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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film6 A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'lmages n^cessaira. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thoda. t 3 3 1 ' -1 8 4 5 6 *Wf!W T f' \: ADDRESS or THl :;fk '■*>'•,; , i 1 7 1* O Ji jf:i ' „.. id 1 frn 3BT 'in w t h ■V "i /<■ ' ■ll' ;'•? ./.( ariT , - * J. > f . i .', ; / :") . w.'x'u J K'j ':^:r*; Lnoji'j W'Vt. / ) ! T^ 4 »!.,>©-«»,:. I '-'t » ADDRESS OF THB >l *: :'\ €0n^tihiwml mmtx0% TO THE PEOPLE OF UPPER CANADA. REFORM CONVENTION OF UPPER CANADA. On the 23d September, 1859, a meeting of the Oppoation MomberR of both Houses of Parlia- ment was held at the Boesui House, Toronto. It wao decided to summon a Convention of the liberal party of Upper Canada, to be held in Toronto on the 9th November then next The gratlemeu whose naiacs appear below were authorized to call the Convention. Th^ issued Mm foU.owing Circular : — - s. *• .'rl' .• • ToBONTO, 3rd October, 1869. DiAB Sib, — As you are no doubtalready aware, a meeting of the Upper Canada Fr.rliamentary Opposition was held at the .lo sin Mowe here on the 23rd September, to jonsider what steps should be taken in view oi the unsatisfactory position of public affairs, fhe meeting was largely attended by memb<'j of the Legislature, and th« conclusion was iin nimously arrived at that the financial and polii : irdingly reaolved to siunmoa » Qeneral Coavenciuu oi the Liberal party to be held at 1\»N>nto or the 9th No- vember, at noon, all who approve of the course of the present Parliamentary Oppotdtioa and desire to strengthen their hands, beiner in- vited to take part in the proceedings. Ilie object of the Convention will be to consider the whole aspect of public attain, and the best remedy for the admitted evils that exist — ^on- fettered by any restricticms. Supporters of the Opposition advocating a written constitution — m a dissolution of the itnion— Or a federal union •f all the British North American Evinces— or a federal system for Canada alone— or any other plui calculated in their opinion to meet the existing evils — are ell equally welcome to the Convention. The one sole object is to discnsB the whole subject with cahdour and without prejudice, that the best remedy may be found. The position of Upper Canada at this moment s truly anomalous p.nd alarming. With a popu- lation much more numerous than that of Lower Canada, and contributiig to tke general reVenne a much larger share of taxation than the sister Province, — Upper Canada tinrlg herself without power in the administration oi the affliirs of the Union. With a constitution professedly based •n the prindple tbat th( will of thA nii^oritj should prevail, a minority oi the people of Up- per Canada, by combinarion with the Lower Canada majority, are enahleil to rule the Upper Province in direct hostility to ftia popida^ will- Extnmigaat expenditures luad hmifal l«gida(iT9 measures are forced on us in defiance of the pro* ■RtM^n^MW* tMti of larg* majoritlM of the rcpreMntotivM of wift people — the most needful reformii are de- nied, Kad ofBoee of honour and emolument are eonferred on pcrRons destitute of popular sym- pathy, and without qualification beyond that of imhesitating subserviency to the men who mis- povern the country. Sn ;h a state of things is unendurable; and by our present movement, it is hoped to find a spoedy and pennanent remedy for the wrongs under which the country la- bours. There was Komo diificulty in arriving sit the best mode of obtaining delegates to the (inven- tion, from the absence in many of the o(m»titu- encies of any parly organization. It was finally deemed best to entrust the task of seciuring ac- tion in each constituency to tiie member of Par- liament representing it — if he sustains tlie Op- position ; and in other cases to the Opposition candidate at last general election, or other pro- minent Liberal, and leave him in consultation with other friends in the constituency to take , such steps for the election of a delegate as their local knowledge may best enable tliem to decide upon. Much discussion occurred as t :he number of delegates to be chosen, and it w is finally agreed that at least one delegate shou. i b. , .;'i 'I'l , Dear Sir, '■■ . ■ • ■; Ivj:;.!;'' , Tours truly, ADAM FERGUSSON, Caiman. ' WILLIAM McDOUGALL, "'■ JOHN SCOBLE, i Seeretaria. belegat ' were named, in pursuance of this call, in^ll the Counties and Ridings of Upper Oaoada, irith two or three exceptions,— and on th« 9th Xorember MambM h St Lawrenm Hall, Toronto, to the nomber of S70. The Convention was organized by the appointment of Hon. Adam Fergusson, of Woodhill.Piwddeot ; Hon. D. Christie, and D. A. McDonald, M.P.P., Vice-Presidents ; and Jno. Scoble and Alex. McKinnon. Ksqa., Secretaries. The Convention sat for thm; days and adopted the following Resolutions, with only three or four dissenting voices : — I Resolved — ^Tlial the existing XjCgislativc Union of Uppcu* and Lower Canada has failed to realize the anticipations of its promoters, has resulted in a heavy public debt, burdensome tax- ation, great political abuses, and universal dis- satisfaction throughout Upper (Janada ; and it is the matured conviction of this assembly, from the antagonisms developed through difference of origin, local interests, and other causes, that the Union in its present form can no longer be con- tinued with advantage to the people. '• •''■'•'rr ' 2. Resolved — That highly desirable as it would be, while the existing Union is nmintained, that local legislation should not l)e forced on one section of the Province against the wishes of a majority of the representatives of that section — yet this Assembly is of opinion that the plan of government known as the " Double Majority " would be no permanent remedy for existing evils 3. Resolved — That, necessary as it isthat strict (lonatitutional rcstraint.s on the power of the Le- gislature and Executive in regard to the borrow- ing and expenditure of money and other matters, should form part of any satisfactory change of the existing Constitutional system — yet the im- position of such restraints would not alone reme- dy the evils under which the country now labours. 4. Resolved, — That without entering on the discussion of other objections, this assembly is of opinion that the delay which must occur in obtaining the sanction of the Lower Provinces to a Federal Union of all the British North American Colonies, places that measure beyond consideration as a remedy for present evils. 5. Resolved, — That in the opinion of this as- sembly, the be^t practicable remedy for the evils now encountered in the government of Canada is to be found in the formation of two or more lo- cal governments, to which shall be committed the control of all matters of a local or sectional character, and some joint authority charged with such matters as are neceamrily common to both sections of the Frovinoe. ''■fi(k: \ .i^tMOibSF. T WW S, 5. Reaolved,--T\ui while the detaflo of the obugea proposed in the last ramlntion are ne- trily sabjeet fat fdtore arnuageoieot, jet this ably deems it imperatiye to declare that no gOTemment would be aatisfactory to the people of Upper Canada which is not baaed on the principle of Bepreaentation by Population. The Convnition also adopted the following Constitution for an Association to be forthwith organized, with branches in every constituency in Upper Canada : — CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM ASSOCI- ATION OF UPPER CANADA. ■ jLRnciiE I. TTie Constitutional Reform Association of Upper Canada is established for the purpose of~ 1 . Pnxjnring for the people of Upper Canada a L^ifllatnre and Qovernment which shall have the control of all matters of a local or sectional character. 2. Procuring the establishment of some joint authority charged with such matters as are ne- cesHuily common to both sections of the Pro- vinoe. 3. Procuring under an amended Constitution (hrther and I etter safeguards against extrava- gant public expenditure, and executive mal-ad- ministration. 4. Procuring the election to parliament of candidates pledged to the foregoing principles. ARTICLB II. The Association shall consist of all members of parliament, members of the press, and other per- sons, who shall subscribe this constitution, and conform to the by-laws of the Branch Associa- tion within whose jurisdiction they reside. n»*i ARTICLB III. The general affiiirs of the Association shall be managed by an executive committee, holding its first meeting in Toronto ; of which committee all members of Parliament subscribing to this constitation, and all presidents of branch asso- ciations, shall be members, with such other memben of the association as the committee may firom time to time elect The said committee may appoint its own officers, and adopt rules and by-laws, ten being a quorum for that pur- pose. _,-.-;... *. ........ ARTICLE rv. Branch Associations shall be organized in each assembly electoral division, at the most centftJ or convenient town or place, which shaU be managed by a president, as many vice-presi- deoti aB there are monicipalitia in the division, a secretary, a ti'eaaurer, and a Ibcal committee of not fewer than five persons. ARTICLE V. The members residing in any municipality may, under the vice-president of that municipal- ity, organize a suo-comiiiittee. ARTICLK VI. Meetings of the executive committee of branch associations, and of srib-coramittees, shall be held pursuant to adjournment, or at the call of the chairman, President, or Vice-Presid- ent, of which due notice shall be given. ARTICLE VII. Meetings for the election of officers, after the first meeting, shall be held annually on some day (of which due notice shall be given) in tho first week of December in each year. ARTICLE Vni. The funds of each branch association shall be subject to the disposal of the otficcrs and local committee thereof, or a majority of them, tor any purpose not inconsistent with the objects of the association. ARTIC1.R IX. The secretary of each branch uK«mni\iion shall, as soon as may be after their appointment, com- municate to the executive committee the names of the officers and local committees, and their re- spective post office address, and such other infor- mation, from time to time, as he or the President may deem advisable. On the evening of the last day of the Conven- tion, a meeting of persons designated in article 3, to the number required to form a quorum, was held, and the proposed associntion duly or- ganized. At a sccojd meetinc subsequently held, W. McDougall, Esq., M.P.P., was ap- pointed Secretary of the Executive Committee, and Hon. Donald McDonald, Treasurer. A committee was appointed to draft an Ad- dress to the people on the political affairs of the Provmce, and in support of the Resolutions adopted by the Convention. A draft was re- ported to the Executive Committee, at a meeting called to consider it, on the 15tli of Pebvary inst. A few amendments were made, ana the following Address was then unanimously adc^t- ted>- TO THE p £QpT^]g fewlewUngmennwylMveaiwnoiMlliitMwtlii mainUinlng Um present •tato of thingt — but I OF UPPEK CANADA. FEUX)W-CITIZEN,S, aMuredly the people of all politloal orteds itaad on oommoR ground in regard to It ; and it will be worst) than folly if wo permit party HtrifM to jeopardize the Just tiottlement of grrievances that A Convention of thi^ Lil)cral party of Upper threaten Berioiwly the prooperity of our country. Canada, in opprmition to the preHent Govern- We ask, then, .rom every Upper Canadian a oan- ment, waH held at Toronto, on 9th November last, did perusal of this address ; we auk him to Oti- to oonsidur the prettent unsatisfactory position of ticise with all free labours, 'llie Convention deemed it well that tion to our plan, and of any other remedy which an AddrcHs to the wli(;le people of Upper Canada they may suggest. should be prepare.1 an.l widely circulated We Iwlieve there are few persons hi Upper Ca- throughout the country, stjiting clearly the nada who have not arrived at the conviction that great abuscH, constitutional and administrative. ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ,^ j^e constitutioual rela- that have ariwMi — tiie remedies, in the opinion tlons of Upper and Lower Canada 1b impera- of the Convention, proper to be adopted— and the tively demanded. Where difference existB arguments by wliu;ii tiione remedies are bus- it is only as to the shape that change tained. should assume. Tlie members of tha Such is the origin of tliis document. In ad- present Government have themselves been dressing it to tlie whole people of Upper Caruula, forced by the influence of public opinion to place therefore, we desire not to have it appear officially on record ample admissions on this otherwise than an a party dociunent — as pro- point. Ldttlo more than a year ago, a depat»- ceeding from men in earnest opposition to the tion of three Cabinet MinisterB waa sent to Eng- present Administration, imd desirous of ejecting land to urge on the Imperial Oovenunent the them from office at the earliest possible moment, pressing necessity of Constitutional change* — We addiuHH it to men of all parties, because we and in an ofBclal letter to the Colonial HUdMer^ feel that a point litis !>een reached in the mis- dated 23rd October, 1868, and signed 1^ ttr. government of tlie ountry, and especially in the George E. Cartier, the present Premier, ilr, Jdiin wrong and injustice iiillictod on this section of R^gg^ President of the Council, and Mr. A. ^. it, when it becomes the interest and the duty of q^j^ Inspector General, the following passages all to forget their parti/jin feelings for the time, Qfj^Qj. . and unite their energies in accomplishing an «• jt ig our duty to state th&t my grave £jfituU- effective remedy of evils tu.d abuses universally .. ^ nfmpretent thmMlva in conAutrng Oit gmmnr admiUid and deplored. Reformers are no more u,„^o/CSiw«ia in such ft manner as to show due interested in the satisfiu^^ioiy settlement of the "r^rard to the wiBhes e so changed as to prevent hereafter the injustice aod abuses that have grown up under its opera- tioh. Nor can this be wondered at by any one who will examine the political and financial his- tory of Canada since the Union, and especially tittt of ttb iMit Hew yMiB. EFFECT OF THE tJHlOH OS THE FRO- OEEDIHOB OF THE LEOIBLATUBE. It was no light undertalcing, that of uniting under one Govomment and Legislature, two races having ditferent languages, tlitforent reli- gious foitii, difierent lucal habitu and institu- tions, and far removed from each other by the great stretch of country inhabited. 80 strongly was this felt by the stutusiitun ot 17U1, that it formed the ground on wliich tlie impe- rial Government of that day resolved to di- vide the colony into two HtpiiiiH.e i'roviucKt UH Upper and Lower Canada. While tlie Con- stitutional Act was before Parliament, William Pitt used the following language : — " If the Province wore not divided tiierc woi id " l>e o!»ly one House of Assembly ; and them be- " ing two parties, if those parties shoidd lie e(iiml " or nearly eq\ial In the Assembly, it would Ix: tic " source of perpetual faction. If one of the par- " ties should be much stronger than tlie other, " the other might justly compliiiii that they " were oppressed." In another purl df tlie -lune speech he suid, — " He iHilieved tliere wiik sMh u " rooted opposition of interests that if tliere wur a " constitution consisting of a House ol Atjsembly " in which the parties might be nearly balanced. " the consequence, at least for a long series of "years, would be, a great degree of animcsity "and confusion." Mr. Burlie altso used this language : — " An attempt to join people dissiinihiv U' >aw, " language, and manners, appeared to him hii^h- " ly absurd. To join, too, the conquerors and the " conquered must give rise to much unplen ant " feeling and many invidious distinctioni*." 'Ho "recommended that system of gnvernnicnt " which tended to promote the good <<( tlie iii- " dividual and the public, in oppositif^:. tu tlmt " which attempted to methodise anarchy." Tlie difScuIty of combining the two po{ nida- tions under one government was thus fully fi'cn and admitted at that early period. The impe- rial Government of 1840, however, in the hope of remedying evils that had arisen in Lower Canada, re-united the Provinces by an Act of the Imperial Parliament, which never re- ceived the assent of the people of Canada. NearJy twenty years have passed away since that . Act of Union, but the two Provinces aie almost at widely apart this day as when they were united. The two sections are represented in Parliament M Mpwatd ooontriw} the Provincial Cabinet BBi l! uuat ctinttiin rliHtinct and equal reproMntotion from the two wtctionit ; the Englivh and French langiuigm nre iiHod in all official dorumentn ; on the floor of Piiili.imcnt the Upper C'lmadiami dpeak in English, and the liowpr Oftnodi.mH moJit Rnnerally in Fromh-a livrge portion of the meml)erH of nitln-r Ke<:tion failing to comprti- hend wiiiit their fellow roprcwintHtivrs of the other Hectidn wi\ ; tlio judicial HyHtemR of the two sectionH are dilVornnt ; their school KyRtcmH, their roiwl lawH, their real estate lawR, their mnnicipal in^tittitionN, and their literature are all different. The line of Hcparatlon between Upper and Jjower Cuiiidi at this moment Ih iw clearly drawn nn before the Union. The whole tone of pnl)lic sentiment in the two Rcctions i« M distinct and different aw the public Hentiment of England and <>( old France. The disastrous (.ilVi.it of these antagonisms ip stamped on every act of the Pkecutive Govern- ment imd Iiegi,Hlatiire. All the evils an- ticipated by Mr. FHtt and Mr. Burke have been more than nMlized. In (Canada as in Great Britain, the E.\e political sentiment as the case permits. For awhile, matters proceed smoothly enough, but ere long some question arises on which sectional feeling is unmistakeably and strongly felt. The parties are ranged five to five; the ques^'on must be met; unttef adoiee upon it must be given to the Crown, or th« Clabinet must break up. Which is to yield f The Lower Canadians stand firm in the know- ledpre that on such a question all Lower Canada will sustain them, and .(bftt, wbaterer happnt 1 1 1 "■»■ ■# BdTorki— ud by all •▼«r to be Dkeu. The 1 the other iiina or the n oonititu- influencee ; ful and un- ramoD Un- CauMS of M in other advance of tc«Mt on the ;ry, " Abrr« I at once all ution before ween Upper B obtaining for a purely g of a law )r the adop- rdanoe with dian race — of Lower 18, cast their don among ves them an •per Canada, SoTemment the French * very small till give the other hand, ^vemment, oinietration, orce of this y, is formed tn, aa nearly > as thecaae cd smoothly ion arises on Lkeably and ged five to unittd aiein jwn, or the B to yield f a the know- )wer Canada rer h^>p«ii to tlint, Ooremment, a new one without their perpetrated at every cmorpency ruinous to pub- aid is all but Impoiwible. Tbo Uppor Canadians lie crol<;ia<>ruliziDK to public men. The have no such confidence ; once out, they know applianceB go succomtfid wltii the representatives not wbftt »ow (M>rablns,tioni( may follow ; ami "f tlio pcopio, an; s xm l.ronKlit t.> lioar (in tho they picture with aUrm iu» fatJil t(. tlielr piuty purple tlicui>,elvuij. 'Ilio m iKiotiicy i« I'.nljlublx. the alliance of thfi I/Jwer Canwla phaliinx with injfly confurvod as the price of political torgiver. their Upper Canada opponents. When wch «»Uon on ptrgoni utterly unfitted tor the trust ; qu**Uons arise, therefore -and they have arisen the public departments are fiUc I with Incom- coitlnually to every Qovemmcnt since the Petont persons; indulRenco to the debtors of Ualon-the opUon presented to the Upper "« Cro^vn Is tho reward of political subsorvi- Canada section of the Cabinet Ih blmply, «n^y. ^'^ ""verity the punishment of political Do this unjust thing, conciliate Lower Canada, Independence. Nay, tho claim by a ministerial and keep your ofllces-or renistthis unj.«t thing, candidate, that by his subserviency to the ministry reepectyour own convictions and vour pledges to °^ t^>« rdv<» to kar* been very moob the fuaa» ta both p^riodl'; bat wa do not suppo^ that Upper Caaadaluui pro g^TMsed eX ^ m^d ntiB' ab«i es^Ufiad^ fitnol 1853.. 921.420 1854.. 952,679 \m.. 983,738 1856.. 1,014,897 1857.. 1,046,066 1858.. 1,077,215 1859.. 1,108,374 I860.. 1,139,533 1M2 to ite. mH Wen wi^ t& a4a'' t6' the atooMalned popyatioa of «Mk of tK*' two sectteOB on lathJaoiialy, Wl, n«t thow-' oertained laflo of annoal inoreaatt te ^tiow' 3rean, but merely the sane ntunlten at w«K proved to have been added to eabb Plrovin«« in' the years immediately praoalilng tbe eensaa^' there would still be exhibited a very large pre- ' ponderanoe in flivoar of Upper Chnada. Thr nwnbers by this mode of oalcakvtton KMlld b»'i(l> follows : — L.O. Pop. IT. C. Pap. L.O.Exxm JT.C.Bxtm 1868 920,326 1,009,182 88,8M 18134 960,391 1,96^,360 199.969 1866 980,466 1,123,688 143,062 16661,010,521 1,160,716 17O,lt0 18671,040,686 1,287,894 l97,aW 18681,070,661 1,295,072 224,821 18691,100,716 1,862,260 ........ 261,484 18601,180,781 1,409,428 278,|E>47 Of course this mode of calculation would b9 moat unjust to Upper Canada : an4 wa maraly give the figuresi to estahUsh the fiuct that tb* Western section vastly preponderates over tbe Eastern. .:...„.„.^ ,.,.^ -, ,^, ■ .., „. ^,, ,„,, , We hold it as beyond doubt that tiie ex cess of Upper Canada population at this mo* ment is not less th«n 400,000 aoujs. Now, iriiien ' the number of Parliamentwry Bepgresentattves was increased, the bans was taken of one mein< her to 16,000 souls. On this basis Upper Caaor da would be entitled at this moment to 27 re- presentatives more than the Lower Pro>vince ; and this great disparity is rapdly increasittg^ every year. Four hundred thousand people Ote thus practically disfranchised by tnO wtisting sys-; tern of Parliamentaiy representation ; every three men residing on the lower side cf a line drawn in 1791, haveequal political infinenoe wlthevety ibur men residing on the npp^ ride of it — and that not by accident, but purpo8ely« ^th all the authority of an Imperial Statute. No firee people could patiently submit to such iajustioe —for it not only places the elecjlioiv of Qpper Canada in a position of acknowledged inferiority to their fellow-electors in Lower Canada, but, y we shall presently show. It gives power to the minorit] of the united Provinces, to ovenmle the iBi^{erity in all puUio matters, admlaiat^i tiv* aud legislative. The tBjwttce which might be done uadsr th» Uidon Act by this arbitrary isyitem of topiMenta- tlob) w«iif^Mrl]^Be«n by tlte ting^iifr stMMttit^ % M fh to iM' Ui- hiA or tK»< te piretiow Mttt' M WCM Province in huiad*. Thr KMtid b»'Ml su U.C.Sum 88,8M S;^ 261,484 278,^7 in would b» 'I wvmcnlj &ct thitttt)* ktes over tbe that the vt 1 at this mo* Now,irti«n' iiereaeBtattvet of one mem- Upper Caao- ent to 27 le- Ter Prortsice ; ly increndng' td people Uw k existing lyi-: l; every threes a line drawn oe with every leof it— «ad , with all the >. No &ee luch injuBtioe >li of Ppper ed inferiority nada,bnt, 3 Mwer toth* to ovezrole > s M uadsrth* f ftipsMeikla- wlio framed the Act— and the responsibility it laid npon them to amend that provision of the statute, waifollyViioknowIedged.Whiifl the Union Bill w)is under discussion in the House of Lords. Lord Ellenborough proposed to strike out the word "equal" In the clause which provided that Upper and Lower Canada shall be repre- sented by "an equal number cf representatives." He said — " I make tliat proposition becousa I " oonoeive the enactment to be highly unjust. " We are taking on ourselves to legislate foi " both these Proviuces at a time when we well " know that it is impossible for one of these Pro- " vinces to express any opinion at all on the " subject to which the Bill relates, and we " should do this, in such a way at least, as " would win the acquiescence of that Province, " were it able to express an opinion," &c. " Bnt I object to this division on another " g^ronnd. I object to it because while in the first " instance it inflicts injustice upon liOwer Cana*la, " it will ultimately prove unjust to Upper Ca- " nada. If the population of that Province in- ' ' crease, as it assuredly will do by means of exten- " sive emigration, then in a few years its numbers " will preponderate, and the weight of representa- " tion as compared with numbers, will be in fa- ' ' vour of Lower Canada. The Upper Province will ' ' feel the injustice of this unequal representation *' which cannot be remedied unless Parliament " again interfere." To this Viscoimt Melbourne replied, " If thopoDiilationbf Upper Cana- "da hereafter inoreaM in the mannerto " which the noble lord has allnded, it will " be in the power of the Parliament to re- " vine the measore." Lord Ellenborough quoted the opinion of Lord Durluun on the same point, but upon the above suggestion of Lord Melbourne, the amend- ment was negatived. In his speech at the second reading of '>.c Bill, Viscount Melbourne said " it is highly probable " that before the lapse of ten years, your lord- " Aips will be called upon to adopt srme new " principle for the readjustment of the whole equally Inoonteatible Is the finandal argoment. By the official returns of Ooatoms Duties col- lected in the year 1865, it appeared that the total sum collected was $8,256,278; of this, $1,787,876 was collected at Upper Canada ports, and $1,467,408 at Lower Canada ports. It Is clear that every article entered in Upper Canada must have been for Upper Canada consumption — and that the whole amount of the collections at such poiis was contributed by the people of -Western Canada. There is no shipment of foreign goods from Upper Canada to Lower Ca- nada. But very different is it with the goods entered at oasteru ports. Not only do Upper Canada importers enter their goods to a large extent at Montreal and Quebec, but a very large proportion of the goods imported and entered by Montreal and Quebec houses, are sold in UpperCa- noda. It has been stated on the best authority that over three-fourths of the goods sold at wholesale in Montreal are for the Upper Canada market. But let us assume that of the Lower Canada entries, only one-half are destined for the Western Pro- vince — and this we are confident is much under the fiiot— then we arrive at this result, that Upper Canada contributed in 1856, $2,621,676 in Cus- toms duties to the general revenue, while Lower Canada contributed but $733,700 ; or, in other words, that Wentem Gatuuia contributed to the Na- tional Revenue $13 75 for every $4 contributed by the Eaul ; or olherunte, that the Loteer Canadian* eontri- bated but S2eent»per head, while the Upper Oanadiant contributed $2 66 per head. In 1866, the Customs duties produced $4,610,- 128, of which Upper 'Canada by the same mode of estimation is shown to have eontributed $3,360,036, and Lower Canada only $1,160,092. In that year Upper Canada paid into the gener- al reveiiue in Customs duties $3 for every $1 pivid by liOwer Canada. From the failure of the crops of Upper Ca- nada in 1857 and 1858, and th« severe pressure of the financial panic that swept across the conti- .1/1 i-i. ij .. XI. ^ , . 3 i . °ent — the disproportion in the Customs contri- " Constitution of the Colony m order to anve u i- r i.1. i. T, . J. XI " --«i. u :— ;*- &.:- -u . «* *!.?-.._ b"t'0°8 of the two Provinces was not so great in these two years as usual. But notwithstanding each Province its &ir share of the re- " oreientation." That the time has come to demand a fulfil- ment of this pledge to the people of Upper CaatAck — who can deny f We feel persuaded that if a fonnal appeal beoomes necessary to the justioQ of the Imperial Parliament, we will not appeal in vain. < UPEER CAH ASA PA7B SEVENTT PER qSST. O F TH E NATIONAL TAX- ATION, WHEtE LOWER CANADA COimtlBUTES THTRTY PER CENT. A^d,if the nunnical argument thus clearly ef lj§ ht j(j l i j ap the hpji^stio^ done to the western sec- tion dy the present system of rapresantation. the comparative freedom of Lower Canada from monetary pressure, and her good crops in these years. Upper Canada by the same mode ot esti- mation, is shown to have paid in 1867 $2,800,- 264 of Customs duties, and Lower Canada only $1,126,946 ; and in 1868 $2,888,108 against $1,043,286. But these figures refer merely to the taxet levied on Foreign Imports. In the other branch- es of revenue, similar disproportion is found. An analysis of the Public Accounts for the five years during which the present Ministiy hav* held otuce, shows the compuative oontribotloog of the twp Provinces ^ these yean to have bM^ nearly as follows : — 43 n N il- II u- i» § .:.:;i.' oc 5 a a i o J a -,<>■■• ^. r ... < -l iC C» 1-H C^ »C 05_aD_ O O CO CO M «o ■-f -»< rl CO 00 '* (N CO —*^Oi o >5 f'l-TLo'Tjriri"^ ■^ osiM coco •T -H ^ I-IM OS , . - . -... . 0-^©(»0-H-<+«n©i-ico iOlM (M©© - " — 0» CO CO I^ r- 1.-1 (M — ©i-J CO ■•Ji «^ CO S;OCOW©(OaOCOU35^© 00 M CO CO l-H c-f (M00»-H05COQ0iO'gi '00 CJCOT>ieo< OJ iM ® O . i» >00l--t;cO(M(M.— ©05 CO CO I CO CO Uv «— -■■ --^ ^-^ >. • . — ^ y^f w- © « O C0_© '»^0S_0S_O (M 1-1 ©Ci CO o co_ Co" co'^i^os o c^r^co'co'©" 0»COlflC^00©t-lM>O * % CO ^0 Ttt 00 IN r^ CO . 1^ rH 1— ( IN o - I-- § Q 1-1 i i-l'<*l00(N©©M00lNCOI- iNrt i» 4» CO CO (N (N 00 © oo" © ■* <» ^ We believe these calculations to exhibit » Tory cloee approximntion to the truth, and rather against Upper Canada than in her favour. We have then this result, that in the last five years Upper Canmla contributed $21,226,179 to the general revenue, and Lower Canada only $7,884,034. Ui" course there are parties who will contend that this is an over-estimate in favour of Upper Canada — but, fortunately, there is not much discrepancy between our estimate and theirs. Mr. Attorney General Macdonald the Upper Canada leader of the Ministcrul party while speaking in Parlia- ment, in the session of 1852-3, against the Seigniorial measure said : — " Two-tMrda of " the whole taxation of the country if " paid by the people of Uoper Canada." Mr. Attorney General Cartier also — the Lower Canada leader of the Ministerial party, and now Premier of the Government — when addressing liis constituents of Verchferes, in 1855, told them :— " They most not forget that Up- *' per Canada paid two-thirds of the en- " tire revenue of the Province." Our fi- gures dhow that seventy per cent, of the whole revenue of the last five years vras paid by Upper Canada, and only thirty per cent, by Lower Canada. Our opponents admit sixty six and two-tliirds per cent. i> i)!'id by Upper Canada. We think our state- ment below the fact ; but either estimate is suf- ticiciit to show the scandalous injustice done to Upper Canada under the conditions ot the existing Union. Is it then to Im supposed possible that with 400,000 greater population than Lower Canada, ami contributing so disproportionate a share if the general revenue — the people of Upper (I'inada will consent to the continuance of a system under which they sufier such in- 3 iuatice I *Ii-ilf of tho goods entered at I^wer Canada ports being eelimated as consumed in Upper Canada. fHa'f the auction duty collectod at Montreal being held RE levied on goods purcba.scd for Upper. Canada. JTUe revenue from Timber dues being held s« contri- buted equally by the two sections. Is One-third of the revenue from the St. Lawrencs Canals being b3ld as Upper Canadian and two-thirds liower Cana- dian : and the revenue from the Ottawa and RIdeau Oanals and Slides being equally divided between the two .sections. UTwo-thirds estimated as paid by Upper Canada, and ono-tbird by Lower Canada. f Tbree-foarths of the grou revenue estimated as paid by Upper Cuada tnd oM-fourth by Lower Ouwla. Injustice to upper Canada nr THE AmrUAL EXFEiroiTUBES. I he Revenues of the Province on the other 1 1: 1 ud, are expended on a very different scale of a[)i)ortionment from that on which they are ool- .ei'teetween our ley General ider of the in Parlia- against the D-thirds of country is r Canada." —the Lower rty, and now 1 addresshig 1 1855, told it that Up- of the en- B." Our fi- ;ent. of the years was ocly thirty ir opponents i per cent, nk our state- timate is suf- ijustice done conditions it then to tth 400,000 JOT Canada, date a share pie oflTpper itintiance of er such m- EVADA IN TUBES. n the other rent scale of they ore ool- if the annual public debt, nm^nt and e, and other aonto both question OKD •j-^iM. Bat other expenditures of a purely local ehancter to a vast amount, appear annually in the Public Acoounta; and far from Upper Canada rauelTing a larger share of these in consideration at her g^reater population and greater contribu- tion to the national Revenue, Lower Canada ioTariably carries oif the larger share. .• Administration of Jvstice. 1'ake,for initance,theAdmini8tration of Justice. Euih section has its own separate Judiciary, en- tirely independent of the other, and with exclu- sively sectional jurisdiction. But will it be cre- dited that the whole expense of the Lower Canada machinery is paid from the public chest — while u large portion of that of Upper Canada is de- frayed by a local tax on the pneople of Upper Ca- nada 1 The Jurymen of Lower Canada are paid ttom the general revenue, but the Jurymen of Upper Canada are paid from direct local taxa- tion. The Judges of Lower Canada are all paid ftom Provincial funds — but the people of Upper Canada, while contributing seventy pei cent, of those funds, have to pay their own County Judges in great part from local taxation. And so with other branches of the same service. The flagrant injustice thus done to Upper Canada will be seen at once by a comparison of the offi- cial returns of the sums paid in the last five years to the two sections respectively, from the public chest, towards the administration of justice . — Vhptr Qmada. Lower Ckmada. 1864 ..;.... 1173,126 1866 186,573 1856 204,336 1857 214,982 1868 247,475 $347,646 383,797 384,651 409,842 860,883 building. From 1844 to 1868 includve, the people of Upper Canada had extracted from them nrongh this unjust Lunatic Asylum Tax alone, not less than $431,355; but no such tax was ever imposed on Lower Canada. Normal School Buildings. The Normal School of Upper Canada, also, was built with the proceeds of this local Asylum tax. But Lower Canada must needs have three Normal Schools, and the expense of pro- viding all three wae expressly declared by Sta- tute to be borne by the Provincial chest ! Three Provincial buildings — the Government House of Montreal, the old Chateau of Quebec, and the Montreal High School — have all been made over to the people of Lower Canada without charge, and fitted up with money from the public chest ; and Mr. Chauveau, the Superintendent for Lower < Canada, in a late report anticipates the erection of special buildings at an early date. Rebellion Losses Money. The manner of settling the claims for losses ;y the outbreaks of 1837, is another marked in- stance of the injustice systematically done to Jpper Canada. The Act passed in 1845, fur the settlement of Rebellion Losses in Upper Canada expressly limited the amoimt to be paid to £40,000, and provided that the money shoidd be paid from local funds of the people of Upper Canada. These local funds were provided by making the Tavern License fees a sectional revenue of the separate Provinces — they having been up to that time a source of general Pro- vincial revenue. An Act was afterwards passed extending the sum to £43,613 8s. 9d., and every penny of the money, principal and interest, was paid by the people of Upper Canada, as the following statement snows : — $1,026,492 $1,886,819 Iv thus appears that in the last five years #2,913,311 was paid from the public chest for the admiidstration of Justice in United Canada, of which the people of Upper Canada contributed $2,089,317, and those of Lower Canada only $873,993. In these five years. Upper Canada paid into the public chest, not only all she drew out for the maintenance of Justice, but $1,012,825 of that which was drawn out by Lower Canada. Besides paying the entire cost of her owu Judicial establishments, she actually paid more towards the maintenance of those of Lower Canada than the whole people of that Prot?inc«. And this, be it observed, not because the expense of administering the law in Upper Canada is less than in Lower Canada — for from her larger population and wider extent of in- habited country, the contrary is the fact — but simply from the grossly unjust practice of taking all the money necessary for this service in Lower Canada from the Provincial chest, and in Upper Canada taking only a portion from the public chest and levying the balance by local tax. Lunatic Asylum Tax. Take another instance. There is a Provincial Lunatic Asylum for each of the Provinces. The annual expenditures of both institutions are maintained from the public chest ; but while the building for the occupation of the Lower Oaoada Asylum is provided by Provincial monies, &e people of Upper Canada have had to pay bj ipeGial diiact tax for the whole cost of their SUMS PAID. 1846 — Paid salaries and expennes of Commissioners $4,907 00 Paid claims 44,000 00 1847— Paid do 40,809 33 l848_Paid do 8,000 00 Paid interest on £20,0(0 De- bentures 4,800 00 1849— Paid do do do 4,800 00 Paid claims 1,600 00 1850— Paid do 600 00 Paid interest on £20,000 De- bentures 1,959 34 Paid principal of Debentures. . 80,000 00 i $191,476 67 WHXaK THB MONEY CAHK FBOH. i845 — Receipts from Upper Canada Tavern Licenses $28,209 42 47,474 93 87,826 63 52,705 27 40,396 74 29,469 03 1846— Do Do 1847— Do Do 184»— Do Do 1849— Do Do 1860— Do Do $236,671 92 Less — Returned to U. C. : — Municipalities 44,096 24 Amount paid by Upper Canada $191,475 67 When the Tavern Licenses of Upper Canada were thus taken from the general Revenue to be applied in paying the Rebellion Losses of Upper Canada— the Tavern Lioenaea of Lower Canada :.A. .■> '-;,■■* t- %. II wore, on the plea of Jnstioe to hor, taken from the general Ueriinue unci applied to " local purpoHVrt" of Lower Canada. And care was taken that Hhe at lo2,602 08 $488,776 82 Now, let vm see what portion of this large sum the people of Lower Canada have repaid : — 1847-Froceeds of Marriage licenses in Lower Canada, paid over to the Receiver General $1,748 72 1848 do do 2,246 98 1849 do do 1,;888 78 1860 do do 488 68 1861 do do 146 4& 1862 do do ' ' 86 88 1868 do do 119 72 1864 do do Nothing. 1866 do do do 1856 do do 14,660 67 1867 do do 2,486 20 1868 do do ■ 2,849 90 Total '....•26,016 46 Thus, while Upper Canada was compelled to pay up every sixpence, principal and interest, of the amount she received for Rebellion Loeaas, Lower Canada has paid in twelve years the mag- nificent sum of $26,016 — not one year's inter- est of the money she received from the pub- lic chiest ! And this is not the woiftof the matte/. Itrras not enough that Upper Canada should only get £43,613 for her rebellion losses, while Lower (Ca- nada got £108,386 ; it was not even sufBdent that Upper Canada should be made to pay hack every penny of the money she drew, prUicipal and interest — while Lower Canada to this hour has not refunded one year's intiorest on the money she obtained ; but, to add to the utter in- justice of the transaction, the pretended applica- tion of the Upper Canada Marriage License fees to local charities of Upper Canada wHs hnt a flimsy attempt to cover over deeper injnritice. In the five years following the passing of the Act (9 Vict. cap. 66), the following sums were ptdd into the hands of the Government fbrmaiv riage licenses in Upper Canada : — Inl846 $ 6,87902 1847 8,853 08 1848 8,968 40 184&. 9,862 17 1860 12,686 00 $46,078 62 And how was this money appliedl Why, the following sums were paid to Uiree charitable in- stitutions : — Kingston Poor $10,400 Toronto Hospital 11,600 1 Tinonto House of Indnstrj 8,000 $29,900 < And the baknoewaa paid to the U.C. Lunatic Asylum 16,000 $44,900 Now, observe the mockery of this opet^tion JMi to these grants to the Ei^nton nod Tocoato Poor, while the people of Upper QaiBpd» W4(* permitted as a great boon thus to tax fhssuyltwi fpr th^se local {|istitqtfoii9-^A)rg»«MR!f : W i r i ^| »iM w '«.»■ I li there wm takea lowing ttiitbs :— ..tMffi& 48 . . 841,839 86 . . 62,602 08 t488,776 82 >f this large sum e rispaid : — $1,748 72 2,246 98 1^888 78 488 68 146 42 86 68 119 72 to ing. 14,660 67 2,486 20 2,849 90 ..t26,016 46 compelled to and intereet, of sbellion Louae, years the mag- le year's inter- from the pub- matte.'. Itiras biould only get hile Lower Ca- even sufficient ie to payback Jrew, principal a to this hour aterest on the bo the utter in- ended applica- ge license fees ada was but a eper injuritioe. passfaig of the ag fums were ment for mar- 6,879 02 8,863 08 8.968 40 9,862 17 12,586 00 . 16,078 62 if Why, the charitable in- .$10,400 . 11,600 . 8,000 $29,900 . 16,000 ■ *i $44,900 openitionji* !uidToiwnto OuufOfk w#i» xtbeoM^lm dtmltomim prtdtdn the tarn ImUtutioiu m Lower Oamda. In the yean 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, and 1860, there were paid from the public chest the following sum's to the Charitable Institutions of Lower Canada — and, with the exception of the small pittance there stated an received in 1846, not one penny of the Provincial money was ex- pended in these Ave years for the support of the Sick and Destitute in Upper Canada : — Quebec Poor $16,766 67 " other Charities 4,400 00 Three Rivers Poor 11,029 62 Montreal Poor 12,460 87 " Hospital 20,000 00 " Grey Nuns 12,228 66 " other Charities 6,600 00 Leas paid U. C. in 1846 - Toronto Hospital $2,000 " House of Industry, 1,200 Kingston Poor 1,200 $82,884 72 $4,400 00 ■ Total L. C. Grants $77,984 72 And as to the sum paid to the Upper Canada Limatic Asylum, the imposition is equally pal- pable, lliis Asylum is not a local institution, but a provincial institution ; and even if it had been, in these same five years (1846 to 18504nclu- sive) there was paid from ttie public chest for the support of ttie Lower Canada Lunatic Asy- lum, $90,334 ; and for the support of the Upper Canada Asylum, $73,246 — showing an excess of $17,088 in &vour of Lower Canada — or two thousand dollars more than the sum pretended to be applied to a local purpose from the Mar- riage License fees. In 1860 the gross injustice of this matter was etposed, and a change was affected to be made. The Maniage License Fees of Upper Canada were no longer to bo devoted to charitable uses, but to be "at the disposal of the Provincial *' Parlii»ment for purposes of public interest in •' TIppef Canada." Well, nineyears have rolled past— tt?e Maniage license Fees have gone regularly every year into the provmcial chest — but up, to this hour no "purpose of public inter- est" has been found for its expenditure, nor is any likely to be found while the present system oontinues. When Lower Canada had to receive money from a precisely similar source, we have seen that it was then and there distributed to Coimty Mimicipalities ; but when Upper Canada has to g*t mi6hi*y, a pretence is kept up for five yean m 1846 to 1850 $ 46,073 62 1861 14,178 40 IHtt 15,987 68 W» 17,676 18 1864 21,284 46 1856 23,375 20 1866 26,388 97 1857 23,208 06 : -1868 21,898 27 T,« 5, ^v-ir ... t * . . f - $206,920 78 ^ Lower Canada got $433,776 from the idsloherton the express omiditioa that It would be repaid from liower Canada sources but not one penny of the principal has l)cen paid, and hardly a year's interest. Upper Ca- nada on the other hand got $191,475 from the chest to pay her Hubellion LosseK, aifd she was compelled to pay buck every shilliug principal and interest. As an offset for allowing Upper Canada to pay her debt with her own Tavern license Fees — Lower Canada l^ecame entitled to $96,572, and she got every penny of it. As an ofibet for allowing Ixjwer Canada to pretend to pay her debt from Marriage License Fees, Upper Canada became entitled to $208,920 — and aft«r the lapse of 15 years she has not got a shilling ofitJ The Police. Very similar injustice is done to Upper Canada in regard to the Police. Under cover of a River Police for the protection of the ,-hij)ping at Quebec and Montreal, not only are tonnage dues annually levied for the maintenance of the police establishments of these cities, but lar^e sums are annually taken from the public chest for the same service. The port-towns of Up- per Canada have all to sustain their own police, their own sick mariners, and their own destitute immigrants, and are perfectly willing to do so for the benefit they derive from the shipping. But the ports of Lower Canada which enjoy an infinitely more profitable tratfic from shipping, have all these duties discharged fur them from general taxation. Take the police expenditure of 1858 as a sample : — Paid John Maguire, Superintendent of Police, Queijec, one year's salary. . . $2,0(K) 00 Do do for pay, &c. , of Police 11,824 56 Paid C. J. Coursol, Superintendent of Police, Montreal one year's salary. . 2,000 00 Do do for pay, &c., of Police 14,4-17 25 Paid R. B. Johnston, special magis- trate, St. Francis, salary, &c., one year 2,047 50 Do do for pay, &c., of Police 8,061 30 $^0,370 61 And hero are the amoimts paid to Upper Ca- nada — though why these slioiUd have been paid it is not easy to see : — Paid Joseph Wilson — to pay two pen- sioners at Sault Ste. Marie during the winters of 1857 and 1868 $400 00 Paid R. Carney — to pay two pensioners 153 days at $1 306 00 Paid T. A. Corbett, to pay Police at Kingston Gaol 854 30 $1,560 30 In the last five years (from 1854 to 1868 in- clusive) not less tliim $140,000 has been thus drawn by Lower Canada from general sources, which ought properly to have come fr-jm local taxation — the same service being entirely de- frayed in Upper Canada from municipal funds. Landing-piers below Quebec. A very instructive example of the manner in which public money is squandered in Lower Canada, may be found in the history of the famous Landing-piers below Quebec. In 1849, the Provincial GtoTermnent adopted the policy at throwing on the various localities throughout the Province, th« dtityof ootutroctbiJK and 1 I*, I 1 I miiintaininx all local works. Under this ar- riiiK^'^inent the roadH, bridgoB and harboiire Divncrl by Government in Upper Canada, wore bron^ht to the hammer in parc-eh and Rold to the hi^hcRi bidderH. Notwitb standing this, the Lower Canidians had influence enough to In- duce the Government to undertake the erection of a number of piers on the St. Lawrence below (}uebec, for purely local accommodation. The CommlsaionerH of Public Works, Mesura. Bourret and Killaly, reported a formal estlmat« of the cost of the works. In June 1851, Government applied to and obtained from Parliament a vote of $142,000 for their construction in accordance with the estimate — and in June 1853, Govern- ment again sought and obtained a grant of $24,000 for ■ ' the completion of Piers below Quelle." The works went on — and it was dis- closed by the Committee of Public Accounts, that on tlie strength of these two votes of $16(5,000, the Government spent, without fur- ther consent of Parliament, up to the 18th Dec. 1864, no less a sum than $598,170 ! And since that date the cost of these piers for purely lo- cal tvctommodation, and wliich ought to have been erected if erected, at all, by local funds, has swelled up to $768,071 ! By the last report of tiie Public Works Commissioners, we furtlier learn that the repair of these piers is to be considered a Provincial responsibility, and that " it is desirable that a person should " be put in charge of each" — of course at the expense of the Province. We need hardly wld, that not a shilling of revenue has ever been derived from this enormous outlay. Tug-boats below Quebec. The ste.ini-tuf service below Quebec is another specimen of tlie manner in which the public money is thrown away when Lower Canada de- mands it. Some Ijower Canada merchants conceiv- wl that it would be of great service to them were Government to provide steamers to tow their ves- sels up and down tlie St. Lawrence below Quebec. Tlie scheme wa.s at once taken up and a contract for the service entered into with Mr. Francois Baby. Under that contract, or rather under the original contract, and an amended one for ten years concluded by Government on its own responsibility, Mr. Baby was paid the following Bums up to the Slst Dec, 1858 : — In 1854 $ 27,930 00 1855 46.200 00 1856 46,200 00 1857 53,584 52 1858 : 66,400 00 Total $238,314 52 * And how many vessels have taken the bene- fit of the steamers for whicli this sum has been expended ? Why, in 18-54, Mr. Baby's steamers took in tow FOURTEEN vessels of all kinds ! He re- ceived from the owners $2,443, and from Go- vernment $27,930— total $30,373, or precisely $8^169 for EACH VESSEL TOWED | 1^ In 1865, Mr. Baby's steamers took la tow TWENTY-TWO craft of all klrids. He got $3,900 from the owners, and $45,^ fron Oo- vernment; he got in all $49,100, or $ftJS8X FOR EACH VESSEL TOWED! ! For 1856, we have no official return of the number of vessels towed, but in 1867, Mr. Baby's steamers gave assistance to 102 craft of all kind,, for which he received $14,692 from the owners and $63,684 from Government — or 4^669 for EACH VESSEL 'TOWED ! In 1868, the whole number of Tessels towed was THIRTY-ONE, for which Mr. Bubv WM paid $6,122 from the owners, and $66,400 fttnn the public chest— or $2,807 for EVERY VESSEL TOWED ! And this is not the whole of it. In addition to these enormous sums given to Mr. Babv, the Government lent him to bnild the Tessefs, first $76,000 on the security of the steametB, and afterwards $46,200, without security, ko far as appears from the published records. The cost to the Province of these tug-boats has, therefore, been in — Annual bonuses $288,814 62 Money Lent . . $121,200 Less repaid 19,000— 102,200 00 Total expenditure $340,614 52 — a s«m which would have gone a long way towards purchasing the whole of the craft taken in tow in the five years ! Quebec Fire Loan. "■/,•,•■. Another highly instructive example of Lower Canada transactions in the funds of the Province may be found in the history of the Quebec Fire Loan. A Fire occurred in the city of Quebec in the year 1846. The citizens naturally thought it desirable that the houses should be built in a better style than the means of the parties own- in^r the land enabled them to do, and they far- ther conceived that it would be highly advan- tageous if the Government would lend it« aid to the parties in building. It was to be a loan — " merely a loan." Lower Canada influence was strong, and so an Act was passed in 1846 and an amended Act in 1847, empowering the Govern- ment to borrow $400,000 at six per cent, an^^ lend it out to the Quebec landowners for ten years at four per cent. Commissioners were to be appointed to carry out the loans; and repayment of principal and interest was to be secured by bond and mortgage on the lands and houses. Well,Com- missioners were duly appointed — the money al- lotted in July, 1847, and the $400,000 dvlj paid over to 564 land owners of the city of Quebec. Twelve years and more have since rolled away, and now let us see how the account stands : — Lent to Landowners $400,000 Paid 12 years' interest at 6 per cent 288,000 Expenses and salaries of Commissioners 8,824 Paid Felix Glackmeyer, Clerk of Fund. 1,686 Paid J. M. Lemoine for investigating Mr. Glackmeyer's Books 207 Paid Wm. Bristow for ditto 604 Paid Louis Prevost as Clerk to Fund ^m 18th May, 1850 to 81st Dec. , 1868 8,866 mk m took in tow nid8. He sot 3,200 from Oo- H), or $2^1 return of the J67, Mr. Baby's aft of all kind., m the owners -or $669 for ▼esaela towed Mr. Babr wm d $66,400 fhnn for EVERY In addition Mr. Baby, the e TeaseU, flnt steamerB, and rity, KO far as >rd8. The cost has, therefore, ..$288,814 62 102,200 00 ..$340,614 62 le a long way the craft taken tnple of Lower >f the Province Quebec Fire ^ of Quebec in irally thought I be built in a > parties own- and they fur- higlily adran- lend its aid to I to be a loan a influence was n 1846 and an r the Ctovem- per cent, an^ ners for ten uera were to be nd repayment cured by bond es. Well,Ck)m- ;he money al- 000 duly paid y of Quebec, rolled away, t stands : — ....$400,000 t. ... 288,000 oners 8,824 I tind. ating Phmd 1868 1,686 207 604 8,866 •4 ii Wf^»W n f» UH UPAiD. ►'•■■." ifo': • -i- f settling the disputes between the Seigniors and Interest $5,716 CensittUiert of Lover Canaiin. It was unques- Principal and interest by judg- tionably importiiiit that thesii fiisputes should be ment distributionB 6,780 .,, , i »i. , ,-.• .-,, i rr._ Principal and interest from In- ''«"'«^' *"'' ^^« ^''"l'^'«" ^" l'"' ■^'"K"'"^!''' ^en- suranceCompanieBon Houses '"''^ '"'^y P'^'' '^" iinpftiis to tlir mdimtriui onor- bumt down 2,548 10,044 kIcs of thowe portions ol' Lt/wii i 'uninlii in which _ , , , , , , that Tenure provaiii^fl, Rnt locil u. vaiittigeB Total outlay of the Province $H!t2,883 should b», pnr.liii.si-, I at 1. ..al .vxpcii.-c. 'I'h.- uuains Thus it appears, thiit the whole amount re- of prociiriiiK tlicin sliouM lalUK* touud, or crea- celved from these 664 goo tlie I'rench, is naively stated in the Public Accounts, for tlie Jtin^s of France ';.iv.' a number of " looking after the interests of the Crown" in adventurers blocks of land in i.'anada on condi- regard to this loan. Mr. Prevost's entire col- tion that they would taUe out settlers and occu- lections so far as the public returns show, appear py the soil. The lauds were noi given them in to havebeen in his ten years' incumbency $2,243, free and common K(«•clUl^ but merely in for which he has been paid ij>8,8'jC ! trust on certain conditions, the chief conditions This is the manner in which the Lower Canada ""']''' ^^'^^ ""PJ person mig hi go upon any farm and occupy it on condition ot paving an annual debtors of the Crown are being treated, while rtiixl (generally of about Id. per acre) to the the immigrant but lately arrived in Upper Ca- Seignior, and performing certain duties ; and nada, and toiling to clear himself a forest home that in tlie event of the tenant's selling his right under all the disadvantages of a new settlement *» *ny "°«' ^^'^ Seignior should have a certain per ^ centage. There were various other conditions, but and scanty crops,i8 harrassed and distracted by ur- these were the main ones. Now, so long as the gent demands for the instalments due to Govern- French held Canada, this system worked well ment on his lands, and threatened vrith confisca- enough, as there was a Government Officer to ^. jr u I J r 11 f J I vT enforce the conditions under which the landlord tion if he be a defaulter for a day ! Nay, a ^^^^^-.^^^^ ,i^^ j^^j ^^^ ,,,,,,„ j^e country pass- proposal has even been made by Mr. Prevost ed into the hands of the BriU.^^l in tliu middle of that the whole of the back interest due to Go- last century, and Freiu.h laws ceased to prevail, vemment by the 554 landowners of Quebec shall t'lere were no means uf enforcing justice at the h«» nreaantftd to th^m and an PTt<.nBinn of other '^*"<^*' ^^ ^^^ Seigniors. Feeling themselves freo be presented to them, and an extension ot other ^^^^ control, the landlonls s<.on began to look ten years given for the pnncipiJ ! And, beyond upon themselves as the unrestricted owners of a doubt, there will be found Lower Canada the soil, and to demaiiil any sum per acre they members and Upper Canada time-servers suffi- liked — and the tenant would promise to pay. cient to accomplish it. The tenants grumbled at this, and for many long years they carried on an agitation to obtain j\ii- Land GrarUs for L. C. Railways. tice. But this was no easy mater. Tlie Priests, It is not only by grants of money from the the Judges, the Ijvwyers, the Members of Par- public chest for local purposes of Lower Canada liament, were very generally either Seigniors that injustice is done to Upper Canada. There themselves, or closely connect^^d mth those who are but three instances of public lands being were, and it was very hard to get persons of po- glven to private Companies, and all of them sition and influence to take the matter up in were Lower Canada schemes : earnest. The Quebec and Trois Pistoles Railway—one At last, however, the matter was seriously million of acres. imdertaken, and in the session of 1864-6 a The Quebec and Lake Huron Railway— four measure passed through Parliament for its set- millions of acres. tlement. This Act provided that commissioners The St. Maurice Railway and Navigation Com- should be appointed by Government to go upon pany— one million, five hundred thousand every farm under the Seigniorial Teaure and acres. valuecertainSeigniorial rights, and their estimate „ ,, , ,j . . . , should be held to be the value thereof. It provided No possible reason could exist why these Com- that the question whether tlie value of certain panics should receive what has been refused to other Seigniorial rights obght or ought not be paid every other Company and Association. There to the Seigniors should he referred to the judges were certainly Railroads and Navigation Com- of Lo^gr Canada, and if tliey decided that they panies m Upper Canada quite as well entitled to ought to be paid, then the amount awarded and donations of land— if that were to be the national the expenses of application should also be met. policy— as these Lower Canada schemes; but not jiie ^^.^lue of the claims of the seigniors having one of them has ever received an acre from the ^een thus ascertained, the Bill provided that the pnuic domain. seigniors should be paid the full amount by way a,iivi Tht Stigniarial Ttnure Robbery. ofindemnity— that the Tenure should be changed ""?" to Freehold, and the Censitaires (or Tenants) But th« worst outrage of all was the robbery secured in their properties as Freeholders. A of the people of Upper Canada in the mode of portion only of this indemnity the Censitaiiei '^ WS were to p^, and the bdanoe wu ibftomu en the people of the Province. The Hum thug thrown on the public chest wrh *l,48l.444-~for which ProTinciol Debentures were ordered to be iirued. No one pretended to alloKe that thin large appropriation of the public funds for a local and fieetional puriKise was not a direct injuHt)ce to the peojile of Upper ('iinwla ; but proteiwedly to meet this objection the Qovcrnmont measure pro- vided — Ist. That the Seigniorial Revenues of the Crown from seigniorial estates still owned by the Crown, should go into the public chest. 2nd. That the Auction duties collected in Lower Canada should go into the public chest. 3rd. That the proceeds of Shop Licenses in Lower Canada should go into the public chest. 4th. ITiat the proceeds of Tavern Licenses In Lower Canada should go Into the public chest. And 5th. That $600,000 should be applied on some future day to some sectional puri)ose of Upper (!aniula. Now an examination of these items will show that this professed compensation to Upper Ca- nada was no compensation at all. In the first place, the Seigniorial Revenues of the Grown have always gone Into the public chest, and are as fully a source of Provincial revenue as the Customs duties or any other portion of the ordi- nary revenue. Secondly — the Auction duties, although collected In Lower Canada, are in a great measure collected on goods ^Id to Upper Canada merchants, and therefore these duties ore largely paid by Upper Canada and cannot be regarded as a Lower Canada fund. The Shop and Tavern Licenses are sources of local revenue, but ought in all justice to have been applied to the payment of the Rebellion Tjosses of Lower Canada, aa the Licenses of Upper Canada were applied 10 those of that section of the Province. And, tifthly, the promise of the future application of $i;00,000 to some Upper Canada purpose was simply adding Insult to Injury. The character of this operation was admirably described by Mr. Attorney General Macdonald in the session of 1862-8, when opposing a less objectionable mea- sure than that his own Government introduced and carried in 1854-5. Mr. Macdonald then said : — " What a miserable proposition was this that " waB laid down In these resolutions! Two- " thirds of the whole taxation of the country is " paid by the people of Upper Canada, and here " they talk of taking a certain amount out of " the C- vernmcnt. By this measure, a large portion of the amount to be paid by the Censitaires under the former Act was taken oflf their shoulders and saddled on the Provincial revenue ; and a number of new Seigniories were mostunjusQv brought under the operation of the BUI. A vaat ad- ditional sum was thus added to the natioi^d df^t. Nay, to cap the climax of the ii\justice done ip Upper Canada, an equal mm wa* provided to m taktn from the public che-it and given to thine pot- turns of Lower Canada in wkih the ml imu not suljeet to the Seigniorial Ihnure — inproportientathBir population at next cenme ax compared with the Seigniorial districtt of Louer Canada I It was not enough that Upper Oanada most be robbed for the benefit of the Seigniors and Censi- taires of Lower Canada ; but ^e must also be robbed to pacify the indignation of i^e towhsbip settlers of Lower Canada, because no share of the plunder had come to them ! There were disputes while the Bill wasuodei; discussion as to the gross amount which th^ iniquitous measure would add to Uie debt of the Province ; but, fortunately, we have Q^gtw thie '. admission of the Inspector General as to.thA; true amount ; and it will be seen that it| exceeds the sum asserted by the Opposition in debate. In his official letter for the informatipQ, ,of the I>)ndon Stopk Bxcl^tage, Mr. Ga],t wrote iana: ^ I, I2,86A 00 480 00 1,000 00 1,608 00 800 48 S'lT.UO 38 59,070 67 22,628 72 88,400 90 6,724 88 7,219 78 6,046 62 2,210 60 7,888 12 $180,682 72 619,886 67 700,618 29 1,089,278 45 1,789,791 74 rgely exceeds Statute — but ) Seigniorial ig under the and duiTgmg impound in- geniouB uys- >f the public iment of the lensitaires of lat they were 7 did not ob- tqfaUdtargt. >nuniHionfra the8cignior8 e money was 869 a fresh aent byOo- 2;e portion ot itair«8 under ir ahpulders nue ; and « aostunJqaOy il. A VMtaa- atioi)al4<^t. tice done jto Tovided to M to tho»e per- ml iMU not portiontithmr red with th* anada / It da must be re and Censi- tuBt al9o be he towiuhip Qo share of U wi^TiQdflr which thb e debt of the re nfiyr iin9 3l as to.fjjh^ it i^ exceeds 1 in debate, tipo, ,«f the r^teuiu|»: f " Under the terms of the Act providing for " the redemption of the feudal tenure in Lower " Canada, a fund was created for the purpose ot " indBmnlfylng the Seigniors, amotinting to •• about £660,000 sterling. The interest upon " which at 6 per cent, is now a charge upon the " Consolidated Revenue Fund." The Act of 186», therefore, imposed a burden on the Province of £66O,U0O sterling, or About »«,260,(XK} The Act of 1864-6 I,7a9,701 Total cost of Seigniorial Scheme. . . $4,989,7U1 In passing the measure of 1859, the same idea of " bribing Upper Canada with lier own mo- ney," so happily described by Mr. Attorney Ge- neral Macdonald in 1853 while in oppoHitiou, was resorted to. A sum equivalent to that granted to the Lower Ctuiada Seigniors, was pro- vided to be appropriated to local purpoHett ot Upper Canada, subject to certain condi- tions in regard to the Municipal Loan Fund debts. Greater mockery than this plan of com- pensation could hardly be fancied. Upper Cana- da pays 70 per cent, of the national burdens ; Lower Canada pays 80 per cent. ; Lower Canada gets $5,000,000 to buy farms for her farmers ; and generously promim Upper Canada $6,000,000 for some sectional purpose on some future day. Well, what is the result even should Upper Cana- (la get the money at some future day ? Why, that out of the ten millions borrowed. Upper Canada pays seven millions and Lower Canada but three millions — or otherwise that Upper Canada pays all the money she gets and two millions of the Ave given to Lower Canada I In the event, how- ever, of Upper Canada getting only promises for her share, — and that hits always been the case heretofore — then the farmers of Lower Canada will have their lands purchased for them by $1,600,000 of their 3wn money and $3,';00,000 from the pockets ot the Upper Canada farmers, who are at the very moment being harraseed and threatened beyond endurance, to pay'up to Go- vernment instalments and interest on the pur- chase money of thuir own Forest lands ! A more outrageous act of injustice than the Seigniorial Tenure robbery was never perpetrated under^he British flag. We might give many other instances of the gross injustice done to Upper Canada in the ex- penditure of the annual revenues — but those we have given abundantly illustrate the prevuling system, and must suffice for the present. AB 0BB8 n r THE WHOLE HANAQE- ,: ;: ||EHT OF FUBUC ATFAIBS. B|Qt the existing union not only confers on the Lower Canadians a most unfair proportion of representation in Parliament ; not only does it lHU^ on t^e people of Upper Canada the heavy burden ^f tlie national taxation ; not only has it secured uiany tiadiie tuivantages to Iiower Canada in the expenditure of the annual revenues, but th2,873, and in 1864, $127,651 In tlie hope of putting a stop to the dangerous jiraclice, tlu; following resolu- tion wns proposed in the House of Assembly on the 11th of Deccralier, 1854 :— " That it is the uiMloubted privilege of this " House and tlie hitrbest security for the rights " and liberties of the subject, that no expendi- " ture of pnl)lic monies shall be made by the " Executive until the express sanction of Parlia- " ment shall liave been olttained ; that in de- " fiance of this undoubted cimstitutionol safe- " guard this House hears with alarm that during " the year about to expire not only have monies " been taken from the public chest to defray the " necessary expenses of government, but works " and enterprizes involving large liabilities, have " been undertaken and carried on with the " public money on the sole responsibility of the " Executive ; and that in the opinion of this " House such unauthorized expenditure is un- " constitutional, and a dangerous violation of " the rights of the i)eople." This resolution was voted down on a division of 48 to 26. The natural result followed — next year Ministers spent, without authority of Par- liament, not less than $408,063 ! Again the attempt was made to condemn it ; it was moved that " this House strongly condemns the conduct " of the Executive in expending [the above sum] " without the tiuthority of law." Every member of the house privately condemned it ; but the Ministry had to ba sustained, and the motion was thrown out by 54 to 25. The discussion, however, had some effect ; and, in 1857, minis- ters only ventured to extract from the chest $167,265. A third attempt ^ras made to have a stop put to the higli-lianded practice. It was moved on 26th May, 1857, "That this House ' ' cannot too strongly condemn the practice of " expending large biuub of the public money I io i'^^ h "without any LegialativA lanctioti." It wm thrown out at once — 28 to 11. The oure retiult followed. Next year the uniiuthorlzcxl expend- iture roM to 1267,770. No formnl motion of condemniition wim miidft in Pni'liHnient — and ho the AccoiintM of 18-J8 tiliowud that nearly half a million of dullam hiul ai-tually been taken from thechijAt by MinisierH and Hpent bm they thought proper! It wuh then moved that "ThiH Uouho "deeply regrets to find that in dotionce of re- " peatt^d remoDHtranceb, the Hum of $4ti(i,10ti " woH taken from the public cbent during the " year 1858, anrl expended on varioim public " services on the sole reHponsibility of the Ex- " bcutive, and without tho ttonction of the repre- " senttttiveg of the people." Thrown out — 62 to 42. Thirty Upper Canada members, however, voted for the motion and twenty-one against it. Nothing could be more destructive to good government than handing over to the ministry of the day thus recklessly the power to dip at pleasu. into the public chest. It has engendered every species of abuse. Since the present Go- vernment came into power, they have thus spent one million five hundred thousand dollars, with- out the authority of Parliament — and the House of Assembly has not had independence enough to condemn it. Sola of Dtbe>Uure$. Another notable example of the absence of restraint over the Acts of the Executive may be found in regard to the sale of Provincial Deben- tures. No rule, no restriction is laid down, — the time, mode, and terms of sale, are left unreserv- edly in the hands of the Finance Minister. As a na- tural result,it was disclosed by the PublicAccounts Committee of the Assembly in 1868, that, in the previous year, Provincial Debentures to the amount of $2,600,000 had been sold in London at 99i on time, when the cash price on the London Stock Exchange on the very day of sale was 106 @ 107. The transaction excited much public indignation ; but, when the Finance Minister the following session sought authority to convert the whole debt of the Province, every attempt to place a check on his proceed- ings was utterly futile. A part of this new scheme was to give in exchange five per cent. Provincial Stock or Debentures, payable in England, for six per cent. Municipal Loan Fund Debentures, payable in Canada, and tor which the Provin- cial chest was not liable. The current value of Provincial five per cent, securities, payable in England, wa.s about par — the current value of Loan Fund Sixes, payable in Canada, was from five to eight per cent, below /wr. It was there- fore moved — "That no Provincial securities shall be ex- " changed for Consolidated Loan Fund Deben- " tures by Government until tenders shall have " been invited by public advertisement, from the " holders of Consolidated Loan Fund Deben- " tures ; and that the most favourable tenders " shall be accepted, if such tenders in the opin- " ion of Government are advantageous to the " Province." This motion was voted down 59 to 86 — twen- ty-eight Upper Canadians, however, supporting it, and twenty-one voting against it. It was then moved that the maximum amount of the new Stock to be given in exchange for the old should b* act forth in th« BilL This too, was voted down, and the Finance Mintit«r wm left with on* checked power to buy, sell, or exchange as he thought beat. The scheme hxs been brought out on the London Stock Exchange, apparentlf on termi* most disadvantagcouM to ('anada — -the European newspapci-s resound with laudations of tli<> favourable nature ot the proposition for capitalists — but the people of Canada who are to bear the burden of the operation, and their representatives, are in utter ignorance to this hour of the tormi and conditicms on which it is founded. As to the propriety of the immense transaction from a Coiuuliiui point of view, there is no guarantee whatever, beyond the Judgment and integrity of one man — the Minister of Finance. If he aells at 99^ what was worth 105 to 107 in the market, there is no l>etter redress than there was in 1858. 896,405 paid without Authority of Parliament. A transaction which came to light at the open- ing of huit session also illustrates well the con- fidence with which the Ministry of the day reckon on Parliamentary subserviency. As every one is aware, the Clergy Reserve question was brought to an end in the session of 1864-5 by an Act which gave to each clergyman then re- ceiving the benefit of the Fund a sum of money in full settlement of all claims. But there were certain clergymen of the church of England who though accepting their commutation money and granting the Statutory receipt-claimed what they called "arrears of salary." These claims arose chiefly in this way. The parties came to Canada many years ago as Missionaries under the author- ity of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts,and in receipt of salaries from that society amounting to £200 sterling each. The So- ciety, as part of its income, received a grant of £16,000 stg. , per anuiun from the Imperial Parlia- ment ; but in 1884 Parliament refused longer to sustain the Society's missionaries out of the Im- perial exchequer, and abolished the grant. Thereupon the Society communicated to the missionaries its inability to continue the pay- ment of their salaries. Subseqnently, an arrangement was effected by which the Imperial Government agreed to pay to the missionaries, out of the Clergy Reserve Fund of Upper Canada, 85 per cent, of their former salaries — in other words, £170 sterling per annum, instead of £200 sterling ; the Society being absolved from further liability in the premises. The clergymen, in- stead of being servants of the Society, accepted the position of pensioners upon the Clergy Re- serve B'und. They d d not accept the reduced salary without complaining. On the contrarv, they ' ' remonstrated," but without effect. Only by favour, indeed, were they entitled to any- thing from the public chest. The arrangement we have stated was a settlement, absolute and final — the Govenmient, on one hand, pension- ing upon the Clergy Reserves those who had no claim beyond that which arose from the alleged hardship of their situation, and the clergymen, on the other, accepting a reduced salary rather than rely altogether upon the voluntary support of their congregations. "^In 1857, the claims of these clergymen for ar- rearpay of £80 stg. per annum, being the diflbr- ence between what the Society promised thitm and what they compounded with the Qorem- left with un- kange aa be len brought apparently o (.anada — oiind with nature <>t - but the the burden itatirei, are etormi and Ah to the tion from a guarantee md integrity e. If he Bella the market, waR In 1868. ParliametU. at the open- rell the con- of tlie day cy. As erery question was of 1864-5 by then re< im of money ut there were EJngland who n money and led what they ) claims arose ne to Canada 3r the author- loftheOospel iries Arom that each. The Se- ed a grant of aperial Parlia- sed longer to ut of the Im- 1 the grant, cated to the inue the pay- sqnently, an I the Imperial I miiaionjuries, Jpper Canada, ries — in other 8tead of £200 d from further iergymen, in- iety, accepted m Clergy Re- t the reduced the contraiy, t effect. Only itled to any- rangementwe absolute and and, penaion- i who had no >m the alleged lie clergymen, salary rather ntary support gymen for ar- ingUMdiflbr- romlsed tlicm the QoTtm- ment for, came before the Canadian Parliament along with tho pctitionH of other clergymen who arrived at a later date, in expectation of receiv- ing £200 »in., but who only received £100 a-ywir, un(»>H tlilD I'i'turn Incliido all the dnhonturei> |iiir('liadiuptuiy hjui bur- rowed from Ouvemmeut Provmcial Dab«n- tuTM to the unoiint of $16,000,000, In mcu- rity for which tbn Ih-ovlnctt hoiri u HrHt moriKSKe on the rood and nil itn lippurtcnancoH. 'I'hiii enoriDoiui loivn had proved iiiHiifticient to Hcciiru the c<>in]ik'tion of Ihu workti ; tho iiiontiy jf thtt CompAQV wax all Hpeutaiul Uh credit kouu— iukI more al(i muat he had from the Canadiau cheHt. The Company had a Htrong party in the Houho, conaiMtinK of directont, contmctorH, &c. , but not enough to carry the muaaure, and it became ne- cewary to "concUiato" a number of other n- tereetfl. The Oovemment accordingly brought in a Bill to relievo the Qrand Trunk from pay- ing any interest for five years on the Provincial loan, but to take Grand Trunk Stock, then sell- ing at fifty per cent, discount, in payment ; It iJao provided that the lien held by the Province on the road should be surrendered, that the Provincial debt should rank after all the bonded debt of the Company, and that the Company should borrow $10,000,000 on the London Btock Hxchange, to be secured bv a mortgage on the road similar to that the Province had surrendered. But the manner in which this ten million loan wits to be ex[)ended wiis the most startling fea- ture of the scheme. $2, '250,000 whs to be ex- pended on the western extension of the road, to give it a terminus on the American border. This secured so many wcstiim votes. $4,000,000 was conditioned tx> be expended on the Victoria Bridge at Montreal. TIds was to conciliate the Montreal influence. And thus far, no doubt, the Grand Trunk (Company was benefited. But mark the other conditions that were saddled on the Company. $2,625,000 was conditioned to be spent in continuing the road from 8t. Tho- mas to Rividro du Loup — a line which admit- tedly cannot In: made to pay running expenses, which can hardly be kept open in winter, and which was not demanded, except by the minis- terial necessity of conciliating members from be- low Quebec. But had as tliis wiis, the remainder was worse. $625,000 was conditioned to he ex- pended on a branch line from Three Rivers to Arthabaska — a petty branch road which will cost to build over a million of dollars, and never yield back a sixpence on the investment. This was to conciliate the Three Rivers interest, lastly came $500,000 as sops for the Port Hope and Lindsay, the Cobourg and Feterboro, and the Prescott and Bytown R(^s, to be scrambled for among them. These roads, be it observed, be- ing fdready built and entirely independent of the Grand Trunk. To complete the general demoralization, another Bill was introduced and advanced pari paisu with this, granting 4,000,000 of acres from the public domain to- wards the oonatruction of a railroad along the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, though the Grand Trunk was just completed along the South Shore, and was not paying running expenses. Both bills were duly oanied, and the Ministry thereby saved for the session ; but the utter profligacy of the whole transaction — the un- blushhig manner in which the Ministry pur- chased and the members sold their votes, gave a blow to public morality that will be felt for years tooome. And there was a sequel to the scandalous transaction. This Omnibus Bill was found in- anfficient to relieve the Company from its diffi- cnltiea— and a new Grand Trunk ffill was intro- dno«uae of AiMmbly n, CommiMioner extort » "bribe" Iwyofid the four Caiichnn there- binet, and atari- treac-hery were )ly between the oment Mr. Mao- d, however, the df ( f aureii wai •■ domain to the lud. ion diaplayB In point at which Canada than the Election. For »ve Mt in Parlia- them haa ruled Admioiatration 1 fact that there it their election than 16,000 ad- ouaand of them, ut by thoie who SuouB for their the fraud un- hole number of w Imown not to inieterial party [uembera thruat niiat h'>ld their votea had been 1 with legal pro- ckeryof asking Bfteen thousand ree witneaaea to ttiro Parliament worli waa well if the Province rmoua ezpeuae. Kre the whole and the aeala ^ it was aum- i milder course of a Committee report the beat preaentation of le prompt pun- vetwenaparty ich appears to >wn out — 78 to I voting for it, ud thos, have dnistflring tiie ad the perpe- le unwhipt of has been un- tiile, before a I— Messrs. W. Etnd Dnf^vsne, them until a m end toth* ing efliBct of a r kept in Fkr- Ifaunont by tiirh reaorts, and of crime going vauntinKly nnfii:nlRh)> Nitrrviitie* nf Lift. It has l>e«n justly cauae of load complaint, that while (TpptT Canada conaumos a vast pro- portion of the men^ndiae Imported into th<« Provlnni, the Ix>wflr Canadiana iinpo«n the dutioH upon them, and that wiUiout the itllKbtoat regard to the tuellngH or intereat of tb« Weat, —nay, aomHtimea impnao the ditti<>a in mub a manner aa apccinlly to 1)enollt thttir own arction at the expcnao of Upper ('anada. 'rt>« Tariff uf laat Beasion ia a notable inatancu of thia. Not only were tht duties increaaed on artlclea of neoeaalty, ou raw matetiair, on books and on other at^icloa in direct oppoaitlon to the oameat deairea of tho people of Weatom ("anada — but they were impoaed with the direct intention of forcing the Upper (Janada trade by New York and Boston, iii^> the handa of Montreal and QuhIwo. Some of the amondments that wore Bought to \m made in the Bill, ahow the obnox- ioua points. It was propoMtd largely to incruaae the duties on tea, aagar, and molaaaea, and thia amendment won moved to meet that point : — " Th« prtnclplpg of tho propotjed TarlflT arn Riibvnraivn of *' lb* boat tnteretitii of Caoala, aK InorcwilDff Iho TaxPH " upon oeceMariiM, auit l(iwur!nit thoni upon luxurlcH, Id " \\m mtitakfln view that tlils will produco moro rnvanuii. " — Ibat Ui^ aUdtng walo propoM^l for the artir Im of 'l'«a, " Coffee, Bogar, and ifoUaaoa, will bo li\)urlouR to iUi< trade •• «nd to the eommunlty, and that to obtaia th.it fixity and " MlibnUy ao much required In commorelal matter*, Cun- " (ona IHitliig OB Tea, Ooffne, Raw Hugar, and MolaweB, " abPuU) be placed In the meantime at od tialortm dutien " equiFalent to the Specifle Bate* whirh arn iit pruHunt " pajrable, andahoold ul''.mBtoly bo removed altogcthtT, " *o aa to enable tbe IndaatrM (^laaaoB of Oinada to i with the duty on books. It had b^en her^mort) itbe boast of Canada that education and literature received no check , fxoxa, her Cus- toms offioen ; bat now a postal tax was to le lerlad on newspapers- a dnty of twcntv ixm cent, on tv))ea, of fA\K 'i por cent, on prlntluK paper, anu of ten per > «nt. on books I Effort* were made to rcaiat thei e propoailiona, but with out auimaa. A formal i(u>tion was maduagainH* the book-tax, and 20 to 21 Upper Canadiana voted for it- l>ut the Ixtwer C^uiada phalanx voted it down. Different inl fhilict in favour of Mrmlrml. But the must griovoua part of tho Turifl wah tho ctuuige of tlie wnol« bt the apocltic into aa or other point of growth, while the Up]Ksr Caniula mer- chant muat either l>uy from him or pay duty un the onhance of Upper Canada furc'bly subscrvutut to Lower Canada waa excited throughout the West ; the Boards of Trade petitioned strongly against it — deputations waited ou tho Qovernment and denotmced the scheme — but utterly without avail. All Lower Canada was united in demand- ing It, and the gentlemen from Upper Canada who held their oflScca by favour of Mr. Cartier and his friends, were quite ready to aacriflce their own flection of the country to keep tlioir plocea. "io monstrous an act of acitioiml injus- tice would be of itaelf sufficient to rouse hostility agatnat a couEtitutionol system imder Which it could be practised. Tlu Hudson's Bay Question. The conduct of the Qovernment in reference to the North- West Territories, clearly shows how the highest interests of the country may Ix^ trifled with — if not betrayed — under tho existing constitution. Their evident unwillingnoHS to take any action towarda securing the trade of the West to Canada, and the conduct of the messenger whom they at last despatched to England, raised no alight suspicion thai Ministers were hostile to any extension of the Canadian border iu a westerly direction. But suspicion was changed to aston- ishment and indignation when it came to light that while thQ people of the West were earneutly discussing bow the reign of the Hudson's Bay Company on this continent could bo broken up — the Government of Canada had actually been negotiating, and hod promised to convey to that very Company the mouths of tite six fiioBt important iUvers (lowing £Kan the north into Ifftkes Superior and Hu- ron, besides, stations at two other points, equally valuable. These select spots are within the ac- r\ ^- j i knowIedgedbonndaryofUpperCanadp,, andcom- CompaniM— ia » paark«d instanjoe of the nuJ- mand the trade and commerce 6f the whole administration which everywhere preyaUs. northern interior. All of them have valuable rru-.^. n^o^i. ™«,« .«i^ u- ..,^»(».. «« rv^^i.^ fisheries att.u:hed-and yet the Gove ;:. men t bar- T^«"« ^""^ ^«" '^^'^ ^^ *"^"°°' '° ^^^'^• gained co sell the whole to the Hudson's Bay 1850, to the highest bidder, and among others, Company run tub sum of Firrr po jnds ! ITie ag- ^ company, oi which the proprietor of the Leader gregate quantity of lands to be conveyed was over Jie wspiipcr and two or three friends.under the ;title 50,000 acres, so that the Company was to pay of the York Road Company, pul-chased the three LESS THAN HALF A CENT PER ACRE FOE TUEHi PTE- g'eat Tumpikes in the county of York, leading cg^sE ! west, north, and east irom the city of Toronto. The bargain was closed, the potents were pre l^e price he agreed to pay was $800,400 pared and ready for delivery- but fortunately P'^'^^'t '? r*'^''"^ ''?'''Iu '°«**i"«"*«' ^^^ the scandalous transaction reached the Opposition interest at 5 per cent. The reads have been press, and the thing was denounced in time to ^'^ ?«»" in the Company shands-H has been stop its consummation. But this whole trans- drawing an immense revenue from them, though action remains invol ml in mystery. What could ^.^P^ ^"'^ poor condition, but for yeftrs have induced any Government to make such a *^° Company seems to have entirely omitted sale? The hardy Canadian who starts on his to pay up either principal or interest. By the journey of exploration through the regions of latest official return the amount due on the Superior. and Huron, has to pay SlOO down to ^ork Roads wa« as foUows :- Government to enable him to enjoy the privi- Seven Instalments *.... $106,140 lege of selecting a mining location ; and after Interest to 15th Oct., 1868 117,669 he has selected one, he must pay $1 60 per acre further for a little block of 400 acves. Yes, three $222,699 and a half times more for 400 acres than the Cash paid 108,828 Hudson's Biiy Company were to pay for fifty thousand acves ! Whatthen was the cause of this Arrears on 1 6th Oct. , 1858 $114,871 strange transaction? On the 30th June, 1858, Instalment and Interest due, 16th an ettbrt was made to force an explanation. A October, 1859, 34,649 motion was made in the house of assembly for a committee to " inquire and report as to all the Arrears due 15th Oct., 1869 . . . . $149,020 facts." Will it be believed that iill inquiry was re- Instalments yet to mature 180,240 fused and the motion thrown out by Lower Cana- — — __ da votes ? The Inst mail from Red River brought Total Debt $329,260 us an extract of a letter from a reliable friend of t* -n u ii. r ^i_ ^ ^,- .n- , •« j Canada in England, which may throw some I* will be seen therefore, that the York Road light in the transaction. It is ns follows :- Company is m default to Government for no «= lees an amount than $149,020, aijd that its "Mr. Cartier. the Canadian Prime Mini.stcr, liability is at this day $28,8'30 grjater than " was over hero last autumn, and scemrf to have when they came into its possession. It ]« im- " satisfied Sir K. I'lUhv.T of the hope' fthuucss of an- possible not to ccnclude that this immense "nexation. lie told bim very I', tnlily that, as sum has been permitted to remain uncollected ''the bead of tlic Lower Canadian part any as the price of the Leader'i support to the " proposal of the kind would meet with bis de- Administration of the day, and that the violent " teiiniued (.ppDsitidii -as it would be putting a assaults of that Journal on the opponents " puliiital exiiuguiflier iijion the party and the of the Government are the ccnfidv-ration given ' Pioyince lie leiui^kcnteil ; and, if c .nied out, fi'om week to week for delay in the coliec- " would le -d to a dissolution of (he Union." tion of these arrears. ■ ■'■ --' " '"■ •" • '" -^ ' ; • •■ •. "f . ->/'.'-■ >»■■,■''' C.iu it be pos^iilile that while avowing a desire And so long ns the York Roads Company tosecuie the North Western traffic for Canada, >« permitted to delay payment, so long Lower Canidaintluencc has been secretly striving |^"«^ "^^^ the other road-buyers be aJlow-l ^ , ,.,.. , . .,, , ' , ° the same indulgence. Mr. William Miller, to place every dilhculty in the way of success-le&t another political frjend of the Government, the in:i'-ix of an energetic race of Anglo-Saxon was permitted to be in r.riear on the pioneers into thiwe vnht legions with the right to "^'^^^ of October, 1858, $48,274, for the rcpiesentatian in the union should give a totally ^""fZ ^^ Waterloo Roads. The Hamilton ' , . ,, , , . ,.,.,, '"^^ Port Dover Roa- !.!■'■ '■■ V t D J " "■'•"' -■•'•'•'''"• ^ In Queen's Pnnitrfhp. ■lahs-jmt The York Roads. Pwhaps the most scandalous job "conttoaotidt The conduct of the government in regard to and systematically" perpetrated u^dw th« go- certain great Turnpike Roadtt of Upper Canada, Vemment, is that under the title of th^ Qiie«n'l built by the Province, bat eold to private Printership. Weselect itout<;>f manjwwmplM, il im taipe of the nud- ywhere prevaUs. tlon, in October, nd among others, rietor of the Leader nd8,nnder the title ui-chased the three of York, leading le city of Toronto, ly itaa $800,400 nstalments, with rcada have been bands — it has been roni them, though a, but for years I entirHy omitted interest. By the Dount due on the ...... $106,140 117,569 $222,699 108,828 $114,871 e, 16th 34,649 9 .... $149,020 180,240 $329,260 ;hat the York Road Jovernmerit for no ,020, apd that its 8,860 greater than Rfsession. It ia im- that this immense remoin uncollected '« support to the md that the violent on the opponents ccnFid^ration given ielay in the coliec- rk Bonds Company payment, so long buyers be allowa r. William Miller, f the Qovemment, 1 r.near on the $48,274, for the ids. The Hamilton apany owed at the the Hamilton and Again and again has been called to th»se ut the unblushing of Upper Canada of ver Canada robberies elds him and those in ly serious attempt to by such means, and lis of the last few Its in the pr«u of inttrsMp. • ■ ni h -n^.-t us Job "«mtllin6,539 — and what their profits upon that one job were, may be esvimatcd from this, that while the Printer of the Legislative Assem- bly has contracted for the whole comnosition of the House at 28 cents per thousand ems, Messrs. Desl^arats and Derbishire receive 50 cents per thousand ems ; While tlie House Printer contracts for press- work at 15 cents per token, Messrs. Desljarats and Derbishire get $1 25 per token ; and were the binding of the Statutes done by contract, there would be a saving on thaL item alone, of $3,C8U per annum. At the least calculation, were the work now done under this monopoly offereWttr Canada sustained the Job. The Montreal Pilot mercharges $8,786. The manner in which Government obtains apologists in the ptebs is well exemplified by tiia case of the Montreal Pilot. This journal, which is chiefly reniir!::ili1e for abuse of all who oppose the has been sustained tor years ment patronage lis proprietor, Mr. Rollo Campbell has for some years printed the Journ- als (k the Assembly, and here are some extracts from the report of tlie (Committee on Printing for the year 1858, on his account : — " Your " Committee cannot in :hi8 instance speak of a " contract, for it does not nppear that a contract " was ever entered into with Mr. Campbell, nor '' can your Committee even find the tender " which was accepter. Ryerson had for soma years been systematically drawing from the public chest large sums of the public money, long before they were needed— ^putting \h* money on speciu deposit at the Bank of Upp«c Canada, and secretly pocketing the biter- est he had bargained to receive ! It trog dildi^ iis ; .1 l-l ii': Mi|#«#In tW« in^ tbe wvwndigwrtlwwaii had jKMfJHN^ lUmaalf of the {cUiVfdag winu :— Inl881 $5549 80 Inl862 148 W |b1868 01138 In 1864 1,324 63 I11I8S6 8.176 80 "' , ' 'Vr T^tal »6,£04 16 r-aod to wh»t eztcntit might have gone had the t|)j|ng Bipt.aoddeiiitally been di«cpv«)red, It ii} not eiw^ to aay ; for aa the appropriations were made frolm month to inonth with impdillty, the ba- UuMMaocamulsted withprogresBive regularity. )n^<|h« wpxifi of the Auditor General: "The ",t«pdei|ioy of such a syOtem is fordb|ly illv;*- "'nrated oy the gradual grow^ of t|he ^li^ces "ita the Superintendent's hands fitnn 1861, 'A iwbea the practice was first b«gun, till Hite end "frf]1866. The balance 9n wdiiich he reoeived "iQ^rept in the first half of 1^1 app^^to "have "been fB,312, exclusive of that b«longiug "totheBnading Fund ; and it constantly in- " creased, till in theltut half of 1856 it had Hiuihtd "$112,940!" When these facts were brought to light, Dr. ^y^rgon averred that he approp^ted this intemt with the sanction of Mr. Hinc^. "VThen urged to write Mr. Hincks for proof of this, he ^failed to adopt that oonrHo;and when VipiKh^,))^o^^ the Committee of Public Ao- oounts and croeB^x»minii jil^iice on th^ stdd lour in £\u:opei that &(> Mid ihiin $9^ for his nerV^ott), and this mnp^ iom beire(j(rtd to him. ..',i;^.; ''■■'. ^j . \i "■ „ ) Mh. Hut the Boaid ol' BdncdAm aiit In Ms (Dr, Byerson's) house for six montha/nona^oly, |a4&— and he wa« entitled to some oonsideni' ndn therefor. 6th. Thiit since 1851, large additional dutiM had bean thrown upon the Bnperlntendant of Gduo^^n, that were not contemplated when he was appointed. Now fu regards the first itom, it wotild have been answer sufficient for the (Jovemment to giVe that Dr. RyerHon took his money quarterly froBL 1844 to 1860 and signed tuU acquittonoes ; tiiat la made an attempt to establish euch a claiDO at the time, but was refused by Govem- rocut ; and that notliing had been heard of it for some oon«id«ar idditional datiM iupieiintondeni of mplated whon he I, it woiild. have )vemihent to glVe money quarterly nil acqulttanoeB ; estnbligh euch a used by Govem- len heard of it for brought forward londitem will be 3aa recall to me- 1814. T^jeiactis ^pefora year that aaa at bis con- entered on the r Oharla Udealje gratUnde far Dr. aan and eulogut >nd October, 1844, led ta August vhat > England wit!^ a i8t of Victoria Col- atinent and to in- items of the most >e. and that I did itics of the Edu- med at that time, become vacant) he ■ove oi my views, f emiuiry of such il interests of the cpreased a vdHing- e sanction of his lie prmceh/ MberaiUy rider uoy oAher as- te to the greatest ins and onqniriM ivance the beat in- of his going to liberality" should iich application as loffovrteewiyears ial Report of 1846 gentleman there ve, WITHOUT any INGE, to visit the e," &. Pr Ryerson de- UQited payment of ry visit ! nvon are op ap(^ >rthy of oon^idferik- standiug, put their I paid Dr. Btersto his demand. He —And as this did not quite ootot the aiDoount constituents not on^e \)ifili of ih^ta opnld foe M- of the interest to be repaid, another Order elected. Some way must be found of escwing in Council wa* passed making a seoond per- the ordeal. And a way was found. An Act bad manent increase of Dr. Ryerson's salary of been passed in the Ression of 185*4^6, '•'fdxther to $1,000 a year in direct defiance of the Statute " secure the independence of Parliament," in fixing his salary at $2,000 a year ! The Rev. which provision was made for the exchange of gentleman therefore received : — their oflBces by two Cabinet Ministers without re- Salary for 1868 $4,000 election, when such a change should be found Back salary for 1867 1,000 advantageous. The words of the Statute ar« Old claims 5,216 these:- " Whenever any person holc-jg the omot qf Total $10,215 " Receiver aeneral, Inspector-Generj^l, 4«., an4 An attempt was made in the Assembly to con- '' ^^ »* the same time a member cf the Im)^ demn this transaction, but with theusual result. Jatiye Assembly, or an elected membw of Um It was moved, " That thiw House deeply regrets T^gwlative Council, shall resigii his office, and " to find that the Executive Government during within one month after hw resignation accept " the year 1868, of its own responsibility and in ''f^J otter of the said offices, he shall not theie- "directdefiance of Statute, increased the salaries ['^V vacate his seat in the said Assenably or "of the Superintendents of Education to four Council. " thousand dolkrs per annum, back-dating the The marginal note to this clause is, " Certain " said increase fh>m the 1st January, 1867, and "officers may vacate one office and aowpt " paying the same from the public chest without " another v.-ithin a certain time, without vacat- "sanction of Parliament." Lost— yeas 40, nays "ing their seats." It had never been conceived 68— thirty Upper Canadians voting for it, and for a moment that this clause went beyond th« only sixteen against it. lower Canada votes mere exchange of offices by two members of an justified the deed. existing Administration ; but, in the despera- We make no comment on this transaction, tion of the case, it was deternuned^ hv Sir IM- From first to last it is replete with evidence of mund Head and his advisers, tha* it should be the humiliating deptii to which the management ™»f^«tto ?>■«*«?* ^o/ t^e entire defunct MAOdOr of the public affidrs of our coun+rv has descended. nald-Cartier Cabinet coming back to offioe with- ' out re-election. Accordingly, to carry out the The Double Shuffle. scheme with le^,.d precision, each g«ndeman The proceedings known to the world as the Jf«f, ^ t"^"^ J^tl^!ST'^LfT«.^ .._.,„. _,°,, , . , ., J. , , that he had previously held, and iinmedi- " Double Shuffle," furmsh another disgraceful ^^ely after sworn out of it and into hla example of the pass to which the Gtovernment old post ! At five minutes before twelve p' dock ofour country has been brought. We speak not at night each member of the Administration now of the concocted resignation of the Cartier- ^^^.^f' ^\.^^l ^^^enior General, holding -, , ,..,.. X i.. . . i. ,oco .the Bible in hjs hand, administered a solemn Macdonald Administration in August, 1868— of q^^^i to him before high Heaven— each of them the hollow tender of office to Mr. Brown — swearing I)efore the Almighty, that he woqld of the motion of want of confidence within an fulfil the duties of an office he had not the hour of the Brown-Dorion Government being l^^t^l* intention of ever entering upon. And , J , -. .X 1 L J then when the hour of midnight struck, up they sworn fai, and before its members had even g^,^ ^^^ ^^^^^ t^is precious representative the opportunity of appearing before tlieir con- of British Sovereignty and swore again new stitnents for re-election or of defining their policy oaths before God, and changed back to their old to Parliament. It is to what followed we mean Placef ! Was a more blasph^us act w per- now to refer. As the result of that vote, the petrated-a fiiise appeal to Heaven made ttie Brown-Dorion Ministry advised a dissolution of ^eans of defrauding the people of Canada of a Pariiament. His Excellency refused to grant a high constitutional right ! Our constitutional sys- dlssolution-although the offer of office without tern in this countiy has been but wi expenment this power, was utter mockery. The members of -the problem had to be solved whethor BritWi the Government in consequence tendered their constitutional government could be worked effi- resignations, which were at once accepted ; but cientlym Canada ; but we hesitate not to say having been six days in office, they had all to go **»** t^« Governor General and his Mmisten, baek to their em^ituencietfor rt-eUelim ; and though ^y that act, did more than all else to bnng the strongly opposed they were all re-elected. The exuitmg system into contempt, fiarce having been played out^-the leading Qui Ihm actions were afterwards oom- men of the Opposition having been tricked menced, by a private citizen of Toronto, out of their seats in Parliament— and Mr. Gait against three members of the Government, to having lieen "sent for" without result — the recover the penalty of £500 for sitting and road was clear to bring back the old Ministers, voting in Pariiament contrary to the Statute. But a diffic'dty stood in the way. Mr. John A. Counsel for plaintiff showed that the whole Macdonald, Mr. Cartier and their colleagues thing was a fraudulent shuffle— that the Act were no longer Ministers. Their Cabinet was was never intended to apply to the entire defunct ; they had all resigned their offices, change of an Administration — and that if it had, The members of the Brown-Dorion Government there was no real change of office in this case, had been fully installed, and held office for six but a dishonest pretence of change for a few days ; and whoever succeeded to the seats vacat- moments to enable Ministers to deprive the edby them, must be held as "accepting an office electors of their constitutional rignt. The "of emolument under the Crown," and must Judges decided, however, that without approving oonsequentlygo back to the people for re-election, of the actor supposing that the Legislature Here was a difficulty for men thoroughly un- meant to legalize such a proceeding, the letter popular tn the oountiy. If they went to their of the law covered what lud been done. 14.1 :'M I I ' i :»Aj,j .-■ t ■ i- r.ii. 1 1'-* V (,'ri .. .1.1 J -.'L . -."» — -- ■- ' ^- ■•«. ^m "^'H ' i /'Ml ' ■ li: if )y^; «f:W 'i-fe 7V Munieipd Loan Fund. TIm bUtoiy of the Municipal Loan Fund con- Teyi ft vary dear view of the state of matters undi»r the existing system of government. There are some five hundred and nfty Municipal Cor- porations in Upper Canada. They have all the right of borrowing money for local purposes, provided they make provision at the time of borrowing by the imposition of a direct tax suf- ficient to meet tiie annual interest, and an annual paymeht of five per cent, towards discharging the principal. These securities were thus per- fectly safe — and it was cause of much regret that they were often sacrificed at ruinous rates, from then: tme value being unknown in the money market. A measure was in consequence intro- duced in the session of 1862-3, authorizing the Qoremment to create a Municipal Loan Fund, into which the several municipalities desiring to borrow, should pay eight per cent, annually for thirty years — the principal and interest to be then extinguished. On the security of this fund , and on it ^one. Government was to issue Muni- cipal Loan Fund Debentures, setting forth clearly the conditions on which they were issued. To make sure that no municipality would exceed the bounds of discretion. Government was to decide on the legality and expediency of every loan appUed for. At first, this scheme worked admirably. The value of Municipal -Debentures rose, and no evil was apprehended. But after a while, the number of applicants became very great — the speculation fever ran over the country — and MinisterB being hard pressed for Upper Canada supporters, used their power over the Mimicipal Fund to soothe restive members and influence votes in contested elections. Enormous sums were thus lent to particular constituencies — sums hs beyoimd their ability to repay and for objects from which a return could not reasonably be hoped for. Alarm was taken, and the Fund was closed— but not before $7,800,000 had been negotiated through its means. Then it was dlKOvered that the Town of Cobourg, contain- ing at last census 8,871 souls, had received from the taai the enormous snm of $600,000 ; that the town of Niagara, containing at last census 8,840 souls, had received $280,000 ; that the town of Brantford, with 8,877 souls had received $600,000; that the town of Brockville, with 3,286 souls, had received $400,000; and that the town of Port Hope, containing 2,476 souls, had received the enormous sum of $860,000, or about $860 for every man, woman and child in the place! These five small towns, with an aggre^te population of 16,800, succeeded in extracting from the Government the vast snm of $2,&M>,0M), or more than one-third of the whole Fund! The following tables show the municipidities that borrowed,|wlth their respective populations : Connns.— Elgin, pop.26,418 $80,000 Ibsex 16,817 82,000 Qr»y 12,845 16,000 .„, Hastings 31,977 167,600 ''Huron and Bruce. 22,085 808,000 ' ,; Lambton 10,816 16,000 .; Lanark &Benfrew,36,782 800,000 tincohi 28,868 48,000 Nortiiumberland & Durham 61,961 460,000 Oxford 22,688 20,000 ; ..xuFerth 16,646 288,000 $2,226,600 290,661 TommHiw.— Bertie. . . 2,787 Brantford 6,410 Canboro 1,151 Elizabethtown . . . 5,208 Hope 2,476 Moulton and Sher- brooke 2,318 Middleton 1,721 Norwich. 5,239 Ops 2,612 Stanley 2,064 Wainfleet 1,841 Windham 2,900 Woodhouse 2,894 ■ '■ *' 39,471 Towns.— Barrie 1,007 Belleville 4,569 Brantford 3,877 Brockville 2,236 Chatham 1,070 Chippawa 1,193 Cobourg 3,871 Cornwall 1,04'' Dundas 3,617 Goderich 1,329 Guelph 1,860 London 7,035 Niagara 3,340 Ottawa 7,760 Paris 1,890 Peterboro 2,191 Port Hope 2,476 Prescott 2,156 St. Catharines. . . . 4,3G8 Simcoe 1,452 Stratford 1,500 Woodstock 2,112 64,466 $7,300,000 Noiv, it will be observed that out of the forty- two Counties in Upper Canada, only fourteen received any money from the Loon Fund. These fourteen favoured coimties contain an aggregate population of 290,651 — and they received $2,225,600 directly, and $2,140,000 through township and town municipalities, or in all $4,366,000. The balance of the fund, or $2,935,000 was borrowed by 26 towns and town- sliips, containing an aggregate population of only 76,147 souls ! Thus the whole fund of $7,300,000 was swallowed up by an aggregate population of 366,798 — and the remaining por- tion of the people of Upper Canada, comjiriaing a population of 585,206, got not one penny. There would have been little hardship in this to those who got no money from the Fond, had those who got it been compelled to pay back. But far from having been made to pay back — they have been encouraged to repudiate ; and the muncipalities tliat did not borrow from the Fund, have had to pay their own debts in full and a large share of their defaulting neighbours' debts besides. The Government, instead of resisting the growing tendency towards repudiation, last Session capped the cli- max of the whole business when pressed for Upper Canada votes to get their Lower Canada Seigniorial robbery Bill through Parliament. They coupled with it a genoral repudiation scheme, not for the muniripalities unable to pay — b«tfor the whole of tho debts due to the Loan $40,000 1 nur 60,000 8,000 1 ' 1. i ) fl' 154,000 ■.■ •»iirttTt 60,000 20,000 .■I I't^lj'-.; 5,000 200,000 ■ .l,-\ 80,000 1 10,000 20,000 100,000 ,, ,.\ 80,000 ■ , .,•...». 8>^7 000 $12,000 ! ■'. 1 ' ' ' 20,000 .i, . 600,000 . i; .!> 400,000 M ' > 100,000 111.;:. , ■ 26,000 • \tfi[ . ■• 500,000 ■ ;• ■•(". .2,000 .i. ' . ' J 52,000 I ;..-.'R.li 100,000 ■! #t 80,000 375,400 :•■( '^|1' 280,000 t ; • f \ 1 200,000 40,000 100,000 , . . ■.' 800,000 - 100,000 190,000 ■■' '. : 1 100,000 ' i ^■.^■f'*^ 100,000 ■ ■ » .'>lll 100,000 4,247,400 ^»r ^W" WWT''^ 40,000 50,000 8,000 :. . ' n; 54,000 . .'. ty 60,000 20,000 li 'a;>\! 6,000 S00,000 •.j.:t 80,000 . 1 •■ 10,000 20,000 00,000 80,000 8>>7 000 H2,000 ' ■ 1 ' ! ■ " ' 20,000 .i. ■, . >00,000 It .ii 400,000 ; i ' •' • 100,000 n» . ;. , 26,000 Ujh '• )00,000 ; ' '■: ('• .2,000 ... i 62,000 , ,;.;'f..ii 100,000 •I #1 80,000 t(. •*, > 375,400 : 1 :iil: 280,000 ■ ;. (4. 200,000 40,000 100,000 800,000 -. " '_ __ 100,000 ' ' 190,000 •' ■ ■ ; . 100,000 . . ,;h) '!.• 100,000 100,000 4,247,400 $ 7,300,000 »t out of the forty- ia, only fourteeu Loani'und. These ntain an agKregate d they received 5,140,000 throtigh palities, or in all of the fund, or 15 towns and town- ate population of tie whole fund of > by an aggregate he remaining por- anada, comi)riBing not one penny, le hardship in this rom the Fund, had 3d to pay back. But o pay back — they spudiate ; and the row from the Fund, eir own debts >f their defaidting The Government, i;rowing tendency sion capped the cli- i when pressed for heir Lower Canada rough Parliament, enend repudiation klities minble to pay bts doe to the Loan 39 Fond— although by for the greater part of the Orand Trunk do not show the traiBo 'i»- manicipalities were perfectly able to meet their turns on the several sections of that road ; obligauons. The whole of the borrowing munici- but a statement was published in 1867 of palities were allowed to get off from their bar- the roceijits on the several sections of the gains by paying in annually to the Receiver Gen- road for the first nineteen weeks after the line eral a sum equal to one shilling per pound on the wiis opened from Stratford to St. Thomas. That assessed annual value of the taxable property statement showed the comparative earnings to within their several municipalities. And have been as follows : — this without Miy regard to the amounts Montreal and Island Pond ... .$69 90 per mUe. of the several debts, or the unequal Toronto and Stratford 59 47 " " effect it would have on the several muni- Portland and Island Pond 54* " " dpaUties. One or two facts will show tlie Toronto and Montreal 50 1 " " 5^*<2l.*^". '^''?™®- Bfantford.tliat borrowed Quebec and Richmond 19 05 " '• •600,000, has to pay but $9,148 perjumum Quebec and St. Thomas 2 77 " " Vhlle Lincoln that borrowed less than a tenth of „ . . . ^ . . . , , the amount has to pay $6,803. Cobourg that , ^.f K''«a*^ temptation here, one w;ould say, to borrowed $600,000 has to pay but $7069, while ^'"J*'^, ^ ««<^oi\" ^iff either below or above Quebec Hgin that borrowed but $80,000 must pay ,T''"* such Is the «;heme towards which the •9,610 per annum. Niagara that borrowed *'"''^"\??®"* °^ <^?^'V^,^:!f« devoted 6,500,000 •280,000 has but $2,721 to pay, while Hastings '«^f« "» land, and $1,200,000 from the Munici- that borrowed only half the amount, hns $16,049 P'-*' l^'^n Fund ! ^^ to pay. And so on throughout the whole. Nothing r,..',, ■ tvffJtt/ Could be more hurtful. The municipalities that We might cite numerous other examples of borrowed moderately are compelled% to pay ., , Iromptly, and those that borrowed mldly are *"** lamentable results of the existing system > be rewarded for their recklessness. And it is on the ;?eneral afeirs of the Province : but we to be feared we have not yet seen the end of the matter. It is not easy to stay the spirit of repu- '"'"'^ *nere is enough. Could anything add diation once it gets abroad-and if the Govern- to the force of the examples of the system ment of Canada w to be longer maintamed by '^ ' plAying off one section against the other, by ^^ ^^^^^ recited, it would be some extracts from balancing jobs in one section with jobs in the the Ministerial jotimals, showhig the abandoned 6ther — it is to be feared that bad as wa« this ° last composition with the defaulters, we shall *on« in which they venture to boast of the cor- |roj»bly yet hear again of the Mimicipal Loan rupt practices on which the whole governmental It was an instructive illustration of the work- *'*^™ °°* '">^^- The re-election of the Solici- Ing of the Legislative union, that after the evils ^^ General of Lower Canada is at this moment of the Municipal Loan Fimd of Upper Canada going on in the County of Terrebonne— and the had been discovered-after it was ascertained ^^^ns of the Government have not only boart- that iobbing, and repudiation, and heavy loss to .4.4, .„ . the Province had resulted from the mode of its "^ '^^' ""^* '"^ ^» ^ "P^^* »» '^^« administration by the Governments-after it was ^°**'»- ^»* *^^ ''^ief feature of the content fesolved to abolish the Fund as an admitted have been the hopes held out to the electors evil— it was notwithstanding deemed absolutely that, if returned, Mr. Morin may en- necessary to open another similar Fund for tirely release the County from a debt Lower Canada, and allow the municipalities of . *ioAAnn •* ^ xi. 1. < . , , .. _ . . ! . . J u* i iu r. * r °^ $120,000 it owes to the Municipal Loan the East to get into debt to the Government for *^ ^^ a precisely similar amount as the municipalities ^'^nd— and put in navigable order a local of the West ! And how little profit was derived stream from the funds of the Province, ftrom the experience of the past, may be learned And such appeals are now no novel feature in from this, that the last transaction negotiated our election contests. There was a time when through this Lower Canada Fund, was lending . ., , , , , • ^, , . , •1 OAA nnn * *!, n-^ f ,^ i • if ^"''^ a Suggestion would have sealed the fate of •1,200,000 to the Oitv of Quebec— or one-sixth of the whole Fund--though that city at last «">• candidate for election in Upper Canada who census contained but 42,062 souls, or not a dared to utter it ; but it is no longer so. Nay, twentieth of the population of Lower Canada, we have arrived at a point when the direct Nor did the scheme on which this vast sum was application of corrupt influences to members to be expended improve the character of the ^^^^ is unblushingly avowed by the Ministerial transaction. The money was borrowed to con- struct a railway along the North Shore of the journals, as the Ministerial policy for averting St. Lawrence, though the South Shore is already the result of a complete defeat at the polls! occupied by the Grand Trunk from Montreal to Quebec and many miles below. What prospect When th« fact was ascertained, that the Go- there is of any return from a second road may vernment had been defeated in Upper Ca- be learned from this fact, that but one passen- ger train daily can be sustained from Quebec up- nada at the last general election, no^ even wards, and one train three days in the week if ^^^ f ,5^^^^ ^f the Administration conceived that t)M snow . permits, does all the work below Quebec I llie publidied statements of the they would venture to enter on anew Parliameat % I 99 wtth 00^7 tiectionai minority, aQdandettAkesy*- own public men for the highest poMitiopa of tooatlaJly to nUe Upper Oaniida by Lower Cana- S^**, but they place in the Cabinet and ipaln- da ▼otea— and great was the alarm in conse- quence. But the Oovemment organ shed new tain there as the representatives of Upper Canada men who have not the confidence of the people of Upper Canada, and who htive been repeatedly Bght on the case. "Our object," said the condemned by a majority of the Upper Canada Leabr, " is to disabuse those who suppoee that members. Let us place this fact beyond doubt. " im apparent victory for the Opposition in Up- " per Canada constituencies is to bring about a " revolution," &a " Your Clear Grit is the " most subservient wretch in the State. Hold " a petty o£Sce before his eyes, and he in down " on his marrow-bones before you in an instant. " It is fortsnate for British connection that our " Qov&mments have generally (at least of late " years) been thoroughly cognizant of this phi- " loeophic &ct. Let our timorous readers, then, " take courage. The worst that can befal us is the " payment of a small sum for a few stray Cleai " Qrits. ' ' The ministry did not succeed in buying up <«ie tried member of the Opposition — but the tmst is as imquestionable as it is deplorable that they did suoceed in seducing to their support se- TOral members-elect, who had denounced their proceedings at the polls and were returned in direct opposition to them. Whether it was by the appliances sugg'^sted by the Leader, the pub- lic may never know ; but this is certain, that one member who was charged at the hustings with entering Farlieunent to secure a large money eUum against the Oovemment, and who replied that the charge was utterly groundless, and that he " would sell all the claims he had against it fior a dollar" — has received from the public chest in the two short sessions he has occupied a seat, tnt in cash $125,769 ; second in cash, $14,6d4 ; and he is striving now to obtain over ttiirty thousaad dollars further as the balance alleged to be due on the very claims he denied at the hustings to exist, and offered to dispose of to any one for a dollar 1 LOWER GAHABA RULES TIFFER CA- VADA EVSH IN LOCAI. HATTEBfi. Not only do we complain that the influence of the Union on the general conduct of public affidrs is utterly unsatis&ctory — but we fiirther allege, that it enables Lower Canada politicians five for the motion to twenty against it to rule the people of Upper Canada to an extent Upper Canada vote against Ministers had in- and in a manner which no high spirited jieople creased from lix to fifteen. Notwithstanding CsniMliMiB are enabled not only to select their fiance to Upper Canada. In the debatM whiali On the 20th of May, 1866, a direct vote of want of confidence was moved In the following terms : — " That the course of the administration with " reference to the question of the Seat of Qovem- " ment and other important public qnesnbns " has disappointed the just expectation of the " great majority of the people of this Province." This motion was lost on a division of 70 to 47 ; but thirty-three Upper Canadians voted for it, and only twenty-seven against it. The Ministry thereupon resigned — on the express ground that they wei^ condemned by a minority of the re- presentatives of Upper Canada. The Premier in his ofBcinl explanation to Parliament used these words : — " Immediately after the vote was taken on the " motion t>f want of confidence tlie Government " perceived that they were in a minority of six, " so far as regards the Upper Canada represen- "tatives." « «» « ITie Postmaster General " (Spence) stated that being in a minority of " votes in Upper Canada, he felt it his dnty " imiiei SUCH circumstances to resign the ofiice " au held. ' Ihe iloii. Aii. Morrison " also telt " that ho must follow the example that was set "by his senior the Postmaster General." At- torney General Macdonald expressed fals con- viction "that having been left in a minority of " six in Upper Canada, the Government of the " country could not be carried on with that " degree pf vigour necessary considering the " great questions before the country," and ten- dered liis rengnation. Mr. Cayley concurred "in the propriety of the course taken by our " Upper Canada Colleagives." A new shu£9e of the Cabinet ofiices was made — Sir Allan MacNab and Mr. Drunmiond wert out, and Messrs. Vankoughnet and Terrill came in. Sir Allan was no longer Premier, but a Lower Canadian (Col. Tach^) filled his place. Tlie announcement of this new Cabinet was at once met in Parliament by a direct vote of want of confidence: — , ,(,.,, ,,, . " That an humide address bo presented to his " Excellency the Governor General, expressing " the regret of this House, that the ree^nt " changes in t)ie adininistration are not snoh as " to secure to tlie coQHtitutional advisers of " his Excellency the confidence of t^is House " and of the country." This moticoi was only lost by four votes— 68 to 54, — and the Upper Canada vote stood thirty- The '■.-:if. Igheat poMitioDB of Cabinet and qtaln- vw of Upper Caaada [ence of the people &ve been repeatedly the Upper Canada fact beyond doubt, direct vote of want in the following administration with f the Seat of Qovem- it public qnesnbnB expectation of the le of this Province." division of 70 to 47; dians voted for it, ist it. The Ministry express ground that majority of the re- lada. The Premier to Parliament used ,11. : ,, ote was talcen on the ace tlie Government in u minority of six, ler Canada represen- I Postmaster General ig in a minority of m felt it his duty s to resign the otiice Morrison " also telt ixample that was set ister CJeneral." At- exprested his con- left in a minority of Government of the rried on with that irj' considering the country," and ten- r. Cayley concurred course taken by our net offices was made [r. Drununond wert let and Terrill came ger Premier, but a 6) filled his place. I new Cabinet was at I direct vote of want i 1)0 presented to his General, expressing e, that the l-e<^nt ition are not snoh as utional advisers of ence of this House by four vote*— 68 da vote stood thirty- ty against it. The t Ministers had in- Notwithstandiag ) of Lower Canada to office and bid de- t the debatM mhklh I foUowod, however, Mr. John A. Maodonald was compelled to make the adniission thai " uo Ad- " ministration could hope successfully to govern " this country by a majority of one section and " a minority of the other," — and he placed on record the following resolution as his matured view on this point :— "flMoiwKf-Tl.at while the principle of the " Double Majority is not recognized l)y the f lon- "stjtution, it is the opinion of this House that " any continuous and systematic government of " one section of the Province in opposition totlio "expressed wishes of that section, would l>e " fraught with danger to the well-being of the "Province." It is now over two yearn since the Government appealed to the country to olittoiu if possible new strength in Upper Canadti ; they wore ignomixi- onsly defeated at the polls — but they hiive con- tinued ever since to rule the Province, in ^ittir defiance of Upper Canada opinion. Tlie Govern- :vient employed every means to secure success ; •nd tiae most reckless devices ^ere re- tried to for that end — but in vain. When tlie House broke up, thirty-seven meml)ers from Up- per Canada were supporting the Administration; of tliese.five did not seek re-election, two sought nomintition but failed, seventeen were rejected at the polls, and but thirteen succeeded in ob- taining re-election ! Tlirce of tlie five Ministers of ihe Crown were timong the defeated — namely, Mr. Inspector-General Cayley, Mr. Receiver- General Morrison, and Mr. Postmaster-General Bpence — an event unparalleled in Parliamentary Ustory. In marked contrast to this, every ipember of the Opposition who sought re-election was triumphantly returned. Kor have Ministers been left in ignorance of the views of the Representatives of the people. On 16th July, 1868, it was moved:— "That an <' humble Address be presented to His Excel- " lency the Governor General, setting forth that "His Excellency's Advisers in the Frovindal "Cabinet do not possess the confidence of the " Representatives of the people of Upper Canada "in this House ; and respectfully entreating His " Excellency that until he shall be enabled to " summon to his Council men in whose judg- " ment and political principles the Upper Cana- " dian Members of the House can rely, His Ex- "cellency will be graciously pleased to withhold " the exercise of his undoubted prerogative in all " appointments to places of trust and emolument, " which are now vacant or may become vacant in " Upper Ganada,until such time as he can receive "advice concerning the same from Members "of an Administration which slioll faithfully " represent the well understood wishes and in- "tsrests of lx>th sections of the Province." Hiia motion was supported by 26 Upper Cana- dians to 17 against it. On the 28th April, 1869, this same motion was repeated, when 30 Upper Canada members voted ) for it and 22 oeainst it. The vecu were Messrs. Aikins, Foley, Munro, BaU, Oonld, Notman, wt., Biggsr, Harcourt, Patrick, Btnvn, Hogan, Powell, Walker, Baohanan, Howland, Boss, James, BurweU, McDonald, J. S.Rymal, Guaeron, M. Mattioe, Shortt, Olvk, McDougall, Stirton, ;•• ic CiuBor, MoKeUar, White, .. ' -u Finlayson, Mowat, Wright. Kf; .4 \-. To these would have been added, had they beefi present, Messrs. Cook, D. A. McDonala, Walhridgr, Mcrritt. Dorland, Hartman, and probably Gowan — making in all 87. Had afl the other members gone with the Government, —and that is not [irobablo — they could have had hut 27 votes; and thisfact is not to be overlook- ed that the thirty seven oppositionists represent constituencies which had at last census a groea population of 6^iO,000, while those sv^Orttng the Government represent only 390,(X)D. Tlie Government of the country then has been cu- rled on for over two years in " oontinuounatid systematic" defiance of the feelings and wishes of Upper Canachi as expressed by her represetittt- tivos. !■ '-'i Sedarianism Forced into the U. C. Softool SytUn. But further — the whole legblatioD of the last few years has been a record of attempt^ to force on Upper Canada, in Upper Canada nuitr. ters. Lower Canada views t Who, for instance, commenced the Sectarian School agitsJtionT When the Bill of 1849 had swept away all Sec- tarianism from the national system, without a word of complaint from any portion of the people interested — who forced on the Sectarii^i clause of 1850, the Sectarian School bill of 1861, and of 1853, and of 1856. and of 1866? Who, but the members from Lower Canada? It was not enough that we must witness patiently the nuier- able results of Sectarian education in the lo^fo' Province — it was not enough that tens of thqiis- ands of pounds annually must be paid from the earnings of the people of Upper Canada for the support of se- " lie Works of the Province, shfdl have the same " right of appeal to the Iaw Courts agi:4n8t.anf " decision of the Government ai!l)itratoi^,H» t^, " Bill <'onter» on parties in Lower Qumtilk" . o l -^.^.••^^J|^j|^y.,r, Now will it be credited, that this amendment I thrown out — and thrown out by Lower Ca- nada Totes r Thirty Upper Canadianii voted for it and twenty agahiRt It — but thirty-two Ixiwer Canadians voted against it and only fourteun for it. Surrogati Reform dented nJJ.C. ky L. C. votes. When the Surrogate Court Bill wa^ l)elore i'ar- liamentin theSecision of 1868 — it was moved that the Bill be amended — "By giving the proposed Jurisdictiou of the *' Surrogate Courts to the Coimty Courts directly, " and by abolishing as unnecessary, inconvenient, " and cumbrous, the distinction which the iUlJ " proposes to maintain between County and Sur- "rogate Courts." This proposal, too, was voted down by Jjower Canada votes, although sustained by thirty-three of the representatlvesof Upper Canada to twenty- one against it. 771* Abolition of Imprisirnment for Debt in U. C, Rejeaeaby L. C. lotes. When the Government Bill for " abolUhinff '*arr«d in eirU actions in certain cases," was before Parliament in 1868, it was moved to amend it, by " providing for the total abolition of impri- ' ' tonment for debt in Upper Canada. " The mo- tion was supported by twenty-five Upper Cana- dians to twenty-one against it ; but it was voted down notwithstanding b) Lower Canadian votes. Useless Registry Offices forced on U. C. by L. C, Votes. A Bill was introduced in 1868 by Qovernment to enable the Executive at any moment to estab- lish additional Registry Offices in Cities, Unions of Counties and Ridings in Upper Canada. It was moved in amendment that no such new office should be established unless demanded by the Municipal Council of the locality. Twenty- three Upper Canadians voted for the motion — and seventeen against it — but the amendment was thrown out by Lower Canadian votes. Mclra PcUing Places denied in U. C, by L. C. Votes. Very gp'eat inconvenience has arisen in Upper Canada, and serious election frauds have reHulted from the fact that there is no power of increasing the ttumber of polling places, where one is found insufficient fur recording all the votes within the space of time allowed by sfAtute. Accordingly it was moved on the 14th April, 1859, to amend the Registration Bill, then Ijefore Parliament, by making provision for additional polling-places in Upper Canada when al)solutcly required. The proposition was sustained by 29 Upper Ca- nadian members to 17 agtunst it — but it was voted down by the Lower Canada phalanx ; and thousands of votes may be unrecorded in conse- quence at the coming general election. The Choice of a County Town in U. C, refuttd to the People by L. C. Votes. Even in the matter of fixing our County Towns, the Lower Canadians dictate to the peo- ple of Upper Canada. On the 8th of June, 1867, a Bill was introduced to authorize the rate-payers of the County of Lincoln to select a proper site for their County Town. Twenty-fonr Upper Obbadiaiis supported the Bill, and only eleven opposed it — but it was thrown out summarily by Lower Otnsditn veteg. E C. Bati Inqmry reused by L. 0. VcHtii Even a proposal to appoint a committee of inquiry into the position of certain turnpike roods In Upper Canada, sold by Oovemment to certain parties, ^was rejected by Ijower Canada votes, on the 14th July, 1868— though 30 Up- Canadiuns demanded the inquiry, and 2i2 op- posed it. ,, -.I- l(. . wv • Restraint of U. C. Municipal DeUs rejected by L. 0. Votes. On the 9th July, 1858, a motion to restrict County Councils in Upper Canada from creating any debt over *2(»,000 without the assent of the people, was thrown out by Lower Canadian votes, though sustained by 27 to 21 of the Upper Cana- da members. Ill • ; i->ij. .1 Temperance Associations in U. C. lUfused Inbcnrjpora- lion by L. 0. Votes. The Good Templars Bill — a Temperance As- sociation, entirely unconnected with politics or any other end than the moral reformation of the people — was thrown out on the 25th of Feb., 1869, by Lower Canada votes, though sus- tained by a majority of Upper Canadians. Convtyatuxs by Women in U. G. endangered by L. C. Voles. On the 22nd March, 1859, Mr. Sherwood moved the second reading of a Bill to ' ' enable "married women to convey their real estate " within Upper Canada." This was a,nezpoil facto measure, and, as introduced, was utterly destitute of those restrictions — limitations which were absolutely necessary to prevent the Bill from doing an immense amount of injustice. The Upper Canadians prote8te,, 11— a Temperance Ab- inected with politicn ;he moral reformation n out on the 26th of fuia votes, though suh- Jpper Canadians. : C. tndangertd by L. C. 1859, Mr. Sherwood 5 of a Bill to "enable invey their real estate This was an ex poA ntroduoed, was utterly itriotions — limitations jcessary to prevent the immense amount of Canadians protested measure, and thirty recorded their names ! bill was carried, not- ely, the Oppocition sue- its worst features. Ije " consummated with impunity, would lead to " results in the highest degree demoralizing, " and praying His Excellency to revoke the com- " mission of the said L. W. Mercer as Sheriff of •• Norfolk." The advocates of this motion were met by th ' 'if the charge is criminal go to the Law Courts " for redress. " "No, " was their reply, ' 'whether P^sriminal or not at law. it is scandalous to pub #lic morality ; the tact is rroved — it ought to «be punished in the most direct and speedy ^manner. The cro^vn appointed him, the crown #ean dismiss him at pleasure, and it ought to •* be done at once." The Ministry, however, ^pealed to their Lower Canada allies, and ~ . tiie motion was sustained by 28 Upper against 20, it was thrown out, and , Mttoar nu held in his office in spite of the protestations of Upper Canad*, by Lower Omu)'- dian votes I ,•', Fortunately, the matter was carried before the Law Courts, the whole transaction declared ille- gal, and Mr. Mercer removed from office; ' ' Loicer Canada keepi in Parliament for two Vtar$ on 17. C. Representative who wai relumed by 341 fiaitious votei, fraudulently reoorded. And precisely so was it in the Fellowee This.person was returned to Parliament at the general election of 1857, as the repreeentative of the county of Russell, by an apparent mi^or > ity over Mr. Loxix of fourteen votes. But on the assembling of Parliament a petition was presented setting forth that Mr. Fellowee' majority of 14 had been obtained by fraud and collusion in the township of Cambridge, by which 841 fictitious names had been fraudulently inscribed in the poll-book in favour of Mr. Fellowes— and pray- ing that Mr. Fellowes might be unseated and his place conferred on Mr. Louz. When this petition was read, Mr. Fellowes took some tri- fling objection to it on the ground of want of form, and moved, seconded by Mr. Burton, " That the petition be not received." Mr. Sher- wood, who had charge of the petition, thereopoB craved one day's delay that he might look mto the objection. But not one hour's delay would the House grant, though the complaint in the petition was of a fraudulent conspiracy to thrust a man into Parliament who had no right to be there. The motion for delay was thrown out, 51 to 60— Mr. Fellowes giving the casting vote in his own favour ; and Mr. Fellowes' motion, to put Mr. Loux permanently out of Court, ma then carried by 58 to 64. We are happy to say that 88 Upper Canadians voted for the day's delay, and only 19 against it ; and that 36 voted to receive Mr. Loux's petition, and 21 ag^ainst it. It was Lower Canadian votes, therefore, that kept Mr. Fellowes in his seat for two years as «n Upper Canadian member voting on all the affairs of the Province. And well did he repay them — for his vote stood ready at their service day and night, for any job that had to be put through. And mark what followed. An inquh^ into the matter at the Bar of the House was instituted and the dark conspiracy disclosed. The facts were proved beyond all dispute — fraud and perjury had clearly been practised, and within the knowledge of the person benefiting by it. A motion was in consequence made, setting forth the facts M proved, and declaring the seat held by Mr. Fellowes to be vacant. Will it be believed that this motion was thrown out — not by Upper, but by Lower, Canada votes— thirty-six Upptt Canadians voting for it, and only 16 against it. And yet on that very same evidence, a British Jury at the By town Assizes of last f i)l, truer to the honour of their country than the high Court of Parliament, found the member returned, and the Deputy Returning Officer, and the Poll Clerk, and the agent of the member, guUty of the crime, — and they are now expiating their offence in the common gaol of Toronto. Is it any wonder that the people of Upper Canada complain of their alliance with Lower Canada ! Such a state of things utterly upsets every idea of constitutional rule. The highest praise of the British constitution is that the will of the ma- joritj of the people must prevail in the govei^ m uiiM 'or*(h»'cd^#T fnit' tn tfV)iirr Ctouuta tho will of the minority prevails — tiiul that by tho ntioilt hiileftil of all meaiM, foMgfn aid. Men are kept hi tlu^ high offlceH of atiito who have been condemned by tberepresentativcH of the people ; th« local patronage is diipensed on the advji-e of those who were rejected by the Electors at the huatinga ; the whole mudxiuery of the executive is brought to I>ear for the party purposes of a fac- tion, who i^lmit tbemselTes in a position where thfly c^ have " no hope sucoessfuliy to govern " the country." Nothing could be more irritat- ing to a high-spirited people tlian such a state of things ; and even were there no practical ir\ju- ridi and ii^nstioe resnlting tsata it— lamentable indeed would \i be, were any portion of the peo- ple of' Upper Canada conitent that Upper Canada should be thus ruled by ^ minority of her repiesentativea, kept in office by Lower Can- ada i^otes, and kept there as the price of their irahserviency to Lower Canada. . BBVOmAJUZDIO BFFBOTOff THE FUB- tii I4iO MSB OF UFFEU CAITADA. Hut there is one result of the existing system whidi is, pei;IiapB, worse than any wc have yet stated. We refer to the utter moral degrado- tlop which it entails on tho politicians of Upper CtMadk. In other oonntries, men acquire pubUo posifions and retain them for a lifetime by their consistent adherence to tbw,r principles and the views of their conHtitu- eMts. But hietb the path to high position is by the reverse of oU this. Men go into public life la Upper Canada high in hope that tliey will he of service to their coimtry, anxious to do only ttuit which is right, and determihed that noper- fcpal consideration shall prevent tbbir promises •t the hustings from lieing faithfuUy performed. Bat they are not long in the Assembly before they dbp^m that there are two parties in Parliament one divide^, and therefore weak ; the other colm- pooiti vud; therefore strong. They find that the ililiing^party* hold views on all matters political, obpMneroial, and religious, entirely different f^m Qifi vioyts of the great mass of the people of Upper Canada, fmd that this party have tho kays , #fa>eil' yOtt have served his purpose — de- H^ISm t^ MjeMed by yeen consummated without the assenting votes of Upper Canadiaiifl. Tiiink you there is one representative of Upi^er Canada in the Legisiatttro who does not regard the Seigniorial ienure Act an xn ontiagiB an . robbery of Upper Canada f Think you that alOf one of the members who voted for the Bpi of last session — the crowning iniquity of the affidr- does not feel that his vote was a crime against Upper Canada ? They were — Messrs. Benjamin, McMicken, Burton, Morrison, Carliug, ' Playfair, Cayley, • '. ;,'. ^ Bobinson, Fellowes, "i . Rpblin, , .,. I Macbeth, Sherwood, . , ' J. A. Macdonald, Sidney Smith, A. P. McDonald, Talbot, and McCann, Tett. Macleod, We arc not left in doubt on this point, forlGr. Attorney General Macdonald, when out of office, placed on record a motion showing ' hia true feeling on the Seigniorial questioi^, and he was supported upon it by all his p9'fitical jtt^joi^ This was his motion : — " Rmived, That it is inexpedieikt and turio* to " the people of Ufper Canada to' choigto tiwaoA^ "aolidated revenue of thb whole ero«iiMl»i«t(lb oft*rl!fctotorm« e mrMT under the ; Upper CAOmUpo* itation of auooMt. L'mumU it not, M rflrmneMh of «•- viowB and qniilltlw opuliur (kvour with 1 in the Senate ; and begin by recanting rictioni. Were It of Upper Canada with Huoh a pro- inder roch dioiai- DUB should rise ^ turpriging thftt Vtn- ) electors of Upper AMei ylyspeoUUy and InjuBtioe they u) often to deplore expectations f Nay, irllamontary records -administration and country ? the acta of injustice )wer Canadians have gh Parliament— and ot from censure for tions, how infinitely )er Canadian Bepre- k measures I We have rs as Lower Canada — ailalous proceedings e l>een consummated > of Upper Canadians, resentative of Upiier rho does not regard UK \n ontragie an Think you that atoy voted for the H^ of niquity of the affidr; — was a crim^ Bgai'*'^ e — ■-.' ■ ■ i'ifc.'r."' Mclucken, ^l^,'..[ Morrison, ,. ^i: Playfiur, /. :,\ Boblnson, ',.,. Rpblin, „,„,, Sherwood, Sidney Smith, Talbot, and Tett. on this poiixt, for lb. Id, when out of office, on showing ' his true questtoQ, and he was his p9titi(»l l^njls. z^ieikt ufd tt^OKt to ladft to ehasgH iiwoni^ i whole eroiiiMtoiwttit iiHjr; iumI ttist soeh Indemiuty shonit te paid hepkUf^ the pahHe^iMf 'Jlii''^^ • *' by that section of the Province inunedlately " Mneflted by the proposed measure." These wore the rlewn of Mr. Attorney Oeneral Hacdonald and all his friends, when out of otHce, while registing a Bill that gave but partial aid to the Seigniorial fund ; but, when his own Oovem- oMni had to meet the demand, he threw almost the entire burden of the indemnity on Upper Canada I Were his views changed ? Not a whit — it was the price of office. And, as to the qucMtion of representation by popidution in tlie AHSombly, is there any differ- ence of opinion antong Upper Canadians f Think you there is one man who deems it right that he and his fellow-countrymen of Upper Canada — 400,000 more numerous as they are than the people of Lower Caniula,and contributing seventy per cent, of the national taxation — should have no greater numlxsr of repreaentatives than Lower Canada f Not one. And yet how often has the demand for this great reform been voted down by Upper Canada votes f How destructive of all right feeling on the part of a public man must he a position of such subserviency that he has to vote — nay, to speak — in favour of keeping his own section of the Province in a position of degrading inferiority ! What<»ver their position induces them to say, there is no doubt as to their true convictions — for, while in opposition, nearly all the leading public men of Upper Canada have, at one time or other, voted for representa- tion by population. Again, can it be believed that any member flrom Upper Canada thought it just that a Luna- tic Asylum tax should be levied on the people of Upper Canada and none on the people of Lower Canada f No one can believe it — and yet year after year a motion to abolish it was vot«d down. Here is a sample— of 25th June, 1866 : — Moved and seconded " That it is ex- " pedient to discontinue forthwith the Lunatic " Asyliun tax now levied in Upper Canada, and " that the expense of extending the Lunatic " Asylum Buildings be defrayed from the pub- " lie chest." Upper Canada, Teaa 26 Upper Canada, Aoy* 20 Lower Canada, Ytag Lower Canada, iVay« 4C gross inlusttce is nudntalncd to Mill Boor li^ Upper Canada vo«^ee. On aftth Mmf, MM, the Govemjnent moved a series of re^Utlons from which this Is an extract :— " fiuAwf, that " a sum not exceeding five shllUngi he paid " by the Sherifls of the respectlfe dlfviota " to each and evcrv person who shall serre " as a petit Juror before anr court in I^ower " Canada, for every day he shall be n»- " ceHsarily absent from his nanal nleee of *' abode." It was moved In amendment to strike out these words, and to insert ihAt " the " Jurors of Lower Canada shall be peid in the " same way as those of Upper Canada, from " load taxation." But the motion was thrown out :— Upper Canada, Teat 14 Upper Canada, iVay* 9 Lower Canada, Teas Lower Canada, JVoyt 45 26 65 Bo the Ltmatic Asylum tax was kept on for that year by the votes of Messrs. Bowes, Cayley, Chisholm, Church, Ckrke, Conger, Larwill, Angus Morrison, J. A. Macdonald, McCann, J. C. Morrison, Macbeth, Rankin, Robinson, Rob- Wk, Hmty Stolth, Spence, Stevenson, 8ap- eii and Yeilding. These twenty votes would ve carried the motion— but the shnple&ct was the Ministry might have been endangered 4»dtheiw gentlemen voted to do justice. Can H be supposed that any Upper Canadian tQiinks it right that the people of Upper Canada |houl|d pay their Jurymen from local taxation, „. „._ ^ ^^ „„„„ „, .^^.^ •ndOiai^ jorymenof Lower UaniMlaBhMd ^t^tMt^eeaf Uj^^OaiiiidAii^fMilltltbiiy)^^ 14 64 Think you these nine gentlemen, Mesm. Fel- lowcs, J. A. Macdonald, Sir A. N. McNab. Mc- Cann, James Ross of Belleville, Rhaw, Htary Smith, Robert Spcnce, and Yeilding, did not perfectly understand the utter li^ustke of this matter f Nobody better—but had they done otherwise, their French alliance would have been in danger. Is it forgotten that Quebec — the extreme end of Lower Canada, — was actually fixed upon aathe permanent Seat of Oovemment ; and that by Upper Canada votes f Nay, that the money to erect the buildings at Quebec was actually voted by the House of Assembly f Can it be believed that Messrs. Cayley, Clarke, Larwill, J. A. Mao> donald, J. C. Morrison, Henry Smith, and Spenoe who voted for the grant — tiu>q|h!t Quebec a fit place for the permanent seat of legislation f On the contrary, netely all of then had voted against Quebec when it le an " open question" — ^but thev were rea , even for that rather than risk the loss of offioe for their party. And when the selection oi » per- manent seat was, as a party manceuvre, refbnred to the Queen, and Ottawa was named as the future capital— can it be supposed that any Up- per Canadian in his conscience ^Mroved of dragging the government and l^gisufture for two years to Quebec, at an enormous ooet be> fore finally settling down at Ottawa? — ^And yet twentytwo U^ier Canadians were found to vote for that m'mstrous proposition. We might pass in this way OT«r munlwriflfll acts of humiliation by Upper Canadito reptesMi- tatives — and the response would b6 the same — it was the price of office. The undeniable flact ia, that hardly a division is ever recorded in the House of Assembly on the pure merita of thA motion under discussion ; the real issue tt, How will this affect the Administration t Whait will Lower Canada say if we vote against it f 1W is the price of the support of certain mem- hers, and it must be put through ! A scene which occurred in the House of Ae- aembly in the session of 1867, w«U lllutrsttk the hnmiUating position In which the Repra- ^ iitMkrthe«ditliif«yitom. Oa 28th Iby, 1867, • BlU HH mored to » Moond reMllDg in the AamaMj, which prorided :— " I. Tb«t no Post Offlc« in thli Prorince nhall " ba opened for the trannaction of biuinnm on " BoncUj ; nor ihall any letter, paper, pucliut " or other mailed matter, be delivered from any " offloe on Sunday. " n. That no Mail shall Iw made up at or de- " spatohewn said to have the Bill sent to a third reading to-morrow. Mr. Spence demanded if Mr. Brown did not mean to send the Bill first to a Committee of the Whole f M. . Brown said no — that the yeas and nays wer'.' not recorded in Committee of the Whole, sw-l ih send the Bill there would be simply to have it killed secretly, ^ those whowould notventu 3 to do it openly. Tne Bill was read at full length. Mr. Brown now moved that the Bill be read a third time to-morrow. Mr. Spence moved, in amendment, that it be sent to a Special Com- mittee. But here thu French Canadians came to the rescue, and manfully declared they would not allow the Upper Canadian section of the Qo- vernment to kfll the Bill secretly. Let it be done above-board or not at all. A most ex- citing debate followed — in which Messrs. Attor- ney General Macdonald, Attorney General Car- tier, and others poured out the vials of their wrath on the promoters of the Bill — titough they hadjvit voted/or it. A division was then taken on Mr. Spence's amendment, when it was lost, 86 to 22. A second motion was then made to refer the BiU toftCoDunittoe of the Whole— for which all the memben of Oovemment voted— bat that, too, was lost, 88 to 24. The question was now on the order for a third reading of the BUI to- morrow, which was c«rrie<1, 80 to 27. The discussion was resumed on the 1st June, when, after numerous attempts to kill the BUI wore fulled, i;. was finally thrown out on a (liviHion of 58 to A8, by the resting vote of the Sneaker. Only throe Upper Canadmns — Mesera. Clarke, lArwill, and Kankin— voted against the Bill ; and only four Lower Canadiana—MsHn. BelUngbam, l!4{an, Sanltom, and TerrUl— voted for it. ('ould anything be conceived more injurious to the public men of any country, or more de- structive of their influence with the people they govern, than Huch miHcrahIo exhibitions as that of a Oovernineiit seeking to destroy a measure In secret which they have not the courage to klU openly f — and how num)>erIosH have been the scenes such us this witnessed in the House of Assembly in the last five years I How often have not Upper Canada representatives been seen hurriedly escaping from the Chamber when the division bell was summoning the members to vott! on proposals that they felt in their con- :ioienc«is were wrong, but had not the firmness to oppose at the risk of their Lower Canada al- liance ? Wore wo to take the election addresses and speeches of the Ministerial members from Upper Canada and compare each paragraph with their votes as afterwards recorded in the Jour- nals, what a picture woidd be presented ! And mark the effect on Upper Canada poUti- cians. Of twenty-four Upper Canadian public men who have acted as Executive CounciUors in the last eleven yews—three are dead, six have been lurced into private life, aiz have been shelved, /ivs are now in office — three of these having held it lit- tle more than a year — and only four others yet re- main in public life. Of the twelve gentlemen who composed the present Coalition Government at its first formation five years ago, only two now remain in it ! No fewer than twenty-six persons have entered the present Government in these five years ; ten only remain, and sixteen have been throwif overboard as the exigencies of the Government from time to time demanded. In what country on earth can such an exhaustion of public men be paralleled f No one can lament the fate of these gentlemen; they have but receiv- ed the just reward of their conduct— but is it pos- ible to believe that under a better system such things would have been done by any set of men f THE NATIONAL FINANCES ON THE BRINK OF SEBI0T7S EMBABRABB- MENT. But there is one view of the results of the ex> isting union that of itself renders imperatively necessary a complete and immediate change if we would avert, while there la yet time, natiooal ▼oUd-bat that, quettlon WM aow Iff of the BUI to- • to27. on the iKt June, to to kill the BUI thrown out on • Mtlng rote of the aniullan* — Meeere. Toted egalnit the ^anttdUnt — Meein. uxl TerrUl— TOted ed more Injurious intry, or more de- Ith the p«K>ple they Rxhlbltions u that eRtroy a meaeare In he courage to kill low have been the I in tho HouM of jrearH! How often sprenentatiree been I the Chamber when ling the memljere to y felt in their con- ad not the flrmnew Ir Lower Canada al- le election addrewee rial membera from each paragraph with scorded in the Jonr- ■M presented ! Jpper Canada poUti- Canadinn public men vo Councillors in the I dead, tix have been lave been shelved, )iM lese having held it Ut- inly four others yet re- he twelve gentlemen Joalition Government lars ago, only two now an twenty-six penwns Government in theee In, and dxteen have tho exigenciee of the I time demanded. In I such an exhaustion of ' No one can lament I ; they have but receiv- conduct— but is it pos- r a better system such )ne by any set of men f NANCES ON THE iTJS EMBABRAB8- r the retulto of the ex- f renden imperatiTely [ immediate change if erei«7«ttim«^iM^opal pAn. Wh havR shown tho wanton manner in " Tincial Revenue for the year 186t, oanaoi ba ^hich th.> public inonry lias bocn •luundered in '' «>«*„ ''/ * •tringont me«urfl of rete«»chBMO» ^.„_, , , ..... ,. "applied to every branch of tho public ■enrice." •any InsUiu '-h- wc havii yet to show the reeult " ' "^ Mall thliextraviiKan... on th.- I'rovinclalexchp- «,'9''f..I"" V.?": *°**' *"* "ommarily "i***^^^ iM rt , 67 to H2. I o borrow more money and inoreaM l^r. One .imnot exoraino tlie money votes of j^o Uxe»-is the only policy tolerated under the Hie House of AsHfliiilily during tho Ave ynars that presAnt system of govcrninont— and it mUtl- me presunt s«?t of mi-ii have Iweii in office with- »«"»y' *• *" «'*•'* i>»<"»' Oinada impom Ih kum md d^t anmw-m.nt at the utter reckk'ssnt** and ^^PP^ ^'*'^ P^' "^- ' ; .' \"i:\ §pjily that scum to liavo actimted Oovennnent We had proparod a return of all the oAo^ tho inomlicrH wiio supjwrted thorn. Year holders under the Provincial Government, show- sr year, has tlieliuishncM of the expenditures >nK how many offices existed when the nartr ,^ , , , , ,,, , now ruling the country came into power in 1854, «>ne on Incmasl.iK li> u Ht.-tt.lily progressive ratw, ^j h^w many new ones have since been creatwl. i^tll the ordinary annual disbnnenMnti and the manner in which the salaries have in that brief apaoe from $4,143,628 in '««" increased. The space it would have ooctt- tn ffin 201 flA.^ in 1WU) I 'nirpnUmPnln P'»** prevenU our publishing it here— but the $tO 9V,4Ul,VUin 1808 ! n.rce t mes n }f„i^„^\ ^^^^^ ^f ^^e comparative ezpendi- escflve years wei.! the (imtoms duties largely ^^„„ ^J^ 1^53 and 1868, respectively, will show Dreascd— but the ezpendi^oret, notwith* the enormous rapidity with which the coat of lianding, exceeded the revenud.: by tiie •^•'■y '""anch of the public service haa pro- teormoni amount of $9,311,028,wmoh had «''^'"^- ^^^ jgjg to be met by borrowed money! The \a- interest en the public Monal Debt in theie aame five yean, roee debt $1,201,686 18,080,899 ffOm $29,922,748 to over lixty millioni ! charges of management 4,727 66,^ The annual interest ...i the national debt m- JJ;^«»"*^ ^^^^ 5S;Jg a^mi to such an amount that in 1868 it CWil Oovcrnraont .... 144,415 894,786 ■wallowed up nearly sixty per cent, of the Admlnistratlou of justice 368,686 608,869 whole gross revenue of the Province from P"iic« . . 19,281 41,981 jery scnrce-or seventy-flve per cent ol ESSr/^Prirs "^ "".'T tSo tlie whole revenue, less expenses of coUec- Leffisiative Council .... 48,682 106,044 tion! I^Kislatlve Assembly . . 218,417 676,406 Such astounding folly could only have been Education 466,906 629,866 Jj^trated by a legislature representing two {^^^Ss^nrcK't^^s SlJS iSlSS 4tatinct peoples— one of which voted the expen- Geological Survey .... 5,946 19,666 dItureH, and the other paid them. Well do Militia 12,219 162,861 ike lx)wor Canadians understand their position. ^^^^ ^8"- * Statistics .... .?* .^l* At iVn,,. /,.,/>«. ;•»,,«„*.,-...'• .. I • 1 1 ji Agricultural Societies. . 68,647 111,082 **Nbw, avon» I avarUage, exclaimed a leading Emigration & quarantine 42;489 49,982 Ijower Canada member of the liegisiature from Pensions 46,672 46,889 iPb place in the House of Assembly— "/>ro/ito;it Indian Annuities 81,020 81,020 f, r • Every attempt to put a check on the ca- P»''}|<= Works & Build'gs 867,213 768,666 ^<,.. «* ..-♦™„„™-«^« u I. ., . . Roads and Bridges 10,872 168,261 laer of extravagance has been Hummardy voted ocean Steamers & River «bwn by I^wer Canadian votes. When a BUI IHigs 16,400 217,666 lims introduced in the session of 1858 largely to Light Houses 69,510 116,616 lltkcrease tho Customs duties, tho following mo- l^sheries 2,580 16,628 lion was made :- Seigniorial Tenure Re- ..mux. .!_ , demption 298,861 ' That in the present depressed condition of Culling Timber 44,970 50,198 " oommerciol affairs, it is in the opinion of this Railway and Steamboat " House, totally inexpedient to increase the Inspection .... 14,778 w S?, v" .J'^^ P®°P'® •" proposed in the said Collection of Customs » Bill ; but that the deficiency in the revenue and Excise revenue 175,163 858,168 * should be met by a stringent measure of re- Collection of Public ■ trenchment applied to every branch of the Works revenue . . . 181,449 270,672 "public service.' The motion was lost, 69 to fliollection of Territorial 85— but twenty-nme Upper Canadians voted for revenue 185,794 221,816 ;«, and twenty-five against it. Collection of other funds 9,783 29,188 , Six months later, another large increase of the Maintenance of Postal ^^^ ^^„ ..c 00- Gnstoms duties was proposed, and again an ef- Department 361,448 605,e»o fcrt was made to stay the general extravagance. .... ,.» -^ .«, ^, „..« Jt was moved on tlie 22nd March, 1859 :— $4,148,629 99,201,948 II " That the Customs duties were largely in- iu. Nothing could justify such an increase of ex- Z ^''!^ ^ 1866, and again in 1858, and that penditure in so short a space. It wiU be mmi ** three years, as proposed in the said Bill, until *°" Excise— the cost of collection rose in the *' a Committee has inquired and reported &▼• jears from $176,163 to $368,163— although ** »'»«*'i«**>»«'tu>»»t«i deficiency in the Pro: in the former year the efmboam rarflniie mm )'" ]' ■m ,i!' "M M HjS$',*fM, and In tihe latter year only $8,S00,- jAi. TktiA the cost of collection In 1868 was but Inir per cent, on the amount collected, while the 00*^' in 1808, waa ten p«r cent. I We rnay be Md ttaiit there are many items of new expendi- ture in 18S8, for objecta tliat were advan^ - jeous to the Province. But this forms no justification tor the expenditure if it waa un productive and beyond the ability of the Province even for the time being. And be it remarked, that not only wore the ftdloary annual expenditures far beyond the rive&iiefi— but an enormous debt was all this vhlle accumulating for aids to railroads and •tier extraordlna'^- disbursements. The follow- ing table shows the rate at which tho public debt has incresied since the Union : — PabUo debt at the Union $6,982,418 Funded debt on 8l8t Dec., 1842. . . . 6,249,072 Ditto on 31st Jan., 1844.... 9,362,224 Ditto on 31st Jan., 1843. .. .13,828,660 Ditto on 31st Jan., 1848. .. .15,907,648 Ditto onSlstJan., 1850. .. .16,987,336 Ditto on3l8tJan., 1851 .... 18,782,660 Ditto on 81st Jan., 1852. .. .20,481,468 Ditto onSlstJan., 1868. .. .26,046,062 Ditto on3l8tJan., 1864. .. .29,922,748 Ditto onSlstJan.. 1866. .. .38,861,832 Ditto onSlEtJan., 1866. .. .46,855,212 Ditto on 1st Jan., 1857.. . .48,757,616 gtto on 1st Jan., 1858. . . .62,.334,908 tto on IstJan., 1369. .. .54,301,840 To this must be added for balances due to SMoial Funds, to the London af;ents of the Pro- vince, and for the fresh debt authorised by the Beignidrial Tenure and other Acts of 1869, about eight millions of dollars — ^Icss four millions in- vested in the Imperial Sinldug Fund. The debt at this moment is above sixty millions of dollars. For this enormous debt, nearly all we have to allow are public works, which do not pay the expenses of maintenance — the Qi-eat Western Stulway debt of $2,810,500— and whatever raay lie recovered from the municipalities that harve borrowed money fron. the Municipal Loan Fund. We h.. ve therefore to look exclusively to our erdinary sources of revenue for the means of paying the interest of this vast debt, of reducing the principal, and mainvaining the machinery •f Government. These rources of Revenue have produced annu- ally in the past five years the following sums : — ,„ , , In 1854 $6,628,350 In 1855 6,157,621 t In 1866 6,202,768 In 1857 6,816,151 In 1868 5,306,038 The Customs duties furnish the great part of ttie revenue. Let us then examire what hepe there is of drawing largely increased re- venues from that source. The following is the ntom of the goods annually imported into Can- ada in the last nine years : — Raw AUothtrdM- Ibtal lYtt Ocod$. MateridU. cMe Ooods. Imports. liW....«14T6,688 $1,667,886 $14,238,149 »16,982,068 lUl.... 1,810,685 2,076,604 17,647,601 21,434,790 1K2.... 1,247,881 2^1.. ,169 16,623^72 20,286,492 1868.... 1,776,911 o,187,680 26,017,946 81,981,43: 1«M.... 2 81i,r48 7,817,160 29,898,892 40,629,8211 UM...n0Ji86,686 2,361,186 23,149,448 86,086,169 ISM.. ..11^1,767 2,87.:,680 28,716,981 43,684,387 iaR....lS:«(n,804 «,(a9,Q0S 24,008,689 39,4S0,eN 18^,,,. ijrttflU 3,662,110 18,062,794 29,078,627 [ i i f akk t n' l iiM^.***.** I I I iii ■ ' I I ^/I%|j Ao^ioMt Reelyrooiiy mm omm into opwatico 'Saw. can tlie Cfnstom's duties be foroM higher than they are? For ton years part they have been undergoing a regular process of advaoos. ment. In 1849 ve had Mr. Hincks' Bill, by which the duty on manufactured Koods waa raised fnmi 10 to 12J per cent. ; in 185;( we had another change of the Turiff; in 1S54 we bwl still another change, and in Uie same year the Beciprocity Act ; in 1866 we had Mr. Cayley'i Bill to raiRO the duty on manufactured goods from 12} to 16 per cent. ; in 1868 we had hii Bill to raise it from 15 to 20 ; and, though six months had tiardly passed, we had in 1869 Mr, Gait's Rill to raise the duty on articles of dcjaes- tio consumption to an average probably of over twenty-two per cent. Nothing can starid against Buoh reckless folly as this. Ilie merchant who sends an order to Europe can have no aeonritf what will be the duty when his goods arrive. From a return of the importations in the last five years, we find that the duty on the follow- ing chief articles of consumption by the mane* of th= people, averaged the following rates of duty on their declared values ;— 1856. 1866. Cofiee 8^ per c. 8} Molasses 16 Sngar,refined, 32 Do. other.. 27» Tea Hi Boots & Shoes, I2i Harness 12 Cotton Goods, 12i Iron Goods. . . 12- FUk Goods... 12 Wool. Goods. 12 11 28 20 11} 17 18} 131 13| 14 1887. : 1".; m 10 10 IS 11 idh V> 25 40 17J 111 21 80 in 15 20 21 26 20 21 26 15 16 30 15 16 20 16 17 20 16 18 20 It is needless for us to point ont the dipne^- ing effect on the industry of the eountry of these large and constant additions to the duties oa nerduvudise. The u^nry to the importer from these constant changes is almost as gn»kt ae the injury to the farmer and mechanic, from the increased cost of all the articles they con- sume. Nor is it necessary to our fuipoee to show that with so extended a ftontier, the maintenance of such high imposts must in- duce smuggling to a large extent. But what we do earnestly desire to impress on the attention of every one is the fact, that tho very highest point has been reached at which Customs' duties can be levied — and that unless an immediate and entire stoppage is put to the extravagant system of conducting public a£fairs, national bankruptcy will certainly be upon U9, and that ahprtly. The men who have controlled the bnsiiiesB of the country for some years seem to thiijili:— if they think at all — that the resources of Calnada are unbounded and may be safely drawn upon at pleasure. But nothing could be more &lla- cious. We have not uie manufactiiring capa- bilities and the cheap capital of European coun- tries ; we have not eVen the varied resources of the American F«epufolic — her cotton fields, her sugar plantations, and her gold fields. Our two great sour m of wealth are the com fleMs of our farmers, and the timber of our forests. Nearly our \«hoIe dependenc.:* for meeting our foreign creditor rests on these two branch of industry. We may rear splendid cities and thriving towns — we may build raUways and live luxuriously— but the entire fabric, mnat net, after all, on the labour of the fantar, and the Imnberer. , ^ Npw, it i« njot to be dsid«d» that in CtuuKla neither fiunuing nor lumbering is a ''^ ^mm duties beforotd higher n years pMt they hKT« ar prooeu of admuaoe- L Mr. Hinckt' Bill, by inufactured Kooda mu •cent. ; in 185:i we had ■teiff ; in 1854 we ixa 1 in the aaoifi year the 6 wo had Mr. Cayley'i }n manufactured goods t. ; in 1858 we had bin ■A> 20 ; and, though six ed, we had in 1869 Mi. ity on articlea of d; jiea- rerage probably of over >thingcaQ ataiid against is. The meitihant who M can have no aeoarity hen his goods arrive, mportationg in the last the duty on the fpllow- lumption by the nuMse* the following mtes of dues: — Oaiet 866. 1887. 1868. *W/f. 8* 10 10 16 11 11 18 Vi 28 26 ^6;^ 40 20 17 11 21 80 lU 14| l^ 16 20 21 26 17 20 21 S6 13 15 15 20 13 16 16 20 13 16 17 20 14 15 18 20 ) point ont the depress- f of the country «f these litions to the duties on ry to the importer from 8 abuost as i^rwt as the id mechanic, trom the the articles they con- essaty to owr jraipoBe extended a nontler, . high imposts must lu- re extent. But what we press on the attention of t the very highest point ;h Customs' duM^ can less an immediate and the extraragont system Irs, national bankruptcy U9, and that Bli^^nly. strolled the bitsineas of jrears seem to thii|i](;— if bhe resources of Cainada be safely drawn upon at could be more &Ua- .e manufacturing capa- pital of European ooun- the varied resources of —her cotton fields, her her gold fields. Our lalth are the com fieMi e timber of our forests, idenc? for meeting our 1 these two branches of ar splmdid cities and build raUways sDd live atire fabric. mna(. nst, >f the fanMraod the >tto b«di«dfd»«hrtiD tf nor lumbering is a wB>^i»dt great wealth. We caia prMpier i^H wtQI clos^ e<)Onomy — wc must certainly be rained In^i^l^HTavagance. The ability of Canada t6 im- poi^ foreign goods, and pay Custom's dntles Ujbon them, can only be safely estimated by an examination of her exportations in past years. We caxuijOt long injport if we do not pay— and ahr exportations are our only me^ns oi paying, "rhe ioIloMng table shows the whole exporta- tidns of Canada since 1861 :— !-• H- f. a; si '^ 00 QO 00 Co g; g g S s r r • • 'I ■■*<.' :! »J S 9 '6 H* •— lO I-' ►^ K> o» j5 00 p !S S Cfi Cd op 00 OS to op "5-" 't* o "to o g ^ i ^ I •4 S2 -•I >(>. i4>. CO « ^ -J o S3 2S O -I CO B t S go "«b CO S to a> 55 o -I CO 0> A fe 3 s H- j» _C0 O M "bt U) a> t^ o «o OS «» »* £ {3 £2 CO «D JO t IP 00 to s ^ pi 00 o s s en P 8 p -J CO s g I CO (O to to •o it'- •^ (CI to 'cA oo CO 00 ■«o o» 00 CO CO en i s ft to ■* !£ CO to to QO to CO to CO en o M o go M 00 iP 00 h- © O !2« -» OD 50 I-" -'< O Oi I The afrrtafte annual exports, therefore, of the last ei^ht years, have been— Aigrictiltural products $12,383,129 'jt^b^r 8,898,769 Stins 1,496,668 Imh 426,442 Minerals. 177,692 Tpt4l anniud exports .... $23,331,676 LfOt us coYitrast these export itions with the \ iinpoH&tionJg for the sattie years: — sar Impcrtaiiom. ExporMiom. AW.«*W ^> $21,434,790 $1^,810,604 r ll^a ;,-.... 20,286,492 15,807.607 " 8l„iil,486 -''-^--- , ; inM : ?6;.. $6,066,: 1856- 4?J$4,«81 mi...... 39,m6W 185S 29;978,^ The large balanced )H(abttti»){D43ie«e yMM were covered by hnmense sales of the stock and bonds of railway and other public companies, and by the sale of large amounts of Proviadai Debentures. But with railway investoMhtS st an end— with the sale of debentures stepped— and with largely increased interest to remit flft' public and private indebtedness, is there ^ny grotmd for anticipation that our exportatioBs f6r years to oome will pay the foreign ortdltor and largely increased Importations t The more closely the financial poaitton of the Province is examinsd, tire more clearly we tbink ^11 it appear that the only ho^ of areiMliig the moH£ serious pecuniary embahamnMi )s, by applying firmly and at once a swiSei^Bg measure of retrenchment to every branch t the {proceedings of thW litst |i^ ireiiitT- the fi«roe sectional j«aloa9^e(»-^tli» genfm) i^ mondiflBltlion— the aocfumidadbn of tht: pfnliUa d^tit—the prosp^ of p«cttbiaty embkmiMiiMiii — dl Wttfiiudibal^'lilid^e iB Ha ho^ olf rfite aiu|Br tba , eidBtlng ajTBtem, and that delay is fraught ^th danger f We are perauaded the time has come when neither Lower Canadian nor Upper Canadian who lovea hiH country can do- silra the existing oonneotion to be mainttuned one doj longer than is necessary to provide a wise arrangement for the future — and that the follow- ing resolution adopted unanimously by theCon- ventlon will be heartily endorsed by the coun- try :— " 1. ibtolMi,— That the existing Legislative "Union of Upper and Lower Canada has failed " to realize the anticipations of its promoters, " has resulted in a heavr debt, burdensome tax- " ation, g^reattmlitical abuses, and universal dis- " mtis&iatioh throughout Upper Canada ; and it " isthe matured oonviction of this assembly from " t^e aatafi^onisms developed through difference "of.origin, local interests, and other causes, "that th(B Union in its present form can no "longer be continued with advantage to the •'people." It has been said that to break up the union as now established, would be a "retrograde move- ment" and "unstatesmanlike." The evils en- dured by the people of Uppear Canada are too great, we apprehend, and too directly felt, for any portion of the community to ce detenred (ibin m9 consideration of their remoival by such arguments as these. ^0ut other countries have found themselves very Qiuch in the same posi- tion we occupy to-day ; they demanded like re- medies to thof we wish to obtain ; and they are now rejoicing over the happy fruits of their suc- oesp. The union of Holland and Bslgium pre- sents a striking analogy to the case of Canada. In latK TTnltn^d and Belgium were united in a con- stitntibnal government, under a Prince of the House of Orange. The kingdom of the united Ne- therIaQd9 was constituted "to raise a powerful bul- wark on the frontiers of France. ' ' Its independ- ence was guaranteed by the treaties of Vienna ; to violate its Integrity was to disturb the Euro- pean " balance of power ;" yet in 1830, the dis- content of the people of Belgium, under their union with Holland, assumed the form of open revolt ; the troops of King William were driven across the frontiers, and a Provisional Oovern- ment proclaimed the independence of Belgium, and summoned a national Congress " to consoli- date it forever." The five great Powers met in conference at London ; the King of the Nether- lands and the representatives of the Belgian Pro- visional Government appeared before them. The King appealed to the treaties of 1816, to the jusuoeofhis government, &c., and contended that the Conference could not entertain the pro- position of dismemberment ; that it could only consider the question of "the restoration of legal order in a part of his dominions," and not " to make any inr6ad upon the independence of the 61d united provinces of the Netherlands." The five Powers, however, took a different view of the question and the interests involved in its settle^ment. They recognized the right of the Belgian people to reconstruct their government, atld ihdf recognized the fact that the peace of Europe would be endangered by attempting to ooeioe a onion in one legislature, and under one government, of two peoples, dissimilar in na- tional character, professing different religiens, g|)iBakbig different languages, and having, in muyi n^pedts, diverse interesta. Therefore, th«y decided, after the requisite number of pro- ' i and protesta had peen issued, that ^1- gium should he separated from Hollsod, «q4 erected into an independent kingdom,. Thc( Belgians were allowed to frame their oifn con- stitution, and choose tl^eir own mler. Tb^j elected Prince Leopold of 8aic-Cobourg, and he having sworn to govern according to the consti- tution, was recognized, and his rights aa an inr; dependent sovereign guaranteed by the .fiye powers. Holland objected to the final bfues of separation, and though she had, during the ne- gotiations, marched her armies into Belgium, and was only prevented from recovering her lost dominion by the intervention of a French force, the great powers were so satisfied of the inexpediency of a union of the two cotmtries, maintained by arms alone, that they compelled Holland to accept the terms of separation agreed upon in London. It will be interesting to notice some of the grievances of which the Belgians com- plained, and to mark their similarity to those which are now causing the people of Upper Canada to seek for a similar remedy. The Annual Rtgisler for 1830, introduces it* history of the events of that year in the Nether- lands, by observing, that, " when Belgium was " joined to Holland in 1816, to form the king- " dom of the United Netherlands, the union " was one of convenience on the part of those by wham " it was negotiated, to raise a po^verful bulwark on " the frontiers of France. It w;' not attended " by any ?7iM nntr in " which they were apportioned, bei: c 'lid al- " most wholly on the indigent classc"-,' ' 1*wb " always voted by the Dutch for Holland only, and " against Belgium, reprsented so uneqmUy in the " States general," &c., &c. We have only to change a word or two in these specifleatioiu to ^ I from Holl»Qd, «ad it kinjgdom, Tlx^ mne their 0T|m con- . own i-ulcr. (Th^j ixc-Cobourg, ancj he irding to the copgtl- his rights aa ao inr inteed by the .flye o the final baaes of had, during the ne- miies into Belgium, rom recovering her ■antion of a French 80 satisfied of the f the two coimtriei, that they compelled of separation agreed notice some of the le Belgians oom- : similarity to thoee ig the people of r a similar remedy. .830, introduce* it« ,t year in the Nether- "whcn Belgium ww L5, to form the king- therlands, the union he part of those by whom powerful bulwarlt on It w' " not attended , ccm-i.- '*v of habits, oh'^J t-, -.lier. Hol- elgium, or the South- ce of national character, fference in some mear le Belgians considered d, because they had )n which they neiver )r thought they foimd, t union were unequal." Belgians complained, lowed a monopoly of the at even from Belgiui practically excluded ; • Dutch debtt, and for that their religion and m were discouragod," le history of the Cana- ce of character.rel • ;, ; on 3ofthetwoPro -c^i*: he act of union: . tj uence in the «>.di" r S' 01 Tenure and otfc''^ in the repeated at lool system of Upper •ly striking, for eaph of ? But the identity of aore remarkable as we il t,Ovemment in its :he National CongreBS ich had led the Bel- ition from Holland. B : — "an enormotia dAl SB overwhelmi'.;; by their aionsby th-> n»i«rin Ttioned, bei: r '■"'id^ »1- ligent classct^,' ' »wb I for Holland only, and nted so unequally in the ,c. We have only to L these flpeclfleations to exprea the principal complaints of Upper Ca- nada ag^Bt the existing union with Lower Canada. In the ease of the Unitod. Netherlands, «a !n that of United Canada, the antipathies of TBoe, religion and language, were agravated by ma element of inju^iee in the constitution. The population of Belgium was 8,411,082, while that «f Hollfjid was only 2,071,181, yet they were represented equ:i)ly in the united legulature. viTie equality of numbers," says iheEneycU^- iia Britatmiea, " between the Dutch and Belgians Ittade it difficult to com« ti > a settlement on such •abjecte as affected the interests of the two coun- tries in a different or opposite vray." But there Was (ui argument in favour of equal representa- tion in that case, which not oialy does not hold ttds, but tells with irritating effect in the oppo- site direction. "One of the grievances was," •ays the same autliority, " that in the legislative *f body the number of deputies was as great " from the northern as from the southern divi- *• sion of the kingdom, although the number of *' inhabitants in the latter was so much greater. *' The foundation of this settlement of the rela- *' tive numbers was baaed upon the principle of *' giving legislative poiwer acoording to the rate of reve- *' mte to be extracted from each division, rather V than (tccording to the number of the popula- •• tion. I'he pvop«jrtion of revenue raised in Hol- •• land was nearly equal to that raised in Bel- " gium. The rate of revenue per head in Hol- " land was six teen florins, and in Belgium ten " florins." Apply this principle to Canada, give VB legislative power not according to population, but "according to the amount of revenue ex- tracted from each divisiun," and what would be t)xe result ? A lei(islatiure in which Upper Ca- nada would have two or thne represeutatlves for every one from Lower Canada. In the Nether- limda' case, one party could appevl to the popu- lation principle in support of its claim ; the other oould\rf both. Tt^c Coun- ctliiUiUt that " if & peaoe and ufcty" of Lower Canada" can be no othenviM awurad," then, " Upper Canada nhould consent to that ttlMiaare, but they observe : — " It" the re6ent events, in Lower Canada, which " *eMihot bit ioo much deplored, «e«m to prcHcnt "•om* ai;gumentH io uvour of a legislative " nnion, they appear to sugguHt others of a cou- " trary tendency, whicli it would not he safe to " treat lightly." " To have but one legislature, " witti two ejtecutive goTemmentA, would be in " ^mp r^tipcotu inoonvenieut ; "fid to kam btii, " om goeemment to ruU to txlemm a country, would " not, as we apprehend, be found satinfactor}- oi " prudent." They go on to hint at other more weighty reasons, which Incnne them " strongly to the conviction that the Social happinesH of the peo- ple and their internal peace" are more secure uttder their 8oparat« governments. Tlioy ex- pimn^d Bi faVonrable opinion of a federal uuiou of all the Briti^ North American colonies, un- dei-which " each colony might retain its cwn ** legislature for purposcK purely local in their " 61^^11, and all questions which could affect " ffitii^ rielallon to Great Britain or to each other "iiilgtitbe settled in the uniteil legislature." The rep. ' Mi;^ Committee of the Assembly, of whk^ \tx'. v y Sherwood was chairman, t6(;)ir similar g:. . While preferring firstly, a ui>i,lie8." with powerslimited tu the adop- tlooioflavriifpr their "local and domestic govem- xaim^i ' ' o't woondly , the anuwation of the Island oi^i,l|ontr«al to. Upper Qanada, they state that " they would at once declare their unqualified diBoent" toa uotion ^tb liOwer CanadM, were it Q^f^rthe '* pqliticJEU einbarrassment" of their fefu^Qw-fiubjecte of B^itioh oi^in. But they de« cl^re;^hat " ummnd other terms can the measure l)ei saiic^oQ^ py ttiis Prov;ince" titan tiie secur* inKi:6^ " ?P^^ asc^ndoncv in both branches c^n«i legislature ;" the " introduction of the laws of England ;" the " use of the. English lan- guage in. all legislative and judicial proceed- i^tSi;"|toda8 a " tintqua non, on thepart of tnffi Fro^ce, that the pl^w;e selected for the Seat of Qovemment should be within its H- mttis." to the session of 1839 the Legislative Council adpbted a resolution declaring tiiat they " still adhered to the sentiments, opinions, and rame- df}4fp.$ offipes' undet the Crown. Mr. Poi4le;|^jb ^iioinp- BOti;oame to Upper Cianwifi in lifoven^ber, ifeS, as CioTerrior deheral, iletenww' tojciuTy, the with him a Despatoh from the Goloolal oflke,. In- forming the office-holders of the colii\t a question, may, loubted. Sir Francis land, stated the case >lluw8 : nely expression, ' it way the wind blew ;' storm was evidently ,nd sensible men who istingulHhed for their Lstitutions, as soon as liompson had declar- was in favour of the openly to avow that sense of self-presery- dng them to shelter its desolating effect." 3mey (General of Up- his determu)ed hpe- ( strongly," said he, uences of this mea»- tied tp approach my ould on my bended tsty to withhold her le significant hint on m office enabled Mr. stion in a new light, l itfi favour. lEhese i escape the notice Oif mperial PtMrliwnent. Ince held the office of 1 the. Union on the Jived the sanction of nee to the inconatst- int of Upper Canada> that "Mr. Ppulett limself of the mews ivemor Gteneral.^ve tent fron^ the i^egUila- n4 9i^ tbe speeches Sullivan on one ffide, ither to justify that people of JjCfyr^T C?*r united pn t^$» qpear Bill i*notlSi«lyto ich is de«i|-^ ; Mid, X tp the opinion pf.^e pada,; beoatue they: »niinued their period 9«Anoiher member, Sir G. Binchdr, wid: — "I idid hope that such a communication (the da- ■yatoh respecting offices) would be noticed inth Indignant reprobation by Oovemor Thompaon,. who in this country had ever been i' a friend to the ballot and a declared enemy to J*^ undue in^uence." Tho vote in favour of a union had been achieved, ho said, by "the in- ^ genious expedients of improper influence and w'fiitimidation." In the House of Lords, the measure was ob- ^actod to very strongly. 'ITie Earl of Oosford, iriio was Governor General when the first out- lireak occurred in Lower Canada, declared that ** by far the greater majority of the two Canadas ^Me oppoHed to the Union." He presented flpo petitions against it, " emanating from the •Cwktiro body of the C^atholic clergy of the dis- l$trict of Montreal, and from 40,000 respectable *• inhabiUuit« of the District of Queljec, both •'English and French." '•The Dulie of Wellington denied that "the ^^mibiassed opinion of the Legislature of Upper IjjCanada" had been obtained. "When the 2,Govemor," he said, " went down to the Le- ***gislature with the proposition ready cut and ^dried, lie first told them that, under the new M arrangements, thoie who did not lupport that nua- '|,fur< would go out of office. ' ' ijjiLord IJrougham said, " That despatch directly ••and immediately tended to produce a change "tn the sentiments of the body which before •■liad dissented and protested against this mea- ^sure. But is the consent of the people of the 'jl^ovince to be inferred from a consent under •f guch circumstances ? Certainly not." Other facts might he stated, other documents a^d speetthes nnot^d. t<> -'low that the consent ffither of the people of Upper Canada nor of 1^9 people of Lower Canada was obtained to the meeent Legislative Union ; th t it was the mg- fistion of the "British party" in Lower Ca- iida, for purposes which it has utterly failed to iikwmplish. lipXJLD THE ADOPTION OF THE DOU- I^BLE HAJOSITY iUB A SUFFICIENT i^uBBMBDY? lit the] question now arises, what constitu- . changes would secure relief from the evils tfltd abuses that have arisen under the present ^tem? i^t has been suggested that the Legislative triilon might be m^untained as at present, and jUl a remedy be found for the evils under which M labour, by the adoption, as a constituticmal Mle, that the members of the Administration Mim either section should retire from office on a I of want of confidence by a majority of the ijpretientaiives from their own section ; and ; no Bill affecting the local matters of either or Lower Caoiada should become law un- fi aanctibned by a majority of the Bepresenta- es from the section to be affected by it. ;,: Doubtless the adoption of such a rule Would ■vent many of the most mortifying daily tranaactions now oomplained of by Upper Omtt^- da ; but would it touch the heart of the dMaaa t Would it change the unjuat ayatem of repreaantar tion ? Would it equaliae the burden of taiiation f Would it put an end to the wasteful extrava- gance of the present system f Would it remove the jarrings of race and creed f Not one of tham things would it acoomplish. It would obasge the men, so far as the Representativea of Upp«r Canada were concerned— and that would undoubt- edly be a very great relief to the oountry — but what security is there that any aet of men onder the demoralizing influences and embarraaamenta of the system to which they would certainly be exposed, might not yield to some extent before the prcHsure as their predecessors had done be- fore themf And mark one practical effect of the Doublo Majority principle. The Opposition at present comprises a majority of the Representativea of Upper Canada, and a minority of Lower Canada. The Ministry are sustained by a majority from Lower Canada, and a minority of Upper Canada. Were then this rule applied, on the opening of Parliament, Messrs. J. A. Macdonald, Vankoughnet, Sherwood, Smith, and Boas, moat at once retire from the Government — and the leaders of the Upper Canada Opposition take their places in the Cabinet, aasociated with representatives from Lower Canada, of whoaa principles, measures and policy, they entirely disapprove, and in opposition to that section of Lower Canadians who most nearly approach their political views, and in whose ability aaid integrity they place entire confidence. True, thb difficulty for the time being would most probably have been removed had the Governor Genaial allowed the Brown-Dorion Administration to adopt the Constitutional mode tA bringing into harmony the representatives of thb two sections of the Province, by placing their policy before the country and appealing to the electors. But we apprehend that appeal would have been based on matured constitutional changfia for meeting the difficulties of the Union and pro- viding permanent remedies for the evils we now deplore. We have no doubt that thai appeal would have been successful in Lower da well as Upper Canada ; we have no doubt it would be successful if made now ; but the differenoea are so wide between the masses of the two sections, atnd the promotives of strife and jealousy ao numerous, that it is hardly possible to conceive a period would not come, under the Double Ma- jority nde, in which the majority of one section would either be compelled to associate them- selves in a Cabinet with the public men of the other section in whom they had least confi- dence, oi government would become impoaaibls. We are satisfied that the resolution on thin 4f I point Mloptad by the Convention muBt be heartily vpptortd by all reflecting peraonii. It wu as foUowi :— )'wv i • " a. Bmelvtd—iyuA highly desirable ae it wonld " be, while the existing Union is maintained, " that local legislation should not be forced on " one section of the Province ngainst the wishes "of a majority of the reprcHentativeH of that " Motion -yet this Assembly iH of opinion that " the plan of government known as the ' Double " Majority' would be no permanent remeodieH of men, representing countries totally different in thought and feeling, to rule over and legislate for both countries on one system? Would not the injastice in the representation stUl remain ? Wonld not the divisions in Upper Canada and the cohesion among Lower Canadians still main- tain the latter as the dominant power in the State, and enable them to dispense the patron- age and control the local affairs of Upper Canada? But letting aside this view of the proposition, let U8 examine it in another light. The parties who advocate this remedy chiefly incline towards it because, as tliey allege, it necessitates so little change. But have they well considered the full extent of the changes it would render imperative ? How are these oca- stitutional restraints to he secured ? We are told^by Act of Parliament ; but are not Statutes broken every month by Ministers with impu- nity, and the breach sanctioned by the partisan majority of the Legislature ? But, it is said, se- vere penal clauses may be provided to punish any breach of the law. True, but who shall en- force them in defiance of a majority of the Legis- lature f And could not the power that made the law unmake it at any time ? Is it not evident that to secure control over the public finances, nothing will answer short of a written Constitu- tion adopted by the people, and only revocable with their assent f — which must carry with it other changes. And if this great reform has to be undertaken, whatevei may be necessary to render it effective, were it not wise to extend the measure so aK to meet us fully as practicable M the other evils and abuse* from whidi we suffer 10 much f We all admit that this remedy is absolutely imperative — bnt no one we think who hae read the fitote presented in this aridress, can fiiil to acknowledge that lometUng else must accompany it. The Resolution of the -M Convention on this point was as follows : — 8. Ranlvei—" Thtkt, necessary as it is that " strict constitutional restraints on the power of " the licgislature and Executive in regard to the " borrowing and expenditure of money and other " matters, shoiUd fonn a part of any satisfactorj " change of the existing Constitutional system— ' " yet the imposition of such restraints would not " alone remedy the evils under which the coun- " try now labours." WOULD A FEDERATION OF ALL THE BErnSH NORTH AMEBICAN FRO< VINCES BE A SUFFICIENT REME- DY? A Federative Union of all the British North American Provinces is advocated by very many persons as a complete remedy for all Canadian difficulties. Among those holding this opinion are many prominent and influential citisens of Upper Canada; but we l>elieve that a vast projwrtion of the meml)ers of the Con- vention and those they represent in the country, are opposed to it. The advantage of building up a great and united nation to occupy the whole of British North America in strongly pressed by the advocates of this mea- sure ; but the dangers of a new allianoe with other Provinces with whom we have hardly any intercourse, are as strongly urged by its oppo- nents from an Upper Canada point of view. The Convention came to the conclusion that it wai needless to embarrass the proceedings by rail- ing the question of a general Federation, as the evils complained of by Upper Canada demand an immediate remedy, while a union of the whole Provinces — even if acceptable to Canada- could ni>t be attained without long negotiations with the Imperial authorities and the Colonial Governments, and after formal appeals, with doubtful success, to the several peoples proposed to be united. As it was obvious, moreover, that no union of all the Provinces would be enter- tained by any party, except on the basis of the federative principle, as distinguished from the legislative ; it would seem natural, even in the view of the advocates of a general Federation, that the first step was to secure a settlement of the differences between Upper and Lower C«mada, and sueh a change in their Constitutional rela- tions as would place them in a position to nego- tiate the conditions of a general Federation— should this step be hereafter deemed desirable by the people of Canada. The Convention, there- fore adopted on this point, the following resolution : — 4. Resolved. — " That without entering on the " discussion of other objections, this assembly is " of opinion that the delay which must occur in " obt^ning the sanction of the Lower Province« " to a Federal Union of all the British North " American Colonies, places that measure be- " yond consideration as a remedy for present "evils*" ' '*^»-'^ . • :ii- ti- .UtJiP-■' >.^;.• f^..V-■ w 4ft dmit that thia remedy — bnt no one w« GMta presented in this If ledge tliat eomething The Reeolution of th« was as follows : — ceasary as it is that raints on the power of cutive in regard to the ure of money and other lart of any satisfactory onstitutional system— ch restraints would not under which the coun- lON OF ALL THE A MEMCA H FBO- F7ICIEHT all the British North vocated by very many nedy for all Canadian e holding this opinion influential citisens of we iHilieve tliat a memliers of the Con- ey represent in the it. The advantage Lt and united nation ritish North America u idvocates of this mea- )f a new alliance with >m we have hardly any igly urged by its oppo- lada point of view. The conclusion that it wai te proceedings by rai<- lerid Federation, as the Upper Canada demand while a union of tlie ' acceptable to Canada— bhout long negotiations irities and the Colonial formal appeals, with several peoples proposed obvious, moreover, that jrinces would be enter »pt on the basis of the distinguished from the m natural, even in the ' a general Federation. > secure a settlement of fpper and Lower Canada, leir Constitutional rela- n in a position to negc- a general Federation— fter deemed deoirable by The Convention, there- point, the following ithout entering on the ections, this assembly is ay which must occur in 1 of the Lower Provinces all the iiritish North )laces that measure be- i a remedy for present THE TRUE BEHEDT! What then Is the remedy beet adapted to de- liver the Province fi'om the disastrous position it now occupies ? We answer — — INaolTa the eziiting legiilatiTe Union. *-IHvid6 Canada into two or more Prov* inoei with local Ezecativee and Legii- latorei having entire control over I. every pnUio intereit— except thow, and thoie only, that are neceauurily oonunon to all partB of the Province. Let no public debt be incnrred by ^ theie Legiilatnrea until the sanction of the people has been obtained by I. direct vote. ;j^E>tabli«h some Central Authority over b 931, with power to administer such A matters, and such only, as are ne- oMwrily common to the whole Fro- '^ vince. Let the functions of this oen- ^ tral authority be clearly laid down— >f- let its powers be strictly confined to dis- diarging specified duties. Ihrohibit it from incurring any new debt, . or levying more taxation than is re- i quired to meet the interest of ex- isting obligations, discharge its own specmed duties, and gradually pay off the national debt. i-Seonre these rights by a written Con- stitution, ratted by the people, and incapable of alteration except by their formal sanction. I"he (letiiils of these Constitutional changes, the ('tniventiou did not deem it necessary to lay ^own minutely, inasmuch as viirious views are entertained m regard to many points of detail which would equally accomplish the ends sought 1^ the Convention; and as, moreover, all the (rticlcs uf the Constitution must form the subject of much public discussion, and he foi- iilly submitted to the people for approval he- re being adopted. ; A very strong feeling was entertained in the Oonvention, in favour of a dissolution of the ijnion, i)ure and simple — and powerful argu- 9kentK \vere advanced Ij.y many spcaiiers in livour I if that measure. But after full discus- sion of both proposals, and of the obstacles to he fiicounlerrd in their accomplishment — the fol- Ipwing resolutions were all but imanimo lldopted :— , '). Rexnived.. — That in the opinion of this _ seiubly, tilt- best pnictictible remedy for the **.* evils :iow encountered in the government of *' t'iinada is to be tbund in the formation of two " or m' re local (lovernments, to which shall b(; ** oominittod the control of all matters of a local •' i>r sc'tional character, and some joint au- " ibi)ri:v rlinoiil with such matters as are ne- *' ('OSS iiily common to both sec^tions of the Pro- *' vince." " 6. Retolved.—TbMi whil« the detidls of the " changes propoeed in the Lut reeolatioii eie " neoeeuuily subject for future enmme m e nt , " yet this aaBembly deems it ImpetetiTe to de- " clare that no government would be tetie- " factory to the people of Upper Caiuula which " is not based on the principle of Bepresen- " tation by Population." The advantages to be derived from this plan must he apparent to every intelligent person. It in clearly necessary that the oom- mon use of the internal navigation tiom Lake Superior to the mouth of the St. Lawrence should he secured to both sections— or Upper Ca- nada might he deprived of an ontiet to the ocean, and Lower (Canada might he cut off from tlie interior, except under conditions laid down by a rival province. The large public debt, too, is a common obligation for the equal and punc- tual discharge of which, each province is deeply concerned in holding some guarantee. Neither can the intimate and profitable commercial in- tercourse which exists between Upper and Lower Canada, and especially l)etween the eastern sec- tion of Upper Canada and the city of Montreal, lie omitted in considering the future relations of the two countries. How deeply injurious would it be to both sections, were a cordon of customs officers to be ever watching the boundaries of the two Piovinces — were our railway trains and steamers to be stopped midway at the lines, and a war of hostile tarifis, perhaps, waged be- tween the countries ! The constitutional sys- tem to be desired, then, for the highest advan- tage of both Provinces, is one which while pro- viding for tne harmonious admiidstration of those matters in which we are inseparably con- nected — will put an end to the demoraliaation and prodigality which the rivalries of race, creed, and sectionalism have so plentifully pro- duced under the Legislative Union. And is not the plan of the Convention well adapted to secure these ends ? We complain of the existing union, that it enables Lower Ca- nada to select from among the politicians of Up^ per Canada the men who sit in the Administn- tion as the representatives of Upper Canada ; it will put an end to that. We complain that the existing union places the distribution of the pub- lic patronage of Upper Canada in the hands of the candidates who have been rejected by the electors ; it will put an end to that. We com- plain that Upper Canada is now compelled to pay seventy per cent, of taxation levied for pur- poses tiiat ought to be Imme by local assess- ment ; it will put an end to that. We complain that the annual expenditures are distributed most unjustly to Upper Canada ; it will put an end to that. It is complained that by the jarring of race and sectionalism, ruinous extra- vagance and prodigality have brought the Pro- vince to the verge of ruin ; it will put an end to that. It is complained that the attempt to rule two countries, widely apart in thought and feeling, in all matters local and general, under pne Qovernment and Legislature— has made of- m 46 ^ .Tt IMMtojnfo* of rtcmaxcf tojprlnolple and hu d rtfloW M ed the public men of Upper CMutd* ; it Dm put Mend lothftt. The plan of theCon- rriitjlon simply ttopa the attempt, in the words of Bdlirasd Burke, " to methodise anarchy ;" it leaTM each section to manage its own local affidrs as it thinks best — and it provides the machinery Qsoessary for administering harmoniously those Interests that are inseparably connected. More- Over, It prepares the way for extending a Federal gti^emment over the whole British American Territories, if the day ever arrives wlion the people demand it. It has been alleged againxt thiH plan of the Convention, tliat the guvornmontal machinery necessary under it, would be more expensfvu than the present syytom. Were t\\\n correct — fhift st(q>pageof extravagance and jobbing in the espenditore would abundantly make up for it. But Uie allegation, we apprehend, is entirely in- correct. Ilie scale of expenditure under the eziflting system far exceeds what would be tolerateid in either Lower or Upper Canada, were ••eh Province legislating for itself and liearing the burden of its own acts. Moreover, there is now almost as complete a double system of ad- ministration OS there would be under Huch a oon- sntutton as we demand. In nil local matters, the institutions of Upper and Lower Canada are noiw as distinct and independent, as if the Pro- vinces had never been united ; and in general matters — in the Law offices, tlie Secretary' h of- fice, the department of Crown Lands, the Mili- tia department, the Board of Works, &c. — there are, iMparate stafb of officers maintained for each section of the Province. We arepereuaded that the new constitution would secure a large Ahiiiud fovihg in the mere machinery of Govern- ment, and a vast saving in evety branch of the general expenditures. There is no reason why this plan should not be acceptable to the people of Lower Canada as well ari of Upper Canada. It seelu no advantage for one section over the other ; it asks only that equal justice may he meted out to both, and that each may enjoy entire control over its own local affairs. It must be rememl)ered that there hkve always been among the repreHentatives of Lower Canada in the Legislature, men who have condemned the abuses and injustice of the exist- ing system, and who have deplored its hurtful e£fectt> on the highest interests of tlieir own sectiop df the Province. Nor ought this to be forgotten, that though the public chest hna been so> often imfairly drawn upon for Lower Canadian purposes — the expenditure of the money has nreduentiy excited the indignation of Lower Ca- natu by the protilgate manner of its application. The address recently issued to the people of Lower Canada shows that there are Lower Cana- dian statesmen who from the highest point of view advocate such a change of constitution as that proposed by the Convention, in the interest of Lower Canada. Even the least considerate can hardly fisdl to perceive that the day cannot be long postponed when the iiijuHtice t>f the present system will rouse such a degree of indignation and excitement in Upper Canada as no Government of Jjower Camidians, sus- tained by a minority of Upper Canada, will be able to control. This consideration alKo must have weight in Ix)wer Canada, that if redress is refliaiftd by our own Parlliiment. an appoal will be made to the Imperial Legislature to re- deem its pledge, and rectify the CooatitattoB Im- posed by Itself upon the colony, and that that appeal will not be made in vain. We have in the history of the American Re- public, ample evidenoe that the most notire boHis for the maintenance of harmony when re- mote sections of conntry and diversifled Inte- rests are united nnder one OorenuBcnti la to secure to eacli of the united sectioiw tiie en- tire control of itfl own local aflbiiB. We see here a people of diverM origin, but so interfused that theymay be regarded aa homo- goueouM, united for oomraom and national pur- Soses under one Government^ but separated Into istinct and independent Hovereignties, each as- serting and enjoying the right of excluslTe Juris- diction in all questions of government not ex- pressly delegated to the federal authority. An experience of eighty-three years, marked by vicissitudes of war and peace, of political agita- tion, and commercial revulsion, haa served to corroborate the wisdom and foresight in this respect of tliose who framed the federal constitu- tion. The doctrine that " political sove- reignty is capable of partition, according to the character of its subjects, so that powers of one class may be imparted to a federal, and powers of another class remain in a state constitution," has Iteen tested, and its advantages, as applied to the government of free com- munities on this continent, have been suf- tioiently established. A gretit, a portentous evil — slavery — corrupts the national character, disturbs all the motions of government — State OS well as Federal— and threatens setibusiy to destroy the Constitution. The observant spectator cannot &ul to see, however, that there is a resistant force — a conservative element- that must be first overcome. That force is found in the local ituhpmdmee of the several States. The reflections on this subject of an able Ame- rican statesman are so just that they may well be citeil for our instruction :— "It is not," said he, "by the consolida- "tion or concentration of powers, but by " their distribution that good government is ef- "fected. Were not this great country already "divided into States, that division must be " mode, that each might do for itself what con- " cerus itself directly, and what it can do so " much l)etter than a distant authority. Every " State again is divided into counties, each to " take care of what lies within its local bounds ; " each county again into tuwntihips or wards, " to manage minuter details ; and every ward " into farms, to be governed each by its indivi- "dual proprietor. Were we directed from ' ' Washington when to sow and when to reap, " we should soon want bread. It is by this par- " tition of cares, descending in gi-adation, from " general to particular, that the mfws of human ' ' atfairs may he l)e8t managed for the good and " prosperity of all." But it has been said that a measure to divide the country into two or more Provinces, ".-ould wcukiin British influence, and would not receive the sanction of the Imperial authorities. It may . Ije remarked that such suggestious come from those who show very little regard in their public conduct for British feeling or British principles. We are satisfied that any measure for the letter government of ('annda, ilemanded by the peoplu of Canada, would lio ve.idily saiu'tioned by the Home Governmeut. JJut us regaids Uie Coustitu- .M r th* CkxutttaUon bn- }lony, and OuA th»t vain. of th« Am«rioMt Re- liat the nuMfc near* >f harmonr when re- and dlTMiiited tnte- e Oorenuncntib to died aectioM ute en- local affidn. We direrse origin, but r be regarded a* homo- on and natioaal pur- mi, but Hepan^ed into overeigntfea, each as- ^ht of ezclufliTe Juri8- govenunent not ex- ederal authority. An le yean, marked by ice, of political aglta- svulsion, has served and foredght in this d the federal oonatitu- lat " politicid sove- ;ion, according to th^ lo that powers of one a federal, and powers a state constitution," its advantages, as ment of free oom- lent, have been suf- retvt, a portentous evil national dUaracter, 18 of government — ind threat<;n8Benbu8ly tiun. The observant ), however, that there mservative element— le. That force ifi found 3f the several States, jject of an able Ame- Ho just that they • our instruction : — "by the consolida- of powers, but by kkI government is ef- jreat country already lat division must be for itself what con- what it can do so ait authority. Every ito counties, each to thin its looil bounds ; tuwntihips or wards, ails ; and every ward ed each by its indivi- e we directed from iw and when to reap, ;ad. It is by this par- ing in gi-adatioii, from lit the miws of human gcd for the good and it a measure to divide lore Provinces, >vould and would not receive il authorities. It may ■ iggestions come from 1 I egiini in their public or Biiti»li principles. measure; for the better mandcd by the peopls ily santUoned by tlie w regards Uie CoustitU' '^ •'■■'m advocated In this addi«e»— w« we boforehMtd the approval of many of the : statesmen of Oreat Britain. The Union 11, asoiigiliidly introduced into the Imperial VttBUiietit, oMttriibed the main fMtm«s of the plaa if now ug»~«rid but for reasons which .irtU prawntly appear, that Bill would have be- ttnne law and the Canadian Union have been ' f Wganliwd under its provisions. In 18&7 both Houses of the Inu)erial Parlia- , went adopted the following resolution : — " niat great Inconveidence has been sustained "WIBiMiJMiy'R subjects hihabiting the Pro- ".vinoeff of Low«r Canada and Upper Canada, " from the want of some adequate means for re- **|galaklng tuMf adjuBtingquestibnsrespectlngthe *'|lrade and commerce of the said I'rovinces, and "divers other questions wherein the said Pro- **le of giving rqtresenlation, as near as maybe, * il proportiori to pofnthuion. I am averse to every -■ mn that has lieon proposed for giving an zJl"*' """'•'^'" of members to the two Pro- •* nnces in onUr tn attahi the temporary end of **«rtnninh«Hng th < Fkeash^ beoaoM I tUok "tiiewme*li|)BtitwlU li» " Tiplatioiv of the prinpiple* ^f . " and without any such abpearanof .. , " in the sbh^e aa would Mt traftHe o " both in Aiglandand AaMrioa;^rM8l]r I " it ; and becaose when emigritlMi I ~ " increased the English population in th« np|M|r " Province, the adoption of such a prlndmM " mmid cpertOt to defeat the vety parfom W'W " wUtnded to serve. It appeait to m» thti' " any such eleo toral arrangament, foimMI) " on the present provincial divisions, woa||^ " tend to defeat the purposes of union', "and perpetuate the idea oMimnlbii.' " The same Conunisfdon should form • pla» "of local government by elective booifls, " subordinate to the general leg^Iature, andjz- " ercising k compur* control over lueh leeial ' if^iih "as do nbt come within the proMniM' M' " general legislation. The p^ m fieaquid " should be made an ael qf the In^penal ^a rW jitwj L , " so as to prevent the general leginkmn ' " from eneroaemng on the pomen of tim load IMU. " A general executive m an impnrrcd piiaal< "pie should be established, together iHtb • " Supreme Court qf AfpealioT all the North Aflif- " rican Colonies." if In 1889 Lord John Russell introduMd hte 11^ . Union Bill. We have, unfortunately, no oapf > of thatBill, but th^ following extract finm h^ speech on that occasion will show that lih*. principle of independent local kgiiliifiiimy fPllB^ by the Imperial Parliament, in 1887, laid, #9|«q» in the instructions to Lord Duf ham, ta lUjIi, and emphatioally endorsed and reoomiaanded by him after a full inquiry into the wbolif pph- ject, was embodied in the meamire tnbmiited t» the Imperial Parliament in 1889. His Latdriiip said :— " The Mil provides for the estabUflhinent Of a " central district at Montreal and ito Beighboar* " hood, in which the government shall be oat- " ried on, and where the Assembly shall meet " The other parte of Upper and of Lower Ganaila " are each to l)e divided into two dtsMeti. ttlB " proposed that these districts should be formed "for the purpose of becoming municipal dis- " tricts, for the imposition of taxes and rates, "for aU local purposes." " With regard to the " i^unchise, the right of election is to be the " some for the municipal and the general " election." Up to this point, then, there is a clear indica- tion that in the minds of the Imperial authoritiea the principle of local government for " all local purposes," and joint government "over aU questions of common interest" should lie at thi '| basis of any new Canadian Constitution. It is true that between 1837 and 1889, the scheme of . Government for working out this principle wm h Bomewliat changed. The first idea was that < each province should retain its " distinct legis-' ; lature," but with diminished powers — questicms', of commerce, trade, customs' duties, navigation, \, and the like, of "common interest," beinff transferred to "some joint legislative authori^r." But the same influence that dnally pr*- vaUed, was then at work ; antd «re«ooocdiQg|p; y^ t^eHL' v-i- i^i '4/ ■H.r? •.4''1 to' ,.<.»^ ■.«'♦■ >*1 ,• • ,^'C- ".. A.-r^. -, Jttitl J^.. - 'Aiit ffbuB^, iMwed the 'UiperU yi^ principle of, Ipofti legia- •nttMly. lit gave to tiw ifMtinil leildtefvi ^^ompleito ieoatrol «tm «11 milillittii, lood ; y^l^ >n«'U, MCtfoiul and oQBipwB. |t .".{Md ivferenoa." u Lord DtihlMip iiWMdu: •< ImpedAl policy geaeraliy, " ti»>l|M itate df terUes ia Bngland instead < ot tt*"^)* and dtcteBMttiiMteB of the ciolo&y ■ottirhtto atoklf ,1 u any over» B t *i eiaiw t i 'Ofi' deduotiqkki fttnaJMi i . thatnothitw ba«.b«|||,' striotiy oorteet, 'IW:* crittcise with all,! them a* claim 'to ))t^ii Men of infloMioein Upper, and especially in Lower their weapons •S4a>t a Oidftii,''dSBiB«yHea't)b oefBiifl«t« sbbjugMlon ot and not a^^aioiil %i tm Fr«nch': ^OMf^jritlpathiMn in Ebglaad whethto' «be tk»i*aii lb iMicomplish that object Canada. '^ ' ' ""^ *" '"^ ^,^ timHlilMmp'''^tkltii-'mm i^ai^y avowed at WH^ the. great ffUtftof^Mlt|Mqi(^j| tttfe^tlJlM['"'tB]tk speech Ob in«tbd«eia|'it', Lotd Cicada, we'wel}klM»r4i«l<4Nir Jafei^tUi^ |lni^''Wti^'t&e'We*^oki«f'Ban!H: th,^,haveloD^'b^^ J^" '" ••4|H ikmu»ik ^teftfakdpllts of StUsliicad'i" them to kM|>Mii a)i4| immtfiikn*'mtm>uij etclMtfve, ieat«M»nr thom abd wit^fUil'^dki ytM y tettrion of British enterpriaa," ftc., &c, :«^ ^oftihe>nt^;^^^ 1^'la««^ ^DM««A.ttftllffP««l4.#4«6t of the ^t^fvm ^ "oivei^ J»•wii^^|j^ 4« J%tw) l '^'W Pr> <« %w«ii«M«i'r'>Itari.ibeae tyila^lot tbia.dvU would. hiip«i'«lleiBii}tiil ilMHlf|i>«Miietife<^I( -ijq!^ j.hY(pAs'^t mt. iode, U pi*ceo4N' ^- • K<>WfW^V^|Ni,l "joS|4er 1»f(i4ibim m i^it^iqfmf'Plx^ »*iw ooiwtaFitikiWwH^r, , (than t» admit th».iBh»bitanta of b»t^ days henoe a ne
  • a 3ifet^suMl§W iii'ftMaderii:'^>*^Wm^V lTiemain#«#« eiMni'fidlaTe. vkotreAiMlf' di«Hr iB Ml jMMSjdon of-jthopntpewkMioee thip'fonnerly e||oyfi fai Lower (^u^, bujt bj meaos of the Atiat^e systejv of GoTemment hey We exteM^Tltd'i' influence oVei- the H^lq^TrOvhtce.Tm debates of the tifeke dio# i7-1flll>lhe iika8i»e was fdt br raanyiMf the: of tile BovM of CommoBB, tobe flrtrtiWUA'thdtli^tM UMlkitiiow ttK«helra And Mad In yo«rri /' ''¥,, «#f''r',ji ■*^^^ ti^. Ktti|lrMiiq^MMii> And Vi^^n W^: