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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 2 3 5 6 MICIOCOPY RfSOlUTION TEST CHART lANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ Urn 112.2 ^0 112.0 1.8 1-4 il.6 A AP PLIED IfVMGE Inc S' '6*^i t.ist Mu "■ "itreet ..^a (,''6") ".e^ C?30 ^ Phore ^a: 1,7! 6) 288 *i989 - Fa. ditl illK 111 l.ar jois ecoi tript> and by ditfercMt (•i>n.-.triictors. In tlii> i-ircMihir is triv. n an illustratinn and l)rit't' dc-cription and siH'cificati.in of miuic i>f tlic (•(unnioncr l,\|ifs, with ^nnic notes a> tu tlicir utility. In till' oldiT scctic>n> (pf Canada it i,< nsnally the ipracticc to liavi' the t'onndatinn of the harn ut' stone or concrete' up t" the full heifrht of the stahle. and on which the ^ill?. i' FRAMING A Barn 38' Wide joists and the end of the posts rest. However, it may very often be found more economical and convenient to have the foundation projeetins only 2 feet above the prronnd level and the walls of wood from this point to the joists and from joists tii plate. Since t!iis is optional, the specifications do not include the walls from the LTOund level to the ceilinfr of the stable. Since tlic joists, the beams supiwrtiufi the DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H. GRISOALE, B.Agr., Director. E. S. ARCHIBALD, B.A., B.S.A., Dominion Animal Husbandman. EXHIBITION CIRCULAR No. 92. !»4T.' (Febru.Tr.v, 191 fi.) H H ■ 1 1 2 joi>ts, or til." ril.lHiii i.lut.' cluTki-d into thi- i>«>st -iipiM.rtiiijf tlu> pimI of tlio j..i.-t niii.v I,.' till- Minie in nil four stnictiin-!- luTfiii tratc(\unred timbers are .•scarce and px|x>nsive Tin- type of frame was v.ry siiitable in former y.'ars when timber wa- readily available and very clieaiv. an.l when labour als,. was .-liea;). It re.piires a (Treat deal ..f >l j.iintr.. and a^'ain. this tran.r is ..nly as str.mfr as the ten.ms and pin-. In the plank franu^ strneture- .l-'x-rib..! lat.'r the fnll stren^'th ..f the lumber is retaine.l in the >pliee. The timb.'r tram.' recpiires more Inmber and 1> n.. str.mirer than the plank frame tyiH' an.l a- -.■.n m lat.-r .•oinpari-..n-. there is a ^'reat deal ler-s r.M.m in th.' fomi.-r barn in pvop.irrinn to tli.- timber .•ontaii.i'd therein. F,.ll..win(.' is a li-t ..f mat.TiaU ..f th.' loft fram.' of a barn :!•« f.'.'t in wi.ltli. ui.ln.lin!.'..!!.' tri»- and tb.^ framint' of U lineal fe.'t of tli.' barn t.. th.' n.'Xt trii-:- Hoar.l K. .1 Wall \H,A>' :' pi. ■.■(-. IT ft. by 1(1 in. by Id in -^^ ( Cntre ji.st- l' pi..-.-, •-'!! ft. by > in. by - in ■'■'*'■' Wall stnds- s pie.'e-. 17 ft. by 4 in. by 1 in 1^-' Cro-s Kirt— :> ft. by ^ in. by lit in -■_'* Cro- t-irt?— l' i.i. •.•.■>. U ft. by s in. by * in ''.O I.in.al (rirt>- J pie.-es, 14 ft. by "» in. by 10 in 1** IMat.- -' i)i.re-. II ft. by S in. by li> in '""^ I'nrlii plat.- --' pie.-.'>. 11 ft. by s in. by 1" in 1|*>^ lira.'. ■-' iiie.'.-, HI ft. by (i in. by r, in '■'*'• Wall l.ra.M--s() ft. by 4 in. by ti in "'^ Pr.i|.-— ^^ pi. s. 4 in. by ti in '"^ Hafter— HI pie.-.-, l's ft. by -J in. ! .n ''^ Collar b.-am<— » pi. -.-.•>, >< ft. by :' I'V f. In ^'' T.ilal himb.r -.■.-' Fnll l,;,y ,-apa.-ity ..f 11 lineal f.-.'t »( ni..\v iiilMnns 1 lunb.-r r.>r •"ram.- .if b.ft (.'n.l n..t in.-hi.le.l) p.'r ton .-apa- l(>;! U.K. Tb.. hav'elpaeitv i>'riiri.red on oCto ou'bi.- fe<-t p.T t...,. Tbi- i> proiK.rtb.nat.-ly ,li,„inl-hed i.v th<- int.-rferin^' ,«.>ts. braees. ^'irts. ete.. in any typ.- ..t strn.-tur.-. Atten- tion i- airain' .-all.-.! t.. tb- faet that this lumber i- frenerally s.-ar.-e and ex,.en-ive. Plank Frames. With th.. -.-areitv ..f lumber and. partienlarly. .limensioned timbers. 'n-.-.-_-it.v b-w tauf:bt th,. farm..r the possibility .-f uu.kin- str.mR barns w.th L'-nu-h plank. 1 b,- plank fran.e barns are usually hip-roofed. This is fully as pl..>s,n.u' a stru.-ture ,n p.K.aran.-e aad has .^reater eapaeity and utility, th.-re be.n,' no p..sts ,n tlu- l-arn tll.or tr. interfere with the fr.-e movement of mat.-nals. h..rses. unpb-ments. or ui.-i. Tn th.- tbr,-e plank frames herein deseribc.l all the frames are made of plank and l.oan , - ineh .< tbi.-k and fron. 4 t,. 12 iuehe- i., width. Th,s .nehules all the fran,. nf till- liiiiUliiijf. Nil mortises or trnoiis nrr rpniiircd; lit'iicc tlicrc is jrvfntiT ci'DiKuny Ml liiiiltliiijf, Itss cxiKriirn-f i« iii'i't'ssiirv, mid tliiTf i» im wi'iikfiiiuj; of tlii' lull strt'iiKth ■ 't' the Imiilicr iiM'il. (Miiiriill.v s|i»'iikiiij.', iiiiicli It-** UiiiiIht is rriiuircil tlinii in tiic tiiiiiicr I'riiiiic mill us stmuK » liuililiiiK i" olitiiiiuil. The wei^rlit ol tlic roof i» ciirritd iiltotritluT to the >iiK- whI1> at joi-ts. The «tee|»'r shijM' of tiie lower rnfters with the Kip roof tiiviv- jfreiiter WiittT--liiMiiliii^' iiower. iiiiiee ^reati r iluraliiiity to tlie covering of tlie roof, (ioihl, -MiUMil iditiik- |iroi>erl,v lioltesar.v to Illlike a tirst-elas- frame. Type " B " Plank Truss and Frame. ill this t.V|X' there i- a trii>> at every Id, li' or 11 feil, a> (h'sind. Betweoii these tru!->e> L' l>.> 11 stiidiiiiir for the walU i» ereeted at I'f-imh eiiitre-. Two-ineii plank i» Used thnmjriiout. hotli in the trii--. iHi>t>. >tn(l>, rafter^ and hniees. This is a very -troii^r trn~>. very >nitahle for \vall> snttieieiitly liij,'h to allow a iLiorway If feel in heijrhl to the loft floor. '\'\w ha>e of the trn>s (the hottom of the pnrliii prop) is spiked to a joist which in turn i- resting on the - hy l> rihhoii plate set into and >pike(l to the |Hi«t under the joist. The tru>> should hi' well holted at the spliee of the purlin prop and peak prop, elsewhere >hould he thoron^rhly -piked. A- a rule, the trn>s is made on the flat and hoi>ted to |Ki>ition hy the u-e of a nin-imle. The end frame i- ereeted tirst nnil the iiitennediate trii— e« lienin illll-traled are then hoisted into po-ition. The walls are then hraeed iliay:onally and hoarded in. after which the purlin I'late, rafter.-- liiiil roof covering' arc added. I.i>t of material- of loft frame, indiidin;; one trn-s and 11 lineal feet of the hani to the next truss: — III! 11.1 !■'. 1 t l'ost>— 4 i)ieee>. 1.". ft. hy i' in, hy f. in i;r, I'lato— J-ply (l' hy Ci. .M; ft. hy J in hy U in .Ml I'urlin plate — :.'-ply (- hy '< I'urlin props- — 4 piece-, l's ft. hy i' in. hy > in !."i.*' I'eak props — -J pieces. l'*> ft. hy '2 in hy > in "!' Tru.-> hraees--.s(> ft. hy L' in. hy t! in ^U Wal' studs at i'4-iiieh centre;. — 1-' pieces, l."i ft. hy l' in. hy f, in. Isil Rafters (]4-f Collar heanis — s pieee-, s ft. hy :i in. hy •! in i'! Total inimlier 1.1*1 Full hay capacity of 14 lineal feet of mow :.'«lttons T.iimher for frame oi' loft (end not inclinlisl ). per ton capa- city 4." U.K. Type •' C ■■ Gothic Truss. Thi- truss is inudo from 2 hy s plank cut with the desired curve and thoroufrhly -piked and holted tofrether in four thicknesses, tin - making a solid ^ hy H coniiiiuon- truss. This truss is continuous from the foundation to the peak. There are no pro]i-. plates or purlins. These trusses are placed at 14-foot i-entres. The s|)ace hetween these trussis is fill(>d with studs continuous to the jH'ak. made from '2 hy S jilank. The outsid(> of walls and roof 's usually strapped with 2 hy 4 or -' hy i! |dank. with the necessary dlaRonal hraces at the ends of the ham. A 11-inch steel (ray rod with turnhuckle in tl Mitre is the only hrace whii'h each truss has. Tn makiiifj this truss there is a hir^'e aiuount of waste in euttiufr the scfrments for the proiKT curve. Expert ; it 111 Vf i;i H:r m } i Jl .%'4^t»^^sm¥^bc- :1 H i i * 4 I'urpciitiTs iiii' iii-cdod, ii> it rti|iiirrx vcr.v ciircful wnrk. Tlii- Imrii hii« only "lifrlitly nmrt' stdrntto rmnii tliaii t.V|H' "H" mid, «■> a ruli', in tlif liuinU iit' the iiviTii^'c ron- ^itnl(■t^rft till' friiiniiiK i^ iiKirc rxiMMisivc mid imt as -trniiu' a- t.v|M' " H." Althinuli tills tyiH' i<\ I'raniiiiff i" very plfu.iiiijr and is prctVrrcd liy »iimii'. yi't it is not >»onfraily rciiininuudi'd to I'uriiiLTS. Type '• D " Self-Supporting Roof. Iii thi~ i\|i,' (if I'raniinn thcri' i- no -pccial tr\i-... nor arr tin'ri' any purlin |i|;itc-. I oii^riiucnlly lacli sliiil and ratter, placcil at Jl-incli i-cntri's. nui>t form a tru" in if-ill. Kiiili joi,t nni:-t ln' spiki'il to the wall -Ind, lint it will lie fonnd advi-aMc » ■ set in a 'J hy '1 rililMin plate to lielp carry the end of joi«t. Tlii-. type of fraMiiiiif in narrow hams and in lams where only a short wall post is needeti in the loft nia\ I'e found eheaiMT than type " 15," hut should not hi' used in harns over 10 feet in wollli. In harns l,.,, than ■'!•! feet in width and with a wall p'ist not exeeedinj: 7 feet in hft, a part of the hra(*in»r herein illustrated may he dispensed with and the ham ~till he -iitHelently strontf. However, experienee has shown that in order to make a durahh' ~trueturi' and jruaril a>riiinst hi^'h winds and weiftlit of snow' that the method of -triir- ture herein deserilwd is necessary. One ailvantane of this type of structure over type '■ H " is that shorter, standard-leiifrth materials may he used. However, in a ham ">* feet in width more actii.il lumher is riMpiired in tyiH' " D," the frame is not ns stronjr and the dia^'iuial hrace from joi«t to lower end of rafter ahove plate at LM-inch centres seriously detracts from the capacity of the ham. ft must he rememhered that if is essential that each -tud .uid pair of rafte's he made into a complete truss in order to supjx^rt this roof. a> no purlins or purlin props are included. l.lsr of .Materials of I.oft Kraiuc. iiiclcdinir U Lineal Feet of the liarn. Hi):ir ft. hy J in. hy ll in lUil Plates Ci-ply, -J hy li) — .'.(i ft. hy 2 in. hy (i in .Ml Kafters— rtL' pieces, U ft. hy :.' in. hy ti in H"* Plate tie — lt» |>ie* in 4^! Short hraces (at plate and hip) — K'HV ft. hy 1 in. hy ** in. ... "^T Total liimhcr l,74',t Full hay capacity of U lineal feet of loft i'i» ton- Lumber for frame of loft (end not included), per ton capa- city H7 B.K. Published by authority of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. ~-^^*=^'' "A/ -r.Mi r.-'-jr-v'