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POPERY; Tfee (kie; cdntaininff a Sum of the ^peBfiteit&Kt tries/ Ctufelties, Tre^he|rie», and Wicked ,^ Principles laid to tljid? «»an thwe of rhrirf ^Lf I "'^j* Mttrepresentation of the faith of t^rt i^l^^K^ after proper study, becoming one of its^ clergy :-**ia those pursuits, had any wicked doctrir^s been, as a mystery, concealed, his attabhmeht to truth wddd have again separated him ; but, so far frpm ih^t, with many others, the Rt. Rev. br. Challoner, tvho stoutly maintained ihe contest, owed to him the choice of Catho- lic Unity ; and, after passing the schools, and the highest hoDoufs of the college aod pjrelacy, at h 13 death, left this selection, and several oth^r valuable pubiications, to rectify the 8everal lurk- ing prejudices which he still bewailed in Great Britain, This work, therefore, is not new, but contains sincere truths , whilst falsehood and misrepresentation are, and always have been, ana- thentatized by every one who professes a unity with the Catholic Church, ii : 1 b A PAPIST mSREPRESENTED-AND REPRESEifTS^. INTRODUCTIOig:. ' * Thb Father oflies is theauthor oif mi.r,„,„.i.„4- fle first made the experiment of hSaKI'pa^' d.se ; hav ng nb siwr way of bHoging^d^s nrfeceS^ into ^pnlMTipt, fend making «K;t l^^^^^^ ^d, the Mmaculate Lamb, yet )yas not iSt of the ed Vee"ite."°'"?TP' r"^ ''«■'? """^present! eu. See, jn the Gospel, how he was piinted bv mall, cious men, the minister of Satan J a ii™feL fll wkkedm.n,--a breaker of the tbiaTh,la^lStt^^^^^^^ a friend and cpmpan on of publicans aid sd; cogjurer,-atraitor,-ftsedu/er,-ar "^'^^^^ gm lg~ tfieir^pTdit^^^^^^^^^^ bjWd their insolence, their Villanies ; a peppfe Tns'uf- Mf •" a.ooanwnwealth^-enemies to t^el?co«Snr «»4 the« pnnce .•' Vand thiis repreaenUn* it m ™^„ Strou, aa ttey rfeasad, they tou^Un" ^ " "°^ «any a* owned that nam*, ai,d*«,ndem»td thS. f" |Dlhe8 and cripjes that were no where bat in their own oroaanatipn. And now when by the pron^tTon rf Chmtiamty, a.», offers incensf, and fre- quently fails doiyn prostrate before them; andj^ with his eye% li^ed upon them, fjries out, help roc, Mary ; assist i^ie, ^ nthony • remember me Igna* tius." A Papist irufij rfprennted^ believes it damna- ble to worship stocks and stones for gosds, to pray to pictures or images of Christ, ofihe Virgin Ma- ry, or of any other Saint?; to believe any virtue or divinity in tl^ptri, or to put any trust or confi- dence in them. He is expressly taught the con- trary to all this by the Council o(Trtnt,(Se8S, 25-) and his very children are instructed in their Cate- chisms, which q^re ir. the hands o!" all, thai they must " by no means pray to picturcji or image^^ because they can neither see, liQt heari nor heJp them/' JSee Abstract of the Doua^ Cateckiimy upon the iirst commandment : AbrMgm^ntofihe Chri^mn Doclriney chap. iv. &c. But irhaT use then does the Papi&t maice of pictures or images of Christ, of the blpsiec^ Virgin, or other :i:aint* ? 1 ^) or PBAYING TO IMAQKS. M Why; he keeps them by him to preserve in hif pind the memory of the persons represented by them ; as people are wont tp preserve the memory of iheif deceased friends by keeping their pic* tures. HeJg taught to u$e them, so as to cast hi#^ eyes uppp the pictt^m or images, and thence tc| raise his hpart to the things represented; and there to employ It in meditatipp, love, and thanks- giving ; desire of ipijtation. &c. as the object re- quires ; as many gopd Chfistlans, placing a csfefl/A'^ Aeflrf before thjetn^ from the sight of it, takjs occa- sion to reflect upon thpir last end, in order tq. their better preparing for it ; or by seeing Old TVme, painted with hisfare-hck, hoiiir'glas$9 and scythe, turn their thoughts upon the swiftness of time^ apd that whosoever neglects |he present, i% in danger of begipping then to dpsire tp lay holii of It when there is no more of it to come. Thesu pictures pi- images having this advantage, thet they inform thp piind b}^ opie glance, of what in Read- ing might require a whole chapter ; there beipg no other difference between them, than that read* ing presents leisurely, and by degrees, what a pic-: ture shew* at once. Hence he finds a conve^ i)ience in saying hj> prayers with sorajB devout pictiirt'8 before him, he being no sooner distract- ed, hMt the sight of these recal his wandering thoughts tp the right objm ; and as certainly brvoys something good into his mind, as an im- niode.^ picture disturbs Jiis heart with filthy thoughts. And because he is sensible that these holy pictures and images, represent and bring tq his mind such objects as ip his heart he loves, ho- nnillTR. Sinn t/onofofoa • Ka ^n^^^A I A -^ <.l- . . _ --_r--. s«v-^c- , ««: vajiijufc yui u»r ifirit ac- count love, honour, and respect the images them- pelves: as whosoever loves their husband, child, \ ■". I I n ill m '■•)'■ 12 OF PRAYING TO IMAGES. ^ or ft iend, cannot but have some love and respect for their pictures : whosoever loves and honours liis king, v^ill have some honour and regard for ihis image. Net that he venerates images or pic - tures, for any virtue or divinity believed to be in tliem, or for any thing that is to be petitioned of th^m ; but because the honour that is exhibited 'to them i« referred to those whom they represent. So that it is not properly the image he honours, but Christ and bis saints by the images — as it is not properly the images or pictures of kings, or other men that we respect or injure, but by their images Or pictures we respect or injure the per- sons themselves. All the veneration therefore, lie expresses before all images, whether by kneel* ing, lifltng up the eyes, burning candles, incense, &c. 18 not at all done for the image ; but is wholly referred to the thing represented, which he in- tends to honour by these actions, and how by so doing he breaks the second commandment, he cannot conceive ; for he acknowledges only one God, and to him alone gives sovereign honour ; and whatsoever respect he shews to a crucifix, picture, or image, seems to him no more injurious to anv of the commandments, than it is for a Christian \o love and honour his neighbour, be- cause be bears the image of God in his soul ; to kiss and esteem the Bible, because it contains and represents to him God's word ; or to love a good preacher, because he remind*? him of his duty ; ail which respects do not at all derogate from God Almighty's honours, but are rather tes- timonies of our great Ijove and honour o( him ; fiincet for his sake^ we love and e-^teem every thing that has any respect or relation to him. i!« i\ IS § 3. OF WORSHIPPING SAINTS* " The Papist mmeprsented^ makes gods ofdeacf mcB t such as are departed hence, and are now no more able to hear, or see/ or understand his necessities- And though God be m good as to fnvite alt to come virkh hirii, and ta apply them- selves to their onljr and i»finite Mediator iesur Christ ; yet so' stopid rs he, that neglecting, and, as it wcre^ passing by both God and hb own Son, atid all their mercies^; he betakes hitnseff tohir Saints, and there potirrng forth his prayers^ he considers thew m his mediators and redeemers, and expects no blessing but what istoootneto him by their merits, and through their haaib ; and thus, without scruple or remorse, he robs God of his honour.'' '^ Th* Papist frtf/y represented beliei^es theTe is only one God; and that it is a most damnable ido- Fatry to make gods of men, either living or dead. His church teaches hiw mdeed, atid he believes, " that it is good and profitabfe to d^sirfe the m- tercession of the sartits reignitag with Christ ttt heaven ;" but that they are gods, or hh redeem- er, he is no wrhere taught, but detests all such doctrine. He confesses that We are all redeemed by the bbod of Christ aionfe, and that he is our only mediator of redemption : but as for media- tors of intcrcessioh, (thiat is^ such as we may few** fully desire to* pray for us)' he does^not dtwkht, but It is acceptable to God we should have many. Moses was such a mediator fbr the Israelites ; Job for his three friend* ; St-i hen for his "^erts- cutors. The Romans were thus desired by' St. Paul to be his mediator ; so were the Corimhlaiis, w I . a H } I s it. I. \ i i I n ii i4 hf WORSliipPlxNG SAINT^. io tlie Ephesians ; (Ep. ad Rom, Cor. Eph.) ^o almost every sick man desires the congregation to be his mediators, by remembering him in their . prayerr. Aiid 80, the Papist desirei the blessed IB heaven to be hi& mediator^, that is, that they may pidy to God for him. And in thii he does not at all neglect coming to Grod; or rob him of hia honour ; hiit directing aU his prayers ub to him, aiid making him the uhim^^ate object of all h^ petitions^ he only desires ^oriietimes the just on ^tik, ^dmetim©$ those iri heaven to join their prayers to feisj^ that so the number of petitionerff being increased, the petition may find better ac- ceptance in the sight of God. And this is not tef make them gods but only peiittooefs to God ; it ig riot to make them his redeemers, but only m- tercessors to his Redeemer, he having no hope .or obtaining any thing but of God alowe, by and true the merits of Christ- for which he diesirea the Saints in hea^reri, and good men upoa ^^HK to offer up their prayers \Vitb his, the prayers of the just availing much before God But now, b<^w the saints in heaven know the prayers and Necessities of . those who addre^^ themselves toi them, v^hetherby the ministry of angels, or in, thei vlsioDi of God, or by some particular revelation* it is no part of his faith, nor is it, munly in- hdpeiof^ by and 4esire» a ^ai-th, Lyers of it now, ^ers and elves to! ir in. th«t irelatioDi^ hia ebn-i his part ^uftiated igs th^i cer ; ih^t E:oiiq:(^ib, ;h^[Qbei!y an never ^ de^if«t Of khnHtmut THB vmai^N. '^6 of itic^ ^ho bfeg theirintercesMowhepaoafiarth? et Deek^iy^ since *»ur Saiiour infotes te (Luke xvL) that Abratartt JieaWl the petiii©ii erf Dives, who waft y«t at a greater distance^ even in bell ; and told him likewiiie tlw manner of his ht^ing, while as yet on earfcE Nay, mc» it is generally allowed, that even the Very devils hear these dea- befate wretches who call oh theai, why should we koUbt that the Saints want thia. privilege, who, HiOiigli depatted this life, are n6t so ptoperly dendvaitanslated from a raorta life io in immor- ^me, whete enjoying God Almighty, they lose M mke^U #hich they enjoyed while dft-6arCb, bat m>^se^ all in a ftiote eminent manner, having «iottt ehafky, more knb#*edge, pore interest with G^dclttfk eveif, and becoming h'ke angels. (Luke USs m.y And ai these oflered up their prayers ftir Jerosalem aind the eH^es of Judah, (Zac. i, l^A so undoubtedly tbfey mmsefaU dowribefore the lamb. Having every one of therri harps y and golden vids^fnil of odour^i which art thej^raym of the savniey Apoc* V. 8i ^ Si e* AdDrbssino hIore sttpplications to THE VlSiCHN MARY THAN TO CHRIST. "This Papist inisrepresentedy believes the Vir-. gin Mary ib be much more powerful in heaven Uian Christ, and that she caa command him to do what she thinks good : and for this, he ho- nours her much more than he does her Son^ of God the Father ; for one prayet he says to God, •aying ten to the holy Virgin.'' « The P^niit trulv rcHre^enied, believes It dam- nable to think the Virgin Mary more poirerful in heaven thaii Christ : or that she dan in any thing command him. He bonoura her indeed, aa 1-^ *f Tt,- B'. \ i \ i i I :ii H OF PATINO DIVINE WO ASH 11^' TO RBLtCS. one that was chosen to be the moihei* of God, and blessed amongst women ; and he beliieves heif to be most acceptable to God in het intercession for us, but owning her still as a creature, and that all she has of excellency is the gift of God, pro- ceeding from hrs mere goodness. Neither does: he at any time say even so much as one prayer to her, but what is directed more paiticularly to God, because offered up as a thankful ibemoria! o( ChristV incarnation,' and acknowledgmeM of^ the blessed nes:s of Jesus, the fruit of the womb ;^ and this without imaginmg there is any more dis- honouring of God in his reciting the Angelical Sa* lutation^ than the first pronouncing it by the An- gel Gabriel and Elizabeth ; or that his frequent repetition of it is any more a» idle superslitioil than it was in David to repeat the same words over twenty-six times in the ll26th psalm. -f^n §4 OF PAY^NIS I^iVlNE \^0R8H1P T6 itELICS, « The Papist misrepresented, belieVeS a kiild of divinity to remain in the relics of his reputied saints; and, therefore, adores their rotten bones-^ their corrupt flesh—their old rag^s, with divine honour ; kneeling duwu to them — kissing th^m-^ and going in,pilg1rimag)e to* their sfirines and se* pulchres : and he is so far possessed with a C6ii«> ceited deity lying in tho6e senseless remains, thttt he foolishly bdicvet; they vtrork great miraclbtf; and raise mbre to life than ever Christ hitnsdf did." The Papist if*uij^ rispreserUedy believes it dam- imUiC S>i« i.UiUIW illicit i9 OUy UiTSiJiby iii %UC iCiilJS of saints-— or to adore them with divine honoui^^ or pray Co^their rotten boniest old ragS| or shrines M I) i 1>P PAyllfa BIVWS WORSHIP TO RELICS, 17 j-^or th^ctbey--by Elias' man- tle, after he was taken up into heaven, (2. Kings, li. 14.) — Eliseuti' bones^ (2. ^^iugs, xiii. 21.) ; and infinite other such insensible things : and also in the nev/ la^, by the hem of his own garment, /Malt. ix. 22.) — bv the shadow of St. Peter. (Acts. y. 124-— by the napkin and handkerchiefs, that JbjAd but pouched tl)e body of §t. Paul, casting oqt si |. i v^'. M i^- 1 d€yiU, and curing diseases, (Acts, xi*. 2^.)> and- $uch like. And, thus, by havings a veneration and respect for these, he honours Qod ; and does noi doubt but tha^ tJiey who contemn and profant these, d<^ *lie like to God ; o« much a» they did who profaned the bread and propitiatif*-*^^ temple, and the vessels that belonijed ^ It. § «}, or TH« EpCHARlST. « Thb Papist misrepreseniftif behevea it laarfu| to coromit idolatry ; and makes it his daily tprac- tice to worship and adore t» breaden god-*giving divine honour to ^hosp poor, empty f lamenta of> bread and wine. Qf these he asks par4on for bia sins — of these he d(e$ire8 gri^ce and 8alvatioo.*-r these he acknowledges to lmveb(sen his Redfem"- er and Saviour ; and hopes for no good^ b»t wba( is to come to hjm by roeaiis of housfbold godmft And then, for hi? apology, he allege* »uch groas contradictions, so contrary tp all sensfK and rea#«! son, that M'ho^pever will be a I'apist must be no man— fondly believed that what he adores is no bread or wine ; but Christ, really present, under ,tho«e appearances : and he makes as many Ghrista — ^? many Redeemers, as there are churches, alt; tars, or priests;— when, according to Qod*a infal- lible word, there i^ but one Christ^^and be not on earth ; but at the right hand of his Father in heaven." The Papist truly represented, believes it abo- minable tp comrait any kind of idolatry ; and most damnable to worship or adore a breaden god, or to give divine honour to the elements of bread ^ A -^.: tr „ ...»^<.uSm<. Aniu ^mA flrtrl. ivnA miinii iheaven and earth, and his only Son, Jesus Christ, pur Redeemer^^who being, in all thinjjs e^ual t^ 'I H 1» rs bt TH* CtlCflARTSf. 1^ » and- 1 UDd $ not Aurful jiving ntB of' : wha( igroftsi id rea#>i^, be 110 is no under >hrist« I infal" he not cher in t abo-> d most ^od> or \' bread jitt lieve,as Abrahamdidipromptlyi with a ftifihsiiptft riortoail senses or reason, and whithet^ thfSl9jeeiu)4 never^lead him. With this raith it is hi^t bellevep every mystery of hisreh'gion— the TrUiiti;) Ifi^iCig^* nation^ 6(Ci-^withthisf^ith ho believestbiit it^hat descended upon Our Savioufr at< his baptism iu Hie Jordan^ was really the Holy &i>f»st; jDhoYUthsen^e^ or reason could discover it to he notjiliiig but f 4iove — with this faith he belit^ves that ; the: la^m that Joshua saw standing over against blni) v^^h his sword drawn^ (Joshua, v. 13,), and ihe^tlNEe^ men timt Abraham entertained in the plains lof Mambre, (Gen. xviii.), wece» reaU|f and ^subslna- tially Domeu ; and that« notwithst^ndiiw^l the iDformation and.eividence of sensei from Ibeir co- lour, features, proportion, talking, eating, &c», of B l:i I tli M Mil It k\ ^1 I ! ( 1 l|< U ! «o OF THE EUCHARtbl ,et, without any tliscrecHt to their being men his senses, he really believes t!»ey were i.o sach thine— because God's word ha* assured hrm to the contrary;— and with this faith he believes Christ's body and blood to be really present iiv the blessed sacrament ; though, to all outward appearance, there h nothing more than bread and liine. Thus, not at all hearkening to his senses^ rn a matter where God speaks, he unfeigned ly confesses, that he who made the world out ol no- thing, by his sole word— that cufed diseases ^by his word— that raised the dead by hi^ word— that commanded the winds and the sras-^that mu ti- pHedbrcad— that changed- water mto wiive by \m word— and sinners into just men, cannot want power to change bread ^d wine into his own body and blood, by his sole word : and this w.th- out danger of multiplying his^bod->'— of making as many Christs as altars— or leaving tiw right hand of his Father ; but only by giving his bt>dy a su- pernatural manner of existence— by wl icti bemg without extension of parts, rendered mdependent of place, it may be one and the same in #many places at once— and whole in every-part ot the symbols— and not obnoxious to any corporal eon- tingencies. And this kind of existence is no more than what, in a manner, he bestows upon every glorified body— than what his own body had. when born, without the least viokition of his mo ther's virginal integrity— when he arose from - ^ :de*Mi, out of the sepulchre, without removing ti^e stonfc— when he entered amongst his disciples ; •the doors bei^ic shut. And, though he cannot ««^^ra*^«il> J' Hn« m done; vet be undoubtedly believes th^! do I is able to do more than he is able to understand. w 21 , • Iiim ta elieves ent in? J t ward ad and senses^ gneiity ot" no- ises by .1— -that , multi- f by his C want lis own is wilh- iking as ht hand ly a su- ti being pfendent 1 /many t oi' the ral eon- no more )n every idy ha<), his n^<' from <^f jving tl^e lisciplcs^ ; e cannot oubtedly )an heis § 6 OF MFIUTji AND (JOOD WOllKS. " Thb Papist wisreprest nted, he]\eve» Chmi'§ death and passion to he iiietlectual and insignifi^ /canc ; and that he has ru> dtpondency upon the ttieriis of hit* suiferini;}', or tkt mtrry of God, for the obtaining salvation ; b^it itmt he is to be saved by iiis oivn merits ; and, for liiis reason, he is very zealou&ly busy in fasting— ^in watching — in going in procession-— in wearing hair-shirts — and using a thousand sgch like mortifications: and, havin«^ 4oii.e tiiis, he thinks himself not at all be- holden to God for bis salvation ; and that to give him lieaven will he no favour^t being now his due, upon the account of his meritorious achieve- ments, without any God-a-mercy to Christ's pas- sion, or his Maker^s goodness. The Papist iruli^ represented, believes«it dam- nable to say that Christ's death and passion is in- effectual and insignificant; and that it is the doc- trine of devils, to believe that he has no depen- dance for his salv^ion upon the merits of Christ's sufferings, or the mercy of God ; but only upon his own merits and good works. It is his faith to believe, that of ouri»elveS} we are not sufficient tso much as to have a good thought — that th^ grace by w Inch we are justified is given so purely gra- tis — upon the account of Christ's merits. More- over, thai no man, how just soever, can merit any thing, either in this life, or in that to come, inde- pendtntly ,of the merits and passion of Jesus Christ. Nevertheless, that, through the merits of Christ, the good works of a just man, proceeding from grace, are so acceptable to God, that, through l?is goodness and promise, they are truly raerito- ) ■ it t , i > i ■ I II I 11 S2 OP CONFESSION. rious of eternal life- And this he has learnrd from the aDOBtle, (I.Tim, iy, S.)» where he is taujjht that there is a crown of justice,, which our Lord, the ju»t jud^e, will render at ttie last day ; not ooiy to St. Paul, bwt also to all tho^e who shall have fought a good fight, and consummated their <;Ourse'rktept the faith, and loyed his comin^^ finowing, therefore, that at th^ day of jndgnnent lie H to receive according to his works^ he endea- vours by <^ood marks to mak^ his vocation nndelec* ii6r^sure^{2 Peter i. !0.) arxd in following thi$ tjounsel, he tlilnks he no more offends against the fiilflesi'8 of the merits of Christ, or Qod's mercy, thaii the Apostle does in giving it. §7, OF CONFESSION. << Thr Papist misrepresented, believes it part of his religion to make gods of men, foolishly think- iftg they have power to forgive sins : and, there* fim, m often as he finds his conscience oppresstd With the guilt of his t^ffences, he calls for one of^ his priests, and having run over a catalogue of hi« sins, he a^ks of him pardon and forgiveness ; and. ivhat is most absurd of all, he is so stupid as^to believe, rhat if his ghostly. Father, m^^ l^e has heard ^H his villainies in his ear, does but pro- nounce three or four Latin words over his head, h'.s sins are forgiven him, although he had never ^ny thoughts of ^mendmeOt, or intention to for. sake his wickedness.'* The Papist truly represented^ believe? it dam- nSible in any religion, to make gods of men. How- • ever, ne nriniv uuius, uja- vfixt»» ^■^,,■.,~^-y-~— ^ to his apostles, saia-.(John xx. 22.) *' Receive ye the Holy Ghost, whose sins you shall forgive, they n n OW iNOULGfi^ICSft. 23 d from • Lord, y ; "^*t o shall d their Igment endea- ndelec- n^ thi$ ingt the niercy, part of r thiftk- , th«re* ^presfttd one oF \e of his s ; and, id as to he ha$ ut pro- is head, d never 1 to for . it dam- i. How- nPflkino' „__..-_, ceive ye ive, they are forgiv^ia ; ^nd whose sins you shall retain» they are rdained i" he gave them and their suo cessorS) the bishops, and priests of the Cathoh'e Church, autliority to absolve any traly penitent sinner from his sin- And God having thus given them the ministry of reconciliation^ and made them Christ^s legates, (2 Cor. v, 18, 19, 20.) Christ^s ministers and the dispensers oj the mysteries of Christ ( 1 Cor. iv.) and given them power that ivhatsoever they loose on earth shall be loosed in hea^ ten, (Matt, xxviii. 18 ) he undoubtedly believes, that whosoever jcomes to them, making a sincere and humble confession of his sins, with a true re* pentance and ^tm purpose of amendment, and a hearty resoludon of turning from his evil way^, may, from them receive absolution, by the authori- ty given them from heaven ; and no doubt but God ratifies abovei the sentence pronounced in that tribunal ; *^ loosing in heaven whatsoever is thus loosed hy them on earth" And that whavsoever comes without the due preparation, without a re* pentance from the bottom of his heart, and a real intention of forsaking his sins, receiver no benefit by the absolution, but adds sin to sip, by a high contempt of God's mercy, and abuse of his sacra- ments, § 8. OF llfDULGENCBS. " The Papist misrepresented, believes that hiik holy father the Pope, can give him leave to com- init what sin he pleaseth ; especially if he can make him a present of a round sum of money, he never need doubt of indulgence or pardon for hira-^ or wickedness, he, or any of his posterity may have convenience of falling into ; and, having his If- t A; ■|> I » i I i m 'i- n ::!• ( ; ■ 1 I ! i c^^mrtrissidn in his pocket, under this Pope's broad i^al, he may be confident that Chriat will confirm ^d stand to aW that his Vi^ar ^pon earth has Ranted, and not call him to any account for any thing he has done, aUhoegh he fhould chance to, diev without the least remorse of conscience, or. repentatice fbr his sins."' TtfB Papist trvlu repri^^mMih^leyes it damna- ble to hdcj that the Pope, or any other power in heaven or eanh, can give him leaTe to commit any sins whatsoever ; or that for any sum of mo- ney he can obtain an indi^lgence or pardon for his sm§ tha^ ^re to be committed by him, or his heirs, hereafter. He firmly believes that no sifts can be forgiven, \^ithout a true and hearty repentance ; but that still there is power in the church, of granting ihdutgencus ; by which, as he is taught in his catechism, nothrng more is meant than a r^leaking,tb such as are truly penitent, the debt of temporal punishment v^^hich remained due on ac~ count of those sins, which, as to the guilt and eternal punishment, had been ^Iready remitted by repentance and confession : for we see in the case ofKing David, (2. Sam. xii. 10, 11, 1% 13, )4,> that the debt of temporal punishment is not al- ways remitted when the guilt of the sin is remit- ted ; and as the church of God, from the begin- ning, was ever convinced of this truth, therefore beside^ the hearty repentance and confession which she insisted upon, in order for the discharge of the guilt of sit^ ; she also required severe pe- nances, sometimes of three, seven, ten, or more VAortt f/\i* tUck AtanrhavtTf* e\£ thpt rjphtl f\£ the tSmDO- rf I Piunishment due to divine justice. Now, the releasing or moderating, for just causes, these pe- nalties incurred by sin, is called an indulgence ; broad onfirm th has br any ince to [ice, or. lamna- iwer in unnnit of mo- for his i heirs, can be tance ; rch, of taught than a debt of on ac~ i)t and itted by he case 1 3, ) 4,) not al- s remit- 5 begin- lerefore nfession ii^charge /ere pe- ir more tempo- iieae pe- Igcnce ; OF SATISFACTION. A ^nd the pp^er of granting such indulgences is vi- «ibly implied in the promise of the Iseys, and of binding and loosing, made to %he pastors of the, church, (St. ]\latt. xvi. 19.) And the exercise of his power was frequent in the primitive church, and i^ even authorissed by theejcample of M, Paiil himself, who granted such an indulgence to the incestuous Cori^iihian, (2 Cor. ii. 10.) jor giving, as he says, in thepevson of Ckris^^ihsii is, hy the power and authority he had received from him. Now, the good works usually required for the ob- taining indulgences, are, prayer, fasting, visiting churches, qont^pssion, communion, and alms- fleeds; but what money there is given at any time on this account, concerns not at all the F«ipe's poffers, but is by every one given as they please, either ^p the poor, the sick ,^ to pmoners, &c., where they judge it most charitabk. As to the rest> if any abuses have been committed in grant- ing or gaining indulgences', through the fault of some particular persons, these capnot in justice be charged upon the church, or to the prejudice of her (aith and doctpne ; especially since she has been so careful ip the retrenching them, as may be seen by what was done in the Council of Trent, Decreta de indulgentiis^ . 1" § 9.. OF SATISFACTION. '^ The VskfiisimisrepresenUd, believes very inju- riously of Christ's passion, being perr^uaded that his sufferings and death were not suificiently sa- tisfactory for our sins, but that it is necessary for every one to make satisfaction for himselt^ And for this end, after he has been at confession, the priest enjoins him a penance, by the performance of which be is to satisfy for his offences, and thus, I' If i • I 1 i j' t ! ! 26 OF SATlsrAf ION. confidently rejying OD h.» own P^"!'"'''?';;"^;;^^;' he ulterlyi eject* Christ's passion ; and, tliougti htSo&s himself a Christian, and that Christ IhU Saviour, jet. by his Siiijr t.ugtmgto h.m, he lis to tWnk'him ti. be no better tba" f «' h-s crucifix represents, that is. a mere wooden one. The Papist irulu represented, believes it dam- nable to think injuriously of Christ's passion, ne- vertheless, he believes, that, though condign sa- :r.Sj£; for the guilt of sin. andtheet^^^^^^^^^^^ due to it, be proper only to Christ o"' Saviour-- vet that penitent sinners, being redeemed by Sist, and made his members, may •n^o™?^^*'«; eure satisfy by prayers fasting, ahn;^, f,^- ^^'J^^ uu.poral pain, which by order of God s jusuce 8omeii.nes remains due after the guilt, and the " "nal pain, are remitted ; so that trusting ... Christ as his Redeemer, he y^^ does not think ^.at by Christ's suffering, every Chris uan .s d.s- charged of his particular suff«7«g«.»"^;ha every one is to suffer something for himself, as St. Pafll did.who by many tribulation., and by ^»^^J"S^ f , Wis own flesh, filled up that which was behind « the passion of Christ ; and this not only f^r h.m i but for the whole church, (Coloss. ..;22.) and ■ this he finds every where in scripture, viz : peo, pie admonished of the greatness of the r s ms doing penance in fasting, sackcloth, and ashes, and by voluntarv austerities, endeavour.ug to sa- tisfv the divine justice ; and these P."f ""'*«"': factions. God has sufficiently also ininded h.m of, in the punishments inaicteJ -on Moses, Aaran, T^ .: J 1-A :„a.,;»B nthffrs. and even in the afflic- tions sent by God upon our own ag*. '» P'"^"**'. war., fires, persecutions, rebellions, and such like , w!, ch, (ew are so atheistical, but they confess to !H|I works, though Christ bim, he hat his one/' t dam- >n, ne- lign sa- [jal pain iviour— raed by ne mea* . for the justice, and the sting iu ot think n is dis- lat every St, PaAl leriiigs in )ehind of fiif him- 7\z I peOf lieir sins ; nd ashes, iug to sa- jnal satis- »d him of, 8, Aaran, the afflic- a plagues, such like ; confess to Of RtTADlNG^tHB HOhV SCRIPTURES, 27 be sent from hearken for the just chastisement of oursinSf «nd which we are to undergo, notwilh? standing the infinite satisfaction made by Christ, and without any undervaluing it. Now being thus convinced of soine temporal punishments be- ing due %Q his sins, he acpepts of all tribulations, whether in body, name, or estate, from whence soever they come ; and with others of their own choosing, offers them up to Gqd for discharging this debt, still confessing thi|t his offences deserve still more; but these penitentiaj works, he ii» taught, are no otherwise satisfactory, thjan as join- ed and applied to the satisfaction whjch Jesus made upon the cross; in virtue of which alone, all pur good worlds tind*i=^ grateful acceptance in the sight of God, §^ 10. OF READING THE IIOI^V SCRIPTURES. ^< The Papist misrepresented^ believes it part of bis duty, to speal^ irreverently of the Holy Scrip- ture ; to do what he is able to lessen the repute of it, and bring it into disgrace ; and for this end, he says it is obscure, full of ambiguous expressions, aDti not fit to be read by the vulgar, npt fit to he translated into vulgar languages \ and, without respect to Christ or his apostles, profanely teaches, that no t^n books in the world have done so n^uch mischief to Christianity as this one ; and under a vain pretence *of preventing farther inconveniences, endeavours to deprive all of this spiritual com fort, of this divine food, of this heavenly light, that so being k^pt in ds^rkne&s, they may be also preserved in ignorance, and damned eternally." The Papist tn% rcj^resen^ed, believes it damnable in any one, to think, speak, or, do any thing irreverently fOw&rua tiiC SCnptur6, Or isy miy means wiiaiSOcVer w Wing it into disrepute or disgrace. He holds it in the highest veneration of all meiT living ; he professes it to \\ '^ A I 1 ■■1 ;i^ ^8 0F HEADING Tttfi HOLY SCRIPTUIIES. ! V I :li 'ill!! be the pure oracle of Cioa,anH that we are rather bound to lose our lives than co4»« \jr any way to its profanation* It is tiue he does not think it lit to be read generally, by all, in the vulgar tongues ; not for any disrepect to it, but:— 1. Because he understands that private inter- pretation is not proper for the scripture, (2 Pet. i. 20,) 2. Because in the eoistlesof St.Paul are certain thine^ hard to be understood, which the unearned afid unstable wrest, as qlso the rest of the sciiptures, to their ottm perdition, (^ Pet. iii. 16.) 3. Because Gqd hasgirei^ only sowif to be apostles, some prophets, other so^ eyanr gelists, and some pastors and teachers, (Ej^h* iv.ll.) pot these reasons he is taught, that it is not convenient fo^ the scripture to be read indifferently by all men ; but only by such as are humble, discreet, and devout ; .anj such as are willing to observe directions in the perusin§|. this sacred volume ; that is, to take nptice pf all Godly histories, and imitate examples of humility, chastity, obedience, mercy to the poor, &c., and in all hard, ob-' scure and disputable points, to refer all to the arbitral tion of the church, tp the judgment of those whom God has appointed pastors' and teachers ; never presuming to rontend, control, teach,or talk pftheir pwn^ense and fancy in deep questions of divinity and high mystenQS of faith ; but expecting the scj^se of ^hese hqva the lips of the priest, who shall keep knowledge, ana from v^ose mouth they shal^ require the law, (iVlal. ii. 7.) and this caution is used, Ust the scripture in coming into the hands of a presuming sort of proud, curious, and conten-. tious people, be abused and perverted, who^ make it their business to inquire into the high and hidden se- crets of God's counsels, and upon the presumption of I know not what spirit, immediately become teachers,, controlers, and judges of dpctors, church, scripture, and all ; and acknowledging no authority left by Christ, to which they are to submit ; under pretence of scripture and God's word, make way for all sorts of profaneness, ineligion, and atheism ; so that it is not for the pre«» serving ignorance he allows a restraint upon the reading the scripture, but for the preventing a blind, ignorant but .an(J 0£ 'jmH ftCai^TUKB AS A RULE Or FAITH.: g§ f»resutiiption^ aad that it may be done to edification^ 'fttid not to destruction ; and without casting what is. iudy to dogSy nd- ed on scTipture, he finds that almpst every text of the Bible, and even those that concern the most essential and fundamental points of the Christian rel^gian, have heen interpreted several ways, audi made to signify things contrary to one another ; and thus, while con- trary ipeani^gs are by seyeral persons dravva from th^ HI I )■ ► ^1 ii' Kilij! j!'i! 30 OF THIC INTERPRETATIOK OF 3CRIPTURE, same word, the scripture is still silent, without discor vering which of all these senses is that intended by the Holy Ghost, and ageeable to truth ; and which 9xe er- roneous and anti-Christian : he conclqdes that the scrip- ture alone, without taking along with it the interpreta- tion of the church, cannot l?e to every private person the whole rule of his faith. Not that there is any au- thority >vanting pp the scripture side, but because no private person cap be certain, whether, amongst all the several meaning every text is liable to, that which he understapdR it m is right or not. Ai)d without this certainty of truth, and security from error, he knows there is nothing capable of being a sulSicient rule of his faith. § 12. OF THE INTERPRETATION OF SCRIPTURE, '* The Papist misrepresented, believes that his church, which he calls catholic, is above the scripture ; and profanely allows to her an uncontrolable authority of being judge of the word of God ; and being fondly abused into a distrust of the scriptures, and that he can be certain of nothing, not even of the fundamentals of Christianity, from what is delivered in them, though they speak ever so plainly ; he is taught wholly to rely upon this church, arid not to believe one word the scrip- ture says, unless his church says so too." The Papist truly represented, belie ves that the church is not above the scripture ; but allows that order be- tween thefn as is between the judge and the law ; and is no other than what generally every private member of the " reformation" challanges to himself, as often as he pretends to decide any doubt of his own, or his nei2:hbour in religion, by interpreting the scripture. — Neither is he taught at all U> distrust the scripture, or not to rely on it, but only to distrust his own private interpretation of it, and not to rely on his own judgment in the resolution of any doubt concerning faith or reli- r*\r^n 4'kr>ftrrh Ka /*an ni»rk«)ii/>a envof^l fitvfe in rairniir nT LllV^C^ lll»"M^li Il\; vats. L/t^JlitSV^ t.•^,- T --riax VS.-XV-J I>»« »%!!•- --»«s ■<,-» his opinion : but, in all such cases, he is commanded URE, lit discor ?d by the h jire er- lie scrip- terpreta- te person any au- cause no st all the vhich he [tout this le knows [lie of his OF TRAEriTION 31 PTURE, s church, are ; and hority of ig fondly at he can lentals of 1, though ly to rely the scrip- le church order be- aw ; and 3 member s often as ^n, or his ripture. — ipture, or 'n private juagment ;h or reii- fQirniir nf •■ *«9 ^* X ' to recur to the church ; and, having learned from her the trne sense of all such texts, how they have been un.erstood oy the whole community of Cnristians, iit till ages since the apostles ; and what has been the re-* ceived doctrine in such doubtful and difficnlt points; he is obliged to submit to this, and n»ver presume on his own private sentiments, however seemingly grounded on reason and scripture, to believe or preach any new tloctrine opposite to the helief of the church ; but as he receives from her the book; so also to receive fro:ri her the sense of the book ; with a holy confidence, that she th^.t did not cheat him in delivering a false book for a tru»? one, will not cheat him in delivering a false and erroneous sense for (he true one ; her authority, which is siiiHcient in the one, being net less in the other; hnd his own private judgment, which was insufficient in the one, that is in finding out the true sci ipture, and discerning it from all other books, being as incapable and insumcient in the other, that is, in certainly disco^ veringthe meaning of the Holy Ghost, and avoiding all other heterodox and mistaken interpretations^ Us. OF TRADITIOlSr. mmanded " Tut Papist misrepresented, believes (he Holy Scripture to be imperfect ; and for the supplying of what he thinks defective in it, he admits htmoan ordinances and traditions of men ; allowing equal authority to these as ta the scriptures themselves, thinking himself as fnuch oblig.^d to submit to these, and believe them with divine faith, as he does whatsoetrer is written in the Bi- hle, a!ul confessedly spoken by the Author of all truth, God himself. Neither will he admit any one to be ii tnember of his communion, although he undoubtedly believes every word that is written in the scripture, un- less he also assents to the traditions, and gives as great credit to th^rti as to the word of Got!, although in that there is not the least footstep to be foun uui *Huy uuu^i:u lu uuwuvc vviia>> v^j-s-^'^'' and his apostles taught, but also every detlniUon or de- btr coUNcrns. ii in in it ; ;se as id' exact it 3ommu-» ouj^httd elation ; ut wfoat and has hurch of has been But now 6 him as by word him, he II others, ty and to word or y One as iis (thii^) lly holds ise ill all and deli- they are rhat Ihny of scrip-^^ eive and with ihe errtiption the doc- ,0 it with 1 esteems 3 than he theiaith irery day, m or de- me of any general council assembled by the Pope ; so ttoatas often as any thing is issued out by the authority of any of these church pailiameri^s, and ordered to be hebeved, he thinks himself uiider jJain of damnation; immediately bound to receive it, and harinj? added it to his creed, to assent to it with as firm, steadfast, and di- iriBC « faith, as if it had been command^ by Christ iumfiea, and decreed in the consistory of heaven." Tif« Pa|j)ist truly rejpresented, believes that the faith •fthechtarch can receive no additions, and that he is .oMiMd tob6Iieve nothing besides that \vhicji Christ and TL:KT*^ taTiight,and if anything contrary to this mmld be defined and commanded to be believed, even %y ten thousand councils, he believes it damnable in ai^ne to receive it, and by sucTi decrees to make ad- ^ftdnsto his creed. However, he maintains the au- thority of general councils lawfully assembled, whose Mianess it is, not to coin new articles of faith, or devise fresh tteiets, but only as dften as any point of received *E>ctrine is impugned, or called in question to debate the matter, and examine what has been the belief of aH nations [who are there Resent in their prelates] in that point, and this being agteed upon, to publish and make known to the world which is the Catholic doc- tnne left by Christ and his apostles^ and which the new broached error. And, by this means to prevent the loss ot an infinite Mmber of souls, which might otherwise be deluded, and carried aw^av after hew inventions ; and m this 6asehfe believes he is obliged to submit, and receive the decrees Of such a roUncil : the pastors and prela,tes there present, being by Christ and his apostles appointed for the decision Of ^uch controversies, they *^^T'f o ^^® and he having jfeceited Command, as like- ^m «ie whdle flock of tlskiyto o% their prelates, I %%; m < -, ;■ T(: p: w, It' a iii 11 34. OF IKFAU^IBILlTy IN THE CHURCH. and to be subject to them who watch and are to render an account of their souls.^Ueh. xiii. 17.--wHh an as- surance, that he that heareth them, heareth Christ ;and he that despiseth theniy despiseth Christ, Luke, x. lb. § 15. or I?IPALLlBltITy IN THfc CHURCH. The Papist misrevresmted, believes that the paatorg and prelates of his church are infallible, and that like so many divine oracles, or petty deities, they are ex- empt from error, and cannot deceive, or be deceived j but this esp.^cially when they are met together in a -e^ neral council. It being a main part of Iws faith, that then they are secure from all mistake^ and that it is as impossible for them, how ignorant or wicked soever, to decline either to the right hand or to the left in any of theU defintions and decrees, as itls toiGod to become the author of lies.^' The Papist truly represented, believes that the pas- tors and prelates of his church are fallible ; that there is none of them but what may fall into error, and here- sies, and consequently liable to be deceived. But that the whole church can fail, 01 be deceived in any one point of faith, this he believes impossible, knowmg it to be built on better promises^ sttch as secure her from all error and danger of prevarication. Her foundation be- ino. laid by Christ, against which the gates oj heU shail mt prevJl, Matt. xvi. 18. The power that protects her being Christ himself, Behold, I am with you all days, Matt.xxviii. 00. The spirit that guides and teaches her being the Comforter, the Holy Ghos , who shall teach her all things, and suggest to her all things that Christ has said to her, John, xiv. 2«.^ the time that she is to be thus protected, taught, and assisted, being, not only while the apostles lived, or for the first three, four, or five hundred years next after, but for ever, to the Ud df the world-JSehoW f am with you all datg, ev^n unto the end of the world, Matt, xxviii. ^. He .» • /L D^«.ri^Uf« thnf hA mail ahiat Witn yovjor ever, John »y, 16, H^he Spirit of Truth. OF INFALLIBILITY IN THE CHURCH- 35 rertder an as* I ; and 16. CH. ait J ike ire ex- eived ', I a ^e- h, that it U as soever, in any become he pas- Lt there d here- lutlhat my one ng it ta from all tion be-' eU shall protects all doys^ teaches 10 shall ngs that ime that , being;, St three, ever, to dl days, 20. He ^lidtwith f truth. And the thing, that she is to be thus taught to the end of the world, being all truth. He sfiall teach yov. all truth, John xvi. 13. Now, being assured by these pro- mises, ^hat the church of Christ shall be taught all truth, by the special assistance of the Hply Ghost, to the end of the world, he has faith to believe that Christ will jiake his works good, and that his church shall never fail, nor be corrupted* with antichristian doctrine, nor be the mistress of errors, but shall be taught all truth, to the consummation of the world ; and that " whosor ever heara her, hears Christ 5 and whosoever despises her, despiseth Christ, and ought to be esteemed as a heathen or a publican,'* Matt, xyiii. 17. The like asr sistance of the Holy Ghost he believes to be in all ge- neral councils, which is the Church representative, [as the parliament is the representative of the nation,] by which they are specially protected from all error, in all definitions and declarations in matters of faith. So that What the apostles pronounced concerning the re-^ «ult of their counsel. Acts xv. 08., it hath seemed good tQ the Holv Ghost, and to us, he does not doubt, may be prefixed to all determinations in point of faith, rer solved upon by any general council, lawfully assem- bled, since that tjme, or to be held to the world's end— the assistance being to extend as far as the promise. And tho^gh it be possible that several of the prelates and pastors in such an assembly, as also many others in communion with the church of Christ, should at other times, either through pride, or ignorance, preva- ricate, make innovations in faith, teach erroneous doc- trines, and endeavour to draw numbers after them, yet, he IS taught thpit this does not at all argue a fallibility in the church, nor prejudice her faith, but only the persons that thus uqhappily fall into these errors, and cut themselves of from being members of the mystical body of Christ upon earth. Whilst the belief of the church remains pure and untainted, wmI experiences thi^ truth nf what Sf . PahI fnr^fAiA /Anf r»tM'i>A«,«...»7«i/.o shall enter in amongst you, not sparing the flock ; also 1: 86 Of tH$ i'oip^F. 4 I of your owm idves shall men arise speaking ptf' verse ikmgs^ to dram awaij dimple^ after tlum^ Acts, XX. "29> SO., which, as it praved true even in the apo§tle§- time, by the fall of Nichoks and peveral others, 80 it has b^en verified in «lUges $ince, by tlirbulept «nid presuming spirits ^broach- ing new doctrines, and making separations and ^<;hisms ; but this, without casting any more as? persion on the church or congregation of the faithful, than the fall of Judas did on the apdjrtles, or the rebellipn of Lucifer on the hierarchy of angels. Neither does it reflect at all upon Ih^ >:hurch's authority, of make the trutli of herdoc^ triite questiqnable to hjm, that many of the tnena- bers or prelates have b^en, or are e^iormqus sin- ners ; because he is uonvjnced that the promises pf God's continued and uninterrupted aa^istfiriCQ to his cnurch, arp not to be made vdd by tbc wickedness pf partijcular qcien, in hov^^ great dig- pity soever. § 16. OF THE POPE, <« The papist misrepreienied^ believes the Pope to be his great God, and to be far above all the angels i that Christ is no longer head of the church, but that his holy Father hath Uken his place ; and that whatsoever he orders, decrees, or commands, is to be received by his flock with^the same respect, submissiop, and awe, as if V^"f had spoken it by his own mouth. Far this, hi* Holiness, having once received the triple crown 1:. u:a u^o/i. ho K nnw no loncer liable to error^ i%..e&u7 ^ttt infallible, aod can da it^th^ng mm* * ptf*' even 6 find [ pges oach- 13 ancl ire 9St >f the d$tles^ thy of >n thie rdoc-i naenti? oiiiise9 ^y the Eit dlgi 5 Pope all the Df the ^en bis ees, or ith the Cbrifil hts,hb cro«tn ) errofn . 1*HE Papist truly represented^ believes the Pope ta, be none of his God—neither great nor little—that he isl not above the angels, but only a man. He believes that Christ, as he is supreme master, governor, and Lord ot* all created things 5 so also, of bis church, of which h^ acknowledges him to be'the founder and head* But as, notwithstanding this lordship and headship of Cbrisit over ^1 things, every father of a family owns himself, to be master of it, under Christ ; and every kingis cpn-^ fessed supreme lord and governor of his dominions, W'* der God ; iso alsoj he believes that there is a pastor^ go^ vernor, and head of Christ^s church, under Christ-^to wit, the Pope, or Bishop of Rome 5 who is the success' sor of St. Peter, to Whom Christ committed the care of his flock, and who hath been followed now by st, viable succession above two hutidred and lifty bishdpsj ac-. knowledged as such, in all ages, by the Christidn world.' And now believing the Pope to enjoy this dignity, he looks upon himself obliged to show that ^^spect, sub. ihission, and obedience which is dne to jiis pliise ; a thing no body caft,in reason or conscieiice^depy tofijiy "dhe m rule, or that has any superiority. Nelther'dOeft he make any doubt but God assists those who have this high charge, with a pHrticular helping grace, With res- pettto their office and ftmction, for the bene$i of the' whole flock; though he is not obliged to believe ihetk infalJible— much less impeccable— this being a poliit never defined by the chutch* § 17. or DISi»KNSAT|0^g. «> ece'ved y of his 1 of any e to the ^V«on re- s relate, received •y might hurch of the Pope ;e to his I' subject, ity of his kd that if at ail ex- deemed 1 take iipi ;o Rome ; ing thaHj amongst represent-, y dispense le can de-7 5 ox give nst them, 2 deposing les of his [ed to the 10 pes have but he also aked upoi\ g as earn-. ly Engclish ; to kings, from having popish subjects, it is very well known th?^t l)iinces in popish countries sit as safe on their thrones, and enjoy as much peace and security as any princes whatsoever ; and the papists here in England can give as good proofs of their loyalty, ami that to piotestant kings and princes, as the best of those that clamour so loudly against them. , §19. or COMMUNION IN ONE KIND.. *' The Papist misrepresented, believes that he' is no longer obliged to obey Christ's commands than his church will give him leave ; and that, therefore, though Christ instituted the sacrament under both kinds, and commanded it to be so received by all, yet he thinks it not necessary for any to do so now but piiests ; because the church, forsooth hath forbidden the cup to the laity, and put a stop to the precept of Christ, Drink ye til of thisfi The Papist trviy represented, believes that he is ob- liged to obey all thecommandsof Christ; and that nei- ther his church, nor any other power upon earth, can limit, alter, or annul any precept of divme institution, contrary to the intention of the Lawgiver. Neither is the denial of the *cup to the lait^ a practice any wiays opposite to this his belief, he being taught, that though Christ instituted the blessed sacrament under bolh kinds, and sode'vered it to his Apostles, who only then were present, and whom he then made priests, yet he gave no command that it should be received by all the faithful, but left this indifferent, as it is evident from his own words', where he attributes the obtaining lite everlasting, which is the end of the institution, no less to the receiving in one kind, than to the receiving un- der both kinds ; as when he says, If any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever. He that eateth me,the same shaU live by me. He that eateth this bread shail l.\.« /U.. ^«i>/k* /TnVin i7t .^1 ft7. fVs :S and a Riirinuit readf>r KSS.'& J\f! tivtr , 5 «.- vsisi Tie -,.- s-^j — <• j,- — - may find as many texts for thus receiving under one kind as for the other. Thus St. Augustine was of bpi- Vtll ki J vfl. 3' , n 42 Oy COMMUNION IN ONE KIND. ©ion, that Christ himself administered the sacrament to 8ome ot* his disciples under one kind only, viz, to the ivvo going; to Emmaus, (Luke %xiv. 30,,) and that the ajfcmss afterwards did often practise the like, when they assembled to break bread, (Acts ii. Sec,) which places, he and other fathers explain of the sacrament, Aug, L. Conf^ Evang. c. 49 ; and that it was the cus- tom of the pnlmitive Christians to give it under one kind to children, to the sick, and to the faithful in time of persecution ; and that men on ajou n-sed lo car-^ ry it with them, is attested both by anc writers and modem historians. Nay, he finds that ii was the praq- tioe of the church to communicate under one kind only, or else under both, as was considered good, for .the first four hundred years after Christ ; and that the precept of leceiying under both kinds was o;^ven to the faithful by Pope Leo I, in the year 443, and confirmed by Pope Gelasius in 490, not for the correcting any abuse that had crept into the church, but for discovering the Ma- nichees, who, being of the opinion that Christ had no true bjood, and that wine was the gall of the devil, used to lurk among the Christians, and receiving und^r the form of bread only, as the rest di'l, remained undis- tinguished, until by this obligation of all receiving the cup^ which they judged unlawful and abominable j they were detected. And now, if a thing, until that time indifferent^ was for these motives determined by eccle- siastical precept, and so observed for some hundr„ed years without scruple or questioning the authority, why should he doubt to submit to the same authority, when upon different motives and circumstances they issue forth another precept ? Few doubt of this in the man- ner of eating strangled meats and blood, which, though forbid by the apostles, (Acts xv«) and so at that time unlawful) is now, and upon other circumstances, be- come a thing indifferent, like other things. And why then shuuld he scruple in this, especially, sinc^ there is no injury done, nor he defrauded of any thing? For, hielieving the real presence of Christ in the sacrament, ment to , to the that the , when ) which rament, ;he cus- der one in time [ to car-i ters ariji le praq- id only, the first precept faithful by Pope use that the M^- t had np # devil, iglind^r d undiS- ving the blcjthey hat time y eccle-- hundr„ed ity,why y, when ey issue he man- i, though hat time ices, be^ Ud why 10^ there ig? For, crament, OF THE MASS. ^H he consequently believes whole and living Jesus to be entirely contained under either species ; and that re- ceiving one kind, he is truly partaker of the whole sa- crament, and not deprived of either the body or blood of Christ. § 20. OF THE Mass. << The Papist misrepresented^ believes that there as an insufficiency in the sacrifice made by Christ iipon the cross, and that his death will little avail us in or- der to our redemption unless we, by daily sacrificing him to his Father, perfect what he began ; and, there- fore, taking little notice of what St, Paul's words to the Hebrews, chap. x. 14. where he says that Chist^ our High Priest y by me oblation, hath perfected for eiver them that are sanctified ; he thinks he shall never be sanctified but by the offerings made by his Mass Priests, upon their altars, when they say Mass." The Papist trviy represented^ believes that the sa- crifice made by Christ upon the cross, was altogether sufficient ; that by it he saved and redeemed us, pay- ing the debt of sin, and satisfying the infinite justice of his Father ; that by it he procured for us all means for our salvation ; all grace:, in order for faith and good works ; all the sacraments; and which of all things, is most acceptable to God, the offering of a sacrifice.°But us Christ's worshipping of God, his fasting, praying, and suffering for us, does not hinr^^r or prevent our worship- ping of God-^our fasting, suliering, or praying for our- selves ; so, neither, did his sacrifice hinder or supercede all sacrifices for ever, And, as he instituted fasting, praying, and suffering for bis followers, that, by so do- ing they might apply what he did to themselves f so, also, he instituted a sacrifice, that by it they might ap- ply the merits of his sacrifice, and make it beneficial to their souls. So that, though he firmly believes that — s?ssn-.t ---«viv« csxvmn^c iui uui Auucifipiiuii, aitQ oy me one only offering, spoken of by St. Paul, perfected, by way of redemption, the sanctification of all those that are sanctified ; yet he also believes, that to receive the I M 44 or PURGATORY' benefit of this tigering, we must also do our pails-^ by our good works coucuning with Christ, and,in50ine manner purifying our own souls— (1 John, iii.3.) and therefore, not to omit the best of all works, which is sacrifice ; which our Saviour, Jesus Christ, instituted at his last supper ; when, leaving to us his body and blood, under the two distinct species of bread and wine, he bequeathed as a legacy to his apostles, not only a sacrament, but also a sacrifice, a pure commemorative sacrifice, lively representing in an unbloody manner, the bloody sacrifice which was offered for us upon the cross ; and, by a distinction of the symbols, distinctly showing forth his (Christ's) death until he comes. This he gave in charge to his apostles, as to the first and chief priests of the New Testament, and to their suc- cessors, to offer ; commanding them to do the same thing he had done at his last supper, in commemoration of him. And this is the oblation, or sacrifice of the Mass, which has been observed, performed, frequented by the faithful in all ages, attested by the general consent ot all antiquity, universal tradition, and the practice of the whole church— mentioned and allowed of by all the fathers, Greek and Latin, and never called in ques- tion till of late years ; being that pure offering which the prophet Malachi foretold should be offered among the Gentiles in everyplace, (Mai. i. 11.) as this textwas ever undejstood by the ancient fathers. V § 21. OF PURGATORY. « The Papist misi'epresented, believes, (conttarj^ to all reason, to the word of God, and to ail antiquity,) that, besides heaven and hell, there is a third ][)lace, which his church is pleased to call purgatory—a place intended purely for those of his communion, where they may easily have admittance after this life, without dan- ger of falling into hell ; for that, though hell was ;de- Siicricu iiloi ior vue puiiisui«c»i «& ciimttcj^v-'r ^.. „_.._..; since the blessed discovery of purgatory, liell may be easily skipped over, and an eternal damnation avoided, . 3.) and which is istituted ►ody and ad wine, )t only a nonaitive manner, ipon the listinctly es. This first and leir suc- mething jfratibn of he Mass, sdby the onseot of ractice of of by all in ques- ig which id among iextvjas jnttary to itiquity,) rd place, — aplace here they liout dan- was tle- 1 may be avoided, OF PURGATORY. 45 for an exchange of some short penalties, under- gone in this the Pope's prison/' The Papist truli/ represented, beh'eves it dam- nable to adroit of any thing for faith that is con- trary to reason, the word of God, and all antiqui- ty ; but that the existence of a third place, called purgatory, is so far from being contrary to all, or any of these, that it is attested, confirmed, and established by them all. It is expressly taught in the second Maccabees, c. xii., where money was sent to Jerusalem, that sacrtHce might be offered for the slain ; and it is recommended as a whole- some practice to pray for the dead, that they may be loosed from their sins. Now, these two books of Maccabees were certainly held in great venera- tion by all antiquity ; and, as St. Augustine in- *forms U8, L. X viii Pe Civ. Dei^ were then account- ed canonical by the church. There being always i third place, is plainly intimated by our Saviour, (Matt. xii. 32.) where he says, iVkosoever speaks against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, fi£ither in this world, nor in the world to come. By which words Christ evidently supposes, that though tiiese shall not, yet some sins are forgiven in the world to come ; which, since it cannot be in heaven, where no sin can cinter — nor in hell, where there is no remis- sion, it must necessarily be in some middle state ; and in this sense it vvas understood by St. Augustine, about 1300 years ago, Civ. Dei. I. 21. c. 13. and 04. 1, e.cont. Mian, c. 15. So, also, by St. Gregory the Great, X. 4. Dibl.c.39» In the same manner does St, Augustine understand these words of St. Paul, 1 Cor. iii. 16. He himself shaU be saved, yet so as by fire, where he considers him speaking of a purging fire, Aug. in Psal. 37. So the same father understands that prison, of which St. Peter speaks, 1 Pet. iii. .19., to some place of temporary chastisement, .^wg.Ej?. 99. Aud-if this great doctor of the church, in t/jose p^irer timtf?, found f Hi. 'U^'A I •i' 1 ii'd :1i 10 vi 46 OF PURCJATORV BO often in the Bible a place of pains after thw life, from whence there was release, how cawanf one say, without presumption, that the being of a third place is contrary to the word of God ? Nei- ther can the antiquity of this doctrine he more justly called in question, of which is found so early mention, not only in this holy father, but in divc^rs others, his predecessors, who came npt long after the apostles, and were the best wit- nesses of this doctrine. See Acta SS, FerpeLet Felicit mentioned and approved by St. Augustkre, l,lde Anima, et ejus Orig, c. 10. /. 3. c, 9. et t, 4. tf» 18. Tertullian, L de Cor. Mil, c.3. et I. deMonogamia^ S' Cfprian^Ep. 66. ad Clcr,ArnobiuSjL 4. contra Gen^ &c. !&c. As to the reasonableness of this tenet> hid rSisbn convinces him : 1. that every sin, how slight soever, though no more than an idle word, as an offence to God, deserves punishment, and will be punished by him hereafter, if not previous* ly cancelled, by repentance, here. 2. That such small sins do not deserve eternal punishment. 3, That few depart this life so pure, as to be totally exempt from spots of this nature, and from every Lindof debt due to God's justice. 4. Therefore, that few will escape without sufferhng something from his justice, for such debts as they may have^ carried with them out ofthis vvorW, according to that rule of divine justice by which he treats everjr soul hereafter, according to his works, and ac- cording to the state in which he finds them in ckath. Thus, his reason convinces him,, ibait there must be some third place y for, since the in- finite goodness of God can admit no one in he»* ven th'at is not clean and pure from atl sin», both great arid small— and his infinite jttstic^ can piei^^ mitnone to receive the reward of bits?, who a j OF I>RAYINO fW AN' UNk'NOWN^ TONGUE. 47 yet are not out of debt, but have something, i'' ^\istirei to suffer ; there must, of necessity,' be some place, or state, vi^here souls departing thi& h'te, pardoned, as to the eternal guilt* oF-palOf yet liable to some temporal penalty, or with the guilt pt some venial faults, are purged and purified be- fore their admittance into heaven. This is what he is taught concerning purgatory ; which, through he knowji not where it is, nor of what nature the pains are, nor how long each soul is detained there^ yet he beh'eves that those who are in this place, being the living oienrbers of Jesus Christ, ^re relieved by tlie prayers of their felFow meiD« berson earth, as also by the alms and masses of- fered up to God for their souls. And as for such »8 have no relations or frjends to pray for them, pr to give alnis, OF prociire masses for their relief, they are not neglected by the church, which makes a general comroemoratfon of all the faiths Ful departed in every mass, and in every one of (he caponical hqurs of the divine ofljce. §22. OF PRAYING IN AN UNKNOWN TONGUK :^' The Papist misj^present^d^ is counselled by his church to be present at sermons, but never permtHed to hear any he is able to uhderstand, they bejng p|l delivered in an unknown tongue, ^e is taught to pray, but it must be in Latin, He is commanded to a8$i:^t at the church service and to hear mass, but it must be without underittand-: jng a word, it being all performed in a language of which he is altogether ignorant. And thus he js ipiserably deprived of all the co'^fortable be? ncHtg of ChriBiianity, hearing, but without under- standing ; praying, but without reaping any fruit assisMog at a^iy public assemblies, but jjke a stock i' ■'*:: 4S CF PRAYING IN AN UNKNOWN TO.NGUE. or Stone, without feeling, or the least sense of de- votion." The Papist iraly represented, is counselled by his church to he present at sermons, such as he is able to understand, they being always delivered in the vulgar language of every country:— in France, French; in Spain, Spanish ; in Italy, Ita- lian ; and in England, English : they being purely intended for the good instruction of the congrega- tion present. He is taught to pray, and is alwavs provided with such books of devotion as h^ is capable of understanding, every nation being well furnished with such helps extant in the language proper to the country. He is commanded to as- sist at tha church service, ami to hear mass ; — and in this he is instructed, not so much to un- derstand the words, as to know what is done. For the mass being a sacrifice wherein is daily com- memorated the death and passion of Christ, by an oblation made by the priest, of the body and blood of the immaculate Lamb, under the sym- bols of bread and wine, according to his own m- stitution ; it is not so much the business of the congregation present to employ their ears in at- tending to the words, as their hearts in coiuem- plation of the divine mysteries, by raising up fer- vent affection* of lo¥e, thanksgiving, sorrow for sins, resolutions of amendment, &c.— that thus •having their hearts and intention united with the priest's, they may be partakers of his prayers, and the sacrifice he is then offering, than which he believes nothing more acceptable to God, or be- neficial to true believers. And for the raising ot these affections in his soul, and filling his iseert with love and devotion, he tbinki in this 4a8e LfE. of de- led by as he liyercd jT ; — in ly, Ita- purely igrega- alwavs • h^ is r.g well nguage I to as- ia8s ; — to un- le. For y com- , by an dy and e sym- >wn in- of the s in at- jontem- up fer- Tow for at thus vith the ers, and htch he I, or be- lising of ■ .-^ I % «?ft^*-**^ hiH 4*a$e or PRATING IN AN UNKNOWN TONOTK. 49 there is little need of words ; a true iuith, without thej^e, is all-sufficient. Who could Ynd have burst forth into tear« of love and thank^j^tving, if he had been present when our Saviour wa^ tied to the pillar, scourged, and tornDented, though h^ open- ed not his mouth to the bye-standcrs, nor spok^ a word ? Who would have needed a sermon, to have been filled with grief and compassion, if he had seen his Saviour exposed to the scorn of the Jews, when he was made a bloody spectacle by Pilate, with an ' Ecc- Homo,' Behohl the Man ! Who could have stood cold and sen^seless under the cross upon Mount Calvary, when lifs Redeent^ er was hanging on h, though he had not heard, or understood a word that he spoke ? Does any one think, that those haly wnmen who followed our Lord in these sad pas8ages,and were wkness- es of his sufferings, wanted holy affections in their souls because he spoke not 1 Were they scan- dalized at his silence ? Was not their faith in him that suffered, by which they believed him to be Christ Jesus, true God and man, laying down his life for the redemption of man, sufRdent to excite in their souls all the passions due from a sinful ereaiure to his bleeding Redeemer, hh crucified Jesus? The like faith is also suflRcient to fill him with devotion, when he is present at the holy sacrifice of the Mass; for believing that Christ Is there really present before him, under the species of bread and wine, and that he who lies upon the altar, is the Lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world, what need of more to quicken- in his soul all the affections of a devout and not break forth into love and thanksgiving T II 1 1 1 ■f 1^ i,»!il 50 OF PRAYING IN AN tfNltNavVN TONGUe. Can h^ see him wht> gives sight to the blir>di health to the sick, and life to thfe dead, ahd yet stand stilij senseless) and unmoved, without put- ting up atiy petition to him, without askmg any tbittg for his blind, sicki and sinful soul ? Ca« he believe that he who gives his life for the Wdtld, and died for our sins, is there before him, and Ijot to be touched Mrith sorrow attd contrition for his offences? Can he see evefy doleful passage of his SaViour*8 sufferings commemorated in the .sef veral mvsteries of the Mac*s, and yet not be filled with grief and compassion ? Is dot JesUs Wel- come to a devout soul* although he com^ in si- lence T Is not the presence oC ChHst a more m^ cible motive to a Christian than any human woijds could be ? And if be must needs hii ve wordSi Jlst him behold li^ith the eye of faiths the gapi«g wounds of his Redeemer, and see If they speak nothing to his soul. If they do nqt^ it is because he wants faith. It nothing, therefot-e, coticerrts his devotion that the Mass is said in Latin 1 If the church has ordered thus, to preserve Unity, as m faith, so In the external worship of God t and to prevent the alterations and changes which it would be exposed to if in the vulgar language, and. for other good reasons, what is that to him ? He should receive but little ad vaniage if it were In his mother tongue. For, besides that the great- er part of it is said in so low a voice that it is not possible he should hear it, the words do not be* long to him, but to the priest's office only ; his obligation is, to accompany the priest in prayer »»^ m^'t^lt tn ho n 4mnl nif^l-f^r With him* tO COH' teioplafce the mysteries there represented, and to excite in his soul devotions according to the ex- folipdi hd yH itpat- fg any [lailbe Wdtid, ndiiot for his sage of the $ef e filled \i$ ^el - ; in si- ne >td$i bt gaping y speak t)ecause oticernis 1 if the y, as irt t and to (^hich it Dgi»age< ,0 hiai ? it wei'e le gfeat'' it is not not be"" nly ; bi* ti prayer , 1,0 UOO" L, and to the ex- 0$ TU£ SJSCOMD COM^Af«t> M£K7. 51 i^Qcy of every parage ; acoirding l^ tb^ difec* tiop9 he finds m bis English {Mrayer-booksi of wlii^ Inhere is a grent variety e^tafU^ set forth for Ijh^ b^p of the ignorant ; by Which they arcf tiipgbl the meaning of every part and ceremony of the Mass^ and how to apply their devotions 9c- qordingly. And if at any time be be present at other public devotions which are performed in, I^ltin^ or should say any private prayers^ or nng a hymn in the same language^ which he under-* stapda not ; yet is he taught that this can be done with great benefit to his soul, and the acceptance of Qpd> if on these occasions he does but endeH' y^mr to mi^e his thoughts to heaven, and to iix his biei^ upon his Maker ; far that God does not rj^pect the language of the lips^ but of the hearty 4o)^ 90^ attend to the inotion of the tongue* but Qf lite mind $ and i^ these be but directed to him in th^9j|iv|ng) in praisiiu;, or petitioning i inhumi- Ij^tion* In contrition, and such like acts as circum- flit^nces require, he need not doubt that God ac- cents bis prayers and devotions, it being an un- demnble things that to say prayers welfand de- voutlyf it ip not necessary to have attention on the words, or on the sense of the prayersi but ra* ther purely on God-^of these three attentions, this last being approved by all, as of greatest per- fection and most pleasing to God. And this he C9^ have, whether he understands the words or not, it being very usual and ensy for a petitioner tQ accompany hfs petition, with an earnest desire of obtaining his suj^ though the language in which it is worded be unknown to him< § as, OP fUE 9eC0N0 CQMMANDMENT* *^Tt^v^ Pnplst mistf presented^ is kept In igno- il 1 ff ^ ON THJ3 SECOND CO.M.MANDMENT rlSii^^tto the'ifeiefitial part of his duty towafi'df God, ^erer being permitted to know the coiiii^^ mandmenfts b«t by halves ; for in the books deli-^ ver«dt^him fdr bis instruction, such as^ cat^eM cbisms knd manuals, the second crimrtiandttieiJf is wholly left out, and lie by this means-is tduglit to fall into all Sorts of superstitions worship, and' doWhHght idolatry." ^ ' '^''^^'^''^^ The Papfst irufi/ represented, is instructied i1^^ his whole duty towards God, and most especially in the 'ten commandments. He is tawght to lin^ derstand them all and every one ; that thiere is aii obligation of observing them under pain ^-^t^ rial damnation ; and that whosoever breaMMnj; one of them, looses the favour of God, and^ %§^ tainly hazards th^ loss of his soul as if he' pm||&^ them all. And though in some short c^#C^hI$to*' in which the whole Christian doctrinfe is deliv^fed^ in the most compendious and easy methbd in cjo^ftf-^ descension to weak memories, and low capaci^ ties, the second commandment, as it is reckoned by some, be omitted ; yet it is to be seen at lengtn in other catechisms, manuals, and doctrinal bobk¥, to be met with every where in great plenty. And if any one should chance not to see any of these, yet would he be out of all danger of falling into any superstitious worship or idolatry ; for that having read the first commandment, Thou shaU have no other gods before me, he is taught by this* that he is commanded to serve, love, adore, an J worship ope only, true, living, and eternal God, and no more ; that it is forbidden him to worship any creature for a god, or to give it the hoDOur due to God ; and that whosoever worships any idoU image, picture, or any graven thii^, whatso- dmeilf tfedi ecia to un- e IS aii >f ete^- in •^ ::koneA lengttii^ bobk#^ r. . And f these, ng into >r that m shalt >y thisa e, and il God, irorship honour ips any vhatso- OF MENTAI. RESKRVATJONS. ',$3 ever the object be, whether in heaven above, in tb^ ^arth bep^ath, or in the waters under the earth, fc>r«God, breaks the cammandment) by com- muting idolatry, and stands guilty oC an inexcus- nJ^le und niQst damnable sin. Now, having been laught that this is the intent of the first precept l>f the decalogue, he thinks there can be but little danger of his becoming superstitious in his wor- ship, or an idplator* for want of the Second ; there lieipg nothing in this but what he is fully and ^xpi^sly Instructed in, by having learned the jBir^it; it being rather an explication of this, than any new and distinct precept ; and, tar this res^- ^QTiy he find$ them in his books put together as pnj?, or rather, as the first commandment, with its ^jipjication, hy which means it comes about that there are only three in the first table, teaching Jfiini^jii^ duty taw'ards God ; and seven in the lat- ter, cpnperning his duty to his neig^hbour, which ijsibe division assigned by St. Augustine. And though St. Jerome observes not this method, but fjiyicles then^ into four and six ; yet, there being na liirection in scripture concerning the number qJC,the comuijandments to be assigned to each ta- ble— rnor to let us know which is the first, v^hich the second, which the third commandment, or which the last commandment; he is taught that it \s but an unnecessary trouble to concern hiniself about the number or division of them, when, his i^hole business ought to be, the observance of them in his life and conversation. - rm-fi; §24. OF MENTAL REbERVATION. ill ^^^W^^iE Papist misrepresented^ is taught to keep ^ (, ''M OF MENTAI. RF.SERVATIOIf. ''■;i Sit '^' ill 'i tfo felth i^ith any tbsit are reputed heretics by hit x^bureh ; and that whatever promise he has madCy thdi^ ever so positive and firm, with this aMt of peepe^ be wiay lawfully break ; and cheat atd cdsften them without any scruple ; and thought ttiiist not do ihis by downright lying, and teltifil; uhthrehs, for this would be a sin, yet he rtitfjr n^ake use of any indirect way s-^such as dis^tlltii^ iMidns^ equivocations, and mental resefvatldti^, and by these means draw them liito his sMTM; and this, without fear of offending God> wfto i^ weH pleased ^ :.v timeor healtli against. the last hour, and by na means to rely upon a death-^bed repentance; forthafc men (generally speaking) as they live, so they die i n n p.' 56 OF FASTING. r ii and it is to be feared greatly, that those who ne- glect God Almighty, and forsake him all their life-time, will never find liim at then* death ; sof that (with St. Augustine) he doubta the salvatiori^ of as tnany asdefer their conversion till that hourjr| However, if anv are found who have been so ne- glectful of their duty, as to put off this great bCi- siness of eternity to the last moment, he is taught^ that in charity, they ought to have all assistance possible to put them in mind of their condition^ to excite them to a detestation of all their of- fences, to let them know that although tfvey de- serve hell fire, in punishment for their wickedness,, yet they ought by no means to despair, for that God is merciful ; and who knows, but if they heartily call upon him, and endeavour by sincere repentance, with an humble confidence in the me- rits and passion of Jesus Christ, he may hear their prayers, shew them merG}vand give them time to repeat* These are all the promises that caw be given in this point, and this is what he sees daily practised ; and if some, by these means, are pre^ served from falling into despair, it is well; bat, aa for any receiving from hence encouragement of coming Hito the like circumstances, he thinks there is little danger, especially since there is no- thing so oftea repeated in book's— no more com- mon subjects for sermons, than the displaying the manifold peril of delaying one's conversion,, and putting off repentance till the last hour. . § 26. OF FA&TING. ♦* The Papist misrepresented, is contented with t\xr>. AWnaarnnnA nf HAvntion: and. not lookinsT be- yond the name of mortification, he ails down welt gatiWfied with the shadow, without ever taking TO ne- theiV h ; scf vationi t houre SO ne- !at bd- aught^ stance iJftion^ reir of- ley de- ?dnes»^ 'or that if they siri%erfc he me- ir their time to carY be ds daily ire pre- bat, as ment of ) thinks e is no-^ re corn- icing the on,' and ked with kincr be- nvn welt r taking OF FASTING. 5-7 care oftlie substance And thuQ, being a grent pretender to fasting, and the denial of himself, I?e thinks he has sufficiently complied with his cluiy in this point, and made good his claim,:ifhe has but abstained from flesh ; and though, at the san^e time, he regales himself at once wiih all variety ofihe choicest fish ; and stuffs himself with iJie best conserves and most delicate junkets, and drinks all day the pleasantest wines, and other li- quors; yet, he persuades himself that he is ^ truly mortified man, and that he has don^ a work of great force, in order to the suppressing his corrupt inclinations, and satisfying for the offences of his past life. Nay, he has sych a preposterous con- ceit of things, that he believes it is a greater sin to eat the least bit of fle&h on a fasting day, than to be downright drunk, or to commit any other excess, as having less scruple of breaking the commandments of God, than of violating any oi:r dinanceof the Pope, or any law of his church." The Papist iruli/ represtnUd, is taught by his church, that the appearance of devotion, the name of mortification j and pretence to ir, are only vairt mid fruitless things, if they are not accompanied with the substance; and that it is-but a very lame compliance with the ecclesiastical precept of fast^ ing, to abstain from flesh, unless all other excesse^^ are at the same time carefully avoided. It is true^' his church has not forbidden on these days the drinking of wine, but permits a moderate use oft it, as at other times ; but is so far from giving bVj berty to any of her flock, of conjmitiing excesses, th^t she declares dronkenness and all gluttony whatsoever, to be more heinous and scandalous sins on such days than on any other ; they being I % .^8 QF FA3TIN'Q« iiil, M '; expresslv contrary, not only to the law of Co this as ^ most damning sin, and yet at the sam^ time have but little scruple of swearing, cursing, lying, or revelling the greatest part of the day, which is not because tftey have more lib^erty for these than the former, th^y being all most wickec^ offences ; but, because they \yhp act thus are but Christians by halves, who with ^ kind of pharisai- cal an4 partial obedience, seem to bear some of the commandments most zealously in their hearts, whilst they trample others under theiif feet ; sc^up- h'ng mai^y times at a pnote, and on other occasions passing by a beam undjsctrned : for which their church is not to be accoi^n table, but they them- selves, as being guilty of a wilful blindness, and a most unchristian negligence. This is the real case of such x)f his communion, who, (xn d^ys of humiKation, whilst they abstain frqm flesh, yet give scandal by intemperance. They have a com- mand of Gcd, by which they are obliged on b]\ days to live; soberly, and to avoid all gluttbny antj 4ruokennes;8 ; and on fasting days, besid^^this command of God, they have a qhurch precept, by which they are bound, if able, to_ eat but one. meal in a day, and that not of flesf), And now^ if gqipa are so ignorant an^ careless as to be $pru-? of Co^, h'wh ap- bauche- :riiple oP uing the e can be munion» oingany ;he samei cursing, the day, ]|erty for t wicke^ s are but pharisai- some of \r hearts, t ; scrup- >ce^sion8 iph their ey them- lesSy and the real 1 d^ys of le8h» yet e a corn- ed on aH tony antl jid^^ this ?cept, by hut one. Lnd now^ \ be $pru- OF DIVISIONS AWD SCHISMS IN THE CHUaCH. 69 pulously observant of one of these commands, and wholly negh'gent of the other, it is not because their religion teaches them to do so, (which de- tests and condemns all such scandalous partialfty, and complying with their duty by halves,) but be- cause they shut their ears to all good instruction, and choose rather to follow their own corrupt ap- petites, than the wholesome doctrine of their church. § 27. OF DIVISIONS AND SCHISMS IN THE CHURCH " The Faphimisrepresentedy is of a religion in which there is as n^any schisms as families ; and they are so divided in their opinions, that com- monly, as many as nieet in company, so many different tenets are maintained. Hence arise their infinite and endless disputes, and the dis- agreement of their divines, who pretend to give a true and solid explication of the mysteries of the Christian faith, and yet differ in many points they write of. Besides, what variety of judgments are there in their religious houses and cloisters, no one agreeing with another in their foundation, institution, and profession— this being of the reli- gion of St. Dominic, that of St. Francis, a third of St. Bernard, another of St. Benedict, and so on without number, so that there are as many reli- gions as orders. And yet they pretend to Chris- tian unity, amidst this diversity growing*npon them everyday." The Papist iruli/ represented, is of a religion in which there are no schisms or separations, all the members of it. however snrpAd thronorhmif tlio world, agreeing like one man in every article of their faith, by an equal submission to the deter- mination of their church ; and no one of them^ m 0^ or DmtlOVf iHB tCSIXSMS XX TBni GHVRCB. Ihoqgh most learned apd wise, ever followed any other rule of their f^i^h besides this, of assenting ^to all that the church of God, planted by Christ, and assisted and protected by the Holy Ghost, proposes to the faithful, to be believed as the doc- trine of the apostles, and received as ai^ch in aU iRges ! that is, all unanimously helieve as the <;hurcVi of God believes. No one of his commu- nion ever doubting of this, or scrupling to receive any thing after his church's declaration. Andj now, though they all thus conspire in ewry point pf faitli, yet there is a great diversity among school- men in their divinity points, and opinions of such matters as are no articles qf faith ; and which, ne-: v^r being defined by their church, may be main-, tained severally, either this, or that way, without Uny bleach of faith, or injury to theiv religion ; and of these things only ^hey dispute, and hav^ their debates in manner of a school-exercise, with - out any disagreement at all in their belief, but with a perfect unity. The lil^e unity is there amongst their religious orders, all of which say the same creed, own the same authority in the church of Christ, and in every thiug profess the $ame faith, and have no other difference than as it were of so many steps or degrees in the prac- tice of a devout and holy life; some being ot> more severe and strict discipline, others of a more gentle and moderate ; some spending more time in praying, others more in watching, others more in fasting ? son^e being intended for the catechis- ing and breeding up of youth ; others for taking care of hospitals, and looking after the sick ; others for going among infidels, and preaching to thenj thegospel of Christ, and for such like pious and Christian designs, to the greater glory and honour ICB. ed any lenting Christy Gho8t« le doc- I in aU as the •eceive Andi Y point school- >f such ch, ne- main- vithout ligion ; id have 5, with - ief, but I there ich say in the fess the than as e prac- ing of f^ a more i^e time rs more atechis- taking ; others ^0 them ous and honour pV FRIARS AND HUN9. CI of God. Which differences, make no other dif-* ference in the several professions than there vvaa between IVIary and Martha, who expressed their love and service to their Lord in a very different employ, but both commendably, and without any danger of prejudicing the unity of their faith. § 28. OP FRIARS AND NUNS. " The Papist misrepresented, is taught to hate a high esteem for those of his own communion, who cloistering themselves up, become Friars and Nuns, a sort of people who call themselves reU" gious, and are nothing but religious cheat ; un* der the cloak of piety, and pretence of devotion, deceiving the world, and living to the height of wickedness, under the notion of saints.*' The Papist truly representedy is taught to have a high esteem for those of his communion, who undertake that sort of life ; which, according to Christ's own dSifections, and his apostles, is point- ed qut as the bestrr-a soft of people who endea- vour to perform all that God has commanded, and ^Iso, what he has confessed as the better part, in order to more perfection. They hear Christ de- claring the danger of riches, they therefore em- brace a voluntary poverty, and lay aside all titles to wealth and possessions. St, Paul preaches, that he who giveth not his virgin in marriage, doth better than he who does \ and that she that is unmarried, cares for the things of the Lord, how she may be holy both in body and spirit ; they therefore choose a single state, consecrating their virginity to God, that so they may be wholly in- _ 1-?. 1 ;t.ui iiUV* _1 ^^ pii;iiaC icui Oil iii9 DctVice) anu ijaretiii ijuv* iu him : — while she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her hus- lU 62 CP FRIARS AlfD NUNS. band, (1 Cor. vii, 32, 33, 34. 39,) The gospel pro- claims, that those who will follow Christ inwst deny themselves : they therefore renounce their own wills, aad without respect to their own pro* per inclinptions, pass their life in perpetual obe? dience. And because the world is so corrupt, that to a pious soul every business is a distrac- tion, every diversion a temptation, and more fre- quent the provocations to evil, than examples to ^ood ; they tlierelore retire from it as much as possible, and confining thems-elves to a Httle 'cor- ner or cell, apply themselves wholly to devotion, making prayer their business, the service of God, their whole employ, and the salvation of their souls their only design. And now, if these re» tirements, where every thing is so ordered, as to be most advantageous for the promoting of virtue and devotion, and nothing permitted that is likely to prove a disturbance to godlines^ or allurement to evil, yet if some (for, God be praised, it is far from being the case of the generality,) live scan- dalously, and give ill example to the world, what can be said, but that iio state can secure any man, and that no such provision can be made in order to a holy life, but may be abused ? But yet he does not think that such abuses, and the vicious- ness of some, can be argument enough to any just and reasonable man, to condemn the whole, and the institution itself. Is not marriage abused in an infinite number of ways, and many forced to embrace this state, or at least to accept of such particular persons, contrary to their own choice and liking '{ Is there any state in this world, any condition, trade, calling, profession, degree/ or dignity whatsoever, whiqh is not abused bv some^ , ? . ttj ■ u .-*■'. OF WICKED PRlWCrpLES AND PRACTICES. 63 jl pro- must ? their n pro* il obe? )rrupt, istrac- re fre- ples to uch as le cor- votion, ►fGod, f their ese re* I, as to ' virtue i h'kely rement t is far : scan- l, what yman, I order yet he icious- to any whole, abused forced 9fsuch choice Id, any ree/oV soiKie? Are churches exempt from abuses ? Are not bi- bles and the word of God abused. Is not Chris- tianity itself abused, and even t!ie mercy of God abused ."^ if,therefbfe, there is nothing so sacred or divine in the whole world, which wicked and malicious men do not pervert to their ill designs, to the high dishonour of God, and their own danir nation, how can any one upon the mere coiisi* deration of some abuses, pass sentence of con- demnation against a thin:^ which otherwise ia good and holy ? It is an undeniable truth, that to embrace alife,e^enipt as much as can be, from the turmoils of the world ; and in a quiet retire- ment to dedicate one's self to the service of God, ^hd spend one*d days in prayer and contempla- tion, is a most commendable undertaking, and very becoming a Christiau. And yet, if some who enter upon such a course of life as this, fall short of what they pretend, and instead of be- coming eminent in virtue and godliness, by their exemplary lives, prove a scandal to their profes- sion-^is this rule and institution to be condemn- ed, or rather they who swerve from it ] No ; let not the dignity of an apostle suffer for the fall oP Judas, nor the commandments lie under an as- persion upon the account of those who break them. §29. OF WlOIiF.D PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICKS. " The Papist misrepresented, is a member of a church which is called holy, but in her doctrine and practices, so foul and abominable, that who- soever admires her for sanctity, and may upon the same grounds, do homage to vice itself. Has ever any society) sinc6 Christ's time, appeared sOi black and deformed with hellish crimes as she 1 '■T ■■■!• in ,ju i!:!i "Till 64 df WICKED PRINCIPLBt AMD^RACTXCBi/ Has she not outdone even the most barbarous nations, and infidels, with her impieties, and drawn a scandal upon the name of Christians, by her unparalleled vices ? Take but a view of the horrid practices she has been engaged in :— con* sider the French and Irish massacres; the mur- ders of Henry III. and IV., kings of France ; the Holy League ; Gunpowder treason ; the cruelty of Queen Mary ; the firing of London ; the death of Sir Edmunbury Gocjfrey ;— and an infinite number of such like devilish contrivances ; an4 then tell me, whether that church, which has been the author and promoter of such barbarous der signs, ought to be esteemed ho!y, and respected for piety and religion* or rather to be condemnec} for the mistress of iniquity, the whore of Baby'? Ion, which hath polluted the earth with her wicki. edness? and taught nothing but the doctrine of devib ? And let ever so many pretences be made, yet is ii, evident that all these execrable practices have been done according to the known princi. pies of this holy church ; and that her greatest patrons, the most learned of her divines, her most eminent bishops, her prelates, cardinals, andfeven the Popes themselves, have been the chief mana- gers of these hellish contrivances. And, what more convincing argument that they are all well proved, than that they are conformable to the rp- ligion taught by their church-** The Papist ti^y represmted^is hmemher of a church, which, according to the ninth article of the Apostles' Creed, he believes to be holy, and this is not only in name, but also in doctrine ; and, for witnesses of her sanctity, he appeals to her councils, catechisms, puK pits, and spiritual Wks of direction, in which the majn barout if and ins, by of the — con- e murr e ; the cruelty ) death infinite s; and IS beer) us de-r tpected emned Babj^ r wickif rine of ; made, act ices princi* ;reatest er most idfeven *roana- I, what all well the rp- church, Iposties' only in ;s of her ms, pul-? he main qi niCKXp PRINCIFLIIS AND PRACTICBS* 6^ flcsisjcn U, to imprint in th? hearts of the faithful, this compreh'-iisiye maxim of Christianity ; that they ought tp Jove God above alt things, with their whole heart and soul, and their neighbour a§ themselves ; and that none should flatter themselves \yith a confidence to bo saved by faith alone, without living soberly, justly, and piously, as it is taught in the Council pf Trent, Sess.6^ c. 11. So that he doubts not but that, as many as lirn according to the direction of his chi^rch, in observance of her dpctrine, live holily in the service and fear of God, and with an humble confidence in the merits and passion pf their Redeemer, may hope to be received af- ter this life into eternal bliss. But that all in commu-^ nion with tbis church do not live thus holily, apd in ^e fear of ppd^ he l^nows is too evident ; there being many,' in all places, wholly forgetful of their duty^ giving themselves up to vice, and g^ilty ot most horrid crimes. Arid, though he is not bound to believe all to be true that is charged upon them by their adyersariesi there being no narrative of any such devilish cpntri*^ yances and practices laid to them, wherein passion and fury haye iVot made great additions-— )y herein things, dubious^ are not improved into certainties, suspicion^ Into realities, fears and jealousies into substantial plots, and downright Ijes and recorded perjuries, into pulpit, nay, gospel truths ; yet he really thinks that there have been men of his profession, pf every rank^ and degree — learned and unlearned, high apd low;, secular and eccle- siastic, that have been scandalous in their lives, wicked in their designs, without the fear pfGodin their heartSj^ cr care of tl^eir own salvation/ Put )vhat then ? Is the whole church to be condemned for the yicioiis lives of some of her professors — and her dpctrine to stand guilty of as many villanies as those commit, who ne« gleet to fpUow |t ? If so, let the men of that society, judgment, or persuasion, who are not in the like cir^; pf passing sentence be once allowed, as just and rea- sonable, there neyer was, nor ever w|ll be^^ any reli- I 1'^ I .68 OF WICKED PRINCIPLB8 AND PRACTICES, gion or church of God upon earth. A confident under- taker would find no|dilficulty in proving this, especially if he had hut the gift of exaggerating; some things, mis- representing others, finding authors for every idle sto- ry, charging the extravagant opinions of every single writer upon "the religion they profess— raking together all the wickedness, cruelties, treacheries, plots, *ibnspi- racies, at any time committed, hy ambitious despera- does, jor wicked villains; and then positively asserting, that what these did, was according to the doctrine of jthat chureh of which they were members ; and that the tri|ie measures of the sanctity and goodness of the church in whose communion these men were, maybe justly taken from the behaviour of such offenders. But, cer- tainly, no man of reason or conscience can allow of such proceedings. No sober man would ever go to Newgate or Tyburn, to know what is the religion^professed in England, according to law j nor would'look into all the sinks, jakes, dunghills, and common sewers, about town— fro^ such a prospect, to give a true description pf the city. Why, therefore, should the character of the Church of Rome, and her doctrine, be taken only from the loose behaviour and wicked crimes of such, w^o are in communion with her, yet live not accord- ing to her direction ? She teaches holiness of life ; mercy to the poor ; loyalty and obedience to princes ; jand the necessity of keeping the commandnients ; wit- ness the many books of devotion and direction made English for public benefit, written originally by Papists, and great numbers there are, God be praised, who prac- tise this in their lives. And now, if there be many also, who stop their ears to good instruction, and follow the BUggestions of their own governed appetites, or pride, ambition, covetousness, &c. who lay aside all concern of salvation, and become so antichristian, both to God and their neighbour, that thev are a shame to their pro- fession ; why should the cnurch be ropresenied ac- c trine of I that the ic church )e justly 3utj cer- iV of such Newgate fessed m I into all irs, about ascription .racter of ken only of such, t accord- t of life ; princes ; its ; wit- on made / Papists, ;^ho prac- lan}'^ also, dIIow the or pride, I concern h to God their pro- ■iiXeu ac- ;her doc- lary live« Of WICKED PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICSti €7 of such as follow it? Let the character of the ^hu^ch he given accordino: to what she teacbos, and not ac* cording to the writings of every positive opinionator, or the practice of evety wicked liver, and there is no feaf of its coming out so ugly and deformed. Neither let any one pretend to demonstrate the faith and principleii of Papists by the works ot every divine in their com- munion, or by the actions of every bishop, cardinal, ot pope, which are not any rule of their faith. They own that many of their writers are too loose in their opin- ions 5 that all bishops and cardinals are not so edifying as becomes their state ; and that pbpes, also, may have their failings* But what then ? the actions of popes tonccrn not the faith of those who are in communion with them"; they may throw a scandal^ indeed, upon their t-eligion, but they can never alter its cfeed. But what need any other return to the numerous Clamours made daily against the wickednes of the Papists ? it is a sufficient vindication of their chief pastors and popes, to use the words of Lord Castlemainej in his Apology— that among two hrmdred and fifty, that have now suc- cessively borne the charge, there are not above ten or twelve, against whom their most malicious adversaries can find occasion of spitting their venom; and that a challenge may be made to the world, to shew but the first.part of so many successive governors, since the cre- ation, of which there have not been far more that haVe abused their power* And as for their flock, the people owing this authority, it is tnie that many wicked things have been done by some of them ; and too many, like libertinesi neglect the care of their fold ; but, ho^veVe^, the genera;lity of them live-like Christians ; few come to them, but, with their religion, they change alsro their manner for the better ; few desert them but such a^ seem to have fallen out with all Christianity ; and, whoever looks into any of our neighbouring popish towns, as Paris, Antwerp, Ghent, &c. will find in any nna f\f iharm mnro T^ravino". mftrf* fusfino". morft TGCeiV-* ing the sacraments, more visiting of prisoners and the t'f 3$ Qf miracles. fciick^ more alms-giving, than in any two towns of the Reformatioh. § 30. OF MIRACLES. 'i^Tati'Pa.T^isi misrepresented, is so given up to the belief of idle stories and ridiculous inventions, in favour bf saints, which he calls miracles, that nothing can he related, ever sO absurd or foolish, or almost impossible^ but it gains credit with him J and he is so credulously- confident of the truth of them, that there is no differ-^ ehce to him between these tales and what he reads in Scr!]pturei ' , 1*HE Papist truly represented^is nbt obliged to believe feny one miracle besides what is in the Scripture ; and For all others, he may give the credit which in prudence he thinks they deserve, considering the honesty of the relator, the authority of the witnesses, and such other circumstances) which, on the like occasions, used td gain his assent. And now if, upon the occount of mere history, and the consent of authors, none have any doubt but that there were such men aS CaEsarj Alexan- der, Mahomet, Luther^ &c. or of many particulars of their lives and actions^ why should he douV the truth of many miracles, which have, riot My the like con- sent of authors and history, but also have been attested by a great number of eye-witnesses, examitied by au- thority, and found upon record with all the formalities due to i^uch a process f St. AUgustine relates many miracles done iii his time ; so does Sti Jerome^and other fathers; and if they doubted nothing of them then, why Should he question the trtith of them now 1 tit finds, that iii the lime of the Old Law, God favoured many bf his servants by working miracles by their hands, and he thinks that (iod's hand is not shortened how ; that t}ie disciples of Christ are no less favourites of heaveil than those of Moses ; and that the new lavi^ maybe very well allowed to be as glorious, arid as partichlail^ that they that believed ill him 8 des than ever he himself had dc ctnna P.Kritt tirnmi«*pn greater mira- '3 (St. ms of the up to the in favour ig can be ripossible, edulously no differ** e reads in to believe ture ; and prudence sty of the uch other 5, used to it of mere have any •^ Alexan- ticulars of the truth like con- h attested jd by au- Pormalities ites many ^and othet then, why tie finds, ired many hands, and how; that of heaveil i^ may be artichlailj^ [t tirnmi«ipn " i ■" ■•; — jater mira- n xiv. 12.) or MIRACLES. 6d And what if some miracles recounted by authors are so VvonderfcUy strah^ti as to seem to some, ridiculous and absurd— are they less true, tipon this account ? Is not fevery thing ridiculotis to unbelievers? The whole doctrine of Christ is a scandal to the Jews, and a folly lo the Gentiles. And what more absurd, to oiie that wants faith, than the miracles recounted in the Old Tes- tament f Might not such a one turn them all into ri- dicule and buffoonery? Take but faith away, and what becomes of Balaam and his ass, Sampson and his jaw bone, Elias and his fiery chariot, Elisha's mantle, axe-^ head, and dead bones, Gideon^s pitchers, lamps, and trumpets, the fall of the walls of Jericho, Moses holding tip his hands for the victory over his enemies, his part-^ ing of the Red Sea^ and Joshua commanding the sun to Stand still, &c; Might not these^ and all the rest, be bointed out as ridiculous as any Supposed to be done rtiice Christ's time ? A little ihcrediility^ accompanied With a jiresiimptioh of measuring God's works by hu-« man Wisddm, tviil really make the greater part of them fass for fdllieS, and absurd impossibilities. And, though he is so far from giving equal assent to the miracles related in Scripture^ aiid the others wrought since^ that the former he believes \Vith a divine faith, and the rest With an inferidr kind of assent, according to the grounds br authority there is in favour of them, like as he does in profane history ; yet the strangeness of theSe never hiake him in the least doubt of the truth of them, since it is evident to him that all the works of heaven far sur- feass all his reasoning, and that while he endeavours but to look even into the very ordinary things daily wrought by God Altnighty, he quite ItiseS hirtiself, and is botind to confess his own ignorance arid folly j and that God i* wonderful in all his works— a God surpassing aH our] knowledge. Whatever, therefore, is related upon good l^otitK^s, as done by the extraordinary power of God, he? is ready to assent to it— although he sees neither tbd iiUWaUiU Wii ii I IVSl biiC V ■*^o Maker^i id whose omnipotent httnd^ poor man^s impossibilities art none, bute all to the honour r.nd praise %\ H. :i \ I ifi: 70 § Si. OlF HOLY WATER. *tat i^apisl misrepresented, highl^f approves thfi iu-* perstiUous use of Inajiy mahiinate things, and attribute* wonderful effects to such creatures, which are in a very irltepor rank, and able to do no such thiuM. Holy wa* ter is in great esteem with him, so are blessed candles,^ holy Oil, &c*, in all which he puts so much confidence,- that by the povvet of these he thinks himself secure froiri witchcraft, enchantment, and all the power of the de-^ vil.'' The Papist truly represented, utterly disapproves all sorts of su|)erstition, and yet is taught to have an es- teem for holy water, blesfied candles, and noly oil ; not tongues, and not ipermitting the poor misled people to look into or understand any thing tha| they believe or profess. And by this blindpets they are persuaded to embrace such infinite pumber pf groK| erroi-s,tbat were but the veil taken from thejr eyes but for one half hpur, and they but permitted tp halve pne fair prospect of their religion, thousands and thousandi V^pufd daily desert her, znd cpma pver to the truth," The Papist truly representedf has all the liberty, enr coi^ragemeut, and conyeniepce of beconr.ing learned, of any people or persuasipn yrhatsoever. And none that has eyer' looked ove^any library, bi^t has fpund that the greatest number and chpicest books of all sciences have had x^exi of his communion for their authors ; none, who in his travels has taken a thorough view of, the universities in Popish countries) pf Paris, Louvain, 3alamanca, Bologna, &c», (and cpn^idered their labo-, riotis studies in philosophy, djvinity, history, the fa- thers, councils, scriptures, &c.rrrand, besides the stu- dents here, has seen how many thpujands there we la jreiigious houses, who, free ftom the ^istpiTBance^ of the world, make virtue and learnii^g the business of their M^hole life, will ever |ajr ignprance to the chprg^ pf the MfClS« r ihem- ;ation of iessings^ ' nature^ es theso leir ewn fits may pre par-? res. KANCC. in ignq-* f by his to hide , her lotrf perform- the poor ling thai itu they r pf groKi eyes but lave pne bousandi ruth," erty, en-r arned, of one that And that sciences authors ; I yiew of Louvain, eir labo-. , the fa- the stu- re are In of their gp pf the Of breeding up proplk in ignorakce. '73 Papists,) bat must injustice confess, tlio* amoni^^t them are to be found as many and as good jjcholars as amonii^st any people or society in the world. And as for the vulgar or common sort of that profession, tiiough tht-y understand not Latin, yet they are not trained up- in ignorance of their religion, nor led along in blindness ; hut are so well provided with books of instruction aiui devotion, in their own mother tongue, wherein is ex- plained the whole duty of a Christian, every mystery of their faith, and all the offices and ceremonies per- formed in the church, that they must be very negligent^ or else have very megin parts, who do not arrive at ii Miflicient knowledge of their obligation in every respects And whoever has seeii the great pains and care somw good men take abroad in explaining on Sundays and holy days in their churches, and on week-dayf: in other places, the Christian doctiineto the crowds of the igno- rant and poorer sort of people ; not omitting to reward such as answer well, with some small gifts, to encou-i rao-e youth^ and provoke them to commendable emula- tion, will never say that the Papists keep the poor peo- ple in ignorance, and hide from them their religion ; but rather that they use all means for instructing the ig- norant, and omit nothing that can any way conduce to the breeUnj? up of yoiith in the knowIi>dge of their faith, and letting them see into the religion they are to profess. Neither doe« it seem to him even so much as probable, that if the church offices and servir.(^s, &c., were performed in the vulgar tongue, that upon this the now ignoi-ant people would immediately (iiscovef so many idle superstitions, senseless devotions, and gross errors, that they would in great numbers, upon the sight, becomie deserters of that corrmunion of which they are now professed members. For since there is nothing done but in a language which the h^arned, judicious, and leading men of all nations every where understand, and yet these see nothing • to fright them from their faith; but, notwithstanding seeing all through and through, they yet admire all for solid, holy, and apostolical, and remain steadfast in their profession— I; ; :' ■ 5 M 7i or TfCB UNCII\RrrABLKN^Ei» OT TUB PAPlSm t 11 how canjt be i-naGjlne (1 that tho viihrar, weak, and un- leistand all as well as they. learned SfH, di.l th-y U'u _ i . i ,u " find any snch f'lTor^, and superstitions, which these otli-is, with all their learning and judi^ment,- cannot discover 1 No,— he think?! th^r^ is no reason to fear that what passes the test 'i-TAm^- the wise and leailiedy ran be well called in qnesvtioii by the multitude.- §33. OF Tuy unch^ritablkness of the PAPISTS. «Tme Papist misrepresented^ ifftau'rht hy bis churchy to be verv unchaiitahle. mid to'd;t.nn ail that are not of hispersiiasion,~so Hun let persons be ever so just in their dpaliiii;!., ever so chaviiahh' to the poor, ever so con^mt in thr^ir devotion-s-t^^^^i^i' they coutess Jesus Christ, and bi^lievs bi^iin'^arDation, passion, resurrecttoiv andascr-nsion; vet if ihsy are not in the communion of bis chinch, oi- if th-y disbeli.vp any one article de- clared by any of his u-neral councils, he marks them . out as schr«mati"S -and heretics, and sends them to hell wit'iiout mercy." The Papist trulij repre$enieil is taught by his church tf> have an universal charity for all mankind ; to wish Avell to all, to pvav for all, to exercise both the corporal and spiritual works of m^rcy, according to his ability,, to all of what p^^rsu-ision so^-vei;., But then, charity and truth, are not to he separated ; and it would be a false charity to promise heaven to any ot tliose whom the word of God condemns to helL Hence he thinks it no part of the duty of charity to judge favourably of the salvation of any of thosa who die in mortal sin unre- pented oC, for such a judgment as thi^ would do them no service, and woitld hnrttimself. ^ow if we believe Dlain scripture, and the universal tradition of the fa- thers, and all antiquity,— heresy and schisms are mor- tal sins: and therefore in saying that heretics and schis- _.-x:^„ L.. «n* nf fhp state of salvation. his judgment is- not uncharitable, because he advances nothing but a acriptute truth. St. Paul in plab terms decluret the OF xrii u and Un- as they,, ;h these ,. cannot n to fear leailiedy ^ . OF THE is church are not of so just in , evt'i' so- :ess Jesus urrection, im muni on Liticle de- irks them jm to hell lis church ; to wish e corporal kis abilityy a, charity vould be a lose whom e thinks it ibly of the sin unre- d do them we beUeve of the fa- s are mor~ ', and schis- udgment is- thing but a teclures the JfCH4lUTABI-f.St!^g« €F TH S I'ApJSTS. rGal. V. ^0, 21.) wliero he rcckms sect.s «nc V .. • -• ..i.l.i, I... Tvr /iiinimr P« jfSics amoiJii; those ^i us k; 75 \\'vjU lie pioMomitei llwt iho„ ikat do mck thinu;s ^hml nui mU.ni Ihe Icin^doinoJ •God, Tsur is he unchanl ..Ic m tlunkin- those i:ui.iv of hc^resy, who olMmauUj i.^iuse to Ociicve a^y p^.it ui the ('ivine revelation 5 or those -uilty oi schisu., who wilfully sepan.le then.soWes irom the ton.nriunion of the church, and refuse a duo sulK)rdinution to its pas o.s, since scripture and all aiuiquity -ive no othei dehm- tion of heresy and schism. . ,, «t •. u In what then are Papists uncharitable ? Is it because ihev Charlie all with heresy and schism that are not lu their communio.i?. ^0 : lor they except all ihos« whose bi'in^- out of their communion is owing, not lo any obstinacy, card ^sness, woildly interest, or human respect, -\mi purely to thtir bemg deprived of l^he means of knowiu-the truth, which they would gladly embrace if they knew it ; lor such as these in the de- sire and disposition of their souls are m the church, and therefore are neither heretics nor. schismatacs. Or are they uncharitable in restraining the whole church of €hrist to one communion, and beheving ttiat to be hw own ? No : for nothing is more evident in scripture ; ttOthins is more unanimously received by alLantiquity as a hist principle in our religion, than that the chiircli of Christ can be but one : one fold, under one shepherd, one body, one spouse, one house, oae city, one king- ^ dom, and consequently one society, united m one faith, and in one communion, at first established by Christ and his blessed apostles, and descen<}ing by an uninterrupted succession from them ; ever one, holy, cathohc, and apostolical ; and that the wilful breaking off trom this ^fi-inal communion is the crime of schism, as the de- parting from its fh.th is the crime of heresy, bo tha^ it is evident that many sects, disagreeing in iaith, and divided in communion, cannot compose the one, holy, catiiolic, and apostolical .hurch of Christ; and there- fore it cannot be uncharitable to maintain that the who^e church is but one in communion. And as aii tue i^^^i^ of the church agree to no other caommumon b»t hiB,^! I 1 * I h ^t OF rSNOVATIONS Ilf MATTT^US OF FAITH. cannot be uncharitaMo in Ihf Papist to believe that his church is th«' tiuo chinch ol Cl.rlst, iind upon ihis conr viction to invit'; all t<> her 'coinmuiiion. Vor she alonw has an nninUnriipted suocrssion of ht-r })a5t()is from th.^ aposlh'S ofChri-i. She aloa(i hA<^ aUv-jys bocii one, by her meinbeis professing ont! faitii, in oin> (piimiumon, under one chief pastor, succefMhnc-- St. Peter, to whom Christ com'rittf'M the char:!;e of his whole flock, (St. John xxi. 15, &^.) .ml the keys of h(^aven, (St. Matt, xvi. 19.) Sht' alone ha^^ beeji always holy, teachin*? all holiness, hv invitinL': all to holiness, bv affording all helps and iri/\irufi/\n *? Tha ff.'iintyW f^lA nnfhin of novelty to the an- cient faith. In order to this, I intended, in this place, to have given the reader a fair prospect of the doc- trine and belief of the fathers, of the first five hun- dred years after Christ ; but, finding the matter to increase 80 much beyond expectation upon my hand , I have reserved them for another occa- sion.* But, upon confidence of what I am able to produce on Vnt day. profess ty, it ii 'ho can vas the I fourth lat was nturiea, ne ihey I of the fathers, I we do •e chal- "" r — 07 iNKoVATlorf II* MAtTKUS OF PAITK '85 tors of the church, or any writers then livinjr, or lucccedintr them, but received always with great veneration ; and upon what groun^' can any one chjillenge them now ? Is it possible that any one now living can give a better account of what was believed aful practised in the third age than they that immediately followed it ? Which will be the more credible witnesses of what was done in thirty-four — those that shall be alive fifty years hence, or they who are not to come these thou- ,sand years? If, therefore, these holy men declare to us the doctrme they believed, with an assu- rance that it was the faith of the Catholic church, s!o believed by their ancestors, and as they had received it from the Apostles' and their succes- sors ; do not they deserve better credit than others, who, coming a thousand years after, cry out against all tliese several points, that they are nothing but novelty and error ? It is evident, therefore, that this noise of noveUy was nothing but a stratagem for the introducing of novelties ; and those who brought infamy upon those points, by this aspersion, might with as e:reat applause, and as easily, have laid a se^hdal upon every other article of the Christian faith, which they have thought fit to retain, and have had them all exploded for novelty ; and this has been so far done already? that even three parts of their doc- trine, picked out by the first reformers for apos- tolical, and conformable to the word of God, we have seen in our days, clamoured against for no- velty, and thrown by with a general approbation, and as clear an evidence of the charge as ever they laid to transubstantiation and the supre- ii lii I ii ; I THE CONCLUSION. i'HESE are the characters of a Papist as he is misrepresented, and as represented ; and, as dif- ferent as the one is from the other, so different is the Papist, as reputed by his mah'gners, from the l^apist as he is himself. The one is so absurd and monstrous, that it is impossible for any one to be of that profession without first laying by all thoughts of Christianity, and his reason too. The «.ither is just contradictory to tins, and, without, any further apology, mav be exposed to the pe- rusal of all prudent and dispassionate considerers; to examine if there be any thing in it that de- serves the hatred of any Cliristian, or if it he not in every 4)oint wholly conformaMe to the docrrine of Christ, and not in the least contrary to reason: The former h a Papist, as he is generally appre- hended by those wl»o have a Protestant edvica- tion; such as, whenever reftected on, is eonceived to be a perverse, malicious sore of creature ; su- perstitious, idolatrous, atheistical, cruel, bloodv- minded, barbarous, treacherous, and so prpfane and every way inhuman, that it is in some nriea- sure doubted whether he be a man or not. The other is a Papist, whose faith is according to the' proposal of the Catholic church, which, by Christ'^' command, he is obliged to believe and hear ; and' whose whole design in this world is for obtaining salvation in the next. And is it not strange, that these two characters, so directly opposite, so wholly unlike one to the other, that heaven and earth are not more unlike, should agree in the Kame person 1 It is certainly a strange piece of :_• *: ^^A ..£.1- nnt- n* oil a t v r% rt (T a t f\ '/nnaP wrnffc s he is as dif- 3 rent is [)m the ird and e to be by all o. The without, the })e- iderers, rhat de- be not iot'trine reason: '; appre- t edvica- nceived ire ; so- bloodv- prpfane ne nnea- >t. The jg to the' r Christ'*!' ?ar; and ►btaining ige, that osite, so aven and 36 in the piece of [iois<^ tvKo* • ev^ir— -- — ■ — fi'?'* «ONCLUsfo?»- ktio*. that those who follow Christ shall be hated by the world ; that those who study the w.sdom of heaven, shall have the repute of fools ; and that as many as attend the Lamb shall be painted m the livery of Satan; our forefathers were so before o, so were all the primitive Christians, the Apos- "le'« and even the Lamb himself, our Redeemer. Calumny ever followed them, misrepresentation waited upon them j and what wonder, then, that infamv was their constant attendant ? And now, iftheorthodoK Christians have thus in all ages had their double character— one of justice, exact- ly drawnfrom what they really believed and prac- tised • the other of malice, copied from »l'em /» misrepresented : it is n<,t at all strange to find it so in our days, when caluranv, malice, ignorance, &c. are as powerful as ever : which, though from the beginning of the world, that -^ .»l>"y« l^ thousand yfears, f.iey have made it their chief bu. siness to paint, copv, and misrepresent things and persons, yet they never did it with so much inju- ry, so altogether unlikely, as they '^opo^ oihe Papists, there being scarce any point o^iYieir^ faith or profession which they do not eitlier blind^ ly mistake, or basely disguise. The Pbp.sts be- lieves it is convenient to pray before holy images and <^ive them an inferior or relative respect. These describe the Papists as P'^y'^S '"^""X'' and worshipping them as idols. 1 he Papist* be- Lve it is go'Sd to desire the prayers of the sa.nts^^ und honour them as the friends of God. 1 uese paint 00-. the Papists as believing the saints to be their redeemers, and adoring them as gods. The Falts believe that Christ left a power m the prie«U of his Chucrh to absolve all penitent sin- M I gg CDl!«elLU3I0N. hers from their ofFer.ces. These represent xhn Papists as believing that the priest can infallibly forgive all such as corr.e to confession, whether they repent or not. The Papists believe there is power in the supreme pastor, upon due motives, of granting? indulgences; that is, of releasing to the faithful such temporal penalties as ifemained due to their past sins, already r^itted as to their guilt, on condition that they perform such Chris- tian duties as shall he a^signed them : i.e. hum- ble themselves by fasting, confess their sins with a hearty repentance, receive worthily, give alms to the poor, &c. These make the Papists beheve that the Pope, for a sum of money, can give them leave to commit what sin they shall think fit, with a certain pardon for all crimes already incurred ; and that there can be no danger of damnation to any that can but make a large present to Rome at his death. The Papists believe, that, by the merits of Christ, the good works of a just man are accf3ptable to God, and, through His goodness and promise, meritorious of eternal happinesf- These report, that the Papists believe they can merit heaven by their own works, without any de- pendance on the works of our redemption. The Papists worship Christ really present in thesacra- " ment, true God and man. These say they fall Viown to, and worship a bit of bread. Some Pa- pists maintain the deposing power. These will have it to be an article of their faith, and that they are obliged to it by their religion. Some Pa- pists have been traitors, rebels, canspirators.— These make these villanics to l>e meritorious among the Papists, and that il is the docirine 6f »* i ent lh« fallibly i^hetber there is notives, sing to tnained to their \ Ghris- e, hura- ins with ve alms believe ve them fit, with icurred ; ation to o Rome by the man are ;oodnes8 ippiness, they can any de- n. The le sacra- ihey fall ome Pa- lese will and that ome Pa- rators.— jritorious )cirin€ 6f Hifi thine — — ^j_ CONCLUSIOir. beloncins to their faiu. and exercise of their reli- g o",?whfch is not wronged in describ.ug u. and ^.iuriously misrepresented. But are not he Pa- pi ts, then, such as they are represen ed f No . they are no more alike, than the chr,stia,.s ot old were, under the perseeutiug emperors, to what thev appeared when, clothed with hons" and bears sSs they were exposed to wild beasts .a tl e fmphitlStre, u„der those borrowed shapes to nrovoke their sa e opponents to grea er tury . Tnd that they mignt Lyiibly, and w.th more rase be torn to pieces. Let any one but searcti 'fo'the councils^f the Church of Rome, even that of Trent, than which none can be more po- lish : let them peruse her catechisms, that aa %rochos, or others set forth for pastors to instruct their flocks ; and for children, youih. and others. tVrn their Christian Doctrine, of wh.chthe^e is extant a great variety in English ; let theni ex- amine Veron's Rule of Faith, and that set forth by Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux ; let them look .mo the spiritual books of direction-those of ^t. Franm de Sales, the FoUoxvin^ of Chrut, the Spiritual ComU Granadu^s VVorA., and mfinite others of this sort, which Papists generally keep by them for their instruction ; and then let them freelv declare, whether the Pap.sts are so ill- principled, either as to their fa.th or mon.U,^^ thev are generally made to appear, A little an gco^ce of -this kind, with a serious inquiry mo their own conversation, their manner ot living and dying, will easily discover the dress of the S< with which they are cotnmonly exposed in Dublic is not theirs, but only the skin that is f",„L": '„r them. The Papists own, that there ! I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k // {/ /5"^< f% .m / c^: '•^y # ■> V ^,> w ym Photographic Science! (S Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. U580 (716) 872-4503 4. f/j 90 CONCLUSION. nre timong them men of very ill Hves, and ihat % Of worshipping Saints, - * 3 Of praying to the Virgin Mary^ ^^■ 4 Of Relics y - - "^ ^ Of the Eucharist, - - 6 Of Merits and Good Works, 7 Of Confession, - - * 8 Of Indulgences, « - - 9 Of Satisfaction^ - * - * 10 0/ reading the Holy Scriptures^ - 110/ the Scriptures as a Rule of Faith, 12 Of the Interpretation of Scripture, - 13 Of tradition., - - - 14 Of CounciU, - - ^ 15 OflnWMity in the Church, 16 Cf the Pope, 17 Of Dispensations, - ^ 18 Of the Deposing Power, - • 19 0/ Commurion in ont kind, ^ ^ Of the Mass, 21 Of Purgatory - *^ 23 Of praying in an unknown Tongue, 23 Of the Second Commandment, 24 Of Mental Reservation, - - 25 OfiiDeath'^edRepentajncej, 26 Of Fasting, - ^ - «^ Of Divisions and Schisms in the Church, 28 OfFriartand Nuns, - - 2P Ofwkked Principles and Practices, t!tf) 0/ Miracles, *. - - 31 Of Holy Water, 32 Of breeding up People in Ignorance^ - 33 Onftc Ifnchantahhness of the Papists, M Of Innovations in Matters ofFaith^ - 27ie Conclusion, * - - jinaihemaSf PkgM, I 1 . 3 1 * 4 1 ^ 10 1 ^ 13 m « 15 I M. 16^ 1