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PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 The object of the writer of the following short Essays is 
 to place the subject of Infidelity in so plain and concise a 
 form before the minds of general readers, as to make it easy 
 for those who have not time nor opportunity to read books 
 on the subject, of more extensive and elaborate form. 
 
 If my design in this, my first effort, adds to the defence 
 of Truth against Error and Atheism, I will feel myself highly 
 gratified that I have given a helping hand to the active 
 ministers of the Gospel, and friends of Divine truth. 
 
 I have mentioned some of the ancient Greek philosophers 
 on purpose to show the difference and contrast between 
 them and modern Darwinian Agnostics and Positivists of the 
 present time, and that the ancient Greeks were men of 
 higher and purer conceptions of thought than the Free- 
 thinkers of the present day, although they lived in darker 
 times. 
 
 J. S. 
 
LP 
 
 ^soi^ /S<S^ ^G/6 
 
 c-y/. 
 
True religion can not suffer by its principles being thor- 
 oughly investigated, and enlightened conclusions are also 
 likely to convince the Sceptic. The state of religion in the 
 present time is momentous, and presses on its advocate to 
 *^ Stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made him 
 free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage." 
 
 Natural philosophy seems to be the machinery which the 
 Materialists, Agnostics and Atheists now employ to over- 
 throw the principles of the Christian religion, and involve 
 the human race in worse than Antideluvian and Babylonian 
 darkness. 
 
 It is because some men are ** without God, and without 
 hope in the world," they wish to obscure the atmosphere of 
 truth, and lead men into the paths of libertinism in which 
 they themsel alk ; or to get a name as innovating philo- 
 
 sophers, who can lead the minds of untaught men back into 
 worse than primeval darkness. And it is because these 
 philosophers have the " magic of a name," as discoverers of 
 phenomena in the fauna axid Jiora of foreign countries, and 
 the geological strata of the globe, that they may lead men 
 astray. They are naturalists, botanists, geologists, &c, and 
 seem wiser than other men, and wish to appear so to the 
 public, that they may have blinded followers. These may 
 do infinite harm to simple and sincere believers in revelation. 
 
 /ao4s^^ 
 
—4— 
 
 The discoveries of Newton and Herschel, and the writ- 
 ings of Dick, have done much good to the cause of truth 
 and science ; but those men were Christians ; their dis- 
 coveries "display the glory of God, and show forth His 
 handiwork." They demonstrate the being of God, and con- 
 firm the believer in his faith in the Scriptures. 
 
 While the Darwins, the Spencers, the Comptes, the 
 Huxleys, the Tyndals, &c., of modern times, have, by their 
 vain philosophy, caused many to rest their faith on second 
 causes, and leave God, the great First Cause, out of the 
 question. 
 
 The Materialism of the present day seems to raise an idol 
 of its own, and to fall down and worship it. The theory, 
 or rather the hypothesis of evolution, is most deceptive in 
 its tendency, — many of its surmises are unverified, while 
 its advocates present it to the unlearned and credulous as 
 a system of true philosophy. But as long as such philosophy 
 remains unverified in any one pointy it is vain and deceptive, 
 and can not be accepted as established truth, much less can 
 such be regarded as an element of Christian faith. It seems 
 to be what the Apostle Paul warns men against in his 
 Epistles to the Ephesians and Colossians. (Eph. v. 6) : 
 " Let no man deceive you with vain words : for because 
 of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children 
 of disobedience. Again (Col. ii. 8) : " Beware lest any man 
 spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tra- 
 ditions of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not 
 after Christ." 
 
 In fine, no evolution as set forth in Darwin's " Origin ot 
 
the 
 
 Species," or his '• Descent of Man," can be accepted by the 
 person who believes in the being of a God, without disbe- 
 lieving the word of revelation. Nor can he accept evolution 
 in ethics, as taught by Herbert Spencer, and others of the 
 same class, without impairing his faith in the existence of 
 God, for all those forms of evolution are only inventions of 
 Agnostic Infidelity and blind Atheism. Evolution in Ethics 
 or Positivism has only for its purpose the denial of God's 
 beings and the worship of human intellect, as man improves, 
 mentally, from generation to generation. Therefore, their 
 only objects of adoration are, and will be, such men as 
 Homer, Virgil, Shakespeare, Socrates, Byron, Plato, Aristotle, 
 Charlemagne, Milton, Dante, Julius Caesar, Hypocrates, 
 Paul Leibnitz, Bacon,* David Hume, &c. These are cases 
 of mental evolution, and all such will be their only gods of 
 the future, — the modern mythology of the Positivists. From 
 all such let all believers of Christianity and the Bible turn 
 away. 
 
 No man need ever expect a Utopia upon earth. Upon 
 earth to find that would be impossible, while such views are 
 held by men in matters of religion. All man can do is to 
 conform to the golden rule, as near as possible. A strict 
 conformity to justice and truth is necessary to consolidate 
 the moral good of human society. The Christian religion 
 does not admit of persecution on account of difference in 
 the opinions of men ; they may be left to their own de- 
 
 ot 
 
 * Bacon, Shakespeare, Milton, (Sr'c, are not here mentioned or 
 classed as Pagans or Sceptics, but because they are specimens of 
 evolved intellect ; they are classed by the Positivists as cases of mental 
 excellence, worthy of their veneration. For the Positivists have no 
 god but humanity. 
 
de- 
 lusions, but let Christians of every shade of belief avoid the 
 infidelity of the times. For, as in the times of the French 
 Revolution, infidelity was one of the chief causes that led 
 to such bloodshed throughout Europe ; so let men cultivate 
 Scriptural Christianity as it leads to peace and good-will in 
 all nations as well as among men. 
 
 The following lines will clearly describe the effects of 
 both :— 
 
 Atheism paves the way 
 For mobish rule and Despot's sway ; 
 But Scripture truths inspire the mind 
 With motives just, for actions kind. 
 
 J. SINCLAIR, 
 
 Pres. Minister^ 
 
Lvoid the 
 t French 
 that led 
 cultivate 
 i-will in 
 
 fTects of 
 
 isier. 
 
 AN ESSAY-THE PRIMEVAL STATE OF MAN, 
 
 sbowhtg^ tsa sakoer and assubsxt? of 
 atheisic and aonosticish. 
 
 It is possible, and morally certain, that man, after his 
 creation, was in a state of innocence and purity ; but, after 
 his fall, his mind was darkened by sin. In this state, it is 
 recorded, that God left him to his own devices ; hence fallen 
 man had to search out, by observation of his senses, the 
 being and attributes of Deity ; so, till the time of Moses, 
 men were left to the darkness of their own imaginations, 
 without a written record. The flood came and all but eight 
 persons were swept from the face of the earth. All historj' 
 was traditional before the lime of Moses, who gave the first 
 reasonable record of creation. Reasonable, because it was 
 the only possible account or explanation of the truth as the 
 work of an Almighty hand, or an omniscient Being who 
 has existed through the ages of eternity. Before the light 
 of revelation men must have been in a st o of mental and 
 moral darkness concerning their own existe*ice, and the ex- 
 istence of things around them, — the visible universe, and 
 the origin of all things, and this darkness of mind continued, 
 with the exception of the Jewish nation, till the times of the 
 Redeemer, who, in the fullness of time, came and shed the 
 light of the Gospel on the minds of men who were in the 
 regions of moral darkness till His coming. For instance, 
 let us glance at the opinions of heathen wise men and philo- 
 sophers before the coming of Christ- Take some of the 
 wisest : Socrates and Plato, " they taught and believed in 
 
! , 
 
 — 8— 
 
 II 
 
 the immortality of the soul, and the existence of a supreme 
 Being," hut their ideas on these subjects were indefinite ; yet 
 they are called the wisest of the heathen philosophers. 
 Socrates died 400 years before Christ, and Plato 348 years 
 before Chnst. Homer, the greatest poet of the ancients, 
 " believed that water was the origin of all things ; " he died 
 907 years before Christ. Thales, one of the wise men of 
 Greece, ** looked upon water also as the origin of all things ; " 
 he died 548 years before Christ. Aneximander considered 
 " that the earth was formed in the shape of a cylinder, and 
 taught that men were bom of the earth and water mixed 
 together, and heated by the beams of the sun ; he con- 
 sidered the sun a circle of fire like a wheel, about 28 times 
 bigger than the earth;" he died 547 years before Christ. 
 Anaximines, a Gre^ k philosopher, said " that the air wa? the 
 cause or first beginning of every created being, and was a 
 self-existent divinity, and that the sun, moon, and stars had 
 been made from the earth. He considered that the earth 
 and the heavens were a solid figure on which the stars were 
 fixed like nails ; " he died 504 years before Christ. Leucippus 
 first invented the hypothesis of atoms and a vacuum ; he 
 died 428 years before Christ. 
 
 Lucretius, a Roman poet and philosopher, taught in his 
 great poem (De Rerum Natura), " that there is no God, and 
 denied also the immortality of the soul, and declared that all 
 things were at first formed from iht foriuiius concourse of 
 atoms meeting and striking in empty space (vacuum), and 
 forming all things animate and inanimate in the universe ; " 
 he died, by his own hand, in the 44th year of his age, 51 — 
 some say 54 — years before Christ. 
 
 The blessings Christianity conferred on mankind since 
 the days of heathen darkness have passed away, are now 
 menaced by a new sect called Agnostics, and, as the term 
 
— 9— 
 
 signifies, they profess to knoiv nothing but what is evident 
 to tlieir senses ; and, what seems most strange, they profess 
 to know that men at first were descended from monkeys ! 
 Charles Darwin, a modern naturalist, writes that men came 
 at first from monkeys, in the following process, viz. : ** From 
 a clot of slime in the depths of the sea, which, became a 
 piotoplasm, or first mould, which produced amoeba, which 
 produced sponges, which, in the course of an extent of time, 
 practically infinite^ became tailed apes or monkeys, whence 
 man was finally generated, and, through non-use of the tail, 
 man (ape) lost the tail during the Miocene period of geol- 
 ogy." A singular announcement by Mr. Darwin, who pro- 
 fesses to be an Agnostic (a know nothing), but the truth of 
 this rediculous hypothesis has never been proved, nor can 
 be shown, 
 
 Mr. Darwin must have understood that, arguments taken 
 from analogy are often very deceptive, for it does not follow 
 that because he finds that frogs and monkeys have four limbs 
 that bear a resemblance to the hands and feet of man, that, 
 therefore, he is a descendent of either. He might as well 
 conclude that man is a distant relative of the cayman of the 
 West Indies, or the crocodile of the Nile. 
 
 Professor Huxley says : — 
 
 " So long as a single link is wanting in Darwin's ' Origin 
 of Species,' &c., his hypothesis cannot be regarded as es' 
 tabhshed truth." » ' 
 
 And this opinion, is in a mere scientific point of view, 
 what can Christianity say in a gospel sense ? Mr. Darwin 
 may have contributed to science by som^ of his writings, 
 but has overstepped the line in his " Origin of Species " 
 and " Descent of Man." His Hypothesis on this subject 
 more resembles the incoherent language of the monoman- 
 
 (2) 
 
iac than the language of a philosopher. Here the chain is 
 broken, and the language of Pope will apply : — 
 
 ** From Nature's chain, whatever link you strike, 
 Tenth, or ten thousanth, breaks the chain aliku ; 
 The least confusion but in one, not all 
 That system only ; but the whole must fall." 
 
 As expressed by Bishop Lewis :— 
 
 " Truly, Agnosticism is a contradiction of terms. It as- 
 serts that we cannot know anything, and yet assumes to 
 know that we cannot know. As applied to God, it is a 
 cowardly name for Atheism. In its negation it becomes 
 ludicurously affirmative ; while denying God it affirms the 
 deity of matter." 
 
 If there be in Darwin's Hypothesis any semblance of 
 truth, why do not men come in a similar way from monkeys 
 still ? It is a false system to build men up in unbelief, and 
 to encourage the commission of sin and crime. 
 
 The men of the antideluvian age of the world were moved, 
 in a similar way, to deny God without fear. So did the men 
 after the flood, at Babel, when they were dispersed at the 
 confusion of languages. With such a theory of belief, men 
 would relapse into primeval darkness. The vain and de- 
 ceptive ingenuity (not philosophy) of Charles Darwin will 
 never overt^^um the faith of reasoning men, in the absolute 
 existence of a wise, great, and omnipotent God, who rules 
 the universe, whose attributes are made so obvious to the 
 human mind, by the mafks of infinite wisdom, and wise 
 design, in the works of creation. Well did the great Sage, 
 Carlyle, declare that, " Darwin is a man of very little 
 intellect." 
 
 If Darwin's " Origin of Species " were believed, and in- 
 culcated among men, and become the order of the day in 
 society, it Would destroy all moral responsibility, and degrade 
 
— tl — 
 
 man to a lower place in the scale of creation and beings than 
 did ever the darkest theories of heathen philosophers, for 
 some of them professed to believe in one Great Beingy and 
 in the immortality of the soul ; but Darwin seems to believe 
 in no God but matter, and this matter, according to his 
 belief, must have created itseK^ or is eternal, — two great 
 absurdities, according to man's ideas of cause and effect and 
 final causes^ or the evidences of design in the works of 
 creation. 
 
 A man may acquire fame as a philosopher, in classifying 
 ^'t fauna ai\d flora of the different regions of the earth, and 
 studying its geological structure, and when, after all that he 
 may have discovered, he turns around and says to the men 
 of the world, " These are all the results of chance, or the 
 operations of blind, inert matter." He then acts as a de- 
 stroyer of man's hope beyond the grave, and a polluter of 
 human society, and a moral enemy to his country. Such is 
 the tendency of Darwin's " Origin of Species and Descent 
 of Man." The outcome of all this is Socialism, Commun- 
 ism and Nihilism, in more monstrous forms than in the days 
 of the French Revolution. 
 
 Thomas Carlyle, the Sage of Chelsea, says : 
 
 " I have known three generations of the Darwins — grand- 
 father, father, and son; Atheists all. The brother of the 
 present famous naturalist, a quiet man, who lives not far 
 from here, told me that among his grandfather's effects he 
 found a seal engraven with this legend, * Omnia ex conchis^ 
 everything from a clam shell. I saw the naturalist not many 
 months ago ; told him I had read his * Origin of Species,' 
 and other books ; that he had by no means satisfied me that 
 men were descended from monkeys, but had gone far tvowards 
 persuading me that he and his so-called scientific brethren 
 had brought the present generation of English men very 
 near to monkeys. A good sort of man is this Darwin, and 
 
— 12 — 
 
 well meaning, but of very little intellect. Ah ! it is a sad 
 thing and terrible to see nigh a whole nation of men and 
 women, professing to be cultivated, looking around in a pur- 
 blind fashion, and finding no God in the universe. I sup- 
 pose it is a reaction from the reign of cant and hollow 
 pretence, professing to believe what, in fact, they do not 
 believe. All this is what we have got to. AH things from 
 frog-spawns — the gospel of dirt, the order of the day. The 
 older T grow — and now I stand on the brink of eternity — 
 the more comes back to me the sentence in the Catechism 
 which I learned when a child, and the fuller and deeper its 
 meaning becomes : * What is the great end of man ? To 
 glorify God and enjoy Him for ever.' No gospel of dirt 
 teaching that men have descended from frogs through 
 monkeys will ever set that aside." 
 
 Genesis i. 26. Here it is recorded that God, after mak- 
 ing the inferior animals, made man as a special and distinct 
 being, quite distinct from other beings of inferior rank, giv- 
 ing him the intellect and power to rule over all, this, man, 
 in all his states, has succeeded in doing. 
 
 The savage as well as the enlightened has, by his inven- 
 tions, overcome the fiercest animals, which demonstrate that 
 he was created a quite different order of being. 
 
 A Professor, in a lecture on the subject of Evolution, 
 says : 
 
 " Man, in his earliest European advent, was the equal of 
 modern man. Nor do we find any where any link graduat- 
 ing from man towards the rank of the brutes. The apes 
 have a geneological tree. We trace them back to the begin- 
 ning of the tertiary times. Man has no geneological tree ; he 
 stands apart as if he had been the product of an inde- 
 pendent organization. However this may be, he is most 
 closely related in plan of organization to ti.e other kingdom. 
 The facts, in short, are such that we may, with Walace, hold 
 to the evolution of the oth^r animals, and yet not embrace 
 the doctrine of the evolution of man." * — Professor Winchell. 
 
 * The writer here declares his disbelief in evolution so call(*d. 
 
lElORIAL LIHES ON THE 6EIN& OF m 
 
 Is) 
 
 Creative power in God siHseeing, 
 First caused msEtter to have a being ; 
 T'was that Spirit, the mighty three, 
 Made order and species iir^ to be ; 
 Then, to finish the mighty plan, 
 God said, " Let us make man.^ 
 
 f 
 
 It is made plain by natural laws. 
 Effects can^ exi^ without a cause *; 
 The effect, itself displays design, 
 Intelligence of Almighty mind : 
 Withoiit a cause can be no notion 
 Of the phenomena of motion. 
 
 What caused the stars to run their race. 
 In orbits true, through boundless space ? 
 Olobes* inert matter would ever stan*l 
 Unless propelled hy a mighty hand ; 
 Making perfect motion in their spheres, 
 Measuring true both times and years ; 
 
 Making it plain to human reason, 
 To calculate the time and season. 
 Inert matter would ever stand 
 Except propelled by a mighty hand. 
 T*was this which caused the fix'd relation 
 Between matter's rest and gravitation ; 
 
 Which law suspends, in orbic race. 
 The planets throughout infinite space. 
 Behold those planets, as they run 
 In peifect orbit round the sun ; 
 Around the sun these moving spheres 
 Perform their course in divers years, 
 
 Yet, move with regularity profound. 
 
 They ever pass in orbits round. 
 
 Let men survey earth's varied fanes, 
 
 And say blind chance has raised those towers ; 
 
 As well might earthquakes do the same. 
 
 And wrecks of floods build fleets of powei-s : 
 

 i I 
 
 —14— 
 
 Anct what are fleets of every natioir 
 
 Compared to works of God's creation ? 
 
 Castles can't raise themselves erect, ! 
 
 Without design of architect ; 
 
 And what's in man's experience greater 
 
 There can't be laws without a legislator. 
 
 These laws of God, in ^ace profound, 
 Propel the stars in orbits round ; 
 For ever singing as they shine, 
 ** The hard that made us is diviner" 
 The mind of man, and animal instinct, show 
 The omniscient God created all below ; 
 
 Without this faith there can't be true conjecture 
 
 About the Universe's glorious architecture. 
 
 These facts proclaim to men of sense 
 
 The wisdom of omnipotence ; 
 
 Lucretius, Darwin, Voltaire, Payne, ^'c, 
 
 Have wr.tfen their dioughts, both base and vain. 
 
 But the truth God 16 will still remain. 
 
 J. S, 
 
 A learned writer says : — 
 
 " After careful study of all the theories proposed, inde- 
 pendently of revelation, we conclude that the first constituent 
 atoms of the earth must have been created by some power 
 or force, not inherent in matter ; and that these particles 
 came into being as simple elements, all at the same time, 
 forming a confused and shapeless mass. But a mixture of 
 new created elements would not long remain quiescent or 
 at rest, as they were endowed with chemical qualities and 
 affinities, producing motion and combustion rapidly, so as 
 to produce light. This must have been the light of the first 
 day of creation, when God said, " J-et there iJ light,'^ as the 
 sun, moon and stars did not appear till the fourth day. The 
 origin of all things is ascribed to God. It is reiterated that 
 
—15— 
 
 God commanded, God saw, God created, and approved. 
 The creation of the world had been delegated to no inferior ; 
 so, too, the creative work was performed in a manner worthy 
 of the Supreme Being. It was accomplished with infinite 
 ease. " Let there be light," said the Creator, and instantly 
 the universe was illuminated. It was an invisible energy 
 that permeated the world of atoms, and developed fishes, 
 fowls, and quadrupeds, and adapted them to move in their 
 several spheres. While other nations believed in their imag- 
 inary gods, the Jews, though surrounded by idolators, were 
 thus effectually taught to believe in one great power above 
 all else. Man's humble origin from the dust of the ground 
 was fitted to teach him lessons of dependence, when reflect- 
 ing upon his relations to the Deity, while his high endow- 
 ments of mind showed his superiority over the brute animal." 
 
 The Scriptures given by God to man were not to teach 
 him philosophy but to explain the simple phenomei a of the 
 universe, as they appeared to his senses. Abstract science 
 was left by the Creator to man's intelligence, with which 
 God endowed him when He gave Adam the intuitive mental 
 power of giving names to the different species of animals. 
 (Gen. ii. 19, 20.) But this intuitive power of intellect was 
 intended by the Creator to be enlarged in man's experience 
 and observation. So there was ample scope to Adam and 
 his posterity for the exercise of their mental powers, which 
 was not given to the inferior part of creation. Hence, 
 philosophy and science are perfectly justifiable in the eyes 
 of God, so far as they minister to the glory of God, and the 
 well-being of man ; but the philosopher is not to use* science 
 to dishonour God, or debase the human race ; for this would 
 be to turn the world into a pandemonium. 
 
 But when man directs his mind to the study of science it 
 ought to be for the promotion of truth, of virtue, and the 
 glory of God. Such were the motives of Bacon when he 
 discovered and explained his method of inductive philoso- 
 

 — 16— 
 
 phy, practised by Newton, which led to the finding out of 
 the law of gravitation — a law which holds the heavenly 
 bodies, the planets^ &c., in their courses or orbits as they 
 revolve through infinite space. Such adds to the glory of 
 the Creator, and shows the wisdom and immensity of His 
 power. But for Charles Darwin to trace the descent of man 
 from a clot of slime in the depths of the sea is a degredation 
 of human thought, only to be deprecated and rejected as a 
 monstrous absurdity. 
 
 Lord Bacon, in his essay, says : — 
 
 " A little philosophy inclineth a man's mind to Atheism, 
 but depth in philosophy bringeth man's mind about to re- 
 ligion, for while the mind looketh upon second causes scat- 
 tered, it may rest in them and go no farther ; but when it 
 beholdeth the chain of them confederated and linked to- 
 gether, it must needs fly to Providence and Deity." 
 
 Pope says : 
 
 " Hope springs eternal in the human breast ; 
 Man never is, but alway to be blest ; 
 The soul, uneasy and confined at home, 
 Rests and expatiates on a life to come : ^ 
 But, take this hope away of being heaven'^ heir, 
 Man dies in doubt, black darkness, and despair; 
 But hallowed thoughts that on the "Rock of Ages" rest, 
 Dispel all gloomy fears from the believer's breast."*^ 
 
ATHEISM AND DEISM REFUTED. 
 
 . The words of a learned divine are the following : 
 
 *< Of all the false doctrines and foolish opinions which ever 
 infested the mind of man, nothing can possiMy equal that 
 of Atheism, which is such a mon :rous contradiction of all 
 evidence, to all the powers of understanding, and the 
 dictates of common sense, that ft may be well questioned 
 whether any man can really fall into it by a deliberate use of 
 his judgment." 
 
 It is impossible for the mind to conceive, even a plausible 
 conjecture, how the universe came into existence without the 
 infinite power and intelligence of the Supreme Being, who 
 gave the things that are their first existence. Blind, inert 
 matter could not create itself, much less could it give ex- 
 istence to the mind. Could the clod of the valley create the 
 mind of the philosopher, the divine, the mechanic, or the 
 farmer ? Impossible ! The existence of the human mind 
 could have no possible cause but that of Deity, from which it 
 emanated or received its first being, with all its powers of 
 thought and will. Matter alone could never have produced 
 an inferior animal^ with its instincts, its wonderful aptitudes 
 in providing for its young, and the continuation of its kind. 
 Mere matter could never have created such beings with such 
 aptitudes, capabilities, and power of thought and contriv- 
 ance in building their nests, providing for and preserving 
 their young — therefore, no man, with reason or power of 
 tliinkmg, can deny the existence of a great, powerful and 
 all-wise God, whose intelligence and almighty hand formed 
 the imiverse. If this be granted — and it cannot be reason- 
 abllf denied — the same great Being could inspire his servants, 
 
 ^ (4) 
 
I I '< 
 
 —18— 
 
 the prophets, and apostles, to do miracles and prophesy, to 
 convince man of his power to overrule the opposition of 
 wicked men in the early ages of the world. 
 
 By this step of reason, we come to speak of the inspira- 
 tion of the Bible, and the miracles recorded in the Old and 
 New Testaments. Having proved that there is an all-powei- 
 ful and qmniscient God, who created and gave laws to both 
 matter and mindi can it be possible that this same God could 
 not inspire men to perform miracles, and give a faithful 
 history of such facts in the times in which they were 
 performed ? 
 
 Take the miracles performed by Moses and Aaron in 
 Egypt Here we have the history of a people held in bond- 
 age by a heathen tyrant for a long series of time ; — there 
 appeared to be no hope that the tyrant would let them free. 
 Hence, we find it recorded that the God of Israel sent Moses 
 and Aaron before this tyrant, and enabled them to perform 
 miracles which overawed Pharaoh and his people so that the 
 niler of Egypt let the children of Israel free. Here was a 
 whole nation made free by the manifestation of miracles, 
 wrought by the power which God gave to Moses and Aaron, 
 in the sight of both Egyptians and Israelites, yet neither 
 people could deny the public facts. Then, if the history of 
 those facts could not be denied, and were not denied at the 
 time of their performance, it is plain that they could not be 
 denied, as the Egyptians themselves were so convinced that 
 they were true miracles that Pharaoh and his people let their 
 captives, the children of Israel, free. All saw the miracles, 
 yet none could prove them to be false, as they were done 
 in the presence of all men, in opposition to the Egyptian 
 magicians. 
 
 Again, Moses and Aaron led the people of Israel to the 
 Red Sea ; here they had to halt in their march as the ocean 
 
 
 
 fXi 
 
—19— 
 
 prevented them from making a single step in advance. 
 Pharoah, with his host in quick persuit, when all human 
 means of escape seemed, to the children of Israel, impossi- 
 ble, when the word of the Lord came to Moses (Ex. xiv.) 
 The history of this miracle, if it could be proved to be a 
 fiction at the time, would not some of them have said at the 
 time, or after the time of the miracle, that such a miracle 
 never took place ? But no such denial, or even doubt of 
 the miracle, was ever expressed by the Israelites ; though all 
 witnessed it, none could deny that it was done by the power 
 of God. 
 
 Here were 600,000 men, women, and children in the 
 exercise of their senses, looking on the miracle of crossing 
 the Red Sea, and no one could or did call in question that 
 miracle, although the Israelites were inclined, before they 
 saw the miracle, to murmur against Moses. (Ex. xiv. lo-i 2.) 
 After this miracle, they all joined Moses in singing the song 
 of triumph : " The horse and his rider hath He thrown into 
 the sea." (Ex. xv.) 
 
 The many miracles recorded by Moses will bear the same 
 test as the crossing of the Red Sea. 
 
 Since that time, all Jewish^ records, usages and customs, 
 with the whole Jewish policy, confirm the same, both in 
 ecclesiastical and national history, together with their cere- 
 monies in forms of worship, till this day. 
 
 The same kind of argument aifd proof can be used to 
 prove the authenticity of the miracles wrought by our Lord 
 and Saviour Jesus Christ, as He performed them in the 
 presence of the Jewish people at the time of His ministry 
 among men ; and they believed, and many were convinced 
 that His miracles were the manifestation of Divine power. 
 Neither Jew nor heathen could confute them at the time they 
 
"V^BI 
 
 — 20 — 
 
 : 
 
 were performed by Christ ; and, only since that time, Deists, 
 Atheists, and Infidels have mocked His miracles, but could 
 not disprove them. 
 
 Again, the fulfilment of prophesy proves the authenticity 
 of the Scriptures. Take the 53 chapter of Isaiah, fulfilled 
 in the sufferings and death of the Saviour on Calvary's cross, 
 where it says : '* He was wounded for our transgressions, He 
 was bruised for our iniquities : the chastisement of our peace 
 was upon Him ; and with His stripes we are healed." And 
 again in the same chapter, 9th verse : '* He made His grave 
 with the wicked ; " and last clause of the 12th verse : 
 " And He was numbered with the transgressors ; and He 
 bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the trans* 
 gressors." Such direct language could not have been used 
 by the Prophet to express the sufferings and atonement of 
 Christ, unless the Spirit of the most High God had inspired 
 him. Isaiah lived about 760 years before Christ. 
 
 The Prophet here describes the sufferings of Christ almost 
 as if he were looking upon the dying Saviour in His agony 
 on Calvary. No Jew can explain this chapter away, as it 
 bears so exactly on the atonement 01 Christ, and His suffer- 
 ings for men who will repent of their sins. 
 
 Again, the prophesies of Christ, concerning the destruc- 
 tion of Jerusalem, had their fulfilment in the destruction of 
 that city, in the times of the Emperors, Vespasian and 
 Titus, when Jerusalem was taken by the Romans, and all 
 were tak-^n captive or put to death. Vespasian was the first 
 of the Roman Emperors who died a natural death, and was 
 also the first of the Emperors who was succeeded by his 
 own son on the thrown. Christ's prophesy, in the 24th 
 chapter of Matthew, was, literally, fulfilled in the destruction 
 of Jerusalem. The institution of the, Lord's supper was 
 
 ^- 
 
 ^e^i^t^^ 
 
me, Deists, 
 but could 
 
 Jthenticity 
 h fulfilled 
 ry's cross, 
 fsions, He 
 our peace 
 Jd." And 
 ^is grave 
 h verse : 
 and He 
 ^e trans* 
 •en used 
 Jment of 
 inspired 
 
 t almost 
 5 agony 
 y, as it 
 s suffer- 
 
 iestruc- 
 :tion of 
 m and 
 nd all 
 le first 
 id was 
 3y his 
 24th 
 Jction 
 r" was 
 
 — 21— 
 
 appointed by the Saviour before His death on the cross, and 
 has been observed by all Christians since the days of His 
 ministry among men, and will be observed till the end of 
 time, in commemoration of His sufferings and death. Since 
 that time His gospel has prevailed in opposition to the de- 
 vices of the wicked, though only at first proclaimed by the 
 ])oor, illiterate fishermen of Gallilee. The Atheist and 
 Deist may mock, but their mockings are in vain. Since the 
 time of Christ, science, civilization, and power have increased, 
 and light and knowledge, both temporal and spiritual, have 
 made many of the nations of the earth great and happy. 
 
 These results can only be ascribed to the influence of the 
 gospel of truth, which elevates the human mind in the hope 
 of happiness beyond the grave ; while the unbeliever and 
 Atheist are " without hope and without God in the world." 
 
 The Bible exceeds every other book for its antiquity, and 
 is vastly superior to the time from which it sprung, in its 
 literature, in its comprehensiveness and importance. 
 
 Sir Isaac Newton said : " The Scripture is the most sublime 
 philosophy," 
 
 Sir Wm. Tones said : — 
 
 •' • 
 
 " I am of opinion that the Holy Scriptures, independent 
 of their divine origin, contain more true sublimity, more 
 exquisite beauty, more important and finer strains of both 
 poetry and eloquence, than could be collected from any other 
 books." 
 
 The great astronomer. Sir John Herschel, says : — 
 
 " All discoveries seem to be made only for the purpose of 
 confirming more and more strongly the truths contained in 
 the Holy Scriptures." 
 
 This seems to be a true observation from the following 
 texts, (Job xxvi. 7) : " He stretcheth the north over the 
 
I , 
 
 — 22 — 
 
 empty space (vacuum), and hangeth the earth upon nothing." 
 A prophesy, it would seem, concerning the law of gravita- 
 tion. Again, (Daniel xii. 4) : ** Many shall nm to and fro, 
 and knowledge shall be increased." This seems to refer to 
 travelling by steam and the propagation of the gospel. The 
 spirit of inspiration could only have predicted in these words 
 the facts of the present time. 
 
 Infinet the Bible gives a more enlightened account of 
 creation, of the origin of life, of mind, of matter, of the 
 universe, and of all things that exist, than any other book 
 or creed in the world. Atheists, Fositivists, and Materialists 
 have no ground to reason from but inert matter, which has 
 no power to create itself, nor to give life to animals, much 
 less to give life and mind to man. Life and mind are phe- 
 ncminal existences, which only can be accounted for by the 
 belief in the being of an ail-wise and omnipotent God, whose 
 attributes are beyond pan's comprehension, and " whose 
 ways are past finding out." Hence the Genesis and Biogenesis 
 given by the Creator to Moses is the only true, and even 
 plausible account, that the minds of reasonable men can 
 accept or Christians can believe. All the hypothical non- 
 sense devised by Sceptics and Atheist have totally failed 
 from absence of proof. The most minute spores, or semina, 
 or infusiora having the germs of life or vitality, owe their 
 vital existence to God, as directly as does the whale of the 
 ocean, or the elephant of the plain. If there be any evolu- 
 tion, it does not change the species or genera of created 
 things; all things are as they were from the beginning. 
 Domestication, care of man, and change of place and cir- 
 cumstance, may have improved the species of inferior 
 animals, but has ^lot changed their nature. The wild 
 elephant and tiger of India are still the same fierce animals 
 from the earliest times. 
 
 
 
—23— 
 
 3n nothing/' 
 of gravita- 
 te and fro, 
 to refer to 
 3spel. The 
 :hese words 
 
 account of 
 ter, of the 
 ther book 
 Materialists 
 which has 
 lals, much 
 ^ are phe- 
 for by the 
 3d, whose 
 " whose 
 biogenesis 
 nd even 
 men can 
 cal non- 
 \y failed 
 ■ semina, 
 w^e their 
 J of the 
 y evolu- 
 created 
 ginning, 
 md cir- 
 inferior 
 le wild 
 mimals 
 
 'I 
 
 A' 
 
 ^' 
 
 Some animals have become extinct, as the moa and dodo 
 
 )f New Zealand, and the penguin or great awk, even re- 
 
 :ently. These facts only show that species of animals have 
 
 md are becoming, extinct. But we do not ^ know or read of 
 
 [any new species coming into existence by the supposed 
 
 [process of evolution. The majority of geologists conclude 
 
 ;that four or five distant epochs of destruction and* renewal 
 
 may have taken place, and can be traced in the organic 
 
 remains contained in the different strata ; in other words, 
 
 that whole groups have been swept at once from existence 
 
 by some powerful catastrophe, and their places supplied by 
 
 other races, called into existence by the creating energy of 
 
 the Almighty. This would imply that the hypothesis of 
 
 evolution is a mere figment, invented by the Sceptic to evade 
 
 the truth that " God created and gave order to all things in 
 
 the universe." 
 
THE ABSURDITY OF HATERIAUSH. 
 
 Of all forms of human belief, none could possibly be more 
 unmeaning than to think that mere matter could form or 
 produce all things which exist in the universe without the 
 intervention of mind; and that mind must have been both 
 omniscient and omnipotent, for all things animate display 
 both power and wisdom. Unconscious matter alone could 
 never have produced animal life and thought. Between 
 purely vital aiid purely physical action, not the faintest 
 analogy has ever been shown to exist. The living world is 
 absolutely distinct from the non-living world, or matter, com- 
 pared with the antiquity of matter. Probably, the phenomena 
 of life may have been very recent, and an addition to it, not 
 of a refined kind of material force, but a transcendent energy, 
 conferred on matter which controls and regulates both 
 matter and its forces according, it may bey to laws, but not 
 the laws of inert matter. Matter may have existed before 
 life, even a very indefinite time. Before the Creator caused 
 life to exist, matter may have existed millions of years in 
 the formation of our globe ; as the researches of geolog;' 
 may have made plain to thinking minds. Hencei the phe- 
 nomena of life is a very distinct principle from matter, and 
 can only be explained in this way^ viz. : That the Creator 
 gave that living principle as a ruling agent in connection 
 with and after the rude elements of matter were brought 
 into being. 
 
 Materialism, which leads to Atheism, has been half ac- 
 cepted by hundreds of persons during the last few years. 
 The writings of Darwin and other modem Sceptics, have 
 (5) 
 
--26— 
 
 led many into this error. The Materialistic doctrines seem 
 to accept, as a truth, that the non-living and living are one 
 and the same, and that every living thing is just as much a 
 machine as a watch, a windmill, or hydraulic apparatus. 
 According to material contention, everything owes its exist- 
 ence to properties of the material out of which it is con- 
 structed. But is it not strange that it never seems to have 
 occured to the Materialistic devotee, that neither the watch, 
 the steam engine, the windmill, the hydraulic apparatus, 
 nor any other machine known to, or made by, any individual 
 in this world, is dependent for its construction upon the pro- 
 perties of the material particles of the matter out of which 
 its several parts have been constructed ? The simple truth 
 is, that the essential phenomena of all living beings cannot 
 be explained without recourse to some hypothesis of power 
 totally different from any of the known forms of power, or 
 modes of mechanical energy peculiar to matter. Materialism 
 may be called a chief element in the Atheistic creed, but''^ 
 vital energy which sustains and gives action to mind in the 
 suggestive operation of thought, must differ widely from any 
 quality in matter ; the materialism, then, of the Sceptic, 
 becomes a chimera of the human brain. It is because the 
 Atheist cannot deny the existence of matter he deifies it as 
 matter of necessity, for he might as well deny his own existr 
 ence as the existence of matter. 
 
 David Hume once made an attempt to deny the existenc 
 of matter, by reasoning from Bishop Berkley's " Theory of 
 Ideas," as that writer said in his ** Principles of Human 
 Knoivledge^^ that what are called material objects are nothing 
 more than impressions on the mind, or what we would call 
 ideas ; therefore, it is only the idea we reason from that we 
 can know the existence of external objects, so Hume drew 
 his conclusions from this theory of Bishop Berkley. This 
 
 
 i 
 
t-" 
 
 f 
 
 —27— 
 
 eflTort of Hume to deceive men about the reality of matter 
 was a piece of the most absurd sophistry. It shows what 
 men who are infidels will do to deceive others and gain 
 followers and dupes. But neither the philosophical tran- 
 scendentalism of Berkley, nor the palpable scepticism of 
 Hume, will, in any way, effect or destroy man's belief in his 
 own material personality, nor his belief in the substantial 
 existence of material objects around him. The object of 
 the Atheist and Infidel is to destroy all ground of the 
 Christian's hope, and leave nothing in its place. 
 
 But all efforts of the wicked have been in vain to accom^ 
 plish this end. To blot the idea of an all- wise God from the 
 minds of men has been the fixed intention of all infidel 
 writers since the beginning of time. But the religion of 
 Christ, the Saviour of men, has resisted all their efforts. 
 While the pantheism of Greece and Rome have van ished 
 from the world, the superstitious forms of religion in heathen 
 lands are yielding to the truths of Christianity, and the clouds 
 of error are being dispelled by the light of the gospel. The 
 Christian's hope gives peace to man /tere, and elevates his 
 mind to contemplate the glories and happiness of heaven 
 beyond the grave, while all other forms of religion leave him 
 in doubt, darkness and despair. 
 
 The Lucretian system of infidelity was, that the universe 
 was at first formed by a concourse of infinite atoms passing 
 through infinite and empty space, apd, striking against one- 
 another, formed the worlds. 
 
 The Darwinian sysw,im of infidelity represents to the men 
 of the world, of the present time., that men were at first 
 descended from a clot of slime in the depths of the sea, and, 
 after passing through various changes, became monkeys and 
 then men. This hypothesis seems to be as absurd a myth 
 
—28— 
 
 as the nativity of Venus from the /roth of the sea, or the 
 birth of Minerva from the brain of Jupiter ; a mosl rediculous 
 element of agnostic belief ! 
 
 Mr. Darwin's hypothesis that man was at first eifolved 
 from a clot of slime in the depths of the sea, will appear 
 quite absurd from the following argument : Evolution of a 
 living being cannot be conceived or predicated of inert mat- 
 ter, for it requires animal life to exist, either in embrio or in 
 addition to matter, before life can exist in matter ; for all 
 forms of animal and vegetable life or vit?*lity are quite dis- 
 tinct from inert matter ; to speak of spontaniety of life in 
 mere matter, is absolute nonsense. 
 
 I St. The most minute spores or semena or infusoria^ owe 
 their vital existence to God direct, as the Giver of all life, as 
 certainly as does the whale of the ocean, or the elephant of 
 the plain, through their species, which was at first brought 
 into being by His creative power. 
 
 2nd. Vital motion is quite different from mechanical 
 motion ; the former is self-moving, the latter is moved by 
 some power external to itself. 
 
 3rd. All modes of life and motion are entirely distinct 
 from inert matter. 
 
 4th. All modes of action and motion of inert matter are 
 either produced by vital or mechanical forces. , 
 
 5th. Matter, being unconscious, is destitute of mercy and 
 
 justice, and devoid of reason and intelligence^ — could form no 
 
 aws of Providence such as are seen in the adaptation of 
 
 t eans to certain ends, which are conspicuous in the works 
 
 of creation. 
 
 The hypothesis of the Lucretian Materialist, that all 
 things having life, and life itself, have been caused 2X first by 
 
 4 
 
-29— 
 
 cosmic nebulosity, and the gyrations of infinite everlasting 
 atoms passing through infinite space and striking against 
 each other, and forming globes and worlds, ure but the in- 
 ventions of Atheism and materialistic folly. 
 
 As to Darwin's hypothesis, that man was first evolved 
 from a clot of slime in the sea, will appear quite absuid, as 
 life is a very different phenomenon from inert matter. To 
 speak of spontaniety of life in mere matter is absolute non- 
 sense. If any living being could evolve from mere matter, 
 then inert matter might become the copious fountain of 
 animate beings without living progenitors. But the per- 
 sistency of species in both animal and vegetable beings in 
 the world, shows plainly that evolution is a mere chimera of 
 the brain of the man who wishes to eliminate God from 
 the universe. Every living being, from man to the lowest 
 animal, must have a parentage^ or they cannot come into life 
 without an animate cause. Every being, both animal and 
 vegetable, must bring fonh after its kind. 
 
 All remains of man which are found in the tertiary strata 
 of the globe, have iheir living representatives in the present 
 race of living men, and these remains are only found in very 
 recent deposits, and distinct from other animal fossils, which 
 are the remains of inferior animals which have long passed 
 away ; showing man to be the last of God's creation^ and 
 proving that the Mosaic account is authentic and reasonable. 
 
 In conclusion, it is evident that evolution, as held and 
 taught by mod.ern freethinkers, is a figment of Atheism which 
 has for its object the change of human thought and belief to 
 palpable absurdity, viz. : To ascribe the creation of all 
 animal beings to inert matter. These modem Sceptics 
 would have men to believe this absurdity instead of the 
 Bible. The Mosaic account of creation is to be swept out 
 
—30— 
 
 of existence, and the guesses of two atheistic philosophers 
 are to be substituted instead of Scripture truth. If such a 
 revolution of faith should take place generally in society, 
 then we might bid adieu to justice and order among men. 
 It is evident that, so far as Atheism prevails, oaths in courts 
 of justice can be of no use. 
 
 Dr. Paley says :-— 
 
 " Remove once out of heaven God, who rules the universe, 
 and there will never be any God upon earth. If man's 
 nature had not something of subjection in it to a Supreme 
 Being, and inherent principles obliging him how to behave 
 himself towards God, and towards the rest of the world, 
 government could never have been introduced or thought of. 
 Nor can there be the least mutual security between governors 
 and governed where no God is admitted. For it is the ac- 
 knowledging of God in His supreme judgment over the 
 world, that is the ground of an oath, and upon which the 
 validity of human engagements depends." 
 
 It must be plain to every sane mind, that the Giver of all 
 life at the beginning of time must have been one independent 
 Being, or Divine energy, which gave all things their existence 
 at first 
 
 The human mind is incapable of forming any other idea or 
 belief. Man's imagination may wing its flight to the regions 
 of immensity, and within the compass of human thought, he 
 can find no object to rest upon but the omniscient, eternal, 
 and self-existing Jehovah, who alone gave life to all beings 
 on the globe, and fixed the genera and all species all animate 
 things ; therefore, the new doctrine of evolution is false, and 
 leaves no ground of reason to the Darwinian Agnostic on 
 which to build his supposed theory of his so-called evolution. 
 
 JAS. SINCLAIR. 
 
 ^V 
 
EIPLANATM OF THE PLAN OF THESE SHORT ESSAYS. 
 
 i, 
 .f. 
 rs 
 c- 
 le 
 le 
 
 lU 
 
 The object of the writer is to make the subject as plain 
 to the common reader as it possibly can be. 
 
 Bible Christianity of all denominations, without distinc- 
 tion, is one side of the subject, and Infidelity and Atheism 
 the other. While the want of sound reason, or a foundation 
 of human belief, on the part of the Atheist, is clearly shown, 
 the Bible Christian, of whatever denomination he may be- 
 long, has both the scriptural and philosophical arguments 
 made plain to his understanding. . The arguments here are 
 short and direct, so that they will be easily comprehended by 
 the current reader. 
 
 Hoping that this humble effort may aid in the spread of 
 Christian knowledge, when the darkness of Atheism and 
 Agnosticism are now making strong efforts to benight the 
 minds of men, by unsound reasoning and philosophy falsely 
 so called. 
 
 This little work, as a short treatise, may give some light 
 where it is now wanting* 
 
 J. a 
 
JAMES HOPE & Co., BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c.. OHAWA.