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SPEECH OF JOSEPH Hum Esq., MP., or: THE MdTtON OP THE .MAilQUESS OP CHAD^D^, IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, On WxDNSii>Av, Arsattf, 1836. • Extracted from the '*Miriioa 0/ PARLtAVKifT.*' ■ .'•jS.''-*<< 05 61 LONDON: Krlttttdltortlie riiopm«ri» or **thb uibror or PAifttiAiRNT/V 1886. It i ^i'r ^ - .*ii«A«?-««v*Sj^1^W«i!^'^**^'^'^***HW^ iV**. j"*-. • V \ (n) BIBUOTHEQUE I .n. < ^ \ J /T :^i ^i 8 ■?(> Wi.L'ABBE VERREAU if /.AT 1/0:1 J J'lLTMJI JVb Classe Divisiojb Serie , • • . •• • • • • • ••••• •• • •••• • !■' r •••V .0181 .\S .TiJi«zA yi«i\r>»M».A ;VIOtTVIOJ if?I lot Jjjt tll^' 'VPKaKAT;TKA«I lO WOJfJHM iTM'I " ^O CnTaiHTOR-i , iiaTf'K? (iTTas ?/ ,T.r.v.MTa.KC|JTrjwniA (K msn it;: I):)-.vo'"i-: ':•'? o* v;-i' . ,-'^(.-;i'f •'■> ■ ''i'/; ;!')'|;'(.' oif/; ')itO(lt ^I'lH i;l •'.,1,'' i' j'o-r; , ,;:i').':'l ..fl) :■ :o.i ioiumID '[. .: ;.. .Itfi'iJi'I !il';0»^ <;•'[ fnoil 'lOUU. ijfu; f.'jioflK 'f(*-t'>mf;nfr i.o ■!;:■ ' , "' •■■ . .! r. .noitufir ruii huhnq i>i!: r'i .rr:- :;■; , •■ ■, ,,:, i ' •, ;:;;!'.' i;j (!m;'; ' 'i!,i',/ ;ii[ rjd dueMih^uid httv^ d«r6tre4^^is JitioHiM' Uhtil tH^^SkHMIt Obllttttin««. ttow 'Mt listHie diitlAis \iflm I«fld(ed(inter^dt hskve Meh thtil pidmiiled» who h&ve <^ the Hdii^^, 1 fhill' M^ d«B,vO(ir, beforti I i\% down, to ^toVi^ f otM Hdu^i' thdt yH£ agridUituval Intti^esfs haveiiti^JiM okifn to b^^ r^lM'^f moHa tli*n tbe othet' IttteriBS^i'lff th* dotuWry. ' " •• ' '/ 1?hd N«>ble ]^rh«> difusi, .hdt tM^yLf d^ktidlbr ^ other classes of the cobirtilt^ify : biit ;*he. No!)te "^OT (Dftitin^Olij >^h^>< sftott^ *^»t i^'n^t ^'^ela^hiiNeW'He ssfy^i:^ «hiA «h^^ ai« ft'ir^^ Vi^tsi: iYi V^jt^lf 'i«U«f bf ilft «lt4$i^-i^ tiOtt^ i»f ^e '^dii^Wfloyi ' ' As^ «ii^ = *«(a^Wi«fl'bf ifftpetti¥teflft^ i»4slt aff«ct all itlteipd^sl oTtM-dMiMfjl' ^i% t &H^Mii«i^ att«t" WJik§''Soifi6i' i%hia!#kW theMOh^; ai^d ffile ' With f^fej^etsf to! Wfi«tf^ttetiitkM',l^Ki^n'^t[^19^%ii6^ t^a« tb kg^ibtilttirists at<«' Wot 0%'iabt f it^Sd b^^ofra'^ chM^ 1ft th«> 'ootiiiti^. but' \km iiv^ d»^ y r ulBiyift<*H^{^ pyu^ttOii Of i^ but-dt^ibk of t)te Stiite'. TKfd'FMIH^i^ has, indeed, proposed, onennte^Al^lheif«a^t«^ ntelf barley foHh^bWii'tt^ fl^'difddty^kTirC^^^ A 2 Msigned for that demand is, that the barley is grown by the farmers; but, by the same rule, the manufacturer of every article, subjected to excise duty, should be allowed to use enough of it for his own consumption, free of duty ; and those who import wine or brandy, ought to be allowed all they j!y Q^her^ .^i&ons to i^DJpy , the same. rif h't W|i^h:thepro4«9ejpf th^ifjkcjpur ^nd capital. The £ng" Iiflii ^far|tn^;> .^ells n^ cpri) oaihe manufacturer at the high- est price, apdhuy^ ex^v>*Mia.nvifa9tured article at the ^yifes^ ra^,; bpt, |;^sk:i are'll^e manufacturers allowed to go tp i^he fsheap^st marke\\*fo buy their food ? Noij they are oblige^, by the ntianppelyjproduc.ed by the cornrlaws, IP^ oy the impoi;tja,tion (if Mtttlei being prohibitedi to pay ni^^Iy tyrice as n^v^oh for J^jij^^^^lit-Qorn and. tneat«!9 they would have to.pay>, we^e '(^'(( and cattle freely admitted frqm .pth^rcountr^ef^^ ;,t 4in^fpre ^k, the Honoiuable Mej|9per ^netl^er .thj^t, ^s dealing put equal>ii|stice; of whe- tlbier, witj^ .t|)P^ei^4yf^ntag^fi^^k|:'ba9itop behalf of the agri-, QiMturisits,,p;ny right, to com^^ iV ,,5The,|fp)^lft^)Li9rd,ha,yj,ng, aU^^ed to agricultural <«SQ- c|ift|p^«, ji^n^itpith^lr v; r,uinpi;is jtheir plans would be ,to them- Mlvps,:iand to.Ahe,«)pmifliupity.ait large, if they could b«; fliarr^d iptp ..epect,. T\\fi}r statements, are exaggf^rated, i|\\4^their. expe^t^tipns, quite pr^ppsierou^. I.fetaye/.in. my hu}4 pi i^pprtqf jtl)fl'proc,eediog^;of the East Suffolk A gri- cji^tipr^l ^s«pciftt!p«i^t^ a, public meeting held, at the iCftRtle; of Framlmkjjafp i?» NoiKfiipber, lwti(|in4 I now see theHor uw^l*^*iM^l^j>iBrlC<>r-lhe cp^nty, (Sjr B^oke Vere) who was presentii ."(appjjj^fs tJ^at; theobjeet of that mefitinufwus^ tpjt^^e th^ jBrs^^.^tep fo,i?;8e»nding delegfttesttojoin-th^ger, i^jral Agr^Itvirfil MpjoQ of aU. the,, agricultural: as^ooiarr tiQi^^ji^'MPjIoiKK ;[Ijt;waf-state4r-.:' •■ j. ..-:.-;. -oi.} ,i,; ---'.im .. r.-t i!Fh«t tiie)iigrietdti:]ri8tk'have^petitiiained Pjirlt«meatni6 often, ■ ^9{ihadreiQ$iy04,|pJ)ttl9AtiteAtionith«litl>?ii! begun tp entectnm Mfft one. h(i\wfr-^\\&t p?fj^oning ajjai^e ;Wppl4 npt dp. ;►,.., «, "^l^; t InJolv last, at « meeting of, tl^at .Asaociation, a petition yi^n. agreed to, andallesolution passqd, that the members ahovld,. be, instructed to move that thq Supjfilles themselves shotHd b^ stopped, until'hisMi^esty'sMinibtershadtalccn some steps tbyeliiefv^' the* agriculturists. ' . . If such language had been used, or such opirtion'i had been expressed, at any meeting of Reformers, what wouSd have been said by the landed gentlemen ? The Reforffl'ets would have been told that they ivere threatening the House of Commons, arid interfering with the proceralng* of the Government, Yet such were the demands of that Association at a time when successive Adminlst^tiOns had relieved th^ agricultural interest from almost eveiy tax that eould be pointed out ffs btearingdiveetly on lattd; and when the agriculturrstst Wer^ in reality trayiilg ttittth' less in taxes to the State th>»D,^^e other elatsseii of th«' community. The secretary teethe Central Associatioti id London, declared to the meeting that— ■'■■'■' In his oi^inidn it was neither t^jr^cKtensidh of the currency Hb^' the repef 1 of 'the malt.tax, nor thiei icOnsoHdtitlontif public rates, nov the commutation of tithes, fift the diminution or poor^ratju,. nor the introduction of poor-lawf'i'oto Ireland, nor the breaking up of the meat-trade monopoly * wViich would alone relieve the farmer. .... They must effedt a change in the present system of acquiring an^ accumulating wealth,'— a system abounding in fraiid and productive of the greatest CHils ; and that the productive clksses must be compensated for the capital which the cur^^ncy theasure of 1819 had been the M^irs of unjustly abstracting from them. . . . . . But (he added) that they would no longer cons^h^ to increase the spoils of the gambler on the 3tock Exchange,; theV would ho longer uphold that (tystcm which, for the last twenty years, had preyed upon the vbry ititats of the productive clas8es| and which cidf made the industi'v of the country the means of Impoverishing itself, while it fsriches the speculator i^td.thQ capitalist., -, .,;ir , Tl^s attack upon, capitalist^ would be altogether uriw^^r^r rant^id in any assembly, but most particulair- w|i,S; it imf^r siji^abl^ at ^meeting of landed gentlemen, v/^o nave,nQ often complained of similar language being use 1 in otaiwr places. 1 h^v? always,, both within and without th^ese walls^ r&ised; my; voice i^gainst such.pernlcipiis, n^nd error neous opinioDs : I say erroneous for, it.. is evuk>nt»: that to Hs capitaJ, England owieuimnoh of its pMSUnt prosperity. Why Jtrfe* Spiiiri and Italy sd* poor; With' an lali.tfhtl«ht 1 France npvv.ria>ng in, t^*© sieale , cunvaMlng capital;— by beiiomUk^ a manufiaoturing olnd commercial country ? Therefore, we ought to be th^^re indignant at hearing this charge made at a^i^^lt^l'^^m- m; of liahlTb^ttSi's ijWinfet ' so tisfefiil il'rid WittditiSr* jMit of ffM eortimttnitjr, m ifit were a erime fbr tt)^n' tb i)((t0titiiuU|ijt() fbHurtes by honest and honoiira^e m^anff t. aib; inillgnaiat at i««ing thuy held up to tht |m«|>U« thai class to whose industry, enterprise, and abiliti^n we iMifily owa th« high rank which England now holdn amKomg ilia nation of Europe^ It is alleged by th« laodowneti, that " agriqultural prosperity i» the foun- dfttion^f Datioaal prcMperity." I rc|}oice in affrioultural prpeperity when it, is not produced at the expense of the other ^latiea of the community ; but I must add. that land in, England would be of little more value than land -in Poland or Prussia, were it not for the capital and indusitry 9II leur merohants and manufaoturers^ Nay ,^ more, I roain-^ Wm th«A England miglit ej^ist and prosper, an 1 a , pui^ely. laAnqfitcturing and comfta^^ial oounfry, if it did not grow! a'lifirle.buahM of corn 1'. iff in exchange fo» its manufaot tures'and minerals it itti{ior):«d from the.' cheap. cpcn^prQ4 4^piiigrCpunti:it^,eyery qpiarfSsr qf wheat irciqVDred m the country. Have I not, tll4ii* reason to call the opi^iions^ expressed by this gentleiAai\f M once pernloioui> and e):ro< neOuM? But he goes stlUiVdcther, and says— ' | ; The war to which he autnmopfiilthein was a war from whic.h, np ^Ora man need shrink— it wan a wajr against injualice^.pov^^y. ana idleness— it wi^s a war agji^st that system which^ dlvia,e4 Eijkland in^o two extremes of TMUrious wealth and fearful want •f-it yrM a war for the biees of t|»ti •nive against tho%e wl^o robbed ' i ^ttnelr hoiJey— it .was ^i,,war, though bloocUess,, that was to t have giTen these extracts to'pcoire to the Housii the ex'i tfilrilgant andtidictil6u9llatrgtia^e>drtheiie UriiOhiiitS', totlt the language of another speaker exceeded ^n a6stiv4)^y atfyfhlhg tHa£ h*d eiet yet ii<^U(id frohi any'publie nireeting Wltlhini^tecdletitioh;!aiid Isiibimlt it, at Oneef, iti ptpoF i6f tfle dnt^iitonafole brooe«ding9 of th^ MbiiK ui^ttf. '?hi« Ittineteattsaid.— ', ly^-'i'it--^-^ "■-''■ ^ "ttWa* siiifceptlble of fcleiu'' pirob^i flftd'he 'wii'Wiwstatln^.tjdit nfiereiy his o'(^i[opB{6h, b6t the opinion 6f iM CatiibfidgesMif^ AfesOeiMioM^ at! fticotiM in a imer to their ihaitmati/lhaC there iMincmlWJOOOiGOO^. less of circvlation than.thc^e ,^ain;1818, bMik)efa,>lUd b^edMiagfhe MO'^eve}^ at tWni-thiNs of It^f^eilent Vitac^sb ikhat me omce of gold should make>] ■^i:'siii:il In fff/,.r^);i' jdirttW-f,r „ . fefWWWH*^? tradlM, androanufjactijr^giaterjstfc Bw«t • receive protection from foreign competition by the imposition 30 '-^ igoot*l pr«ni4Bou» numerous mtmbcra of th«Cainbri4geihireBoc(etx« ! Mtermmed th4t ttieir opinion ihontd reitch tM qf4alUM< opiii^Ion I and thiVT #ere Ligtolaliro. ' Ihtftf'M^iubmitted lit th«n dtortred by fhte St ^ r^ r- i^ethth-tl^ey '^ver' heard o^ sd miicn nioinseniiq b^iti^' sito'ketl l^t tlfy inefittrtg of. labourers aridy^tizahk, as i«. rtboKedtohiive be^h nttertd^at tl>is EMt d\iff6)k Ay^O- dlfitton of liihd«d gentleht^n'. Speak of the t^asti circu- la^d itt t1i« b^hi^y tm^ttj^^d ! } ihoiitd be anhartied to w^et'httiiijmepf any (t^iian affixecl to such ^Servatidn*. Btit I leavi tlie memDen of tl^e AsiibdratiQn now pri^seht' lubmitted thenlibpinionii to t^ieXe^islatiii^. by fhiB Bweik^t^. I appeal to the Hbij^^ that, agricyiltural distttrljrji^hrch'the Nbble LoM^ t^aVd ^mUM,, n, I mffmffft .in, ^ly ^ufprmatipn. there oiight' hot to be more distress in that than in any other interest. A3 reg^rd^ htxiUfop, I repfok.that ^b» agrjoMltuntts ^ve ^^^. WP^P»%"y mvw':*4 and eD^mpt;ed frofli many taxech Mfi^iSlj IMl fttlwjr, clashes pf the; oommmiUy pay ;; ;an4 thai they, dp pqt p/iy any one, tax from yvbiehouieiilslaMoa ar#i exempted. ,,.Thf ]|^obli^ J^arquess c^fers to< the /«vifltno&; mm» jtH? Cop^itte^, now sitting to inquire into a^ri«iil->. tpr^ldis^i^, X h*^® J**'' *l3*^ portion JoC tJk^eeyidenljei iifhich ]^^ bfep; pr^nJwi, j^pd $wl no prfl9f»,flC, c^»twi»iaV. .J^^,reg^,t^. :^h<( inorcAiiaof currencgr Yfmfih. tb0 Nt>bW tor4 (JJjiWjpfftoh) cqjwid?r^ ;tQ bie p^e m^%n4 of reUef^ifi ^99H^^^y the jiiitid^npey jtl^ .faroMtrfi h9ry9 : DO 4iwnUiy[ i/^ .gp^ting.wlif^t pnqnpy tjij^y ^eq^ire,?if;tb^y hay# goodi secjunty ,to, giy^i jCMHir I' ai^ pre tbist, House ^tould not! de^reJh^ Hfppcgr shioul4 be l^pt <)n ; bad s«Qwrity, Mr* Ev.an.pAYid w9i9.e«||cedT^;i; , .•.;,■ ;,:i ',■;:;. .■•;'i;.ii. i ';Q9lilta farin]W«tn^Wnneae»Ye..i4aciMPin^ MicasilyiM thej^ HWlV> lip'— JM<^yiiWf;8«)t », lUtlfi .fpor«i jicc^fli^p^ttipp, in oqw;; •I'j't'Ki ^^cajiVji^cjipw.?: Collie Maiiquess.; for I>isi aat^fi^^tfon. tJ)all^«r9LW(P99iiAmoiwyJNt present in the leountjeyi than<^ there was in the daya of jncohyertible paper; and that:: thtre is, now, no want of citrranoj^, nor hM tfcer« b#en any for the lust ten or twelve y«»tni It if not possible to' atoertftin the amount of eireuMing tedium in the couh- trv to a otrtainty ; but I shall hereafter submit to the House the most ooriect account I have been able to pro- cure of the metallic ai^ji paper currency iaEnglanciand Wales, on the average of the aix yeari iai4 tp 16i8f,ai^ of the six years 1829 to 1834. Tf, there(bre, distress axist among the agriculturists, it must arise from other causes than want of curreno^w Nothing indeed can bfs lafiora s^nialcM and indefinite. than, the clamour avainst tha qhange made jLn theeurrenoy in.l819; and the cpmplaints of want of money hs the cause of low pricei^ ,sino«; that period ; and particularly in 1834 and 1 835. I|n tt]|is yag^a wa)r the president, of the Cambridge shiraAgricuIturiil Society stated to the Committee, that he though^ the contraction of the currency tq be one cause of t)ie fal|,of agripullural produce. Hewaaaskefl" , , ,. . • 1:1 Why he tnouf ht so T— " I csn ooly |t«te, Lo if general wav.thitl have obiervedi thait when there hM be^rt a contraction of Vhi eur- ren6y; price* have fallen, and when there hai be^n an' expantlidrt. they have generally risen." But, let us look faiily at the object of the Noble Mai^ guess's motion,^" in reduction of taxation,"— and inquire whether the a/i^rioolturists are in a condition to demah^ reduction of taxation in preference to other classes. I shall prove that they are not entitled to be iipecially re- lieved. The House and the public have been somewhat led away in' I'espect to the claims of (he agriculturists, generally, without due cOVisideration of whom that claisK consists. My ^onourable and Learned Friend the Mem^ ber for Bath, tNnwe days ago, stated, very properl^^ to. the House, that there were three classes of persbhs compre > bended under the term agriculturists; and that we could riot come to any utM cphclUsion On the telaimji set forth on their behalf witlwut Oonsidering' their character and iitUr ation separately. It comprehends the landowners* thie farmers, and the labourers. With refipect to the latt^V d1as»,' I woukl aekany Member of the present Agricultural Ooih- mittee whether the evidence befbi^ theyni dtJ^s not ihe# that the condition of the a^ricplterill^lj^wVfi*. 1^^^ better at this time than it has been for nifany yeais pMt-vr perhaps better than it ever was? T:iiVe" conaitTdn-bf tiM Ut)otirtr18^a(tVer seh«f^I/:c^li«ider the ddhd'rt ion er ^e'.lWMMtrerit'preseWti^vMA' ttte:ba8.'plenty.afeniplo>ment,i»Tery|^odi.' ' vi' ' /.r'.» »,'* •l Are kh«r« nuiny hutiourcri out of employ momt r— -Nut a gr^tk Another wit nesi, J. Smallpiece. Esq.*— : ; < , Th«n tbf condition of the labourer ha> hnproved rather tbtii notTr-I think the labourer never wa» better oflT, Mr^ T. Bowyer *' contidered the condition of the labour- ei't in » much better »tnte than Ibrmerly." Mr. Evan David stated* " that the condition of the Ubourers in Glamori^an- lihire «i»a» comparatively better than that of thfii Ijftrmeni-r* that they were very well oif." ,. itrw,>jlr!iiY*i. Mr. Jacob, another witness : — ' '' Ynu itate ^hat the laboiircf », generally speaking, enjoy more Hf the luxuries of life than they did forty or Hfty yeart ago f •— Yes. .You believe, upon the whole, there has been an improvement in agrioulture-ond in oultivation in th|« cv»ui)i'i'y?-rXeB. NolihinK: can be more oonolusiv« against the Noble Marquew. as to the state of the agricultural labourer, than this evidence given before his own Conunittee. If, indeed, we ooniider Qie money-amount of his wages, and the relative prices of evcrj^ article of necessity and comfort now, alia at former periods, it must be evident that the situation of the labourer is much better at present. When wUeut was \2Qs. to 140«.thequarter, the wages of an a^ri- Oultural labourer was 15«. or 16«. per week ; and now that wheat is at 56«. to 60«.» hd reovives from 9a. to I2«. In the former period he could scarcely buy a bushel of wheat with his week's Avages, now he cah buy one-and*a- ^^^^''^^^S^ ^^^ subjects deserve the attentiori 6^ the House more. It may be generally taken that thi:fourth of his wages^ which adds niate- i^ially to his comfort. The money- wage^ of labour never doohne in the same proportion * as the prices of articles; and! low i^rices of fodd and other necessaries are alwayjr advantageous to the working clalsses. We have oftefn heard in this House that high prices were wanted for the sake of the agricultural and other labourers ; but nothing can be more erroneous, as the situation of all the workings classes is much worse by ever3r advance, and alw'ays im- proved by every fall, in the pHce of food and necessaries/ I believe the Poor Law Amendment Act now in op^pation in one-half of England will have a Very beneficial eifeot xkk the future sitnationof both labourers atid formers. As re- gards, therefore, the most important portion of the agri^ oulturists,— fthe labouring dvoses,— there is no ground fbir the Noble Marquess's motion. It is acknowledged that, at no prior period, has the land been so much improved as it is at present by the application of capital and of industry ; that by drainage, alone, the productive powers of the land have been increased to a ^reat extent ; and in the imple- ments of hinbandry and in their application, much im- pi'ovement has generally taken place. It may be quite correjct that partial distress exists amongst farmers, some from waJtt of capital, othei^ flrom breaking up poor lands' .^ -u ..^A. ^* Statement of the wag^s of wort^mien in the cotton m&ntifac* tories at Bottbn ^^ ' M: : -i;.: ■■ u.'- ^-..: ; ,- • ••'Inlaw, v per week. <'.f:;!Spii«alew,.Utd»88 .-(li.oca •.; -.vj^i^^ q , /Ditto, 2od:and ,3rd ditto ''dm: .. ..•80 ^,.,, Power-ip^mweaverff ., p«;^ffo; • ./ l'^^^^ '"• Carde«il8»«la8B' ' ^''f' f^yciui^'-rr-'' 40' o* bn.' Ditto; jtnd'ditto .■ ■<-:;''>'{ -urA fi-tn vrM-'S' ;., Rulers,,' • *, , ..>■■,..'.'* 15 ,,^t(p/of wf^gef^ 9fi,id .jijt ;pcffii^w^c> Hospital on the avierage ctf <^ii; Bric)dayer>i pertlay O«io : 5; 1. 4 9 riM ~, . .MaBons, ditto .' . , ^ <* ,S 4 *•,»..-, Inl88S. per week. i- '*•' 35 88 2 30 6 12 q Inim 30 0' 17 9-7 12 I up f <« 1 Carpenters, ditto i 5 3 5 6 4 .;.;il of is t. if 11 itii cultivating thcflr cdfd dayey soils ImpMperly in wheat. Some may pay veiy heavy rdnts, and others may, by bad fn^na^ment, use twice the number of horses tieoessary ibr their rarms ; but there ik no claim, on these ^routlds, for ex- clusive relief from taxation. The farmers examined b^ore the Comihittee vrtnfe linable to point out any direct public tax which pi^i$s^ upon them, except ll. 8». 9d. for a riding horse, atld the wind<>w-duty, which, including the duty on servarits on a farm of 800 aCres, did not amount to mote than ibZ. pr i2i[. a-year: the county-rate was also consi- dered very trifling. Mr. John Kemp is asked — f ' With regard to the Asbesisd taxes, \nould it be any relief toydii if the rsmainder at thas^were taken off horses And pif windows ? rf'Ye* I it ^yout the malt-tax) Which pr^ifseis iijnmb- d'erateiy upon the farmer ?—N6, except the assessed taxes. I pay ifdr my rlding-hofse 1/, 8s. W., and for toy' groc^m li. No tax but the window -tax presses on the farmer, and I ijvy for that 4^. a«year. Thfere is a county-rate, the, removal .^f whiqh would afiiount to Bo^nething, but not a great deal. ^ , . < U thi^re any other ,ta?^, that presides on tjie farnierT'^No direct tax that I know of. . ': . ',, '■'; ■ -; ;^^' '• . -"y:" ■'''^; r. Henry Morfeton was asked:— ' . ^h'ftt do you pay for your assessed tatei?— ^ irt'er^ iibthln^ ; bur direct taxes' are veVy small. I do not pay on all iihe land I hold above 10/. • ■ ' ' "•■'-' - ''■' '''' ■ ' 'm l^e stated to the Committei^ tiiit h>sfarfti consisted of 2006 acres; so that the a^siessed' fkxes hfe pays attknirtt only to a ' fradtion more thati otie pehny per 'acre. M^e mdy, tljdrfelTqre, dismiss the Noble Marquess's mbtfort oh the plea of general as yeU'a^' ill be so likewise,-^ if the i^rice of agricultural ii '12 produce i-Ues, th^ Undowners ^wiU t«'He cfire to raise their Tents ou the renewal of every leaset ^nd if prices fall they are obliged to Ipwel: them accordingly ; so that high pricey and profits will, in a period of years, benefit only tl^e capitalist and landlord, whilst they injure the great mass Qf the community. Yet, unpler the false idea that their own condition would be improved by high prices, farmers in general have joined with their landlords in supporting the corn-laws and high prices, though, as I h^ye. already shewn, it is their true interest, as much as that of other manufacturers, that food and necessaries should be cheap. The only permanent means, therefore, in my opinion, of improving their condition is the reduction of taxation of every kind, whether imposed by the State, by the county, or by the parish; and their effbift;s should therefore b6 made, in conjimctiQn with all other classes, to enforce re- ductions in every department to the lowest scale on which 'the government, general and local, can bp earned on in peace and s.ecwijty. The farmer, has an equal advantage in the low price of food, clothing, and general neces- saries with every other manufacturer who, as experience shews, profits by reduced prices of food, in carrying on his business, with less capital, and in ensuring at the same time a more adequate return than when prices are' high. I regret, therefore, to see farmers encouraged to entertain delusi e hopes of high prices, which can only be maintained by the restriction of that commercial iintercourse between England and other nations, which tends greatly to secure permanent national prosperity. Corn-laws are the means employed for keeping up high rprices — they limit the commerce of the country — diminish the industry of both manufacturing and corn-growing countries ; and, at the same time, keep the labourers and farmers in poverty. In proof of this 1 might state that, according to the evidence before the Cpn^mittee, though the price of wheat has been low, every other agricultural ;produce has borne a fair price; and yet it is at the same time alleged that the larmers have been generally distressed. JH ay iug thus spoken of tlie farmers tvnd labourers, let us look. at the condition oi! the IaT^dQwne\'S' ^Tj^oble tords ; say they do .not possess ^ monopoly ; but ,1 will prove that ftheyhayejji^d.almost a close monopoly of all articles the prpUuce of the land— a tax to the extent of many miUipns • yeiarly raised on the rest of the community, since 1815. As, I have already stated, there is scarcely a tax bearing jOn them or u|>on the land which has not been repealed by ijtheir influence in this House— so much so, that when, in ir y 'i 18 thei)r {«nt itiveRtigation, i;omc of the witnesses mrere kakc iTot Jiiode of relief th^y would.-'prdpose, or what taxeii I'aey could point out as. bearini^ on the land, after much hciiiitution^ and dottbt, one or tU'o trifling ass^essedi tffxe8>4-itiVe county^rates and highwajr-rates, fiscrv^rerQ the only. t son to regret the part I tooki J have taken the trotiblei to ascertain, and am enabled to. state what has already been the effect on the landed interest. A reduction has been effected in the amount of the poor-rates^ in those parishes which havje come under the Act, of 40 pdr cent; of- thewhole rate— and nearly' one-half of England has been flrlready formed into, unions. The relief to the teniantryi- in some parts, of the country,, has been such that the land- owners have declared they will not allow, to the farmers, in future, the reduction of 10 or 1^ percent, whtohyfor some years pastt they hftd.'niadein their rent.:. ^ .if, offir A Noble Duke (Kutld^ndX in another place, has suxl^ That for his own part ho had not such 8anguine.espectati(VtiS'fltfM' X\k^ result of the laboar&of. the: Cdmtnitlie^sinow sitting ih th^ tw6^^ Hpusesof'^arttame^^ Hefelt hitnseU warran^d.in predict,Mp^. tfiat the most sure ana efficacious relief' of. agripu|tm'aldisfjre8|» would be derived irdin the PoorLaw'Act; ahd he'cdUld &tatfe t)ie' facts updti testimony which could not be doubted; that the retftrc- tidn of the pobrivates in those parts' of the kingdbm, •whith" httVei bi^eo; already lii-pught under the operation'of the A.ci:i antpuntsto^ no less a, sum than 1,500,^00/. per annum; .If thi^ saving, wece ejifjscted by the sacrifioc and at the expense and coipof^irt of t^qse, whom we must always consider as;deservirig pur most te.hder care and considerate atti^ntion,-;-he meant the lHbrtuTihg''.ifidpttiipet' classes-^he was sure that he should not, and he Wbi> (::\invihced thetf' notoiie of their Lordships would, countenance theoontihuahoe of tbe measure for Ano;tber day. But he wm ,ceeta}ji :th;at; ^o suql^f re8ul(:of the Act wou)(i take place. !,, i; .; a;-; o.^ru-.d il.Oil-' The Poor Law Amendment Act will ^Iso be a* gv^^t' benefit to the;^Quntry at larg9» iifiasmuch as there wU) be a,9ioral population depending vn iridu8tiy„Trtvn- stead of a demoralized population depending upon the. parish^for support. The labouiiers themselves are, also in a better 9ondition, being at liberty to seek employrqenjt.. 14 wherever it can be t>iiocured, insteaid of beitt^^ at , thcfy we#e by the old system, confined to one pak-i^ or/isortfiiiiMi in one poorhduse, toduoirtg' a ijystem qf debasement and idleness; and inevitably causinii; thosie mischievous Jhitbits wad propensities which every Honourable. Membedrknowtf to be consequent upipn a number of idle persons .cotiginen gating togetner. I was much Ratified at iindiiig4 by. thei Retiim of criminal prosec'utions in thiel last ycaxviatitiy laid on the Table oC the House^^^ thiat thejrvanKrantcd toi 71& feweh than in .the' previous year^ which may be.ewiiifCii partly to thef operation of that Poor Law Ameddmient Aet] and partly to the improved situation of the industry; of the; country. •; v.n.i- .■ .^> I The House is alfito at thi^ time engaged with the Tithe Commutation Bill^ which, 'if passed inta a law on fair conditions, must be highly beneficial to the landio^nei^ to the farmers, and to the cburitry generally. All ihese! prooeedingft ou^ht to exempt the Legislatuve and thi^ Ministers from any charge of neglecting the Agricultural^ interests ofthe country ; and I must express my asitonishU inent that iNoble Lords should make that charge ivlthisf faceof all the evidence on! the Table of the Houses ti>' ther contrary. I evidently surprised some Members in statin^^: on a former occasion, that numerous, wealthy, and power<-i ful oommunittes mi^ht exist without landowners; but that landowners would be poor and helpless \irithoat manu^a^> tures and commerce. I vq;)eat, that this ibuVitvy could bea)^ all the pressure of itsienorbKms'de)^ ahd tfltxatioti.e^n^- ratively. easily, if the landowners had as fair a share ot the bdirdens to bear' as their ^fiellbw-subjei^ts hav^i and^ mtm kdi if the trtmfateHi viUM novir lipilt aftd^ ^^rJ§de''6ttP i fil>5l0^l7 L^ BevAAue of the United Kiugd6kn ill paper .money. ' ■■ ■■■■■■ In gold at 4<<5i. lOd. per Of. or ISi. i%d, pef f^vak Note. «0.6^,019 Wheat qiluli^tir, i^ii Wil t^MAtiMl'^r- ,,;i,Pepdi. , ,p iififri»*(iflit' t I^ Ojfld.1 btUK-i ,6f,06l,754t WIO 88<6«3.94« 55 5 >S.^7?,iS«5 60 8 47^4.975 64 1* iS. i. d. S 12 7 I 19 li (iv-46 4'88>i 1 1'.; rj ThtM^ by comparing the periodri^ there wis a— '(( ' Dtecteiiselttthe Iiitlle"'" - ~ T«^«itlpi*|p i •' '»j'ii*^I 'hii '»>^i»iivtA o**j !«<'■'-. i BtBcteAise itt the Between th« perM^*^ t, .. 1$^().,24 aivdl8l4.l9 ,V ♦ '♦^4'47R«r.C(Bnt. 20-48 pevcpht^ \IP2»t34 aAdl82S>.38 ::w > . id'42 ^iji 24k4B - ii'; j;t ~>f:ri:;- . r.i: j ':■:',::-] frr^hri;: lio;! M ; .rTTTTrr>.( -ifMilC , ,!,;ft29^.an41?l4.10,-,;[,^ r:^-8^:f;i;X»1.ii:. ^>:#^.I..M^t -yf ' F^tti thli; tftfttMM^t fiinoe^ihat period the ^H<^ Of corn ha» risen, v^hflstf the ^^rice of aljnost every Eiritish manufat^tiired afirticlelMtti ftkilen-^^vitig t^ the agri^ithAirists an additional- advtiAitsi^ of neadt 60 per vient. in the purchase bf all their dothifngi-^d; and k is satisfactory to know that thftt^ risddotion in the pri^e of manufactured has taken place, by^ tlie lessened oodt of procluctioii; and ' without loi^s to the^' ihttnufaiohl^eri Th^agricuIturifitS', by this chang^^ ieail, ae!tiaJ)J« Qountry ^ejitleinen to .] ive in Iwxwty. —which is surely qqnti^ary to justice and to the principle laid down by the Noble Marquess, the Member for Buck- inghamshire, who deriii'tids relief to the agriculturists from, taxation only on an equality with the "test of th^l^edpl'^i' If tliie landed aristocracy cantiot fexist Wimbiit the corn monopoly, then let them fall, Why shpuld^^qcQimtry gen- tlemen take the earn^gscftheartisant or any other people's money tqimpport their rank and station ? If that doctrine be tenable, the aristocrac?jr may plundfe^r'the tjfe^opliei under thiB guist ofiarporn iwopopoty, i«itih i(nf»p«nity;:!wbji»tiif tllwSi poQr n^Van weFQ;to,plUiHd*r,thq^rii»^ haagejj. . ; Such inequality, sanQtjoned dpy l«yjr< <^uffht no Ipngep jtfV)ejtiRt. i , . i; , An 3lonoufi«»ible,Bar!on0tj!thQnJMfembpr ^]ov SuffiaVK, undprs t)\e s»me mifttake. once f^tated in the lio.qse, ftMt- if tl^he, ooixntry gentlemen di4 not get tjieir ; vent? .the, f reycinue qOuUlMt b^ collected. In, thfttf ho.vjrevei?. lift >y^$.,$0Qtt: undeceived ;4Qr, in 1816, al|hougb the vents of, land, were: tSreatly reduced, and theagrioulturaj iin;1ie.rest)J9iucteidisr. tressed, yet the: revenue :inti byiany mjet^ns,j*nder value the;laDdpd,inte5e^t;i buiti it.is, $, ^r<^t pnw to, sHppoi^ei t,bat;th« welfare of the. ^wr»jU"5f. and. i^,re.YewVie depend, ^P; much ,vppn, the; ]§nd:e4 p!ro!]^?r}#tpi» and, !the>ftmpy,ntiiof !t;he rent^. tw reoieiv94;^,Twy dBp*?^ mpre uponptber interests in the iCO^n)tiyy;tj»An tlip ppvintry; does on them ; and^ though it may hurt their vanity to say SO, tliie country might, tq st9.te i^n extreme c^se.prppper without them. IrHonourable Gentleinen aoubt this^ let I m i »M«Wi om- ricci ome her 17 thum look ba6k to the state of Venice, to Genoa; and*, hkteily, to the island of Tdra, in Greece, a barren .roclc« ooirtairtin^ 40,000 inhabitants, which did not grow ai^, corn; and: yet procured, without difficulty, when ,1 wan there, doro m aoundaaoe from other places— the inhabit-r ants being supported by commerce. All we want i» mon^y or goods to give in exchange for corn ; and.it matr tera not so much as some iGentlemen imagine,, whether it be with the landed proprietors of England, or with the landed proprietors across, the Channel, that we make the' exchange. TX: landowners reflect on this, and be mor« ikioderaM in theirclaims ; and not arrogate to themselves an- impovtance so superior to that of the rest of the community. By the population Returns of 1831, the proportion of the agrictiltural, to the other classes > in Great QritaintiS' 2aipereent.} in Ireland the agriculturists are 63 percent.; the average number of agriculturists in the United King- dom b6in'g about 38i per cent, of the whole popula- tipn« I would ask whether it is to these— little more than one-third of the people, that the interests of the other two-thirds are to be sacriiiced. If in numbers, the agriculturists are so inferior, let us inquire whether they contribute more to the revenue of the country in proportion to the other dmipes ; and whether, on that ground, they deserve special exemption.? The net revenue of t^e United Kmgdom. in the year ending January 1836, was 46,302.135/;, of which the English agriculturists, ac- cording to their numbers, should pay 28 per cent., or ;n.8a$,351/.,*andthe Irish agi'icillturists, 2,716.762/.— both, togeiher, l4,$32,l'l3/. Bi)t, if the nature of our taxation be examined, it must be evident that they cannot contribute in that prpportion.^' I have made an estimate that they con- tribute only 9,500.000/. of the public revenue, or 5,000,000/. less thain their fair numerical proportion. The revenue of G£eat.Bntairi may be divided into four great branches, nftni£ly>— The Customi&EzcUe contribute 72 per cent, of the whole revenue The Stamps . . . 14 „. „ The Amesied and Land Taxes 9 „ v •• tjo n ThePppt,o«lce . ..5 vu,.r>s^.i* Making the Totia 100 If inhabits of the agriculturists, ilnd of the artisans, and other classes, a're considered in their use of exciseable and other taxed commodities, by which the revenue is raised, I 'am fully warranted in- stating that the agriculturists do ndt pay more than I have stated, or about 20 percent., instead of 38 per dent, of the whole taxation of the bountry, both direct and indirect, u When I see the gre»t manufacturing, commercial, and B »»■ ■IS'/' ban ' •Mp^iiig infdi«4ts«oifMke>ed df ^KtDtf in^ohAdc*' b^ nm4 HiMMufftMa Mvmberti } am iiidtksed tb cUnwiiU attcntibh df'thiylfDul^totheit mw^nitudbi'and t« iHi^ dH&oaltiet tl¥et hdvcit tlad 'to tiViidotM in consequcpcb' pt> tbe : psnt tili)ity*Of tH^ hew: to^avdi'tkv AgrNtuUuiibttfi} andv mstj fti W^the tifbUdh trade. ' In > 18.34,' tiieN|\ivireiiaiii>ort«l 3t«t87A,iieft Ibo;^!' eotton w6o}, wHieh at the avsnif erpnoe 4f SA'twf lb. MSi l(),894^r/. c^Flier* wev^ iaoo^|»innintf «nli« lloine «dnku[nptiwJ;^he ifr6nib«i^ dfi ]l«Mehiiiof a11lQla680#,'8Ut>VOT^«lol by tlwpettoU ]ftiMMfflct\ire^ b^ini; estimated: al' npw^rda oMv5^Yi;l 1634^2? • ^;" " ] imported . •»rji,. v ii.ji i ttrtl. 82^76,42* ■*.'VMuej'M;8 lii300 ',^. ;Ntt«»hej; of spindles med in apinQi^g o^ • j u; ■^zi, )^P«?*i»P^S .7. Anitouitt of Capital, inv^sted.-Tnamely, ,, ,> . < 7" -bf fixetftspital .^ - •. ilt.000-000 '''"" -'"- '^.^ ^"' *" Of flditihgtApitftl- ' '..•' ii! ijBl7j(»)0,WO'-4*-**^ — -^ iriiw.^Jxi viiTotaicapitali i •!.>•/, '•:; lii. ; ; -!.j2(ifil4iOOO,OOJ -:;jj j.-lrii'i]i}i}JU'r:ij; .!^t!'«;iX .'/ij li'.mlv/ 'iO . : ' 'f. ' l J,. ' . ' ;..^>- dt* A fj • cBiico-priniBrs ■ ^- •.,.,.•. 'iM"! iti ')jj;,u!it('vv,to((!ttMcert!dC)cbttAtt>lU>»l«r.y- t^J-ia i.hj'iOJJflOO -nuai^'.di ti./|t •>iJb)eachcr^idHirs,:fu»tiart'iutteiniii^oc4iQo^()^ 9. Total value of manufactured cotton goods . £34i6Sft;S86 ■llO;''KMneCdlrftuiTlptiY)» i j :.^ oi. (ii^j £i4i»l«.'00O h . ) i Foreign ditto .. '*! .. £20,513,000 at;t(i.,i>, wiT 11. Quantity— Wliite or plain' cottoisiv^ ' ^'"i'^ ^2m,9m\m(yklf3lk Printed or dyed . •. 27*i7feR;6M'« ;; ' Twist and yarn ■.' , .„, , . 76,478.4 68 lbs. » i^'^^^^^^^rnmrm. •-•i{j*lo?.l;ffi..{2gpf|00b •.•»;ns ,*<•<<>'.>■;. sSOiODO .>')Cla}ice'-printen': -wit ilsm'v -jp ,y.i[iit:>Hunvij U^>y.\'i 4$tQ00 ) J ')Cla}ice'printc ;.^!ijjij8 •fff h?»(ix;n/:w vJ^^5^l ,n tfJf; .{fiioisinoiuTotsUfnutifefet ■ iij/ry --4^ J'-^i' i < 1)^^,300 19 If i •iipvoik th« , afjirioulttirnts to eonsunijB onevfourth of thfil qimntity 6f tfottons retained i^xf hoirtel oamumptieilj which is'nnatmpteliUofvatice, their nhara would only! bt 3,5O«v000/^ or 10 per oentl dirt of the 3ft,000»(K)M.:;< flttd yei the landownenB, in thia : and Mother placesttcU^iWl thatJ'thehome^marketis.ihebe^t: market for the mtaafaftf* talis of the^ eauntdy, and thal!th^y)'WOuld shut'ooti ail fti'rkiton demaiid rather than alUl:t the^ eoimvlAwsi it m\f^% vrithTeonfideace state/iimilarirasuJilii: a»tp thethome aiMil tbr^lgn trade, in thegriaA staple manUfaatureabf'InroQUeBi lihen^ and iron, and aik whyfthe many miUions of oapital tmd of pentons ein!Gklioyed in th6!se and> other 'toani^hte of natiunau indtstir shotikbibe »ubjeoted4a tne mooiopOlytof the landowners ?-•••■! ';.,',• M • .; ■)Hi. , a .an ■> r •■ -.(ll.-,, / Iwsome eountrieiin Eutopa th^ia^geprbpiMrtibnrofitha pul^lio reVenhe whiohlthelanaded interest contribute^ mtglif fairly give theih a claim to protection for ^heini>rodudefiroiB corappKtion with the^roduoqof other odaat ries ;butviti S^g^ laivA, the landed interest pays less to the publia ^venlie, ini proportion to their wealth, than any other interest $ an^ theralbre^ has! no claim to speoial reliefs' ■■■ In FivMCBt M. Humanflj the Minister of Finance, statedi en the fi9th of ApriU^^di that the total revenue of. Franee iar that yearwai^ 1 iO08,244iOOO frailea, of which the aflfrionltunsta Md 4*D;O0O,O()O; Or 4<) to*r cent/ «f the Wh<»le hstentie"*; l?na, iii"iMWet"tttf a^cothiillAint madiB''ih ;the trhat))|l)eFublic rey^pu6 of 83,000.000 tm Jliirpp^, ■; , , ^;i. u. ?' U '- V"' v-.^- irrXproposB now to prove tttat,thei*«gl»3Jh landowners havb beeii^ and •re still, specially exempted tVomf tnany taxes which oth - • , Servantsv---Labourer8 in husbandry t- '' 4- Horses.— .Horses ridden by occupiers of farms at less than 200/. rent ',^,n Horses employed in carrying coa) and wood ' ' ' - where hot more than four are kept . ' Hollies used by bailifls . . J : iMiires kept for breeding . , ffoi; Husbandry horses . n ■ ^•,^,1. Horses drawing taxed carts exempted from ., , lower rate of duty thereby chargeable at a reduced rate bf duty on horses Servants. — Husbandry servants occasionally em- ployed as doMestic servants Carriage8.-^Taxed carts at the lower rate of duty Horses.-^AIl horses chargieable heretofore at 3«. ,. Wh , . . . Dogs.— :DQgs kept wholly for th6 caire of sheep by fafiners at rents under 100/; per annum . Horse*.^Hor8es drawing taxed carts exempted do. do. Ampuat. £ 150,119 1,15^ ' lit 60,461 5.835 40. 59.186 db. do. 1819 1829 3.9.t8 273 3,593 470,108 do. 5.064 do. 1823 34,374 9,310 do. 4,044 1824 6,876 i! •hoiuts jrere alto* >f which 19 b«low lycar ex- V.130i672 lei. If I at HI. Iiined the 1803 to 1000,000/. I was im- quantity ially the i:eaerally coppice exempted M paid, ich bore been re- nounting ■**» ^ - Iture and e patting If given in e 1817 to u AmpuBt. £ \ 150,119 1.156 60,461 5.835 59.186 T .v; 8,938 >H' 273 "' 3,593 470.108 hi< S.064 84,374 9.310 4,044 6,876 very nearly to 1,000.000/. a*ycar; and which, in the several yeavs up to this time would have amounted to 1 3,000,000/' sterling. But I rouit call the particular attention of the House to the legacy and probate dutits imposed on personal property of all kinds passinj;, by descent, whilst landed, or real property, has been altoge- ther exempt from any tax ; ana we cannot shew, in mure from higher rate of duty thereby chargeable at a reduced rate of dut y on hones . 1824 II ,334 Houses and Windows.— Farmhouses occupied by , labourers and servants retained for hus. " "•'•'i ' "t''!.' bandrv (by6Geo. 1V.C.7.I-36) do. ({,MS SerTantt. — Huibandry or trade servantt employed as croomt by pertons ataetted for carrisges witli lest than four wheelt . . do. 5,076 Carriagea.— Taxed carta at the higher rate of duty do. 20,675 Harica.— Mules carrying coal ore, &c. . . 1825 71 Horses occasionally let to hire by farmers, at rents under 200/. . . .do. 5,637 Carriages.— Common stage carts drawn by one horae .... 1833 8,716 Servants. — Stewards, bailiiTs, overseers, or mana> gers and clerks under them . . 1833 10,110 Windows.— Windows in farm-houses . . 1834 35,000 Horses.-^ Husbandry hones occasionally ridden by farmers at 500<. rent per annum . . do. 10,000 Ditto, used occasionally for other purposes, or let occasionally for hire . .do. 2{,000 Horses used by bailiflfs, shepherds, &c. . do. 2,000 Dogs.— Shepherds''^dog8 . . do. 3,oOO Fire insurance on implements of husbandry and stock . . .' /• «'> do. 5O,0OO Total . . £ 985.824 Total Amount of the savings to the sgriculturfsts by these re- ductions, reckoning from th<3 year after they were made %o the end of the year 1835. Reduced. Period. Both tnelusiw. In 1816.... £281,695.... 19 Years, vis. J8l7to 1835 a£5,352.205 1819 3,868.. ..16 „ 1820 to 1835 = 61,88 r— — — 71 N.B.— Some of these duties are applicable .to persons in tradie,T but to a small extent only, — the whole having been repealed for the relief of the agriculturists. I I 2» Hiivlg co}&ttt9, th6 Kroit pfcrtiaThy dftlie Uw in tkvoiiFof' tH«.rah46wnerf, And th« greftt injuntioe, thtreftrtw, infltet«d ' oH ^a ftk% alt (he «oniihnnityi In 1 785. th« le^nley dut^ei Wffrtflhipdied oh |^0r«nnlil flrdperty in Ireland, tind n6 tii/t onlaA^ded property, tn Great Britain, Mr. Pitt impoiiMl' tlrt> legiidy an^ problite dnticA, ctomminAiniif the 1)it oP Att> giin\l\'f97i om all personal propeHyi the mte Offohavgo' varyinjf front t to 10 per cent, on the capital ; and by a- Pari lament ary Hcturn^ in my hand, it appears Ihat the a^^re);ate amoui^t of the tax ii^ Great Britain xvaa little more than 1,OUO,OOOA. in the flrqt nine y^nnt/whfUNt the amannt hat been nearly 20,000,000^ in tpe last fen yenm. The amount of pemonal property, oil whioh tht) tax.wM.. levied, has gradually increased from 1,000,000/. in 1797, the llrst year, up to 42,000,000/. in the last year, 183fi ; and by the same R0turns, the total amount of ncrronal property taxed under th&t BiU, in 30^ years, waif ^Out 94t,pOO,Vp<)<- at the various rates of. from I to lO percent.on^l^^atnount of property. The total amount of tax aotually levied in. G^reat Britain, on personal property by descent, in the m yearsf— 1797 td 1 833 --bOth Inclusive, Was neatly 4M0i>,00()/, stel-ling ; whilst jlandcd nropei'ty hli$ notx)aid^ during thai time, 1/. of legf^cy or probate 4\ity .PQid^scVntkj I wUl'not hazard an opinion as to the valu« of landed pro- perty which hat been inherited, by descent, in theNC 4^ years, to compare it with th^ taAiountofpersotia! pro- p^jfiy that Has been taxed. The landed T>Vopi?rty Of th(^, Duke of Suthe4, of 250,000/. ^^ye^r, did hot pay 1*1; ainil we have daily proof of successlgh to immonf^ landed estates^ -without their contributing Id. towards the ex- jjetiseis df the Government. Perhaps the greater part of the Taiided property of the country has passed by descent ip th'Sl tirii»i."'l!» th^t eAualiiAtice? Should such a sys- tem of uneiJu'Al taxa'ibtt b/AUb^ed to continue? If wfr' add the 49,000,000/. of probate dut^s raised,|6n- p^ison^l' property, to the 13,000,000/. of taxes from which Jand4ia«i fe^n ;^f!mpted,' we have nearly 62,000,000/. of taxntion, f^ojBti Vrfiich the lp.pd has been exempted in 39^ years.* • Ab8tT,act of tHe Amount of Lenacy and Probate Duties received % Gr^atBritftln, frpm 1st August, 1797, to 5th Januaiy, 1836— 394jear8':-i;-'''' "■ • ■'• ' ■ • ' ■" ■" ' Sn^landic WuIm. . . Se6tl«Ud Atfg/m7» to 1805 . Jan, 1806* to 1814 . Jhii. '«1S* to 1823 . Jftn. l«24ttol834 . 34Xi. 1834 to 1836 . Total in 394 years Groat IftrlUin. £ 9,70,842' £ 86,.W8 £ 1,027)412 6,949,908 209,749 7,158,658 13,324,502 633,950 13,958,463 20.432,891 1,180,060 21,612,951 !6,864,768' 806,182 4,«7.0,9CO £45,54 1 ,914 r£2;266.!?43< £47,8©8i4fi6t Parliamentary Papers, 204 of 1823. t Ibid. lOl of 1834. \ IIP of' Att- the ittle the enrn. ThMVireM «aio the ft.OOO.OOO^. of Hou But ^hMe aooonHte are 4tnflf^ when w e look at the euttii l»vied' Ibr the landed iV^terist.by th* monopoly of food. |r'rh([i'ltfitrioulhn«al interest 1)i in distress, I haviclearlf ^ted thal'lt cahnoi arine framthvii^ paying niloretaxer thkn other clMieM pay ; and I will now ««hew that there it' little '/[[ronnd for complaint in r^^Rvd to the prioeli- of'f he' produee of the lahd, whiuh have been relatively' hi#h fbr the Jaiit twenty years. ' I have prepantd a Rtate« fti^ht or the averai^e prices of v^lieat» barlny, oats, and VeiLltHi aspubliiihed in The London OAxatte ;i.nd in 8mMh- Aeld of Mef and mutton in ench year,' from 1 MO to 1894."^' My authority lor these statements is theSt»tis-4 '■^' . .1- . ■ ' I ■ .1 .' ■ ■ -.■ . .. i . ■ k.-j ' in It-eiatlU the l«k^cy-4iiti«h Mrere Imposed in 1786, but \i \k stated thait ho iepara'tc aiD«iuaata were k«p( until 1013. anfl the amount was Rtnall. From 9th of May, l^lfi^ to 6th of January, . \ ^•^\ ni Itiinit 0'4nv,. 1828, the amount oMegacy and probate t •• ^i . r- „t duties, in Ireland, wan . . . je315,7l9' ' i<; ^nd frqoi 5th of Jannnrf, 1823, to 5th of JfkpMWjt, '8^4 » . ., '. 689,527 •ji'A j ,11/ '.•- .b X .1) .» . « ii Ot I,' Total in' 18 yf ara Ditto in 2 years ■ ■' li'imf iji7''i £1,005,246 128,134 Ditto fn 20 years (to 1886) £1,183,380 And tloninaHng this amount bf duty with a ainvHar ambunt paid in Grea't mrltaiii,^ the capital; oh which these duties were charged, must'haVe been between 25 and 30 milliuns'tterling. < Total ofUhe dajlital paid upon, and the Amount of chch Rate of Dutjrin Greit Brtltain, in the 37§ years, from 1797 to 1833, both inqlua^ve.:— ^nnmply, At 1 per ceht. —r- 6 - k\ -.8 10 iC'O 8 M t ». ,»'■: It ' l> II.' II .r t . 96,4.'J9,3»9 i.' £910,90.5,998 Total amount ojf Capital tared, and bmount of Tax, in the ^ T T, t f, . f) Kingdom, to 1836 i^- ' • ! <^' >• '■* i i.!i 1830 64 3 32 7 24 5'36 1 4 1 3, 9 4 3 4. 3 ..^j 1831 66 4 38 25 439 10 4 4 4 3 4 2 ' 1832 ■)8 8 33 1 20 535 4 3 2 3 2 4 6 3 10 1833 52 11 27 6 18 5'33 2 3 9 3 9 4 10 3 7 1634 46 2 29 20 1135 3 3 2 4 1 3 2 .*« ft 4 5 3 6 Average of I six years J 59 1 32 1 22 036 4 6 3 U 1 1 I 1^ will explain why I have entered it at 6As. \d. Mr. Page, in his evidence butbre the Sale of Corn Committi^e, stated, that fhe reduction in the average price of wheat, by the alteration in the mode of taking the averages in 1828, was at the least 5s. per quarter ; and I have, therefore, added 5«. per quarter to 59s. \d., to make the actual price of 64i;. Id!.— a fair comparison can thus be made of the prices at those two periods. It is necessary to explain how the averages have been altered, by whicn the import duty on foreign corn is regulated, so as to give in Tlie Gazette a lower average price since 1828 than before. By 3i Geo. III. c. 30, the average prices of corn were struck by the proper officers, from Returns sent from the twelve maritime districts in England, and the four dis- tricts in Scotland. Irish corn was then excluded from the Returns, and continued to be excluded from the aver- ages,, until the Act of 1827, when, by 7 and 8 Geo. IV. c.58, all corn, the produce of the United Kingdpm, was incUidtd in the averages. From that year a large quan- tity of Irish corn (which is generally from Ip to 15 per cent, lower in price than English corn) has been included. Moreover, the Returns have, since 1827, been made from 1.50 places, instead of the twelve maritime districts in England, and the four in Scotland, as before. The quan- tities; returned as sold were, from that time, greatly in- crease4> and the averages lowered«)i>y vyhich the rates of duty on foreign corn have been increased. By the Re-r port on the Table, it appears that, in the three vears, 1825-27, the average yearly quantity sold /by which the averages were struck,' was 1,976,263 quarters.* In the three years, 1829-31, the quantity was 2,838,620 quarters. In the three years, 1832-34, there were 3,818,298 quarters : and in 1835 there were 3,927,620 quarters reported. I deem it important that these changes, which give an * Total quantity of wheat returned on which the averages were struck. (See First Report on Agricultural Distress, Appendix 4). ( >> i)u' .Aj. Qrs 1825 ■ V.' . ;?. ;»..... 2,020,472 1826 . . .' 1,886,737. /^ ., 1827 . ; . 2,026,580 ^^ ■'^ Average, 1,976,263 qrs. front 12 districts. 1828 Year of new corn-laws. 1829 . . . . 2,573.376 ' 1830 . . . 3,140,997 1831 . . . 2,801,487 Average, 2,838,620 qrs. ^rom 160 places. 1832 . . . 3,295,662 1833 . " 'j' --' ; 3,600,321 - i.q 1834 . J •in >)'. , 3,738,910 •, >. r Average, 3,818,298 qrs. 1835 . ,. 3,927,620 .HI-!- I. ."'.■. [ •■■\ CO. I > ' t i 11 26 ad^4r^a^6 9f'at lfea^t'il$.> quartet 6h thfe ttii*hbi)0l/t>rfd«' to the cbi^i^WeM, sHould be nvell 'tind^t-stood dv th6 Hbiisi: ■ ' ■^" -.0.': !•■:•. ■, f-i^ ...: >rr^ v :r • To' a^bpftaiti; yith' arty degjree of actcufacy, tl)^ advftntftg'tf in pnbefe to the lartded inf erpst by the corh-liwi, we tnlist asc^rtaih.what'fhie pfricfei have wen irt'Fraheis.iandothe^ adjkcenf bMintHes, fbr the last flfteeft'dr tvrertty y^rS; And cbtripare thfprti , M^rth the prrcesi' Jh Englafid. Therfe ari; tnV06 kveri^eis of Wheat taken in Fr(ince ithdet the dortf^ liiWs fherei and Ihd prices are very difffet%At in eabh dh'-' trict; bnt they ak taken fi'orti thirty-^ix jHades otilV, all lal-ge towhs.'iind the averag(es nitist be bf the be$rt Himdi of gf^n. ' It riilt^t alsQ be obserV^d that the' quality of grain ih prance is abont fifteeh to twenty pepc6ht.'iiiferioi' t* that of the 'i^rain of Er^^larid ; and alidWahce ' ihoiildj therefore, be made, Accordingly, in any eothpatison 6^ the priljes bf corn. France is also injured by hercorh-lawft; Ibf tHbu^'60hti|;liduS to 'the ch.eap eorn dountttes of Italy, sfi6ica,ririot import frdfti thiein until' the pHctiieJtdeed tho[i<^ ftied )l)y her cprn-lp,wS | hende the grfeat differehdd' and ine- (luaiity of price of dOifii lYi diflrerient ,^arts of Frkncd, sdarfeelv i'titielligi^llB to those who are ignorartt of the wbrkinfe of fhe corn-UWs:' I have pfepar<»d a statement of thfe prFcfei of wheat in France Yot the l^st' fifteen years; oorhpaifed with jthe prices in fehj^lahd W the satfje period, Which ii t82l..6M 1822.. 43 11853. .'51- 1824.. 62 »82i-.,>>6 1826.. 56 f. d.V,yVTpraga }5 ,10.1 price per SUni.Quar. 8f 55s. dtf. ^1 In. ..ir» crease ieht 8.^7 i '. t'i , 1827. 1828. 1829. 1830. 1831, 1832. 1833.. 52 1834.. 46 ,56 ,60 , e>(] ,64 , 66 ,.58 60*. 2^1 ^9i. Id. 64s. 1(1. •i> ..:« I.',' 15 .8? 16 .50 6.65 .21 .22 .21 .21 51 26 2 95 7. 16 96 14 35 'creme -perl- cent. * W 18-75 Averjige.pffifteeri years, 5^5. 3c?. i>i En^UnJ. ei" cent., from th§ ^rst period to the last, ir Increase per cent., tropa ttj§ jirst peripa to tne last, in England, 15.64 per cent.. Average of the fifteen years in France 18/. 9 c, ov 4\'s: '6d., or 40 per cent, higher in England than in France. liise of price -from fif sit period to last 21.05 percent, in France. *'■ '*'' - - ^ 2f The pribe of Ki^heftt yci this tiniip in Parii^^ is d6«. 8d. ; all Bourdeauie 4Sf ; at Orleans 32s, lOd. ; at VerdiiA 23«. to' 25*.' The|)*ice of flour ih London is 48*. per sack, ofi afeo lbs., ated iri'Pftris only 28». 3d:; therefbre, floWr ii' 691 per eent. dearer in Lbndon than in Paris. I faavd^ also prepki^ed'a statement of the priees of wheat' on th^' 6th of this ttionth (April) at four ports on the Continent,' cftbtiverted into the price per English quarter, toahew the difference of the iianie gi'ain in those ports and in London at this tlnifei' ' '' '^ H i. i 10 >■•" Js >.<) ►"'^ =P« "• •2 ^ S i. 2 .5 a ■ ■r r ■ ■ ^ rrt"T- "3 ^ a> M TTTT-T- ■'^ '/ .►5; N 1 IR O ,00- , iat iij; Ml ■ 3 '3 13 'J t^-;.! '>;rT i-:,- .■>. .L.at >J I. .J. : T*; fTTi . . ■ Mil • r.) -r^ O o ^'T- s t- {s'-«?-^ .1 ^* «J 1 >5»' >* .^ ■ tl C •■■••5 b ^ 2. v N p* PS »~t 4-* (A 2 p :. If. ■,'l-)f !,!■:.•> •■■| 11 i (it,,.' Of a; T3 •?> S.' M O 'S o -a h -r- «3 OC 00 a. V) a 'u o 5f en ■-• "o -a CO .J1Ji( a hi 3 .0 a •" .- c B -';,;.'! , )1 !.'■') 'vliO ■ I'll M.ii r '->•■„ I .1" .1 ,».. \- . vvi; J i<^ iifc , ,/!y:':j.'i tRuiJ^iiB^f:' f ; 28 By theUeturns on tlie Table of the Hooge,*, it appears t})fit in the ten jrears, 182tJ-31, both rnclusive, the averse price or wheat in Amsterdani was 31s. 4d. per quarter; the average of all Holland was 29«. in the same period. In Bourdeaux, in the ^ame ten years, the average price of wheat was 43«. 2£{., whilst, in England and Wales, in the same period, the average was 59«. 5rf.i— so that the price of wheat was 3 7f per cent, dearer in London than in ilonrdeaux; 97^ per cent, higher in London than in Am' sterdam, and 104} per cent, higher in Londpn than on the average of all Holland. The duty at this time on wheat is 42«. 6d. per quarter ; and whether we compare the prices of wheat in England with the prices in France, Holland, or the North of Europe, it is quite evident that our corn-laws, by prohibiting importation, except with a very high duty, give a monopoly to our landed interest of from 12,000,000/. to 15,000,000/. sterling yearly. Some cal- culationsgo much higher; but the advantageof300,000,000/. in favour of that interest, and at the expense of the rest of the community, in the last twenty-one years, is an alle- gation which calls for the early and serious attention of a manufacturing and commercial country. Besides the heavy duty on grain of all kinds, there are ninety articles chargeable with ^duties on importation for the protection of similar articles, the produce of the land in the United Kingdom, which give on all these a mono- poly-price to the landowner against the consumers. The following is a list of some of the principal articles taxed : — Rate PerContaKe Articles. Quantity. Price. of of Duty on Duty. Price. ..,.^.,^. per s. d. s. d. per cent. Apples . . Bushel 4 4 100 Beef . . . Cwt. 40 12 30 Beer 32 Gallons 37 4 53 140 Butter . Cwt. 84 20 24 Candles (tallow) . Ditto .-JG 63 4 III Cheese . Ditto 65 4 10 6 16 Eggs 120 a 10 14 Hams Cwt. 65 4 28 45 Hay Load 80 24 30 ^ Hides . Cwt. 56 4 8 8 Leather . ad valorem -. 30/. 30 Pork Cwt. 54 12 22 Tallow . Ditto 42 3 2 7 Oils (Rape and \ Linseed) . | Ton 421. 40/. 95 Bacon . Cwt. 44 28 65 Spirits distilled from corn . Gallon 3 22 6 750 • Statistical Tables, part 3, page 575. i i 89 Besides these articles, which may be ftdmitted on paying heavy duties, there are other articles of general conHump' tion,and of the first necessity ,~ namely, ^reai catUe, beef fresii or slightly salted, mutton, lamb, swine, and malt, which are altogether prohibited from importation. There are no Returns «f the amount of consumption of these Articles in Great Britain, and therefore no correct estimate can be formed of the additional tax paid, in the form of increa^td price, by the community in consequence of th6 complete monopoly which is thus by law established : but the aggregate charge upon the nation, by all these exemptions ana monopolies in favour of the landed interest, must soon demand the serious attention of this Hou^e, if they are to represent the wants and to take care of the interests of the nation.^ ' ' SIR JOHN TYRELL.— Is English Budget ? this the French or the fjf :.jrffyf> lutf nil v'i 71 mm I uand --ftl Mr. HUME.— Only part of the English. I have proved how the prices of every article, the produce of the land, )>ave been kept up in tkvour of the landowners, and I shall now shew the extent to which the ' prices of almost every article of British manufacture, and of foreign 'and colonial Sroduce, have fallen in the same period. If we divide the fteen years into three periods, it will be found that, on the average of the five years, 1820-24, the price of white cotton cloth per yajd was 9d.; in the next period of four yearsi 1825-28i7|d; and in the last period of six years, 1829-34, the price had fallen to- 5id. ; so that the prices of white or plain Cotton exported iVom the United Kingdom had fallen 35^ per cent, in the whole period from 1820-24 to 1829-34, and in that period the price of English wheat had advanced 15^ per cent. Cotton cloth -:f: exiHtrted. Yards. Declared vuluei £. 29,805,741 21,892,212 36,698,437 Average i)rice per Yard. 9d. 043 Id. 845 5({, 836 In the first period of 1 ,,q, ^qo oon five yearM 820-24 / 791.032,920 Second. oHour years. J 669^615^7^ ™'^'i?29'3V'*"'}'»509.467.765 The period 1825.28, compared with 1820-'24, exhibits a fall in price of 13.24 percent.— 1829-34 with 1825.28, a fall of 25.61 per cent.— 1829-34 with 1820-24, a fall of 35.46 per ceat. The prices of Glasgow fabrics of booK and Jaconot muslins ; and of checks, exhibit, in the same years, a fall 1 1^. 1 i .: m lififatiinanufaoturer in (Siasgowi, th«t th^ iied^oti^Q in the prieb of eotton Tabncs cr^nerally has bet^fi m^xre than 45 . peii cent, since 1 sao. In ootton .'twi«ft ; th? redufstion haaiVeen fi'om 29. id. perlb« OlVIhe av^mg^i^f th^ y^ara 18^f28t to Is^ac^; in the period 18ii9r^ whe;i (^timat^d on:iih«< aggregate qaanlitjir iBxpoi?ted.And4h)e.4««iUiiiwd value therfeofi; ■'•■: r(J I 1990-24 1825-28 ttu)Mftity, .132,138^58/. 170.2 I5.7S0 4li,67d;812 ;;ir 7i, '«sr^- .M9,'oi . ,T» Ycariy ; >»!' 10 J2,55S.! 68.7791989 • Avernie I i.54 anot&eh ^ 5a;eB,,i»r,cv So thit the M in pricie ^otii ^ej^0^J^§j^4:ip\^0l{ was 39 per cent, nearly. , The redj^ctipn ia ^Pinte.(J and c)y;8d floHow haSjJMien equally large. In the linen trade the reduction sitiee lj<29 has been from 17 to 20 percent.; in canvas and ofner branc^Qs, to la greater es^tent. ,3y %^tatj^mei^|rin^«ny haudj the i?elli^g, priqe orcanvas p,t f^eds Jh^s dfechn^d i^inoe' J$13 upward? of 40 per cent., whili^t the wiges have ij!' ! 10 l>f>!' .:pir Yrtrd.' ' ' ^^•'i) 182P .t,*. i, loZ^ • • • « M6 .-..'■ 1628 ...; 1830 .... 1832 .... 1834 ,... 1836 .... I ' I , 'I . i |i i I ," ■ ■ ' p m I per itdM, ■ i ytl- a '13d. • .S, ->.,.,•-<•■:• IjOlrftr,/ 10 71 Jacotiftt Muslin)),' '■''• per Ynrd,- ■' i f; '13d. • .S,->., .; 8J J iiof'n;jT:(,!U ■itJR/iilv .■5i;hs p^rce^t. on heavy stripes and ehecks, , , ; .; . ' t Statementof the price of No 37 Canvas, and the wag^9 bf weayipK .r a piece of the saniie, 36 inched wi4^, 16^ t^reHds of wacp, 17 b? weft, per inch. ' ' f|y^ ,i" '..>\')l Apieceof ; AVaiJpM of Riga Heniit s> ji ,'j>:.<. .;r,CanVas, N0.37. Wfiaviug. p^rTo^i. m «. d. s. d,. £.. ■! ,^'j 30 2 8 ■ 84 ■ ,' 30 vo Si -iSi ( i ig - • ' 60 ' 1 i28i .0 ) ,'a>fo;.fl:jrfll; iau: , SflHaUfil 22 2 8 43 20 6 2 6 41 21 3 2 8 49 lii iijj'l p. -'I1 1813 IIj;'. ;.1»16^ 1816 1817 1813 • f *i ■ * 31 ?. v,W^e\M&fA of hairdwar^' of etery kindhas* hiBxi reduovdiin a still ||;reater degree. I hold in my hand astateraeat i* of fthe jw)u)l6sal«[ prices of some of the most meful articled for '. i'tD'm. ttnii dome$tio purposes^ such asi^burry->o0inbs, oalndle- . slicing fryjnj^panv spoons, &o.„ shfiwinj; ft fall in th&j»rioes of those articles since 1818, of 30 to 70 per cent., which must have benefited the agriculturists greatly, as well as vothfer. classes;' ^' :.-.nha-,,, ■:• • .;.•■; viiia : tviM-i-^.i /"^ff <.i : !•'■ I have a Return, to shew that ebtth' idttVft dfetlihed from 30 to 40 per cent. *; lime 18 to "20^ per cent. ; and, in short, ev^fy article of home produce, except agricultural pro- t3{iii,c;e» }i«ls decreased greatly in price. (>f foreigti tind colonial t)todu 18 '2 6- - 37 ifljsqm.V.) initio! "^4^^ v.cr.fo.i'ht!.; hjv.M'.^-.'n^ur % 5iw'! '.;■.., J^ [i»Sf a « » lb U ^ b ' 40 1830 . , , 17 2 & 40 iijol '■ii1 n't m..: 19 2 18 ^: if 2 38. *35 • 124 .ifS.lOnJiA LifiO'J -lyij '•.^-Statement of Prices of Hardware in the Y^ars from 1818 , to 1832., -u^ OT A«TiCI<1|B. 1818< .;.. ;.J,f. •. rf. pet'dbz." 6' 6 2 9 Ciinycomhg , . inch, brass . ^P^Pa"-- 3U Tinuiid tabltt^apoons per gross 17 iJ^nnedtea.trays.J ^^^, j, , 1824. 5 2 6 S 21 Q 2 2 1 15 • »y 3 1 5 1 7 13 1 9 10. 2 .^JL 1892. : i Kate of Rediic- tioti; '/■ ) r u. i 2- 18 9 .5} 6 9-' X 5 I or G8.52 .' I ' ' ' or 70 jii-r cfent. or 66.67 „ or 60 ' „ " ' or 28 t »i, or 66.67 ,. ,'3voi0 or .')4.17 ,, f Average Prices of Imported Merchandise iq periods of Years I i.i5".iii"- 'sH U. # !82 duee from 2a to tO p«r cent.'^ Wines hftvc fallen iVdm 5 to 2S percent. . l/we compare the pice of wheat, and the ofRoial atid declared valuei of British manufactured jjfoods, in the five years— 1820 to 1824, when wheat was 54*; fli. per ((ukrier. 1814 to 1835. inclusive ; shewing the gradual decrease in Moniy value of average prices Trora -o-i:/ Ik. ! f'l-n ' Articlks. Cottonwool:-*- per lb. American ^ . . . Eatt Indfa . . . . Hraiil . • ... Totitl import of all) kiiids or cotton . } W.India CofTce percwt. Do. tiigar „ Amcrlcnn rice „ Jamaica Lo«. J p,,Ton. Rusgia Hemp „ 1814 to 18L9, ma. 14 d. 13«f. 93f . 9d. 8df . id. 33i. 6d. £12 9f. £47 16i. 18S0 to 18-J4. 9i 60 - - 60 38 64 53 39 33 * Abstract of Average Prices of Articles imported and'sold'by the Eiast India Companf in the four following Periods; shewing the Dbcreihe ill the Price from the first Period. ... ARTICf.SS. Cinnamon Cloves . . . Cassia . . . Indigo . . . Lac Dye . . Camphor . Pepper, black Saltpetre . . Rice, Bengal Raw Silk 1 of Bengal/ 1814 to 1819. Average Pricua. U«.4> 16s. per lb. 1830 to 1833. Average Prices. Cs. 2d. per lb. Is. Id. „ 3/. 15s. per cwt. 4#. 9^. per lb. Is. 6di', ■,, '5/.l'0s.percwt Hd. per lb. 33Si 6d. per cwt. 13«. 6d. I4s. per lb. Decrease per ^ Cent, between .^ the Urtt Peritx ' aud the laal. 46 per cent. 70 „ 75 „ 22 (>5 54 55 40 25 37 ifrdm 5 liftl arid the five ijuirter, n Money ecr«aM cent, be- ran the Klltl lutt eriods. . «7 ,8 68 " 68 — 60 28 64 fiS 3» 33 kst India Compan* ice from the firsl U. lb. !Wt, IW Wt. .•A Decrease per Cent, betweeu thettrit Perio and the laat. *• 46 per cent. 70 .. 75 „ -22 54 40 25 37 39 wtth th« oflUilal and deolarad vtUie> of Biitish manufic- tur ^ hMHt British, manufactures^ b^ve fallen 30^ per ce»t»* A rise of 15^ pme oent. in wheat, and a fall of 30^ per cient. in manu- foAtures is equivalent to a rise of 90 per cent, in wheat, (nanufactuices r«mflining stationHryJ, or to a Ittll in manu- faotures of 80 per cont. (wheat (^naining stationary). The corn-growers ean, therefore command the same quantity of British nianuAietDr«s with 61 bushels of wheat, that they qpuld^n the years 1820-«24 have purchased with 1. Peclared; valud of exjiurtK. Ill ■ " '• — - . Prwortion of offlctal value <6 deolated do. I'all)k6tf.93 per cent. 34 8 II U it- • » • 4 18 lOi 5 16 ^Oi 9 lO 3 6 7* 3 13 n 8 5 7* .'*Ci fM '{Wreis dniy ted othtfrbftimih of iridlttlVy #hi<»h 1 aK'iII l)iing'ber«r« tlve Mc(Aite«-on<; •»" fhtf lilphost -iiVitH>itRnci> to the country, and Whk»h hM sntft>j'<>'Wit4lMfii4t^t!!K«^ «i!\ipowners Booltuni ara()«5;«t the raloit stren^oii* 'op«W^ oithe repeal or n»odifl(»ation bt the^eittWii ■' THe'lMviirti' i^oinmeroiiil shi|f»plnj|( in14ie worHI'V'&iidUhMi^iiWMmtdon i 1 that t6s|yeothaix not bMn cton^klened'x^fth'lliat'fo^tiv' iirici atalth<)iii<|^4Krilie tn»i>oaritile uaviy-Y))!^ this country is very properly considered eikitentml <6 Wii' sifppoi't (^KMkr Hil\^al^W'p«6>l()my, all rtfliet'hasr b^ehf #«fU!)ed iihost'pertvililiniowuly to the shipping interest, Whiiat ' reHtH' haH>be«n given in 0very possible way lothe iiigriuuUresspiont bly :pay< of ■. 3$4,7 9d/., i^/ employed only ten months in the year, would amount to 3,847,950^. ^'he price, of, provisions lor the British shipping may be fairly estiriaat^d at 30 to40'p«f, a great extent. The averaaje freight of transports Vn f 8l'4 wd,s 22a 6rf'; in 1820, 145. 6d. per ton j and forthelastilve orsix y6ars, 13,5. The freights paid in l^iwei'popli, to an(i /r.om l,l\e, West Inilies.have falletj from 40 to: 50 })«r cent/ since 18 14.* !*>om Liveriwol to the United St-Ates-thpl-e hiis be'eri,' a de- cline io fi'eight of 49 per;coi)t. sioee. J'B2.0., andftfcbft per. eent. .«'l:!il .;>:. .•I'.d •—«" e < u ') i) it l:n) .j|n ! ■)■» T/i •« a pi " •?> JLU ';[Pi;; 00 1 ^ on 00 00 .So cS CO •* 5 ■T T * .^^^ -a ■• J! ^1 o a -><***- 01 lI'Vl -2. 'A is ■a oo^Ki^'S 3 *^ v.r.i ,(ii TT s 35' ;?■ & '•J . ■ •« ^a ** ■* t.'i.' ijij;-' ^ -a- /v;f. •■tu, '.-^ LLili '.VI i'l ^..' in o us ^— T" trs "<^" TTST •:r -■• s > . ^ HO. Jil^ e ^1 -a -it< a if- «j 00 a' ,,.2, ea o, h<.' v., CO a, 00 . 0> .1181 r jori->'i fi. ■• I D ■,-:'' s 'iT ■ T3 5 § c I >nc« lb 14.* Th«r« h«ii be«n much dii1r«sit.nth«iihipping interest since the war; and the high prices of provisions, wages, and nnaterials, and the low rates of frcicht. satis^ t'actorily account for the same. If the corn-laws wer« repealed, tha shipping would benefit largely in all these respects, and also Dccome carrif^rs of corn to a considerable extent. So much has been said by some of the adrocates of the landed interest about the scarcity of money, and the difB- culty the agriculturists have had tu lontend with since the resumption of cash payiuents, that 1 have* taken con- niderable troubltf to ascertain what has been the state of the currency since 1814 to the present time; and the House will be perhaps surprised to hear that there now is, and has been, more money in circulation for the last si& years than for the six years preceding 1819. I rejoice at the change which took place in the currency of the country in that year, and I am pleased that I gave that measure of the Right Honourable Baronet.the Member for Tam- worUi, my Duppdrt at that time. I should now be sorry to see any attempt made to alter the provisions of that Act, or to tamper in any way with the currency of the country. I admit that, in the change that took place from Eaper to gold currency, many persons suffered severely ; ut to retrace our steps would orly inflict distress on others, and unsettle every pecuniary agreement in the ♦Freight of fine goods from Liverpool to the United States from 1814 to 1835:— 18^4 1815 I8ir> 1817 1818 1819 I 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 GinmU \vft Tun. . .')0 (Avernge,4'Js. 'Od.) ."iO 40 40 25 (Average, ZAs.) 25 35 40 40 30 1825 1826 1827 iQ28 tiuods pcrTiMi. I. d. 30 . 40 22 . 20 6 (Average, 28«.6(i.) 1829 ... 20 1830 . . . 15 1831 ... 20 1832 . . . . 20 18?" . . . 20 18? i . . . . 20 1835 ... 17 6 (Average, lyi.) The fal. in the freights has been gradual froin 1815 to 1835— in all, — Viz., In the period, lt(20.24, as tompaied with the period I8i4 19, per cent, fall, 20; ditto, 182.^-28, ditto 1820-4, per cent, fall. If); ditto, 1829 34, ditto, ISa.'i 28, per cent, fall, 33.— Total drcliiu' from 60s. to 17«. Od.— 85 per cent. j i . f i »7 country : 1 thvYftlyrv truvt th« metaliit! eurrancy will bf Adhered to. . . , ■ ,jj By the lUtenwht in my hand, the aonuM averagt cir< QuUtion of the Bank oi England and of country banlferi, dufing the period from 1814 to 1819, was,— ' ut .oo ),' . InjMpcr .... £44,848,t)00 Priv ate depoaltt In the Btnk of England . 1 ,7SO,400 Silver coVh In circulation . 4,&00,000 Jfi urn J :h!I J TOtnl circulation i'ill n'i i,'50,498,400 whiiititir feduced to the value of gbld currency of this dajr, nt 18«. ifrf. p«r l^. Bank note, would be 4.'),816,777/, ; vrhilfft in the year 1,834 the totnl quantity of money was upwafds of 93,000,000/.— namely, ^ The Bank of li^nglanr) noted a. circulation . ''' '"' i The notes dt country hankera and joint atock banka The private depoaita in the Bank of England Qoldooin ..■' / » ;/ 'If Fj,;(i'. . a n'i*> Silver colni ;;„; _,.;•. , t , ;jj ■.,,, V.;; . ,:;• l;ii[l ■ JL' 1 8,885,500 »0,376,970 10,529,000 16^000,000 8,000,000 'fM I..,,t1, £03,791,470 Aiid, therefore, the total qm^ntity of metallic and paper currency, in I8ij4, exceeds that of the bo'^'ed paper sys- tem to the amount of 17,9 74,693^.; being an increase of. •19^ per cent, more than in 18l4rl9. There can .scarcely; b^ f^ny niistake jn this statenient, as all that relates to Baper at the ref^pective period^ is takei> from official leturns. Frop 1814 to 1819 there, wt^s no gold in circu- lation ; apdtba estimate of aqld coin of 1G,000,UOO/., at the present time,, to fill up the f mall note circulation of the Pank of England and the country bankers (which was 14,O00,00OA) must be moderate. In 1836 the circu-, lation is certiu y larger. Some persons have had doubts, whether private deposits should te considered as part of the currency or not ; but, as they are available on demand, they must be considered in the same light as if they were in the pin kcts of the depositors, ready to be used; and, therelore. to.exhibit the whole of the circulation, the depo- sits of private persorjs in the Bank of England must be taken into account. In the yearly average of the first six' years these deposits amounted to only lj750,400/. ; in the, yea)- 1834 to 10,520,000/., which, beins< part of the pre-,' ceding sums, makes the total amount of Qurrency at the J command of the community,— namely, in the years of; high prices, 50,498,4(10/. ;an4 in the year of Jow prifi;^^, ,'' 63,791,470/. '/,.:?„„ ry , /;.,„;,;•'.■. Public Govcrftrhent'dej^osits in the Banlc Have^ orlafe! years, been between 3,000,000/. and 4,000,000/. ; but thej^ have not been noticed in my estimate of cither of theae ^ fi^vM. ' If the >riWH'''pHc!es^'yi' iwicWiti \0:m one-lijllfnicii'e^of payrpents tl»in,tlia,t amtjunt .ddWflTjave effected;iil i 8 1 4-1 9.' ' Bift "as' 't hei;f ^^, |3,,00$:(jjlj,(r/.: jWsjead of 5(),(J.00»D()Ui?. of cuiTency for that pufpoise, it' is quuc iicU- culous to complain of the want of ottnien«y at the present time a$ the cau^e of agricviltural Qr any othiei; }^ist;^e|SP; and it if to be hapied that the knowledge of; jwh^^ t ^avp UQvy sjLat!^d,wili •?? t jit r^st i^uch.qpmplaintsfpr th^itijti^re' I believe I have now completely m^de out my ^as^: ai^^ I ani r^|dy to submit ,t,h|3 yaripussjtatemi^nts j|l^ave,piad*« to t lii?, iStfictesst' uij(e|it.^gat^ifin,il)!BUevIftg themjia bft sybsjiani tiaUyiCorrect, In ooBOlMsioB.I allf^.ihat't^e/landed in-^ terest hiave been more favoured than any other intteresftin' the! iBdurttry ; that they are not taxed as the landdWtiei^ iiii' prance, B.eljiium, Holland, and other countries in Europe, einfiplre ; '^tild'lhaitiHfey hkve lieen,sj)eci t6,*eii ''thrft'TVolilii' iiave; ttrfibiintea tft {i',6bfi3o'dl!"^\nt\imal fo6d,'sire dltdjfethe'r prohibiffe'd', ' and a' complei)^' mbti6pb'|y tiiet^eby 6kt^bHshed'/" *fHai;t''t'h6re ,are besides '^'O to' lOO; avtibles oTf food, mWfi'^*of'*tHet0 Of t1i<;first necebity.^w^ are sti^jfet^ted to tl'eavi^ ddiiei bli- itiipoftiitibn,' tp pibte^t! siiMar ^Hieles; me^Wucd''pf';>he|lan'd, by wTiicH itfie' prices of all thesy articles arfe 'i^k'isi^4 t*>' stt' p^r tifenf.' higher lii^ ThAt trie pfice oij!0rn-is 40 to 50- per oen^. nigner iji^ Kiiffliind tnf^rt iti' Franc^, and &0, to.' f O'O ,p6r cent higber, jected, by thos'6 mon6t)olie$J 'td''ti^£iyy taxation 'in '^fie J pi'ii6' of theii- food: that, Iri fact, ' nb class' of'tHe tunv-. ^'^-^ 39 relieve all classes of the community — I voted for the total repoal oC the malt-tax in th J last Session with that view, and I am ready to do so now ; but I see no valid reason, whatever, lor the motion now before the House, and 1 hope the Noble Marquess will not press it to a division. I will add, that if only one-half of the allegations I have made respecting the landed interest be correct, the motion should meet with the decided opposition of the House. '•■Ml iklHi-'i <'i .K'««l.y '~ , • 1*; y fl.'filif'j*'! -tfl 'Hit f~li'-' % ( \ f. I f/.it ),>(lt. iWi// (' i;'j''<; J'ifi '/t' lit y«l Hiuu drlo ti nj'^f (lOBjft'ij J.i(!/iv (in V'.i i^. L Jt}i\ . ;.A'Otj Of- of' ot '^b/'* i mi: I bfu, s»f|i>rf f ttjui ,j-/;(>n ji'Uoiff.»fiu, Utfff 'jfl*,l' nio.'itxl ti'.'H'itn; f/'jl')(!;;( vflJ yfrff«)'>f|8yi •m LONDON: Pr4nttt(i for tli« Proprietor of the " RIibrob or Paruauknt,' 3, Abingdon Stviti't, Wettminattir, Y i4 m 4 ^ il\ r. -■;■*<. i ■i-'-r'