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 91 
 
 Queen's Bench, Aylmer. 
 
 Mr. Justice Wdrtele's 
 
 hargBtothe Iraridiurij, 
 
 Friday^ V^ih December^ 1886. 
 
 
 1- 
 
 Gentlemen op the Grand Jury • 
 
 Courts tf criminal jurisdiction are institute 1 for the 
 purpose of bringing wrongdoers to funishment j iind the 
 certainty that justice is firmly administered has the effect 
 of deterring others by the drtad of punishment from com- 
 mitting crimes, and is a guarantee to the community of 
 trar.quility and of security for person and property. But 
 while wrongdaera ^ra'ist be J)»'onght to punishment, every 
 care has to b6' tttlife*' tbVt iniioceot per5=ons S'tiduld aot h^. 
 
 iishtW fccused and submitted to the odmm of a trial and 
 
 "^ •'••.-.■* ^ ^ ' - * •• • ^ '. ' •■ 
 
 the expense Vf a defence. ' While/thert fort, the law cf the 
 
 latd makes' provision ' for the'trigl'and punishment of 
 
 offendrrs, it at the same time affords eveiy protection to 
 
 the innocent when falsely accused. 
 
 No man can be put upcn his trial for a crime laid to 
 
 his charge until twelve good, true and loyal men of the 
 
 country, acting as Grand JufOj^, have rrpresented to the 
 
court that thero is good ground of accusation against him, 
 and no one can be puiished for a crime of which he is 
 accused until he has been found guilty by the unanimous 
 verdict of a Petit Jury, composed of twelve of his fellows. 
 The Grand Jury h an appsndage of the court and it 
 assists in the administration of criminal justice by present- 
 ing offenders for trial ; it is the accusing body, but at the 
 same time it Ftands as a barrier against the injustice of uq - 
 founded prosecut'ons. 
 
 To bring a wrongdoer to trial a written accusation of 
 the crime or offence laid to his charge is drawn up; it 
 must set forth with certainty the facts and circumstancef* 
 essential to constitute the crime or offence, and it must di- 
 rectly chargo him with having committed such crime or 
 offence. This v^ritien accusation is called a bill of indict- 
 ment. To avoid a failure of justice the crir 5 or offence 
 is sometimes charged or described in different ways; and 
 each separate charge is called a count. Two or more 
 persons may be joined in one indictment, when they have 
 all taken part in the commission of a crime or offence. 
 
 The principal duty of the Grand Jury is to rcciive the 
 indictments which are laid before them, and to enquire 
 upon their oaths, and ascertain by the evidence submit- 
 ted to them, whether there is suflficient cause to call upon 
 the accused to stand their trial. A Grand Jury may find 
 thai there is 6u£Bci(nt cauF^e as to the charge in one count 
 of an indiotment -and muy icncjre Ith^lttip^^nother, or as 
 to one aer4n(iat>trand»net«s to ^pcjlist; •,: 
 
 Tl\,q papel,of ^ G/gnd «Xury jj xsomposwd ,o£ twenty-four 
 jurors*,butriBe-G^(t fPuiY," ^i^h3Bli:ftr€;aia^od, must not 
 consist or more than twenty-three, so that the twelve re- 
 quired to indict may be a majority. 
 
 In deciding upon an indictment you must be persuaded 
 of its truth by the evidence submitted, and you ^hould 
 not rest satisfied with remote probabilities. If you think 
 an accu5ation is groundless you will report that it is not a 
 
 
— 3 — 
 
 tr ,e bill ; acd if you are t-ati^fied of the truth of an aceu 
 sation you will repor<: that it k a true bill, either in whole 
 or as to certain count* or pcrsoLs. lu the first case your 
 foreman will endorse on the hack of the indictmenf th^ 
 words *'No Bill," and in the other cafe he will endor.^e 
 upon it the words ** A True Bill." The finding in each 
 case must be signed by him, and he fehould write after his 
 signature the designation of '' Foreman." 
 
 All indictments upon which you come to a determination, 
 and which are so endorsed and signed, must be brought 
 by you into the court and handed by your foreman to 
 the Clerk of the Crown. 
 
 In making your inquiry you must act without fear, fa- 
 vour or afft'ction, and the oath you have just taken will 
 remind you that your decision must not be influenced by 
 hatred or malice. 
 
 You are bound by your oath to keep the secrets of the 
 jury room. You will readily understand that it would be 
 most improper and impolitic to disclose the opinions ex- 
 pressed by the various members of the Grand Jury and 
 what particular perjions concurred in or opposed the finding 
 of an indictment. 
 
 In proceeding with your investigations you have a right 
 at all seasonable times to apply to the court, to the sub- 
 stitutes of the law (flScers of the Crown or to the officers 
 of the court for advice ; but such advice will be restricted 
 to matters of law; for neither the court nor these officers 
 can or should say to you that the facts as shown by the 
 evidence are sufficient to authorize you to find a bill. 
 That is left to your conscience and to your judgment, 
 bearing, however, always in mind that the accused are not 
 on trial before you, and that what you have to seek is 
 merely whether there appears at first sight to be sufficient 
 ground to put the accused upon their trial. 
 
 The counsel for the prosecution of the accused will lay 
 the indictments before you ; and they and the officers of 
 
— 4 — 
 
 the court will produce the wiineeses and conduct their 
 examiiintioD. Th(y alcnc have the riijjht to be admitted 
 to your sittin<j;s; but they must DCtb^ proFcnt during your 
 deliberaticns or when the v( te is taken upon any matter 
 before you. 
 
 BesMes the duty of passing; on the indictments wliicli 
 are preferred before you, and which I liave called your 
 principal duty, you have several other functions. You 
 have th^ rij^ht to originate indictments for crimes and 
 rffences whicli may come to your knowledge from your 
 own observations or from testimony given before you. 
 
 It is your duty to inspect the common gaol of the di;-- 
 trict for the purpose of examining its security, sanitary 
 eocdition and discipline, and to enquire into the case of 
 any pcrsor; you may find imprii-oned therein and not un- 
 dergoing a sentence who has not been indicted. 
 
 Should it become known to you that any public officer 
 has been guilty of inisconducf in office, you may ly your 
 presentment call the attention of the proper authorities 
 thereto. 
 
 Should you be of opinion that any law for the general 
 welfare of the community is not properly carried out, you 
 may, by drawing public atte. tion to the fact, obtain proper 
 enforcement of the la\»\ 
 
 Should it be to your knowledge that any public highway 
 or bridge is in a condition which renders it dangerous for 
 the public, or that, without being absolutely dangerous, it 
 is in an unfit condition for travel, you ought to report the 
 matter, so that due action may be taken in the public 
 interest to cause such public highway or bridge to be put 
 without delay in a proper state of repair. 
 
 And lastly, all matters appertaining to the proper ad- 
 ministration of justice in this district are subjects of enquiry 
 by you and of comment or suggestions in your presentment. 
 
 In districts in which the jiopulation is composed in part 
 of persons speaking the English language and in part of 
 
— ;) — 
 
 I 
 
 others .-ptakiEii the Fr« ncli hiDi;uMji,o, the law ^t^^J^cctil ir 
 jurors and juries provides lo>" the ionuation of the j)anels 
 of the grand and ptlty jufiis with an equal number <f 
 pertons tipeakiii<r each laijj;ua<»e. It is only ri«^ht that the 
 h{>lf at Iea!-t of the jury >houlG t-peak the lan^^uage of the 
 accused ; and I think that the time has uoiuc when tjiis 
 privilege should be secured to tlie iuLubitants of tliis dl^trict. 
 Today the Grand Jury \b wholly eoii)pO!?( d of jurors 
 speaking the English language ; at the next term it may l)e 
 altogether formed of person h speak inij:, the French lan- 
 guage. I know that no injustiee will arise from this state of 
 things, and that whatever may bo tlie language of a jury 
 it^illect faithfully and honei^tly ; but I also feel tliat this 
 (■tate of things may produce a feeling of disquiet, if not of 
 mistrust, which it would be well to obviate. The provi- 
 sion 1 have mentioned would remove the possibility of this 
 I'eolicg. Th's provision msy bo extended to any district 
 by an order of the Lieutenant-GoverDor-in-Council, upon 
 the \ re>entment of the Grand Jury of the district declaring 
 that thrre is expediency for tlie extension where such pre- 
 sentment has been appro ed of by tho judge who presided 
 over the term. I therefore draw your attention to this 
 matter and submit it to your consideration. 
 
 The form of indictment has> been so simplified of late 
 years thht I can dispense with an explanation of the na- 
 ture of the offences for which indictments will be submitted 
 to you. If, however, you should require any information 
 you will find me and the officers of the Crown and of the 
 court ready at all suitable times to give you such expla- 
 nations as you may require. 
 
 We have, it is true, rather a heavy calendar for the 
 present term ; but it must not be forgotten that a year lias 
 elapsed since the last assizes ; and when we take into aceoant 
 the extent of territory comprised within this district, ami 
 the large floating population duo to its important lum- 
 bering and mining interests, I may be allowed to congrat- 
 
— 6 — 
 
 ulate you upon the gcDtral peace and good order which 
 reiL^n in this district. 
 
 You will DOW retire to your room lo cooaider the iodict- 
 ments which will he hiii bfforp you, and to fulfil the 
 other fuDClioDH which appertain to your office. 
 
 0)^^(5 
 
•s 
 
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 1488 Notre Dame St., 
 
 montreal-