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MlUOCOfV mOlUTION TKT CHAIT 
 
 (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2l 
 
 jd /jP PLIED IK/H GE In 
 
 '65 J tost Men Street 
 
 ???!'?"*.'; "•" '"'■ '♦609 us* 
 ("6) »B2 - 500 - Phone 
 ("6) 288- 5989 - Fo. 
 
PAXPHLIT lo. 7. 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 OIVTXAI IZPUOaVTAL FABM. 
 
 WM. SAUNDERS, O.M.Q., 
 
 Director. 
 
 W. T. MAOOUN, 
 
 Hertlculturht 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 GlNSKXO CULTLHE. 
 MUBHHUUM Cl r.TlRG. 
 
 Melon Culture. 
 
 OUrSENO CULTURE. 
 
 BV W. T. MACOUN, 
 Hortionltdrist, Central Expcrimaotal Farm, Ottawa. 
 
 For nearly two hundred years there has been u trade in ginseng botweon America 
 and China, but during the last half century, the price obtained for the root has gone 
 up so rapidly that Ginseng is now worth nu.ru than aeren times aa much as it was 
 fifty yean ago. Thia increased price is i)artly due to a growing popularity among the 
 CSTineao for American Ginseng, an.l partly buoause the wild root haa become more 
 ditficult to get. The high prices obtaimd for ginseiiR soon encouraged the cultivation 
 ot this plant and like many new industries the immense protiu in growing ginseng 
 were herald«d on every hand before these proKts were actually made. While good 
 prices have been obtained for much of tlu' cultivaud root, the largest prutiis have so 
 far come from the fale of seeds and plants to those who wished to experiment. 
 
 The American Ginseng (Arnlia iiuinquefolia), is a native of Canada and the 
 United State*. It is closely relat.d to the Chinese Ginseng (Aralia Ginseng) and 
 belongs to the Aralia family. The ginseng is also nearly related to the Wild Sarsa- 
 pariUa (Arulia nudicaulis) but is a much smaller plant, growing only from 12 to U 
 inches hijih, although often reaching 24 inches under cultivation. Instead of 
 the flower stalk coming from near the ground like tlie wild sarsaparilla, it grows from 
 the base of three compound leaves, all attached to the main stem by their petioles or 
 leaf stems at the same point, each leaf being divided into five leaflets. There is an- 
 other plant even more closely rcluto<l to the ginseng, namely, the (,}round Nut (Aralia 
 trifolia) which ia often mistaken for ginseng. It resembles the latter very much in 
 the leaves, but it usually has three loufltts to a leaf instead of five. The flowers of the 
 ground nut arH white; those of the ginseng, greenish. The flowers of both are in 
 clusters or umbels. The fruit of the ginseng is scarlet when ripe; th.-.t of the ground 
 nut is greenish. The fruit of both is in clusters. The root or tuber of ginseng is 
 long ; that of the ground nut is almost round. The ground nut ia a smaller plant than 
 ginseng. 
 
 Ginseng is now very rare in the wild state in . aada, but was formerly common 
 in the Provinces of Ontario nnd Quebec in hardw forests on rich landk 
 
 The ginseng root has long been used by the CL .lese, who value it very highly. It 
 is thought by them to have remarkable properties, such as the power to ward nff all 
 kinds of sickness. It is quite probable that it has certain medicinal properties known 
 to the Chinese. It is usually made into a tea and is also used by the wealthy for 
 flavouring food. Those ginseng roots with several prongs, giving them somewhat the 
 form of human beings, are particularly prized and higher prices ar« paid for such 
 roots. The ginseng so far as is known in America has not great value as a medicinal 
 plant, though it haa a slightly stimulating effect and is a specific for hiccough. The 
 5653-X 
 
ChinflM pnter the gin««>iiir irrowii in Chiim, but hflrr hvtn i|uit« willinc *o '•' to P*y 
 food priPOi for th«> AmcrioHn root. 
 
 Uintcng is \iiiiially i>ri>pa|{ate(l from i«>cdi and racli plnnt iiftcr three yrar« of »i(u 
 will produce from tifty to niic hundred or more m-cda. Se«-ds of giiiK-OK were Hold for 
 a cent or vwa two c-cntt apiece wln-n the iiiteruat in giuxcnK waa at its highest, but 
 tliey ean be obtained fur less now. One of the tint drawbacks to the culture of 
 f inwng is) the time requiied, about eighteen months, for the Hve<l tu gi>rniinate. Thii#, 
 aecd ripened in tlie autumn does not germinate until a year from the following spring. 
 As the seed is precious it is not sown as soon as it is ripe, for, lying dormant in the 
 ground as it would do during the next summer, it is liable to be injured in some way. 
 It should not be let become Jry. The best plan is to stratify the itvd as aoon as it is 
 ripe, leaving the pulp <>n. A mizturo of sand, loamy soil, and k-af mould is rubbed 
 very fine, so fine that it may be sifted out when dexired and leav« the seeds. A l)ox 
 with a lid is useful for the storing of tiie seeds. After putting in about one inch of 
 the prepared soil scatter the seeds thinly on top. Put in half on inch more soil, anil 
 so on until all the seeds are in. The box is now closed and buried four or five incln's 
 deep in well-drained soil where water will not lie at any time. The »c<'d is left b\iried 
 for a year. It is taken up the autumn after being buried and sown at once in a bed 
 specially prepared for it, about four feet wide being a convenient size. It should be 
 inclosed by six inch boardij' for greater protection. The seed lied should be made of 
 soil with a large amount of vegetable matter or leaf mould in it, of .^uch a character 
 that it will not bake, and fre«; of sticks and atones which miKlit interfere nitli the 
 development of the roots. The seed issown about one inch deep, two inches apart, in 
 rows about three inches apart. After seeding, the bed should be mulclied for winter 
 with about two iiiehes of decayed loaves. Early in spring remove most of the leaves, 
 th«' tiner parts being loft for a mulch on the surface of tho soil, through which the 
 young plants will soon make their appearance. Uiu'^eng grows naturally in shady 
 places and will not succeed in the ojR-n, hence shade should be given tlie beds in tho 
 spring. Pimetimes an open space in the woods is found suitable for a seed bed, but 
 the most satisfactory plan is to u!<e laths. Frames are made the width of a lath and 
 about six feet in length, the laths being nailed ab<iut an inch apart. Wiiere a large 
 plantation is made the frames are raised about six feet high so that the grower may 
 walk upright beneath. Tho sides of the enclosure should also be protected with these 
 frames to prevent the entrance of sunlight. If only a few plants are grown the frames 
 may be rai»e«l about eighteen inches above the bed. During the summer the bed 
 should be kept free of weeds, as plants may be transplanted at any age, though the 
 best growers now transplont the seedlings the autumn of the first year after the leaves 
 fall. The permanent tied is made much tlie same as the seed bed, but is usually wider 
 and there should 1* at least a foot of good soil. This should be thoroughly worked 
 over before the seedlings are transplanted. The. young plants should be taken up with 
 great care sn as not to injure the roots, and re-planted in tho permanent lied about eight 
 inches apart each way. The wider the plants are apirt the less danger there is from 
 disease. The plants should be deep enough so that the ^rown will be about two inches 
 below the surface of the soil. The bed is now mulched for winter as in the case of the 
 seed bed. During s icceeding years the ground is kept free of wee<ls and the surface 
 stirred to encourage as rapid growth as pissible. The plants begin fruiting when 
 three years old and the seed may be used to start new plantations. The roots are Inrfto 
 enough for export when four to five years old and should average about two ounces 
 each in weight. The roots are carefully dug, cleaned and dried before shipping. 
 OradnnI drying in warm air makes a better root than quick drying in hot air; they 
 are sometimes dried in the sun. Drying takes from two to eight weeks, depending on 
 the system. A goo<l method of drying is to place a box with wire shelves above a stove 
 when the warm air passing upwards dries the roots very well. Meanwhile the fibres 
 •re rubbed oflF. The roots lose two-thirds of their weight in drying. 
 
 Several troublesome diseases have handicapped and discouraged ginseng growers 
 during recent years, that causing the greatest injury beiug the Alternaria, which. 
 
•tffct. both li..v..> an.t •ton,,. Sometimei ihi, i* ,o bud ihut rho le.vw arc quit* d*. 
 .troyi.l, tho Htv,U .lo not riiK-n. and tU- r., u d.. imt male., thu Krmth tln-y should 
 
 lh.r.> u a.o ft »..tt ^t of th.. root. D ;,..,,!.>« -.r ,.t ,ho s ll.n«H .oinotime* cuu«» 
 
 con:.ultral.l« I.,.j.. TU. AltcTimria oan l«> L-o.itrolUd l.y th-ruugi. .pruyiiiR with Uor- 
 U»ttiix uiixture, bt-KiniiiiiK <arly in tiie wiiiion. 
 
 N.inatode worm, have ai»o .austd considerable injury to the root, in «.,nw DJaoi'* 
 and no koihI romody ha* b.'i'ii fcimd no far for th<»e. ' 
 
 There may Iw fair, and ev«i. Rtwd. proHts in tlM> fuiuro for tli- paiiont and 
 tJKirouKh KuisonK wrowcr. but for tl... u.i.jorify of ,„..,,,!.. it i, f,,,r,.,| tjmt th.. l.,„<, 
 wait i«i.««ary l«.f„r,. th. r.-.t^ or.- Ihfk,, enough to b,- H-.ld may I. ad to oar.!..,,,,, m 
 wlu-n timf and i.iou..y will U. luHt. Furtliprnioro, aitJ...ugh Kin.s..ng U ut prr.,.ui ...|,| 
 
 at jfood pri.vM. fn.m 1:1 to #7 ii ix.iin.l having l,«,n ..l.t.iino.1 f.,r tli.- ru.,t in i ,i% 
 
 jtar8, the ti.tur.. n ark.^t i« uncertain. d.|H-ndiiiK at it does on tho whin. ..f ( 'hina.n.n 
 who may at any time deeide that Am. rieau grown Kin.enif htt^ no val„o in curin« 
 diseaae and mu.v ,,nly a.i..i.i thui grown in Cliieia and Korea. 
 
 MUSHROOM CULTURE. 
 
 bV W. T. MAtOUN, 
 
 noiticuliiiii-t. C'.iiti.il i;.\|iriiiin-iiial K»riii, Ottawa. 
 
 • 
 
 There has U'en a ({Mwing interest in mii'liroorn ciilt'ir. during re<y>nt year., 
 partly due to the hiuh pri.e,-. obtained for thoni uiid partly [...uuse of tli.^ large prorits 
 said to be nuuh' from growing tlwin. The following infori:ialion should prove usi'ful 
 to any one desiring to grow niusliM.inis: — 
 
 It i8 of the greatest imiwrtnn.-e to have go(«| spawn. If the spawn or inyeelium 
 IS, d.ad there will be no mushrooms, no matter how .mrefi.llv ihc bed is looked after. 
 Therefore, mushr..om spawn should !«■ obtained fn.m reliahie sources. 
 
 ■wn is the myeeliutn of tho mushroom and may be compari.<l to the vegi tativo 
 jw-ering plants, while the mushroonu thomselvea eorresi)(>nd to the (lowers. 
 
 . KS "n which spawn is bought are merely the carriers of the my.-ilium whi.-hi 
 
 •> proper conditions ari> given, continues its growth and cventiinlly produces 
 
 ■oms. Tho mycelium is produwd from spores which fall from llio mature 
 
 niusi.rooma and germinate. The spawn-licaring bricks which areiiureln I Rre enm- 
 
 pose<l of horse and cow manure and sometimes a little loam. Tho conii)...-t is mouldcl 
 into the form of bricks and while still moist they are inoculated with mycelium. This 
 grows and pcrmentos the bricks, which, when tille.1 with the mycelium, are drie<l and 
 stored ready for sale. If the bri.ks are not kept dry until they are needed for spawn- 
 ing the m,voeliuin i.s lialde to l.i- injure.1, nn.|. as the .Mer tlie bricks am the more 
 likelihood there is of their being subjected to unfavourable conditions, fresh sflawn 
 should he use.l. The pt.re culture spawn differs from the other in that the niye.lium 
 is first grown from the tissue of .voung mushrooms or from the spores in sterilize.l emn- 
 post, by which method th.> best varieties and strains niay b<> jitowm pure. 
 
 The tnanurc for the In-d should Ik> partly roMed horse manure; cow m.inure is not 
 so good. This is usually obtained from livery stnbles ami slu.uld be mi.xed withstvaw 
 bedding for best results, although mushrooms will grow in nuinure when mixed with 
 fandust or shavings which have 'leen used as b-dding. It is pile<l in a place sheltered 
 from rain and kept from burning by turning several times at intervals of four to 
 seven days until the first violent heat is over, by which time it Is thoroughly mixed 
 and of comparatively uniform eonsist(ii,.y and ha.s lost its rank smell. This will taka 
 three weeks or a little less. To heat well, the pile should be at least four feet deep, or 
 
if the WMtbar ii oold. If tbo manunt ii my 'try, enoutk water nay b* ad M 
 to mako it moiMt, but not wnt. Tlie bnl may be ma>l<> in a oallar under • houaa, be- 
 ne«th irrMihouaii b nohea, <>r in any fairly darii place where the temperature in the 
 ruoin doea nut gu much about 60* F. ur uuder M* F. Fran U* F. to M* F. it a rood 
 range. A lower tKmppratiire for a few daya will delay the appearance of muihriHina, 
 but may not othrrwiae prore harmful. Muahrooma do brat where there ii good vciiti* 
 latioii, providJiiK muiature and temperature ran be controlled. When the manun- ii 
 put in, it i» tramped down Miliil. nnd thir can bn«t be acoomplithed by ittiiiir oti iil><>iit 
 three inclo'ii at a time and poumling down well until thrre i* a depth of fiftf-n inrlii-s 
 although leat will do where the temperatu>'« ia near 60° F. all the time. Wh^n the 
 manure ia put in, it ihould be of luch a oon«iitency and moiatneaa that it will not 
 crumble in the hand if K|ueoced .''et i* not to moi«t that water will oome out. The 
 tempornturo of the bed ihould wion riim about 100° F. and after it baa rearhed ito 
 maximuoi nnd haa fall<>n to b<>tw(<on 70° F. and 80° F. the bed ii ready for apawiiiiig 
 OochI reaultd are obtaini'<l if tlie bed i« apawned at 60° F. Thp spawn iihoiilil l« 
 brolcen into piccea as large as a butternut or small egg, or larger, and the pi(>r«« in- 
 upTteti ever.v eight to ten inches or even further apart ami from one to two inches tleep 
 in the manure, lifting it up when putting in the aparvn, alter which the manure should 
 be pr»'as»'d firmly ugainat the spawn and the whole be«l made Arm. From five to eight 
 daya after spawning, according to how fa<<t the ti>mperature ia going down, from two 
 to three inchea. or even less, of gotil loamy soil is spread on top of the manure. If 
 there is a tendency to dr-neas, a light covering of hay or atraw may be put over the 
 manure until it it time U> put on the soil, after which the atraw ia removed. The 
 mycelium should begin to run in about two weeks, or less if it is good, and souictimea 
 the soil ia not put on until it ia seen as a white, cobweb-like growth extending in dif- 
 ferent dircetionii from the piooea of spawn. If it can be avoided, the Led nhoiild not 
 be watered at till, «a watering, especially shortly after spawni..g, often chiismw injnry. 
 It is heat to keep the floor and walls damp, the moisture given off from tho«e riirnioh- 
 ini; the soil with qnough. If the room is very dry, lightly watering the bed with 
 tepid water may be done very occasionally, but there it ilanRer of rotting the niyeelium 
 from watering. A covering of hay over the bed will help to keep in the moisture until 
 the mushronma oome. The growing of mushrooms during the summer months ia not 
 ■atisfac'tory, as maggotn are very troublesome and diffleult to control. If tlie bed is 
 prepared in the fall the mushrooms should appear in seven or eight weeks and the bed 
 continues bearing for from two to thre<' months, but reeiilts with mu^liroon -e very 
 uneertnin. The amateur sometimes obt.iins a good crop, and other times i..ere is 
 failure, although apparently the same treatment is given. 
 
 MELON CnrLTUBE. 
 
 BY W. T. MACOUN, 
 • Horticnlturist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 
 
 Both muflkmelons and watermelons are very popular in Canada, but in some parts 
 of the country, owing to the short season, special methods of culture must be adopted 
 to have them ripen during the warm weather, when they are most in demand. 
 
 More attention has been given to the culture of miiskmelon.s in Canada than to 
 waU melons, although the latter nre grown extensively in the warmer districts. The 
 name eantaloupe is now applied to all musknulons alike by some people, but the true 
 cantaloupes are muskmelon-* of the type of the roujili hnrd-skinned melons grown in 
 Southern Europe and the Southern States but seldom met v ith in Canada. Being a 
 native of Persia and other parts of Asia, where there is great heat in the growing 
 ■eason, the muskmelon to do well must be kept in a high temperature from the time 
 
t|r« M«f| )■ inwn iiiiiil the rn«<lr.n» •re ripe. If the •mnU »rt> »nwn in eiiM aoil they an 
 Jik«'l.v to ru». If th«' youMii Innt* ««• in)t well proti-tUil wlieii •Urli>(l i iirly in t>u>bot- 
 l*.| tiny will he chilM «rio ■•li.ckwl in their growth or killtil. itnl if th-r.' «r.« oool 
 tiiifht* ami the plants are tkikm...! when iliey art- in hlonm. melun* will not it-t. Further- 
 ni<.r»\ llie vliiihtcrt fro-t will kill iIk- Tine#. lUviiiK these fact* in niiiul. on« ran in- 
 t« lliinntljr begin the piiltiin- of mi-lnni. 
 
 Ai the larly un'liin» are the nii>»t profltable lh« metluKji t.f obtaining iIm am 
 diM'rilied befor'j givint; gviierul <iirei!ti<>n>i f«>r gmwing tlit'in in tin- open. Tho un-l'in 
 growirt in the vii'inii.v o' Mi'ntreal have givni iiioo' attention to the proilui'tiot. of 
 large, high einp»» early me n> lian ati,vwlH>re vine in ('mia.ltt ano m the exeelh'iit re- 
 fiilts whieb they hove olituin<'<l »how what eon be ilone when' the m-ummi it eoinpara- 
 tively dhort, ai it ii4 over a lurgi part ••< (lanaila. tlie Hrtt •y*l4in of eiiltiire recom- 
 UK n>let| in liiwed largely on their nuthoiU. 
 
 The aeeii i« ^..wll in a gre«'nliou»e or holheilH dtirintc the nmnth of Mureh or tir«t 
 (lay of April, either in |H)ti or in rowi nUiiit nix iio'h. ,. ii|iiiri ami about half iin in<-h 
 deep in the «oil. As toon a* the |iliiiit« iipiH'ar iilxive ground, ventilation in given tha 
 lied- during the daytime. Imt they are clo«ed i\l night. Ah muin a* tlie plants U'gin 
 to iiliow the tir»t rough lea', they are pricked out into four inch \x>\*, or oometimeii 
 five inch ii«t» aK' uned, setting two plants in the |mt. At times if is donirahle to 
 tran«phint from a four inch pot to n live or nix inch jKit if the pluiitn hnvi' U-en 
 started very iiuly. lMant<t may uNo Ih> p-tiirt«Mi in pieces of »od or etruwberry boxes. 
 A piece of i^iid about four ineheH iu|iiaro iH a Muti^factory Ri/.e, tlm-e or four setnls being 
 planted in each piece. These soiU am sunk in thi' soil in the hotbeds. 
 
 SoDje growers prefer s(<wing tU' seed direct in the frame winTe the vitto ia to re* 
 mnin. Warm, well-drained «oil should be ehiwen for tho mploii iiluiitation, as it ii 
 important to have as high a nt'A teiniHTuture a- poxKibh' after the tieat of the nmnurn 
 hfl"' been ex|>''nded. The soil for melons is pret'erably rather light, but having a good 
 supply of I'uiiiuble plant food in it from u liberal application of barnyard manure 
 whicji has been plouglied under. 'J'renclieH are opened in this soil two to two and a 
 half feet in width and eighteen incbes in ilf'pth, i-arly in Mny. or the work may b« 
 done the previous autumn when, the ^loil U'lng exposed to the frost during the winter, 
 bee imes broken up. These trenches arc dug in rows about twelve feel apart and as 
 long ns space will allow. Into these innclks is put actively fermenting horse manure, 
 filling them i" to within four inches of tlic surface of the gr«iut\d. The soil is ni)W 
 thrown bac).- jp of the manure makiiiK the surface in the cj-ntre of tho trench a 
 
 little hiKhek ,,rovide f<ir settling. There siioidd at the same time be a slight slope 
 towards the sontii. There should bo about eight or nine inches of soil. r)r at lea^t six 
 inches, over tho manure. Movable frnmo* are used for putting over tho troncli. 
 The usual len^'th of each franie is about twelve f«M't. They ore six feet widi' and 
 planned to lake four hotbed sjish each by 3 feet. A path of about four f<>el is loft 
 nt eiieh end of the rr.imos for working about them. After the ir'uss has been over tho 
 trench for a day or two, the soil will be warm (iioiurh to take tlic I'odoryountr plants, 
 aiiil it is at this time that the utmost care should be taken to jirevcnt the plants net- 
 tliijr cliilbd nml n warm day slu'uld be chosen for triuispldiitiiijr As the youtiL' luelon 
 platits have not n birtre root system and have few tilires to hold tho soil to them, it 
 fchoulil be distiirbcil as little as possible. It is desirable to water well before turniiifr 
 the plants out of the its <r boxes. Three bills of two, or at the im.st three, jilimt- to 
 a hill are now mad.' , bo'it foi.r feet apart in the frames, pressing the surrotindin^ 
 Soil well about the plants, but at the Siiine time ii't brenkini: tho liall of soil a'taebeil 
 to the roots. Tf in strawlierry ' ixes. there may be four plants f,, the bnx vlirii setting 
 out. These all should be left until the plants rri> establislieij when tlie we!il;cst plant 
 slh'uld be out off. The plants sho.ild now bo shaded to liolp pro\ 'it their wilting. 
 Tlic frames should be pr"tected early in the season at niirlil with niaiin;; or beards to 
 keep tlie berl ns warm as pos-iblo. From now on tbi> chief attention should bo given 
 to vontilatincr and watering. On oold ilavs verv little ventila'inn can bo orivon for 
 fear of chilling the plants, but as the season advarces and the weather l-oomes warmer 
 
mow antl iiior* vritlilMiiutt U fiwti. Oi.Ijr pfarlici' van tl»« Ibt ^ '>v."f iIm kiiuwlciliia 
 of >H>w Miiil wlH'it to (i>iiiil«i4> to gft iIh' In'iiI n-aiilu. raiially vciiiilMiioii i« giv<-n in 
 the ittoriiitiK uikI ihf rrninn pIinmmI at ni|ihl. Wah*r ahoiilii tw ap|>lie<< wlirn ner<l>il, 
 iji a fitiB •i>r»y, the- ihill leiiiK lakrn oil it hcfori* imiiiK, JMrn Hm.o to titiK> it may I* 
 foiiiiil i|inirH)ili> III thoriiiiirlil.N »,vriniri' th« Ii8v«»i. with a ««o<l for«< of water to vhuii 
 otf ri'il '•pillar. Thi' •iirfa*.i> xoii iltutiM bo ki-pt loow atut fn>fi of wiM-«la, Cultivation 
 nImhiIiI U' shallow. 
 
 TIk piiivliiiiir Inifk i>r priinliiK of thp viiuM« ii pructi«'<i by thi> betl grower*. 
 I'iii.'liiiiK i» KiviMi whfii ihi' |ilmii. art' traii«|ilaiil.Mj {r»tu the pot* to thf frHiiip, tho 
 tip of iIm' •fiitral ihiMit ImIiik niiiovfil. After ilu' vim-* liavo lonli' alHuit one ami u 
 halt' or two lift of t(^)wtll thf iiliix>tii an' nvaiii piiu'hfil off, Tlii» niiiiM'" tho prnduf- 
 tioii of luti rnU iiiul nmkr- it iimitr to ili*tribiito iIk' vini>» in the fruiiii'*. Thtm' latiraU 
 alwi Ix-ar iinliiiin uml thua thi- liirgi-^t |)i>«»iblo number of nieloris ar<- pro.hnt^l in lh« 
 •mallc^t i«t)aoi'. An the ini'louit net, the <iuli< of the hitrraU on whieh they are ifMwiiitf 
 ani |i|ni'he<| off to iiliniit two himUk or joinU Wyoti.l tho melon. Thin metli.Hl nl-o 
 e.ioMoniizei. H|iao.'. Miloni ict w 11 even when the vine* iir<' n ^t priiiieii. If the \\w* 
 have Imiii .tartPil early, they How ^ melon* «et, rnu-h a ifoo.1 i«izi' iiihI are ofiin 
 nearly lONtiirt Iwlore the franu-h ar. reimniNl. Afl«r the viiieH hiive Hlle,| the fniin.-, 
 the liiltiT lire raUeil ii little off the (froiiml to nllotv llio vim-* to .Ktenil iiit.iile. Wtie i 
 tlwre It no fiirtlier ilaiiirer nt .-..ol nJKhtu the .H-h nn- left off hut the frnnieH 
 are often left on for a few .luy» in iii«e tliire .houhl li.> tin une»|i.Tti.I 
 cool HiM-ll Ix.fori' the pInntN heenino hnnli ne<|. when the h1h>'« I'liii he put l.tu-lc 
 teni|>oriirily. While iiiu«knielon-< r..|uire hich feni|HTiitiire to i|ii «tl!. tiny •houM at 
 the mnne time luiv.' plenty of wait r In tleir niitive country tli • Mirhnii an' Krowu 
 neiir -treatnH where there i» ubumhuit nioi.mre. Where the hiiul i* uiitiinilly wel in 
 Caniiila it ii usiuilly too cohl for nielonn, heiiee they are (frown on the wiirrn. well 
 clraineil »oiU whieh often heeome ilry in ihe »iinuuer ami the iiuei'i««ful niel.m wrower 
 i« prepared to irriunle wlien neee>i»ary. 
 
 When o?u' il'KM imi «i,.h to jro to the expense of iiHJnir hotlieil ^a'h for foreiuKthn 
 nM'loud they can U- ndvaiu-ed eon^ideruhly by usinjr umall li(fht< alx)iit a foot mpnire. 
 A frame ia made of pim-es of twelve-ineh hoards and tho irhms i§ laid on top, or it may 
 bo nadi' to slide in a »;ri«)ve no as to ventilate readily. Ilole.* arc ilujf aliont eiuhi,.eri 
 im-he^ iliep and two tVet stpiare and nearly filled with inanuro a» already di.serihed. 
 Over th. te ar« put the »nuill fraiiKx, linkiiiK th.m »ix inehe* in the «..il mxl nuinure 
 »o tiiat ihcy will afford Kreat«T proleetion to the planti. S.ed or plnntK tiiay 1h' put 
 in the«e. They are left i .er the plants a* lontr an poK^ilde. hut. at they have to he n- 
 moved comparatively early in the s< axon, ei.ol niKht* afterwards may injure the crop. 
 
 In the warmest imrts of Cuiuido, where th" neason in loiiK-e»t, the «( neral pru.liei. 
 is to Krow inuskniilons in thu oihmi, either without atartinit thcin in the ).'reenh..ii~.. 
 or hollH-d or else merely startinir tho plants inside and plaiitiuK them in the o|Hn win u 
 quite small, (in.wn in this way, they reqiiirc as warm, well drained ho!| as wh. n 
 forced. If the soil ha^ b<>en well manured no sjx^eial preparation is made wlnre tlw 
 mhkI is sown, b\it us a rule a lit . 'rid <puihtity of niatiure is mixed with the .oil, 
 A hole is made about eivh' ches d.ep and ohout two frvt Mpuire inio 
 whieh is thrown about hn!. husiul of oompoht made of .hort nuinure 
 
 thoroughly mixi d with the soil in tho hole. The nuinure shouM lie .|i..rt. an if Ion." 
 it will dry out more r.'iidii.v. Thcro s-houKl 1h' enouj-h of thin eomi>o.t to ni-ik- it al init 
 li vol with the surface of the ground. Over thin in \<nt about two iiiehm of t'ood I, uuiy 
 soil "•liieh raises the hill that much above the .nurroun.li?iu' level. The hills, are uuido 
 Ir.iu nix to «eveu feet apart. A dozen or m^.re of sci.l- are now piauted about tho 
 cntre of each hill, piM'-sinn them in with lii, finder to aiiout the ,1, ptli of one inch, 
 after whieh the soil in pri'sned d/>wn with the jiand to firm it and to aid in brinpinjr tho 
 moisture to the seed. A few dayn after tho s«.ed is sown, and just us or before tho 
 plants break throufrb the prouiid, puisotu'd bran in the pro|>ortion of one pound Paris 
 green to fifty pouniN irran nhoidd be nprinkled over the hili. Thin in to kill the 
 cutworms, which are very destructive to plants. When dantrer of cutworms h 
 
o«»r, the plant! ■)i»ii|<| [». thinitnl out, kmviitK ••nly ihr ihnt' >irniii;p«t. Tlw 
 irriMiiiil in now kipt thoriiiitfhl.v ciiliivuirtl ii> iiitixrvi' m<>i«tiir«' himI I" .i^-irnv w> '>N. 
 'l'\w viiwn limy hK riovciI (rmii tiiin' to iliiv' »'' n yiiiig »■> "'ttrt <h«'in in tli' <lir<.-- 
 lion which will «ovi'r iIm Rr<>uti<l beat with lh> xu*! cmwiIiiiK' When tha> vinex aru 
 rn>wil|-<i the mi'l^iiK i|<> imt wl wfll. Tti <it>laiii tlw iiii»i iiniforni ntoi l« -i iinLii-, 
 |ii)i'i« iif iMiarili i>r itonca i<hoiil<| U' placp*! uixh-r I'Ui-li ii> liii'p it otf the Kroiiinl. 'IIm 
 DM'loiia ■hiMil4| aUo In' turiiuil Kfailually, nut fspiniiitc u piiri wliii-h lia< Utn iimlur- 
 Death at <>iiii> tv th<< •uti, hut tiiriiinit pa/i way at a liiiic. 
 
 Mu>kiii<'liiii« art- ritw wIh'Ii tlivy hrrak uaiily l'r>>ni tin' vim*. Wlwn nhippiiiK tliiiu 
 long iliiitaiiit-*, Kriiwt-r* MiiiirtiiiU'K pirk tluMii m iIii. 'f twn lii'fiirt> they hiivc r«'iii'lii-<l ilii* 
 •tHfri'. hut uiih'M uiic ha< hu>l iviiiiiiihTuhlf i-xihth'I' ih' it i« lH-4t ti> huvi' llk>iii until 
 thi'N iiru ri|H\ a« if pirkvil much tut) iixui thuy will not iniitiui' profii-rly. 
 
 Wall 'mfluHM.—'Hw wHti riiD'Jon in a iiativi- of Afrioa, htiu'i- it nl-i nipiirm irront 
 iMut to iff.)w it whII. A- writiriiii'lotm un> uhtuiiMij from the I'liifid Smttit early in 
 the "fiixm at funiiwrativi'ly hiw priit'«, thon« in not tin' .unif iniliK-cnu'iit to fori'i- tlw 
 in Ciinnda. tlmuRh tht^v can be (oh^hI if ih-nir-il. For tiihl i'iiltur<- itlxiut tin >iin 
 mrthixl* urv iiilopiiij ii« t„t niimkmrlon'). Tlii' hill» for uati'niit'lont »hi>iiW l.c fiirthr, 
 a|>flrt thiin for inuiikini'lon* from ■rvm to ninr f.ct U'iiiK b fair di-' iiht. It i> murh 
 HKirc iliffloult to toll whf-n i . atcrtiifhin i* rip.- 'Iian it !• a mii<<kini'|i>n: in faot. tlwrf 
 it no "RliRfai-tory mcthoil ti - telling thouich iift^r our hnn linrvi-»ti'il many iik'Ioik one 
 can Ri't fairly ex|M'rt. Sonw imlicntiono of riii<Mii">n aro thi' I'rni'kinu of tlw Hcnh iiiolpr 
 -ligUt proMiirr*. the <lr>-in(r up of tin- ti-n-lril n<'an-*>t tin- nwloii, a i-loar -i.mi<l whi-ii lh.> 
 mrloii i« uiuinp<-<| an oppmcil to n dull noiiiid whni (troon. T'i<"«f indicnlioim. whinh 
 are hy im nii'ani arcurnti-, toifi-thrr with the (tcnrral Hpix'nruiicf of the mvlon. help to 
 deoidr nn what mcloni to harvcKt. 
 
 In»frln. — III addition to ruiworin« already incntiomtl. the nwlonn are often iiijurpd 
 hy tlw iitri|H<i cueumhcr lifetle. To oven-nine llii* the leave' should 1m' kept eovereil 
 with Pari* trreen inixeil with land planter or lime in the prop >rtiiiii of one pound <if 
 the fciiaer to lifty puniid» of the lo'ter. ApplieBtioiix •'lionid be maile pvpry two ilay*. 
 
 Poisoimi Il.nliaiix mixture nia<h' in the pr rlion of four [muiidi bliiestone, four 
 
 oiiiiei- Piiri-t »frien. four pound* lime, and fir'y KHllon* of wot' ' ix uIho a (^Hld rniiPdy 
 for thi'< insopt. and also for the tlea Ui'tli', a -ry xiiiull, hlar '»pciiiK iii««>et whieh 
 of ton d'lrs much injury. 
 
 (Irasuhoppcrs are Homrtiinr!* troublr>onu', rilling I'epi out of the nn loni and 
 disfiKurintf them. Tln' poi«nnpil bran Bcaltereii in i' trriind wher«> they i-an (ret at 
 it, 8:4 reeommcndod for cutwormr, will kill them. 
 
 Di*ea»t$. — There are »c>veral disoa**... »! ieh nfTn-t le i<<kinelonii, anioiiir tlwuo bciiuf 
 the mihlew or blipht. the altornaria, an., .. > liaeleriu' wilt. The two lornier can Uj 
 pheckod by thorouirh opplication of Bordeaux mixture !iot{iuiiin(f early in .luly while 
 the plant* are ftill healthy looking, and eonfintiiiiff at intervalt r,f from ten days to 
 two weeks throughout the H'uiion. Then' i^ no go(«l remedy known for the wilt.