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Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 S 6 w.f K.f PAUSANIA8, THE SPARTAN. i \- ••■ i <%. *i T PAUSANIA8, THE SPAETAN; ^11 mmmm mMm ^amm. BY THE LATE LORD LYTTON. EDITED BY HIS SON. TORONTO: BELFORD BROS, PUBLISHERS. 1876. I '■1, Entered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, by Belford Brothers, in the office of the Minister of Agriculture. \ TORONTO : Williams, Slkktii & MacMillan, Printbrh, bay street. 4 Hedir^tion. a, m L, by ;r of ■1^ >'m TO THE REV. BENJAMIN HALL KENNEDY, D.D. CANON OF ELY, AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK. IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. My dear Dr. Kennedy, Revised by your helpful hand, and corrected by your accurate scholarship, to whom may these pages be so fitly inscribed as to that of one of their author's earliest and most honoured friends,* whose generous assistance has enabled me to place them before the public in their present form ? It is fully fifteen, if not twenty, years since my father commenced the composition of an historical romance on the subject of Pausanias, the Spartan Regent. Circumstances, which need not here be recorded, com- * The late Lord Lytton, in his unpubHshed autobiographical memoirs, describing his contemporaries at Cambridge, speaks of Dr. Kennedy as "a young giant of learning." — L. VI I'AUSANIAS, rHK SPARTAN. pelled him to lay aside the work thus begun. But the subject continued to haunt his imagination and occupy his thoughts. He detected in it singular opportunities for effective exercise of the gifts most peculiar to his genius ; and repeatedly, in the intervals of other liter- ary labour, he returned to the task which, though again and again interrupted, was never abandoned. To that rare combination of the imaginative and practical facul- ties which characterized my father's intellect, and re- ceived from his I'fe such varied illustration, the story of Pausanias, indeed, briefly as it is told by Thucydides and Plutarch, addressed itself with singular force. The vast consjiiracy of the Spartan Regent, had it been successful, would have changed the whole course of Grecian history. To any student of political pheno- mena, but more especially to one who, during the greater part of his life, had been personally engaged in active politics, the story of such a conspiracy could not fail to be attractive. To the student of human nature the character of Pausanias himself offers sources of the deepest interest ; and, in the strange career and tragic fate of the great conspirator, an imagination fascinated by the supernatural must have recognized remarkable elements of awe and terror. A few months previous to his death, I asked my father whether he had abandoned all intention of finishing his romance of " Pausanias." He replied, " On the contrary, I am finishing it now," and entered with great animation, into a discussion of the subject and its capabilities. This reply to my inquiry surprised and i{ DKDICATION. VII I impressed me : for, as you are aware, my lather was then engaged in the simultaneous composition of two other and very different works, " Kenelm Chillingly" and the " Parisians." It was the last time he ever spoke to me about Pausanias ; but from what he then said of it 1 derived an imj)ression that the book was all but completed, and needing only a few finishing touches to be ready for publication at no distant date. This impression was confirmed, subset luent to my father's death, by a letter of instructions about his posthumous papers which accom])anied his will. In that letter, dated 1856, special allusion is made to Pausanias as a work already far advanced towards its conclusion. You, to whom, in your kind and careful revision of it, this unfinished work has suggested many questions which, alas, I cannot answer, as to the probable con- duct and fate of its fictitious characters, will readily understand my reluctance to surrender an impression so well justified. I did not indeed cease to cherish it, until reiterated and exhaustive search had failed to recover from the "wallet" wherein Time "puts alms for oblivion," more than those fi v imperfect fragments which, by your valued help, are here arranged in such order as to carry on the narrative of Pausanias, with no solution of continuity, to the middle of the second volume. There the manuscript breaks off. Was it evec con- tinued further? I know not. Many circumstances induce me to believe that the conception had long VIII PAUSANIAS, TIIK SI'AUTAN. t' I! been carefully completed in the nunc! ot' its author ; but he has left behind him only a very meagre and imperfect indication of the course whi( h, beyond the point where it is broken, his narrative was intended to follow. In presenc e of this fact I have had to choose between the total suppression of the fragment, and the publication of it in its present form. My choice has not been made without hesitation ; but I trust that, from many jmints of view, the following |)ages will be found to justify it. Judiciously (as I cannot but think) for the purposes of his fiction, my father has taken up the story of Pausanias at a period sul)se(iuent to the battle of Plataja ; when the Sj^artan Regent, as Admiral of the United Greek Fleet in the waters of Byzantium, was at the summit of his power and reputation. Mr. (Irote, in his great work, expresses the oi)inion (which cer- tainly cannot be disputed by unbiassed readers of Thucydides) that the victory of Plataea was not attribut- able to any remarkable abilities on the part of Pausanias. But Mr. Grote fairly recognizes as quite exceptional the fame and authority accorded to Pausanias, after the battle, by all the Hellenic States ; the influence which his name commanded, and the awe which his character inspired. Not to the mere fact of his birth as an Heracleid, not to the lucky accident (if such it were) of his success at Plataea, and certainly not to his undisputed (but surely by no means uncommon) jjhysi- cal courage, is it possible to attribute the peculiar .position which this remarkable man so long occuj^ied I M II r A1ION. IX in the estimation of liis conteniporaries. For the little that we know about Pausanias we ire mainly depend- ent upon Atlienian writers, who must have l»een strongly prejudiced against him. Mr. (irote, ad()|)ting (as any modern historian needs must do) the narrative so handed down to him, never once pauses to (juestion its estimate of the character of a man who was at one time the glory, and at another the terror, of all (Ireece. Yet in com|)aring the summary proceedings taken against Leotychides with the extreme, and seemingly pusillanimous, deference paid to Pausanias by the Kphors long after they possessed the most alarming proofs of his treason, Mr. (Irote observes, without attempting to account for the fact, that Pausanias, though only Regent, was far more powerful than any Spartan King. Why so powerful ? Obviously, because he possessed uncommon force of character ; a force of character strikingly attested by every known incident of his career; and which, when concentrated upon the con- ception and execution of vast designs (even if those designs be criminal), must be recognized as the special tribute of genius. Thucydides, Plutarch, Diodorus, Grote, all these writers ascribe solely to the administra- tive incai)acity of Pausanias that offensive arrogance which characterized his command at Byzantium, and ap- parently cost Sparta the loss of her maritime hegemony. But here is precisely one of those problems in public policy and personal conduct which the historian be- queathes to the imaginative writer, and which needs, for its solution, a [)rofound knowledge rather of human I 'i X PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. nature than of books. For dealing with such a pro- blem, my father, in addition to the intuitive penetration of character and motive which is common to every great romance writer, certainly possessed two (qualifica- tions special to himself: the habit of dealing practically with political questions, and experience in the active management of men. His explanation of the policy of Pausan'.as at B^'zantium, if it be not (as I think it is) the right one, is at least the only one yet offe'^ed. I venture to think that, historical!)', it merits attention ; as, from the imaginative point of view, it is undoubt- edly felicitous. By elevating our estimate of Pausanias as a statesman, it increases our interest in him as a man. The Author ot " Pausanias" does not merely tell us that his hero, when in conference with the Si)artan commissioners, displayed " great natural powers which, rightly trained, might have made him not less renowned in council than in war;" but he gives us, though briefly, the arguments used by Pausanias. He presents to us the image, always interesting, of a man who grasps firmly the clear conception of a definite but difficult policy, for success in which he is dependent on the conscious or involuntary co-operation of men impene- trable to that conception, and possessed of a collective authority even greater than his own. To retain Sparta temporarily at the head of Greece was an ambition quite consistent with the more criminal designs of Pausa- nias ; and his whole conduct at Byzantium is rendered more intelligible than it appears in history, when he i i4 DEDICATION. XI * a points out that " for Sparta to mantain her ascendancy two things are needful : first, to continue the war by land, secondly, to disgust the lonians with their so- journ at Byzantium, to send them with their ships back to their own havens, and so leave Hellas under the sole guardianship of the Spartans and their Peloponnesian allies." And who has not learned, in a later school, the wisdom of the Spartan commissioners? Do not their utterances sound familiar to us ? " Increase of Dominion is waste of life and treasure. Sparta is con- tent to hold her own. What care we, who leads the Greeks into blows ? The fewer blows the better. Brave men fight if they must : wise men never fight if they can help it." Of this scene and some others in the first volume of the present fragment (notably the scene in which the Regent confronts the allied chiefs, and defends himself against the charge of connivance at the escape of the Persian prisoners), I should have been tempted to say that they could not have been written without personal experience of political life; if the interview between Wallenstein and the Swedish ambas- sadors in Schiller's great trilogy did not recur to my recollection as I write. The language of the ambas- sadors in that interview is a perfect manual of practical diplor-. cy ; and yet in practical diplomacy Schiller had no p rsonal experience. There are, indeed, no limits to creative power of genius. But it is perhaps the practical politician who will be most interested by the chapters in which Pausanias explains his policy, or defends his position. Xll PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. In publishing a romance which its author has left unfinished, I may perhaps be allowed to indicate briefly what I believe to have been the general scope of its design and the probable progress of its narrative. The " domestic interest" of that narrative is supplied by the story of Cleonice : a story whi h, briefly told by Plutarch, suggests one of the most tragic situations it is possible to conceive. The pathos and terror of this dark weird ei)isode in a life which history herself in- vests with all the character of romance, long haunted the imagination of Byron ; and elicited from Goethe one of the most whimsical illustrations of the astonish- ing absurdity into which criticism sometimes tumbles, when it " o'erleaps itself and falls o' the other — ." Writing of Manfred and its author, he says, " There are, properly speaking, two females whose phantoms for ever haunt him ; and which, in this piece also> perform principal parts. One under the name of Astarte, the other without a form or actual presence, and merely a voice. Of the horrid occurrence which took place with the former, the following is related : — When a bold and enterprising young man, he won the affec- tions of a Florentine lady. Her husband discovered the amour, and murdered his wife. But the murderer was the same night found dead in the street, and there was no one to whom any suspicion could be attached. Lord Byron removed from Florence, and these spirits hamited him all his life after. This romantic incident is rendered highly probable by innumerable allusions to it in his poems. As, for instance, when turning his :5f m. DEDICATION. Xlll sad contemplations inwards, he applies to himself the fatal history of the King of Sparta. It is as follows : Pausanias, a Lacedaemonian General, acquires glory by the important victory at Platsea ; but afterwards forfeits the confidence of his countrymen by his arrogance, obstinacy, and secret intrigues with the common enemy. This man draws upon himself the heavy guilt of inno- cent blood, which attends him to his end. For, while commanding the fleet of the allied Greeks in the Black Sea, he is inflamed with a violent passion for a Byzantine maiden. After long resistance, he at length obtains her from her parents ; and she is to be delivered up to him that night. She modestly desires the servant to put out the lamp, and, while groping her way in the dark, she overturns it. Pausanias is awakened from his sleep ; apprehensive of an attack from murderers he seizes his sword, and destroys his mistress. The horrid sight never leaves him. Her shade pursues him unceasingly ; and in vain he implores aid of the gods and the exorcising priests. That poet must have a lacerated heart who selects such a scene from antiquity, appropriates it to himself, and burdens his tragic image with it." * It is extremely characteristic of Byron, that, instead of resenting this charge of murder, he was so pleased by the criticism in which it occurs that he afterwards dedicated " The Deformed Transformed" to Goethe. Mr. Grote repeats the story above alluded to, with all * Moore's ** Life and Letters of Lord Byron," p. 723. XIV PAUSANTAS, THE SPARTAN. the sanction of hi^rave authority, and even mentions the name of the young lady ; apparently for the sake of adding a few black strokes to his character of Pausanias. But the supernatural part of the legend was, of course, beneath the notice of a nineteenth-century critic ; and he passes it by. This part of the story is, however, essential to the psychological interest of it. For whether it be that Pausanias supposed himself, or that contemporary gossips supposed him, to be haunted by the phantom of the woman he had loved and slain, the fact, in either case, affords a lurid glimpse into the inner life of the man ;'^-just as, although Goethe's murder-story about Byron is ludicrously untrue, yet the fact that such a story was circulated, and could be s^^ri- ously repeated by such a man as Goethe without being resented by Byron himself, offers significant illustrations both of >vhat Byron was, and of what he appeared to his contemporaries. Grote also assigns the death of Cleonice to that period in the life of Pausanias when he was in the command of the allies at Byzantium ; and refers to it as one of the numerous outrages whereby Pausanias abused and disgraced the authority confided to him. Plutarch, however, who tells the story in greater detail, distinctly fixes the date of its catastrophe subsequent to the return of the Regent to Byzantium, as a solitary volunteer, in the trireme of Hermione. The following is his account of the affair : " It is related that Pausanias, when at Byzantium, sought, with criminal purpose, the love of a young lady of good family, named Cleonice. The parents I DEDICATION. XV yielding to fear, or necessity, suffered him to carry away their daughter. Before entering his chamber, she requested that the light might be extinguished ; and in darkness and silence she approached the couch of Pausanias, who was already asleep. In doing so she accidentally upset the lamp. Pausanias, suddenly aroused from slumber, and supposing that some enemy was about to assassinate him, seized his sword, which lay by his bedside, and with it struck the maiden, to the ground. She died of her wound ; and from that moment repose was banished from the life of Pausanias. A spectre appeared to him every night in his sleep ; and repeated to him in reproachful tones this hex- ameter verse, * Whither I wait thee march, and receive the doom thou deservest. Sooner or later, hut ever, to man crime bringeth disaster. ' The allies, scandalized by this misdeed, concerted with Cimon, and besieged Pausanias in Byzantium. But he succeeded in escaping. Continually troubled by the phantom, he took refuge, it is said, at Heraclea, in that temple where the souls of the dead are evoked. He appealed to Cleonice and conjured her to mitigate his torment. She appeared to him, and told him that on his return to Sparta he would attain the end of his sufferings ; indicating, as it would seem, by these enigmatic words, the death which there awaited him. This" (adds Plutarch) "is a story told by most of the historians. " * * Plutarch, ** Life of Cimon. XVI FAUsANiAs, rut: spartan. I feel no doubt that this version of the story, or at least the general outline of it, would have been fol- lowed by the romance had my father lived to complete it. Some modification of its details would doubtless have been necessary for the purposes of fiction. But that the Cleonice of the novel is destined to die by the hand of her lover, is clearly indicated. To me it seems that considerable skill and judgment are shown in the pains taken, at the very opening of the book, to prepare the mind of the reader for an incident which would have been intolerably painful, and must have prematurely ended the whole narrative interest, had the chai^cter of Cleonice been drawn otherwise than as we find it in this first -portion of the book. From the outset she appears before us under the shadow of a tragic fatality. Of that fatality she is herself intuitively conscious : and with it her whole being is in harmony. No sooner do we recognize her real character than we perceive that, for such a character, there can be no fit or satisfactory issue from the difficulties of her posi- tion, in any conceivable combination of earthly circum- stances. But she is not of the earth earthly. Her thoughts already habitually hover on the dim frontier of some vague spiritual region in which her love seeks refuge from the hopeless realities of her life ; and, re- cognizing this betimes, we are prepared to see above the hand of her ill-fated lover, when it strikes her down in the dark, the merciful and releasing hand of her natural destiny. But assuming the author to have adopted Plutarch's chronology, and deferred the death \ 4^ ^ DEDICATION. XVll of Cleonicc till the return of Pausanias to Byzantium (the latest date to which he could possibly have de- ferred it), this catastrophe must still have occurred somewhere in the course, or at the close, of his second volume. There would, in that case, have still remain- ed about nine years (and those the most eventful) of his hero's career to be narrated. The premature re- moval of the heroine -from the narrative, so early in the course of it, would therefore, at first sight, appear to be a serious defect in the conception of this romance. Here it is, however, that the credulous gossip of the' old biographer comes to the rescue of the modern artist. I apprehend that the Cleonice of the novel would, after her death, have been still sensibly present to the reader's imagination throughout the rest of the romance. She would then have moved through it like a fate, reappearing in the most solemn moments of the story, and at all times apparent, even when unseen, in her visible influence upon the fierce and passionate character, the sombre and turbulent career, of her guilty lover. In short, we may fairly suppose that, in all the closing scenes of the tragedy, Cleonice would have still figured and acted as one of those supernatu- ral agencies which my father, following the example of his great predecessor, Scott, did not scruple to in- troduce into the composition of historical romance. * Without the explanation here suggested, those meta- physical conversations between Cleonice, Alcman, and * , * " Harold. " B a; "^ , Y XVIU PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. n Pausanias, which occui)y the opening chapters of Book II., might be deemed superfluous. But, in fact, they are essential to the preparation of the catastrophe ; and that catastrophe, if reached, would undoubtedly Iiave revealed to any reflective reader their important connection with the narrative which they now appear to retard somewhat unduly. Quite apart from the unfinished manuscript of this story of Pausanias, and in another portion of my father's papers which have no reference to the story, I have discovered the following, undated, memorandum of the destined contents of the second and third volumes of the work. PAUSANIAS. VOL II. Lysander — Sparta — Ephors — Decision to recall Pausanias. 60. Pausanias with Pharnabazes — On the point of success — Xerxes' daughter — Interview with Cleonice — Recalled, 60. Sparta — Alcman with his family. 60. Cleonice — Antagoras — Yields to suit of marriage. 60. Pausanias suddenly reappears, as a volunteer — Scenes. 60. VOL. III. Pausanias removes Cleonice, &c. — Conspiracy against him — Up to Cleonice's death. 100. His expulsion from Byzantium — His despair — His journey into Thrace — Scythians, &c. ? Heraclea — Ghost. 60. '■fk. ■tm,. DEDICATION. XIX His return — to Colonce, ? 60. ney • r i Antagoras resolved on revenge — Communicates with Sparta. ? The * * * — Conference with Alcman — Pausanias depends on Helots, and money. 40. His return — to death. 120. This is the only indication I can find of the intended conclusion of the story. Meagre though it be, how- ever, it sufficiently suggests the manner in which the author of the romance intended to deal with the cir- cumstances of Cleonice's death as related by Plutarch. With her forcible removal by Pausanias, or her willing flight with him from the house of her father, it would probably have been difficult to reconcile the general sentiment of the romance, in connection with any cir- cumstances less conceivable than those which are indi- cated in the memorandum. But in such circumstances the step taken by Pausanias might have had no worse motive than the rescue of the woman who loved him from forced union with another ; and Cleonice's assent to that step might have been quite compatible with the purity and heroism of her character. In this manner, moreover, a strong motive is prepared for that senti- ment of revenge on the part of Antagoras whereby the dramatic interest of the story might be greatly height- ened in the subsequent chapters. The intended intro- duction of the supernatural element is also clearly indicated. But apart from this, fine opportunities for psychological analysis would doubtless have occurred XX PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. r in tracing the gradual deterioration of such a character as that of Kiusanias when, de|)rived of the guardian influence of a hope passionate i)ut not impure, its craving for fierce excitement must liave been stimulated by remorseful memories and impotent despairs. Indeed, the imi)erfect manuscript now printed, contains only the exposition of a tragedy. All the most striking effects, all the strongest dramatic situations, have been reserved for the pages of the manuscript which, alas, are either lost or unwritten. Who can doubt, for instance, how effectually in the closing cenes of this tragedy the grim image of Alithea might have assumed the place assigned to it by history ? All that we now see is the preparation made for its effective presentation in the foreground of such later scenes, by the chapter in the second volume describing the meeting between Lysander and the stern mothci cf his Spartan chief. In Lysander Iiimself, moreover, we have the germ of a singularly dramatic situation. How would Lysander act in the final struggle which his character and fate are already preparing for him, be- tween patriotism and friendship, his fidelity to Pau- sanias, and his devotion to Sparta? Is Lysander's father intended for that Ephor, who, in the last moment, made the sign that warned Pausanias to take refuge in the temple which became his living tomb ? Probably. Would Themistocles, who was so seriously compro- mised in the conspiracy of Pausanias, have appeared and played a part in those scenes on which the curtain must remain unlifted ? Possibly. Is Alcman the helot I I -i n II M II . I U F: DKDICAI'ION. XXI lelot who revealed, to the Ephors, the gigantic plots of his master just when those plots were on the eve of execu- tion ? There is much in the relations between Pau- sanias and the Mothon, as they are described in the opening chapters of the romance, which favours, and indeed renders almost irresistible, such a supi)osition. But then, on the other hand, what genius on the i)art of the author could reconcile us to the i)erpetration by his hero of a crime so mean, so cowardly, as that per- sonal i^erfidy to which iiistory ascribes the revelation of the Regent's far more excusable treasons, and their terrible punishment? These questions must remain unanswered. The magician can wave his wand no more. The circle is broken, the spells are scattered, the secret lost. The images which he evoked, and which he alone could animate, remain before us incomplete, semi-articulate, unable to satisfy the curiosity they inspire. A group of fragments, in many places broken, you have helped me to restore. With what reverent and kindly care, with what disciplined judgment and felicitous sugges- tion, you have accomj)lished the difficult task so gener- ously undertaken, let me here most gratefully attest. Beneath the sculptor's name, allow me to inscribe upon the pedestal your ov/n ; and accept this sincere assur- ance of the inherited esteem and personal regard with which I am. My dear Dr. Kennedy, Your obliged and faithful ClNTKA, 5 July, l8'/5. LYTTON. PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. book: I. CHAPTER I. On one of the quays which bordered the unrivalled harbour of Byzantium, more than twenty-three cen- turies before the date at which this narrative is begun, stood two Athenians. In the waters of the haven rode the vessels of the Grecian Fleet. So deep was the basin, in which the tides are scarcely felt,* that the prows of some of the ships touched the quays, and the setting sun glittered upon the smooth and waxen surfaces of the prows rich with diversifled col- ours and wrought gilding. To the extreme right of the fleet, and nearly opposite ^he place upon which the Athenians stood, was a vessel still more profusely orna- mented than the rest. On the prow were elaborately carved the heads of the twin deities of the l^aconian mariner, Castor and Pollux ; in the centre of the deck was a wooden edifice or pavillion having a gilded roof and shaded by purple awnings, an imitation of the * Gibbon, ch. 17. 24 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. luxurious galleys of the Barbarian ; while the para- semon, or flag, as it idly waved in the faint breeze of the gentle evening, exhibited the terrible serpent, which if it was the fabulous type of demigods and heroes, might also be regarded as an emblem of the wily but stern ])olicy of the Spartan State. Such was the galley of the commander of the armament, which, (after the reduction of Cyprus) had but lately wrested from the yoke of Persia that link between her Euro- pean and Asiatic domains, that key of the Bosporus — " the Golden Horn" of Byzantium.* High above all other Greeks (Themistocles alone excepted) soared the fame of that renowned chief, Pausanias, Regent of Sparta and General of the allied troops at the victorious battle-fleld of Plata^a. The spot on which the Athenians stood was lonely and now unoccupied, save by themselves and the sentr^'^s stationed at some distance on either hand. The larger portion of the crews in the various vessels were on shore ; but on the decks idly reclined small groups of sailors, and the murmur of their voice stole, indis- tinguishably blended, upon the translucent air. Behind rose, one above the other, the Seven Hills, on which long afterwards the Emperor Constantine built a second * **The harbour -^f Constantinople, which may be considered as an arm of the Bosphorus, obtained in a very remote period the denomination of the Golden Horn. The curve which it describes might be compared to the horn of a stag, or, as it should seem, with more propriety to that of an ox." — Gib. c. 17 ; Strab. 1. X. ^M PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 25 4 Rome ; and over these heights, even then, buildings were scattered of various forms and dates, here the pillared temples of the Greek colonists, to whom Byzantium owed its origin, there the light roofs and painted domes which the Eastern conquerors had introduced. One of the Athenians was a man in the meridian of manhood, of a calm, sedate, but somewhat haughty aspect ; the other was in the full bloom of youth, of lofty stature, and with a certain majesty of bearing ; down his shoulders flowed a profusion of long curled hair,* divided in the centre of the forehead, and con- nected with golden clasps, in which was wrought the emblem of the Athenian nobles — the Grasshopper — a fashion not yet obsolete, as it had become in the days of Thucydides, Still, to an observer, there was some- thing heavy in the ordinary expression of the handsome countenance. His dress differed from the earlier fashion of the lonians ; it dispensed with those loose linen garments which had something of effeminacy in their folds, and was confined to the simple and statue- like grace that characterized the Dorian garb. Yet the clasp that fastened the chlamys upon the right shoulder, leaving the arm free, was of pure gold and exquisite workmanship, and the materials of the simple vesture were of a quality that betokened wealth and rank in the wearer. "Yes, Cimon," said the elder of the Athenians, " yonder galley itself affords sufficient testimony of the Ion (i/>n(/ pint. 26 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 'l^i change that has citme over the haughty Spartan. It is difficult, indeed, to recognize in this luxurious satrap, who affects the dress, the manners, the very insolence of the Barbarian, that Pausanias who, after the glorious day of Platcea, ordered the slaves to prepare in the tent of Mardonius such a banquet as would have been served to the Persian, while his own Spartan broth and bread were set beside it, in order that he might utter to the chiefs of Greece that noble pleasantry, " Behold the folly of the Persians, who forsook such splendour to plunder such poverty.' " * " Shame upon his degeneracy, and thrice shame ! " said the young Cimon, sternly. " I love the Spartans so well, that I blush for whatever degrades them. And all Sparta is dwarfed by the effeminacy of her chief" " Softly, Cimon, " said Aristides, with a sober smile. " Whatever surprise we may feel at the corruption of Pausanias, he is not one who will allow us to feel con- tempt. Through all the voluptuous softness acquired by intercourse with these Barbarians, the strong nature of the descendant of the demigod still breaks forth. Even at the distaff I recognize Alcides, whether for evil or for good. Pausanias is one on whom our most anxious gaze must be duly bent. But in this change of his I rejoice ; the gods are at work for Athens. See you not that, day after day, while Pausa- nias disgusts the allies with the Spartans theniselves, he throws them more and more into the arms of * Herod, ix. 82. i .* PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 27 Athens? Let his madness go on, and ere long the violet-crowned city will become the queen of the seas." "Such was my own hope," said Cimon, his face assuming a new expression, brightened with all the in- telligence of ambition and pride ; " but I did not dare own it to myself till you spoke. Several officers of Ionia and the Isles have already openly and loudly proclaimed to me their wish to exchange the Spartan ascendancy for the Athenian." " And with all your love for Sparta," said Aristides, looking steadfastly and searchingly at his comrade, " you would not then hesitate to rob her of a glory which you might bestow on your own Athens ?" " Ah, am I not Athenian ?" answered Cimon, with a deep passion in his voice. " Though my great father perished a victim to the injustice of a faction — though he who had saved Athens from the Mede died in the Athenian dungeon — still, fatherless, I see in Athens but a mother, and if her voice sounded harshly in my boyish years, in manhood I have feasted on her smiles. Yes, I honor Sparta, but I love Athens. You have my answer." "You speak well," said Aristides, with warmth; " you are worthy of the destinies for which I foresee that the son of Miltiades is reserved. Be wary, be cautious ; above all, be smooth, and blend with men of every state and grade. I would wish that allies them- selves should draw the contrast between the insolence of the Spartan chief and the courtesy of the Athenians. What said you to the Ionian officers ?" I IVli ' 28 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. " I said that Athens held there was no difference between to command and to obey, except so far as was best for the interests of Greece ; that — as on the field of Platcea, when the Tegeans asserted precedence over the Athenians, we, the Athenian army, at once ex- claimed, through your voice, Aristides, ' We come here to fight the Barbarian, not to dispute amongst ourselves; place us where you will' :* — even so now, w hile the allies give the command to Sparta, Sparta we will obey. But if we were thought by the Grecian States the fittest leaders, our answer would be the same that we gave at Plat?ea, ' Not we, but Greece be con- sulted : place us where you will ! ' " " O wise Cimon ! " exclaimed Aristides, " I have no caution to bestow on you. You do by intuition that which I attempt by experience. But hark ! What music sounds in the distance? the airs that Lydia borrowed from the East ? " " And for which," said Cimon, sarcastically, " Pausa- nias hath abandoned the Dorian flute." Soft, airy, and voluptuous were indeed the sounds which now, from the streets leading upwards from the c^uay, floated along the deficious air. The sailors rose, listening and eager, from the decks ; there was once more bustle, life, and animation on board the fleet. From several of the vessels the trumpets woke a son- orous signal-note. In a few minutes the quays, before so deserted, swarmed with the Grecian mariners, who emerged hastily, whether from various houses in the *Plut. in Vit. Arist. • ^M I. i. •' ^nwjimiiiii' ' PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 29 I i.i haven, or from the encampment which stretched along II, and hurried to their res})ective ships. On board the galley of Pausanias there was more especial ani- mation ; not only mariners, but slaves, evidently from the Eastern markets, were seen, and heard talking, quick and loud, in foreign tongues. Rich carpets were unfurled and laid across the deck, while trembling and hasty hands smoothed into yet more graceful folds the curtains that shaded the gay pavillion in the centre. The Athenians looked on, the one with thoughtful composure, the other one with a bitter smile, while these preparations announced the unexpected, and not undreaded, approach of the great Pausanias. " Ho, noble Cimon !" cried a young man who, hurrying towards one of the vessels, caught sight of the Athenians and paused. "You are the very person whom I most desired to see. Aristides too ! — we are fortunate." The speaker was a young man of slighter make and lower stature than the Athenians, but well shaped, and with features the partial effeminacy of which was ele- vated by an expression of great vivacity and intelli- gence. The steed trained for Elis never bore in its proportions the evidence of blood and rare breeding more visibly than the dark brilliant eye of this young man, his broad low transparent brow, expanded nostril and sensitive lip, revealed the i)assionate and some- what arrogant character of the vivacious Greek of the ^gean Isles. "Antagoras," rej^lied Cimon, laying his hand with 1 ^ 30 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. frank and somewhat blunt cordiality on the Greek's shoulder, " like the grape of your own Chios, you can- not fail to be welcome at all times. But why would you seek us now ?" " Because I will no longer endure the insolence of this rude Spartan. Will you believe it, Cimon — will you believe it, Aristides ? Pausanias has actually dared to sentence to blows, to stripes, one of my own men — a free Chian — nay, a Decadarchus.* I have but this instant heard it. And the offence — gods ! the offence ! — was that he ventured to contest with a Laconian, an underling in the Spartan army, which one of the two had the fair right to a wine cask ! Shall this be borne, Cimon ?" . " Stripes to a Greek !" said Cimon, and the colour mounted to his brow. " Thinks Pausanias that the Ionian race are already his Helots ?" " Be calm," said Aristides ; "Pausanias approaches. I will accost him." " But listen still !" exclaimed Antagoras eagerly, plucking the gown of the Athenian as the latter turned away. "When Pausanias heard of the contest between my soldier and his Laconian, what said he, think you ? * Prior claim ; learn henceforth that, where the Spartans are to be found, the Spartans jp all matters have the prior claim.' " " We will see to it," returned Aristides, calmly ; "but keep by my side." And now the music sounded loud and near, and * Leader cf ten men. PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 31 suddenly, as the procession approached, the character of that music altered. The Lydian measures ceased, those who had attuned them gave away to musicians of loftier aspect and simpler garb ; in whom might be recognized, not indeed the genuine Spartans, but their free, if subordinate, countrymen of Laconia; and a minstrel, who walked beside them, broke out into a song, partially adapted from the bold and lively strain of Alcaeus, the fiut two lines in each stanza ringing much to that chii le, the two latter reduced into briefer compass, as, with allowance for the differing laws of national rhythm, we thus seek to render the verse : SONG. Multitude^ backward ! Way for the Dorian ; Way for the Lord of rocky Laconia ; Heaven to Hercules opened Way on the earth for his son. Steel and fate, blunted, break on his fortitude ; Two evils only never eniureth he — Death by a wound in retreating, Life with a blot on his name. Rocky his birthplace ; rocks are immutable ; So are his laws, and so shall his glory be. Time is the Victor of Nations, Sparta the Victor of Time. Watch o'er him heedful on the wide ocean. Brothers of Helen, luminous guiding stars ; Dangerous to Truth are the fickle, Dangerous to Sparta the seas. Multitudes, backward ! Way for the Conqueror ; Way for the footstep half the world fled before; Nothing that Phcebus can shine on Needs so much space as Renown. II ! ift' : i' lii 32 I'AUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Behind the musicians came ten Spartans, selected from the celebrated three hundred who claimed the right to be stationed around the king in battle. Tall, stalwart, sheathed in armour, their shields slung at their backs, their crests of plumage or horsehair waving over their strong and stern features, these hardy warriors betrayed to the keen eye of Aristides the sullen discon- tent at the part assigned to them in the luxurious procession ; their brows were knit, their lips contracted, and each of them who caught the glance of the Athe- nians, turned his eyes, as half in shame, half hi anger, to the ground. Coming now upon the quay, opposite to the galley of Pausanias, from which was suspended a ladder of silken cords, the procession halted,* and oi)ening on either side, left space in the midst for the commander. " He comes," whispered Antagoras to Cimon. " By Hercules ! I pray you survey him well. Is it the conqueror of Mardonius, or the ghost of Mardonius himself?" The question of the Chian seemed not extravagant to the blunt son of Miltiades, as his eyes now rested on Pausanias. The pure Spartan race boasted, perhaps, the most superb models of masculine beauty which the land blessed by Apollo could afforti. The laws that regu- late marriage ensured a healthful and vigorous progeny. Gymnastic discipline from early boyhood gave ease to the limbs, iron to the muscle, grace to the whole frame. Every Spartan, being born to command, being '^M PAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. 83 noble by his birth, lord of the Laconians, Master of the Helots, superior in the eyes of Greece to all other Greeks, was at once a Republican and an Aristocrat. Schooled in the arts that compose the presence, and give calmness and majesty to the bearing, he combined with the mere physical advantages of activity and strength a conscious and yet natural dignity of mien. Amidst the Greeks assembled at the Olympian contests, others showed richer garments, more sumptuous chari- ots, rarer steeds, but no state could vie with Sparta in the the /s and sinews, the aspect and the majesty of the men. Nor were the royal race, the descendants of Hercules, in external ai)pearance unworthy of their countrymen and of their fabled origin. Sculptor and painter would have vainly tasked their imaginative minds to invent a nobler ideal for the effigies of a hero, than that which the Victor of Platsea offered to their inspiration. As he now paused amidst the group, he towered high above them all, even above Cimon himself. But in his stature there was nothing of the cumbrous bulk and stolid heaviness, which often destroy the beauty of vast strength. Severe and early training, long habits of rigid abstemiousness, the toils of war, and, more than all, perhaps, the constant play of a restless, anxious, aspiring temper, had left, undisfigured by superfluous flesh, the grand proportions of a frame, the very spareness of which had at once the strength and the beauty of one of those hardy victors in the wrestling or boxing matcli, whose agility and force are modelled by disci])line to the purest forms of grace. 84 PAUSANIAS, TMK SPARTAN. Without that exact and chiselled harmony of counten ance which characterized i)erhai)S the Ionic rather than the Doric race, the features of the royal Spartan were noble and commanding. His complexion was sun- burnt, almost to oriental swarthiness, and the raven's plume had no darker gloss than that of his long hair, which (contrary to Spartan custom), flowing on either side, mingled with the closer curls of the beard. To a scrutinizing gaze, the more dignified and })repossessing effect of this exterior would perhaps have been counter- balanced by an eye, bright indeed and penetrating, but restless and susi)icious, by a certain ineffable mixture of aiTOgant pride and j)rofound melancholy in the general expression of the countenance, ill according with that frank and serene aspect which best i.ecomes the face of one who worM lead mankind. About him altogether — the countenance, the form, the bearing — there was that which woke a vague, profound and singular interest, an interest somewhat mingled with awe, but not altogether UMcalculated to produce that affection which belongs to admiration, save when the sudden frown or disdainful lip repelled the gentler im- pulse and tended rather to excite fear, or to irritate pride, or to wound self-love. But if the form and features of Pausanias were eminently those of the purest race of Greece, the dress which he assumed was no less characteristic of the Barbarian. He wore, not the garb of the nol)le Persian race, which, close and simple, was but a little less manly than that of the Gre^^ks, but the flowing and I'AUSANIAS, THK SPAR I AN. 35 gorgeous garments of the Mcde. His long gown, which swci)t the earth, was covered with flowers wrought in golden tissue. Instead of the Spartan hat, the high Median cap or tiara crowned his i)erfumed and lustrous hair, while (what of all was most hateful to Grecian eyes) he wore, though otherwise unarmed, the curved scimitar and short dirk that were the national weapons of the Barbarian. And as it was not customary, nor indeed legitimate, for the Greeks to wear wea[)ons on peaceful occasions and with their ordinary costume, so this departure from the common practice had not only in itself something offensive to the jealous eyes of his comrades, but was rendered yet more obnoxious by the adoption of the very arms of the East. By the side of Pausanias was a man whose dark beard was already sown with grey. This man, named Gongylns, though a Greek — a native of Erctria, in Eub(jea — was in high command under the great Persian king. At the time of the barbarian invasion under Datis and Artaphernes, he had deserted the cause of Greece and had been rewarded with the lordship of four towns in y^olis. Few among the apostate Greeks were more deeply instructed in the language and manners of the Persians : and the intimate and sudden friendship that nad grown up between him and the Spartan was regarded by the Greeks with the most bitter and angry suspicion. As if to show his contempt for the natural jealousy of his countrymen, Pausanias, however, had just given to the Eretrian the govern- 36 I'AUSANIAS, rHK Sl'AKTAN. mcnt of liyzantium itself, and with the command of the dtadel had cntiusted to him the custody of the Persian prisoners captured in that port. Among these were men of the higliest rank and influence at the court of Xerxes ; and it was more than rumoured that of late Pausanias had visited and conferred with them, through the interpretation of Gongylus, far more frc- (picntly than became the general of the Oreeks. (ion- gylus had one of those countenances which are ob- served when many of more striking semblance are overlooked. But the features were sharp and the visage lean, the eyes vivid and sparkling as those of the lynx, and the dark pupil seemed yet more dark from the extreme whiteness of the ball, from which it lessened or dilated with the impulse of the spirit which gave it fire. There was in that eye all the su])tle craft, the plotting and restless malignity, which usually characterized those Greek renegades who prostituted their native energies to the rich service of the Bc?**- barian ; and the lips, narrow and thin, wore that evjr- lasting smile which to the credulous disguises wile, and to the experienced betrays it. Small, spare, and prema- turely bent, the Eretrian supported himself by a staff, upon which now leaning, he glanced, quickly and pryingly, around, till his eyes rested upon the Athenians, with the young Chian standing in their rear. " The Athenian Captains are here to do you homage, Pausanias," said he in a whisper, as he touched with his small lean fingers the arm of the Spartan. Pausanias turned and muttered to himself, and at that instant Aristides a])proached. I'AUbANIAS, THE SVARIAN. '67 ^' at •* If it please you, Pnusanias, Cimon and myself, the leaders of the Athenians, v/ould crave a hearing upon certain matters." "Son of Lysimachus, say on." " Your pardon, Pausanias," returned the Athenian, lowering his voice, and with a smile — "This is too crowded a council-hall ; may we attend you on board your galley ? " " Not so," answered the Spartan haughtily ; " the morning to affairs, the evening to recreation. We shall sail in the bay lo see the moon rise, and if we indulge in consultations, it will be over our winecups. It is a good custom." " It is a Persian one," said Cimon bluntly. " It is i)crmitted to us," returned the Si)artan coldly, "to borrow from those we concjuer. Ikit enough of this. I have no secrets with the Athenians. No matter if the whole city hear what you would address to Pausanias." " It is to complain," said Aristides with calm emi)hasis, but still in an undertone. " Ay, I doubt it not : the Athenians are eloquent in grumbling." " It was not found so at Platoea," returned Cimon. " Son of Miltiades," said Pausanias loftily, " your wit outruns your experience. But my time is short. To the matter ! " " If you will have it so, I will speak," said Aristides, raising his voice. " Before your own Spartans, our w {• '■ 1 ' 38 PAUSANIAS, THF, SPARTAN. comrades in arms, I proclaim our causes of complaint. Firstly, then, I demand release and compensation to seven Athenians, free-bom and citizens, whom your orders have condemned to the unworthy punishment of standing all day in the open sun with the weight of iron anchors on their shoulders." " The mutinous knaves ! " exclaimed the Spartan. " They introducea into the camp the insolence of their own agora, and were publicly heard in the streets in- veighing against myself as a favourer of the Persians." " It was easy to confute the charge; it was tyrannical to punish words in men whose deeds had raised you to the command of Greece." ' T/ieir deeds! Ye Gods, give me patience ! By the help of Juno the protectoress it was this brain and this arm that But I wlil not justify myself by imitating the Athenian fashion of wordy boasting. Pass on to your next complaint." " You have placed slaves — yes. Helots— around the springs, to drive away with scourges the soldiers that come for water." " Not so, but merely to prevent others from filling their vases until the Spartans are supplied." " And by what right ? " began Cimon, but Aris- tides checked him with a gesture, and proceeded. ^ " That precedence is not warranted by custom, nor by the terms of our alliance ; and the springs, O Pau- sanias, are bounteous enough to provide for all. I proceed. You have formally sentenced citizens and soldiers to the scourge. Nay, this very day you iiavc 4' ■^ PAUSANIAS, IHE SPARTAN. 39 j> nor Pau- I and extended the sentence to one in actual command amongst the Chians. Is it not so, Antagoras ? " "It is," said the young Chian, coming forward boldly; "and in the name of my countrymen I demand justice." "And I also, Ul lades of Samos," said a thickset and burly Greek who had joined the group unobserved, "/ demand justice. What, by the Gods ! Are we to be all equals in the day of battle ? " My good sir, march here ; ' and, ' My dear sir, just run into that breach ; ' and yet when we have won the victory and should share the glory, is one state, nay, one man to seize the whole, and deal out iron anchors and tough cowhides to his companions ? No, Spartans, this is not your view of the case ; you suffer in the eyes of Greece by this misconduct. To Sparta itself I appeal." " And what, most patient sir," said Pausanias, with calm sarcasm, though his eye shot fire, and the upper lip, on which no Spartan suffered the beard to grow, slightly quivered — " what is your contribution to the catalogue of complaints ? " "Jest not, Pausanias; you will find me in earnest," answered Uliades, doggedly, and encouraged by the evident effect that his eloquence had j^roduced upon the Spartans themselves. "I have met with a grievous wrong, and all Greece shall hear of it, if it be not re- dressed. My own brother, who ut Mycale slew four Persians with his own hand, headed a detachment for forage. He and his men were met by 2f company of mixed Laconians and Helots, their forage taken from 40 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. them, they themselves assaulted, and my brother, a man who has monies and maintains forty slaves of his own, struck thrice across the face by a rascally Helot. Now, Pausanias, your answer ! " " You have prepared a notable scene for the com- mander of your forces, son of Lysimachus," said the Spartan, addressing himself to Aristides. " Far be it from me to affect the Agamemnon, but your friends are less modest in imitating the venerable model of Ther- sites. Enough" (and changing the tone of his voice, the chief stamped his foot vehemently to the ground) : " we owe no account to our inferiors ; we render no explanation save to Sparta and her Ephors." " So be it, then," said Aristides, gravely : " we have our answer, and you will hear of ouv appeal." - Pausanias changed colour. " How ? " said he, with a slight hesitation in his tone. Mean you to threaten me — Me — with carrying the busy tales of your dis- affectation to the Spartan gL vernment ? " "Time will show. Farewell, Pausanias. We will detain you no longer from your pastime." " But," began Uliades. " Hush," said the Athenian, laying his hand on the Samian's shoulder. "We will confer anon." Pausanias paused a moment, irresolute and in thought. His eye^ glanced towards his own country- men, who true to their rigid discipline, neither spake nor moved, but whose countenances were sullen and overcast, aRd at that moment his pride was shaken, and his heart misgave him. Gongylus watched his ^■U. PAUSANIAS, IHE SPARTAN. 41 m countenance, and once more laying his hand on his arm, said in a whisper — " He who seeks to rule never goes back." " Tush, you know not the Spartans." " But I know Human Nature ; it is the same every- where. You cannot yield to this insolence; to-morrow, of your own accord, send for these men separately and pacify them." " You are right. Now to the vessel ! " With this, leaning on t^e shoulder of the Persian, and with a s^ght wave of his hand towards the Athe- nians — he did not deign even that gesture to the island officers — Pausanias advanced to the vessel, and slowly ascending, disappeared v/ithin his pavillion. The Spartans and the musicians followed ; then, spare and swarthy, some half score of Egyptian sailors ; last came a small party of Laconians and Helots, who, standing at some distance behind Pausanias, had not hitherto been observed. The former were but slightly armed ; the latter had forsaken their customary rude and savage garb, and wore long gowns and gay tunics, somewhat in the fashion of the Lydians. With these last there was one of a mien and aspect that strongly differed from the lowering and ferocious cast of countenance common to the Helot race. He was of the ordinary stature, and his frame was not character- ized by any appearance of unusual strength ; but he trod the earth with a firm step and an erect crest, as if the curse of the slave had not yet destroy^ the inborn dignity of the human being. There was a certain I I! it* im W 42 PAUSANIAS, THK SPARIAN. delicacy and refinement, rather of thought than beauty, in his clear, sharp, and singularly intelligent features. In contradistinction from the free-born Spartans, his hair was short, and curled close above a broad and manly forehead ; and his large eyes of dark blue look- ed full and bold upon the Athenians with something, if not of defiance, at least of pride in their gaze, as he stalked by them to the vessel " A sturdy fellow for a Helot," muttered Cimon. " And merits well his freedom," said the son of Lysi- machus. "I remember him well. He is Alcman, the foster-brother of Pausanias, whom he attended at Plataea. Not a Spartan that day bore himself more bravely." " No doubt they will put him to death when he goes back to Sparta," said Antagoras. " When a Helpt is brave, the Ephors clap the black mark against his name, and at the next crypteia he suddenly dis- appears." " Pausanias may share the same fate as his Helot, for all I care," quoth Uliades. "Well, Athenians, wh«t say you to the answer we have received?" " That Sparta shall hear of it," answered Aristides. " Ah, but is that all ? Recollect the lonians have the majority in the fleet ; let us not wait for the .low Ephors. Let us at once throw off this insufferable yoke, and proclaim Athens the Mistress of the Seas. What say you, Cimon ?" " Let Aristides answer." "Yonder lie the Athenian vessels," said Aristides. " Those who put themselves voluntarily under our pro- i ■*# PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 43 I tection we will not reject. But remember we assert no claim ; we yield but to the general wish." " Enough ; I understand you," sai'd Antagoras. " Not quite," returned the Athenian with a smile. "The breach between you and Pausanias is begun, but it is not yet wide enough. You yourselves must do that which will annul all power in the Spartan, and then if ye come to Athens ye will find her as bold against the Doric despot as against the Barbarian foe." " But speak more plainly. What would you have us do?" asked Uliades, rubbing his chin in great per- plexity. " Nay, nay, I have already said enough. Fare ye well, fellow-countrymen," and leaning lightly on the shoulder of Cimon, the Athenian passed on. Meanwhile, the splendid galley of Pausanias slowly put forth into the farther waters of the bay. The oats of the rowers broke the surface into countless phos- phoric sparkles, and the sound they made, as they dashed amidst the gentle waters, seemed to keep 'time with the song and the instruments on the deck. The lonians gazed in silence as the stately vessel, now shooting far ahead of the rest, swept into the centre of the bay. And the moon, just rising, shone full upon the glittering prow, and streaked the rippling billows over which it had bounded, with a light, as it were, of glory. Antagoras sighed. " VVhat think you of?" asked the rough Samian. S> \ u 11 It w 'I u PAUSANIAS, IHK SPARTAN. " Peace," replied Antagoras. " In this hour, when the fair face of Artemis recalls the old legends of Endymion, is it not permitted to man to remember that before the iron age came the golden, before war reigned love?" " Tush," said Uliades. " Time enough to think of love when we have satisfied vengeance. Let us sum- mon our friends, and hold council on the Spartan's insults." " Whither crqes now the Spartan?" murmured Anta- goras abstractedly, as he suffered his companion to lead him away. Then halting abruptly, he struck his clenched hand on his breast. "O Aphrodite!" he cried; "this night — this night I will seek thy temple. Hear my vows — soothe my jealousy!" " Ah," grunted Uliades, " if, as men say, thou lovest a fair Byzantine, Aphrodite will have sharp work to cure thee of jealousy, unless she first makes thee blind." Antagoras smiled faintly, and the two lonians moved on slowly and in silence. In a few minutes more the quays were deserted, and nothing but the blended murmur, spreading wide and indistinct throughout the camp, and a noiser but occasional burst of merriment from those resorts of obscener pleasure which were profusely scattered along the haven, mingled with the whispers of " the far resounding sea." i; PAUSANFAS, THE SPARTAN. 45 CHAPTER II. iil On a couch, beneatli his voluptuous awning, reclined Pausanias. The curtains, drawn aside, gave to view the moonlit ocean, and the dim shadows of the shore, with the dark woods beyond, relieved by the distant lights of the city. On one side of the Spartan was a small table, that supported goblets and vases of that exquisite wine which Maronea proffered to the thirst of the Byzantine, and those cooling and delicious fruits which the orchards around the city supplied as amply as the fabled gardens of the Hesperides, were heaped on the other side. Towards the foot of the couch, propped upon cushions piled on the floor, sat Gongylus, conversing in a low, earnest voice, and fixing his eyes steadfastly on the Spartan. The habits of the Eretrian's life, which had brought him in con- stant contact with the Persians, had infected his very language with the luxuriant extravagance of the East. And the thoughts he uttered made his language but too musical to the ears of the listening Spartan. "And fail as these climes may seem to you, and rich as are the gardens and granaries of Byzantium, yet to me who have stood on the terraces of Babylon and looked upon groves covering with blossom and fruit the very fortresses and walls of that queen of nations, — to me, who have roved amidst the vast ¥ ':m ; 46 PAUSANIAS, IHK SPAKIAN. m\ I delights of Susa, through [)aUu'cs whose very j)orti( oes might enclose the limits of a Grecian city, — who have stood, awed and dazzled, in the courts of that wonder of the world, that crown of the East, the marble magnificence of Persepolis — to me, Pausanias, who have been thus admitted into the very heart of Persian glories, this city of Byzantium appears but a village of artisans and fishermen. The very foliage of its forests, pale and sickly,* the very moonlight upon these waters, cold and smileless, ah, if thou couldst but see ! But pardon me, I weary thee?" " Not so," said the Spartan, who, raised upon his elbow, listened to the words of Gongylus with deep attention. " Proceed." " Ah, if thou couldst but see the fair regions which the great king has apportioned to thy countryman Demaratus. And if a domain, that would satiate the ambition f the most craving of your earlier tyrants, fall to Demaratus, what would be the splendid satrapy in which the conqueror of Platasa might plant his throne ?" " In truth, my renown and my power are greater than those ever possessed by Demaratus," said the Spartan musingly. " Yet,'' pursued Gongylus, " it is not so much the mere extent of the territories which the grateful Xerxes could proffer to the brave Pausanias — it is not their extent so much that might tempt desire, neither is it their stately forests, nor the fertile meadows, nor the ocean-like rivers, which the gods of the East have given I'AUSANFAS, IHK SPARIAN. 17 to the race of Cyrus. 'I'herc, free from the strange constraints which our austere customs and solemn Deities imj)ose upon the Greeks, the beneficent Or- niuzd scatters ever-varying delights upon the paths of men. All that art can invent, all that the marts of the universe can afford of the rare and voluptuous, are lavished upon abodes the splendour of which even our idle dreams of Olympus never shadowed forth. There, instead of the harsh and imi)erious helpmate to whom the joyless Si)artan confines his reluctant love, all the beauties of every clime contend for the smile of their lord. And wherever are turned the change-loving eyes of Passion, the Aphrodite of our poets, such as the Cytherean and the Cyprian fable, seems to recline on the lotus leaf, or to rise from the unruffled ocean of delight. Instead of the gloomy brows and the harsh tones of rivals envious of your fame, hosts of friends aspiring only to be followers will catch gladness from your smile or sorrow from your frown. There, no jarring contests with little men, who deem them- selves the equals of the great, no je as Ephor is found, to load the commonest acts of life with fetters of iron custom. Talk of liberty ! Liberty in Sparta is but one eternal servitude ; you c innot move, or eat, or sleep, save as the law directs. Your very children are wrested from you just in the age when their voices sound most sweet. Ye are not men ; ye are machines. Call you this liberty, Pausanias? I, a Greek, have known both Grecian liberty and Persian royalty. Bet- ter be chieftain to a king than servant to a mob! But 48 I'AUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. .< 1: in Krctria, at least, [)leasure was not denied. In Sparta the very Graces preside over discipline and war only." " Your fire falls upon flax," said Pausanias, rising, and with passionate emotion. "And if you, the Greek of a happier state, you who know but by report the unnatural bondage to which the Spartans are subjected, can weary of the very name of Greek, what must he the feelings of one who from the cradle upward has been starved out of the genial desires of life? Even in earliest youth, while yet all other lands and customs were unknown, when it was duly poured into my ears that to be born a Spartan constituted the glory and the bliss of earth, my soul sickened at the lesson, and my reason revolted against the lie. Often when my whole body was lacerated with stripes, dis- daining to groan, I yet yearned to strike, and I cursed my savage tutors who denied pleasure even to child- hood with all the madness of impotent revenge. My mother herself (sweet name elsewhere) had no kind- ness in her face. She was the pride of the matronage of Sparta, because of all our women Alithea was the most unsexed. When I went forth to my first crypteia, to watch, amidst the wintry dreariness of the moun- tains, upon the movements of the wretched Helots, to spy upon their sufferings, to take account of their groans, and if one more manly than the rest dared to mingle curses with his groans, to mark Mm for slaugh- ter, as a wolf that threatened danger to the fold ; to lurk, an assassin, about his home, to dog his walks, to fall on him unawares, to strike him from behind, to Wi 4 ■J PAUSANIAS, IHK SPAU'IAN. 40 to ;h- to to to I I •i^' fil( h awiiy his life, to bury him in the ravines, so that nuirdcr might leave no trace; when upon this initiating campaign, the virgin trials of our youth, I first set forth, my mother drew near, and girding me herself with my grandsire's sword, *Go forth,' she said, * as the young hound to the chase, to wind, to double, to leap on the prey, and to taste of blood. See, the sword is bright ; show me the stains at thy return.' " " Is it then true, as the Greeks generally declare," interrupted Gongylus, "that in these campaigns, or crypteias, the sole aim and object is the massacre of Helots?" " Not so," replied Pausanias ; " savage though the custom, it smells not so foully of the shambles. The avowed object is to harden the nerves of our youth. Barefooted, unattended, through cold and storm, per- forming ourselves the most menial offices necessary to life, we wander for a certain season daily and nightly through the rugged territories of Laconia.* We go as boys — we come back as men.f The avowed object, I say, is inurement to hardship, but with this is con- nected the secret end of keeping watch on these half- tamed and bull-like herds of men whom we call the Helots. If any be dangerous, we mark him for the knife. One of them had thrice been a ringleader in revolt. He was wary as well as fierce. He had es- * Plat. Leg. i. p. 633. See also MuUer's Dorians, vol. ii. p. 41- + Pueros puberes — neque prius in urbem redire cjuam viri facti essent. — Justin, iii. 3. 50 PAUSANIAS, THF, SPAKTAN. capod in tlirec succeeding crypteias. To me, as one of the Hcraclidai, was assigned the honour of tracking and destroying him. For three days and three nights I dogged his footsteps, (for he had caught the scent of the pursuers and fled,) through forest and defile, through valley and crag, stealthily and relentlessly. 1 followed him close. At last, one evening, having lost sight of all my comrades, I came suddenly upon him as I emerged from a wood. It was a broad patch of waste land, through which rushed a stream swollen by the rains, and plunging with a sullen roar down a deep and gloomy precipice, that to the right and left bounded the waste, the stream in front, the wood in the rear. He was reclining by the stream, at which, with the hollow of his hand, he quenched his thirst. I paused to gaze upon him, and as I did so he turned and saw me. He rose, and fixed his eyes on mine, and we examined each other in silence. The Helots are rarely of tall stature, but this was a giant. His dress, that of his tribe, of rude sheepskins, and his cap made from the hide of a dog increased the savage rudeness of his appearance. I rejoiced that he saw me, and that, as we were alone, I might fight him fairly. It would have been terrible to slay the wretch if I had caught him in his sleep." " Proceed," said Gongylus, with interest, for so little was known of Sparta by the rest of the Greeks, espe- cially outside the Peloponnesus, that these details grati- fied his natural spirit of gossiping in(iuisitiveness. " ' Stand ! " said I, and he moved not. 1 approach- PAUSANIAS, IHK SPAR'IAN. 51 ittle jrati- ach- c(l liiin slowly. 'Thou art a Spartan,' said he, in a deep and harsh voice, 'and thou comest for my blood. Go, boy, go, thou art not mellowed to thy prime, and thy comrades are far away. The shears of the Fatal deities hover over the thread not of my life, but of thine.' I was struck, Gongylus, by this address, for it was neither desperate nor dastardly, as I had antici- pated ; nevertheless, it beseemed not a Spartan to fly from a Helot, and I drew the sword which my mother had girded on. The Helot watched my movements, and seized a rude and knotty club that lay on the ground beside him. " ' Wretch,' said I, ' darest thou attack face to face a descendant of the Heraclidce ? In me behold Pau- sanias, the son of Cleombrotus.' " ' Be it so ; in the city one is the god-born, the oth'^r the man-enslaved. On the mountains we are equals.' " ' Knowest thou not,' said I, 'that if the Gods con- demned me to die by thy hand, not only thou, but thy whole house, thy wife and thy children, would be sacri- ficed to n^ ghost.' " ' The earth can hide the Spartan's bones as secret- ly as the Helot's,' answered my strange foe. ' Begone, young and unfleshed in slaughter as you are ; why make war upon me ? My death can give you neither gold nor glory. I have never harmed thee or thine. How much of the air and sun does this form take from ihc descendants of the Heraclidiie ? ' " ' Thrice hast thou raised revolt among the Helots, 52 PAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. I *. thrice at thy voice have they risen in bloody, though fruitless, strife against their masters.' " ' Not at my voice, but at that of the two deities who are the war-gods of slaves — Persecution and Despair.'* " Impatient i^f this parley, I tarried no longer. I sprang upon the Relot. He evaded my sword, and I soon found that all my agility and skill were requisite to save me from the massive weapon, one blow of which would have sufficed to crush me. But the Helot seemed to stand on the defensive, and continued to back towards the wood from which I had emerged. Fearful lest he wc/ald escape me, I pressed hard on his footsteps. My blood grew warm; my fury got the better of my prudence. My foot stumbled ; I recov- ered ' 1 an instant, and, looking up, beheld the terrible clvb suspended over my head ; it might have fallen, but the stroke of death was withheld. I misinter- preted the merciful delay ; the lifted arm left the body of my ene.iiy exposed. I struck him on the side ; the thick hide blunted the stroke, but it drew blood. Afraid to draw back within the reach of his weapon, I threw myself on him, and grap})led to his throat. We rolled on the earth together ; it was but a moment's strug^;le. Strong as I was even in boyhood, the Helot would have been a match for Alcides. A shade passed * When Themisiocles sought to extort tribute from the An- (Irian.s, he said, "I bring with me two powerful gods — Persua- sion and Force. " "And on our side," was the answer, "are two deities not less powerful — Poverty and Despair ! " M PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 53 over my eyes; my l)reath heaved short. 'J'he slave was kneeling on my breast, and, dropping the club, he drew a short knife from his girdle. I gazed upon him grim and mute. I was conquered, and I cared not for the rest. "The blood from his side, as he bent over me, trickled down upon my face. " ' And this blood,' said the Helot, ' you shed in the very moment when I spared your life; such is the honour of a Spartan. Do you not deserve to die?' " ' Yes, for I am subdued, and by a slave. Strike ! ' " ' There,' said the Helot in a melancholy and altered tone, ' there speaks the soul of the Dorian, the fatal spirit to which the Gods have rendered up our wretched race. We are doomed — doomed — and one victim will not expiate our curse. Rise, return to Sparta, and forget that thon art innocent of murder.' " He lifted his knee from my breast, and I rose, ashamed and humbled. " At that instant I heard the crashing of the leaves in the wood, for the air was exceedingly still. I knew that my companions were at hand. ' Fly,' I cried ; 'fly. If they come I cannot save thee, royal though I be. Fly.' "And wouldtst thou save me!' said the Helot in surprise. " ' Ay, with my own life. Canst thou doubt it ? Lose not a moment. Fly. Yet stay;' and I tore off a part of the woollen vest that I wore. ' IMace this at thy 54 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Ill side ; staunch the blood, that it may not track thee. Now begone ! ' " The Helot looked hard at me, and I thought there were tears in his rude eyes ; then catching up the club with as much ease as I this staff, he sped with incon- ceivable rapidity, despite his wound, towards the pre- cipice on the right, and disappeared amidst the thick brambles that clothed the gorge. In a few moments three of my companions approached. They found me cxhau: ted, and panting rather with excitement than fatigue. Their quick eyes detected the blood upon the ground. I gave them no time to pause and exam- ine. ' He has escaped me — he has fled,' I cried ; ' follow,' and I led them to the opposite part of the precipice from that which the Helot had taken. Head- ing the search, I pretended to catch a glimpse of the goatskin ever and anon through the trees, and I stayed not the pursuit till night grew dark, and I judged the victim was far awr.y." "And he escaped?" " He did. The crypteia ended. Three other Helots were slain, but not by me. We returned to Sparta, and my mother was comforted for my misfortune in not having slain my foe by seeing the stains on my grand- sire's sword. I will tell thee a secret, Gongylus" — (and here Pausanias lowered his voice and looked anxiously toward him) — "since that day I have not hated the Helot race. Nay, it may be that I have loved them better than the Dorian." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 55 " I do not wonder at it ; but has not your wounded giant yet met with his death?" " No, I never related what had passed between us to any one save my father. He was gentle for a Spartan, and he rested not till Gylippus — so was the Helot named — obtained exemption from the black list. He dared not, however, attribute his intercession to the true cause. It happened, fortunately, that Gylippus was related to my own foster-brother, Alcman, brother to my nurse; and Alcman is celebrated in Sparta, not only for courage in war, but for arts in peace. He is a poet, and his strains please the Dorian ear, for they are stern and simple, and they breathe of war. Alcman's merits won forgiveness for the offences of Gylippus. May the Gods be kind to his race !" "Yo, : Alcman seems one of no common intelli- gence, and youi gentleness to him does not astonish me, though it seems often to raise a frown on the brows of your Spartans." " We have lain on the same bosom," said Pausanias touchingly, " and his mother was kinder to me than my own. You must know that to those Helots who have been our foster-brothers, and whom we distin- guish by the name of Mothons, our stem law relaxes. They have no rights of citizenship, it is true, but they cease to be slaves ; * nay, sometimes they attain not only to entire emancipation, but to distinction. Alcman * The appelLition of Mothons was not confined to the Helots who claimed the connection of foster-brothers, but \vas given also to household slaves. 56 PAUSANIAS, THE SPAR'IAN. has bound his fate to mine. But to return, Gongyhis. I tell thee that it is not thy descriptions of pomp and dominion thai allure me, though I am not above the -love of power, neither is it thy glowing promises, though blood too wild for a Dorian runs riot in my veins; but it is my deep loathmg, my inexpressible disgust for Sparta and her laws, my horror at the thought of wear- ing away life in those sullen customs, amid that joyless round of tyrannic duties, in my rapture at the hope of escape, of life in a land which the eye of the Ephor never pierces; this it is, and this alone, O Persian, that makes me (the words must out) a traitor to my country, one who dreams of becoming a dependent on her foe." " Nay," said Gongylus eagerly ; for here Pausanias moved uneasily, and the colour mounted to his brow. " Nay, speak not of dependence. Consider the pro- posals that you can alone condescend to uffer to the great king. Can the conqueror of Platsea, with millions for his subjects, hold himself dependent even on the sovereign of the East ? How, hereafter, will the memories of our sterile Greece and your rocky Sparta fade from your mind ; or be remembered only as a state of thraldom and bondage, which your riper manhood has outgrown ! " "I will try to think so, ?t least," said Pausanias gloomily. "And, come what may, I am not one to recede. I have thrown my shield into a fearful peril ; but I will win it back or perish. Enough of this, Gongylus. Night advances. I will attend the appoint- .t PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 57 * n ment you have made. Take the boat, and within an liour I will meet you with the prisoners at the spot agreed on, near the Temple of Aphrodite. All things are prepared ? "' "All," said Gongyius, rising, with a gleam of malig- nant joy on his dark face. " I leave thee, kingly slave of the rocky Sparta, to prepare the way for thee, as Satrap of half the East." So saying he quitted the awning, and motioned three Egyptian sailors who lay on the deck without. A boat was lowered, and the sound of its oars woke Pau- sanias from the reverie into which the parting words of the Eretrian had plunged his mind. t I .'^ 58 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. CHAPTER III. With a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the outer deck. The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters. They were still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his view. A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were gazing listlessly on the waters. The Regent paused beside them. " Ye weary of the ocean, methinks," said he. "We Dorians have not the merchant tastes of the lonians. " * •' Son of Cleombrotus," said one of the group, a Spartan whose rank and services entitled him to more than ordinary familiarity with the chief, "it is not the ocea/l itself that we should dread, it is the contagion of those who, living on the element, seem to share in its ebb and flow. The lonians are never three hours in the same mind." " For that reason," said Pausanias, fixing his eyes steadfastly on the Spartan, "for that reason I have judged it advisable to adopt a rough manner with these innovators, to draw with a broad chalk the line betv/een them and the Spartans, and to teach those * No Spartan served as a sailor, or indeed condescended to any trade or calling, but that of war. 1 '• PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 59 1 ^ I t who never knew discipline the stern duties of obedi- ence. Think you I have done wisely ? " The Spartan, who had risen when* Pausanias address- ed him, drew his chief a little aside from the rest. " Fdusanias," said he, " the hard Naxian stone best tames und tempers the fine steel ; * but the steel may break if the workman be not skillful. These Athenians are growing insolent since Marathon, and their soft kindred of Asia have relighted the fires they took of old from the Cecropian Prytaneum. Their sail is more numerous than ours ; on the sea they find the courage they lose on land. Better be gentle with those way- ward allies, for the Spartan greyhound shows not his teeth but to bite." " Perhaps you are right. I will consider these things and appease the mutineers. But it goes hard with my pride, Thrasyllus, to make equals of this soft-tongued race. Why, these lonians, do they not enjoy them- selves in perpetual holidays? — spend days £^t the banquet ? — ransack earth and sea for dainties and for perfumes ? — and shall they be the equals of us men, who, from the age of seven to that of sixty, are wisely taught to make life so barren and toilsome, that we may well have no fear of death ? I hate these sleek and merry feast-givers ; they are a perpetual insult to our solemn existence." There was a strange mixture of irony and passion in the Spartan's voice as he thus spoke, and Thrasyllus looked at him in grave surprise. * I'iiiil. Tsth. V. (vi.) 73, 60 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. (i 'I There is nothing to envy in the woinanhke deljaii- cheries of the Ionian," said he after a pause. " Envy ! no ; ^o only hate them, I'lirasyllus. Yon Eretrian tells me rare things of the East. Time may come when we shall sup on the black broth in Susa." " The Gods forbid ! Sparta never invades. TJfe with us is too precious, for we are fe\v Pausanias, J would we were we" nuit of JJyzantium. I do not suspect you, not I ; !)Ut there arc those who look with ,xed eyes on those garments, and 1, who 1 ve you, fear the sharj) jealousies of the Ephors, to whose ears the birds carry all tidings." " My poor Thrasyllus," said Pausanias, laughing scornfully, "think ^ou that I wear these robes, or mimic the Median manners, for love of the Mede? No, no ! But there are arts which save countries "s well as those of war. This Gongylus is in the confi- dence of Xerxes. I desire to establish a peace for Greece upon everlasting foundations. Reflect; Persia hath millions yet left. Another invasion may find a different fortune ; and even at the best, S])arta gains nothing by these wars. Athens triumphs, not Ivace- dcemon. I would, I say, establish a peace with Persia. I would that Sparta, not Athens, should have that honour. Hence these flatteries to the Persian — trivial to us who render them, sweet and powerful to those who receive. Remember these words hereafter, if the Ephors make question of my discretion. And now, Thrasyllus, return to our friends, and satisfy them as to the conduct of Pausanias." if ■^s '■- ■» -^-■- jwttt m wm 'm t t PAUSANIAS, VHK SPARTAN. tU *l Quitting 'I'hrasyllus, the Regent now joined a young Spartan who stood alone by the prow in a musing attitude. " Lysander, my friend, my only friend, my best-loved Lysander," said Pausanias, placing his hand on the Spartan's shoulder. " And why so sad ? '"' " How many leagues are we from Sparta?" answered I^ysander mournfully. "Aad canst thou sigh for the black broth, my friend? Come, how often hast thou said, 'Where Pausanias is, ^/lere is Sparta ! ' " " Forgive me, I am ungrateful," said Lysander with warmth. " My benefactor, my guardi^m, my hero, for- give me if I have added to your own countless causes of anxiety. Wherever you are there is life, and there glory. When I was just born, sickly and feeble, I was exposed on Taygetus. You, then a boy, heard my faint cry, and took on me that compassion which my parents had forsworn. You bore me to your father*s roof, you interceded for my life. You prevailed even on your stern mother. I was saved; and the Gods smiled upon the infant whom the son of tht humane Hercules protected. I grew up strong and hardy, and belied the signs of my birth. My parents then owned me ; but still you were my fosterer, my saviour^ my more than father. As I gre-,/ up, placed under your care, I imbibed my first lessons of war. By your side I fought, and from your example I won glory. Yes, Pausanias, even here, amidst luxuries which revolt me more than the Parthian bow and the Persian sword. <{2 PAUSANIAS, IHl<, SPAKlAN. I'l even amidst the faces of the stranger, I still feel thy presence my home, thyself my Sparta." The proud Pausanias was touched, and his voice trembled as he replied, " Brother in arms and in love, whatever service fate may have allowed me to render unto thee, thy high nature and thy cheering affectioTi have more than paid me back. Often in our lonely ram- bles amidst the dark oaks of the sacred Scotitas,* or by the wayward waters of Tiasa,t when T have poured into thy faithful breast my impatient loathing, my ineffable distaste for the iron life, the countless and wearisome tyrannies of custom which surround the Spartans, often have I found a consoling refuge in thy divine content- ment, thy cheerful wisdom. Thou lovest Sparta; why is she not worthier of thy love? Allowed only to be half men, in war we are demigods, in peace slaves. Thou wouldst interrupt me. 13e silent. I am in a wilful mood ; thou canst not com})rehend me, and I often marvel at thee. Still we are friends, such friends as the Dorian discipline, which makes friendship necessary in order to endure life, alone can form. Come, take up thy staff and mantle. Thou shalt be my com- panion ashore. I seek one whom alone in the world I love better than thee. To-mornnv to stern duties once moic Mcman shall row us across the bay, and as we glide along, if thou wilt praise Sparta, 1 will listen to thee as the Tonians listen to th.i c. xviii. i PAUSANIAS, THE Sl'ARlAN. (J3 darted towards the same part of the bay as that to wliich the one that bore Gongykis had directed its t ourse. Thrasyllus and his companions watched the boat that bore I'aiisanias and his two comrades, as it bounded, arrow-Hke, over the glassy sea. "Whither goes Pausanias?" asked one of the Spartans. " Back to Byzantium on business," replied Thrasyl- lus. " And we?" " Are to cruise in the bay till his return." " Pausanias is changed." " Sparta will restore him to what he was. Nothing thrives out of Sparta. Even man spoils." " True, :.ieep is the sole constant friend, the same in all climatos." ni PATSANIAS, I III-, SI'ARIAN. \ { I I CllAPTKK IV. On the shore to the riglU oftlie port of r>y/anliuin were at that time tliickly scattered the villas or siirhur- ban retreats of the wealthier and more luxurious citi- zens. Byzantium was tjriginally colonized by the Megarians, a 1 )orian race kindred with that of Sparta ; and the old features of the pure and anticjue Hellas were still preserved in the dialect,* as well as in the forms of the decendants of the colonists; in their favour- ite deities, and rites, and traditions ; even in the names of places, transferred from the sterile Megara to that fertile coast ; in the rigid and helot- like slavery to which the native Bithynians were subjected, and in the attachment of their masters to the oligarchic principles of government. Nor was it till long after the i)resent date, that democracy in its most corrupt and licentious form was introduced amongst them. But like all ihe Dorian colonies, when once they departed from the severe and masculine mode of life inherited from their ancestors, the reaction w\as rapid, the degeneracy com- plete. FA'cn then the Byzantines, intermingled with the foreign merchants and traders that thronged their haven, and womanized by the soft contagion of the * " The Byzantine dialect was in the time of Philip, as we know from the decree in Demosthenes, rich in I^)risms." — Muller on the Doric Dialect. FAIJSANIAS, IHK SI'ARIAN. (15 Kast, were voluptuous, tinu'd, and prone to every excess save that of valour. The higher class were exceedingly wealthy, and gave to their vices or their pleasures a splendour and refinement of which the eld'jr states of (Ireece were as yet unconscious. At a later period, indeed, we are informed that the Byzan- tine citizens had their habitual residence in the i)ublic hostels, and let their houses — not even taking the trouble to remove their wives — to the strangers who crowded their gay capital. And when their general found it necessary to demand their aid on the ramparts, he could only secure their attendance by ordering the taverns and cookshops to be removed to the place of duty. Not yet so far sunk in sloth and debauch, the Byzantines were nevertheless hosts eminently danger- ous to the austerer manners of their Greek visitors. I'he people, the women, the delicious wine, the balm of the subduing climate served to tempt the senses and relax the mind. Like all the Dorians when freed from primitive restraint, the higher class, that is, the descendants of the colonists, were in themselves an agreeable jovial race. They had that strong bias to humour, to jest, to satire, which in their ancestral Megara gave birth to the Grecian comedy, and which lurked even beneath the pithy aphorisms and rude merry-makings of the severe Spartan. Such were the people with whom of late Pausanias had familiarly mixed, and with whose manners he contrasted, far too favourably for his honour and his peace, the habits of his countrymen. E i I 66 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ' hi I I It was in one of the villas we have described, the favourite abode of the rich Diagoras, and in an apart- ment connected with those more private recesses of the house appropriated to the females, that two persons were seated by a window which commanded a wide view of the glittering sea below. One of these was an old man in ^ long robe that reached to his feet, with a bald head and a beard in which some dark hairs yet withstood ihe encroachments of the grey. In his well- cut features and large eyes were remains of the beauty that characterised his race ; but the mouth was full and wide, the forehead low though broad, the cheeks swollen, the chin double, and the whole form corpulent and unwieldy. Still there was a jolly, sleek good humour about the a?; 'ict of the man that prepossessed you in his favour. This personage, who was no less than Diagoras himself, was reclining lazily upon a kind of narrow sofa cunningly inlaid with ivory, and study- ing new combinations in that scientific game which Palamedes is said to have invented at the siege of Troy. His companion was of a very different appearance. She was a girl who to the eye of a northern stranger might have seemed about eighteen, though she was probably much younger, of a countenance so remark- able for intelligence that it was easy to see that her mind had outgrown her years. Beautiful she certainly was, yet scarcely of that beauty from which the Greek sculptor would have drawn his models. The features were not strictly regular, and yet so harmoniousl)' did PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 67 of each blend with each, that to have amended one would have spoilt the whole. There was in the fulness and depth of the large but genial eye, with its sweep- ing fringe, and straight, slightly chiselled brow, more of Asia than of Greece. The lips, of the freshest red, were somewhpt full and pouting, and dimples without number lay scattered round them — lurking places for the loves. Her complexion was clear though dark, and the purest and most virgin bloom mantled, now paler now richer, through the soft surface. At the time we speak of she was leaning against the open door with her arms crossed on her bosom, and her face turned towards the Byzantine. Her robe of a deep yellow, so trying to the fair women of the North, became well the glowing colours of her beauty — the damask cheek, the purple hair. Like those of the lonians, the sleeves of the robe, long and loose, descended to her hands, which were marvellously small and delicate. Long earrings, which terminated in a kind of berry, studded with precious stones, then common only with the women of the East ; a broad collar, or necklace, of the smaragdus or emerald; and large clasps, medallion-like, where the swan-like throat joined the graceful shoulder, gave to her dress an appearance of opulence and splendour that betokened how much the ladies of Byzantium had borrowed from the fashions of the Oriental world. Nothing could exceed the lightness of her form, rounded it is true, but slight and girlish, and the high instep, with the slender foot, so well set off by the embroidered sandal, would have suited such nl 68 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ;i 5 u !| dances as those in which the huntress nymphs of Delos m. ved around Diana. The natural expression of her face, if countenance so mobile and changeful had one expression more predominant than another, appeared to be irresistibly arch and joyous, as of one full of youth and conscious t)f her beauty ; yet, if a cloud came over the face, nothing could equal the thoughtful and deep sadness of the dark abstracted eyes, as if some touch of higher and more animated emotion — such as belongs to pride, or courage, or intellect — vibrated on the heart. The colour rose, the form dilated, the lip quivered, the eye flashed light, and the mirthful expression heightened almost into the sublime. Yet, lovely as Cleonice was deemed at Byzantium, love- lier still as she would have appeared in modern eyes, she failed in what the Greeks generally, but especially the Spartans, deemed an essential of beauty — in height of stature. Accustomed to look upon the virgin but as the future mother of a race of warriors, the Spartans saw beauty only in those proportions which promised a robust and stately progeny, and the reader may remember the well-known story of the opprobrious re- proaches, even, it is said, accompanied with stripes, which the Ephors addressed to a Spartan king for pre- suming to make choice of a wife below the ordinary stature. Cleonice was small and delicate, rather like the Peri of the Persian than the sturdy Grace of the Dorian. But her beauty was her least charm. She had all that feminine fascination of manner, wayward, varying, in- expressible, yet irresistible, which seizes hold of the r PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 69 imagination as well as the senses, and which has so often made willing slaves of the proud rulers of the world. In fact Cleonice, the daughter of Diagoras, had enjoyed those advantages of womanly education wholly unknown at that time to the freeborn ladies of Greece proper, but which gave 'to the women of some of the isles and Ionian cities their celebrity in ancient story. Her mother was of Miletus, famed for *"ie intellectual cultivation of the sex, no less than for their beauty — of Miletus, the birthplace of Aspasia — of Mitetus, from which those remarkable women who, under the name of Hetaer^e, exercised afterwards so signal an influence over the mind and manners of x\thens, chiefly derived their origin, and who seem to have inspired an affection, which in depth, constancy, and fervour approached to the more chivalrous passion of the North. Such an education consisted not only in the feminine and household arts honoured universally tliroughout Greece, but in a kind of spontaneous and luxuriant cultivation of all that captivates the fancy and enliv^ens the leisure. It there were something pedantic in their affectation of philosophy, it was so graced and vivified by a brilliancy of conversation, a charm of manner carried almost to a science, a womanly facility of softening all that comes within their circle, of suiting yet refining each complexity and discord of character admitted to their intercourse, that it had at least nothing masculine or harsh. Wisdom, taken lightly or easily, seemed l)iit another shajje of poetry. 'The matrons of Athens, who could often 70 THE SPARTAN. neither read nor write — ignorant, vain, tawdry, and not always faithful, if we may trust to such scandal as has reached the modern time — must have seemed insipid beside these brilliant strangers ; and while certainly wanting their power to retain love, must have had but a doubtful superiority m the qualifications that ensure esteem. But we are not to suppose that the Hetaerae (that mysterious and important class peculiar to a certain state of society, and whose appellation we cannot render by any proper word in modern language) monopolized all the graces of their countrywomen. ' In the same cities were many of unblemished virtue and repute who possessed e(jual cultivation and attraction, but whom a more decorous lite has concealed from the equivocal admiration of posterity ; though the numer- ous female disciples of Pythagoras throw some light on their capacity and intellect. Among such as these had been the mother of Cleonice, not long since dead, and her daughter inherited and equalled her accomplish- ments, while her virgin youth, her inborn playfulness of manner, her pure guilelessness, which the secluded habits of the unmarried w omen at Byzantium preserved from all contagion, gave to qualities and gifts so little published abroad, the effect as it were of a happy and wondrous inspiration rather than of elaborate culture. Such was the fair creature whom Diagoras, looking up from his pastime, thus addressed : — " And so, perverse one, thou canst not love this great hero, a proper person truly, and a mighty warrior, who will eat you an army of Persians at a meal PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 71 -■0 I These Spartan fighting-cocks want no garlic, I warrant you.* And yet you can't love him, you little rogue." "Why, my father," said Cleonice, with an arch smile, and a slight blush, " even if I did look kindly on Pausanias, would it not be to my own sorrow? What Spartan — above all, what royal Spartan — m.ay marry with a foreigner, and a Byzantine ?" " I did not precisely talk of marriage — a vrry happy state, doubtless, to those who dislike too quiet a life, and a very honourable one, for war is honour itself; but I did not speak of that, Cleonice. I would only say that this man of might loves thee — that he is rich, rich, rich. Pretty pickings at Pla'tsea ; and we have known losses, my child, sad losses. And if you do not love him, why you can but smile and talk as if you did, and when ;he Spartan goes home, you will lose a tor- m^.ator ar:d gain a dowry." '• My father, for shame ! '' " Who talks of shame. You women are always so sharp at finding oracles in oak leaves, that one don't wonder Apollo makes choice of your sex for his priests. But listen to me girl, seriously," and here Diagoras with a great effort raised himself on his elbow, and lowering his voice, spoke with evident ear- nestness. " Pausanias has life and death, and what is worse, wealth or poverty in his hands ; he can raise or * ** Fighting-cocks were fed with garlic, to make them more fierce. The learned reader will remember how Theorus advised DicKoplis to keep clear of the Thracians with garlic in their mouths. — See the Acharnians of Aristoph. 1 1 72 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ruin us with a nod of his head, this black-curled Jupi- ter. They tell me that he is fierce, irascible, haughty; and what slighted lover is not revengeful ? For my sake, Cleonice, for your poor father's sake, show no scorn, no repugnance ; be gentle, play with him, draw not down the thunaerbolt, even if you turn from the golden shower." While Diagoras spoke, the girl listened with down- cast eyes and flushed cheeks, and there was an expres- sion of such shame and sadness on her countenance, that even the Byzantine, pausing and looking up for a reply, was startled by it. " My child," said he, hesitatingly and absorbed, "do hot misconceive me. Cursed be the hour when the Spartan saw thee ; but since the Fates have so served us, let us not make bad worse. 1 love thee, Cleonice, more dearly than the apple of my eye ; it is for thee I fear, for thee I speak. Alas ! it is not dishonour I recommend, it is force I would shun." " Force ! ' said the girl, drawing up her form with sudden animation. " Fear not that. It is not Pausa- nias I dread, it is " '• What then ? " " No matter ; talk of this no more. Shall 1 sing to thee ? " " But Pausanias will visit us this very night." " I know it. Hark ! " and with her finger to her lip, her ear bent downward, her cheek varying from pale to red, from red to pale, the maiden stole beyond the window to a kind of jjlatform or terrace that overhung I'AUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. 73 to i * the sea. There, the faint breeze stirring her long hair, and the moonlight full upon her face, she stood, as stood that immortal priestess who looked along the starry Hellespont for the young Leander ; and her ear had not deceived her. The oars were dashing in the waves below, and dark and rapid the boat bounded on towards the rocky shore. She gazed long and steadfastly on the dim and shadowy forms which that slender raft contained, and her eye detected amongst the three the loftier form of her haughty wooer. Presently the thick foliage that clothed the descent shut the boat, nearing the strand, from her view ; but she now heard below, mellowed and softened in the still and fragrant air, the sound of the cithara and the melodious song of the Mothon, thus imperfectly rendered from the language of inmiortal melody. SONG. Carry a sword in the myrtle bqugh, Ye who would honour the tyrant-slayer ; I, in the leaves of the myrtle bough, Carry a tyrant to slay myself. I pluck'd the branch with a hasty hand, But Love was lurking amidst the leaves ; His bow is bent and his shaft is poised, And I must perish or pass the bough. Maiden, I come with a gift to thee, Maiden, I come with a riyrtle wreath ; Over thy forehead, or round thy breast Bind, I implore thee, my myrtle wre?.th.* * Garlands were twined round the neck, or placed upon the bosom {vTCoOimiadi-i). See the quotations from Alcaeus, Sappho, and Anacrcon in Aihenieus, book xiii. c. 17. V II ! 74 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. From hand to hand by the bantjuet lights On with the myrtle bough passes song : From hand to hand by the silent stars What with the myrtle wreath passes ? Love. I bear the god in a myrtle wre-^th, Undc- He stars let Mr p.i;s u. vi>€v , Empty his quiver and bind his «■ . "' . Then pass the myrtle wreath oaci. jac. Cleonice listened breathlessly to the words, and sighed heavily as they ceased. Then, as the foliage rustled below, she turned quickly into the chamber and seated herself at a little distance from Diagoras ; to all appearance calm, indifferent and composed. Was it nature, or the arts of Miletus, that taught the young beauty the hereditary artifices of the sex ? " So it is he, then ? " said Diagoras with a fidgety and nervous trepidation. " Well, he chooses strange hours to visit us. But he is right; his visits cannot be too private. Cleonice, you look provokingly at your ease." Cleonice made no reply, but shifted her position so that the light from the lamp did not fall upon her face, while her father, hurrying to the threshold of his hall to receive his illustrious visitor, soon re-appeared with the Spartan Regent, talking as he entered with the volubility of one of the parasites of Alciphron and Athengeus. "This is most kind, most affable. Cleonice said you would come, Pausanias, though I began to distrust you. The hours seem long to those who expect plea- sure, » PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 75 1'- "And. Coo.iice, you k.iew that I should come," said Pausr^as, approaching the fair By:iantine ; but his step wi timid, and there was no pride now in his arixious eye and bendei b' a\. ■ " You said you would come to-night," said Cleonice, calmly, "and Spartans, according to proverbs, speak the truth." " When it is to their advantage, yes,"* said Pausa- nias, with a slight curl of his lips ; and, as if the girl's compliment to his countrymen had roused his spleen and changed his thoughts, he seated himself moodily by CIcoi ice, and remained silent. The Lyzantine .^.tole an arch glance at the Spartan, as he thus sat, from the corner of her eyes, and said, after a pause — " You Spartans ought to speak the truth more than other people, * you say much less. We too have our proverb at Byzantium, and one which implies that it requires some wit to tell fibs." •'Child, child !" exclaimed Diagoras, holding up his hand reprovingly, and directing a terrified look at the Spartan. To his great relief, Pausanias smiled, and replied — " Fair maiden, we Dorians are said to have a wit peculiar to ourselves, but I confess that it is of a * .So said Thucydides of the Spartans, many years afterwards, ' ' They give evidence of honour among themselves, but with respect to others, they consider honourable whatever pleases them, and just whatever is to their advantage." — See Thucyd. lib. v. M. 76 PAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. , M 'i 'B I: nature thai is but little attractive to your sex. The Athenians are blander wooers. " Do you ever attempt to woo in Lacedremon, then? Ah, but the maidens there, perhaps, are not difficult to please." " The girl puts me in a cold sweat ! " muttered Di- agoras, wiping his brow. And this time Pausanias did not smile ; he coloured, and answered gravely — ** And is it, then, a vain hope for a Spartan to please a Byzantine ? " "You puzzle mc. That is an enigma; put it to the oracle." The Spartan raised his eyes towards Cleonice, and, as she saw the infjuiring, perplexed look that his fea- tures assumed, the ruby lips broke into so wicked a smile, and the eyes that met his had so much laughter in them, that Pausanias was fairly bewitched out of his own displeasure. " Ah, cruel one ! " said he, lowering his voice, " I am not so proud of being S})artan that the thought should console me for thy mockery." " Not proud of being Spartan! say not so," exclaim ed Cleonice. " Who ever speaks of Greece and places not Sparta at her head ? Who ever speaks of freedom and forgets Thermopyl?e ? Who ever burns for glory, and sighs not for the fame of Pausanias and Plat?ea ? Ah, yes, even in jest say not that you are not proud to be a Spartan ! " " The little fool 1 '' cried Diagoras, chuckling and «" ' PAUSANIAS, riCF, SPAUIAN. 77 The ■m 4 • mightily deHghted ; " she is (luite mad about Sparta — no wonder ! " Pausanias, surprised and moved by the burst of the fair Byzantine, gazed at her admiringly, and thought within himself how harshly t+ie same sentiment would have sounded on the li[)s of a tall Spartan virgin ; but when Cleonice heard the approving interlocution of Diagoras, her enthusiasm vanished from her face, and putting out her lips poutingly, she said, " Nay, father, I repeat only what (Jthers say of the Spartans. They are admirable heroes ; but from the little 1 have seen, they are " "What?" said Pausanias eagerly, and leaning nearer to Cleonice. *' Proud, dictatorial, and stern as companions." Pausanias once more drew back. '' There it is again ! " groaned Diagoras. " I feel exactly as if I were playing at odd and even with a lion ; she does it to vex me. I shall retaliate and creep away." "Cleonice," said Pausanias, with suppressed emo- tion, "you trifle with me, and I bear it." " You are condescending. How would you avenge yourself?" "How?" " You would not beat me ; you would not make me bear an anchor on the shoulders, as they say you do your soldiers. Shame on you I you bear with me ! true, what help for you ? " " Maiden," said the Spartan, risin-j^ in great anger, 78 FAUiiANIAS, HIE SPARTAN. >. '* for him wlio loves and is slighted there is a revenge you have not mentioned." '* For him who /o7'i's / No, Spartan ; for him who shuns disgrace and courts the fame dear to gods and men, there is no revenge upon women. Hlush for your threat." " You madden, but subdue me," said the Spartan as he turned away. He then first perceived tliat l)ia- goras had gone — that they were alone. His contempt for tlie father awoke suspicion of the daughter. Again he approached ".nd said, " Cleonice, 1 know but little of the fables of poets, yet is it an old maxim often sung and ever belied, that love scorned becomes hate. There are moments when I think I hate thee." " And yet thou hast never loved me," said Cleonice; and there was something soft and tender in the tone of her voice, and the rough Spartan was again sub- dued. " I never loved thee ! What, then, is love ? Is not thine image always before me? — amidst schemes, amidst perils of which thy very dreams have never pre- sented equal perplexity or phantoms so uncertain, I am occupied but with thee. Surely, as upon the hya- cinth is written the exclamation of woe, so on this heart is graven thy name. Cleonice, you who know not what it is to love, you affect to deny or to question mine." " And what," said Cleoniee, blushing deeply, and with tears in her eyes, " what result can come from such a love? You may not wed with the stranger. n ), I'AUSANIAS, THE SPAKIAN. 19 And yet, Pausanias, yet you know tliat all other love dishonours the virgin even of Byzantium. V'ou are silent ; you turn away. Ah, do not let them wrong you. My lather fears your power. If you love me you are powerless ; your power has passed to me. Is it not so ? I, a weak girl, can rule, command, irritate, mock you, if I will. You may fly me, but not control." " Do not tempt me too far, Cleonice," said the Spar- tan, with a faint smile. " Nay, I will be merciful, henceforth, and you, Pau- sanias, come here no more. Awake to the true sense of what is due to your divine ancestry — your great name. Is it not told of you that, after the fall of Mar- don ius, you nobly dismissed to her country, unscathed and honoured, the captive Cuun lady ? * Will you reverse at Byzantium the fame acquired at Platsea? Pausanias, spare us ; appeal not to my father's fear, still less to his love of gold." '' I cannot, I cannot fly thee," said the Spartan, with great emotion. " You know not how stormy, how inexorable are the passions which burst forth after a whole youth of restraint. When nature breaks the barriers, she rushes headlong on her course. I am no gentle wooer ; where in Sp.. rta should I learn the art ? But, if I love thee not as these mincing lonians, who come with offerings of flowers and song, I do love thee with all that fervour of which the old Dorian legends tell. 1 could brave, like the Thracian, the dark gate * Herod, ix. m PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. of Hades, were thy embrace my reward. Command me as thou wilt — make me thy slave in all things, even as Hercules was to Omphale ; but tell me only that I may win thy love at last. Fear not. Why fear me ? in my wildest moments a look from thee can control me. I ask but love for love. Without thy love thy beauty were valueless. Bid me not despair." Cleonice turned i)ale, and the large tears that had gathered in )ier eyes fell slowly down her cheeks ; but she did not withdraw her hand from his clasp, or avert her countenance from his eyes. " I do i. '. fear thee," said she, in a very low voice. '• I told my father so; but — but — " ^and here she drew back her hand and averted her face), " I fear myself.' " Ah, no, no," cried the delighted Spartan, detaining her, " do not lear to trust to thine own heart. Talk not of dishonour. . There are " (and here the Spartan drew himself up, and his voice took a deeper swell) — " there are those on earth who hold themselves above the miserable judgments of the vulgar herd — who can emancipate themselves from those galling chains of custom and of countiy which helotize affection, genius, nature herself What is dishonour here may be glory elsewhere ; and this hand, outstretched towards a mightier sceptre than (ireek ever wielded yet, may dispense, not shame and sorrow, but glory and golden affluence to those I love." " You amaze me, Pausanias. Mm' 1 fear you. What mean these mysterious boasts ? Have you the dark ambition to restore in your own person that race • PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 81 had but of tyrants whom your country hath helped to sweep away ? Can you hope to change the laws of Sparta, and reign there, your will the state ? " '' Cleonice, we touch upon matters that should not disturb the ears of women. Forgive me if I have been roused from myself." "At Miletus — so have I heard my mother say — there were women worthy to be the confidants of men." "But they were women who loved. Cleonice, I should rejoice in an hour when I might pour every thought into thy bosom." At this moment there was heard on the strand below a single note from the Mothon's instrument, low, but prolonged ; it ceased, and was again renewed. The royal conspirator started and breathed hard. '' It is the signal," he muttered ; " they wait me. Cleonice," he said aloud, and with much earnestness in his voice, " I had hoped, ere we i)arted, to have drawn from your lips those assurances which would give me energy for the jjresent and hope in the future. Ah, turn not from me because my speech is plain and my manner rugged. What, Cleonice, what if I could defy the laws of Sjiarta; what if, instead of that gloomy soil, I could bear thee to lands where heaven and man alike smile beningant on love? Might 1 not hope, then?" " Do nothing to sully your fame." " Is it, then, dear to thee ? " " It is a part of thee." said Cleonice, falteringly ; and L ' I 82 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ': ' ' as if she had said too much, she covered her face with her hands. Emboldened by this emotion, the Spartan gave way to his passion and his joy. He clasped her in his arms — his first embrace — and kissed, with wild fervour, the crimsoned forehead, the veiling hands. Then, as he tore himself away, he cast his right arm aloft. " O Hercules 1 " he cried, in solemn and kindling adjuration, " my ancester, and my divine guardian, it was not by confining thy labors to one spot of earth, that thou wert borne from thy throne of fire to the seats of the Gods. Like thee I will spread the influ- ence of my arms to nations whose glory shall be my name ; and as thy sons, my fathers, expelled from Sparta, retun.ed thither with sword and spear to defeat usurpers and to found the long dynasty of the Hera- cleids, even so may it be mine to visit that dread abode of torturers and spies, and to build up in the halls of the Atrid?e a power worthier of the lineage of the demi- god. Again the signal ! Fear not, Cleonice, I will not tarnish my fame, but I will exchange the envy of abhorring rivals for the obedience of a world. One kiss more ! Farewell ! " Ere Cleonice recovered herself, Pausanias was gone, his wild and uncomprehended boasts still ringing in her ear. She sighed heavily, and turned towards the o])ening that admitted to the terraces. There she stood watching for the parting of her lover's boat. It was midnight ; the air, laden with the perfumes of a thousand fragrant shrubs and flowers that l)looni along »v 11 PAUSANIAS, THE SIArrPAN. 83 ^^ that coast in the rich luxuriance of nature, was hushed and breathless. In its stillness every sound was audi- ble, the rustling of a leaf, the ripple of a wave. She heard the murmur of whispered voices below, and in a few moments she recognized, emerging from the foli- age, the form of Pausanias, but he was not alone. Who were his companions? In the deep lustre of that shining and si^Iendid atmosphere she could see sufficient of the outhne of their figures to observe that they were not dressed in the Grecian garb ; their long robes betrayed the Persian. They seemed conversing familiarly and eagerly as they passed along the smooth sands, till a curve in the woocied shore hid them from her view. " Why do I love him so," said the girl mechanically, " and yet wrestle against that love ? Dark forebodings tell me that Aphrodite smiles not on our vows. Woe is me ! What will be the end ? " 84 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. CHAPTER V. On quitting Cleonice, Pausanias hastily traversed the long passage that communicated with ri square peristyle or colonnade, which again led, on the one hand, to the more public parts of the villa, and, on the other, through a small door left ajar, conducted by a back entrance, to the garden and the sea-shore. Pursuing the latter path, the Spartan bounded down the descent and came upon an opening in the foliage, in which l.ysander was seated beside the boat that had been drawn partially on the strand. " Alone ? Where is Alcman ? " " Yonder ; you heard his signal ? " " I heard it." '' Pausanias, they who seek you are Persians. Be- ware ! " " Of what ? murder ? I am warned." " Murder to your good name. There are no arms against appearances." " But I may trust thee ? " said the Regent, quickly, " and of Alcman's faith I am convinced." " Why trusi: to p;\v man what it were wis'^lom to re- veal to the whole Grrim ^Duncil? To parley secretly with the foe is haii r. treason to our friends." " Lysander," rc] w- tPPaiyaina^;, roldly, "you have h PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 85 ^ly, much to learn before you can be wholly Spartan. Tarry here yet awhile." " What shall I do with this boy ?" muttered the con- spirator as he strode on. " I know that he will not betray me, yet can I hope for his aid ? I love him so well that I would fain he share my fortunes. Perhaps l)y little and little I may lead him on. Meanwhile, his race and his name are so well accredited in Sparta, his father himself an Ephor, that his presence allays suspicion. Well, here are my Persians." A little apart from the Mothon, who, resting his cithara on a fragrant of rock, appeared to be absorbed in reflection, stood the men of the East. There were two of them ; one of tall stature and noble presence, in the prime of life ; the other more advanced in years, of a coarser make, a yet darker complexion, and of a sullen and gloomy countenance. They were not dressed alike ; the taller, a Persian of pure blood, wore a short tunic that reached only to the knees : and the dress fitted to his shape without a single fold. On his round cap or bonnet glittered a string of those rare pearls, especially and immemorially prized in the East, which formed the favourite and characteristic ornament of the illustrious tribe of the Pasargadce. The other who was a Mede, differed scarcely in his dress from Pausar ias himself, except that he was profusely covered with ornaments ; his arms were decorated with bracelets, he wore earrings, and a broad collar of unpolished stones in a kind of a filagree was suspended from his throat. Behind the Orientals stood Gongylus, leaning both 86 I'AUSANIAS, rHK SPARTAN. l! h liands on has staff, and watching the approach of Pausanias with the same icy smile and gHttering eye with which he listened to the i)assionate invectives or flattered the dark ambition of the Spartan. The Orien- tals saluted Pausanias with a lofty gro.vity. and (xon- gylus drawing near, said : " Son of Cleombrotus, the illustrious Ariamanes, kinsman to Xerxes, and of the House of the Achasmenids, is so far versed in the Grecian tongue that 1 need not proffer my offices as interpeter. In Datis, the Mede, brother to the most renowned of the Magi, you behold a warrior worthy to assist the arms even of Pausanias." " J greet ye in our Spartan phrase, ' The beautiful to the good,'" said Pausanias, regarding the Barbarians with an earnest gaze. " And I requested Gongylus to lead ye hither in order that I might confer with ye more at ease, than in the confinement to which I regret ye are still sentenced. Not in prisons should be held the conversation, of brave men." " I know," said Ariamanes (the statelier of the Bar- barians), in the Greek tongue, which he spoke intelli- gibly indeed, but with slowness and hesitation, '*I know that I am with that hero who refused to dis- honour the corpse of Mardonius, and even though a caj)tive I converse without shame with my victor." " Rested it with me alone, your captivity should cease," rejjlied Pausanias. "■ War, that has made me acquainted with the valour of the Persians, has also enlightened me as to their character. Your king has ever been humane to such of the Greeks as have TAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. 87 u -V 'i t .Al J sought a icTuge near his ihronc. I would but imitate his clemency." " Had the great Darius less esteemed the (ireeks he would never have invaded Greece. From the wan- i.Mrers whom misfortune drove to his realms, he learned to wonder at the arts, the genius, the energies of the people of Hellas. He desired less to win their territories than to gain such subjects. Too vast, alas, was the work he bef[ueathed to Xerxes." " He should not have trusted to force alone," re- turned Pausanias. " Greece may be won, but by the arts of her sons, not by the arms of the stranger. A Greek only can subdue Greece. By such profound knowledge of the factions, the interests, the envies and the jealousies of .each state as a Greek alone can possess, the mistaken chain that binds them might be easily severed ; some bought, some intimidated, and the few that hold out sul)dued amidst the apathy of the rest." " You speak wisely, right hand of Hellas," answered the Persian, who had listened to these remarks with deep attention. " Vet had we in our armies your countryman, the brave Demaratus." » " But, if 1 have heard rightly, ye too often disdained his counsel. Had he been listened to, there had been neitlier a Salamis nor a Plataia.* Yet Demaratus him- * After the action at Thermopyla;, Demaratus advised Xerxes to send three hundred vessels to the Laconian coast and seize the Island of Cythera, which commanded Sparta, "'^^he [)ro- found experience of Demaratus in the selfish and exclusive i\)licy 88 FAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. l! ] self had been too long a stranger to Greece, and he knew little of any state save that of Sparta. Iwivcs he still?" "■ Surely yes, in honour and renown ; little less than the son of Darius himself." " And what reward would Xerxes bestow on one of greater influence than Demaratus ; on one who has hitherto conquered every foe, and now beholds before .him the conquest of Greece herself?" "If such a man were found," answered the Persian, "let his thought run loose, k.. his imagination rove, let him seek only liow to find a fitting estimate of the gratitude !" the king and the vastness of the service." i\ausanias shaded his brow with his hand, and mused a few moments ; then lifting his eyes to the Persian's watchful but composed countenance, he said, with a slight smile — " Hard is it, O Persian, wlie.i the choice is actually before him, ^ ^ a man to renounce his countr>'. There have been hours within this very day when my desires swept afar from Sparta, from all Hellas, and rested on the tranquil pomp of Oriental Satrapies. But now, of his countrymen made him argue timt if this were done the fear of Sparta for herself would prevent her joining the forces of the rest of Greece, and leave the latter a more easy prey to the invader." — Athens, its Rise and Fall. This advice was over- ruled by Acha^menes. So again, had the advice of Artemisia, the Carian princess, been taken — to delay the naval engagement of Salamis, and rather to sail to the Peloponnesus — the Greeks, failing of provisions and divided among themselves, would probably have dispersed. ^"W: i .la, A I'AUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 89 rude and stern parent though Sparta be to me, I feel still that r am her son ; and, wlule we speak, a throne in stormy Hellas seems the fitting object of a (Greek's ambition. In a word, then, I would rise, and yet raise my country. I would have at my will a force that may suffice to overthrow in Sparta its grim and unnatural laws, to found amidst its rocks that single throne which the son of a demigod should ascend. From that throne I \yould spread m\ empire over the whole of (.ireece, Corinth and Athens being my tributaries. So thut, though men now. and posterity hereaftei", may say, ' Pausanias overthrew the Sptirtan Government,' they shall add, ' but Pausanias annexed to the Spartan sceptre the reahn of Greece. Pausanias was a tyrant, but not a traiKM.' How, O Persian, can these designs accord with the |x>licy of the Persian king ? " " Not without the authority of my master can I answer thee," replied Ariamanes, " so that my answer may be as the king's signet to his decree. But so nidch at least T say: that it is not the custom of the Persians to interfere with the institutions of those states with which they are connected. Thou deslrest to make a monarchy of Greece, with Sparta for its head. Be it so ; the king my master will aid thee so to scheme and so to reign, provided thou dost but concede to him a vase of the water from thy fountains, a fragment of earth from thy gardens." " In other words," said Pausanias thoughtfully, but with a slight colour on his brow, " if I hold my domin- ions tributary to the king ?" l-X m PAUSANIAS, rilK SI'ARl'AN. IH "The dominions that l)y the kind's aid tliou w\\\ have conciiicred. Is tlial a hard law?" " To a Greek and a Spartan the very mimicry of allegiance to the foreigner is hard." The Persian smiled. " Vet, if I understand thee right, O Chief, even kings in Spar. a are but subjects to their [)eople. Slave to a crowd A home, or tribu- tary to a throne abroad ; slave ever hour, or tribu- tary for earth and water once a year, which is the freer lot ?" " 'J'hou canst not understand our Grecian notions," replied Pausanias, "nor have I leisure to explain tiiem. But though I may subdue Sparta to myself as to its native sovereign, I will not, even by a type, subdue the land of the Heracleid to the Barbarian." Ariamanes looked grave ; the difficulty raised was serious. And here the craft of Gongylus interposed. " This may l)e adjusted, Ariamanes, as befits both parties. Let Pausanias rule in Sparta as he lists, and Sparta stand free of tribute. But for all other states and cities that Pausanias, aided by the great king, shall conquer, let the vase be filled, and the earth be Grecian. Let him but render tribute for those lands which the Persians submit to his sceptre. So shall the pride of the Si)artan be appeased, and the claims of the king be satisfied." " Shall it be so ?" said Pausanias. " Instruct me so to propose to my master, and I will do my best to content him with the exception to the wonted rights of the Persian diadem. And then" '■ ^ PMfSANlAS, IMF. SPAR'IAN, !H in (J" 'A ■i continued Arianuincs, "then, Paiisanias, Conciucror ol' Mardonius, Captain at Plataja, tlioii art indued a man with whom the lord of Asia may treat as an e(iiial. Gre ca id ,il '4 1? " So Alcman, it were ruin to my schemes to be recalled — until — until " " The hour to join the Persians on the frontier — yes." " One word more. Have you had occasion to sound the Helots ?" " But half an hour since. They will be true to you. Lift your right hand, and the ground where you stand will bristle with men who fear death even less than the Spartans.'* " Their aid were useless here against the whole Grecian fleet ; but in the defiles of Laconia, otherwise. I am prepared then for the worst, even recall." Here a slave crossed from a kind of passage that led from the outer chambers into the peristyle. "The Grecian captains have arrived to demand audience." " Bid them wait," cried Pausanias, passionately. " Hist ! Pausanias," whipered the Mothon. Is it not best to soothe them — to play with them — to cover the lion with the fox's hide ? " ^The Regent turned with a frown to his foster- brother, as if surprised and irritated by his presump- tion in advising ; and indeed of late, since Pausanias had admitted the son of the Helot into his guilty intrigues, Alcman had assumed a bearing and tone of equality which Pausanias, wrapped in his dark schemes, did not always notice, but at which from time to time he chafed angrily, yet again permitted it, and the cus- tom gained ground ; for in guilt conventional distinc- ■ j ^^^^H^ ^^1 '^• l^^M '^ m 1 ■ 108 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. tions rapidly vanish, and mind speaks freely out to mind. The presence of the slave, however, restrained him, and after a momentary silence his natural acute- ness, great when undisturbed by passion or pride, made him sensible of the wisdom of Alcman's counsel. " Hold ! " he said to the slave. " Announce to the Grecian Chiefs that Pausanias will await them forth- with. Begone. Now, Alcman, I will talk over these gentle monitors. Not in vain have I been educated in Sparta; yet if by chance I fail, hold thyself ready to haste to Sparta at a minute's warning. I must forestall the foe. I have gold, gold; and he who employs most of the yellow orators, will prevail most with the Ephors. Give me my staff; and tarry in yon chamber to the left." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 109 at to lined Lcute- made D the forth- these cated ,dy to estall iploys li the imber CHAPTER II. In a large hall, with a marble fountain in the middle of it, the Greek captains awaited the coming of Pau- sanias. A low and muttered conversation was carried on amongst them, in small knots and groups, amidst which the voice of Uliades was heard the loudest. Suddenly the hum was hushed, for footsteps were heard without. The thick curtains that at one ex- treme screened the door-way were drawn aside, and, attended by three of the Spartan knights, amongst whom was Lysander, and by two soothsayers, who were seldom absent, in war or warlike council, from the side of the Royal Heracleid, Pausanias slowly entered the hall. So majestic, grave, and self-collected were the bearing and aspect of the Spartan general, that the hereditary awe inspired by his race was once more awakened, and the angry crowd saluted him, silent and half-abashed. Although the strong passions, and the daring arrogance of Pausanias, did not allow him the exercise of that enduring, systematic, unsleep- ing hypocrisy which, in relations with the foreigner, often characterized his countrymen, and which, from its outward dignity and profound craft, exalted the vice into genius ; yet trained from earliest childhood in the arts that hide design, that control the countenance, and convey in the fewest words the most ambiguous 110 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. meanings, the Spartan general could, for a brief period, or for a critical purpose, command all the wiles for which the Greek was nationally famous, and in which Thucydides believed that, of all Greeks, the Spartan was the most skilful adept. And now, as uniting the courtesy of the host with the dignity of the chief, he returned the salute of the officers, and smiled his gra- cious welcome, the unwonted aflfability of his manner took the discontented by surprise, and half-propitiated the most indignant in his favour. " I need not ask you, O Greeks," said he, " why ye have sought me. Ye have learnt the escape of Ariamanes and Datis — a strange and '^naccoup table mischance." The captains looked round at each other in silence, till at last every eye rested upon Cimon, whose illus- trious birth, as well as his known respect for Sparta, combined with his equally well-known dislike of her chief, seemed to mark him, despite his youth, as the fittest person to be speaker for the rest. Cimon, who understood the mute appeal, and whose courage never failed his ambition, raised his head, and, after a mo- ment's hesitation, replied to the Spartan : " Pausanias, you guess rightly the cause which leads us to your presence. These prisoners were our noblest; their capture the reward of our common valour ; they were, generals moreover, of high skill and repute. They had become experienced in our Grecian warfare, even by their defeats. Those two men, should Xerxes again invade Greece, are worth more to his ] PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Ill [ads lour ion md lian lild his \ service than half the nations whose myriads crossed the Hellespont. But this is not all. The arms of the Barbarians we can encounter undismayed. It is trea- son at home which can alone appal us." There was a low murmur among the lonians at these words. Pausanias, with well-dissembled surprise on his countenance, turned his eyes from Cimon to the murmurers, and then from them again to Cimon, and repeated : " Treason ! son of Miltiades ; and from whom ?" " Such is the question that we would put to thee, Pausanias — to, thee, whose eyes, as leader of our armies, are doubtless vigilant daily and nightly over the interests of Greece." "I am not blind," returned Pausanias, appearing unconscious of the irony ; " but I am not Argus. If thou hast discovered aught that is hidden from me, speak boldly." " Thou hast made Gongylus, the Eretrian, governor of Byzantium; for what great services we know not. But he has lived much in Persia." " For that reason, on this the frontier of her domains, he is better enabled to penetrate her designs and counteract her ambition. " " This Gongylus," continued Cimon, " is well known to have much frequented the Persian captives in their confinement." " In order to learn from them what may yet be the strength of the king. In this he had my commands." *' I question it not. But, Pausanias," continued ii2 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Cimon, raising his voice, and with energy, "had he also thy commands to leave thy galley last night, and return to the citadel ?" " He had. What then ?" "And on his return the Persians disappear — a singular chance, truly. But that is not all. Last night, before he returned to the citadel, Gongylus was per- ceived, alone, in a retired spot on the outskirts of the city." " Alone ? " echoed Pausanias. "Alone. If he had companions they weie not dis- cerned. This spot was out of the path he should have taken. By this spot, on the soft soil, are the marks of hoofs, and in the thicket close by were found these witnesses," and Cimon drew from his vest a handful of the pearls, only worn by the Eastern captives. ''There is something in this," said Xanthippus, " which requires at least examination. May it please you, Pausanias, to summon Gongylus hither?" A momentary shade passed over the brow of the conspirator, but the eyes of the Greeks were on him ; and to refuse were as dangerous as to comply. He turned to one of his Spartans, and ordered him to summon the Eretrian. " You have spoken well, Xanthippus. This matter must be sifted." With that, motioning the captains to the seats that were ranged round the walls and before a long table, he cast himself into a large chair at the head of the table, and waited in silent anxiety the entrance of th IC I I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 113 tter lat Me, he IC Eretrian. His whole trust now was in the craft and penetration of his friend. If- the courage or the cunning of Gongylus failed him — if but a word betrayed him — Pausanias was lost. He was girt by men who hated him ; and he read in the dark fierce eyes of the lonians — wnose pride he had so often galled, whose revenge he had so carelessly provoked — the certainty of ruin. One hand hidden within the folds of his robe convulsively clinched the flesh, in the stern agony of his suspense. His calm and composed face nevertheless exhibited to the captains no trace of fear. The draperies were again drawn aside, and Gongy- lus slowly entered. Habituated to peril of every kind from his earliest youth, the Eretrian was quick to detect its presence. The sight of the silent Greeks, formally seated round the hall, and watching his steps and countenance with eyes whose jealous and vindictive meaning it required no QEdipus to read, the grave and half- averted brow of Pausanias, and the angry excitement that had prevailed amidst the host at the news of the escape of the Persians — all sufficed to apprise him of the nature of the council to which he had been summoned. Supporting himself on his staff, and dragging his limbs tardily along, he had leisure to examine, though with apparent indifference, the whole group; and when, with a calm salutation, he arrested his steps at the foot of the table immediately facing Pausanias, he darted one glance at the Spartan so fearless, so bright, H 114 I'AUSANIAS, I UK SPAK'l'AN. SO cheering, that Pausanias breathed hard, as if a load were thrown from his breast, and turning easily towards Cimon, said — " Behold your witness. Which of us shall be ques- tioner, and which judge ? " "That matters but little," returned Cimon. "Before this audience justice must force its way." "It rests with you, Pausanias," said Xanthippus, "to acquaint the governor of Byzantium with the suspicions he has excited." "Gongylus," said Pausanias, "the captive Bar- oarians, Ariamanes and Datis, were placed by me especially under thy vigilance and guard. Thou knowest that, while (for humanity becomes the victor) I ordered thee to vex them by no undue restraints, I nevertheless commanded thee to consider thy life itself answerable for their durance. ihtv have escaped. The captains of Greece demand of thee, as I demanded — by what means — by what connivance ? Speak the truth, and deem that in falsehood as well as in treachery, detection is easy, and death certain." The tone of Pausanias, and his severe look, pleased and re-assured all the Greeks, except the wiser Cimon, who, though his suspicions were a little shaken, continued to fix his eyes rather on Pausanias than, on the Eretrian. . " Pausanias," replied Gongylus, drawing up his lean frame, as with the dignity of conscious innocence, " that suspicion could fall upon me, I find it difficult to suppose. Raised by thy favour to the command of "..imjiaujjnM ^sed :en, on :an ice, :ult of t- I PAUSANIAS, THK Sl'ARTAN. 115 Byzantium, what have I to gain by treason or neglect ? These Persians — I knew them well. I had known them in Susa — known them when I served Darius, being then an exile from Eretria. Ye know, my countrymen, that when Darius invaded Greece I left his court and armies, and sought my native land, to fall or to conquer in its cause. Well, then, I knew these Barbarians. I sought them frequently; partly, it may be, to return to them in their adversity the courtesies shown me in mine. Ye are Greeks ; ye will not condemn me for humanity and gratitude. Partly with another motive. I knew that Ariamanes had the greatest influence over Xerxes. I knew that the great king would at any cost seek to regain the liberty of his friend. I urged upon Ariamanes the wisdom of a peace with the Greeks even on their own terms. I told him that when Xerxes sent to offer the ransom, conditions of peace would avail more than sacks of gold. He listened and approved. Did I wrong in this, Pausanias? No; for thou, whose deep sagacity has made thee condescend even to appear half Persian, because thou art all Greek — thou thyself didst sanction my efforts on behalf of Greece." Pausanias looked with a silent triumph round the conclave, and Xanthippus nodded approval. "In order to conciliate them, and with too great confidence in their faith, I relaxed by degrees the rigour of their confinement ; that was a fault, I own it. Their apartments communicated with a court in which I suffered them to walk at will. But I placed there \ 116 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Ill two sentinels in whom I deemed I could repose all trust — not my own countrymen- nrjt Kretrians — not thy Spartans or Laconians, Pausanias. No ; I deemed that if ever the jealousy (a laudable; jealousy) of the Greek should demand an account of my faith and vigilar e, my witnesses should be the countrymen of those who have ever the most suspected me. Those sentinels were, the one a Snmian, the other a Plataean. These men have betrayed me and Greece. Last night, on returning hither from the vessel, I visited the Persians. They were about to retire to rest, and I quitted them soon, suspecting nothing. This morning they had fled, and with them their abettors, the sentinels. I hastened first to send soldiers in search of them ; and, secondly, to inform Pausanias in his galley. If I have erred, I submit me to your punishment. Punish my error, but acquit my honesty." "And what," said Cimon, abruptly, "led thee far from thy path, between the Heracleid's galley and the citadel, to the fields near the temple of Aphrodite, between the citadel and the bay ? Thy colour changes. Mark him, Greeks. Quick ; thine answer." The countenance of Gongylus had indeed lost its colour and hardihood. The loud tone of Cimon — the effect his confusion produced on the Greeks, some of whom, the lonians less self-possessed and dignified than the rest, half rose, with fierce gestures and mut- tered exclamations — served still more to embarrass and intimidate him. He cast a hasty look on Pausanias, -%.. lawB PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 117 who averted his eyes. There was a pause. The Spartan gave himself up for lost ; but how much more was his fear increased when Gongylus, casting an im- ploring gaze upon the Greeks, said hesitatingly — " Question me no farther. I dare not speak ; " and as he spoke he pointed to Pausanias. " It was the dread of thy resentment, Pausanias," said Cimon coldly, " that witheld his confession. Vouchsafe to re-assure him." " Eretrian," said Pausanias, striking his clenched hand on the table, " I know not what tale trembles on thy lips ; but, be it what it may, give it voice, I com- mand thee." " Thou thyself, thou wert the cause that led me towards the temple of Aphrodite," said Gongylus, in a low voice. At these words there went forth a general deep- breathed murmur. With one accord every Greek rose to his feet. The Spartan attendants in the rear of Pausanias drew closer to his person; but there was nothing in their faces — yet more dark and vindictive than those of the other Greeks — that promised pro- tection. Pausanias alone remained seated and un- moved. His imminent danger gave him back all his valour, all his pride, all his passionate and profound disdain. With unbleached cheek, with haughty eyes, he met the gaze of the assembly ; and then waving his hand as if that gesture sufficed to restrain and awe them, he said — '* In the name of all Greece, whose chief I yet am, 118 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. whose protector I have once been, I command ye to resume your seats, and listen to the Eretrian. Spartans, fall back. Governor of Byzantium, pursue your tale." "Yes, Pausanias," resumed Gongylus, "you alone were the cause that drew me from my rest. I would fain be silent, but " " Say on," cried Pausanias fiercely, and measuring the space between himself and Gongylus, in doubt whether the Eretrian's head were vntbin reach of his scimitar ; so at least Gongylus interpreted that freezing look of despair and vengeance, and he drew back some paces. " I place myself, O Greeks, under your pro- tection ; it is dangerous to reveal the errors of the great. Know that, as Governor of Byzantium, many things ye wot not of reach my ears. Hence, I guard against dangers while ye sleep. Learn, then, that Pausanias is not without the weakness of h'<^ ancestor Alcides ; he loves a maiden — a Byzantine — Cleonice, the daughter of Diagoras." This unexpected announcem ^nt, made in so grave a tone, provoked a smile amongst the gay lonians ; but an exclamation of jealous anger broke from Antagoras, and a blush, partly of wounded pride, partly of warlike shame, crimsoned the swarthy cheek of Pausanias. Cimon, who was by no means free from the jo>ous infirmities of youth, relaxed his severe buw, and said, after a short pause — " Is it, then, among the grave duties of the Governor of Byzantium to watch over the fair Cleonice, or to aid the suit of her illustrious lover ?" ., PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 119 " Not so," answered Gongylus ; " but the life of the Grecian general is dear, at least, to the grateful Gover- nor of Byzantium. Greeks, ye know that amongst you Pausanias has many foes. Returning last night from his presence, and passing through the thicket, I over- heard voices at hand. I caught the name of Pausanias. * The Spartan,' said one voice, ' nightly visits the house of Diagoras. He goes usually alone. From the height near the temple we can watch well, for the night is clear; if he goes alone, we can intercept his way on his return,' * To the height ! ' cried the other. I thought to dis- tinguish the voices, but the trees hid the -speakers. I followed the footsteps towards the temple, for it be- hoved me to learn who thus menaced the chief of Greece. But ye know that the wood reaches even to the sacred building, and the steps gained the temple before I could recognize the men. I concealed myself, as I thought, to watch ; but it seems that I was per- ceived, for he who saw me, and now accuses, was doubtless one of the assassins. Happy I, if the sight of a witness scared him from the crime. Either fearing detection, or aware that their intent that night was frustrated — for Pausanias, visiting Cleonice, earlier than his wont, had already resought his galley — the men retreated as they came, unseen, not unheard. I caught their receding steps through the brushwood. Greeks, I have said. Who is my accuser? in him behold the would-be murderer of Pausanias ! " " Liar," cried an indignant and loud voice amongst the captains, and Antagoras stood forth from the circle. i 11 120 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. i " It is I who saw thee. Barest thou accuse Anta- goras of Chios ?" " What at that hour brought Antagoras of Chios to the temple of Aphrodite ?" retorted Gongylus. The eyes of the Greeks turned toward the young captain, and there was confusion on his face. But recovering himself quickly, the Chian answered, " Why should I blush to own it. ? Aphrodite is no dishonor- able deity to the men of the Ionian Isles. I sought the temple at that hour, as. is our wont, to make my offering, and record my prayer." " Certainly," said Cimon. " We must own that Aphrodite is powerful at Byzantium. Who can acqrit Pausanias and blame Antagoras ?" " Pardon me — one question," said Gongylus. " Is not the female heart which Antagoras would beseech the goddess to soften towards him that of the Cleonice of whom we spoke ? See, he denies it not. Greeks, the Chians are warm lovers, and warm lovers are revengeful rivals." This artful speech had its instantaneous effect amongst the younger and more unthinking loiterers. Those who at once would have disbelieved the imputed guilt of Antagoras upon motives merely political inclined to a suggestion that ascribed it to the jealousy of a lover. And his character, ardent and fiery, rendered the suspicion yet more plausible. Meanwhile the minds of the audience had been craftily drawn from the grave and main object of the meeting — the flight of the Persians — and a lighter and livelier i ± PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 121 I 'T curiosity had supplanted the eager and dark resentment which had hitherto animated the circle. Pausanias, with the subtle genius that belonged to him, hastened to seize advantage of this momentary diversion in his favour, and before the Chian could recover his con- sternation, both at the charge and the evident effect it had produced upon a part of the assembly, the Spartan stretched his hand, and spake. " Greeks, Pausanias listens to no tale of danger to himself. Willingly he believes that Gongylus either misinterpreted the intent of some jealous and heated threats, or that the words he overheard were not utter- ed by Antagoras. Possible is it, too, that others may have sought the temple with less gentle desires than our Chian ally. Let this pass. Unworthy such matters of the councils of bearded men ; too much reference has been made to those follies which our idleness has given birth to. Let no fair Briseis renew strife amongst chiefs and soldiers. Excuse not thyself, Antagoras ; we dismiss all charge against thee. On the other hand, Gongylus will doubtless seem to you to have accounted for his appearance near the precincts of the temple. And it is but a coincidence, natural enough, that the Persian prisoners should have chosen, later in the night, the same spot for the steeds to await them. The thickness of the wood round the temple, and the direction of the place towards the east, points out the neighborhood as the very one in which the fugitives would appoint the horses. Waste no further time, but provide at once for the pursuit. To you, h'lJ li JL 122 PAUSANUS, THE SPARTAN. M^'a Cimon, be this case confided. Already have I des- patched fifty light-armed men on fleet Thessalian steeds. You, Cimon, increase the number of the pursuers. The prisoners may be yet re-captured. Doth aught else remain worthy of our ears ? If so, speak ; if not, depart." " Pausanias," said Antagoras, firmly, " let Gongylus retract, or not, his charge against me, I retain mine against Gongylus. Wholly false is it that in word or deed I plotted violence agaijast thee, though of much — not as Cleonice's lover, but as Grecian captain — ^I have good reason to complain. Wholly false is it that I had a comrade. I was alone, and coming out from the temple, where I had hung my chaplet, I perceived Gongylus clearly under the starlit skies. He stood in listening attitude close by the sacred myrtle grove. I hastened towards him, but methinks he saw me not ; he turned slowly, penetrated the wood, and vanished. I gained the spot on the soft sward which the drop- ping boughs make ever humid. I saw the print of hoofs. Within the thicket I found the pearls that Cimon has displayed to you. Clear, then, is it that this man lies — clear that the Persians must have fled already — although Gongylus declared that on his re- turn to the citadel he visited them in their prison. Explain this, Eretrian ?" " He who would speak false witness," answered Gongylus, with a firnmess equal to the Chian's, " can find pearls at whatsoever hour he pleases. Greeks, this man presses me to renew the charge which PaU' «**r jI T PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 123 sanias generously sought to stifle. I have said. And I, Governor of Byzantium, call on the Council of the Grecian Leaders to maintain my authority, and protect their own Chief." Then arose a vexed and perturbed murmur, most of the lonians siding with Antagoras, such of the allies as yet clung to the Dorian ascendancy grouping round Gongylus. The persistence of Antagoras had made the dilemma of no slight embarrassment to Pausanias. Something lofty in his original nature urged him to shrink from supporting Gongylus in an accusation which he be- lieved untrue. On the other hand, he could not abandon his accomplice in an effort, as dangerous as it was crafty, to conceal their common guilt. " Son of Miltiades," he said, after a brief pause, in which his dexterous resolution was formed, " I invoke your aid to appease a contest in which I foresee no result but that of schism amongst ourselves. Antagoras has no witness to support his tale, Gongylus none to support his own. Who shall decide between conflict- ing testimonies which rest but on the lips of accuser and accused? Hereafter, if the matter be deemed sufficiently grave, let us refer the decision to the oracle that never errs. Time and chance meanwhile may favour us in clearing up the darkness we cannot now penetrate. For you. Governor of Byzantium, it behooves me to say that the escape of prisoners en- trusted to your charge justifies vigilance if not sus picion. We shall consult at our leisure whether or iii 124 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. not that course suffices to remove you from the gov- ernment of Byzantium. Heralds, advance ; our council is dissolved." With these words Pausanias rose, and the majesty of his bearing, with the unwonted temper and concilia- tion of his language, so came in aid of his high office, that no man ventured a dissentient murmur. The conclave broke up, and not till its members had gained the outer air did any signs of suspicion or dis- satisfaction evince themselves ; but then, gathering in groups, the lonians with especial jealousy discussed what had passed, and with their native shrewdness ascribed the moderation of Pausanias to his desire to screen Gongylus and avoid further inquisition into the flight of the prisoners. The discontented looked round for Cimon, but the young Athenian had hastily retired from the throng, and, after issuing orders to pursue the fugitives, sought Aristides in the house near the quay in which he lodged. Cimon related to his friend what had passed at the meeting, and terminating his recital, said : " Thou shouldst have been with us. With thee we might have ventured more. "And if so," returned the wise Athenian with a smile, " ye would have prospered less. Precisely be- cause I would not commit our country to the suspicion of fomenting intrigues and mutiny to her own advan- tage, did I abstain from the assembly, well aware that Pausanias would bring his minion harmless from the unsupported accusation of Antagoras. Thou hast PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 125 acted with cool judgment, Cimon. The Spartan is weaving the webs of the Parcae for his own feet. Leave him to weave on, undisturbed. The hour in which Athens shall assume the sovereignty of the seas is drawing near. Let it come, like Jove's thunder, in a calm sky. warn 126 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. I ■ ii CHAPTER III. Pausanias did not that night quit the city. After the meeting, he held a private conference with the Spartan Equals^ whom custom and the government assigned, in appearance as his attendants, in reality as witnesses if not spies of his conduct. Though every pure Spartan, as compared with the subject Laconian population, was noble, the republic acknowledged two main distinctions in class, the higher, entitled Equals, a word which we might not inaptly and more intelligi- bly render Peers ; the lower. Inferiors. These dis- tinctions, though hereditary, were not immutable. The peer could be degraded, the inferior could become a peer. To the royal person in war three peers were allotted. Those assigned to Pausanias, of the tribe called the Hylleans, were \iaturally of a rank and in- fluence that constrained him to treat them with a certain deference, which perpetually chafed his pride and coafirn^ed his discontent; for these three men were precisely oi" the mould which at heart he most despised. Polydorus, the first in rank — for, like Pau- sanias, he boasted his descent from Hercules — was the personification of the rudeness and bigotry of a Spartan who had never before stirred from his rocky home, and who disdained all that he could not com- prehend. Gelon, the second, passed for a very wise i PAUSANIAS, I'HK SPARTAN. 127 J^ man, for he seldom spoke but in monosyllables ; yet, probably, his words were as numerous as his ideas. Cleomenes, the third, was as distasteful to the Regent from his merits as the others from their deficiencies. He had risen from the grade of the Inferiors by his valour; blunt, homely, frank, sincere, he never dis- guised his displeasure at the manner of Pausanias, though, a true Spartan in discipline, he never trans- gressed the respect which his chief commanded in time of war. Pausanias knew that these officers were in correspon- dence with Sparta, and he now exerted all his powers to remove from their minds any suspicion which the disappearance of the prisoners might have left in them. In this interview he displayed all those great natural powers which, rightly trained and guided, might have made him not less great in council than in war. With masterly precision he enlarged on the growing ambi- tion of Athens, on the disposition in her favour evinced by all the Ionian confederates. " Hitherto," he said truly, " Sparta has uniformly held rank as the first state of Greece ; the leadership of the Greeks belongs to us by birth and renown. But see you not that the war is now shifting from land to sea. Sea is not our element ; it is that of Athens, of all the Ionian race. If this continue we lose our ascendancy, and Athens becomes the sovereign of Hellas. Beneath the calm of Aristides I detect his deep design. In vain Cimon affects the manner of the Spartan ; at 128 pausanias, the spartan. 1.1 Ji* heart he is Athenian, This charge against Gongylus is aimed at me. Grant that the plot which it conceals succeed ; grant that Sparta share the affected suspi- cions of the lonians, and recall me from Byzantium ; deem you that there lives one Spartan who could delay for a day the supremacy of Athens ? Nought save the respect the Dorian Greeks at least attach to the Gene- ral at Plataea could restrain the secret ambition of the city of the demagogues. Deem not that I have been as rash and vain as some hold me for the stern visage I have shown to the lonians. Trust me that it was necessary to awe them, with a view to maintain our majesty. For Sparta to preserve her ascendancy, two things are needful : first, to continue the war by land ; secondly, to disgust the lonians witii their sojourn here, send therr with their ships to their own havens, and so leave Hellas under the sole guardianship of ourselves and our Peioponnesian allies. Therefore I say, bear with me in this double design ; chide me not if my haughty manner disperse these subtle loniana. If I bore with them to-day it was less from respect than, shall I say it, my fear lest you should misinterpret me. Beware how you detail to Sparta whatever might rouse the jealousy of her government. Trust to me, and I will extend the dominion of Sparta till it grasp the whole of Greece. We will depose everwhere the revolutionary Demos, and establish our own oligarchies in every Grecian state. We will Lacon- ize all Hellas." Much of what Pauranias said was wise and profound. PAUSANIAS, THK RFARTAN. 129 .1 Ind. Such statesmanship, narrow and congenial, but vigorous and crafty, Sparta taught in later years to her alert politicians. And we have already seen that, despite the dazzling prospects of Oriental dominion, he as yet had separated himself rather from the laws than the interests of Sparta, and still incorporated his own ambition with the extension of the sovereignty of his country over the rest of Greece. But the peers heard him in dull and gloomy silence ; and, not till he had paused and thrice asked for a reply, did Polydorus speak. " You would increase the dominion of Sparta, Pau- sanias. Increase of dominion is waste of life and treasure. We have few men, little gold; Sparta is content to hold her own." "Good," said Gelon, with impassive countenance. " What care we who leads the Greeks into blows ? the fewer blows the better. Brave men fight if they must, wise men never fight if they can help it." " And such is your counsel, Cleomenes ? " asked Pausanias, with a quivering lip. " Not from the same reasons," answered the nobler and more generous Spartan. " I presume not to question your motives, Pausanias. I leave you to explain them to the Ephors and the Gerusia. But since you press me, this I say. First, all the Greeks, Ionian as well as Dorian, fought equally against the Mede, and from the commander of the Greeks all should receive fellowship and courtesy. Secondly, I say if Athens is better fitted than Sparta for the mari- I 130 PAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. time ascendency, let Athens rule, so that Hellas be saved from the Mede. Thirdly, O Pausanias, I pray that Sparta may rest satisfied with her own institutions, and not disturb the peace of Greece by forcing them upon other states and thereby enslaving Hellas. What more could the Persian do? Finally, my advice is to suspend Gongylus from his office ; to concilliate the lonians ; to remain as a Grecian armament firm and united, and so procure, on better terms, peace with Persia. And then let each state retire within itself, and none aspire to rule the other. A thousand free cities are better guard against the Barbarian than a single state made up of republics overthrown and resting its strength upon hearts enslaved." " Do you too," said Pausanias, gnawing his nether lip, " Do you too, Polydorus ; you too, Gelon, agree with Cleomenes, that, if Athens is better fitted than Sparta for the sovereignty of the seas, we should yield to that restless rival so perilous a power ? " " Ships cost gold," said Polydoras. " Spartans have none to spare. Mariners require skilful captains ; Spartans know nothing of the sea." " Moreover," quoth Gelon, " the ocean is a terrible element. What can valour do against a storm ? We may lose more men by adverse weather than a century can repair. Let who will have the seas. Sparta has her rocks and defiles." " Men and peers," said Pausanias, ill repressing his scorn, " ye little dream what arms ye place in the hands of the Athenians, I have done. Take only thi§ r % * PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 131 ' .>, 4 ^h- prophecy. You are now the head of Greece. You surrender your sceptre to Athens, and become a second-rate power." ** Never second rate when Greece shall demand armed men," said Cleomenes proudly. " Armed men, armed men !" cried the more pro- found Pausanias. '* Do you suppose that commerce — that trade — that maritime energy — that fleets which ransack the shores of the world, will not obtain a power greater than mere bnite-hke valour. But as ye will, as ye will." " As we speak our forefathers thought," said Gelon. " And, Pausanias," said Cleomenes gravely, " as we speak, so think the Ephors." Pausanias fixed his dark eye on Cleomenes, and, after a brief pause, saluted the Equals and withdrew. " Sparta," he muttered as he regained his chamber, " Sparta thou refuseth to be great ; but greatness is necessary to thy son. Ah, their iron laws would con- strain my soul ! but it shall wear them as a warrior wears his armour and adapts it to his body. Thou shalt be queen of all Hellas despite thyself, thine ephors, and thy laws. Then only will I forgive thee." 132 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. If: h Li- - CHAPTER IV. DiAGORAs was sitting outside his door and giving various instructions to the slaves employed on his farm, when, chrough an arcade thickly covered with the vine, the light form of Antagoras came slowly in sight. " Hail to thee, Diagoras," said the Chian, " thou art the only wise man I meet with. Thou art tranquil while all else are disturbed ; and, worshipping the great Mother, thou carest not, methinks, for the Per- sian who invades, or the Spartan who professes to defend." " Tut," said Diagoras, in a whisper, " thou knowest the contrary : thou knowest that if the Persian comes I am ruined ; and, by the gods, I am on a bed of thorns as long as the Spartan stays." " Dismiss thy slaves," exclaimed Antagoras, in the same undertone ; " I would speak with thee on grave matters that concern us both." After hastily finishing his instructions and dis- missing his slaves, Diagoras turned to the impatient Chian, and said : " Now, young warrior, I am all ears for thy speech." ' Truly," said Antagoras, " if thou wert aware of what I am about to utter, thou wouldst not have post- poned consideration for thy daughter, to thy care for a few jars of beggarly olives." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 133 I .v. " Hem ! " said Diagoras, peevishly. " Olives are not to be despised ; oil to the limbs makes them supple; to the stomach it gives gladness. Oil, moreover, bringeth money when sold. But a daughter is the plague of a ii.a,:i s life. First, one has to keep away lovers ; and next to find a husband ; and when all is done, one has to put one's hand in one's chest, and pay a tall fellow like thee for robbing one of one's own child. That custom of dowries is abominable. In the good old times a bridegroom, as was meet and proper, paid for his bride ; now we poor fathers pay him for taking her. Well, well, never bite thy fore- finger, and curl up thy brows. What thou hast to say, say." " Diagoras, I know that thy heart is better than thy speech, and, that much as thou covetest money, thou lovest thy child more. Know, then, that Pausanias — a curse light on him — brings shame upon Cleonice. Know that already her name hath grown the talk of the camp. Know that his visit to her the night before last was proclaimed in the Council of the Captains as a theme for jest and rude laughter. By the head of Zeus, how thinkest thou to profit by the stealthy wooings of this black-browed Spartan ? Know- est thou not that his laws forbid him to marry Cleonice? Wouldst thou have him dishonour her ? Speak out to him as thou speakest to men, and tell him that the maidens of Byzantium are not in the control of the General of the Greeks." " Youth, youth," cried Diagoras, greatly agitated, ■V ii! , 134 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. " wouldst thou bring my grey hairs to a bloody grave? wouldst thou see my daughter reft from me by force — and » " How darest thou speak thus, old man ?" interrupted the indignant Chian. " If Pausanias wronged a virgin, all Hellas would rise against him." " Yes, but not till the ill were done, till my throat were cut, and my child dishonoured. Listen. At first indeed, when, as ill-luck would have it, Pausanias, lodging a few days under my roof, saw and admired Cleonice, I did venture to remonstrate, and how think you he took it ? ' Never,' quoth he, with his stem quivering lip, ' never did conquest forego its best right to the smiles of beauty. The legends of Hercules, my ancestor, tell thee that to him who labours for men, the gods grant the love of women. Fear not that I should wrong thy daughter — to woo her is not t*^ wrong. But close thy door on me ; immure Cleonice from my sight ; an J nor armed slaves, nor bolts, nor bars shall keep love from the loved one.' Therewith he turned on his heel and left me. But the next day came a Lydian in his train, with a goodly pannier of rich stuffs and a short Spartan sword. On the pannier was written ' Friendships on the sword * Wrath^ and Alcman gave me a scrap of parchment, whereon, with the cursed brief wit of a Spartan, was inscribed ' Choose ! ' Who could doubt which to take ? who, by the gods, would prefer three inches of Spartan iron in his stomach to a basketful of rich stuffs for his shoulders. Wherefore, from that hour, Pausanias PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 135 y grave? force — irrupted a virgin, T throat At first usanias, idmired w think is stem jst right ercules, )r men, that I not t*^ leonice Its, nor 2rewith 2xt day inier of )annier ^,' and ti, with jcribed ? who, n iron or his isanias comes as he lists. But Cleonice humours him not, let tongues wag as they may. Easier to take three cities than that child's heart." " Is it so indeed ? " exclaimed the Chian, joyfully ; " Cleonice loves him not ? " " Laughs at him to his beard : that is, would laugh if he wore one." " O Diagoras ! " cried Antagoras, " hear me, hear me. I need not remind thee that ovr families are united by the hospitable ties ; that amongst thy treasures thou wilt find the gifts of my ancestors for five generations ; that when, a year since, my affairs brought me to Byzantium, I came to thee with the symbols of my right to claiLi thy hospitable cares. On leaving thee we broke the sacred die. I have one half, thou the other. In that visit I saw and loved Cleonice. Fain would \ have told my love, but then my father lived, and T feared lest he should oppose my suit; therefore, as became me, I was silent. On my return home, my fears were confirmed ; my father desired that I, a Chian, should wed a Chian. Since I have been with the fleet, news has reached me that the urn holds my father's ashes." Here the young Chian paused. "Alas, alas!" he murmured, smiting his breast, " and I was not at hand to fix over thy doors the sacred branch, to give thee the parting kiss, and receive into my lips thy latest breath. May Hermes, O father, have led thee to pleasant groves !" Diagoras, who had lister^ d attentively to the young Chian, was touched by his gnef, and said pityingly : :| (fl'l I. 9^ '1 136 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. " I know thou art a good son, and thy father was a worthy man, though harsh. It is a comfort to think that all does not die with the dead. His money at least survives him." " But," resumed Antagoras, not heeding this con- solation, — " but now I am free : and ere this, so soon as my mourning garment had been lain aside, I had asked thee to bless me with Cleonice, but that I feared her love was gone — gone to the haughty Spartan. Thou reassurest me ; and in so doing, thou confirmest the fair omens with which Aphrodite has received my offerings. Therefore, I speak out. No dowry ask I with Cleonice, save such, more in name than amount, as may distinguish the wife from the concubine, and assure her an honoured place amongst my kinsmen. Thou knowest I am rich ; thou knowest that my birth dates from the oldest citizens of Chios. Give me thy child, and deliver her thyself at once from the Spartan's power. Once mine, all the fleets of Hellas are her protection, and our marriage torches are the swords of a Grecian aimy. . O Diagoras, I clasp thy knees ; put thy i^ght hand in mine. Give me thy child as wife !" The Byzantine was strongly affected. The suitor was one who, in birth and possessions, was all that he could desire for his daughter ; and at Byzantium there did not exist that feeling agdnst intermarrirjes with the foreigner which prevailed in towns more purely Greek, though in many of them, too, that antique pre- judice had worn away. On the other hand, by trans- ferring to Antagoras his anxious charge, he felt that i PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 137 he should take the best course to preserve it untar- nished from the fierce love of Pausanias, and there was truth in the Chian's suggestion. The daughter of a Byzantine might be unprotected ; the wife of an Ionian captain was safe, even from the power of Pau- sanias. As these reflections occurred to him, he placed his right hand in the Chian's, and said : " Be it as thou wilt ; I consent to betroth thee to Cleonice. Follow me ; thou art free to woo her." So saying, he rose, and, as if in fear of his own second thoughts, he traversed the hall with hasty strides to the interior of tlie mansion. He ascended a flight of steps, and drawing aside a curtain suspended between two columns, Antagoras, who followed timidly behind, beheld Cleonice. As was the wont in the domestic life of all Grecian states, her handmaids were around the noble virgin. Two were engaged on embroiderj', one in spinning, a fourth was reading aloud to Cleonice, and that at least was a rare diversion to women, for few had the education of the fair Byzantine. Cleonice herself was half reclined upon a bench inlaid with ivory "and covered with cushions ; before her stood a small tripod table on which she leant the arm, the hand of which supported her cheek, and she seemed listening to the lecture of the slave with earnest and absorbed attention, so earnest, so absorbed, that she did not for some moments perceive the entrance of Diagoras and the Chian. "Child," said the former — and Cleonice started to 138 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 1 t I I her feet, and stood modestly before her father, her eyes downcast, her arms crossed upon her bosom — " child I bid thee welcome my guest-friend, Antagoras of Chios. Slaves, ye may withdraw." Cleonice bowed her head ; and an unquiet, anxious change came over her countenance. As soon as the slaves were gone, Diagoras resumed : " Daughter, I present to thee a suitor for thy hand ; receive him as I have done, and he shall have my leave to carve thy name on every tree in the garden, with the lover's epithet of ' Beautiful,' attached to it. Antagoras, look up, then, and speak for thyself" But Antagoras was silent ; and a fear unknown to his frank hardy nature came over him. With an arch smile, Diagoras, deeming his presence no longer necessary pr expedient, lifted the curtain, and lover and maid were left alone. Then, with an effort, and still with hesitating accents, the Chian spoke — " Fair virgin, — not in the groves of Byzantium will thy name be first written by the hand of Antagoras. In my native Chios the myrtle trees are already eloquent of thee. Since I first saw thee, I loved. Maiden, wilt thou be my wife ? " Thrice moved the lips of Cleonice, and thrice her voice seemed to fail her. At length she said, — " Chian, thou art a stranger, and the laws of the Grecian cities dishonour the stranger whom the free citizen stoops to marry." " Nay," cried Antagoras, " such cruel laws are i t 'f. PAt^SANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 139 obsolete in Chios. Nature and custom, and love's al- mighty goddess, long since have set them aside. Fear not, the haughtiest matron of my native state will not be more honoured than the Byzantium bride of Anta- goras." "Is it in Sparta only that such laws exist ?" said Cleonice, half unconsciously, and to the sifrh with which she spoke a deep blush succeeded. "Sparta!" exclaimed Antagoras, with a fierce and jealous pang — " Ah, are thy thoughts then upon the son of Sparta ? Were Pausanias a Chian, wouldst thou turn from him scornfully as thou now dost from me ?" " Not scornfully, Antagoras," answered Cleonice, (who had indeed averted her face, at his reproach- ful question ; but now turned it full upon him, with an expression of sad and pathetic sweetness), " not scornfully do I tu n from thee, though with pain ; for what worthier homage canst thou render to woman, than honourable love ? Gratefully do I hearken to the suit that cqmes from thee ; but gratitude is not the re- turn thou wouldst ask, Antagaros. My hand is my father's, my heart, alas, is mine. Thou mayst claim from him the one ; the other, neither he can give, nor thou receive." " Say not so, Cleonice," cried the Chian ; " say not, that thou canst not love me, if so I am to interpret thy words. Love brings love with the young. How canst thou yet know thine own heart ? Tarry till thou hast listened to mine. As the fire on the altar spreads from offering to offering, so spreads love; its flame % 140 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTMs. r i t i I-: ' l! ij 4 envelops all that are near to it. Thy heart will catch the heavenly spark from mine." " Chian," said Cleonice, gently withdrawing the hand that he sought to clasp, " when as my father's guest-friend thou wert a sojourner within these walls, oft have I heard thee speak, and all thy words spoke the thoughts of a noble soul. Were it otherwise, not thus would I now address thee. Didst thou love gold, and wooed in me but the child of the rich Diagoras, or wert thou one of those who would treat for a wife, r.s a trader for a slave, invoking Here, but disdaining Aphrodite, I should bow my head to my doom. But thou, Antagoras, asketh love for love ; this I cannot give thee. Spare me, O generous Chian. Let not my father eniorce his right to my obedience." " Answer me but one question," interrupted Anta- goras in a low voice, through with compressed lips, *• '^ost thou then love another ?"' The blood mounted to the virgin's cheeks, it suffused her brow, her neck, with burning blushes, and then receding, left her face colourless as a statue. Then with tones low and constrained as his own, she pressed her hand on her heart, and replied, " Thou sayest it ; I love another." " And that other is Pausanias. Alas, thy silence, thy trembling, answer me." Antagoras groaned aloud and covered his face with his hands ; but after a short pause, he exclaimed v/ith great emotion, " No, no — say not that thou lovjst v^.' I I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 141 Pausanias; say not that Aphrodite hath so accurst thee : for to love Pausanias is to love dishonour." " Hold, Chian ! Not so : for my love has no hope. Our hearts are not our own, but our actions are. }) Antagoras gazed on her with suspense and awe ; for as she spoke her slight form dilated, her lip curled, her cheek glowed again, but with the blush less of love than of pride. In her countenance, her attitude, there was something divine and holy, such as would have beseemed a priestess of Diana. " Yes," she resumed raising her eyes, and with a still and mournful sweetness in her upraised features. " What I love is not Pausanias, it is the glory of which he is the symbol, it is the Greece of which he has been the Saviour. Let him depart, as soon he must — let these eyes behold him no more ; still there exists for me all that exists now — a name, a renown, a dream. Never for me may the nuptial hymn resound, or the marriage torch be illumine'^ O goddess of the silver bow, O chaste and venerauv Artemis ! receive, protect thy servant ; and ye, O funeral gods, lead me soon, lead the virgin unreluctant to the sl^^dcs." A superstitious feai, a dread as if his earthly love would violate something sacred, chilled the ardour of the young Chian ; and for several moments both were silent. At length, Antagoras, kissing the hem of her robe, said, — r' 142 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ** Maiden of Byzantium, — like thee then, I will love, though without hope. I will not, I dare not, profane thy presence by prayers which pain thee, and seem to me, having heard thee, almost guilty, as if proffered to some nymph circling in choral dance the moon-lit mountain-tops of Delos. But ere I depart, and tell thy lather that my suit is over, O place at least thy right hand in mine, and swear to me, not the bride's vow of faith and troth, but that vow which a virgin sist^jf may pledge to a brother, mindful to protect and to avenge her. Swear to me, that if this haughty Spartan, con- temning alike men, laws, and the household gods, should seek to constrain thy purity to his will ; if thou should^t have cause to tremble at power and force ; and fierce desire should demand what gentle love would but reverently implore, — then, Cleonice, seeing how little thy father can defend thee, wilt thou remember Antagoras, and through him, summon around thee all the majesty of Hellas ? Grant me but this prayer, and I leave thee, if in sorrow, yet not with terror." " Generous and noble Chian," returned Cleonice as her tears fell upon the hand he extended to her, — "why, why do I so ill repay thee ? Thy love is indeed that which ennobles the heart that yields it, and her who shall one day recompense thee for the loss of me. Fear not the power of Pausanias : dream not that 1 shall need a defender, while above us reign the gods, and below us lies the grave. Yet, to appease thee, take my right hand and hear my oath. If the hour comes when I have need of man's honour against il ' I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 143 4 I man's wrong, I will call on Antagoras as a brother." Their hands closed in each other ; and not trusting himself to speech, Antagoras turned away his face, and left the room. -J- Ih !l 144 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. \'M CHAPTER V. For some days, an appearance at least, of harmony was restored to the contending factions in the Byzan- tian camp. Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of the city; but he sent one by one for the more important of the Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised redress. He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanour, and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies. But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he genuinely exerted it, to remove. For it was a discontent that lay in the hostility of race to race. Though the Spartan Equals had preached courtesy to the lonians, the ordinary manner of the Spartan warriors was invariably offensive to the vain and susceptible confederates of a more polished race. A Spartan, wherever he might be placed, unconsciously assumed superiority. The levity of an Ionian was ever displeasing to him. Out of the actual battle- field, they could have no topics in common, none which did not provoke irritation and dispute. On the other hand, most of the lonians could ill conceal their disaffection, mingled with something of just contempt at the notorious and confessed incapacity of the I, I • .^ PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 145 Spartans for maritime affairs, while a Spartan was yet the commander of the fleet. And many of them, wearied with inaction, and anxious to return home, were wiUing to seize any reasonable pretext for desertion. In this last motive lay the real strength and safety of Pausanias. And to this end his previous policy of arrogance was not so idle as it had seemed to the Greeks, and appears still in the page of history. For a Spartan really anxious to preserve the pre- eminence of his country, and to prevent the sceptre of the seas passing to Athens, could have devised no plan of action more sagacious and profound than one which would disperse the lonians, and the Athenians themselves, and reduce the operations of the Grecian force to that land warfare in which the Spartan pre-emin- ence was equally indisputable and undisputed. And still Pausanias, even in his change of manner, plotted and intrigued and hoped for this end. Could he once sever from the encampment the Athenians and the Ionian allies, and yet remain with his own force at Byzantium until the Persian army could collect on the Phrygian frontier, the way seemed clear to his ambition. Under ordinary circumstances, in this object he might easily have succeeded. But it chanced that all his schemes were met with invincible mistrust by those in whose interest they were conceived, and on whose co-opera- tion they depended for success. The means adopted by Pausanias in pursuit of his policy were too distaste- ful to the national prejudices of the Spartan government to enable him to elicit from the national ambition of i M 11 ^'(1 i! I I 146 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. that government sufficient sympathy with the object of it. The more he felt himself uncomprehended and mistrusted by his countrymen, the more personal became the character, and the more unscrupulous the course of his ambition. Unhappily for Pausanias li^i.rever, the circumstances which chafed his pride, also thwarted the satisfaction of his affections ; and his criminal ambition was stimulated by that less guilty passion which shared with it the mastery of a singu- larly turbulent and impetuous soul. Not his the love of sleek, gallant, and wanton youth ; it was the love of man in his mature years, but of man to whom love till then had been unknown. In that large and dark and stormy nature all passions once admitted took the gro\^i;h of Titans. He loved as those long lonely at heart alone can love ; he loved as love the unhappy when the unfamiliar bliss of the sweet human emotion descends like dew upon the desert. To him Cleonice was a creature wholly out of the range of experience. Differing in every shade of her versatile humour from the only women he had known, the simple, sturdy, uneducated maids and matrons of Sparta, her softness enthralled him, her anger awed. In his dreams of future power, of an absolute throne and unlimited dominion, Pausanias beheld the fair Byzantine crowned by his side. Fiercely as he loved, and little as the sentiment of love mingled with his passion, he yet thought not to dishonour a victim, but to elevate a bride. What though the laws of Sparta were against such nuptials, was not the houT approaching when these r I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 147 notion eon ice ience. from urdy, tness ms of mited )wned the yet ate a ainst these e \* r laws should be trampled under his armed heel ? Since the contract with the Persians, which Gongylus assured him Xerxes would joyously and promptly fulfil, Pau- sanias already felt, in a soul whose arrogance arose from the consciousness of powers that had not yet found their field, as if he were not the subject of Sparta, but her lord and king. In his interviews with Cleonice, his language took a tone of promise and of hope that at times lulled her fears, and communicated its sanguine colourings of the future to her own dreams. With the elasticity of youth, her spirits rose from the solemn despondency with which she had replied to the reproaches of Antagoras. For though Pausanias spoke not openly of his schemes, though his words were mysterious, and his replies to her questions ambiguous and equivocal, still it seemed to her, seeing in him the hero of all Hellas, so natural that he could make the laws of Sparta yield to the weight of his authority, or relax in homage to his renown, that she indulged the belief that his influence would set aside the iron cus- toms of his country. Was it too extravagant a reward to the conqueror of the Mede to suffer him to select at least the partner of his hearth ? No, Hope was not dead in that young breast. Still might she be the bride of him whose glory had dazzled her noble and sensitive nature, till the faults that darkened it were lost in the blaze. Thus insensibly to herself her tones became softer to her stem lover, and her heart betray- ed itself more in her gentle looks. Yet again were there times when doubt and alarm returned with more ; I'd I ^ ■ 14); 148 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. \ ! than their earlier force — times when, wrapt in his lurid and al)sorbing ambition, Pausanias escaped from his usual suppressed reserve — times when she recalled that night in which she had witnessed his interview with the strangers of the East, and had trembled lest the altar should be kindled upon the ruins of his fame. For Cleonice was wholly, ardently, sublimely Greek, filled in each crevice of her soul with its lovely poetry, its beautiful superstition, its heroic freedom. As Greek, she had loved Pausanias, seeing in him the lofty incarnation of Greece itself. The descendant of the demigod, the champion of Plataea, the saviour of Hellas — theme for song till song should be no more — these attributes were what she beheld and loved; and not to have reigned by his side over a world would she have welcomed one object of that evil ambition which renounced the loyalty of a Greek for the supre- macy of a king. Meanwhile, though Antagoras had, with no mean degree of generosity, relinquished his suit to Cleonice, he dt'^ected with a jealous vigilance the continued visits of Pausanias, and burned with increasing hatred against his favoured and powerful rival. Though, in common with all the Greeks out of the Peloponnesus, he was very imperfectly acquainted with the Spartan constitution, he could not be blinded, like Cleonice, into the belief that a law so fundamental in Sparta, and so general in all the primitive States of Greece, as that which forbade intermarriage with a foreigner, could be cancelled for the Regent of Sparta, and in PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 149 ij favour of an obscure maiden of Byzantium. Every visit Pausanias paid to Cleonice but served, in his eyes, as a prelude to her ultimate dishonour. He lent him- self, therefore, with all the zeal of his vivacious and ardent character, to the design of removing Pausanias himself from Byzantium. He plotted with the im- placable Uliades and the other Ionian captains to send to Sparta a formal mission stating their grievances against the Regent, and urging his recall. But the altCied manner of Pausanias deprived them of their just pretext ; and the lonians, more and more under the influence of the Athenian chief, were disinclined to so extreme a measure without the consent of Aristides and Cimon. These two chiefs were not passive specta- tors of affairs so critical to their ambition for Athens — they penetrated into the motives of Pausanias in the novel courtesy of demeanour that he adopted, and they foresaw that if he could succeed in wearing away the patience of the allies and dispersing the fleet, yet without giving occasion for his own recall, the golden opportunity of securifAg to Athens the maritime ascend- ancy would be lost. They resolved, therefore, to make the occasion which the wiles of the Regent had de- layed^ and towards this object Antagoras, moved by his own jealous hate against Pausanias, worked inces- santly. Fearless and vigilant, he was ever on the watch for some new charge against the Spartan chief, ever relentless in stimulating suspicion, aggravating discontent, inflaming the fierce, and arguing with the timid. His less exalted station allowed him to mix i ^^^^^H'fiv '] 1 ( J i pHBm ' \ ■' £mh i ■.M c^l^^^^^y. i X 150 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. U > more familiarly with the various Ionian officers than would have become the high-born Cimon, and the dignified repute of Aristides. Seeking to distract his mind from the haunting thought of Cleonice, he flung himself with the ardour of his Greek temperament into the social pleasures, which took a zest from the design that he carried into them all. In the banquets, in the sports, he was ever seeking to increase the enemies of his rival, and where he charmed a gay companion, there he often enlisted a bold conspirator. Pausanias, the unconscious or the careless object of the Ionian's jealous hate, could not resist the fatal charm of Cleonice's presence; and if it sometimes exasperated the more evil elements of his nature, at other times it so lulled them to rest, that had the Fates given him the rightful claim to that single trea- sure, not one guilty thought might have disturbed the majesty of a soul which, though undisciplined and un- cultured, owed half its turbulence and half its rebel- lious pride to its baffled yearnings for human affection and natural joy. And Cleonice, unable to shun the visits which her weak and covetous father, despite his promised favour to the suit of Antagoras, still encour- aged; and feeling her honour, at least, if not her peace, was secured by that ascendancy which, with each successive interview between them, her character more and more asserted over the Spartan's higher nature, relinquished the tormenting levity of tone whereby she had once sought to elude his earnestness, or conceal her own sentiments. An interest in a fate so solemn, y ' i .»-^ PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. .51 an interest far deeper than mere human love, stole into her heart and elevated its instincts. She recog- nized the immense compassion which was due to the man so desolate at the head of armaments, so dark in the midst of glory. Centuries roll, customs change, but, ever since the time of the earliest mother, woman yearns to be the soother. ' Pi I ill 3! If ** 'T i 4 ii' 152 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. CHAPTER VI. It was the hour of the day when between the two principal meals of the Greeks men surrendered them- selves to idleness or pleasure ; when groups formed in the market-place, or crowded the barbers' shops to gossip and talk of news ; when the tale-teller or ballad- singer collected round him on the quays his credulous audience ; when on playgrounds that stretched behind the taverns or without the walls the more active youths assembled, and the quoit was hurled, or mimic battles waged with weapons of wood, or the Dorians weaved their simple, the lonians their more intricate or less decorous, dances. At that hour Lysander, wandering from the circles of his countrymen, walked musingly by the sea-shore. " And why," said the voice of a person who had approached him unperceived, " and why, O Lysander, art thou absent from thy comrades, thou model and theme of the youths of Sparta, foremost in their manly sports, as in their martial labours ? " Lysander turned and bowed low his graceful head, for he who accosted him was scarcely more honoured by the Athenians, whom his birth, his wealth, and his popular demeanour dazzled, than by the plain sons of Sparta, who, in his simple garb, his blunt and hasty manner, his professed admiration for all things Spartan, f i ^ t, PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 153 t beheld one Athenian at least congenial to their tastes. " The child that misses its mother," answered Lysan- der, "has small joy with its playmates. And I, a Spartan, pine for Sparta." " Truly," returned Cimon, " there must be charms in thy noble country of which we other Greeks know but little, if amidst all the luxuries and delights of Byzantium thou canst pine for her rugged hills. And although, as thou knowest well, I was once a sojourner in thy city as ambassador from my own, yet to foreign- ers so little of the inner Spartan life is revealed, that I pray thee to satisfy my curiosity and explain to me the charm that reconciles thee and thine to insti- tutions which seem to the lonians at war with the pleasures and the graces of social life."* " 111 can the native of one land explain to the son of * Alexander, King of Macedon, had visited the Athenians with overtures of peace and alliance from Xerxes and Mar- donius. These overtures were confined to the Ath snians alone, and the Spartans were fearful lest they should be accepted. The Athenians, however, generously refused them. Gold, said they, hath no amount, earth no territory how beautiful so- ever that could tempt the Athenians to accept conditions from the Mede for the servitude of Greeca. On this the Persians in- vaded Attica, and the Athenians, after waiting in vain for pro- mised aid from Sparta, took refuge at Salamis. Meanwhile, they had sent messengers or ambassadors to Sparta, to remonstrate on the violation of their agreement in delaying succour. This chanced at the very time when, by the death of his father Cieombrotus, Pausanias became Regent. Slowly, and after much hesitation, the Spartans sent them aid uiidc-i Pau- sanias. T\f o of the ambassadors were Aristides and Cimon. '. i! I. I »■( 154 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. another why he loves it,' returned Lysander. " That which the Ionian calls pleasure is to me but tedious vanity ; that which he calls grace, is to me but ener- vate levity. Me it pleases to find the day, from sunrise to night, full of occupations that leave no langour, that employ, but not excite. For the morning, our gymnasia, our military games, the chase— diversions that brace the limbs and leav^e us in pea^-e fit for war — div :rson«?, which, julike the brawls of the wordy Agora, bless us with the calm mind and clear spirit resulting form vigorous habits, anc ensuring jocund health. Neon brings our simple feast, shared in public, enlivened by jest • late at eve we collect m our Leschae, and the winter nights seem short, listening to the old men's talk of our sires and heroes. To us life is one serene yet active holiday. No Spartan con- desc nds to labour, yet no Spartan Cu.i womanise himself by ease. For us, too, differing from you Ionian Greeks, for us women are companions, not slaves. Man's youth is passed under the eyes and in the presence of those from whom he may select, as his heart inclines, the future mother of his children. Not for us your feverish and miserable ambitions, the intrigues of demagogues, the drudgery of the mart, the babble of the populace ; we alone know the quiet repose of heart. That which I see everj'where else, the knawing strife of passion, visits not the stately calm of the Spartan life. We have the leisure, not of the body alone, but of the soul. Equality with us is the all in all, and we know not that jealous anguish -- I ' !:i : PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 155 the desire to rise one above the other. We busy our- selves not in making wealth, in ruling mobs, in osten- tatious rivalries of state, and gaud, and power — struggles without an object. When we struggle it is for an end. Nothing moves us from our calm, but danger to Sparta, or woe to Hellas. Harmony, peace, and order — these are the graces of our social life. Pity us, O Athenian !" Cimon had listened with profound attention to a speech unusually prolix and descriptive for a Spartan ; and he sighed deeply as it closed. For that young Athenian, destined to so renowned a place in the his- tory of his country, was, despite his popular manners, no favourer of the popular passions. Lofty and calm, and essentially an aristocrat by nature and opinion, this picture of a life unruffled by the restless changes of democracy, safe and aloof from the shifting humours of the multitude, charmed and allured him. He for- got for the moment those counter propensities which made him still Athenian — the taste for magnificence, the love of women, and the desire of rule. His busy schemes slept within him, and he answered : " Happy is the Spartan who thinks with you. Yet," he added, after a pause, " yet own that there are amongst you many to whom the life you describe has ceased to proffer the charms that enthrall you, and who envy the more diversified and exciting existence of surrounding States. Lysander's eulogiums shame his chief Pausanias." It is not for me, nor for thee, whose years scarce m (I 156 PAUSANIAS, THF SPARTAN. I) I ^l exceed my own, to i'ldge of our elders in renown," said Lysander, with a slight shade over his calm brow. " Pausanias will surely be found still a Spartan, when Sparta needs him ; and the heart of the Heracleid beats under the robe of the Mede." " Be frank with me, Lysander ; thou knowest that my own countrymen often jealously accuse me of loving Sparta too well. I imitate, say they, the man- ners and dress of the Spartan, as Pausanias those of the Mede. Trust me then, and bear with me, when I say that Pausanias ruins the cause of Sparta. If he tarry here longer in the command he will render all the allies enemies to thy country. Already he has im- paired his fame and dimmed his laurels ; already, despite his pretexts and excuses, we perceive that his whole nature is corrupted. Recall him to Sparta, while it is yet time — time to reconcile the Greeks with Sparta, time to save the hero of Plataea from the con- taminations of the East. Preserve his own glory, dearer to thee as his special friend than to all men, yet dear to me, though an Athenian, from the memory of the deeds which delivered Hellas." « Cimon spoke with the blunt and candid eloquence natural to him, and to which his manly countenance and earnest tone and character for truth gave singular Lysander remained long silent. At length he said, " I neither deny nor assent to thine arguments, son of Miltiades. The Ephors alone can judge of their wisdom." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 157 enown," ni brow, in, when eracleid est that me of le man- hose of when I If he ider all has im- I ready, hat his Sj)arta, cs with le con- K'nry, in, yet ory of uence nance igular said, son their i m*9i " But if we address them, by message, to the Ephors, thou and the nobler Spartans will not resent our re- monstrances ?" " All that injures Pausanias Lysander will resent. Little know I of the fables of poets, but Homer is at least as familiar to the Donan as to the Ionian, and I think with him that between friends there i$ but one love and one anger." " Then are the frailties of Pausanias dearer to thee than his fame, or Pausanias himself dearer to thee than Sparta — the erring brother than the venerable mother." Lysander's voice died on his lips ; the reproof struck home to him. He turned away his face, and with a slow wave of his hand seemed to implore forbearance. Cimon was touched by the action and the generous embarrassment of the Spartan ; he saw, too, that he had left in the mind he had addressed thoughts that might work as he had designed, and he judged by the effect produced on Lysander what influence the same arguments might effect addressed to others less under the control of personal friendship. Therefore, with a few gentle words, he turned aside, continued b'"^ way, and left Lysander alone. Entering the town, the Athenian threaded his path through some of the narrow lanes and alleys that wound from the quays towards the citadel, avoiding the broader and more frequented streets. The course he took was such as rendered it little probable that he should encounter any of the higher classes, and espe- l ■ ' I 166 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. As Leostratus of Croton, At the Pythian God's behest, Steer'd along the troubled waters To the tranquil spirit-land. In the earthquake of the battle, When the Locrians reel'd before Croton's shock of marching iron. Strode a Phantom to their van : Strode the shade of Locrian Ajax, Guarding still the native soil, And Leostratus, confronting. Wounded fell before the spear. Leech and herb the wound could heal not ; Said the Pythian God, ** Depart, Voyage o'er the troubled Euxine To the tranquil spirit-land. ** There abides the Locrian Ajax, He who gave the wound shall heal ; Godlike souls are in their mercy Stronger yet than in their wrath." While at ease on lulled waters Rose the blessed silver isle. Purple vines in lengthening vistas Knit the hill-top to the beach. And the beach had sparry caverns. And a floor of golden sands. And wherever soared the cypress, Unucrneath it bloomed the rose. Glimmered there amid the vine trees, Thoro' cavern, over beach, Lifelike shadows of a beauty Which the living know no more. m I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN, Towering statures of great heroes, They who fought at Thebes and Troy ; And with looks that poets dream of Beam'd the women heroes loved. Kingly, forth before their comrades. As the vessel touched the shore, Came the stateliest Two, by Hymen Ever hallowed into One. As He strode, the forests trembled To the awe that crowned his brow i As She stepp'd, the ocean dimpled To the ray that left her smile. " Welcome hither, fearless warri )r ! " Said a voice in which there s'ept Thunder-sounds to scatter armies. As a north- wind scatters leaves. ** Welcome hither, wounded sufferer," Said a voice of music low As the coo of doves that nestle Under summer boughs at noon. ** Who are ye, O shapes of glory ? " Ask'd the wondering living man : Quoth the Man-ghost, "This is Helen, And the Fair is for the Brave. ** Fairest prize to bravest victor ; Whom doth Greece her bravest deem?" Said Leostratus, " Achilles : " "Bride and bridegroom then are we." *• Low I kneel to thee. Pelides, But, O marvel, she thy bride, She whose guilt unpeopled Hellas, She whose marriage lights fired Troy?" 167 h 'i? i t :ll < 1 i tl 1^; i 1' 168 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Frown'd the large front of Achilles, Overshadowing sea and sky, Even as when between Olympus And Oceanus hangs storm. " Know, tho'- dullarri '' si'.d Pelides, "Thnt r,)i • ise i.cVi pyre Eardily sins at pur!:';'.d from glory, And the So. aa thf Name." If to her in life — a Paris, If to me in life — a slave, Helen's mate is /lere Achilles, Mine — the sister of the stars. Nought of her survives but beauty, Nought of me survives but fame ; Here the Beautiful and Famous Intermingle evermore." Then throughout the Blessed Island Sang aloud the Race of Light, " Know, the Beautiful and Famou.^ Marry here for everr. ore ! " " Thy song bears a meaning deeper than its words," said Pausanias ; " but if that meaning be consolation, I comprehend it not." " I do," said Cleonice. " Singer, I pray thee draw .near. Let us talk of what my lost mother said was the favourite theme of the grander sages of Miletus. Let us talk of what lies afar and undiscovered amid waters more troubled than the Euxine. Let us speak of the Land of Souls." " Who ever returned from that land to tell u^" of it ?" PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 169 words," olation, 2e draw was the Let us waters of the of it ?" said PauSrtiiias. " Voyager's that never voyaged thither save m song." " Son of Cleombi Jtus," said Alcman, " hast thou not beard hat n one of the cities founded by thine ancestor, Here lies, and named after his own name, there yet dwells a Priesthood that can summon to living eyes the Phantoms of the Dead ?" " No," answered Pausanias, with the credulou' n- der common to eager natures which Philosophy h -s not withdrawn from the realm of superstition "But," asked Cleonice, "does it need the r^'^ .ro- mancer to convince us that the soul does n >t perish vLen the breath leaves the lips? If I j^ U^e the burthen of thy song aright, thou art not, O Singer, uninitiated in the divine and consoling doctrines which, emanating, it is said, from the schocls of Miletus, establish the immortality of the soul, not for Demigods and Heroes only, but for us all ; which imply the soul's purification from earthly sins, in some regions less chilling and stationary than the sunless and melancholy Hades." Alcman looked at the girl surprised. " Art thou not, maiden," said he, " one of the many female disciples whom the successors of Pythagoras the Samian have enrolled ?" " Nay," said Cleonice, modestly ; " but my mother had listened to great teachers of wisdom, and I speak imperfectly the thoughts I have heard her utter when she told me she had no terror of the grave." Fair Byzantine," returned the Mothon, while Pau- m (( .■t> ,.tiAi 170 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 'i i\ sanias, leaning his upraised face on his hand, listened mutely to themes new to his mind and foreign to his Spartan culture. " Fair Byzantine, we in Lacediemon, whether free or enslaved, are not educated to the subtle learning which distinguishes the intellect of Ionian Sages. But I, bom and licensed to be a poet, converse eagerly with all who swell the stores which enrich the treasure-house of song. And thus, since we have left the land of Sparta, and more especially in yon city, the centre of many tribes and of many minds, I have picked up, as it were, desultory and scattered notions, which, for want of a fitting teacher, I bind and arrange for myself as well as I may. And since the ideas that now float through the atmosphere of Hellas are not confined to the great, nay, perhaps are less visible to them, than to those whose eyes are not riveted on the absorbing substances of ambition and power, so I have learned something, I know not how, save that I have listened and reflected. And here, where I have heard what sages conjecture of a world which seems so far off, but to which we are so near that we may reach it in a moment, my interest might indeed be intense. For what is this world to him who came into it a slave !" " Alcman," exclaimed Pausanias, " the foster-brother of the Heracleid is no more a slave." The Mothon bowed his head gratefully, but the expression on his face retained the same calm and sombre resignation. " Alas," said Cleonice, with the delicacy of female 1 '. I I'AUSANIAS, THK SI'AKTAN. 171 , listened ^ to his ediemon, 1 to the ellect of e a poet, 2S which since we ly in yon minds, I scattered 3ind and lince the )f Hellas are less are not ion and lot how, here, a world so near might im who brother ut the m and female consolation, " who in this life is really freci* Have citizens no thraldom in custom and law? Are we not all slaves ?" "True. All slaves?" murmured the royal victor. " Envy none, O Alcman. Yet," he continued gloomily, "what is the life beyond the grave which sacred tradition and anc'ent song holds out to us ? Not thy silver island, vain singer, unless it be only for an early race more immediately akin to the Gods. Shadows in the shade are the dead ; at the best reviving only their habits when on earth, in phantom-like delusions ; aiming spectral darts like Orion at spectral lions ; things bloodless and pulseless; existences followed to no pur- pose through eternity, as dreams are through anight. Who cares so to live again ? Not I." " The sages that now ri'-^ around, and speak oracles different from those heard at Delphi," said Alcman, " treat not thus the Soul's immortality. They begin by inquiring how creation rose ; they seek to find the primitive element: what that may be they dispute; some say the fiery, some the airy, some the ethereal element. Their language here is obscure. But it is a something which forms, harmonizes, works, and lives on for ever. And of that something is the Soul ; creative, harmonious, active, an element in itself. Out of its development here, that soul comes on to a new development elsewhere. If here the beginning lead to that new development in what we call virtue, it moves to light and joy : — if it can only roll on through the grooves it has here made for itself, in what we call n I , fi y? 172 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN, H vice and crime, its path is darkness and wretched- ness." " In what we call virtue — what we call vice and crime? Ah," said Pausanias, with a stern sneer, " Spartan virtue, O Alcman, is what a Helot may call crime. And if ever the Helot rose and shouted freedom, would he not say. This is virtue ? Would the Spartan call it virtue, too, my foster-brother ?" " Son of Cleombrotus," answered Alcman, " it is not for me to vindicate the acts of the master ; nor to blame the slave who is of my race. Yet the sage defin6rs of virtue distinguish between the Conscience of a Polity and that of the Individual Man. Self-pre- servation is the instinct of every community, and all the ordinances ascribed to Lycurgus are designed to preserve the Spartan existence. For what are the pure Spartan race ? a handful of men established as lords in the midst of a hostile population. Close by the eyrie thine eagle fathers built in the rocks, hung the silent Amyclae, a city of foes that cost the Spartans many generations to subdue. Hence thy State was a camp, its citizens sentinels ; its children were brought up from the cradle to support the stern life to which necessity devoted the men. Hardship and privation were second nature. Not enough to be brave ; vigi- lance was equally essential. Every Spartan life was precious ; therefore came the cunning which charac- terises the Spartan ; therefore the boy is per'^itted to steal, but punished if detected ; therefore the whole Commonwealth strives to keep aloof from the wars of PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 173 Greece unless itself be threatened. A single battle in a common cause might suffice to depopulate the Spar- tan race, and leave it at the mercy of the thousands that so reluctantly own its dominion. Hence the ruthless determination to crush the spirit, to degrade the class of the enslaved Helots ; hence its dread lest the slumbering brute force of the Servile find in its own masses a head to teach the consciousness, and a hand to guide the movements, of its power. These are the necessities of the Polity, its vices are the out- growth of its necessities ; and the life that so galls thee, and which has sometimes rendered mad those who re- turn to it from having known another, and the danger that evermore surrounds the lords of a sullen multitude, are the punishments of these vices. Comprehendest thou?" " I comprehend." " But individuals have a conscience apart from that of the community. Every community has its errors in its laws. No human laws, how skilfully soever framed, but give to a national character defects as well as merits, merits as well as defects. Craft, selfishness, cruelty to the subdued, inhospitable frigidity to neighbours make the defects of the Spartan character. But," addeu Alcman, with a kind of reluctant anguish in hi, voice, " the character has its grand virtues, too, or would the Helots not be the masters ? Valour indomitable; grand scorn of death; passionate ardour for the Stiite which is so severe a mother to them ; antique faith in the sacred altars ; sublime dc I i 'Hi 174 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. votion to what is held'to be duty. Are these not found in the Spartan beyond all the Greeks, as thou seest them in thy friend Lysander ; in that soul, stately, pure, compact in its own firm substance as a statue within a temple is in its Parian stone ? But what the Gods ask from man is virtue in himself, according as he comprehends it. And, therefore, here all societies are equal ; for the Gods pardon in the man the faults he shares with his Community, and ask from him but the good and the beautiful, such as the nature of his Community will permit him to conceive and to accomplish. Thou knowest that there are many kinds of music — for instance, the Doric, th ^ jEolian, the Ionian — in Hellas. The Lydians have their music, the Phrygians theirs too. The Scyth and the Mede doubtless have their own. Each race prefers the music it cultivates, and finds fault ,with the music of other races. And yet a man who has learned melody and measure, will recognize a music in them all. So it is with virtue, the music of the human soul. It differs in differing races. But he who has learned to know what virtue is can recognize its harmonies, wherever they be heard. And thus the soul that fulfils its own notions of music, and carries them up to its idea of excellence, is the master soul; and in the regions to which it goes^ when the breath leaves the lips, it pursues the same art set free from the trammels that confined, and the false judgments thac marred it here. For then the soul is no longer Spartan, or Ionian, Lydian, Median, or Scythian. Escaped into the i' ii PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 175 ot found ou seest stately, a statue i^hat the rding as societies le faults him but e of his and to ly kinds an, the music, p Mede 2 music f other fnelody !m all. 1 soul. earned lonies, : fulfils > to its :n the es the nmels Ted it )nian, the upper air, it is the citizen of universal freedom and universal light. And hence it does not live as a ghost in gloomy shades, being merely a pale memory of things that have passed away; but in its primitive being as an emanation from the one divine principle which penetrates everywhere, vivifies all things, and enjoys in all. This is what I weave together from the doctrines of varying schools; schools that collect from the fields of thought flowers of different kinds which conceal, by adorning it, the ligament that unites them all : this, I say, O Pausanias, is my conception of the soul." Cleonice rose softly, and taking from her bosom a rose, kissed it fervently, and laid it at the feet of the singer. " Were this my soul," cried she, " I would ask thee to bind it in the wreath." Vague and troubled thoughts passed meanwhile through the mind of the Heracleid, old ideas being disturbed and dislodged, the new ones did not find easy settlement in a brain occupied with ambitious schemes and a heart agitated by stormy passions. In much superstitious, in much sceptical, as education had made him the one, and experience but of worldly things was calculated to make him the other, he fol- lowed not the wing of the philosophy which passed through heights not occupied by Olympu and dived into depths where no Tartarus echoed to the wail of Cocytus. After a pause he said in his perplexity, 17f? PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. !! -a !? '^ . V i. -^ ^' 1 ^ i! ■ 1 , ^ i "Well mayst thou own that no Delphian oracle tells the§ all this. And when thou speakest of the Divine Principle as One, dost thou not, O presumptuous man, depopulate the halls of Ida? Nay, is it not Zeus himself whom thou dethronest; is not thy Divine Principle the Fate which Zeus himself must obey ? " " There is a young man of Clazomense," answered the singer, "named Anaxagoras, who avoiding all active life, though of birth the noblest, gives himself up to contemplation, and whom I have listened to in the city as he passed through it, on his way into Egypt. And I heard him say, ' Fate is an empty name.' * Fate is blind, the Divine is All-seeing." " How ! " cried Cleonice. " An empty name — she ! Necessity the All-compelling." The musician drew from the harp one of the most artful of Sappho's exquisite melodies. " What drew forth that music ? " he asked, smiling. "My hand and my will from a genius not present, not visible. Was that genius a blind fate ? no, it was a grand intelligence. Nature is to the Deity what my hand an will are to the unseen genius of the musician. They obey an intelligence and they form a music. If creation proceed from an intelligence, «what we call fate is but the consequence of its laws. And Nature operates not in the external world alone, but in the core of all life ; therefore in the mind of man obeying * Anaxagoras was then between 20 and 30 years of age. — See Ritter, vol. ii., for the sentiment here ascribed to him, and a general view of his tenets. PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 177 iracle tells he Divine lous man, not Zeus ly Divine 3bey ? " answered aiding all js himself ned to in ito Egypt, name.' * me — she ! the most , smiling, sent, not 1, it was a |what my usician. usic. If we call Nature t in the obeying ige. — See Ini, and a only what some supreme intelligence has placed there ; therefore in man's mind producing music or discord, according as he has learned the principles of harmony, that is, of good. And there be sages who declare that Intelligence and Love are the same. Yet," added the Mothon, with an aspect solemnly compassionate, "not the love thou mockest by the name of Aphrodite. No mortal eye hath ever seen that love within the known sphere, yet all insensibly feel its reign. What keeps the world together but affection ? What makes the earth bring forth its fruits, but the kint'ness which beams in the sunlight and descends in the dews? What makes the lioness watch over her cubs, and the bird, with all air for its wanderings, come back to the fledglings in its nest ? Strike love, the conjoiner, from creation, and creation returns to a void. Destroy love the parental, and life is bom but to perish. Where stop the influence of love or how limit its multiform degrees ? Loves guards the fatherland ; crowns with turrets the walls of the freeman. What > > it love binds the citizens of States together, and frames and heeds the laws that submit individual liberty to the rule of the common good ? Love creates, love cements, love enters and harmonises all things. And as like attracts like, so love attracts in the hereafter the loving souls that conceived it here. From the region where it summons them, its opposites are excluded. There ceases war; there ceases fain. There indeed intermingle the beautiful and the glorious, but beauty purified from earthly sin, the glorious resting 178 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. >-i. . 11 !l from earthly toil. Ask ye how to know on earth where love is really presiding ? Not in Paphos, not in Amathus. Wherever thou seest beauty and good ; wherever thou seest life, and that life pervaded with faculties of joy, there thou seest love; there thou shouldst recognize the Divinity." " And where I see misery and hate," said the Spartan, " what shouM I recognize there ? " " Master," returned the singer, " can the good come without a struggle? Is the beautiful accomplished without strife? Rec^.U the tales of primeval chaos, when, as sang the Ascraean singer, love first darted into the midst; imagine the heave and throe of joining elements ; conjure up the firs:' living shapes, born of the fluctuating slime and vapour. Surely they were things incomplete, deformed ghastly fragments of being, as are the dreams of a maniac. Had creative Love stopped there, and then, standing on the height of some fair completed world, had viewed the warring portents, wouldst thou not have said — But these are the works of Evil and Hate? Love did not stop there, it worked on ; and out of the chaos once ensouled, this glorious world swung itself into ether, the completed sister of the stars. Again, O my listeners, contemplate the sculptor, when the block from the granite shaft first stands rude and shapeless befor*.' him. See him in hie earlier strife with the obstma.e ma iter— how uncouth the first outline of limb and xc^ture; unlovelier often in the rugged PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 179 ^ on earth *aphos, not and good ; ^aded with there thou said the ^ood come omplished t^al chaos, St darted of joining >, born of ;hey were nents of 1 creative le height : warring hese are lot stop )s once ether, O my block apeless the me of ugged t commencements of shape, than when the dumb mass stood shapeless. If the sculptor had stopped there, the thing might serve as an image for r.Iie savage of an abominable creed, engaged in the sacrifice of human flesh. But he pauses not, he works on. Stroke by stroke comes from the stone a shape of jnore beauty than man himself is endowed with, and in a human temple stands a celestial image. " Thus is it with the soul in the mundane sphere ; it works it way on through the adverse matter. We see its work half completed ; we cry, Lo, this is misery, this is hate — because the chaos is not yet a perfect world, and the stone block is not yet a statue of Apollo. But for that reason must we pause ? — no, we must work on, till the victory brings the repose. " All things come into order from the war of con- traries — the elements fight and wrestle to produce the wild flower at our feet ; from a wild flower man hath striven and toiled to perfect the marvellous rose of e hundred leaves. Hate is necessary for the energit jf love, evil for the activity of good ; until, I saA le victory is won, until Hate and Evil are subdu( as the sculptor subdues the stone; and then rise the divine image serene for ever, and rests on its p destal in the Uranian Temi)le, Lift thine eyes ; that temple is yonder. O Pausanias, the sculptor's work-room is the earth." Alcman paused, and sweeping his hand once more over his lyre, chanted as follv)ws : i ti i 180 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ** Dewdrop that weepest on the sharp-barbed thorn, Why didst thou fall from Day's golden chalices ? ' My tears bathe the thorn,' said the Dewdrop, * To nourish the bloom of the rose.' *' Soul rf the Infant, why to calamity Coinest thou wailing from the calm spirit-source ? ' Ask of the Dew,' said the Infant, ' Why it descends on the thorn ! ' * Dewdrop from storm, and soul from calamity Vanish soon — whither ? let the Dew answer thee ; Have iiot my tears been my glory ? Tears drew me up to the sun.' " What were thine uses, that thou art glorified ? What did thy tears give, profiting earth or sky ? ' There to the thorn-stem a blossom, Here, to the Iris a tint.'" Alcman had modulated the tones of his voice into a sweetness so plaintive and touching, that, when he paused, the hand-maidens had involuntarily risen and gathered round, hushed and noiseless. Cleonice had lowered her veil over her face and bosom ; but the heaving of its tissue betrayed her half-suppressed, gentle sob ; and the proud mournfulness on the Spar- tan's swarthy countenance had given way to a soft composure, melancholy still — but melancholy as a lulled, though dark water, over which starlight steals through disparted cloud. Cleonice was the first to break the speP which iDOund them all. *' 1 would go within,'' she murmured faintly. " The iti i;-. s. PATISANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 181 sun, now slanting, strikes through the vine-leaves, and blinds me with its glare." " Pausanias approached timidly, and taking her by the hand, drew her aside, along one of the grassy alleys that stretched onwards to the sea. The handmaidens tarried behind to cluster nearer round the singer. They forgot he was a slave. ' ''ii m j i'S iy J82 I'AirSANIAS, THF, SPAU'I'AN. 1 ■ ! ^ I i; ' i :ir CHAPTER It. " Thou art weeping still, Cleonice ! " said the Spartan, " and I have not the privilege to kiss away thy tears." " Nay, 1 weep not," answered the girl, throwing up her veil ; and her face was calm, if still sad — the tear * yet on the eyelids, but the smile upon the lip — SaHpvoEi^ yeXoloida. "Thy singer has learned his art from a teacher heavenlier than the Pierides, and its name is Hope." " But if I understand him aright," said Pausanias, " the Hope that inspires him is a goddess who blesses us little on the earth," As if the Mothon had overheard the Spartan, his voice hero sudde nly rose behind them singing : " T/iere the Beautiful and Glorious Intermingle evermore." Involuntarily both turned. The Mothon seemed as if explaining to the handmaids the allegory of his marriage song upon Helen and Achilles, for his hand was raised on high, and again, with an emphasis, he chanted : " There, throughout the IHessed Islands, And amid the Race of I ight, Do the Beautiful and Glorious Intermingle evermore." I r; 1 PAUSANIAS, THF. SPARTAN. 18' partan, tears." ^ing up he tear lip- his art md its isanias, blesses in, his led as of his hand >is, he " Canst thou not wait, if thou so lovest me ?" said Cleonice, with more tenderness in her voice than it had ever yet betrayed to him ; " life is very short. Hush!" she continued, checking the passionate interruption that burst from his lips ; " I have something I would confide to thee : listen. Know that in my childhood I had a dear friend, a maiden a few years older than m)'self, and she had the divine gift of trance which comes from Apollo. Often, gazing into space, her eyes became fixed, and her frame still as a statue's; then a shiver seized hvH lin\bs, and prophecy broke from her lips. And she told me, in one of these hours, when, as she said, ' all space and all time seemed spread before her like a sunlit ocean,' she told me of my futures so far as its leaves have yet unfolded from tlH^ stem of my life. Spartan, she prophesied that I should see tuce — and — " Cleonice paused, blushing, and then hurried on, " and she told me that suddenly her eye could follow my fate on the earth no more, that it vanished out of the time and the space on which it gazed, and saying it she wept, and broke into funeral song. And therefore, Pausanits, I say life is very short for me at least — " " Hold," cried Pausanias ; " torture not me, nor de- lude thyself with the dreams of a raving girl. Lives she near ? Let me visit her with thee, and I will prove thy prophetess an impostor." " They whom the priesthood of Delphi employ througliout Hellas to find the fit natures for a Pytho- ness heard of her, and heard herself She whom thou I ', fill ii t : \ 'I !:r 184 I'AirSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. 2 callest impostor gives the answer to perplexed ration*! from the Pythian shrine. But wherefore doubt her ? — where the sorrow ? I feel none. If love does rule the worlds beyond, and does unite souls who love nobly here, yonder \^e shall meet, O descendant of Hercules, and human laws will not part us there." " Thou die ! die before me ! thou, scarcely half my years ! And I t e left here, with no comfort but a singer's dreamy verse, not even mine ambition ! Thrones would vanish out of earth, and turn to cinders in thine um." " Speak not of thrones," said Cleonice, with implor- ing softness, " for the prophetess, too, spake of steps that went towards a throne, and vanished at the thres- hold of darkness, beside which sate the Furies. Speak not of thrones, dream but of glory and Hellas — of what thy soul tells thee is that virtue which makes life an Uranian music, and thus unites it to thee eternal symphony, as the breath of the single flute melts when it parts from the instrument, into the great concord of the choir. Knowest thou not that in the creed of the Persians each mortal is watched on earth by a good spirit and an evil one ? And they who loved us below, or to whom we have done beneficient and gentle deeds, if they go before us into death, pass to the side of the good spirit, and strengthen him to save and to bless thee against the malice of the bad, and the bad is strengthened in his turn by those whom we have in- jured. Wouldst thou have all the Greeks whose birthright thou wouldst barter, whose blood thou ^ .f I mmmmmmm PAIJSANIAS, IHK SPAR'IAN. 185 nation*! her?— ule the ^ nobly rcules, lalf my but a bition ! binders implor- f steps i thres- Speak as — of ces life eternal > when :ord of of the I good below, deeds, of the ' bless •ad is ve in- vhose thou wouldst shed for barbaric aid to thy solitary and law- less power, stand by the side of the evil Kiend ? And what could I do against so many ? what could my soul do," added Cleonice with simple pathos, " by the side of the kinder spirit ?" Fausanias was wholly subdued. He knelt to the girl, he kissed the hem of her robe, and for the moment ambition, luxury, pomp, pride fled from his soul, and left there only the grateful tenderness of the man, and the lofty instincts of the hero. But just then — was it the evil spirit that sent him ? — the boughs of the vine were put aside, and Gongylus the Eretrian stood before them. His black eyes glittered keen upon Pausanias, who rose from his knee, startled and displeased. "What brings thee hither, man?" said the Regent, haughtily. " Danger," answered Gongylus, in a hissing whisper. " Lose not a moment — come." " Danger !" ,'xclaimed Cleonice, tremblingly, and clasping her hands, and all the human love at her heart was visible in her aspect. " Danger, and to him r " Danger is but as the breeze of my native air," said the Spartan, smiling; "thus I draw it in and thus breathe it away. I follow thee, Gongylus. Take my greeting, Cleonice — the Good to the Beautiful. Well, then, keep Alcman yet awhile to sing thy kind face to repose, and this time let him tune his lyre to songs of a more Dorian strain — songs that show what a Hera- cleid thinks of danger." i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■45 IM ■2.5 lU Ui 12.2 1^ fclB Hi u lAO im 11.25 III 1.4 1.6 6" <^ "m v: z^'*'** ^j>' ^ 7 #' PhotDgraphic Sdences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STRUT WfBSTEt.N.Y. 14SM (716)S72-4S03 Ss vM m 186 PAl/SANIAS, THE SPARTAN. He waved his hand, and the two men, striding hastily, passed along the vine alley, darkened its vista for a few minutes, then vanishing down the descent to the beach, the wide blue sea again lay alone and still before the eyes of the Byzantine maid. PAUSANFAS, THE SPARTAN. 187 Img ista t to still CHAPTER III. Pausanias and the Eretrian halted on the shore. " Now speak," said the Spartan Regent. " Where is the danger ? "Before thee," answered Gongylus, and his hand pointed to the ocean. " I see the fleet of the Greeks in the harbour — I see the flag of my galley above the forest of their masts. I see detached vessels skimming along the waves hither and thither as in holiday and sport ; but dis- cipline slackens where no foe dares to show himself. Eretrian, I see no danger." " Yet danger is there, and where danger is thou shouldst be. I have learned from my spies, not an hour since, that there is a conspiracy formed — a mutiny on the eve of an outburst. Thy place now should be in thy galley." " My boat waits yonder in that creek, overspread by the wild shrubs," answered Pausanias ; " a few strokes of the oar, and I am where thou seest. And in truth, without thy summons, I should have been on board ere sunset, seeing that on the morrow I have ordered a general review of the vessels of the fleet. Was that to be the occasion for the mutiny ?" " So it is supposed." "I shall see the faces of the mutineers," said 188 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 1 r A¥ n tui Pausanias, with a calm visage, and an eye which seemed to brighten the very atmosphere. " Thou shakest thy head ; is this all ?" " Thou art not a bird — this moment in one place, that moment in another. There, with yon armament, is the danger thou canst meet. But yonder sails a danger which thou canst not, I fear me, overtake." "Yonder!" said Pausanias, his eye following the hand of the Eretrian. " I see naught save the white wing of a seagull — perchance, by i^s dip into the water, it foretells a storm." " Farther off than the seagull, and seeming smaller than the white spot of its wing, seest thou nothing?" " A dim speck on the farthest horizon, if mine eyes mistake not." " The speck of a sail that is bound to Sparta. It carries with it a request for thy recall." This time the cheek of Pausanias paled, and his voice slightly faltered as he said, " Art thou sure of this ? " " So I hear that the Samian captain, Uliades, has boasted at noon in the public baths." "A Samian ! — is it only a Samian who hath ventured to address to Sparta a complaint of her General. " From what I could gather," replied Gongylus, " the complaint is more powerfully backed. But I have not as yet heard more, though I conjecture that Athens has not been silent, and before the vessel sailed Ionian captains were seen to come with joyous faces from the lodgings of Cimon." j.jir*iiMMhrti*" PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 189 )f It his The Regent's brow grew yet more troubled, " Cimon, of all the Greeks out of Laconia, is the one whose word would weigh most in Sparta. But my Spartans themselves are not suspected of privity and connivance in this mission ? " " It is not said tlfeit they are." Pausanias shaded his face with his hand for a mo- ment in deep thought. Gongylus continued — " If the Ephors recall thee before the Asian army is on the frontier, farewell to the sovereignty of Hellas ! " " Ha !" cried Pausanias, " tempt me not. Thinkest thou I need other tempter than I have here?" — smiting hisTjreast. Gongylus recoiled in surprise. " Pardon me Pau- sanias, but temptation is another word for hesitation. I dreamed that I could not tempt ; I did not know that thou didst hesitate." The Spartan remained silent. " Art not thy messengers on the road to the great king ? — nay, perhaps already they have reached him. Didst thou not say how intolerable to thee would be life henceforth in the iron thraldom of Sparta — and now ? " " And now — I forbid thee to question me more. Thou hast performed thy task, leave me to mine." He sprang with the spring of the mountain goat from the crag on which he stood — over a precipitous chasm, lighted on a narrow ledge, from which a slip of the foot would have been sure death, another bound yet more fearful, and his whole weight hung suspended -n 190 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. n ' ti \« i;|i by the bough of the ilex which he grasped with a single hand ; then from bough to bough, from crag to crag, the Eretrian saw him descending till he vanished amidst the trees that darkened over the fissures at the foot of the cliff. And before Gongylus had recovered his amaze at the almost preterhuman agility and vigour of the Spar- tan, and his dizzy sense at the contemplation of such peril braved by another, a boat shot into the sea from the green creek, and he saw Pausanias seated beside Lysander on one of the benches, and conversing with him, as if in calm earnestness, while the ten rowers sent the boat towards the fleet with the swiftness of an arrow to its goal. " Lysander," said Pausanius, " hast thou heard that the lonians have offered to me the insult of a mission to the Ephors demanding my recall ?" " No. Who would tell me of insult to thee ?" " But hast thou any conjecture that other Spartans around me, and who love me less than thou, would approve, nay, have approved, this embassy of spies and malcontents?" "I think none have so approved. I fear some would so approve. The Spartans round thee would rejoice did they know that the pride of their armies, the Victor of Plataea, were once more within their walls." " Even to the danger of Hellas from the Mede ?" " They would rather all Hellas were Medised than Pausanias the Heracleid." "Boy, bov," said Pausanias, between his ground PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 191 teeth," dost thou not see that what is sought is the dis- grace of Pausanias the Heracleid ? Grant that I am recalled from the head of this armament, and on the charge of lonians, and I am dishonoured in the eyes of all Greece. Dost thou remember in the last Olym- piad that when Themistocles, the only rival now to me in glory, appeared on the Altis, assembled Greece rose to greet and do him honour ? And if I, deposed, dis- missed, appeared at the next Olympiad, how would assembled Greece receive me ? Couldst thou not see the pointed finger and hear the muttered taunt — That is Pausanias, whom the lonians banished from Byzantium. No, I must abide here ; I must prosecute the vast plans which shall dwarf into shadow the petty genius of Themistocles. I must counteract this mischievous embassy to the Ephors. I must send to them an am- bassador of my own. Lysander, wilt thou go, and burying in thy bosom thine own Spartan prejudices, deem that thou canst only serve me by proving the reasons why I should remain here ; pleading for me, arguing for me, and winning my suit?" "It is for thee. to command and for me to obey thee," answered Lysander, simply. " Is not that the duty of soldier to chief? When we converse as friends I may contend with thee in speech. When thou sayest. Do this, I execute thine action. To reason with thee would be revolt." Pausanias placed his clasped hands on the young man's shoulder, and leaving them there, impressively said — I 111 192 PAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. ^ i " I select thee for this mission because thee alone can I trust. And of me hast thou a doubt?- -tell me." " If I saw thee taking the Persian gold I should say that the Demon had mocked mine eyes with a delusion. Never could I doubt, unless — unless — " "Unless what?" " Thou wert standing under Jove's sky against the arms of Hellas." " And then, if some other chief bade thee raise thy sword against me, thou art Spartan nnd wouldst obey?" " I am Spartan, and cannot believe that I should ever have a cause, or listen to a command, to raise my sword against the chief I now serve and love," replied Lysander. Pausanias withdrew his hands from the young man's broad shoulder. He felt humbled beside the quiet truth of that sublime soul. His own deceit became more black to his conscience. " Methinks," he said tremulously, " I will not send thee after all — and per- haps the news may be false." The boat had now gained the fleet, and steering amidst the crowded tiremes, made its way towards the floating banner of the Spartan Serpent. More im- mediately round the General's galley were the vessels of the Peloponnesian allies, by whom he was still honoured. A welcoming shout rose from the seamen lounging on their decks as they caught sight of the renowned Heracleid. Cimon, who was on his own galley at some distance, heard the shout. " So Pausanias," he said, turning to the officers r'ngl^.i.UU BUlu'lB™! FAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 193 round him, "has deigned to come on board, to direct, I suppose, the manoeuvres for to-morrow." " I believe it is but the form of a review for manoeuvres," said an Athenian officer, "in which Pausanias will inspect the various divisions of the fleet, and if more be intended, will give the requisite orders for a subsequent day. No arrangements demanding much preparation can be anticipated, for Antagoras, the rich Chian, gives a great banquet this day — a supper to the principal captains of the Isles." "A frank and hospitable reveller is Antagoras," answered Cimon. "He would have extended his invitation to the Athenians — me included — but in their name I declined." " May I ask wherefore ? " said the officer who had before spoken. " Cimon is not held averse to wine- cup and myrtle-bough." " But things are said over some wine-cups and under some myrtle-boughs," answered Cimon, with a quiet laugh, " which it is imprudence to hear and would be treason to repeat. Sup with me here on deck, friends — a supper for sober companions — sober as the Laconian Syssitia, and let not Spartans say that our manners are spoilt by the luxuries of Byzantium." M ! I \l 194 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN CHAPTER IV. In an immense peristyle of a house which a Byzan- tine noble, ruined by lavish extravagance, had been glad to cede to the accommodation of Antagoras and other officers of Chios, the young rival of Pausanias feasted the chiefs of the ^^ean. However modern civilization may in some things surpass the ancient, it is certainly not in luxury and splendour. And although the Hellenic States had not, at that period, aimed at the pomp of show and the refinements of voluptuous pleasure which preceded their decline ; and although they never did carry luxury to the wondrous extent which it reached in Asia, or even in Sicily, yet even at that time a wealthy sojourner in such a city as Byzantium could command an entertainment that no monarch in our age would venture to parade before royal guests, and submit to the criticism of tax-paying subjects. The columns of the peristyle were of dazzling alabaster, with their capitals richly gilt. The space above was roofless ; but an immense awning of purple, richly embroidered in Persian looms — a spoil of some gorgeous Mede — shaded the feasters from the summer sky. The couches on which the banqueters reclined were of citron wood, inlaid with ivory, and covered with the tapestries of Asiatic looms. At the four ■111 i.iii«m!J! II, ...12SS! PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 195 comers of the vast halls played four fountains, and their spray sparkled to a blaze of light from colossal candelabra, in which burnt perfumed oil. The guests were not assembled at a single table, but in small groups ; to each group its tripod of exquisite workman- ship. To that feast of fifty revellers no less than seventy cooks had contributed the inventions of their art, but under one great master, to whose care the banquet had been consigned by the liberal host, and who ransacked earth, sky, and sea for dainties more various than this degenerate age ever sees accumulated at a single board. And the epicure who has but glanced over the elaborate page of Athenaeus, must own with melancholy self-humiliation that the ancients must have carried the art of flattering the palate to a perfection as absolute as the art which built the Parthenon, and sculptured out of gold and ivory the Olympian Jove. But the first course, with its pro- fusion of birds, flesh, and fishes, its marvellous combinations of forced meats, and inventive poetry of sauces, was now over. And in the interval preceding that second course, in which gastronomy put forth its most exquisites masterpieces, the slaves began to remove the tables, soon to be replaced. Vessels of fragrant waters, in which the banqueters dipped their fingers, were handed round ; perfumes which the Byzantine marts collected from every clime, escaped from their precious receptacles. Then were distributed the garlands. With these each guest crowned locks that steamed with odours ; M 196 PAUSANIAS, niK SI'ARIAN. and in thcin were combined the flowers that most charm the eye, with l)ud or herb that most guard from the head the fumes of wine : with hyacinth and flax, with Kolden asphodel and silver lily, the green of ivy and parsley leaf was thus entwined ; and above all the rose, said to convey a delicious coolness to the temples on which it bloomed. And now for the first time wine . came to iieighten the spirits and test the charm of the garlands. Each, as the large goblet passed to him, poured from the brim, before it touched his lips, his libation to the good spirit. And as Antagoras, rising first, set this pious example, out from the further ends of the hall, behind the fountains, burst a concert of flutes, and the great Hellenic Hymn of the Paeam. As this ceased, the fresh tables appeared before the banqueters, covered with all the fi-uits in season, and with those triumphs in confectionery, of which honey was the main ingredient, that well justified the favour in which the Greeks held the bee. Then, instead of the pure juice of the grape, from which the libation had been poured, came the wines, mixed at least three parts with water, and deliciously cooled. Up again rose Antagoras, and every eye turned to him. " Companions," said the young Chian, " it is not held in free States well for a man to seize by himself upon supreme authority. We deem that a magistracy should only be obtained by the votes of others. Nevertheless I venture to think that the latter plan -■mca<«*<4 'SANIAS, rilK SPARTAN, 197 does not .always ensure to us ji good master. I believe it was by election that we (Jreeks have given to ourselves a generalissimo, not contented, it is said, to prove the invariable wisdom of that mode of govern- ment ; wherefore this seems an occasion to revive the good custom of tyranny. And I propose to do so in my person by proclaiming myself Symposiarch and absolute promander in the Commonwealth here assembled But if ye prefer the chance of the die — " " No, no," cried the guests, almost universally ; " Antagoras, the Symposiarch, we submit. Issue thy laws." " Hearken then, and obey. First, then, as to the strength of the wine. Behold the crater in which there are three Naiades to one Dionysos. He is a match for them ; not for more. No man shall put into his wine more water than the slaves have mixed. Yet if any man is so diffident of the god that he thinks three Naiades too much for him, he may omit one or two, and let the wine and the water fight it out upon equal terms. So much for the quality of the drink. As to quantity, it is a question to be deliberated hereafter. And now this cup to Zeus the preserver." The toast went round. " Music, and the music of Lydia !" then shouted Antagoras, and resumed his place on the couch beside Uliades. The music proceeded, the wines circled. " Friend," whispered Uliades to the host, " thy father left thee wines, I know. But if thou givest many 1 198 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN, banquets like this, I doubt if thou wilt leave wines to thy son." " I shall die childless, perhaps," answered the Chain ; " and any friend will give me enough to pay Charon's fee across the Styx." "That is a melancholy reflection," said Uliades, " and there is no subject of talk that pleases me less than that same Styx. Why dost thou bite thy lip, and choke the sigh ? By the Gods ! art thou not happy ?" " Happy !" repeated Antagoras, with a bitter smile. " Oh, yes !" " Good ! Cleonice torments thee no more. I myself have gone through thy trials ; ay, and often- times. Seven times at Samos, five at Rhodes, cnce at Miletus, and forty-three times at Corinth, have I been an impassioned and unsuccessful lover. Courage; I love still." Antagoras turned away. By this time the hall was yet more crowded, for many not invited to the supper came, as was the custom with the Greeks, to the Symposium ; but these were all of the Ionian race. " The music is dull without the dancers," cried the host. " Ho, there ! the dancing girls. Now would I give all the rest of my wealth to see among these girls one face that yet but for a moment could make me forget—" " Forget what, or whom ?" said Uliades ; " not Cleonice ?" " Man, man, wilt thou provoke me to strangle thee ?" muttered Antagoras, PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 199 i Uliades edged himself away. " Ungrateful !" he cried. " What are a hundred Byzantine girls to one tried male friend ?" " I will not be ungrateful, Uliades, if thou stand by my side against the Spartan." " Thou art, then, bent upon this perilous hazard ?" " Bent on driving Pausanias from Byzantium, or into Hades — yes." " Touch !" said Uliades, holding out his right hand. " By Cypris, but these girls dance like the daughters of Oceanus ; every step undulates as a wave." Antagorai motioned to his cup-bearer. " Tell the leader of that dancing choir to come hither." The cupbearer obeyed. A man with a solemn air came to the foot of the Chian's couch, bowing low. He was an Egyptian — one of the meanest castes. " Swarthy friend," said Antagoras, " didst thou ever hear of the Pyrrhic dance of the Spartans ?" " Surely, of all dances am I teacher and preceptor." *' Your girls know it, then ?" " Somewhat, from having seen it ; but not from practice. 'Tis a male dance and a warlike dance, O magnanimous, but, in this instance, untutored, Chian ?" " Hist, and listen." Antagoras whispered. The Egyptian nodded his head, returned to the dancing girls, and when their measure had ceased, gathered them round him. Antagoras again rose. " CompajQions, we are bound now to do homage to t i'4 t I 200 14 ; 'i m PAITSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. our masters — the pleasant, affable and familiar warriors of Sparta." At this the guests gave way to their applauding laughter. " And therefore these delicn^e maidens will present to us that flowing and Amat usian dance, which the Graces taught to Spartan sinews. Ho, there ! begin." The Egyptian had by this time told the dancers what they were expected to do ; and they came for- ward with an affectation of stern dignity, the burlesque humor of which delighted all those lively revellers. And when with adroit mimicry their slight arms and mincing steps mocked that gt^A and masculine mea- sure so associated with images of Spartan austerity and decorum, the exhibition became so humorously ludi- crous, that perhaps a Spartan himself would have been compelled to laugh at it. But the merriment rose to its height, when the Egyptian, who had withdrawn for a few minutes, reappeared with a Median robe and mitred cap, and calling out in his barbarous African accent, " Way for the conqueror !" threw into his mien and gestures all the likeness to Pausanias himself, which a practised mime and posture-master could attain. The laughter of Antagoras alone was not loud — it was low and sullen, as if sobs of rage were stifling it ; but his eye watched the effect produced, and it answered the end he had in view. As the dancers now, while the laughter was at its loudest roar, vanished behind the draperies, the host rose, and his countenance was severe and grave — sae PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 201 '• Companions, one cup more, and let it be to Harmodius and Aristogiton. Let the song in their honour come only from the lips of free citizens, of our Ionian comrades. Uliades, begin. I pass to thee a myrtle bough ; and under it I pass a sword." Then he began the famous hymn ascribed to Callis- tratus, commencing with a clear and sonorous voice, and the guests repeating each stanza after him with the enthusiasm which the words usually produced among the Hellenic republicans : I in a myrtle bough the sword will carry, As did Harmodius and Aristogiton ; ' When they the tyrant slew, And back to Athens gave her equal laws. Thou art in nowise dead, best-loved Harmodius ; Isles of the Blessed are, they say, thy dwelling. There swift Achilles dwells. And there, they say, with thee dwells Diomed. I in a myrtle bough the sword will carry, As did Harmodius and Aristogiton, When to Athene's shrine They gave their sacrifice — a tyrant man. j Ever on earth for both of you lives glory, O loved Harmodius, loved Aristogiton, For ye the tyrant slew. And back to Athens ye gave equal laws». When the song had ceased, the dancers, the musi- cians, the attendant slaves had withdrawn from the hall, dismissed by a whispered order from Antagoras. ' t 202 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ;ii li ' He, now standing up, took from his brows the floral crown, and first sprinkling them with wine, replaced the flowers by a wreath of poplar. The assembly, a little while before so noisy, was hushed into attentive and earnest silence. The action of Antagoras, the expression of his countenance, the exclusion of the slaves, prepared all present for something more than the convivial address of a Symposiarch. " Men and Greeks," said the Chian, " on the even- ing before Teucer led his comrades in exile over the wide waters to found a second Salamis, he sprinkled his forehead with Lyaean dews, being crowned with the poplar leaves — emblems of hardihood and contest ; and, this done, he invited his companions to dispel their cares for the night, that their hearts might with more cheerful hope and bolder courage meet what the morrow might bring to them on the ocean. I imitate the ancient hero, in honour less of him than of the name of Salamis. We, too, have a Salamis to remem- ber, and a second Salamis to found. Can ye forget that, had the advice of the Spartan leader Eurybiades been adopted, the victory of Salamis would never have been achieved ? He was for retreat to the Isthmus ; he was for defending the Peloponnese, because in the Peloponnesus was the unsocial selfish Sparta, and leaving the rest of Hellas to the armament of Xerxes. Themistocles spoke against the ignoble counsel ; the Spartan raised his staff to strike him. Ye know the Spartan manners. ' Strike if you will, but hear me,' cried Themistocles. He was heard, Xerxes was de- PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 203 feated, and Hellas saved. " I am not Themistocles ; nor is there a Spartan staff to silence free lips. But I too say, Hear me ! for a new Salamis is to be won. What was the former Salamis ? — the victory that secured independence to the Greeks, and delive jd them from the Mede and the Medising traitors. Again we must fight a Salamis. Where, ye say, is the Mede ? — not at Byzantium, it is true, in person; but the Medising traitor is here." A profound sensation thrilled through the assembly. " Enough of humility do the maratime lonians prac- tise when they accept the hegemony of a Spartan landsman ; enough of submission do the free citizens of Hellas show when they suffer the imperious Dorian to sentence them to punishment only fit for slaves. But when the Spartan appears in the robes of the Mede, when the imperious Dorian places in the government of a city, which our joint arms now occupy, a recreant who has changed an Eretrian birth- right for a Persian satrapy ; when prisoners, made by the valour of all Helles, mysteriously escape the care of the Lacedaemonian, who wears their garb, and imi- tates their manners — eay, O ye Greeks, O ye warriors, if there is no second Salamis to conquer !" The animated words, and the wine already drunk, produced on the banqueters an effect sudden, electrical, universal. They had come to the hall gay revellers ; they were prepared to leave the hall stern conspirators. Their hoarse murmur was as the voice of the sea before a storm. 204 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ;t^ lis; K'- Antagoras surveyed them with a fierce joy, and, with a change of tone, thus continued : " Ye understand me, ye know already that a deHvery is to be achieved. I pass on : I submit to your wisdom the mode of achieving it. While I speak, a swift-sailing vessel bears to Sparta the complaints of myself, of Uliades, and of many Ionian captains here present, against the Spartan general. And although the Athenian chiefs decline to proffer complaints of their own, lest their State, which has risked so much for the common cause, be suspected of using the admiration it excites for the purpose of subserving its ambition, yet Cimon, the young son of the great Miltiades, who has ties of friendship and hospitality with families of high mark in Sparta, has been persuaded to add to our public i^tatement a private letter to the effect, that speaking for himself, not in the name of Athens, he deems our complaints justly founded, and the recall of Pausanias expedient for the discipline of the armament. But can we say what effect this embassy may have upon a sullen and haughty government ; against, too, a royal descendant of Hercules ; agamst the general who at Platsea flat- tered Sparta with a renown to which her absence from Marathon and her meditated flight from Salamis, gave but disputable pretensions ?" " And," interrupted Uliades, rising, " and — if, O Antagoras, I may crave pardon for standing a moment between thee and thy guests — and this is not all, for even if they recall Pausanias, they may send us another general as bad, and without the fame which PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 205 O mt Ifor us ich somewhat reconciles our Ionian pride to the hegemony of a Dorian. Now, whatever my quarrel with Pau- sanias, I am less against a man than a principle. I am a seaman, and against the principle of having for the commander of the Greek fleet a Spartan who does not know how to handle a sail. I am an Ionian, and against the principle of placing the Ionian race under the imperious domination of a Dorian. Therefore I say, now is the moment to emancipate our blood and our ocean — the one from an alien, the other from a landsman. And the hegemony of the Spartan should pass away." Uliades sat down Avith an applause more clamorous than had greeted the eloquence of Antagoras, for the pride of race and of special calling is ever more strong in its impulses than hatred to a single man. And despite of all that could be said against Pausanias, still these warriors felt awe for his greatness, and remembered that at Flataea, where all were brave, he had been proclaimed the bravest. Antagoras, with the quickness of a republican Greek, trained from earliest youth to sympathy with popular assemblies, saw that Uliades ^had touched the right key, and swallowed down with a passionate gulp his personal wrath against his rival, which might otherwise have been carried too far, and have lost him the advantage he had gained. i "Rightly and wisely speaks Uliades," said he. " Our cause is that of our whole race ; and clear has that true Samian made it to you all, O lonians and i 206 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. i captains of the seas, that we must not wait for the lordJy answer Sparta may return to our embassage. Ye know that while night last we must return to our several vessels ; an hour more and we shall be on deck. To-morrow Pausanias reviews the fleet, and we may be some days before we return to land, and can meet in concert. Whether to-morrow or later the occasion for action may present itself, is a question I would pray you to leave to those whom you entrust with the dis- cretionary power to act." " How act ? " cried a Lesbian officer. " Thus would I suggest," said Antagoras, with well dissembled humility ; "let the captains of one or more Ionian vessels perform such a deed of open defiance against Pausanias as leaves to them no option between death and success ; having done so, hoist a signal, and sailing at once to the Athenian ships, place them- selves under the Athenian leader ; all the rest of the Ionian captains will then follow their example. And then, too numerous and too powerful to be punished for a revolt, we shall proclaim a revolution, and declare that we will all sail back to our native havens unless we have the liberty of choosing our own hegemon." " But," said the Lesbian who had before spoken, " the Athenians as yet have held back and declined our overtures, and without them we are not strong enough to cope with the Peloponnesian allies." " The Athenians will be compelled to protect the lonians, if the lonians in sufficient force demand it,' said Uliades. " For as we are nought without them, i ^Sw PAUSANIAS, THE 3PARTAN. 207 (J> they are nought without us. Take the course suggested by Aj^tagoras : I advise it. Ye know me, a plain man, but I speak not without warrant. And before the Spartans can either contemptuously dismiss our em- bassy or send us out another general, the Ionian will be the mistress of the H^Menic seas, and Sparta, the land of oligarchies, will no more have the power to oligarchize democracy. Otherwise, believe me, that power she has now from her hegemony, and that power, whenever it suit her, she will use." U'iades was chiefly popular in the fleet as a rough good seaman, as a blunt and somewhat vulgar humourist. But whenever he gave advice, the advice carried with it a weight not always bestowed upon superior genius, because from the very commonness of his nature, he reached at the common sense and the common feelings of those whom he addressed. He spoke, in short, what an ordinary man thought and felt. He was a practical man, brave but not over-audacious, not likely to run himself or others into idle dangers, and when he said he had a warrant for his advice, he was believed to speak from his knowledge of the course which the Athenian chiefs, Aristides and Cimon would pursue if the plan recommended were actively executed. " I am convinced," said the Lesbian. " And since all are grateful to Athens for that final stand against the Mede, to which all Greece owes her liberties, and since the chief of her armaments here is a man of so modest a virtue, and so clement a justice, as we all ac- 13 208 PAUSANIAS, THF SPARTAN. knowledge in Aristides, fitting is it for us loirians to constitute Athens the maritime sovereign of our race." "Are ye all of that mind?" cried Antagoras, and was answered by the universal shout, " We are — all ! " or if the shout was not universal, none heeded the few whom fear or prudence might keep silent. " All that remains then is to appoint the captain who shall hazard the first danger and make the first signal. For my part, as one of the electors, I give my vote for Uliades, and this is my ballot." He took from his temples the poplar wreath, and cast it into a silver vase on the tri' id placed before him. " Uliades by acclamation ! " cried several voices. " I accept," said the Ionian, " and as Ulysses, a prudent man, asked for a colleague in enterprises of danger, so I ask for a companion in the hazard I undertake„and I select Antagoras." This choice received the same applauding a .qui- escence as that which had greeted the nomination of the Ionian. And in the midst of the applause was heard without the sharp shrill sound of the Phrygian pipe. " Comrades, said Antagoras, " ye hear the summons to our ships ? Our boats are waiting at the steps of the quay, by the temple of Neptune. Two sentences more, and then to sea. First silence and fidelity ; the finger to the lip, the right hand raised to Zeus Hor- kios. For a pledge, here is an oath. Secondly, be this the signal : whenever you shall see Uliades and myself steer our triremes out of the line in which tliey PA(JSANFAS, THE SPARTAN. 209 may be mai^halled, look forth and watch breathless, and the instant you perceive that beside our flags of Samos ani Chios we hoist the ensign of Athens,lraw off from your stations, and follow the wake of our keels, to the Athenian navy. Then, as the Gods direct us. Hark, a second time shrills the fife." i^n M N 210 PAl'SANIAS, THK. SPARTAN. CHAPTER V. V I At the very hour when the Ionian captains were hurrying towards their boats, Pausanias was pacing his decks alone, with irregular strides, and through the cordage and the masts the starshine came fitfully on his troubled features. Long undecided he paused, as the waves sparkled to the stroke of oars, and beheld the boats of the feasters making towards the division of the fleet in which lay the navy of the isles. Farther on, remote and still, anchored the ships of Athens. He clenched his hand, and turned from the sight. " To lose an empire," he muttered, " and without a struggle; an empire over yon mutinous rivals, over yon happy and envied Athens : an empire — where its limits ? — if Asia puts her armies to my lead, why should not Asia be Hellenized, rather than Hellas be within the tribute of the Mede ? Dull — dull stolid Sparta ! methinks I could pardon the slavery thou inflictest on my life, didst thou but leave unshackled my intelligence. But each vast scheme to be thwarted, every thought for thine own aggrandisement beyond thy barren rocks, met and inexorably baffled by a selfish aphorism, a cramping saw — * Sparta is wide eno* for Spartans.' — * Ocean is the element of the fickle.' — * What matters the ascendancy of Athens ? — it does not cross the Isthmus.' — * Venture nothing where I want nothing.' _i_. .'"ism i > I'l 'aiTtiViiiminir iS PAUSANIAS, I'HF, SI'AKIAN. 211 M5- Why, this is the soul's prison ! Ah, had I been born Athenian, I had never uttered a thought against my country. She and I would have expanded and aspired together." Thus arguing with himself, he at length confirmed his resolve, and with a steadfast step entered his pavilion. There, not on broidered cushions, but by preference on the hard floor, without coverlid, lay T.ysander calmly sleeping, his crimson warlike cloak, weather-stained, partially wrapt around him ; no pillow to his head but his own right arm. By the light of the high lamp that stood within the pavilion, Pausanias contemplated the slumberer. " He says he loves me, and yet can sleep," he mur- mured bitterly. Then seating himself before a table he began to write, with slowness and precision, whether as one not accustomed to the task or weighing every word. When he had concluded, he again turned his eyes to the sleeper. " How tranquil ! Was my sleep ever as serene ? I will not disturb him to the last." The fold of the curtain was drawn aside, and Alcman entered noiselessly. " Thou hast obeyed ?" whispered Pausanias. " Yes ; the ship is ready, the wind favours. Hast thou decided ?" " I have," said Pausanias, with compressed lips. He rose, and touched Lysander, lightly, but the touch sufficed ; the sleeper woke on the instant* casting aside slumber easily as a garment. 212 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. " My Pausanias," said the young Spartan, " I am at thine orders — shall I go? Alas! I read thine eye, and I shall leave thee in peril." " Greater peril in the council of the Ephors and in the babbling lips of the hoary Gerontes, than amidst the meeting of armaments. Thou wilt take this letter to the Ephors. I have said in it but little ; I have said that I confide my cause to thee. Remember that thou insist on the disgrace to me — the Heracleid, and through me to Sparta, that my recall would Q&- casion; remember that thou prove that my atl%ea harshness is but necessary to the discipline that pre- serves armies, and to the ascendancy of Spartan rule. And as to the idle tale of Persian prisoners escaped, why thou knowest how even the lonians could make nothing of that charge. Crowd all sail, strain every oar, no ship in the fleet so swift as that which bears thee. I care not for the few hours' Ftart the talebearers have. Our Spartan forms are slow ; they can scarce have an audience ere thou reach. The gods speed and guard thee, beloved friend. With thee goes all the future of Pausanias." Lysander grasped his hand in a silence more eloquent than words, and a tear fell on that han'' which he clasped. " Be not ashamed of it," he said then, as he turned away, and, wrapping his cloak round his face, left the pavilion. Alcman followed, lowered a boat from the side, and in a few moments the Spartan and the Mothon were on the sea. The boat made to a vessel close at hand — a, vessel builded I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 213 \ in Cyprus, manned by Bithynians ; its sails were all up, but it bore no flag. Scarcely had Lysander climbed the deck than it heaved to and fro, swaying as the anchor was drawn up, then, righting itself, sprang forward, like a hound unleashed for the chase. Paus- anias with folded arms stood on the deck of his own vessel, gazing after it, gazing long, till shooting far beyond the fleet, far towards the melting line between sea and sky, it grew less and lesser, and as the twilight dawned, it had faded into space. ^phe Heracleid turned to Alcman, who, after he had conveyed Lysander to the ship, had regained his master's side. , " What thinkest thou, Alcman, will be the result of ail this ?" " The emancipation of the Helots," said the Mothon quietly. " The Athenians are too near thee, the Persians are too far. Wouldst thou have armies Sparta can neither give nor take away from thee, bind to thee a race by the strongest of human ties — make them see in thy power the necessary condition of their freedom." Pausanias made no answer. He turned within his pavilion, and flinging himself down on the same spot from which he had disturbed Lysander, said, " Sleep here was so kind to him that it may linger where he left it. I have two hours yet for oblivion before tho sun rise." t. :■ * It ii 1 214 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. CHAPTER VI. 1 %: If we were enabled minutely to examine the mental organization of men who have risked great dangers, whether by the impulse of virtue, or in the perpetration of crime, we should probably find therein a large pre- ponderance of hope. By that preponderance we should account for those heroic designs which would annihi- late prudence as a calculator, did not a sanguine con- fidence in the results produce special energies to achieve them, and thus create a prudence of its own, being as it were the self conscious admeasurement of the diviner strength which justified the preterhuman spring. Nor less should we account by the same cause for that audacity which startles us in criminals on a colossal scale, which blinds them to the risks of detection, and often at the bar of justice, while the evidences that ensure condemnation are thickening round them, with the persuasion of acquittal or escape. Hope is thus alike the sublime inspirer or the arch corrupter ; it is the foe of terror, the defier of conse- quences, the buoyant gamester which at every loss doubles the stakes, with a firm hand ""attles the dice, and, invoking ruin, cries within itself, " How shall I expend the gain ? " In the character, therefore, of a man like Pausanias, risking so much glory, daring so much peril, strong ^L PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 215 indeed must have been this sanguine motive power of human action. Nor is a large and active development of hope incompatible with a temperament habitually grave, and often profoundly melancholy. For hope itself is often engendered by discontent. A vigorous nature keenly susceptible to joy, and deprived of the possession of the joy it yearns for by circumstances that surround it in the present, is goaded on by its impatience and dissatisfaction ; it hopes for the some- thing it has not got, indifferent to the things it pos- sesses, and saddened by the want which it experiences. And therefore it has been well said by philosophers, that real happiness would exclude desire; in other words, not only at the gates of hell, but at the porch of heaven, he who entered would leave hope behind him. For perfect bliss is but supreme content. And if content could say to itself — " But I hope for some- thing more," it would destroy its own existence. From his brief slumber the Spartan rose refreshed. The trumpets were sounding near him, and the very sound brightened his aspect, and animated his spirits. Agreeably to orders he had given the night before, the anchor was raised, the rowers were on their benches, the libation to the Carnean Apollo, under whose special protection the ship was placed, had been poured forth, and with the rising sea and to the blare of trum- pets the gorgeous trireme moved forth from the bay. It moved, as the trumpets ceased, to the note of a sweeter, but not less exciting music. For, according to Hellenic custom, to the rowers was allotted a musician i' i 21(5 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. with whose harmony their oars, when first putting forth to sea, kept time. And on this occasion Alcman super- seded the wonted performer by his own more popular song and the melody of his richer voice. Standing by the mainmast, and holding the large harp, which was stricken by the quill, its strings being deepened by a sounding-board, he chanted an lo Paean to the Dorian god of light and poesy. The harp at stated intervals was supported by a burst of flutes, and the burthen of the verse was caught up by the rowers as in chorus. Thus, far and wide over the shining waves, went forth the hymn. lo, lo Paean ! slo^vly. Song and oar must chime together : lo, lo Paean ! by what title call Apollo ? Clarian ? Xanthian ? Boedromian ? Countless are thy names Apollo. lo Carnfie, lo Cam^e ! By the margent of Eurotas, 'Neath the shadows of Tftygetus, Thee the sons of Lacedaemon Name Cameus, lo, lo ! lo CarnSe ! lo Carnee ! lo, lo Paean ! quicker. Song and voice must chime together : lo Paean ? lo Paean ! King Apollo, lo, lo ! lo Carnfie ! For thine altars do the seasons Paint the tributary flowers, Spring thy hyacinth restores. Summer greets thee with the rose, Autumn the blue Cyane mingles With the coronals of com. :!P* y PAUSA.NIAS, THE SPARTAN. 217 And in CTery wreath thy laurel Weaves its everlasting green. lo Carnee ! lo Carnge ! For the brows Apollo favours Spring and winter does the laurel Weave its everlasting green. lo, lo Ptean ! louder. Voice and oar must chime together : For the brows Apollo favours Even Ocean bears the laurel, lo Carnee ! lo Carn^e ! lo, lo Paean ! stronger. Strong are those who win the laurel. As the ship of the Spartan commander thus bore out to sea, the other vessels of the armament had been gradually forming themselves into a crescent, preserving still the order in which the allicj maintained their several contributions to the fleet, the Athenian ships at the extreme end occupying the right wing, the Pelopon- nesians massed together at the left. The Chian galleys adjoined the Samian; for Uliades and Antagoras had contrived that their ships should be close to each other, so that they might take counsel at any moment and act in concert. And now when the fleet had thus opened its arms as it were to receive the commander, the great trireme of Pausanias began to veer round, and to approach the half moon of the expanded armament. On it came, with its beaked prow, like a falcon swooping down on some array of the lesser birds. From the stern hung a gilded shield and a crimson nennon. The heavy-armea soldiers in their Spartan m 'm I i: ml :B '^ HK ' Wk 'I^I^bI H '' 1 III 21^ PAUSANIAS, THK SPARTAN. mail occupied the centre of the vessel, and the sun shone full upon their armour. " By Pallas the guardian," said Cimon, " it is the Athenian vessels that the strategus honours with his first visit." And indeed the Spartan galley now came alongside that of Aristides. the admiral of the Athenian navy. The soldiers on board the former gave way on either side. And a murmur of admiration circled through the Athenian ship, as Pausanias suddenly appeared. For, as if bent that day on either awing mutiny or conciliating the discontented, the Spartan chief had wisely laid aside the wondrous Median robes. He stood on her stem in the armour he had worn at Plataea, resting one hand upon his shield, which itself rested on the deck. His head alone was uncovered, his long sable locks gathered up into a knot, in the Spartan fashion, a crest as it were in itself to that lofty head. And so imposing were his whole air and carri- age, that Cimon, gazing at him, muttered, " What pro- fane hand will dare to rob that demigod of com- mand ? " LL PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 219 CHAPTER VII. Pausanias came on board the vessel of the Athenian admiral, attended by the five Spartan chiefs who have been mentioned before as the warlike companions assigned to him. He relaxed the haughty demeanour which had given so much displeasure, adopting a tone of marked courtesy. He spoke with high and merited praise of the^^eaman-like appearance of the Athenian crews, and the admirable build and equip- ment of their vessels. " Pity only," said he, smiling, " that we have no Persians on the ocean now, and that instead of their visiting us we must go in search of them." " Would that be wise on our part ?" said Aristides. " Is not Greece large enough for Greeks ?" " Greece has not done growing," answered the Spartan; "and the Gods forbid that she should do so. When man ceases to grow in height he expands in bulk ; when he stops there, too, the frame begins to stoop, the muscles to shrink, the skin to shrivel, and decrepit old age steals on. I have heard it said of the Athenians that they think nothing done while aught remains to do. Is it not truly said, worthy son of Miltiades ?" Cimon bowed his head. " General I cannot disavow the sentiment. But if Greece entered Asia, would it 220 PAOSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. I^H I ■IH 1 f i ' f r 'iMi ^ 1'^ 1 ' li'' 1 I'li-BH, v .HB ■'^ »^^H ^ IIBb I^^HI .^^^vi cI^^H''- [R iK 11 I , not be as a river that runs into a sea ? it expands, and is merged." "The river, Cimon, may lose the sweetness of its wave and take the brine of the sea. But the Greek can never lose the flavour of the Greek genius, and could he penetrate the universe, the universe would be Hellenized. But if, O Athenian chiefs, ye judge that we have now done all that is needful to protect Athens, and awe the Barbarian, ye must be longing to retire from the armament and return to your homes." " When it is fit that we should return, we shall be recalled," said Aristides quietly. " What, is your State so unerring in its judgment ? Experience does not permit me to think so, for it ostracised Aristides." " An honour," replied the Athenian, ** that I did not deserve, but an action that, had I been the adviser of those who sent me forth, I should have opposed as too lenient. Instead of ostracising me, they should have cast both myself and Themistocles into the Barathrum." " You speak with true Attic honour, and I compre- hend that where, in commonwealths constituted like yours, party runs high, and the State itself is shaken, ostracism may be a necessary tribute to the very virtues that attract the zeal of a party and imperil the equality ye so prize. But what can compensate to a State for the evil of depriving itself of its greatest citizens ? " " Peace and freedom," said Aristides. " If vou would have the young trees thrive you must not let one tree be so large as to overshadow them. Ah, PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 221 mds, and ess of its le Greek lius, and vould be dge that Athens, to retire shall be gment ? , for it did not kaiser of as too d have irum." )mpre- d like laken, virtues [uality Lte for f vou 5t let Ah, general at Plataea," added the Athenian, in a benignant whisper, for the grand image before him moved his heart with a mingled feeling of generous admiration and prophetic pity, " ah, pardon me if I remind thee of the ring of Polycrates, and say that Fortune is a queen that requires tribute. Man should tremble most when most seemingly fortune-favoured, and guard most against a fall when his rise is at the highest." " But it is only at its highest flight that the eqgle is safe from the arrow," answered Pausanias. " And the nest the eagle has forgotten in her soaring is the more exposed to the spoiler." " Well, my nest is in rocky Sparta ; hardy the spoiler who ventures thither. Yfet, to descend from these speculative comparisons, it seems that thou hast a friendly and meaning purpose in thy warnings. Thou knowest that there are in this armament men who grudge to me whatever I now owe to Fortune, who would topple me from the height to which I did not climb, but was led by the congregated Greeks, and who, while perhaps they are forging arrow-heads for the eagle, have sent to place poison and a snare in its distant nest. So the Nausicaa is on its voyage to Sparta, conveying to the Ephors complaints against me — complaints from men who fought by my side against the Mede." " I have heard that a Cyprian vessel left the fleet yesterday, bound to Daconia. I have heard that it does bear men charged by some of the lonians with representations unfavourable to the continuance of thy i 1 ^\ li- 11' : 222 PAUSANIAS, IMK SPAR'J'AN. command. It bears none from me as the Nauarchus of the Athenians. But — ** "But— what?" " But I have complained to thyself, Pausanias, in » vam. " Hast thou complained of late, and in vain?" " Nay." " Honest men may err ; if they amend, do just men continue to accuse?" " I do not accuse, Pausanias, I but imply that those who do may have a cause, but it will be heard before a tribunal of thine own countrymen, and doubtless thou hast sent to the tribunal those who may meet the charge on thy behalf." " Well," said Pausanias, still preseiving his studied urbanity and lofty smile, "even Agamemnon and Achilles quarrelled, but Greece took Troy not the less. And at least, since Aristides does not denounce me, if I have committed even worse faults than Agamemnon, I have not made an enemy of Achilles, And if," he added after u pause, " if some of these lonians, not waiting for the return of their envoys, openly mutiny, they must be treated as Thersites was." Then he hurried on quickly, for observing that Cimon's brow lowered, and his lips quivered, he desired to cut off all words that might lead to altercation. "But I have a request to ask of the Athenian Nauarchus. Will you gratify myself and the fleet by putting your Athenian triremes into play ? Your sea- men are so famou> for their manoeuvres, that they ! PAIISANIAS, rHK, SI'ARTAN. 99'^ might furnish us with sports of more grace and agility than do the Lydian dancers. Landsman though I be, no sight more glads mine eye, than these sea lions of pine and brass, bounding under the yoke of their tamers. I presume not to give thee instructions what to perform. Who' can dictate to the seamen of Sala- mis? But when your ships have played out their martial sport, let them exchange stations with the Peloponnesian vessels, and occupy for the present the left of the armament. Ye object not ? " Place us were thou wilt, as was said to thee at Plataea," answered Aristides. " I now leave ye to prepare, Athenians, and greet ye, saying, the Good to the Beautiful." " A wondrous presence for a Greek commander ! " said Cimon, as Pausanias again stood on the stem of his own vessel, which moved off towards the ships of the islands. " And no mean capacity, ' returned Aristides. " See you not his object in transplacing us ?" " Ha, truly ; in case of mutiny on board the Ionian ships, he separates them from Athens. But woe to him if he thinks in his heart that an Ionian is a Ther- sites, to be silenced by the blow of a sceptre. Mean- while let the Greeks see what manner of seamen are the Athenians. Methinks this game ordained to us is a contest before Neptune and for a crown." Pausanias bore right on towards the vessels from the Aigsdan Isles. Their masts and prows were heavy M ti ■' 224 PAUSANIAS, THF. SPARTAN. I i 'I K 4 with garlands, but no music sounded from their decks, no welcoming shouts from their crews. " Son of Cleombrotus," said the prudent Eresinidas, *' sullen dogs bite. Unwise the stranger who trusts himself to their kennel. Pass not to those triremes ; let the captains, if thou wantest them, come to thee." Pausanias replied, " Dogs fear the steady eye and spring at the recreant back. Helmsman, steer to yon- der ship with the olive tree on the Parasemon, and the image of Bacchus on the guardian standard. It is the ship of Antagoras the Chian captain." Pausanias turned to his warlike Five. " This time, forgive me, I go alone." And before their natural Spartan slowness enabled them to combat this resolu- tion, their leader was by the side of his rival, alone in the Chian vessel, and surrounded by his sworn foes. " Antagoras," said the Spartan, " a Chian seaman's ship is his dearest home. I stand on thy deck as at thy hearth, and ask thy hospitality ; a ci "* of thy honied bread, and a cup of thy Chian wine. For from thy ship I would see the Athenian vessels go through their nautical gymnastics." The Chian turned pale and trembled ; his ven- geance was braved and foiled. He was powerless against the man who trusted to his honour, and asked to break of his bread and eat of his cup. Pausanias did not appear to heed the embarrassment of his un- willing host, but turning round, addressed some care- less words to the soldiers on the raised central plat- form, and then quietly seated himself, directing his PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 225 eyes towards the Athenian ships. Upon tliese all the sails were nov/ lowered. In nice manceuvres the sea- men preferred trusting to their oars. Presently one vessel started forth, and with a swiftness that seemed to increase at every stroke. A table was brought upon deck and placed before Pausanias, and tlic slaves began to serve to him such light food as suftkcd to furnish the customary meal of the Cireeks in the earlier forenoon. " But where is mine host ? " asked the Spartan. " Does Antagoras himself not deign to share a meal with his gues;': ? " On receiving the message, Antagoras had no option but to come forward. The Spartan eyed him deliber- ately, and the young Chian felt with secret rage the magic of that commanding eye. Pausanias motioned to him to be seated, making room beside himself. The Chian silently obeyed. " Antagoras," said the Spartan in a low voice, "thou art doubtless one of those who have already infringed the laws of military discipline and obedience. Intenupt me not yet. A vessel without waiting my permission has left the fleet with accusations against me, thy commander ; of what nature I am not even advised. Thou wilt scarcely deny that thou art one of those who sent forth the ship and shared in the accusa- tion. Yet I had thought that if I had ever merited thine ill will, there had been reconciliation between us in the Council Hall. What has chanced siilce ? Why o I I ill 226 PAUSANTAS, THE SPARTAN. shouldst thou hate me ? Speak frankly ; frankly have I spoken to thee." " General," replied Antagoras, " there is no hege- mony over men's hearts ; thou sayest truly, as man to man, I nate thee. Wherefore? Because as man to man, thou standest between me and happiness. Because thou wooest, and canst only woo to dishonour the virgin in whom I would seek the sacred wife." Pausanias slight'lv recoiled, and the courtesy he had simulated, and which was essentially foreign to his vehement, and haughty character, fell from him like a mask. For with the words of Antagoras, jealousy passed within him, and fur the moment its agony was such that the Chian v/as avenged. But he was too habituated to the stateliness of self control, to give vent to the rage that seized him. He only said with a whitened and writhing lip, "Thou art right; all ani- mosities may yield, save those which a woman's eye can kindle. Thou hatest me — be it so — that is as man to man. But as officer to chieftain, I bid thee hence- forth beware how thou givest me cause to set this foot on the head that lifts itseK to the height of mine." With that he rose, turned on his heel, and walked towards the stern, where he stood apart gazing on the Athenian triremes, which by this time were in the broad sea. And all the eyes in the fleet were turned towards that exhibition. For marvellous was the ease and beauty with which these ships went through their nautical movements ; now as in chase of each other, now approaching as in conflict, veering off", darting PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 227 aside, threading as it were a harmonious maze, gliding in and out, here, there, with the undulous celerity of the serpent. The admirable build of the ships ; the perfect skill of the seamen ; the noiseless docility and instinc- tive comoreheiisions by which they seemed to seize and to obey the unforseen signals of their Admiral — all strucl: the lively Greeks that beheld the display, and universal was the thought if not the murmur. There was the power that should command the Grecian seas. Pausanias was too much accustomed to the sway of masses, not to have acquired that electric knowledge of what circles amongst them from breast to breast, to which habit gives the quickness of an instinct. He saw that he had committed an imprudence, and that in seeking to divert a mutiny, he had incurred a yet greater peril. He returned to his own ship without exchanging another word with Antagoras, who had retired to the centre of the vessel, fearing to trust himself to a pre- mature utterance of that defiance which the last warn- ing jf his chief provoked, and who was therefore arousing the soldiers to louder shouts of admiration at the Athenian skill. Rowing back towards the wing occupied by the Peloponnesian allies, of whose loyalty he was assured, Pausanias then summoned on board their principal officer, and communicated to him his policy of placing the lonians not only apart from the Athenians, but under the vigilance and control of Peloponnesian ves- 1.1 228 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. sels in the immediate neighbourhood. " Therefore, said he, " while the Athenians will occupy this wing, I wish you to divide yourselves ; the Lacedaemoian ships will take the way the Athenians abandon, but the Corinthian triremes will place themselves between the ships of the Islands and the Athenians. I shall give further orders towards distributing the Ionian navy. And thus I trust either all chance of a mutiny is cut off, or it will be put down at the first outbreak. Now give orders to your men to take the places thus assigned to you. And having gratified the vanity of our friends the Athenians by their holiday evolutions, I shall send to thank and release them from the fatigue so gracefully borne." All those with whom he here conferred, and who had no love for Athens or Ionia, readily fell into the plan suggested. Pausanias then despatched a Lacor- ian vessel to the Athenian Admiral, with complimen- tary messages and cders to cease the manoeuvres, and then heading the rest of the Laconian contingent, made slow and stately way towards the station deserted by the Atiienians. But pausing once more before the vessels of the Isles, he despatched orders to their several commanders, which had the effect of dividing their array, and placing between them the powerful Corinthian service. In the orders of the vessels he forwarded for this change, he took especial care to dislocate the dangerous contiguity of the Samian and Chian trnemes. The sun was declining towards the west when Pau- raSS! •''"^Mii'iWiniiW?I l! V ■' I id '• I ,''i PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. " what Spartan dare counsel sentence of death to the descendant of the Gods ? " " I dare," replied Agesilaus, " but provided only that the descendant of the Gods had counselled death to Greece. And for that reason, I say that I would not, without evidence the clearest, even harbour the thought that a Heracleid jould meditate treason to his country." Periclides felt the reproof and bit his lips. " Besides," observed Zeuxidamus, " fines enrich the State." Periclides nodded approvingly. An expression of lofty contempt passed over the brow and lip of Agesilaus. But with national self- command, he replied gravely, and with equal laconic brevity, " If Pausanias hath committed a trivial error that a line can expiate, so be it. But talk not of fines till ye acquit him of all treasonable connivance with the Mede." At that moment an officer entered on the conclave, and approaching the presiding Ephor, whispered in his ear. "This is well," exclaimed Periclides, aloud. "A messenger from Pausanias himself. Your son Lysan- der has just arrived fi*om Byzantium." " My son !" exclaimed Agesilaus eagerly, and then checking himself, added calmly, "That is a sign no danger to Sparta threatened Byzantium when he left." " Let him be admitted," said Periclides. Lysander entered ; and pausing at a little distance PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 237 from the council board, inclined his head submissively to the Ephors ; save a rapid interchange of glances, no separate greeting took place between son and father. " Thou art welcome," said Periclides. " Thou hast done thy duty since thou hast left the city. Virgins will praise thee as the brave man ; age, more sober, is contented to say thou hast upheld the Spartan name. And thy father without shame may take thy hand." A warm flush spread over the young man's face. He stepped forward with a quick step, his eyes beam- ing with joy. Calm and stately, his father rose, clasped the extended hand, then releasing his own placed it an instant on his son's bended head, and reseated himself in silence. "Thou camest straight from Pausanias?" said Peri- clides. Lysander drew from his vest the despatch entrusted to him, and gave it to the presiding Ephor. Periclides half rose as if to take with more respect what had come from the hand of the son of Hercules. " Withdraw, Lysander," he said, " and wait without while we deliberate on the contents herein." Lysander obeyed, and returned to the outer cham- ber. Here he was instantly surrounded by eager, though not noisy groups. Some in that chamber were waiting on business connected witth the civil jurisdiction of the Ephors. Some had gained admittance for the purpose of greeting their brave countryman, and hearing news of the distant camp from one who had 238 PAirSANIAS, THK SPAR IAN. SO lately (luitted the great Pausanias. For men could talk without restraint of their (leneral, though it was but with reserve and indirectly that they slid in some furtive question as to the health and safety of a brother or a son. " My heart warms to be amongst ye again," said the simple Spartan youth. " As I came thro' the defiles from the sea-coast, and saw on the height the gleam from the old Temple of Pallas Chalcicecus, I said to myself, * Blessed be the Gods that ordained me to live with Spartans or die with Sparta ! " " Thou wilt see how much we shall make of thee, Lysander," cried a Spartan youth a little younger than himself, one of the superior tribe of the Hylleans. " We have heard of thee at Plataea. It is said that had Pausanias not been there thou wouldst have been called the bravest Greek in the armament." " Hush," said Lysander, " thy few years excuse thee, young friend. Save our General, we were all equals in the day of battle." " So thinks not my sister Percalus," whispered the youth archly ; " scold her as thou dost me, if thou dare." Lysander coloured, and replied in a voice that slightly trembled, " I cannot hope that thy sister interests herself in me. Nay, when I left Sparta, I thought — " He checked himself. " Thought what ! " ** That among those who remaine.1 behind Percalus might find her betrothed long before I returned." ' ' PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 239 "Among those who remained behind! Pcrcalus ! How meanly thou must think of her." Before Lysander could utter the eager assurance that lie was very far from thinking meanly of Percalus, the other bystanders, impatient at this whispered colloquy, seized his attention with a volley of questions, to which he gave but curt and not very relevant answers, so much had the lad's few sentences disturbed the calm tenor of his existing self-possession. Nor did he quite regain his presence of mind until he was once more summoned into the presence of the Ephors. y n If. 'tfi ' ■ s ! i ■' li:i w n n. ;l 240 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. CHAPTER II. The communication of Pausanias had caused an animated discussion in the Council, and led to a stiong division of opinion. But the faces of the Ephors, rigid and composed, revealed nothing to guide the sagacity of Lysander, as he re-entered the chamber. He himself, by a strong effort, had recovered the dis- turbance into which the words of the boy had thrown his mind, and he stood before the Ephors intent upon the object of defendii.g the name, and fulfilling the commands of his chief. So reverent and grateful was the love that he bore to Pausanias, that he scarcely permitted himself even to blame the deviations from ^ Spartan austerity which he secretly mourned in his mind , and as to the grave guilt of treason to the Hellenic cause, he had never suffered the suspicion of it to rest upon an intellect that only failed to be pene- trating, where its sight was limited by discipline and affection. He felt that Pausanias had entrusted to him his defence, and though he would fain, in his secret heart, have beheld the Regent once more in Sparta ; yet he well knew that it was the duty of obedience and friendship to plead against the sentence of recall which was so dreaded by his chief With all his thoughts collected towards that end, he stood before the Ephors, modest in demeanour, vigilant in purpose. ' 1 ^^ PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 241 " Lysander," said Periclides, after a short pause, "we know thy affection to the Regent thy chosen friend ; but we know also thy affection for thy native Sparta ; where the two may come into conflict, it is, and it mus: be thy country which will claim the preference. We charge thee, by virtue of our high power and authority, to speak the truth on the questions we shall address to thee, without fear or favour." Lysander bowed his head. " I am in presence of Sparta my mother and Agesilaus my father. They know that I was not reared to lie to either." " Thou say'st well. Now answer. Is it true that Pausanias wears the robes of the Mede ? " " It is true." " And has he stated to thee his reasons ? " " Not only to me, but to others." "What are they?" " That in the mixed and half medised population of Byzantium, splendour of attire has become so associ- ated with the notion of sovereign power, that the Eastern dress and attributes of pomp are essential to authority ; and that men bow before his tiara, who might rebel against the helm and the horsehair. Outward signs have a value, O Ephors, according to the notions men are brought up to attach to them." " Good," said one of the Ephors. " There is in this departure irom our habits, be it right or wrong, no sign then of connivance with the Barbarian." " Connivance is a thing secret and concealed, and shuns all outward signs." P 242 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. " But," said Pendicles, "what say the other Spartan Captains v,o this vain fashion, which savours not of the laws of ^gimius ? " " The first law of ^gimius commands us to fight and to die for the king or the chief who has kingly sway. The Ephors may blame, but the soldier must not question." " Thou speakest boldly for so young a man," said Periclides harshly. " I was commanded to speak the truth." " Has Pausanias entrusted the command of Byzan- tium to Gongylus the Eretrian, who already holds four provinces under Xerxes ? " " He has done so." " Know you the reason for that selection ? " " Pausanias says that the Eretrian could not more show his faith to Hellas, than by resigning Eastern satrapies so vast." " Has he resigned them ? " " I know not ; but I presume that when the Persian kinj knows that the Eretrian is leagued against him with the other Captains of Hellas, he will assign the Satrapies to another." "And is it true that the Persian prisoners. Aria- manes and Datis, have escaped from the custody of Gongylus ? " " It is true. The charge agrinst Gongylus for that error was heard in a council of confederate captains, and no proof against him was brought forward. Cimon was entrusted with the pursuit of the prisoners. Pau- PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 243 Ipartan of the fight jr sway, ist not ," said Byzan- ds four t more Lastem Persian ist him ign the Aria- tody of for that iptains, Cimon Pau- sanias himself sent forth fifty scouts on Thessalian horses. The prisoners were not discovered." " Is it true," said Zeuxidamus, "that Pausanias has amassed much plunder at Byzantium ?" " What he has won as a conqueror was assigned to him by common voice, but he has spent largely out of his own resources in securing the Greek sway at Byzantium." There was a silence. None liked to question the young soldier farther ; none liked to put the direct question, whether or not the Ionian Ambassador could have cause for suspecting the decendant of Hercules of harm against the Greeks. At length A.gesilaus said : " I demand the word, and I claim the right to speak plainly. My son is young, but he is of the blood of Hyllus. " Son — Pausanias is dear to thee. Man soon dies : man's name lives for ever. Dear to thee if Pausanias is, dearer must be his name. In brief, the Ionian Ambassadors complain of his arrogance towards the Confederates they demand his recall. Cimon has addressed a private letter to the Spartan host, with whom he lodged here, intimating that it may be best for the honour of Pausanias, and for our weight with the allies, to hearken to the Ionian Embassy. It is a grave question, therefore, whether we should recall the Regent or refuse to hear these charges. Thou art fresh from Byzantium ; thou must know more of this matter than we. Loose thy tongue, put aside equivo- :H' 244 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. il: hi (f cation. Say thy mind, it is for us to decide afterwards what is our duty to the State." •■ I thank thee, my father." said Lysander colouring deeply at a compliment paid rarely to one so young, " and thus I answer thee : " Pausanias, in seeking to enforce discipline and preserve the Spartan supremacy, was at first somewhat ,iarsh and severe to these lonians, who had indeed but lately emancipated themselves from the Persian yoke, and who were little accustcmed to steady rule. But of late he has been affable and courteous, and no com- plaint was urged against him for austerity at the time when this embassy was sent to you. Wherefore was it then sent? Partly, it may be, from motives of private hate, not public zeal, but partly because the Ionian race sees with reluctance and jealousy the Hegemony of Sparta. I would speak plainly. It is not for me to say whether ye will or not that Sparta should retain the maritime supremacy of Hellas, but if ye do will it, ye will not recall Pausanias. No other than the Con- queror of Plataea has a chance of maintaining that authority. Eager would the lonians be upon any pre- text, false or frivolous, to rid themselves of Pausanias. Artfully willing would be the Athenians in especial that ye listened to such pretexts; for, Pausanias gone, Athens remains and rules. On what belongs to the policy of the State it becomes not me to proffer a word, O Ephors. In what I have said I speak what the whole armament thinks and murmurs. But this I may say as soldier to whom the honour of his chief is ,'^ PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 245 dear. — The recall of Pausanias may or may not be wise as a public act, but it will be regarded through- out all Hellas as a personal affront to your general ; it will lower the loyalty of Sparta, it will be an insult to the blood of Hercules. Forgive me O venerable magistrates. I have fought by the side of Pausanias, and I cannot dare to think that the great Conqueror of Plataea, the man who saved Hellas from the Mede, the man who raised Sparta on that day to a renown which penetrated the farthest corners of the East, will receive from you other return than fame and glory. And fame and glory will surely make that proud spirit doubly Spartan." Lysander paused, breathing hard and colouring deeply — annoyed with himself for a speech of which both the length and the audacity were much more Ionian than Spartan. The Ephors looked at each other, and there was again silence. " Son of Agesilaus," said Periclides, " thou hast proved thy Lacedaemonian virtues too well, and too high and general is thy repute amongst our army, as it is borne to our ears, for us to doubt thy purity and patriotism ; otherwise, we might fear that whilst thou speakest in some contempt of Ionian wolves, thou hadst learned the arts of Ionian Agoras. But enough : thcd art dismissed. Go to thy home ; glad the eyes of thy mother; enjoy the honours thou wilt find awaiting thee amongst thy coevals. Thou wilt learn later whether thou return to Byzantium, or whether a better i fl I ( Blil m 246 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. field for thy valour may not be found in the nearer war with which Arcadia threatens us." As soon as Lysander left the chamber, Agesilaus spoke : — " Ye will pardon me, Ephors, if I bade my son speak thus boldly. I need not say I am no vain, foolish father, desiring to raise the youth above his years But making allowance for his partiality to the Regent, you will grant that he is a faii: specimen of our young soldiery. Probably, as he speaks, so will our young men think. To recall Pausanias is to disgrace our general. Ye have my mind. If the Regent be guilty of the darker charges insinuated — correspondence with the Persian against Greece — I know but one sentence for him — Death. And it is because I would have ye consider well how dread is such a charge, and how awful such a sentence, that I entreat ye not lightly to entertain the one unless ye are prepared to meditate the other. As for the maritime supremacy of Sparta, I hold, as I have held before, that it is not within our councils to strive for it ; it must pass from us. We may surrender it later with dignity ; if we recall our general on such complaints, we lose it with humili- ation.' " I agree with Agesilaus," said another, " Pausanias is an Heracleid ; my vote shall not insult him." " I agree too with Agesilaus," said a third Ephor ; " not because Pausanias is the Heracleid, but because he is the victorious general who demands gratitude and respect from every true Spartan." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 247 " Be it so," said Periclides, who seeing himself thus outvoted in the council, covered his disappointment with the self-control habitual to his race. " But be we in no hurry to give these Ionian legates their answer to-day. We must deliberate well how to send such a reply as may be most conciliating and prudent. And for the next few days we have an excuse for delay in the religious ceremonials due to the venerable Divinity of Fear, which commence to-morrow. Pass we to the other business before us ; there are many whom we have kept waiting. Agesilaus, thou art excused from the public table to-day if thou wouldst sup with thy brave son at home." " Nay," said Agesilaus, " my son will go to his phei- dition and I to mine — as I did on the day when I lost my first-born." I' i 248 PAUSANIAS, TIIF, SIARTAN. tj; i CHAPTER III. On qutting the Hall of the Ephors, Lysander found himself at once on the Spa-tan A-gora, wherein that Hall war placed This was situated on the highest of the five hillo, over which the unwalled city spread its scattered population, and was popu irly called the Tower. Before the eyes of the young Spartan rose the statues, rude and antique, of Latona, the Pythian Apollo, and his sister Artemis ; — venerable images to Lysander's early as: ociations. The place which they consecrated was called Chorus; for there, in honour of Apollo, and in the most pompous of all the Spartnn festivals, the young men were accustomed to lead the sacred dance. The Temple of Apollo himself stood a little in the background, and near to it that of Hera. But more vast than any image of a god was a colossal statue which represented the Spartan people ; while on a still loftier pinnacle of the hill than that table-land which enclosed the Agora — dominating, as it were, the whole city — soared into the bright blae sky the sacred Chalcioecus, or Temple of the Brazen Pallas, darkening with its shadow another fane towards the left dedicated to the Lacedaemonian Mu'.es, and receiving a gleam on the right from the brazen statue of Zeus, which was said by tradition to have been made by a disciple of Daedalus himself. •\trrMm- '■^H ' ■■ PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 249 But short time had Lysander to note undisturbed the old familiar scenes. A crowd of his early friends had already collected round the doors of the Archeion, and rushed foward to greet and welcome him. The Spartan coldness and austerity of social intercourse vanished always before the enthusiasm created by the return to his native city of a man renowned for valour ; and Lysander's fame had come back to Sparta before himself Joyously, and in triumph, the young men bore away their comrade. As they passed through the centre of the Agora, where assembled the various merchants and frjmers, who, under the name of Perioeci, carried on the main business of the Laconian mart, and were often much wealthier than the Spartan citizens, trade ceased its hubbub ; all drew near to gaze on the young warrior ; and now as they turned from the Agora, a group of eager women met them on the road, and shrill voices exclaimed: "Go, Lysander, thou hast fought well — go and choose for thyself the maiden that seems to thee the fairest. Go, marry and get sons for Sparta." Lysander's step seemed to tread on air, and tears of rapture stood in his downcast eyes. Bu. suddenly all the voices hushed ; the crowds drew back ; his friends halted. Close by the great Temple of Fear, and coming from some place within its sanctuary, there approached towards the Spartan and his comrades a majestic woman — a woman of so grand a step and port, that, though her veil as yet hid her face, her form alone sufficed to inspire awe. All knew her by her il II I m 250 PAUSANIAS, i'HK SI'ARTAN. gait ; all made w«ny tor Alithea, the widow of a king, the mother of Pausanias the Regent. Lysander, lifting his eyes from the ground, impressed by the hush around him, recognised the form as it advanced slowly towards him, and, leaving his comrades behind, stepped forward to salute the mother of his chief. She, thus seeing him, turned slightly aside, and paused by a rude building of immemorial antiquity which stood near the temple. That building was the tomb of the mythical Orestes, whose bones were said to have been interred there by the command of the Delphian Oracle. On a stone at the foot of the tomb sate calmly down the veiled w^oman, and waited the approach of I^ysan- der. When he came near and alone — all the rest remaining aloof and silent — Alithea removed her veil and a countenance grand and terrible as that of a Fate lifted its rigid looks to the young Spartan's eyes. Despite her age — for she had passed into middle life before she had borne Pausanias — AliUiea ichiiiied all the traces of a marvellous and almost preterhuman beauty. But it was not the beauty of woman. No softness sate on those lips ; no love beamed from those eyes. Stern, inexorable- not a fault in her grand proportions — the stoutest heart might have felt a throb cf terror as the eye rested upon that pitiless and imposing front. And the deep voice of the Spartan warrior had a slight tremor in its tone as 't uttered its respectful salutation. " Draw near, Lysander. What sayest thou of my son?" PAUSANIAS, THF, SPARTAN. 251 *' I left him well, and- " Does a Spartan mother first ask of the bodily health of an absent man-child? By the tomb of Ores- tes and near the Temple of Fear, a king's widow asks a Spartan soldier what he says of a Spartan chief." " All Hellas," replied Lysander, recovering his spirit, " might answer thee best, Alithea. For all Hellas proclaimed that the bravest man at Plataea was thy son, my chief." " And where did my son, thy chief, learn to boast of bravery ? They tell me he inscribed the offerings to the gods with his name as the victor of Platsea — the battle won not by one man but assembled Greece. The inscription that dishonours him by its vainglory will be erased. To be brave is naught. Barbarians may be brave. But to dedicate bravery to his native land becomes a Spartan. He who is everything against a foe should count himself as nothing in the service of his country." Lysander remained silent under the gaze of those fixed and imperious eyes. " Youth," said Alithea, after a short pause, " if thou returnest to Byzantium, say this from. Alithea ♦^o thy chief: — 'From thy childhood, Pausani^^ las thy mother feared for thee ; and at the Tempie of Fear did she sacrifice when she heard that thou wert victo- rious at Platcea ; for in thy heart are the seeds of arrogance and pride ; and victory to thine arms may end in ruin to thy name. And ever since that day does Alithea haunt the precincts of that temple. C ome fi*'l , 1 ' IbIKv mKI 1 1 ifli^a' i \ • I^IHb 1 r * I^^^^BB i^^HB 1 ^Hb' ' i ' ■H>' 1' Hi . If 252 PAUSANIAS, THK| SPARTAN. back and be Spartan, as thine ancestors were before thee, and Alitl^ea will rejoice and think the Gods have heard her. But if thou seest within thyself one cause why thy mother should sacrifice to Fear, lest her son should break the laws of Sparta, or sully his Sj)artan name, humble thyself, and mourn that thou didst not perish at Plat?ea. By a temple and from a tomb I send thee warning.' Say this, I have done ; join thy friends." Again the veil fell over the face, and the figure of the woman remained seated at the tomb long after the procession had passed on, and the mirth of young voices was again released. ■ ' ll \ 1 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 253 before i have cause er son partan ist not I send ends." ure of er the young CHAPTER IV. The group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he mounted the accHvity on which his parental home was placed. The houses of the Spartan pro- prietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial towns. More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart, on the unecjual surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed in, in front of the narrow streets. And still was in force the primitive law which ordained that doorways should be shaped only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe ; but in contrast to the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple ; and high over all dominated the Tower- hill, or Acropolis, with the antique fane of Pallas Chalcioecus. And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home. It was an act of public honour to his fair repute and his proven valour. And the Spartan felt as proud of that uncere- monious attendance as ever did Roman chief sweeping under the arches of triumph in the curule car. At the threshold of the door stood his mother — for the tidings of his coming had preceded him — and his i 254 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. ! , ; i ' I little brothers and sisters. His step quickened at the sight of these beloved faces. " Bound forward, Lysander," said one of the train ; " thou hast won the right to thy mother's kiss." " But fail us not at the pheidition before sunset," cried another. " Every one of the obe will send his best contribution to the feast to welcome thee back. We shall have a rare banquet of it." And so, as hie mother drew him within the doors, his arm round her waist, and the children clung to his cloak, to his knees, or sprung up to claim his kiss, the procession set up a kind of chaunted shout, and left the warrior in his home. "Oh, this is joy, joy !" said Lysander, with sweet tears i.. his eyes, as he sat in the women's apartment, his mother by his side, and the little ones round him. " Where, save in Sparta, does a man love a home?" And this exclamation, which might have astonished an Ionian — seeing how much the Spartan civilians merged the individual in the state — was yet true, where the Spartan was wholly Spartrn, where, by habit and association, he had learned to love the severities of the existence that surrounded him, and where the routine of duties which took him from his home, whether for exercises or the public tables, made yet more precious the hours of rest and intimate inter- course with his family. For the gay pleasures and lewd resorts of other Greek cities were not known to the Spartan. Not for him were the cook-shops and baths and revels of Ionian idlers. When the State PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 255 ceased to claim him, he had nothing but his Home. ' As Lysander thus exclaimed, the door of the room had opened noiselessly, and Agesilaus stood unper- ceived at the entrance, and overheard his son. His face brightened singularly at Lysander's words. He came forward and opened his arms. " Embrace me now, my boy ! my brave boy ! embrace me now ! The Ephors are not here." Lysander turned, sprang up, and was in his father's arms. "So thou are not changed. Byzantium has not spoiled thee. Thy name is uttered with praise un- mixed with fear. All Persia's gold, all the great king's Satrapies could not medize my Lysander. Ah," con- tinued the father, turning to his wife, " who could have predicted the happiness of this hour ? Poor child ! he was born sickly. Hera had already given us more sons than we could provide for, ere our lands were in- creased by the death of thy childless relatives. Wife, wife ! when the family council ordained him to be exposed on Taygetus, when thou didst hide thyself lest thy tears should be seen, and my voice trembled as I said * Be the laws obeyed,' who could have guessed that the gods would yet preserve him to be the pride of our house ? Blessed be Zeus the saviour and Hercules the warrior ! " " And," said the mother, " blessed be Pausanias, the descendant of Hercules, who took the forlorn in- fant to his father's home, and who has reared him now to be th? example of Spartan youths." i 256 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. A m h iiF . \ ■ ! "Ah," said Lysander, looking up into his father's eyes, " if I can ever be worthy of your love, O my father, forget not, I pray thee, that it is to Pausanias I owe life, home, and a Spartan's glorious destiny." " I forget it not," answered Agesilaus, with a mourn- ful and serious expression of countenance. " And on this I would speak to thee. Thy mother must spare thee awhile to me. Come. I lean on thy shoulder instead of my staff." Agesilaus led his son into the large hall, which was the main chamber of the house ; and pacing up and down the wide and solitary floor, questioned him closely as to the truth of the stories respecting the Regent which had reached the Ephors. " Thou must speak with naked heart to me," said Agesilaus ; for I tell thee that, if I am Spartan, I am also man and father; and I would serve him, who saved thy life and taught thee how to fight for thy country, in every way that may be lawful to a Spartan and a Greek." Thus addressed and convinced of his father's sin- cerity, Lysander replied with ingenuous and brief simplicity. He granted that Pausanias had exposed himself with a haughty imprudence, which it was diffi- cult to account for, to the charges of the lonians. " But," he added, with that shrewd observation which his affection for Pausanias rather than his experience of human nature had taught him — " But ' we must remember that in Pausanias we are dealing with no ordinary man. If he has faults of judgment, which a I PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 257 Spartan rarely commits, he has, O my father, a force of intellect and passion which a Spartan as rarely knows. Shall I tell you the truth ? Our State is too small for him. But would it not have been too small for Hercules ? Would the laws of -^gimius have per- mitted Hercules to perform his labours and achieve his conquests ? This vast and fiery nature suddenly re- leased from the cramps of our customs, which Pausa- nias never in his youth regarded save as galling, expands itself, as an eagle long caged would outspread its wings." " I comprehend," said Agesilaus thoughtfully, and somewhat sadly. " There have been moments in my own life when I regarded Sparta as a prison. In my early manhood I was sent on a mission to Corinth. Its pleasures, its wild tumult of gay license dazzled and inebriated me. I said, ' This it is to live.' I came back to Sparta sullen and discontented. But then, happily, I saw thy mother at the festival of Diana — we loved each other, we married — and when I was per- mitted to take her to my home, I became sobered and was a Spartan again. I comprehend. Poor Pausanias ! But luxury and pleasure, though they charm awhile, do not fill up the whole of a soul like that of our Heracleid. From these he may recover ; but Ambi- tion — that is the true liver of Tantalus, and grows larger under the beak that feeds on it. What is his ambition, if Sparta be too small for him?" " I think his ambition would be to make Sparta as big as himself." Q ■l : 1 II 258 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN, Agesilaus stroked his chin musingly. "And how?" " I cannot teil, I can only guess. But the Persian war, if I may judge by what I hear and see, cannot roll away and leave the boundaries of each '^eek State the same. Two States now stand fonii promi- nent, Athens and Sparta. Themistocles and Cimon aim at making Athens the head of Hellas. Perhaps Paiisanias aims to effect for Sparta what they would effect'for Athens." '' And what thinkest thou of such a scheme ?" " Ask me not. I am too young, too inexperienced, and perhaps too Spartan to answer rightly." " Too Spartan, because thou art too covetous of power for Sparta." " Too vSpartan, because I may be too anxious to k.»cp Sparta what she is." Agesilaus smiled. " We are of the same mind my son. Think not that the reeky defiles which .nclose us shut out from our minds all the ideas thac new cir- cumstance strikes from Time. I have meditated on what thou sayest. Pausanias may scheme. It is true that the invasion of the Mede must tend to raise up our State in Gre*^*":' t^ which the others will look for a head. I have asked myself, can Sparta be that State? and my reason tells me, no. Sparta is lost if she attempt it. She may become something else, but she cannot be Sparta. Such a State must become mari- time, and depend upon Heets. Our inland situation forbids this. Tiue we have ports in v/hich the Perioeci ri ' [m\ "S PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 259 ersian annot ^■eek promi- 3imon erhaps would ienced, tous of icious to Lind my nclose Inew cir- ated on it is true raise up ok for a ,t State? I if she but she le mari- ituation Periceci flourish ; but did we use :hem for a permanent policy the Perioeci must become our masters. These five villages would be abandoned for a mart op the sea- shore. This mother of men would be no more. A State that so aspires must have ample wealth at its command. We have none. We might raise tribute from other Greek cities, but for that purpose we must have fleets again, to overrve and compel, for no tribute will be long voluntary. A State that would be the active governor ot Hellas must have lives to spare in abundance. We have none, unless we always do hereafter as we did at Platsea, raise an army of Helots — seven Helots to one Spartan. How long, if we did *oO, would the Helots obey us, and meanwhile how would our lands be cultivated ? A State that would be the centre of Greece, must cultivate all that can charm and allure strangers. We banish strangers, and what charms and allures them would womanize us. More than ail, a State that would obtain the sympathies of the turbulent Hellenic populations, must have the most popular institutions. It must be governed by a Demus. We are an Oligarchic Aristocracy — a dis- ciplined camp of warriors, not a licentious Agora. Therefore, Sparta cannot assume the head of a Greek Confederacy except in the rare seasons of actual war, and the attempt to make her the head of such a con- federacy would cause changes so repugnant to our manners and habits, that it would be fraught with destruction to him who made the attempt, or to us if he succeeded. Wherefore, to sum up, the ambition of ^ 260 PAURANIAS, THE SPARTAN i Pausanias is in this impracticable, and must be op- posed." " And Awhens," cried Lysander, with a slight pang of natural and national jealousy, "Athens then must wrebL from Pausanias the hegemony he now holds for Sparta, and Athens must be what the Athenian am- bition covets." " We cannot help it — she must ; but can it last ? — Impossible. And woe to her if she ever comes in contact with the bronze of Laconian shields. But in the meanwhile, what is to be done with this great and awful Heracleid? They accuse him of medising, of secret conspiracy with Persia itself. Can that be possible ? " If so, it is but to use Persia on behalf of Sparta. If he would Ldbdue Greece, it is not for the king, it is for the race of Hercules." " Ay, ay, ay," cried Agesliaus, shading his face with his hand. " All becomes clear to me now. Listen. Did I openly defend Pausanias before the Ephors, I should injure his cause. But when they talk of his betraying Hellas and Sparta, I place before them nakedly and broadly their duty if that charge be true. For if true, O my son, Pausanias must die as criminals die." " Die — criminal — an Heracleid — king's blood — the victor of Plataea — my friend Pausanias ! " " Rather he than Sparta. What sayest thou ?" "Neither, neither," exclaimed Lysander, wringing his hands — " impossible both." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 261 e op- pang must Is for 1 am- ist? — les in But in at and ing, of lat be Sparta, g, it is :e with isten. )hors, I of his them )e true. iminals )d— the ?" rringing " Impossible both, be it so. I place before the Ephors the terrors of accrediting that charge, in order that they may repudiate it. For the lesser ones it matters not ; he is in no danger there, save that of fine. And his gold," added Agesilaus with a curved lip of disdain, " will both condemn and save him. For the rest, I would spare him the dishonour of being publicly recalled, and to say truth, I would save Sparta the peril she might incur from his wrath, if she inflicted on him that slight. But mark me, he himself must resign his command, voluntarily, and return to Sparta. Better so for him and his pride, for he cannot keep the hegemony against the will of the lonlans, whose fleet is so much larger than ours, and i t is to his gain if his successor lose it, not he. But better, not only for his pride, but for his glory and his name, that he should come from these scenes of fierce temptation, and, since birth made him a Spartan, learn here again to conform to what he cannot change. I have spoken thus plainly to thee. Use the words I have uttered as thou best may, after thy return to Pausanias, which I will strive to make speedy. But while we talk there goes on danger — danger still of his abrupt recall — for there are those who will seize every excuse for it. Enough of these grave matters : the sun is sinking towards the west, and thy companions await thee at thy feast ; mine will be eager to greet me on thy return, and thy little brothers, who go with me to my pheidi- tion, will hear thee so praised that they will long for the crypteia — long to be men, and find some future /?>^, / ^' 1 ; • 1 I'! i |li 262 T^AUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Plata^a for themslves. May the gods forbid it ? War is a terrible unsettler. Time saps States as a tide the cliff. War is an inundation, and when it ebbs, a landmark has vanished." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 263 War I the )s, a CHAPTER V. Nothing so largely contributed to the peculiar character of Spartan society as the uniform customs of taking the principal meal at a public table, "^t con- duced to four objects : the precise status ''f is- tocracy, since each table was formed accordi.' .^ to le and rank, — equality among aristocrats, si' ^ t xh at the same table was held the equal of the .thor — military union, for as they feasted so they f rh;, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and lastly, that sort of fellowship in public opinion which intimate association amongst those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions. These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions ; each head of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost, and according to the number of his children. If his fortune did not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables. Hence a certain fortune was in- dispensable to the pure Spar: a, and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants, if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means. The general arrangements were divided into syssitia, ac- cording, perhaps, to the number of families, and correspondent to the divisions or obes acknowledged by the State. But these larger sections were again ■l^v ^^'.f. T 264 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. subdivided into companies or clubs of fifteen, vacan- cies being filled up by ballot ; but one vote could exclude. And since, as we have said, the companies were marshalled in the field according to their associ- ation at the table, it is clear that fathers of grave years and of high station (station in Sparta increased with years) could not have belonged to the same table as the young men, their sons. Their boys under a certain age they took to their own pheiditia, where the children sat upon a lower bench, and partook of the simplest dishes of the fare. Though the cheer at these public tables was habi- tually plain, yet upon occasion it was enriched by presents to the after-course, of game and fruit. Lysander was received by his old comrades wiih that cordiality in which was mingled for the first time a certain manly respect, due to feats in battle, and so flattering to the young. The prayer to the G'^ds, correspondent to the modem grare, and the pious libations being concluded, the attendant Helots served the black broth, and the party fell to, with the appetite produced by hardy exercise and mountain air. " What do the allies say to the black broth ? " asked a young Spartan. "They do not comprehend its merits," answered Lysander, PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 265 CHAPTER VI. • Everything in the familiar life to which he had returned delighted the young Lysander. But for anxious thoughts about Pausanias, he would have been supremely blest. To him the various scenes of his early years brought no associations of the restraint and harshness which revolted the more luxurious nature and the fiercer genius of Pausanias. The plunge into the frigid waters of Eurotas — the sole bath permitted to the Spartans* at a time when the rest of Greece had already carried the art of bathing into voluptuous refinement — the siglit of the vehement contests of the boys, drawn up as in battle, at the game of football, or in detached engagements, sparing each other so little, that the popular belief out of Sparta was that they were permitted to tear out each other's eyes,t but subjecting strength to every skilful art that gymnas- tics could teach — the mimic war on the island, near the antique trees of the Plane Garden, waged with weapons of wood and blunted iron, and the march * Except occasionally the dry sudorific bath, all warm bathing was strictly forbidden as enervating. t An evident exaggeration. The Spartans had too great a regard for the physical gifts as essential to warlike uses, to per- mit cruelties that would have blinded their young warriors. And they even forbade the practice of the pancratium as fero- cious and needlessly dangerous to life. •i I '?G6 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Ilil ( ' regulated to the music of tUitcs and lyres -nay, even the sight of the stern altar, at which boys had learned to bear the anguish of stripes without a murmur — all produced in this primitive and intensely national in- telligence an increased admiration for the ancestral laws, which, carrying patience, fortitude, address and strength to the utmost perfection, had formed a hand- ful of men into the calm lords of a fierce population, and placed the fenceless villages of Sparta beyond a fear of the external assaults and the civil revolutions which perpetually stormed the citadels and agitated the market-places of Hellenic cities. His was not the mind to perceive that much was relinquished for the sake of that which was gained, or to comprehend that there was more which consecrates humanity in one stormy day of Athens, than in a serene century of iron Laced?emon. But there is ever beauty of soul where there is enthusiastic love of country ; and the young Spartan was wise in his own Dorian way. The religious festival which had provided the Ephors with an excuse for delaying their answer to the Ionian envoys occupied the city. The youths and the maidens met in the sacred chorus ; and Lysander, standing by amidst the gazers, suddenly felt his heart beat. A boy pulled him by the skirt of his mantle. " Lysander, hast thou yet scolded Percalus ?" said the boy's voice, archly. " My young friend," answered Lysander, colouring high, " Percalus hath vouchsafed me as yet no occa- I .i^ k'AUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 267 sion ; and, indeed, she alone, of all the friends whom I left behind, does not seem to recognize me." His eyes, as he spoke, rested with a mute reproach in their gaze on the form of a virgin who had just paused in the choral dance, and whose looks were bent obdurately on the ground. Her luxuriant hair was drawn upward from cheek and brow, braided into a knot at the crown of the head, in the fashion so trying to those who have neither bloom nor beauty, so exciuisitely becoming to those who have both ; and the maiden, even amid Spartan girls, was pre-eminently lovely. It is true that the sun had somewhat embrowned the smooth cheek ; but the stately throat and the rounded arms were admirably fair — not, indeed, with the pale and dead whiteness which the Ionian women sought to obtain by art, but with the delicate rose-hue of Hebe's youth. Her garment of snow-white wool, fastened over both shoulders with large golden clasps, was without sleeves, fitting not too tightly to the harmoni- ous form, and leaving more than the ancle free to the easy glide of the dance. Taller than Hellenic women usually were, but about the average height of her Spartan companions, her shape was that which the sculptors give to Artemis. Light and feminine and virginlikc but with all the rich vitality of a divine youth, with a force, not indeed of a man, but such as art would give to the goddess whose step bounds over the mountain top, and whose arm can launch the shaft from the silver bow — yet was there something in the mien and face of Percalus more subdued md ) 268 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 1 1 I! I!' i \ fl I i ! r- ,i? bashful than in those of most of the girls around her ; and, as if her ear had caught Lysander's words, a smile just now played round her lips, and gave to all the countenance a wonderful sweetness. Then, as it became her turn once more to join in the circling measure, she lifted her eyes, directed them full upon the young Spartan, and the eyes said plainly, "Un- grateful! I forget thee ! I!" It was but one glance, and she seemed again wholly intent upon the dance ; but Lysander felt as if he had tasted the nectar, and caught a glimpse of the courts of the Gods. No further approach was made by either, although intervals in the evening permitted it. But if on the one hand there was in Sparta an intercourse between the youth of both sexes wholly unknown in most of the Grecian States, and if that intercourse made marriages of love especially more common there than elsewhere, yet, when love did actually exist, and was acknowledged by some young pair, they shunned public notice ; the passion became a secret, or confi- dants to it were few. Then came the charm of stealth: — to woo and to win, as if the treasure were to be robbed by a lover from the Heaven unknown to man. Accordingly Lysander now mixed with the spectators, conversed cheerfully, only at distant intervals permitted his eyes to turn to Percalus, and when her part in the chorus had concluded, a sigh, undetected by others, seemed to have been exchanged between them, and, a little while after, Lysander had disappeared from the assembly. PAUSANIAS, THE SPAttTAN. 269 He wandered down the street called the Aphetais, and after a little while the way became perfectly still and lonely, for the inhabitants had crowded to the sacred festival, and the houses lay quiet and scattered. So he went on, passing the ancient temple in which Ulysses is said to have dedicated a statue in honour of his victory in the race over the suitors of Penelope, and paused where the ground lay bare and rugged around many a monument to the fabled chiefs of the heroic age. Upon a crag that jutted over a silent hollow, covered with oleander and arbute and here and there the wild rose, the young lover sat down, waiting patiently ; for the eyes of Percalus had told him he should not wait in vain. Afar he saw, in the exceeding clearness of the atmosphere, the Taenarium or Temple of Neptune, unprophetic of the dark con- nexion that shrine would hereafter have with him whom he then honoured as a chief worthy, after death, of a monument amidst those heroes : and the gale that cooled his forehead wandered to him from the field of the Hellanium in which the envoys of Greece had taken council how to oppose the march of Xerxes, when his myriads first poured into Europe. Alas, all the great passions that distinguish race from race pass away in the tide of generations. The enthusiasm of soul which gives us heroes and demi- gods for ancestors, and hallows their empty tombs ; the vigour of thoughtful freedom wh" h guards the soil from invasion, and shivers force upon the edge of intelligence ; the heroic age and the civilized alike de- 270 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. part ; and lie who wanders througli the glens of Laconia can scarcely guess where was the monument of Lelex, or the field of the Hellanium. And yet on the same spot where sat the young Spartan warrior, waiting for the steps of the beloved one, may, at this very hour, some rustic lover be seated, with a heart beating with like emotions, and an ear listening for as light a tread. Love alone never passes away from the spot where its footstep hath once pressed the earth, and reclaimed the savage. Traditions, freedom, the thirst for glory, art, laws, creeds, vanish ; but the eye thrills the breast, and hand warms to hand, as before the name of Lycurgus was heard, or Helen was borne a bride to the home of Menelaus. Under the influenee of this power, then, something of youth is still retained by nations the most worn with time. But the power thus eternal in nations is shortlived for the individual being. Brief, indeed, in the life of each is that season which lasts for ever in the life of all. From the old age of nations glory fades away ; but in their utmost decrepitude there is still a generation young enough to love. To the individual man, however, glory alone remains when the snows of ages have fallen, and love is but the memory of a boyish dream. No wonder that the Greek genius, half in- credulous of the soul, clung with such tenacity to Youth. What a sigh from the heart of the old sensuous world breathes in the strain of Mimnermus, bewailing with so fierce and so deep a sorrow the ad- vent of the years in which man is loved no more. PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 271 Lysander's eye was still along the solitary road, when he heard a low musical laugh behind him. He started in surprise, and beheld Percalus. Her mirth was increased by his astonished gaze, till, in revenge, he caught both her hands, and drawing her towards him, kissed, not without a struggle, the lips into serious gravity. Extricating herself from him, the maiden put on an air of offended dignity, and Lysander, abashed at his own audacity, muttered some broken words of peni- tence. " But indeed," he added, as he saw the cloud vanishing from her brow ; " indeed thou wert so pro- voking, and so irresistibly beauteous. And how camest thou here, as if thou hadst dropped from the heavens?" " Didst thou think," answered Percalus demurely, " that I could be suspected of following thee ? Nay; I tarried till I could accompany Euryclea to her home yonder, and then slipping from her by her door, I came across the grass and the glen to Rcarch for the arrow shot yesterday in the hollow below thee." So saying, she tripped from the crag by his side into the nooked recess below, which was all out of sight, in case some passenger should pass the road, and where, stooping down, she seemed to busy herself in searching for the shaft amidst the odorous shrubs. Lysander was not slow in following her footsteps. " Thine arrow is here," said he, placing his hand to his heart. II 272 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. P " Fie ! The Ionian poets teach thee these com- pliments." " Not so. Who hath sung more of Love and his arrows than our own Alcman ?" •' Mean you the Regent's favourite brother?" " Oh no ! The ancient Alcman ; the poet whom even the Ephors sanction." Percalus ceased to seek for the arrow, and they seated themselves on a little knoll in the hollow, side by side, and frankly she gave him her hand, and listened, with rosy cheek and rising bosom, to his honest wooing. He told her truly, how her image had been with him in the strange lands ; how faithful he had been to the absent, amidst all the beauties of the Isles and of the East. He reminded her of their early days — how, even as children, each had sought the other. He spoke of his doubts, his fears, lest he should find himself forgotten or replaced ; and how overjoyed he had been when at last her eye replied to his. " And we understood each other so well, did we not, Percalus ? Here we have so often met before ; here we parted last ; here thou knewest I should go ; here I knew that I might await thee." Percalus did not answer at much length, but what she said sufficed to enchant her lover. For the edu- cation of a Spartan maid did not favour the affected ..r rcer^i^nt of real feelings. It could not, indeed, ban r whai Nature prescribes to woman — the modest Siilf ti/^tcJ sn-- the difficult u to utter by word, what eye ^;l ) ;) PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 273 e com- and his whom id they •w, side d, and to his ige had hful he 3 of the ir early ght the lest he id how )lied to did we before ; lid go ; jt what le edu- iffected indeed, modest tiat eye and blush reveal — nor, perhaps, something of thai arch and innocent malice, which enjoys to taste the power which beauty exercises before the warm heart will freely acknowledge the power which sways itself. But the girl, though a little wilful and high-spirited, was a candid, pure, and noble creature, and too proud of being loved by Lysander to feel more than a maiden's shame to confess her own. " And when I return," said the Spartan, " ah then look out and take care ; for I shall speak to thy father, gain his consent to our betrothal, and then carry thee away, despite all thy struggles, to the bridesmaid, and these long locks, alas, will fall." " I thank thee for thy warning, and will find my arrow in time to guard myself." said Percalus, turning away her face, but holding up her hand in pretty menace; "but where is the arrow? I mu^t make haste and find it." " Thou wilt have time enough, courteous Amazon, in mine absence, for I must soon return to Byzr tium." Percalus. " Art thou so sure of that ?" Lysander. " Why — dost thou doubt it ?" Percalus. (rising and moving the arbute boi -,hs aside with the tip of her sandal), " And unless t^ou wouldst wait very long for my father's consent, pen aance thou mayst have to ask for it very soon — too soon to prepare thy courage for so great a peril." Lysander (perplexed), " What canst thou mean ? By all the Oods, I pray thee speak plain," R II 274 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. m i H I ail- i «: I i| Percalus. " If Pausanias be recalled, wouldst thou still go to Byzantium ?" ~~ Lysander. '' No ; but I think the Ephors have decided not so to discredit their General." Percalus (shaking her head incredulously). " Count not on their deciiiion so surely, valiant Avarrior ; and suppose that Pausanias is recalled, and that some one else is sent in his place whose aL.ence would prevent thy obtaining the consent thou covetest, and so frus- trate thy designs on — on — (she added, blushing scarlet) — on these poor locks of mine." Lysander (starting). " Oh, Percalus, do I conceive thee aright ? Hast thou any reason to think that thy father Dorcis will be sent to replace Pausanias — the great Pausanias !" Percalus (a little offended at a tone of expression which seemed to shght her father's pretensions). *' Dorcis, my father, is a warrior whom Sparta reckons second to none ; a most brave captain, and every inch a Spartan ; but — but — " Lysander. " Percalus, do not trifle with me. Thou knowest how my fate has been linked to the Regent's. Thou must have intelligence not shared even by my father, himself an Ephor. — What is it ? Percalus. " Thou wilt be secret, my Lysander, for whai I may tell thee I can only learn at the hearth- stone." Lysander. " Fear me not. Is not all between us a secret ? " Percalus. *' Well, then, Periclides and my father, as K PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 275 dst thou irs have " Count ior ; and Dme one prevent i so frus- ; scarlet) conceive that thy lias — the [pression ensions). reckons rery inch Thou Regent's. :n by my nder, for e hearth- ^een us a father, as thou art aware, are near kinsmen. And when the Ionian Envoys first arrived, it was my father who was specially appointed to see to their fitting entertainment. And that same night I overheard Dorcis say to mv mother, ' If I could succeed Pausanias, and conclude this war, I should be consoled for not having commanded at Platsea.' And my mother, who is proud for her husband's glory, as a woman should be, said, * Why not strain every nerve as for a crown in Olympia ? Periclides will aid thee — thou wilt win ? ' " Lysander. " But that was the first night of the Ionian's arrival." Percalus. " Since then, I believe <-hat thy father and others of the Ephors overrulet ' -^dclides and Zeuxidamus, for I have heard all that passed between my father and mother on the subject. But early this morning, while my mother was as^usting to attire me for the festival, Perichdes himself called at our house, and before I came from home, my mother, after a short conference with Dorcis, said to me, in the exuberance of her joy, ' Go, child, and call here all the maidens, as thy father ere long will go to outshine all the Grecian chiefs.' So that if my father does go, thou wilt remain in Sparta. Then, my ueloverl Lysander — and — and — but what ails th^e? Is that thought so sorrowful ? " Lysander. "Pardon me, pardon ; thou art a Spartan maid ; thou must comprehend what should be felt by a Spartan soldier when he thinks of humiliation and ingratitude to his chief Gods ! the man who rolled IIH'^ 1 1 . I- ^ I ':\ ^i i"'- Lii^DI 1^ iM If m • i 1 1 : i H Ki i 1'. , 1, :| 1 ■'•1 1 1 ;'§'♦ ^ ■■■3'i ^ i * JLlB 1, J 276 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. back the storm of the Mede to be insulted in the face of Hellas by the government of his native city ! The blush of shame ui)on his cheek burns my own." The warrior bowed his face in his clasped hands. Not a resentful thought natural to female vanity and e..acting affection then crossed the mind of the Spartan girl. She felt at once, by the sympathy of kindred nurture, all that was torturing her lover. She was even prouder of him that he forgot her for the moment to be so tru*''ful to his chief; and abandoning the innocent coyness she had before shown, she put her arm round his neck with a pure and sisterly fondness, and, kissing his brow, whispered soothingly, " It is for me to ask pardon, that I did not think of this — that I spoke so foolishly ; but comfort — thy chief is not dis- graced even by recall. Let them recall Pausanias, they canno' recall his glory. When, in Sparta, did we ever hold a 'rave man discredited by obedience to the government? None are disgraced who do not disgrace themselves." " Ah ! my Percalus, so I should say ; but so will not think Pausanias, nor the allies ; and in this slight to him I see the shadow of the Erinnys. But it may not be true yet ; nor can Periclides of himself dispose thus of the Lacedaemonian armies." "We will hope so, dear Lysander," said Percalus, who, born to be man's helpmate, then only thought of consoling and cheering him. "■ And if thou dost return to the camp, tarry as long as thou wilt, thou wilt find Percalus the same." PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 277 the face ! The xnds. nity and Spartan kindred ^as even ment to ing the put her mdness, It is for —that I not dis- ,usanias, , did we e to the disgrace ; so will is slight t it may dispose "The Gods bless thoc, maiden ! " said Lysander, with grateful passion, " and blessed be the State that rears such women ; elsewhere Greece knows them not." '^And does Gi\)ece elsewhere know such men?" asked Per.alus, raising her graceful head. " But so late— is it possible ? See where the shadows are falling ! Thou wilt but be in time for ihy pheidition. Fare- well." " But when to meet again ? " " Alas ! when \\v i^B." She sprang lightly away ; tiien turning her face as she thd, added, " Look out ! thou wert taught to steal in thy boyhood — steal an interview. I will be thy accomplice." 'ercalus, Dught of ou dost ilt, thou li^^^^^H^^B^^I' fB^BM i '^■^^^ r ! i| ii N li f!l! 278 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN, CHAP'l'KR VII. Thai night, lis Agcsilaus was leaving the public table at which he su})ped, Periclides, who was one of the same company but who had been unusually silent during the entertainment, ai)proached him, and said, " Let us walk towards thy home together ; the moon is up, and will betray listeners to our converse should there be any," " And in default of the moon, thy years, if not yet mine, permit thee a lanthorn, Periclides," " I have not drunk enough to need it," answered the Chief of the Ejjhors, with unusual pleasantry ; " but as thou art the younger man, I will lean on thine arm, so as to be closer to thine ear," " Thou hast something secret and grave to say, then?" Periclides nodded. As they ascended the rugged acclivity, different groups, ecjually returning home from the public tables, passed them. Though the sacred festival had given excuse for prolonging the evening meal, and the wine- cup had been replenished beyond the abstemious wont, still each little knot of revellers passed, and dis- persed in a sober and decorous quiet which perhaps no other eminent city in Greece could have exhibited ; young and old equally grave and noiseless. For the :!l1. PAUSANIAS, THE SrAKTAN. 279 public one of y silent id siiid, J moon should not yet iswered isantry ; )n thine to say, iifferent : tables, d given le wine- temious md dis- perhaps libited ; For the Spartan youth, no fair Hetaeroe then oi)cncd homes adorned with flowers, and gay with wit, no less than alluring with beauty ; but as the streets grew more deserted, there stood in the thick shadow of some angle, or glided furtively by some winding wall, a bridegroom lover, tarrying till all was still, to steal to the arms of the lawful wife, whom for years perhaps he might not openly acknowledge, and carry in triumph to his home. But not of such young adventurers thought the sage Periclides, though his voice was as low as a lover's "hist!" and his step as stealthy as a bride- groom's tread. *' My friend," said he, " with the faint grey of the dawn there comes to my house a new messenger from the camp, and the tidings he brings change all our decisions. The Festival does not permit us as Ephors to meet in public, or, at least, 1 think thou wilt agree with me it is more prudent not to do so. All we should do now, should be in strict privacy." "But hush ! from whom the message — Pausanias?" " No — from Aristides, the Athenian." "And to what effect?" "The lonians have revolted from the Spartan hegemony, and ranged themselves under the Athenian flag." " Gods ! what I feared has already come to pass." " And Aristides writes to me, with w^hom you re- member that he has the hospitable ties, that the Athe- nians cannot al)andon their Ionian allies and kindred IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ x^ ^Z<^ f^^A; ^ ^ « ^ 1.0 I.I 2.0 1125 i 1.4 in^H 11.6 Hiotographic Sdences Corporation ^^ <(s\ ^r\\ 23 WIST MAIN STRIET WEBSTER, N.Y. USM (716) 172-4303 '^ 280 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. who thus appeal to them, and that if Pausanias remain, open war may break out between the two divisions into which the fleet of Hellas is now rent." " This must not be, for it would be war at sea ; we and the Peleponnesians have far the fewer vessels, the less able seamen. Sparta would be conquered." " Rather than Sparta should be conquered, must we not recall her General ?" " I would give all my lands, and sink out of the rank of Equal, that this had not chanced," said Agesi- laus, bitterly. " Hist ! hist ! not so loud." '' I had hoped we might induce the Regent himself to resign the command, and so have been spared the shame and the pain of an act that affects the hero- blood of our kings. Could not that be done yet ?" " Dost thou think so ? Pausanias resign in the midst of a mutiny? Thou canst not know the ); man. " Thou art right — impossible. I see no option now. He must be recalled. But the Spartan hegemony is then gone — gone for ever — gone to Athens." " Not so. Sparta hath many a worthy son beside this too arrogant Heracleid." " Yes ; but where his genius of command ? — where his immense renown ? — where a man, I say, not in Sparta, but in all Greece, fit to cope with Aristides and Cimon in the camp, with Themistocles in the city of our rivals? If Pausanias fails, who succeeds ?" " Be not deceived. What must be, must ; it is but iiiniWr'iliifirrTiii PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 281 the the a little time earlier than Necessity would have fixed. Wouldst thou take the command?" " I ? The Gods forbid." " Then, if thou wilt not, I know but one man." "And who is he?" " Dorcis." Agesilaus started, and, by the light of the moon, gazed full upon the face of the chief Ephor. " Thy kinsman, Dorcis ? Ah ! Periclides, hast thou schemed this from the first ?" Periclides changed colour at finding himself thus abruptly detected, and as abruptly charged ; however, he answered with laconic dryness, — " Friend, did I scheme the revolt of the lonians ? But if thou knowest a better man than Dorcis, speak. Is he not brave?" " Yes." " Skilful ?" " No. Tut ! thou art as conscious as I am that thou mightest as well compare the hat on thy brow to the brain it hides as liken the stolid Dorcis to the fiery but profound Heracleid." " Ay, ay. But there is one merit the hat has which the brow has not — it can do no harm. Shall we send our chiefs to be made worse men by Eastern manners? Dorcis has dull wit, granted ; no arts can corrupt it ; he may not save the hegemony, but he will return as he went, a Spartan." " Thou art right again, and a wise man, Periclides. I submit. Thou hast my vote for Dorcis. What else If- v"- h [t I 282 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. hast thou designed ? for I see now that whatever thou designest that wilt thou accomplish ; and our meeting on the Archeion is but an idle form." " Nay, nay," said Periclides, with his austere smile, " thou givest me a wit and a will that I have not. But as chief of the Ephors I watch over the State. And though I design nothing, this I would counsel. On the day we answer the lonians, we shall tell them, * What ye ask, we long since proposed to do.' And Dorcis is already on the seas as successor to Pau- sanias." " When will Dorcis leave ? " said Agesilaus, curtly. " If the other Ephors concur, to-morrow night." " Here we are at my doors, wilt thou not enter ?" " No. I have others yet to see. I knew we should be of the same mind." Agesilaus made no reply ; but as he entered the court-yard of his house, he muttered uneasily, — " And if Lysander is right, and Sparta is too small for Pausanias, do not we bring back a giant who will widen it to his own girth, and rase the old foundations to make room for the buildings he would add ? " -ft 4 (unfinished.) PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 283 . The pages covered by the manuscript of this uncom- pleted story of " Pausanias" are scarcely more numer- ous than those which its author has filled the notes made by him from works consulted with special refer- ence to the subject of it. Those notes (upon Greek and Persian antiquities) are wholly without interest for the general public. They illustrate the author's con- scientious industry, but they afford no clue to the plot of his romance. Under the saw-dust, however, thus fallen in the industrial process of an imaginative work, unhappily unfinished, I have found two specimens of original composition. They are rough sketches of songs expressly composed for " Pausanias ," and, since they are not included in the foregoing portion of it, I think they may properly be added here. The un- rhymed lyrics introduced by my father into some of the opening chapters of this romance appear to have been suggested by some fragments of Mimnermus, and composed about the same time as " The Lost Tales of Miletus." Indeed, one of them has been already printed in that work. The following verses, however, which are rhymed, bear evidence of having been composed at a much earlier period. I know not whether it was my father's intention to discard them altogether, or to alter them materially, or to insert them without alteration in some later portion of the romance. But I print them here precisely as they are written. L. 284 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. FOR PAUSANIAS. Partially borrmvtii from Aristophanos' '■^Peace^''^ v. 112*1, ^^^« Away, away, with the helm and greaves, Away with the leeks and cheese ! * I have conquer'd my passion for wounds and blows. And the worst that I wish to the worst of my foes Is the glory and gain Of a year's campaign On- a diet of leeks and cheese. I love to drink by my own warm hearth, Nourished with logs from the pine clad heights. Which were hewn in the blaze of the summer sun To treasure his rays for the winter nights On the hearth where my grandam spun. I love to drink of the grape I press. And to drink with a friend of yore ; Quick ! bring me a bough from the myrtle tree Which is budding afresh by Nicander's door. Tell Nicander himself he must sup with me. And along with the bough from his myrtle tree We will circle the lute, in a choral glee To the goddess of corn and peace. For Nicander and I were fast friends at school. Here he comes ! We are boys once more. When the grasshopper chaunts in the bells of thyme, I love to watch if the Lemnian grape f * Tvfiov re Hoi xpojiiuvoov. Cheese and onions, the rations furnished to soldiers in campaign. t It "ipened earlier than the others. The words of the Chorus are, raS Arfi-iviai d/nTeeXovi ei it£7taivov6iv r/drf PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. 285 7, dc. Is donning the purple that decks its prime ; And, as I sit at my porch to see, With my Uttle one trying to scale my knee, To join in the grasshopper's cliaunt, and sing To Apollo and Pan from the heart of Spring. * Listen, O list ! Hear ye not, neighbors, the voice of Peace ? " The swallow I hear in the household eaves." lo i^gien ! Peace ! ** And the skylark at poise o'er the bended sheaves," lo i^gien ! Peace ! Here and there, everywhere, hear we Peace, Hear her, and see her, and clasp her — Peace ! The grasshopper chaunts in the bells of thyme, And the halcyon is back to her nest in Greece ! is, the Chorus IN PRAISE OF THE ATHENIAN KNIGHTS. Imitated frovi the ^^ Knights^^ of Aristophanes v. j6j, etc. Chaunt the fame of the Knights, or in war or in peace, Chaunt the darlings of Athens,+ the bulwarks of Greece, Pressing foremost to glory, on wave and on shore. Where the steed has no footing they win with the oar. % On their bosoms the battle splits, wasting its shock. If they charge like the whirlwind, they stand like the rock. * Variation — "What a blessing is life in a noon of Spring." t Variation — "The adorners of Athens, the bulwarks of Greece." ;(: Variation — *' Keenest racers .o glory, on wave or on shore, P,y the rush of the steed or the stroke of the oar!" II M 286 PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN. Ha ! they count not the numbers, they scan not the ground, When a foe comes in sight on his lances they bound. Fails a foot in its speed ? heed it not. One and all * Spurn the earth that they spring from, and own not a fall. O the darlings of Athens, the bulwarks of Greece, Wherefore envy the lovelocks they perfume in peace ! Wherefore scowl if they fondle a quail or a dove. Or inscribe on a myrtle the names that they love ? Does Alcides not teach us how valour is mild ? Lo, at rest from his labours he plavs with a child. When the slayer of Python has put down his bow. By his lute and his lovelocks Apollo we know. Fcar'd, O rowers, those gallants their beauty to spoil When they sat on your benches, and shared in your toil ! When with laughter they row'd to your cry " Hippopai," '* On ye coursers of wood, for the palm wreath, away ! " Did those dainty youths ask you to store in your holds Or a cask from their crypt or a lamb from their folds ? No, they cried, ** We are here both to fight and to fast. Place us first in the fight, at the board serve us last ! Wheresoever is peril, we knights lead the way, Wheresoever is hardship, we claim it as pay. Call us proud, O Athenians, we know it full well, And we give you the life we're too haughty to sell," Hail the stoutest in war, hail the mildest in peace. Hail the darlings of Athens, the bulwarks of Greece ! * Variation — *• Falls there one ? never hulp him I 0\\y knights one and aU," id, \ aU."