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LAWRENCE RIVER; AL,SO, ^ (Kuitre to I^AKES GEOllGE AA^D CHAMPLAIK; OTTAWA ANB SAGUEJTAY PwIVERS. mntf JSmMUslimmU, etc. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY J. DISTURNELL No. 16 BEEKMAN STREET. ' 1857. i Entbbed, aci^ording to Act of Congress, in tho year 1857, by JOHN DISTUKNELL, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. **-*'*«-s/N.'>.'» Stereotyped by V. DILL, 89 & 31 Beekman St., N. Y. ! ,, CONTENTS. O I >...-,. tk I II Pago l>-i;{ »T ,, • '"ft*' ''^I'f »cuicry-(„„„,l I.s1,.na-T,m,uv,„,.l«-ln.s, ,„• ()o,.t l,l,,.,.l Jffldnd. Ml 8 *>i"e,!iia 1 iill.^ V jIlago—Ji.nviMlua--Vouii";.s(,(;\vii Lakk Ontahio.— B( 11) 20 Stkamhoat Ilou r.;s,_Lulnf!c» 211, ;;() 11 '0 "l ve7 L^/ J^y'-T^''-''^''^^^^"' "'• • '•^••t k 4. Map of Lakk Ontario, and siirroimding Country 27 5. Fort Niagara— Mouth Niagara River 32 C). Ckdar Rapids— St. Lawrence iliver '1 7. Stkamboat Landing, Burlington. Vt 115 >t. 8. Cape Trinity and Point Eternity, Sagucnay River. 152 «M ^ «-VAxij-«v RAILROAD AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES FROM BUF- FALO TO NIAGARA FALLS, TORONTO, ETC. The most usual mode of conveyance from Buffalo to the Falls of Niagara, and thence to Lake Ontario, or into Canada, is by the Buffalo, Alagara Falls and Lewiston Railroad, 28 miles in length. It runs through Tonawanda, 11 miles; Niagara Falls, 22 miles ; Suspension Bridge, 24 miles, connecting with the Great Western Railway of Canada, and terminates at Lewis- ton, the head of navigation on Niagara River, 28 miles. American and Canadian steamers of a large class leave Lewis- ton several times daily, for different ports on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. There is also another very desirable mode of conveyance, by Steamboat, descending the Niagara River, from Buflfalo to Chippewa, C. W., thence by the Erie and Ontario Railroad, 17 miles in length ; passing in full view of 'ho Falls, to the Clifton House, three miles below Chippewa; Suspension Bridge, five miles; Queenston, eleven miles, terminating at Niagara,°C. W., thirty-five miles from Buflfalo. ^ As the Steamboat leaves Buffalo on the latter route, a fine view may be obtained of Lake Erie and both shores of Niagara River. On the Canada side, the first object of interest are the ruins of old Fonx Erie, captured by the Americans July 3d, 1 1814. It is situated at the foot of the lake, opposite the site of a 10 BUFFALO TO NIAOAUA FALLS, KTC. H in itrong fortress which the United States government have recent, ly erected for the protection of the river and Hie city of Buffalo. Watkrloo, C. W., three miles below Buffalo and opposite Black Hock (now a part of Buffalo), with whicli it is connected by a steam-ferry, is handsomely situated on the west side of Niagara River, which is hero about half a mib wide. The Ihiffalo and Lake Huron Ruilroiid runs from Fort Krio, near Waterloo, to Paris, C. W., where it connects with the Great Western Railway of Canada. It is now completed to Stratford, 116 miles, will soon be finished to Godcrich, lying on L. Huron. Grand Island, belonging to the United States, is passed on the right in descending the river. It is a largo and valuable tract of good land, abounding with white oak of a superior quality Navy Island, belonging to the British, is next passe n bove day, while the A me? cm, n army was on their march from Fort Geor^l, toward /t^fV' a cembng the west bank of the river, their rearguarf ut/eV the immodiato conmmnd of (ion. Scott was ■.ttf^lfli V *\ advanced guard of the British army uX* 'f L^f ^ Lntish having been reinforced after their defont nf cl^t' on the 5th of the same month. ThL^t'gU t a glSrc^' flict of th^most obstinate and deadly oh^irnr^f^r a. attacked, (?en. Scott a . . Major-General Sir Isaai-- 'Rvnr^^ v rt Provisional Lieut..Governor and Conmalider^^T^'e &« in fhi« Vrr. • The last words of Major General Brock, when he fell mortally wounded by a musket-shot through the left breast, were, " Never mind, my boys, the death of one man-I have not long to live " Thus departed one of the many no1)le spirits that were sacrificed ^n tins trontier during the war of 1812. The village of Niagara is advantageously situated on fl.. Canada side, at the entrance of the river into T ntl n^f -^ chrectly opposite Fort Aria^ara, oHie American sk^e t/^^' tarns about 3,000 inhabitlints a court hJu?enndlail T' Episcopal, one Presbyterian oie ATotWir r„ T ^ V ^^® yard with a marine raihvav nml fa^^r^Ar..r ^^4. i i "^^^'^" making ^.ohi„.y of thiSdS%^.^r^^^^^^^^ sceao of a severe contest in IHi? i« Li • i !t \ . ^^^ *^^e \i^:'i mouth of the river, d rectlv onnosite old aw a" ' American side. The now f^.S™ ifcaS^.Sr The whole frontier on tho Carinrio «,>!„ ^ ,:, . ^ .^rt Erie, opposite BaffaloV^vas o^o'pied ^tho AuloricS' 'v" 14 NIAGARA RIVER, ITS RAPIDS, FALLS, ISLANDS, AND ROMANTIC SCENERY. " Majestic stream ! what river rivals thee, Thou child of many lakes, and sire of one- Lakes that claim kindred with the all-circling sea- Large at thy birth as when thy race is run ! Against what great obstructions hast thou won Thine august way— the rock-formed mountain-plain Has opened at thy bidding, and the steep Bars not thy passage, for the ledge in vain Stretches across the channel— thou dost leap Sublimely down the height, and urge again Thy rock-embattled course on to the distant main." This most remarkable and romantic stream, the outlet of Lake Erie, through which flows all the accumulated waters of the Upper Lakes of North America, very appropriately forms the boundary between two great countries, the British province of Upper Canada on the one side, and the State of New York, tlie " Empire State" of the Union, on the opposite side. In its whole course, its peculiar character is quite in keeping with the stupendous Cataract from which its principal interest is derived. Tlie amount of water passing through this channel is im- mense ; from a computation which has been made at the outlet 01 Lake Erie, the quantity thus discharged is about twenty millions of cubic feet, or upward of 600,000 tons per minute, all of which great volume of water, 20 miles below, plunges over the Falls of Niagara. The Niagara River commences at Bird Island, nearly opposite the mouth of Buffalo harbor, and passes by the site of old Fort Erie and Waterloo on the Cai..ada side. At the latter place a steam ferry-boat plies aci*bs8 the river to Black Rock, now form- ing a part of the city of Buffalo. It is here proposed to con- NIAGARA RIVER. 15 SCENERY. sea — i-plaia lain." the outlet of bed waters of riatcly forms itish province Df New York, 3 side. In its keeping with al interest is lanncl is im- ) at the outlet about twenty LS per minute, )elow, plunges learly opposite ite of old Fort latter place a ick, now form- oposed to con- struct a railroad bridge across the stream, about 1,800 feet in width. Squaw Island and Stkawberry Island are both small islands lying on the American side of the stream, near the head of Grand Island The river is here used in part for the Erie Canal, a pier extending from Squaw Island to Bird Island forming a large basin called Black Rock Harbor. ^ Grand Island, attached to Erie Co., N. Y., is a large and important body of land, about ten miles long from north to south, and seven miles wide. This island is partly cleared and cultivated, while the larger portion is covered with a large growth of oaks and other forest trees. The ship or steamboat channel runs along the bank of Grand Island to nearly opposite Chippewa, where the whole stream unites before plunging over the Falls of Niagara, being ^ again separated at the head of Goat Island. From this point the awe-struck traveler can scan the quiet waters above, and the raging rapids below, preparing to plunge over the cataract Cayuga Island and Buckhorn Island are small bodies of land belonging to the United States, situated immediately jbelow Grand Island. '' Navy Island, lying opposite the village of Chippewa, 18 Imiles below the head of the river, is a celebrated island belong. Png to the Canadians, having been taken possession of by the Sympathizing patriots in 1837, when a partial rebelUon occurred In Upper and Lower Canada. ToNAWANDA, 11 milcs bclow Buffalo, is situated at the mouth pt Tonawanda Creek, opposite Grand Island. The Erie Canal here enters the creek, which it follows for several miles on its ourse toward Lockport. A railroad also runs to Lockport loimecting with the J\^ew York Central Railroad, extending ) Albany. A ship canal is proposed to be constructed from fonawanda to some eligible point on Lake Ontario, i.h"- v>.ja„ ng a rival to the Welland Canal of Canada. ScHLOssER's Landing, two miles above Niagara Falls village. I a noted steamboat landinp^. opposite Chippewa, from whence i Hi ( I HI i !• U i IH NIAGARA UIVEH. the stoamor Caroline was cut adrift by tho Britinh and de- stroyed, by being precipitated over tho TuUb din-ing >he Ca- nadian rebellion, I>cconiber 29th, 1887. TiiK RAinns.— Below Navy Island, between Chippewa and Sohlo3.ser, the river is nearly throe miles in width, but soon uarrowH to one mile, when tho llapida commence, and continue for about ono mile before reaching tho edge of the precipice at the Iforse-Shoo Fall. At tho comnioncoment of the Rapida " tho bed of tho river declinos, the channel contracts, numerous large rockH heave up tho rolling surges, and dispute tho passage of tho now raging and fofiming Hoods. The mighty torrent leaping down succes- sive leilgos, dashing over opposing elevations, hurled back by ridgoa, and repelled from shores and islands— plunging, boiling, roaring— seems a mad wilderness of waters striving against its better fatt*, and hurried on to destruction by its own blind and reckless impetuosity. Were there no cataract, theso Kapids would yet make Niagara tho wonder of the world." Iris, or Hoat Island, commences near tho head of tho Rapids, and extends to the precipico, of which it forms a part, separating tho American Fall from tho Canadian or llorse-Bhoe Fall. It is about half a mile in length, eighty rods wide, and contains over sixty acres of arable laivd, being for tho most part covored with a heavy growth of forest trees of a variety of species, and native plants and flowers. A portion of tho island, however, has beoji cleared oif, and a garden inclosed, in which are some excellent fruit trees, and a variety of native and foreign plants and tlowers, and a fish-pond. Tlio island is re- markably cool, shady, and pleasant, and is an object of unceas- ing admiration from year to year. Comfortable seats and arbors are placed at the most interesting points, where the visitor can sit at ease and enjoy the beautiful and sublime views prosontod to his sight— often entranced by a deafening roar of mighty waters in their descent, often accompanied by changing rainbows of tho most gorgeous description. I ..; NlAOAltA KIVER. n NIAGARA. Wn.TTKN BY LYDIA H. SrOOURV.V. Flow on forov.r, in thy glorious robe f torror ami of beauty; God haih sot His rainbow on thy forohoad, and the cloud Mantles around thy foot, anok a fearful > the water's re annually nd Terrapin se-Shoe Fall B contiguous ,round Goat of the river ds :, f\ ! -H I ^ a EH y THE AMEBIOAN FALLB MOONLIGHT. tl H (R I CATARACT OF NIAQAUA. 10 ^lAGARA is a word of Indian origin— the ortliography, accentuation and meaning of whicli are variously given by different authors. It is highly probable that this diversity might be accounted for and explained by tracing the appellation , . pf* through the dialects of the several tribes fe^q^l^^l of aborigines who formerly inhabited the J^Sa^^-St* neighboring country. There is reason to behave, iiuwevcr. that the etymon belongs to the language of tlio Iroquois, and signifies the '« Thunder of PVaters." MVhen the traveler first arrives at the cataract he stflr, 1« and gazos, and is lost in admiration. The Shtv v .Inn,! :^ water which forms the outlet of the great S S Z • ""^ Michigan, Huron, and Erie, is here SreS tori nt ^"P^^^^^f' pice KiOieet high, with a riar lireXXLt L wVch'LT^^ be heard, in favorable circumstances, to iU distancrnf flrf ^ mdes, tliou-h, at times, the Falls mav be no^ -w n ^^^5 without perceiving much to indL'atraVemendoiLSr;^-^ the vicmity. 1„ consequence of a bend \niCv\vX ^ t*''^'^^*^ '? pal weight of water is thrown on the Siadhin sil'] ^"f \" is called the Horse- Shoe Fall which nnZ !,„ k ' ''°^" '^^'** priate, as the edges of the pred^'ce SavTcea edToZ?''^^P'°- and forms a moderately acute angle Near S middle n?7vf ' fall, Goat Island, containing 75 aSres extends tnfr ^^t the precipice, dividing the river into two mvt« % ^''' "" ""^ projecting mass of rock ut a iltle S stanTe from t\"l' 7.1" extendingfromtl^^TttXrt^^^tl^^^^^^^ has been constructed from the American sCe to li«ti^T« 5® and another connects the latter with Goat TsW ^?*^ island,, erected on tl:>e brow of the HorTp 5w I i ^^' ^"^"^ ^ *<^wer is Goat Island by a sTort brfdip nn S^- //?"' "PP^oached from stand over th/edcfrof the mSht^ '}'' '^"''*'^*^^ ««e«^« to fine view of tliis part of it Th J y*,^^*^'^' ^^^^ which affords a American shore ?o Gout Island is t^^'T ""' *^' ^'^^^ ^^^"^ ^^^ Goat Island is 78 ror- around th^^^^^^^ ^"S^^^ *^'' ^^*"^* ^^ Gnn^riio^ -ri- '.. I' ^^ound the Horse-Shoe Fnll nr, ^x.^, feet; near Goa't uVt^nLZl^lfiTLf""'' V*^ Inland, on the Canada dde, 164 felt^'^kifo'lS l aSl^' 20 CATARACT OF NIAGARA. Hi'' projection on the Canadian side, at the edge of the precipice, ib 160 feet high. This place is generally thought to present the finest view of the FaUs ; though if the spectator will visit the tower on the opposite side on Goat Island, at sunrise, when the whole cavity is enlightened by the sun, and the gorgeous bow trembles in the rising spray, he can not elsewhere, the world over, enjoy such an incomparable scene. A covered stairway on the American side descends from the top to the bottom of the precipice. •• It has been computed that 100 million tons of water are dis- charged over the precipice every hour. The Rapids commence about a mile above the Falls, and the water descends 67 feet be- fore it arrives at the cataract. The view from the bridge to Goat Island, of the troubled water dashing tumultuously over the rocks of the American fall, is terrific. While curiosity con- stitutes an attribute of the numan character, these falls will bo frequented by admiring and delighted visitors as one of the grandest exhibitions in nature. " This stupendous cataract, situated in N. lat. 43° 6,' and W. long. 2° 6' from Washington, is twenty-two miles north from the efflux of the river at Lake Erie, and fourteen miles south cf its outlet into Lake Ontario. The whole length of the river is therefore thirty-six miles, its general course is a few points to the west of north. Though commonly called a river, this por- tion of the St. Lawrence is, more properly speaking, a strait, connecting, as above mentioned, the Lakes Erie and Ontario, and conducting the superfluous waters of the great seas and streams above though a broad and divided, and afterward compressed, devious, and irregular channel to the latter lake, into which it empties — the point of union being about forty miles from the western extremity of Lake Ontario. " The climate of the Niagara is in the highest degree health- ful and invigorating. The atmosphere, constantly acted upon by the rushing water, the noise and the spray, is kept pure, re- freshing, and salutary. There are no stagnap+ ^oo^ ' or marshes near to send abroad their fcetid exhalations aii^. , ^ ' us mias- mas, poisoning the air and producing disease "Sweet-breathing herbs and beautiful viiu iiowers sjtrlng up spontaneously even on the sides, and in the crevices of the giant rocks ; and luxuriant clusters of firs and other stately forest trees cover the islands, crown the cliiFs, and overhang the banks of Niagara. Here are no mosquitoes to annoy, no reptiles to alarm, and no wild animals to intimidate, yet there is UTt and vivacity. The many-hued butterfly sips ambrosia xroifi ; ' c- fresh opcncd honey-cup — birds carol their lays of I'^ve among tlie spray- starred branches; and the lively squij^el skips chattering from tree to tree. Varieties of water-fowl, at CARARACT OF NIAGARA. 31 certain seasons of the year, sport among the rarids, the sea-cull play, around the prec.pico, md the eaglo-thl banner bhiof freeclom-hovers above tho cataract, plumes his ATpinions in :si;:;;:s;r^i"-^- ''- hoia.on,ti^i^rz<;? iX^iS'/? ; ""-^'^ ''' T' ''""^'y *^«-' f'-om the S impossibility of describing such a scene as this wonderful .'ubetCr*'- J^^^^^'-^^i^^ean be expressed by clTthere can be doT liif "^ ^P'^^:^'^^' ^^'^^^t idea of it ; but until that can be clone, Niagara must remain undescribed." Below the Falls, tho first objects of interest are tho Ferry Stairs and Point View on the American side ; while on the opposite side 18 a ferry and steamboat landing, where carriages are usually to be found to convey passengers to the Clifton House, Table Eock, and other places. About 30 rods below the ferry stairs is the spot where the hermit Abbot was drowned. Half a mile below the latter point is Catlin's Cave, formerly much frequented. The steamboat lauding for the Maid of the Mist is situated on the American shore two miles below the Falls and about half a mile above the Suspension Bridge. This steamer, the second boat of the same name, first commenced running as an experi- ment boat in 1813.; since then she has run annually without an accident of any kind. The first trip was made on September 18th, 184G, by Capt. H. Filkins, who with his small crew were the only persons on board, except an intrepid Canadian who was desirous of crossing the river with a horse, they both beino- safely landed on Ihe Canadian shore. ' The SvsvESBioN Bridge, the greatest artificial curiosity in America, h ituated two miles and a half below the Falls, where has recentl^v sprung into existencj JViagara City, or better known as the Smpmsiofi Bridge, on the American side, and Clifton on the Canadian aide of the rivor. bpro hmr^n. oi>^,,+ oaa leet m width, willi perpendicular banks of 325 feet. The Whir/poo/ and liapids, one mile below the Bridge, are terrific rghts of great interest, and \*ell worthy a visit. :1i 22 CATARACT OF NIAGARA. r s The DeviVs Hole, one mile farther down, is also a point of great attraction, together with the Bloody Bu?i, a small stream w]'5re a detachment of English soldiers wer^ precipitated in their flight from an attack by Indians during the old French war in 1 769. An amphitheater of high ground spread s around and perfectly incloses the valley of the Devil's Hole, with the exception of a narrow ravine formed by Bloody Run— from whi^, against a large force, there is no escape, except over the precipice. The Ice Cave is another object of interest con- nected with tlie Devil's Hole. ^ The Mapids below the Whirlpool are the next object of attrac- tion; then Queenston Heights and Brock's Monument on the Ca- nadian side, and the Suspension Bridge at Lei iston; altogether forming objects of interest sufficient to fill a well-sized volume. "^16 Niagara River is navigable fromLewiston to its mouth at Fc Niagara, a farther distance of seven miles, or fourteen belovr the Falls of Niagara. NEW STEAMER MAID OF THE MIST, This steamboat will in future stop at both the Ferry landings, on the American and Canadian shores. She is of 170 tons bur- den, propelled by a powerful engine of over 100 horse-power, built expressly for this route, furnished with Francis' Life-boats, and all the modern improvements. The Cabins, Saloons, and Promenade Deck extend over the whole boat, so that passengers will be completely protected from the spray ; now making her regular trips under the piletage of J. R. Robinson, the cele- brated navigator of the Rapids of Niagara. The pleasure trip up to the Falls would seem to require little to recommend it, as the thousands who have repeated it in the old boat can bear witness to its great attractions. The novelty, beauty, and grandeur of the scene can not be over-estimated, pasaing as the boat does, for two miles through the gorge of the Niagara, directly in front of the New Railroad Suspension Bridge, the American Fall, Lunar Island, Cave of the Winds, to "CATARACT OF NIAGARA. 23 the Great Horse-Shoe Falls and Table Kock, all of which are presented at one view to the beholder in their most sublime and imposing aspect. The boat will run daily {Sundays excepted), leaving Suspen. sionBridge Wharf morning and evening. The charge for thi Pl-easure Trip will be 60 cents. ^ Omnibuses and Carriages run from all the depots and hotels in connection with the boat. The village of Niagara Fai^i^s, Niagara Co., N. Y.. is sit- uated on the east side of Niagara River, in the immediate vi- cinity of the grand Cataract, 22 miles from Buffalo and 303 miles from Albany by railroad route. No place in the Union exceeds this favored spot as a fashionable place of resort dur- ing the summer and fall months, when hundreds of visitors may be seen every day flocking to Goat Island, or points con- tiguous the Rapids and Falls. The village contains several large hotels for the accommodation of visitors, the most noted of which are the Cataract House and the International Hotel- the Monteagle Hotel, situated two miles below the Falls, near the Suspension Bridge, and the Clifton House, on the Canada side, are nil ahke popular and well-kept hotels; there are five cnurches of different denominations ; 15 stores, in many of which are kept for sale Indian curiosities and fancy work of different fands. The water-power here afforded by the descending stream, east of Goat Island, is illimitable. A paper-mill f flouring-mill, two saw-mills, a woolen factory, a furnace a^d machme shop, together with other manufacturing establish- ments here use the water-power so bountifully supplied The population is about 3,000. ^ ^ The railroads centering at the Falls |re the Buffalo, Magara tails and Lewiston Railroad, the Mw York Central Rail- r^aa, ana the Canandaigua and JViagara Falls Railroad: the latter road connecting with the JYew York and Eric Rail road^nd forming with other roads a direct route to Phila- aelphia, Baltimore, and Washington. 24 CATARACT OF NIAGARAf ! i III ilSli An omnibus line runs hourly from the village of Nipf^ _ Falls to Niagara City, or Suspension Bridge, during the sum- mer months, and thence to the Clifton House and Table Rock ^on the Canada side, afiFording a cheap mode of visiting both sides of Niagara River. Niagara City, situated two miles below the Falls, at the SKspension Br'fge, is a new and flourishing place. Here is lo- cated the Monteagle Hotel, and other public houses, together with several stores and manufacturing establishments. DIMENSIONS OF SUSPENSION BEIDGE. Length of span from center to center of towers . 822 feet. Height of railroad track above water 250 «' Height of towers above rock on American side. . 88 " Height of towers above rock on Canada side ... . 78 " Height of towers above floor of railway •. . . 60 " Number of wire cables 4 Diameter .of each cable 10 inches. Number of wires in each cable 3,659 Weight of superstructure 750 tons. Base of towers 16 feet sq. Top of towers 8 " Depth of anchor pits below surface of* rocks. ... 30 fatv. WEIGHT OF THE MATERIALS IX THE BRIDGE. Timber of different kinds 919,130 lbs. Wrought iron and suspenders 113,120 " Castings 44,322 '* Iron rails 66,740 " Cable between towers 535,400 " Total 1,678,722 " The Great Westerti Railway of Canada, which unites with the New York Central Railroad, terminating on the American side of the river, here commences and extends westward throuf^h Hamilton, London, and Chatham to Windsor, opposite Detroit, Mich., forming one of the great throiigh Imcs of travel from Boston and New York to Chicago and the Far West. Tliis road also furnishes a speedy route of travel to Toronto, CoUingwood, etc. NIAGARA FALLS. 25 fJ78,722 " BATE OF CnARGESAT NIAGARA PALLS The following are the rate of charges usually exacted from persons v.s.ting Niagara Falls-but, unfortunatel "sit^^^^^ -e often practiced by unprincipled individuals, aftirr; Ti a.- other fashionable resorts : "^ ^nis, as well AMERICAN SIDE. Board, from one to two and a half dollars per day For services of guide, from one to three dollars thf Lr o?e tr ^ '''^'-' '-''' -' ^^-^^^ ^^^^ Cave of For crossing bridge to Goat Island, 25 cent« Fare to and from Suspension Bridge, 12| cents. Fare for crossing Suspension Bridge, 25 cents Fare to the Whirlpool, 50 cents. For use of steps or cars on Inclined Plane, 6^ cents Ferriage to Canada side, I83 cents Omnibus fare and steam ferriage to Canada side, 25 cents. CANADA SIDE. Board, from one to two and a half dollars per day. a.-o:r:r."~ -^I-.. camera Cseura..^ Heasure Carriage fore from ferry to CUfton House, Ci cents I 0™ e to Rattle Ground and visiting MonuC '25 cents Carriage fare per day, four dollars. Hver'arH" it;'r ™f*^' °' "" ^'''"=> ™ ^»"" «*3 of the Cataract. •■ * '""="°° "''"' '"'^ ^ow the mighty j7i"rif 26 BUFFALO TO LEWISTON, ETC. Lewiston, Niagarjf Co. , N. Y., is delightfully situated on the east bank of the Niagara River, seven miles below the Falls, and seven miles above the mouth of the river vrhere it falls into Lake Ontario. It is an incoi-porated village and contains about 1,000 inhabitants, four churches, an incorporated academy ; a custom-house, it being the port of entry for ^he district of Niagara; three hotels, nine stores, and three storehouses. Here is a very convenient steamboat landing, from which steamers depart daily for Oswego, Ogdensburgh, etc., on the American side, and for Toronto, Kingston, etc., on the Canadian side. The Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Lewiston Railroad ter- minates at this place, where is a magnificent Suspension Bridge thrown across the Niagara jonner ting Lewiston with Qaeenston, Canada. The mountain ridge lere rises about 300 feet above the river, forming many pictu esque and romantic points of great interest. On the Americ.m side of the river stands the site of old Fort Gray, erected d<\ring the war of 1812, while on the Canadian side are situated Queenston Heights, surmounted by a beautiful monument erected to the memory of Gen. Brock, of the British army, who was here killed in a sanguinary con- flict, October 13th, 1812. From this height a most extensive and grand view is obtained of Lake Ontario and the surround- ing country. YouNGSTowN, six milcs below Lewiston, and one mile above J old Fort Niagara at the mouth of the river, is a regular steam- boat landing. The village contains about 800 inhabitants:! three churches, two public houses, five stores, and two flouring- mills, besides other manufacturing establishments. A railroad is nearly completed, extending from this place to Niagara Falls, being a continuation of the Canandaigua and Niagara Fall? Railroad, now completed to the Suspension Bridge. A fern : plies from Youngstown to the village of Niagara on the Canada 3 side of the river, here about half a mile in width. This is thei first landing, on the American side of the river, after leavingi the broad waters of Lake Ontario LAKE ONTAHIO. 27 LAKE OSTAEIO. Tma Lake, the most eastern of the great chain of Lakes of North An>er,ca receives the surplus waters of Niagara" t .s 190 maes in length, and 00 miles in extreme breadl-' bemg about 480 miles in circumference. The boundary bne between the British Possessions and the United^ through the middle of the lake, and so cont^rd!::™ The lake is navigable throughout its whole extent for vessels of the argest size; and it is said to be in some places u^w rf of 000 feet m depth. Its surface is elevated 234 feet above the Atlanhc. and lies 880 feet lower than Lake Erie, with wUch il I Zra tt'h ''Tr- ''''" "-O "^ '"^ Wellanl^m^ ; m Canada. It has also been proposed to construct a ship canal on the Amencan side. The trade of Lake Ontario fromThe great extent of inhabited country surrounding it, i very co' s.derable, and is rapidly increasing. Many sai velu Z blend.d steamers are employed in navigatingVs wa^s whicl lowmg to its great depth, never freezes, ezcent at Tt T Where the water is shallow ; so that its n'a Xt lot t7 dually .nterrupted by ice as some of the other rre,rkf' The mos .mportant places on the Canadian or British side of Ut. Harb^oX cLreTpoft eir alir' jiston on Niagara lliver Thi«, u^r. • ^^nesee, and Lew- gable waters'of th'^^dso^vraLTthTo '"' "^ lErie canals. It receives numerous "rZ both Z "th vanetyof fish of an excellent flavor. The bass anrt »„,,.!. f' P..ucumr, have a high reputation, and are takenTn'l?. be picture^ue waters of the Bay of Q„intr "'"'"' """ ; t ! I r If I 28 LAKE ONTARIO. The passage across Lake Ontario in calm weather is most agreeable. At times both shores are hidden from vie-w, when nothing can be seen from the deck of the vessel but an abyss of waters. The refractions which sometimes take place in summer, are exceedingly beautiful. Islands and trees appear turned upside down ; and the white surf of the beach, trans- lated aloft, seems like the smoke of artillery blazing away from a fort* * Bbatttipfl Mirage.— That grand phenomenon occasionally witnessed on the Lakes— mirage— was seen from the steamer Bay State, on a recent trip from Niagara to Genesee Kiver (August, 1S56), with more than or dinary splendor. The Lockport Jouriial says it occurred just as the sun Avas sotting, at which time some twelve vessels were seen reflected on the horizon, in an inverted position, with a distinctness and vividness truly surprising. The atmosphere was overcast with a thick haze such as pre cedes a storm, and of a color favorable to represent upon the darkened background, vividly, the full outlines of the rigging, sails, etc., as perfect as if the ships themselves were actually transformed to the aerial canvas. The unusual phenomenon lasted until darkness put an end to the scene. ROUTE ABOUND LAKE ONTARIO. Miles. Kingston, C. W., to Toronto, via Grand Trunk Railway . 160 Toronto to Hamilton, C. W., Toronto and Hamilton R.R. 38 Hamilton to Suspension Bridge, via Great Western R.R. . 48 Suspension Bridge to Rochester, N. Y., via ^. Y. Cetitral Railway 76 Rochester to Oswego, N. Y., by stage 70 Oswego to Richliuid, N. Y., " 35 Richland to Cape Vincent, via Watertown and Rome R.R. 65 Cape Vincent to Kingston, C. W., via Wolfe Island 12 Total Miles 489 NoTF.— The extren^j length of L. Ontario is 190 miles, from Cape Vincent to Hamilton, C. W. ; being about four times as long as its greatest width. The circuit of the water is esti- mated at 480 miles. See Lake Erie, ntiffe 163. STEAMBOAT ROUTES. 29 AMERICAN STEAMBOAT ROUTE FROM LEWISTON TO OSWEGO, KINGSTON, AND 0GDEN8BURGH. Porta, etc. Miles. 6 1-7 Lewistokt Youngstown J^lagara, Can Charlotte^ or Port Genesee 80-87 PultneyvWe 20-107 Sodus Point 10-117 Oswego 30-147 Stoney Point and Island 33-180 Porta, etc. Miles. Ogdeivsburgh Morristown H Brockville, Can 1-12 Thousand Islands. . . Alejcandria Bay. 22-34 Clayton, or French (^reek 12-46 Grandj or Wolfe Island Kingston, Can 24-70 Sackefs Harbor 12-192 Sacked s Harbor. . . 38-108 Grand, or ^rolfe Mand 28-220 Stoney Point and Island 12-]20 Kingston, Can 10-230 Oswego 33.153 Thousand Islands. . . Sodus Point 30-183 Clayto7i, or French Pultneymlle 10-193 ^""'^^ 24-254 Charlotte, or Port Mcxandria Bay . . . . 12-266 Genesee.... 20-213 Brockville, Can 22-288 JViagara, Can. . 80-293 Morristown 1-289 Youngstown... I-994 Ogdensburgh 11-300 Lewiston 6-300 Usual Time from Lewiston to Ogdensburgh, via Oswego and Kingston, 28 hours. Usual Time, via Toronto and Cape Vincent, 22 hours Cabin Fare, $5 50 (including meals). Deck Fare, $2 60. STEAMBOAT ROUTE FROM LEWISTON TO TORONTO AND OGDENSBURGH, ma EXPRESS LINE. ^'''•'3, etc. Miles. Ports, etc. Ogdensburgh , , . . . Brockville, Can, Clayton, or French ^ ^!;^^^ 34-45 Oape Vincent 13-68 Tibbet's Point 3_6l Miles. Lewiston q Niagara 7 Toronto, Can 42-49 Point Peter and Light 1 28-177 Duck Island 30-207 Tibbet's Point and L. 19-226 Miles. 11 30 STEAMBOAT ROUTES. Miles. 3-229 Ports, etc. Cape Vincent Clayton, or French ' Creek 13-242 Brockville, Can 34-276 Ogdensburgh 11-297 Ports, etc. Miles. Duck Island 19-80 Point Peter and Light 30-1 10 Toronto 128-238 Niagara 42-280 Lewiston 7-287 Usual Fare, from Ogdensburgh to Montreal, $3 60 Through Fare, from Lewiston to Montreal, 9 00 from Bufifalo to Montreal, 10 00 (( AMERICAN STEAMEES. ONTAEIO AND ST. LAWRENCE STEAMBOAT COMPANY'S OFFICE, OSWEGO, N. Y. E. B. Allen, Pres., Ogdensburgh. Jas. Van Cleve, Sec. and Treas , Lewiston. Steamer Bay State, 1,098 tons Capt. John Ledyard. " New York, 1,200 « « KB. Chapman. " Northerner, 905 " « R. F. Child. " Cataract, 677 " " Jas. R. Ester. " Niagara, 473 " " John Morley. " Ontario, 832 " " H. N. Throop. One of the above steamers leaves Lewiston daily for Charlotte, Oswego, Sacket's Harbor, Kingston, and Ogdensburgh, returning by the way of Cape Vincent, Toronto, etc., to Lewiston. A steamer of the same line also leaves Lewiston daily for Toronto, Cape Vincent, and Ogdensbui'gh, returning by the way of Sacket's Harbor, Oswego, Charlotte, etc., to Lewiston, con- necting with cars running to Niagara Falls, Buffalo, etc. ST. LxlWRENOE RIVER STEAMERS, EtJNNING IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE BOATS, FORMING A THEOtTGH LINE TO MONTEBAL. Steamer British Queen, 300 tons Capt. A. Cameron. " Jenny Lind, 300 " « L. Moody. " Montreal, 300 " " John Laflame. One of the above steamers leaves Offdensbursrh. dailv. du.Mncr the sousoii of navigation, for Montreal, passing by da-^ light through the Rapids of the St. Lawrence, returning through the Canals. i!| ,iiai !' Miles. . . . 19-80 ight 30-110 ... 128-238 . . . 42-280 . . . 7-287 , $8 60 9 00 10 00 , OSWEGO, N, Y. tl. n. in Ledyard. B. Chapman. F. Child. !. R. Ester, in Morley. N. Throop. •r Charlotte, h, returning 3ton. 3n daily for ; by the way viston, con- , etc. G A THKOtTGH Cameron. Moody, hn Laflame. ailv. du.Mncr by da-^ light through the • ^ P5 pi^ 33 TRIP FROM LEWISTON TO OSWEGO, ELXGSTOiX, AND onnRv^iuTiN!!! AND OGDEXSnuilGlI. DuniNo the season of navigation, steamers of a large class, belonging to the Ontario and St. Lawrence Steamboat Com- paru/, leave Lewiston daily, following the south or American .shore to the foot of Lake Ontario, and thence to Ogdensburgh, on the St. Lawrence River, On leaving the whart at Lowiston, a most beautiful and ex- tensive view is afforded of Niagara River, the lower Suspension Rndgo, Brock's Monument on Queenston Heights, and the vil- Inges of Lewiston and Queenston, with the Mountain Ridge in tl)e background. When are associated the stirring historical events connected with this vicinity, no spot exceeds it in interest. The banks of the river are here elevated from 40 to 50 feet witli bold shores, while the water rushes onward into Lake Ontario, the receptacle of all the waters of the Upper Lakes. Fort Niagara, seven miles below Lewiston, lying on the American shore at the mouth of the Niagara River, is well 5vorthy of a visit in connection with the ruins of Fort ' Georcrc on the Canadian shore, near the village of Niagara. In 1679 ' M. De Salle, the explorer of the Mississippi, in the service of France, inclosed the spot on which the fort was here built in 1 / 25, by palisades. In 1759 it was taken by the British, under Sir William Johnson, in whose hands it remained until 1796 when It was evncuated and given up to the United States. On the 19th of December, 1813, it was again taken by the British by surprise; and in March, 1815, again surrendered to the Americans. This old fort is as much noted for being the theater of tyranny and crime as fnr tho o^or.oa ^f -.n^^-, - -. .. . - -- — •■••,. .v^ vi mixuaij exploits. While m the hands of the French, there is no doubt of its hav- ing been at times used as a prison. In its close and impreg- nable dungeons, where light was not admitted, for many yeai-s |. s- 34 LEWI8T0N TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBUROH. there remained clear traces of the rea.ly instruments for exe- cution or for murder. During the war of the Revolution it was the head-quarters of all that was barbarous and unrelenting and cruel ; this being the chief rendezvous of a savage horde that carried death and destruction into the remote American settlements. Of late years, the abduction of William Morgan, who was taken from the jail in Canandaigua, and conveyed more than 100 miles through a populous country, and lodged in the magazine at Fort Niagara, where he was kept three or four days, and then inhumanly drowned— has justly tended to continue its reputation for being the scene of tyranny and murder. On passing out of the mouth of the Niagara River, and reach- ing the broad waters of Lake Ontario, a deeply interesting view is afforded of the town of Niagara and Fort Niagara, situated on opposite sides of the river, while in the distance may be seen Brock's Monument, rising nearly 500 feet above the waters of the lake, being eight or ton miles distant. The steamer now pursues an easterly course in running for Charlotte, or Port Genesee, 80 miles from the mouth of Niagara River. The shores of the lake of a clear day are generally in sight, presenting an elevated and bold appearance for many miles. Eighteen Mile Creek, Thirty Mile Creek, and Oak Orchard River are passed in succession ; at the mouth of each there are harbors and small settlements. Braddock's Point is a bold headland ten miles west of the mouth of the Genesee River. Charlotte, or Port Genesee, 80 miles from the mouth of Niagara River, and 60 miles west from Oswego, is situated at the mouth of Genesee River, seven miles by railroad below the city of Rochester, it being the outport for that place. It is a port of entry, possessing a safe harbor, being protected by two long government piers, on one of which is located a light ; there is also a light-house on the mainland. The village contains about 400 inhabitants, two churches, three hotels, four stores, four warehouses, one steam elevator, one steam saw-mill, and LEWISTON TO OSWKQO AND OODENSBURGH. 35 an extensive brick-yard. American and British steamers run direct from Charlotte to Cobourg. Port Hope. Toronto, etc . on the Canada side of the lake ; also to Oswego. Sacket's Harbor. etc., on the American side, all connecting at Charlotte with railroad cars for Rochester. The Falls of the Genesee, near Rochester, are well worthy attention. The banks of the river immediately above Charlotte rise from 50 to 150 feet in height, presenting a fine appearance The river is navigable for five or six miles to the first fall at Carthage, within the city bounds of Rochester; then other falls occur, the principal and most interesting being near the center of the city, it extending on both sides of the stream. The water-power here aflForded is very great, being used to a great extent in propelling flour-mills, saw-mills, etc. Oexesee River, a deeply interesting and romantic stream rises in Potter Co., Pa., on the great table-land of Western Pennsylvania, interlocking with some of the head sources of the Alleghany and wdst branch of the Susquehanna R.ver; it then pursues a north course to the Now York State line, thence through the county of Allegany ; then by many short turnin-s through the rich and fertile valley of the Genesee, which e^^ tends through Monroe County, where it falls into Lake Ontario six miles below the city of Rochester. Its whole course is about 145 miles. Near its mouth, within the present city Umits of Rochester, are two or three important falls, known as the Genesee Falls ; within the distance of three miles there being an estimated descent of 226 feet; the great falls at Rochester are 96 feet, at Carthage 75, an intermediate one of 20, and the rest, rapids or small falls; altogether aflFording an immense amount of hydraulic power, which is used to a great extent, particularly at the Upper Falls, in propelling flouring-mills, and different kinds of manufacturing estabUshments. From the landing at Carthasre. whioh r»nnflfif«i^aa o «o^* ^f ai-_ .-^^ Of Rochester, there is a steamboat navigation to Charlotte, or Port Genesee, a distance of four miles, where is a good harbor communicating with Lake Ontario. From the head of the I '1 !• 36 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBURGi rapids Jibove Rochester it is navigable during high water for a considerable distance, passing through a rich and interestin<> region of country, celebrated for its fertility. This stream now uonsiitrutes the main feeder of the Genesee Valley Canal, which runs parallel to it for the greater part of its length through the State. There are also important falls on this river, both in AJlegany and Livingston counties, where are to be found some of its most interesting features. In the town of Portage, Alle- gany Co., '• there are three distinct falls on the river, respec- tively 60, 90, and 110 feet, within the space of two miles, each differing in character, and each having peculiar beauties. Although the cascades are highly admirable, they are almost disregarded in the wonder and fear caused by the stupendous, perpendicular walls of the river, rising to 400 feet in height, and extending along the stream for three miles, with almost a& much regularity as if constructed by art. To this great depth the river has worn its bed in the solid rock, in turns as short and graceful as if windhig through the softest meadow." After leaving Charlotte for Oswego the steamer passes Pult- neyviUe (occasionally stopping). Great Sodus Bay and Little Sodus Bay, running within sight of the south shore ; the lake here presenting an irregular coast-line. Great Sodus Bay is a fine sheet of water, affording a secure harbor for lake craft, being from one to three miles wide and five miles long. The fishing is here good, as well as in all the bays along the south shore of the lake. Sonus Point, Wayne Co., N. Y., situated at the entrance of Great Sodus Bay, is a port of entry, with a good harbor, and contains a church, a public house, two stores, a steam saw-mill, and about 300 inhabitants. Little Sodus Bay, 14 miles east of Great Sodus, is another important body of water. " At Little Sodus, in high winds, vessels can often come within the protection of Long Point on one Bide, and the protecting shores west, between it and Big Sodus, and ride out the storm in the indented shore of the lake, and can, when the improvements to Little Sodus harbor are 3re ; the lake LEWISrON TO OSWEGO AND OQDENSBUHOH. 37 completed, enter the bay with eaae, and take refuge theret Th fact gives great advantages to Little Sodas Bay. as it makes it accessible at all times." The City of Oswego. 36 miles north of Syracuse by railroad .s advantageously situated on both sides of Oswego River, at entrance into Lake Ontario. It is a port of enlry, was Ir ered in 1848, being divided into four wards. In C t cI ained C.OOO inhabitants. 1,500 dwelling-houses, two PresC- tenan two Episcopal, two Baptist, two Methodist, two Roman Ca h be, one Universalist, and one African church, besides a Bethel congregation; a court-house and jail, a custom-house, four banking houses, two savings' banks; a gas eompany, a female semmary, and orphan asylum. There are several well- eaft rid tf ',h '""S^Hr" -^ *»« H-i'ton House on the east side of the river, and the Niagara House on the west side are the most frequented by pleasure travelers. The Pardee House 18 a new and commodious hotel which is nearly com Cmn" °° *"' """' "'° °' *'" '''■"'' »'"' ""= ^'*t The Oswego and Syracuse Railroad, 86 miles in length, con- nect this place with the Central Railroad of New YoA. whl another railroad is being constructed on the east .,ldeof th Oswego River, to run to Syracuse and connect with the Syra cuse and Bmghamton Railroad, thus forming another Wt route to the cities of New York and Philadelphia, and he cTa region of Pennsylvania. The Oswego Canal also connects with for trade and commerce, m connection with the lake naviga- tion and water privilege. Here are now in operation 15 flour- ns.m.„s, with 84 ™ of stones, m.aking 8.400 barrels of flour -000,, OO bushels. These huge edifices are so ar™„„„,, .. .. unload and load vessels with great dispatch """ "° " The Ostoego Starch Factor;,, owned by an incorporated body, was erected in 1848, since which large additions have been i i r 1 1 i 38 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBURQII. P'l'ill': ;i .1 . made. Tho entire front of the building is now 510 feet, five Btories high, extending back over the river 250 feet ; it is capa- ble of manufacturing twelve millions pounds of corn starch per year, consuming some 000,000 bushels of corn for the purpose, and giving employment to JJOO persons. In addition to the above are two steam-engine and machine works, two iron and brass foundries, one cotton-mill, besides several other mills and factories. The quantity of water flowing in the Oswego River at ordin- ary high water is 700,000 cubic feet per minute, at low water 200,000, Pall at the two lower dams in the city, 86 feet, affording altogether an immense and reliable water-power. The number of vessels which arrive and depart annually from this port is very large; there being here owned eight steamers and propellers and about ICO schooners, averaging ' 7er 100 toi s burden, besides a large number of canal boats. The harbor is capacious and safe, being well protected by two large stone piers, constructed by the United States government. On the end of the west pier is situated a light-house ; about half a mile above are two bridges extending across the river, COO feet in length. An extensive forwarding business is done at this place by means of lake, river, and canal navigation ; goods passing through from New Yor'- to Oswego, and thence over the Collingwood route, or through the Welland Canal to the Upper Lakes. Oswego now ranks as one of the greatest grain markets in the world, and will no doubt continue to increase with the growth ami production of the Western States and Canada The lumber trade is also very great, immense quantities being shipped from Canada to this port, and re-shipped to Eastern markets. The impulse imparted to the commerce of Osvrego by the late Reciprocity Treaty, which went into force October, 1854, is very great, as will be seen by the foiiowing returns made from official figures : LEWISTON TO OSWEn.i .v„ "»»Koo,AM) .KiiJKxsriiiriOd. 39 Value of Foreign Import,,... s^'smors „. "^■ , <>,ll^S -ioubled in :; tat "ear rl^," "'* "^"^"^ "^"'^ m The Ostcego and Syracuse Railroad, 35 miles in lono-fK Un^n T Tn ''"•' °™^S0 daily for Saoto^a Harbor ^ngston, Canada, Ojrdenqhiiro.1, «*^ • x, ""-ruor, ^rrWal of the cars f^TT^ ' "'' *^' "''''^^"^' ^° *^« tne cars from Syracuse; v Mle in the afternoon a 40 LEWISTON TO OSWJ£Gi> AND OODENSBURGH. steamer leaves for Rochester, Lewiston, etc., running up the lake. Passengers passing through Oswego are afforded a hasty glance of the city, the harbor, and Fort Ontario, the latter being located on the east shore of the river at its entrance into Lake Ontario. DISTANCES AND FARE BETWEEN SYRACUSE AND NIAGARA FALLS, via OSWEGO AND LEWISTON. Stopping Places. Miles. Fare. Syracuse Oswego 35 $1 00 Pultneyville 75 — Charlotte, or Port Genesee 100 — Niagara, C.W... 174 — Lewiston 182 — Niagara Falls . . 188 4 00 Slopping Places. Miles. Fare. Niagara Falls. . Lewiston 6 $0 50 Niagara, C.W... . 14 — Charlotte, or Port Genesee. ..... 88 — Pultneyville .113 — Oswego 153 — Syracuse 188 4 00 On resuming the trip from Oswego to Sacket's Harbor, the steamer runs in a northerly direction off Mexico Bay, being a large expanse of water at the east end of Lake Ontario, whei'e lies Port Ontario, at the mouth of Salmon River. On this stream is situated one of the most romantic falls in the country. Salmon River rises in Lewis Co., and flows west through Oswego Co. into Lake Ontario; discharging its waters into Mexico Bay, at the village of Port Ontario. This is a fine and durable stream, having a tolerably good harbor at its mouth, and is beatable during high water to the Falls in Orwell, a dis- tance of 14 miles. " The Falls of Salmon River may be classed among the principal natural curiosities of the country. The current is gentle above for six or more miles, then two miles of rapids, and at the falls drops almost perpendicular 107 feet. At high water the sheet is 250 feet in width, but at low water it is narrowed down to about half that extent. The rooky strata seem to be composed of slate stone and granite, or gneiss, and the height of the banks immediately above the fall is variously estimated at from 70 to 90 feet ; below it is said [) NIAGARA LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBURGH. 41 that Uie waUs, perpendicular rock, are about 200 feet. At the foot of the cataract there is very deep water, abounding in fine fish, such as salmon, trout, etc." Great Ston.v I,x.an„ and other islands are passed as the steamer approaches Black River Bay, which afi^ords the most capaoous and safe harbor on Lake Ontario. Here enters Black R.v«-, an important stream, which rises many miles to the east- ward anterloctang with the waters of the Mohawk and other tributaries of the Hudson River. SACK.rt Harbor, 45 miles north of Oswego, and distant 38 miles from Kingston, Canada, possesses one of the best and most secure harbors on Lake Ontario, being situated on Black Hmer Bay, ten miles below Watertown, with which place it is soon to be connected by a railroad. It was an important naval and mihta^ station during the war of 1812, with Great Britain ; it being the rendezvous of the American fleet on Lake Ontario. Here now lies a large war vessel under cover, which was commenced at the above period. Madison Barrack,, gar- n^ned by United States troops, is handsomely situated Lr the steamboat landing, being in full view from the water. Ihis place IS an important port of entry, and no doubt destined facihties The viUage now contains fov churches, two hotels, tw»ty stores, four storehouses, a ship-yard and rope-walk, three saw-mills, two furnaces, an iron foundry and machine-shop. The Sackc, , Harbor and Eltisburgh Railroad, 18 miles in length, connects with the Watertown and Rome Railroad fhi!.""'' ^"'?'.'° """"^ ^""^ *° <''"<" °f i** ™te'-. i8 the thu-d m magnitude that has its whole course in the State of New York Its whole course is about 120 miles, and is navigable from the High Falls in Leyden. where it has a fall of 63 feet, to the Long Falls at Carthage, a distance of 40 miles • thence, hv n. flnn/.ao«;^„ ^* ...^ f - .. . "lues, • -"■ ™xv« ui rapiua ana laiia, it continues a cir- cuitous route until it empties into Black River Bay, near the Z\l """'r"- '* " ^ '^^P' «^"^«'«^ «*--' ^-t the navigation is much obstructed by falls ; aflFording, however, fine ?M hi 42 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBUKGH. Hi 1"' water-poWer. The land on the borders of the lower part of the river is very fertile and thickly settled ; JeiFerson County— and the vicinity of Watertown in particular, where is a good water power — is justly celebrated for its agricultural products. Chaumont Bay, situated north of Sacket's Harbor at Black River Bay, is a large body of water abounding in fish of several kinds and fine flavor ; here beir-^ extensive fisheries, where are annually taken large quantities .•■ sh. The trip across the foot of Lake OAtario from Sacket's Harbor to Kingston, Can., 38 miles, is a very interesting excursion during pleasant weather. Here may be seen beautiful headlands and several picturesque islands; the fox and Grenadier islands are passed before reaching Grand or Wolfe Island, attached to Canada. This latter island, situated in the St. Lawrence River, at the foot of Lake Ontario, is a large and fertile body of land, being settled by Canadians. Cape Vincent, Jeflferson Co., N. Y., is situated at the head of the St. Lawrence River, where terminates the Watertown and Borne Railroad, and is a port of entry. It contains about 1 ,100 inhabitants, four churches, five hotels and taverns, ten stores, and an extensive storehouse connected with the railroad ; one steam grist-mill, one foundry and machine-shop, one steam planing-mill, and a ship-yard. Steamers arrive and depart daily for diiferent ports on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. A steamer also leaves Cape Vincent twice daily for Kingston, Canada, during navigation ; while in winter, stages run across the ice to Grand or Wolfe Island, and thence to Kingston, distant 12 miles by direct route. Cape Vincent is a healthy and pleasant location, being much resorted to in warm weather by fishing and pleasure parties, being contigu- ous to the *' Thousand Islands.*' Clayton, or French Creek, 18 miles below Cape Vincent, lies opposite Grindstone Island, attached to the State of New York. The village contains three churches, two public houses,ten stores, • and a foundry and machine-shop. Here is an extensive ship- yard for the construction of steamers and other lake craft. LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBURGH. 43 The BWc River and Utica Railroad, when completed will extend to Clayton, a distance of 109 miles from Utic! Alexandhia Bay, 12 miles below Clayton, is fayorablv ^tuated on .he southeast shore of the St. Lawrence, inT'm med,a v.cn.ty of the greatest cluster of the Thousand Islands. The ullage c„nta,„s one Presbyterian church, two good hotels I w miir::r"'"T "' r"™" ™""™' '"- «'°-- " ^^^ on th!st' """"i'' "'"' '"°"' ''•' inhabitants. No place of ct!; 7"T " '"'^''' *" "°""y '»' "' ^"l^brity of cUmate an,, picturesque water scenery. The islands here! atoos innumerable, are annually resorted to by visitors from almost every „„cl.on of the country for health, and to enjoy the pleasure of fi.sl,i„g and hunting. ^^ WeWs Island is settled by some 20 or 30 famiUes, and is no doubt, destined to become a favorite resort, as a hoW is prol JO ted, to be located near the foot of this lovely island MoR,„.row„,, N. r., 11 „,iios above Ogdensburgh, Ues sTeamers Th Z " ""'"'' "'■'^"'S-P'''<'« ^or the American steamers. 1 he village contains two churches, two taverns three stores, and about 850 inhabitants OGDE^sBunGH, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., is advanta<.eously ^toW a the mouth of the Oswegatchie Riverwhere it Tn^to mto the St. Lawrence. It was first incorporated as a village in houl ™"T'r' """"* ^'"* '-^^Wtants. 1.000 dwelling. andToLToT. , T"^"'- P'^^'^y'""''''. ^<^VUU. Methodist. andEomanCathohc chureh-and a 0niversalist congregation- custrr"'"""'- "t"^' '""^ •"""-• '- -»-- offi-T^ custom-house S.X public houses, 100 stores of different kinds. The Oswegatchie River here furnishes an abundance of watj power, where are situated one woolen factory, two uouring-mms mills and two furnaces, a ahm-vor.^ o„.i .• ., ^ ^° Place is Situated near the 7;ot-.;fs^;;::;;ra«rr;heT Montreal. 120 miles, ascending through the St. Lawrence canals 44 LEWISTON TO OSWEGO AND OGDENSBUROH. Two daily lines of steamers leave Ogdensburgh for Cape Vincent, Kingston, Oswego Toronto, Lewiston, etc., while two daily lines leave Ogdensburgh or Prescott for Montreal, etc. Two steam ferry-boats run across the St. Lawrence, here one mile and a half wide, to Prescott, forming a close connection between tho two shores. The JVorthern Railroad extends from Ogdensburgh easterly to Rouse's Point, N. Y., 118 miles, connecting with steamers and railroads extending to Boston and New York. A railroad is also projected to extend from Ogdensburgh and form a junction with the Potsdam and Walertown Railroad. Propellers and lake craft annually deposit an immense amount of Western produce, to be carried forward by railroads to East- ern markets. As a stopping-place for pleasure travelers, Og- densburgh stands unrivaled, having the Thousand Islands above and the magnificent Rapids of the St. Lawrence below. Passen- gers are here usually transferred from the floating palaces of Lake Ontario to the equally safe but smaller st- ^mers which run the Rapids to Montreal. The A^orthern Transportation Com. has here its principal office for the trans-shipment of produce and merchandise going East and West. This company owns 15 propellers, of about 3oO tons burden, running from Ogdensburgh and Oswego to CleveLand, Toledo, Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago, etc. This lino aflfords a cheap and speedy route of travel for travelers and emigrants. The Oswegatchie River, which empties into the St. Lawrence at Ogdensburgh, is the outlet of Black Lake, lying in the county of St. Lawrence. The lake and river are navigable for about 25 miles, to within four miles of Ogdensburgh. At the mouth of this river, now a part of the village of Ogdensburgh, an early settlement was made by the French, and fortifications erected, all of which have gone to decay. The Trip from Kingston to Ogdensburgh and Montreal is de- scribed in another part of this work, following the Canadian route from TTamilfnn nmi Tn^nnf^ +r. tr;».„„* — t> x^ _^ i ^ •■•-' '■--' -i-i-iiigoLUii, X lUBuuLi, aim Montreal, For further information, see advertisements of Lake Ontario and River St. Lawrence Steamers. 45 TRIP FRO^f NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO TOROxNTO AND KINGSTON, CANADA. scuLi, anu American and Canadian steamers leave Lewiston, or Niagara, C. W., daily for Toronto, 40 miles from the mouth of Niagara River, connecting with railroad cars from Buffalo and Niagara Falls, running on both sides of the river. A Canadian steamer also leaves Port Dalhousie daily for Toronto, connecting at St. Catherine's with cars on the Great Western Railway, altogether affording great facilities both in summer and winter to resort to the capital of Canada. On leaving the mouth of Niagara River, the steamer pursues a N.W. course direct for Toronto, having, on a clear day, land constantly in sight from the deck of the steamer. Nothing can exceed the pleasure of this trip during pleasant weaUier. Usually may be seen propellers and su..ing vessels on their way to or from Port Dalhousie, the mouth of the Welland Canal, a magmficent work, of which the Canadians are justly proud. Port Dalhousie, 12 miles west of the mouth of Niagara River, and distant 38 miles from Toronto, is a small village situated at the terminus of the Welland Canal, four miles below St. Catherine's, with which place it is connected hy the Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railroad, five miles in length, connect- ing with the Great Western Railway. The Welland Canal, 28 miles in length, connecting Lake Lrie with Lake Ontario, and overcoming the Falls of Niagara, IS a work alike beneficial to the commercial interests of the United States and Canada, the former paying by far the greatest amount of tolls. The number of locks are 27, being 150 feet in i^-a- anv^ ^u^- fuut wiae. Xiie total rise is 880 feet The depth of water is 8^ feet, the canal being 45 feet wide at bot- om and 81 feet at the surface. The feeder branch, from June- tion to Dunnville, is 21 miles long. The Broad Creek branch 46 -NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGST<,K, ETC. railroad route is ^W^„, , """'' '^'°'" ""milton by This town is a BlacL ° " "^' '""™»' "f "'^'er-power. be.. s„rr:::;r.:r:ic:t::re::nrr' Hero is a mineral fountain called LT,. °'"""''^- several large and ^011.^^,^^:" '^"''" '"^° invalids and seekers of pleasur 4 T ''"°'»"°<'»«°» ot the Spring, and the Welland r!' , '''°""' "<"'^«> "«»«• pleasure trkveJs ' "" *''' "'°'' ^^^l^ented by taste and aoti^etual to IV l? T' ""''"^'' " '^^'^ «' or the United States ft. '^ " °^"' "''' '" C™"'Ia to invalids a. ifrCsentelbr ?'"''™^^ *^ ''-^fi™' beneaeial effectsi™ ::,rdltM ^^ ^^^^■'»«' *"»'' water^g-plaoe during the s« Jr rntts^-^ -^ S'" situated on the' anTl™ "™ ^"""^ '° '"^ '^"'"-'•ouae: ita?e:uHa^nttur:r::rtmria: '?'"''^"'=^' P"^"-""''' ton Bay, at the extreme west end 0^.^' '^'"^ »» ^^-'-g- last fire „r six years raridVvT . "'"'™' ^""^ ^"'»i» the But a few ^^oTZTtrZ^^T'^' "" °""'''"- which now stands the crowdl^ P^«««J »;™y since the site on its elegant residen o Hslltf ,' T '*' ''^'^'^ '<"«««' »" factories teeming w^:; rtXtttM! ^"^ """^^ ""^ forest, the residence „„^ !,„_.,__''' ""'"'y- "as a dense not many years ag^ ^i^:^:^,^,:'.^ j^' " - -pon their bosom magni«cenVsteam"J:^L''^;::? now N, ETC. ike Erie, is 1 J !*e cost of the currency, or by water, 11 Hamilton by e line of the water-power. f importance, of country. JVell," also modation of House, near equented by several fine a degree of J in Canada ts beneficial ienced their a popular " Well" is t in depth ; •ath-house, sition, and n Burling- within the numbers. 'e site on lifices and aarts and 3 a dense • It was ly, which s'essels of NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINQSTOX, ETC. 47 every grade, bringing to our port the treasures of other lands and convoying to Eastern markets the products of the West' were calm and unruffled, save when the red man launched his barque upon the blue expanse, or when lashed into fury by the angry tempest. J Jf ^ HamiUon was first laid out in the year 1813, during the war .nth the Lnued States, but for many years it progressed but slowly m population and importance. By the census of 1841 Jt numbered 3,446 inhabitants. During the succeeding four years the population nearly doubled, and by the census of 1851 the numbers had increased to 10,248. From that period to the present tl^e city has progressed with almost unexampled rapid- ity for Canada. The commencement and completion of tha Great ^Vestern Jlailway gave an impetus to all kinds of busi- ness. New streets were opened, and handsome edifices spr-nir i.p as If by magic in all parts of the city, as well as the more humble edifices. The population is now (1856) estimated at ^o,U00, the wealth having increased in greater proportion By the following amounts of assessment of real and personal property during the past six years, it will be seen the value has more than trebled, and since 1852-three years-nearlv doubled : "^ Valuation in 1850 £61 574 1851.... 94,259 1852.... 105,349 The city is governed by a mayor and board of aldermen and councilors, together with a police department. The pubHc buildings are a city hall, city hospital, post-office bailding twenty churches of different denominations, five banks, and a mechanics' institute. A new cu.tom-honse and market build- mg are about being erected, botli on a large scale and in a durable style of architecture. The principal hotels are the Anglo- American, Kin^ StrP*»t and City Hotel, James Street. Steamers of a large class run from Hamilton to Toronto, Kingston, and other ports on both sides of Lake Ontario, afford- Valuation in 1853. . .£134,358 1854... 156,926 1855... 190,479 ' / ' i t 48 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO niNGSTON, ETC. ing a speedy and delightful mode of conveyance, not only through the lakes, but down the St. Lawrence River to Prescott, Ogdensburgh, and Montreal. For description of railroad route to Detroit, see page 150. Wellingtoiv Square, seven miles below Hamilton, is a place of some importance, it being the outport for Hamilton during the winter months, when the lake is obstructed by ice. Bronte, 13 miles below Hamilton, is a small village con- taining about 400 inhabitants. Here are two public houses, two churches, a grist-mill, a cloth factory, and several lumber yards. Oakville, 19 miles from Hamilton, and about the same dis- tance from Toronto, is a place of considerable business, havino- a good harbor. It contains about 1 ,000 inhabitants ; four churches, several public houses and stores ; a foundry, and other manu- facturing establishments. The country in the rear is healthy and productive, being drained by several fine streams. Port Credit, 12 miles from Toronto, is a large shipping port for produce of different kinds. It is situated at the mouth of River Credit, here flowing into Lake Ontario. It was once a favorite resort of the Indians, receiving its name, in early times, from the circumstance of the fur traders here meeting the Indians, and delivering to them on credit their goods, for which the following year they received their value in furs. TOEONTO. The City of xoronto, and capital of Canada, is favorably situated on Toronto Bay, in 43° 32' N. lat.,and 79° 20' W. long, from Greenwich. It is 40 miles N.E. Hamilton, IGO W. from Kingston, 333 from Montreal, and 413 from Quebec by railroad route. The bay is a beautiful sheet of water, about 4 miles long and 2 miles wide, separated from the main body of Lake Ontario, except at its entrance, by a long, narrow strln of sandv beach, the southwest termination of which is known as Gibral- tar Point, on which is located a light-honse. , ETC. Je, not only • to Prescott, lilroad route oiilton, is a )r Hamilton ited by ice. village con- houses, two sral lumber le same dis- ss, having a ir churches, ther manu- ? is healthy as. ge shipping b the mouth was once a e, in early jre meeting r goods, for n furs. i favorably 79^ 20' W. ;on, 160 W. Qnebec by er, about 4 odyof Lake in of sandv L as Gibral- NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 49 " Toronto signifies, in the Indian language, a place of meet- mg. In 1793 , when surveyed by the elder Bouchette. under the orders of Gov. Simcoe, two Massasauga families were the only inhabitants it contained, and the harbor was a resort for numer- ous wild fowl, while its waters produced an abund nee offish » It was incorporated as a city in 1834, when it contained 9,254 inhabitants. In 1842 it had increased to 15,436 ; in 1852 to 30,763 ; and in 1866, to over 50,000. It is laid out with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The esplanade fronting the bay extends for a distance of two miles. , > city w Ughted with gas, and is well supplied with pure t. .• by companies incorporated for those purposes. The principal pubHc buildings are the Parliament House, the University of Toronto, Trinity College, Upper Canada College, the Lunatic Asylum, the Custom House, the Post Office, St James' Church (the English cathedral), and the Roman Cath- oho Cathedral; besides which there are a great number of churches of diflferent denominations. The Bank of Upper Canada has its head office here, and there are other banks and agencies • also several Fire and Marine Insurance Companies. This is the' principal office of the Canada Land Company, which has nearly two milUons of acres of land for sale, situated in various parts of the Province. The hotels and pubUc houses are numerous and well kept, making this city a desirable sojourn. Russell's Hotel, the Clarendon, the American, Sword's Hotel, and a new hotel on King Street, are the principal public houses. Toronto has become a great thoroughfare by means of steam- ers and railroads. A constant intercourse is thus kept up with the different ports on Lake Ontario, the Upper Lakes, and the St. Lawrence River. Steamers run from Toronto to Hamilton, St. Catherine's, Niagara, and Lewiston on the west and south • to Rochester and Oswego on the east ; and to Cape Vincent,' Kingston, Prescott. Montrftal. otn nr, th^ 7,««+i,^„„x The 07itario, Simcoe and Huron Railroad, 94 miles in length terminates at CoUingwood, on Georgian Bay, connecting with the waters of Lake Huron. The Grand Trunk RaUway ex- I 50 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. tends northeast to Montreal and Quebec, while its western ter- mination will be at Port Sarnia, lying at the foot of Lake Hu- ron. The Toronto and Hamilton Railroad, a branch of the Great Western Railway of Canada, also terminates here, aflfording altogether facilities of great benefit to Toronto and the whole of Canada. The markets of Toronto are abundantly supplied with every description of provisions of the best quality, and at moderate prices. The climate is healthy and delightful during the sum- mer and fall months, being modified by lake breezes. " Trade of Toronto.— The value of imports into Toronto last yea- n856) amounted to £i;738,657, showing an increase on those of 1855 of £338,247. £822,335 were from Great Brit- ain, £14,797 from B. A. Colonies, £365,404 from the United States, and from other foreign countries £36,119. The duties collected on Chese imports were £195,159, showing an increase of £42.584. The exports during 1856 were £551,333 (of which £176,703 was of flour, and £202,792 of wheat), showing an in- crease of £147,258. ^ " There were shipped during the year 1855 to American ports 601,524 bushels of wheat, and 118,807 barrels of flour; during 1856, 1,132,781 bushels wheat, and 97,935 barrels flour. To Canada ports 27,230 bushels wheat, and 32,370 barrels flour in 1855 ; and 92,561 bushels wheat, and 73,824 barrels flour! in 1856. " The increase in the shipments of wheat, it will be seen, are equal to 100 per cent, over those of last year, while the increase in flour, although not large, is respectable. Reducing tlie flour into wheat, at the rate of five bushels per barrel, we have the following for the two seasons : Bushels. Value 1«5G 2,084,007 at 7s. £729,402 1855 1,384,639 at 10s. 692,319 Increase 699,368 £37,083 " The increase in value is not so "jreat as the increase in quantity, owing to the fact that grain has sold at 25 per cent, lower in 1856 than it did in 1865. " The returns of the Custom TTmiHA HAf rlnwn fT^o »rni„r. r.f agricultural produce sent to the United States at £524,241, which is very correct; add. however, that sent to Canada ports—say £230,000— making the total experts upward of £750,000." 1^ 1^ v^ u I Gra stea som< good twoi mam Bo from steam Poi Lake ston b land d sail ve tains J flouriu] shop, t' lumber profital Railwa Port Ho 41 miles and trac From road rou through I CoBou Ontario, : Itike atta: miles fron J'oute. It steamers a ^or the R( their way ETC. estern ter- ' Lake Hu- 3ch of the ates here, )ronto and nth every modefrate ; the sum- Toronto n. increase reat Brit- he United ^he duties 1 increase (of which ing an in- ican ports r; during Bour. To rels flour, rels flour, ! seen, are e increase ; tlie flour have the lue. ^,402 2,319 r,083 crease in per cent. 2524,241, I Canada ward of steamers land ontZ' ^111:: '"'''^'^'' '""^^S- >" which 0»H.w., 33 miles bebl;,?"'° *" "°"'"=^'«'' ''«■ -el, si.„a.a a ^ro^rrL^^tr 7"' ' '"""■ steamboat landing ^«''/'«gto„ /f..w. whore is a sail vessefs expltwe C.'i;"' / t' """" *»«"*- -^a tains a oourtlle J/Zrlt 1 "■"'™" '""' ^"'»g» «™- ««uHn«.miUs.a™C:t^T;„'*;r;r^^^^^ *"» shop, two tanneries, two brewer e7 »n,l I-'"'' " """"'™- lumber trade carried on ^17^: ? """ '''»""°"« Tie profitable. Popnlaarn TfiOft T ^. r • " '""^ "''"''"•' »»" ^«.V.,,, which rt"; ;^:«h thet™ :r.^ T' "™"* Port Hope to Beaverton aih.ft T 7?' '™'"^ ™"^ ''™'" « miles thus II, »f ".'' ^""^ ^™'='"'' " <"«'-»^ of and trad; '^ ^ " ""' '°""'"' "^ Canada to emigration From Port Hope, or Cobourg, ffoinir toward iri„ . , road route, there ii t„ -,« . 2 * Kingston by rail- through s ;et, fl IlinT ' " '""'"" "' '''""'''''' P»»ing t, oorerai ttourishing towns, and near the Ba^ nf n.,- . CoBouHG, handsomely situated on th„ .t ■ ^ "'*• Ontario, nearly opposite th«H . ^ ™''"' *'"''' »*' ^^^^ >».^e attains its « w dTh t ,"0 mTT'"'' "'''' *"» mUes from Kingsln. andl 8 Jeal: mI?'""', f""t' "" ■-'^tt;. ic possesses a good harbor r^A ■ i. '7 ~'' " '""■"'^^ Steamers and sailin. vessel itl ^^^ is much frequented bj ^or the Royal MaH sZt ?l'°' '^ '^' ''«"^'^^ ^^^'^^"gs uoyai Mail Steamers, which pass and recast cU\v. tlioir way up and down the lake. ^ ' •^'^ '''' i*j ii n^ I' 52 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. The principal public buildings in Cobourg are the court-house and jail, and the Victoria College, which was established in 1842, by Act of the Provincial Legislature, with power to grant degrees in the arts and sciences; there are also a number of fine church edifices. Here are the most extensive cloth manufac- tories in the Province ; there are also iron, marble, and leather manufactories, with breweries and distilleries, six hotels and taverns, 40 or 50 stores of different kinds, and a number of mechanic shops. Population, 6,000. Few places in Canada present a more beautiful appearance from the water than Cobourg— the landscape being extensive and varied by a most delightful background. The Cobourg and Pe.terhoro' Railroad, 28 miles in length, commences at this place, which, together with the Grand Trunk Railway, tends greatly to benefit Cobourg and the towns lying on the rear, in the vicinity of Rice Lake. CoLBOKNK, 14 miles below Cobourg, is situated on the line of the Grand Trunk Railway. Here is a good landing for vessels and a flourishing settlement. On leaving Cobourg for Kingston on the downward trip, the steamer usually runs out into the broad waters of Lake Ontario, soon attaining their greatest width. Often during the prevalence of storms or high winds, the unacclimated voyager experiences sensations any thing but agreeable ; sea-sickness often prostra- ting alike the athletic male and the delicate female. This however, on board the larger class steamers is no serious objec- tion to journeying across Lake Ontario, it being considered the most safe navigation of any of the great lakes. Mcholas Point and Island are passed about 40 miles from Cobourg. Next comes Wicked Point, and soon heaves in sight Point Peter and Light. This light is a conspicuous object for the mariner, who often, when off Prince Edward, the • , ..J :«^„^c +i,a f.iii for'^e of easterly and westerly winds. J 1 . * Duck Island, attached to Canada is another noted object for the mariner, cither descending or ascending Lake Ontario. irt-house ished in to grant imber of nanufac- 4 leather )tels and imber of 1 Canada ier than ay a most n length, nd Trunk wns lying be line of 'or vessels i trip, the e Ontario, prevalence ^periences n prostra- ale. This LOUS objec- idered the niles from es in sight ous object ward, the 1 westerly 3ted object se Ontario, NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. 53 as this is the first important island to be met on descending from the head of the lake on the Canada side. Outer Drake and Inner Drake are two small islands situated inland toward Prince Edward's Bay. Amherst Island, a large and fertile body of land, is next passed on the left, while Gage Island and Grand or Wolfe Island may be seen on the right; these latter islands being situated at the foot of Lake Ontario, or mouth of the St. Law- rence River, where commences the celebi jd " Thousand Islands. ^^ The City of Kingston, capital of Frontenac Co., Canada, 160 miles from Toronto, and 173 miles from Montreal by railroad route, is very advantageously situated on a beautiful harbor at the northeast extremity of Lake Ontario, and immediately above its outlet, " Cataraqui," or St. Lawrence River, in N. lat. 44° 8', W. long. 76° 40' from Greenwich. " The view of the city and surrounding scenery is not surpassed by the approaches to any other city in America. A few miles above Kingston the waters of Lake Ontario are divided by the first of the long series of islands so well known to Tourists as the " Thousand Islands," of which Simcoe and Grand or Wolfe Islands, opposite the city, may be looked upon as strongholds, designed by nature to withstand the encroaches of the waves of Ontario. On ap- proaching from the west, by water, the first object that attracts the traveler's attention is Fort Henri/, with the naval station of Fort Frederick at its base, and its attendant battlements, fortifications, towers, and redoubts. Fort Henry is a favorite resort for visitors, and its elevated position afi"ords the best view that can be had of the city, lake, and surrounding country." The principal public buildings are the City Hall, one of the finest and most substantial edifices in Canada, and built of cut Hmestone at a cost of $92,000. It contains all the public — „.... ..f ,„^ ^K.j,, ,i^v.xiiu^iig a Bfjjicious nail, capable of seating over 1.000 persons; the court-house is a large stone building" Which is about being removed, and another, more in accordance With the wants of the citizens, is to be erected on a ground more if 54 NIAGARA AND HAMILTON TO KINGSTON, ETC. central, and its present site occupied by a custom-house and post-office. Here is a Roman Catholic cathedral and several fine church edifices, in all numbering sixteen. Queen's College, under the direction of the Presbyterians, has a president and four professors ; the College of Regiopolis (Roman Catholic) has also a president and four professors; the General Hospital, Hotel Dieu, and a nunnery are also in the city, while two miles west is situated the Provincial Penitentiary. It has four bank- ing-houses and several insurance offices ; three well-kept hotels, and about 100 stores of diflferent kinds ; besides several breweries, distilleries, tanneries, foundries, machine-shops, and a marine railway and ship-yard for the building of lake craft ; on JVavy Bay, which lies between Point Frederick and Point Henry, is the naval dock-yard used for government purposes. Near the Penitentiary is a mineral spring of some celebrity, resembling in its component parts the Cheltenham spring of England ; an- other spring exists which is unusually strong, resembling in some respects the ** Artesian Well'* of St. Catherine's. It has been analyzed by Prof. Williamson, and found to contain valu- able medical properties. — Population, 12,000. Kingston occupies the site of Fort Frontenac, an old Fren^J;^ post, this being one of a chain of posts extending from Quebec to Mackinac. Here are owned 20 steamers and about 40 schooners, sailing to and from the port, besides numerous other Canadian and American steamers and sailing vessels. It being the outlet for the productions of the fertile Bay of Quinte, and the Rideau Canal, terminating at Kingston, makes it an im- portant and active mart of c mnerce. se and several loUege, nt and ic) has )spital, ) milea ■bank- hotels, weries, marine JVavy nry, is ar the nbling d; an- ing in It has 1 valu- Fren^^ Quebec mt 40 3 other t being be, and m im- :^i^<::^r:-.i: T 55 STEAMBOAT ROUTE FEOM KINGSTON TO BELLEVILLE AND PORT TRENTON, PASSING THROUGH THE BAY OF QUINTE. Landings. Miles. Kingston Amher|t Island 13 Bath 5-18 Fredericksburg 10-28 Adolphustown 4-32 Stone Mills 8-35 PiCTON 5-40 Indian Woods 15-65 North Port 8-63 Belleville 12-75 Port Trenton 12-87 Fare from Kingston to Pieton $1 Belleville 1 (( Landings. Miles. Port Trenton Belleville 12 North Port 12-24 Indian Woods 8->32 PiCTON 15-47 Stone Mills 5-62 Adolphustown 3-55 Fredericksburg 4-59 Bath 10-69 Amherst Island 5-74 Kingston 13-87 00 50 Several steamers leave Kingston daily for Pieton, Belleville, Port Trenton, and intermediate ports, during the season of navigation, connecting at Belleville and Port Trenton with the Grand Trunk Railway, and line of stages running to Rice Lake, Peterboro', etc. On leaving the wharf at Kingston the steamers run in a westerly direction, passing the Brothers, to Amherst Island, 13 miles. This is a large and fertile island, inhabited by an intelligent and prosperous class of citizens. Here commences the Bay of Quinte, a long, crooked, and picturesque body of water, into which empties the Napanee, Moira, and Trent rivnra Bath, 18 miles from Kingston, is situated on the main shore, opposite Amherst Island. It contains about 600 inhabitants, With a fine back country. J 56 KINGSTON TO BELLEVILLE, ETC. Fredericksburg, 28 miles from Kingston, is a settlement on the mainland. Adolphustowjv, 32 miles from Kingston, is situated on the mainland, opposite Makysburg, located on Prince Edward's Island. Stone Mills, 35 miles from Kingston, is situated on Prince Edward's Island, near a most remarkable lake, elevated some 300 feet above the Bay of Quinte. It is called the Lake of the Mountain^ being half a mile in length, and nearly as wide. It has no perceptible inlet, but discharges a large volume of water, which is used in propelling several mills of diflferent kindS. PiCTON, 40 miles from Kingston, and 35 miles from Belle- ville by water, is the capital of Prince Edward Co., C. W., being handsomely situated. The Bay of Quinte, which here expands to a considerable width, is called Ilallowell Bay. The village contains about 2,000 inhabitants ; a court-house and jail, one Episcopal, one Presbyterian, one Methodist, and one Roman Catholic church, two hotels, and several taverns, twelve stores, one steam flouring-mill, one large tannery, and an extensive carriage manufactory. On leaving Picton, the steamer runs north to the landing called Indian Woods^ when a westerly course is again pursued to the head of the bay, passing Morris, or HalVs Island, and several beautiful headlands. Here is another expansion of water called Hairs JBa.y, on Capt. Owen's (r. n.) Chart of Lake Ontario. Belleville, Hastings Co., C. W., is advantageously situated at the mouth of the river Moira, 75 miles by steamboat route, and only 47 miles by railroad from Kingston. This is a very thriving town, now containing about 8,000 inhabitants; the county buildings, a town hall and market building ; a Method- ist seminary, erected in 1855 ; one Episcopal, two Presbyterian, two Methodist, and one Roman Catholic church ; four hotels, and a number of taverns; 50 stores of different kinds, and most kinds of mechanic workshops. The Moira River affords a good water-power, here being situated one woolen factory, three mss^msmaim "•Mm KINGSTON TO BELLEVILLE, ETC. 57 flouring-mills, four saw-mills, one paper-mill, one axe factory, • one extensive distillery, three foundries and machine-shops, and a ship-yard. This is a great market for lumber, grain, and other kinds of produce. It is proposed to extend a railroad from Belleville to Lake Simcoe, and thence to the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. Port Trenton, 87 miles from Kingston by steamboat route, and 59 miles by railroad, is another growing place and port of entry, situated near the head of the Bay of Quinte, at the mouth of Trent River. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants ; one Epis- copal and one Methodist church ; three hotels, ten stores, one grist-mill, one extensive steam saw-mill, one large tannery, two distilleries, a foundry, machine-shop, and ship-yar Js. Steamers run from Port Trenton to Kingstorr., Prescott, Montreal, etc., trans-shipping a large amount of lumber and country produce. The River Trent, which is the outlet of Pemedashcoutayong, or jRice Lake, is a fine stream of water, and is in part navi- gable for steamers runniiQg Into the lake. Immense quantities of wild rice are found in the low waters of this lake and its vi- cinity, which abound in game of diJScerent kinds, aflfording ample sport and profit to the huntsman. The principal inlet of Rice Lake is called Otonihee River, being the outlet of a succession of lakes, the most celebrated of which lies 823 feet above the ocean, and is called Balsam Lake ; the other bodies of water are called Sturgeon Lake, West Lake, and East Lake. From Balsam Lake to the Bay of Quinte ' there is a succession of falls of 588 feet descent. 58 LIST OF STEAMERS. i^RIOAN STEAMERS BUitT ON LAKE ONTARIO AND RIVER ST. LAWRENCE SINCE THEIR INTRODUCTION IN 1816 IS ■fell"-- ;|-f =t^'.KJzr„Trili. 1 s«i ■ ■ nu ^ y, •••.••• ^^ • • Brownvile— broken un 1S81.. Charles Carroll.. 100 Saptpfa Wo..h^» u i^' " Paul Prv " • • -^J;" • ^*^'^®* t Harbor— broken up. 1 QQo rr^w J y; ^•- Ogdensburgh— broken un iQOfl X"^.^/*' 400. .Oswego, N. Y — brokpn nn 1 SS? • ■ tT^"- • k ^O*^ • • 0«wego N Y -bf okeS uS* 1 SI -TlTOP^-u •;,••• 200.. Dexter, N. Y.-laidup JJfq iPV" ^^''shall.. . 60. .Lake Erie-lost in 1^' 1839.. St Lawrence.... 450.. Oswego, N. Y.-bro^n ud 1843. .Bay State 1 098 cSon' v v-~f ^^ »t<>o *<> Ogdensburgh. " . .Ontario ] S' cKS' N I-J^^^JsJo^ fo Ogdensburgh. 1849. .Northerner.. . . 905 OsweJo' N ?— ^r'"'''* i° Ogdensburgh. ^^••^-^-^ •A'::8«S:fcl:er!o\%*Sg|a^^^^ RUNNIXG ON THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. MontJe^"^.:::;;:::;: 8t--£S &^-^^^«^gh to Montreal. BRITISH STEAMERS BUILT ON LAKE ONTARIO AND THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE SINCE 1816. Biitlt. Name m 1816..Frontenac(lBt). ^' •r-'^'"'? ''""A- ^ Remarks. 1817. . Charlotte . :.. fSJ' ' ' -grngston, 0. W.-broken up. 1819..Dalhousie ::::; 850**'*PrSr 1829. .Sir JamesKempt 2mo""k SnA S■■frS'or!?!":;^••••• : ■••|H^ 1882. .John By . inn ' • '^fescott. ;; ..wiiiia/the Founh:;::: m.rJSZ.^^.^ .... i883:.Britannia::::;:: ISo'- K?n':,';'^r¥«^""'' • " . . Cobourg S ■ • • • J^^'^^toii-broken up. « ..Kingsto^n(ist)::::::::::: toT:::gn'S-. (( (( (( (i (( 1841. (( (( (( 1842.' (( (( t( (( 1843.", THE LIST OF STEAM EFIS, ETC. 59 BiHIt. msa. 1834. « ia35' ^ro^l^vllle ^'^'';. Oom. Rarrie 275 Enterprise ..'..'.'. 200 ■ Union 800. 1837. • Traveller "..!". 850 . . St. George 4Q0 .Sir Robert Peel . . . ." .' .' ." ." ." 850 . .* ..Gore 200 iooo-§»^'«nvictoria. .:::::.': 200:: 1838.. Experiment. 1839 , 1840 ! Wliere l.nllt. Rtm-iiks. .Brockville. • Kingston— lost in 1842. • Kingston— broicen up. . Oak ville— changed to barque. • Niagara- tow boat • Kingston laid up. • Brockville- burnt in 18.38. • Niagara- runs on Lake Huron. • Niagara— wrecked. :«ZPS^r^..:. ; : : : L'S: : : : fef"-^^.^^." "r . Ontario* .Highlander (1st).:.';;::: soo: • Albion 200 America (Ist) . ..;::; ; : : ; sno. |50. . . .Kingston— tow "boat Prescott- name changed. Coteau du Lac-broken up. Brockville. ^ • Sovereign ' 47.- " " giagara-tow boat .cityofWomo;;:;;;;:; So •••S;sr?/i>A^"»p 1841 1842 1843. . .Prince Edward..:;;; ' 2ii0 . • Frontenac (2d) " 20O " ..Princess Royal 500; • Canada i2d) 450 . . Despatch " 200 •PHj^e^f Wales... ;;;;;: 2oo;;;;Kingst;„i • Chief Justice Robinson: ; m'' -^^"" . Welland (1st) soo:: .Mohaw (iron) 150 • Cherokee (gov. steamer) 700*" •Eclipse ; 400 BRITISH STEAMERS Niagara— tow boat • -Kingston- lost in 1848. •Kingston— broken up. .•Niagara— tow boat. • •Prescott— tow boat. laid up. -name changed, runs on St. Lawrence. • JNiagara-Cobourg to Oswego. V. burnt in 1856. • Kingston— runs on Lake Erie. • Kingston -sent to Halifax, • Niagara-changed to schooner. ST. nUNNlNG OX LAWRENCE Xnme. LAKE ONTARIO KIVER, 1856. AND THE T. j:.«-les8 Smes"£^i, .... ^^"0^- TorZo v''"" §hrpr.'!:;;;:::-^^^lK IT '"^• S"ar/,ow;r I^Myrrk;;;;:^^? :: ^-^-^n, TT^ 1. 1 '"v*^^*^ D. Sinclair , . . soo Highlander (2d)... D M'Bridfl oS •m"-; Maple Leaf.\ . . . [j^; Kerf IS' '^^''^P^^ Rochester.NY. Welland (2d) :W. Donaldson"' ?? Ch. Just Robinson . . Jacob Youne ' " 815 rnhm,..^, S"*"* Dalhousie. Arabian Sclatcr ' ftin" * w ^^f^ Oswego, N. Y. Kingston (2d) C? Hami'Uon: : '. "m' "^"?'"^° ^'^'pH Magnet h. Twohy. . Passport. Harbottle... Bowmanville c Perrv fe^«^,- A. Sinclair: : . ; ; ;4oo Provincial t. Kidd ioo • 600 .400 .400 Montreal. £W,l':?A?^:----F-B"Mlrie:;:ro? S"- Helen .y.ZaChr^i—yZ Prescott. •ngston Port Trenton. Belleville. 1 i fiii> lti| m .Port Trenton Cape Vincent. • MontreaL ''^■^^i&tfSZiT^ij,ZS\iS!'' ''■ I'™^-^-"^ tteflrs. 60 LIST OF STEAMERS, ETC. RUNNING ON THE 8T. LAWRENCE RIVER. Name. Oommanderii. Ton*. From To Banshoo T. Howard 800..Klng8to« Montreal. Now Era P. O. Chrysler.. .200 " " Ottawa J. R. Kelloy 270 " " St. La wrcnce T. Maxwell. 200 '* " Note.— The Tonnage of Britisli Steamers is rated about one third less than by the American measurement, owing to de- ducting the space for engine and machinery. The Steamers America and Canada, two large vessels of about 800 tons each, were recently built, and run from Hamil- ton to Brockville, in connection with the Great Western Rail- way of Canada ; but after the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway to Toronto they were found unprofitable, have since been condemned, and their engines taken out and sold. CANADIAN VESSELS. From a list of Canadian steamers, propellers, and schooners trading on the Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, recently com- piled, we gather the following facts : In commission, 47 steam- ers, 17 propellers, and 171 schooners; the tonnage of which (British measurement) amounts to about 42,000 tons ; the esti- mated value being about $3,500,000. I!illlt. B1>I*W- i LIST OF BTBAM^RS, ETC. 61 real. 30ut one 5 to de- jssels of L Hamil- rn Rail- a Trunk ncc been chooners Ltly com- 7 steam- )f which the esti- LIST OF BRITISH STEAMERS BUILT AND RUNNING ON THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, BELOW MONTREAL SINCE 1810. liMllt N,..,,.,. Tone. Where built. Rem.rki. 14U Sf"*"'" -.Montreal-brolron up. s n S'iT -.Montreal-broken up. s 5 ^^,i^^«f''"V'"T*'--- -• Montreal-broken up. ' • r^i^i *^'',^'"l^'"««'^« • • • - • Montreal-broken up. „ Xl""'? -.Montreal-broken up. i^iQ vn ^^i*"'!?. -.Montreal-broken up. IS 8. Now Sw, tsnre -.Montreal -broken up. m'^rS'l""" ^'^^• -.Quebec-broken up.' , 1821). Montreal (l.st) -.Montreal-broken up. , C'ami.iy -.Montreal-broken up. 1R00 T • ^'^^';^'"co (1st). . -.Montreal-broken up. ]^iif ^'V'^" -.Montreal-broken up. 1825.Hercule3 800. Montreal-broken up. ifio«-w 1^"? * "®'""J' -.Montreal -broken up. «.5q • n^"/.''r'"? ■••••• ^•^^^ • ^'^ ^'•a'rle, C. E.-lo9t in the ice. 1829.Briti8h Amonca. . . .891 .Montreal-broken un. assos through the town, and the Ottawa and Prescott Railroad, 58 miles in length, terminates here, affording a speedy and direct route to Ottawa City and the lumber region above. No Hftetion of Canada has fairer prospects of advaneement than Brockville and Prescott, if the advantages are embraced of forming lines of railroads to the upper Ottawa country, lying as they do nearer to that heavily timbered region than Montreal. 5 68 KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. Fort Wellington, adjoining the lower part of the town, is a strong fortification usually garrisoned by more or less British troops. Windmill Point, one mile and a half below the fort, was the scene of an unfortunate attack by the patriots of 1838, who, after eflfecting a landing and maintaining their position with great determination for several days, were taken prisoners, many of whom were afterward executed at Kingston, and others tran- sported to Van Dieman's Land. ^ r.'BTgjr,i!:iy ..^_.7t_,,-- .^ ^r KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 69 r RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. On- resuming the downward trip, after leaving Prescott or Ogdensburgh, the most interesting objects are presented to view from the deck of the steamer. The depot buildings of the North- ern Railroad of New York, on the one side, and Windmill Point on the Canada side, are quickly passed and the Rapids soon reached. Chimney Island, four miles below Prescott, is an interest- ing spot, where may be seen the remains of a fortification, erected by the French during the early settlement of Canada. The Gallop Rapids, six miles below Prescott or Ogdensburgh, are easily passed by steamboats, although they prevent the navigation of the St. Lawrence by sail vessels. They extend for about two miles, around which is a ship canal on the Canada side of the river, overcoming a descent of seven feet. Matilda, eight miles farther, is a convenient steamboat landing on the Canada side of the river, where is a canal one mile and three-quarters in length. Waddington, on the American shore, 18 miles below Og- densburgh, lies opposite Ogden's Island, which is passed to the right, descending through the main channel, forming the bound- ary line. Here commences Rapid Plat, and extends about two and a half miles. Another canal of the same length is built on the Canada shore, to overcome the descent in the river of eleven and a half feet. Williamsburg, seven miles below Matilda, is a regular steamboat landing, where passage-boats usually touch ascend- ing and descending the river. Here is another short canal. Chrysler's Farm, a few miles below Williamsburg, is the place where was fought a battle in the war of 1812, between the English and Americans, in which the latter were defeated, with considerable loss in killed and wounded. ' Louisville Landing, 28 miles below Ogdensburgh, is where passengers leave for Massena Springs, six miles distant by stage. This is a great resort for invalids during warm weather. I I r 70 KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. The Long Saut Rapids, extending from Dickinson's Land- ing, 40 miles below Prescott, to Cornwall on the Canada side, is one of the longest and most important rapids of the St. Law- rence. They are divided by islands into two channels, the American Channel find the Lost Channel.* Formerly, the American, or East Channel, was mostly run by steamers in the downward trip, but of late the Lost Channel, on the Canadian side, is mostly used. This channel presents a grand and ter- rific appearance, the vrater being lashed into a white foam for several miles, yet still the steamer glides rapidly through them into the quiet and beautiful expanse of water below Cornwall. The CoRxwALL Canal commences 72 miles above Montreal, on about the 45th degree of north latitude, the dividing line be- tween the United States and Canada. It extends to Dickinson's Landing, 11 1 miles, overcoming 48 feet descent in the St. Law- rence. Barnhart Island and Long Saut Island, two large and cultivated bodies of land, belong to the State of New York, while Cornwall Island and Sheek's Island belong to Canada, dividing the waters of the St. Lawrence into two channels, for most of the distance through the rapids. Cornwall, 112 miles from Kingston and 70 miles above Montreal, is situated on the northwest side of the river, at the ♦ Passaoe of the Long Saut Rapid.— Those who have traveled on the bt. Lawrence are aware that between Dickinson's Landing and CornwalJ, a distance of from twelve to fourteen miles, there is a long rapid called the JAmy Saut This rapid is divided into two channels by an island in the center, the channel on tlie south side being the one which has heretofore been descended by steamers and other large craft passing down the river. Capt. Maxwell, the enterprising commander of the mail steamer " Gilder- sleeve, having some time ago become impmssed with an idea that the channel oa the north side of the i.sland was not only practicable for vessels of a large class, but that it was niucli safer and easier of descent than the channel on the south side, made, with much trouble, soundings and obser- vations, for the purpose of ns>,> the one which t!ie main traffic of the river will pas,i thr.m .U.-.h',)iiti\,i/ Ilcithl. KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. n lower end of the Cornwall, or St. Lawrence Canal The ^ town contains about 2,500 inhabitanta, 40^ dwelling-houso^ a court-house and jail, five churches, twenty stores, and several hotels. This is a regular steambouL landing for American and British steamers. The Grand Trunk Railway also passes through the rear part of the town. ^ St. Regis, four miles below, on the American side of the river, is situated on the line of the 45th degree of north lati- tude, the St. Lawrence below this point being entirely in Canada. St. Regis is an luaian village, part of its inhabitants living in the United States and part in Canada. It contains four or five hundred inhabitants, 80 dwelling-houses, one Roman Catholic church, one rotestant chureb, one tavern, and two stores. Here is a convenient steamboat landing, where during warm weather may sometimes be seen Indian boys, prepared to plunge into the water on having a piece of money thrown over- board: often it is caught by these expert swimmers before reaching the bottom. Lake St. Francis, a most beautiful expanse of water, is an expansion of the St. Lawrence above Coteau du Lao, extending for a number of miles. It is studded with lov )ly and pictur- esque islands, giving a variety to the scenery of this river which is almost indescribable. The Indian village of St. Regis, and an island owned by the natives, lie near its upper termina- tion. Lancaster, 15 miles below Cornwall, lies on the west side of the lake, or river, here presenting a wide surface, the waters calmly pursuing their course downward before rushing impetu- ously down the several rapids below Coteau du Lac, or the foot of the lake. At Coteau du Lac, 40 miles above Montreal, commences a rapid of the same name, extending about two miles. Seven miivij -j^vio^r vixio vOxiiiiiciiiJua x^iiKz i^cuar napiUi WHICH extends about three miles. (See Frontispiece.) Then comeB Split Rock and Cascade terminating at the head of Lake St. Louis, whore the dark waters of the Ottawa, by one of its mouths, joins the n KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. I St. Lawrence. These four rapids, in eleven miles, have a de- scent of 82J feet, being overcome by the Beauharnois Canal. The grandeur of the scenery in the vicinity of these Rapids can not be conceived without being witnessed. The mighty St. Lawrence is here seen in all its magnificence and power, being lashed into a foam for miles by the impetuosity of its current. The Cedar Rapids* have hitherto been considered the most formidable obstruction to downward-bound craft, but the new South Channel, or McPherson's Channel, as it is now called, affords an additional depth of watei. The steamer Bytown, Capt. Wra. Sughrue, in 1843, was the first steamboat that de- scended this channel, which was brought into notice by D. S. McPherson, Esq., one of the late firm of the forwarding-house of McPherson, Crane & Co. Beauharnois, 24 miles above Montreal, lies at the foot of the Cascade Rapids, where commences -the Beauharnois Canals 12 miles in length, overcoming altogether a descent of 82^ feet. Between Fond du Lac and Beauharnois, or the foot of the Cas- cade Rapids, is the most wild and romantic scenery that the St. Lawrence presents. Caughnawaga, ten miles above Montreal, is an Indian vil- lage, numbering several hundred inhabitants. Here commences the Montreal and Plattshiirgh Railroad, 52 miles ir length. It is proposed to construct a ship canal from this place to the Riche- lieu River, the outlet of Lake Champlain, thus uniting the waters of the St. Lawrence and Hudson River, via Champlain Canal. La Chine, eight miles above ^lontreal, is situated at the foot of an expansion of the St. Lawrence, called Lake St. Louis, where enter the black waters of the Ottawa River, the St. Lawrence presenting a greenish hue, the difference in the color of the waters being plainly visible for many miles below. The La Chine Rapids, a few miles above Montreal, are the last rapids of importance that occur on the St. Lawrence. Thoy ♦ It was here that Gen. Amherat'a brigade of 800 men, on their way to attack Canada, then in possession of the French, were lost ! At Montreal they received the first intelligeii > of the invasion, by the dead bodies floating down the river past the town. ■MkMta I il> iW i > O a I CO a Q M < o O KINGSTON TO MONTREAL. 1^3 t^on. These rapids are obviated by the La Chine Canal l^ C larrr""^^^^ ^ '^^^^" ^^ ^^^ ^ee J' ca:ro'/ of a Zr^ 7 '''" ''"^^ "" '^' "^P^^^' «^^Wing steamers ot a large size to ascend -the river althoimh „f 1 , speed than the downwarf one hundred andT.?7 ""•? '^^'^^'^^'^ in the to Montreal. The fova-« rll^ +1 -^ ^ miles-frora Kingston rence in a steaine/is'Sfthrni^S ^^JIJ^- f' V' that our country aifords to rh« ^i! " ^"'^ interesting Starting at dayliJhtTom the gooS o&Tf Kt"^. '''''''' at firstenraptured by the lov^v LTf • "^ 01 Kingston, we are ' Lake of the^Thousai^J iLs • and oi w-' w'^'^^ l^'^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ our helmsman can guide us throun-hfW T^^? ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^'^^ before him. SurPlv h7.^n t!^l^ ^® intricate path that lies • lose our way, and oL t^me^^tt d^^^^^^^ ^"^ ^« «J^=^H less path be once more rcovmS H^^/^'' '"' *^^ *^^<^k- and long before the sun hTs sTwe iia^e sZtThe"^? r''° T^- and are passing through the calm nnri ^1 ^1 r. ^°"S ^aut,' Gently we glide alongfand ar^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^- Francis, grace the scenes of firforenoJn't ?/ 'f "'f ^,'^"^^«^' ^^^"^^^ awakened from our dreLsbvT.;tr'''S ,?^^^enly we are of our vessel, and ri" si ?hrcause te fin!} ' '''''?' J"^'^ ceivmg warning in the Coteau RapMs of wLt w '''""'^^'' ''■ Vvhen we reach tho o^r^A . jT J^ .,' °^ ^^at we may expect bell is rung for the en^e To' LZ^^'^'' '^''^'I ^"- ^«^^ t^'e ard the befm, we MTmer'elytovl^^^^^^^^ way on the vessel; now looking towor§ f^. I 1*^ ^''^P ^^*^^^- we see four men standing by ?fe wheel b..kw ''^'^? ^^°"^'^' gaze, and four more stand VvthT/?;;' ^f ''^"r'^ we turn our wheel in guiding our crTft down tv,l?"'V*^i f'^'^ *^^o«« at the to take. These Vep^ratfonsT^^^ «^« - -bout are now making our first trin ^Wi^?* •, , ^^^^^^' ^e, who object for supp1)rt and eSk/„7^ou^ '^' ^^^^^^^^ plunge. 'Tis over. We are reeL. to /""i^ ^''^^*, *^« ^''^ hither and thither amono-bmow!?° "^"^ fro, and dancing by the swiftness ofThe^euS W^^T T' ^"^^^^ ««l«^l feet while rushing down Jhrtn;^.!! i'^'®^'?^*^ ^« ^^ep ouV only wo can be p're'red '^0^*^^^.^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ich sjsSt^^^a^Lrrii^iis^r^^^^ ! »i1 'J ft ii I 74 RAPIDS OF TlIK RT. LAWRENCE. as we fly pAst the island, a daring leap might land us on its shores ; and now again we are tossed and whirled about in a sea of foam ; we look back to scan the dangers passed, and see a raft far behind, struggling in the waves. While contemplating its dangers, we forget our own. and the lines of Horace appear pe- culiarly applicable to the Indian who first intrusted his frail canoe to these terrific rapids : ' Illi robur et a>8 triplex Circa pectus erat, qui fragilem truci Cominisit pelago ratem Primua .' " RAPIDS OF THE 8T. . LAWRENCE— EXCITEMENT OF THE TRIP. Extract from a Cor'espondent of the Detroit Advertiser— IS^. " L RAVING Hamilton in the evening, on board one of the splendid steamers navigating Lake Ontario, running direct for the St. Lawrence River, a distance of about 180 miles, we had a very pleasant night on the lake, and arrived at Cape Vincent, N. Y., at 7 next morning; discharged some freight, and pro- ceeded to Brockville, Canada, and thence to Ogdensbur^, N. Y., where we arrived about noon ; passinjr from Cape Vincent to Ogdensburgh (via the Express Line of steamers), we thread our winding way through among the Thousand Islands ; here is no monotony, for the scenery is continually changing and ever beautiful. " I have spoken of the route by which I came to Ogdens- burgh ; another very pleasant route r. by way of the steamer from Detroit to Buffalo, thence to the Niagara Falls, taking the boat at Lewiston. By this route, passengers may see many points of interest, which they do not see in traveling by the direct route. " On Wednesday, July 17th, we left Ogdensburgh on the steamer Montreal., Capt. J. Laflanune, ran across the St. Lawrence to Prescott — then headed down the river to Montreal. At six miles from Ogdensburgh we passed the first rapid (Gallop). This being the first of a series of rapids that we had to pass on our way to Montreal, we had the curiosity to notice the eflfect the scene had on the passengers. The first with whom we came in contact was a nervous old gentleman, and he was rushing from one side of the boat to the other, with fear and admiration depicted on bis countenance, while excitement had r.il t\f \\\a -nrhnlo ■frnmn Here is a group of sentimental young ladies ; so deeply are they absorbed in drinking in the sickly sentiments of the cheap, yellow- covered literature which they hold in their hands, that RAPIDS OF TUL ST. LAWliKNCB. 75 Ogdcn bui'i ''r th ";'T*' ■''' ¥«^«-J"«-^^ "'>!«« from uguensDurgti At th.„ jjuint the river is divided bv an inland formeSv I'^^T ?"' ^""^ ^'""' ^ ^^P^^ of nine mZ ?n le '?lx • formerly the boats passed down the south side, where th. wTitl; runs with greater rapidity. The north side % called he 'Lost supposea that if a boat drifted into it, it would cortainlv hi ost. A ckannel has been found on th; noHh side ami novv the steamers pass by it in preference to the southTannd " As we approach the rapid, the grand and lofty tSmblir^ of narrow and crooked channel witlT unerring precS^Th^ flTt^f picturesque scene has now brought aTto heir to the novel-readers have dropped their books .ndli,. „„•* ; of reality now. surpasses Z exoitemelJ? of tSoir fiction The SZhT°.5' f™?';^ ""eheaded against the Po° house ae eX hS w^'*^' ?""."' °P<'"' ™'^ ™ e«lamat on u^n lerT rd «T/""T •'/ '!>«• "'^ """* «t«ts wftS'a uddo" his brow .nd i^ '^IS th„r{f V'"" "' '^P^ *"'<' ="'='" <■■■-■>" r»^i,? T>„^„ ^,? *'"?' ""^ ""^ s^*"! "nd passed over that S5£^Sa^fcptrtc^7l^£^^^^^^ ^?J!?„"' *^lfir,-^\^^°« ^^t« .^ lake, which is called zXs/! iassSTt ♦b'/hLf ci"" '' *?'''''' ^^'^y °^il^« i'* length. Having du Lac ^^' ^ ^''^ "'""^"^^^ ^* *1^« ^lll^g« of Coteau « Soon after leaving the Coteau, we pass the Coteau, Cedar, it 76 RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. Split-Hocff and Cascade Rapids. The passage of these raDida 13 very exciting, particularly the Split-Rock ; here, as the boat 13 by the action of the water lifted above the rocks and then dropped down among them, the waters covering and then re" ?nnk«i^f i/'T°^ *^' "'\^' nearly bare, upon either side, looks fearfully dangerous ; the channel is narrow, the current rapid and the boat is carried along at a 2 40 pace • but thP boat IS strong, and a skillful pilot is^ at the heKd the pas! feage IS very quickly and safely made. ^ "The river again widens, and is called Lake St. Louis At the foot of this lake, on the south side, is the Indian village of Uuglinawaga Here a boat comes off from the village, and brings an Indian named Baptiste. He is a fine-looking man ZS y ^^?^^ s^xty years of age ; he comes on board to pilot the boat over the La C/nne, which is the last but most dangerous of the rapids. No man but Baptiste has ever yet piloted a SfnlT.T '^''' ""f^^^- ^' '^' ^'^' ^«^«« onwa^rd the rapids, all the passengers, even to the novel-readers, are anx- lous to get a good position in order to have a good v ew of ?he heaving, breaking, and laughing waters. Ai we enter the rapids, we appear to be rimnin| upon a small grass covered rocky island. ^ Indeed, as the bol of the boat's sf near thatU appears to be impossible to clear it, we look to see if the pilot W i?!.^'^^- ^l''' *1^^'« «ta^ds the captain at his pos^t in front of the wheel-house, and the Indian pilot, with three other t ZiT.rT^V^' ^^^^' ^^""^ ^ ^« l^°k ^* *t^« calm coun- tenance of the Indian, and see that his bright eye does not so much as wink but is fixed steadily upon hit beacon, whatever It may be, and that the wheelsmen are fully under his control we feel that, with his skill, care, and knowledge of the way wa TTiav banish fear from our thoughts ^' i.u^J^'^^'^^^l^ * ''?^^^ ^"""^'^^'^ he guides the boats among the 1 lands and the rocks, over the rapids and through the intricate channels, as easi y as a skillful horseman reins a high^SS rlkfwhich ftTrlf ^%*^.«^g^^ .VV ^'^' gl^^«« ^^-y from^hoS rocks which it appeared impossible to avoid, but the pilot' ap- ffirS.''/''''r^^' to fear, though not to the respo^n ?biS?y that rests upon him. He is aware, and all are aware, that one false move and all is lost; for the current is so swift, the seas run so high, and the boat is driven so rapidly, that one touTh upon a rock would shiver her to atoms. Although the passage of .he rapids appears to be dangerous, a sense of pleasure and exci ement takes the place of fea?. Just as we left^e La ChTne Kapids, looking for the nervous man-there he stood, shakinff laughing, and exclaiming, 'that caps the climax.' 'in aboft of iCtrtlJ' '"''"^^ '^^ ^^'' '"P^^' ^' '''''' '^' ^^^^^ n RAILROAD EOUTE FROM MOKTEEAL TO TORONTO, ETC., VIA GRAFD TRUNK RAILWAT. As tie Grand Trunk Eailway of Canada has recently been opened from Montreal to Toronto, and from the latter place is in rapid progress of completion to Port Sarnia, sitnated at the foot of Lake Huron, we give the following description of the route from Montreal westward, ascending the noble St. Lawrence. The depot IS situated at the termination of the Victoria Bndge about one and a half miles from the center of Montreal Bubjectmg the tn..eler to a long ride from the hotels or stel-' boat landmg. On leaving the depot the La Chine Canal is scTn track of the Grand Trunk Railway extending westerly acres U.6 fertile island of Montre.r, passing in sight of zL S ^Z: "^ «>« J-^a™ of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence vilWe'lrr' '/ """"f"" »f»'-*'''»''F«neh.Canadian ^Z tX7 7 T ^'' ""^^ inhabitants. Here is a Roman Catholic church, and a number of picturesque edifices » uated near the water's edge. The rapids, ^vernment iTZ steamers, and th. railroad bridge, together with the beautif^ Ottawa and islands, aliogelher afford a magnificent Wew „'. be seen the hills giving the nam- to the Lake of tU Two Mountains. ^ I,i.E Pekox, about two miles in width, is next passed over by the upward train, and another branch of the Ottawa crossed when the oars stop at the "ossea, vaiage of the same name. Here a loyely riew is obtained of the 78 MONTREiL TO TORONTO, ETC. Ottawa, its' islands, and the hills of the Lake of the Two Moun- tains in the distance. The railroad track, on leaving the Ottawa, runs through a fertile tract of country for several miles, the village of the Cedars being passed on the left, Pome two miles distant. CoTEAU Station is 37 miles from Montret^l and one and a half miles from the landing; here is a scattered settlement of French Canadians, numbering about 500 inhabitants. Lajjcaster, 54 miles from Montreal, is situated on the north shore of Lake St. Francis, an expansion of the St. Law- rence River. Here is a population of about 700 inhabitants, mostly of Scotch descent. Cornwall, 68 miles from Montreal, is a thriving town, situ- ated at the foot of the Long Saut Rapids. It contains about 2,500 inhabitants. Here the trains usually meet, and the pas- sengers are furnished refreshments. This is also a convenient steamboat landing, where the Royal Mail Line of steamers stop daily on their trips up and down the St. Lawrence. Dickinson's Landing, 77 miles ; Aultsburg, 84 miles ; Wil- liamsburg, 92 miles ; Matilda, 99 miles, and Prescott Junction, 1 1 2 miles, are soon reached and passed by the ascending train. The line of the Grand Trunk Railway from Vaudreuil to Brockville, a distance of 100 miles, runs through a level section of country, from a hnlf to two miles distant from the St. Law- rence River, which is only seen occasionally from the passing train of cars. The town of Prescott, 113 miles from Montreal, and 60 miles from Kingston, is advantageously situated on the north bank of the St. Lawrence, opposite the village of Ogdensburgh. It con- tains a population of about 3,000 inhabitants. ( See page 259.) The Ottawa and Prescott Railroad, 54 miles in length, ex- tends from Prescott to Ottawa City, intersecting the Grand Trunk Railway one and a half miles from the St. Lawrence River. On leaving Prescott the railroad runs through a level country to Kemptville, 23 miles, and thence to Ottawa City, a further distance of 30 miles. This is now the most speedy and '■aiamm MONIIJEAL TO TORONTO, KTCJ. 79 favorite route from Montreal to the Upper Ottav^a, passengers' baggage being checked through, via Prescott. BRocKvrLi.E, 125 miles above Montreal, and 208 miles below Toronto. IS one of the most important stations on the line of the fnnn uZ""' ^"''''^' '' ^'^"^ "" ^^"^^"^^^^S *«^^ of about 5,000 inhabitants. The Brockville and Ottawa Railroad will ^ end from tins place to Pembroke, situated 100 miles above Uttawa City. The railroad route from Brockville to Kingston, 48 imles, continues along the north shore of Lake Ontario to Cobourg,90 miles farther, and thence to Toronto, 70 miles- being a total distance of 333 miles. ' Toronto, etc., see Trip from Hamilton and Tormto to Kin.s. ton, etc. ° 80 MOJfTREAL. The City of Montreal, the largest and chief seat of com- merce of British America, is favorably situated at the head of Ghip navigation on the left bank of the St. Lawrence River, here about two miles in width. It lies 170 miles above Quebec and 850 miles below Toronto, by water, in N, lat. 45= 30', and W. long. 73° 25' from Greenwich. The site, although not so commanding as Quebec, is in every other respect superior, lying at the foot of a romantic eminence from which it derives its name, called Mount Royal, which hill rises in picturesque beauty, about one mile from the city, to the height of 550 feet, forming a prominent object in the picture from every point of view. The streets, although somewhat irregular, present a fine and clean appearance. Notre Dame Street, the Broadway of Montreal, is the principal promenade and seat of the fashion- able retail trade ; it is about one mile in length and has many elegant stores, built of stone in the most durable manner. St. Paul Street, lying nearer the water, is mostly filled with whole- sale stores. Great St. James Street is a wide and beautiful avenue, where are located most of the banks and insurance offices; together with hotels and other substantial buildings. McGill Street is filled with stores and oflBces of different kinds, running across the streets enumerated above. Water Street, Commissioners' Street, and Common Street extend the entire length of the city, facing on the St. Lawrence River and La Chine Canal ; at times presenting a pleasinjr and lively appear- ance when the harbor and canal are filled with steamers and sail vessels of different kinds. From whatever side the city is approo -^d, either by water or land, the scene is one of much interesi , if from the St. Lawrence, Victoria Bridge and islands first attract attention : then the splendid towers of the Cathedral, the tall spires of other churches, the elegant front of Bonsecours MONTREAL. 81 Market, the Diagnificent stone quay, and the long range of cut- stone buildings which front the river, form at once a tout en- semble which is linequaled. The public buildings in Montreal are numerous ; many of I hem massive and costly edifices. The most noted is the Roman Catholic or French Cathedral, situated on Notre Dame Street frontmg the Place d'Armes; it is built in the Gothic style of architecture, 255 feet in length by 131 in breadth ; it has six tow- ers, of which the three belonging to the main front are 220 feet in height. The principal window is 64 feet in height and 32 m breadth. The interior has several desks or altars, and IS capable of accommodating from 6 to 7,000 persons, who can disperse by several outlets. « This church boasts the possession of a magnificent set of bells, one of which, weigh- ing thirteen tons, is hung in ih^ western tower, and is the lavgest bell in America. Under the church, the entire space IS occupied by a cemetery-in which the more wealthy of the Roman Catholics are interred." The Seminary of St Sulpice adjommg the Cathedral, is a substantial stone building, at pres- nt only finished to the extent of half the proposed plan In this building ic transacted all the parochial business, and also the secular affairs connected with the very valuable property belonging to the priests of the seminary. There are several other Roman Catholic churches, mostly belonging to the order of St. Sulpice, to the members of which Montreal chiefly owed its foundation, and who still hold the seigniory of ih^ island on which it stands. The Protestant churches, consisting of the Church of England or Episcopal, the Church of Scotland (Presbyterian), the Con- gregational, the Baptist, the Methodist, and other persuasions are numerous; V.o„:roal being justly celebrated for its church edifices and church ^oing people. There are also a great num- tar of nunneries and charitable institutions in the city both under Romon Catholic and Protestant management. The court- house and prison are new and substantial stone buildings, occu- pying the site of the former college of the Jesuits. The govern- 82 MONTREAL. ment house, barracVs, ordnance office, six banks, and five market-houses, the principal of which is the Bonsecours Market, are among the remaining public buildings. Nelson's Monument, a colossal statue of tlie hero of the Nile, is placed on a Doric column, the pedestal of which has bas-reliefs representing na-val actions. McGill College is beautifully situated at the base of the mountain, and is richly endowed. Here are also a Baptist college and two Roman Catholio colleges, besides numerous other educational institutions. Montreal has a theater-royal, an exchange building, a penitentiary, a house of industry, a hospital, water Avorks, gas works, a custom-house, a board of trade, scientific institutions, religious and benevolent institu- tions, and numerous well-kept liotels. The favorable position of Montreal for trade and commerce, both foreign and domestic, makes it a great thoroughfare for men of business, as well as of tlie pleasure-seeking community. The facilities afforded by means of the St. Lawrence and Ot- tawa rivers, in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway and other railroads, open a ready communication, not only with all parts of Canada, but with Portland, Me., Boston, and the city of New York ; the latter city being only 400 miles distant, and connected during the season of navigation by two popular lines of travel. The harbor, tliough not large, is safe and conven- ient ; vessels drawing 15 feet may lie close to the quay, which is a most substantial stone structure of upward one mile in length. The La Chine Canal, nine miles long, admits steam- ers of a large size on their upward trips, they usually running the Eapids on their downward trips from the Lakes above and the Ottawa River. Besides steamers of a large class running to Quebec, steamships run regularly, during the season of navi- gation, between Montreal and Liverpool, making quick and profitable voyages. The trade through Lake Champlain, mostly by means of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, 44 miles in length, is immense— so much so as to require a ship canal from Caughanawa, or opposite Montreal, tc the navigable waters of the Richelieu River, the outlet of Lake Champlain. MONTREAL. 83 The Montreal and Plattsburgh Railroad, 52 miles in length, uniting with the La Chine Railroad, forms a direct line of travel to Plattsburgh, situated on the west shore of Lake Champlain. The Montreal and Ottawa Railroad, under construction, will add greatly to the advantage of Montreal. The Victoria Bridge, now erecting across the St. Lawrence River, immediately above the city, when completed, will form one of tlie wonders of the age ; it is to cross the river from Point St. Charles to the south shore, a total length of 10,284 feet, or about 50 yards less than two miles. It is to be built on the tubular principle, and will have a track for railroad cars in the center, while on the outside of the tube there will be a balcony on each side, with a footpath for passengers. The bridge will rest on 24 piers and two abutments of limestone masonry ; the center span being 330 feet long, and GO feet high from summer water-level, descending at either end at the rate of one in 130. It is in every respect to be built in the most substantial manner, and, when completed, will cost the enor- mous sum of £ 1 ,250,000 sterling, or $6,250,000. The contents of the masonry will be 3,000,000 of cubic feet. The weight of iron in the tubes 8,000 tons. The following are the dimensions of tube through which the trains pass in the middle span, viz. : 22 feet high, 10 feet vnde ; at the extreme ends, 19 feet high, 16 feet wide. This gigantic structure is in rapid progress of construction, and, it is understood, will be completed in 1859, or early in 1860. The drives and inviting excursions about Montreal are nu- merous, and highly appreciated by visitors from more southern climes. The foremost stands the excursion around the mount- ain, which stands as a beacon to point out the true position of the city on nearing or departing from this romantic city. Other drives up or down the St. Lawrence, or on almost any part of the fertile island of Montreal, are attended with pleasure and delightful emotions. "Besides these excursions, the tourist will find his time well repaid by a visit to the Saut-au-Recol- lect, which is a series of Rapids at the northern side of the 84 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. island, on a branch of the Ottawa called La Riviere des Prairies. Here, besides the beauty of the scenery, he may see the rafts from the Ottawa making the descent— an exciting exploit both to the spectators and hardy crews, though from the rarity of accidents we must conclude that the skill of the voyageurs has taught them to avoid any real danger." Population of Montreal— 1852. Males 27,586 Other countries 1,457 Females 30,129 Roman Catholics 41,466 Total population 57,715 Protestants 16,196 French Canadians .... 26,020 Number of houses .... 7,420 British Canadians 12,494 " families . . . 9,990 English, Irish, & Scotch 17,774 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA. The Grand Trunk Railway, the greatest scheme of its kind in America, embraces in its ramifications the construction of a continuous line of railway from Trois Pistoles, C. E., about loO miles below Quebec, on the southern side of the river St. Lawrence, the point at which a junction with the proposed Hal- ^ax Rnihvay is looked forward to— and Port Sarnia, C. W., on Lake Huron, a distance of upward of 800 miles— also a branch hne of 50 miles in length, from Belleville to PeterborouMi, C. W —and the leasing of the railroad then already built°between Montreal and Portland, Me., so that th^ products of the west- ern points of the Province might be conv-,yed through Canada to the Atlantic seaboard, without break of guage or bulk. The total length of unbroken railway communication which will thus be obtained, when the St. Lawrence River is spanned by the Victoria Bridge, a structure unequaled in the history of engineering, either in size or in massive proportions— is up- ^n'knn^nlA-^^-? ^'^®^' '^^^ Original capital of the company was A- J,t)UU ,U00, but this being found insufficient, it has been de- i^^-^nnnV^ increase this amount to £12,000,000 sterling, or $60,000,000. Of this sum the Province has an interest in the undertaking, in the shape of a guaranty, to an amount of up- ward of £3,000,000 sterling, or $15,000,000. Of the worL proposed, however, it was found necessary, from several causes. \ 1 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. 85 1,457 41,466 16,196 7,420 9,990 i SI Vl io place in abeyance the prosecution of three different sections of the work, viz., the distance between St. Thomas to Trois Pis- toles, 100 miles ; from Belleville to Peterborough, 50 miles ; and from St. Mary's to Sarnia, 68 miles. But these sections will doubtless ere long be proceeded with ; in the first case, because the Lower Provinces in all probability, assisted by the Imperial Government, will complete their railway communication to Trois Pistoles, in order to connect it with the Canadian railway system ; and in the latter two cases, simply because the traffic of the country will very speedily demand the construction of these lines. With these curtailments, and they are but temporary, the Grand Trunk Railway is now composed of the following sec- tions, viz. : Montreal to Portland 292 miles. Richmond to Port Levi, opposite Quebec, St. Thomas. 137 " Montreal to Toronto 333 " Toronto to Stratford 88 " Making a total mileage of 850 miles. The works throughout the whole of this great length of line have been pronounced by competent authorities, both En- glish and American, to be altogether unequaled by any rail- way on this continent, and reflect much credit, not only on the engineer of the company, but also on the several agents of the contractors. On an average, there is a station to every six miles, two men to every three miles, and a locomotive to every four miles. Apart from the through travel between the East and the West, which must be very large, the junctions between other railways and the Grand Trunk Railway throughout the Prov- ince are very numerous, and will provide a heavy traffic, both of passengers and freight. 24 ifl 86 I TRIP FROM MONTREAL TO OTTAWA CfTY AND THE UPPER OTTAWA RIVER. Tourists who design to visit the Ottawa River, and view its vaned and beautiful scenery, should leave Montreal by stelm :1 T r T^ ' '''^'''' ''' ^"^"^ C^*^' 90 miles far. th r or ,f desired, continue the railroad route to Prescott, 113 mdes from Montreal, and proceed by Ottau^a and Prescott Hail, Chil , T ^''^''''^ '^^^^ ^^^^«y« passengers to La tawa cHr ^^'^'' ''''""''' '^'^''* ^^^^^'' ^'* At S-r. Annk's, 14 miles above La Chine, the steamer passes sifo; :V' '::' ^ -'^ ^^' ^'^ ^^^^ ^^"^- «- - ' - cession of rapids in the river, and several small islands The village IS handsomely situated on the southwest end of the i^! and of Montreal, and is the place where the poet Moore located the scene of his admired Canadian Boat Song.* ' • ''^^"^ CANADIAN BOAT SONG. BY THOMAS MOORK. Faintly as tolls the evening chime, Our voices keep tune and our oars keen t\m^ • Soon as the woods on shore look d?m, ^^ ^'""^ ' Row^hr* ?>!• "^^"^'^ ^»'- Pa'-^ng hymn. ThrkSu""' '""^^ *^« streanfruns fast, 1 he Rapids are near and the daylight's past. Why should we yet our sail unfurl ? R „f wi.'l°Ph * ^'■^?*^ ^h« ^l"e wave to curl • But when the wind blows off the shore Oh .'sweetly we'U rest our weary oa? ' Thn p?*"?^^®^' ^^''^' ^^^ stream runs fa«.t The Kapids are near and the daylight's past. oWig?d^:STu?itefttSl^hte'rth'^ tr' --« ^-«-,y small depth of water Lre affSed it is frnm t m ''•. "^' ^^'°S *« ^^J nadians consider they take their denartnrA ^^T '^^'^ village that the Ca- possesses the last church on tSiffl of Mnnr^'l"^'?.^ ^^^ Ottawa, as it the tutelar saint of voyagems Montreal, which la dedicated to MONTKEAL TO OTTAWA CITY. 87 IND THE id view its Y steamer, St. Anne's, miles far- scott, 113 cott Rail- ers to Lft Y for Ot- er passes is a suc- ds. The ' the isl- 3 located ormerly r to the the Ca- y&y as it Jated to Otfawa'8 tide ! this trembling moon Shall see us float over thy surges soon. Saint of this jireeti isle ! hear our prayers, Oh ! prant us conl heavens and favoring airs. Blow, breezes, blow, the stream runs fast, The Rapids are near and the daylight's past. Two miles west of St. Anne's commences the Lake of the Two Mountains, being an expansion of the Ottawa, about ten miles long and eight miles w ule. Here a branch of the river diverges toward the northeast, forming the west b* undary of the island of Montreal. Two hills to the north, elevated 400 or 500 feet above the river at the distance of a few miles, give the name to this body of water. The Indian Vii.lage of the Two Mountains is situated on the north side of the ttawa, about 25 miles west of La Chine. Here reside the remii nts of two tribes, the Mohawks and Al- gonquins. The settlements are divided by a Roman Catholic church, standing near the river side. On the hill toward the north are situated three or four chapels. The highest summit of the hill or mountain, one or two miles distant, is called Cal- vary, and is visited by the Indians and whites on certain re- ligious festivals of he Roman Catholic Church. Here the river contracts in width to about half a mile, for a distance of one mile, when it again expands, forming the Upper Lake of the Two Mountains. About nine miles farther west the river a^ain contracts to half a mile in width. On the south is passed the settlement of Regaud, and a mountain of the same name. Carillon, eight miles farther, is on the north side of the Ottawa. Here are rapids in the river, and the navigation by steamboat is continued by means of a lock and canal, 12 miles in length. At Point Fortune, opposite Carillon, passengers going to the Caledonia Springs usually take a stage for L'Original, a distance of 18 miles, along the south bank of the Ottawa, which affords some picturesque views. At Grenville, 12 miles from Carillon, navigation is resumed on the Ottawa River, for a further distance of 68 miles. :i # IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) t<' «^ ^^ :/ f/j % 1.0 I.I l^|2.8 us 2.2 12 1^ [2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -^ 6" — 1* V] *• v ' each manned by three or four hprH^JiV! ^ °^ timber, is attached, and a ItomanCaSuo cdW .L p "rl^"*""' pital, the Terminus of the Pr^ott anTfitf ,1 n •f**''' ^'^ the steamboat wharf. AmongTe "Sets weU wortll'r^' *?" uTa?saS!^"Artn*S"?; JT' T f ^'^V^^Vclt' America, MontreS,\nYQtw h^^^ln fh'^Sl'^""' hetw?e?ttra".?Lrera^^~oft£S-^^^ " Travelers who wish to proceed farther ud thp rivAr no« + i I OTTAWA RIVER. 95 the summit of I view which we 28 in the world, rould make the has sprung up ' the abundant iterprising per- There is also nufactory. nment, for the all, over which ly, to be again hroughout the- ibs' of timber, 1, may be seen summit of the amers floating h, (jlark bosom J in the sun- tile estabb'sh- lic Cathedral, leral Hospital 'otestant hos- Railway, and rth seeing in size, recently itawa are the ews-room, to bter contain- [n Upper Ot- rhich all the >f the Crown fitish North le city, on the river and Kings- 1 leaves the who intend Trunk line, er can take about nine er there is a steamer 3 a railway ■11 about two miles; they then proceed by another steamer to i'ortage du Foft; here wagons are used for a short distance. and another steamer takes them to Pembroke, and again an- other from that point to Deux Joachim, where for the present navigation ceases for any thing larger than a canoe A rail- road is under construction, extending from Pembroke to Brock- vllle, situated on the St. Lawrence River. '« Immediately below the city of Ottawa the river Rideau dis- charges into the Ottawa, falling gently over the edge of a lime- stone precipice like a beautifully transparent ' curtain' of water, from which resemblance i*.s name has been derived ; the fall is divided into two portions by a small rocky island, which adds greatly to the picturesqueness of the scene. The Rideau Falls are best seen from a boat. " A mile lower it receives from the north its greatest tribu- tary, the Gatincau, which, with a course probably of four hun- dred and twenty miles, drains an area of twelve thousand square miles. For about two hundred miles the upper course of this river is in the unknown northern country. At the farthest point surveyed, two hundred and seventeen miles from its mouth, the Gatineau is still a noble stream, a thousand feet wide, diminished in depth, but not in width. " Eighteen miles lower down the Riviere au Lievre enters from the north, after running a course of two hundred and sixty miles in length, and draining an area of four thousand one hundred miles. Fifteen miles below it the Ottawa receives the North and South Nation rivers on either side, the former ninety-five and the latter a hundred miles in length. Twenty- two miles farther the river Rouge, ninety miles long, enters from the north. Twenty-one miles lower the Riviere du Nord, a hundred and sixty miles in length, comes in on the same side, and lastly, just above its mouth, it receives the river Assump- tion, which has a course of a hundred and thirty miles. " From Ottawa the river is navigable to Grenville, a distance of fifty-eight miles, where the rapids that occur for twelve miles are avoided by a succession of canals. Twenty-three miles lower, at one of the mouths of the Ottawa, a single lock, to avoid a slight rapid (St. Anne's Rapid), gives a passage into Lake St. Louis, an expansion of the St. Lawrence above Montreal. " The remaining half of the Ottawa's waters find their way to the St. Lawrence, by passing in two channels behind the Island of Montreal and the Isle Jesus, in a course of thirty- one miles. They are interrupted virith rapids, still it is by one of them that all the Ottawa lumber passes to market. At Bout de risle, therefore, the Ottawa is finally merged in the St. Lawrence, a hundred and thirty miles below from the city of Ottawa. ( N m m 96 OTTAWA RIVER. "The most prominent characteristic of the Ottawa is its great volume. Even above the town, where it has to receive tributaries equal to the Hudson, the Shannon, the Thames the 1 weed, the 8pey, and the Clyde, it displays, when unconfined, ?u^^?. u^^ ^^^/.f ""^® ^^ strong, boiling rapid ; and when at tne highest, while the north waters are passing, the volume by calculated approximation, is fully equal to that passing JNiagara— that ia, double the common volume of the Ganges " Taking a bird's-eye view of the valley of the Ottawa,' we see spread out before us a country equal to eight times the State ot Vermont, or ten times that of Massachusetts, with its great artery, the Ottawa, curving through it, resembling the Rhine in length of course, and the Danube in magnitude. " This immense region overlies a variety of geological form- ations, and presents all their characteristic features, from the level uniform surface of the Silurian system, which prevails along a great extent of the Ottawa, to the rugged and roman- tic ridges in the metamorphio and primitive formations, which stretch far away to the north and the northwest. "A3 far as our knowledge of the country extends, we find the greater part of it covered with a luxuriant growth of red and white pine timber, making the most valuable forests in the world, abundantly intersected with large rivers, fitted to con- vey the timber to market when manufactured. " The remaining portion of it, if not so valuably wooded, presents a very extensive and advantageous field for settlement Apart from the numerous townships already surveyed and partly settled, and the large tracts of good land interspersed through- out the timber country, the great region on the upper course of the western tributaries of the Ottawa, behind the red pine country exceeds the State of New Hampshire in extent, with an equal climate and superior soil. It is generally a beautiful undulating country, wooded with a rich growth of maple, beech, birch, elm, etc , and watered with lakes and streams afFordinff numerous mill-sites and abounding in fish. Flanking on thi one side the lumbering country, which presents an excellent market for produce, and adjoining Lake Huron on the other, tbe situation, though comparatively inland, is highly advan- tageous. In the diversity of resources, the Ottawa country above described presents unusual attractions alike to agricul- tural and commercial enterprise." Otiawa is its has to receive he Thames, the len unconfined, ; and when at ig, the volume, ) that passing the Ganges, he Ottawa, we times the State with its great ing the llhine le. jological form- ures, from the nce stages run to Fort Ticonderoga, at the steamboat land- jing on Lake Champlain ; where steam passage boats, on their route from Whitehall to BurHngton and Rouse's Point, touch daily during the season of navigation. This route is varied in [scenery, and deeply interesting in historical incidents. The romantic village of Caldwell, lying at the south end [of the lake, contains a court-house and jail, two churches, and I - L ■• ;:iiui r !iiilf! 98 LAKE GEORGE, OK HORICON. a number of hau'lsorao private rosidences, besides Fort IViHiam Henry Hotel and the Lake House, two popular public housea, 'whlcli are usually thronged with fashionable visitors during the Bummer months. " Lake George abounds with small and beautiful islandt*. amonn- the moot important of which are Diamond Island, Tea IsbincT, and Long Island. Roger's liock or Slide, and Anthony s Nose, the former on the west and the latter on the east side, aio two precipices worthy of note. Howe's Landing, just behind an island at the outlet of the lake, denotes the spot where the un- fortunate expedition of Abercrombie landed, and derives its name from Lord Howe, who acccmpanied and fell in that ex- pedition, in 1768. " This lake and its vicinity has been the scene of several im- portant battles. One whicH has been generally known as the Bnttlr of Lake George, was fought at the head of the lake in 1755, between the French under the Baron Dieskau, and the Englisli under Sir Wm. Johnson. Dieskau attacked the English in their encampment, but was defeated and slain. The loss of the English was 130 slain, and that of the French about 700.* " Thy most shocking transaction in the vicinity of this lake was the Massacre at Fort William Henry in 1757. A British and Provincial army having been collected at Fort Edward and Fort William Henry under Gen. Webb, for the reduction of the French works on Lake Champlain, the French sent a large array up the lake under Gen. Montcalm, for their defense. Gen. Webb, then at Fort William Henry, learning from Maj. Putnam that this force had entered Lake George, returned immediately to Fort Edward, and the day following sent Col. Monroe, with his regiment, to reinforce the garrison at the lake. The day after Monroe's arrival the French appeared at the fort, laid siege to it, and demanded its surrender. The garrison, con- sisting of 2,500 men, defended themselves with much bravery for several days, with the expectation of succor from Fort Ed- ward. But as none came, Monroe was obliged on the 9th of August to capitulate. By the articles of capitulation, all the public property was to be delivered to Montcalm, and the gar- rison were to march out with their arms and baggage, and to be escorted to Fort Edward, on condition of not serving against the French within the period of eighteen months. ♦• The garrison had no sooi r marched out of the fort than a scene of perfidy and barbarity comm^ced, which it is impos- Bible for language to describe. Regardless of the articles of capitulation, the Indians attached to the French army fell upon * See Thompson's Vermont, Part II., page 8. 4 Mi LAKE OEOHOE, OR HORICON. 99 e of several im- y known as the d of the lake in ieskau, and the iked the English in. The loss of ich about 700. ' lity of this lake 757. A British ort Edward and reduction of ihe ;nt a large array defense. Gen. ini Maj. Putnam led immediately )1. Monroe, with lake. The day it the fort, laid e garrison, con- 1 much bravery ir from Fort Ed- i on the 9th of tulation, all the m, and the gar- baggage, and to 1 serving agains; IS. ' the fort than a lich it is impos- F the articles of bi army fell upon ige 8. the defenseless soldiers, plupd'?ring and hiuiihiing all that fell in th^-ir way. The French otfioera w. ro i l:o .spectators of this bloody scene; nor couM .ill thu euUcaiies of Monrot persuade them to furnish the piuini.sed escort. On tliat fatal day about 1,500 of the English v ere either murdered by the savages or carried by them into captivity never to return. •' The day following these horrid transactions, Mnjor Putnam was dispatched from Fort Edward with his rangers to watch the motions of the enemy. He reached Lake George just nfter the rear of the enemy had left the shore, and the scene which was presented he describes a" awful indeed. 'The fort was entirely destroyed ; the barracks, out-houses, and buildings were a heap of ruins— the cannon, scores, boats, and vessels were all carried away. The fires were siill burning — the smoke and ste.'^^h offensive and suflFccating Innumerable fragments of humai> .skulls, and bones and carcasses half consumed, were still frying' and broiling in the dec ying fires. Dead bodies mangled wi ch scalping-knives and tomahawks, in all the wan- tonness of Indian barbarity, »vere everywhere to be seen. More than 100 women, butchered and shockingly mangled, lay upon the ground still weltering in their g^ore. Devastation, barbar- ity, and horror everywhere appeared ; and the spectacle pre- sented, was too diabolical and awful either to be endured or described.' " 8TEAMEE ON LAKE GEOEGE. A NEW steamboat is being built on Lake George in the place qf the John Jay, burned in July last. She is 145 feet long and 2G feet wide. The boiler and furnace are placed in com- partments, incased in iron, entirely fire-proof, no expense being spared in order tc make her a beautiful and safe passenger boat. Her name, " Minne ♦ha-ha," a romantic one, is selected with great appropriateness from Longfellow's Hiawatha • " With him dwelt his dark-eyed daughter, Wayward as the Minnehaha; With her moods of shade and sunshine, 1 Eyes that frowned and smiled alternate, Feet as rapid as the .-iver, Tresses flowing like the water, And as musical a laughter ; And he named her from the river, From the waterfall he named her Minne-ha-ha — laughing water. '^ V'l 100 FALLS OF TICONDEROGA. the Falls of Ticonderoga, situated on the outlet of Lako George, are well worthy the attentiou of tourists. Here are two ir-^jortant cascades within the distance of two or three miles, suiTounded by mountain scenery of great historic in- terest. The Copper Falls, near the village of .Mexandria, are formed by a succession of descents of upward of 200 feet within the distance of a mile, aflfording water-power unsurpassed by any other locality in the State for safety and a steady flow of water, the stream not being subject to freshets. The Lower Fall, in the village of Ticonderoga, has a perpendicular fall of 30 feet, being much used for hydraulic purposes. The ruins of old Fort 'Piconderoga, two miles below this place, are situ- ated on a point of land at the entrance of the outlet of Lake George into Lake Champlain, standing on an eminence of about 60 feet, overlooking the lake ; the ruins are plainly visible from the water, presenting a conspicuous and interesting object. About 1,800 yards southwest stands Mount Defiance, rising 750 feet above the lake, overlooking and commanding the site of Fort Ticonderoga. A public house, for the accommodation of visitors, stands near the steamboat landing. DISTANCES FROM CALDWELL TO ALBA.. Y, via SARATOGA CALDWELL Glenn's Falls, Stage. . 9 Moreau Station " . . 5 Saratoga Springs. .15 Ballston Spa 7 Mechanicsville 13 Junction Al>)any R.R. 6 Waterford ..,__,_ 2 Cohoes 1 Troy 3 ALBANY 6 SPRINGS. ALBANY 9 Troy 6 14 Cohoes 3 29 Waterford l 36 Junction Albany R.R 2 49 Mechanicsville 6 55 Ballston Spa 13 2 57 Saratoga Sppings. . 7 6 9 10 12 18 31 on 58 Moreau Station 15 53 61 Glenn's Falls, Stage. . 5 68 67 CALDWELL " .9 67 >utlet of Lako ts. Here are two or three t historic in- exandria, are 00 feet within [Surpassed by iteady flow of The Lower [icular fall of J. The ruins ace, are situ- utlet of Lake ence of about J visible from isting object. fiance, rising iding the site icommodation t SARATOGA .... .... 6 6 .... 3 9 .... 1 10 R.R 2 12 .... 6 18 ....13 31 GS. . 7 82 ....15 58 'ge... 5 68 LAKE CHAMPLAIIf. 9 67 One of the most interesting and lovely bodies of water in North America lies between the States of New York and Ver- mont, through which runs the boundary line from near White- hall to lat. 45°, being a distance of 116 miles; it may bo said to extend four miles farther, into Canada, making the whole length of the lake 120 miles; varying from half a mile or less to twelve miles in width. Its direction is nearly north and south, and it is a long, narrow, and deep body of water, dotted with a number of islands, the largest of which belong to Ver- mont. From Whitehall to Crown Point the lake is quite nar- row, but here it begins to expand, and soon becomes three miles wide, still increasing northward until near Burlington, where it spreads to its greatest width. Missisquoi Bay, an extension of Lake Champlain on the northeast, lies mcstly in Canada, above the 45th degree of north latitude. Steamboats of tue first class, and sloops of from 50 to 100 tons burden, navigate Lake Champlain its wliole length, thence dowu the Sorelle, or Richelieu River, its outlet, to St. John's, Canada, where steamboat navigation ceases ; a total distance of about 140 miles. This lakers also connected with the navigable waters of the Hudson, by means of the Champlain Canal, which extends south, a distance of 63 miles. As you approach near the center of Lake Champlain, a large body of water presents itself to view, bordered by scenery of the most picturesque description; the headlands which are seen to great advantage, and the vast ranges of mountains on either side, aro truly grand and romantic. The highest peak of the Green Muuntains, called the " Camcrs Hump," is seen on the east, wlille the high ranges of the mountains of Essex County are seen on the west. This latter range of mountain peaks, the Adirondack u ' ■ t>.' 102 LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 1 ' i i group, contains the highest land in the State of New York, rising in some places to the height of 6,000 feet and upward, abounding with iron ore and timber of large growth. In the streams which flow into this lake are frequent waterfalls of great beauty ; and the fine headlands, with numerous indenta- tions and bays of sin!:^ular beauty, only need to be seen to be admired. Its waters, are well stored with salmon, salmon trout, sturgeon, pickerel, and other fish. " Lake Champlain was discovered by Samuel Champlain in July, 1609, having founded the colony of Quebec in 1608; in June, 1809, he, with a number of French and Indians, pro- ceeded in a shallop up the St. Lawrence and river Iroquoia, now Richelieu, till stopped by the Chambly Rapids. From this place he determined to proceed in Indian canoes, but the Frenchmen manifested great reluctance, and only two would be parsuaded to accompany him. With these and about sixty of the natives, having transported their canoes by the rapids on the 2d of July, md, proceeding southward, on the 4th of July he entered the lake " Champlain and his party proceeded along the west shore, advancing by water during the night and retiring into the forests by day, to avoid being discovered by the Iroquois, be- tween whom and the Canada Indians a war was then carried on. As they drew near the enemy's country they proceeded with great caution, but on the 29th of July, in the evening, they fell in with a large war party of the Iroquois. Both parties drew up to the shore, and the night was spent in preparation for battle, and in singing and taunting each other. In the morning an engagement took place, but the Frenchmen being armed with muskets, it was decided in favor of Champlain and his party, a large number of the Iroquois being slain and seve- ral taken prisoners. With these they returned immediately to their shallop. Champlain says that this battle was fought in lat. 43° and some minutes, and the place is supposed to liave been on the west shore of Lake George. The present name of Lake Champlain was given by its discoverer during his first visit, as he informs us in his journal. He was not drowned in its waters, as has been sometimes said, but died at Quebec in 1635. One of the Indian names of this lake was Petawa-Bouque, signifying alternate land and water, in allu- Another is said to have been Caniaderi- Guarunte, signifying the mouth or door of the country. If so, it was very appropriate, as it forms the gate-way between the country on the St. Law- LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 103 rence and that on the Hudson. In more recent times the In- dians called it Corlear, in honor of a Dutchman who saved a war party of Canada Indians from being destroyed by the Mo- hawks in 1665. •* The first steamboat built on this lake commenced running in 1809. The line boats have always been favorably known to travelers either for business or pleasure, for the manner in which they have been managed — their neat and orderly ap- pearance—obliging and attentive ofl&cers and efficient crews. At present there are daily lines to and from Whitehall and Rouse's Point, stopping afc Ticonderoga, Burlington, Plattsburgh, and intermediate places, connecting with the various railroads — also numerous ferry boats, propellers, and tow boats, besides more than 300 sloops, canal boats, barges, etc." Champlain Canal connects the waters of the Hudson with Lake Champlain. It is 64 miles long, 40 feet wide at the top and 28 at the bottom, with a navigable /(?e St. Albans" Vt. Rouse's Point. Ethan Allen, Capt. Wriffht, 500 Whitehall to St. John'3, Can. [Oliver Bascom, " Eldridge, 360 Fames H. Hooker, Propeller (( (« STEAMBOAT AND RAILROAD ROUTE FROM WHITEHALL TO BURLINGTON, ROUSE'S POINT, AND MONTREAL. Landings, etc. '^HITEHALL, N. Y. Jenson, Vt )rwell, " Ticonderoga, N. Y. . Larabee's Point, Vt. )rown Point, N. Y. . *ort Henry, " Testport, " . Miles. Stations, etc. Montreal, Can. . . . 13 St. John's, " . . . 7-20- Rouse's Point, N. Y.. 4-24 Plattsburgh, " . 1-25 Port Kent, «' . 8-33 Burlington, Vt. 8-41 Essex, N. Y........ 9-50 Westport, " 12-62 Port Henry, N. Y., Crown Point, " . Larabee's Point, Vt sex, Jurlington, Vt 14-76 *ort Kent, N. Y 10-86 nattsburgh, " .... 15-101 Ticonderoga, N. Y. "iouse's Point, N. Y. . 25-126 Orwell, Vt Jt. John's, Can 23-149 Benson, ** lONTREAL, " 21-170 Whitehall, N. Y. FsuAL Time from Whitehall to Rouse's Point, 9 hours. " " Fare $3 00 Rouse's Point to Montreal, 2 hours. Through Fare 4 50 Miles. 21 23-44 25-69 15-84 10-94 14-108 12-120 9-129 8-137 8-145 1-146 4-150 7-157 13-170 (( om Whitehall to RAILROAD ROUTE FROM WHITEHALL TO ALBANY. Stations. Miles. Total Miles. WHITEHALL Fort Anne 11 11 Fort Edward 12 23 Moreau Station 1 24 Saratoga Springs 15 39 Ballston Spa 7 46 Mechanicsville. 13 69 Wn4'A'M''n/l Q />>T •• t^!:-.-.'ilVi->A O XJi Troy 4 71 ALBANY 6 ....'.'.'.'. 77 Usual Time, 3J hours. Fare, $2 88. !»'l •rr 106 WHITEHALL. !i!i "l! The village of Whitehall, 77 miles north of Albany by railroad route, is situated in a narrow valley at the head of Lake Champlain, and at the junction of the Champlaiu Canal with the lake, being a secure and important naval station in time of war. The village was incorporated in 1820, and now contains four churches, three hotels, a bank, 30 stores of different kinds, several storehouses, and extensive forwarding houses ; two ship-yards and two dry docks, where are built and repaired steamboats, lake craft, and canal boats ; machine-shops, brick-yards, tanneries, and other manufacturing establishments. Population about 4,000. Besides the daily line of steamers running from Whitehall to Burlington, Plattsburgh, and Rouse's Point on the north, the Saratoga and Whitehall Railroad extends 40 miles south, to Saratoga Springs, and a branch ra'lroad extends east to Rut- land, Vt., connecting with the Rutland and Burlington Rail- road, thus forming speedy facilities for reaching New York and Boston by railroad routes. In the immediate vicinity of Whitehall are high and rugged hills, while to the south lies the valley formed by Wood Creek, heading near the banks of the Hudson. Through this valley, during the old French War of 1759, and the Revolutionary War of 1776, the French, the British, and the American armies each marshaled their forces preparatory to attack, or on their retreat. This place was formerly called Skeenesborough. The Indian name was said to be Kah-sha-quah-na, or place where dip fish. Here, during the Revolutionary War, for a time, was the rendez rous of the American forces ; this point and Lake George being the only two accessible approaches from Canada, by the invading foe, under Gen. Burgoyne. Here, too, during the old French W.ir, Gen. Putnam distinguished him self, both in battle and in an adroit escape from Indian foes, hav- Skeenesborough, and swam his horse to the opposite shore, thus eluding their pursuit. Peaceful pursuits and pleasure now render this place a great thoroughfare. 107 of Albany by sy at the head the Champlain aportant naval orated in 1820, bank, 30 stores sive forwarding re are built and machine-shops, establishments. im Whitehall to the north, the miles south, to is east to Rut- irlington Rail- New York and igh and rugged J Wood Creek, Lgh this valley, olutionary War merican armies ack, or on their Uceenesborough. ih-na, or place ary War, for a 'ces; this point approaches from ne. Here, too, inguished hira adian foes, hav- . WIT 1 A m runi-wi rtT (site shore, thus plea^re now %m TRIP FROM y/IIITEHALL TO BURLINGTON AND ROUSE'S POINT. This excursion, during the summer months, is the most grand and interesting of any of similar extent in North America — passing through a romantic lake, with high mountains in the distance, and past scenes rendered classic by their associations with events chat occurred during the old French and Revolu- tionary wars. On leaving the new steamboat wharf, about one mile north of Whitehall, an interest is at once excited in the breast of all intelligent travelers. The hills rise abruptly to the height of several hundred feet, while the lake or outlet of Wood Creek is hemmed in for several miles by rocky cliffs. The Elbow, the JN'arrowSy the Pulpit, and other names, are given to the most interesting points. Benson, 13 mile" below Whitehall, is the first steamboat landing. Here the waters begin to widen to about half a mile in width. Orwell, seven miles farther, is another steamboat landing. Here the lake widens from one to two miles. TieoNDEROGA, 24 miles north of Whitehall, and four miles east of the foot of Lake George, is a sacred and romantic spot, where is a convenient steamboat landing and a good hotel, be- sides the celebrated ruins of the old Fort. Fort Ticonderoga. — The ruins of this old fortification are situated in the town of Ticonderoga, Essex Co., on the west side of Lake Champlain, at the entrance of the outlet of Lake George, 24 miles north of Whitehall. This place was originally called Che-o7i-(ler-o-ga by the Indians, signifying, in their language, noise, and applied to the falls in the outlet of Lake George ; its name was afterward slightly changed by the French into its S''j H < i mi kt ; f" ( ,; 108 WHITEHALL TO ROUSE S POINT. present appellation, which it has borne ever since ij; was first occupied and fortified by them in 1766. The fort was at first named Fort Carillon ^ but afterward called Fort Ticonderoga by the English and Americans This fortification cost the French government a large sum of money, and was considered very strong, both by nature and art. It stands on a point of land elevated 70 feet above Lake Champlain, being surrounded on three sides by water, and on the northwest it was defended by strong breastworks. Mount Independence, on the opposite or east side of the lake, was also fortified, and some of the in- trenchments are still visible, elevated 110 feet above the lake, and overlooking the peninsula of Ticonderoga. After several sanguinary conflicts in this vicinity, and under the very walls of the fort, in which several thousand lives were sacrificed, this important military position was tamely evacuated by the French in 1759, and given up to the British army under Lord Amherst ; who retained possession until it was taken by surprise by Col. Ethan Allen, of the American army, in 1775. He is said to have entered the fort through a subterraneous passage from the south, extending to the lake ; surprising the commandant in his bed before he was aware of his danger, and in his characteristic way required the officer to surrender. He asked to whom ? " Whyi to Jehovah and the Continental Congress, to he sure" was his laconic reply. In 1777, the British army, under Gen. Burgoyne, on their route to Saratoga, appeared in array before Ticonderoga, when Gen. St. Clair, the American commander, was forced tc evacuate ; the enemy having erected a battery on Mount Defiance, in the rear, elevated 720 feet above the lake, which overlooked and completely commanded this fortification, which was before considered almost impregnable ; it then re- mained in the hands of the British until the close of the war. Since that time it has been sufiered to go to decay, and now presents one of the inost interesting ruins of the kind in this country, and is annually visited by a great number of travelers. Near by, delightfully situated on the lake shore, is a well-kept hotel for the accommodation of visitors. Here steamboats, dur- ll ^1 WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 109 ttce U was first ort was at first •t Ticonderoga ation cost the was considered !s on a point of ing surrounded t was defended on the opposite !ome of the in- ibove the lake, After several the very walls sacrificed, this . by the French Lord Amherst ; irprise by Col. He is said to issage from the mandant in his 3 characteristic 3ked to whom ? 'sSf to be sure" ly, under Gen. in array before .n commander, >d a battery on above the lake, is fortification, [e; it then re- ose of the war. lecay, and now e kind in this »er of travelers. , is a well-kept eamboats, dur- ing the season of navigation, daily land and receive passengers on their route from Whitehall to Rouse's Point. The following account of the defkat of the British at Ticonderoga, in 1759, is taken from the "Memoirs of an American Lady," written by Mrs. Grant : " The army, under the command of Gen. Abercrombie, crossed Lake George on the 5th of July, and landed without opposition They proceeded in four columns to Ticonderoga, and displayed a spectacle unprecedented in the New World. An army of six- teen thousand men, regulars and provincials, with a train of artillery, and all the necessary provisions for an active cam- paign or regular siege, followed by a fleet of batteaux, pontons, etc. Ihey set out wrong, hr nrever, by not having Indian guides, who are alone to be depended on in such a place. In a short time the columns fell in upon each other, and occasioned much confusion. The advance guard of the French, which had re- tired before them, were equally bewildered, and falling in with each other m this confusion, a skirmish ensued, in which the French lost above three hundred men, and the English, though successful m this first rencontre, lost as much as it was possible to lose, in one man— for here it was that the valiant Lord Howe, the second in command, fell mortally wounded. He was shot |trom behind a tree, probably by some Indian; and the whole larmy were inconsolable for a loss they too well knew to be ijrpcpfxPci Dio. " The fort is in a situation of pecuUar natural strength; it lies on a little peninsula, with Lake Champlain on one side, and I narrow opemng communicating with Lake George on the jtner. This garrison, which was well prepared for attack, and [almost impregnable from situation, was defended by between lour and five thousand men. An engineer sent to reconnoiter was of opinion that it might be attacked without waiting for the artillery. The fatal resolution was taken without coLultin' those who were best qualified to judge "«"i""t, "I, can not enter into the dreadful detail of what followed (. ertainly never was infatuation equal to this. The forty-second Smn'nlTh '^'""r '""K^"'^^' '^ ^''''^'^ reputaUon, aSd commanded by a veteran of great experience and iiHtary skill, ^Ijvnr?;. "T '''''''^'^. '^^ *^^ *^^«* «^«et, and of the sur- (yivors, every officer retired wounded off t,h« fi^i'l np +i,„ ^^^^ offiopr« . ^^a a. j.i__'_ noble river has its n.ost northern source. Four Brothers are four small islands lying about seven miles southwest from Burlington, and being out of the usual ''If IBH 114 WHITEHALL TO ROUSE S POINT. mi m\ line of navigation, they are resorted to by gulls and other water-fowl for the purpose of raising their young. On Charle- voix's map of ru they are called Jsle de Quatre Vents. . Juniper Island lies about three miles southwest from Bur- lington—is composed of slate rock, with precipitous banks about thirty feet high, and covered with about a dozen acres of good soil. A light-house was erected here in 182(5. Rock Dunder is a solitary rock rising out of the water, be- tween Juniper Island and Pottier's Point, to the height of about thirty feet. Burlington, Vt., 76 miles from Whitehall, 25 miles from Pittsburgh, and 50 miles from Rouse's Point by steamboat route, is delig.itfully situated on Burlington Bay, on the east shore of Lake Champlain, and is the most important place in the State. It possesses a convenient and safe harbor for steam- boats and lake craft. The United States government have here erected a breakwater, which protects the shipping from westerly winds, and is a great addition to the security of the harbor. In 1860 it contained a population of 6,110 inhabitants; the University of Vermont, founded in 1791, occupying four spa- cious edifices, and having a medical school attached to it ; the Episcopal institute, a court-house and jail, eiglit churches of dififerent denominations, an academy, and two female semina- ries; three banking-houses, several well-kept hotels, and a number of stores of different kinds, besides several factories and mills, and almost every kind of mechanic establishments. About 1^ miles distant, on the falls of the Onion River, is a thriving manufacturing pl^ie called W'mooskU whei-e are lo- cated several large factories and mills. Burlington is, no doubt, destined rapidly to increase in wealth and population, from the fact of here centering several impor- tant lines of railroad travel, extending from Boston by two routes, through Montpelier and through Rutland. This rail- road and steamboat communication extends across Lake Cham- plain to Plattsburgh and Rouse's Point, running north to Montreal, Canada, and west to Ocrdensburgh, N. Y. ills and other J. On Charle- ? Vents. vest from Bur- ;ipitous banks dozen acres of (5. the water, be- tieight of about 25 miles from by steamboat y, on the east rtant place in bor for steam- lent have here from westerly »f the harbor, labitants; the niig four spa- ded to it ; the t churches of jraale semina- hotels, and a eral factories stablisLments. )n River, is a whei'e are lo- ease in wealth leveral impor- •oston by two i. This rail- 3 Lake Cham- ing north to I 'r 'fl Uiillil ! |l 'Ill 116 WHITEHALL TO ROUSE S POINT. Its advantages are now great, and its situation moat beauti- ful, overlooking the lake, with its bays, islands, and adjacent scenery — the passing steamboats and other vessels — and pos- sesses a beauty of location probably unsurpassed by any other place in the Union. In trade and commerce it is closely allied with the interests of the State of New York. Steamboats stop here daily on their route from Whitehall to Rouse's Point ; a steamboat also plies from this place to Port Kent, on the op- posite side of the lake, a distance of ten miles, and thence to Plattsburgh, 25 miles. The principal hotels in Burlington are the American Hotel, the Exchange Hotel, and the Howard House. Travelers wishing to visit Mansfield Mountain, 20 iniles northeact of Burlington, or the CameVs Hump, in the town of Huntington, about the same distance in a southeast direc- tion, can easily obtain conveyances to either of the above ro- mantic resorts. From the summit of both are obtained beau- tiful and sublime views of the surrounding country and Lake Champlain, said to fully equal the prospect from the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The Vermont Central Railroad route, between Burlington, Montpelier, and W^indsor, runs near the base of the latter mountain. The White Mountains of New Hampshire, about 120 miles east 01 Burlington, are reached from this placo by railroad and stage, passing over the Vermont Central Railroad to White River Junction, and from thence up the valley of the Connecti- cut River to Wells' River, where commences the IMiite Mount- ain Railroad, extending to Littleton, N. H. From Littleton stages run to the Notch of the White Mountains, a farther distance of 20 miles. This line of travel can be extended through to Portland. Me., passing over a romantic section of country. Port Kent is advantageously situated on the west side of Lake Champlain, 12 miles south of the village of Plattsburgh. It contains about 400 inhabitants, 50 dwelling-houses, one church, two taverns, three stores, and two warehouses. The / WHITEHALL TO ROUSE S POINT. 117 •n moat beauti- 3, and adjacent 3sels — and pos- d by any other is closely allied Steamboats stop ouse's Point ; a lent, on the op- , and thence to Lmerican Hotel, itain, 20 iniles p, in the town outheast direc- f the above ro- obtained beau- intry and Lake from the White 'entral Railroad idsor, runs near ibout 120 miles by railroad and Iroad to White )f the Connecti- Vi^ite Moimt- From Littleton tains, a farther m be extended antic section of the west side of of Plattsburgh. ing-houses, one arehouses. The pite of this place is beautiful, commanding one of the finest it'ws on Champlain, extending to the opposite shore of Vermont. tt is contemplated to construct a railroad from Port Kent to [lie Au Sable Forks, a distance of IG miles, passing through lie villages of Keeseville and Clintonville. Immediately south of the landing at Port Kent lies Trembh it ^o'nt, the commencement of the Clinton range of mountains. Kekseville, situated on both sides of the Au Sable River, is four miles west of Port Kent. It contains about 3,000 inhab- itants, 400 dwelling-houses, one Congregational, one Baptist, Mie Methodist, and one Roman Catholic church ; an incorpo- rated academy, one banking-house, two taverns, and 20 stores and groceries. The water-power at this place is very great, Ittid advantageously used by several extensive manufacturing iBtablishments. There are two fiouring-mills, four extensive iw-mills, which make annually about half a million of market 3ards, an iron foundry, one furnace, and a machine-shop, to- gether with most other kinds of mechanic workshops. At Birmingham, two miles below Keeseville, is a succession picturesque falls, in all about 150 feet descent. Immediately Blow the lower falls the river enters a deep ravme of singular id romantic beauty. Through the chasm thus formed by the rearing of the waters, or some convulsion of nature, the rocks rise from 75 to 150 feet, almost perpendicular, for a distance of altout two miles, averaging about 50 feet in width, altogether forming a great natural curiosity. In addition to the above, til ere are other ravines in this vicinity of singular formation. From Port Kent to Plattsburgh the course is along the west- ern shore of the lake, passing several islands. Port Jackson, the only intermediate landing place, is nearly js st of the south end of Valcour Island, noted for a severe naval conflict, on the 11th of October, 1776, between the Amer- u au Quiiria under General Arnold, and the British under Capt. rriudle. The battle was fought a little north of Port Jackson. " Five or six miles nearly east from Port Jackson was the :ene of the conflagration of the steamer Phoenix on the 5th of •.i'm f I ': fl rt 1 i 1 1; \%f 118 WHITEHALL TO KOUSK S POINT. •'ill il September, 1819. On the moi'ning of the accident, the Phoenix left Burlington about one o'clock, against a strong north wind. About 3 o'clock, while off nearly west of the south end of Grand Isle, the boat was discovered to be on fire, and all efforts to extinguish it were unav.-iiling. There were at this time 44 persons on board, 31 of whom entered the small boats, and suc- ceeded, with considerable difficulty, in reaching a small island about a mile to the windward, called Providence Lsland. The remaining 13 were soon obliged to commit themselves to the water upon bits of plank and such other things as were within their reach. The small boats returned just after daylight, and succeeded in saving six of those who had managed to keep them- selves afloat. The remaining seven were drowned. The wreck drifted southward and lodged on a reef extending from Colches- ter Point. This is the only accident worthy of noticje which has occurred during 46 years of steam navigation on this lake." Plattsburgh, Clinton Co., N. Y., is situated on both sides of the Saranac River. 100 miles north of Whitehall and 25 miles south of Rouse's Point by steamboat route It was incorporated as a village in 1815, and now contains about 4,000 inhabitants, 500 dwelling-houses, a court-house, jail, and county clerk's office ; a town-hall, one Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one Meth- odist, and two Roman Catholic churches ; an incorporated acad- emy, 50 stores of different kinds, and six public houses, the principal of which are the Cumberland House and Fouquet's Hotel ; two banks and one insurance office. Here are situated, on the Saranac, using water-power, two flouring-mills, one woolen factory, one fulling-mill, two saw-mills, two machine- shops, and one foundry ; there ere also two tanneries, one soap manufactory, three printing-offices, together with almost every other kind of mechanic workshops. The water-power at this place is very great, the Saranac River here having a succession of falls, making a total descent of about 40 feet. The sur- rounding country is rich in agricultural and mineral produc- tions ; iron ore of fine quality is procured in different parts of the county. This is also a United States military post, where the government has erected extensive stone barracks, near the lake shore, and a permanent breakwater for the protection of the harbor in Cumberland Bay. WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 119 Steamers run daily, during the season of navigation, from Plattsburgh to Burlington and Whitehall on the south, and to St. Albans and Rouse's Point on the north, connecting with (lilferent railroads. The Plattsburgh and Motitreal Railroad odcnds in a northerly direction to Mooer's Junction, and thence !i cross the Canada line to Caughnawaga and Montreal, a total distance of 62 miles. liAILROAD ROUTE FROM PLATTSBURGH TO MONTREAL, • Stations. Miles. Totul Miles. Plattsburgh West Chazy 10 lo Mooer's Junction 10 20 Hemingford, Canada 6 26 St. Remi 15 41 Caughnawaga n 52 La Chine 2 . . . 54 Montr k al 8 62 Usual Time, three hours. Fare, $2 10. Plattsburgh was the scene of an important engagement be- tween the British and American armies, in September, 1814, Avhich resulted in the defeat of the British, under the command of Sir George Prevost, and the capture of the British fleet under Com. Downie, who was killed in the action. The American army was commanded by Maj. Gen. Macomb, and the fleet by Com. McDonough. NAVAL ENGAGEMENT AND BATTLE OF PLATTSBURGH, SEPT. 11, 1814. Copied from Palmer's " History op Lake Champlain." " Whkn the British army reached Plattsburgh, their gun- loats had advanced as far as the Isle La Motte, where they remained, under command of Capt. Pring. On the 8th Sept Captam Downie reached tbnf. nio^a wUv. +v.« ^e^i ,,* j.i._ a-,i' aiid on the mormng of the 11th the whole weighed anchor and stood south to attack the Americans, who lay in Cumberland liay, flr Plattsburgh. "As the British vessels rounded Cumberland Head, about Vi ■kiMiriiilii 120 NAVAL BATTLE OF PLATTSDURGH. iiijimi I jhl; Hit p eight o'clock in tlie morning, they found McDonough at atdior a little south of the mouth of the Saranac River, and abreast, but out of gun-shot, of the forts. His vessels lay in a line run- ning north from Crab Island, and nearly parallel with the west shore. The brig Ea^le, Captain Henley, lay at the head of the line, inside the point of the Head. This vessel mounted twenty guns and had on board one hundred and fifty men. Next to her, and on the south, lay McDonough's flag-ship, the Saratoga, mounting twenty-six guns, with two hundred and twelve men. Next south was the schooner Ticonderoga, of seventeen guns. Lieutenant Cassin, with one hundred and ten men, and next to her, and at the southern extremity of the line, lay the sloop Preble, Lieutenant Charles Budd. This vessel carried seven guns, and was manned by thirty men. She lay so near the shoal extending northeast from Crab Island, as to prevent the enemy from turning that end of the line. To the rear of the line were ten gun-boats, six of which mounted one long twenty- four pounder, and one eighteen pound folumbiad each; the other four carried one twelve pounder. The gun-boats had, on an average, thirty-five men each. Two of the gun-boats lay a little north and in rear of the Eagle, to sustain the head of the line ; the others were placed opposite the intervals between the different vessels, and about forty rods to their rear. The larger vessels were at anchor, -while the gun-boats were kept in posi- tion by their sweeps "The British fleet was composed of the frigate Confiauce, carrying thirty-seven guns,* with over three hundred men, commanded by Captain Downie; the brig L'umet, Captain Pring, of sixteen guns and 120 men; the sloop Chub, Lieutenant McGhee, and the sloop Finch, Lieutenant Hicks, carrying eleven guns and about forty-five men each. To these vessels were added twelve gun-boats of about forty-five men each. Eight of them carried two guns, and four one gun each. Thus the force of the Americans consisted of one ship, one brig, one schopner, one sloop, and ten gun-boats, manned by eight hundred and eightv-two men, and carrying in all eighty-six guns. The British had one frigate, one brig, twf sloops, and twelve gun- boats, manned by over one thousand men, and carrying in all ninety-five guns. The metal of the vessels on both sides was unusually heavy. The Saratoga mounted eight long twenty- fours, six forty-twos, and twelve thirty-twos, while the Con- fiance had the gun- deck of a heavy frigate, with thirty long twenty -fours upon it. She also had a spacious topgallant fore- castle* and a poop that came no farther forward than the mizen * There were thirty-nine guns on board the Conflance, but two of them were not mounted— Cocyje/". NAVAL BATTLE OF PLATTSBUHGH. 121 mast. On the first were a long twenty-four on a circle, and four heavy carronades; two heavy carronades were mounted on the poop. " When the British fleet appeared in sight, the Finch led and kept m a course toward Crab Island, while the other vessels hove to opposite the point of Cumberland Head, to allow the gun-boats to come up, and to receive final instructions as to the plan of attack. The vessels then filled and headed in toward the American fleet, passing inside of the point of Cumberland llead ; the Chub laying her course a little to windward of the Lagle, in order to support the Linnet, which stood directly to- ward that vessel. Captain Downie had determined to lay the Confiance athwart the Saratoga, but the win^ baffling, he was obliged to anchor at about two cables' length from that ship. 1 : Tr ^ ^^'^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^°^^ ^^^^ ^^-y *<> ^^a^ island, tacked and took her station, with the gun-boats, opposite the Ticonde- roga and Preble. "As the British vessels approached they received the fire of the American fleet; the brig Eagle firing first, and being soon lollowed by the Saratoga, and the sloop and schooner.* The Linnet poured her broadside into the Saratoga as she passed tuat ship to take her position opposite the Eagle. Captain Downie brought his vessel into action in the most gallant man- ner, and did not fire a gun until he was perfectly secured, although his vessel suff'ered severely from the fire of the Ameri- cans As soon, however, as the Confiance had been brought into position, she discharged all her larboard guns, at nearly the same instant. The effect of this broadside, thrown from long twenty-four pounders, double shotted, in smooth water, was terrible. The Saratoga trembled to her very keel ; about torty of her crew were disabled, including her first Lieutenant, iur. Gamble, who was killed while sighting the bow-gun. " Soon after the commencement of the engagement, the Chub, Tvhile maneuvering near the head of the American line, received a broadside from the Eagle, which so crippled her that she uritted down between the opposing vessels and struck. She was taken possession of by Mr. Charles Piatt, one of the Saratoga's midshipmen, and was towed in shore and anchored. The Chub t two of them .^.1.!^ AT !r? S"'! fl":^^ on board the Saratoga was a long twentv-foiir, ^^ uch McDonuugh himself sighted. The shot is said to have struck the rVnl r^i^Mv ^^^^ ^¥' °"'*^'' h-'iwse-hole, and to have passed the length of her •lecK, killing and wounding several men, and carrying away the wheel. f,L',i'^""lA'"-' ^^^'^P °^"^"^ Saratoga, some hen coops were thrown over- Doard, and the poultry permitted to run at large. Stariled by the report ?lanifr>^^h''i='^? ^"" ""J ^^^ ^'?SJ«' « y^^^S cock flew upon a gun slide, pIpK ^?„^'."ff?,=^"^ crowed. The men gave three cheers, and consid^ Mles^B -^ incidence as a happy omen.- Coo2)ef'a Naml History and W ^■J tii 1 M!:i!i '111:1: < i: : H' 122 NAVAL BATTLE OF PLATTSBURGir. had Ruffevoa severely; nearly half of her men having been killed or wounded. About an hour later the I inch was driven from her position by the Ticonderoga, and, being badly injured, drifted upon the shoal near Crab Island, where she grounded. After bclT.^^ fired into from the small battery on the island, she struck, an 1 was taken possession of by the invalids who manned "AftcVtl.e loss of the Finch, the British gun-boats made several efforts to close, and succeeded in compelling the sloop Preble to cut her cables and to anchor in shore of the Ime, where she was of no more service during the engagenisnt. ihe gun boats, emboldened by this success, now directed their efiorts toward the Ticondwoga, against which they made several very gallant assaults, bringing the boats, upon two or tnree occa- sions, within a few feet of the schooner's side. They were, how- ever, as often beaten back, and the schooner, during the re- mainder of the day, completely covered that extremity of the Ime. " While these changes were taking place at the lower end ot the line, a change was also made at the other extremity. Iho Eagle, having lost her springs, and finding herself exposed to the fire of both the Linnet and Confiance, dropped down and anchored between the Saratoga and Ticonderoga, and a little in shore of both. From this position she opened -afresh on the ton- fiance and the British gun-boats, with her larboard guns. This change relieved the brig, but left the Saratoga exposed to the whole fire of the Linnet, which sprung her broadsides m such a manner as to rake the ship on her bows. " The fire from the Saratoga and Confiance now began mate- rially to lessen, as gun after gun on both vessels became dis- abled, until at last the Saratoga had not a single available gun, and the Confiance was but little better off. It therefore became necessary that both vessels should wind, to continue the action with any success. This the Saratoga did after considerable de- lay, but the Confiance was less fortunate, as the only effect ot her efforts was to force the vessel ahead. As soon as the bara- * Mr. Alison (History of England, vol. 4), referring to this event, says : « The Finch, a British &Wff, grounded out of shot and did not engage;" and a^ain, "The Finch struck on a reef of rocks and could not get into Son"" ilad Mr. Alls, u taken the trouble to read Capt. Pnng's official account of the engagem^^ll-earned reputation of the British navy for bravery or gallantry in action. NAVAL BATTLE OP PLATTSBUllGH, 123 toga came aroan.l she poured a fresh broadside from her lar- board guns into the Confiance, which stood the firo for a fbw mmutas and then struck. TJie ship then brought her Runs o bear on the Lmnot, which surrendered in about fifteen minutes afterward. At this tnne the British gun-boats lay h-vlf i mUe m the rear, where they had been driven by the sharp tire of the Ticonderoga and Ea^^le. These boats lowered thefr colors as oon as they frmnd the larger vessels had submitted; but no? ^hTPir"""'^' *?'t*^' American gun-boats were sJnt to aid the Conhance and Linnet, which were reported to be in a sink- ng condition, hey escaped, together with a store sloop, whkh lay neur the i>omt of Cumberland Head during the battle Iho engagement continued for two hou i°s and a half and jas the most severely fought naval battle of the war ' The foaratoga had twenty-eight men killed and twenty-nine wounded • the Eagle h.rte.u killed and twenty wounded; the T ondt' roga SIX ki ed and six wounded, and the Preble two knied ?ota kiluV'',^"^"^?*? "^"^ i^''' ^^^'^ ^^d three wounded Total killed and wounded, one hundred and ten, being equal to hZli ']^- "'V''^'" '" '^' ^^^*- ^««i^««' *^« SaratogaVad been hu led fitty-five limes, and was twice on fire; the Eacrle was hulled thirty-nme times. The carnage and destruotfon had been as great on the other side. The Confiance had forty-one men killed and eighty-three wounded ; the Linnet reported her casualties a ten killed and fourteen 'wounded. butXe killed and wounded pobably exceeded fifty; the Chub was reported at SIX killed ana ten wounded, and the Finch at tT4 woSnded No account xs given of the loss on the gun-boats, but from thS close and severe contest with the Ticonderoga, it S have been large The total of killed and wounded ol the B^itishS was equal to at least one fifth of the whole number of men in their fleet. The Confiance had been hulled one hundreTand five times. So severe had been the contest, that at^hcdose of the action there was not a mast in either fleet fit for use * Among those killed on the side of the British were Cantain Downie who fell soon after the action commenced Sain ^I'll'^^'^^^'^^^^onofthe Marines, Midshipman Wili amGuiS of the Confiance, and Lieutenant William Paul and Boatswa^ Charles Jackson of the Linnet. Among the wounded wereS shi pman Lee of the Confiance, Mids hipman John Sincrair of tt * I could only look at the enemy's calleva soms off in a «hotfo^n i ^ d. .on; for there was not a mast in lither s^quKn' tha? eoS d stt.??; ?^^f-^_^' «"l the lower rigging being nearl? all shot awn*v''"hp.'!^"fj? &= ihuugh 11 nad beeu JusL placed over the" miot hi^«d " ir'.rV'^ •••-n-u ormg,.-LeUer o/MiAipma^Ue 7/t,cinflanc!. '" ''"" " """""» Ml .k¥ Mi \ liiiiiii 124 NAVAL BATTLE OF I'LATTSBURGH. Linnet, and Lieutenant James McGhce of the Chub. The Amer- ican officers killed were Peter Gamble, 1st Lieutenant of the Saratoga, John Starsbury, 1st Lieutenant of the Ticonderoga, Midshipman James iM. Baldwin, and Sailing Master Rogers Carter Referring to the death of three of these officers, Mr. Cooper, in his History of the Navy, says : ' Lieutenant Gamble was on his knees, sighting the bow-gun, when a shot entered the port, split the quoin, drove a portion of it against his breast, and laid him dead on the quarter-deck without breaking his skin. Fifteen minutes later one of the American shot struck the muzzle of a twenty-four on the Confiance, dismounted it, cending it bodily inboard against the groin of Captain Downie, killing him filso without breaking the skin. Lieutenant Stans- bury suddenly disappeared from the bulwarks forward, while superintending some duty with the springs of the Ticonderoga. Two days after the action, his body rose to the surface of the water, and it was found that it had been cut in two by a round " it is said that scarcely an individual escaped on board of either the Confiance or Saratoga without some injury. Mac- donough was twice knocked down ; once by the spanker-boom, which was cut in two by a shot, and fell upon his back as he was bending his body to sight a gun; and again by the head of a gunner, which was driven against him, and knocked him into the scuppers. Mr. Brum, the sailing-master of the Sara- too-a, had his clothes torn off by a splinter while winding the shtp Mr. Vallctte, acting Lieutenant, had a shot-box, on which he was standing, knocked from under his feet, and he too was once knocked down by the head of a seaman. Very few escaped without some accident, and it appears to have been a^reefl on both sides, to call no man wounded who could keep out of the hospital.* Midshipman Lee of the Confiance, who was wounded in the action, thus describes the condition of that vessel : ' The havoc on both sides is dreadful. I don't think there are more than five of our men, out of three hundred, but what are killed or wounded. Never was a shower of hail so thick as the shot whistling about our ears. Were you to see my jacket, waistcoat, and trowsers, you would be astonished how I escaped as I did, for they are literally torn all to rags with shot and splinters ; the upper part of my hat was also shot away. There is one of our marines who was in the Trafalgar action with Lord Nelson, who says it was a mere fltahite in comparison with this."t * Cooper's Naval History. . , ^ . ,^., , „ . . , q rru„ ««a„it t Letter to his brotlier, published in Niles' Register, vol S. The result of the engagement depended, from the first, upon the Saratoga and Con- fl.inpfi. WHITEHALL TO ROUSE S POINT. 125 The ofl&cers, on both sidea, who fell in the several encountera by land and water, on the memorable occasion above mentioned, Tvere buried in the public cemetery adjacent to the village of Plattsburgh; but their graves were left, under the pressing exigencies of that time, without any permanent monument, or stone of memorial. That community, long discontented with an omission which seemed to betoken an apathy not at all in unison with real feelings, at last determined to make amends for their neglect, and fulfill all the rites of sepulture. Accord- ingly, a little previous to the return of the anniversary of the battle, in 1843, meetings were held at which it was resolved to celebrate the day, by placing marble monuments, with appro- priate inscriptions, at the several graves, and thus render to the brave and devoted dead the remaining public honors so eminently their due, and so long left unpaid. This design was carried into effect under the superintendence of the Clinton County Military Association, and the anniversary rendered deeply interesting by the placing of these monuments, with appropriate seremonies and religious services, accompanied by commemoration addresses. The graves are arranged in the form of a parallelogram, with tliat of Capt, Downie, the commander of the British flo- tilla, in the center, as the ofl&cer of highest rank. The names of the others, so far as known, are as follow : Of our own countrymen, Lt. George W. Runk, of the U. S. A. ; Lt. Peter Gamble, U. S. N. ; Lt. John Stansbury, U. S. N. ; Sailing Mas- ter Rogers Carter, U. S. N. ; Midshipman James M. Baldwin, U. S. N.; Pilot Joseph Barron, U. S. N., and another pilot, name not known. Of the British army, Col. Wellington, 3d Regt. Buffs, Capt. Purchess, 76th Regt., Lieutenant R. Kings- bury, 3d Regt. Buffs ; and of the British navy, Capt. Alex. Anderson and three Lieutenants, names not known. fl.ance^ When McDonnnjTh anchorfld his vessel, he not only attached springs to the cables, but also laid a kedge broad off on each bow of the Saratoga, and brought the hawsers in upon the two quarters To this timely precaution lie was indebted for the victory, for without the larboard hawser he could not have brought his fresh broadside into action. ti U 1 ill f1- f, i- *! ."^VWIi 120 WHITEHALL TO ROUSe's POINT. 11 I'll liiiil The beautiful lines of an Irish poet of the last century (Ool- lins), can never be more appropriate than to this occasion: " How sleep the brave who sink to rest, IW all their country's wishes blest 1 When spring with dewy fingers cold, Returns to deck their hallowed mold. She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than fancy's feet have ever trod. There honor comes, a pilgrim gray, To bless the turf that wraps their clay. And memory shall awhile repair To dwell a weeping heroflt there. CuMBEuLANDllEADis a pcuinsula extending two or three miles into the lake, opposite the village of Plattsburgh, forming Cumberland Bay, into virhich empties the Saranac River. Crab, or Hospital Island lies two miles south, and near the track of the steamers on their way to and from the landing at Plattsburgh. It was on a line nearly north and south between Cumberland Head and Crab Island that the British and American fleets encountered each other, on the 11th of September, 1814, a day which brought so much honor to the American flag. South Hero and North Hero are the names of two Is- lands belonging to the jurisdiction of Vermont. The former Ib connecte4 by a ferry, and on the east side with the main shore of Vermont by a bridge. Chazy Landing, 16 miles north of Plattsburgh, is a conve- nient steamboat landing, on the west side of Lake Champlain. Isle au Motte, opposite the above landing, is a fine island, also attached to Vermont. It is 6 miles long and 2 miles wide, containing much good land, and a valuable quarry of marble. The village of House's Point, in the town of Champlain, 25 miles north of Plattsburgh, and 125 miles froln Whitehall, is situated on the west side of Lake Champlain, about one mile south of the Canada line, and has a convenient steamboat landing, a very large depot building, and a well kept hotel. It is surrounded in part by a level and fertile region, which extends west to the St. Lawrence River. One mile north of the village is a fort and miUtary position commanding the WHITEHALL TO ROUSE S POINT. 127 navigable channel of the lake. In 1815 the government of tb United States oom^-^^ced the construction of a strong fortres) at Rouse's Point; but on running out the boundary L*n' between the United States and Canada, under the treaty ol Ghent, this point was found to be north of the 45th degree of north latitude, and the works were suspended. United States Boundary Line. — "This line was fixed in 1842, by treaty negotiated by Lord Ashburton and Mr. Web- ster, on the old line formerly supposed to be tlie 45th parallel of latitude. Immediately after the close of the last war the United States government commenced building a fort on a low point to the northward of Rouse's Point landing, which should completely command the passage up the lake. By the survey of this line in 1818, it was found that this point was north of the 45th parallel, and the work was consequently abandoned ; but by the late treaty the fort was secured to the United States, and the work has recently been resumed. An opening through the woods like a road, on the east side of the lake, and about 200 rods north of the fort, marks the place of the Line as now established." At Rouse's Point is erected a long and substantial draw- bridge, crossing the foot of Lake Champiain, for the accommo- dation of the railroad traffic passing from Montreal and Ogdens- burgh to New York and Boston. During the winter months this bridge aflPords the exclusive thoroughfare at this point between Canada and the Eastern States. The railroads which here terminate are the Vermont and Canada Railroad, connecting with the Vermont Central Rail- road ; the JVorthern Railroad of New York, 118 miles in length, terminating at Ogdensburgh ; and the Champiain and St. Law- rence Railroad, 44 miles in length, terminating opposite Mon- treal. On arriving and departing from Rouse's Point, travelers are subjected to the inconvenience of having their baggage exam- ined by custom-house officers ; this is a great port of entry as well as thoroughfare. I II 1^ I- P 1 n ilili 128 WHITEHALL TO ROUSE'S POINT. The town of Alburgh, Vt., is a triangular body of land pro- lectins from Canada into Lake (^.hamplain, by which it is sur- rounded, excepting on the Canada side. On the eastern shore lies the village of Mburgh, a port of entry, and a few miles north is Alburgh Springs, where is a small settlement and several hotels. This justly celebrated watering-place lies near the Missisquoi Bay, and is easily reached by railroad, being situated seven miles east of Rouse's Point and 16 miles west of St. Albans, Vt. HiGHGATE Springs, three miles from Swanton Station and 17 miles from Rouse's Pomt, near the village of ffighgate, Vt. , is another and favorite watering-place, attracting much attention. It is situated near Missisquoi Bay, affording fine fishing-grounds, and an opportunity to enjoy aquatic sports and hunting. Missisquoi Bay, connecting with Lake Champlain on the north, is a large and romantic sheet of water lying mostly m Canada, or north of the 45th degree of north latitude. This bay and its surrounding shores nfford most romantic and de- lightfil scenery, varied by high land and picturesque points. Hunting, fishing, or pleasure sailing can here be enjoyed by those fond of such sports, while the invigorating climate gives strength and elasticity to the weak and debilitated. During the summer and autumn months a steamer runs around the bay, landing at PhUlipsburgh, Can., Highgate, Vt., and other landings. _ . . . , j Ash Island, four miles north of Rouse's Pomt, is considered the foot of Lake (Champlain. Here the Richelieu, or St. John's River, as the outlet of Lake Champlain is called, is about half a mile wide. The land on both sides of the stream seems almost level with the water, and presents this low and flat surface for many miles. Isle Aux Noix, situated in the Richelieu River, 12 miles ^ ^ ._^,- T)-,:~4- ic 4iio fii'of. sfpnTYihoat landinff after nui'tii 01 liouaua iuiiii, xa -...-. entering Canada. Here is a strong fortification commanding the channel of the river, and occupied by British troops. ROUSES POINT TO MONTIiEAL, ETC. 129 II RAILROAD ROUTE FROM ROUSE'S POINT TO OGDENS BURQH, via NORTHERN RAILROAD. Stations. Mllea. Rouse's Point Mooer's Junction 12 Chazy 11 Summit 14 Chateaugay 9 Malone 11 Brush's Mills 11 Stockholm 14 Potsdam Junction 11 Lisbon 16 Ogdensburgh 9 Usual Time, 5 hours. Fa^e, $3 50. Total Miles. . . 12 . , 23 .. 37 .. 46 .. 57 .. 68 . . 82 ,. 93 ,. 109 .. 118 On leaving Rouse's Point for St. John's and Montreal, the line of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad extends along the west side of the Sorel or Richelieu River, over a level and productive section of country, passing La Colle, six miles from Rouse's Point. St. John's or Dorchester, 150 miles from Whitehall, is advantageously situated on the west side of the Richelieu River, at the foot of navigation ; a bridge connecting it with the vil- lage of St. Anthanasey on the opposite shore. It is 23 miles north of the American line, 22 miles southeast of Montreal, and contains about 2,200 inhabitants, 275 dwelling-houses, a custom-house, and extensive barracks for soldiers, one Episco- pal, one Roman Catholic, and one Methodist church ; ten ho- tels and taverns, ten stores, and two forwarding houses, one extensive glass factory, one stone factory, two tanneries, and mechanics shops of different kinds. The Chambly Canal extends from St. John's to Ohambly, on the northwest side of the Richelieu River, a distance of 12 miles. It was completed in 1843, at a cost of about $400,000. There are nine locks on this canal 120 feet long, 24 feet wide, |!i ti J U i m ■y ' i- mm mtm. 130 rouse's point to MONTREAL, ETC. U and six feet deep ; lift ten feet eacb, making a total descent of 90 feet in 12 miles. This canal was constructed by the Pro- vincial government. It affords navigation for vessels of 100 tons burden between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence River, thus furnishing an uninterrupted water communication from New York to Quebec. The railroad from St. John's to Montreal, 21 miles in length, extends over a level section of country, the St. Lawrence River soon coming in sight, • The aspect of the St. Lawrence is truly grand and interest- ing, as you approach it on the south from Rouse's Point. Tow- ard the west is seen the La Chine Rapid, one of the most dan- gerous on the river. Opposite Montreal it is two miles wide, embosoming the beautiful island of St. Helen, which is fortified and garrisoned by British troops. As you approach Montreal by water, the new Victoria Bridge, the city, shipping, and wharves are seen to great advantage. The latter— the wjiarves— probably exceed any thing of the kind in America, consisting of a range of massive and solid masonry extending along the river for upward of a mile. The following beautiful lines, descriptive of one of the sources of human happiness, is from the gifted pen of N. P. Willis, and may be appropriately inserted at this place : " 'TIS to bave Attentive and believing faculties ; To go abroad rejoicing in the joy Of beautiful and well-created things ; To love the voice of waters, and the sheen Of silver fountains leaping to the sea ; To thrill with the rich melody of birds, Living their life of music ; to be glad In the gay sunshine, reverent in the storm ; To see a beauty in the stirring leaf, And f n l"+/> /■!«*« r,„„™ . " There is hardly a point at which the fortifications are not being repaired or improved. A new and very strong block- house is making below the flag- staff, and very extensive works, I in inrif I Siil s Wa ;!; 108 QUEBEC. !' , E of by no means ancient construction, above that point, have been condemned, and are now rebuilding in a more formidable manner, near where a new battery and draw-bridge outlet from the citadel have lately been constructed, communicating ■with the city over the northeastern glacis." " The citv is built on the extremity of a ridge terminating in the angle formed by the junction of the two rivers on the point called Cape Diamond, which here rises to the height of about 340 feet above the St. Lawrence. 1 he cape is sur- mounted by the citadel, and the city extends from it principally TaNE direction, do^n to the water's edge. The old town which lies wholly without the walls, partly at the foot ol tape Diamond, and around to the St. Charles, has narrow and in parts, steep streets. The ascent from the upper to the lower portion of the city which crosses the line of the fortifications is by a winding street and by a flight of steps ; the s reets in this section, though narrow, are generally clean, a^^ well pav^ or macadamized. The public buildings and most of the houses are built of stone. The line of the fortifications stretche^o nearly across the peninsula in the west, and runs along a ridge between the upper and lower parts of the city. It is intersected by five gates, and has an inner circuit of about 2^ miles Beyond the ramparts on the west are the extensive suburbs of St. Koch, St John, and St. Louis. Durham Terrace commands a pictur- esque view, having the lower part of the city in the foreground; and the shores ar.d waters of the St. Lawrence extending far in the distance. The Public Garden, on Des Carrieres Street con- tains an elegant. monument erected to the memory of Wolte and Montcalm. It is 65 feet high, and its design is very chaste and beautiful. This spot attracts great attention, and should be visited by every stranger. The Esplanade, railed oif from, ami situated between D'Auteuil Street and the ramparts, affords delightful views of the surrounding country and river scenery. "There are 174 streets in the citv and suburbs, the principal of which are the following : St. John Street, the principal seat of the retail trade; St. Louis Street, occupied by lawyers offices and private dwellings, is handsome and well-built; D'Auteuil Street, facing the Esplanade in the upper town, and in the lower town, St. Peter Street, in which most of the banks, insurance companies, and merchants' offices are situated. rri,--,-. „^-^ „i.^^v>««v '^*^'^^ '''"S f rj,",'^, 'c^m^^^^^^ and attended seated m a st»'«-*»'''fXSncur in an evening dress, and by the Attorney-General, the beigneur m an b wVinS -!n'i.'\rI™,''rir»J;?(?lerrof thi Land lU rSS'.hfre^-^alo'-' thfL^font o\th of fideUty; ^ QUEBEC. )W of pro- the roofs a are also ,nd variety thougbi the n in either ty with so ,s much the ever, are so hey relieve, of ordinary ; vrhile the House, and e, with their and variety aint of view, )laces on the Quebec was iinplain laid sition chosen Ige of an al- )ve the river, the stream, venue, called garded as the it the fealty lands accord- i practice dis- is Picture of eeded to that res, the king's srnor, receives I by the seig- tions on which 6S6 • ■ (1834) by the ' the sovereign, full dress, and , and attended aing dress, and by the Inspec- bhe Land Roll knee before Ibe sn those of the ' fidelity ; after 143 which a solemn act is drawn up in a register kept for that pur- pose, which is signed by the Governor and Seigneur, and coun- tersigned by the proper officers.' "In this castle the French and English governors resided till 1809, when it was found necessary to erect a temporary new building for their iise while the old one underwent repair ; and £10,000 were expended for this purpose under the admin- istration of Sir James Craig. After this it continued to be the seat of government as before ; and all the proclamations and ordinances issued, and all the messages sent to the legislative assemblies by the governor in the king's name, were dated from the castle of Quebec. It was also the scene of all the public levees and private entertainments of the governors and their families ; and was therefore the constant resort of all the gay and fashionable society of the province. In 1834, however, this ancient edifice was entirely destroyed by a fire, which broke out on the 23d of January, in the depth of winter, when Lord Ayl- mer occupied it as his official residence ; and notwithstanding every exc rtion made to save it, the thermometer being at 22° below zero, and the fire-engines only capable of being worked by a constant supply of warm water, the castle was soon re- duced to ashes. It has never since been rebuilt; but Lord Durham, during his short stay here, had the site cleared of the ruined heaps that still covered it, and the whole area of the former edifi- e leveled, floored with wood, and converted into a beautiful platform, with a fine iron railing at the edge of the precipice, making it one of the most beautiful promenades imag- inable—commanding an extensive view of the St. Lawrence down as far as the island of Orleans— the harbor filled with ships immediately before it, and the opposite bank of the river, with Point Levi, the village of D'Aubigny, and the road leading up through one continuous line of cottages to the Falls of Chaudi^re. " The site on which the Parliament House stood is of even earlier date than that of the castle of St. Lewis ; there being good reason to believe that it occupied the first spot of ground which was cleared by Champlain for his fort, on founding the city in 1608. Here, too, as at the castle, the site stands on a mass of rock made level by art, and extending to the brink of a perpendicular precipice, of about 100 feet above the river, the narrowest part of which is commanded by its guns. Along the edge of this precipice, beyond the area occupied by the late Parliament House, still runs the Grand Battery of Quebec, the promeriade on which, and the view from its platform, is scarcely inferior to that already described on the site of the old castle of St. Lewis." 144 QUEBEC. P.,»,N, OF ABBAHAM-This celebrated tottte-fleW lies a, short distance southwest of the citadel. A monument « he e r ted on the spot where Gen. Wolfe is said to h-e med.^tt> this simple inscription = " H^efell Wolfe mctar,ov. A beau "onumentl also erected, of recent date, to the memon of both Wolfe and Montcalm, within the city walls, with this Wion : " Mmonal m^ory of Wolf, ani MonUalm." WOLFE'S MONUMENT-QUEBEC. " HEBB FELL WOLFB VICTOKIOtTS." A broken column ! few and brief The words inscribed upon ita stone , Yet speaks it of the dying chief, Triumphant tales alone ! n It tells unfading glory shed Upon the hero's parting hour , Dying beside the host he led, To victory and to power ! The trumpet's tone, the battle shout, All sounds of triumph come agam. As shines the brief inscription out, Upon the storied plain. The clashing sword, the cannon's roar. The beating of the wild war drum ; And theTa8?fhout, "They fly!" once more On fancy's vision come. And marching round tbe hero's bod, With banners floating free and i&vc , Are seen the host he nobly led For England's glory there. Riit vears have passed, UA silence reigns Where once was heard the battle cheer ; Of all the trophies naught remains— This, only this, is here. A broken column ! brief, yet high The eulogy ita words convey ; Thus in the triumph hour U) die, Breathes not of earth's decay. Wolfe fell in the moment of victory, and Montcalm who wa ^.vtallv wounded in the action, expired soon after. The ^T^Z::^.^ by the loss of the battle and_ the death of their commander-in-chief, surrendered the <^»y;-— » single battery had been opened against ,t^ ^ TJC ft. V nt'which transferred the possession "^ C»;*»^^;-»,^' French to the English nation, occurred on the 13th Sept., *«■ QUEBEC. 145 d lies a t is here ed, with A beau- nemories with, this calmy tn, who was after. The I the death is important la from the Sept., 1759 The following is an English account of the attack on Quebec by Montgomery and Arnold, in 1775 and 1776 : "At the period of the American Revolution, it is well known that Canada did not join the revolted colonies, but continued brm in her allegiance to the Crown; and hence it became the I?"-. A i"5^^® ^ ^^^ °^^°y loyalists who were driven from the U nited States by the success of their war of Independence. A s It was believed, however, by the Americans of that day, that an attack on Quebec would be successful, and if so, would iftduce all Canada to jom their cause, such an attack was planned, and Its execution committed to two American generals, Montgomery and Arnold 1 British troops usually retained in Canada for Its defense had been sent on to Boston, so that the province was almost destitute of military force, there being scattered throuo-h- out all Canada only about 800 men. In this state of thiS^ s Uen. Montgomery advanced from Lake Champlainon St. John'^s, and after a short resistance took it ; he then marched on a^-ainst Montreal, which being perfectly defenseless, surrendered to the American arms on the 12th of November, 1775. At the same time Gen. Arnold was known to Montgomery to be advancing toward Quebec, from tlie New England States, by way of thT Kennebec River through Maine, which at this late period of the year was a most daring undertaking. After passing thirty- two days in the wild forests and swamps, and suffering almost in- credible hardships and privations in this hitherto untrodden wilderness, Arnold and his followers reached the banks of the bt. Lawrence, by the Chaudi^re River, on the 4th of November, m the same year. From thence they descended to Point Levi, opposite to Quebec, where they arrived on the 9th, crossed over on the night of the 13th, and landed 500 men at Wolfe's Cove without being perceived either by the sentries or from the ships of war. '■ "On the 1st of December this force was joined by a much larger one under General Montgomery, from Montreal. By these two the city was invested, and several bombardments of it made wit^i shot and shells, but without producing- much ettect. A night attack was at length determined on by Mont- gomery on the southern, and Arnold on the northern, side of the Lower Town. Both attacks were made with great courage and impetuosity, but both failed. In the former. Gen. Mont- gomery and nearly all his personal staff wore killed ; in the latter, Gen. Arnold was wounded, and with most of his follow- ers taken prisoners. The loss of the Americans in these attacks was upward of 100 killed and wounded, and of the British, only one naval officer killed, and seventeen men killed and wounded. The Americans did not, however, give up the attempt ^^1 i4e QUEBEC. i \\\!|||| {,'11 to rea.ce Quebec ; as, f -^ ^^^ ^nflSTnv^K^^^^^ -^ tinued to receive reinforcemen^ and to invest ^^^^^^^ in the spring of the year ^^^^^"g^^Sn.the English com- thcir attack on the «^*^^«K Jj^.eiv^ a^^mportant accession mander of the gamson. having ^^1 sqSadrorunder the com- tl,ey retreated, and abandoned their P*^ ^ . foreign "^ '^^-1' lSl*t ',^rbd ThfciUde^ h^s°te'en gradually foe, and as since that perioa w« ^ guccesaive governor of Btringthened and i^^Pr?^^^; ;^^;Jf4XyresTrr t^^^^^^ the force Stt;S?f:en!r»TeV:^aVtceU.elytobebr«„gU aRainat it from this continent. GENEH.L MoKTooMERV.- -A tablet ha3 been placed on the roTof ";: Duunond, near the spot where General Montgomery f^^uh his two aids-de-oamp, Majors McPherson ani Cheeso- ml; aPres-de-viUe, in the attack upon Quebec by the Amer- 'Thftiristir;" S tt rron. the road, and bears the following inscription : MAJOR-GENERAL MONTGOMERY FELL, DECEMBER 3l8T, 1775. . It has long heen a -tte^f eujns^^^^^^^ the United States, who, ^^""gJl^^ 'X^tldX, that no clue continual stream of visitors '^^.^^f^^ „^t wh^^^^^ could be found by them to mdj^^ ^^^^^ ^^, f.lonial Sory^t ?r nS; ^ lasXst^ntruggle before the city ^'X^io is -ch indebted to the^^^^^^^^^^ labor he has bestowed in ^^^"S^^f ,^'^^^^^ and this tab- :. . . _i _^^;v.;onotir'.fts connected witn tne civjj ";"^ ,_i__„:^ nisDoriu^ii icirL.«..>" -— „ nvnnf of the interest ne iA^v:a m let, erected ''J >"■"• ".Jfi^f o?OTery incident connected with ™rpctuating *^/^^f ^ZrablJevUs illuming the annals *rouT^eran G^altarr Sea IUwk.n.' Quebec. i VICINITY OF QUEBEC. 147 VICINITY OF QUEBEC. Quebec, the Ultima Thule of most travelers, stands not alone in regard to attractions of interest. In the Vicinity, within a few hours' ride, are located waterfalls and varied scenery of the most rcmantic character, while the banks of the Lower St. Lawrence and Saguenay rivers stand unrivaled in scenic grandeur, EXCURSION TO CAPE ROUGE. On this excursion you leave the city by the St. Lewis Gate, and cross the Plains of Abraham to the right of the spot where Wolfe fell. A mile from the gate is the Race Course^ which is thronged during the spring and fall races ; and a mile farther, a road branching to the left leads to Wolfe's Cone, celebrated as the place where he landed with his army previous to the capture of Quebec, but now occupied by an extensive ship-yard and lumber-yard. The road beyond runs for some distance through a fine grove, with avenues leading to various pleasant country residences overlooking the river, of which you catch aa you pass along occasional glimpses, together with the opposite shore in the neighborhood of the Chaudiere Falls. Returning by the St. Foi road, and facing toward the city, the prospect is far wider and more magnificent. Below and to the left stretches the fine cultivated valley of the St. Charles, bounded on the northwest by a picturesque range of mountains, the settlements reaching to their very base, with villages and church spires scattered over the intervening region ; in another direction appear the Falls of the Montmorenci i^nd the Isle of Orleans, and in front spreads the harbor of Quebec, with the bold cliffs of Cape Diamond and Point Levi rising perpendicularly on each side, the former crowned with impregnable bulwarks. The Falls of Lorette, situated eight miles northwest of -V.-WJ iri V TxcriVw-. '.iViiiliiVj ;ii;iii wui a small volume of water. They have a descent of about 50 feet, j|nd are surrounded by very fine scenery, peculiar to this section of Canada. 148 VICINITY OP QUEBEC. The Indian Village, at the faUs.is inhabited by the remaiB, of the once powerful tribe of the Hurons. The hills or mountains on the northwest of Lorette may be said to be the bounds of white settlements in North Amenoa. although, at no distant period, the upper Saguenay Bmr and Lake St. John will, no doubt, be reached in this direction by railroad. „„«, FALLS OF MONTMORENCI. In goin- to the Falls of Montmorenci, which should be visited by every fover of picturesque natural scenery, you pass through the suburbs of Quebec, mostly inhabited by French Canadians, and cross the river St. Charles, near its mouth, by a wooden toll bridge. Here are situated on the roadside several pretty country residences, on the route to Beauport, which is a long scattered village about halfway betv.een Quebec ana Mon mo- renci, although for most of the distance there are dwellings so contiguous as to appear Uke one continued settlement. At Beauport there is a Roman Catholic church with three SDires- and a Httle farther north may be seen a neat monu- inent and cross near the road, where are frequently found per- sons kneeling at their devotions. , . , , ., The celebrated Montmokenci Falls, situated eight miles below Quebec, is a grand cataract. The river i. but 60 loe wide, but the height of the falls is 240 feet. The effect on the beholder, says Professor Silliman, is delightful. All strangers at Quebec proceed to visit Montmorenci. " The effect of the view of these falls on the beholder is most df^lioiitful The river, at some distance, seems suspended m the air hi a sheet of billowy foam, and, contrasted as it is, wi h the bhick frowning abyss into which it falls, i is an o\ect of Ihl hidTest interest. The sheet of foam, which hrst breaks nv!r tW Sse is m^^ and more divided as it plunges and is Setag^Ifr^^^^^^^^^ S^S^^rSp^bot^^^^^ing'Trand^revolvi^ abound the torrent till it becomes lighter and more evanescent f^onthP whitest fleecy clouds of summer, than the finest at» enuatec ^etthan'the ifghtest gossamer, constituting the mos a'ry and sumptuous drapery that can be imagmed. \ et, hke VICINITY OF QUEBEC. 149 i«fia^oTlJ/^ '^"'^''^ *^® ^^«"a^ Statues, which, while it hat'butexiL^^^^^ t' '^T ^^^«^*^' this d^^ no «Tho«« whn^ ^y *^^s ^ofele cataract. cataract, hke some huge giant of fabulous notoriety » The JV^«/«ra/ Steps, in the vicinity of the falls above, are an object of much interest, and there are many excellent fishing places on the river, rendering it a favorite resort of the lovers of angbng and romantic scenery. There are also historical incidents connected with this neighborhood, which render it almost classic ground. There are extensive saw-mills on the south bank of the river below the falls, which are propelled by water-power taken from the stream above, and conveyed for about half a mile in a race- way. These mills have.upward of a hundred saws in motion at a time and are said to be capable of completing an entire cargo of planks in a single day ! In winter, the spray rising from the falls 18 congealed, and often presents a conical mass of ice 100 feet and upward in height. It was on the high grounds north of the falls that Gen. Wolfe met his first repulse, when he at- tacked the French, a short time before his triumph on the Plains Of Abraham. He was here driven back, and compelled to re- embark, with the loss of 700 engaged in the assault On returning to Queoec there is afforded a splendid view of the city and citadel; the St. Lawrence, and the opposite shore above and below Point Levi ; the beautiful island of Orleans opposite the falls, and the rich valley of the St. Charles. The Falls of St. Anne are situated on the river of the eame name, on the north side of the St. Lawrence, 24 miles be- low Quebec, and presents a singular variety of wild and beauti- tul scenerv. hnf.li in fiiQr«o/.i^„c „_j j.i__. . ,. . , T, "' --^rci3 aiiu tiiciT immeaiate neighbor- J^\i. I Jr'i''^ ^'"'^'^ '^'^^ ^^ *^' ^^y' *^« tourist can rTach t A ^ /^^^*"^^^^^«^' '^-^ *^e objects contiguous, and vLr.rVlr^ ^^"'""'^"''^"^'^"^^^S *^« ^«^t morning to visit the falls, and the remainder of the day to return to Quebec "Il ,gQ VICINITV OF QDKBKC. q.r rHAKi.E9 13 miles north of Quebec, is a favorite ;t '. 5 i. «.» «... .». ■«»- » •" ■'•'■■" "• •" beautiful effect of the ^^^ ' ""^ f'^, / sunshine a most si ondid Bpread by the ^^^^ Pj-o^^^^^^^ of the woods, variety of prismatic colors. |»^^^^^ ^ . f f^e river, forms that oi each f' Vr^^''ZT^'^T7u.glnce of the falling a striking contrast ^^^^.Y^^^^.J; flood, a-itated among the torrent; the hurried .^^.^"f^^f*^^^^^^^ St. Lawrence, rocks and ^^oUows, as it torc^^i^^^^^^^ .^^^^f^ f and the incessant f ^^ ^fjf^^^'^X upon the senses, and amply ^Tfi'es^te'cuS^^^^^^ . . ' ofv I^nrtCabove falls, the tourist crosses the river to Pol. "and then obtains a conveyance for the excursion, passing up the St. Lawrence for a few miles. DISTANCES TEOM ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '''''''''^'^f'' ^ T .30 QUEBEC to Gbosse-Isle ^q_^q *' St. Thomas 02.72 •« lliver Quelle VISA « Murray Ba.y g qq (( Kamouraska o^-, iQ « Riviere du Loup 10-120 «« KaKLOUNA jt^Q .« Tad©usac 54-184 it Ha-Ha Bay lfi_200 CHICQUTIMI -^^ ^^^ Lvorite igling, to re- of the lem, as are all le miles ivrence, jt higb ; is Col. >ck into 3volving ease the quickly 81 .endid e woods, iT, forms e falling long the awrence, elf, form id amply river to xcursion, IMI, ETC. Miles. 30 10-40 32-72 12-84 6-90 f>A 1 1 A 10-120 130 54-184 16-200 TABLE OF DISTANCES. 151 TABLE OF DISTANCES BETWEEN QUEBEC AND KINGSTON. via ST. LAWRENCE KIVER. vroxvxi, From Mllei. Quebec. 45 80 110 125 170 179 197 198 201 203 208 224 237 QUEBEC Richelieu Rapids. . . .45 Three Rivers 35 Lake St. Peter 30 William Henky. . .15 MONTREAL 45 La Chine, wm Canal. 9 Beauharnois 18 Cascade Rapids 1 v^lV: I lock " 3 Col ■>• " 2 r<..!>: vu Du Lac 5 Lancaster 16 St. Regis 13 (N. Y. State Line.) Cornwall 3 240 (Long Saut Rapid.) Dickinson's Landing. 10 2o0 Farren's Point 4 254 Williamsburg 11 265 Rapid Plat 2 267 Matilda 5 272 Point Iroquois 2 274 Gallop Rapids 6 280 Prescott, or Ogdensburgh 6 286 Maitland 7 293 Brockville 5 298 (Thousand Islands.) Gananoque 30 328 KINGSTON 22 350 PInccg. From Milen. KiagBton. 22 KINGSTON Gananoque 22 (Thousand Islands.) Bhockville 30 52 Maitland 5 57 Prescott, or Ogden«burgh 7 64 Gallop Rapids 6 70 Point Iroquois 6 76 MatilIja 2 78 Rapid Plat 6 83 Williamsburg 2 85 Farren's Point 11 96 Dickinson's Landing. 4 100 (Long Saut Rapid.) Cornwall 10 110 St. Regis 3 118 (N. Y. State Line.) Lancaster 13 126 CoTEAU DU Lac ... 16 142 Cedar Rapids 5 147 Split Rock " 2 149 Cascade " 3 152 Beauharnois 1 153 La Chine 18 171 MONTREAL 9 180 William Henry. .45 225 Lake St. Peter 10 235 Three Kivebs 35 270 Richelieu Rapids. . .35 305 QUEBEC...' 45 350 Distance from Quebec to Niagara Falls, 570 miles. Descent in the St. Lawrence River, from Kingston to Quebec 234 feet. ' TEIP As a I kouna, a few year steamboi by the ai As the stream, j scended, of the cit, The b€ sideofth( being boi above the The ro Quebec, i steamer, ] feet direc bank of i the Engli capture o1 Were repu The IsL ing the ri> tract, 20 r a beautif u the water divided, tl scenery of population Lower Car 153 TEIP FROM QUEBEC TO THE SAGUEXAY HIVER. As a trip down the St. Lawrence to Riviere du Loup, Ka- kouna, and the far-famed river Saguenay has, within the last, few years, become a fashionable and exceedingly interesting steamboat excursion, we subjoin an account of such trip marll by the author some few years since. As the steamboat left the wharf, she took a graceful turn up stream, passing a 74 gun-ship of the Royal Navy, and then de- scended, running close under Point Levi, affording a fine view of the city and citadel of Quebec. The beautiful line of settlements below the city, on the same side of the river, next attracts attention ; the view in the distance being bounded by hills, apparently elevated 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the waters of the St. Lawrence. The romantic Falls of Montmorenci, seven miles below Quebec, are seen to great advantage from the deck of the steamer, plunging over an almost perpendicular precipice of 240 feet directly into this great river. Lnmediately below, on the hank of the St. Lawrence, was fought a severe battle between the English and French armies, a short time previous to the capture of Quebec by Gen. Wolfe, in 1769, in which the British were repulsed with considerable loss. The Island of Orleans is next passed on the left, descend- ing the river through the principal ship channel. This is a fertile tract, 20 miles long by five or six wide, and in part covered with a beautiful growth of forest. It rises from 50 to 100 feet above the water, and the stream of the St. Lawrence being here divided, thfi RsnPf^f. nf +».« oi,^ _i. . , - , .-- __„„„„ ,,. ,„^. oixuiCB a,;, uuuo reminas you of the scenery of the Hudson River above the Highlands. It has a population of about 7,000 souls, and produces the finest fruit in Lower Canada, excepting that ra-sed in the vicinity of Montreal 154 QUEBEC TO THE 8AQUENAY RIVER, ETC. St Patrick's Hole, eleven miles below Quebec, on the Orleans shore, affords a fine anchorage for vessels of the largest size It was here, some 30 years ago, that the immense timber Ship was built, supposed to be the largest vessel, by far, that ever crossed the Atlantic. The Parish of St. Laurent, U miles below Quebec, is hand- K -uely situated on the southeast side of the island, which is set- tied exclusively by French Canadians, mostly engaged in culti. vating the soil. The dwellings have a remarkably neat look, being one story high, with both roof and sides painted white. The southeast shore of the St. Lawrence, for many miles be- low Point Levi, presents a succession of villages and hamlets, consisting each of a cluster of houses with a church standing in the midst, an* with its aspect of guardianship and guidance to the famines dwelling around, imparting to the landscape a moral expression, which greatly enhances its picturesque ^'^Tvessels usually seen on this part of the St. Lawrence are of the larger class of merchant ships. The arrivals at the port of Queb^ average some 1,400 to 1,500 annually, mostly from Great Britain, and besides other colonial produce, they carry back immense quantities of timber and lumber. Mabam ISX.ANB, 26 miles from Quebec, is one of severa smallislandslyingbelowOrleans. The river ^ere widens to ten miles, which graduaUy increases all the way to ^^s mouth an for most of the distance there are two ship channels, called th north and south channels, the latter being the best and most 'tf plIoUKMENT, 30 miles below Quebec, is a ^^ Promon. tory on the northwest ride of the river rising to the height of about 2,000 feet, and seen at a great distance. Here the seen- ery is truly grand. _ _ . ,_ ,^^ ^. «^«, Grosse Island, opposite Uape Tonrmem, us .^. T"'""'., station for vessels ascending ilie river, and it has a hospital Eoman CathoUc chapel, and other buildings usually connected with such an establishment. "lr c. bee, on the ' the largest ense timber by far, that »ec, is hand- vhich is set- ged in culti- if neat look, :en'^ concession, wliere another vilW nn^i .1. ^T^*'*''' ""^ ^^^ ^^^r front of the Kakouna ridle rcuSin of tZ^ /'' P^^^^^^" ^^^ the village and the beach. The ^ewf^om^K^^^^^^^^ pleasing. The river stretr^hPQ r»Tf i.> -J^ Kakouna is very twentyffive miles The ?aSw«T ' • '"' '* "' ^ ^^^^^^ ^i^th of of mountain^ AmU them^^^^^^ continuous succession bouchure of the Sa^ienav tT?^ ^ the scarcely visible em- grim and solidary ^MSay^^t^ ^Zf^.P^?'^ rocks look rounding waters Pw^lnw &„r r ?'^ ^'^^^ ^^^ni the sur^ river, fo?m7ng a iay feWs^t o'fT^ J'^^^^ P^"J^«*« ^"^^ the an enchanting spectacle tLJ''!^"''''-^ sometimss presents and shin^Yith the sSiino.^^!..^ 5^^^ ",P?^"^S waters gleam declining su l^CS ini • ^^^^^T^^'^"^ *^^« ^^^s of the the gleaming dark blue river wWch In v.f^- f '^^"S^i^ ^ith the eye can ° each, the widrexpln^^^^^^^^ ^-'^r "^ of every hue— its nlm r^Tn!? i. Skitters, as if set with gems nature^ tJcif' ""'^ '" " '""'^i-iatiou from nature up to Now easf of aoco^rwS aS^SSloTatSf *?, »,,,« cArTTPVAY R1VKH> ETC. 158 QUKBKC TO TUP. SAGUENAY daily mail, those places are ^Z^yZ^^ZL^^K^^nt to There is now «i^«^^°«^^^'^l,*^' wSs and a good board- where are two large and ^^^l^^^^;^^^^^^^^^^ ing-house. These contain ^^'^J'^^ll^^^ these and providing accommodated in the farm-housesYre^^^^^ independent plan, for themselves. This is *. ««^^^^^^^^^^^ the practice is be- The houses are i^^P'f^^^g/^J'r Canadian families having a ginning to be f *^^^«^?^,f v,*take ttemL^^ so as to give to fmaller house, to J^^Vj^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ A few home the visitors control of the whole 01 ine Rakouna is not comforts will naturally ^«J^,^f |' ^^^^ of a few comforts without its attractions, f.«f^*^^Jf ^eeW when regained. A makes one appreciate them mor^ Beef , lK)ultry , baker leaves regularly at the houses goo ^ ^^^ Ltton, salmon, herrmgs pigeon^ ,f butter present a bill of fare ^^^^ «^^^^^ ^^^ blueberries are starving, while strawberries, raspbernes a strawberry besides to be had in tli%g^?^*^\^„*.^^.f a singularly excellent grows in peculiar ^^^^^^rkle The children of the vil- quality, attaining oiten a large bi^^- ^J^^ ^^^^ sportsman will lage reap a harvest while f jy ^J^^^^^^^ i^ the streams not tind much game, through trout are^^un ^^^^^^^.^^ and lakes. Jl\«''.t;/1:owever^ But Te maik recommendation for walks and drives, lio^fj^^. the comparative moderation of of the two places i^^^^f ^^^J^'/'u^t o^^^^^^ ^^^^^'^^ «^"' ** *^^ the temperature, and the fact that op«n air ^^^^^^.^^^ periods of the day. be ««^f ,^- ^eSy cool. On the whole, ?,he air of the e^e^^°g,\^,f^f licence will no doubt continue these watering-places ^^ *^^.^J„^^^SrB, desirous of luxuri- to attract a steady annual stream otvisuo, ^^. ^^ile ating in a ^^ol atmo^^ere ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ f , , A. ycu approach the ^^^f^^^^^^^^^ ^,es below, waters take a very black hu , perce v ^^^ ^^^^^ and extending tar into the St. Law^^^^^ ^ 'esortod iikouna, [ board- Llies are roviding at plan, ice is be- laving a a give to ew home aa is not comforts ined. A poultry, ilk, and finger of rries are pawberry excellent f the vil- sman will le streams ive places nendation eration of can, at all essive,but the whole, )t continue 1 of luxuri- ling, while g equal or oae intp no- e necessary River, the niles belo-ff, a the mouth ntain peak, the opposite a the north- tie Saguenay ty Company, OtTKBEC TO THE SAGUKNAY RIVER, ETC. 159 and is the residence of one of its partners and an agent. They alone are allowed to trade with the Indians in the interior, who occasionally visit this place, but more frequently Chicoutimi, at the h^ad of navigation on the Saguenay, and the post at the Lake of St. Jolin, where some of the company's agents also re- side. At Tadousac is a Roman Catholic chapel, a store, and warehouse, and some eight or ten dwellings. Here is erected a flag-staff, surrounded by several pieces of cannon, on an emi- nence elevated about 50 feet and overlooking the inner harbor where is a sufficient depth of water to float the largest vessels' This place was early settled by the French, who are said to have here erected the first dwelling built of stone and mortar in Canada, and the remains of it are still to be seen. The view is exceedingly picturesque from this point. The southern shore of the St. Lawrence, may be traced even with the naked eye for many a league-the undulating lines of snow-white cotta-es stretching far away, both east and west-while the scene^is rendered gay and animated by the frequent passage of the merchant vessel plowing its way tov.ard the port of Quebec or hurrying upon the descending tide to the Gulf^while from the summit of the hill upon which Tadousac stands, the sublime and impressive scenery of the Saguenay rises into view. We extract from the Report of the Commissioners for exr^lor- mg the Saguenay, published in 1829, the following : ' " Upon landing at Tadousac, we proceeded immediatelv f^ examme a few of the geognostical characters of thrSrv 1 he only place of residence here is erected on a bank T^mL ^tlluvium, elevated about fifty feet above the river, rndforS a flat terrace at the base of the mountain, whkh .uSf merges at a short distance behind. The rocks Swh? these mountains are composed is granite, either of a red or^rLy coW depending upon that of the feldspar. On the shore ™sopn small deposits of magnetic iron TW. Ko"! !rl^ Z'"^^. '^^^ IGO. SAGUENAY RIVER. L'ANCE A L'E AU, ov Water Hakbor, situated on the Sague- nay, about a half a mile above Tadousac, is the name of a set- tlement where is an extensive lumber establishment. The St Lawrenck River, below the mouth of the Saguenay, assumes an imposing appearance, gradually widening until its breadth exceeds one hundred miles. THE SAGUENAY. - This river has its mouth according to ^<^f^'X7^^ln^e 130 miles below Quebec, on the north shore of he St La^ence, in latitude 48 deg. 6 min. 88 sec. long., .0 ^^^f.^^^, ^^^^lT^^'J from Greenwich. It discharges a much greater body ot water Ihan any oTer river that falfiinto the St Lawrenc; In^^^^ it is the largest river in North America, the St. La^^rence ex cepted, east of the Allcghanies. v i.^ r^rp «/ Tnhn - It takes the name of Saguenay only below La'.e «<• ^^^«' which lies about 120 miles N by W. of Quebec From Tadou^ Tac a distance of about 140 miles to the lake, the course of the r^^r is nearly eo.st and west, Tadousac being, as before stated in lat 48 deg. 6 min. 38 sec, and the south side of Lake St. John in 48 deg 28 min. 12 sec. giving only 16 miles to the north of Tadousac." This lake, which is nearly circular, is about 40 miles across, and it is the center of an extensive region, the waters of which flow into it from the north, the west, and the south, in twelve principal rivers, being discharged to the east by the Saguenay. The streams which flow into this lake from the south, the west, and the northwest have their sources in a mountainous tract which ranges nearly east and west for a long distance, and then, far in the west, bends northwardly, separating these waters from those which seek the St. Lawrence above Quebec and the Ottawa ; and regarding them in their still wider rela- tions, they are part of the extensive range of highlands which divide the basin of the St. Lawrence from that of Hudson Bay and its triuutaries. _ " The country, the waters of which are discharged into the St Lawrence by the Saguenay, is more extensive than all the re^to^ro^r Canada; but it has till lately contained prob- rbly: not more than a few hundred Indian families, who live by 8AGUENAY RIVER. 161 huntmg and fishing, and exchange their surplus with lessees of the King's Post for a few articles of imported produce Hr^« V^'r%'^«J^? ^''^'^^ ^^ '^' SaguSay from below the Ha-Ha Bay to the St. Lawrence, a distance of fifty mlleril ono In^^tr'"'^'"' ^^ ^^^Ji^'"- 'J^liey penetrate thro^rl moun" amous tract, composed of sienite granite, forming an immense canal in many places, with banks of perpendicular rocksSsW from a thousand to fifteen hundred feet above the surface of hf river, which is from a hundred to a hundred Tmi mtl?u brL'Th'^ *'^ whole way, and Jrorl'milTl' &^^^^^^ broad. The power and pride of man is as much hnmhiS f« re%^f'Nhfara^^:[rf ^"^ ^'^ ' '' in th^ il"p're" ence oi JNiagara Falls. In many places the largest vessel in«v run close to the perpendicular rocks, with 100 Choms waTeT There are, however, several coves iith good aSZr In Ha-Ha Bay the navy of England might ride inf^-n^^L. ! diffan^t fi^'T- /* *r^ °^il- bXt ChLu^imrwhthS distant 68 miles from Tadousac, the spring tide rises 18 fppf and there IS from 10 to 50 fathoms at low wfter The tide S th^l^^'T'"^ IS navigable seven miles above ChicoutinS wW the rapiUs of the outlet of Lake St. John commence Arf^! point a range of highlands crosses the SaguTnay extendi along the head waters of the Malbav the Gonffrp fV! t ^ Cartier, St. Anne, Batiscan, and St'^Mruri^e a^'d^ south and western side of the basin of Lake St. John Ttk th^ Hudson Bay highlands on the north and east ' *^^ It IS only within a few years that there have been anv asri ZlTf f ""r f^'^"^ «" *"« river. The^oiUs oTS tegrated clay and granite, with limestone in some place, Thl general level of the land above Ha-IIa Bav ^7?., „ fu can reach from the river, is not high r th?n he "C „? ol" leans, although more broken. The timber miyp,l w^ , soft, and of a^middling growth. The cCll S m Mo? if anv ni f ' .""""t ",' "^S"^"- ^"'' *« '"option of the ridie cro°i" "1^'T ^"''o St. John, already mentioned, thecounfry to a irii o??L'zt rs;r''" ^"""•"''^ ™ "•» -'"-* "On enteriner the SaDniftnnv finrv, To/i^„« —u.'., . one mile Wide at its moutY/tli^'hms'so;;^^^^^^ sen«n' '^^'' ^''"^ ^^^ ^ ^'^^ ^««* a^^« tl^e tKy pre- senting an appearance somewhat similar to the entrance 'f?om the north into the ' Highlands' of the Hudson Rive?, wUh wS 11^ 162 QUEBEC TO THE SAGUENAY RIVER, BTO. ing twice the ^dth of the Hudson. Tete Dtr BovLE, a round mountain peak, rises on the north IJZ river about one nule from its mouth. Here the ::^ls and hri;: most,, hare, hnt the verdure increases a. 'IhTLee miles from Tadousa., the river i-lines to the ihnf.rrrare:rh::i^^^^^^^ n;:r:pL..s. .en on the north shore a to. miles up and elevated several hundred feet ahove the v.ater, boar a stnk iuK resemblance to the human f«se. „„^.ranoe L Uvr. I...NI. presents a rocky --" ^^^f^^'^^^Z It lipa eighteen miles above Tadousao, and may be passed Dy CveSl eTther side. Here, it is said, fine trout may be nTL^rutHtrriver Marguerite, on the north shore J a St. J bus Bay, on the south, are lumber estabUshment. rl latter 28 miles above the mouth of the Saguenay. At the distance of 34 miles from Tadousao. on t^ soaft , „f tl,^ river are two enormous masses of rock callea shore of the river, "^ ^^ ^se from the ETKHN.TV Pomx and l^l^2Tl7oOto.t^ni so abruptly water's edge to the ^<=;f * "J ^j;if °,,, J^a from the deck that they can almost be ^f^^^ ^^^^,^^ .uff^ is of the passing steame. ''^^^^ ^ ,,,;, ,,,», Sminruptir vast height, Without awe-without and 1 ft h« -J^s p ^^ ^^^^^^ g^^lt^,^ t^Iweenthem is a lovely recess of '^^'^"'^Zl^Z^glo^- iU seque-tered and lonely beauty enhanced by its strong con tUTlIh f.e wild grandeur of the rest of the scene. (S« Engraving ~) QUKBEO TO THE SAGUEiVAY RIVER. ETC. 163 ippear- iveiag- e north ere the ;ases as } to the to Chi- bwrence, a great ty miles ailes np, a strik- yearance. assed hy t may be th shore, lishments the soath ick called from the ) abruptly Q the deck tin cliffs is heir base, 5— without Sheltered 1111 VJ •.••.'-,• trong con- ene. {Sec Trinity Cape takes its nnme from the three peaks of its summit, bearing some resemblance to three human heads ; and the name ol Etkrnity Point is abundantly indicated by the huge pile of ever-during rock of which it is composed. The whole scene— the majestic ri ar, a hundred fathoms deep, roll- ing along the base and in the shadows of the vast and beetling cliffs, bearing on their rocky fronts the impress of Almighty power and everlasting duration— the whole scene at this place is unsurpassed for its magnificence and solemn beauty. Continuing up the Saguenay, Statue Point is next passed, where formerly was to be seen a rock in a niche, high above the water, which resembled a huge human figure. The niche is still visible, but the figure has fallen into the deep water. The Tableau is an upright rock, rising almost perpendic- ularly from the water, to the height of several hundred feet, situated on the south shore. The scenery in this vicinity, and for several miles below, is exceedingly grand and picturesque— high and precipitous hills, clothed with a stunted growth of forest trees, and all around a wild solitude, unbroken by a sign of habitation or life, except ocf-asionally a huge porpoise showing his back above the wave, and the water-fowl peculiar to those northern latitudes. Fifty-eight miles from Tadousac opens the Ha-Ha, or Great Bay, as it is sometimes called. It is entered oh the left, while the Saguenay proper comes down on the right. At the head of the bay there is a large settlement, with several extensive saw-mills. The Bay of Ha-Ha— a name by no means euphonious or worthy of the locality — contains a numerous population for so new a country. Two villages appear at the farther extremity, the population whereof must number at least five hundred Bouls ; it is situated about sixty miles above the entrance, and BO closely does it resemble the Saguenay, that it is only when the traveler has arrived at its extremity that the mistake is perceived. The streams which flow into this bay furnish the various saw- mills with the power of preparing deals for the 164 QUEBEC TO THE SAGUENAY RIVER, ETC. EneUsh market-and it is not an uncommon occurrence to be- hoUl three or four nquare-rigged vessels busily engaged load- ine on English account. All the lumber estabUshments throughout the country are owned by the firm of Messrs. Price & Co , of Quebec, and although they entered the trade in the first instance with the intent of furthering their own interests, the result has been that the men they employed have become settlers, and brought into cultivation a large tract of arable ^"^ From the entrance to Ha-Ha Bay to Chicoutimi, a distance of about twelve miles, the banks of the river are less rugged and are clothed with more verdure, and openings may now be seen on both shores, with occasionally o habitation. About eight miles below Chicoutimi th.ro is a bar. which can be passed by vessels of a large size only when the tide is up, this being the first impediment to navigation in ascending this noble river, which for grandeur of scenery and depth of water may vie with any other stream on the American continent. Chicoutimi, 68 miles from T^^dousac, situated at the June- tion of the Chicoutimi River with the Saguenay, where is a pic- turesque water-fall, is another post occupied by the Hudson Bay Company, wb^ch has a resident agent stationed here. The settlement now contains an extensive saw-mill, a few dwell- ings, and a venerable-looking Roman Catholic chapel, of small dimensions, erected in 1727. It is one of those stations where, in former days, the indefatigable Jesuits established a home for themselves; a church yet remains to attest their religious zeal This edifice is believed to have been one of the first erected in Canada,, The locality selected is singularly pictur- esque and romantic. On one side the Saguenay pours down its mighty flood, the shores on either side covered to the waters edge with the most luxuriant foliage, while, on the other side, * . ,. -1 »„;««a +iia TnAiintnin torrent of the a safe and commooioua vaj- iwciT^.^ ...v. Chicoutimi River. _ • The church,- a peculiarly agreeable object m so remote a spot, stands about 100 yards from the margin of the stream, m ,JEBKC TO THE SAGUENAY RIVER, ETC. 165 the center of a plat of green-*vard set out with shrubbery, and forest trees crown the rising ground in the rear. Here assem- ble at stated periods the children of the soil; some from the region of the far north—the faith which their fathers were taught in earner ages leading them to reverence a spot hal- lowed by traditional associations. The steamboat navigation of the Saguenay ends here, as the river above this is obstructed by rapids and falls. Fifty miles above Chicoutimi, the river issues from Lake St. Johx, which is a fine expanse of water of about 30 miles in length, and, in the widest part, the same in breadth, its superficiararea being over 500 square miles. The rivers Mistasine, Msuapnwus. soin, Peribonea, and Ouatchoanish, all of which are laro-e streams, and many smaller ones, empty into Lake St. John, and as its only outlet is the Saguenay, which also receives many considerable streams in its course, the great depth and volume of water in that river may be thus accounted for. A portage road, or foot-path, runs from Chicoutimi to the Hudson Bay Company's station on Lake St. John. Lake St. Johiiy the Saguenay, and the rivers which they receive, abound in excellent fish, consisting of white fish, bass, trout, dore, carp, pike, eels, and others ; the favorite salmon, during the spring and summer months, ascends the Saguenay for a considerable distance, and are taken in large quantities and shipped to Quebec ; also cured and sent to European mar- kets. " The region of the Saguenay can not long remain silent and unoccupied. It is destined to become the home of an active and enterprising race. The climate is well adapted to the purposes of agriculture, and the virgin soil can not fail to repay the labors of the farmer. The aspect of the country around Chicoutimi is divested of the rugged and rocky character which distinguishes the banks of the Saguenay for the first 50 miles, and as the traveler advances inland, the appearance of the country indicates a superior soil— while the climate in the vicinity of Lake St. John approaches very closely to that of the Montreal district." Taken altogether, few excursions can afford more interest to 166 MUKRAY BAY, TADOUSAC, HA-HA BAY, ETC. the tourist and seeker of pleasure, thau a ™H to Chicoutimi and ts vWnity. Besides baying a ™w of the magmficent scene^ of the St. Lawrence, here may be seen a picturesque water-fan, and if fond of angling or hunting, the visitor may enjoy b.mself to his heart's content-surrounded by a vast wilderness, as yet almost unbroken by the haunts of man. : MURRAY BAT-TABOU8A0-HA-UA BAT, ETC. T„K following letter was written by a gentleman of Phila- ■^t On Wednesday morning, 25th July, 1855, wo left aoebeo for SJ lower ^^ ^^^'^Z^^M^S^' Z'^l.^ 4m t T^BBiES^ Sot- oj^. -tro^^rtt1i:eVf?ont,afarmi^^^^^^^ w seem to Grosse I feet int( passi'ngi Canada, great ni stretclie! frienils the ladic wear Hfr a marko a!fect. much cc were abc ing-plac( da)- light the Sagu Riviere ( at this fK is situate Saguena; settled ii out to u Lawrenc* "Lear high ridg float ovei the dcptl] than tha certain p bottom. directly o steamboa land. Ct is one of i mass of g feet in th its barren The boat the pilot ] sengers a beneath t' gaze at it mg of ind we sped v backward from our 'C. atimi and t scenery rater-fall, ly himself ;s8, aa yet rc. of Phila- 5ft Quebec At eight from the Lch frigate nee. The Her in the miles away down the ntous hill, ere leveled he city was le St. Law- (led by the with trees, ler cultiva- are, and its ' division ia jrn Canada, [le lands of [ded equally may have a irrow strips i in breadth, ore is there- :ed by culti* Orleans, we ran tine Sta- lored in the (rainst infeo- jdations are ira ship-fever its of Quebec MURRAY BAY, TADOUSAC, IIA-HA BAY, ETC. 167 seem to be of the most perfect kind. On the mainland, behind G rosso I.yhile they are eminently loyal to their sovereign, they yet re- joice in the active energy of the Yankee race, and esteem it a privilege to live in such close juxtaposition to a nationality whose rapid rise and hardy vigor reflect honor on the Anf^lo- Saxon blood. The kindly feeling beyond doubt is reciprocated in the United States, and that, too, from a nobler motive than commercial and mercantile gain— from the fraternal feeling inseparable from nations descended from a common stock! Whether or not the time will ever come when Colonial Canada will be a sovereign State, and part of our rapidly expanding confederacy, remains to be seen. If the course of events should take such a turn, we will acquire a territory rich in mineral and agricultural resources, and one geographically adapted for unexampled greatness ; if not, we are sure of a faithful ally and a firm unwavering friend." j. M. G. ANTICOSTI. Anticosti, about 400 miles below Quebec, is a large and im- portant island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, lying W.S.W. and E.S.E., in the widest part of its estuary, between the meridians of 61° 45' and 64° 15' W., and dividing the entrance of the river into two channels, from twenty to forty miles in width. It is about 125 miles in length ; its extreme breadth is 30 miles ; its super- ficial area 1,530,000 acres. Its surface is in general low, and covered with forests of stunted fir, white cedar, and poplar, or alluvial flats clothed with cranberry and blueberry bushes ; but the timber is of inferior quality, and the soil is mostly poor. Euars, foxes, hares, martins, sea-otters, partridges, curlews, plover, and snipe are numerous. The geological formation is a shell limestone mixed with clay, and in some places wholly com- 170 ANTICOSTI. posed of cncrinlte. The northern coast is bold and h.gh pre- Hin" magnificent limestone cliffs, wluch somet>mes r,sc oh e"ri^-'ot 500 feet. The severity of the elim.te .s - g'-">-' any grain is usually n!pped in the bud. In the month of June ic° of considerable thickness is frequently formed durmg he ' i'w ■ and summer is always far advanced before tbe snow d.s- Tnl'rs Winter commences in the early part of November, aXoTtinues till the middle of March ; the thermometer rang- ^".during this season from 20» above to 20« below zero. Tt. store are then surrounded with ice, and all eommun,cat.on wTth hem is cut olf. Its shores present a few small creeks, but tt ou *1 an extent of 300 miles there is neither bay nor har- tor TufficLt toprotect^hips; while the powerful stream setfng "y from the St. Lawrence, the d.oals wh,ch surroun^ Z iind, and the heavy snow.sU,rms wh^oh here occur :n^ fui nf the vear with its position across the mouth of the nvei llt^Kuent sce^ne of shipwrecks, and th .iiin^^^^^^^^ it •' the worst part of the voyage to or from Canada (15onny castt ) ' The bearings of its extreme points are as follows : we castle.) iue b ^^^ variation 22 point, N. lat. 49; o2 29 'J^''^''l: q^o 44^ 56"; 55' W. East point, N. lat. 49 \f '. aqo%7' qft" W lon-^. • .• oAo Qft' w North point, N. lat. 49° 57 38 , w. lon^. r/'u'l' ZLZM. lat. 49" 23', W. long. 63M3- Vn d v ted and magnificent light-house, with a -dv.»g^"S^ ;„w occupies this point of the island, and »»»;" ^^^„ erected on the E. coast. Spring tides rise ten feet; »«»P^'^^'; fce This island formerly belonged to Labrador, but wa n netd to Lower Canada in 1825. and now forms part o the : to ^^ i, t^uy a corruption of he ;r:r;:—. Itis.. -c^;^- byCart... ..gave it .e '^^^:i^^:^:;^^::^':^. ... »>. ofrXd of -ts:^. e-4 - x-'Tt -re he shores of Gasp, are seen in the d«tan e^ ^ . . an ^rtant district and headland, juttmg out mto th^^G^ ^ ^^^ 'running round into the Bay oj vi^teur., ..^..A.- = GULF OF ST. LAWUp:nce. 171 miles of coast ; the whole extent is said to abound with fish of different kinds, and during the fishing season a large number of vessels and men are engaged in taking and curing fish for exportation. Below where the Saguenay joins the St. Lawrence, the dis- tance from shore to shore across the latter stream exceeds twenty miles, and the width goes on increasing till it expands to forty miles, from Cape Chatte to C«^e des Monts Pelles, some three hundred miles below Quebec. From thence it goes on still further expanding, till it reaches the breadth of about 120 miles from shore to shore, in a line drawn from the extreme point of Gaspe due north across the western edge of tne island of Anti- costi, and so on to the coast of Labrador. The grand trip from the Upper Lakesj to the Gulf of St Law- rence is thus spoken of by a late writer, on terminating the voyage: "Through this magnificent mouth of the river we passed into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, having thus traced the noble stream, from the island of Mackinac, in the strait of MinhiHmackinac, at the head of Lake Huron, down to the island of Anticosti, a distance of at least 2,000 miles, through a chain of the most splendid lakes in the world, and with almost every variety of H'^enery along its majestic course." For further description of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and voy- age to Halifax, see Buckingham's Cajtada, Nova Scotia, etc. hil; III 'ii' ■^<^2 ' VALUE OF MONEYS. VALUE OF MONEYS. them sterling money. Value OF Colonial Moneys. ^'.^^Zr^SnJ:l^^'^^':'^^'^^<>iof the day fo. nt ladies are always alike attractive. Brockvii.le, 52 miles below Kingston, is a fine Canadian town, situated immediately below the commencement of the Thousand Islands, 'i'he Brocfrville and Ottawa Railroad, now in progress of construction, will' afford a direct and speedy route to the Upper Ottawa country. pREscoTT and Ogdejvs burgh, 12 miles below Brockville, are im^ortaut towns situated opposite each other, beipg closely con- nected by two steam ferries. Here navigation for sail vessels inay be said to terminate, while steamers descend the rapids with the utmost safety. lorning Jacket's )n boats ?er, and ig trav- go, etc., Pleasure falo, etc. :Bt place I passen- ibout the ect down ,nds" and 1 through nd thence I north or ■ille, Pres- rs to start antage, we sscoM dr" can stecni- ing the St. le the Brit- I., running TT .x^ "r*" XlUWv "U- distance of i see pages 69 and 74 '?. -. - " a further description of the Rapids of the St Lawrence, I- lt:| i 1 1^ 11 i?'^ -• PLEASUKE EXCURSIONS. TRIP FROM "MONTREAL TO QUEBEC AND RETURN" JUNE, '. 267. The above waa the wording ol the pass received from the. Managers of the Grand Trunk kailway in the ear y part o June 1857, but preferring to descend the " La Granaen^.r. in one of the swift steamers which run between Montreal and Quebec daily, leaving in the eveni-g, I e^W.ed on board h. QUEBEC, the crack boat of the Ko.v,i Mail t-mo. Distance, 1,0 miles; cabin fare, $2 50. On leaving Montreal, S(. Hde,V, island m ...on passed bang in part covered with a rich grow'X of forest trees, wh.le lUo fort and breastworks on the north «.«sel and immense '-moei rafts, sucli as are alone seen on tho lower St. Lawrence. ..o^ng on their way to Quebec from the Ottawa IV.ver, Before reaching Sorel, or ^ViUiam Henry, the stream c..- -' to about one mile in width, wlU. mor. clcvat.-t. ba..,-' ^ -^ river lUehelieu, the outl.t of Lake Champlam, enters Lawren treal, tl: Line. ] by Engl slowly n After au'l the an expai ged vessi often be Three Quebec, i .situated (if the ri' This ifi rence, al s^troug cu a rocky a alteruata what ele' bold heai for a nui 170 miles iiabitans ; Cape J point, sitr sight Poij opens the tug?, and months, 01 iies-sed on Without ^losicribed ; open for i Palace 8tr Clarendon riiN " rem tlK. part of lUvitrt" real and loard the mce, 170 ,ed, being ^liile tlic Ivantago. J Eastern jaehed V^y re is corn- two miles ansporteil nding tbc »n readied \, Here is Louse. i aortliern LkliiS below ae islands, app-^iirance :'oin two to ndcu ', with onse ^'^mber [•encc. 'K'ing im C">>- >cts 3a»'-- "be ters *' ^ PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. Lawrence at Sard, or William Hetvif, 45 miles beloT* Mon- treal, this being the first regular Ian ling for the Royal Mail Line. Here is situated an old and handsome town, enlivened hy English and French residents and the busy Yankee, who is blowly making his way into the lower Province of Canada. After leaving Sorel a number of islands are again passed, ■ml the steamer soon enters the broad waters of Lake St. Peter, an expansion of the St. Lawrence. Here again the square-rig- ged vessels, the timber rafts, and the more fleet steamer may often be seen threading their way up or down the river. Three Rivers, 90 miles below Montreal and 80 miles above Quebec, is an old and important town, being advantageously situated at the mouth of the river St. Maurice, on the left bank of the river. This is considered the head of tide-waters on the St. Law- rence, although the Richelieu Rapids are below, where is a s^trong current when the tide is receding, the river flowing over a rocky and dangerous channel for several miles— the stream alteiuately running to the right and the left, with banks some- what elevated. Poi7it aux Trembles, on the left bank, is a bold headland, which, when passed, the stream again widens for a number of miles— the shores for the entire distance of 170 miles being dotted with picturesque residences of the French habitans and churches of the Roman Catholic persuasion. Cape Rouge, 10 miles above Quebec, is another interesting point, situated on the left bank of the river. Next comes in sight Point Levi and the frowning fortress of Quebec— then opens the Lower Town, with its numerous shipping, its steam- tug?, and ferry-boats— altogether affording, during the summer months, one of the m .st grand and enlivening scenes to be wit- nessed on the continent of America. Wltliout entering into a description of Quebec, which is fully ^lesicribed in its proper place, we will allude to the hotels now open for the accommodation of tourists. Russell's Hotel in Palace Street, Upper Town, is an old, popular house ; while the Clarendon House, kept by H. OWeiH, on Lewis Street, near the 11 PLEASUUK Kxcuusiosa. posito Quebec >s al-; f ™' J „,„ the terminus of the Cape Rouge to the '^^'^^^''^''"^^^^^ g, L,^,ence and Sague- The trip from Quebec ^o 1- ^^^^^J^ ^, ^his work, nay Rivera is fully described m another p. See page 153. ^ • llETUEN TO MONTEEAL. . i. 1 „:n (Irjind Trunk Railway, 0. leaving Quebec ^'^'— 'J ^t:! crossing the St. passengers can proceed at b a^m. ^.^^^^^ L house, 3urrounded by ''a— f — .,„„g, f.on> cit, ,his is a njost spec y rw ■ ^^^ ;;;: = , J.,, j, the C.a„..« tocitvinsishoura;1^0mles the Chaudiero Uwor /„„«;,«, 8 miles from I'omt ^^'' ' ^^ .^ ^^;, stream, tl>e is passed a few rods above f^; ^^W v siblo from the oar. spvay arising from the waters ''l<'-'°j'"''= ^ uninviting, L the next 40 or 50 miles the »- ^^ J^ f^^^,, „„,t p«t with only a few residences m sight, bein„ clothed with a stunted forest settlement S«.Foi.n.65 miles ^-^f "'fj:,;; Uilues until War- ,„„ounded by good Ur^^^ ^^^ ^t tiie lalter station the passengei ^'^'^Z t\ii. an important pota' ,„m Portland and MonU'ea^ -^-^ ^^^ „ ^^^^^ ^.„, ,, ,.n this ereat railway ol tan.Ua. i ^1_ White Mountains or Portland, Me., here .^.^ ^a- PLEA8UKE KXCUIiSIONH. After leaving Richmond for Montreal, the line of the road descends toward the St. Lawrence, passing through several thriving villages. St. Hyacinthe, 30 miles from Montreal, is handsomely sit- uated on the Yamaska River, about 40 miles above its entrance into the Lake St. Peter. St. Hilaire, 17 miles from Longueuil, is another delightful village, situated near Beloeil Mountain, a bold eminence rising from the plain to near one thousand feet in height, being plainly seen from Montreal. A most beautiful lake lies near its sum- mit ; the outlet flows westward into the Sorel River. Other hills or mountains are seen in this vicinity besides the one above mentioned. Mount Houge and Mount Johnson rise on the south, while BouchervUle Mountain, also adorned by a most beautiful lake, lies a few miles northwest of St. Hilaire. forming altogether a most interesting and picturesque group of hills or mountains, being visible from the St. Lawrence lUver for many miles, which, in connection with Mount Royal, on the island of Montreal, are most grand and attractive objects to the observant traveler. The Sorel or Richelieu Rioer, the outlet of Lake Champlain, is next passed, and the traveler soon arrives at Longueuil, where a commodious steam ferry-boat plies regularly to and from Montreal, landing near the center of the city, where cabs and carriages are always to be found in readiness running to the different hotels. The Grand Trunk Railway also allords tlie most speedy and direct route to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, as well as to the Ottawa River and Upper St. Lawrence and Lake country. Montreal to Island Pond, Vt 143 miles Montreal to White Mountains, N. H. . 201 " Montreal to Portland, Me 292 «« Montreal to Prescott. 0. W... 113 miles ^Hontreal to Ottawa City, via Prescott 107 «* ... , ,,, ,^t£..,_.j ,_, 57 ^ 000 "1 "i PLKABUKE EXCURSIONS. MOOTKEAL TO UO.T0N AND «EW TOBK. P...«o.K. c» leave ^^-'f^^^^^^::^ ana P-ea. .<« ^;J<'';;'' ^ ^^^of , X, .he., they have the choice otV^'^'^^'^Syj^termont and Canada Rail. ton, etc., or take the car, of ^^l^'"^' ^ j^^,^^ „, New road, and proceed direct through by rail to York, or any '-'ter'nediate staho^^ ^.^ _^_,,,. Trains of cars also run twice ^^^ '"• ycrk Railroad,, ,real and LaC^e f/^'^^l^^JZl...... con- direct to Plattsburgh, N. Y , a ^'^ Ticonderoga, ami necting with steamers running to Bmlai^ton, Whitehall. j j ^yg routes, pas- On arriving at Burbngton by any ol ^^^^ .ongus have the choice o P--^^ ,%tZd for the White Mountains or Boston ; -f » *''^;'~ ,t, fo^ng a Unk in ;-rrof':xrrrx^":------ ,„„, a most magnificent view .s ^^if^rotZk Lup of Green Mountain, of Vermont and the ^* ^^^ New York, lying in the counties of Essex and ^ letter are the -' '— ftt Se U —n peak of feet above the ocean; while the MansM ^^^^^ Vemont rises to the ^■~'S^\'^ ^^"J^^^^ The surface of peaks on both sides o the ake - "^™ ^waters of tbe Lake Champlain is elevated 90 ^ » *"™ ^^,^0 being » :.:nSTrint\=;;t:::^-:ithinthedista.. " t:^Ua.,,,ai. and the landings on !---« f ^ ^'• ..vihed in a preceding part of this work. S e page 1 ""The steamboat landing at old i-ort xicowciv,. .„ - . ew York, ilroad, tc they liave , Burling- %da Rail- a, or New via Mon- Railroads, , bero con- leroga, and •outes, pas- )r take the r the White igton Rati- ng a link in and North- irard White- f day, of the :k Group of linton. The ight of 5,467 tain peak of being lesser le surface of jvaters of the there being » 1 the distance are ge fully cle- 101. la fhfi noint PLEASURE EXCURSIONS. where passengers disembark when b(jund fur Lake George. A good hotel is located near tlie landing for the accomramhtion of travelers, while stages are always in readiness to convey passengers to the foot of Lake George, about 4 miles distant. Passengers destined for Whitehall, Saratoga Springs, or New York continue on board the steamer until they arrive at the former place, when, if destined south, they take cars for Sara- toga Springs, Troy, or Albany. LAKE GEORGE «AND ITS STEAMEES. Extract from the Glen's Falls RepuUican. LATTNCn OF THE " NIK N KUAUa" ON LAKE GEOEGE, JUNE 12, 1S5T. ^" This beautiful steamer was securely launched on Thursday afternoon, the 12th inst., amid the plaudits of the multitude who assembled to witness the spectacle. The day was as fine as could be desired, and every thing conspired to lend interest to the eventful occasion. At a few minutes before one o'clock the invited guests and the ladies assembled upon the forward lieck, while a largo crowd occupied the bank, which rose like an amphitheater around the bow of the boat. The tops and windows of the surrounding houses were also occupied with spectators. The ceremonies commenced with an announcement from Mr. Thomas Thomas, the respected President of the Fort )\illiam Henry Hotel Association, that all was ready, the ring- ing of the bell which swung from a tempor.'iry turret on the shore, and a gun,from the new and elegant brass piece placed on the lawn in front of the Fort William Henry Hotel. A se- ries of signals were so planned that the gun never failed to ^^peak when its term came in the programme, and its reverber- ations lingered around the mountains that surrounded the lake as if loth to depart. *' Edward P. Clark, Esq., of New York city, Secretary of the Fort William Henry Hotel Association, next stepped upon tlie platform and delivered a short address, of which the following IS the substance : " Fellow-Citizens — We congratulate you upon the com- I'letion of a new steamer for this beautiful lake. We would, moreover, take this opportunity to publicly express our thanks to the builders of the boat, and to the persons who have been employed upon her, for their industry in getting it to its pres- ent state of completion in so short a period of time. Upon this occasion it may not be uninteresting to you to look back into 16 tlH>< '■'•\- i'l V] <5^ /a ^a % /> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (M7-3) I I.I 1.25 ^ U£ 12.0 2.5 2.2 1.8 M. Ill 1.6 riiUlUgidpiUt; Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 // % w^ ^ / ^\^ ^\^ 5v '^ ^v> 'Q s <'. C/. PLEASURE EXCLUSIONS. the history of the steamers which have hither ic traversed this lake. There are many present who are doubtleos more familiar with their history than myself, but the few facts we have col- lected will no doubt be interesting on the present occasion and serve for future reference. " Previous to 1700 the surface of this beautiful lake had never been broken by any vessel, save the bark canoe of the native Indian. " From the period of the French and English wars, in 175G, when only yawl gun-boats and batteaux were employed, down to 1815, we can learn of no boats having been built or seen upon the lake. During that year Elijah Dunham, of Dunham's Bay, built a sloop called (^ueensbj^ry Packet. It was built foi carrying lumber, and was from sixty to seventy feet long. " In 1817 the first steamboat was built on Lake George. It was called James Caldtvel/, and was built by a company of individuals at Ticonderoga, above the rapids. The James Cald- well made a trip through the lake on one day and returned on the next. She started from the dock called the Harris Dock, just below the Lake House. The travel was so small that the boat did not pay. She was burnt at the dock in front of the Lake House, and no vestige of her remains. " In 1824 the steamer Mountaineer was built, to take the place of the James Caldwell, by John Baird and Capt, Jahazel i^herman, of Vergennes, Vermont. Mr. Baird then owned the Lake House. This boat ran until 1836, when she rotted down, and her wreck now lies in Lake George, above the rapids at Ticonderog? . Her machinery was taken out and put into the William Caldwell, which boat succeeded the Mountaineer. The Caldwell was one hundred and two feet long and twenty- five feet wide on deck. She was commenced in March, 1887, and completed in August of the same year. She ran eight miles per hour, and made one trip up and down the lake daily. She was abandoned in 1850, and what remains of her now lies in the cove just below the Lake House. " In 1849 the John Jay was built at Ticonderoga (at the foot of the lake) by Mr. John Jay Harris. She was three years in building, and cost from twenty-five to twenty-eight thousand dollars. The hull was built by Ferris Collyer; Dunham & Company were the engineers. She was one hundred and forty- two feet long and twenty-four feet wide, and purchased from Mr. John J. Harris in 1853 by the Lake George Steamboat Company for eighteen thousand dollars. This company was organized January 14th, 1854. This boat ran from that time to 1856, when she was burned on the 29th day of July, 1856, near Hague, on the lower part of the lake, when rounding the point called Anthony's Nose— the lamentable particulars of whr«il .f this ,nile b "Ti about Caldwc hull w; gineer vessel hreadtl half fe dollars. '♦ Th( of the . with hii '«We —may j for the 1 the MiP Laiighii beautifu empties Falls of '- Who was inte and a gi wife of t who step broke th* ribbons, a ribbon and its c( shouts of of the gi; notice wa block or gently sli( fcibe woulc not been 1 the lake, William E duced. M are put in nas as coi can be bui For a fu versed this >re familiar '^e have col- ccasion and I lake had moe of the rs, iu 1756, oyed, down ilt or scon E" Dunham's as built foi long. 3eorge. It ompany of i7nes Cald" •eturned on arris Dock, II that the ront of the ;o take the pt. Jahazel owned the )tted down, rapids at at into the untaineer. nd twenty- irch, 1887, ran eight lake daily, er now lies ^at the foot je years ic t thousand Dunham & and forty- lased from Steamboat npany was 1 that time ruly, 1856, inding the iiculars of plhasurh: excursions. nile below Hague. ^ ""^ ^^^® ^^^^ge, about one abl'^^trcH^^S^t^^^^^^^^^^ new boat which we are Caldwell, New York on th« tlf l^ ^^,?ovember, 1856, at hull was buiU WThoms ^oTlvl'^r ^t ^^^^ ^'^'S^. The gineer The carpen^erTork^^^^^^ *^''A ^n^i^^^PP ^'^^ ««" vessel is one hundred Ld frtv W ^/ ^' ^Z' ^^"^lit. This breadth of beam, forty-four W II t""^' ^^^^^y-fbur feet iialf feet depth of hold Tf f . i,"^^^' ^''^ ^^^^^ and one dollars. ^ ^''^^' ^' ^°^* ^^o^t twenty-six thousand with his red capVrSnaLr ''''^ '^'^ '^ ' ^^^ ^--'' -rZ^T^lrZrle'LT^:^^^^^ «^e float empties into the MlsSDm' bStV" W*'o^° ^ '^^^'^'^ *^a* Falls of Sfc. Anthony ^^' ^*'^^''' ^^^* ^""^^^^S and the a ribbon to the^tiarstaff M^.n V bulwarks, and attached by and its contents ?nrin^^^^ ^""^^ 1^""^^* ^^ ' i<^ ^as broken, shouts oftemSd}^fhr^ -^ ^""J f *^^ ^««««^' ^ '^id the of the guif W th^^^^^^^^ Tf''^ "^ *^^ ^«"' ^^d tl^-' '^ound "otice 4s Jwen to thP ^rnwT .' ^^^^^^^^^s being concluded, Mock or tw^was knoLd Tw *' ^TT ^^^ *^^ l^^^^^^- A gently slid into thp^rw^iJ^r^'^l'''^ *^^' beautiful steamer not been thrown^ Shp wn« t f ^o^« "^^ lake if the anchor had tlie lake, and safelftnl,? \ ^T^^f *^' '^^^'^^ ^^^ ^^^^1^ of Wilham Henry Hotd 7^^^^^^ -l''^'^ ^^^"^ ^^ *'"^ ^^rt duced. When th?mLT r^ the bmler lies ready to be intro- are put in an of whiT^ appendage is added and the wheels l^as as comniete ^^tZ^^ ^' f"^" ^^ *^" ^'^^^«' I^ake George can be buUt " ' ^ ^' ''''^ ^' commodious a steamer ts For a further description of Lake George, etc., see page 97. i * PLEASL-HE EXCUKSIOKS On Ica^g lake George for Saratoga Springs, W Mteuiy, or NorYorl, pxssengcrs are conveyed fourteen miles by stage, 1^^ Ihroui the romantic village of G.^'s Falls, ^here la SlntM cascade, bemg one of several falls occurrmg on V „™orUors of the Hudson River, hero a rus,ung torrent, XZtely gliding through mountain passes, and then ptog- in- over a rocky surface into the plain Mow. XoZlv Station, opposite Fort Edward, situated on the e.. bXf the Hudson, is the place where passengers take a cars of the Saratoga and WHtehall Rattroad and from tZ proceed southward to Saratoga Springs, a farther dis- tonr"? of 15 miles. , . Stirtin. from Saratoga Springs the tourist can proceed o 2^Z ^°« Schenectady, or Troy, a still farther distance of 3 IZ On arriving at Troy or Albany, the traveler has the a e of proceeding by railroad to Boston or ^- J^-*-- proceedin ' direct to the latter city by steamers navpitrng the tMe waiers of the Hudson IXiver, for a distance of 150 md« ^rrtfSe^^drriS^of Boutes from New York to S.a- toga Springs, Lake George, etc.. see H,;d8ok River GmnE. , Albany, by stage, r.s, where irring on r torrent, an plung- ed on the igers take and from xther dis- prooeed to ance of 32 er has the V York, or igating the [ 150 miles ►rk to Sara- GUIDK. APPEN DIX TO SECOSD EDITIOK, TRIP THROUGH THE LAKES, ETC. Extract trom an Address on the Present Condition Resources, and Prospects of British North America, DELIVERED IN GlASGOW BY THE HoN. JUSTICE HaLIBUR- '^ N, 25th March, 1857. The British Territory in North America, Mr. Haliburton says, contains about four millions of square miles, and is larger than all Europe, and exceeds in extent all the United States. This calculation, however, includes Newfoundland and New Britain, or the Hudson Bay Territory, of which Mr. Haliburton says it was unnecessary to speak, as the customs returns of the first would tell all that" his hearers required to know, and the Hudson Bay Company would tell them nothing they wished to know. Prince Edward's Island contains 1,865,000 acres of excellent land, so free from stone as not to yield sufficient for building purposes. It contains 67 townships, with a population amounting to 70,000.* Of the island of Cape Breton Mr. Haliburton speaks in the most enthusiastic terms. It is separated from Nova Scotia by * Prince Edward Island is so called in honor of the late Duke of Kent, Uie father of her present Majesty, who was Commander-in-Chief of the forces m these Provinces in 1779, when its present name was substituted tor that of St. John, which it originally bore. Though forming a separate government, as a col.>ny it is comparatively small, being in its greatest length 135 miles, and in its greatest breadth 84 only. In one place it is not more than a mile wide ; and Us coast on both sides presents so manv buys tliat there are few parts of the island in wnli-h it is more than ten miles across from the head of one bay to the head of some other. The whole area of the island exceeds 1,000,000 of acres, and ti? there are no very lofty mountains, while there is an abundance of wood, and many little lakes and streams, it is fertile and inhabitable throughout. The climate is milder and softer than that of Canada, without the fogs of New. foundland and Nova Scotia, and the health and longevity of its inhabit ants are remarkable." 31* 1 1 .( APPENDIX. the narrow ^^^ .^^^''^r'.^i:,'^^,^^::^ sl.l^^^. oonl for IPS fuel, fish for his food, and salt to cure it. Such an event seldom occttrs, and when it does, is never oi ion„ '"v™%™«».0«* contains an area of <'« 30,000 square miles, and is as large as M""*-., "^ J^C r vers,' and its tributaries, drains seyenteen "^1^^^!.^^'^,^^^^^ ^u not per- Sew BrunsSf its vast mineral treasures, harbors roads •' Delirium Tremens." ir„v,hurton is 1,000 miles Ca„«,la proper, ''«»'f"S, *«*',' ..^Ssbehig one third l:?s;;ii\rFrre"^;r'pr:^:il^;inJ';i.i^i^^^^ l^J?:' I'lun r! J;^;S,to'oVa°r"^'ituTgat'to"'t of the proportion of deaths to population: *J^^i^^' ^7/% , SJy'roat'fiomait ylar' ^Mncreased from 5,805.925 . undied aty-five nearly , brine- ince of sing his nployed iltivate, ivorable in min- d, man- 3ast the jxhaust- r of ves- otia was 1 largely 115,000 a much Lch No\a less fre- A-merica p of long square 200,000. rers, and md, with w Brims- 1 not per- iptions of :-s, roads, ) prevails y equaled lared sh jalis" an' ,600 miles one third I large us )f 350,000 jd to the statement , 1 to 48 ; o74; Up- . g B05,92b IV APPENDIX. • 23,191,876, being an increase of nearh ave times- whilf» in Upper Canada, from 1811 to 1851. a tern^f forty '^^^^^^^ population Micreased ten times-about double LTncrease of the whole United States. In the ten years precedino- 1855 he wheat crop of the United States increased 48 per cef t -tn Canada, m the same period, 480 per cent. The totaUmnorts of Canada on the 1st January, 1854, divided a4ng her >vho le population, amounted to £3 14s. lOd. to each individual-i^ the Wtod States £2 7s. Od. to each individual. Her exports £2 e^Jh indWidS '^''^'''^^'-^ '^^ U-ted States, £2 ^M^^ Mr Haliburton complains in very emphatic language of En- gand's neglect of her possessions in North America He com- plains tha. the live Provinces have no common bond of uS no common interests, no power to prevent the oppressions of strangers, no voice in the regulation of their trade-are in- volved in war without tl.eir consent, peace concluded without their being consulted-that they have no representatTves ?n Parliament, nor delegates in the Colonial Office-that their ter^ ritory has been coded away without their consent, etc He says this state of things can not last-that there are four rem- edies viz. : 1st. Annexation to the States. 2d. Federal Union ot the Provinces, with a Colonial Board of Control-that is delegates in Parliament to advocate Colonial rights, and vote on them and them only. 8d. Incorporation with Great Brit- ain and a fair share of representation. 4th. Indepmdence EXPOETS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR. ^ J"? ^°^^?f ^^^S «^ows the exports of wheat and flour to foreign poi ts from Canada, for the year 1856, as published in the Trale tiud JNavigatiou returns : ^ ^^^^f- Wheat, bus. Flour, bbls. gayfield 155^359 — Brantford 22 492 Chippewa . — 7777 ^^l^^^^ok ;;;;;;; _ iog'299 Cobourg 75,271 13,305 Port Credit 99,904 30,118 Dalhousie 78,647 55,684 S<^^«/ 118,339 15,164 S^"^*?- 85,461 9,533 S^°^y?l}e 66,878 14,839 ^^^Ji^rie _ 9^113 Port Hope 127,895 — ^*^""l*oa 659,005 130,306 ■ APPENDIX. Wheat, bus. Flour, bV* ^° 118 091 ■ — I^ondon ^^g^Qg^ 189.438 Montreal *^°^_ 10,633 Oshawa -. ^^554 — Newcastle ogQ 206 Oakville I87'l93 83,931 g^e^f-; 189;332 61,990 Stamford 179553 — Port Stanley 1661645 83,351 Toronto ;; ^'^^^'766 6,140 Whitby 111986 — Woodstock aoo'aq'j 35,859 Other ports Jzzl - — Total exports 4,997,656 878,775 Value of wheat, ^}i!^^^'''^Z\'l''^^^ in dollars, $12'997 64^neariy th^^^^^^^^^^^^ $689,640 to Of this quantity $2,103,938 J^.», f ^; '".„^|'i. nearly ten mil- North American Colomes and th^^^^^^^^ y^^^ ^^^^^ IpS^v^r?^^^^^^^^^ '-' -'''' '-'-''''' years, the following is the result : ^ Wheat. Flour Value QQ^ 7 ''16 668,623 £842,620 1854 933,/ 06 bb« ^^^^ lie: : : : : : : : : : : 4;997;6f6 878:775 3,240,912 EAILWAY TEAFFIC IN CANADA. a statement in Herapatk's ^-^I^^ZiZruii^'^M that though tbe progress of -^^^^^^^^^^ r n^4tr%1 Sil ' ^T e?n^r\^- has heen as follows : From 1847. 1848. 1849, 1850. 1861. Miles opened. . 24 "■■ . 30 42 1852 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. MUes opened. . B6 ".. 132 '■"*... 431 ..304 370 The Canada llailways in operation are, miles. 1,419 438 633 ,931 ,990 ,351 ,140 .,859 1,775 tal value dollars! 189,540 to ' ten mil- hat these safe to do, Provincial I previous • lue t2,6'20 ;2,691 10,912 orZ we lea^n lot equaled aada alone follows : MUes opened. . 86 ".. 132 ■ " . . . 431 ..304 '.".*.... 370 1^19 APPENDIX. Railway TAAFFic—Cuntinued Miles opoi n Upper and Lvow r Caiiatla. Buffalo and Lake Huron 84 ChampLiin and St. Lawrence 49 Cobourg and Peterboro' 28 Erie and Ontario 17 Grand Trunk (Canada portion) 701 Great Western 284 London and Port Stanley 24 Montreal and Nt^v York 37 Ontario, Simcoe and Huron 96 Port Dalhousie and Thorold 4 Port Hope, Lindsay and Beaverton 41 Total 1,419 SURVEY OF THE OTTAWA AND FRENCH RIVER ROUTE, EXTENDING FKOil OTTAWA OITY TO LAKE HUBOJI. This grand project of uniting the waters of Lake Huron and the Ottawa has been recommended by the Provincial Parlia- ment of Canada, and minute survey made of the proposed route. The report of the engineer saya : " The old canoe route of the voyageurs of the northwest fol- lows the Ottawa for about 180 miles above Ottawa City to the mout^ of Matawan River, ascending "vehich stream, nearly due west, LO its head waters on Trout Lake, about 40 miles, it there crosses the height of land separating the waters flowing to the Ottawa from these tributaries to the Lakes and St. Lawrence, The width of the dividing ridge may be taken at three miles, and it is washed on the west side by Lake Nipissing ; crossing which we descend its outlet, the French River, to the Georgian Bay. The distance from the mouth of the Matawan, where we leave the Ottawa, to that of French River, is about 125 miles- being a total of 305 miles from Ottawa City." The above described route is pronounced perfectly practicable for a ship canal route. " Of the 180 miles from Ottawa City to the Matawan, about 85 miles are navigated, in three distinct sections, by steamers of from 5 to 5| feet draught of water ; tlie higliest point to which they now ascend being ' Les Deux Joachims' Rapids, 185 miles above the city of Ottawa."^ The engineer adds : '• This old canoe route is that which will be adopted ^/or any larger scheme of navigation that the growing wants of the coun- iry may require to be perfected by the valley of the Ottawa." \-\ \ -ri APPENDIX. EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS, ESTIMATES, ETC,RELATrE TO IMPROVEMENTS OF THE NAVIGATION OF THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, 1866. RAl-lDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Estimates of cost of procuring a navigable channel through- out the whole of the llapids of the river St. Lawrence, from Prescott to the head of the Lachine Canal, by removing the obstructions; that channel to be 200 feet wide, and between 12 and 13 feet deep at low summer water : Fept. In. Est. Cost. 1. Galops Rapids (Isle au Galops to Point Iroquois) . . 14 9 £11^2 2. Rapid Plat • ^^ ^ 17.00 8. Long Sault (North Channel) ..,■..••• i^.--y--:\^ " / tLUt 4. Coteau Rapids (^Lake St. Francis to Pie. au Diable) | ( 40,8b5 5. Cedar Rapids (Vte. au Diable to Pte. au Moulin). ^ V84 < 12,500 6. Cascade Rapids (Pte. au Moulin to Lake bt. Louis) ) I WOJ> 7. Lachine Rapida J^ ^ Total 203 £180,000 It results from the examination made by the undersigned, and upon which they have the honor of reporting above : 1st That the river St. Lawrence, in its present condition, may be considered navigable, during low summer water, from Prescott to the foot of Lake St. Francis, for vesse s drawing eight feet ; also, through Lake St. Louis for vessels drawing eilht feet or even ten feet, tmd between Lake St. Irancis and St Louis for vessels drawing six feet, and during the higher stacres of water by vessels respectively of a somewhat heavier draft, however, not exceeding Sh and 6^ feet. 2d That to make it perfectly navigable throughout, from Prescott to the head of the Lachine Canal, for vessels drawing ten feet will require the removal of obstructions in the galops Kapids,'the north channel of the Long Sault, the Coteau, Cedar, and Cascade Rapids. . j.. r. ». „+;<^^c v^r 3d That the practicability of removing those obstructions by means of sub-marine blasting, etc., 1^^ J^^^^n ascertained by actual experiment in different portions of the Coteau Rapids , ^''4th. That the cost of the whole improvement wiU not exceed £180,000, or $720,000. (Signed) B. Maillefert, > Engineers. W. Raasloff, 3 ^ APPENDIX. RAPIDS, ISLANDS, ETC., BETWEEN PKESCOTT AN... MON- TREAL, GIVING THE DISTANCES FEOM PEESCOTT. South or Am kric Arc Side. North oh Canada Side. OGDENSBUUGII, JVorthern Railro ;rf. Chimney Islands, 5 miles. Tibbet's Island, 6 miles. Isle aux Galops, 7 mUes. Long Point. Rapid. Ogden's Island, 18 miles. Waddingtojv. Goose Neck Island. 24 miles. Chrysler's Island, 27 miles. Cat Island, 31 milea Croyles Island. Long Sault Island, 36 miles. Long Sault Barnhart's Island. Rapids. 45 degrees N. lat. St. Regis. Squaw Island, 61 miles. Lake 2 to 6 miles o ft. o o o *^ (?♦• w PRESCOTT, Ottawa and Fresco ft R. R. Isle aux Moutons. Drummond's Island. Duck Island. Galops Rapids. Port Cardinal, 10 miles. Tousson's I:iland, 12 miles. Port Iroquois, 14 miles. Rapid Plat. Williamsburg. Chrysler's Farm. Cat Island. Farren's Point, 33 miles. DiCKiN'iOJNr's Landing, 38 m. Rapids, 40 miles Sheek's Island, 41 miles Rapids. Cornwall Island. Cornwall, 50 miles. St. Regis Island, 53 miles Butternut Island. St. Francis, in width. Cote A r nu Lac, 80 miles. APPENDIX. North Side. Maclntyre Island. Maple IslaTid. Cotean Thorn Islaud. Pig Island. Broad Island, 84 miles. La Pierre Island. Islo a VAil. Cedar St. Timothy. Isle aux Noii. o. Split Rocx' River. Cascade Beauhabnois, 96 miles. Iklouth of Ottawa River. Lake 4 to 8 miles Caughnawaga, j Mo?itreal Sf Kew York R.R Lachine Isle aux DiaUe. La Feairie. Victoria St. Helen's Island. South Side. 1 Giroux Island. French Island. Rapids, 8-2 miles. Fish Island. Prisoner's Island. Isle aux VachoB. Cedah Village, 90 miles. Eapids. Isle aux Quacks. Isle de la Grande Chute Pointc aux I^Ioulin. Round Island. Eapida, 91 nules. Isle aux Cascades. Isle Pcrrot. St. Louis, in width. Lachine, 112 miles. Lachine Railroad. Rapids, 116 miles. Isle aux Ilcron. Nun's Island. Bridge. MONTREAL, 122 miles. ?d 11 APPENDIX. ST. LA WHEN ^lE AND CnAMPLAlN SHIP CANAL. As the improvement of the llapida of St. Lawrence River, in connection with the proposed Ht. Lawrence and Champlain Ship Canal, are of the greatest importance to the commerce of both the Canadas as well as the United States, we subjoin the following extracts, reported to the Legislative Assembly of Canada during the 2d session, 5th ParliaKiCnt, 1856 : " The estimates have ' een made for a ship canal with 80 feet of width at bottom, slopes of two horizontal to one vertical, with banks 16 feet high, and calculated in ordinary times for 1^ feet depth of water, and during the sea'^ons when there may bv unusual high water in the St. Lawrence and the Lakes, to be (sed with 12 feet of water; 'he locks to be 230 feet long, on tie clear between the gates, and 36 feet wide, with one foot less c'opth of water on the miter sills than there is depth of watCx in the canal. " First. By enlarging Cliambly Canal and improving the navigation of the river Sorel, or Richelieu, for a distance of about 46 miles. This route has the improvement of the lock and dam at St. Ours. Total length from St. John's to Sorel, 68 miles. Estimated cost, $2,016,080. " Sccotid. By enlarging part of the Chambly Canal and build- ing new canal for the remainder of the distance to Longueuil (opposite Montreal), 28^ miles. 'Estimated cost, $3,473,360. " Third. By enlarging part of the Chambly Canal and build- ing new canal for the remainder of the distance to Caughna- waga (above Montreal), 34 i miles (Champlain level). Estimated cost, $3,706,230. " Fourth. By building a canal from St. John to Caughnawa- ga, on a direct line, with a navigable feeder from the Beauhar- nois Canal, 25.} miles. Estimated cost, $2,979,240. " The direct line. No. 4, will have eight locks, five ascending and three descending to Lake Champlain ; or six lift-locks more than the Champlain level. No. 8, and nine miles less length of canal. The direct line must be supplied with water from the St. Lawrence, and will require a feeder of 16 miles in length. The feeder will enter the canal at a point about four miles from the terminus at Caughnavvaga. The entrance into the lock at Caughnawaga is about one and a half miles above the railroad and ferry wharf. This is the nearest point at which a good entrance, with depth of water and quiet current, could be ob- tained. The situation is very eligible for wharves and piers I m m i APPENDIX. that will be required; very safe, and by means f ^ small isl- and -^imediately above, very capacious accommodation may be made, at moderate expense for the lumber trade, m changmg from the river to the canal, as well as for vessels, in their tran- Bit between river and canal." In order to make the above magnificent improvements avail- able to the city of New York and the Union at large, it would require a Ship Canal to be constructed from Whitehall to Al- bany or Hudson, a total distance of about 90 miles. When the united wisdom and capital of Canada and the United States shall have completed this great work, then may we see vessels of one thousand tons burden or upward loading at the different ports on the Upper Lakes, and sailing direct for Mon- treal* or New York, and from either of the above sea-ports proceed direct to the different ports on the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. * The Lachine Canal, 8i miles in length, would have to be enlarged to the same dimenaions as the proposed St. Lawrence and Champlain CanaL :;if aall isl- may be langing ir tran- ts avail- it would LI to Al- e United Y we see Lg at the for Mon- 3ea-port8 )r Pacific nlarged to aia CanaL 25 BRCADWAY i' ! !l. Is • I Q o ?5 P o o o 3*1 ADVERTISEMENTS. CLIFTON HOUSE, On the Canada Side, la siiuated directly in front of the AMERICAN and BRITISH FALLS. Visitors should Check their Baggage to the Canada side of the Niagara Suspension Bridge, and hand their checks to porters wearing Badge of '^CLIFTON HOUSE.'' ET OMMIBUSES and Baggage Wagons attend the arrival and departure of all Passenger Trains at the Bridge. G. P. SHEARS, Proprietor. Clifton, C. W. INTERNATIOI^AL HOTEL, PROPRIETORS, NIAGARA FALLS, (American Side.) •^ 5fc m Sj« I I ffinomnc&^sj asom^srsjis '^^ ' '^jEr:FBRSON AVENUE, I Proprielors. ffi 1 f 1 ® I ^ ^^i^pi,ffia®E(s^ss mmima KING STREET, EAST, HAMILTON, C. W. CHAKLES S. COLEMAN, Puopbietob. ADVERTISEMENTS. ^2) BIDDLE HOUSE, JEFFERSON AVENUE, ♦ DETROIT, MICH. This large and commodious Hotel is favorably situated, on a wide Avenue, near the center of the City, being convenient to the Railroad Depots and Steamboat Landings. 0. B. DIBBLE & SON, Proprietors. JOHNSON'S HOTEL, S. B. KING, PROPRIETOR. Opposite Michigan Central Railroad Depot, Corner of AVoodbridgc an^l Third Streets, DETROIT, MICH. f ►( i:» BOOKSELLER, JEFFERSON AVENUE, DET:p,OIT, MICH. JOHN R. KERK & CO WOODWARO AVENtE, DETROIT MIOTT. Ih 1 ADVERTISEMENTB. CHIPPEWA HOUSE, SAIJX STE MARIE, MICH This favorite Hotel is pleasantly situated, near the steamboat landings, at the mouth of the Ship Canal, and in the immediate vicinity of Fort Brady. No section of country exceeds the Saut and its vicinity for fishing, hunting, or aquatic sports. The table of the Hotel is daily supplied^th delightful White Fish, and other varieties of the season, no pains being spared to ma-ke this house a comfort- able home for the pleasure-traveler, or man of business. H. P. SMITH, Proprietor. ilMSTRONG HOUSE, COLI.INOWOOD, C. W. This Hotel, adjoining the Railroad Depot, will be found a desirable stopping-place for the traveler visiting this section of Canada. Nottawassaga Bay and Georgian Bay, together with the innumerable islands which dot its surface, on the north shore, altogether afford ample amusement to the angler andsportsman. G.W.ARMSTRONG, Proprietor. 1^ Steamers leave the landing, near the Hotel, daUy for Mackinac, Chicago, Saut Ste Marie, etc. ADVERTISEMENTS. ^E, steamboat immediate icinity for lio Hotel is arieties of a oomfort- >BS. prietor. iE be found a s section of .Y, together ace, on the the angler Q, jprietor. ;el, daily for 'e flliiiS ! torner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, CHICAGO. GAGE, BROTHER & DRAKE, Proprietors. Sll 3 Jl ^ P Randolph Street, CHICAGO. FLOYD &. FRENCH, PROPRIETORS. RICHMOND HOUSE, Michigan Avenue, CHICAGO. TABER & CO., PROPRIETORS. ADVERTISFMENTa. AMERICAN HOTEL Superiot Street, CLEVELAND, OHIO This old and popular Hotel, situated near the center pf the city, -will be found worthy of patronage. , t. -^^o ^ An OMNIBUS runs to the different "Railroad Depots and Steamboat Landings for the convenience of guests. A. P. WINSLOW, Proprietor. iilLL l©ii J. F. ROSS, PROPRIETOR, Corner of Superior and Bank Streets, CLEVELAND, OHIO. OMNIbUSES run to and from this Hotel to the Depots and Steamboat Landings. COMMERCIAL HOTEL, PENETANGUISHENE, C. W. JAMES JEFFREY, PROPRIETOR. rhe COMMERCIAL HOTEL is a comfortable brick house, Alio \j^ ,«.,,. A,l ■a■/^c,4•^/^•.. and PVftrV newly furnished, with a good Biaoie, curcxu. xxOo...., "•-;-;- accommodation for travelers, and commanding a splendid view of Penetanguishene Bay, contiguous to Georgian Bay L ADVERTISEMENTS. ,er of the ,d Depots > prietor. AMERICAN HOTEL, Corner of Front and Yonge Streets, TORONTO c. w N. F. PEARSON, Proprietor. This Popular Hotel, is conveniently situated, near the Custom House Wharf and Steamboat Landing, and in the vicinity of the Railroad Depots. BP" PORTERS will, be in attendance on the arrival and departure of Steamers and Passenger Trains of Cars, to take charge of baggage, etc. tSf EL to the CLAPiEIDON HOUSE, FRorarT strbxst, torostto. EL, roE. irick house, )lendid view B. C. CHILDS, (Late Proprietor of the International Hotel, Niagara Falls,) announces that he has now furnished entirely and refitted and decorated the above House, and is now ready to accommodate his old friends and the public in the best style. Pleasure 111 i»_J !.«_, iravuiurs vmi iiuu uci o a vuiiiivx PORTERS will be found at the Steamboat Landings and Railroad Depots, to take charge of Baggage, etc. i ■ ? ; ADVERTISEMENTS. RUSSELL'S HOTEL, FJ^T^J^CE STREET, Q.TJEBEC (Upper Town). ^^ This well-managed, and most comfortable iIotel, kept by Messrs Russell, of Quebec,has recently been newly painted and re-furnished throughout. The ball-room, used in summer, when the house is full of strangers, as a dining-room, has been en- tirely re-decorated in the handsomest style. The room will comfortably dine 250 persons at a tim^.-Toronto Globe, April, 1857 cecuroh; street TORONTO, C. W. The undersigned, grateful for favors extended him since as- suming the Proprietorship of this Hotel, and having effected his summer arrangemuuLc, is y,uu.L,::^±^v ^^- - c, faction to all who favor him with their patronage. G. F. rOPE. Toronto, April 21, 1857. IL, - 5 , kept by inted and ler, when been en- 'oom will Globe, 1 since as- ig effected ntirft satis- IfOPE. ADVERTISEMENTS. Main Street, Brockville, C, ¥. The Subscriber begs to intimate to his friends and the public, that he has .oased tlie above premises, and wiil feel jrratoful for the continuance of the patronage heretofore extended to the Hotel. Tlie situation of Brockvillk is one of the pleasantcst on the whole line of tlie St. Lawrence or Grand Trunk Railroad. From it the traveler may enter at once, by steamboat, into the exciting scenery of the Thousand Islands. Or if the wonderful Eapids of the St. Lawrence are to be visit- ed, the local position of Brockville renders it the most enticing, and at the same time the most convenient spot for taking steamboat downward to iMontreal and Quebec. Brockville also forms a comfortable half-way distance between Montrervl and Toronto by railroad, wliere passengers could onjoy a quiet night's rest, and continue th'iir journey, eitlier East or West, on the following day, there being a local and through train each way. THE WILSON HOUSE Is commodious, and one of the most comfortable in America. Omnibuses will attend at the cars and boats to carry passengers to the House, free of charge. J^^" Stages leave daily for SmiWa Falls, Perth, Farmersville, Wed- ^"^'^^'" JOHN BRENNAN, Proprietor, Brockville, March, 1887. "^ROWE'S HOTEL, ALEXANDRIA BAY, JEFFERSON CO., N. Y. This House is entirely new, and is fitted and furnished in first-class style. It is in the vicinity of the great Fishing Grounds and the Tuor- SANo Islands, which kave become so noted for their beauty and romantic scenery. , , . , f The American Steamers make regular landmgs at this place. B. ROWE, Proprietor. CROSSMON'S HOTEL, ALEXANDRIA BAY, JEFFEESON CO., N. T. The proximity of this House to the Thousand Islands (the great fishing grounds), as well as its airy and healthful location, renders it a desirable resort. Tke American Boats make regular landings at this place. p^ Passengers conveyed inland to any part of the county. m% CHARLES CROSSMON. Proprietor. ADVERTISEMKNTS. I LAKE HOUSE, LAKE GEORGt. This old and popular Hotel is delightfully located at the head of the Lake, and surrounded by extensive and well-shaded grounds The traveling public from the South will find at Moreau Station coaches to convey passengevj over a fine plank road to the House, affording a piua.ant and speedy mode of conveyance from Saratoga Springs. The Lake Champlam Steamers land and receive passengers at Ticonderoga connect- ing by Stage with the Steamer on Lake George, affordmg a most delightful excursion. jfrn- Cottages and Rooms can be engaged by mail, addressed to iTke House, JOHN F. SHERRILL, Proprietor, Caldwell, Warren County, r.. Y WOODRUFF HOUSE (Opposite the Park,) W ATERTOWN, N. Y. D. DOKSEY, Proprietor. ST. LAWRENCE HOTEL, Corner of Ford and State Streets, OGDENSBURGH, N. Y. D. DORSET, Proprietor. ^ An OMNIBUS runs from the Hotel to the Depots and St^boat Landings, for the convenience of g lesta ADVERTISEMENTS. THE FORT WILLIAM HENRY HOTEL, OPENED FOR THE RECEPTION OF GUESTS ON THE IST JUNE, 1857. This is a new Hotel, erected in 1855, situated nt the south end of Lake George, immediately adjoining the riiitis of Fort William Henry, and a short distance from the Lake House. It has a view of the Lake for miles northward. The house and furniture have cost about $97,000. It is 335 feet in length on the Lake, and 42 feet deep, with a wing 192 feet in the rear. The grounds are laid out in the most beauti- ful manner, with fountains, etc. The house can comfortably accommodate 350 guests. Water is brought for the use of the Hotel from a mountain spring, the distance of a mile, and is carried to every part of the house, furnishing a full supply of Hot and Cold Baths ; the house is lighted throughout with gas. The Hotel contains every comfort and convenience that can be desired, and is furnished in a style not inferior to our first- class city hotels. The rooms are all large, with complete ventilation, and most of them connect, so that suites of rooms may be had, or private parlors, as may be preferred. A Livery Stable is connect.ed with the house, together with an abundance of stable and barn room. A Billiard and Bowling Saloon is also attached to the Hotel. ^^ Ail communications to be addressed to ''Caldwell, Warren County, N. Y." DANIEL GALE, Proprietor 'ti • Wi^ ADVERTISEMENTS. colemXn'S CORNBE OF CUSTOM HOUSE SQUARE. This spacious HoTEi. is conveniently and prominently situ- This spacions vp.vitiful view of the St. Lawrence, and is ated, commanding a l^^^'^'^^'^Toiiv for its style, finish, and unsurpassed by any house in the city for its s y , arrangements for Travelers or Visitors to the city, on °^tT::PKiK.o., having made extensive' a-ngem-ts for been bestowed. ^ WARREN COLEMAN, Proprietor. lilMffi UML, Great St. James Street, MONTREAL. K— r»*.. .. - - * Cor::"'. Boston Hotels, and comprises a UllNlJNU oaw ovvt ROOM, unequalcd by any Hotel in Canada. S- The TABLE will receive special attention, with the vi™ 0^ --'-"-r!:!ir r":t^:nhrsr»a an oS;r J aU; rinTttcndance on the a.i.al or de- parture of Railway Cars »-> Steamboat^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ¥. tly situ- 3, and is lish, and business lents for ned that Luance of leretofore jrietor. Llii t beautiful Post-Office, V York and and CON- Ith the view erica. rs ; and an rival or de- 'oprietors. CLARENDON HOTEL, LEWIS STREET, UPPER TOWN, QUEBEC. The Proprietor begs to return thanks to the public for the kind patronage which has been liberally bestowed on him, and informs them that he has in many ways improved, with regard to elegance and comfort, this old and well-known Establishment. His DINING HALL has been re-fitted according to the PARISIAN STYLE, and he flatters himself that his Table will be second to none in the country. As to the situation of the Hotel, it is in one of the most central and healthiest parts of the city. It is also contiguous to the Court House, Olympic Theater, Governor's Garden, Citadel, Durham Terrace, and other places of public resort. H. O'NEILL. ¥. NORMAN'S VICTORIA HOTEL, POINT LEVI, OPPOSITE QUEBEC, f^DJOINlNG THE TERMINUS OF THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. Travelers and Tourists will find the above Hotel a most com- fortable and pleasant resting-place, having a splendid view ou the River St. Lawrence, and being surrounded by large and beautiful Gardens. Steamboats crossing from the Hotel to Quebec every a uiiuutes. p^ Permits to visit the Citadel may be had at the Office. Hot, Cold, and Shower Baths at any minute. ADVERTISEMENTS. ^;^SIN HOUSE, CORNER OF KING AND YORK STEEETS, TORONTO, C. W. nent part of the city, co ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^. 7T '^^nll7m\l^'^^^^ in a Btyle .n.urpa.ed in The Proprietor of th^«I= '^^''^ accommodation of the Sir "rent B— tm he ta.en . re^onahie rntPS Transient Guests, $2 per day. rates, iransit ^ ^ jQSLIN, Proprietor. Toronto, June, 1857^ ~ BSfrlSHTMElUCAN HOTEL, CORNER OF KING AND CLARENCE STREE^rS, KINGSTON, CAN. GILBERT & KENT, PROPRIETOKS^ MUNGER^ HD OSWEGO, N. Y. PROPRIETORS. ADVERTISEMENTS. E, d proxiii- jney can yet oou- passed in md each ;nnounces on of the easonablo ETS, NT, [ETORS. rsE, ORS. a* m i* iifv m I HrsraiiiK SARATOGA SPRINGS. PROPKIETOPtS. This large and popular Hotel, delightfully situated opposite CONGRESS SPRING, is now fitted up with every accommodation for the comfort of Tisitors. The buildings and grounds have been recently enlarged, makijig it one of the most extensive Hotels in the Union. SARATOGA SPRINGS, NEAR CONGRESS SPRING, HATHORN & HALL, PROPRIETORS. A-MERICA^IST HOTEL, SARATOGA SPRINGS. BY WILCOX & PITKIN, PLEASANTLY SIl'UATED ON THE WEST SIDE OF BROADWAY, ^^©" Half way between United States Hotel and Union Hall ADVERTISEMENTS. OLD OSWEGO LINE. CAPITAL $300,000. IN^CORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OE l^EW YORK. D C LTTTLE.TOHN, PRB8n)ENT,1 H riTZHUGH, Vice-President, \ Og^EOO. a' H failing, Secretaky, H FITZHUQH, Jk., Teeasxteee, J and CHEAPER than by any other water communication. NO TRANSHIPMENT AT ALBANY OR TROY. NEW YORK AGENT.-F. 8. LITTLEJOHN, 100 Broad Street. ^^'*"^*'T«'T..crTUNTEEWIN, Detroit , FIELD * ^!f4,l?slKr« 1- C^^oL* .HOKHTOX . EITZHnOH, lake Ontario «»"f °'=^- -^'i,*; malcomsoN, namiuon. C. Office of Company, Oswego . ^ ""'^ BBOWN, M J- BOEST & CO., T. J. MIILEI. & CO., ana rOUNELL, Toronto, 0. W.; ADVERTISEtSENTS. McKlXriaKT'S LAKE SUPERIOll LINE. The Splendid Low Pressure Steamer ILLINOIS, t'apt. John Wilson, will run the ensuing season between Cleveland, De- troit, Saut Ste Marik, Superior Cn y, and intermediate ports on Lake Superior, as follows: Leaves Clevelavb at T o'clock p.m. Leaves Deteoit 10 o'clock am. Tuesday May 5 | Wednesday IV^ay G Friday* " ],^ Tuesday " 2b Friday* June 5 Tuesday " J,^ Friday* '' 2G Tuesday -^^"^ i Friday* "^ I' Tuesday ^^ Friday* August 7 Tuesday " 1° Friday* " 28 Tuesday bept » Friday* " l^ Saturday* " ^^ Wednesday "27 Saturday* June 6 Wednesday "^ 17 Saturday* " 27 Wednesday Jw » Saturday* " 1° Wednesday " 29 Saturday* Aug 8 Wednesday " 1^ Saturday* ^•'29 Wednesday Sept 9 Saturday* " J^ Wednesday " ^^ Tuesday " 29 The days of leaving Cleveland and Detroit after Oct 1st will be irregular, but will be as near the above schedule as weather will permit. , . ax ^ ^ c\C\(\ The ILLINOIS is a first-class upper-cabin Steamer, l,uuu tons burthen, fitted and furnished with spacious, airy state- rooms, and all the modern improvem. nts for safety and comfort^ 'Te^sure-seekers will find this route ^^rivf ed forjji^^^^ of climate, beauty and variety of scenery ; while an opportunity is afforded to visit the rich Iron Mines at Marquette, and the unrivaled Copper Mines at Eagle River and Ontonagon^ l^ Parties at a distance wishing to secure State-Rooms, can do so by addressing the Subscriber, ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^W In addition to Steamer Illinois, two first-class Propel- lers are run in this line, carrying heavy freight, etc. ^ ADYERTISEMENTS. NE. pt. JOHW AND, De- irmediate lock A M. MavC "*16 « 27 June 6 " 17 " 27 Julys " 18 « 29 Aug. 8 " 19 ♦« 29 Sept. 9 " 19 « 30 QV Oct. 1st ;h.edule as ner, 1,000 dry state- d comfort. • salubrity pportunity e, and the on. Rooms, can Detroit. 3S Propel- c. CONAQOK. LAB EW THE STEAMER iTORTH STA.Il, B. G. SWEET, Master, Lbaves Ci eveland, as follows, AT 8 o'clock p.m. Thursday April 80th Monday May 11th Thursday " 21st Monday June 1st Thursday " llth Monday « 22d Thursday July 2d Monday <' I3th Thursday «« 23d Monday Aug. 3d Thursday " 18th Monday " 24th Thursday Sept. 3d Monday ''14th Thursday " 24th Monday' Oct. 5th Thursday " l.-,th Monday « 26th Thursday Nov. 5th Monday " 16th Leaves Detroit, as follows, AT 10 o'clock a.m. Friday May Isl Tuesday "12th Friday « 22d Tuesday June 2d Friday " 12th Tuesday « 28d Friday July 8d Tuesday " 14th Friday « 24th Tuesday — Aug. 4th Friday " 14th Tuesday « 25th Friday Sept. 4th Tuesday " 15th Friday « 25th Tuesday Oct. 6th Friday « i6th Tuesday " 27th Friday Nov. Cth Tuesday «' I7th The NORTH STAR is not surpassed, in point of speed and accommo- dations, by any boat on the Lakes. She is built for this particular trade, is over 1,100 tons burthen, is fast, staunch, and new. She performs her trips with surprising regularity, and is so well appointed and fUrniahed as to make her a PALACE HOME to the pleasure traveler. The LAKE SUPERIOR ROUTE, in the Summer Season, is altogether the most picturesque, healthful, and delightful to be found on the Ameri- can Continent It contains the grand, the beautiful, and the useful ; and bids fair to be one of the most fashionable resorts in the United States. It includes in its circuit the Detroit, St. Clair, and St. Mary's Rivers ; Lakes St. Ciair, Huron, and Superior; the beautiful Islands on the Route, the Pictured Rocks, Marquette, Copper Harbor, Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, Ontonagon, La Pointe, and Superior City, besides many other localities of great interest a d attractive scenery. To the invalid, the cool and bracing climate will be highly salubrion.s, while sportsmen find the facilities for Ashing and hunting of the most invit- ing character. The Copper and Iron Mines, the leading business interest of this region, will always continue to attract the enterprising and scientific to their vicinity, and the new and easy communication by the Saut Ste Marie Canal, have made the voyage one of uninterrupted comfort and Rooms secured for th? round trip (time 8 davs, distance 2.000 miles), by addressing S. & A. TURNER, Cleveland, O. S. P. BRADY, and CRAGG & BROTHER. J Agents, Detroit, Michigan. \. ADVERTISEMENTS. CLEVELAND, DETROIT, AND LAKE SUPERIOR LINE. on the Opening oil^^-^S'^^^l-^^^^^g^:^^^^^^^, carrying Frei^ght aj''! r-«^;™«^il'^^„''i^^^^^^^ Svv^^]"^ running regularly torn Cllv^^^^p St _^.^^^ ^^ j_^te Superior CiTV, Stopping at all "J'^™^'"'' ^ The line will be composed of the PoT^t J E Turner- IRON CITY ^^?*- c. R pi^EY. MANHATTAN .. John Spalding. (New Boat) The ''IKON ex.." is a new boat I^lt la^^^^^^^^^^^ one of the fastest ^oats ontlie Lake ine ^^^^^^^ ^^ undergone a thorough repaii , ana is expressly for e?ery particular. The ^'^'^^/^^^^ ^^.^J^W for Freight and BfrgrauSr^"^^^^ & — " '° their care. ^ For Freight or Passage, apply to HANNA, GARllETSON & CO., Cleveland. T a HUSSEY, Cleveland. a WILLIAMS & CO., Detroit WM P Si'AULDiNG, Saut Ste Mane. j'p PEN DELL, Marquette. ^:,r P%S:Oop;;r Ilarhor CAJISON & CLOSE, Ontonagon. E M LIVERMORE, J." AUSTRIAN, La Pomte. C C. CHILD, Bayticld. H ROBBINS, Superior PELLERS, ,bove line, Superior Superior EE. DING. son, and is ttan" lias icli boat in cpressly for 'reiglit and for Freight tlie comfort lonsigned to e Pviver. ADVERTISEMENTS. GALENA, DUNLEITH, AND MINNESOTA PACKET COxMPANY, ORRIN SMITH, President, Galena, 111. J. P. FARLEY, Vice President, Dubuque. GEO. C. BLISII, Secretary, Galena. MORNING AND LVENI>G LINE TO ST. PAUL, AND A DAILY LINE FlSOxlI GALE]\A TO UOCIi ISLAND. The Boats of this Company will make regular trips between GALENA. DUBUQUE, DUNLEITH, AND ST. PAUL, connecting at Dunleith with the trains of the ILLINOIS CENTRAL EAILROAD from the East and South, going up and returning— stopping at all intermediate points, and roraainino; sufficiently long for passengers to VISIT THE FALLS OF ST. The foUowini. Boats comprise the line between Galena, Dubuque, Dun- leith, and St. Paul: NORTHERN LIGHT Capt. Preston Lodwick. GREY EAGLE " I). S. Harris. NORTHERN BELLE « J. Y. Hurd. KEY CITY " J. WoRDEN. WAR EAGLE " A.T.Kingman. GALENA " W. H. Latjohton. CITY BELLE " Kennedy Lodwick. GOLDEN ERA " .Tohn Soott. GRANITE STATE " W. H. Gabbert. GOLDEN STATE » S.E.Harlow. ALHAMBRA " K. McGuire. All flrst-class Steamers, commanded by the mo«t skillful and gentle- manly officers, and are fitted up with a view to the safety and comfort of Passengers. iW Being UNITED STATES MAIL BOATS, their punctuality can 1h^ relied upon. THIS company will also eun the FANNY HARRIS Capt. E. Andrews. KATE CASSELL '• Between Galena and Rock Island, making a Daily Line, connecting at Rock Island with the CHICAGO AND ROCK ISLAND Jl A ILROAD, and the ST. L0UI3 KEOKUK, ANjj ROOK ISLANjj LiNliJ uF li'llcST- CLAS8 STEAMERS, and at Fulton City with the trains of the CHICAGO, FULTON, AND IOWA RAILROAD, and at, Galena with the boats of the GALENA, DUBUQUE, DUNLEITH, AND ST. PAUL LINE. J. F. HILLS, Freight Agent, Dunleith, III. ADVKRTISEMENT8. IW W ^s^-^.^ MICHIG^^^ CENTIULJ;AILR0AD PASSEHGER TEAINS WILL BTIN AS FOLLOWS: GOING WEST. MATL Tr..vra-D»Uy, exccpl Sundays, leaves Bbtko.t a. MO A.H., a.a •'°r*V llSrsl^ltl^^x^prBllays, at tO.5 ..., wm stop o„„ .t Cattt . rlrb" Jhetseafjaeuso,,, A.bioa, Marsha,,, Bat.,e Croe,. .fsSi". SralaVa. Btatjons as r.asMa.,,a,,. ^Vestor "-'>"'V';T,"F-Crto'r-M.,sto,>s o„,y at Ypsnanti, A„. .Z'",Ic^»:,' X-; mL,,.,, Batt,o Cee., Ka,a«, ,,eea,ur Ni,es.Mlcl,igan City, Me, and Ca,amet GOING EAST. MOEKISG EXl'RESS-Leaves Cn,«.o, daily, except Sundays, a. 6.15 i.M., and makes aU the stops. ^_^ ^, cre.i':rM.erx:-%e2^^^^^^^ stops at a„ Eega,ar StaUons. "J™ J , „, Kalamazoo. ^'rSxTSESrpX ftlrrM?s"ps west or MarsUaU only a NIGHT EXPK1.»» ^^.;\^.- „ ■nppntnr Paw Paw, Kalamazoo, and ".rtrcSaSr^^^^^^^^^^^ .ary, at Signal Stations. ^^ ^^ ^^^^^.^^ ^.^^^^^^ „f „n,, ^^j^ On Saturday it makes aU » ,"„P-- ^ ;„„, „est of Marshall. ^ OnS»nda,s>tstopsataUEgu^^^s^^^^^ gupormtendeut ADVERTISEMENTS. D rs: 50 A.M., ana 1 stop onlj attle Creek it C.20 P.M. 1. West of silanti, Ann >o, Decatur Sundays, at stops only a1 Battle Creek ays, at 3 p.m.. ers p.t Signal alamazoo. irsliall only a ilamazoo, and and if necey 3f other dajs. Marshall. •intendent MICHIGAN CENTRAL RAILROAD CO. NORTH SHORE LINE STEAMBOATS. DETROIT AND BUFFALO. The new and magnificent Steamers PLYMOUTH ROCK, WESTERN WORLD, and MISSISSIPPI will for) this line the ensuing season, and commence running immediately upon the opening of navigation, as fol- lows: PLYMOUTH ROCK P. J. KALPII, Commander, Will leave Detroit —Mondays and Thursdays. " " Buffalo— Tuesdays and Fridays. WESTERN WORLD J. S. RICHARDS, Commander, Will leave Detroit— Wednesdays and Saturdays. " *' Buffalo— Mondays and Thursdays. MISSISSIPPI 8. G. LANG LEY, Commander, Will leave Detroit— Tuesdays and Fridays. " " Buffalo— Wednesdays and Saturdays. These steamers are all new, of the largest class, being about 2,000 tons each. The commanders and officers are gentlemen of great experience and capability. They are fitted up and fhrnished for the convenience of pas- sengers in a style of comfort and luxury entirely unequaled, and are in all respects considered the safest and most desirable steamers that sail upon the Western waters. For the transportation of Freight, the line will surpass any thing evoi before offered to the public, having arrangements with parties between Boston and New York, and all points west of Buffalo to St. Louis, which will enable them to forward goods and merchandise with greater dispatch than has ever yet been attained. For the transportation of live stock, these steamers offer facilities to drovers which can not be surpassed or equaled. ^^ Shippers of merchandise from the Ead should mark packages to the care of C. L. Seymotje, Buffalo; merchandise from the West should be marked to the care of John Hosmer, Freight Agent, Detroit. C. B. SWAIN, Agent, DETROIT, MICH ADVEHTI8EMKNTS. I A; MICHIGAN SOUTHERN BUFFALO TO CHICAGO. lohAo, Milwaukee, Racine, Kenosha, Wf"k«gan. Galeiia, lUtk island, Unrllnston, Dnbnqne, Madjson, lo^^a City, St. Louis, St. Paul, and all Places In the West and South West. The following New Low Pressure STEAMERS form the Line from BUFFALO TO TOLEDO, CONNECTING TUEBE WITH TUB 3IUnUiA\ SOITHERN AND NORTHERN INDIANA RAILROAD. ONLY 242 MILES TO CUICAGO. CITY OF I'^'^f^^^* B,;ff„i„Tue.dayV.udrri.»>g ^^^ ., Train for Chicagco, etc. . r-hf./^Vq to the Aeent ou the Cars, ^j^ Pa-,9etigers, by delivermg their Checks to me jxyt> B:S:rcL,yea t, t., BoaW., of 0..,e, ana cn..e. M To,.,lo t.,i« Line o< Stcamors conned, ^-■m Ibe TOLEDO, WAK ASI. . AND 1Vi;BTi;r.N UAILIIOAD. r.ailroad. ean lake >ti; lk;f;M.vy4^ »4,srr mTc.»n 's^oi'T'sitr^^-. ^oktu. 5^ t„!^;,'V.)?-^/^;^' T's?an"be purchased at .11 EaHroad and S.eamboa; "™""^-"'""4m BROWN^tnoral Superintendent, Toledo 0, EZRA DOWNER, Traveling Agent. ADVERTISEMENTS. UN FE. Galena, owa from ilLROAD. p, Com'r. N8, " TH, " •>ct, Buffal", 'Iv after iho )fk,tIiroi;^'!i ing Express )u the Cars, d Checlred , WABASTT, an take tli-^ :at west- '. direct oon- iD NORTII- id Steamboat [-, 193 Broa'illi the Cobnrg and Peterboro' Railroad, .^f ^|».-^^7- -^Tb't ^-HE OLD STEAM- co^jrr??;o»««c| ?i n^^ Wk^K^^it^^^tor^'eS to MonVea,, pa.- inc a!l tbo '^/'«'^^«^t^*"^«^'^l'^,y„^^^l\^9 o^clock p.m.. on the arrival of tlie RETURNING, will leave Ooburg at y o ciock. i-.m.. ^ju. Trains from Montreal nnd Toronto. _, ^^j tjotj-nte ON WEDNES- LTA5^VA=!3BiS!^x"SA%A For rreif?lil, or Tassiige, or otncr «"< STEAMBOAT OFFICE, ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ Eoohestet, GEO. DABXING, Agt. r^ The car. will leave the Depot, Eochealer, at 11.50 a.>.., Eailroaa Time, to convey pasicngers to the Boat. ADVERTISEMENTS. mo ONTARIO, SIMCOE, AND HURON RAILROAD. ,S5®asR!^^ TOROMO TO COLLINGWOOD, C. W. Trains will run as follows (Sundays excepted) : LEAVE TORONTO T.15 a.m., MAIL TEAIN, stopping at all Regular Stations, and Flag Stations on signal, arriving at Collingwood 12.20 p.m. 4 P.M. ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, stopping as above, and arriving at Collingwood at 8.80 p.m. LEAVE COLLINGWOOD 6 a.m , ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, stop- ping at all Regular Stations, and Flag Stations on Signal, arriving at Toronto 10.20 a.m. 8.46 p.m. mail TRAIN, stopping as above, and arriving at Toronto 8.40 p.m. THE COMPANY'S STEAMER, J. C. MORRISON, Capt. Chas. Y. Bell, (LAKK SIMCOK,) Will commence her regular trips on Monday, May '•th, leaving Bell EwART daily upon arrival of Mail Train from Toronto, at 10 o'clock a.m., and touch at Lake Ports (weather permitting) as follows : At Hawkstonk, 11 o'clock a.m., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. At Orillia, 12.80 p.m.. Daily. At Atherlt, 1.80 P.M., Daily, if required. At Beaverton, 2.45 p.m., Daily. At Jackson's I^oint, 4.80 p.m.. Daily, And arrive at Bell Ewart in time for Evening Trains North and South. i^= The Steamer J. 0. MORRISON will leave Babrih every Wednes- day, at 7 A.M., by which passengers can make the tour of the Lake and re- turn via Bbll Ewaex bv Evening Train. »^* i rra' 1^ ADVERTISEMENTS. ^^l~mail^hroughTin E . FOR Kingston, Coburg, Port Hope, Darlington, Toronto, and Hamilton. ONLY LINE wiioumMSHIPMEl!^!. THE FOLLOWING rirst-Class Upper-Cabin Steamers Compose this Line, viz., s C'^T)t. KELIiT. KINGSTON, (Iron) ^ K Howard. BANSHEE u Harbottle. PASSPORT, (Iron) ,. Maxwell. ARABIAN ,i Sinclair. CHAMPION « TwoHY. MAGNET, (Iron) » They were built express^ ^^r La.e ^^^r:^^^^^^^ ^^f^J^t^rl^. rnWand famished with every modern convenience and comtort. Montreal, One of these Steamers ^f ^.^J^m and lIchi^e on the ar- every day (e-fP^^^days^.j^ Vom' ^To.the^^ for the above rival o: thel2o clock "^..^^^^l}^^^, transhipment, connecting and intermediate ports direct^^^^^^^ j^^.^^^y ^ as follows: at Hamiltoi^, wth ttie^^^^^^^^ gt. paul, London, Chatham, Windsor Detroit. Lhic^g ^^Wo^A for Milwaukee, etc ; at Toronto, with the r^oui y^-^^^^^. Mackinaw, ^-^^ ^^^Virand On'tS Railroad for. Nifgara at Niagara, with the ^ m,iX Columbus, Cincinnati, etc. Falls, Buffalo, Cleveland, Toledo, UlumDus, ^ ^^^^ To the tourist or P^^^^f t«^,?^"^^^^^^^^ expeditious- at the Office, 40 McGlLL STRLEi.^^^^ mILLOY, Agent. Montreal, May 4, 1857 ADVKRTISEMENTS. NE. on, [EST. rs OTTLE. AIR. Y. rigation — 3und with shed with ONTREAL, on the ar- the ahove connecting lailway for I, St. Paul, ailroad for Michigan ; or Niagara ati, etc. rds a most peditions — ake of the awrence hy soured from beamers; or y, Agent. ROYAL MAIL STI'lAMBOAT ROUTE BETWEEN MONTREAL AND QUEBEC. THE MAGNIFICENT STEAMERS JOHN MUNN A. Crawford, Commandtir. Length 312 feet Cylinder 72 inches, QUEBEC A. M. Rudolf, Commander. Length 280 feet. Cylinder 60 inches. CAUIN FARE REDUCED TO $2 §0. Carrying Passengers in connection with all the popular lines of travel from the Falls cf Niagara to the sublime scenery of the River Saguenay. The grandeur and variety of the views on the River %r. Lawrence present unequaled attrac- tions to Travelers, and have secured for this Route great and increasing popularity. Leave Montreal at 7 p.m. Leave Quebec at 5 p.m., daily (Sundays excepted), arriving at an early hour the following morning, in time to connect a Ith the trains South, and the Ottawa Route (during the season of navigation). ^^ Usual Time Downward, 10 hours — Upward, 12 hours Commissioner Street, Montreal. THE STEAMER SIR CHARLES ^^APIER. Has resumed her Regular Morninn: and Aflornoon Trips between KING STON andC APE VINCENT, connecting with the Watertown and Rome Rail- hOAD for New York and Bos- TON ; also with the Grand Trunk Railway for Toronto, etc. For Freight or Passage apply to GEO. CREIGIITON, Master. For Ficton & Belleville. THE EOYAL MAIL STEAMER F. A. CARRELL, Master, Will commence her Regular Daily Trips on the Bay of QuiNTE, leaving Kingston (»y(i|;. evt koad,^rnvm^ at Buffalo at 9 p.m., Suspension Bridge at 9 4() p.m., Niagara J » f «* » 5nntl «♦ EVENING EXPRESS, 6 p.m.— Leaves Syracuse via Auhurn Aoaa at 1 A.M., and 12 20 a.m. via /Jirect R ad for Rochester, etc., arrives at Buf- falo 6 50 A.M. Leaves Rochester at 4 a.m., arrives at Suspension Bridge at 6 50 A.M., Niagara Fall.s at 7 a.m. . j . io a»: » « NEW YORK EXPRESS. 11 30 p.M.-Stops at Scaenectady 12 05 a^., Fonda, St. Johnsville, Little Falls, Utica (at 2 50 a.m.),, Rome (at 3 19 A m.), Oueida, Syracuse (at 4 40 a.m.), Rochester (to breakfas, leave at Bam ^ arrive at Buffalo at 10 15 a.m., Suspension Bridge at 1 1 a.m., Niagara i alia at 11 10 A.M. FROM TKOY. Leaves Troy at 6 a.m., connecting at Schenectady at 70 5 a.m. ; Now York Express leaving Troy at 10 50 a.m., connecting at Schenectady at 12 p.m. ; Utica Accommodation leaves Troy at 2 45 p.m., connecting at Schenectady at 4 10 P.M. : Night Express leaves Troy at 5 30 p.m., connecting at fcchenec- tady at 6 40 p.m. SUNDAY TRAINS. From Albany for Buffalo, N ew York Express 6 00 p.m. " Buffalo for Albany, Cleveland Express, at q r a . „ One Train from Buffalo to Niagara Falls « {" ■^•^• One Train from Niagara Falls for Albany, at io nn « One Train from Lewiston for Buffalo, at :;•••••; V- " v^u. One Train from Suspension Bridge for Bi Talo at 4 40, and Niagara lalls ai 5 i*.M. C. VIBBARO, GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT, ALBANY, N. Y Albany, June, 1857. AOVEIlTISKMIiNTS. AD. DARS. JFFALO, D BtutlOUS, Schcnec" ittle Falls tiyracuae iH at Syra^ ,t Kochea- ,t Batavia , 5 25 P.M., , 3 30, and } Utica at ; at 4 P.M., rrivlng at Rocheater M. 4 20 P.M. ; irriving at t 9 50 P.M. ) at 6 A.M., opping at I Road at rea at Buf- on Bridge 12 05 A.M., 319 a m.), at 8 A.M.), igara Falla New York at 12 P.M. ; ihenectady it bchencc- 6 00 P.M. 5 00 " 9 00 A.M. 4 00 P.M. 12 00 M. igara Falls r, N.T CLEVELAND, DAYTOM, A^^D ^ INCINNATi RA.1LIIOA.D LINE. THREE TRAINS DAILY (Sundays excepted) BETWEEN CLEVELAi D AM) dXCINNATI. The Trains of this Line connect— At Cleveland, with the Lake Shore Railroad. " FoRRKST, 0., with the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago IJaih-oad. " Bkllefontainf, 0., with the Bellofontaine and Indiana Railroad. " with tlic Columbus and Piqua Rail- road. " with the Columbus and Springfield Railroad. " with the Indiana Central Railroad. " with the Ohio and Mississippi Rail- road, Covington and Lexington Railroad, and Mail Steamers on the Ohio River. •' Urbana, " Springfield, " Dayton, " Cincinnatj, Thus forming the most reliable and pleasant r.ute to Cincin- nati, St. Louis, Louisville, Indianapolis, Lexington, and all intermediate places. THROUGH TICKETS can bb obtained at all the principal Railroad Offices in New York and New England. ^^^ Call for Tickets by the Cleveknd, Dayton, and Cincin- nati Line. g. S. L'HOMMEDIEU, C. C. DENNIS, Supt. M. R. and L. E. R.R.t Dayton. E. B. PHILLIPS, Supt. C. and T. R.R, Cleveland. ADVERTISEMENTS. CHICAGO AND t^OCK ISLAND AND PEORIA AND BUREAU VALLEY KAILKOADS. ^ ^^ j^^ DIRECT ROUTE FIlOM CHICAGO TO Joliet, La SaUe, Peru, Peoria, Galesburgli, Bur- lington. Bock Island, Davenport, Muscatine, Iowa City, Port Des Moines, Council Blufis, AND ALT. POINTS IN CENTRIL IOWA, NEBRASKA, AND KANSAS. Three Panscnger Trains leave Chicago daily, runmng througli to Iowa City without change of cars, crossing the Mississippi River Kailvoad Bridge at Rock Island, being the only rout^ from Chicago to Iowa without the delay of ferriage at the Mis- sissippi River. Connections are made at Peoria with trains of the P.o;va Oguawka and Burlinglon RaUroa.l, direct for Galesburgh and Burlington, Iowa. ;^r THROUGH TICKETS via this route can be procured at"^ the principal Railroad Offices in the United States and Canadas. General Ticket Jlgent. JOHN F. TRACY, General Superintendent ^ CHICAGO. ADVERTISEMENTS. \ND .EY ., Bur- bine, NSAS. r tlirougli lississjippi Illy rou+,e t the Mis- le Peoria, alesburgli ) procured kates and dent, ICAGO. WEST AxNl) NOimiWEST ROUTE. THE ONLY DIRECT ROUTE FROM CHICAGO OR MILWAUKEE TO NORTHERN IO¥A AND WISCONSIN, miNNESOTA AND UPPER miSSISSIPPI, VIA MILWAUKEE AND MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD, Extending from Milwaukee to Prairie du Chien, Wis., 192 miles, and Chicago, St. Paul and Fond du Lac Railroad, finished to Janesville, Wis.. 91 miles, where the two lines unite. Through Trains for Prairie du Chien and St. Paul, Minn., leave Chicago and Milwaukek morning and evening, connecting with Steamers on the Upper Mississippi at the for- mer place. DJSTANCES FROM MILWAUKEE TO Miles. Whitewater 51 Milton 62 Madison 95 ^lazomanie 118 Arena 124 Lone Rock 189 Muscoda 151 Boscobel 165 Prairie du Chien 192 (Connecting with steamers on the Mississippi River.) SAM'L= K. PL ATT, General Ticket A^ent. Miles. Lansing 282 La Crosse 286 Dacotah 298 Winona 32(3 Fountain City 388 Reed's Landing 886 Lake Pepin 394 Red Wing 480 Hastings 462 St. Paul 494 WM. .tervis. Superintendent, Milwaukee. I ADVERTISEMENTS I m WILLIAM ROGERS, PROPRIETOR, Corner of Bank and St Clair Streets, C L SS V E L A N D , OHIO. j^- Omnibuses run to and from the Railroad Depots and Steamboat Landings. NEVHALL HOUSE Corner of Main and Michigan Streets, MILV/AUKEE, WIS., K E A. N & JR I O E , This new and elegant IIotkl is now open for the reception of guests, wh.re the Travelit.g Public will find good attendance and jvciv di'slrabl.; c^iuCort. ADVERTISEMENTS. eets, Depots and SE ets, E, reception of attendiiuco MISSION HOUSE, MACKINAC, WIS., E. A. FRANKS, Proprietor. This old and favorite Hotel is most delightfully situated on the romantic Island of jNIackinac, within a short distance of the water's edge, and contiguous to the Arched Rock, Sugar Loaf, and other natural curiosities in which this famed Island abounds; being alike celebrated for its pure air, romantic scenery, ajid fishing grounds. iS (Late Huron,) BY A. T. BIRCHARD, ^ The island HOUSE has been recently furnished through- out with New and Fashionable Furniture, and supplied with every facility to make it a First-Class Hotel, and is now open for the Season, for the entertainment of Travelers, Pleasure Parties, Invalids, and others, who desire a comfortable home while seeking Pleasure or Health in the pure atmosphere of .x^.-Livr^ ;--L'X-KnIuA, UUU ill's UCaUbllUX DlJCUCr^' Vl l/UC SUXXwlLUUiJag country. ADVERTISEMENTS. > 1 , I I, M P«Mlt« •5 ^V^^LKER HOUSE, HASBROUCK & PIERCE, PllOPllIKTOllS, COR:VE:it «F FAST ^^ ATKK AND MASON STS., MI1-.WAUKEK. THAYER'S AMERICAN HOTEL, PROPEIETOR, SUMMIT STREET, TOi-EDO, OHIO. ^^ An OiumLus runs toaud irum tiic ii05.%.i »•- vixv .,.- - Depots and Steamboat Landing. i%\ ADVERTISEMENTS. SE5 N STS., )TEL. > NEW ENGLAND PJittiial fife Insurance €0., BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. ESTABLISHED 1843. BRANCH OFFICE IN METEOPOLITAX BANK BUILDING, 110 BEOADV/AY, NEW YORK CITY. CAPITAL and Accumulation PREMIUMS to meet Losses, over ONE MILLION, after paying, among all holding Policies, in Cash (not in Scrip) Dividends amounting to ONE HUNDRED xVND EIGHTY-ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS. The Surplus is divided among all the members IN CASH, thus afiFord- ing a good and certain rate of interest upon tlie outlay of premiums, and avoiding the largo and unnecessary accuiaulations of unpaid dividends of uncertain tendency and erroneously called capital. One half of the first Ave annual premiums on life-policies loaned to in- Burers if desired ; the remaining half may be paid quarterly. The premiums are as low as those of any reliable company. THIS IS THE OLDEST AMERICAN MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- ANCE COMPANY, AND ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL. Insurance m.ay he effected for the benefit of married women, beyond the reach of their husband's creditors. Creditors may insure the life of debtors. Blank form of application for insurance, or the Company's pamphlet, containing the Cliarter, Rules, and Regulations, also the Annual Report* showing tlje condition of the Company, will bo furnisli«d gratis. AVILLARD PHILLIPS, Prewdaut. Charles P. Curtis, Thom;»s A. Dexter, Sewell Tappan, A. W. Thaxter, Jr., B. F. DIRECTORS. Charges Hubbard, Marshall P. Wilder, William B. Reynolds, Geo. H. Folger, STEVENS, Secretary. REFERENCES IN NEW YORK: Rev. 8. H. Tyng, D.D., A. Oakey Hall, District Attorney of New York city, R. Warren Weston (Goodhue & Co.), Wm. W. Stone (Lawrence, Btone & Co.), William G. Lambert (A. & A. Lawrence & Co.>, B. J. How- land, Rev. G. L. Prentiss, Henry L. Pierson, D. Randolph Martin, Presi- dent Ocean Bank, Wm. L. King (Naylor & Co.), Rev. 8. S. Cutting, EUery A Gibbons, Freeman HunU//w"^'« Jil(t(/aziiie), Samuel B. Ruggles, am' Scv. R. B. Storrb, D.D., of iirooklvn. ' JOHN HOPPER, AgcBt and Attorney for the Company, 110 Broadway, New YorV I ADVERTISEMENTS. m B bcS e3 3 ti u.'^ IM o i ci rt =^ (—1 O o a> Ah a o e3 e3 O !^ I— I ar-4 e3 e3 cr O o ^ ' fl ■* H^ O) P< eij ,•" •< e3 ^S c3 O I— ( ■♦J .a Hs o g •^ Ah m o Ph u P eS p '^ a 02 e3 O 2 3 '^-^ 03'^ p d I— I ** Ph'S ^ 03 to ^ 03 F fe 03 ^ > o pS 1-5 o c rt ° 03 I "I el Q £ Of ^ -^ c3 cS 03 & 03 EH o a o CO • I— ( o -•-3 02 03 03 fl a ^ O 33 •*^ tJiC'fl o| a Pd r-3 ,-3 M eS o3 i £-2 ^ P c3 02;^ g PPP^ 03 .Oh »> fcC-rH 1=! P & o ;a P< ^03-53 if V^ •> K» CO d W c3 03 O 03 CO . N 03 +3 03 ^ "^^^ in 03 ^ CO w" 0! T-t 03 -! P 03 Ph a 03 m o ■+-; cH .P . '5 O P,>> 2 o o -♦-3 03 o a c3 03 -M 02 rrJ P c3 03 o r— < c3 PS 03 03 I— ( o O ^ a p ** g'S o ^.a3 ^ P ?: c ® « «<•< 2 r O P« 03 ^ . H O P > 03 § 5 p ^ .2 P^ .^^^-^^ C7 +3 -*-> +S f"! r— I C3 03 13 P ^ P o o 03 03 p^ C3 tT a-^ ^ I?<-3.M _ »-H cc C3 '-' r T £ 'S! O c3 O 02 H t-H H 5 h3 o PS o P 02^^:3 ^ +a 03 P C3 O iJ opq o a < o w S^o^' his s W I' ^ ' < ^^ .gp2K : 1-5 02 1-5 I-* ADVERTISEMENTS. m ■IP. i4 ti o h R < 14 = ?.= = -. ^ >- - a o w 0) u "3 u c = c 53 r- C a u rt C3 (1, 4, *e *j o c 1/ ♦- .« _ 0) ^ !U o - *, O t i > i -Co «- '^ = !* « S i d a, c a ^£ r- tn ^ *" g rt 2 « o _ o fl O JT t,^ c3 O ^ x: o a; bo x, X! >< si S) -^ c >.-x;'° x: « i , i^^ u_ -^ —' L- « - -2 = ¥ r- 6^ -r .ii «j i 'c --J c -r 4/ . _. f* T •- ? ^^ So c d t: c « si; ^ u '^ r> t; ■« ■2^ "^ f C ^ O xn c- I' .^ T dO rf .f, ^ o = d d o .. ^ -. „ d « r^ ■" ^ 4) . 0/ — -c d C d L rt ^ o c 5 ^ - ■^ ^-l 1-1 IB d a O o 3 c3 O I > ,?3 .2 d d 4> , u i -^ S to ^ ;i'^ _ ^ a — — '^ — "^ . _. -c a c D C rt S3 Ci o 0, o , oil a 4.^ c "id _S ' oi -' ri fctrt 53 ADVERTISEMENTS. ® « A 03 CS O <» 5 4) ■gaS •^ "? .H ff^ to 4) is ^ -^ 'S -^ r3 ■ago, « o " I e.2 O) hi) s 2 £ « CjjQ P 4) ^ P o « tn « S H) «5S « *- O ** - - 1^ 5 ^ >, c f -o O STm « P P Old 0> •" oT >i s§ a, o «-§ |3 g* S £ &S3 5 m

«-■ ( a? a Prf3 'ed'2 X! P u« ca •" £^ «c ^ ^ 01 ^P 00 p fa 01 (U ftx) O O P 0) II rj CO ^ OQ tEJT P O '- O P ^ O o> ®^ •a.c ft-z: o 3 ^g o-S O) d o P M C3 a d a (■■ A d Ol P 93 rP Ol d a es X 0) o ■ ILi 3 CO P o« ■♦-» O) Is o> •— ( Ol so o ft P 01 Ol p=l 01 >■ si JP .2 )p u tn O pp « e3 3 I— H > d cs -P in (33 01 C3 O n a p 60 P 'p 'S3 a Ol !L, CO P n (-) 0) "^ a *^ C'2 «'-' a .S-o S 3£.So 3 0) ® 3 P ja >^>- .5 o t, fl* O O .'Ol .£ >p 5 ftp 2. XI « •« d i^-a -Ol o "- •*: f- 7* P l>3 c'S S; ** —I '<*- p2® a S 0* oc" « C S «^ &;2 ft- -Sao ^ CO ^ - r a 0"« <1).3 - a> » X) p5-- ej TO S B CO S ,-, 3 3"" •- " ga o H o o O 03 o CO o l-H « O .S3 H O O PI Ch o 'A o m I DISTUMELL, PUBLISHER AKD DEALEB IN STATISTICAL WORKS, ETC. No. 16 BEEKMAN ST., NEW YORK.' TRADK riST OF MAPS, GUIDE-BOOKS, Etc. TOWNSHIP MAP OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK; showing aU the Canals, R.iilroadg, etc. Price, pocket form, 50 cents. __.,,, COUNTY MAPS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. Revised edi- Mip*oi"?M?r'(?IT^''orNE^^ VICINITY Price, eI?LR0aS"'mAP°0P THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. Jj<^«'0^-%«{/^''™^J\iSS^tTATE3 AND CANADA. Small slxe. MAp'orTHE'NO'RT^^^^^^ AND EASTERN STATES, AND CAN- ADA. Price, pocket form, 87i cents. or „♦. MAP OF THE HUDSON RIVER, with Guide. Pnce, pocket form, 25 eta, MAP OF THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO. Price, pocket form, f 1 25 : map" OF^'cIlIFORNIA, OREGON. NEW MEXICO, ETC. Price, K{lfwAY'AND''8TEAMSHIP GUIDE FOR 185T, with Map of tht United States and Canada. Price 25 cents. „^.„^„ * „•**. 8PRING8, WATERFALLS, SEA-BATHING RESORTS, etc., with Maps and Illustrations. Price 50 cents. ^^^„^_ .^ir^^mk . t«, A TRIP THROUGH THE LAKES OF NORTH AMERICA; Em bracing a Description of the St. Lawrence Rivbb, etc., together wur the Principal Places on its Banks, from its Source to its Mouth. WilO 14 Maps and lUuattations. Price $1 50. Smith's Hand-Book and Maps for Travelers and Emigrants, ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK FOR TRAVELERS THROUGH THB UNITED STATES. Giving a Description of every State, Kaiiroaa Route, etc. By J. Calvin Smith. Price, with C<^lored Map, »1. SMITH'S NEW MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. Engraved on BteeL MAP WNEW ENGL and; new YORK, AND CANADA. Enjp-ared on Steel, and highly Embellished. Price, pocket form, 75 ccnta. t?*' i M • iVit SLL, iR 5ook , ETC. !I ST., , Etc. owing all riaed edi- . Price, AN ADA. tnall sixe. 5TD CAN- rm, 25 cts, rm, tl 25 : 3. Price, [ap of th* etc., with OA; Em ether with ith. Witb ligrants. rOH THB , Bailroad 1. don BteeL Enjfrared ta. I