hi \l'

"The Ring. — Garfield connty has been ran by a handful of Ring
Domot-rats and Ring Republicans long enough. The hard working
farmers are tired of Ring Rule. It is too expensive, too exacting and too
unjust. Now is the time to shake off the Ring shackles. The old settlers
of tlio connty say thev want a change, and are going to vote a change.
Will the farnaers, and their wives and their daughters, vote to peri)ettiate
a [masonic] ring ?"

[If^ame one of the gang, if you can, that is neither a mason or oM fellow? \

According to Tlie New-Orleans States, the official democratic jiapor in
that city, B. B. Jones, recently apiJointed consul at Callao, is a fugitive
from justice. Ho was, it says, indicted in Louisiana for tho a. sassiuation
of General Liddell in 1870, and escaping from a band of lynchers fled
from the couuti-y. He now turns up as the Preeident's choice for con-
sul at Callao, and The States demands that Governor McEnery make a
requisition for his body. — New York Tribmie.

[Secret influence, my boy. An office instead of 32,500 reward.]

The "By-gone" Record.

A newcomer wants to know what the " infamous record " of [Links]
is. It is easily recited. First, while school teacher, he seduced one of his
pupils. Tills offense against good morals had been condoned by his mar-
riage to her, the birth of two or three children following. Second, after
his marriage he became enamored of another woman with whom he left
the States, leaving his wife and several of his children so destitute that the
former finally brought up in the poor house. Third, at the time of his
flight he took some $4,000 which did not belong to him. Fourth, to

evade the officers of the law he assumed an alias, his true name being

These facts Links acknowledged to be true, but pleaded the •' baby act "
and said they were "early indiscretions."

Up to the time of coming to , Links had committed four crimes

punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary. While living here under
iin assumed name he again married without fli'st obtaining a divorce from
the first wife. With this wife he lived for many years and became the
father of her children before legally man-ying her. These facta form an
outline of a career whose details cannot be told without outrage to decency.
All of these crimes Links confesses, but wishes the people to look over
as by-gones. And yet in the face of this damning record, and in the
face of more recent moral and political misdemeanors shameful to man-
hood, there are people who flock to his support, attracted by the thin
molasses of a polite address, or the hope of a share in official spoils.
The man is not wanted by the people and their representatives will not
elect him to the high place which he asks."

[But as he was a high Freemason he was therefore elected (?) and is
now lording it in the United States Senate. Then why should criminals
in prison reform ? Why not rather join the gang and run for office ? As
this case is but an example !]

The Practical Workings op Masonry, etc. 501

I " (V) according-

on or odd-fellow? \

[I hero pivG Jinother mere oxaini)Ie of proctical inasonrv ! that is going
on wiiilo iunocont uicii aro boiiif? conviotfd ami hold to latif^nish !]

Voorlu'cs, of In 'i;ina, and Blackburn, of Koutucky, d«'t'ondod [Links]
earnest ajjpeals to tlio doctrino of " hi<:;hor law. " Blai-kburn, in closiufj; a
speech that was really remarkable for euerp;y and eloipience, said : " There
is but one tribunal on earth where eases like this of Thompson's cau bo
adjusted. It is a tribunal in ■which conscience sits on the IxMich. Its
judgments aro traced in blood. It has the sanction of the law of human-
ity wherever civiHzatiou prevails. It is God's law, and you cannot re-
verae it."

[lint irJiif is it that thi.t "7iif/Ji<'r Idir" is nerer h'ard of o.vrcpt in hi'hulfof
members of secret odth-hound oiHlc.rs? It cofLD easily iik ri'T into a com-
mon STATE TiAW illtd MADE AVAU.Am.E TO ALIj MEN ALrKE, illld not rei/lliriuff

$1,000 or $2,000 middlemen and oilier (/rent expense, to ([\\i, it up and sliow
it to the court and jury or ^'/se /« f//(? .' Damn such courts; theji ought to
be killed ! It cost tlie Indian notliing to administer this "higher law,"
Nor did it the white man on the plains !]

On " Hioheu Law" in Kentucky.
Louisville Courier-Journal.

The shot-gun is mightier than the courts. It is a imiversal lovelei*. It
simplifies and cheapens the law, and brings it to the door of the poorest
when need is, and long may its policy prevail, mute sentinel by the
fii-eside, guarding the honor of onr women, protecting our cradles and
our children ; a menace to wives that are weak, and a i)erijetual terror
to libertines and liljertinism.

[What consolation is such talk to victims looted and languishing in
secret robbing prisons, because they even dared to defend tlieir lires nnd
homes (o/dinst rohbiny, murderinr/ libertines, <ind in the reri/ art J The
court gang says to the citizen: "Your money or your life!" and it
often gets away with both. ]

he "baby act"

;d by the thin

"The Glenn Mubdeu Trial.

The Glenn murder ti-ial was resumed. R. i\I. Cochran, superintendent
of the Glenn ranch, was the first witness called. He testified to having
pursued MiUer, and shot him in the leg before he would surrender after
the shooting of Glenn. After being shot, Miller fell on his back, and
Avhen ordered by the witness, he threw his gun to one side. When witness
approached Miller, the latter asked for prott'ction and help as a brother
Mason. Witness declined to testify to convei-sations between Miller and
himself, as it woidd be in violation of the rules of Masonry. He did not
know that Millc~ "./as a Mason until after he had shot him."

[And thus is the supreme allegiance to a foreign seci-et government
over our government (jrnnted by ring-ridden courts. Hmi' can an outsider
get justice in such courts against one of the gang when they are thuw
allowed to " erer conceal and nerer rere<d" each other's seci-ets ? And
mark that this is in a case of murder. Is one of these foreign, pagan sub-
jects fit to be a sherifi', judge or any other official ?]

"Physicians allow that the lancet in a cruel instrument, but tell us
' that its timely application often saves life. ' Law and its administration
in Oregon show but few marks of the i>rinciples declared as being those of

If'*'

"!,■■ ]■

i<:t 1

«!■ I

,.^':

692 The Practical "Workings of Masonry, etc.

the American union. From the justices* courts to the supreme court,

Avhoro can a poor man g(it justice ? They afiford no

excuHo to con-ui)t and unjust judges who bear the double brand of shame,

as perjurera and traitoi-s to thfir country

For in them is vested the authority to decide the issues which confirm or
destroy rights to property, hbcnty and life. Hence corrupt [Masonic]
rings exercise their utmost efforts to keep control of the courts. The courts
of law should be the bulwark of the people's liberties. Are our State
courts such? Our State supreme court was in its inception a fraud. No
State or i)eopIe has ever gained anything by covtiring its mistakes but ig-
nominious exjjosure and disaster. Many have gained by fi>arlessly facing

and exposing them After careful examination of the

subject, hisopinion was uttered in one short sentence: 'What a fcupreme
court ! ' We have occasionally to deploi-e such acts as those of i)eople
who break into prisons ond take out criminals and hang or shoot them
without the trial the law allows. If they would now and then take a judge
and hang him by his neck till he was dead, it would be mattex* for small
regret. The former class are mostly ilhterates any way ; the latter are sup-
posed to 1)0 men of education and honor; but when judges tamper with
the people's rights, they ought to SAving. They are sworn to protect them.
Crimes of the poor and ignorant should be treated with lenience. Those
of the rich and educated should never be overlooked nor condoned. If I
correctly understand the meaning of that gi'eat Avord, 'Liberty,' such
would be the means to secure it. When a dozen men, or twenty dozen
men, undertake to run a State or government even to its courts of so-called
justice, it is time for that State to rise up in righteous indignation and
make an end of them all. Where there is one administration of law for
the rich and another for the poor, where a rich man is allowed to steal his
thousands and a poor one imprisoned for stealing a loaf to feed his family,
there is no real liberty. Liberty means not only i)rotection for the rich,
but also absolute freedom and justice for the poor; and if the courts of
law are made vehicles of oppression and inequity, it would be far more
just to hang a few educated judges than many others whose errors are
traceable to poverty or ignorance. J. Fked. Clakk."

"DirvEN INTO Poverty and Prison, Disgrace and Insane Asylum.

About a year ago George Conroy sued the Northern Pacific Railroad
Company for injuries received by falling into the cessijool the company
had dug on their right of way just east of Mr. Herouxs barn. Last winter
the comimny took a change of venue to Olympia, where the case came up
in June last for trial and Conroy was nonsuited. Upon the termination of
tlie suit the company made a complaint against Conroy for perjury, and
had him bound over to the December term of the court to await the action
of the Grand Jury. Conroy lay in jail all summer, and in consequence of
his confinement, and suffering from his rupture and ill-health, his mind
became aflected, and last Saturday he was sent to the Insane Asylum at
Steilacoom.

There is very little use of any one attemjiting to get satisfaction out
of a railroad comijauy. Poor people jiarticularly ought to know that they
have no show to right their wrongs through the courts. Railroads dehght
in the reputation they have 'that it is no use to law the railroad,' no
matter how just the cause may be against them. They will hire men to
commit perjury or anything to gain their ends, and when now and then a
poor devil does try to get liis rights, the company A\-ill hire a host of wit-
nesses, and in the end send the man to jail until he becomes insane. This
is the way the raikoads have of terrifying the peoijle.

ETC.

supreme court,
. .Tliey afiford uo
brauu of shame,

'hich confirm or

rrupt [Masonic]

lurts. The courts

. Are our fcJtale

on a fraud. No

mistakes but ig-

feariessly facing

[amiuation of the

»Vhat a Bupreme

those of people

ng or shoot them

hen take a judge

matter for small

lie latter are sup-

gea tamper with

to protect them.

lenience. Those

condoned. If I

'Liberty,' siich

or twenty dozen

ourts of so-called

indignation and

ration of law for

lowed to steal his

3 feed his familv,

ion for the rich,

if the courts of

ould be far more

whose errors are

BKD. Cl.U{K."

NSANE Asylum.

Pacific Railroad
ol the company
irn. Last winter
le case came up
le termination of
[or perjury, and
await the action
consequence of
liealth, his mind
Isane Asylum at

satisfaction out
1 know that they
lailroads delight
lie railroad,' no
(iU hire men to
low and then a
a host of Wit-
ts insane. This

The Practical Workinqs of Masonhy, etc.

593

Conroy ought to have known he was not able to cope with the North-
em Pacific Railroad. If Lewis C!ouuty could not do anything with the
company, how could a single indindnal hope to do so ? "

Secret societies have been Ihehane nf nil countries and the cnime of the
downfall of all Repuhlics. America, wliose greatest boast is, it believes all
men are created free and equal, has no use for secret societies. Many men
are artfully drawn into secret societies, but few self-respecting, patriotic
Americans continue their connection after they learn the aims and practices
of tlie oath-bound orders. In our view the danger to the liberties of the
people which many see in the concentration of great wealth in the hands
of few men and corporations, are homceopathic compared with the danger
to the free institutions of America hidden in the oath-bound societies
which are contrived, set in motion and kept going bv designing dema-
gogues, whose chief aim in life is to live well without labor.

" [Fbee-Masons] Holding Millions of Dollars Worth of Property
AND Allowing Laboiunq Men to Pay all the Taxes.

"Some time ago we called attention to the fact that upon the
shoulders of the middle classes rested the burden of taxation, and we
cited several cases in substantiation of the assertion. To-day we have
a few more cases which we desire to call attention to, and if they do
not show up a little system of ' mysterious ' proceedings on the part of
some of our Avealthiest citizens, then we are at a loss to determine what
would be called ' mysterious. ' . . . .

[It wiU be found that nearly, if not all, of these dehnquents who
escape taxation owe supreme allegiance to a foreign yoverumcnt. And they
generally manage to have an assessor elected who is a fellow-oath-bound
•ubject of the same masonic gang. A fool can see the result all around

HIU.l

•■ * * •

*'It is dishonest and demoralizing to the public for such notorious
disregard of truth and law to continue from year to year, and that, too,

with a semi-official encouragement extended to it The man who

has little save a small homestead, worth $1,000 or 81,500, i)ays on $750
or $1,000, while the man or comi)any worth $50,000 or $100,000, pays
for not more than $10,000 or $15,000. It is high time an organized
effort was made to break up this dishonesty. The citizens should select
competent, honest and fearless men for assessors, and then give them
the encouragement and moral support they would need in destroying
the [masonic] wall behind which the class of tax payers are entrenched
who avail themselves of fraud and perjury to escape their just share of
the public burdens. The aggregate valuations would double, and per-
haps quadruple, and this would render necessary a less rate of taxation.
The city and county rate could safely bcj lessened one-half. Honest
men would not have to pay as much as now, and their less scrupulous
[linked] neighbors would be compelled to do what they now dishonestly

avoid."

* *

" There is annually 50,000 atn-es of land unassessed in Polk countv,
or one-sixth of the entire town and farming area of this county is yearly
untaxed. By an honest assessment, therefore, the percentage of taxation

51)4 The Pua( tical Woiikin(ih of Mahonhy, et(;.

J a

could 1)0 reduced two niiilH on the dollar. It luvs tivken tlio county Htir-
voyor, together with his assistiint, nix mouths to coniituto theso li^^nrcs. "

[And so it is every where wheu the secret gang gets u foUow-aubjeot iu

OH assessor, ll is pnidicul inoHonri/ .']

"A certain disreputable feUow In masonic lawyer-honored 'member
of the bar '| wlio was a member of the last legislature, and who was tlien
under an indictment for iierjnry, iu order to shield liimself suct'oeded
in working through a law iu such a shape that uo person who swears
falsely is guilty of perjury."

[Not (piito so ; all the laws are so fixed that they don't operate against

members of the gang, Ind thi'ir shupe in ijood enoui/h /o irork (Ujniiist oiil-

sidurs, and wheu tin r ' is no code law to appl\ then, the higher law of

" public policy " is dug up and used agamst him. So the code laws are

really but a couveuient blind and humbug to swindle the 2>eople. ]

* »

*■

TiMDEK Thie\'t;s.

The California Redwood company, an English company with Scotch
directors, has stolen <)4,(MM) acres of the most valuable timber land iu the
world, estimateil by experts to be worth not less than 1$22,0(K),0()0. Four
hundred men were found who would enter 1(50 acres each aiul then deed
the land to this Kedwood company. Some of the.so men were town pau-
pers, some of them paralytics, some of them sailors not yet naturalized.
These straw " homesteaders " marched from a rumhole in Eureka, Cal., to
the United States land ollice and tlien to a notary public to transfer their
land. For this service they received $50 each and this Redwood company
with its foreign capital, English president and Scotch directors got aii
alleged title to 64,000 acres of valuable land heavily timbered. To " prove
up " hi.s claim recpiired perjury, and ijerjury was forthcoming. Of course,
the homestead act was not intended to be used for such gross perversion
of land that belongs to the bond fide .settler, and these facts illustrate what
frightful robberies of 2)ublic lauds are 2)erpetrated in defiance of the tim-
ber laud act.

In counection with these enormous public land robberies it is worth
while to notice that the last official act of Lamar, as Secretary of the In-
terior, was to remove from office, as the price of his snppovt A tlio re-
publican senators who voted for his conformation, Cai^taiu John W. Le-
liarui's, an ex-Union soldier, an old-time anti-slavery friend .\? vlovernor
Andrew and Wendell Phillips. Leliarnes was a law clerk or tue g(Mieral
laud office, who for years has stood in the way of land grabbers, railway
corjjorations, attorneys for cattle comjiauies, pine land combinations, etc. "

[Those who don't know are here informed that it is only a seci'ct oath-
bound gang of masons, etc. , that overrides and defies our government, and
works these land swindles through with impunity, a part of whom must hf
(yfficiaUi in the land office and the courts. A citizen, therefore, who, with
these indisiratable facts and swindles staring him in the face, who would
aiJi)oint or vote for one of these oath-l)ound subjects of the gang for office
is either a fool or a thief and a traitor to his country ! Let all pewons
who believe that their duty to their secret government and pagan " mys-
teries " is higher than their duty to their country, be declai-ed be in-

TC.

connty sur-
llow-8ul)j»H!t iu

oroil ' mcinbor
who was tlii'U
soil' snei'«M'(l«(l
)U who swc'iira

operate at^ainst

rrk tiijdiiist oiit-

bi}j;her hiw of

code laws are

(ooplo. ]

,ny with Scotch
her huul iu the
,0(H),(M)U. Four

atul then «leetl
were town pan-
ret naturalizeil.
Enreka, Cal., to
o transfer their

wood comi)any
irectors got an

il. To "prove
ing. Of course,

■OSS perversion

illustrate what
ace of the tim-

The PiurncAL Workinos of Masonry, etc.

595

•ies it is worth
tary cf the lu-
ipovt A til'.; re-
IX John VV. Le-
d A (iovernor
ot tiie general
abbers, railway
binations, etc."'
y a secret oath-
overnment, anil
whom must he
'ore, who, with
ice, who would
gang for office
let all pei'dons
pagan " niya-
ilai-ed bo m-

flujihle to act asjuri>rs or to hold (tni/ officit of trust uikUt thfi ijenentl ijortmi-
meiit if il is to hf suitreiiv!

Is it not sjvfer and better to trust to an instinctive love for our fellow
creatures, which cannot be perverted to their annoyance, than to secret-
oath-bound Hubjeidion to a despotic gang which have too frocpiently pro-
duced the seeds of hatred, iutolerauco and high-handed persecution ? ]

*
"An Alleoeu Miiudeueii Discharged."

.... "Justice [MasonJ discharged from custody to-day [Links] charged
with the murtler of [Blank]. In rendering his decision the justice said
that the defense had clearly proved by the testimony of ' two experts '
[brethren] that defendant was not in his right mind at the time of com-
mitting the act" [Links had shot Blank down in open court and shot
him in the back in cold blood ! and was never before or since sent to any
insane asylum. And was not insane though his victim may have been. Now
all should know that an outsidisr can never get discharged from a charge
of such a murder by only getting two "experts" (?) to testify that he
" was net in his right mind at the time of committing the act."

Now look here! Would men, even victims, be "in their right
minds " in the kiUiug of ring prostituted courts ? This defendant whose
farce of a trial and discharge is hut a sample case of so viany had not
been wronged much in comi)arisou to hundreds of men who besides are
now languishing in secret ijrisous, and who have greater cause and better
right to kill a dozen men each, than he had to kill one ! In truth he
hardly knows what a wrong is ! or Avhat it is to suffer cruel, relentless,
persistent, flaming injury ! Are you readi/ all ! to see to it that these out-
raged, tortured, bleeding victims have the benefit, if they like, of the

" higher law " or of " experts" (?) as well as do members of the gang ?]

* *

" The ring iu this town is comjiosed of [masonic] Democrats as well
as [masonic] ItepubUcans. They have a common cause — the spoils of all
they can get."

[They pack both conventions with their secret oath-bound brethren
so they can say to the people, " heads we win and tails you loose." The

AustraUan election system should be adopted.]

* *

Proceedings of County Commissioners' Court.

" Matter of remitting taxes on Odd Fellows' Temjile. Ordered that
said taxes be cancelled."

[It is to their supreme and secret government that they pay their
taxes. Such "commissioners " are traitors !]

* *
*

HoiD the gang " hatig men for betraying a trust or stealing a sum exceed-
ing $5," as they hoirl should bo done {meaning to outsiders) :

"The Washingtonian, in a very soothing tone remarks about as fol-
lows : At the regular session of the commissioners last week, Brother

596 The Practical Workixgs of Masonry, etc.

Links, the Treasurer, was found to be short in his accounts $12,300. Mr.
Links has humbly resigned, and concludes by saying, "It is a bad state
of aflairs, but we withhold comments until further facts are developed."
Why attempt to smooth over so dastardly a theft ? A man in whom
the people have confided, to maliciously and intentionally rob them of
their trust, is a thousand times worse than the poor, half-starved sneak-
thief who prowls about nights, seeking what he can find to appease hunger
or cloth nudity."

"More op the Gang's Work."

"As will be seen by the telegrai^hic dispatches, it has been discovered
that Links, Treasurer of Garfield county, and a number of the [masonic]
ling of i>olitical tricksters, is short in his accounts at least $12,000. Of
■course, you can't turn a wheel without water — neither can you run machine
politics without soap. Links furnished the soap, in the meantime blasting
his character and ruining his bondsmen. The money was ' loaned ' to the
Lsame connipt guug who recently tried to work the primaries. Garfield
county has long been noted for this corrupt [masonic | gang, and it is to
be Loped that this expose will settle this crowd of thieves."

" The Pomeroy lH(h:pe,Hle)it, with tears in his eyes, says : ' Links has
been a brother to us, but we cannot excuse him in the great wrong he has
<loue his friends in this transaction. This paper insists that the law take
its course as it would in the case of a delinquent tax-jjayer. " This is a call
to all grand larceny defaulting thieves to go to Pomeroy for brotherly Y>ro-
tection, because there they are only classed as deUucpient tax-jiayers."

[And the court said tbat he (being a mason) was " innocent of ani/

fCi'ime." Good judiciary !]

':l

" How did ho discharge the office of a Judge ? Let those who suf-
fered by his injustice answer It is notorious that during the time of

their tyro nny the [people] neither enjoyed the jn-otection of their laws.,
nor of the natural and unalienable rights of men. No inhabitant of the
ruined country has been able to keep possession of anything but what has
either escaped the rapaciousness, or been neglected by the satiety of those
universal plunderers. Their nod has decided all causes and their decisions
have broken all law, all precedent, all right. The sums they have by
arbitrary taxes and unheard-of impositions extorted from the industrious
poor, are not to be computed. The most faithful citizens have been
treated as criminals. [American] citizens have, like slaves, been put to
death with tortures. The most atrocious criminals, for money [or secret
iurtuence], have been exempted from their deserved punishments, and
men of the most unexceptional characters condemned and imprisoned un-
heard The infamy of their lewdness has been such as decency forlnds

to describe. Nor will I, by mentioning particulars, \nit those unfortunate
jjcrsons to fresh pain, who have not been able to save their wives and
daughters from their impurities. And these, their ah-ocious crimes, have
been committed in so public a manner, that there is no one who has heard
theii' name, but could reckon up their actions.

Now [gentlemen of the masonic gang] I ask what you have to advance
jigainst this charge ? Will you pretend to deny it ? Will you pretend

Y, ETC.

unt8 812,300. Mr.
"It is a bad state
its are developed."
A man in whom
mally rob them of
lialf-starved sneak-
1 to appease hunger

las been discovered
iv of the [masonic]
least $12,000. Of
an you run machine
B meantime blasting
-ivas ' loaned ' to the
jrimaries. Garfield
I gang, and it is to
ves."

1, says : 'Links has
great wrong he has
ts that the law take
iiyer." This is a call
y for brotherly pro-
"ent tax-payers. "
is "innocent of any

Let those who suf-
duriug the time of
tion of their laws . .
inhabitant of the
ythiug but what has
the satiety of those
!s and their decisions
sums they have by
Irom the industrious
citizens have been
slaves, been put to
)r money [or secret
punishments, and
and imprisoned un-
as decency forbids
t those unfortunate
ive their wives and
•ocious crimes, have
one who has heard

Ivouhave to advance
Will you pretend

The Practical "Workings of Masonry, etc. 597

that anything false, that even anything aggravated, is alleged against
you ? Had any jiriuce or any State committed the same outrages against
the i^rivileges of [American] citizens, should we not tli'nk wehad sufficient
ground for declaring war against thera ? What punishment ought then to
be inflicted upon a tyrannical and wicked [gang] who dared in the [shadow
of the American flag] to put to an infamous torture and death that unfor-
tunate and innocent 'citizen. .. .only for having asserted his privilege of
citizenship, and declared his intention of appeaUng to the justice of his
country against a cruel oppressor, who had unjustly confined him in prison
from whence he had made his escape ? The unhappy man . . is brought
before the wicked [gang]. With eyes darting fury and countenances dis-
torted Avith cruelty, they order the helpless victim of their rage to be
8tripi)ed and rods to be brought ; accusing him, but without the least
shadow of evidence, or even of suspicion of having [committ<{d any crime] .
It was in vain that the unhappy man cried out, ' I am an [American]
citizen, and will attest my innocence. ' The blood-thirsty [gang] , deaf to
all he could urge in his own defence, ordered the infamous punishment to
be inflicted. Thus, [fellow-citizens], was an innocent American citizen
pubhcly mangled .... whilst the only words he uttered amidst his cruel
sufferings were, ' I am an [American] citizen ' ' With these he hoped to
defend himself from violence and infamy. Put of so little service was
this privilege to him, that while he was thus asserting his citizenshiii, the
order was given for his destruction.

Oh, liberty ! Oh, sound once delightful to every [American] ear ! Oh,
sacred i5ri\'ilege of [American] citizenship ! once sacred, now trampled
upon ! But what then ? Is it come to this ? Shall an inferior magistrate^
a governor, who holds his whole power of the [American] iJeo2)le in [an
American State] bind, surge, torture with red hot plates of iron, and at the
last put to an infamous death, an American citizen ? Shall neither the
cries of innocence expiring in agony, nor the tc:i s of pitying spectators,
nor the majesty of the [American Union] nor the 'ear of the justice of his
country, restrain the licentious and wanton cruelty of a monster, v ho, in
confldence of his riches [aud secret power] strikes at the root of liberty,
and sets mankind at defiance ?

I conclude with expressing my hopes that your uasdom and justice?
[my fellow-men] will not, h\ suft'eiiug the atrocious and nnexampled inso-
lence of [the masonic gang] to escape the due puuishnicut, leave room to
apprehend the danger of a total subversion of authority aud introduction

of general anarchy aud

usion.

CiCEBO.

"Dit. [Links] Aiuuved."
"Dr. [Links] returned last ^loiulay from the East. Ho wus delegate
to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, I. O. O. F., which met at Baltimore, Mary-
land. He has had an interview with Presideut Cleveland, and hus th \fc
the chief magistrate of the nation is a good and true man. Tli.' \\ay it-
cami' aliout was this : Mr. Links applied for admittance to liis Excel-

rr^

598 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

lency's presence. There were about ono hundred persons in ■waitii^ on
the President, all anxious to get the first interview. Our townsman pre-
sented his card, and the doorkeeper being an odd-fellow, admitted him
forthwith, leaving many eminent men of ' hig) degree ' to bide their time.
President Cleveland is an odd-fellow of high standing and talked with
Mr. Links at length on different matters."

[Is it not humiliating, indeed ! that even at the White Hoiise
and the different departments of the government at Washington, fv^l-
ftedged American citizens must stand aside and tvait till the secret
obligations and interests of a secret Mormon government and its sub-
jects thus held supreme are first attended to ?]

* *

" I would give up my life, and that alone for God's sake :
for to what purpose is it to live among a people insensible of
their calamities, and where there is no notion remaining of any
remedy for the miseries that are upon them ? for when you are
seized upon, you bear it, when beaten you are silent, and when
the people are murdered, nobody dares so much as send out a
groan openly. Oh, bitter tyranny that we are under ! But why
do I complain of the tyrants ? Was it not you, and your suffer-
ance of them, that have nourished them ? Was it not you that
overlooked those that first got together, for they were then but
a few, and by your silence made them grow to be many, and by
conniving at them when they took po 'er in effect armed them
against yourselves ? You ought to have then prevented their
first attempts, when they fell to reproaching your relations, but
by neglecting that care in time you have encouraged these
wretches to plunder men. When houses were pillaged, nobody
said a word, which was the occasion why they carried off the
owners of those houses, and when \\\&y were drawn through
the midst of the city nobody came to their assistance. They
then proceeded to put those whom you have betrayed into their
hands into bonds. I do not say how many and of what char-
acters those men were whom they thus served, but certainly
they were accused by none ] but themselves j and condemned
by none [but themselves] and since nobotly succored them
when they were in bonds, the consequence was that you
saw the same persons slain. . . We have seen this also, so
that still the best of the herd of brute animals, as it were,
have been still led to be sacrificed, when yet nobody said one

ETC.

The Puagtical Workings of Masonry, etc.

599

as in waitk^ on
■ townsman pre-
w, admitted him
I bide their time,
and talked with

e White House
Washington, fvJl-
it till the secret
ent and its sub-

r God's sake :
e insensible of
maining of any
• when you are
lent, and when
as send out a
iider ! But why
nd your suffer-
lit not you that
were then but
5 many, and by
jt armed them
reveuted their
r rehitious, but
ouraged these
laged, nobody
arried off the
rawn through
stance. They
lyed into their
)f what char-
but certainly
lid condemned
uccored them
ras that you
this also, so
|ls, as it were,
ody said one

word, or moved his right hand for their preservation. Will you
bear, therefore, will you bear to see jour sanctuary [of eqiial
Jtistice] trampled on ? and will you lay steps for these profane
wretches, upon which they may mount to higher degrees of
insrlence ? Will you not pluck them down from their exulta-
tion V Oh, wretched creatures ! Will not you rise up and turn
upon those that strike you ? which you may observe in wild
beasts themselves, that they will avenge themselves on those
that strike them. Will you not call to mind, every one of
you, the calamities you yourselves have suffered ? nor lay be-
fore your ejf'H what afflictions you yourselves have undergone ?
andwMiK' 'uich things sharpen your souls to revenge? Is,
therefor , t (; . most honorable and most natural of our passions
utterly lo°t, I mean, the desire of liberty ? Truly we are in
love with slavery and in love with those that lord it over us, as
if we had received that principle of subjection from our ances-
tors ; yet did they undergo many and great wars for the sake
of liberty ! .... But perhaps many of you are affrighteued at
their multitude and at their audaciousness, as well as at the
advantage they have over us in their being higher in place than
Ave are ; for these circumstances, as they have been occasioned
by your negligence, so will they become still greater by being
still longer neglected, for their multitude is every day aug-
mented hi/ cverg vile ii'ait'f! joinimj those that are like to themselves
and their audaciousiu'is J. therefore inflamed because they meet
with no obstruction.-' f o tiieir designs . . . . Init be assured of this
that if we get up .-M(1 nj;flit tbem they will be made tamer. . . .
perhaps also Hod Um.- If. i' i>o hiuu been affronted by them,
will make what tiiey tui'')V at us return against themselvfs,
and these im})ious wretches will be killed by their own darts,
let us but make our appearance before them [with but our
votes] and they will come to nothing. However, it is a right
thing, if there should be any danger in the attempt, to die be-
fore these holy ga'es, r.nd to si)eiid our very lives, if not for the
sake of our chiLi ' • and wives, yet for God's sake and for the
sake of his sanecv r • of liberty ! I will assist you both with
my counsel and wi;.! uiv liaud, nor shall any sagacity of ours
be wanting for your support, nor shall you see that I will be
spaiing with my body neither."

600 The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc.

The Stoky of Morgan.

Thurlow Weed's account of the famous murder.

A statement dictated two months before Lis death.
The following letter, dictated by the late Thurlow Weed but a short
time before his death, contains his sworn statement of his knowledge con-
cerning the abduction and alleged murder of William Morgan, and forms
a most interesting chapter in relation to the sensational events which in
their time caused so great a social and poUtical convulsion:

NswYoBK, Sept. 9th, 1882.

Dear Sib: — I have delayed the answji' to your letter inviting me to
attend the unveiling of the monument t( '.xy/iin William Morgan in the
hope that I should be able to be present t i ocasion.

Impaired vision, added to other infirm prevents my going far

from home. The occasion is one that recalls an event of startling interest,
arousing deep popular feeling, first at Batavia, Le Koy, Canandaigua and
Rochester, then pervading our own and other States, After reading the
proceedings of a meeting at Batavia, with the Hon. David E. Evans as
presiding officer, I wrote a six line paragraph for the Kochester Telegraph,
in which I stated that a citizen of Batavia had been spirited away from his
home and family and that, after a mysterious absence of several days, a
village meeting had been held and a committee of citizens appointed to in-
vestigate the matter; adding that, as it was known that Freemasons were
concerned in this abduction, it behooved the fraternity, whose good name
was sufiering, to take the laboring oar in restoring the lost man to his
liberty. That paragraph brought dozens of our most influential citizens,
greatly excited, to the office, stopijiug the paper and ordering the discon-
tinuance of their advertisements. I inquired of my partner, Robert Martin,
what I had done to exasperate so many of our friends. He brought me a
book and directed my attention to an obligation invoking strict penalties
as a punishment for disclosing the secrets of Masons, inquiring what I
thought of a man who, after taking such an obligation, violated it ? I re-
plied that I did not know any punishment too severe for such a perjurer.
The discontinuance of the paper embraced so large a number of its patrons
1 saw that my brief and, as I supposed, very harmless paragraph would
ruin the establishment. Unwilling that my i)artner should 8ufi"or, I
promptly withdrew; leaving the establishment in the hands of Mr, Martin.
The paper was doing well, and until that paragraph appeared my business
future was all I could desire.

At that time an editor was wanted at Utica, where I had formerly
worked, and where I had many friends, but my ofter to go there was de.
clined. I was equally unfortunate in my application for editorial employ-
ment at Troy. The objection in Vioth cases was that I had been too busy
in getting up an excitement about Morgan.

Meantime the mystery dee])oned, and public meetings were held in
several villages, Rochester included. In the meeting at Rochester it was

f, ETC.

murder.

death.

Weed but a short
lis knowledge con-
[organ, and forms
al events which in
on:

3pt. 9th, 1882.
ter inviting me to
ixn Morgan in the
n.

jnts my going far
t startling interest,
Gauandaigua and
After reading the
•avid E. Evans as
(Chester Telegrajih,
ited away from his
of several days, a
ns appointed to in-
Freemasons were
whose good name
e lost man to his
tiiluential citizens,
eriug the discon-
', Robert Martin,
|He brought me a
; strict jienalties
inquiring what I
olated it ? I re-
such a perjurer,
ber of its patrons
laragraph would
should suffer, I
lIs of Mr. Martin,
red my business

I had formerly
50 there was de.
pditorial employ-
id been too busy

Igs were held in
liochester it was

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc, 601

assumed that all good citizens would unite in an effort to vindicate the
law. A committee was appointed consisting of seven, three of whom were
Masons. It was soon discovered that the three Masons went from the
committee to the lodge-rooms. It was subsequently ascertained that two
of these gentlemen were concerned in the abduction, and that Morgan had
been committed to the jail in Canandaigua on a false charge of larceny,
and that he had been carried from thence secretly by night to Fort Niagara.
The committee encountered an obstacle in obtaining indictments in five of
the six counties where indictments were needed. The sheriffs who sum-
moned the grand juries were Freemasons. In four counties no intlict-
ments could be obtained. In Ontaiio, however, the district attorney,
Bowen Whiting, and the sheriff, Joseph Garliughouse, though Masons, re-
garded their obligation to the laws of the State paramount. Sheriff Gar-
linghouse and District Attorney W^hiting discharged their duties indepen-
dently and honestly. As the investigation proceeded the evideuce in-
creased that Morgan had been unlawfully confined in the Canandaigua
jail and secretly conveyed to Fort Niagara, where he Avas confined in the
magazine. There was every reason to believe tLat he was taken from the
magazine and drowned in Lake Ontario. This, howovei", was boldly and
persistently denied — denials accompanied by solemn assurances that Mor-
gan had been seen alive in several places, divided the public sentiment.
At town meetings, several months after Morgan's disappearance, the
question was taken into politics. A large number of zealous anti-Masons
determined to make it a political issue. Solomon Southwick was nominated
at Le Roy for governor. Our committee firmly resisted all such efforts,
urging all who were connected with us in an effort to vindicate the law to
vote for the candidates of the party with which they had been previously
connected. We endeavored to induce the whig State convention to nomi-
nate Francis Granger, but, failing in that, we gave our support to Judge
Smith Thompson. Afterwards, at a village election in Rochester, Dr. F.
F. Backus, who had been treasurer by an unanimous vote of the electors
from the time the village charter had been obtained, w's again the candi-
date of both parties. No whisper of opposition was heard before the elec-
tion, or at the polls, but when the votes were canvassed a majority appear-
ed in favor of Dr. John B. Elwood. Dr Backus was an active and in-
fluential member of the Morgan investigating committee. That astounding
result produced an instantaneous change.

Political anti-Masonry from that moment and for that reason became
an element in our elections. It was alleged and extensively believtul that
the " Morgan committee," to gratify i)orsonal aspirations, went voluntarily
into politics. Those allegations were as untrutliful as they were unjust.
It was not until wc ascertained that the fraternity, by a secret movement,
was strong enough to defeat the candidate of both political jjarties, that
we consented to join issue with them politically.

In the autumn of 1827, the discovery of the body of an unknown man
on the shore of Lake Ontario, near the mouth of Oak Orchard Creek, gave

I :%)-

If' I

602 The Practical Wobkinqs op Masonry, etc.

a new and absorbing aspect to the question. The description of that body
as published by the coroner who held an inquest over it, induced the be-
lief that it was the body of William Morgan. Our committee decided to
hold another inquest Impressed with the importance and responsibility
of the qtiestion I gave public notice of our intention, and personally invit-
ed several citizens who had known Morgan to be prea<)nti. One of onr
committee went to Batavia to secure the attendance of Mrs. Morgan and
as many otheES irfao knew him to attend. The body had been interred
where it was found. The rude coffin was opened in the presence of
between forty and fifty persons. When it was reached and before remov-
ing the lid, I received from Mrs. Morgan, and others who knew him well,
descriptions of his person. Mrs. Morgan described the color of his hair,
a scar upon his foot, and that his teeth were double all round. Dr. Strong
confirmed Mrs. Morgan's statement about double teeth, one of which he
had extracted, while another was broken, indicating the position of the
extracted and broken teeth. When tho coffin was ojjened the body dis-
closed the peculiarities described by Mrs. Morgan and Dr. Strong.

This second inquest and the exat 'inationr^ of the body proceeded in
open day and in the presence of Masons and unti-Masons, not one of whom
dissented from the coroner's jury, by which the body was unanimously
declared to be that of William Morgan. Mrs. Morgan, in her testimony,
failed to recognize the clothes. The body was taken to Batavia, where it
was re-interred, no one as yet expressing any doubt of its identity.

Subsequently, however, we Avere surprised by a statement that the
body supposed to be that of Morgan was alleged to be the body of Timothy
Monroe, who had been drowned in the Niagara river several weeks before
holding the first inquest. This awakened general and intense feehng.
1 ■ ce was given that a third inquest would be held at Batavia, where the
widow and son of Timothy Monroe apjjeared as witnesses. Mrs. Monroe
swore to a body essentially dift'erent from that found at Oak Orchard creek.
Her husband, she said, had black hair that had been recently cut and
stood erect. Her testimony made her husband from three to four inches
taller than that of the body in question. She testified that her husband
had double teeth all round and described an extracted tooth from the
wrong jaw and knew nothing at all of the broken tooth. The hair uijon
the head of the drowned man was long, silky and of a chestnut color,
while that of Monroe, according to the testimony erf Mrs. Monroe and her
son, was sliort, black and close cut. While Mrs. Monroe failed in des-
cribing the body, her description of the clothing was minutely accurate.
The heel of his stocking was described as having been darned with yam
different in color. Her cross-examination was very rigid and her answers
throughout were found to be correct. The clothing thus described had
been in possession of the coroner, who testified that it had been seen either
by Mrs. Monroe or any stranger from whom she could have obtained in-
formation. On the other hand, Mrs. Morgan's description of the body,

ETC.

The Puactical Workings of Masonry, etc.

603

tion of that body
induced the be-
ittee decided to
id responsibility
personally invit-
cjnL One of onr
Irs. Morgan and
id been interred
the presence of
ad before remov-
j knew him well,
color of his hair,
lund. Dr. Strong
one of which he
> position of the
ed the body dis-
r. Strong.

>dy proceeded in
not one of whom
vaa unanimously
n her testimony,
Batavia, where it
identity.

itement that the

body of Timothy

ral weeks before

intense feehng.

itavia, where the

Mrs. Monroe

Orchard creek.

cently cut and

Be to four inches

at her husband

tooth from the

The hair \ipon

chestnut color,

VIonroe and her

failed in des-

nutely accurate.

med -with yam

,nd her answers

described had

been seen either

ve obtained m-

n of the body.

before she had seen it, was quite as satisfactory as Mrs. Monroe's descrip-
tion of the clothes.

Our committee took no part in the thii'd inquest, and the body, as is
known, was declared to be that of Timothy Monroe. Simultaneously an
accident occurred showing the vindictive spirit of our opponents. On the
evening of the day that the body inteiTed at Batavia was declared by a
third inquest to be that of Timothy Mom-oe, I went into the billiard room
of the Eagle hotel to see a friend from Clarkson. When leaving the room,
Ebeuezer Griffin, Esq., a prominent lawyer employed as counsel for
Masons, said, "Well, Weed, what will you do for a Morgan now ?" To
which I replied, "That is a good enough Morgan for us till you bring
back the one you carried otl. " On the following morning the Daily Ad-
vertisei; a Masonic organ, contaiued a paragi'aph charging me with ha\'ing
boastingly said that the body in question "was a good enough Morgan
until after the election." That pei'version went the roiiuds of the Masonic
and democratic press, awakening much popular indignation and subjecting
me to denunciations in speeches and resolutions at ijolitical meetings and
conventions. Explanations were disregarded; the maxim that " Falsehood
will travel miles while truth is drawing on its boots " was then verified. I
suffered obloquy and reproach from that wicked pc version for nearly half
a century. Indeed, there is reason to believe that even now, where I am
personally iinknown, generations are growing up belie^-ing that I mutilated
a dead body for political effect, and, when exposed, boasted that it was a
good enoiigh Morgan until after the election. Forty years afterwards the
editor of the paper who originated that calumny, by a series of pecuniary
reverses, was compelled to apply to me for assistance. I avenged the
great wrong he had done nie by obtaining for him a situation in the custom
house.

This served to extend and intensify the "excitement." It was every-
where charged and widely believed that I had mutilated the body in
question for the pur2)o.se ot making it resemble that of Captain William
Morgan. I encountered prejudices thus created both in Paris and London
20 years af tenvards.

Onr investigations wei'c embarrassed and protracted by the abseuc
and concealment of important witnesses. One of these witnes.ses was a.i
invalid soldier who had the care of Morgan while confined in the magazine
at Fort Niagara, but he disappeared, and all efforts to liiul him were uu-
avai'iiug for more than a year. I finally traced him (Elisha Adams) to
Brookfield, a mountain town in Vermont. We reached the log house of
Adams' brother-in-law, with wliom he was hiding, between 12 and 1 o'clock
at night. Our rap was responded to by the owner, to whom, on opening
the door the sheriff introduced me, directly after which, and before any-
thing more had been said, Me heard a voice from the second floor of the cabin
saying, " I am ready and have been expecting you all winter. " Immediately
afterwards the old man came down tli(> ladder, and in 10 minutes we de-
parted on our return.

^^ '.:'.

ikl

in ,'

604 The Practical Workings op Masonry, etc.

While waiting for breakfast at tlie foot of the mountain several men
dropped into the bar-room where we were sitting. When called to break-
fast, the landlady, carefully closing the door, remarked that her husband
had sent around for Masons, some of whom had already appeared, but
that we need not fear them for she had sent her daughter to inform other
villagers what was going ou, and that before we had done breakfast there
would be twice as many anti-Masons in attendance. Beturning to the
bar-room we four. :.l that she had done her work thoroughly. Fifteen or
twenty men were in the bar-room glaring at each other and at Adams ; but
nothing was said and we were di-iven off unmolested. On our way back,
Adam, at different times, stated that hearing a noise in the magazine he
rejiorted it to Mr. Edward Giddins, keeper of the fort, who told him that
a stranger was lodged there who in a day or two would be taken to his
friends in Canada, but nothing must be said about it. He then from time
to time canied food to the person. Soon afterwards, near midnight, he
was told to have a boat in readiness for the purpose of taking away the
man in the magazine. Several gentlemen arrived in a carriage, by whom
the man was taken from the magazine and escorted to the boat. Adams
was told to remain ou the dock until the boat should return, and that if in
the meantime an alarm should be given he was to show a signal to warn
the boat away. As nothing of the kind occurred the boat returned quietly,
and of the six who left in the boat only five returned, he supposed that
one had gone to his friends in Canada.

Adams was wanted as a witness in trials then i^ending in Canadaigua,
We reached that place iu the afternoon of the day the court convened.
Three men were on trial for abducting Morgan. The testimony of Adams
was essential to complete the link. On being called to the stand he denied
all knowledge bearing upon the question. He resided, he said, at the time
specified, in the fort, but knew of no man being confined in the magazine;
and knew nothing of men coming there at night in a carriage, and knew
nothing of a man being taken from there in a boat. His denials covering
the whole ground were explicit. That, for the time being, ended the
matter. When the court adjourned I walked across the square Avith Judge
Howell, who presided, and who remarked to me that I had made a long
JDurney for nothing, my witness, Adams, being ignorant of the whole
affair. General Vincent Mathews, of Rochester, who was walking on the
other side of the judge, replied Avith much feeling, "that the old rascal
had not uttered a word of truth while he was on the stand."

General Mathews was the leading counsel for the kidnappers, but re-
fused to be a party in tampering with witnesses. On our return to Rochester
the witness Adams was iu an extra stage with his Masonic friends. As
there was no longer any need of hiding he was on his way to Niagara. In
passing the Mansion House, Rochester, Adams, who was standing in the
doorway, asked me to stop, saying he wanted to explain his testimony.
The lawyers, he said, informed him that if he told what he knew about
the magazine and the boat, it would be a confession that v.'ould send him.

ETC.

The Practical Workings of Masonry, etc. 005

ataiu several men
a called to break-
that her husband
ily appeared, but
r to inform other
le breakfast there
Returning to the
jhly. Fifteen or
ad at Adams ; but
'n our way back,
the magazine he
i^ho told him that
I be taken to his
[e then from time
ear midnight, he
taking away the
.rriage, by whom
he boat. Adams
irn, and that if in
r a signal to warn
returned quietly,
le supposed that

g in Canadaigua.

court convened.

imony of Adams

stand he denied

said, at the time

in the magazine;

riage, and knew

denials covering

eing, ended the

uare Avith Judge

iid made a long

it of the whole

walking on the

it the old rascal

lappers, but re-
im to Rochester
lie friends. As
to Niagara. In
standing in the
his testimony,
he knew about
vould send him

to state's prison. They also told him that the law did not compel a wit-
ness to criminate himself ; and, to avoid punishment, he must deny the
whole story.

In 1831 , after my removal from Rochester to Albany, a libel suit was
commenced against me by General Gould, of Rochester. It was tried at
Albany, Judge James Yanderpoel presiding. The lilx'l charged General
Gould with giving money he received from the Royal Arch Grand Chapter
to enable Burrage Smith and John Whitney to escajje from justice. Gerrit
L. Dox, treasurer of the Grand Chapter, and John Whitney, one of the
recipients of the money, were in court to establish the truth of the libel.
Mr. Dox testified that a " charity fund " had been entrusted to General
Gould. John Whitney was called to prove that he received jiart of the
fund, with which, in company with Burrage Smith, he left Rochester, and
was absent nearly a year. General Gould's counsel objected to witness'
testimony until it had been shown that General Gould knew that the
money furnished was to enable Smith and Whitney to escape from justice.
The court sustained this objection, and Whitney's testimony was excluded.
As it was impossible to jjrove what was only known to General Gould
himself, the trial ended abi-uptly. Judge Vanderi)oel, in charging the
jury, dwelt at length upon the licentiousness of the press, and called upon
the jury to give exemplary damages to the injured and innocent plaiutifif.
The jury, thus instructed, but with evident reluctance, f md a verdict of
$400 dollars against me. My offense cc sisted in asserting a fact, the
exact truth of which would have been established if the testimony had not
been ruled out by a monstrous perversion of jiistice.

Colonel Simeon B. Jewett, of Clarkson ; Major Samuel Barton, of
Lewiston, and John Whitney, of Rochester, passed that evening at my
house. Jewett was jirepared to testify that he furnished a caniage for
those who were conveying Morgan secretly from Canadaigua to Niagara.
John Whitney was one of the party. Major Barton would have testified
that he furnished the carriage which conveyed the party from Lewiston to
Fort Niagara. John Whitney being one of the party. Whitney would
have sworn that Gould supplied money to enable him to "escajje froiu
justice. " In the course of the evening, the Morgan affair being the princi-
pal topic of conversation. Colonel Jewett turned to Whitney with emphasis
and said, "John, what if you make a clean breast of it?" Wliituey
looked inquiringly at Barton, who added, "Go ahead."

Whitney then related in detail the history of Morgan's abduction and
fate. The idea of suppressing Morgan's intended exi)osure of the secrets
of Masonry was first suggested by a man by the name of Johns. It was
discussed in lodges at Batavia, Le Roy and Rochester. Johns suggested
that Morgan should be separated from Miller and placed on a farm in Canada
West. For this purpose he was taken to Niagara and placed in the maga-
zine of the fort until arrangements for settling him iu Canada were com-

i i:m

606

ThK PlUCTICAL WoilKINo's OF MaSONKY, ETC.

pleted, bnt the Canadian Masons disappointed tliem. After several meet-
ings of the lodge in Canada, oi)po.site Fort Niagara, a rofusal to have
anything to do with Morgan left his " kidnapjjers " greatly perplexed.
Opportunately a Koyal Arch Chapter was installed at Lewiston. The
occasion bronght a large number of enthusiastic Masons together. "After
labor," in Masonic language, they "retired to refreshment." Under the
exhiloration of champagne and other viands the Chaplain (the Rev. F.
H. Cummings, of Rochester) was called on for a toast. He responded
with peculiar emphasis and in the language of thoir ritual : " The enemies
of our order — may they find a grave six feet deep, six feet long, and six
feet due east and west." Immediately after that toast, which was received
with great enthusiasm, Colonel William King, an officer of our war of
1812, and then a member of assembly from Niagara county, called Whit-
ney of Rochester, Howard of Buffalo, Chubbuck of Lewiston, and Garside
of Canada, out of the room and into a carriage furnished by Major Barton.
They were driven to Fort Niagara, rejiaired to the magazine and informed
Morgan that the arrangements for sending him to Canada were completed
and that hia family would soon follow him. Morgan received the inform-
ation cheerfully and walked with sujiposed friends to the boat, which was
rowed to the mouth of the river, where a rope was wound around his
body, to each end of which was attached a sinker. Morgan was then
thrown overboard. He grasped the gunwale of the boat convulsively.
Garside, in forcing Morgan to relinquish his hold, was severely bitten.

Whitney, in concluding his narrative, said he was now relieved froji
a heavy load ; that for four years he had not heard the window rustle or
any other noise at night without thinking the sheriff was after lim.
Colonel Jewett, looking fixedly at Whitney, said : "Weed can hang you
now." " But he won't," was Whitney's prompt reply. Of course, asecret
thus confided to me was inviolably kept, and twenty years after, while
attending a national republican convention at Chicago, John Whitney,
■who then resided there, called to say he wanted me to write out what
he once told me about Morgan's fate, to be signed by him in the pres-
ence of Avitneases, to be sealed up and published after his death. I
l)romised to do so before leaving Chicago. There was no leisure, how-
ever, during the sitting of the convention ; and even before its final
adjournment, forgetting wuat I had told Whitney, I hurried to Iowa,
returning by way of Springfield to visit Mr. Lincoln. In the excitement
of the canvass which followed, and the secession of the Southern States
upon Mr. Lincoln's election, I neglected the important duty of securing
the confession Whitney was so anxious to make. In 1861 1 went to Europe
and while in London wrote a letter to Whitney asking him to get Alex.
B. Williams, then b. resident of Chicago, to do what I had so unpar-
donably neglected. That letter reached Chicago one week after Whit-
ney's death, closing the last and only chance for the revelation of that im-
portant event.

80NIJY, ETC.

sm. After several ineet-
gara, a refusal to have
?rs " greatly perplexed,
lied at Lewiston. The
[asons together. "After
'reshment." Under the

Chaplain (the Rev. F.
a toast. He responded
ir ritual: "The enemies
p, six feet long, and six
oast, which was received
n officer of our war of
ira county, called ^yhit-
f Lewiston, and Garside
lished by Major Barton,
magazine and informed
Canada were completed
an received the inform-
1 to the boat, which was
was wound around his
ker. Morgan was then

the boat convulsively,
was severely bitten.

was now relieved froai
rd the window rustle or

sheriff was after I'im.

"Weed can hang you
jply. Of course, a secret
enty years after, while
/hicago, John Whitney,
1 me to write out what
ned by him in the pres-
sed after his death. I
ire was no leisure, how-
i even before its final
ey, I hurried to Iowa,
3oln. In the excitement

of the Southern States
•ortant duty of securing
n 1861 1 went to Europe
isking him to get Alex,
what I had so unpar-
one week after Whit-
he revelation of that im-

The Practical Workings op Masonry, etc.

607

I now look back through an interval of fifty-six years, with a conscious
sense of having boon govornod through the " anti-nmsouic oxdioniont" l,v
a smcere desire, first, to vindicate the violated laws of n,y countrv and
next, to arrest the groat power and dangerous influoiu-cs of "Vocrot
societies." We labored under serions .lisu.lvantagos. Tlie people were
unwilhng to believe that an institution so nnoieut, to wliich many of our
best and most distinguished men belonged, was capable of not oulv vio-
lating the laws, but of sustaining and protecting olTonaing men of the
order. A vast majority of the American people bolio^ od that Morgan was
concealed by our committee for political effoct. While we wore bciuff
fiercely denounced as incendiary spirits, Judge Euos T. Troop, in charev
ing the grand jury at Canadaigua, spoke (,f anti-masoury as a "blessed
sprnt vluch he hoped "would not rest until every man implicated in
the abduction of Morgan was tried, convicted and punished. "

City and County }
of New York, f *''''•

Thuriow Weed, being duly sworn, says tliat the foregoing statements
are true. ,,,

Ihurlow AVeed.

Subscribed and sworn to before me tliis 28th day of September, 1882.

Spenxek C. Doty,

Notary Public.

[THE END.]

"^"''

BEADEBS WHO APPRECIATE THIS BOOK ABE BEQUESTSD TO WHITE TO THE AUTHOR.

3n '"^

IJHJr.e'**^

mi*^''

Vt.i..Lll

Wm"\

■iV

Ka f^~\

w i \

Iili"i

'Sm ^

:i^. „

■^^M

feg

• WHITE TO THE AfTHOR.