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 VOYAGE 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD: 
 
 WHICH WAS PKRrORMED IN 
 
 THE YEARS I7S5, I786, I 787, AND 1/38, 
 
 BY 
 
 M. De La PEYROUSE: . 
 If^c, i^v. l^c. 
 
 > 
 
 *»^ 
 
 m 
 
*)R, 
 
VO Y AGE 
 
 ROUND THE WOilLT): 
 
 WHICH VAS PEFORMED IN 
 
 THE Yi£ARS 1 785, I 786. I 78 7, AND 1788, 
 
 BY 
 
 M. De La PEYROUSE : 
 
 ABRIDGED FROM THE ORIGINAL FRENCH JOURNAL OF M, 
 DE LA PF.YROUSE, WHICH WAS LATELY PUBLISHED BY 
 M. IMILET-MUREAU, IN OHEDIENCE TO AN ORDER FROM 
 THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT. 
 
 TO WHICH ARE ADDED : 
 
 A Voyage from Miinillu to Ciilifomia, 
 
 BY 
 
 DON ANTONIO MAURELLE: 
 
 AND AN ABSTRACT OF 
 
 riiE y or AGE and discoveries 
 
 OF THE LATE 
 
 CAPTAIN C. VANCOUVER. 
 
 EmhcWuleJ ivitb Four Fine Engravings, 
 
 F D I N D IT R G H I 
 
 PRINTED BY J. MOIR, PATE R SON'^- COURT ! 
 iiiR, T. UROWN, NO. 1. tJOHTlI- BR.IDGE STREET) 
 
 and siiU by 
 
 W. Co';e, Liilh \ Drash ami Ri;id, Cla>rrmv\ T. ITlLLj 
 
 J':rth\ A. Urown, .ibenJcci ; G. MiLNE, Dundee \ 
 
 W. BoYDi Dumfiiet ; Kmblc ri)N, liemvick on 
 
 T\VtlJ\ W. 1IaI.LC;ARI II. JUII. South ShnUt\ 
 
 M\<\ Crosby «S< l."o. LvnJ.n, 
 
 1798, 
 
I fk 
 
 <^ 
 
PREFACE BY THE EDITOR. 
 
 Jl HIS little volume contains the substance 
 of TWO recent Publications ; concernini^ 
 which the curiosity of the world has been 
 very powerfully excited ; which are filled 
 with knowledge of a species that is re- 
 markably fitted to expand and illumhiate 
 every mind ; but which are to be bou.njht 
 at an expence that, but for the expedient 
 of abridgement, must exclude the greater 
 number of readers from diiy acquaintance 
 with their contents. 
 
 The original work from which the /Ic- 
 count of the Voyage of M. de la Pey- 
 aousE, has been extracted, is not simply a 
 narrative. It comprehends — the very ela- 
 borate papers of instructions and advice^ 
 which were given to direct the investiga- 
 tions, and to guide the course, of the 
 French navigators, — the journal of La 
 Feyrousey which he had transmitted home 
 for p ibhcation, — a Spanish journal which 
 
 a 
 
(11 
 
 VI 
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 ■|^ 
 
 La Pey rouse sent to France, with his own 
 papers, for the sake of illustrating the his- 
 tory of the South Sea Isles, — with various 
 extracts from the letters of La Fey rouse 
 himself, and of the companions of his voy- 
 age, which serve to conHrm the narrative 
 in the principal journal, or to enlarge it 
 by the communication of new particulars. 
 Charts, and other engra^ings, accompany 
 and illustrate the journal, and the oihe|. 
 communications : And a number of nau- 
 tical tables close the whole, at the end. 
 
 Ji! 
 
 It is true, tliat the Instrdciions with 
 which La Pevkousk \\as favoured, v. hen 
 he set out on his voyage, are more elabo- 
 rate than any which v^c knovv' to have 
 been given to the navigators, who were 
 sent u])on our British voyages of dl.^cove- 
 ry. But, if all the science and intelli- 
 gence of the British is'ation, had been 
 strained in one great clfort, to produce the 
 most ample and luminous papers of In- 
 sTRrciioNs, wliich could be given to na- 
 vigators setting out on a voyage of disco- 
 very round the world j the i;iali iVom 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 VU 
 
 I his own 
 
 J the his- 
 1 various 
 F<yrouse 
 his voy- 
 larrative 
 large it 
 ticiihirs. 
 :)nipany 
 c oihej. 
 of nau- 
 : Qwd. 
 
 .^s with 
 , V, hen 
 : ehibo- 
 
 have 
 :) were 
 ijcovc- 
 IiUelli- 
 
 1 been 
 lee the 
 of In- 
 to na- 
 
 (lisLO- 
 
 iVom 
 
 5;uch an effort would, doubtless, have l)cen 
 very much superior to that which France 
 y;d\Q. to guide an enterprize intended to 
 eclipse the fame of the voyages of Cook. 
 Except the nautical and geographical 
 ?iotes by Fleurieu, no otber part of these 
 papers is distinguished by superlati\e ex- 
 cellence. Tlie comniunicaiion from the 
 Academy of Sciences, is, in comparison 
 wjtii what was to be expected, contempti- 
 bly trivial and superficial. 
 
 LvPeyrouseVs Journal itself is wiittcn 
 in a plain, maidy manner, without much af- 
 fectation. Its nautical and Hydro^^raphi- 
 cal merit appears to be very considerable. 
 But, it presents nuich less of new infor- 
 ju'Jtioii, than one should have expected, 
 concerning the dillcrent provinces of Na- 
 tural History, and, in particular, concern- 
 ing the features of savage und barbarian 
 life — in the Isles of the Southern Ocean, 
 or on the coasts of the the A Man or thu 
 Atiieiican continent. I'he French voy- 
 agers seem to have been l)ut ill-(|ualilJL'.(l 
 for the observation of savage or barbarian 
 
 H 2 
 
 ;r 
 
Vlil 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 :^! 
 
 !!■ 
 
 r'4 
 
 manners. Their minds wanted that 
 prompt iertihty in the invention of the 
 expedients suitable to every exigency in 
 rhe intercourse with savaiL';es, whicli Bri- 
 Tons have ever eminently displayed in 
 similar expeditions. They had set out 
 "with a theoretic fancy, th^xt passive gentle- 
 ness would ac coniphsh every thing ; and, 
 when this failed them, they knew not 
 what to do. Their first misfortunes ab- 
 solutely unmanned their minds, and re- 
 duced tlicm to act ever after with a timid 
 caution, whitli frustrated many of the best 
 purposes of their voyage. Where La 
 Pey rouse expatiates in general views, and 
 sets himself to reason, and to speculate in 
 his Joiunal ; what he says, is, for the great- 
 er part, of very little value, lie discovers 
 much of that conceited dogmatism, for 
 which the French character has long been 
 remarkable. He is far too ready to con- 
 clude, that, what he saw not, cannot have 
 been ever seen by others ; that, what his 
 reason camiot, at a first view, approve, 
 must be utterly absurd. A comparative 
 want of boldness, of fortitude, of patience, 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IX 
 
 d that 
 of the 
 cncy in 
 ch Bri- 
 vccl in 
 set out 
 
 ;; and, 
 2W not 
 nes ab- 
 ind re- 
 a timid 
 he best 
 ere La 
 vsy and 
 late in 
 great- 
 er overs 
 n, for 
 been 
 > con- 
 have 
 ;i( his 
 )r()vr, 
 liitivc 
 
 of enlargement of mind, of the energetic 
 spirit of luiconquerable perseverance, ap- 
 pears, from this Journal, to have, but too 
 conspicuously, marked the chnracters of 
 the French navigators. The whole Nar- 
 rative possesses a considerable dashing of 
 Gallic vanity. The amorous propensities 
 of the French, which have often spoiled 
 their fortunes, seem to have been the true 
 cause of one of the most serious disasters 
 wliich these voyagers met with, in tht* 
 i:ourse of their whole cNpedition. 
 
 The EXTRACTS from the pri\'ate corre- 
 si'oNDENCE of La IVvnnisc himself and his 
 companions, with tiieir friends in France, 
 jidd little or nothing to the information in 
 (he Jouriuil, but conlirm that inform:ition 
 by nuiltiplieil testimonies, and e\in(e the 
 voyagers to have li\'ed hap])ily together, 
 to have retained a tender reinembiancc 
 of the friends they had left in Fnince, and 
 lo have been, e\erv one, viQiliniily atten- 
 five to his proper functions in the prose- 
 I'Uti'^n of the \'ovo2fe. 
 
 'O' 
 
■It 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 In the Abridgement of the Account 
 cf this Voyage of La Peyrouse, only one 
 continued Narrative has been formed. 
 Anecdotes of the Life of La Peyrouse ; the 
 substance of the Instructions which were 
 given him ; the most remarkable particu- 
 lars from the correspondence, are involved, 
 in this abstracted narrative, with the tenor 
 of the principal Journal. It was suppos- 
 ed that, by this oeconomy, the Abridge- 
 iMENT would be rendered more convenient 
 to the reader, more interesting, more le- 
 gitimately classical, as a composition, than 
 if each particular part of the orif':*iial col- 
 lection should be abridged by itself. Of 
 La Peyrouse's work, the nautical matter 
 is far the most valuable : And, lV)r this 
 leason, extreme care has been used, not 
 to mar this matter in abridging it. The 
 information relative to Natural Hi^tory, 
 and to human society, as being the most 
 generally interesting to reatleis of all clas- 
 ses, is here detailed with the aiuplest ex- 
 pansion of the matter. The speculatio . 
 oi M. de la Peyrouse, as being of into ior 
 value, aic, for the greater pari, omitted. 
 
 M 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 xi 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 The discoveries made on the North-Ea«t 
 coast of Tartary, being singularly import- . 
 ant, are related at full length, with the 
 careful display of almost every minute 
 particular. 
 
 The "Narrative of the Voyage of the 
 Spanish navigator, Maurelle, is abridged 
 in the second of the articles which com- 
 pose this little Volume. His calculations of 
 the latitudes appear to be very inaccurate. 
 But, this abstract of his Narrative contains 
 the only account which we possess in Eng- 
 lish, of the intercourse of the Spaniards 
 with the inhabitants of the newly disco- 
 vered isles in the southern ocean. Mau- 
 RF.LLE seems to have acted with considera- 
 bly more of spirit, prudence, and fertihty 
 of resources accommodated to tlie exi- 
 gencies of a new situation, than were ex- 
 ercised by L\ Pcyrouse in his intercourse 
 with the ,c savage or barbarian islanders. 
 The short narrative of Maurelle, throws 
 more light than the whole Journal of La 
 Pcyrouse, on the manners of the people 
 
Xll 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ,..i; 
 
 ,''•; 
 
 III' 
 
 I I 
 
 '!i 
 
 of those remote isles, by which European 
 curiosity has been so strongly attracted. 
 
 The very valuable and well-written ac- 
 count of the voyages of Vancouver, has 
 been but just given to the public. It is 
 the work of the commander by whom the 
 expedition was conducted. It is to be la« 
 mented,that a man so accomplished should 
 have been called away, by a premature 
 death, while the last sheets of his work 
 were in the press, from the service of his 
 country. The very brief abstract of Van- 
 couver's narrative, wliich makes the third 
 article in this volume, will clearly evince 
 to the reader, the importance of Vancou- 
 vl;i<.'s discoveries on the nortli-wcst coast 
 of America, and will contribute, it is hop- 
 ed, to diffuse wider the fame of his expe- 
 dition, but cannot at all injure the sale of 
 tht, (iriginul work, — of w hich it is, in truth, 
 but a very meagre skeleton. Vancou- 
 ver and his companions proved them- 
 selves to be incomparably better (jualificd 
 than the French navigators, vvith that pa- 
 tient perseverancL", penetration, compre- 
 
 I, 
 
European 
 :tracted. 
 
 'ritten ac- 
 JVER, has 
 ic. It is 
 A' horn the 
 i to be la- 
 ed should 
 remature 
 his work 
 :e of his 
 ; of Van - 
 the third 
 y evince 
 Vancou- 
 :st coast 
 t is hoj). 
 lis cxpe- 
 e sale of 
 in truth, 
 
 ^AN'COU- 
 
 l them- 
 ualificd 
 liat pa- 
 oj np re- 
 
 p R E F A c £. 
 
 xm 
 
 hensive sagacity, fortitude, and cool intre- 
 pidity, which are necessary to the success- 
 ful accomplishment of any very perilous 
 and extensive voyage of discovery. Van- 
 couver appears to me, to have suHicient- 
 jy evinced the impossibility of any passage 
 for ships, between the Atlantic and the 
 Pacific Oceans, withni those latitudes be- 
 tween which this passage has been sought. 
 But, I am far from believing, that he has 
 traced the whole outline of the coast which 
 he surveyed, with the most perfect accu- 
 racy. He sailed over that parallel of la- 
 titude in which La Peyrouse places his 
 Port des Fmncois, without discovering its 
 existence. And I doubt not but there re- 
 mains much to be yer discovered on these 
 coasts by the diligence of future navigators. 
 
 II. 
 
C O N T E N-T S. 
 
 m 
 
 A. I ' 
 
 -i "!' 
 
 ill 
 
 y 
 
 La Pey rouse's Voyagei 
 
 Page 
 
 Chapter First. Do 
 
 St 
 
 g" 
 
 o 
 
 f tl 
 
 le vova 
 
 ge 
 
 and 
 
 course to the Isle of St Cathenne''9, on the 
 eastern coast of rfouth Ameiica, 
 
 Ci-i/iPTER SrccND. Voyage, observations, and 
 transactions, from the 6th day of Novem- 
 ber 1781;, to the 8:h of April 1786 j In- 
 cluding the course from St Catherine's to 
 E'.isttr Island ; with descriptions of St Ca- 
 therine's •, the Sftt!cmont of Conception on 
 the coast of Clillt, Sec. 
 
 Chaptlr Third. Nirrativc of the voyage con- 
 tiniutd, from their arrival at Easter Island, 
 on the 9^1 of April 17S6, till their depar- 
 ture from tlie iSandwich Isles, on the ist uf 
 June. Description of Easter Island, with 
 some pariiculiirs concerning ti.e liandwlch 
 
 Isl 
 
 es. 
 
 Dhaptl;; Fourth. Narrative of the voyar;e 
 continued, from the ist of June 1786, to 
 the beginning of AuL;'jst : IncUi'lIng the 
 course fri)m the oundvvich Isles to Port de 
 Fran^'ois, with Its transac:ions, discoveiies, 
 and misfoiluni-'Sf • • - 
 
 !!hai'ter Fiftu 
 
 N 
 
 avrative 
 
 fth 
 
 e voynge con- 
 
 tinued, from the be > \i">ning of Augusc to the 
 end of September 1786 : Progress down the 
 
 13 
 
 4S 
 
CONTENTS, 
 
 ar 
 
 Pag 8 
 
 Page 
 
 ; and 
 
 m the 
 
 s, and 
 
 j in- 
 e's to 
 t Ca- 
 on on 
 
 : con- 
 and, 
 par- 
 st uf 
 with 
 wIcU 
 
 13 
 
 J 
 
 N. W. coast of America, from Port de 
 Francois to Mvinterey : Discoveries and ob- 
 servations on the coast : Description of the 
 bay of Monterey : Astronomical observa- 
 tions : Sketch of the present state of the 
 two Calipfornias, &c. 
 
 Chapter Sixth. Narrative of the voyage con- 
 tinued, from the 24th of September 1786, 
 to the id of January 1787. Course from 
 Monterey to the road of Macao, 
 
 [Chapter Seventh. Narrative of the voyage 
 continued, from the 3d of Jaouary to the 
 yth of April 1787. Transactions at Ma- 
 cao, with a description of that place : Pas- 
 sage to Luconia ; and thence ro Manilla : 
 Description of Manilla, &,c. 
 
 Chapter Eiohth. Narrative of the voyage 
 continued, from the 9th of August 1787. 
 Course to explore the N. E. coast of Cliina, 
 rind Chinese Taitary : Discoveries in the 
 sea of Japan, in the channel of Tartary, on 
 the Tartarian coast, &c. 
 
 Chapier Njnth. Narrative of the voyage 
 continued, from the 29th of July to the 6th 
 of September 1787. Transactions and dis- 
 coveries in the Kaie dc Castries. Disco- 
 very of a Streight dividing [esso from Oku- 
 
 J 
 
 esbo. 
 
 oca 
 
 bul 
 
 arv o 
 
 f t' 
 
 le 
 
 L 
 
 anguage o 
 
 f 
 
 'J'choka, named by the Russians, Segalien 
 Course to Kamtbchatka, 6ic. 
 
 76 
 
 99 
 
 108 
 
 128 
 
 165 
 
xvi 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 f 
 I 
 
 mh 
 
 m 
 
 Page 
 
 m 
 
 Chaptek Tenth, Narrative of the voyage 
 continued, from the 7th of September to 
 the 1st of October 1787. Transactions in 
 the Bay of Avatscha : Short account of 
 Kamtschatka : Departure upon a southern 
 course, - - - , 
 
 Chapter Eleventh. Narrative of the voyage 
 continued, from the end of September to 
 the 14th of December 1787. Course from 
 the Bay of Avatscha, southward, to the Na- 
 vigators' Isles. Anchorage at the Isle of 
 Maouna : Manners of its inhabitants : Mas- 
 sacre of M. de Langle, with eleven persons 
 of the two crews. Isles of Oyolava and 
 Pola : Intercourse with their inhabitants. 
 Cocoa and Traitor Isles, Sec. 
 Chapter. Twelfth. Narrative of the voyage 
 continued, from tae 23d of December 1787, 
 to the end of January 1788. Course from 
 the Navigators' Isles to Botany- Bay. Ac- 
 count of the Island of V vao. Traffic with 
 the people of Tongataboo. Description of 
 Norfolk Island, &c. 
 Voyage of Don Antonio Maurelle, - 
 Voyage of Captain George Vancouver, 
 
 193 
 
 212 
 
 ^93 
 259 
 393 
 
 I 
 
 wi 
 
 '•i'J:i 
 
 F.,.,ii 
 
N A R R A T I V E 
 
 OF 
 
 A VOYAGE OF DISCO VEF.Y, 
 
 rsY THE LATE 
 
 M. DE LA PEYROUSK 
 
 CH AIMER FIRST. 
 
 DESION OF THE VOYAGK; AND COURSK TO THK tSLL OF ST. 
 
 Catherine's, on the eastern coast of south AMiRitA. 
 
 JL HE first family of the Viurann race -^vcre probably 
 settled in one particular situ.itlon on the earth, in 
 which they lived, vvithout any CKtensivc knowledge 
 of the rest of its surface. Their immediate posteri- 
 ty were dispersed by accidents, and in circumstan- 
 ce';, which gave them no Inclination to systematic, 
 j^eo;Traphical discovery, and which, for the greater 
 part, as it should seem, occasioned the different tribes 
 to lose the distinct remembrance of tlicir parent- 
 seats, as well as to become careless of a mutual and 
 
 a 
 
 f 
 
 ^cnt' al communication, Jrom time to time, with oue 
 another. Casual wanderings betucen the seat of 
 one tribe and that of another, first contributed to 
 renew that mutual intercourse of mankind vNhicIt 
 had seemed to be lest by their disper/ion. Incipient 
 
* 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 il 
 
 commerce aided and extended this intercourse. 
 War and the spirit of conquest soon arose, to re- 
 imite various petty tribes under the dominion of one 
 monarch. Colonization, conducted partly on the 
 principles of conquest, and in part, on those of com- 
 merce, did something more to make the human in- 
 habitants, even of widely distant parts of the world, 
 acquainted with one another's existence and circum- 
 stances. The rise and progress of science, in Egypt, 
 5n Greece, in Italy, formed so many different cen- 
 tres of knowledge. The establishment of the Ro- 
 man Empire comprehended all these centres within 
 one great system, the several different parts of which 
 Lad a necessary correspondence with one anotner. 
 The irruption of barbarous conquest destroyed this 
 system, and dismembered all its parts. Christiani- 
 ty, under the Roman Pontiff, endeavoured again to 
 combine, and to civilize the world. A focus of the 
 knowledge of the earth and of human society, w^as 
 thus established in Europe. Crusading wars, and 
 the navigation of the Mediterranean Sea and of the 
 German Ocean, gradually enlarged the sphere of 
 this knowledge, and enhanced its splendour. It was 
 soon astonishingly expanded by the navigation of the 
 Indian, and of the Atlantic Ocean. Piracy, com- 
 merce, travels on land, voyages by sea, still stretch- 
 ed wider its compass, cleared its avenues, and brought 
 its most distant extremities virtually nearer together, 
 by facilitating the mutual communication between 
 them. Mankind ceased to be so many distinct hordes, 
 and seemed to become, again, one great family. Ava- 
 jjce, accident, conquest, had hitherto done all this. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. J 
 
 Benevolence and scientific curiosity were, at length, 
 to lend their assistance. In a happy time, Georgk 
 THE Third ascended the British throne : under his 
 auspices, expeditions of benevolent discovery were 
 sent out, to explore the southern and the northern 
 ocean. The curiosity, the emulation of all Europe 
 was awakened. France would contend with Britain 
 In a career more illustrious than that of conquest. 
 While Lewis the Sixteenth reigned., science and 
 benevolence held a powerful inlluence in the French 
 Administration. La PEYROusi: was sent out, to e- 
 mulate and to complete, the discoveries of Cook., 
 
 La Peyrouse was a' naval officer of great merit 
 and experience. He was born at /Ylbi, in the year 
 1 74 1. He entered, as a viidshipman^ into the French 
 Navy, in the year 1736. His gallantry wa3 emi- 
 nently distinguished in the fam.ous naval engagement 
 in which the French fleet, under M. de Conflans, was 
 defeated, off Belleisle, by the English, command- 
 ed by Admiral Hawke. The war between France 
 and Britain ended. But La Peyrousk continued 
 in active service during all the interval of peace, till 
 France declared war, as the ally of America, against 
 Britain, in the year 1778. He had, in this period, 
 attained to the rank of Lieutenant ; and he was, now, 
 quickly promoted to the command of a separate ves- 
 sel. He executed with success, and not without ge- 
 nerous humanity to the sufferers, an enterprise oa 
 which he was sent, with three ships of war, from 
 Cape Francois, in the year 1782, for the destructioa 
 of the British settlements on Hudson's Bay, Hi* 
 
 A 2 
 
LA PEYROUSES VOTA^iE 
 
 m 
 
 II 
 
 reputation, as a naval ofHcer, recommenc!ed him to 
 tlie clioice of the French government, as n man lo 
 Avhum the Cc.re of vir.dicatin*; to las country, the 
 l^lory of naval, geographical dLscovcry, m'ght be Ht- 
 \y intrusted, in tlie year 1785. 
 
 The Ficnch Government, having projected th' ; 
 
 •d;t 
 
 f 
 
 ];i, 
 
 il 
 
 fxpedition vvuii c;encrous views ot iiueral enquiry 
 d emulation in science ; and havinLT, with "reat 
 
 an 
 
 ,->» 
 
 (llsci rument, selected such an oJictv as JM. de la 
 
 1 
 
 eyiouse, to c.nduct it > 
 
 failed 
 
 r.ot to ado[ t every 
 
 other possible precaution to fit it fur the successful 
 accomplishment of those objects to attain which it 
 was destined. I'wo frigates, La Boussoi-e and 
 L'AsTRoLABE, were nppropri:\ted, as the most suita- 
 ble vessels for the expedition. A very ample and 
 cla!)oratc pa;KT oi ifrsfi uc'iotr? was prepared, to spe- 
 cify to the intended navi;;ators, the plan of their 
 voya^^e ; to direct their ^cotrrapbica/ and hyn^ro^ra- 
 //)/t7;/ enquiries ; to. indicate those objects in /»u/uy 
 and con:mcrcCy which they were to keep in view ; to 
 j;uidc thcni in the ob!<crvation of new facts relative 
 to Astronomy, Natur.il Philosophy, and Nitural 
 History j to teach them, with what mingled lirmnrss 
 and gentleness, it mi.^lit Ltcome them to conciliate 
 the favour, while they should command the rcsi)cct, 
 of the sivagc inhabitants of whatsoever strange isles 
 or continents they might visit ; and to cnligiitrn 
 them with the best directions wliich medicine or na- 
 val experience could suggrst, for the preservation 
 of the health of the suip's crews, durin^» the long 
 period « for which they wcte destined to remain nt 
 sen. rtruaii u, n navigator of ilistinguishcd skill in 
 nil the must iajnotlant subjects of Mauiicul ni.d hy. 
 
 i 
 
 li 
 
ROUND THE WORLll. 
 
 eu hiivi to 
 
 n man to 
 
 ntry, the 
 
 l-t be Ht- 
 
 cttd th'.i 
 enquiry 
 itii threat 
 I\I. de la 
 1 1 every 
 
 UCCcSsful 
 
 n'liich it 
 3LE and 
 >st sulta. 
 iplc and 
 , to spe- 
 af their 
 
 f>uiicy 
 
 t'n ; to 
 
 cl itive 
 
 'J itural 
 
 rmnrss 
 
 I ili.itc 
 
 •spcct, 
 
 e isle?-, 
 
 '>;litcn 
 
 or na- 
 
 vatiun 
 lon>r 
 
 am At 
 lillin 
 liv. 
 
 
 jiograpKlcal research, collected into a scries of elabo- 
 rate uotes^ annexed to these instructions^ the most cu- 
 rious expositions and discussions of all the most inter- 
 esting, yet uncertain points, in the nautical geography 
 of the globe, which might be expected to have new 
 light thrown upon them by the obscrv:itIons of M, 
 nii L\ Peyrousk and his co-adjutors. The French 
 ^■/radftny of Sciences readily suggested, in an excel- 
 lent memoir, every topic in all the diifcrcnt sciences, 
 upon which the observations and cnfjuiries of the 
 voyagers mij;ht usefully turn. The eyes of all 
 Frame were earnestly turned upon an expedilioii 
 which promised much gl'^ry to the nation, and grear 
 improvements to the sciences and arts. Every one 
 was eager to make his contribution towards its suc- 
 cess. One communicated directions for new expe- 
 riments upon the preservation of fresh water for usi; 
 at sea : Another gave instructions for tlu collection 
 rtad the pre«.ervation of vej^etahlcs and fossils : Some 
 brought presents : Wlillc others were more lavish 
 of advice. Ample stores of provisions for the :.hip^' 
 cvc^vs,— of all those ttitlcs of l''.uro|)Can mnnufacturr, 
 v\hi' h are known to he the most acceptable to savr.- 
 p;es,"— of the Instruments of the different mechanic: 
 nrt%— of vegetable seeds and plants, to be disscmt-. 
 uUcd upon remote, fureiga coasts,— of all the Im- 
 plements necessary for the Intended scicntlac cb',cr- 
 viations,— with even a suitable nauthal and phllojo- 
 phical library, — were, by the cues of the French 
 A(hninislration, put on board the two frigates foi th'^ 
 voyage. The llritlsh BoarJ of Lonffitude Icn^, fm* 
 it*u<e, two dlj>plng compasses, which had h-.t^w ws'iX 
 
LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 :|| 
 
 ft' .■■ 
 
 '!i 
 
 
 d 
 
 ill Commodore Cock's last expedition. On board 
 llic vessel La Boussole, were embarked to the num- 
 ber of about 1 20 persons, under tbe immediate com- 
 ir.and of M. di: la Peyrousk. The crew, and the 
 otlier persons who sailed In L'^Vstrolabk, composed 
 abcut an equal number. Astronomers, engineers, 
 botanihts, mineralogists, draujs;htsmen, clock-makers, 
 n physician, persons eminently qualified for all the 
 different plans of observation and enquiry, to be pur- 
 sued in the voyage, were ;imong these two compa- 
 nies. M. DE Lanc.le, the friend of M. dk la Pey- 
 RousE, was appointed to the command of thc^ frigate 
 L'AsTR0LAr.E. In the beginning of July, in the 
 year 1785, the frigates, with ihoir full compleintnts 
 of men and stores, were ncaily ready to set sail from 
 the port of Brest. 
 
 On the jst day of August, they sailed from the 
 Koad of Brest. On the l,^th, they had rcaciuil 
 Madeira, without experiencing any remarkable ac- 
 tidcnt. In this course, their notice was not parti- 
 cularly attracted by any natural appearance, r,nve 
 I hat luminousncvs of the surface of tl'": sea by nlglit, 
 which has been often observed, in varbun places, 
 and is supposed to proceed from some small plios- 
 ]diorlc bodies, living or inanim (U'| dlti'uscd, iii infi- 
 
 nite mu 
 
 hitudt 
 
 e, over the waves, 
 
 At IMadcira, they were courteously welcomed by 
 IVIr John:itoun a British merchant, Mr Murray the 
 British consul, mul 1\I. Montcro, who Ijad the circ 
 uf the business of the Trench consulate, 1 lom Mr 
 Johnstcun, M. do h Feyrouse received n haiKlsome 
 nrcscnl of fruit?', lemon Juice, rum, and vuuC. Duv- 
 
 \'iil 
 
 be 
 
ROUND TiiE WORLD. 
 
 On board 
 the iium- 
 Hate com- 
 , and the 
 composed 
 iiigliiecrs, 
 .-mukers, 
 :ir all the 
 o be pur- 
 ) conipa> 
 LA Pev- 
 
 ', In the 
 
 ■)lemtnts 
 >ail from 
 
 rom tlie 
 rc;ichcd 
 iblc aC" 
 t parti< 
 c, r.-u'c 
 
 pierces, 
 
 11 pllO.H- 
 
 in infi- 
 
 ncd by- 
 ay t!u5 
 le c.irc 
 >ni Mr 
 ulsoiTie 
 
 i 
 
 Iii^T three days, the voyagers enjoyed the kind and 
 sumpsuous hospitality of their attentive hosts. But, 
 I\r. (Ic la Peyrouse had halted here only to purchase 
 wine for tlie voyage j which, he now learned, might 
 be had mure than one-half cheaper at TencrllTe. 
 On the 1 6th, therefore, they sailed for that ibie. 
 
 In the morning of the i8th, as they continued 
 their course, Salvage Island appeared within view. 
 Kuniiing down the east side of this isle, at about 
 half a league distance from the land, M. de la Pey- 
 rouse could perceive It to be bare of vegetation, and 
 to exhiint at its surface nothin;; but beds of lava and 
 (llflcrent matters of volcanic orijjln. He conceived 
 its c (ia'«t to be so safe for shipping, that there might 
 he an hundred fathoms depth of water, wiihin a 
 cable's length of the land. Its position they found 
 fiom tlicir time-keepers, and from astronomical ob* 
 ifTvation, to be in i8" 13' \V. longitude. In 3:1" 
 S' iV'N. latitude. 
 
 On the 19th of August, at three o'clock In the 
 afternoon, the two fiii,ates cast nncln.'r before 'I'l wi- 
 KiFfE, in the road of Santa Cruz. Mere they were 
 detained ten uayt; j receiving on l)oai(l slx^y pipc.n 
 of the wine of the island, for which they hid brought 
 emp'y casks. Krccting an observatory on shoic, 
 i.'jion their arrival, they made n number of oI)scrva- 
 lion^ to Hsteitain the precise movement of tijcir dlf- 
 fcreiit time-keepers, ar.d the l)v:arings of the phce. 
 'J he position of Santii Cru/. was found to be iu »H" 
 .V? 30" W. longiiudc. in :S" 27' yj' N. lati- 
 Uu!'?. Their exporimcnts on the dipping compass 
 ^iruvcd uucciuin aud unsaliif ictory in the ictuUs) 
 
W" 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S voyage 
 
 IV't 
 
 1. 1 
 
 I 
 
 *T 
 
 which they attributed to the attraction of the iron- 
 ore with which the whole soil of Tenerlffe is deeply- 
 impregnated. The naturalists were not idle. IVL 
 de la Martiniere made some botanical excursions ; 
 found several interesting plants j and perceived the 
 mercury in his barometer, which, at Santa Cruz stood 
 at 28 inches and 3 lines, to fall on the summit of the 
 famous Peak, to i8 inches 4|g. lines : At Santa Cru/, 
 the mercury stood at 24^", in the thermometer ; but 
 on the summit of the peak, subsided to 9". M. de 
 Monncron, engineer, attempted to measure the 
 height of the peak, by taking levels from its sum- 
 mit, down to the sea-shore. Rut, the obstinacy of 
 the mulettcers whom he had employed to attend 
 him, with his instruments and baggage, during the 
 operation, hindered him from completing it : And 
 his notes of those steps which he had taken, have 
 not been preserved *. During tlieir stay in the road 
 of Santa Cruz, the French voyagers experienced 
 many obliging civilities from the Marquis de Bran- 
 clfoite, Governor- general of the Canary Islands. 
 
 In the afternoon of the 30th of August, the voy- 
 age was renewed. Unwilling to touch at the uu- 
 hcallhy Cape he Vfrd islands, M. de la Peyrouse 
 wisl^.cd to proceed with iin uninterrupted course, to 
 the i.slc of La 'irinidada. They sailed through these 
 calm seas, without any unpleasant accident. For a 
 while, ihcy had the advantageous aid of the trade- 
 
 * Hebirilcn'n niciiMircmciit ol the hci^^ht of the pc.ik of Tc- 
 rxrilVc, nialies it 1,^71) toiits ; iViiillee, »,jij ; JJougucr, a,nv ; 
 VuUuti, Qouli, and Pitijgrc^ l,')'-\» 
 
 I en 
 -1.1 
 
 th. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 of the iron- 
 ffe Is deeply 
 t idle. M, 
 excursions ; 
 rceived the 
 . Cruz stood 
 nmit of the 
 Santn Crux 
 meter ; but 
 f. M. de 
 easure the 
 •m its sum- 
 bstlnacy of 
 I to attend 
 during the 
 J it : And 
 Iv.en, have 
 n the road 
 perienccd 
 de Bran- 
 ^lands. 
 tiie voy- 
 t the ui). 
 Pcyrouse 
 uursc, to 
 mh these 
 Tor a 
 ie trade- 
 
 I 
 
 Kvind'5. Solicitous to preserve the health of his 
 cre^\•s, as successfully as had been done by Cook, La 
 .P«r^!ou-e now made the sp:ice bctwet^n the decks to 
 be fiimi'ZHted, and was careful to have the hammocks 
 taken down, while circumstances would permit, from 
 c:!;ht o'clock in the morning till sunset. By the 
 direction of the trudc-wind, he was obliged to sail 
 parallel to the coast of Africa, longer thaa he had 
 intended, at about six^y leagues distance from the 
 lii.'.d. On the 29th cf Stptcmber, and In the iSlh 
 de^^ree of western longitude, they crossed the equi- 
 noctial line. From the Line, a S. E. wind pursued 
 them as far as 20° 2,' south laiitudc. Nor were 
 thfy able to get into the precise latitude of Trlni- 
 dada, till after they had run about 23 leagues of 
 longitude, eastward from it, Man-of wnr biids fol- 
 lowed them, In considerable numbers, from 8" N. 
 Irttltude, till they had proceeded 3" S. from the 
 lire. Their course was interrupted by none of those 
 c drns nhich some seamen fear, under the Line, in 
 these latitudes. Soon after their departure from 
 'I'enciiffj, the skies ceased to exhibit the clear azure 
 of the temperate zones. From the rising to th« 
 setting of the sun, a dull hazy whltoncss, somewiuit 
 between fog and clouds, conslantly obscured the at- 
 mosphere, and contracted their visible horiz-Mi to 
 the compass of about three leagues. Bi;t, the 
 nighti ucrc radiant and serene. 
 
 At 10 o'clock in the morning of the i6lh of Oc- 
 tober, they came within sight of the Isles of 1\Ia«.- 
 TiN Vas These islci arc only bare rocks. They 
 arc three In number \ separated from (Mie another, 
 
IC 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's VOYAGifi 
 
 'H 
 
 i\'^ 
 
 li il 
 
 by small intervals ; and, even tKe largest, but abor.t 
 a quarter of a leafTue in circunnference. Theli 
 
 , position is in 20^ 3c' 33" S. lut. in 30" 30' W. 
 long. 
 
 1 hey came ^vItbin Mgbt of the Island of Trtn:- 
 DADA, about sunset, on the same day. At 10 o'clock 
 r^xt morning, M. de la Peyrouse was surprised to 
 perceive the Portuguese Hag llying in the midst cf 
 a small port, at the bottom of an inlet formed by 
 the S. E. point of tlie isle. In the morning of the 
 18th, Lieutenant de V^aujuas, M. de la Martinierc, 
 and Father Recevcur, went on shore, in a pinnace 
 from L*Astrolabe. The surf ran so high, that, 
 but for the ready assistance of the Poituguese, the 
 beat's crew must have perished. About two hun- 
 dred men were found to compose the Portuguese 
 establishment on this isle. These had come, about 
 a J ear before, from Rio Janeiro, to take possession 
 of it. Little pleased with the curiosity of their vi- 
 sitants, they would not permit even the botanists to 
 go beyond the beach. In search of plants. Neither 
 wood nor water, was to be here procured. The 
 Portuguese assisted in putting olV the boat from the 
 
 'strand. And the Frenchmen rclurncd on board 
 their ship, disapppolnted of every object which they 
 had sought on the isle. Anotlur boat fiom M. dc 
 la Pcy route's own ship. La Bousso/c, Hive wise ap- 
 proached the shore, under the command of Lieu- 
 tenant Boutin. He sounded the road to within 
 musket shot of the beach ; and found its bortom to 
 be rocky, with a little sand. M. de Monncron, who 
 went in the boat, made an exact drawing of the port. 
 
£ 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 Jl 
 
 St, but about 
 ice. Their 
 30" 3^' W. 
 
 nd of TarNr- 
 U 10 o'clo( k 
 surprised to 
 the midft of 
 
 formed by 
 rning of the 
 
 Marttnlerc, 
 1 a pinnace 
 
 high, that, 
 ugucse, the 
 t two hun- 
 Portuguese 
 omc, about 
 i possession 
 of their vl. 
 DGtanlsts to 
 Neither 
 red. The 
 t from the 
 
 on board 
 vlilch they 
 om M. dc 
 vcwise ap- 
 
 of Licu- 
 
 to within 
 bottom to 
 cron, who 
 
 tijc port. 
 
 |kf . de Lamanon observed the rocks to be composed 
 (i^f basaltes, with other substances of volcanic origin. 
 The island of Trinidada presents to the eye nothing 
 but a barren rock, having, in some narrow glens 
 ■mong its heights, a few shrubs and a slight appear- 
 ance of verdure. The Portuguese have fixed their 
 Establishment in one of its glynns, in the south-east 
 cuarter of the island, which spreads out into a val?: 
 jiibout 300 toises in width. Jt is rather to prevent 
 ibthers from occupying it, than for the sake of any 
 advantage it can afford to themselves, that the Por- 
 J^uguesse have made a settlement on Trinidada. Its 
 '^outh-east point is in the southern latitude of 20** 
 31' J and, by lunar observation, in the western 
 longitude of 30*^ 57'. It had been, before, for a 
 time, occupied by the English. The Portuguese 
 garrison or colony are, for the present, supplied with 
 necessaries from Rio Janeiro. 
 
 On the 18th of October, the frigates sailed west- 
 waid. From the 18th to the evening of the 241!! 
 they went on in the same direction, in a fruitless 
 .search for the isle of Ascen^aon. M. de la Pey- 
 rouse then abandoned the search, and concluded 
 that no such island had existence. But, he had ex- 
 plored only the space of "j^ of longitude W. from 
 Trinidada, between the S. Latitudes of 2*^ 10' and 
 20" 30'. It is probable, that, if he had advanced 
 ? .ibout i" farther westward he would have discover- 
 ^ I'd the isle he sought, which docs not yet deserve to 
 
 be c: 
 
 dfi 
 
 xpungca Horn ine maps 
 
 th 
 
 A violent stotm assailed the voyagers on the 75th 
 jf October. 1 hey were enveloped in a circle of 
 
J^ 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S voyage 
 
 w 
 
 ■I 
 
 fire, about the hour of eight in the evening. Light- 
 t enings flashed from every point of the horizon: and 
 Jatnbcnt flames of the corposanto or Will-vcith the 
 'Cois/i, settled on the point of the electrical conductor 
 of La Boussole j and on the mast-head of L'Astro- 
 LABE, which was without any electrical conductor, 
 but at no great distance from Its companion. As 
 they proceeded, the weather continued from this 
 time stormy, and they were surrounded by a thick 
 fog, till they reached the Isle of St Catherine's, 
 contiguous to the eastern coast of the continent of 
 South America. On the 6th of November, they 
 anchored between St Catherine's and the mainland, 
 in water which was seven fathoms deep, with a 
 bottom of muddy sand. 
 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 13 
 
 lorlzon: and 
 Will-vcith th,'- 
 :al conductor 
 of L' Astro- 
 il conductor, 
 Janion. As 
 jd from thli, 
 I hy a thick 
 
 rATHI'RINE's, 
 
 continent of 
 :mber, they 
 e mainland, 
 
 ^APTEK 
 
 ill 
 
 CHAPTER SECOND. 
 
 • ■ ' f . 
 
 
 VOYACE, OBSERVATIONS, AND TRANSACTIONS, FROM THE 
 SIXTH DAY OF NOVI.MBER I"85, TO THE EIcnTH or APRIL 
 1786; INCLUDING TIIK COURSE IROM ST CATtl ER INe's TO 
 
 j;a.ster-isi-and; with descriptions of st cathirine's; 
 the settlement of conception on the coast of 
 
 CHILI, &^-'. 
 
 The isle of St CATncRiNE''s is, in breadth from east 
 to west, only two leagues j but extends in length, 
 from 27" 19' Ji"to ?7° 41/ S. latitude. It is se- 
 parated from the adjacent mainland by a channel 
 which, at its narrowest part, exceeds not the width 
 of 2C0 toises. On the point of the isle which here 
 juts out into the channel, is situated the city of 
 Nottra Sennra (id Dcs,'t'fo. which contains about 4C0 
 houses lodging not more than 3000 souls, and is 
 the capital of the isle, in which its governor resides. 
 I'he interior surface of this isle is overspread with 
 forests of lofty evtrgreens. with an impervious thick- 
 ness of briars and other creeping plants, among their 
 trL.nk> below. Snakes, of which the bite is mortal, 
 lu'k in the thickets. Fruits, vegetables, corn, are 
 pri'duced in inexhaustible j)Ienty, and almost spon- 
 taii ously, by the natural fertility of the soil. The 
 h.ioitations are all contiguous to the sea-shore A- 
 rouiid them are pl'.mted oran_»i,e -trees, with other 
 odoriferous plants and ihiubs of the most delight- 
 
 B 
 
14 
 
 LA l>rvRO use's vovare 
 
 m 
 
 fill fraitrrancc. The surrounding seas abound with 
 whales, the subjects of a lucrative fishery. In the 
 approach of ships to the isle, a muddy bottom, with 
 70 fathoms depth of wather, is found at 18 leagues 
 distance. From this, the water becomes gradually 
 shallower to the depth of four fathoms, at the distance 
 of four cables length from the land. The common 
 passa5:f for vessels, is, between the Nor<^h point of 
 St Cnthrrine's and the islrt of Ahnreff). The best 
 archora;^e is at iialf a !eaj;ue from fnrt-hle^ in six 
 fut'.^oins of water, with a muddy bottom, adjacent to 
 several convenient wnterii^j^ places on St Catherine's 
 and on the conllnent. The sea is very heavy, and 
 breaks always on tlie leeshorc. The tiles are very 
 jrrecjular, cntf-r at both ends of the channel, and rise 
 only three feet. 
 
 The Isle of St Tatherine's was first occupied by 
 fujfitii-'cs from the Uraxils. About the year 1740, 
 the covrt of Lisbon established, here, a regular go- 
 Vf.viment, comprehen-Jinf^, together with this isle, 
 som • part of the a(1jacent continent. OF tl;-'! go- 
 vernment, the extent from North to South, fioii the 
 liv.r San Frrncisco to Rio Grande, is 6o leagues. 
 I'S population is estimated, perhaps under the tru'h, 
 Ht about 2o,oco souls. l]ut, the people are indo- 
 le! t and poor. Nature is so bountiful, that they 
 know not those wants which are recjuislte to excite 
 Tnan to industry. I he whale-fishe«) is the jjri^pcrty 
 of the Crown, and is farmed by a company at Lis- 
 bon. About 400 whales are, every year, killed 
 here. But, fio.u these, little gain is derived to the. 
 people of bt Catherines. Ihe produce of the fish- 
 
 t< 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 15 
 
 ounci ivitli 
 y. In the 
 ttom, with 
 18 leasTues 
 1 gradually 
 le distance 
 e common 
 I point of 
 The best 
 1/?, in six 
 djacent to 
 'atheriiie's 
 eavy, and 
 s are very 
 1, and rise 
 
 ;upied by 
 
 far 1740, 
 
 :gu]ar go- 
 
 this islc^ 
 
 \h'-i go. 
 
 , fi'/it the 
 
 Icd'gues. 
 
 )'C truth, 
 
 ue indo- 
 
 lat they 
 
 to excite 
 
 I'l-i^pcrty 
 
 / at Lis- 
 
 r, killed 
 
 "t! tn the. 
 
 the fibh- 
 
 i 
 
 eiy, oil, whal' bone, and spermaceti, is sent annually 
 to. Lisbon, by the way of Rio Janeiro. 
 
 At the approach of the French frigates, several 
 alarm guns were fi'<;d from the different forts. M. 
 tie Pierrevcrt, third lieutenant^ or Enscigne ile vaisieau, 
 licin^f imm''diately sent a«.hore, found the garrison of 
 the citadel, 4© men u-ith a captain commanding them, 
 all under arniB. Aw express was instantly sent to 
 the governor Don Francisco di Baros, In the town j 
 who readily gave orders to furnish the voyagers 
 with whatever they wanted, at the lowest prices ; 
 and appointed an officer to attend on each frigate, 
 and assist there in their purchases. On the 9lh of 
 November, Messrs de la Peyrouse and dc Langle 
 went both on shore, with several of their officers. 
 They were received by the commander of the fort, 
 with the discharge of fifteen guns j which was re- 
 turned by an equal number from the frigate La 
 Boussole. A boat, under the command of Lieu- 
 tenant Boutin, with a number of other gentlemen on 
 board, was, on the following day, sent to thank the 
 governor, at the town, in M. de la Peyrouse's name, 
 for his attentions, which had been already found 
 very beneficial. He received them with great po- 
 liteness, entertained them at dinner, and favoured 
 them with some interesting information concerning 
 these parts. On the i Jjth Don Antonio de Gama, 
 miioi-general of the colony, visited the voyagers on 
 
 bo:ud their shi 
 
 ps. 
 
 and was 
 
 the b( 
 
 eartr of a very o- 
 
 bliging letter from his commander to M. dc la Pey- 
 rouse. The stay of the voyagers in the road of St 
 Catherine's, was protracted longer than they had 
 
 B 2 
 
i5 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE 
 
 M '■ 
 
 expected, because the southerly winds and the cur- 
 lents were so strong, as frequently to interrupt their 
 intercourse with the land. Provisions were, for- 
 tunately, plentiful and cheap. A large ox might 
 be bought for eight dollars *, a hog of i jO pounds 
 weight, for four dollars •, two turkies, for one j 500 
 oranges, for half a dollar. To procure abundance 
 of fishes, It was necessary only to cast and haul the 
 net. So benignantly hospitable were the people of 
 the isle ; that, when one of the ship's boats, bring- 
 ing wood, happened to be overset, they not only 
 risked their lives to save the sailors, but, at night, 
 resigned to them their onn beds, and themselves 
 lay upon mats on the floor. The masts, grapnel, 
 and colours of the boats, though not found till some 
 days after, were not appropriated by the finders, but 
 brought carefully on board, and restored. The of- 
 ficers who went out to shoot on the isle, killed seve- 
 lal birds of beautifully variegated plumage j among 
 the rest a rollier of a fine blue colour, and not de- 
 scribed by Buffon The clouded sky, and the uncer- 
 tainty of their stay, hinderf'd them from making any 
 considetable astronomical observations. But, they 
 fornd the longitude of the most northern point of 
 the i;dc. to be \(f .;y' W. Here, too, they were 
 careful to provide themselves with orange and lemon 
 trees, v^ ith the seeds of oranges, of lemons, of the 
 cotton shrub, Indian corn, and the other vegetables 
 which the inhabitants of the islands of the South 
 t3ea, were understood to be most in want of. In 
 the road of St Catherine s, our voyagers could not 
 but make themselves very happy. At their arrival 
 
 jn 
 
 of 
 
 th( 
 
 pa 
 
 ce; 
 
 on 
 
 an 
 
 mi 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 «7 
 
 nd the cur- 
 
 errupt their 
 
 were, for- 
 
 B ox might 
 
 [jO pounds 
 
 r one 5 50a 
 
 abundance 
 
 id haul the 
 
 : people of 
 
 lats, bring- 
 
 ^f not only 
 
 , at night, 
 
 themselves 
 
 ;, grapnel, 
 
 d till some 
 
 inders, but 
 
 The of- 
 
 illcd seve- 
 
 e J among 
 
 d not de- 
 
 :he uncer- 
 
 aking any 
 
 But, they 
 
 n point of 
 
 hey were 
 
 md Jemon 
 
 IS, of the 
 
 egetables 
 
 le South 
 
 t of. In 
 
 ould not 
 
 ir arrival 
 
 ^ 
 
 Kn it, they found, that after 96 days sail, not a man 
 of them xvas sick. Their provisions were good ; 
 the utmost care was used to keep the air fresh in all 
 parts of the ship 5 for the sake of the exercise ne- 
 cessary to health, the crew had been called to dance 
 on almost every evening, brtwixt the hours of eight 
 and ten : And, as they had hitherto experienced no 
 misfortunes, their spirits were still lively. Before 
 their departure, M. de la Peyrouse, the commander 
 of the expedition, thought it prudent to give to M, 
 dc Langle, captain of L'Astrolabe, a new and much 
 niore extensive set of signals than they had hitherto 
 used J and they agreed, that if separated, they should 
 next rendezvous in the harbour cf Good Success ia 
 Lemaire's Streights \ for, they were now to enter 
 tempestuous seas, under a fuggy atmosphere, where 
 new piccaations were requisite. Before their de- 
 parture, tliey committed to the care of the governor, 
 who undertook to forward them, their packets of' 
 letters for France, addressed to the care of M. de 
 St Marc, the French consul-general at Lisbon. By 
 break of day, on the 19th of November, they had 
 weighed their anchors, and were under sail. In the 
 evening of the same day, they had left St Cathe- 
 nne^, and all its surrounding^ islets, behind them. 
 
 Till the 28th of November, they enjoyed very 
 <^ine weather. On that day, a violent gale of wind 
 from the Fast, assailed them. It was in W. lonj^. 
 43" 40' S. lat. 35° '4'. M. de la Peyrouse wished 
 to visit the Isle Grande of the maps. On the 7tli 
 of December, the frigates had entered that parallel of 
 latitude within which this ible had been said to lie, 
 
 B X 
 
x8 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 ■?'l 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 \ :'* 
 
 Sea weeds were setn to float by the ships •, and they 
 were, for several days, surrounded by birds of the 
 j^/hntross and Prtnl species. The seas rolled moun- 
 tain hi;di around. 15ut their ships, thou^rlmot swift 
 sailers, were well adapted to endure the billows and 
 the blasts. Till the 24ch of December, they kept 
 standing upon dilTerent tacks, between the 44*' and 
 tile 4;," of latitude, and in that parallel, ran down 
 the 15*^ of longitude. But, on the 27th they aban- 
 doned the searcii \ helievintjf that the pretended Lsio 
 Granch' had no cvistence \ and that the inilicaiions 
 of the sea-weeds and the fowls were falhicious. Yet, 
 there are probabilities which make this Isle GntnJc 
 not un^vorlhy of a .search by some future na\i;^ator. 
 Tiie necessity of hnstenin<; on, to double the dreaded 
 Ciipe Horn in the least unf.ivoiirable season of the 
 vcar, perhaps hurried IVI. de la Pcyrous.; to rclin- 
 r]msh this enquiry piematurely. On the 2sth, the 
 >vind bcttleil at Sontli West. Continuing, fur scvc- 
 ral days, to blow in this direction, It ubligtd tiie 
 fri^atts ti) sletv W. N. VV. These ^uUs censed 
 with the ni'>Mth of December j and faiiuaiy proved 
 nearly such as July is, on the coasts of Kuropc. The 
 only winds they experienced for a while, were now 
 in u dirtctiou from Noilh-VVest to South-Wcsi j 
 aiid the chi'n^;rs of tiicsr winds were constantly in< 
 dicaled by previous chan^.'s in the aspect of tho 
 »ky. l''o^^8 and clouds indicated an approaciilu;; 
 Veering of the v.iud fiom Soulii-West to Wt^t \ but, 
 wllhin two hours, this was always succccdid by a va- 
 liation to t.lic Noith-Wcst. V.'heii 1. 10 fo_os cleared 
 up, the AinUs retur.icd \,o iLo \N C5t uud the boutli- 
 
 \ 
 
 |: 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 '9 
 
 ps ; and they 
 birds of the 
 rolled moun- 
 \io]\ not swift 
 J billows and 
 r, they kept 
 the 4^1** and 
 I, ran down 
 h they jiban- 
 retendcd L/r 
 indications 
 clous. Yet, 
 /r/t" Grundt: 
 e na\i;^ator. 
 tlie dreaded 
 ason of the 
 u»^ to relin- 
 e 2sth, the 
 1^, fur scvc- 
 ubli^td the 
 'ales ccnscil 
 uaiy proved 
 .iropc. 'i'lif; 
 , were now 
 outh-Wcsl i 
 iisfantly in* 
 )cct of tha 
 tppiDacIiiti^r 
 VV^t^t 'y but, 
 iid by n Vii- 
 ();;s vicarcd 
 :l.c South- 
 
 West. In 66 days, the wind did not blow from the 
 X^astward, for more than iS hoars. Calm weather, 
 for several days, ensued : The seas were smooth ; 
 And tlie olHcers sailinEf out in the boats, i,hot num« 
 bins of the great and small albatrosses, and of petrels 
 of difi'ercnt varieties, whicli Hew around them, which 
 alVordcd some very iicce[)table meals of fresh meat ta 
 tlie sailors. 
 
 On tljc 14th of January i7HA,they struck ground 
 
 on the coast of Patagonfa, in 47" (»o' S. Latitude, 
 
 and in 64" y,' \V . Longitude. On the 21st of the 
 
 same month, they came within Mght of Capk Faki 
 
 ^Wkathhr, the north point of tlie river of C/n/A'^oSf 
 
 ^ on V t Patagoniin coast. They were, at this time, 
 
 i.t thrf'e lt:iguts distance from the land, in water 41 
 
 . fathoms deep, and over a bottom of argillaceous gra- 
 
 , vel. On the 2-d, at noon, they were oiV the Cap!!; 
 
 , CK Tin; Virgins, bearing four leagues VV. The land 
 
 is low, and almost disiitute of verdure. An exact 
 
 view of it had been given by the Editor of ^/nson\t 
 
 loytn^T ; and its po ilion is accurately fixed in the 
 
 Chart of Ctici's Sccjh// Vuym^^i'. IJithtrto, the lead 
 
 % had always brought up mud or a mixture of small 
 
 I ptbbks y itii mud. But, when thsy came opposite td 
 
 ii 'J'jSRRA jU'L FuEco, they found a rocky bottom, and 
 
 fl c/nly from ^4 t ) 30 fathoms of water, even at threo 
 
 leagues of distance from the land. On the 25th, at 
 
 2 o'clock, tluy wire a league southward from San 
 
 D'loo, the vvcblcrn poii.t of Lk AIaire';; brRiiourx. 
 
 A*: 3 oVlotk, th:'y entered tiic .itrel/hls ; havln;( 
 
 dujblcd point ban Dleijo, at three cpiartcrs of « 
 
 Iti'^uc of dittar.'.c from it. At the point arc luraJIfm 
 
LA PKY BO USE'S VOYAGE 
 
 /rr, extending perhaps rot more than a mile j others, 
 ■which are seen in the offing beyond, obliged the 
 voyagers to steer to th" south- east, to avoid them. 
 But it was afterwards observed, that these breakers 
 were occasioned by currents, and that the reefs of 
 San Die go were a grcit way off. It blew fresh 
 from the north *, snd our voyager^ approached with- 
 in half a league of the land of Ticira del Fuego. 
 
 But, as the wind was fair, and the season far ad- 
 vanced, M. do la Peyrouse abandoned his intention 
 of entering the harbuur of Good bucc^:** •, and he-Id 
 onwards, without loss of time, to double Cafe Ho^n. 
 ']'he Island of Juan Fcrnandez was the place at 
 which he now put posed to make the tirst halt f^'r 
 the sr>ke of refreshments. 
 
 As they proceeded through the 3trtig:^' • 
 
 saw themselves invited to land, by frcjuent lircii 
 Kindled by the savages, who pcrctived thtm from 
 llie shore. '1 hey wcic surroiiudtd by whales which 
 •warn about t'le frlgcttrs, without alari-^. Na pi.ice 
 in the world t a afiord a more successful vvl^ak- 
 lishcry than might be carried on htrc. Thrir en- 
 trance into th" J^treiijhts was at ^ o'clock in the af- 
 ternoon, iiil fjve, they were diiUfd lapidly south- 
 ward, before tlic tide. At five, the tide turned j 
 but a strong breeze from liie nort!) carried them 
 still on, in the same direction. 5a misty was the 
 horizon, in its eastern (juurtur, that they did not per- 
 ceive Statln Land, the ea!.t»!rn boundary of the 
 Slret'.'hts, although they were withm .css than 5 
 leagues of it. I hey d )ul?led Cape Horn mucli 
 more easily than they had cx^ifclcd. Their lucces? 
 
 
 may 
 the 
 narr: 
 seanf-i 
 C) 
 oppo 
 
HOUND THE WORLD. 
 
 2f 
 
 
 may cuntrlbute to lessen those terrors in recrard to 
 the navigation round this promontory, which the 
 narnitive of ^'in\otCs Voyage has long excited amoKg 
 seamen. 
 
 On the 9th of February, they found thcmstlvcs 
 Ol^po^ite to the western tntrxnce of ihc JSTRticfirs 
 OF Magf.lhal'ns, in their course for t'.ic islaiu! -if 
 Juan Fernandez, In the South br.A. Fiut ;in ex.unl- 
 natlon of the state of their stores of water and b's- 
 cuit, here induced them to relinquish their desijn of 
 vIsitiniT that islo, and to a^cr tiicii* course f^r the 
 Spanish settlement of Conception, on the const of 
 Chili On the morning of the ..6th, they arrived 
 within slight of tht isle of M(X!Ia. abort 50 leagues 
 south from Conception. Afruid of being drifted 
 north^vard by currents, they here turned in towards 
 the land. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 
 8imc day, they duubUH \\it point of the island of 
 Qui'^iMRiNA. As the southerly winds were , now, by 
 the change in thtir course, ndvcise \ they were, 
 from this point, obligf:d to stand ufi'in tail\ and to 
 lufi the lead constantly go'in^. They in vain looked 
 tlirough their glassvs, to dscovcr the city of Con* 
 ception, at the bottom of the bay. But pilots came 
 on board at 5 o'clock in tht • cniiig, by uhom hey 
 ucrc informed i that the old city had been 1 lid in 
 ruins by un earthquake in the year 1751 } and that 
 a new town had been built on the banks of the ri- 
 ver lh':)h:o^ nbout three leaguti inland. From the 
 »i> ■! ■ pilots ,they received, also, the ngrccable news, 
 that, in con-tctjuence of letters from the Spanish Mi- 
 ni»;cr, they were already expected at Conception. 
 At Kj o'clock in the evening, they anchored in y fa- 
 
£2 
 
 LA PEYR.OUSE's voyage 
 
 
 ..4 If 
 
 •iiiit 
 
 thorns depth of water, and not far from the bottom 
 of thf bay. At 7 next morning, they weiG^hed an- 
 chor ; and, with their biats loivi'ig them a-hcad^ eu- 
 tevcd the creek of Talcaguana w ere, at 1 1 o'clock 
 A. ]\I. on the 24tli of February 17S6, they cist an- 
 clior in *' fuhoms depth of water, over a bottom ot 
 black mud. 
 
 The bay of Conception is an eminently comma- 
 Jious harbour. Its water is smooih, arid almost 
 ■without a current. The tide, how«vev, rises 6 feet 
 ^ inches ; and the tlcjod is at its height at 4^ minutes 
 aftc^r I o'clock A.. M. under the full and under the 
 chanpinq moon. It is sheltered from all bit tiie 
 north winds : And these, here, blow only in the rai- 
 ny season from the end of May to the bej^inning of 
 October. On the soatli-cast shore, off th^ village 
 of Talcanuana, the only settlement now in'the bay, 
 there is anchorage under shelter from the northeast 
 winds of the winter. The ruins of the old town of 
 Conception are still to be seen at the mouth of the 
 liver of St Peter, eastward from Talcaguana, In 
 the year 1763, the site for the new town was mark- 
 fit out, on the banks of the Biobio, at the distance 
 of three lca;;uc» inland from the ruins of the old. It 
 contains about 10,000 inhalv'^nts •, is the seat of the 
 Hishop and of the Major general, commander of all 
 the force's of the colony \ and possesses the cpiscopnl 
 cathedral, and all the vcllj'iouf houses. '1 he bi- 
 Rhoprick is conterminous, on one hand, with that of 
 San jago, the capital of the government of C'.iiii ; 
 is skiitt'd to the eastward bv the Cordilleni". ; Hnd 
 cxtenJs southward to the Sircights of M igelhatuv. 
 
 But, 
 trict 
 the 
 
 % Spar 
 
 :. P 
 
I 
 
 'KOUND THE WORLD. 
 
 23 
 
 e bottom 
 iG^'ied an- 
 ■hcad^ eu- 
 1 o'clock 
 y cast an- 
 Dottom 01 
 
 ' comma- 
 
 d almost 
 
 SC8 6 feet 
 
 \ minutts 
 
 jnder the 
 
 1 bat tiie 
 
 n the rai* 
 
 [inning of 
 
 1^ village 
 
 'the bay, 
 
 orth east 
 
 I town of 
 
 h of the 
 
 ana, In 
 
 AS mark- 
 
 ilintance 
 
 old. It 
 
 .It of the 
 
 cr of all 
 
 plscopal 
 
 '1 hf hi. 
 
 1 that of 
 
 f Chili ; 
 
 s ; Rnd 
 
 elhaeiiK. 
 
 But, except tic island of Chil e, and a smnll dis- 
 trict round iialillvia, the whole country south from 
 the Piiobio, is inhabited hy Indians who own not the 
 i^ioanish dominion, and who are almost always at war 
 Avith the Spaniards. 'I'lic pre«!('nt p,ov(.'rnnu'nt is 
 ^' holly military and ecclesiastical : Jjut a superin- 
 L'.ndant, or civil governor, is about to be added to 
 l^.e establistiment. 
 
 The soil of the surrounding' tenitory is prodigl- 
 ^^'.isly fertile. The plains are covered v/ith an abun- 
 dant luxuriance of berba^^e, and with flocks and 
 herds iimumerable. The increase of 'rrain is 60 
 [old. 1 he vinfVHjds are alike ftrtilc. Great num- 
 bers of oxen are every year killed, for the sake of 
 the tallow and hides alone, which nre preserved and 
 
 ent to Limi. Ihc climate is remarkahly hea'*hy j 
 iina many of the people live to an extreme old a^e. 
 
 The commerce of this country is, however, su! jcct 
 to restrictions, which prove exceedingly inju;i'>us to 
 the (;fneral prosperity of the inliaWitants. Four ov 
 live vessels arrive every year fronv,Lima, with su- 
 i,';ir, tobacco, and a lew ttrticles of Kuropmn mapu- 
 lacturc, the prices of which are enhanced by the 
 most exorbitant duties. Wheat, tall )av, V.Ide , a 
 f(!w planks, and soni'" gold, ar- the only exports 
 nith which payment can bt^ n)adf for thos<' article* 
 of importation. About 200,000 dollars may be tl>c 
 tola' value of the gold annually co-k-cted from the 
 sail. Is of the rivers within the bi'.hopiick of Concep- 
 tioM. The inhabitanlH ;;athcr it by sifiii g and wasii- 
 ing tMs sand •, and to the aiuourjt ^i h'df a d'/i'ar h- 
 day, may thus bv vAincd by tiie iiiuuitry uf « single 
 
24 
 
 LA PETROUSE's voyage 
 
 Is 
 
 
 person. But, the abundance of necessriries for sub- 
 sistence, leaves these people wlihout excitements to 
 industry which might animate them to pursue any 
 branch of it with perseverance an<l success. The 
 houses in the city of Conception exhibit but little 
 sumptuous furniture. All the artisans are foreigners, 
 
 The most precious article of tlie dress of the ladies 
 is a plaited petticoat of a gold or silver stulT of the 
 old-fashioned m inufacmre of Lyons. Monivs and 
 nuns are very numerous in this settlement j and 
 tlieir manners are sutlicicntly proiligate. The com- 
 mon people are thievish ^ and the virtue of the 
 meaner women is vciy easy. The principAl inhabi- 
 tants are distinguished by all the virtues of the true 
 Spanish character. Balls and entertainments arc 
 not unfrcquent among tlit-m. Ihe wumen are wont 
 to cramj) their feet l)y small shoes, like those of 
 Clilna. Ihcy wear their hair, wi.hout powder, 
 banging in small braids, down their b^cks. Beside 
 the pettico.it, they wear, on the body, a boddice or 
 corset of gold or silver stuff. 0>/er this, nre worn 
 a muslin and an woollen cloak ; the mi^slin clwak at 
 all I mes •, the woollen c'oak only \\V*:\ in the stttcts 
 or I'le fKlds. 1 hese females arc, in general, jiritty 
 and uolite. 
 
 The //u/innt of ChW'i have become much more Tir- 
 mlcbblo as cnemit-'s, than when this legion was liist 
 co.qiiercd by the Spaniards. I he hoiscs, oxen, 
 and sliecp, whic h the Spani.irds introduced, li ivc 
 rouMidicd throiigliout 3outh .\incr.ca, to mnu JiSi: 
 nu'v.bcrs liie 'iulli\n'« have become m titers otll» <{.% 
 tnd licids, I hey arc ever on horstb:ick, and iu arms. 
 
 «! 
 
 .ft 
 
ROUND THE WORLiJ. 
 
 iS 
 
 more . ir- 
 was liist 
 
 cd, li ivc 
 
 or ll » i\» 
 iu arms. 
 
 of warlike cavalry, like tlie aticient Tartars of the 
 north of Asia. They cover themselves with the 
 skins of their cattle, feed upon their milk and llesh, 
 and even drink their warm blood. The«e circum- 
 
 s for sub- '^m They journey, with their herds, in continual excur- 
 
 2me;its to S sions through the deseits. They are now a nation 
 
 Lirsue any 
 
 ^s. rhe 
 
 but little 
 
 jreigners, 
 
 the ladies 
 
 uiT of the 
 
 onks and 
 
 'nt J and 
 
 rhe com- 
 
 le of the 
 
 al inhabi- 
 
 f tlie true 
 
 nents arc 
 
 are wont 
 
 those oi 
 
 powder, 
 
 Beside 
 
 oJdice or 
 
 lit' worn 
 
 chnik at 
 
 H" StltctS 
 
 1, pr.Lty 
 
 ^ 
 
 stances, in their altered mode of lite, make it not 
 dilHcult for them to collect armies, even of many 
 thousands of men, to oppose the Spaniards. 
 
 From the Spaniards in the settlement of Concep- 
 tion, our navigators experienced a warmly hospitablft 
 reception. Scarcely had the frigates anchored at 
 Talcaguana, when M. de la Peyrouse received a 
 polite letter of welcome, accompanied with refresh- 
 ments of all sorts in great abundance, from M. 
 Quexada, who, in the absence of Major-general 
 lliggins, commanded at the town of Conception. 
 The first care of tlie French captain, was, to give 
 orders for the refitting of the vessels, and to see that 
 the astronomical clocks and quadrants should be 
 carefully deposited on shore. The day following, 
 IVTcssrs dc la Peyrouse and de Langle, with several 
 of the subordinate olhcers and of the men of science, 
 set out for Corccption, on a visit to 1 
 
 Qiexada, 
 
 and their other kind invitcrs. A detachment of 
 dragoons escorted them on their journey. They 
 alighted at the house of Fvl. Sabatero, commandant 
 of the artillery. They were entertained with an 
 excillcnt dinner. In the evening, there was a ball, 
 at which the principal ladies of the town were pre- 
 sent, and w'lich lasted till midnight. The French 
 genthcmcn slept for the nigln in Hpurtments provid- 
 
l(y 
 
 LA PEY rouse's VOYAGE 
 
 •'W. 
 
 ed for them In the house of INI. Sabatero, and of 
 some others of the principal ii^habltants of the town. 
 On the next day they visited tlic bishop, and others 
 of the ])rinc!pal citizens. l"he bishop they found 
 to be I! man of uncommon merit. Major-general 
 ;Hi;7;oius was absent upon an expedition against the 
 India; s. Upon his return, he came instantly to wait 
 upon the French g»'iitlemen at Talcaguana. I\I de 
 la Pey rouse, sooii after, gave an entertainment, in a 
 tent pitclied by the sea-side, to an i^o of the gentle- 
 men and ladies of Conception. After the dinner, 
 the company were entertained with fire-works and 
 the fligl't of a p.iper-balloon. On the following day, 
 tljc conimandf rs gave, in the snrae tent, a festive en- 
 tcrtfiinmcnt to iho crcAvs of the two frigates. They 
 .-"at, nil, at one table 5 IMcssvs de la Pcyrouse and de 
 Langle at the head J tie rest down to the lowest 
 sailrr. every one according to the rank he held. 
 They ate out of wooden dishes : All was gaiety : 
 And every one felt himself far happier than on the 
 day on \\hich they left the harbour of Hrcst. Ano- 
 ther entertainment given by Cieneral IJiggins, at the 
 city of Conception, carried all the French ger.tlffmen 
 thither, except those oilirers who were detained on 
 actual duty. 'I'hc dinner was sumptuous: All the 
 principal Inliabitants of the city were present : Hc- 
 tween tha duT.-rent co.;r«.cs, a I'tamiscan monk of the 
 company, recited sjmc c\temj)oraty verses in the 
 
 Spanish language, on the h ^pny ntnity then subsisting 
 I'ctwccn the French and the ^ipan'sh nations. A 
 l>all formed thf: nmuscnuMit of the evening, and was 
 ••raced by the presence of A\ \}\c ladies In their be«.i 
 
■r 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 ^7 
 
 , and of 
 ho town. 
 id others 
 ev found 
 r-general 
 linst the 
 y to wait 
 , I\I de 
 lent, in a 
 le (jentle- 
 e dinner, 
 .'orks and 
 ,ving day, 
 sstive en- 
 i. They 
 »e and de 
 le lowest 
 he held, 
 s [rnlety : 
 n on tlie 
 A no- 
 ns, at the 
 cr.tlffrnen 
 aincd on 
 All the 
 nt : He- 
 nk of" the 
 s in the 
 Libslstinji 
 oiis. A 
 and was 
 [\\'Av best 
 
 dresses. Some ollicers in masks, danced a very 
 pretty ballet. In the mean time, the vessels were 
 dilif^ently refitted *, provisions, wood, and water, 
 were, with great alacrity, conveyed on board j and 
 tlie crew, having accomplished these duties before 
 the day on which they knew that they were to s lil, 
 obtained the agreeable permis>ion to divert them- 
 selves for some short time, also, on shore. One of 
 iheir time-keepers waa here found to have lost, oti 
 the mean movement of the sun, only at the rate 3!" 
 a-day, since their departure from Brest j a difference 
 of but half a second from its rate of daily movement 
 jS at Brest,— of a whole second from its movement at 
 I'enerifTe. Nothing but tlie most perfect harmony 
 reigned between the French crews and the people 
 of the colony, during the whole stay of the Frencli 
 in this harbour. 
 
 On the i3lh of March, M. de la Pey rouse made 
 the signal to prepare to sail. Contrary winds, how- 
 ever, detained them, till the 17th. About noon ou 
 the 17th, a light breeze from the S. W. enabled 
 them to leave the harbour. But, they were be- 
 calmed in a strongly swelling sea, before they had 
 advanced more than two leagues from its mouth. 
 During the night, they were surrounded by whales, 
 which, from their spiracles, ejected water on board 
 the ships. But, no whale- lishery has ever been at- 
 tempted in these seas. On the i(^th, a soutlierly 
 wind enabled the frigates to assume the direction to 
 the island of Juan FtRNANorz. They weie, how- 
 ever, disappointed in their alte.iipt to find that isle, 
 •Ml account of the inaccuracy of those authorities to 
 
 C 
 
 2 
 
■T^ 
 
 Tt 
 
 2» 
 
 1 ..■ 
 
 LA I' K V R O U S E S \ O Y A C K 
 
 ^>ljlch llicy trusted, in respect to its position. On 
 the 2j;cl, they were in the S. latitude of yf 28' and 
 nccordin;( io their time-keepers in the W. loiiintudc 
 of Sy si'. C)n the 24tli the wind settled at East : 
 Nor did it vary y* till they came \vithi:i 120 leagues 
 of Easti-r Is/iitid. On the 3d of April, in S. latitude 
 ■X"}^ 3' and in 101*' W. longimdc, the winds bleu- 
 upon them from N. K. to N. \V. On the 8th of 
 April, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, they came with- 
 in sight of Easter Island. The sea ivas then high : 
 The wind blew from the North j and for the four 
 preceding days, the winds had been continually shift- 
 ing by W. from N. to S. In the night, the frigates 
 kept in a parallel direction to the coast of Easter 
 Island, at three leagues distance from it. At day- 
 break, they steered for CooPs Bay^ which is, of all 
 those in the isle, the best sheltered from winds 
 blowing from the East. The isltwders soon saw 
 their approach j and, in canoes, hastened out to 
 meet theiiu 
 
 11 1 r 
 
 C M A P, 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 29 
 
 ion. ih\ 
 if 28' and 
 lonirituclc 
 J ut East : 
 20 leagues 
 S. latitude 
 vJncIs blew 
 the 8th oi" 
 :amc with- 
 hcn high : 
 r the four 
 aally shift- 
 he frigates 
 of Easter 
 At day- 
 1 is, of all 
 om winds 
 s soon saw 
 cd out to 
 
 C 11 A P, 
 
 CH A H TKK THI K 1). 
 
 ^M* 
 
 NAKKATIVE OK TlIK VOYAGi: CONTINUED, FROMTMEIR AR- 
 KI\.\I. AT I.ASri.R ISLAM', ON TIlK yi H (iC APJIIU I786, 
 I II. I. TIILIR OrrAKTURK IK(/M Til t; SAM) Wit II TSI. i:S, ON 
 
 TiiK isT or JUNK. ni'.scRivriiiN oi- eastkk island, 
 
 WITH SOMK I'ARTICUI.AR-S CONCtRNiNO TJIE bANDWiCIl 
 ISLES. 
 
 IN Eastkr Island, Caok''s Bay^ the only har- 
 bour In these latitudes that is siieltered from the K, 
 ami S. E. winds, is yituate in 27" 11' S. Latitude, 
 in III" 5^' 30" W. Longitudf, Alter (luub/ing the 
 two rocks at tiie southern point of the isle, and coasu 
 ifi^ =dong at the distance ot a mile froni the siiore, 
 a ship conies within si^^ht ot a small, sandy creek. 
 When this creek bears \.o it in the direction of E- 
 by S. — the two rocks being ut the same time hidden 
 under the pjlnt j anchora|.;c will uijen be found in 
 20 fatlioins water, with a sandy bottom, at a quarter 
 of a league's di^^'.unce fiom the shore. Early In the 
 morning of th(. ^tii of April, the French voyagers 
 landed, with somewhat of niilitaiy parade, intended 
 to strike with awe the niinvls of the Islanders, wl 
 
 lU 
 
 c row 
 
 ded 
 
 roun 
 
 d tl 
 
 lem. 
 
 The coast of the isle, here, rises to the lielgiit of 
 about 20 feet above the level of the t.ea. i'rom thu 
 sea-beach, the surface ascends with a gentle acclivi- 
 ty, for about 700 or 8oD tolscs, to the basis of the 
 interior hills. Thit; sloping plain is covered with 
 
 U3 
 
30 
 
 LA PETROiySE'S VOYAGE 
 
 ill III 
 1'>'<RlMif!l 
 
 herbage fit for the pasture of cattle j and over tht 
 grass, smooth, round stones, of a considerable size, 
 are carelessly scattered. The isle is bare of wood, 
 and without springs or streams of water. The in- 
 terior hills appear to have been once the orifices of 
 volcanoes long since extinguished. Scarcely a tenth 
 part of the island is under cultivation. The coast 
 is not known to abound with fi«hes. Very few fowls 
 are to be found on the isle. The hills are covered 
 with volcanic stones. The soil is a very fertile 
 mould, composed of the remains of vegetables. At 
 ihe S. end of the island is seen the crater of an ex- 
 tinguished volcano, in the form of a truncated cone, 
 and of extraordinary extent, depth, and regularity 
 Its depth is, at least, 800 feet : Its lower base form.^- 
 a, perfect circle ; Its bottom is marshy, and contains 
 large pools of fresh water ; Around the marsh aie 
 some plantations of banana and mulberry trees. I'hc 
 cone is not only truncated, but inv d 3 its upper 
 being wider than its und^.'r circumfc..we. A great 
 breach appears to have been produced — of one third 
 in the height of the whole cone, and to one tenth 
 part of the breadth of its upper circ' mference. The 
 earth, and stony fragments from th * breach, have 
 fallen down towards the sea : And y vass has .sprung 
 up, over the whole cone. At the bottom of the 
 crater, in the marsh, were seen some terns. Tlic 
 uncultivated part of the island is covered, up to the 
 tops of the hills, with a coarse grass. A few bushes 
 of the mimosa, the largest branches «.f which were 
 not more than 3 inches in diameter, were the only 
 wild, ligneous plants to be seen, 
 
 
 S€ 
 
 / ■ 
 
 on 
 
 
 di 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 dl; 
 
 
 ce 
 
 
 inj 
 
 
 th 
 
 
 ^vl 
 
 
 so 
 
 
 th 
 
 m 
 
 mi 
 
 «! 
 
 thi 
 
 :;■ 
 
 be 
 
 • .;^i^ 
 
 m; 
 
 . \'k 
 
 Is] 
 
 
 an 
 
 
 in^ 
 
 
 wa 
 
 
 do 
 
 
 foi 
 
 
 ne 
 
 
 du 
 
 
 ob 
 
 
 ve 
 
 
 pr 
 
 
 un 
 
 ai 
 
 ni< 
 
 
 In) 
 
 
 inl 
 
 
 CO 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 3» 
 
 id over tht; 
 erable size, 
 e of wood, 
 The in- 
 e orifices of 
 ;ely a tenth 
 1 he coast 
 y few fowls 
 ire covered 
 ery fertile 
 ables. At 
 r of an ex- 
 :atcd cone, 
 regularity, 
 base form^• 
 id contains 
 marsh aie 
 rees. J'hc 
 its upper 
 A. great 
 i^one third 
 one tenth 
 nee. The 
 ach, have 
 )as .sprung 
 >m of the 
 his. riic 
 up to the 
 :w bushes 
 hich were 
 the only 
 
 ;d to live di« 
 
 small 
 
 ''M 
 
 '■-% 
 
 ■f 
 
 The people appeared to live dispersec 
 separate communities j each community occupying 
 one common habitation j perhaps cultivating their 
 division of the ground, and enjoying its fruits Ih 
 common j not very attentive, it may be, to the 
 distinctions of chastity, the purity of virgin inno- 
 cence, or the sanctity of the marriage-bed j obey- 
 ing each, one chief j and depositing the bodies of 
 their dead in one common burying- place. The 
 whole population of the Isle may be about 2000 
 souls. The m€n have resorted to the sea-shore, on 
 the approach of ships from Europe, in numbers so 
 much greater than those of the women by whom 
 they were accompanitd, that some navigators have 
 been led to imagine the proportion between the 
 males and females to be very unequal in Eastei 
 Island. But, visits to the interior parts of the islcj 
 and to the houses, have afforded reason for think* 
 ing, that the inequality cannot be, at all, such as ik 
 was once suspected to be. They' have few or no 
 domestic animals. But they cultivate vegetables 
 for thtir means of subsistence, with sufllcient neat* 
 ness and skill, although with no very laborious in- 
 dustry. Their fields under cultivation, are regular 
 oblong figures. Yams, potatoes, bananas, are the 
 vegetables which they commonly cultivate. It is 
 
 probable that they dig holes with wooden stake:^ 
 and in these drop their seed-plants. 'I'hey have no 
 means of cooking their vegetable's with fire, for cat* 
 
 ing, otherwise than 
 
 by h 
 
 eaiini 
 
 hoh 
 
 e in the « utli j 
 
 into which they then put their yams or potatoes } 
 cgveriijg them with hot earth or stones, and.kcep# 
 
8* 
 
 LA PEYRO use's VOYAGE 
 
 '4 
 
 ingtlicm in t'lls state, till they arc suHlclently roast- 
 ed, to be fit for being eiiten. One of their houses, 
 measured by M. de la Peyrouse, was found to 
 be In the form of a canoe reversed: 310 ft- et in 
 lenglh ; 10 feet broad j and, at the middle, 10 
 feet in heij];ht. buch a house as this, may possi- 
 bly form, with the addition of one or two smaller 
 ones, even a whole village. Pillars of lava, cut out 
 in a manner sutlicicr.tly ingenious and artificial, 18 
 inches in thickness, and of a due height, form the 
 sides of these hou es, and support the roof. Be- 
 tween these pilars (<f stone, arc reeds, arranged with 
 such skill, as to form a sulhcient dcfencv; again<>t 
 rains. Holts bored in the pillars receive the ends 
 of wooden poles, with which an arched roof is form. 
 edi Ove'' these poles is another thatching of 
 Teeds. b mie of their houats are sul)tcrrancan, and 
 of the same t'orm. They make cloth of the bark 
 of the mulberry. tree. Jiut the drought seems 
 to liavt giratly iniurcd thrir planttitlons of these 
 trees, buch a--' stll remuln, ,Tre surrounded with 
 fences, and do not rise Above 3 feet in heiglit. 'J'hey 
 know not kO firm wells and reservoirs, lo supply 
 the natural se.ucity of fresh. water undtr which they 
 juflcr. Lut ihey have been even seen to drink the 
 sen-water like the albawrosses, in a manner which 
 seems to say, that necessity and Iribit can accustom 
 mnn to every tlilnv. T! cir canoes arc fou.fcd of 
 very narrow pUiiks, wliich arc only four or five feet 
 in lenglh. For want of wood, they art, at pre- 
 sent, not numerous, and must probably become still 
 fewer. But they swim wi;h wonJcrful tticrgth 
 
 W 
 
«>(i 
 
3 I 
 
 4 
 
 
ROt'ND THE WORLD. 
 
 3^ 
 
 ,5* 
 
 i 
 
 '.nd (.lexteiity, even in tlie most tempestuous slate 
 of the sens. 'I'licy nill thus ^o, even to th(^ 
 klistanre of two Icatrucs from the shore, and will, In 
 frolic, chuse those very places where the suif is seen 
 tu Srcak witii tiit; j^rcatest fury. Beside their po- 
 tatoes, yam<, and banatMs, ilicy have like\viM'j sui^ar- 
 caueSj and a small grape-like fruit that grows upon 
 the rocks on th.e sea shore. 'I'hey cultivate al o 
 the garden iiijdit-shadc, for some culinary purp(;5c, 
 110 doubt. '1 he island exhibits some remains of liu« 
 man works, which seem to bespeak, it to have been 
 oiice inhabited l)y a numerous population, a-vi those 
 more caj)able of magnliicent designs tha the pre- 
 bcnt race. 'lerraces arc here and then* raised in a 
 manner sufliciently artificial. On ihcsc terraces 
 stand some gigantic busts of human figurr.s, the mo- 
 numents of ancestors, or the statu'-s of fancied godi, 
 '(he largest of these rude busts, being measured 
 by the l'>cn«h n ivigators, was found to be 14 feet 
 (t inches in height, 7 feet 6 luchcs in breadth across 
 the shoulders, 3 feet in thickness round the belly, 
 6 feet br^ad and 5 feet thi;-k, at the base. There is 
 room to conjecture, that, in mo-e ancient times, this 
 isle %vas covered with wood j vo.u, in conse<jucnce of 
 the attraction which its woods exerted upon the 
 moisture of the atmosphere, was furniblfd with 
 springs and streams of water. in ih se times, its 
 population might be more numerous than at present j 
 the system of subordination might be difFercnt ; id 
 the easy condition of life, and the abundance of po- 
 pulation, might cn( ourage tu works of art which, in 
 the present impuvcribhcd state of the isle, are nu 
 
34 
 
 LA PEY ROUSE'S VOYAGE 
 
 ri-? 
 
 
 i rPl 
 
 h''t.vi 
 
 it :N 
 
 lono:cr possible. " Or, if we may be permitted to 
 *' make ;ui excursion into the rei^ions of conjecture; 
 •' do not the rnde, colossal statues, and the subtct- 
 *' rant'Ous habitations of Easter Island, so similar, in 
 ** all respfcts, to the caverns and the colossal statlies 
 *' of Elephant a ^ of Botn'uiy. and of other places in 
 *' Ilitufofiari, btspcak at least this \%\t io have re: mv- 
 " ed its first inhabitants, iti xv/joUVlt mo^f of col ni 
 ** xatiofi^ from tl.c regions of the Kast, in that remote 
 *' oc'rt in which the uncorrupted, unsubdued Hindoo 
 ** ca^ts were, ns yet, masters of the oriental world ? 
 ** Cnn that in^^inui'y and dextevi'y in the arts, 
 ** which the mlabitants of Easter Island, ax!:' 11 
 ** the disadv m'a^'fs of their sitiiatioii, display, have 
 ** oji^Miratcd in this narrow isle ^ or is It not more 
 ** probable, that some of the innumerable accidents 
 ** of navigation must have, at a time as ancient as 
 ** the expidit'on of the Grecian Alexander into In- 
 " dia, conducted into these seas some voluntary 
 ♦* fugitives, or accidental outcasts from thccxtrcm'- 
 " eastern limits of the Asiatic continent ? Does not 
 •* every thia^ ' cur to ^hew, that the isles inter- 
 *• j'lcent hrtween Asia and America must have re- 
 ** ceivcd their first inhabitants from the East ? Is 
 ** it not likely, that, w'attvcr the Mcwvant^ the 
 " Peruvians, and the other inhabitants of South A- 
 •* mericji, who were found there by the Spaniards, 
 ** nuist h.tve been of Asiatic origin ? is it not natu- 
 rnl, tliat, in circumstanrcs extremely unfortunat.:, 
 the first occupiers of such a spot as Euster island )| 
 " biioulU be uuublti to tiansier thither the hiU of 
 
 It 
 
 ff 
 
 i' th 
 
 f ^^^ 
 
 f at 
 
 -•« th 
 
 *' tie 
 
 >' He 
 
 .1' cli 
 
 »' m 
 
'^^ 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 3S 
 
 ermltted to 
 conjecture; 
 the subtcr. 
 similar, in 
 issal stahics 
 it places ill 
 Mve re: "iv. 
 (^f of col ni' 
 that remote 
 ied Hindoo 
 ital world ^ 
 
 the arts, 
 i, auiJ .11 
 splay, have 
 
 not more 
 
 e accidents 
 
 ancient as 
 
 er into in- 
 
 voluntary 
 ic cxtrcm'' 
 
 Does not 
 isles inter- 
 
 iiiive re- 
 cast ? Is 
 
 cant^ the 
 South A- 
 bpaniards, 
 
 not natu- 
 fortunat.:, 
 ter Jiland 
 he arts of 
 
 I* their native country, in all that perfection in winch 
 
 it thev were there practised . The Enj^lish colony 
 
 I* at Botany Bay, the Spanish inhabitants of Chili, 
 
 •f' the Russians in Kamtschatka, the eternal neccssi- 
 
 *' ties of the nature and circumstances of man, suf- 
 
 V ficiently demonstrate the possibility of sue 1 a de- 
 
 • i' cline and drpradation of tiie arts in their trans- 
 
 y* mission from one country to another. 'I'o the 
 
 f" existence of men in a savage state, it is not neces- 
 
 *' sarv that the fiist parent; of the race should have 
 
 *' been savages. The accider.ts under which succes- 
 
 *' ^ive generaiioi^s m»t have been diffused over the 
 
 •' e irth, were sullicient to produce any given Imper- 
 
 f" fecti^Mi of knowledge and art, even by no indirect 
 
 ** dcrivr.ion from any given excellence of them.'" 
 
 ;'rhe-e colossal statues can h ive been intended ouly 
 
 ,Jns the imaq-cs of fancied divijiiiies, or as m Jtuimcn- 
 
 ^t.d st itues of the dead. Jn the imooveris led con- 
 
 itl;''fn and '.he declining intelligence of the nresent 
 
 ^idi.ih't.mts of I'l.i'.tt'r isl.jiid. they are content with 
 
 She erection of small pyramidal hea;)s of stone over 
 he graves of the dece.ised. These pyraiidds are 
 nliite-washtd at the upper ixtremitv, and ';ippea»" to 
 
 [serve fir the same uses as the ancient terraces and 
 
 [colossal images. Such petty monuments require not 
 to llieir erection, n»orc than 0110 hour's work l)y a 
 a sinde man. Wiilif the French voya-'' rs walked 
 
 pith some of the natives amon'j; their tombs, one of 
 the latter, stretching himself at length upon the 
 
 h^round. nnl, in tius pasture, r.d^ini; his hands to- 
 wards tlie sky, thus endeavoured to indicate, v% the 
 
 w 
 
 leuclHUcn utlcr, 
 
 :f of the existence of the 
 
36 
 
 LA PEYROUSt^S VOY A O E 
 
 souls of the departed after ^-^eath, and of their exalta- 
 tion to a state of superiur blessedness above. In 
 their intercourse with their French visitors, these 
 islanders disco ;red a deceit incomparably artful, 
 and an incorrigible propensity to theft. At the mo- 
 ments at which they were receiving the presents of 
 the French, and wore the air of being the most 
 kindly interested in their attentions, at thos" very 
 moments were they always the most certainly con- 
 triving or perpetrating sonic theft. 1 hey offered 
 their women for prostitution, in a manner which 
 shewed that they were aware of the value of chas- 
 tity as a virtue, and were basely willing to barter it 
 for gain. They even offered for prostitution young 
 girls, under the age of puberty, wliose cries shewed 
 their own reluctance, and whom the French, with 
 generous delicacy, spared from the hoiror of viola- 
 tion. 
 
 On this isle, and among these peiple, the French 
 landed, on the 9th of April In the year 1781', A 
 company of 400 or 5C0 islanders received them oft 
 the sliore with eager joy. Some wore pieces of 
 white or yellow stuff*, ethers vvcrc naked: many 
 were tattooed and painted / ith red colours on the 
 face. 'I'lic first care of the .strangers, was, to form 
 an inclosure, from which a circular line of armed 
 soldicrj exclude d the access (^f the natives. Pre- 
 sents, beneficently drstinrd tf) gratit'y the desires of 
 these rude people, and to enrich the l)ai ren« sf of their 
 isle, were then brought on shore. INIeanwliilc, the 
 numbers of the surrounding natives cont'nually cn- 
 trcnscd. Forbidden to fire upon ihcm, the soldiers 
 
 \ 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 37 
 
 found it extremely difllcult to keep them at a due 
 distance with the butt ends of their muskets. In- 
 numerable little artifices were put in practice by the 
 Indians, in order to deceive the attention of their 
 visitois, while they accomplished their thefts with a 
 dexterity worthy of the most notori;)L:s thief that c« 
 vcr prowled in Paris or London. When the women 
 solicited the embraces of the French, the men, i 
 
 n 
 
 concert, seize 
 
 dtl 
 
 lose moments, to ro 
 
 b th 
 
 em 
 
 ftl; 
 
 ei: 
 
 )ome, wno ^vcre suppose 
 
 hats and handkerchiefs. 
 to possess the authority of chiefs, while ihcy shew- 
 ed a readiness to pursue the thieves, and to recover 
 the articles stolen, were soon pticclved to pursue 
 them only that they might favour their escape. The 
 voyagers were not to remain for more than lo hours 
 on tlie island. Messts dc la Pcyrouse and de Lan- 
 j[;lc, therefore, committed the clinrjre oi the tent, 
 the li'oods. and the srll(»rs and soldier^ on shore, t 
 
 Ko 
 
 () 
 
 M. de'Escures, first ]ieutcn.u>t in La Boussole ; ursJ 
 themselves proceeded on excursions thr()u;;h the Isle, 
 One p.uty, under th.e command of M. de Lan^le, 
 were to penetrate as far as possible into the interior 
 piirts, to sow the seeds of vegctablcsi, and to examine 
 thp soil, plnnts, population, &c.— while another, at 
 tlic head of wl.ich was "M. de la Pcyrourc, went to 
 visit the monuments, terraces, plantations, and hou. 
 "ics, within a semicircular space of the radius of 
 a league, round the central point at which the tent 
 was fixed. The results of their observations have 
 been detailed in the prccedinqj parap;raph. At one 
 nVlock in the afternoon, M. de la Pcyrouse return- 
 •J to the tent, I\Liuy thefts hud been committetl 
 
 1) 
 
3« 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S voyage" 
 
 in his absence. He Mmself was robbed of his hat, 
 hy an Indian who had assisted him in coming down 
 from a terrace. He made a collection of specimens 
 of the different lavas, the only sorts of stones in the 
 isle. M. de Langle likewise returned soon after. 
 He had wandered far into the interior parts of the 
 isle J had visited the volcanic crater ; had passed near 
 several villages •, had admired the cultivation of the 
 fields j had sown seeds of the orange, the leriion, 
 and the cotton-tree, cf maize, and other species of 
 l)lants, such as seeric' likely to thrive In the soil 
 and climate of this Isle. The natives were sufH- 
 ciently sagacious to comprehend the intention with 
 which these <?ceds were sown, and to point out to the 
 beneficent sowers those spots which promised to be 
 the most favourable to their growth. Goats, sheep, 
 and hogs, were, at the same time, left by the French 
 in the isle. Concerning the goats, M. de li Pcy- 
 rouse had hopes that they might survive and multi- 
 ■ply : he was doubtful that the '* :ep and liogs might 
 quickly perish. In the ev .Hiig of the same day, 
 the French voyagers went ayin on board their ships. 
 On the day following, they took their depatture out 
 of Cock's bay J stood to the northwaid, and siilcd 
 along, at the distance of a league from the shore. 
 At tvvo o'clock on tlie nth, tliey lost sight of the 
 isle, and were about 20 leagues distant from its coast. 
 They were sailing to explore, first, the North 
 West coast of Americ.u Tliry steered onwards In 
 a northern direction. Until the 17th the wiiid blew 
 constantly from the two points of S, F, or E. S. E. 
 Till the wind shifted to E. N. E. the skies continu- 
 
 lo^ 
 wc 
 
 of 
 
 MV. 
 
 in 
 o: 
 
KOUND THE WORLD. 
 
 5^ 
 
 
 3 
 
 ed clear and s'^rene. Fmm the 17th to the lot!:, it 
 blew ill tills last direction. On the 20th they h/C- 
 ran to take bonetas, shoals of which continued to fol- 
 low the frij^atcs to the Sandwicli isle-;, aid (oi' six: 
 weeks supplied, almost daily, abundance for the use 
 of the wlioie ships' crews at table. After bein;^ 10 
 months at sea, and out of this period only 23 di-ys 
 ill poit, they had not a single person sick in either 
 of "^he vcsstis : and not one of their number had as 
 yet perished either by accident or disease. In the 
 unknown seas, in which they now sailed, they look- 
 ed, almost every moment, with curious anxiety, a- 
 roand them, for some new discovery. Dagelet, the 
 iiSlronomer, neglected no opportunity of making hi- 
 r.ai* observations *, and thee tended still to confirm 
 their confidence in their titne-keepcrs. M. de Lan- 
 gle's observations and calculations were continued 
 with the same care, and were alike satlsf.ic' 
 M'hc daily differences betwcon the Longitude by o . 
 scrvation, and the Lon;ijItude by account, shewed the 
 degree of that force by which the set of the currcnti 
 affected the ships course. These carried them one 
 degree to the S. W. at the rate of neaiiy 3 lca^',ues 
 in 24 hours. Then changing to the K., tney ran 
 vith equal rapidity, till our voyagers foui.d theni- 
 selvc ' N. Here the currents again took tliclr 
 
 coursw lO the westward. When the ships arrived 
 at the Sandwicli isles, the Longitude by account 
 was found to diffci nearly 3" frotr the Longitude by 
 observation : a difference commensurate with tin; 
 inilucncc of the currents. , 
 
 D 2 
 
40 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'^S VOVAGS 
 
 In this course, the vigilance of M. de li Peyrousc 
 •\v.\s continually awake. He was particularly atten- 
 tive to ascertain the fact or the existence of that 
 cla-ter of isle^, wliicli the .Spaniards pretend to have 
 discovered in tnes'.- 1 .litudcs, and ^vhich they have 
 named La Mi.sa, Los Majos, La Diswraciada K- 
 very research ai'.d calcuh\tion, at l*,«r, cons'.nred to 
 
 convince hinn, tl.tt su;:h isles hav 
 
 no cMjitencc ci3« 
 
 tinct from tint of-: ae Sandwich isles, it is remark- 
 able that the Eno^lsh navi^Mtor, Dicl;«.on, uho, in 
 the years 1706 and 1787, likewise sailed i;i these lati- 
 tudes, niakiivr the same resenrchcs, w^s led to draw 
 the same conclusion. Cock, however, the true dis- 
 coverer ofthrt bandwioii isles, hid nci'her identified 
 the Spanish islands with his own, nor yet explotled 
 ihem from the map. On the 7th of May, in 8" N. 
 Lat. numbers of petrels, of man-of-war birds, and of 
 tropic birds, began to hover round the two frigates. 
 Turtles, about the same time, passed near, so that 
 I. 'Astrolabe caupfht two of them. I'ill the r4th, 
 the same companions continued to attend their course. 
 It may be, that in this part of their pro;rrcs3, these 
 voyagers passed some rock or uninhabited ihle, the 
 haunt of these animals, without perceiving it. '1 hey 
 jiassed near the situations of IljccA Partioa and La 
 Nublada, yet without coniin^<T in sight of these islands. 
 i\fter they had crossed the latituilc of Rocca Par- 
 tida, the birds disappeared. On the 15th of May 
 they were in nj^ 17' N. Lat. In 130** \V. Long. 
 Here, if any where, waj the laiitudc of the pretend- 
 ed bpanish isles, bailing down 20G Idgucs on this 
 parallel, might have been i'miVicicnt to explode the 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 4t.. 
 
 fancy of their existence. But M. de la Pcyrouse 
 continued his course till he had sailed over the pre- 
 cise situations In which those islands were said to 
 lie 'y and at length, on the morning of the 28th of 
 May, came within si^ht of the mountains of the i- 
 sland of Owhyh£E, white with snow. The liills of' 
 MowEE, somewhat lower, .'•oon after appeared with-, 
 in view. On the morning of the 29th, they prepar- 
 ed to enter the channel between these two isles. 
 The wind blew with considerable activity j and they 
 ran at the rate of two leagues an hour. It was the 
 wish of M. de U Peyrouse, to cxjilore the coast as 
 far as Morokinnk, and to anchor near that isle, in a 
 station to the leeward of Mowei-:. The islanders 
 had already marked their approach j and about 150 
 canoes were on their way from liie shore, with fruits 
 M\d hogs, to tralHck. with the Europeans for iron. 
 But the frigates found it inconvenient so io .\horlen 
 sail, that the canoes might easily overtake them. 
 In the attempt, many of the canoes were overset ; 
 only 15 hogs, with a small quantity of fruits, could 
 he procured for the use of the frigates ; and the In- 
 dians and the French sailors were for a time alike 
 disappointed. It was amusing to see how the In- 
 
 th 
 
 self 
 
 tlians, when their vessels were overset ; too 
 
 )k tl 
 
 icir 
 
 ])Ogs in their arms, and their canors, emptied of the 
 water, on their nhoulders j and lluis swimmcd about 
 just as gnlly as they had rowed. Having steered S, 
 VV. by \V. as far as the S. W. point of Mowce, M. 
 de la Peyruu'C then stood \\\ and N. W. to gain 
 ihe sltuTition in which he proposed to cast anchor. 
 l^'Astrolabe already rode at anchor there. 'I'hc 
 
p 
 
 h A r K V R o u s !•: ' s V Y A (1 f: 
 
 depth of ihe UMtcv w.is 23 r;itlii)ins •, the bottom a 
 very li;ml g\cy s.ind •, the tli.sliincc Itoin the shore 
 nh(nit Diir third oF x lonpuc. liut this anchoiarr 
 u;is very imiuttcrtly sheltered from the winds ', and 
 tliesr jicrpctiially shifted. It wms necessary to ehiisc 
 n safer and more convenient situatiin. 'I'liey mov- 
 ed nc.ircr to the shore •, and were obli;;ed to thday 
 their huullni; on the i>le till the d;»y fonowinj>. 'I'lic 
 nii;ht was ahno-^t unalteral>ly cahn. At day-break, 
 on the foUowini; morning, they i»i)Ui;lit new anclio- 
 lagc in a very deep bay, N. \V. fioni their foinicv 
 station. J'ut this proved little better than the for- 
 mer. 
 
 'J'he Island of Movvee is situate neatly In 2 " N, 
 L;\t. in 155" ^^ • Lo'V'^ l^s appearance is dci'^ht- 
 ful. It projects into the channel in the direction of 
 S. W. by VV. Mills tower up to a considerable c- 
 levation in the interior area of the i>lc. A narrow 
 ,slantin^ pliin, scarcely half a league In breadth, sur- 
 rounils the bases ot these iiilK •, and descentis to t'le. 
 se;: -beach. From tlic hei.'hts copious waters arc seen, 
 nhTH)st every where, to descend in streams, of which 
 the course presents a variety (d cascades ; and, attev 
 ■watering liie numerous plarlutions of the natives, to 
 fall gently iiuo the sea. Mie hills are clothed with 
 a rich ami lively veidiae. Uanana tiecs, in great 
 iiumbcrv, suirouml the habitations: and so abun- 
 dant is th.e population, that a sp;ico of three or four 
 leagues may be ttikcn, at a first view, for one con- 
 tinued village, huch is the first aspect of this i'^le, 
 to navigators a,.proaching at some small I'istance. 
 Nearer, the groupcs bc^nn to be broken and dl^icvs- 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 43 
 
 nl ; anil ol>j(.'('.ts unpk'asiii^ or uninteresting arc in- 
 Icrmin^lctl with those uliiol), more remotely seem, 
 picscutcd but one assemblage of tlie beautiful and 
 tlu: strikinj^ly picturesque. '1 he soil of the isle is 
 wliolly formed of lava and other volcanic matters 
 i comminutedor decomposed. Ilo^rs, bananas, pijtatoes, 
 
 yte the principal ol'jects wliith the husbandry of the 
 natives cultivate;) for their subsistence. Of the bark 
 of the paper-mulberry ticc, they manufacture lar^e 
 (jiuintities of clotli. Ihry cover the lloors of their 
 
 ;i ronsiilerably iiij^enious texture. 
 
 hous 
 
 th 
 
 cs with ma 
 
 Its of 
 
 J. 
 
 ar^e ca 
 
 lahasl 
 
 jes, lun 
 
 ted I 
 
 )y means o 
 
 fa^l 
 
 ue capa 
 
 blc 
 
 cf rcsi.'iting moisture, varnished, moulded into various 
 forms, and ornamented with fi^jures wliich are sketcli- 
 cd upon them in black, form one of the most elegant 
 and commodious articles of this jicoplc^ kitchen u- 
 ter.slls. 'I he houses are low straw-built huts, not 
 unlike to tliose of our poorest peasants ; the roof 
 nearly in the form of an isosceles lrian;^de-, the door, 
 at the ^abic end, not more than three feet and an 
 
 ntr 
 
 h* 
 
 h;ilf in heijdtt •, acccssil)le oidy to a person stoopi 
 and fastened but by a sin^de latch. When the tor- 
 rents from the mountains fail, brackish water from 
 .shallow wells is the only resource of the iniiabitants 
 of Mowee for iltink. llen^, as in the other islands 
 of the bouth Sea, the delicate saiiclity of female 
 clia tity appears to be unknown and unvalued. J;ut 
 the female form is here invested with few of the 
 glares or elci;ancies, even of rude fava^^e beauty ; 
 liud the venereal disease, however introduced, has 
 nude rava;;cs the most tcrtible and the most univer- 
 sal. The people of Mo wee, with those of the olhev 
 
r 
 
 44 
 
 LA PF.YROUSE's voyage 
 
 Sandwichlsles, have been accused of thr 'lorrid prac- 
 tice of oftVrin^ human saciihces, to piopitlate their 
 deities, and of delighting themselves occasionally 
 to feast on limbs which were once warm with hu- 
 man life. 'Ihe English navigators appear to have c- 
 stabliihed this fact, which it is so painful to believe, 
 upon evidence too strong to be resisted. La Pey- 
 rouse, with a gentleness and Irnicnitv, which would 
 gladly vindicate human naluie Irom the charge of 
 the most savage crime by which it can be '1-gradcd, 
 lias endeavoured too ineffectually to convince us that 
 cannibalism is here unknown. From the kindnesr. 
 of those Knroj)eans, by whom they have been, at 
 different times, visitcil, these isles have derived sup- 
 plits of our mosr. valuable domestic animals j bulls, 
 coKs, goats, ewes and rams. Trees trom many dif- 
 ferent coun'vicr. have been litre planted j and the 
 serds of tiie mr)st useful vcgc'iiibles sown. Iron. ;tnd 
 the most useful implcmetJts if indu>try, have been 
 introduced. A subordination subsists, by wLich the 
 chiefs and priests c.i)nv an absolute power. The 
 canoes framed w'tli oiitntrtrerx ; each, in the common 
 dize, aboiit i.\ icct in Inigth, i foot broad, i foot 
 dc« p \ capable of lioli.ing from three to five men \ 
 yet not e.X'C ding 50 or 6d pounds in weight j 
 and employed 111 courses of :.avigntiun to the extent 
 even of 60 leagues *, display very extraordinary in- 
 genuity, both ill their uses and strucVure, Yet the 
 arts, in general, arc here in a fctate lower than that 
 in wliich they appv.ir iu Knstcr Islni'.d ; and » long 
 time must, in nil piubabllity, elapse, before the 
 sciences, the rectitude uf mui \ intelligence, tho 
 
 me 
 
 ^^\^ 
 bai 
 in 11 
 
 CO. 
 
 I'jaj 
 
 pre 
 
 re 
 
 rv 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 45 
 
 •nt 
 
 heneficinl c'vil policy, and that happy impiove- 
 meiit of the agricultural and the mechanic arts,— 
 [1 which (li'tingiiish civibzed mar.kind from savages and 
 barbarians,— c.in be established amoni^ tiie native 
 inhabitant> of Movvce or Ovvhyhcc. in th. ir inter- 
 co-irse with the French, these people sliowed an un- 
 t-Mzing, u prov jking gentleness, an honesty little 
 prune to theft, a sagtcious caution, and yet a fair- 
 nc'S in commeici.^l dealing, by which they were ve- 
 ry advantag 'ously dlstmgaijiicd trom ♦he inluuitanrs 
 of Easter ibland. I hey were, in particular, careful, 
 in the sale of their hors and fruits, not to sp )il the 
 market by ofTer'ng larg*; qu ntities, at once, to the 
 purchisers, but to produce hog after hog, and one 
 small qiiantity of bananas a;.d potatoes slowly after 
 another, that the eagerness of the buyers, anJ, by 
 conse(iucnce, tlie prices, raight still be kept up. 
 
 It was on the 22d of Mav 756. that our voyagers 
 la'ided on this isle. I'hey happened to come on 
 shore in a place towards which none of th< se streams 
 of water dcscende»l, which they had seen at a dis- 
 tance. 'I heir landing was elTected in tour boats | 
 in the two foremost of whicli were 20 arncd soldiers 
 unJer the command of Lieutenant de Wieirevcrt^ 
 ^hile [VI. de Lan;.^le, with sucii oiliccrs and pasNcn* 
 gers HI were not by duly det.iir.cd on buatd, went in 
 tiie other two. An hundred and twenty persuiis, 
 men nit 1 women, awaited their approach ou the 
 shorf. i'he first ore of the i'lcncu, afvcr landing, 
 wa., to dijposu the 9oldicr5, with t>ayoneiS fixed, u- 
 rjund n upace whicli tlicy reserved for tlitinsclvcs, 
 secluding Itom it all access of the iiutians. At this 
 
4(5 
 
 LA p i; Y R o II s r \s V o V A c n 
 
 I 
 
 llicse {'cntlc people tcstllifd neither fear, provoca- 
 tion, nor surprl/.c. Two Indians, Avho appeared to 
 
 liave an authority over the rest, addnsNcd them in 
 j^ravc spcoclus ot sduic Icni^tli, and ofl'crcd each :i 
 present nf a ho\r. 'Vhc presents were acccpteil j and 
 in return, nied.ils, li;'tchets, and other pieces of iron, 
 to tlictn inestiniaidy pieclous, Avcre liberally bestow- 
 
 ed. 'I'he 
 
 ^vonien in» h; otter o 
 
 1V< 
 
 )f th 
 
 Rir lavouiN ill 
 
 %vhioh, howeViT, tlnMc wws but little alluri'inent. 
 Having fust visited tlio vllla^;e, M. dc la l\yrouse, 
 ^vith the rcntlemen acconii)anvin': him, then made 
 nn excursion farther into the isle, under the protec- 
 tion of a Serjeant's i^nard of soldiers. The re>ult of 
 their ol>scrvati()ns has been exhibited in the par:*- 
 pr.iph imnuiliately forerointj. 'I'hey Itad left thtlr 
 iliips at 8 o'clock in tlu; morniiiji; j at ii in the forc- 
 iiov)n tlicy re embarked in tluir boats -, at noon ihcy 
 arrived nrain oji board the shipf. Dniiiiij their ab- 
 sence, a ciii« fi.dn, of considcr.tblc consif|uencc, liail 
 visited tlie ships ; and had sold to those on hoard, :i 
 cloak and helmet elei;anily oinanientcd with red fea- 
 
 thers, with various at 
 if ih 
 
 ticl 
 .1 
 
 es o 
 
 f 
 
 )rovjsiotj, an 
 
 f ih 
 
 d oth 
 
 ^hu•d( 
 
 er 
 
 S 
 
 specuncns ot llic itnpUments ot these j.slaridcr<. 
 troni; j^.des nf)\v blew (m\ them from the southeast. 
 Both the frl^y.ites wetc forced to dra^ their anchors ) 
 nnd it was some time before they could even hoist 
 thtlr boats on bo.ml. At s in the afternoon, they 
 
 hud 
 
 wci;,died up tlieir anchors. 
 
 I'ill H o'clock, the 
 
 breciei blew sn faintly, that their profrtesn wan not 
 more than half » lea ;ue. 1 he wind at ln.it settled 
 in the N. E, Ihc fri^;atc« then took their course to 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 47 
 
 the westward ; and passed in the middle between the 
 isles of Tamoorowa and Ranai. At day-break, 
 they stretclied towards the S. W. extremity of the 
 Islird of MoROTOj. They entered the open sea by 
 thai channel which d'vldcs Morot'-j fiom Wohaoo; 
 On the 1st of June, at 6 oVlock in the evening, 
 they had left all these isles behind them. That 
 shoal of bonetas which had followed them for 1500 
 leajTues, from the vicinity of Kaster Island as far a? 
 these Sandwich isles, now disappeared. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
4S 
 
 I A FEYROUJIK's VPYACi: 
 
 CHAITIK lOUK I H 
 
 J^ARRATIVK «>|- TIIK VOY AtJlv 1(IN II NKKP, IKOMTIU: I. «il 
 
 \vuv. .7^56, Ti) Till'. iUi;iNNiNt; or aim^iist : iNil.t niNv. 
 
 THK ClU'RSK IROM TIIK SANDWICH ISIKS TO roRT PI 
 FRANCOIS, WITH ITS TRANSACTIONS, DISCOVFR IFS, AN J 
 MISrORTDNPS. 
 
 I 
 
 
 Oi!R voyngrrs now tlircctcd tlicir course nortliwards. 
 W'.int of water ;iiul olhcr Miit:il)Ic i)r(ivisions, soon 
 ohli^cJ llum to Lill and cure uilh suit llic lu)^'. 
 uliich tlicy h.iil procurcil fioni IMowci*. ( )n tlic 
 6tli of* )unc, when tlu-y li;ul arrivcil in the 30" of 
 N. Liit, the winds shillcd from K. to S. IC. The 
 iiki' s now assumed a dull, wliitish aspect Jta|ipcnr- 
 cd tliat the frigates had passed the sphere id liu- 
 tnii/c winds, and that weutlier levs favouiahle than 
 they had liiiiierto cnjoynl, was now to he expected. Ij 
 On the ytli of June, while they sailed in 34" N. 
 J^at they l)e);an to be sunounded with fo_i(s. lill 
 the I4tii of tlie same montli, wlun t4»cy had 1 cach- 
 ed the 4i"of N. l-at. tliesc fo^s continued to wh- 
 
 ite uie 
 
 tiic h 
 
 un/.on. 
 
 ri 
 
 )c incess 
 
 WW d 
 
 r./viini; rami a- 
 
 larmed M. de In Peyrousc fvir the health of t!»e s .i- 
 lors. lie therefore ordered sloves ^\Iili burnln^r 
 coals, to be phiced under the half-deck and between 
 tlie decks i ^avc out to every sailor and soldier, :i 
 p.iir of boots y and rc>toicd the llanncl under-vests 
 
ROUND THK W()Kt, 1). 
 
 49 
 
 and (Irawcn, uIimIi lie li;td ni;Klc liI- people by 
 a>iJe, find had kept in reserve, evci since tliey 
 left the se.is ;idjacrr.t to Cape Morn. Upon llic 
 jiuhnnent of llic ,sur|Mon, lliert; wns likewise secret- 
 ly niii'ided uitli the ^rog wliicli the crc^vs had at 
 brenkHist, n slight infusion of Peruvian bnrk, ;ui;ipt- 
 f«l lo produce cllects < onsiderahly snhit.iry, without, 
 sensibly alVec.tin^ the t;istc of th«: H<|Uor. IIk hap- 
 piest success, fortunately, attended the use of these 
 precautions. I'hc lorniation of a corn-mill was a- 
 nofher thinij of import int utility, which, about this 
 time, t',ave employment to some o( the voyagers. 
 In their stores, tiny hal taken on board, instead of 
 flour and l)iscuil, merely cm dried in the kiln. To 
 convert this into meal, thi y possessed only instru- 
 ments like the oiu rns of the hcnli^h 'liidilands. 
 \\ ith these, only a very Hmall <piantity of meal could 
 be eveiy day prepared *, aiul to obtain < ven ihat^ 
 re»|uircd an operose toil, which was found extreme- 
 ly irksome. The inventive genius of M. de LanpJ'*, 
 assisted ))y one of the sailors, who had formerly been 
 a miller's boy, contrived, first to ad.ipt to their 
 • pierns, sails by which a wind-mill was produced. 
 Afterwards, a handle, with the m^'chanical powers 
 of the .K'fvn', was advanta;:eously prcfened. Flour 
 was now obtaineil in ^;rcat abundance : and this was 
 as much better than that which they had before been 
 able to manufacture, as the fintsl ordinary flour is 
 better than the conrseit conimon bran. On the 
 I .^th of June, the wind cha'-' ;cd from S. V\, to W, 
 S, W. Thev were enabled lo observe, i 
 
 n ^c 
 
 neral, 
 
 tliat when the windb varied only in some fcvvdegreei 
 
 £ 
 
so 
 
 LA P E Y R O U S E Vs VOYAGE 
 
 \l^ 
 
 horn W. to N., tlic sky became generally clear, 
 and the sun cnliglitened ih?ir horizon •, that drizzling 
 rains were '.vont to fall, while the winds varied from 
 W. to S. W. : that fogs, with a moisture which 
 wetted every thin^r, without being perceived to fall, 
 accompap.icd the winds of that range of points from 
 S. W. by 8. E. to li. 
 
 They were now a Ivancing to a part of the Ame- 
 jjcan coast, which, with the exception of the port 
 of NooTKA ahviie, was but just seen by Commodore 
 Cook. (Jnc of the most useful attempts they could 
 nuke, w.Ts, to explore the tract between Mount St 
 Elias, and Port Monterey. Unluckily, M. de 
 la Peyrouse could appropriate to this service only 
 two or three months. Proceeding northward, and 
 approaching the American coast, they began to ob- 
 herve sea-weeds tloat by •, the species of which was 
 absolutely unknown to them. Among these was a 
 head equal in size to an orange, not unlike to an 
 onion, the stalk of wliich has run to seed, and Itself 
 terminating a stalk 40 or 30 feet in length. VnSt 
 ■whales, divers, wild geese, about the same time a[)- 
 peared around them. From these signals, they 
 knew that land was nigh. At 4 o'clock on the 
 morning of the 7y\. the fogs, suddenly clearing a- 
 way, permitted lliem to discover a long range of 
 snowcovcied mountains. Among these they could 
 distinguish At'iunt .St I'^iias, rearing its top above the 
 rloud». 'I his ilrcary couvt was sten without excit- 
 ing ihoa* pltasinjj emotions which men v.ho have 
 been long at sea are wont to frcl \\hen they rome 
 fir>t wi:hin si'dit of laiul. All ivus here dcsolatijn 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 51 
 
 nnd barrenness, without ttec;, without verdure, ex- 
 hibiting nouirht but huge and endless piles of snow. 
 From the heiglit of the mountains, the hind appear- 
 ed to descend towards the sea. The waves broke 
 at the shore, a-^ainst a perpendicular ledge of black 
 rocks, the front elevation of whic!i mi,i;ht l^e about 
 150 or 200 fathoms. Such was the appearance of 
 the coast seen from a distance. Approaciing near- 
 er, our voyagers perceived island- like hills over- 
 spread with trees, rising into view in front of tho 
 higher ground, which alone they had, at first, ob- 
 served. The wind, however, sadde-ilv chanirinf: 
 from an eastern to a southern direction, the sky be- 
 coming dark arid black on that quarter of the horl- 
 'zon : and they were thus prevented from taking that 
 near and distinct survey, which they wished, of this 
 purt of the coast. At noon, from an observation, and 
 from their time keepers, they found themsolvi;s to 
 be in 59° and 21' N. Lat. and in 1,} \^ 73' VV. Lon. 
 The land was hidden by a thick fog, during the 
 whole of the 2<ith. On the i6t!i, the weather be- 
 came fair •, and at 2 o'clock in the morning of that, 
 day, the coast, with all its windings, appeared clear- 
 ly in view. A broad level tract of land extended 
 in front of the mountains, A low point, covered 
 with trees, seemed to join that tract, and to termi- 
 nate .'t a small tlistunce. Concriving that the broad 
 level tract, with the lower wooded point by which 
 it seemed to be terminated, might be an island di- 
 [| vjded by an arm of the sea from the towering moun- 
 
 tains beyond j they turned their couric towards that 
 point J and continuing to soutul wi'^h the /#W whilr 
 
 K 2 
 
52 
 
 LA PEY. ROUSE'S \-OYAGE 
 
 I-'' 
 
 m 
 
 they sailed, found the least depth of the water to 
 be 45 fathoms, with a muddy bottom. Durin;^ the 
 forenoon, the breezes had blown but lightly, with a 
 variation from W. to N. At two in the afternoon, 
 a calm made it necessary for the frigates to come to 
 
 ,; 
 
 anchor, "^i heir situation, at noon, was in 59" 41 
 N. Lat. in 133" 3' W. Long. Boats had been dis- 
 patched to survey the bue channel, which was con- 
 ceived to lie between the aupposcd island and the 
 continent. D stant observation had suggested, 
 that the water flowed in that channel, very smooth, 
 and that the motion of the current was at the rate 
 of about half a league an hour to the S. S. W. 
 These indications might seem to prove ; that if no 
 channel intervening, between an island and a conti- 
 nent J here was at least the mouth of some great ri- 
 ver. Every appearance soon concurred to foretel 
 approaching foul weather. The mercury had fallen 
 lemarkably in the barometer during the last twen- 
 ty four hours. The sky was now black and dark. 
 Tears began to be entertained for the boats. But, 
 about 9 o'clock in the evening, these returned ia 
 safety. The report of the otllcers who had gone in 
 them, Messrs dc INlonti. de Vaujiius, and Boutin, 
 rather contradicted than confirmed those conjectures 
 ivhitli liad been made, at a dlstarxe, concerning the 
 roa^t. They had found neither river nor channel, 
 but only a sort of semi-circular creek, the soundings 
 in which indicated 30 fathoms water, with a muddy 
 bottom y but which couUi aQord no shelter from any 
 of the winds blowing betwci^n the .S. b. W. and the 
 K. S, IL, poinls oi the compass. 'I'hc shore uas ca- 
 
 ll^ 
 
ROUND 
 
 HE AVORLD. 
 
 St 
 
 Vfred nitli drifted wood, 
 
 1 nc fica 
 
 broke 
 
 up 
 
 on It 
 
 witii such violence, that M. dc Monti, the officer 
 commanding the boi^ts, had very great difiiculty in 
 efi'ecting a landing. M. de la Peyrouse, in compli- 
 ment to M. dc Monti, named the creek. De Mon- 
 ti's Bay. An English voyager, Dickson, visited 
 this same part of the American coast in tlie year 
 following. His narrative of his voyage makes it 
 probable, that the conjecture of La Peyrouse was 
 nearer to the truth than the observations of his uf- 
 iiccrs. The Port Mi'lcrave of Dickson, differs in 
 position but by a few minutes of Longitude and La- 
 titude from the bay of De Monti. It should seem 
 that the mistake of the French ofllcers must hare 
 arisen from their trusting too hastily to the first ap- 
 pearances at the mouth of the biy ; and from their 
 hence neglecting to penetrate iudicieutly far toward;; 
 its bottom. 
 
 boon after the return of his boat;, ]\L c'e la Pey- 
 rouse turned the course of the frigates from the 
 coast •, sailing towards the S. L. iuidc;r a breeze 
 v.'hich arose with considerable briskness from the 
 N. \V. The wind, after many variations, blew at 
 last for 24 liours, strong and steady, from the E. 
 'ihe night was foggy, yet calm. On the 28th of 
 June in 59° 19' N. Lat. in 142" 41' \V. Long, the 
 weather became more moderate. A lieavy fog now 
 lumg upon the coast. But the mercury begun to 
 rise in the baiomettr j and expectations of still fair- 
 er weather were naturally excited. 'I'hc course of 
 the frigates was still southward along the coast. At 
 J o'clock ill the evening, they \vcrc but 3 leagues 
 
54 
 
 LA PEY rouse's VOYAGE 
 
 p. 
 
 J!' 
 
 from land, with a muddy bottom. On the 29th 
 they were in 3(>° 2C' N. Lat. in 142° 2' W. Long, 
 in the course ot 24 hours their progress had been de- 
 flected ?4 mills to the eastward. Even amid the 
 fogs, they couLl at intervals perceive the low-lands 
 of the coast, from wh'Ji they had never been far- 
 ther tlian 4 leagues distant. Their soundings were 
 now re>',ularly from 60 to 70 fathoms, with a mud- 
 dy bottom. They supposed themselves to be but 
 5 or 6 leacjues ea^.twaid from the Behrings Bay of 
 Conk. They set their sails for the land \ and ap- 
 proached it under a very light breeze from \V. S. 
 W. A bay seemed to open before them , but wlieti 
 they came nearer, they could see, that what they had 
 supposed a bay, was nothing but the abrupt meeting 
 of high with low lands at the coast. They cast an- 
 chor where there was ;o fathoms depth of water, 
 with a muddy ground. The bu.its of the two frl- 
 ?^alc5>, under the command of Messrs de Clonard 
 ajul Alarcliuinvillc, were sent out to explore the coast. 
 They found, at the mouth of a great river discharg- 
 ing itself into the sea, by two not inconsiderable 
 channels, a sandy bank, which lose to a level with 
 the water. For five or six hours, they sought for an 
 entrance into these ch^mntls. But, b>)th were shuL 
 up by the sandy bars, against which the sea broke 
 ivlth such force, that it w.is impossible for the boats 
 to approach them. Beyond tlie sand-banks, indeed, 
 witliin the channels, they could perceive smooth wa- 
 ter in a bason of two leagues in length, and seven 
 leagues in breadth. Smoke, bespeaking the coun- 
 try to be inhabited, was also seen on the shore. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 ss 
 
 There can be no doubt, but that which appeared to 
 the French voyagers to be the mouth of a great ri- 
 ver, is the Behring's Bay of Cook. La Peyrouse 
 rave it the name of Beiiring's River. It is not im- 
 possible, but that, since the French voynger ap- 
 proached nearer to the land than the Fnglish, the 
 former may be more correct, in afhrming the exis- 
 tence of the mouth i)f a river here, than is the lat- 
 ter, when he speaks merely of a bay. From this 
 scene, the two frigates sailed along the land at two 
 or tlnee leagues distance from it j and under a light 
 brtc/.e from the W. With the assistance of their 
 perspective glasses they could see people on the 
 shore. Bat the sea w.is reverberated from the 
 btach in those trenicnduous billows to wliirh the 
 sailors gave the name of hreahers ; and of which the 
 overwhelming fury rendeied all landing in these 
 scenes utterly impossible. At noon, on the ad of 
 July, in 5S° ^d' N. Lat. in 14'.^ 3,i' W. Long, they 
 fuand themselves opposite to IVTount FArRwcAruER, 
 at two leagues distance from the land. Ihey dis- 
 covered, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the same 
 day, at a place somewhat eastward from Caie Fair- 
 weather, a retrocession of the coast, n'hich was gra- 
 dually perceived to retire inwnrds, so as to form a 
 fviie bay. Towards that bay they immediately di- 
 rected their course. Tliree boats were dispatched 
 to examine it. A reef of rocks, about 3CD toises 
 in length, with a sulTiciently accessible opening at 
 (MIC end, contiguous to a point of the continent, was 
 seen to protect this bay from the tumultuous blllow- 
 ings of the waves of the open sea beyond. Within 
 
56 
 
 LA P E Y R O U S E S VOYAGE 
 
 W 
 
 
 p 
 
 It. H 
 
 Til', 
 
 this reef of rocks, the waters were calm and smooth. 
 Of the inlet at its one end, the depth was found to 
 be, in the middle, 7 or 8 fathoms; at the distance of 
 20 toists from either side, 5 fathoms. The depth 
 within the bav was 10 or 12 fathoms, with a safe 
 bottom. Sail^fied of these ;,articulars, by the infor- 
 mation of the officers who had gone in the boats, 
 INI. de la Peyrouse resolved to conduct the frigates 
 into the bason. At 7 oViock in the evening, they 
 were before the inlet j but the winds blew faintly, and 
 the tide was then ebbing with an i.-npetuosity of cur- 
 rent, in cpposiiion to \\hlch the ships were not able 
 to advance. Dining the night, they waited near 
 •vvithcut casting anchor. In the morning, new ob- 
 servations, made by the officers of L'Astrolabc, en- 
 cournwed them all to renew their attempts to enter. 
 After some difficulties, the flowing tide carried both 
 the frigatf-'s into the bay i forcing them into a posi- 
 tion within half a pistol shot of rocks, on which al- 
 most the r.nmlltst movement farther would have 
 shattered them In pieces. They both cast anchor 
 at half a cable's length from the shore '. and in three 
 fathoms and an half water, with a rocky bottom. 
 Once or twice La lioubsole slightly touched the , 
 rocks with her keel ; fortunately, however, without 
 buffering the smallest damage. During 30 years 
 experience In navigation, M. de la Peyrouse iiad ne- 
 ver seen two ships so near to being lost, and yet c- 
 scaping from the danger. But it was not itnmedi- 
 ately possible to move from their present position to 
 saf;.r anchoiing ground, 
 
 
 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 57 
 
 After a short time, an excellent bed of sand was 
 found at four cables length of distance from their 
 first situation, with lo fathoms of water over it : at 
 
 lid b( 
 
 farth 
 
 a lartlier distance into the bay, no bottom could te 
 found, even at 60 fathoms except at half a cable''s 
 leng;th from the shore, where was a muddy bottom 
 under 30 fathoms water. At the bottom of the bay 
 >vas discovered an island, near which ihere was an- 
 chorage in iO fathoms depth of water, with a mLid- 
 (ly bottom. On that isle, abundance of wood ]ay 
 ready cut and carele-sly scattered along the ground. 
 Stri-ams of excellent water were precipitated in ca- 
 taracts from the mountains. Be\ond the isle, the 
 sea was covered with blocks of ice j and the entrarr- 
 ces of two extensive clvmnels were discovered at a 
 distance. At 4 o'clock in the afterr^on, the fri- 
 gate, La Roussole, was warped in upon the above 
 mentioned bed of sand. J^'Astrolabe, witli better 
 success, gained at once the anchorage adjacent to 
 tlie isle. On tlie day following, a light breeze from 
 the S. E. enabled La Boussole, v/ith the assistance 
 of the boats, to join her. To the whole bay, a bay 
 of which these navigators weie the first discoverers, 
 Pvl. de la Peyrouse gave the name of Port de Fran- 
 cois. 
 
 On the continent adjacent to P^rt de Francois, 
 inhabit some savage tribes, with whose existence 
 and manners our voyagers had now an opportuni- 
 ty of becoming acquainted : Tliey appeared to wor- 
 ship the Sun. With the speeches, in their mo,>t so- 
 lemn transactions, was, occasionally, intermjnglcd 
 a plaintive music, not unlike to the Pi;ilm ti'.nefc of 
 
.S3 
 
 LA P C Y R O U S E S V O Y A G L* 
 
 pi 
 
 115 J I 
 
 tlic Cl'tlsllan worbhi;^ j or to those sweet melan- 
 choly ail*"., Tvhich arc understood to constitute the 
 bftier part of the n:)tlve music of \ht Scots. Dan- 
 tinr; to tlie «ounilsoftheir own voiceslikewisc accom- 
 panlts some of their most solemn transactions. 'I'hey 
 sui-isist partly by Hshin*;. in y.wt by hunting. '1 hey 
 aie acfiuuinted with the use of iron ; and have, by 
 vaiious means, either in direct intercourse nith Eu- 
 ropeans, or l)y transmission throu;;h intci mediate 
 hands, acquired considc: ible quxntltics of it. That 
 amphi!)ious animal, tlic sea^otler, is tlic constant ob- 
 ject of their lumling pursuit. It rccel"es from them 
 the name o^ fleeter, iis weight, at its full growth, 
 may be about 70 pounds, its skin furnishes a very 
 valuable fur. These savages were understood by 
 tlieic French visitors, to have tiicir habitations at 
 some distance on the continent, yet often to resort 
 to the isle nigh which the fri^^iitcs lay at anchor. A 
 tomb, which some rrcnchmcn had an opportunity 
 of cxamininjf, showed tlicse Americans to have the 
 custom of burninji; the bodies of their dead. The 
 liead nlune is p.tscrved unburnt, and ca. chilly wrap- 
 ped up in a numb.r of skins. For the monument, n 
 small wooden chamber is vlc\.iltd on four pole^. 
 '1 he head with th: u»hcs Hre deposited in a coiFm, 
 iir;d placed within thtit chamber. The canucs, in 
 which llicsc lu'iians adventure upon the sea, arc 
 lormttl c:u li <>f the trunk of u tree, hollowed, raised 
 at the sides by planks wiiich arc lewrd to its bot- 
 tom, hainjr, like oar wfoat-*, linl'trx and nv;/rj", well 
 exccutid in the wood>vork, and tovertU over with 
 s"al skins, St wed together with aJrirable closcnes* 
 
 ;^ii(l 
 
 for 
 
 ;.blv 
 
 s.dni 
 
 thcii 
 
 an 
 
R O u S' rj T H L W R I. I>. 
 
 i9 
 
 •And nicety. In winter, >v1ulc tliey trusr to the cliace 
 tor the means of subNlstenci', lliev arc ofte 
 
 n unavoi 
 
 1. 
 
 ;ibly liable to perish liy famine. In si'mincr, ihi* 
 s.ilmons cf the rivers form th.e princiiial article of 
 
 ens- niHl m 
 
 their food : and these they t^kc with an 
 ;m abundance which ni.ikes it i)r)ssi')!c lov U\cm to 
 he idle and gluttono'is to any (lf<:',n.'e they please. 
 G imin;^ is the fic'inont amusement of their indo- 
 lence ; and they rui^ into all its worst mischiefs, with 
 
 most turious and must pers'jvcring aulour ot passion, 
 'i'o the French strani^crs, they displayed their moral 
 
 principles an 
 
 id feel 
 
 iM''< ill a 11 
 
 li 
 
 i.hockin;.;ly un.imi- 
 
 able. riiey beheld distress wiihout sympathy j they 
 robbtd their benevolenr visitants, the mo*^t readily, 
 at those very moments, \'hcn thcs.* were caressing 
 
 1. :' 
 
 .uid loading vvi'h presents tliemse!ves and their c 
 (hen. One or two of the Fr.-nchmoii could at no 
 time stroll to any vn\all distance on the coast, wi'lj- 
 oiit being liable to be surronn.ifd, and forcibly dr.- 
 privcd of every thing valuilile about them, by these 
 rapacious mtives. A village of thice or f »ur wood- 
 < n :'.h':ds was observed by our voyager* near the 
 shore. 'I'hese hhcds were, ewch, 25 feet in leu ;t!i, 
 and I c in luradth ; c)veied only on that »idc which 
 was t)ie munr cxnosrd to the storms wiili planks oi* 
 willj the b.u-k of trees ; >ind bavin. ; in th? mi Idle 1 
 fire, unnuul wliich were '^ung lalin ms tiud otiier 
 fislirs to be dried in t'r.e smok-r. l'"...ch «hc I n;jppHr- 
 cl to lol^e ih >r A^a pc <»oi.^, On one siJcsU their 
 worn n and chlhlren •, 01 the oilur were the men. 
 Evich *hf d seemed vt bj i'.w »c it nf a d'»;inct s-^cif - 
 
 ty. 
 
 Each hai Us o^^o i t.io- .11 J iu own clii«f. 
 
)0 
 
 LA r E Y R O L' S E S \' O Y A G E 
 
 i 
 
 r* M 
 
 Tlic movements and design? of the company in every 
 different shed seemed to be entirely incepcndt-nt of 
 the inhabitants of the others. Circnmst^nccs ap- 
 peared to indicate, that the residence of tliese A- 
 merirans, upon this hay, was but occasional and 
 tcnipor.iry. Tiiey pcriiaps pass the summer here for 
 
 fish 
 
 my 
 
 .H > 
 
 but 
 
 in tliC winter retire in 
 
 lo tV 
 
 le interior 
 
 country to pursue the chace. Within, and around 
 their dwellings, the raost dis^r^l^ting nastincss pre- 
 vailed, i hey prepare their fishes for food, in wood- 
 en vessels, which, tiiough used alike for kettle, dish, 
 «nd )late, are never wasl)cd. lieing without pots 
 of cither iron or that /<,/»/r o/Zarn which has been 
 found in use anion<T the natives of <>ome of the N. K. 
 l)arts of the American continent they have no menus 
 to make water boil, save by immetsin^; into it stones, 
 which they luive made red-hot in tiie fiie. 'I'iieii 
 method of roasting nea-ly resembles that wliich is 
 practised by soUiitrs in a cam|). In summer they 
 seek their food like the seals, wandering from bay 
 to biy. In wiriti-i tlicy penctr. le into the interior 
 country, and liunt the beaver and other animals. 
 From the teiiderncss of the soles of llirlr feet, uliich, 
 though al\savs linked, are never cillous, it sliould 
 fcccm i)i«t tijev travel little, except in canoes or 
 with t>iu)\v rackets. 1 heir onlv domestic animal is 
 the do;^, of H specie*, wild, carnivorous, and d in- 
 ge^o!l^ ', in form nt.d ^ue not unlike to the com- 
 mon Sihipherd's dog, rarely b.irkiMg, but emitting ii 
 hiss similar to that of tiic jickall of Btngnl. I'he 
 dress of these people is simple, ye* in some particu 
 ):kn oddly fant i^tic. Tlu- head is ui>u.illy covered 
 
TkOCND THE V.'OKLD. 
 
 6i 
 
 lals. 
 lich, 
 
 ;il U 
 
 il (H- 
 
 oni- 
 
 icu 
 :rcd 
 
 
 Tvhh a small hat of straw, very neatly ]il<:ited. Or, 
 in some iast.mces two horned bonn^tts of envies fta- 
 thers, or even the whole head of a be ir, having a 
 wooden scull-cap fixed to it, aj^p^ar instead of the 
 j.tiaw-hat. Some were seen to wear a sort of robe 
 of ottci's skin, or of the tanned skin of the elk, bor- 
 dered with a jingling fiinjre of doers hooves and the 
 beaks of birds. The cartillagts of the tars and the 
 nose arc plci ' ' to receive dlffc'reiit ornaments. On 
 their breasts nnns they make scars with a sharp 
 
 ed'jred instrument, which they are accustomed to 
 whet on their teeth. With a jtiece of sandstone, 
 >vroii^ht into the firm of a tongue, they file down 
 their teeth to the j^um?. Ochre, soot, ;:nd plum- 
 bago, minjjkd with lish («il, arc empbiyed by them in 
 piiinrin^ tri^htfuUy the f.ice and the other parts of 
 the body. Dressed in wliat they themselves ac- 
 count the manner the most sumptuous and tlei;nnt, 
 ihty wear the hair tlowitii> at fi.ll Icn '.th, entwined 
 v.ith the down of sea-fowls, and plcntltully powclcrcvi. 
 .'ionie few instances of tatooin|; on t)»e ain)s, were ob- 
 »»tived nmon;^ the women. Vounf^ piil'. uhohave not 
 yet attained the a^e uf puberty, univcrsnily pierce the 
 underlip, aad fix in It a needle, as a coiutant orna- 
 r.ifnt. When tlicy l\avc advanced bevond the age 
 of puberty, the oiifice which \r.ts formed by the 
 rnedlci \% cnUr/^ed, by klittln); the lower lip at tlie 
 lOOt of the Runis, for the whole \\ideness of the 
 mouth, into thin is now inserted a s')it of woodea 
 bowl witliout I'undks, very niec'y formul, and dei- 
 tined to be wotn us n per) etuul ornament, uhith 
 they will, it nu tiiue, ivcn ioi u n.oiucut, lay ii:.ide, 
 
 F 
 
Cl 
 
 LA P E Y R f ) U S E ' S VOYAGE 
 
 ' III 
 ,1l 
 
 '3 
 
 \ 
 
 without extreme confusion and reluctance. The 
 general dress of these women is m^re corcless and 
 filthy than that of tlie men. Their countenances, 
 naturally wild and harsh, are in< pressibly disfitu;- 
 ed by the laceration of the under lip. Their whole 
 persons appeared to the Frencli strangers, to he the 
 most squalid and disgusting upon earth. Yet, «- 
 mong tlie sailors there were not wanting some who 
 were so brutally kiscivious as to solicit their favours. 
 They at first showed somewhat of coy reluctance, 
 and hinted their fears of the jealousy of their men. 
 Presents overcame this reluctance \ and they then 
 chose rnther to prostitute themselves on tiie oncn 
 sliore, in the face of the sun, than to retire under 
 tlie more modest concealment of the woods. It is 
 not to be dissomhled, tlial Dixon, the l''ngllsh voy- 
 ager, who visited this coast, soon after I\l. de la 
 Pcyrouse, has ^iven a less disgusting picture of these 
 females. He says, that when one of tlicm was per- 
 suaded to wash herself clean, her form and coun- 
 tenance, but for the disfigurement of tlie under lip, 
 Hupeared mueh to resemble a handsome English 
 milkm.iid. In st:it»ire, these eoplc weie perceiv- 
 ed to dilVcr little from their French visitors. The 
 colour of thtir .skin \s «i (huk brown, not fiom 
 the hirth, but in conscfjuencc of their continual ex- 
 posure lo the sooty nnstincss of their houve«!^ and to 
 the nlr and r..ins in the open a'mosphtrc. 1 heir 
 frame is feeble •, and the weakest oi th.t Freoth sal- 
 Ion would have been more thim n ni.iteh in wrist- 
 ling for the stoutest of these Ameiicans. Symp- 
 tom ; of the r.curvy wcic observed on iome of ihcru \ 
 
 1^1 
 
 If 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 63 
 
 and the ol:lcst person ainont^ tliem was a woman who 
 niii'ht be about 60 vears of a^e. 'I'hev li^h ihc li- 
 vers, ehlier by setting up stakes across them •, and 
 thus f.;rmirtjT a jort of cruives ; or else, \\lth lines, 
 to wliicli a small fish is fastened as a bait, while a 
 iar>;e seal's bladder, connected witli the li;ie, and 
 ,'xvimniin^ on thf surface of tiie nater, indicates to 
 ihe lishermHn t'r.e lirst U'.omcnt when any iish snutch- 
 (s i»t llic bait below. These Americans of Port de 
 Franij, lis, wie sLillcd to spin the hair of different a- 
 nimals into a yarn, of which, with needles, they fa- 
 ))ticatc a species of cloth, of a texture similar to that 
 of the tapestry of Kurope. Of this cloth they form 
 for th<*mselves cloaks ; and having contrived to in- 
 termix in the f.ibric of the cloth, slender stripes of 
 otter. skin, they thus make their cloatlis to resem- 
 ble the finest silken shag of Kuropcan mmufacture. 
 Their ha:s -ind baskets of reeds nre woven with ex- 
 quisite skill. Tiie ornniiental d«sl;nis which they 
 skctcS up»n these, fnx in no unpleasing taste. 'I hey 
 forge iron *, thev f;ishion copper ; they fxpcut* to- 
 lerable en«;ravings of mrn and other animals, in 
 wood and stone. They make finelv polished orna- 
 ments of the serpentine stone : They inlay boxes in 
 a very tlcgmt manner, with mothtr of peail. A 
 dagger; a wooden lance at one end, shirpcn? d and 
 hardtMK'd in tlic fire, or perhaps pointed witii iron ; 
 H bow and arrows, the latter tipped with coppt r , are 
 their ordinary \seapors. There were observed a- 
 mong their trinkets, pieces of yellow a.nbcr ; which 
 rhey may possd)ly pick up from time ti* time, npaa 
 their own coasts* Their canoc> appeared tu be in 
 
 F a 
 
«+ 
 
 I. A ? E y R 17 S E S V O Y A (5 E 
 
 5;cneral more thin 30 feet loni; ^ 4 feet br( avl ; 6' 
 if.et deep •, and vere coveted witli seal- skins after 
 the nnnner of tlie K«<|uimqi.ix. Their ;:;iniin!T 
 m.\k.es them serious and nudancholy. It Is phiyed 
 ^vltli 30 I ieccs of wo 'd ; each hivlnij, like our dice, 
 diiUTcnt mark*:, and of these .^o piccts, they hide 7. 
 Kvcry one of the persons entrnued in the g: me, then 
 plays in his turn. lie whose guess co:nts nearest 
 to the number upon the 7 pieces, is the ninncr of 
 the stake. A hatchet, or a piece of iron. Is usually 
 the siipulited prize. Their music is plaintive and 
 melodious. 1 he sounds of their language are rough 
 and harsh, cviiibltln.^ combinations of consonants to 
 ^vhIch we should find it impossible to give utterance j. 
 and excluding the sounds of some of tl;osc letters, 
 uhich occur the most frequenily in the speech of ci- 
 vilized Europe. Of the consonants, /',,/', .v, /, r/, />, 
 V, / and the llcjuld (t.'/, could not be enunciated by 
 them, otherwise th.u very imperfectly, and with ex- 
 treme dllllculty. Their initial consonants are, /•, /, 
 n, J", /.I. Noie of their words bt gin with r. Their 
 termIn;ilIons are, almost always, either In vowels, or 
 in the syllables on/s^ ou!(h. K is the favourite letter 
 in their alphabet. They have interjections expres- 
 sive of pleasure, arigvr, and aJuriration. They pos- 
 S2SS hut few ab.tliiict term*. I 01 a- much as our voy- 
 n/![crs coulJ obscivc, there »>eei:)ed to be a coiislder- 
 jible atrn.ily ui sound between the language of the 
 inhabitant* of Nootka, and that oi tliese people ot 
 Poit dc Franc; .)Is. The following arc the principal 
 numerical terms of this languigc : 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 «J 
 
 One, 
 Two, 
 
 Three, 
 
 Four, 
 
 Five, 
 
 Six, 
 
 Seven, 
 
 Keight, 
 
 Nine, 
 
 Ten, 
 
 Kleven, 
 
 Twelve, 
 
 I'hirtcen, 
 
 Fourteen, 
 
 Fifteen, 
 
 Sixteen, 
 
 Seventeen, 
 
 Ei,^htcen, 
 
 Nineteen, 
 
 Twenty, 
 
 Tiiirty, 
 
 Forty, 
 
 Fifty, 
 
 Sixty, 
 
 Seventy, 
 
 Eighty, 
 
 Ninety, 
 
 A hundred, 
 
 ■s? 
 
 Kei'rrk 
 
 Thelrh 
 
 Neisk 
 
 Toalihoun 
 
 Ke Use bine 
 
 K/eitouchou 
 
 Takatouchou 
 
 Nftsliatuiichou 
 
 Kouehok 
 
 Tchinccate 
 
 Kcirkrha keirrh 
 
 Keirkhva thcivb 
 
 Keii hrha rieisb 
 
 Keirkrha taukhoun 
 
 Keirkrha- kcitschme 
 
 Keirkrha L/fiiouchou 
 
 Keirkrha-taLatouchou 
 
 Keirkrha nrt\kaiouchou 
 
 Keirhrha'huuehoc 
 
 Thcirha 
 
 Ncirlrha 
 
 Taakhounrba 
 
 Kcit chinerha 
 
 Klei ouch'iurha 
 
 TukatouL hourha 
 
 Nttd'aiouchrha 
 
 Kiue':oirha 
 
 Icbiiu'cnicrha 
 
 Fj 
 
66 
 
 LA PEYROUSk's voyage 
 
 li 
 
 Hi' 
 
 i 
 
 If 
 
 
 
 The liarboiir or bay to wliich La Pcyroiise t^ave tlie 
 name of Port de Francois, is situ;ne in 5S" 37' N. Lat. 
 itt r ,(;" 50' N. Long. Under the full, and under the 
 chan<,nnprmoon, the tide here rises 7-Kect on the shore. 
 It is then hi^h water at 1 o'clock. At certain times, 
 the current of the tide moves in with the force of 
 the most rapid river. At other times, a boat may 
 easily sail in direct opposition to it. There were 
 observed on the land, liii:;h watermarks, at a height 
 not lcs»i tlian 13 feet above the surface of the sea. 
 Tlic climate of this coast was judged by M. de la. 
 Pcyrouse to be far milder thnn thut of Lludson's 
 Jlay in the same latitude. Vegetation is here ex- 
 cecdin<^]y vigorous, fnr three or faur months annual- 
 ly. I'ines were measured by our voyagers, of whicU 
 the circumference was found to be jS feet, the height 
 14c feet. Almtvst all the pot-herhs of the mtadow-J 
 iUid moutUains of I'rance appeared in the fields. A- 
 mong these were, angtlicM, the buttercup, the vio- 
 l«.t, ike. Celery, round- leaved sorrel, lupine, the 
 wild pea, yarrow, and endive, wtre likewise fourd 
 in great abuiidance. Gooseberries, raspb^-rries, and 
 Ntrawbenics, ^vere plenteous in the woods. Alder 
 trees, the pojdar, the sallow, the hornbeam, the 
 Jwarf williAv, wltli ditlV-rCiit species of briars, 
 were seen intermingled amot.g the stately pli.cs. 
 iSIost of the plants appeared to be of species; which 
 arc common in Europe. INI. de INLtitiiilere, in his 
 botanical excu.siojs, met v.ilh only thrne plant 1 
 that he thought ticv. Trout and salmon ar.: prodi. 
 j^iously abu.id mt in the rivers. Ling, thornb 'cks, 
 pUices, Jldans^ and o-i/ii/afi.<f were taken I7 the 
 
 
 m 
 
ROUND rilE WORLD. 
 
 «f7 
 
 Fiencii in tlie bay. Muscles, limpets, whilks, and 
 coclvlcir, were among the most remarkable shell 
 fishes. From a place at the elevation of more than 
 200 tolses above the level of the sea, M. de Lama- 
 non, miiieralogist, took marine petrifactions in a fina 
 state of preservation, and of very large dimensions, 
 of tlie shell known by the name of iSi J.'mei's shelly 
 or the Royal clouh. Bears, murtins, and 5quirrels, 
 were found by the hunters in the woods. The na- 
 tives brought skins of the brown and black bear, the 
 Canadian lynx, the Canadian marmot, the eimlnc, 
 the red fo\-, the martin, the beaver, iuid the little 
 grey squirrel. l he most common, however, and 
 tiie most precious skins brouglit by the natives, were 
 tliose of the seaottcr, the wolf, and the bear. The 
 horn of a wild goat, and tanned skins of the elk, 
 were i.lso seen by the French voyagers. A water 
 and a musk rat were by M. de Lamanon taken alive. 
 The spccicei of birds which are not here many j but; 
 the inilivlduals of each species are sulllciently nume- 
 rous. i5|!Hi"ro\vs, niglilingalcs, black- birds, and 
 yellow-hammers, filled the thickets, singing with w 
 deii^^luful melody, 'ihc white-headed eagle and 
 the great raven were seen hovering aloft in the 
 ./ir. A beautiful blue jay, v\iih some humming 
 birds, attracted the notice of the strangers. ihey 
 killed a kiug-fishei-. 'I h^ nests of the swallow ami 
 the black oyster»catcliev were observed in the clilVs 
 oF the r.)cks on the seashore. The only sea-fowls 
 seen, were, the red footed guillemot, gulls, cor- 
 morants, wild gceie, and divers, of b')th the large 
 and small species, I'hs deep vales among these 
 
63 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGi: 
 
 *f1 
 
 mountains, present views so frin;htfully picturesque, 
 that, were they not at this remote extremity of the 
 earth, they could not fail to attract the curious vi- 
 sits of all who admire the beauties and the wonders 
 of external nature. The mountains have their bases 
 in the sea j form a sort of quay upon the shore j 
 and thence ascend with an acclivity so rapid and 
 precipitous, that even the wild goats cannot climb 
 them above the first two or three hundred toises of 
 their hei^^ht. Ice and snows fill the interjacent gul- 
 lies. No trees nor other plnnts overspread these 
 mountains. Granites and schistus compose their 
 strata. These are the great primitive mountains. 
 Secondary mountains, of inferior elevation, form the 
 sides of the harbour. Of tliese the height is not 
 more than fmm 8co to 900 toises. Pines rise over 
 their sides j and beneath is a carpet of verdure. 
 They are not absolutely inaccessible, yet extreme- 
 ly dilHcult to be climbed. i he snow appears only 
 on their summits. The French naturalists, with 
 infinite fatigue, made their way almost to tiie tops 
 of these secondary mountains. But it was in the 
 vales, they souglii their specimens of the different 
 matters comijosiir,, . Uc stiata or interspersed amnn^ 
 them. Ochre ; cupraccous pyrites j garnets, 'ttle, 
 large, and pertcctly curystalliztd ; schorl in ci.rys- 
 tal<: ; granite; schibtus *, horn-stone*, pure quaitz j 
 mica ; plmnbago ; and c>.als ; .ere the different mi- 
 nerals of which their collections exhibited speci- 
 mens. 
 
 No sooner had the two frigates been fixed at an- 
 chor near to the isle, which was mentioned above 5 
 
 th; 
 
 tie 
 
 ha 
 
 sai 
 
 of 
 
 no: 
 
 ful 
 
 wi 
 
 an 
 
 to 
 
 ge: 
 
 IS 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 69 
 
 than the voyagers turned themselves to form a set- 
 tlement on that isle, for the time of their stay in the 
 harbour. J'hey picched tents for their smitlis and 
 sail-makers j and took out the casks from the holds 
 of the ships to bz there refitted. The Indians had 
 none of ihtir ha!)itaticn3 on the Isle. Here, there- 
 fure, it was juppor^ed that their thefts mi^ht be 
 without quarrel or violence, av»)ided. Some fire- 
 arms an-.l artillery were discharged ia their presence, 
 to convince them, that, however lenient, the stran- 
 gers were suiHcient.y powerful to repress and to pu- 
 nish injury. Whatever might happen, it was deter- 
 mined to employ no force against the natives j but, 
 to excite the vij^Ilance of the crews, M. de la Pey- 
 rouse settled, that the men who suffered a loss by 
 the theft of the Indians, should be punished for that 
 negligence, by which the theft had been allowed to 
 take eiTcct. Bat the avidity and ingenuity of the 
 natives, often defeated all these precautions. At 
 one time, in particular, they landed Irt.mi their ca- 
 noei 0:1 the isle, by nig'nt j stole through the woods, 
 gliding like adders on their bellies, uttering not a 
 whisper, scarcely stirring a Icafj made iheir way, 
 unobserved, through h guaid of 12 soldiers into a 
 tent, in which M- srs de Liuii!>ton and Darbaud, 
 the omcera of tin. guard, i ly asleep j took away 
 the Clothes of these t.- o gentkmen fiom under their 
 piilovvi, without awakening ihtm ; and convened 
 this booty, together with a musket mounted with 
 silver, and a memorandum book of aslionumical ob- 
 >«rvatio:'.s, olT in ptrftct ifcty, and unuetecttd. 
 l he horil^ in the mean time, caiiied wood and wa- 
 
^J 
 
 ^> !^a^ 
 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 '"// ^^ c* ^ \# % 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 Vi m 122 
 
 ^ u 
 
 L25 
 
 K |J4 
 
 
 /. 
 
 7 
 
 /A 
 
 Photo^Tdphic 
 
 Sciences 
 Coiporatio;i 
 
 ■»3 WIST M. 
 
 IN ITMIT 
 
 V I4SI0 
 3-4)03 
 
70 
 
 LA r E Y R U S E ■• S VOYAGE 
 
 ter on board theshipy; ; and fiifferent workin'r pnr- 
 ties were emiiloyed in the di1:j;ent perforrmrce of 
 all the necessary Inbours. INTcssrs dc Monnprou 
 anil F( riiizet, with ;in armed company of the sailors 
 and soldiers, p,!- ccedcd in a boat to explore the 
 bay. "^I'liev lot ,.■ d w'lli nwc :it the f^rand appenr- 
 nncts wh'rh nature cxbi'iitrd lovvarcls its bottom. 
 A b:is<Mi ot" •ii-f.'.'loniabl'j depth, surrounded by 
 snow covered mountains of un elevation to uh'ch 
 the eye feared to e x i!t its raze j no breath of r.ir 
 runi'i g the surface of thff.e waters ; nought disturb- 
 in;; the awcTul calm and ?ilencc, save from lime to 
 time the fall of enormous masses of ire, from those 
 icy piles which tirose amid^.t tlic mountain*; : 'I'hcse 
 nvtre the circumi-tances of awful sublimity, which 
 heie presented theniF'-lves to the im.ifrinati m of the 
 beholders. Fiom th s bason, the French vovatjers 
 wished to penetrate farther, hopinjj that it mi/^ht 
 communicate \vith simc channel', which would con- 
 duct lh"m into the interior parts of Amciica. A 
 Western chnnnel cpened'bcfoie them. They enter- 
 ed it ) and proceeJed till their course was interrupt- 
 ed by dreadful piles of ioc nv.d snows. An eastern 
 channel wis with ^inlilar care explored, and uilh 
 just the satne success. Their next transaction was 
 no le^s than the purchase of the isle, on which they 
 had set up their observatory. A Chief, pretendin^r 
 to be its proprietor, offered them to make sale of 
 it. IM.de lii Peyronie accepiin ; the off* r, Rave 
 Mm in payment of his r'/^hr, s( ver.il ells of red cloth, 
 hatchets, knive^, bar iron, and n;iils. Possev-.ion 
 wan then taken of the isle I v the rrcr.cli with thfl 
 
ROUND llIC \VOK.LU. 
 
 7* 
 
 
 wonted formalities. A bottle, nifh an apt inscrip- 
 tion, was burled at the fuot of a rock j and near to 
 it was Liid a bronze mednl, ouc of a c llfction wliicli 
 I\I. dc la Pcyrousc h id, for sucli puip.ises, brouj^ht 
 from France. Almost all the objects for which our 
 voya;;ers had halted in this b;iy, were now accom- 
 plished. No disaster had hcfillen them Not a 
 man of the two ship's co'iipanies was jjis yet sick, or, 
 In any dci^ree, aillicted with the scurvy. 1 hey 
 deemed tiiemsclvcs the most fortunate of navigators. 
 ]3ut a fatal misfortU"c was just about to overtake 
 theui. 
 
 Several soundings of the waters in the bay were 
 necessary to complete the draft of Messrs de Monne- 
 ron and Bernlzi.t. 'I'o make these sounding's, a num- 
 ber of the olUccrs set out, in the plnnuce of L' As- 
 trolabe, commanded by M. de Marcljainville ^ in the 
 pinnace of La Bou;isole, under the orders of M. 
 d'n.sciirts J and in the bar<re behinj^fing to La Uuus- 
 licle, of which M. Boutin had the command. La 
 Piyrouse, with a solicitude the advices of which 
 i\L d'JLscuKs could not hear with patience, recom- 
 incn<lrd to him and the other olllccrs t < proceed with 
 the utmost caution., on this little expedition. '1 ho* 
 it was to occupy but a few hours, he even delivered 
 out his orders in writing to d Kscuieti. The boats 
 set out at 6 o'clock in the morning. With views 
 as well of piciisui'c as of i;)<-tructive cn«|niry, the 
 parlies wlio went in them, liUcnded to itunt and to 
 breuktast under tiie trees. After duuiUing the 
 western part of the isle, near to which the frigates 
 ^'ctc at anchor, the gentlemen iti ihc boats percciv- 
 
74 
 
 LA PLYROUSES VOYAGE 
 
 cd, tliat ihc sea broke over all the channel wliich 
 they were sent to explore, with a violence that 
 would m^kc it fatally dangerous to approach it. M. 
 d'Escures, in the pinnace of La Boussolc, led the 
 way on one side ; M. Boutin^ in the long-boat be- 
 longing to the same frigate, followed him. At some 
 inconsiderable distance sailed the pinnace of L' Astro- 
 labe, under the command of Marchainville. At a 
 quarter past seven, the two boats of La Boussole 
 were within two cables length of the channel, iiud- 
 denly, they perceived themselves to be drifted by 
 the ebbing tide ; and immediately, bdth the boat* 
 began to retire, with all possible haste, from tlie 
 channel, and to turn away to tiie northward. Still, 
 they supposed themselves to be in no serious dan- 
 ger j since, by gaining 20 toises on either hand, they 
 might easily run their boats on shore. After row- 
 ing more than a minute, to surmount the tide, they 
 endeavoured, the pinnace to approach the western, 
 the long boat to approacii the eastern shore, but 
 hoth alike without success. Again, they turned to 
 the northward, to escape, if possiMc, the hteahcrs 
 which threatened thtm. In thl> situation, M. Bou- 
 tin endeavoured to stny his boat, by dropping the 
 gr( f>neL It did i.ot fix on the bottom, but its cord 
 being un^a^tened at the end wliich remained in tlie 
 boat, it was instantly lost *, «nd by its loss the boat 
 was happily delivered from a weight which mii'ht 
 have loon after proved latally inconvenient. Ihc 
 pinnace, in the mean time, was iuvolvcd amid the 
 OnaLvis, She was drawn into the current. 'I'hosc 
 in the lujig bvat quickly lost sight of her. 6hc was 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 73 
 
 ■h.tt 
 
 |)k1 
 
 he 
 
 >nt 
 
 'ht. 
 
 I'lic 
 
 \he 
 
 he 
 
 [as 
 
 overwhelmed amid tlie billows, nnd w^s with her 
 crew utterly lost. Her fate had been perceived at 
 a distance by IM. de Marchainville : and the crew 
 of the boat of L*Astrulabe, hurrying into tlie midst 
 of the danger, to aid their perishing comrades, were 
 like them, unhappily swallowed up amidst the break- 
 ers. Boutin, even after he saw himself surround- 
 ed by dangers almost insurmountable, was still for 
 some moments ready to rush in the long-boat to the 
 assistance of his friends, at the risk of sharing their 
 fate. But the sense of duty interposing, determin- 
 ed him to mike ev( ry clfort in order to save ll.t; 
 crew entrusted to his command. For this purpose, 
 he made his sailors, in the interval of the hreakinj^ 
 of the seas, to />//// flwv/v witli the oars to the s far- 
 hoard. At 2\ minutes after seven, he was fortu- 
 nately out of all danger. He now made the water 
 to be ha/cd out of the boat •, and again turned him- 
 self to discover whether his unfortunate ship. mates 
 miglit not yet survive, and whetlier lie might not 
 ytt carry them relief. 'I'o the southward, he could 
 l)ercelve some seals nnd sea-weeds, the appearance 
 of which gave him still lome faint hc^ies. At three 
 quarters after 8 o'clock, the tide hud turned, and 
 
 the I 
 
 )rcakers 
 
 had 
 
 ceasec 
 
 Ag. 
 
 iin lie rencwc( 
 
 I th< 
 
 search ; but Mill without success. His crew were 
 now cold, dicnchcd with water, hungry, and with- 
 out provisiots. He had neither <^raf)nri nor sails 
 for the managemrnt of the boat. He was therefore 
 obliged to return into the bay. Some Indians, whom 
 be perceived on the shore, expressed to him, by 
 signal^ that they had seen the two boats perish. 
 
u 
 
 LA PKVnOU.^F, S VOVAGE 
 
 Still, however, he would not forego the hope, that 
 he mic^ht perhaps find M. dc Marchainvlllc, with the 
 boat of L'Astrolahe, to have returned to the ships. 
 " Have you any new? of M. de Marchainville ?" 
 was his first enquiry, the moment he arrived on 
 board. ** No,'* was the answer j and it made his 
 despair complete. The disconsolate horror with 
 Tvhich the news of this misfortune was received on 
 board the frigates, mny be easier conceived than ex- 
 pressed. This was the first misfortune our voyagers 
 ii id cncyntUered during their enterpriz*^. It depriv- 
 ed them iA some of their most accomplished ofFicers 
 and dearest companions. It had happened, after e- 
 very possible precaution had been employed to avert 
 It : For the soundings of the channel hnd been be- 
 fore mule, and the force of the breaking billows, 
 on dilVerent days, observed, with a care which m;ikes 
 it improbable, that, but for an extraordinary nve// 
 on this particular day, the danger which proved so 
 fatal, could have been incurred. The Indians, in 
 their canoes, soon visited the frigates, to give in- 
 formation that they had seen tlie two boats perish, 
 without being able to aiTord them assistance. The 
 disconsolate strangers loaded their infoimers with 
 presents, and gave them to understand that he who 
 should have saved a single man, wouU have been 
 thought worthy to be rewarded with all their wealth, 
 JMessrs de J^anglc and Dc Clonard, attended by nil 
 the otliccrs, and a number of other person', hasten- 
 ed away to explore those parts of the coast to which 
 it was not improbable that some parts of the wreck 
 might perchance be driven. Their scnrch was vain. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 7S 
 
 Tliey returned without liaving discovered either a 
 single surviving man or any of the dead bodies. 
 The Indlar', too, in ho^jcs of new presents, spread 
 themselves round the bay, and made every possible 
 rc.«<earch ; but with the same ill success. An empty 
 monument was erected to the memory of those who 
 had perished, by the sorrowful aiTcclion of their 
 surviving comp;niions : and to the \s\s on which it 
 was raised, they gave the naiv,e of CiiNotaph Isle. 
 After some days, the ln:lians brought them some 
 fragments of the broken boats j but nothing more. 
 
 [ca 
 rh. 
 Inll 
 :n- 
 IcU 
 ck 
 
 Thcfol/owi'ig are the names of the q/Jiccrs^ ioldiersy 
 atid ioi/ors, -who were lost m tt)e two boats on the tyh 
 ofji^fy I7y6» ^i <* quarter after sivcu o'clock in the 
 niormng. 
 
 Messrs d'Escures, de Plerrevert, de Montarnal, 
 Officehls .— Le Maitre,y$"rj//)//W j Lieutot, eorporai 
 and cockswain ; Prieur, Fraichot, Bolet, Henry, 
 Chaub, soJJiers ;— -all these, both otFiccrs and com- 
 mon men, belonging to La Eoiisbole. 
 
 From D Aitrolabe ;— -Messrs de la Rordc M;ir- 
 chainvlUe \ de la liorde Boutervilliers \ Flassan, 
 Officf.rs : — and of these the two former were bro- 
 thers :— Soulas, corpural and cockswain ; riiiiiby ^ 
 Julicn Ic Penn j Pierre Rabicr, so/ditrs :— Tlioma* 
 Andrleuse; Goulver Tarrcau j Guillaumc Duqcsncj 
 young men in the ilowcr of thqir age, und captain^ 
 
 of the to/>s» 
 
 G 2 
 
 II n. 
 
^6 
 
 LA P E Y R O U S F ' S V (^ Y \ C, h 
 
 (.If A i> r i: i< 11 1' iMf. 
 
 .VARRATIVK OF THIC VOYAGK COVTINt'ItD, TROM TH K HR- 
 (rlNNTNO «[■• AUGUST TO TIIK END OF b K I'T KMC KR, 1786 : 
 PROGRK&S DOWN THE N. W. COAST OK AMERICA, IKOM 
 JCRT DE FRANCOIS TO AJONTilREV :— DISCOVER lEd AND 
 OBSERVATION'S ON THE rOAST : — DESCRIPTION OV THE 
 I!AY OF MONTF.REY : — A STR ONOMIC A L OBSERVATIONS : 
 — SKETCil or TMF TKESENT STATE OF THK TWO CALI- 
 JURNIAS, &C. 
 
 Tnii Frencli voyngeis were now anxious to hasten 
 a'.vay from a scene of so much misfortune. Much 
 prudent consideration was necessary in fixing tlie 
 jilin of their next coarse. They were to trace tlic 
 outline of the American coast to the southward j 
 und it was at the same time requisite that they 
 slunild manage so, as to arrive at Manilla about the 
 end of January •, at China, in tlie course of Februa- 
 ry. It was settled, that they should p;o into har- 
 bour no where but at Monterey. A promotion was 
 ■mudc among the oliicers, to till up the places of those 
 who liad perished. It w is settled, with the consent 
 t)f thf ollicers and }»ass<ii;',ers, that the furs whicli 
 h.ld beea obtained, .should be sold at China for the 
 sole henelit of the sailors j antl M. da Frcsne was, 
 for that purpose, appointed supercargo. In tlic first 
 ^y hours of their renewed couisc, the winds blew so 
 f'-iintly, that they were able to advance only 6 leaj:;ue!i. 
 
 'rh< 
 
 it) 
 
 cir procuress was witi-.pi i^ or 4 lea;;ues distance 
 from the cuast : but the weather was ffloomy ; and 
 
ROUND THE X^OALI>. 
 
 11 
 
 rst 
 |«;o 
 
 they had only an imperfect view of the mountains 
 and low grounds. This coast had been before exa- 
 mined by Cooit ; and as his accuracy could require 
 but little correction, M. de la Peyrouse was there- 
 fore willing to run along as rapidly as possible. He 
 looked in vain for the pretended moulli of the ^r- 
 cbif)elago of St La7ARUS of the Spanish admiral 
 FuENTCs. Fogs, rains, and calms, continued from 
 the day on which they set sail, until noon on the 4th 
 of August. They were then in 57° 45' N. Lat. 
 and at the distance of 3 leagues from the land. 
 
 At 4 o^clock, P. iVI. on the same day, the fog.^ 
 cleared up, and our voyagers could perfectly d(stiu» 
 guish the entrance of Cross Sound •, which seems to 
 form two very deep bays, and aflords, possibly, good 
 anchorage for shipping. The loftiest range of snow- 
 covcreii mountains, rising from 130010 14CO toises 
 in height, has its termination at Cross bound. The 
 lands become here lower, and are to the very sum- 
 mits overgrown with wood •, yet still retain a moun- 
 tainous character. At r.anset, M. de la Peyrouse 
 found himself opi)osite to the western point of Cross 
 Sound. l he frigates continued to run along the 
 coast at 3 leagues of distance fromh. Fogs covered 
 the mountains ; but the hiwlands wore, at intervale, 
 distinctly visible. The progress was slow, for in 24 
 hours they had not advanced more than jo leagues. 
 At day-break, on the fifih, they found themselves 
 opposite to a Cape, southu-ard from the entrance of 
 Cross Sound, to which they gave the name of Cape 
 Cross. A multitude of low wooded islets now ap- 
 peared before them : The middle ground e.xUibiud 
 
 G3 
 
78 
 
 LA r E V R O II S E ' S \' O Y A G b" 
 
 high hills : '^I'he snow-covcrcd mountains were no 
 longer seen. Ajiproacliiiii;- these iskts, till he coui»l 
 discern fiom the deck the breakers on the coast, La 
 Peyrouse discovert ti several passages of which he 
 thought it probable that they might alTord good 
 roadsteOils. 
 
 On the 6th, tlie weather becoming somewhat 
 
 clearer, permitted liim to ob^eivc the sun's altiliule, 
 
 and hence to compare the tuic time with liiat wlilch 
 
 was inLiicated by liieir linic-keepers : Tliey were i:i 
 
 N. Lat. 1,7'^ 1^' 40" in longitude between 130" and 
 
 J 40". At 7 in the evening, th< y could still pciceivc 
 
 IMoi'NT Cmllon, healing nuitli ()(>" west. IVIoi'N'v 
 
 Sr Hyacinth, bearing nuvtii 7S" east, and Capk Kn- 
 
 tiANNO, east 10'* south. Cape ii.n-.yai)P.o is a low lau.i, 
 
 covered with trees, and jutting tor a great way out 
 
 into the sea. Mount .St ll);iciinh rises beyond it, 
 
 in the form of a truncated c jue, round at the top, 
 
 and elevated to the height of about 200 toises. 
 
 I'rom tile north and south of Eiiganno, the coast it* 
 
 bordered with islets lor a sjnice of lo leagues. At 
 
 JO o'clock in the morning, they had passed all these 
 
 isles. At 6 in the evening they perceived a Cape 
 
 opposite to them, in a N. \L. direction, which ran a* 
 
 good way to the westward. To this Cape M. cIjc 
 
 la Fcyrou.ve gave the name of Capu rscmiuKovv, ia 
 
 honour to tiic Rusvian navigator of this name, who,. 
 
 In the year 1741, landed nejirly on this part of the 
 
 American coast, i'o a large and deep Hay, lyinj* 
 
 eastward behind the Ca]>e, I'eyrouse gave also the 
 
 unme of TsrHiRiKow Hay. At 7 in the evening* 
 
 they pttrccivd ^ groupe of j Iblets, unnaticcd by for* 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 7f 
 
 
 IT 
 
 mer na vibrators. To these was ^iven the name of 
 La Croyi:re Islands. During the whole of the 8tW 
 the wind continued to blow favourably from the 
 west. The found thenKelves to be in 55" 39' 31'"' 
 N. Lat. ill 1:^7" 3' 2V' W. Lontr. Many openings 
 between some considerable ishinds, wcrc> in varicu.s 
 directions, visible to them 5 but the continent w>is at 
 such a distance as to be beyond thf>ir sight. I'hi-; 
 range of isles begins 4 leagues S. E,. from Cape 
 Tschirikovv, and probably extends as far as to Cape 
 i lector. l he currents near them are very strong, 
 even at 3 leagu;;s distance the frigates felt their in- 
 lluences. In this quarter lies Pokt BuccA?.ELLr, so 
 named by Maurelle, a Spanisli pilot, wiio visiteii 
 these coasts. At 7 o'clock in the rn;)rning of the 
 9th, our voyagers, continuing to run along at 3 
 leagues of distance from the land, approached the 
 St Carlos isles. Of these, the most considerable 
 lies in a direction from S. E. to N. W. and is a» 
 bout 2 leagues in circumference. Other lower 
 islets lie beyond it, farther within the channel. Op- 
 posite to these isles, exactly at noon on the 9lh, ly.i 
 Peyrouse found himself to be in 54" 48' N. Lat. itv 
 J36" 19' W. Long. A breeze arose with consider- 
 able force from the W. N. W. he endeavoured to 
 approach the land j and at half past 7 o'clock in the 
 evening, was less than a league from the coast : bu't- 
 ihc shore was so much covered with fogs, and the. 
 billows appeared to brcAk against it with so mucli. 
 of dangerous violence, that he soon found it neccs- 
 Trary to />/// ahouf^ and wait fv)r clearer weather. 
 During the night between the lOtli aud the nth of 
 
 r 
 
 •/"I 
 
Mo 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 August the fogs tliickentd, and the winds blew with 
 violence. Our voyagers tached and stood off the 
 shore \ they approached the land about day-break r 
 but the fogs still continued •, and it was impossible 
 to obtain a sufficiently distinct view of the outline 
 of the coast. For several days successively the fogs 
 still continued ; on the morning of the 15th, the 
 weather cleared up. They approached the coast, 
 and perceived its extension to lie from N. N. E. to 
 S. S. E. They were soon again inveloped by the 
 fogs. The i^lh was calm throughout the day. On 
 the 18th, at noon, they were within a league and a 
 half of the shore, 'I'hey ran along it at this dis- 
 tance, till a Bay was discovered, which appeared to 
 enter deep into the country, and to which they gave 
 the name of Dc la Touche Bay. From the 55" to 
 the 33" the sea was covered with divers, of that spe- 
 cies which has been named by BufFon, the viacareux 
 of Kamschknlka ; the colour of the body of these 
 fowls is black ) the beak and feet are red 5 on the 
 head are two white stripes rising into tufts like those 
 of the cockatoo. These fowls never wander farther 
 than 5 or 6 leagues from the land. On the evening 
 of the 19th, while the horizon was very clear, a 
 Cape was discovered, which appeared to terminate 
 the American coast. To this Cape, M. de la Pcy- 
 touse gave the name of Cape Hector. ', beyond it 
 appeared 4 or 5 islets, which he denominated Ke- 
 ROWART Isles. Ihc latitude of Cape Hector is in 
 51° S7' ^o" N. and its longitude, according to the 
 time-keepers of the frigntts, in 13.1° 37' VV. Oa 
 the 2 1 St, at noon, thry were in jz" i' N. Lat. in 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 81 
 
 13^*^ 7' 31" W. I.onnr. and they here sounded, with- 
 out being able to find any bottom. 'Ihc breadth ot' 
 the gulph, which tliey perceived to intervene between 
 Cape Plector and an isle, the farthest to the S. E. of 
 the new group, to whxh they gave the name of Cai'e 
 JfLEURiEu, appeared to be about 30 leagues. Beyond 
 this group of isles, v>-as the Continent perceived. 
 Its primitive mountains, covered over with snow, des- 
 titute of wood, and towering up into lofty peaks, 
 seemed to lie more th;n 50 leafiruerf backward, at 
 their points of highest elevation, into the interior 
 country. In comparison vwith these mountains, only 
 inferior hills had been seen from Cross Sound, thus 
 far along the coast. Advancing onunrds, they 
 passed nigh sevt rai clusters of islcs ; upon which, 
 however, not a buih nor sl^rub was to be acen. I'o 
 these clusters ^sas given the na'ue of i3AKri>E Isles. 
 Hav'iiig paiS-d these islcs, they agulu Jtoce/ toward 
 the continent j they could not now distinguisli the 
 tops of the mountains, but very distinclly saw the 
 low lands. 
 
 On the 23th, our voyagers continued to proceed 
 eastward towards Noo tka Sound. They had before 
 observed the Woody Point of Cook to be precisely 
 in 50'^ 4' N. Lat. an4 in 13:^" 23' W. Long, a posi- 
 tion somewhat dlifcrcnt fiom that assigned to it by 
 Coojc. A thick fog obscured from their view the 
 land of Ncoika. On the ..8th, at 5 o'clock in the 
 evening, they found themselves opposite to Cock's 
 BR.t:AK.[.Rs Point. On the 1st of September, at 
 noon, they came within sight of a point or cape 
 which bore N. N. 1£. from tliem about tea leagues. 
 
 /^ 
 
$2 
 
 LA PEY rouse's VOYAGE 
 
 The land extended eastward j but the fogs cover- 
 ed all its projecting parts. The cunents upon 
 these coasts run strong j and the frigates had fre- 
 quently to make their way through whirlpools. 
 7'hey continued to sail along the coast, in circum- 
 stances nearly similar to tho^e which have been de- 
 tailed, till they came into 42° 58' S^" N. Lat. 127° 
 }i' 20" W. Long. Here, at about a league's distance 
 from Cape Blanco, they observed nine little rocky 
 islets opposite to them, to which they were induced 
 to give the denomination of NECKAa's Isles. Pro- 
 ceeding along the land at three or four leagues dis- 
 tance, they could perceive only the tops of the 
 mountains rising above the clouds. Continuing to 
 steer to the southward, they found the skies less 
 clear than in the mure northern latitudes A vol- 
 canoe on the top of a mountain, burning with a very 
 lively flame, attracted their notice, as they sailed 
 on. On the 8lh of September, the atmosphere 
 cleared up, and they could again discern the distant 
 tops of the mountains •, but the weather became 
 continually wi rse, and fogs continually impeded 
 their endeavours to explore the outline of the coast. 
 They knew themselves to be near to the Bay of 
 Monterey j they approached within a leigue of 
 the shore, and could very distinctly sec the billows 
 breaking upon it, 'J'hey were now actually within 
 Monterey Bay j but the haziness of the weather mad* 
 it still impossible for them to recognise the Spanish 
 scttUmcnt. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of the 
 14th of September, they came within sight of Fort 
 MoNTLREY, and perceived two tluec masted vcsscU 
 
ist. 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 Ivvs 
 
 liin 
 
 Ish 
 
 at 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 Sj 
 
 lying In the rond •, adverse wtnds obliged them to 
 come to an anchor at the distance of two leacjaes 
 from the shore. Rut, on the day follov^ing, they 
 approached uithin two cables len^ih of the land, 
 and cast anchor in water which was twelve fathoms 
 deep. This they were enabled to do by the direc- 
 tion of pilots, who, during the ni^iit, had been sent 
 out to thera from the shore. In the whole course 
 from Port de Francois, even amiJst the thickest fogs, 
 the two frigates lia I always sailed sulViciently near 
 to be able to hail one another, till they came to the 
 bay of Monterey. 
 
 New Year Point, to the North, the Point of 
 Cyprus, to the South, form the Bay of Monterey : Its 
 breadth between these two points is about 8 leagues j 
 it descend nearly 6 leigues eastward into the coun- 
 try J and Vi bounded at its bottom by low sandy 
 grounds. N. and S. from the b.iv, the lands are 
 high and tvooded. Under the full and tlie chang- 
 ing moon, the Howing tide is at its height, at half 
 pnst one o'clock. As tiic bay is very open, 
 ^\\^t current in it is nearly imperceptible. Whales 
 sport in it in prodigious numbers, surround the 
 ships ^\ilh the greatc-.t fuulliarity, and spout out 
 streams of water, which iiilect,the air with their 
 no some stench. Togs contiiuially overhang these 
 co'ists J and occasion dilHculty in the appro, ich to ti 
 
 hli M'c which wuu 
 
 Id ot 
 
 icrvvise be very easi 
 
 ly and 
 
 suf ly accessi!)lc, Peli':.uis, birds which never go 
 f irihor th.ui 3 or 6 leagues f. oni the land, are nu- 
 
 merous in uns 
 
 bay. 
 
 A liciutnant'Colnntl, the Spanish govcrnov of 
 the Califoini.ts, h,t< his residence at Monterey. 
 
 / 
 
e-j 
 
 LA P F. Y R U S E S \' Y A C E 
 
 His government extends over a territory not less 
 tluin 8o3 lea»;ue.s in circumference. Yet 282 sol- 
 diers of Spanisli cavalry are tlie only persons actual- 
 ly subject to its authority. This small military force 
 IS distributed into garrisons occupying 4 or 5 difter- 
 ent forts, and into detncbments of four or five men 
 to every one of five and twenty parishes, into which 
 the wl-.ole territory is sub-divided. About 50.000 
 ■wandering Indians arc easily kept in awe by this 
 :>mall military force : but of those Indians, nearly 
 10,C00 have embraced the Chribti.in religion. Lo- 
 retto, the only presidency of C)ld California, is on 
 the eastern coast of this peninsula j its garrison con- 
 sists of 54 dragoons. There belong to it I ; mis- 
 jijons or parishes, of whitli the duties are performed 
 by Dominican friars. The long apostltship of the 
 Jesuits, and the Frsinciscans, has converted and col- 
 lected together about 4,0':o Indians in these 15 i)a- 
 rishes. Of the Northern California, St Diego, the 
 oldest settlement, was first established on the C)i\\ 
 of July I'Tx;. IMontercy, now t'ne capital of the 
 two Calirornias, is an c>;iablislimcnt not older than 
 the year 1770. Tiic Kond of Monterey, ^^as, in. 
 deed, before known, and orc.islonally visited by tlic 
 gnlleon.s from Manilla. Tiiii following are the names 
 of t'-.c surrounding missions, and of the presidencies 
 %vhlch have since been established in these parts. 
 ]t i», however, proper, first to ^bseivt, that llie 
 Spaniards give the name of Presidency to any fort 
 situate in Pii infidel country, ^vhclhcr Africa or A* 
 m:rira. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 s. 
 
 ** 
 
 lie 
 
 lie 
 
 an 
 
 Ill- 
 
 he 
 
 lies 
 
 II Cb 
 
 lis. 
 
 he 
 
 »rl 
 
 jl 
 
 cr. (^ z/i fir. (r> (j^ U) en en fifi 
 
 
 .,,,-,,, W^ &3 M W^ M^ a P W &J M 
 
 -1 
 
 D3D3333333 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 C ►- 3 vn 
 
 c- 
 
 TJ S' . 
 
 &" 
 
 ^rf • w 
 
 5 
 
 . 1 3 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 C/» in en cfi t> 
 
 l: 
 
 h) |u P W h-^ 
 
 ■S-s? 
 
 1— -• i-H — -• ^* r* "-^ >—• o 
 
 B 03 3 w::^:?^3 3 3 
 
 .T ^ i 3 ^ 
 ^ « o o 
 
 5.? 
 
 . O* • ni»«tQ, 1 • 
 
 CJ ^ 
 
 ,, .«••• !/«••• 
 
 
 
 •■» ^t 
 
 M *- 00'>J t^i *0 M ta. to. OJ 
 
 ? 
 
 rr '^ Si 3* r» "^ r* 
 
 ^ >■> r^ ^ '^ ^ ^ en ar*— -< 
 
 l•^ 
 
 
 l^. 
 
 s 
 
 ^ 3 a 3 ^"5 3-^ 
 
 
 . « ST "^ - '-^ m 
 • <-i 5 1 - "I 
 
 >i 
 
 * -t * . . « . . 
 
 » 
 
 "• 
 
 I 
 
 •^1 ^T ^T «vT ^1 -^1 ^I ^J ^1 ^f 
 
 ft 
 
 0>"^l *-i (JO 30-» -J --I ^1 --t 
 
 ■ 
 
 No CN - CA t^ ON^ K» - O 
 
 
 •r ' 
 
86 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAOK 
 
 These missions and presidencies are supported at 
 a great cxpence, for the purpose of civilizinir the 
 Indians. The regular clergy, to whose management 
 they have been intrusted, are understood to dis- 
 charge their respective functions with the greatest 
 piety, alacrity, and fidelity. But the Indians are 
 treated by them rather as children than as persons 
 of mature undeistanding. In the churches arc cx- 
 Iiibitcd paintings of hell and of heaven, such as seem 
 to be adapted powerfully to strike the senses of a 
 rude and simple people. Tiic men and women arc 
 nssetnblcd to church, to woik, and to all their exer- 
 
 cises. 
 
 by tl 
 
 ic snunc; 
 
 1 of a bell ; while one of the Fa- 
 
 thers still conducts and directs tlicm. Fetters, the 
 stocks, the strokes of \ whip, are so many modes of 
 jnuushment to which their religious and moral de- 
 linquencies are, by these their spiritual f.itlurs, sub- 
 jected. Seven liours in the d «y are allotted to la- 
 bour, two hours to prayers. A new convert, from 
 among the heathen Indians, if once received into the 
 society of thc->c christianized Indians, is never aL',niti 
 suffered to make his cscnpe ; but, upon any such at- 
 tempt, never fails to be pursued, hunted out, and 
 lirought bark to condign punishment. The Chii«;- 
 tian Indians arc obliged to rise with the sun ■, an 
 hour is then dedicated to the services of mass and 
 ]»rayers. A IjreakFast of barley meal awaits them 
 nt their icturn from the service. It is boiled in wa- 
 ter ; the Indians give this fjod the name of nto/i- ; 
 and, tlunigh it be unsen'oncd with either butter or 
 silt, ate e.vtiemely fond of it. It is prepared iti 
 three large kettles in \\\z mividlc of the s<iunre," 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 8/ 
 
 iti 
 
 The family of every dld'crent hut sends a vessel 
 HKidc of bark, to receive its portion of tlie mess j 
 that which remains on the bottom of the kettles, af- 
 ter all the families have been served, is distributed 
 to those of the children who best repeat their les- 
 sons from the catechism. Afier consuming; three 
 quaiters of an hour at breakfast, tlic Indians betake 
 themselves to their labours for the day. Sume go 
 to plow the /ground in the fields with oxen j others, 
 to dijt^j in the gardens j the women manage the af- 
 fairs of the households, take care of their children, 
 parch and j,'rind into meal the difF. rent grains. At 
 noon, the hour of dinner is announced by the sounti 
 of ihc bell ; the Indians no^v a^aln receive their 
 portions out of a quantity of food which has been 
 prepared for them in common •, their usual dinner 
 disli is named by \.hcm /toussu/cy and dift'crs fiom tliat 
 which they had to breakfast, only in being tiiicker, 
 
 and in having corn, mAi/;e, pease and beans, intcr- 
 mln'rled in it. At 2 o'clock they return from their 
 cal to their 1 ibour. Their work now continues 
 
 ui 
 
 till the hour of 4 or 5 in the evening. They then 
 attend evening prayers nearly for an hour. A new 
 distribution of ato/e, forms their supper j and the 
 day thus closes. Under the missionaries are ap- 
 pointed cavifiucsy or magistrates, from among the In- 
 dians themselves j but these are passive instrument* 
 in the hands of the ecclesiastical rulers, whose pro- 
 vince extends to little else but the inlliction of pu- 
 
 tt 
 
 is!\ment. Rewards are occasionally bestowed •, 
 whicli consist in »:xtraordinary distributions of tlesii 
 or of meal. The men are often permitted to hunt 
 
 H 2 
 
Jj8 
 
 LA PEYROUSE S VOTAGE 
 
 an 
 
 d fish. 
 
 eacii 
 
 for h 
 
 IS own private use. 
 
 Tl 
 
 ic women 
 
 rear fowls round their huts j and are wont, very 
 properly, to pjlvc their e,[('c;s to their chil Iren. The 
 fowls, the cloihc-, the litilc articles of household 
 lurniture, are the property respectively of the In- 
 dians who possess them. These people have no o- 
 ther doors to their huts than simple bundles of str.uv. 
 Yet no instances of toert-have ever occurred among 
 thcni. The unconveitcd Indians are polygam- 
 ists. Embracing Christianity, tlioref .is, they must 
 facrliice whatever may be the supposed advantages 
 of that licentious mode of intercourse with the fe- 
 nii.lc Gcx. The missionaries act us vigilant guardians 
 of female virtue. An hour after supper, they shut 
 up, under lock and key, all the young girls who are 
 above nine years of age, and all the married women 
 whose husbands are absent duiing the day : the ma- 
 trons superintend the conduct of the young girls. 
 Violations of chastity, from time to time, take place, 
 in spite of all these precautions. 1 he dress even of 
 these converted Indians is still extremely simple : 
 the richest wear a cloak of otters skin, which co- 
 vers the loins, and dts-. ends below the groin j those 
 who arc poorer and more lazy, have only a small 
 cloak of rabbits skins to cover their shoulders, with 
 a piece of linen cloth, with which they arc supplied 
 by the missionaries, to hide their nakedncsi, borne 
 indeed have hats of straw, very neatly plaited j the 
 women wear cloaks of imperfectly tanned deer-skin, 
 which may be occasionally made into a small bodice 
 with sleeves •, besides this they ^vear no other apparel, 
 except a small aproa of uishcs, and a petticoat of stag-. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 89 
 
 skill falling down to the middle of the leg. The 
 hair of both men and women Is cut off at four or five 
 inches from the roots. The Spaniards, who, in the 
 first formation of these settlements, were actuated 
 solely by motives of piety, have more recently learn- 
 ed, from the publication of the voyage of Cook, 
 that they may become highly valuable in a commer" 
 cial point of view, on account of the furs which 
 they are adapted to furnish, and for which China 
 presents a ready market. New Calitorma is as 
 yet entirely unprovided ^;ith colonists, unless wr 
 should account such a few straggling Spanish sol- 
 diers, who have married Indian women. Yet, if less 
 distant from Europe, California would be found 
 not less invitint; than Virtrinh, to emitrrants from 
 Europe. In time, its vicinity to Asia may favoui 
 it as much in respect to colonization, as the N. E. 
 coasts of America have been favoured by their ad- 
 
 jacency 
 
 to li 
 
 urope. 
 
 Th 
 
 e missionaries, to whom thu 
 
 inhabitants of these parts owe their religious civili- 
 zation, arc almost all F.uropcans. The Franciscans 
 have a college at Mexico. A part of the mission 
 own the authority of the commandant of Monterey : 
 The rest are subject to the viceroy of Mexico. The 
 Spanish Govcr!ui>cnt allows the sum of 400 piastrea 
 to each m'ssionnry •, and their numl)cr is fixed at 
 two for each parish. The college of Mexico, how- 
 ever, never sends hither actual money, but only the 
 value in commodities, wax candles for the church, 
 chocolate, sugar, oil, wine, and linen for girdles to 
 the Indians. The salary of the Spanish Governor 
 of California is j|?oo jiiastrcs j that of the Lieiite- 
 
 H3 . 
 
56 
 
 LA PEYRO use's VOYAGE 
 
 nant Governor 450 j that of the Captain-Inspector 
 of the 283 cavalry distributed in the two Caliphor- 
 iiias, is 2C0O *, each soldier of the cavalry has 217 
 j.)iastres, yearly, for his arms, horse, and whole sub- 
 sistence. These were the principal observations 
 ^vhich the French voyagers were enabled to make 
 concerning the Spanish colonization of the two Ca- 
 lifornias, and concerning the condition of those In- 
 dians who have been persuaded there to embrace 
 Christianity, and to submit themselves in peace to 
 the government of the Spanish missionaries. 
 
 'Ihe wilder, uncontroverted Indians, display some 
 of those virtues and talents peculiar to the savage 
 character, which their converted brethren appear to 
 have lost. They draw the bow with inimitable 
 skill J and will biing down even the smallest birds 
 with unerring aim. One of these Indians will fix 
 upon his own the head with the horns of a stag j 
 will walk on all fours j brouse the grass j and by 
 this and other practices, so deceive herds of these 
 animals, that they shall, without alarm, permit him 
 ;o approach near enough to kill them with his ar- 
 10W8. Maize was the only original object of the 
 Indian agriculture in these parts. Hunting and 
 fuhlng have been, and still continue to be, the grand 
 resources upon which these Indians dfpend for the 
 means of subsistencct The independent Indians live 
 distributed in runchcrics^ or villages. They are ac- 
 customed to paint their bodies red in ordinary life, 
 hut bl.ick, when they are to appear in the guise of 
 mourning' The tics of consanguinity a»c little 
 iu:knowIedgcd by them. The children fiult thcia- 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 9« 
 
 father's hut as soon as they have acquired strength 
 to procure the means of subsistence for themselves. 
 Their father, by whom they have been restrained, 
 and harshly treated, is soon forgotten by them ; or, 
 if remembered, remembered only with aversion. 
 Their mother, their relation to whom they knew 
 only from her tenderness, is longer and more kindly 
 remembered. These independent hordes are often 
 at war among themselves : But they respect the 
 Spanish missions. An wooden bow, strung with 
 the sinews of an ox, with ^ arrows pointed with a 
 sharp flint, are their ordinary weapons. As in Ca- 
 nada, they scalp the vanquished in war, and pluck 
 out their eyes, to be preserved as precious memo- 
 rials of the victory. If they happen to slay on the 
 Held of battle, an enemy whose extraordinary prow- 
 ess they have been long accustomed to dread, the 
 furious joy of victory will, in such a case, sometimes 
 prompt them to quaff his blood, und devour his 
 mangled limbs. Yet, they are not accustomed to 
 make an ordinary practice of eating in cold blood, 
 cither the prisoners whom they take, or the mame- 
 less dead whom they slay in war. Of their own 
 dead they burn the bodies, and deposite the ashes 
 in rude funeral monuments. The taken ia and 
 loussi, arc the two games which employ their lei- 
 sure J and to these they arc addicted with passionate 
 fondness. The former is played with u small hoop, 
 through whicli it is endeavoured to make certain 
 sultiibic sticks pass, while it rolls round a smooth 
 sprice of ten square toises on the ground. The tous" 
 ji is pUiycd by hiding a piscc oX wood in tlic hands 
 
92 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 on the one side, while the other party in the play 
 guesses how the piece of wood is disposed of. 
 Beads, the favours of the women, and whatever else 
 they possess of value, are the prizes of these games. 
 The language of these people Is far from being 
 known in all the copiousness of Its phrases, or the 
 analogy of its structure. It is rather from the con- 
 verted Indians, than from the wild natives, that we 
 derive what knowledge is to be obtained of it. The 
 AciiASTLiENS, and the Ecclemachs, the two tribes 
 inhabiting near Monterey, speak each a different lan- 
 guage. The language of the converted Indians in 
 the missions, is compounded out of both these two. 
 Their abstract terms are scanty. Their epithets' 
 for the qualities of moral objects, are almost all 
 borrowed from the sense of taste. They distinguish 
 the plural from the singular number. They vary 
 their verbs through several different tenses. I'hcir 
 substantives are much more numerous than their ad- 
 jectives. They never use the labials, /, />, nor the 
 letter x\ The diptliong o//, appears in more than 
 half their words. Their most common initial con- 
 sonants are, / and /•. None of them can easily count, 
 otherwise than upon their fingers, beyond the num- 
 ber five. 
 
 ilc 
 
 The following are the numerical terms of the 
 
 AcilASTLItNS : 
 
 
 Que, 
 
 Moulala 
 
 Two, 
 
 Uuiis 
 
 Three, 
 
 C(./*c's 
 
 Four, 
 
 Otttits 
 
ROUND tHE WORLD. 
 
 93 
 
 Ml- 
 
 Five, 
 
 Is 
 
 Six, 
 
 Etesahe 
 
 Seven, 
 
 Ka/cis 
 
 Ei^ht, 
 
 Ouluusmasakben 
 
 Nine, 
 
 Pak 
 
 Ten, 
 
 Tfjnta 
 
 The following arc the numerical terras of the 
 
 ECCLEMACHS : 
 
 I 
 
 One, 
 
 Pek 
 
 Two, 
 
 Ouluch 
 
 Three, 
 
 Oullef 
 
 Four, 
 
 Amnahon 
 
 Five, 
 
 Pemuca 
 
 Six, 
 
 Pckolana 
 
 Seven, 
 
 Houiakoalans 
 
 Eioht, 
 
 Ilou/efala 
 
 Nine, 
 
 Kamahouaiane 
 
 Ten, 
 
 Tomoila 
 
 ir. 
 
 Here follow a few other words of the same lan« 
 guage. 
 
 Friend, . 
 
 Ni}rrffth 
 
 Bow, 
 
 Pag'itiach 
 
 Be&rd, 
 
 Leo t re 
 
 To dance, 
 
 Mespa 
 
 Teeth, 
 
 yiour 
 
 Skull, 
 
 Opababo.<: 
 
 No, 
 
 Muui 
 
 Yes, 
 
 Ih 
 
 Father, 
 
 Aoi 
 
 Mother, 
 
 Aix,ia 
 
94 
 
 LA PEYROUSK'S VOYAGK 
 
 Star, 
 Night, 
 
 Aimoulas 
 Toumanes 
 
 No country in the world is more abundant than 
 California, in game and fish of every description. 
 The thickets and plains abound with small grey tuf- 
 ted partridcres, fat and finely flavoured, and which 
 appwar commonly in companies of three or four hun- 
 dred together. Spavrows, tit-mice, speckled wood 
 peckers, end tropic birds, are found in prodigious 
 numbers, in the woods. Hares, rabbits, and stags, 
 are very common. Seals and otters are found in 
 great numbers j and tp the northward, there are 
 multitudes of bears, foxes, wolves, and wild cats, 
 killed in the winter. Among the birds of prey, are, 
 the white headed eagle, the great and small falcon, 
 the goss-hawk, the sparrow-hawk, the black vul- 
 ture, the great owl, and the raven. A bee- eater, 
 which has been supposed to be peculiar to the old 
 continent, was here killed, and stuffed by the French 
 ornithologists. Wild ducks, the grey and white 
 pelican with yellow tufts, different species of gulls, 
 cormorants, curlieus, ring-plovers, small sea-water 
 hens, and herons, are seen on the ponds and on the 
 sea shore, The soil is wonderfully fertile. Fari- 
 naceous roots and seeds of all kinds afford a rr^ost a- 
 bundant increase. The crops of maize, barley, 
 corn, and pease, are to be equalled only In Chili. 
 The medium produce of corn Is from 70 to 80 for 
 one J the extremes are 60 and 100. Fruit trees 
 have not yet been introduced In any considerablo 
 number or variety. The nio.st prevalent forest trees 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 95 
 
 
 are the stone-pine, Cyprus, evergreen oak, and the 
 occidental plane-tree. The forests are clear of un- 
 der-wood, and exhibit, under the shade of the lofty 
 trees of which they are composed, a verdant carpet 
 of grass. Vast savannahs are interspersed among the 
 forests. The rivers are not numerous j and were it 
 not for the moisture of the atmosphere, the face of 
 the ground might perhaps prove too arid for vegeta- 
 tion. 
 
 It was in the evening of the 14th of September, 
 that the two frigates cast anchor off Monterey, in 
 viewof the presidency and of the ships in the road, and 
 at the distance of about two leagues from the shore. 
 At 10 o'clock, the captain of a corvette in the road, 
 came, in his long boat, to the ship of M. de la Pey- 
 rouse, and offered to pilot the frigates into the port. 
 At 10 o'clock on the next morning, the frigates 
 weighed anchor, and proceeded into the road. At 
 noon, they cast anchor in a safe situation within the 
 road, and were saluted with a discharge of 7 guns 
 from the Spanisli vessels which they found in it. 
 M. de la Peyrouse, without delay, dispatched an of- 
 ficer to the governor of Monterey, with an open let- 
 ter to the viceroy of Mexico, of which M. de la Pey- 
 rouse was the bearer from France. Pil. Fa(;;es, com- 
 mandant of the fort of the two Californlas, had al- 
 ready received orders to treat the French voyagers, 
 •whenever they should arrive, witli every possible de- 
 monstration of civility and respect. Oxen, roots, 
 guci^tr:, and milk, were immediately sent on board 
 the French ships in great plenty. There wa<? n sort 
 of conlest between the commandant of the fort and 
 
<,6 
 
 LA PEYROUSE^S VOYAGE 
 
 the captains of the two Spanish vessels in the road, 
 who should show the most kindness to the French ? 
 Only for the oxen, sheep, and corn, which were 
 wanted for the supply of the ships, could M. de la 
 Peyrousc prevail with their kind entertainers to ac- 
 cept any pecuniary compensation. Roots, greens, 
 milk, fowls, and the assistanre of all the labourers 
 of the garrison, in procuring wood and water, were 
 eagerly afforded to the French navigators, without 
 price. The house and servants of M. Fnges were, 
 during their stay, entirely at their disposal. The 
 missionaries from the neighbourhood, politely came 
 to invite them to dine with tliem, and to acquaint 
 themselves with the rules of the management of the 
 missions. Accepting this invitation, they rode with 
 great pleasure to St Charles, at the distance of two 
 leagues from Monterey •, they were there received 
 by the missionaries with solemn hospitality. In tiic 
 church, at their meals, at their labours, in every ob- 
 vious mode of exposition, the converted Indians 
 were presented to tlieir observation. M. de Lan- 
 gle, pitying their diflicult and imperfect mode of 
 working their grain into meal j made them a present 
 of his mill \ which is likely to prove one of the !iigh- 
 cst benefits that could be conferred upon thtm *, for 
 by means of it four women may now perform the 
 same qu;intity of work which formerly rcq'.ircd the 
 toil of an hundred. The sohlicrs of the presidency 
 made tlicmselvcs exceedingly useful to our voyagers 
 during their stay at M'ntrrcy. M. de lu Peyrousc, 
 with the permission of the commandant, presented 
 them with a piece of blue cloth. To the missiona- 
 
RT3UND THE WORLD. 
 
 9T 
 
 ries for the use of the Indians in their missions, he 
 sent coverlids, stuffs, beads, tools of iron, with a 
 variety of other little articles, the remains of what 
 had been distributed at Port de Francois. The jj^ar- 
 dener belonging to the frigates, gave to the missio- 
 naries some potatoes of Chili, in a state of very per- 
 fect preservation, which are likely to prove here- 
 after of great utility to the inhabitants of this re- 
 gion. The French botanists no sooner got on shore, 
 than they set themselves, with the most diligent ac- 
 tivity, to enlarge their collections. But the season 
 was too far advanced ; the plants were no longer in 
 tlower, and their seeds were dispersed over the 
 ground. The common wormwood, the sea worm- 
 wood, souther.^wood, mugwort, the Mexican tea, 
 the golden rod .of Canada, the Italian starwort, mil- 
 foil, deadly night shade, spurrey, and ivater-mint, 
 were the only remarkable plants observed in the 
 fields round Monterey. From the gardens they ob- 
 tained a great abundance of potherbs ^ and particu- 
 larly such quantities of pulse as were no where else to 
 be met with. The mineralogists were far from be- 
 ing very fortunate in their researches. A light ar- 
 gillaceous stoi.e, with some lescmblance of marie ; 
 blocks of graiute, concealing in their veins some spe- 
 cimens of cvy'taHi;ied fcld-spar ; with some rounded 
 fragments of pcrphyry and granite j were the only- 
 very remarkable fossils they could find : except on- 
 ly some supi-rb haliotes, each of wiiich might be 9 
 inches in l^n^th by 4 in breadth ; there were no o- 
 thcr umaik.iblc sliells to be seen. On the south 
 and east coasts of old California, indeed, are oysteri. 
 
 1 
 
ff^ LA PEYR0U8E S VOYAGE 
 
 the pearls of wlilcli yield not In size or beauty to 
 tliose of Ccylo« or Bassora. Tlie astronomers be- 
 3onginj{ to the French expedition, were, at the same 
 time, diligently attsntive to their duty. M. Dage- 
 Jct, taking his quadrant on shore, endeavoured to 
 detcrm'ue, with the greatest accuracy, the latitude 
 of MontLMcy, which has been already mentioned : 
 and no ohservntion, which the shortness of their stay 
 ^vould permit him to make, was neglected. On the 
 evening of the 22d of September,— .wood, water, 
 dry and fresh provisions, with whatever other sup- 
 plies our voyagers here sought, had been taken on 
 board. They bade farewel to their kind hosts. On 
 the 23d, the winds were adverse *, but on the 24th, 
 they were enabled to sail with a fair western breeze. 
 
 CHAP 
 
ROUND tHE WORLD. 
 
 ^9 
 
 
 CHAPTER SIX'TH. 
 
 KARRATTVE OF THE VOYAGE CONTINUIB, FROM THE 24. OV 
 SKl'TEMlirR 1786, TO TH£ a. Of JANUARY 1787. COURSE 
 FROM MONTEREY TO THE ROAD OF MACAO* 
 
 Departing; from tlie western coast of America, the 
 French nuvigatois were now to steer ncro^s the great 
 Western Ocean, as far as Chiun. I'hc »cas through 
 which tht^y were to Mill, were known only to the 
 Spaniards, anJ even to them but impetfcctly. The 
 Spaniards have long been s;UJsficd to sail in one sin- 
 gle tract in their voyage from /Vcapulco to Manillav 
 lyinjj within a space of 20 len^mes bet'vcen the 13** 
 and the 14° of Latitude j w'ile, on their return, 
 they run nearly in the pr^inilcl of 40^, by the aid of 
 western winds, which are in these sens very common. 
 But nfw discovirics were the ohjcct of the voyage 
 of the French navigators : and it of consequence be- 
 came them to «hun frequented tracts with the same 
 CHIC wi\h which merely trading navi/;ation strives to 
 j)uriuc such trncti, Only, the necessity of reaching 
 China about the end of the year, made it requisite 
 for thrni to keep within the xone of the Irade-winds. 
 M. dc lu Peyrousc, thtiefore, rciolvcd to direct hit 
 course to the southward, as far as to the island of 
 Nostra Stnora de la Gcrta, which );eof^raphtri 
 have described as existing in the 2S*' of N. l.at. 
 
 Culms and ndvcrse wind^ detained them yet for 
 two days longer within sight of JMonterey* Jbufr 
 
 1 2 
 
 
•^ 
 
 ICO 
 
 LA FEYROUSE'S voyage 
 
 the wind soon became fixed at N. W, and the fri- 
 gates were then permitted to reach the parallel of 
 28°. '^I'heir first progress was very fortunate. To 
 the N. W. winds, succeeded others from the N. E, 
 which gave them hopes of quickly reaching the re- 
 gion of the tnide-winds. On the i8th of October, 
 however, the winds again changed to the westvvard j 
 and they continued, for eight or ten days, to blow, 
 without any considerable variation, from that quar- 
 ter. The weather was, in the mem time, tcmpe?* 
 tuous and rainy : there was constantly much mois- 
 ture between the decks ; and M. de la Pcyr ousc be. 
 gan to be greatly alarmed, lest, in these unfavoura- 
 ble circumstances, the crews of the frigates should 
 be attacked bv the scurvv. On the ;7th of Octa- 
 ber, they reached the meridian on which they wish- 
 ed to proceed. Nothing gave any signal of the vi- 
 <!inity of laud, except some sand-pipers of two dif- 
 ferent species, which wea-e caught on board L'As- 
 trol.ibe. But these were very lean, and might pos- 
 sibly have come from the Sandwich Isles, from which 
 they were net now more than 120 leagues distant. 
 No isle of Nostra Sen )r i de la Gorta was here to 
 be seen. The French navigators strove now to ap- 
 proach the tropic, in order to meet with the trade- 
 winds, and in hopes that the temperature of the tro- 
 pical cl mates, would prove the most favourable to 
 the health of the ship^s companies. On the ^d of 
 November, in 24" ^ N. Lat. in 16 ," 2' W. hong, 
 noddies, man-uf war-birds, and terns, hovered a- 
 bout them in great numbers. These fowls seldom 
 tly far from land. On the 4th, accordingly, the 
 
RO' ND THE WORLD. 
 
 iQt 
 
 frigates came within sight of an island which bore 
 W. from them, for 4 or j leagues. At 5 o'clock in 
 the morning of the 5th, being only 5 leagues from 
 the island, they sailed to reconuoitre it. It is a ve- 
 ry small isle j about 30O toises in length •, not more 
 than 6g in its elevation above the level of the sea. 
 No tree is seen on it ; but its top is covered with lu- 
 xuriant grass. The barren part of the rock is whit- 
 ened with the dung of sea-fowls. Other spots, which 
 are neither verdant, nor covered with this dung, ap- 
 pear red. Its extremities are perpendicular like a 
 wall J and the sea breaks all around, with a violence 
 which seems to render it inaccessible. Our naviga- 
 tors sailed round it, at the distance of one-third of a 
 Ica'^ue, and took a very exact plan of it. Its lati« 
 tude was determined by I\J. Dagelet to be in 2^*^ 
 34' N. j its longitude, in i6fj° t^i'. It received 
 from M. de la Pey rouse tlie name of Isle Neckar. 
 The S. E. point presents a small lidge of rocks, 
 which seems to extend for about two cables length ; 
 and this is the only part which brcalfcrt do not make 
 inaccessible. Sounding as they pafised near to this 
 point, the French navigators were surprised to find 
 a bottom of broken shells, under only 2s fathoms 
 deep of water. It should stem that Isle Neckar is 
 but the summit of a much more considerable island, 
 of which the softer materials have been gradually 
 washed away by the sra Over n space of 10 miles 
 from the al ove mentioned ridge of rocks, no other 
 bottom than coral and broken shells was to be found. 
 Beyond the extremity of that $pacw, our navigators,' 
 
 1 3 
 
 . 
 
102 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE 
 
 sounding with ijo fathoms of line, could find no 
 bottom at all, 
 
 '1 he weather was now rainy, with frequent tran>- 
 sient blasts of wind. At sun-set, however, and at 
 other times, when the face of the sky would for 
 some moments clear up, the horizon would open 
 around, for a space of lo or 12 leagues. Sea-fowls 
 still continued to hover around them, in Hights of 
 several hundreds together, and moving in various 
 directions, whicli made it impossible to ascertain, 
 with precision, to what quarter they went. The 
 moon irradiated the nights with a lustre which tempt- 
 ed our navigators to steer on, though with a motion 
 somewhat slower than during the day. While they 
 were thus advancing, they perceived, towards half 
 an hour past one o'clock in the morning, breakers 
 at two cables length n head of the ships. They 
 sounded, and foun I nine fathoms water, witli a locky 
 bottom. Soon afterwards, the sounding indicated 
 ten fathoms,— twtlvc fathoms. In about a quarter 
 of an hour, however, tht;y got no gtound with sixty 
 fathoms. They had escaped a danger the most ter- 
 rible to which navigation can be exposed. For 
 nearly an hour afterwards, they perceived the con- 
 tinuation of the breakers. Thty htld their course 
 westward •, and within three hours, had lost sight of 
 fhcm. Desirous to ascertr.in, beyond a doubt, the 
 existence of that sunken rock upon which they had 
 been near to perishing \ they again turned their 
 course in the morning •, returned within view of 
 It •, perceived an islet of split rock^ the diameter of 
 which might be about 50 toises j in its height, from 
 
ROUND THE W R L D," 
 
 103 
 
 20 to 25 fathoms. That islet formed t'le N. W, 
 extremity of a reef of rocks extending more than, 
 4 leagues to the S. E. It was on the S. E. point 
 of the reef, that our navigators had been exposed 
 to the danger ef perishing. Between the islet and 
 the S. E. breakers, were three sand-banlys, raised 
 not more than four feet above the level of the sea. 
 These were parted from one another by a sort of 
 greenish water, which did not seem to be a fathom 
 deep. Rocks, level with the water, surrounded 
 that shoal as a circular inclosure j and, on their ex- 
 terior sides, the sea broke with extreme violence. 
 Of the northern part of these rocks, our navigators 
 could obtain only a bird's eye view from the mast- 
 liead. Perhaps it may run in that direction to a 
 farther extend- than it appeared to them ta do. Its 
 length, from S. E. to N. \V. is 4 leagues j its geo- 
 graphical situation, estimated from its only visible 
 part, is in 23'^ 45' N. Lat. in 168° 10' W. Long. ; 
 It lies 2j° 20' N.W. from Isle Neckar.. It is not 
 safe to approach it nearer than at the distance of 4 
 leagues. '1 he French navigators named it, on ac- 
 count of the danger to whic^ they had been expos- 
 ed by coming too near to it, Basse des Frecates- 
 Francaise. It will be of infinite importance to fu- 
 ture navigators, who shall have occasion to sail in 
 this couise, that the existence and the extent of this 
 ledge of rocks have been thus accuiately ascertaiu- 
 
 cd, and made known* . •*. ,• v* 
 
 1 Our navigators now directed their course to the 
 \W. S. VV, Jn this direction, they had reason to 
 Ik)^u that tUcy migiit the soonest had land. They 
 
104 
 
 LA PEYRODSE's voyage 
 
 crossed the trpct of Captain Clark, at 179'' of E. 
 Long, on the i6th of November. They had hoped 
 that they should now fall in with the trade-winds. 
 Yet, for some time longer, they had varying winds, 
 shifting chiefly between S. W. and N. E., contrary 
 to what the experience of former navigators had led 
 them to expect. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon of 
 the 14th of December, they reached the Marianne 
 Islands. Jn the latter part of their progress hither, 
 they had in vain attempted to discover the Mira^ 
 Desert^ and Garden Islands of the common maps. 
 Finding, however, no such isles, they concluded, 
 perhaps too hastily, that they must have no- real 
 existence. Among the Marianne Islands, they 
 found As<^uMPTiON Island to have its true position in 
 J9**43'N. Lat. in an 143" I3'.E. Long. Its cir. 
 cumference cannot be more than 3 leagues. Imagi- 
 nation cannot conceive the existence of a place more 
 hoiiible in the aspect. It seemed a perfect cone, 
 of wh'ick. the surface was black as coal, to the height 
 of 40 loists above the level of the sea. A few co- 
 coa nut trees appeared in a hollow of about 40 toi- 
 ses, in which they were in some measure sheltered 
 from the east wind. There, was the only place 
 where it seemed possible for ships to anchor ; and 
 the anchorage at tltat part, was, for a quarter of a 
 league, a bottom of black sand under water thirty 
 fathoms deep. The Astrolabe here anchored. La 
 Boussole was prevented by an accident, from com- 
 ing to anchor. The boats of the two frigates were 
 sent on sho(e. In tliem went M. de Langle, with 
 Me&srs Boutin. De la Martinieic, Vaujuas, Pre- 
 
^ ■• 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 105 
 
 vost, and Father Receveur. They landed, not 
 without extreme difficulty. The island appear- 
 ed to them a thousand times m^re horrid than it 
 hacl, at a quarter of a league's distance, seemed to 
 be. It presented ravines and precipices which had 
 been formed by torrents of lava j and were bor- 
 dered by some few stunted cocoa trees, amidst 
 which grew some creeping plants, matted together 
 in a manner tliat made it almost impossible to 
 walk among them. About an hundred cocoi nuts 
 w;re picked up under the trees. But the dlfTiculty 
 of the way was such, that fifteen or sixteen psrsoris 
 were employed from nine in the morning till noon, 
 in bringing these on board the boats. The summit 
 of the cone forms, as it should seem, the crater of 
 this volcanic isle. Around its sides, the lava has 
 streamed down, and has became solid as it cooled. 
 A cloud hid the highest point from the view of the 
 French navigators. But a smell of sulphur, which 
 ,it emitted to the distance of half a league out at sea, 
 induced them to think that its volcanic fires were 
 not yet entirely extinguished, and that its last erup- 
 tion might have happened at no great distance of 
 time backward. No humin inhabitants, no quad- 
 rupeds, seemed to have as yet chosen these desolate 
 scenes for a place of refuge. Oi the shore were 
 some large crabs. At the anchorage were seen 
 three or four noddies. M. do J^angle killed on the 
 isle a bird of a black colour, not unlike to our Eu- 
 ropean bliick-blrd. In theh )llo\\s of the rocks, were 
 found some very fine shells. A collection of plants, 
 and among these three or four diirerent species of 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 
"^i 
 
 t 
 
 ic6 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 Banana trees, which M. de la Peyrouse had not 
 elsewhere seen, were brought on board. The only 
 fishes which the French navigators saw here, were 
 the red ray, the small shark, and a sea serpent, a- 
 bout three feet in length, and three inches in thick- 
 ness. About two p'clok in the afternoon, the boats 
 returned to the thips, after having been exposed to- 
 considerable dangers. 
 
 About three o'clock they renewed their course, 
 proceeding W. N. W. in a direction at three or four 
 leaguf s distance from IManqs,— another of this group 
 of isles which bore to them N. £. by N. Hiid it 
 not been for the dclny it would have occasiongd ) M» 
 de la Peyrouse could have wishrd to have ascertain- 
 ed the precise situation of Uracas, the most norths 
 em oftlie Marianne isles : but his arrangements would 
 not leave him time to accomplish tliis object. Ai 
 they advanced, innumerable birds hovered around 
 them. Among these, the man of-war-bird and the 
 noddy were the most common. Gulls, terns, and tro- 
 pic birds, likewise appeared in the crowd. In the 
 channel between the Mariannes and the Piiilippjnes, 
 the breezes were strong, the sea ran high, and our 
 navigators were constantly driven southward by the 
 currents. La Boussole was now, for the first time, 
 observed to admit some water ^ and, upon examina- 
 tion, several of her seams were found to be almost 
 entirely open. On these, hovvever, it was impoisi- 
 ble to work, till the frigates should arrive in the 
 road of Macao. On the 28th of December, our 
 voyagers came within sight of the Bashee island', 
 1 hey passed at about a league's distance from the 
 
 •,1/ ■> 
 "I I, 
 
 >' 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 107 
 
 two most northern Islets or rocks of this group. Of 
 these two, the smallest is half a leai^ue in circum- 
 ference ; and there appeared to be on its east side a 
 good deal of grass : Its west longitude, fixed from 
 the medium of more than sixty lunar observations, 
 is 119® 41' J its north latitude in 21** 9' 13". From 
 these isles, our navigators continued their course to 
 China. On the first of January 1787, they^had ap- 
 proached so near to the Chinese coast, that their 
 soundings indicated a bottom under sixty fathoms 
 depth of water. Next day they were surrounded 
 by Chinese fishing boats, which fished by dragging 
 over the bottom with very long nets, that could 
 not be hauled up In less than two hours. On the 
 2d of January, the frigates cast anchor to the north- 
 ward of the island of LiNG-TiNG. On the 3d, pas. 
 sing through a very beautifal, but apparently little 
 frequented channel, they were conducted by Chinese 
 pilots into the road of Macao, where they cast an- 
 chor. 
 
 1'^ 
 
 M" 
 
 CHAP. 
 
'r ic8 
 
 ^A peyrous-e's voyage 
 
 CHAPTER SEVENTH. 
 
 KARRATIVE OF THE VOYAGE CONTINUED, FROM THE 3. OF 
 JANUARY TO THE 9. OF APRIL 17^47. TRANSACTIONS AT 
 MACAO, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THAT PLACE', PASSAGE 
 TO LUCONIA : AND THENCE TO MANILLA: DESCRIPTION 
 OF MANNILLA, &C. 
 
 At Macao, our voyagers expected a favourable re- 
 ception from the Portuguese : They approached the 
 town : and M. Boutin was sent on shore to announce 
 their arrival to the governor. He failed not to 
 make every offer of all the assistance in his power. 
 A Malay pilot, sent from him, conducted them to 
 the anchorage of Typpa. At day-break on the 4th, 
 they proceeded towards that anchorage j at eight 
 ©■'clock in the morning, they were at five miles N. 
 W. from the town of Macao, upon a muddy gi'ound, 
 under three fathoms and a hitlf depth of water. 
 They cast anchor o/ong sidt of a French armed vessel, 
 which was commanded by M. de Richery, ensign in 
 the Navy j which had been sent to cru'ze on these 
 eastern coasts, for the protection of the French trade. 
 It may be naturally conceived, that our navigators 
 had infinite pleasure in meeting, after so long an ab- 
 sence, with a ship's company of their countrymen. 
 They were, however, very painfully disappointed, 
 in not finding at Macao those pacquets of letters 
 which they had expected. It unluckily happened, 
 that, out of two ships which alone had sailed from 
 
ifar 
 
 ROUND THE WOULD. 
 
 109 
 
 tr. 
 
 in 
 sc 
 e. 
 rs 
 
 'I 
 Irs 
 
 France, to arrive, this season, at China, one had 
 missed its passage : and on board this one, they now 
 supposed that their letters might have beerj put. 
 
 After their ships were safely moored, Messrs de 
 la Peyrouse, and De Lanqle, went on shore to thank, 
 the Portuguese governor for the favours he had al- 
 ready shown them. He recti ved them with as 
 much kindness as if he had been their fellow-coun- 
 tryman j begged them to use his house as their 
 own j and introduced them to his wife, a young and 
 lovely. Portuguese lady from Lisbon, who, speak- 
 ing French with great facility, acted as interpreter 
 between her husband and the French captains. This 
 lady, Dona Maria de Saldagna, had, about tweb e 
 years before, married M. de Lemos, at Goa. Ve- 
 ry soon after their marriage, M. de la Peyrouse 
 had happened to be introduced to her in that city. 
 He was now proud to find, that she recollected him 
 as an old acquaintance j and had pleasure in seeing 
 her children, whom she presented to him. Every 
 accommodation which our voyagers desired, and 
 which it was in the Portuguese governor's power to 
 bestow, was readily supplied to them during the 
 whole term of their stay in the road of Macao. 
 
 The settlement of Macao was bestowed by the 
 Chinese emperor, Camhy, upon the Portuguese, in 
 gratitude for the service which they rendered him, 
 by destroying, in the isles adjacent to Canton, the 
 pirates who infested these seas, and ravaged all the 
 C'hinese coasts. But, its original privileges are no 
 longer duly respected. The Chinese, insolent and 
 oppressive to all the Europeans who trade with 
 
 K. 
 
••^•v 
 
 no 
 
 LA PEYROUSn'S VOYAGC 
 
 them, are particularly so to the Portuguese. Ma- 
 cao stands at the mouth of the river Tigris, in 22^ 
 l2'40"ofN. Lat. in iii" 19' :^c" K. Long. Its 
 road, at the entrance of Typa, has huflicient depth 
 of water for the reception of a 64 gun ship, bhips 
 even of seven or eight hundred tons burden, can 
 enter half laden into its port below the city. A 
 fortress of tn'o batteries defends the entrance of 
 the port. Tliree other small forts, mounted in all 
 with 30 guns, guard the southern part of the city 
 from the enterprises of the Chinese. A contiguous 
 mountain, wlilch commands the clrcumjicent coun- 
 try, appears to have had once a fortress on its sum- 
 mit, which must have been impregnable. But the 
 fort has been suffered to fall into ruins; and a church 
 hrs been built there instead of it. Two citadels, 
 cf which the one mounts 40, the other ^o guns, 
 defend the hnd side of the Portuguese possession of 
 JVIacao. The limits of the Portuguese do:nain 
 extend scarce a league from the city. They are, 
 at tliat distance, bounded by :. wall whicli a Manda- 
 rin, with a few soldiers, guard. 'Ihc Purtugucse 
 town and territory arc subject to the (-crasloiiil vi- 
 hits of this Mandarin ; and \vhcncver l.'C enters It, 
 the Portuf.ucse arc expected to silute his approach 
 with the discharge of fi/e guns. Ytt, he nny not 
 »«lcep on tlie Portuinicr,:* side or the w.i\. Twenty 
 thous.ind Rouh may be tlic whole number of l^ir 
 populition of Macao. Of these, an hundred are 
 by birth Portuguese i ab lul t'V) thousand, J^ortu- 
 gucse Indians j two thousand, CaiTre slaver, the do- 
 mestic servants of the PortUi^ucse j ihj rest, Chi« 
 
 cesj 
 
 to ( 
 
 nets 
 
 gov 
 
 and 
 
 rtcli 
 
 the 
 
 is n 
 
 vIcl'iI 
 
 of jfl 
 
 nnn(| 
 
 KU'Ol 
 
 Til. 
 ratrol 
 '.•ipul 
 Kill I, 
 
 OVcji- ! 
 
Chi' 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ncse. artizTns, or merchants. 
 
 T! 
 
 le 
 
 'ortUifuesc 
 
 whether of Indian or European birth, cherish a 
 pride which teache-; them ratlier to starve or beg, 
 than employ themselves in the practice of the me- 
 chanic arts. A governor, a senate composed of 
 
 thi 
 
 uio 
 
 Lh th 
 
 di 
 
 rce vercaaorc^ with tne governor presiding over 
 them, two judges of orphans, the a^jent lor the cl- 
 
 tv, and a treasurer o 
 
 f tl 
 
 ic customs, disc.^'vriie 
 
 the 
 
 principal functions of the Portuguese government 
 of Macao. All these magistrates are nominated by 
 
 th 
 
 e viceroy of G 
 
 oa. 
 
 Th 
 
 e sen 
 
 ate I 
 
 lave 
 
 th 
 
 e sunreme 
 
 superintendence of the revenues of tlic city. The 
 j'.idges of orphans have the charge of the property ot* 
 minors, tlie nominatlanoftutorsandgaardlaus.uiththe 
 right of d'.'cision in all discussions respecting the sac- 
 cesslon toestates : There is, however, a rightof appeal 
 to Goa, from their sentences. The agcnc of the city 
 n':tsas the medium of communica'.ion between the two 
 [;overn!TiCMUs of P.^rtugal and China. He receives, 
 nnd transmits to their r^.^jjcctive governments, tlie 
 reciprocal complaints of the two nations. He ii 
 the only person In the gf)vernmcnt of Macao, that 
 is not removcablc out of otlicc at the pleasure of the 
 viceroy of Goa, 'i'hc garrison of M icao '•onsisls 
 of 183 sea p>ys, iod 120 militia. The soldiers are 
 tinned with sttvesj their ollic:r8, indeed, wear 
 swoids. but dare not draw them Hgalnst a Chinese. 
 Th'. service of the guard consists in forming nigh: 
 ratroles. Yet, if Hny of them should hurpiizc u 
 (^uinese robber bi caking into a house, nnd shorhi 
 kill iiim *, the luckless soldier would be delivered 
 over to liie Chinese governor, and wojU be ha:igci 
 
 K 2 
 
 
til 
 
 LA FEYROUSE^S VOYAGE 
 
 in tlic middle of the market-place. The appear- 
 ance of the city of Macao is very pleasing. Si.,)er- 
 cargoes belonging to the different European compa- 
 nies vvhicn trade to the East, are obli;;ed to pass 
 
 thtir winters here, and oc( 
 
 upy 
 
 the best houses in 
 
 the town. Several of the^e supercargoes are men 
 of distinguished worth and inttlli|;ence. 'I he emo- 
 luments they enjoy, enable them to live in conside- 
 rable luxury and splendour. 'I'hey compose all to- 
 gether a very agreeable society ; the French cxpe- 
 licnced from them a very kind and hospitable recep- 
 tion. IVI. E'Slockcnslrom, principal secretary for 
 the Swedish East India Compmy, treated them 
 with the kin Iness of an old friend, or rather of a 
 i'silow- count! ymnuj zealous fi^r the glory of their 
 country : Mc obligingly undertooktosclltheir peltvv, 
 »nd to remit the produce to the Isle of Eraiicc. 
 '1 he commerce of the Chinese with Europe, of the 
 transactions of which a part arc carried on nt IMa- 
 i;ao, nmounts to fifty millions annually j of these, 
 two- fifths are p;iid by the I'luropcans, in 'Ivcr. 
 I'avment is made for the rest in En<ilish cloth, 
 liitavlan or I\Iolu< ci tin, cotton fri)m Surat and 
 Jicngil, opium from Patna, sandil-wood and pepper 
 from the coast of iMaiabar : looklng-gl.isso of the 
 Lirgest dimensions, Geneva and En;^lisii watches, 
 coral, fine pearls, and a few otiier articles of Euro- 
 pean pioJncc, are also among the goods accepted 
 by the Chinese. Ni)U', tlie only Chinese ^;o.nli 
 which the Europeans purchase with .dl this V' ''h, 
 arc black an I green tt:i«, some clusts of raw silk, 
 md an inconsidciiiblc (|u lulily of china-ware. Yet 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 1^3 
 
 Vi'ith such haughtiness do the Chinese conduct them- 
 
 selv 
 
 es in 
 
 th 
 
 e manaij 
 
 ement of a c 
 
 onnmcrce w 
 
 liich 
 
 IS 
 
 to them so lucrative, that it may, ultli truth, hti 
 said, that there is not a single cup of tea drunk in 
 Europe, which has not been the cause of humilia- 
 tion to those who purchased it at Canton. 
 
 The French voyagers had every reason to be sa- 
 tisfied with their reception, and with tlie kindness 
 which they experienced durin;:r their stay amo;i^ tiic 
 Portuguese, and the other fluropeans, in Macao. 
 1'he Cliincse mandarin demanded nothing for licir 
 stay in the road of Typa. liut a knavish purveyor, 
 who undertook to furnish them with provisions, and 
 imposed upon them so enormously, that they were 
 obliged after five or six days to dismiss him, had 
 been coni polled, as t!icy understood, to share his pro- 
 fits with the government. From the period at which 
 thty di 
 
 tli 
 
 bcnargcft tins purveyor, tlicir own commissary 
 for provisions went daily to marl;et, h^ in any town 
 of Europe : and by this management, they contriv- 
 ed to make the total ex pence of a whole montli, less 
 than that of the first week had been. liut, this (cco- 
 r.omy was jirobibly not vrry pleasing to the Chinese. 
 The temperature of the climatr, in the road of Typa, 
 being exceedingly v.uiable, the '"rcnch navigator 
 ♦luring their stay in it, were almost all uft'ccted with 
 t^ivcrc colds arcompmicd with fever. Tliey found 
 v.ilue of furs to be not nbuvc a tenth part of 
 what it wjLi when C-^ptaini Gore and Kini^ arrived 
 Qt Cnntun. The English had since spoiled the mar- 
 ket, b; ''C cagttnvss of their endeavours to supply 
 it. It w«is nuw iinposMblc to ubt^Jn moit: than 
 
 K 3 
 
 I t. 
 
M4 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 twelve or fifteen piasters, for sucli a fur as ^voulJ 
 have brought an Imndred piasters in the year 178 J. 
 The whole itock which our navi^Tators had brouglit 
 from the N. W. coast of America, amounted to the 
 number of a thousand skins : The<ie a Portuguese 
 merchant had purchased for nine thou and and five 
 hundred piastrts. But when the money was to be 
 paid, he made pretences to recede from hi. bargain, 
 of purpose, as was supposed, to obtain the furs slill 
 cheaper Rather than submit to the imposition 
 vh'ch this man meditated, the Frencli cmimandcrs 
 thought proper to deposit tlieir furs at Macao, un- 
 der the care of their Swedish friend above mention- 
 ed, fui , '" at some future opportunity. Their ob- 
 servatorjf erected at Macao, in the convent of 
 
 the Augustines : and, from a medium of several 
 cbsc;rva'ions of distances between the sun and the 
 mcon, ihey were enabled to fix the eastern longi- 
 tude of this city, at iii" 19' and yJ'. They, at 
 the same time, found their time-keepers to have 
 been of Utt more tlornrged than at the first, in their 
 niovcmcnts. 
 
 Having fii.ishcd all their transactions nt Macao ; 
 ihry left it on 'he jth of Februaiy, at 8 o'clock in 
 the morning, with a north wi; d. 'I'l^e crew of each 
 frigate uas now avu;menU'd with si?c C ese sai- 
 lor-, laken on buar.l to supply the loss of tho'-e who 
 hnd pcrislicd at Port des FiatCois S.uHiig witlunit 
 ti pilot thf*y followed a common course, and pn* ed 
 to the 8 uthw'ird ot' tiie great Lialrone Island The 
 in-rlh viruls at first etu!'»lcd thtm to i/^/«r/ to the 
 tastvvaid. bojD aficr, these came round to the £« 
 
ROUND THE WORLl). 
 
 '^r. 
 
 S. E. They passed on the leeward of the Bank de 
 pRATA«, which had been inaccurately laid down in 
 all the charts, save that by Captain King, in the 
 account of Cook's third voyage. Variable winds 
 hindered them from following always the precise 
 c )urse which they had planned out for themselves, 
 but I the 15th of February they reached the island 
 of Luconia, in the latitude of j8° 14'. Here they 
 were disappointed of falling immediately in with 
 the monsoon winds, as they had expected. From 
 various causes, they did not, till the i«;th of Feb- 
 iiiary, adviince more than a league a day. The 
 winds becoming at length more favourable, they 
 sailed along the Illico coast, at the dlstajice of two 
 leagues from it. In the port of Santa Cruz they 
 jaw a small two masted vesstl, which they suppos- 
 ed miglit be taking in rice for Cliina. None of the 
 bearings of our voyageis were here found to agree 
 with the chart of M. Dapres. On the 20th they 
 doubled Cape Bulinas On the 21st, they came in 
 sight of Point Lapones, beating \L. from tliem ex- 
 actly i.'t t'jc \vi ,H'i eye. In tlie afternoon, the wind 
 MuJdenly sliiitcl to E. S. K. , and tlicy directed 
 
 their course between Mamvf.lle Isla 
 
 ND nn 
 
 d th( 
 
 isle of La Moniia. Ahcr some unsuccessful at • 
 tempts to enter I c north ch unci, they were obliged 
 lo co'iie to an anchor in ihe Port ot JVI.irivclle, whore 
 there wus ciglitecn faU;<)ms depth of water over a 
 niuduy botium. 1 his port is shcUerid fiotn all hut 
 the S. W. wlnd> J an. I i'.s gvo nui is s^t good, that 
 even tlicse will ^curccly drive u ihip 1^ ir.g here, itcwt 
 ks ancho;(igei 
 
 : 
 
 » 
 
jm6 
 
 LA PEYROUSE*S VOYAGE 
 
 A sho-t Stay in the Port of Mativelle, for thcf 
 purpose of procuring wood, gave the French voya- 
 gers an opportunity of acquiring some knowledge of 
 this isle j tlicir attempts to procure some fishes, by 
 hauling the iine^ were unsuccessful, on account of 
 the rocks, and the shallowness of the water near the 
 shore. 1 hey picked up, to enrich their collection 
 of shells, some curious specimens of that which is 
 named the thorny wood cock. On shore, they came 
 to a village coi.si'^ting of about forty houses. The 
 foundations of these houses were raised about four 
 feet from the ground. Their walls and floors were 
 of Bamboo, and their roofs were covered with leaves. 
 They ascended by ladders. They have much the 
 appearance of bird cages suspended in the air. The 
 whole materials of such a house would, most pro- 
 bably, not wei^h more than two hundred weight, 
 A large ruinous edifice of liewn stone, with two brass 
 guns at its windows, was observed in the front of 
 the principal street. That house had been the a- 
 bode of the curate, the church, and the Fort, till in 
 the year 1780, the Moors from the isles to the south 
 of the Philippiius burned the village', demolished 
 this fortress, and carried almost all the inhai)ita'r.s 
 of the place away as captives The colony has been 
 ever since in a state (f decline. The lands are 
 overgrown wllh weeds j and there arc few tame 
 animals. A youni; ox, a sm:«n hog, and about a 
 dozen fowls, wcie all that the French voyagtrs could 
 purch;i8c here. 'I he curate, a young mulatto In- 
 4ian, inhabited the ruinous stone building. Mis 
 fvhole furiiturc consisted ol a few c>;rlhe:i pots, and 
 
 it 
 
■BTJW^BW^ 
 
 ROUfs'D THE WORLD, 
 
 117 
 
 3 paltry bed. About two hundred persons com- 
 posed, as he informed our voyagers, the whole num- 
 ber of his parishioners. These are liable to be 
 continually alarmed by the piratical descents of the 
 Moors, from whom they flee in trepidation to the 
 woods. By these Moorish pirates, the trading boats 
 which sail these seas, are liable to be continually 
 harassed. They sail in very light rowing boats ; 
 so that it is extremely dinicult either to escape or 
 
 >i. 
 
 overtake the swiitncss o 
 
 ftt 
 
 )f th 
 
 eir movements. 
 
 The 
 
 next in authority after the curate, among these vil- 
 lagers, is an Indian olKcer named alcadey who alone 
 has the honour of carrying a silver-headed cane. 
 
 ithorlty 
 
 men IS iiis autnonty over the Indians, that none o 
 
 i 
 
 them dared to sell the smallest article to the French 
 strangeis, until he had granted his permIs>ion, and 
 even fixed the price. This oflicer is likewise the 
 sole vender of tobacco. He sells it on account of 
 the government •, and the poor Indians buy and con- 
 sume it with extreme fondness. At the house of 
 the curate, the Frencli navigators saw three small 
 antelopes, which did not exceed the size of a large 
 rabbit \ and of which the male and the female seem- 
 ed cxictly a stag and a hinJ, in miniature. These 
 the curate intended for presents to the governor of 
 Manilla. Some beautiful birds, with plumage va- 
 riegated with the most lively colours, attracted the 
 notice of the Trench sportsmen in the woods, lint 
 the forests were impenetrable, on account of the 
 twining slirubs which filled up the spaces amidst the 
 
 trunks of the tall fees. 
 
 Tl 
 
 icy pure 
 
 based 
 
 in 
 
 the 
 
 vill.ige sjm. turtle doves', which having on the mid- 
 
ii8 
 
 LA PETRODSe's VOVAGE 
 
 ( 
 
 die of the breast a red spot, exactly similar to a 
 wound given by the cut of a knife, have hence ac- 
 <juired tlic denoailnation ai stabbed turtle tloves. 
 
 Ahei passin^^ the greater part of a day in maklncr 
 such ohser\'ationr. as these, on shore, on the island of 
 
 Mi 
 
 anvelle ; tne Irencn navi^^ators went in tae even- 
 ing vn board their ships, and prcpaied to renew their 
 voyage on tlie ii-xt ni rning. From a Spanish sl^.ip 
 in the port, M. de la Fey rouse obtained an old In- 
 dian for a pilot, who agreed fcr i j piastres to con- 
 duct hi:n t » CAviTis. On the 25th, at day-hreak, 
 they sa'lcJ through the southern channel. While 
 the Indian pilot continued to ctrry t'leni away to the 
 southward, he Iiad very nearly occasioned the fri- 
 jratcs to run aground on the Bank of St N'iciiolas . 
 They found that Da^ircs's Chart, though far from 
 .€x»ct, was much more to l.e trusted than such a 
 guide. 'I'liL-ir cni;sj was bat for 7 leagues j and 
 they spent three day;; upon it. At lust, on the 28th 
 of February, they cane to an anchor in the Bay of 
 Manilla, and in the Port o.' Cavite, in 3 fathnm-: 
 depth of v;atcr, over a muddy bottom, and at two 
 cables Ien';[tii from the t )w:i. 
 
 They hid not been l.ng at anclior before Cavltc, 
 vhen an oihccr of hi ill lank arrived from Manilla 
 
 to invito tlieni 
 
 thir' 
 
 ler, 
 
 Bur. t 
 
 \c favourable die urn 
 
 t.t'incfrs in which their ships lay at anchor, iudaceJ 
 them to decline his invitation. M. Jinitin accom- 
 panied this cfliecr on his return t) Mmilla, in or. 
 der to wait upon the governor-general In name of 
 the French comnmuler, aiul to rifju'st thr governor 
 to ^ive orders '.hat the Frcncli niight be furnished 
 
 -^ 
 
 \ 
 
I . I'll .JI M ■ j j^ my i . .-yrT.j«>^- 
 
**»'::^t: 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 119 
 
 with whatever supplies they wanted, before the 5th 
 day of April. M. Boutin experienced the most po- 
 lite reception from the go"ernor-general j and the 
 most positive orders were issued for the furnishing 
 of the supplies which he required. A letter from 
 the governor-general to the commandant of Cavite, 
 authorised the latter to permit the French naviga- 
 tors to hold free intercourse with the shore, and to 
 procure from it every requisite assistance and con- 
 venience. From this time, they experienced the 
 most obliging hospitality fvom the inhabitants of Ca- 
 vite. Their intercourse with the shore was very 
 frequent and very agreeable. Houses for repairing 
 their sails, salting their provisions, building two 
 boats, erecting their observatory, and lodging their 
 Naturalists and Engineers, — were furnished with a 
 hospitable readiness and a happy accommodation, 
 which they should hardly have experienced, even in 
 
 any po 
 
 \ 
 
 rt of Europe. M. Be 
 
 rmuucs, commander in 
 
 the. Port of Cavite, paid the most assiduous "Mention 
 to all their wants and wishes. On the 2d day after 
 their arrival at Cavite, the two French captains, 
 with several of their oiKccrs, sailed in their boats to 
 visit the city of Manilla. 'Ihcy were entertained 
 by the governor at dinner j he then sent the captain 
 of his guards to conduct them to the houses of the 
 Archbishop, tlis Intendant, and tlie other principal 
 ofhcers of the government, resident in Manilla. 
 They would have been exceedingly incommoded by 
 the excessive licat, had not M. bcbir, a French mer- 
 chant, politely sent them his coach to conduct them 
 • n the dilFtrent visits which they had to pay in the 
 
' 120 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 town. At Manilla, M. de la Peyrouse saw M. To- 
 bias, once governor of the Mariannes, whose cha- 
 racter had been honoured by Raynal with such 
 praises, that his countrymen were excited to abhor 
 him as an unbeliever ; and even his own wife, a wo- 
 man madly fanatical, sued out a divorce against him, 
 on account of his infidelity. The French officers 
 could not but in gratitude pay a visit to their oblig- 
 ing countryman, M. Sebir. They found him to be 
 a man of a very enlightened understanding, and an 
 excellent heart. He had come to Manilla with 
 hopes of finding here commercial advantages, of 
 which he already saw himself disappointed by the 
 prejudices against strangers, and the despotism of the 
 administration. At 6 o'clock in the evening, the 
 French gentlemen returned to their boats ; and a- 
 bout eight, they were again on board their frigates. 
 In circumstances so advantageous, they were encou- 
 raged to ovtrhawl their rigging^ and to make f- 
 most thorough repairs upon every thing about tl 
 ships, that wanted reparation. To prevent any in- 
 convenience from the tardiness of the merchants 
 who had undertaken to furnish them with flour, bis- 
 cuit, and other stores, — M. Consoles Carmagnal, 
 Intendant of the Philippines, obligingly inspected the 
 progress of the workmen, and hastened every thing 
 as if he himself had been personally concerned in 
 the success of the expedition of the French voyagers. 
 Nor did the kindness of this gentleman rest here : 
 He made the French Naturalists accept a multitude 
 cf valuable specimens from his rich collections of 
 the curiosities of the Philippines. He assisted thcra 
 
KOUND THE \i'ORLi). 
 
 121 
 
 in r>rocarInc{ money for bills of exchans{e to the a- 
 mount of ij,coo piastics, which M. Khtockenstroni 
 had, by this time, authorised them to draw upon 
 him on account of th.eir otter-skins which Ind been 
 left for sale under his chariTc. Th/s money was n:)\v 
 distiibuted amon^j the sailors, as had been formerly 
 promised to them. 1 he climate of Manilla proved 
 less hos}>itable to our voyagers than \vcrc its inha- 
 bitants. 'I he excessive heats proved unfavourable 
 to the health of the ships ccmpXnics, in ^^-neral. 
 Several of the sailors were attacked n-ith colic-. 
 IMcssrs de Lamanon and Diiigrcmont, wlio were ill 
 with dysentciies when they arrived in the port of 
 Civite, became contitiually worse while on land 
 there. IVL DaI;;rcmont died on the 2 ^th day after 
 his arrival. M. Lamanon, with diPaculty, escaped. 
 On tl.e /8lh of Alarch. the French voyagers had fi- 
 nished everv labour that thev intended to execute 
 at Cavlte. I'he salting of their proviscms they had 
 performed themselves, upon the plan of procedure 
 recommended by Commodoie Cooiv. While they 
 were pre])aring to depart, they were Informed of the 
 arrival In Canton River, of two French ships of war; 
 L(} R'so/i/l-off, under the command of i\l. d'Entre- 
 casteaux ; and La Subfi/(\ commanded by I\I. la 
 Cioix de Castries. These gentlemen \vere ujion a 
 voyage, of which the astronomical obstrvatlons must 
 hereafter prove highly benendal to the navigation 
 
 V 
 
 f th 
 
 ese sfas. 
 
 The frij'atc La Subtile soon after 
 
 joined our navigators in the Bay of Manilla, and 
 bioumlit dispatches to M de la Pcyrouse. Eut no 
 private IcUers were as yet received from Trance, 
 

 104 
 
 LA PEYROUSJS'S VOYAGE 
 
 '1 
 
 From on board Lu Subtile, a supply of an ofiicei' 
 atid four men to each of the fiigates belonging to 
 this expedition, -.vas received, for the purpose of 
 making up the loss they had suffered at Fort de 
 Francois. M. de Saint Ceran being in a very de- 
 clining state of health, took the opportunity of de- 
 parting in la Subtile for the isle of France, After 
 our voyagers were in almost all respects ready to sail, 
 the toming on of Passion-week occasioned delays in 
 particular articles, by which they were obliged to 
 defer their departure ti; Easter- Monday. During 
 the stay at Cavite, M. Hagelet, the astronomer, had 
 enjoyed great advantages for his a'-tronomical obNer- 
 vatlons J and he failed not to avail himstlf of them. 
 He was enabled to determine tlie E. hong, of Ca- 
 vite to be in ub" 50' 4.-", and its N. Lat. in 14" 
 29' 9" Befo'c their departure, M. de la Peyrouse, 
 with IVl, de Larglc, went to thank the governor- 
 jreneral for the attention he had shown to the expe- 
 diting of tli'.ir alValrs. They waited nUo on the in- 
 lendant y to whom their acknowledgments were not 
 less due. After tl>is, they were hospitably enter- 
 tained, for two days longer, at the house of JVI. Sc- 
 bir, from whirli they took occasion to visit whatever 
 was most rcm.itkabh,; in the environs of liie town of 
 M..nilla. 
 
 '1 he following are the principal obsri vatlons which 
 
 the i' 
 
 rench navig.'ton 
 
 hid 
 
 opportunity to make on 
 
 the state of Cavite ti'-.a !\lanlHa, during their stay 
 in these patts. — Cwirn Is situate 3 leagues "i, VV. 
 from Manilla. Jt was formcily more considerable 
 &ud llourlbhing tluti at prcicut. Its principal inha- 
 
 V V 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 1^3 
 
 bitants now are, tlic commandant of the arsenal, « 
 contHclor, a commandant of the town, two lieuten- 
 ants of the port, 130 soldiers witli their uilicers in 
 garrison. The rest of the townsmen are mulattoes 
 or Indians, to t'.ie number of about 4000, who live 
 partly in the city, and partly in the suburb of iJt 
 Roch. Il'ire are three convents, each occupied by 
 only two ecclesiastics. I'he parishes are tuo ii\ 
 r.umber. An hiuKJsome house, which belonged for- 
 merly to the Jesuits, is now appropriated to the use 
 of the Royal Commercial Company. The whole 
 town, in truth, ha- more the air of an heap of ruins, 
 than of the capital of a province. The port, how- 
 ever, inspected by M. Bermudcs, is in a much bet- 
 ter state. He has established admirable discipline 
 and order in those works winch ar-: carried on in it. 
 The workh.'uses are tlie same as in the arsenals of 
 Europe J the workmen are Indinns.— The City ok' 
 IMami.la, with its suburbs and in. lediate invlrons, 
 is of ;;reaf extent. Of 38,0*0 persons, the whole 
 number of its inliabltanti, not more than 1000 or 
 1230, arc Sp'.niards. Mulattoes, Chinese, and In- 
 dians, make up the rest. Kven the poorest of the 
 SpHni"!) families, keeps at least one carria^'C. A 
 beautiful river, flowing by Manilla, divides itself, in 
 its progress, into several dlllVrcnt channels, of which 
 the two principal fall into the famous lake of Ba- 
 MiA. Thu lake lies at the ilistance of 7 lea^rucn 
 backward into the interior country, amidst an emi- 
 nently fertile territory, and is bordtied by more 
 than 100 Indian villn^es. INIanilla s'ands on the ve- 
 ry shore of the Bay which bears its name. Tl iy 
 
 K 2 
 
.T24 
 
 LA P E Y R i; 3 K ' S \- O Y . i C C 
 
 Bay r: more than 2^ lencruc^ !>? circumrerence. The 
 river, wliicli pri.>>sc.s by IVlaniila to j)(>ur hb waters in- 
 to this bny, Is nav:;;;ible as far urnvards as to the lake 
 of Bahia. I be markets of'tiiis citv afford all the ne- 
 cessarles of life in t'\ei;rcatest abund..nce j but, on ac- 
 i. count or the restraints upon tiie freedom of trade, 
 tl'.c prices uf all goods of luirupcan Tuniuifacture arc 
 liere enormou \y hij;h. Of t.iie I-'h/lippp;!: Islks, in 
 general, It must be fjwned. that the Spaniards do not 
 appear di.ly to und'.rstand and cultivate their impor- 
 tai'ce. I liCsc i>lcs are peopled by no fever thnn 
 3,oco,coo of Inhabitants, of which I^uconia alone 
 contains about one-third part. Neither In their bo- 
 dily nor mental power3, do the natives appear to 
 yield at all to our Europeans. They practise both 
 the agricultural and the mechanic arts, with abund* 
 ant dexterity and skill. The Spaniards, indeed, 
 speak of them with contempt. But their vices seem 
 rather to be produced by the government under 
 which they are enslaved, than to be the rciults of 
 their native character. The hopes of gold were 
 the first motives which iuvluced the Spaniards to oc- 
 cupy t'.ie I'hilippliie Islands. '1 iie.e, however, iiave 
 been but veiy poorly gratUud. Supervlition next 
 «oii^ht its haive.'>ts, in the conver^on of the native 
 Inhabitant'^ of these i^ks to the Catholic religion. 
 CouiilJcraulc success attendcil its endeavours, and 
 nil e.\trava^;nntly severe ])enilentlary discipline was, 
 in conscfiucncc, rstabli*.hcd nmnn;; the converts, 
 Tiic Calhulic pini.tnts of Alanilla mi>;ht olicn vie 
 uith the Indian b'a«);iir<i, In the severity of the dis- 
 tipliuc to which tlicy voluntarily submit. 'I'lie 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 125 
 
 spontaneous abundance of nature encourages these 
 people to Indulge in an indolence, Avhich they con- 
 nect with their piety, by ducking in great numbers 
 to languish out life in monastic retieats. The go- 
 vernment adopts no wise nor generous measures, to 
 kindle up among its subjects the spirit of active ex- 
 ertion. Sugar has been occasionally sold here lor 
 less than an half-penny a pound •, and rice has been 
 suffered to rot unreapcd upon the ground. Severe 
 ecclesiastical tyranny here cramps and depresses t]?e 
 human i)0wers. Yet the peasants wear an air of 
 happiness, which is rarely to be seen in the hamlets- 
 or villages of J.urope. Their houses are s^ idi'd by 
 fruit trees, which grow wllliout culture *, and they 
 appear remarka'jly neat. The head of every fami- 
 ly pays a very njodeuate tax, of only five reals andi 
 an half, in which is Included the ta.\ to the church, 
 as well as that to the king. Tiie bishops, canons, 
 and priests, enjoy but moderate stipends, which are 
 paid to th(.m from the government. No people iu 
 the world are more passionately fond of tobacco 
 than the inhibitants of tiiesc isles. Ev^'it the chil- 
 dren begin in very infancy to use it. Scarcely a 
 man or woman is to l)e seen at any n. < 'nt, tlirough* 
 out the whole d iv, without a sc;',ar in »hp mouth. 
 The Island of huconlst affords the benf to!)ac« > in 
 all Asia. Every peasant cultivutCi) the plant a- 
 round his own hou>e. It is c.x|)orted hence into 
 every part of India, by those foreign vessels wliicli 
 have peinti'ision to laud at Manilla. But the ava- 
 rice and iuhiimani»y of the government have lately 
 Impoicd a tax, and piohibitory rcsliiclloas, which 
 
i;« 
 
 LA r i; VR(i V'-i MS \ «) Y A<! V. 
 
 uirrnlni to M.isf ill ilir little hupjiinrss lii;it tlic 
 ]u'0|>li' «t| ihcsr i^lcs Ikivc contimiril, till tliis time, t(? 
 nijc^y. roKi.n, imliiM), siiv;;ii canes g\<>\v lici'c sjioii. 
 tuiiooiislv, ill iMcMt ;il)\iiulaiu c I'mlcr proper ciiic 
 .111(1 cultivation, thi' spires ot' tlic i'iiilipplMr Isjcs 
 xvn\ili| pioliaMv not vicKI to iliosc ol the i\lfiliic( as, 
 \ ;u-\v ( (itnpany ior the coinnicK c ol tlicsc isles, his 
 ht'.ii r.tcly cicrtcd hv the Spmlsh ircn'rnnnt'nt. 
 The iMcat ohjiTt ol Spain, iii iispci't^lo ihc tiMiU? 
 between IM.inill.i and 'he ports of the Iiuiian < onti- 
 lunt, is, to prot lire lluiui<;h this ihanni I, lor the 
 Use pailieulatly ot h<'r Anu'ilian coKniies, and even 
 id the p.iicnt i onutrv, thos,* artieUs (d use or ic". 
 tiry, \vhM h are the prop»r pKului e am! niannlacturrt 
 ol Inilia .ind China. I'"or this end, ihi'ii is a lair 
 ]\c\\.\ at iM.tnillii, \vhi(.h is open to the Indian nitionv 
 only. 'I'o this laii, ti'.e i;ooils lor sale ate indeed 
 broiu;!)! under Indian names ; hut thev arc always 
 iMu'lish nroiiertv, auvl are sohl on aeeouiU «)l I'.ni lish 
 merchants. Sonu* Spanish setllenuiits subsist pre- 
 cariously, and in no very llourishini; state, on thoe 
 islands whieh lie southwaril iVoni l.ui onia. 1 he 
 isl< s ot iMiM>\N \o, P\NAY, ai.v. l^llNllOono, ate inha- 
 bittil bv l\lal»\s, whose piralieal depredations aic 
 r\lrt«ul> troubltsume to tht' SpaniauN and tlieir 
 Jndiju Mibiccls. 'I liev talvC ntanv captives in thtii 
 piracies, which aie iViOjUcntly purcliastd fiom them 
 fot slaves, by th.e very comm.uidcis ut' tlic .Spanish 
 militia whieh has been ioriucd to oppose iheir dc- 
 nceiUs. At S;t:Til;o.mg.in, in the island ot iVlindinao, 
 U A tpanisli ijunison ot" l^^o men, whr-sc ccinma ;der 
 
 IS aivo ijovcujor o 
 
 i ll 
 
 ic itlc 
 
 n 
 
 IC OlIliM' l« 
 
 Ic^ ll 
 
 <VC 
 
 ( 1 
 
n. I) rN II rif r; \v on f, t). 
 
 127 
 
 lie 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 liii 
 
 
 only ^ Ipw vlllii(rcs, piotrctrd l)y pftfy haf tcilcs, 
 ;niil by a militia uiidr r ilic rommand f)t tiic Alcadc<). 
 Nature appears in its most cntlMMtiii|r beauty iti the 
 n<i;;lili()mlif)nd ol tlu* city of Manilla. A simple 
 Indian village, or a lioiist: in llic I'luropcaii style, 
 Miiroumlid by a iew trees, ullltlicic prc<cnt a view 
 niDie iptei(stiiiv;ly pirturcsquc than the most ina;»- 
 iiihccnt p.tlaecs ol Murope. Very little artificial. 
 ('mbcUisiimcnl has berii atlrmpfed in these scenes. 
 A '.pacioiis house on the watvi's I'd^c, with conve- 
 iii( 111 biilhs, and shaded only by a few fruit-tree^, 
 l.i the most sum|>tuous habitati(,n that even opulence 
 heir r( 'jiiires. 'I'hc Spatiiards Mr. universally accus- 
 tomed, iinmeiliately after tli<! I'.aster holidays, to 
 retire Ironi t!ie town, to vp( nd the hot part of the 
 season at tlwir country-houses, A sin};lc IVIexIcan rc- 
 jfnnent of Mifantry, eoiisistin;; ol i_^':o effective inen, 
 eotnposis tlic whole j'lriison ol Manilhi in tlu time 
 of peace, 'I'lie forii'ieations have been lately str(n;^th- 
 eiu d and enlar^M'd, uniUr the direction of I\l. Sail/, 
 .' very able tnj;ineer, Ilerc air, br.'ide the jNirri- 
 '.on, two coinpauits ol ariilhry, ( ()M"iIstiii;r of i6j 
 ni(*n, with olfu er.'i i i 1,0 diaf^oonsi and a battalion 
 of I 2'^^ militia, wlio are all Chinese of half blood.-— 
 S M h w.i-i the principal information which the Trench 
 Maviijaturs obtained at Cavllc and IManilla. 
 
 CIIAl* 
 
ll I 
 
 128 
 
 I. A PEYROUS F^s vo V ^c;R; 
 
 \\ 
 
 c. n A V V i.R 1:1 f; H I 11. 
 
 NARKATIVKOF TIIK V lAt.K ((INTINlnai KROM TllEg/ZiOf 
 AVJIJUST 1787. 
 
 fOURSi; TO r.XPI <*RK TIIV N. I. (OAST (IK CHINA, AND (IIT- 
 NFSl: T AKTAK V , msiOVKKIKS IN TIIK SIAOT J A I' A N , IN 
 THF. (11 ANNH, DP TARTAUV, CN Till TARTARIAN (OAST, 
 
 WiiFN tlie Vroncli voy.ic;cr> were just alioiit to sail 
 from tlio jn)rt of Cavitc, tlicy received a farewell 
 vl'it fiiini till ir friend 1\I. Hiiimul' ., wlio assuird 
 tlum that tlie N XL. Monsoon would not yt't, for a 
 monlli, make that oliangc which was necessary tv) 
 reiulcr their sail'nir pioipcroiis, in their liestincil 
 coxirse. lUit lluy were in)|Kitient to proceed, and 
 flattered t'lcmselves \\ith the hope of a lueky exccp- 
 tii n for this year, such ss mi^^ht duly iavour their 
 ui>hrs. On the i;th of Apiil, tlicy sailed wiih .1 
 fine breeze at N. iC. Small variations of the winds 
 allowed tlum to );et speedily to the noithward of 
 the Maud of Li'.conia ; hut tl'cv h id hirdiv sailed 
 
 - 
 
 roun.) Cai'K lirjAooR, when the wind steadily settled 
 at N. v.. On the 2ist of April, they u ached the 
 island ot Koumosa. In the channtl liet^veen that isle 
 aid LuciMiIi, they met with some very violent cur- 
 rents 0( casioned prohahly i). irregular tidis. 'Ihey 
 vcre, on tlic .it) of Aptil, about -j leaj[ucs distnnt, 
 E. by S. from JLainay hiAud, wnkh is at the J?. \V, 
 
 t! 
 
 f) 
 
 tl 
 
 sti 
 th 
 
 Sfi 
 
 w 
 
 UK 
 tin 
 
 cl 
 
 sit 
 
 Hit 
 ho 
 
 Jill 
 
 leii 
 (!u, 
 
 t'Ml 
 
noiiNH ''MiK ^v'ir:. n. 
 
 129 
 
 iKll* 
 
 11 .1 
 
 lIUl i 
 
 11 of 
 lilcil 
 
 t'lO 
 
 isli: 
 
 ur- 
 
 U' 
 
 7 
 
 n' 
 
 po'w.l of Formosn. The sea licrc rolled in very 
 Iiii.;ii bilious: ( )i]r voy.i|^;crs were led to tliink, 
 that tlicy ini!.;ht procce I more lasjly iiorthwuHJ, iF 
 tliey n,iv;lil iipproach ?i( iu'm- to tlie Cliiiicsc coast ; 
 Uiiilcr the N. N. I'., uiiuls, tiiey steered to tlie N. 
 W. Ill ihr middle (it the cliaiuu-l, in 2." 1,7' N. 
 L;it. ;tiul ill I 16" 41' 1',. I.ou'.f. they ioiiiul, upoti 
 soundin^^, a sandy buttuin, uiidcf 21; fithonni de[)tli 
 of water : In 4 minutes, the depth of the water was 
 diminislifd to 19 fathoms : A short time after, the 
 line indicated only 12 fathoms. 'I'hey were at this 
 time more than 5 lca;;ues distant from the Chinese 
 roi'sr. Very properly jiid.'.in^, tlictcf^re, that, 
 this shallowness of the water intlicatcd the presence 
 of a saiuibanl; not yet laid down in any of the charts •, 
 they turned their cours ajjain toward llic island of 
 I'ormosi. I'inding tht iiie};ularitits of the bottom 
 still to continue j ihry cast anchor, ard halted till 
 the morning. In the morning, no hrcolicrs were 
 
 seen aroiin 
 
 dtl 
 
 icm ; an 
 
 dtl 
 
 lev rcnewe 
 
 d th 
 
 cir course to- 
 
 ward the continent of China. They were again in a 
 short time alainied by a slallo^vnesR of the water, and 
 inequalities of the bottom, similar to those which 
 they had before observed. To gel beyond the sphere 
 of lliis danger, they tiiri\(d their c>Mirse to the op|)0-. 
 
 site point ot tiie coiupass. 
 
 S. I'., by I" 
 
 After run 
 
 iiiiig in this maiiiu'r six leagues »A'er an unefjual 
 i)Olt m of lock, and sand, »n i ilepth of water vary- 
 ing from eleven to twenty four fathoms, they at 
 
 li 
 
 tndi 
 
 ngtii t'luiul their soundings begin to indicate gra- 
 
 tlually d'.oper and deeptr water, till at last, about. 
 \<'\\ o'cloci; in the cveuinis al the dlstanrc of abou*. 
 
130 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 twelve leas^ues from the point from which they re- 
 vertt^d their course, ihey could find no bottom. The 
 bank., of which they thus ascertained the existence, 
 has its S. E. extremity in iz° 52' N. Lat. and in 
 
 117" ^' E. Long. 
 
 They were now carried towards the entrance of 
 the Bay of Old Fort Zealand, on which stands the 
 city of Taywan, the cajiit'-il of the ifile. The Chi- 
 nese colony of Tokmosa was, at this time, in a state 
 of revolt J and an army of twenty thousand men had 
 been sent, under the command of the USantoq of 
 Canton, to reduce tliem to their duty. Desirous to 
 learn news of this war. La Peyrcuse came to an 
 anchor a little westward from that bay, in water of 
 the depth of seventeen fathoms. But, it afterwards 
 occurred to his rellection j that there might be dan- 
 ger in sending boats on shore, while the ships were 
 at such a dislaiice out at sea \ and that, to u very 
 considerable distance from the shore, the channel of 
 the bay was, according to the old accounts of the 
 Dutch, too sliallow to be safely acccisible to the 
 frigates. He attempted, the**' .-, only to accost 
 some of the Chinese fishing-bo-its which were fre- 
 quent around him, and to oht ' \ from them the in- 
 formaiion whicii he wanted. With d lliculty, he 
 prevailed with one man to come on board *, who sold 
 them some fisl)es at his own pi ice, but could nor, 
 for the want of signs or speech mutually intelli- 
 gible, communicate any nevvs to satisfy their curio- 
 sity. Fires, wh'.ch might bt signals of alarm, were 
 seen on the shore. IJut, it seemed probable, that 
 the Chinese and the rcbil armies weif, at this time. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 J3I 
 
 upon some different ])art of the coast. Sailinfr, on 
 the next day, td leagues northward, our navigp.tors 
 came within sight of these sirmies, at the mouth of 
 a great river, in 23" 23' N. Lat. Opposite to the 
 mouth of this river, in thirty seven fathoms of water, 
 over a muddy ground, the frigates cast anchor. At 
 the same place lay the Chinese fleet, consisting of a 
 great multitude of vessels. Before day, our voya- 
 gers were obliged, by the badness of the weather, 
 to weigh anchor, without having j;alned that know- 
 ledge which they ardently desired, concerning the 
 designs and movements of the warlike force before 
 them. Htnndig fiom the shore, \^ilh topsails and 
 courses cloie reefed. M. de Peyrouse hoped, that 
 
 he might double the Pescaoore Isles, by keeping 
 the ship's liead to the N. VV., before a N. N. E. 
 wind. To his astonishment, f.t nine o'clock in the 
 morning, several rucks, m ikmcr a part of that groupe 
 of isles, were seen before them, in tlie bearing of 
 N. N. VV. The billows rolled so hi;rli^ and so tem- 
 pestuoi s, that the bvcfhers frjm tlicse rocks were 
 not to be distinguished fiom tln;m. 'i'hey now tcich- 
 ed and sto'id towaiils r ormosa. In this continu'Uion 
 of tlicir course, they found the channel, betur^,a 
 Formosa and tlie isles N. E. of the P' «c;idores, not 
 to exceed four Itat'ues in breadth. Pcrcei^ in^ it, 
 
 at length, 
 
 impossible, that they should suc- 
 
 ceed in ati ()ni[)hstiing thtir course through this 
 c'.r.uint I, before the change of the mon oon ; they 
 weie induced to direct their progress towards the 
 most southern of ihc Pcycudores, beailng W. S. W. 
 %vith the purpose of pussmg to tiic Eastward of 
 
PM: 
 
 132 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE 
 
 Formosa. They sailed alon^% parallel to the Pes- 
 cadores, at two leagues of distance from them. 
 
 These isles extend southward, at least as far as 
 23° 25'. They are merely an assemblage of rocks 
 in almost every possible diversity of shapes. Five 
 of them are of moderate elevation, like sandy do\vns, 
 hut without trees. One exhibits as perfect a re- 
 semblance to the tower of Cordouan, at the mouth 
 of the river of Bourdeaux, as if it had been hewn 
 out with hands. The Dutch, when masters of For- 
 mosa, fortified the port of Ponghou, one of these 
 isles : The Chinese, at present, maintain in it a gar- 
 rison of five or six hundred 1 aitars. Sounding- 
 sever;!! times where the water was considerably 
 smooth, under the shelter of these isles, they found 
 a sandy bottom, with remaikable inequalities of 
 depth. 
 
 Soon after, they directed their course E. S. E., 
 of purpose to pass into tbe channel between For- 
 mosa and the Jjashie Islands. Next day, they 
 experienced a violent but transient blast of wind. 
 Rains, such as are to be equalled only between the 
 tropics, accoinp.inieil the winds. Li^htnin^s, with 
 inct^ss'jnt Hashes, fioni every point of tl'.c horizon, 
 inH nud ihc skies, througho t the night. One 
 loud burstin;', tl>ip of thunder v;as, alone, heard. 
 The wind was at N. W. durino this whole nii;ht : 
 The chmds flew towanls the south-west : A f 
 which hovered low over their head-., foUcnved th( 
 
 'K> 
 
 imrulse of the lower currents of air, al 
 
 one. 
 
 it 
 
 seemed as if vome crisis of nature ^vere threatened : 
 and our navigators v.'erc, thcicfore, induced to steer 
 
 I 
 
 tl 
 o 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 ^^S 
 
 'or- 
 
 liiul. 
 the 
 
 |,vith 
 
 Lon, 
 
 )nc 
 
 lo a distance from the .sliore. Duriiijr the next day 
 
 they weis cietained in a dead cihu, m ili; 
 
 ddl 
 
 middie 
 
 ot th'j c 11 an lie 
 
 I bet 
 
 vv 
 
 ecn the Bashce Islaudi, and 
 
 those of BoToL Tabaco-xima. Of this channel, the 
 width may be sixteen leagues. Enabled by the 
 winds to approach the isle of Kotol Tabaco-xima j 
 thty could distincily peiceive three villages on Its 
 southern coast. A canoe seemed to bend its course 
 toivaids them, from ihe sliore. '1 he S. E. point 
 
 o 
 
 f the isle is in 2 
 
 
 N. Lat. in 1 n^'^ 3/ E, 
 
 Long. rhe only bay in the isl-.nd, being open to 
 the S. E. winds, which our voyagers hud now the 
 
 mos 
 
 in 
 
 St to fear J tliey ^Ncre hence deterred from m.ik- 
 g any attempt to land. No bottom was to h>» 
 found l>y th.e soundings of the frig itcs, even at their 
 nearest approaches In Dolo/ Tabuco xima. The islt: 
 may be abo-.it four leagues in ciiciunfcrence. It is 
 separated by a chanml of half a leag^ie, fiini an 
 uninliabitable rocky i.-lct, the surface of which dis- 
 plays somo shrubs, willi a li'th; gr:}s«y verdure. 
 From the sea-shore, for ixv^- thirds of its elevation, 
 ' l^olol Tabaco xiina, {irrscnts a territory clear ot 
 wood J in many [)laccs cuUivatcd j lurrowcd, hero 
 and there, with the channels of torrents which are 
 occasionally precipitated fioni the mountains. The 
 !f)cri)r one thiril oi the elevntloi of the i<.le, is co- 
 lie ver/ summit, w th tiecj of tlic largest 
 
 r/, 
 
 vere 
 
 SI 
 
 d to t 
 
 ze. Three consider tble vlllagis, s».cn by the 
 French navigators, within the space of a league, 
 seem to bespeak this isle to be not scantily peopled. 
 In clear weather, Botol rabaco-ximi may prcl.ably 
 be seen at 15 leagues distance \ but It is often hk"- 
 
^34 
 
 LA peyrocse's voyage 
 
 .1 ! 
 
 I! 
 
 rounded by fogs which must conceal it from the 
 mariner's view. 
 
 Our voyagers, after passing this i-le, had to con- 
 tinue their course amid an archipelago of islands, 
 which was hitherto known to the geographers of 
 J^Iurope, only from a letter of the missionary father 
 Gaubil. In that letter, he speaks with but little 
 accuracy concerning the kingdom of Li(^ueo, and 
 its six-and thirty islands, from the information of 
 the King of Lifjueo's ambassador at Plkin. Every 
 degree of vigilance and caution was, therefore, to 
 be exerted, in advancing through this track. On 
 the jth of Tvlay, at i o'clock in the morning, they 
 came within sight of an island bearing from them 
 N. N. £. They sailed along its western coast, at 
 half a league's distance from the shore. No bottom 
 could be found by their soundings here. Fires, in 
 several places, and herds of oxen grazing on the 
 sea-shore, soon evinced to them that this isle was 
 inhabited. Canoes c<ime to visit them fiom the 
 shore. Eat, after the curiosity of tl:e persons in 
 those caiioes had brought them within musket- shot 
 of the frigates, their distrust made them flee away 
 with great celerity. The show of presents, with 
 friendly shouts, and gestures, at length won two o- 
 ther canoes to come alofipsidc tlie fripntes. To tlie 
 persons in these, presents of a pirce of nunkecn, 
 and some medals, were offered •, which were recei- 
 ved with exprcsr.ions of gratitude. When about to 
 come on board tlie French vessels, they, with so- 
 lemn gcstine, pl;5ced their hands on their breasts, 
 and then rai-ed their arms towards the sky 5 and 
 the repetition of the^e er.'sturvs bv the French. 
 
KOUND THE WORLD. 
 
 I3S 
 
 sfemed to Inspire them with new confidence. Still, 
 however, they could not divest themselves of a dif- 
 fidence which was strongly expressed in their coun- 
 tenances. They are not, by nation, either Chinese 
 or Japanese. In their aspect, they seem to partake 
 of the exterior char.Tcter of both tliese two different 
 races of people. Thtir canoes were hollowed tiunks 
 of trees •, and they did not row them with the dex- 
 terity of a people accnstomed "o live chielly at sea. 
 Each wore a dagger with a golden handle. They 
 wore the hair tucked up, and faitened on the crown 
 of thfi head with a golden pin. Their clothes were 
 a shirt and a pair of cotton drawers. Their isle is 
 not more than three or four leagues In circumfe- 
 rence i nor is it probable that tlie whole number of 
 the inhabitants exceed four or !i\e hundicd. Ku:>u 
 is the ancient name of the isle, its position is in 
 24° 33' N. Lat. in i2c'^ 50' E. Long. On the 
 chart of Father Gaubil, the Kcmi Islis are a groupe 
 of eignt •, and of these, it is tlie most western >vhich 
 thft French navigators now s.tw from thcii siiips. 
 The other seven isles to the eastward, were re- 
 moved beyond the sphere of their horizon. From 
 what Gaubil says of the great inland of Liqueo, it 
 seems probable that Europeans might there find a 
 favourable reception *, and that tijey m.g'.it open h 
 commercial intercourse with its inhabitants, not 
 less advantageous tlian that with Japan. 
 
 The Indians of Kumi, reconciled to the French 
 by their presents, and tlieir gentle demeanour, had 
 returned on shorv, to bring them fresh provisions. 
 But, a fair wind arising, encouraged our navigators 
 
 L 2 
 
'j« 
 
 L A r E Y R O U S E ' S \- O \' A C E 
 
 lo c-ini'iniic tlitir cnurse, \vitliout av.altin^r these 
 f^ood peonlc^s renewed visit. They locfedcd 
 rtonhwarcl with ;:li their .vaiis sc: ; aiul, at snn^et, 
 had ciiflrcly lo^t sight of the i>les of Kumi. At day- 
 brc.ik, i>n llic folhiivin;;- moininc, they came, fust, 
 v.ichin si';ht of an i^lmd lo the N. N. K. and then 
 of sevcr.ii rocky is^e'^ farthv?r to the cast. Tlic 
 isle is rou'.ul, \\i ody, tW^p on rll side?, and most 
 piohably uiiir.ii«j!v.ud. It ma\ he about 2 leagues 
 iu tircL:!v.ft.r^j)CC. An.>tiier ish-, of equal .size, si- 
 mihir form, a :VAU\:e alike wou leJ, hut of infeJor 
 
 ilev.iiion, ppfcau-J, sonn after, in vi 
 
 cvv, 
 
 ]U[ 
 
 u'ccn 
 
 l.'jLS'JsIf.s wcrt £:cn f»vc intetj^rcnl groupcs of rocks, 
 v.'ith nunibcilc&s r,ca fculs dying around. To the 
 foimcr of these isles, M. de la Peyrouse gave the 
 iiamv' of TiAuyu-r.-j j to t];e lattwr, that of Hoa 
 
 riNsu 
 
 both adoiittd from the chart of Father Gaubil. 
 ■7.Vn-5j;w.j.v lies in 25° 5;;' in 1:.° 17'j HhV-.l-tu in 
 23° .|4' I\\ Lat. in 12;*^ 14' E. Lon^. At Icn^rth, 
 cur voyagcis luid Itfc behind ihem the archipe- 
 lago of i!;c i'lt'3 of Liqueo •, Hn'i entered the more 
 
 spacious :ca 
 
 bel 
 
 ween 
 
 Ch 
 
 ma an 
 
 d Jap 
 
 in. 
 
 Th 
 
 ey 
 
 ucre anxiously desirous lo enter the channel of 
 Japan, before the 20wh of May. But, thick iind 
 constant fogs ; \«inds, if not nd verse, yet blow in;' 
 i.bvays fuintly, and subsiding often into a dead calm ; 
 vlolc'U cuirenls: and tides incessantly varying in 
 tlitirdirtclion ; lenucied their course al^ig the north 
 roast of China, %^ very difiicult, tlrat, without rclin- 
 <|uishinx their pr" Ions arran^emtnts in respect 10 
 tint", ihcy could not make th;U minute n.iulical sur- 
 vey of t)ic»c ptuls, which, for the interesln of navi. 
 gallon, is very earnestly io be 'siied, Jn tlic 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 ^37 
 
 Pl- 
 
 ubil. 
 ti ill 
 
 IVipc- 
 
 inoro 
 
 hcv 
 
 I of 
 
 unci 
 
 itlm ; 
 Ir >'» 
 
 iilln- 
 l \o 
 Isuv* 
 h vi- 
 lli I 
 
 course of lo or 12 days snilln^, only one day ^vas 
 clear. On it, they saw an islet situate in 3:^" 45' 
 N. Lat. in 121" 26' E. Lonp. But fop^s quickly 
 obscured the sky nnew ; and they could not ascer- 
 tain any thing concerning the position of tills isle in 
 relation to the continent. On the igth of May, af- 
 ter a fortnight of calms and fof^s, the horizon ex- 
 panded around them for several leajrucs j the wind 
 settling in the N. \V. began to blow with consider- 
 able foicej but the sky continued to present still 
 a dull, whitish aspect. 'I he French navigators now 
 directed their course N. E. by E. towards the is- 
 land of Qt^'ELPAERT. On the 21st, this isle appear- 
 ed within tiieir view. A fair day enabled them to 
 determine, from lunar observalion, that its position 
 is in .^3° 14' N. Lnt. in 124" 13' E. Long. Its as- 
 pect is exceedingly iniercsrlng : in the middle ot thia 
 isle, towers up, to the elevation f f about lo-o tciscF, 
 a j)eak which is visible at the distance of 18 or 20 
 leagues : from the decks, with the aid of their per- 
 ^pcctive glasses, our voyagers could discern the 
 fields ro be even minutely subdivided by iixlo'.ures : 
 the luxuriant crops, and the varying culouis of cil- 
 livation, likewise met and dclighrcd the eye, Un 
 this isle, at that time under the dominion of the 
 King of CoRKA, Wis wrecked, in the year 1635, a 
 Dutch ship, named the S^nrrGwhawi'. Its crew 
 escaped the rage of (he billows, only to be doomed 
 to perpetual lervltuue among the iniuiman pruplc, 
 on whose shores they were c.»st. After a captivity 
 of 1 8 year*, during which they had suftVred much 
 cr«cl treatment, some of these unfortunate captives, 
 
 L3 
 
if I 
 
 : 
 
 
 >3S 
 
 L y\ r E Y R O U S K ■* S VOYAGE 
 
 rontrivrnf; to seize a baik, escaped in it to Japan, 
 from which they made their way, first to Batavia, 
 und afterwards to Anistcrdam. 'I"\vo tanoes were 
 'ten to come of! from tliis isle. But they \vere pro- 
 i>.tl)]y s'^ni, rniher to watch, than to l);iil the French 
 friqates : for ihcy came not up 
 
 to th 
 
 cm. 
 
 Our voya<fers still advanced. They jiassrd east- 
 ward from the :\. E. jjoint of the island of Qiiel- 
 pacrt. Kvery hour they sounchci ; and the (lej)ih 
 continued to vary from (>o to 70 fathoms. Ii\ N. 
 I. at. 35" ly I- I^oni^. 127*' 7' they fell in with the 
 n)ost nortlu rn of a chxin of rocks, more than i ; 
 le.iir>^>ts distant from the continent of Corea. Tlitir 
 Li'iirinif i? ncaily N. K. ar.d S. W^ Chi the day fol- 
 lowinc;, Coren apjjcared within view j a rani^e of 
 
 .let 
 
 r(»cks or jslers riinninj; aionj^ 
 
 hef 
 
 ore It, 
 
 I 
 
 wo 
 
 leagues south irom these islets, the depth of the 
 soundiiu"* was from ;d to ac f.ithoms, with a mud- 
 tlv bottom. I he sun, pie.cint; thtou^h the foi;s, c- 
 jtahltd thrm, I; ippily, ro take excellent oluervalions 
 of lit; j.ilitiule iind longitude j ohservaUons of so 
 
 much lh«; L> renter impoitaiire, because 
 
 the I 
 
 rsuits. 
 
 dlifint'; their prosperity, as missionaries in the Chinese 
 empitc, were the only 
 
 unv communications 
 
 persons that had, as yet, mndt 
 conccrninjj the peo;jraphy or 
 
 hydro^r.iphy of ll^esc parts, to the iniiahitants of 
 Kurupc. In the ni^^ht of the 2 ah, the I'leuch na- 
 vi^ators passed the btriM^;;ht of Corca. 'I'iie nl^ht 
 WHS clear •, th': wi'ids blew with considerHblc hrisk- 
 acss from the S. \V. unJ a j^ieat iwcllini^ of the sen 
 
 cnme Irom the ni>rth 
 
 Th 
 
 jcy sailed on easi 
 
 Iv l)ef( 
 
 ore 
 
 tlie \\\vA\ at the rate k>{ two hwts an hour ; wishin; 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 J39 
 
 n 15 
 
 y fol- 
 
 L;e of 
 
 1 wo 
 
 f tbr 
 
 nuul- 
 
 ili ins 
 
 of so 
 
 suits, 
 
 til id« 
 >y or 
 its of 
 
 \\ PR- 
 
 risl;- 
 
 lic Ren 
 kforc 
 
 to ascertain, after day-break, the accuracy of tliose 
 observations wbicli they liad made during' the even- 
 ing, thit they iniji[iit ^ive every requisite degree of 
 correctness to their chart of tlie Strtiglit. They 
 sounded every h.ilf hour. Having approached witl:- 
 in 2 leagues of the roast of Corea, they then held 
 on their course, in a ditection parallel toil. Corea 
 is divided from japan by a channel i^ leagues broad j 
 but mrrowcd, for a part of its extent, by groupes 
 and reefs of rocks. On the tops of the mountains 
 of Corea, were seen f )rtresscs perfectly similar to 
 those of Europe. The adjacent country is barren 
 and hilly j and unmclted heaps of snow were per- 
 ceived in certain pits and nullies among the anprnlar 
 functions of the hills. Yi t, the dwellings are nu- 
 merous. Frequent jutikt or .\hainf>nn\^ with matted 
 sails, like those of China, v/cre observed sailing on 
 the coast. Some boats came out, apparently for the 
 purpose of examining ih" appearance and the move- 
 ments of the French trigatcs j but returned inU 
 port, without hiving come iulliciently near, to hold 
 any converse with them. The 26th proved one of 
 the finest days whiiii our navigators expcriencfd in 
 their whole voyage ; yet the mercury in the baro- 
 meter subsided to 27 inches and 10 lines. At mid- 
 uight, the wind nltereJ from S. to iN. it blew, ira- 
 mediately after the change, with considerable vio- 
 lence \ the sky became black and dark \ an.l it be- 
 came necessary for the frigiites to alter their cour-.e 
 to a farther distance fiom the shore, than that at 
 which they had for some time sailed. The o\\\f 
 Lxcboding indicatiun which nature Kud given uf 
 
1/p 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S voyage 
 
 this change, consisted in torrid vapours, such as 
 might have issued from the mouth of an oven, v^hich 
 were felt by the men at the mnsthead, passing, as 
 it were, in so many puffs of wind, each succeeding 
 another, after an interval of half a minute. On the 
 27th, the frigates approached to within ^ leagues of 
 the continent ; and, in spite of the violence of the 
 north wind, they were able to giin a little to the 
 northward *, while the coast of Corea was seen to 
 bend away before them, to the N. N. W. M. de 
 la Peyrouse now judged it necessary to direct his 
 course towards the S. W. point of the Isle of Ni- 
 PHoN. The e:<act position of Cape Naco, the N. 
 W. point of this isle, had been before nscertained by 
 Captain King. An c(iually satisfactory fixing of the 
 situation of its opposite extremity, would put an end 
 to the unccitaintics and conjectures of geographers 
 concerning the foim of these coasts. On tlie 2fith 
 our navigators discovered, in 37° 2 s' N. Lat. in 
 1 2y" 2' E. Long, the north east point of an isle, 
 which received, in honour of the astronomer by 
 whom it was first perceived, the name of Ism: 1)a- 
 cELtr. 'J'hfY sailed round it, at a mile's distance 
 from the shore •, and sounded, as they sailed, with, 
 out finding a bottom. A boat was then sent, under 
 the command of M. Koutin, to carry the soundings 
 to the veiy beach. Ntarly at the edge of a surf 
 which breaks on the coast, at the distance of an 
 hundred toises from the i:.land, he luund bottom un- 
 der twenty fathomi depth of water. 'I'he island is 
 about tliiec lca;!ue!t in circumference. A rampart 
 of bare rock, rising over the billows, with an ubiupt 
 
;!ith 
 
 in 
 
 lisle, 
 
 by 
 
 IDa- 
 
 ince 
 
 ith. 
 
 ulcr 
 
 suri 
 
 an 
 
 |un- 
 
 is 
 
 ipt 
 
 ROUND THE tV O R L D. 
 
 141 
 
 :ind ]>rfclpItous elevation, encircles its v.licle cut- 
 line, ('\ccpt only seven small sandy crcr,k«, wliich 
 ;;re accessible to boats. Tiom the very i)rink of 
 tbe shore to its extreme height, it is overerown witli 
 tnll stately trees, fltreJ to furnish tbe most t.\ccl- 
 lent timber. In the cretks, onr navigators s■^\v 
 
 )me I 
 
 lUHtS ( 
 
 .f CI 
 
 iincse consiiuction, o'l t e sto 
 
 ch. 
 
 'riity supposed, that the workmen mi:;ht pro!)ably 
 have lied into the wooJs, at their approach. Oihcr 
 woikmen were sen by them, upjn tnrr.ing rourd a 
 
 po 
 
 iut, to lice into the woods fiom a second dock 
 
 yard. Had not the opposiiion of strong currents 
 prevented j M. de la I'ty rouse would gladly have 
 gone on shore, to explore t!ie isle, and to convirce 
 those pood p^ople that they had noihiog to Icar 
 
 tiom 
 
 the V 
 
 rencii 
 
 On the 30th of INIav, favoured by the winds now 
 fixed at 8, S. E., M. dt la Ptyronsc cndeavcuied to 
 approach the coast of Japan. But, the co.Urariety 
 of the winds rendered the attempt so d;rti:ult j that 
 nothing but its extreme importance could h:»vc hin- 
 dered him fio:n abandoninp; it almost immediately. 
 On the 2d of June, in 37" 3b' N. Lat. in 132" 10' 
 ]i. Lonj^r, two Japanese vessels passed within sight 
 of them \ one of these, so near, that they could dis- 
 tinctly muik the appearances of things on her decks. 
 Her crew, consisting of twenty men, wore blue gar- 
 ments made in the fashion of c.i?8oek» : She mi;;ht 
 be of about nn hundred tons buithen : bhe liad a 
 
 'Kl 
 
 siniric mus 
 
 t, which seemed to be formed of a 
 
 num< 
 
 ixT of smaller ma«t trees, united by means of c np. 
 I't-r hoops and wool lings : Her y*\l was linen, with 
 
 ! 
 
' J^l 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S voyage 
 
 ri 
 
 A Ml 
 
 11 ' 
 
 its breadths not sewed, but laced together ; very 
 large ; and accompanied with two Jil's and a s/>r/f- 
 sa.7 : A small gallery, three feet br )ad, projected 
 from each side of tlie vessel ; and extended, for a- 
 bout two-thirds of her length, from the stern, along 
 the fJi/n wn/e : She had, on her stern, projecting 
 beams, which were painted grtm : The boat placed 
 athwart her ^r/;i'i, exceeded, by seven or eight feet, 
 the breadth of the vessel. It is probable, that such 
 vessels as tht se arc intended only for .sailing on the 
 coasts, and in the faii'fst season of the year j and that 
 the Japanese have stouter vessels for braving the 
 wintry storms, in more distant seas. So near did 
 the French nnvit^itor* pass to tins ve^^sel, that they 
 could remark the expresiion in the countenances of 
 the persons on her decks : It iKJicatcd neither fear 
 nor astonishment. The Frenchmen hailed her, as 
 ihe passed ♦, nnj the Japanese failed not to make 
 answer. But, their languagis were nciprocally 
 unknown j so that mutual converse was impossible 
 between them. The Japanese vessel had a small 
 white fl«g, on which were some words written verti- 
 cally. Its name w^s on a sort of diu.n which stood 
 beside the cn^ign-stafT. 
 
 On the morning of the 4th of June, in 133° 17' 
 JL. Long, in 37" 13' N. Lat. the French voyage, s 
 imagint'd, with sduiu uncertainty, that they saw land; 
 But the weather was dark and stormy : I'ijeir ho- 
 rizon was contacted within n (juarter of a league ; 
 and the uinds blew with a violence which made it 
 impossible for them to halt, till they miglit iijccr- 
 tain whether it ^^crc indeed land thul they had seen 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 M3 
 
 land : 
 ho- 
 
 ;ac ', 
 |c it 
 
 [cer- 
 
 In the course of this day, no fewer than seven Chi- 
 nese vessels, masted like the Jjpantse bark above 
 describv-d, but of a structure better adapted to strug- 
 gle with stormy teas, passed within sight of the 
 Trench frigates. I hey had, every one, three black 
 bands in the concave part of the sail j were each of 
 about thirty or forty tons burthen j and had crews 
 of eight men, each. 1 hey ran cLse to the wind, with 
 their larboard tacki on board , aiid tin ir heads to the 
 W. :>. \V. 
 
 On the 6th of June, our nnvlgators arrived with- 
 in sight of Cafe No ro and the island of Jootsisima, 
 which are parted by a channel about five leagues in 
 wideness. They were six leagues from land : but, 
 the clearness of the weather enabled them to dis- 
 tinguish the trees, rivers, and hollows upon it. 
 Rocky i*<lcts,si)reading with many irregularities, from 
 the very water's edge to the course of the frigates, 
 hindered these from approaching nearer to the shore. 
 Their soundings here indicated, under sixty fathoms 
 of water, a bottom of rock and coral. Th'-y ran 
 along the coast of Jootsisima; and had still the 
 same soundings. This isle has an agreeable aspect, 
 is well wooded, is narrow in its circumference, and 
 of a tlat surface. Ordinary dwelling-houses ; some 
 more considerable edifices ; a castle looking struc- 
 ture ; and some posts with cro^K-beams at the upper 
 extremity , attracted oiir voyagers' n»lice from the 
 isle, as they sailed along. Fogs again surrounded 
 them, as they left Jootsi-sinn. But, they had hap- 
 l)ily ascertained, witli accuracy, some icmarkMblr 
 beatings, the knowledge of width must be of the 
 
144 
 
 LA P E Y R O U S E ' S VOYAGE 
 
 greatest xx'^e to Geography, and especially to all fu- 
 ture navigators in these seas. Cape Noto, on the 
 coast of [apan, appears, from their observations, to 
 be in 37" 26' N- Lat. in 13^)" 34' E. Long, j Jootsi- 
 sima, in 37^* 51' N. Lat. 13^° 2d' Long ; the most 
 southerly point of the island of Niphon, in 37^ 18' 
 N. Lat. in 13^° / E. Lon^r. 
 
 The opposition of strong, unvarying south wind?, 
 hindered M. de la Pey rouse from ascertaining, ac- 
 cording to hii earnest desire, the situation of the 
 m^st soutl cm and the most western points of the 
 idand of Niphon. Under the impulse of these same 
 winds, he turned his course to the N. \V. and they 
 attended his progress to within sight of the coast of 
 'J'AR.rAR?. On the iith of [uly, the frigates reach- 
 ed this coast. Ne\t day, in a clear, serene atmos- 
 phere, the meicurv in tlie barometer fell to 27 
 inches', 7 lines. I he point of the cast which our 
 navigjitors approached, was exactly that at whicli 
 Corea is separated irom AIantchou Tartary. Its 
 elevation is such, that It was easily visil)le at the 
 Uitaticc of twenty leagues out at sea. iMountains, 
 at least ^i\ or seven toists in heig!u, are the fjist 
 objects which heie di-^cover thtm>c'lves to the eyes. 
 Within four leagues of tlie land, bottom was found 
 under an iiunditd and eighty fathoms depth of wa- 
 ter. A league tVom the shore, the deptli of the 
 water was stdl eighty four fathjms. No vestiges 
 of culture, or of human habitation, were to be seen 
 upon thii coast. Trees and verdure covered the 
 sid'js of the mountains : on ihe fiumniits appeareil 
 snow in inconsiderable quantity. Hoping to find 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 M5 
 
 27 
 
 our 
 
 hich 
 
 Its 
 
 ilie 
 |ains, 
 
 fi 1 St 
 
 ves. 
 l)Lind 
 
 \va- 
 the 
 
 Iseen 
 ihe 
 
 In ml 
 
 more convenient anchorlnsf ground ; tlie French voy- 
 agers did not halt here to examine the oast, but 
 held on their course j sailing in the finest weather, 
 and under the most serene skies they had known, 
 since their departure from Europe. On the 1 2th, 
 the i^th, the 14th, they continued to make their 
 nautical and astronomical observations with the 
 greatest success. On the evening of the 14th, they 
 were becalmed and involved in a thick fog, in the 
 latitude of 44" N. Here have geographers hither- 
 to fixed their pretended Streight of Te^soy. Kut, 
 our navigators were now 3" of Long, farther westward 
 than the longitude assigned. 3" are, therefore, to 
 be here cut off from the continent of Tartary, and 
 to be added to the channel between Tartary and the 
 islands northern from Jap^n. This abscission from 
 the continent, and this expansion of the channel, 
 will, of course, annihilate the Streicht of Tessoy, 
 The 15th and the i6th were obscured with fogs. 
 On the 16th, the fogs presented themselves in the 
 illusive forms of mountains, precipitous vales, tor- 
 r<:nt-vvorn channels, and all the appearances of a 
 continent, or island j from which they vvere, for some 
 hours, induced to fancy, that they had at last ca- 
 tered tie streight of Tessoy. But, as evening came 
 on, they saw this fancied land to vanish away. It 
 was soon emlrely d:'>persed in airj and not a racl: 
 remained behind. On the 17th, i8th, 19th, they 
 were still surrounded by fogs j and in this state, 
 could not venture to proceed, with any degree of 
 celerity. In N. Lat. 44" 45', M. de Monti went, 
 in a boat, from on board tic Astrolabe, to explore 
 
 IVX 
 
^^ 
 
 LA F L V R O I' S n S V (1 Y A V. V. 
 
 ! i| 
 
 a bay ulilcli tliey isaw open before tliem, ami in 
 which they had hopes of finding shelter. In that 
 bay, he found, at two Icaorucs distance from land, 
 an huiuiiid and foity fatlioms depth of nater. A 
 'luaitt-T v.'i A len'i'.e from the shore, the depth was 
 forty or f;lty fall:cms. 'I'l:e fritrates approached t!ic 
 shore. Ijiit, thick. i();7r> made it a^ain necessary for 
 them to stcnd ofi\ for fear ofruni^in;? into unseen dan- 
 gers. About 8 oVloc k ne.\t morning, they discern- 
 ed a dat-topped mountain, to which, that it mi^ht 
 be rcco<Tnised by future navigators in these latitudes, 
 M. dc la Peviouse rave tlic name of Tabli:otou.\- 
 TAIN, The territory adjacent to the coast, was co- 
 vered with trees and venture, indicatlii'' the great- 
 est fertility of soil. Hut all was desolate, still, and 
 >jlent. Nothing was to be seen, that could licspcak 
 the coast to have been ever occupied liy human In- 
 liabitfinls. On the 2j^d, our voyagers entered a 
 bay in 4," 13' N. Lat. 1, 9' K. Lonof, In which 
 they found, at a cable's length from the shore, ri 
 sandv bottom, uuvlcr m\ fathoms water. The tide 
 rises in this bay f.vc fiet. It Is hi^h water at Jull 
 \\\\i\ change ^ atShour^, 15 minutes. 'I'he llu\ and 
 reflux, do not alter the direction of the current, at 
 the distance of half a league from the shore. To 
 the bav, our navi''ators f:ave the r.ame of li,viE on 
 
 TERNAr. 
 
 Since they left Man'lla, they iiad not bee 
 
 n oil 
 
 land. These coasts a'or.e had not been before illus- 
 tiatcd bv the dlscoveiics of Cook. Thev wore 
 iherefoie imoaticnt to land, for the purposes of both 
 discovery and refreshment, V ve sm ill ctciks f.vm 
 the outline of tliis bay or rQucLtnuL Hills, over- 
 
ROUND THE ^VORLn. 
 
 U7 
 
 uni 
 
 :re 
 
 |vm 
 r- 
 
 j:;rown with trees, part those from one another. AH the 
 shades of llvtly green variegate the trees and tlic herb- 
 age. Bears and stags were ssen from the shins to wan- 
 der quietly alon ; the sea-shore. Roses, red and yellow 
 liUies, all the meadow-flowers of I'rancc, Tverc seen 
 by our navigators after they landed, to enamel, in 
 rich profusion, the plains, declivities, and Vules. 
 Pines covered the summits of the mountains : half 
 way d'jwn, were o:iks, ot which the «•!/,€ and strength 
 diminished, as the descent approached the sea- 
 shore : willo\vs, birches, ra-ij)lc>, bordered the ri- 
 vers and rivulets. On the si<.Irts of the forests, 
 were apple and medlar trees, with clumps of hazles. 
 Traces of tlie visits, if not of the permanent liabi- 
 tatioti, of men, were every where to be slvmi. 
 Some plfices displayed the remains of ravages by- 
 fire. And in a corner of the wood, were observed 
 some sheds which must have been erected by hun- 
 ters. Baskets, fr.imed of the bark of the birch-tree, 
 and rackets for walking on snow, lay, here and 
 there, scattered about. A shooting-party cime, in 
 three boats, from the two frigates. Three young- 
 fawns were the only animals they slew, Tlie long- 
 grass, and the danger from venomous reptiles, 
 which might lurk in it, making it impossible for 
 them to proceed far inwards through the country j 
 they were, in a manner, confined to the sandy fl;its 
 on the sea shore. Impelled by their passion for 
 hunting, M, de Langle, with some other olhccrs, 
 and some of the naturalists, endcr4voarcd, with lit- 
 tle success, to penetrate through tlic morasses and 
 forests, liut, the grass and tmderwood were still 
 
 M 2 
 
I 
 
 148 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 inaccessible : Nor would the bears and stags pre- 
 sent themselves to their eager pursuers. In fishing, 
 these voyagers were more successful. Cod-fishes, 
 hari)-fishcs, trouts, salmons, plaice, herrings, were 
 taken with the utmost ease, and in the greatest a- 
 bundance. Vegetables, such as nature presented 
 in profusion, on the shore, being aJded to these j 
 some very wholesome and delicious meals were thus 
 furnished out to the ships' companies. Amidst 
 their fihing, they discovered, on the bank of a ri- 
 vulet, a 'i'artarlan tomb standing bes'de the ruins 
 of a small house, which were well nigh buried in 
 t})e grass. Curiosity prompted them to open this 
 repos tory. In it, lay the bodies of two persons, 
 side by side. The heads were covered, each with 
 an under cap of tafTota : The bodies were wrapped 
 in bear's skins, which were fastened round them 
 "with a girdle of the sane : From the girdle were 
 suspended several dilTerent copper trinkets, and 
 some small Cliinese coins : Blae beads were scat- 
 tered within the tomb : There were also ten or 
 twelve different sorts of silver bracelets, weighing 
 each ten penny-weights : And these, our voyagers 
 afterwards learned to be pendants for the ears. A 
 small blue nankeen bag, filled with rice ; a comb, 
 a wooden spoon, an axe, a knife, a hatchet of i- 
 ron, were likewise among the articles witli which 
 this tomb was garnished. None of all thtse things 
 was, as yet, in a state of decor:i|)osition. The 
 itvucturc of the tomb was, a small hut, liaving its 
 walls formed of the trunks of trees, and covered a» 
 bove.wilh the bark of the birch-tree. Larcful not to 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 M9 
 
 violate this repository of the remnins or t'-c deceas- 
 ed j tlic French strangers religiously restored every 
 article to its former situation, after they had exa- 
 mined it ; and then covered up the tomb, as it vvas 
 before. The articles of Chinese manufacture bespeak 
 these Tartars to have a regular intercourse with 
 China. From the presence of the bag of rice In the 
 tomb, it may be inferred that they believe the dead 
 to survive the close of the present life, and to remain 
 subject, in the world of spirits, to those bodily wants- 
 v/hich they experienced in their human existence. 
 The plants were here the same as In France, at least, 
 without any variation very Interesting to botany. 
 Slate, quartz, jasper, violet porphyry, small crystals, 
 amygdaloid, were the mineralogicul specimens pre- 
 sented in the beds of the rivers. Iron ore appears 
 here, only as an oxyde, the colouring matter of dif- 
 ferent stones : No other metals, in any form, could 
 be here discovered. Ravens, turtle-doves, quails, 
 •ivag-tails, swallows, llycatcliers, albatrosses, gulls, 
 jjutlins, bitterns, wild-ducks, were the land and sea- 
 fowls which the French voyagers observed on this 
 coast. Broken mussel-shells, bernacles, snail-shells, 
 pnrpurye, were the only specimens of c^nchology 
 seen on the beach, lieing the first European visi- 
 tors of these shores, I\I. de la Peyrousc and his 
 companions would not leave the scene, without de- 
 positing in the earth various medals brought from 
 France for such uses, as well as a bottle inclosing 
 an inscription of the date of their arrival. 
 
 On the morning of the i:7th, they again set sail j 
 and proceeded before a soutli wind, at the distance 
 
 IM 3 
 
 In) ' 
 
 t 
 
 il 
 
^SO 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 of two-tliirds of a league from the coast, distinguish- 
 ing, as they went along, even the mouth of every small 
 rivuit't. About- 1 I oVlbck in the evening of the 
 29th the wiiul shifted to the north j and they were 
 obh'ged to mal-e a tack east^vard. They were now 
 in 46" I)G' N. Lat. The coast, which they still saw- 
 through fogs was now lower *, and the land was di- 
 vided into hills of moderate height. On the ist of 
 July, being Involved in a thick fog, so near to land 
 that they could liear the breaking of the surf upon 
 the sliore •, they were obliged to cast anchor in thir- 
 ty fatiioms »'cpth of water, uith a bottom of brcjken 
 jilulls anvl mud. Fogs conllnuid till the tth, to hin- 
 der their observations. Lat they h;ul, in the mean 
 lime, the consolation of taking a gnat quantity of 
 cod-fishes and oyst( rs, which very agreeably diver- 
 sified the provision of their tables. A great bay, 
 into which a river, fifteen or twenty fathoms broad, 
 %vas fccen to disembogue its waters, opened befoie 
 our na\igitor8 on the moriiing of the 4th of July, 
 A boat from each frigate was immediately sent to 
 
 examine it. 
 
 The t« 
 
 eniiorv on the coast was 
 
 found 
 
 to be nearly the same as that at the Jiaic tf' Ternai. 
 Vestiges .ppcarcd, which bespoke this scene to have 
 
 )een rcxMulv visi 
 
 itcd b 
 
 y some wandering 
 
 hunt 
 
 em. 
 
 Jiianchtscut from the ti es, with some sharppoint- 
 td instruments, hiy on thj ground, with their leaves 
 $lil) uiivvithei«.d. By the siilc of a small cabin were 
 two elk-skins, skilfully stretched out to dry, upon 
 small piece* of wood. 1 he cabin or hut beside 
 vhich these were found, had evciy I'ppeaiance of 
 being a temporary abode fur hunters. Our voya.. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 »i« 
 
 mun 
 liide 
 ic of 
 
 )va» 
 
 gers took away one of the elk-skins, but left, in- 
 stead of it, hatchets and other iron instru .'•"•its, 
 much more valuable, as they believed, to its own- 
 ers. The boats returned. The name of Baie de 
 SuFFREiN was imposed on this bay by our navigators. 
 Since it presented nothing particularly interesting, 
 to invite their stay, they soon renewed their course, 
 and still advanced to the northward. The Baie de 
 Suffrcin is situate in 47*^ ^\' N. Lat. in 137" 23' 
 £. Long. 
 
 Advancing along the coast, they made occasional 
 use of the dnavrt y and procured with it a variety of 
 oysters, and other siiell fishes. To the oysters were 
 often attached that little bivalve shell fi'^h, which 
 the French name poulcit,\ and which, on the coasts 
 of Europe, is often fount! in a otate of petrifaction. 
 Large whelks, '.ea-hedgehogs of the common son, 
 sta»"fislics, holoihuiiu.', and very small pieces o 
 
 f 
 
 beautiful coral, were also among the captures with 
 the tiiu'tlge, "I'urning their course gradually from 
 the coast of Taitary, they now strove to cross the 
 channel, towards where geographers had taught 
 them to expert to find the lands of Jf.sso and Ok,u 
 
 J 
 
 i;sso. 
 
 i^ 
 
 rcccedini: wi 
 
 ih thi 
 
 IS view, they soon disco« 
 
 vercd an island, apparently of great extent, which 
 formed with Tnrtary an opening of 30". They 
 weic then in 40" 3 li' N. N. Lat. I'hey next direct- 
 ed their CiAirse to tho S. K. This eastern land, ve- 
 ry diti'erent in its aspect from Tartar^, exhibited to 
 view .lou^ht but bairen rocks, with pits of ttnow, 
 
 and having ftn apparen 
 
 :ly volci 
 
 iintc clur.icter. 
 
 I'D 
 
 the iuiuvsi oi ihcii' .umuutHf M* dv 1« I'eyroui^ 
 
 \i 
 
152 
 
 J.A pevrouse's voyage 
 
 i 
 
 gave the name ot Peak. Lamanon, in compliment to 
 M. Lamanon, who, in the character of a mineralo- 
 gist, accompanied the expedition. Fogs and obsti- 
 nate southerly winds, exceedingly incommoded our 
 voyagers, in the n ivigation ot the channel. At 
 noon, on the 11th, the weather cleared up •, and a 
 very extensive horizon immediately opened around 
 them. On the evenini; of the 12th of July, the 
 southern breezes dying away, permitted them to ap- 
 proacli the land, bonie islanders were seen runnin-.j 
 from the shore, to liide themselves in the woods. 
 Without delay, one of the commanders, with some 
 of the uincipal persons from on hoard both frigates, 
 went on shore in the boats. On the sliore, thev 
 quickly came to two small houses which seemed to 
 have been but newly abandoned by tlicir inhabi- 
 tants •, for the fires were not extinguished, the furni- 
 ture remained, and there was a })lind litter of pup- 
 pies, whose dam w;is heard to bark for tliem, from 
 the woods, Tl.*: French navigators benignant ly de- 
 posited several iialchcts and ulher instruments of i- 
 lon, with glass-beads, and various other articles, for 
 presents to conciliate the good-Nviil of the people 
 when they should venture to return from the woods. 
 The great net or seine wn% then hauled, and nt once" 
 were taken more salmons t'oan might have sullicrd 
 lor the consumption of the shipk' companies during .1 
 whole week. Our voyagcis were about to return 
 on board their ships, wlicn seven of the nativei were 
 '>(-en to land fiom a cnnue un the shore, and to come 
 up, without fear or wonder, into the very midst of 
 the ittangeri. Among these seven, wcic two old men 
 
 Wl 
 
 th< 
 ed 
 
 on 
 
 he: 
 
 sini 
 
 of 
 
 to 
 
 boo 
 
 t]u 
 
 wi ! : 
 
 stiil 
 
 thci 
 
 sort 
 
 shor 
 
 O 
 
 Pcyi 
 1 
 
 pipc< 
 Chin 
 
 ■I 11 
 
ROUND THK WORLD. 
 
 i;3 
 
 with lonq white beards, clothed in a stuff made of 
 the bark of trees. Tuo wore dresses of bhie quilt- 
 ed nankeen. Others had only a Icnjj robe, fastened 
 on tiie body with a girdle and a few buttons. Their 
 heads wtre bare, except that two or three wore a 
 simple band of bear's skin I'he face and the crown 
 of the head were shaven. Tlie hair behind, was cut 
 to tlie length of ten or twelve inches. 'I'hey wore 
 boots of seal-skin, skilfully foimed and sewed,' aflci 
 
 liows, pikes, arrows tipped 
 
 the Lhintse 
 
 )n. 
 
 Willi 1 on, were 
 
 icir arms. 
 
 '11 
 
 leir manners wcie 
 
 stiikingly dignified an I solimn To the eldct, 
 there was gre.it reverence sliown by the rest. A 
 sort of mutu'.il engagement to meet ne.\tday on the 
 shore, passed between them and M. de Langle. 
 
 On the following dav, tlie Ticnch with M. dc la 
 Pcyrou*.c himself at their head, repaired again on 
 shore. 'I'hc following is the general result of all 
 tlieir observations upon the country and its inhabi- 
 
 tants. 
 
 'Ih 
 
 cy were soon n\et, in the crec 
 
 :k. b' 
 
 one 
 
 and twenty of the natives. Presents, especially of 
 iron and stuffs, Wfrc offered atid accepted by the 
 
 AATARS, 
 
 at th 
 
 c very opening o 
 
 f th 
 
 e intcrviitw. 
 
 These undcv.cood, as well as the Trench, the value 
 and the diversities ot the me'alsj preferring silver 
 to cojipcr, copper to ircn, &c. 'I'bree or four of 
 tiicm liad pendent earrings of siilver, nd')rneu "ith 
 blue ghisoocads similar to those which had beeti 
 discovered in the tomb at the Raie Dt: I'cknaik. 
 Their other ornaments were of copper. Ihc) had 
 pipe*, and steels to strike fire with, which secmi d of 
 Chinese or Japanese manufacture. By signs, they 
 
 1' 
 
 i 
 
154 
 
 LA P i: Y R D r S E Vs V O T A (. n 
 
 informed the French, that tlielr blue nankeen, their 
 beads, and their steels, were procured frcni th.: 
 western country of the Mantchou 'f'lrtars. Observ- 
 ing the Frenchmen to hold in Intir hands, paper 
 with a pencil, to write upon it : 'J hey guessed the 
 Intention, and, witli a benignant attention, endea- 
 voured, of their own accord, assiduously to explain 
 whatever objects thty supposed the strangeis niigiit 
 be the most curious to be informed about. I'hcy 
 seemed sutTicIentlv desirous to obtain hatchets and 
 «tufis. But, they maintained, in all their inter, 
 course witli the I'rench, a dignity and sanctity of 
 manners fir superior to nny indications of rapacious 
 wvidiiy, and to every, even the most trivial act of 
 theft. Not a sing'e salmon would they pick up, 
 without permission, from anion/: thousands, the pro- 
 duce of the fisliing of the French, which lay scat- 
 tered on the beach. Undcrstinding, that the stran- 
 gers desired to obtain from thera, descrlplions of 
 their own country, and of Mantchou Tartary •, they 
 sketched, on the ground,— -and even, witli the pen- 
 cllfi of our nav'gators, upon p.<pcr, — the figure of 
 their own isle, which they named I chuka,— adjacent 
 to it, a strcight,— 'beyond the strei^ht, the continen- 
 tal tenitorv of the IMantchou Tartars, bouth from 
 their own isle, they icprcsrnted another to exist, 
 btyond an intermediate strcight throui;h which the 
 Firnch ships might leadiiy pass. On the continent 
 of Tartary, they represented the r'ver of Skualikn 
 
 pouiing its >vaters into t'nc channel between 
 
 Ttrt 
 
 iry 
 
 and Tchoka, in a position somcwlutt southward from 
 the most northern point of the opposite isle ol 
 
R O U N n THE W O K L D. 
 
 ^SS 
 
 Tclioka. From itul'catlors xvhicli these people 
 communicated, the French naviiritors inferred the 
 iTi'^st northern extrennity of the isle of Tchoka, to 
 extend about sixty-three leajiues to the nortl\u;ird of 
 the station in vvliich their ships then lay ;tt anchor. 
 Ey the same sajracious and communicative savaj^cs, 
 
 our voyagers ncre miornicc 
 
 d, that, t 
 
 o 
 
 vdcure 
 
 t! 
 
 le 
 
 foreign commodities which they ivore, tiie'~.e sava- 
 jrts were wont to s^il for a certain lonc'th up the 
 river i:icf.^alien, and there to meet th-j Tartars, by 
 tratlickincj with whom they obtained tlitse articles 
 of imjiortaiion. All this information v^ as, unavoid- 
 ably, to a i\\ti:t dc'frec, unrcrtun. liut, such as it 
 w IS, it sutli dently merited the atlention of M. dc 
 la Pcyrouse and his compauions. A Lorn was pro- 
 ( Lireil from these peojil.', which ^hevrd uii;it pro- 
 «;rcss they had made in the manul'.a'ture of clolh. 
 It nearly rcscmlded tho^e of Eiuojk*. Cl)th of the 
 i).vk of the willow-trev is woven in such lo ms, 
 wilh a shujit'^ by the inhabU.'!;t^ of Tchok i. They 
 ('\amincd, vsitli a s.^ij^cious >. 
 itulVs wlii( li w rrc p • 
 
 i'>irY, the texture of 
 
 \ lie 
 
 I'lonca 
 rcsemb 
 
 and secmrd to 
 
 I. id ti il 
 v.isi Jcri 1 
 
 icin l)V 
 
 the 
 
 h 
 
 <)\v tar It 
 
 led, 
 
 or 
 
 d.il 
 
 ere 
 
 'fi. th.it if their < 
 
 )wn uKi- 
 
 imtacturc. 
 
 Ih 
 
 cv 
 
 f.iil not to nvail 
 
 I iW.X C'.dtivate the i^round ; ytt, 
 nsclvf^i .»t vs s^i.jnlancous pro- 
 duce. In theii huts v vxc iVurul nvr.iy root-. <>f tlic 
 yellow lily or \i:rontiJt of K ■.mwlir.tka, which they 
 a;»peared to have *lritd tor their win;i i'> priiviilun j 
 ;•>; rtbo the roots (♦f ^krli »v Ami of :i!i:;;*4.c.». Of 
 thv form of i^'ovrmratnt, ojr v A4,crs c«.'ul I di^ 
 cover, duiin^ thtir sUuit vtv., on'y ilw: th''y iicat 
 
ti6 
 
 LA FEYROUSES VOYAGE 
 
 their olil men with a respect whicli seems to confer 
 upon them all the authority of patriarchs. Their 
 stature docs not commonly exceed five feet five in- 
 ches : Their countenances present recjulir features, 
 
 and an a_ijreeable eKpres>i 
 
 ion 
 
 Ihe 
 
 ir 
 
 perso 
 
 n I 
 
 1 fi 
 
 ^ 
 
 ure 
 
 is stout and handsomely projiurhoned. They per- 
 mitted the French to draw their pictures j but, 
 would not suffer them to measure the dimensions of 
 their bodies. Perhaps, they mij^^ht look upon the 
 proposal to measure them, as an attempt to make 
 them the subjects of some ma;^ical opeiiition. Their 
 women, they kept carefully hid from the sight of 
 the strangers. Our voyagers couKl purchase from 
 them no mure than two marten-skins. A few skins 
 of bears and seals were seen, fashioned into clothes. 
 Each of them wore on his thumb a large ring made 
 of ivory, horn, or lead. Like the Chinese, they 
 preserve their naiU on their fingers to a great length : 
 Like them, they salute by kneeling and prostrating 
 themselves on the ground : They likewise sit on 
 mats, and cat with small sticks. Tliiy may perhaps 
 be a colony of Chinese oiigln, whose aiicestors have 
 w.mderc J hither, at some very remote ;i:ra in ancient 
 times, Am->ngtheni, the French vo)agers met with 
 two Mantchuu 'lartais, who had come liither for 
 some commerc 
 
 purp 
 
 ighi 
 
 wecki bel"ure. These men readily conver'.ed with 
 ♦ he Chinese sailors b.lon:;ing to the French fiigatcs. 
 Their jraimcnls were of grey nankeen, like tho>e of 
 \\\K coq/U's ox itrct't /xii'tcvt of INlacao. Their hats 
 were of bark, and po'nlcd. They wore the Chi- 
 msc /><•/// j(t or tuft of hair. 'I hey reported tlicii 
 
%.CjhSD THE \V O R L D. 
 
 iJT 
 
 rtli: 
 
 Ins 
 on 
 
 i.\lis 
 uive 
 lent 
 with 
 for 
 liiee 
 wiih 
 
 c of 
 
 lints 
 Chi- 
 
 ilicir 
 
 dvvellinqs to he elj^ht days journey up the river oc- 
 galien. From their repoits, as well ns from other 
 circumstances, J\I. dt la Peyroiise was Kd to infer 
 the coast of this part of Asia to be almo>t citiie'.y 
 uninhabited, from the limits of Corea in tiie 42^^ 
 N. Lat. ns far as to ilie river ScTalien in the 
 
 53" ^^' S-i^ ^' ^'^^' ^^'^ cabins or huis of the 
 ir.habitants of Tchoka. are of wood j ovjr thi<, u 
 covering of the bark of the birch tree j then, a co- 
 verincr of timber \ above all, a thatcliing of dry 
 .straw, similar to that on the cotta<;es of our pcasnnts: 
 The door is in the _i;ablc-cnJ, and very low : The 
 hearth is in tlie miildlc of the (loor, and lias a cor- 
 rcsj)ondent opening in ih.e roof; Immediately around 
 llie h.earth, arc little banks or lloors cf eartli, risint; 
 ti^ht or ten iiiches hi;^,h : The wl)ole inside of the 
 hut i< spread with nr.ts : 'Ihat cabin which served 
 as the model of this description, stood amid a tliick- 
 et of rose-trees : Thee «^lirubs were in ti.nver, and 
 exhaled the mo^t delicious odours : JUit, these 
 
 ► 1ii« nT.r.ir-r>m" liv t1i^ 'ter.cll ot Hsll-cil, 
 
 were more t!ian 
 
 icom; 
 
 by ih 
 
 and other putrid substances which filled the hut, 
 and poisoned the air, all around it. It seemed cu- 
 rious, that n bottle of sweet scented ^vatcr, wlicn 
 presented to one of the old men, effected his sense 
 of smelling vith a disjru«.t, at least ns strong as that 
 with which the noisome smell of the Hsh-oll wa?: 
 pciceivtd by the Trench. They had tobacco in 
 hr'je leaves, and cf very o.ccllcnt (|uality j and 
 thcv stcmed U) be eternal smokers : but snuH" they 
 rould not endure. 'J'his bny was, in honour of I\I. 
 ilc l,imr;lc, named the Baie dc LA>»JLEt 
 
 N 
 
 m 
 
ij8 
 
 LA P E Y P. O r S E ' S \' Y A G E 
 
 I 
 
 On the 14th of July, the signal for sailing was 
 jilvcn •, and they prepared to leave this bay. Till 
 the 19th, they \vcrc surrounded with perpetual foi^s. 
 In the moininf^ of the 19th, they saw, athwart the 
 mists, the land of Tchoka, from N. E, by N. as 
 far as E. S. E. Havins continued to run alont;, 
 till two oVlock in the afternoon, they then dropped 
 anchor in water twenty fathoms deep, over a gravel- 
 ly bottom, at the distance of two miles from the 
 shore, ;uid westward from a fine bay. 1 he fog af, 
 tcrwards dispersed ; and they were enabled to de- 
 termine the bearings of the place where they had 
 cast anchor. It is situated in 48" yj N. Lat. in 
 140" 32' E. Long. Tlicy named the bay, Laie 
 d' Estaing. Their Ijoats went ashore, at 4 o'clock 
 in the afternoon. About an hundred paces fro 
 
 m 
 
 the sea-shore, were found ten or twelve huts, con- 
 structed of the same materials as the huts in the 
 Baie de Tangle •, but Lir^er, and divided each into 
 two apartments, of which the inner contained the 
 furniture, and setmcd to be tlie ordinary abode of 
 the family, while the other was entirely empty, and 
 seemed to be a).).iH)priated for the reception of strnn- 
 
 identally met by 
 
 i^ers. Two of tiie women were ace 
 the r 
 
 rench olticers •, and were terribly alarmed at 
 the rencounter. Sketches of their figure and coun- 
 tcnnnce were, however, drawn bv ]\I. Elondela. 
 
 'V\\<\x eyes were small \ tliclr lips lar;;c ; the u 
 lip, painted blue, or tattooed ; the 1 
 
 er 
 
 fKS na 
 
 PP 
 
 ked -, 
 
 the body, covered with a lonir linen -jhiu ; their 
 hair, lank and uncurled , and the upper part of the 
 liead nat s'.iavcd, as on the men, 'I'he islanders 
 
ROUND THE WOP. LI). 
 
 J59 
 
 nt the first landing of tlie gentlemen from the 
 French boats, were assembled round our c.inoes, 
 which were laden with fishes dried in the smoke. 
 The crews of the canoes were, as the Frenchmea 
 •learned, Mantchou Tartars, who had come hithev 
 from the banks of tlic river Set^alien, for the pur- 
 pose of purchasing In trade, the dried fishes. Those 
 • eographical details which our voyngers had obtain- 
 cd a' the Dciie de I.angle^ were, by these people, 
 confirmed. A scjrt of circus, surrounded with a 
 p d isade of rude s'.akcs, was observed in one part 
 of the territory adjacent to the huts. On the top 
 of each stake was the skeleton of a bear's head •, and 
 the bones of hears were scattered around the scene. 
 The circus, and the trophies erected on its pallisade, 
 Tnlpjit probably be intended to perpetuate tiie me- 
 mory of atchicvements accomplished by these peo- 
 ple In hunting the bear, with which, since they want 
 fire-arms, they must, of necessity, contend in close 
 fight. Salmons were found *:o be the most common 
 prey of tliese people in t'lelr ilshing. Fhey dry the 
 fish for sale to the IVIantchou Tartars j but take 
 out and throw away the head, the tail, and the 
 back-b'jnc. After loading the Tartais with pre- 
 sents, the Frenchmen, at eight o'clock in the even- 
 ing, returned on board their ships. Next day, — the 
 :^olh, — the frigates renewed their voyage. They 
 sailed along the coa<.t, at a league's distance from 
 the land. A thick foj^ surrounding them about seven 
 o'cltick in the eveninjiji they were i.uluced to cast 
 
 anci.or in water 
 
 thiity. 
 
 seven faihoms deep, over ii 
 
 bottom of mud and sm.iU tlat stones. The coa:>l: 
 
 N 2 
 
 1 
 
lOo 
 
 LA ? E Y R O I' S i: ' S V O Y A C E 
 
 I't 
 
 %vas here more mountaip.ous : Neillier fire nor h jt 
 tvas to be <:een ; 'i'en cod-fishes were caui^ht, the first 
 our vovatjers ha J I'ouncI, since they left the co;\!.t of 
 Tartnry. ]\I. de la Peyrouse concluded from tliis 
 last incident, thrit they were no'.v not far distant 
 h'om the Tartarian co.^st ', and he h.oped, that, keep- 
 ing close to the coast of I'choka, he should soon be 
 able to reach tliat streijjht, the existence of whlcii 
 he had conf.dently inferred from the information of 
 tlie islanders. The friit^atcs, theiefure, sailed o:j, 
 never at a greater dictance than two lengues from 
 the island. As soon as the fogs cleared up, our 
 navigators had a perfect view of the channel. In 
 the latituile of 30'"* it grcn' narrower, till it was at 
 last contracted to the small expanse of thirty leagues. 
 In the evening of the 2 2d, they ca>t anchor in thir- 
 ty-seven fathoms water, with a muddy bottom, and 
 at about a league's distance from land. 'I his an- 
 chorage was o:iprj».ite to the mouth of a small river, 
 three leagues north from whicii, appsared a very re- 
 markable peak, whicii had its base on the sea-shore, 
 and, on whatever side it might be seen, presented 
 still the mo-t petfcct regularity of form at its sum- 
 jTiit. Its sides weie richly covered witli trees and 
 verdure. In conrpliment to the botanist c " the 
 voyage, M. de l:i Peyrouse named it, Pi;ak la Mah- 
 TiMERE. it was thoUf^ht proper, here, to send boats 
 ashore, for the purpose of ascertaining whether thi.s 
 part of the coast were inhabittd. iM. de Clonaid 
 
 ^vent wit 
 
 h f< 
 
 our armeu Siiins. 
 
 r 
 
 o t'.i'j sur;irue in 
 
 those who had remained behind in tlir lips, he re- 
 turr.cd in ihc evening with all the bojls filled witU 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 lOr 
 
 k1 
 
 lis 
 
 lis 
 .d 
 
 e- 
 
 salmons. He had landed at the moutli of a rivulet, 
 not exceeding four fathoms in breadth, nor a foot 
 in denth. Its bed was so entirelv covered with 
 salmons, that the sailors, ^vlth their sticks, killed, 
 in an hour, twelve hundred of them. Only two or 
 three deserted huts were to be seen. Three trees 
 v.-ere of larger dimensions, than in the more south- 
 ern bays : Celery and cresses grew, in abundance, 
 on the banks of the rivulet : Juniper- berries grew 
 around, in immense profusion. The French bota- 
 iilsts made here an ample collection of rare plants. 
 Crystallized spars, and other curious stones, but no 
 metallic ores, were brought away by the mineralo- 
 gists. Firs, willows, oaks, maples, birclies, and 
 medlar-trees, fill the forests. Gooseberries, straw- 
 berries, and rasp. berries, were likewise amazingly 
 plentiful. Cod-fishes were, at the same time, taken 
 in great numbers, by those who had remained on 
 board the ships. To the rivulet which had aftord- 
 td such plenty of salmons, Pvl. de 1a Pcyrousc gave 
 the name of i>AL^Io^'•D■^.oo^.. 
 
 .-Renewing their voyage, ihey s:iiled along, as be- 
 fore, at a small distance from the shore of the isle. 
 On the 23d, they were in 3:," 54' N. Lat. and near- 
 ly in the longitude Ij' whicij, from the Baic de Lnn- 
 ^:i\ t" ey had, without /ariation, sailed. A few huts 
 .ippearing here «nd there, upon the shore, indicated 
 this part of the isle to l)e not destitute of inhabitants. 
 A bay, which was observed in the last mentioned 
 latiuiJe, rcct-Ived from our navigators the name of 
 Baic dk la JoNQjJiLP.E, but did HOt appear to merit 
 that they shculd particulnrly exploie it. They .Vwrc 
 
 li 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 If 1^ 1^ 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 2.0 
 
 It hi 
 
 1.4 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 0%1 
 
 /] 
 
 '^^^' 
 
 ^> 
 
 A 
 
 
 y 
 
 /A 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 CorpoRition 
 
 33 WW7 " IH 5T«|iT 
 WIHilfR NY M!iO 
 

 
 i/.JL 
 
 ^ 
 
l62 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGi; 
 
 ) 
 
 now extremely impatient to ascertain, whether or 
 not the pr^-tended Strtij^ht of ri.sso'/, were merely 
 the streiyht dividin? the island of Tchoka iVoin the; 
 continental territory of the Pvlantchou Tartars. The 
 .soundin^^s began, as they advanced, to be almost e- 
 fjually shallow, at so. e considerable dibtance from 
 the coast of '1 choka, as wlien the fr^ates were very 
 near to that isle. On the 24lh, in the course ot 
 three hours progrc-s, the depth of the water waj 
 found to decrease from twenty four to eighteen fa- 
 thoms. '1 h« attempt to obtain a greater dcpt'i, by 
 steering westward touards the middle of the cha;> 
 nel, proved fruitless. I\I. de la Peyrousc, upon thii, 
 tletcrrnincd to traverse the whole channel twice,— 
 from cast to west, and from west to ta>t, — in older tc' 
 discover whsthcr there were not deeper water to be 
 found in the progress northward •, and whether there 
 "were not a particular channel, similar to that of a 
 liver, for the streight. In the evening of the 26th, 
 they came to anchor on the coast of 1 artary. Next 
 day, they suilcd N. N. \L. towards tlvj middle of 
 the channel j had both coasts in view at once j and 
 found the depth to decie.isc, in the pro^^icss north- 
 ward, at the rate of tnrce fathoms a league. M, de 
 la Peyrousc was anxious to explore the streight still 
 jnucli more thoroughly. Jhit the sjuthcrn winds 
 previAilt'd in thi;^ channel, with such a settled mun* 
 soon-like steadiness, and with such an ag'tating force 
 upon the seas, that any attempt to advance much 
 farther in this course to the northward, appeared 
 likely to subjict the frigates to extreme danger of 
 vtry eaib:irr.is8ing delay, or even of ihi^wvicck. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 J2S- 
 
 'Vhe weather, too, began to become stormy, and 
 the billows of the sea to roll more tempestuously, 
 than they had hitherto done, in this channel. The 
 ships could not, in these circunistances, hastily pro- 
 ceed fartlicr. But Messrs Boutin and de Vaujuas, 
 othcers C([ually distinguished for discernment and 
 prudence, were sent out in the boats, to explore the 
 channel, and to make the requisite soundings, to the 
 
 •th 
 
 nortnwar( 
 
 M. Vaujua*!, who set off at 
 
 o c 
 
 luck. 
 
 ^vas absent till midnight, lie sailed a league north- 
 ward, beyond \vhich the state of the sea and the 
 ncathtr would not permit him to proceed. At his 
 firthcst distil nee from the fiigates, his soundings in- 
 dicated only six fathoms depth of water. M. Bou- 
 tin had returned before him, without ranking any 
 discovery. Jmmcdiattly after the rctutn of M, 
 dc Vaujuns, it was found necessary for the frigates 
 to revert their course. At day- break, they weigh- 
 ed anchor with much dilHcult toil, and with a break- 
 ing of the £/7/»i7rt//;', by which three of the seamen 
 were severely wounded. 'I'iie violence of the winds 
 •nd the fury of the waves, '-judered their progress,, 
 f.ir A short time, both laborious and diingerous. 
 Some slight variations of the winils from b. to S. 
 \V. and to 8. 8. K. soon took place, however, in a 
 manner favourable to them j and, in twenty four 
 hours, tluy n.adc five leagues. In the evening of 
 the 28th, they fourti themselves at the opening of 
 1 b.»y on the cuavt of lartary. \\ ant of wood and 
 water suggisted tlic piijpricty of here halting nnd 
 going on shurc for sup|.lics. At five o'clock, they 
 cast anchor nt the N. fuint uf this bay, in water c< 
 
 J 
 
$. 
 
 i()4 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 levcn fathoms deep, with a muddy bottom. Boats 
 were soon sent out : a 'I'artar village was descried •, 
 cascades of limpid water were perceived •, and four 
 wooded islets were observed to shelter a road, where 
 the frigates might ride at anchor, in perfect securi- 
 ty. At eight o'clock, on the next morning, the 
 frigates were conducted to the bottom of the bay j 
 and were brought to rest at anchor in water six fa- 
 thoms deep, with a muddy bottom. 
 
 CHAP 
 
ROUND THE W O R L D.^ 
 
 l6s 
 
 C II A P'llOK N I N I H. 
 
 ^•;^RRATIVF. OF TMK VOYAGK CONTINUED, TROM THE 29. 01 
 JIM.V TO THE 6. OF SEPTtMBfcR 17^57. TRANSACTIONS 
 AND DISCOVERIKS IN TUK H A IK DK CASTRIES. DISCOVK- 
 KY OF A STRKIGHT DlVIUINt; JtSSO FROM OKU-JESSO. 
 VOCAIiUI.ARY OF Till; LANOUAGE OF TCIIf-KA, NAMED BY 
 TilK RUiihlAKS, SI,(JAI,ll.>f. COUR>iK TO K A ^^T .S<; II Al'K A, &C. 
 
 So sooner were the frigates moored, than both the 
 French commanders prepared to go on shore. They 
 appointed the long-boat to take In water ; the barge, 
 to bring tlie wood which was wanted, from the shore j 
 the small boats, to be at the command of Messrs 
 lilondcla, licllegarde, JMouton, licrnizet, and I'rc- 
 vost junior, wiiilc they should make a survey of the 
 bay ) thi yawls, which f:rew little ivatcr^ to be used in 
 fiiliiiig salmons in a small river abounding with them ; 
 the pinnaces to be ready for carrying themselves and 
 the scientific gentlemen a-shore, to superintend the 
 diftcient works, and to explore the territory conti* 
 guous to the coast. The astronomical apparatus 
 was, witiiout delay, set up, on an islet wiiich they 
 niinud IsLu: de LH)nstRv.\TOiiMi \ and INIcsirs Da- 
 gekt, Lauriiiton, and Darbaud, immtdiately applied 
 thc'lI)^clves to make the requisite observations for 
 the correction of ihcir timckecpcis, and for nsccr- 
 Irtiiiing the dilVcrent bearings. 'I'hese observations 
 suon shewed the present nnchoiage of the frigates to 
 be bituttlc in 31" 26' N. Lat. in ly/ 41' li. Long. 
 
i66 
 
 LA P E y R O U S K ' S VOYAGE 
 
 I! J 
 
 The time of high-n ;iter, at full and change, was at 
 ten O'clock : tlie ortatest rise: of the tide, at these 
 periods, was for five feet el^ht inches above the or- 
 diiiary level of the sea : the current ran at the rau 
 of at least half a-knot :ui hour. The bottom of the 
 bay Is muddy. Approaching the shore, the deptii 
 of the water is j^raduaily dinu-iishcd from twelve to 
 five fatho:Tis. To t'.irce ciihle- kn_i;ths from tlic 
 shore, the coa^Jt is sutrou.u'td by a flat, v.hich 
 nakes it diiHcult to land, even in a boat, when the 
 fide is low. Extensive beds of ;)ea-weed;', too, a- 
 xnnng which the water Is but two or three feet deep, 
 oppose another troublesome obstacle to those who 
 attempt to land from boats. But this bay affords 
 certain shelter fiom the storms of wiiiter ; and tl;c 
 French navigators thou.jht it to be, of all tliat tl.ey 
 had visited on the Tartarian coast the only one that 
 was truly worthy of the nunie of Buy, They nam- 
 ed it, Eaie de Castries. 
 
 Our voya;;;crs liad {\o sooner landed, th.in inter- 
 views took place between tlum and the rude natives 
 of the adjacent country, 'ii.c chief or patriarch of 
 the horde, with some others of the iidiabltants, re- 
 ceived IM. \\c la Peyr'juse upon tl.e L/e.ich, 'J hat 
 venerable savage saluted the strangers by prostra- 
 tion, accoiding to the L-hinese ctreniviuial , and tlien 
 conuuclcd them to see his wife, his children, his 
 daughters m law, and grand-daUghleis, in iiis hut. 
 'J lie I'lcncnmen were there invited to sit down on a 
 m it which was respectfully >prcad for ihcm \ and to 
 partake of a dish of grain witli salmon, whicn was 
 made ready for their entertainment. ThcbC good 
 
the 
 
 intcr- 
 itives 
 •ih of 
 le- 
 
 Ihat 
 Dslra- 
 
 tl\en 
 n, ills 
 
 luit. 
 n on a 
 miJ 10 
 l\ uus 
 
 good 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 167 
 
 people made their v'sltors to understand, tliat they 
 were themselves of the nation of the Orotchys j 
 and that some stranger 'I'artrirs, who had recently 
 arrived in four canoes, were of the Bitchys j a tribe 
 inhabiting at some not very considerable distance 
 southward. 
 
 The Orotchys inhabited a village, consisting of 
 four cabins or huts, of a structure considerably solid 
 and durable. Trunks of fir-trees, laid at full length, 
 and neatly cut at the angles, formed the walls: A 
 frame of not unskilful workmanship supported the 
 roof: The roof was covered with the bark of trees. 
 Within, there was, in the middle of the dwelling, 
 the hearth with the fire, and corresponding to them, 
 In the roof, a hole for the emission of the smoke : 
 
 .roun 
 
 d th( 
 
 dl 
 
 e walls were wooden ocncnes 
 
 i here 
 
 was no commendable degree of cleanliness to be re- 
 marked here, any more than in the cabins on the 
 island of Iclioka. Tiie four cabins were inhabited 
 by as many dilTercnt families, which appeared to 
 live toi'cther in urtat harmonv, and with the most 
 
 KT 
 
 feet, 
 
 mu 
 
 tual 
 
 con 
 
 fid 
 
 ence. 
 
 E 
 
 ve 
 
 ry 
 
 hut 
 
 was sur- 
 
 rounded with a stage for the diying of salmons. 
 These are first cleaned; then, for three or four 
 days, smoked round the fire ; after this, put on the 
 poles of the state, in the open air, and left to dry 
 to the hardness of w(jod, in the heat of the sun. 
 With such exalted, moral sanctity, do these good 
 pecpk! rctpcct the distinctions of property *, that the 
 1 renchn-ivioators soon exposed their goods, unguard- 
 ed, on the shore, in the midst uf the I'artar huts, with- 
 out the smallest fear of theft, and without n single in- 
 
a68 
 
 LA VEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 Stance of even the most trivial loss. The Orotchvs 
 pursued the fishery in the river, at the same time 
 with the French strangers. It was ^vith extreme 
 disgust the Frenchmen beheld them eat, with the 
 greatest avidity, in a raw state, the snout, the gills, 
 the small bones, and the skin of the salmons, as they 
 caught them. Of these parts, the salmons are usu- 
 ally thus cleared by the fishers, in the catching. 
 What of the skin in particular, remains \vhen iishes 
 are brought to the houses, is very eagerly sought 
 out, and devoured raw, by the women. Those rings 
 which the inhabitants of Tchoka Avere observed to 
 ivea*" on the thumb, arc intended for the protection 
 of the thumb while the salmons are stripped with a 
 sharp knife, the edge of which often strikes against 
 the ring. Beside the huts which stood at the very 
 landing-place where the French navigators canu- 
 rshore •, they sav/, on the opposite side of the bay, 
 unother village, consisting of eight huts, situate :it 
 the edge of a wood. At a small distance above tb/is 
 last village, were perceived tliree Yourts or sub- 
 terraneous houses, having an exact similarity to 
 those of Kamtscliatka, which are described by Coor. 
 Contiguous to the village, were observed several 
 tombs of a structure superior to that of the houses. 
 Uows, arrows, fishlv.g- lines, and in general whatever 
 fs most precious among the possesions of these peo- 
 ple, appear to be deposited with the dead bodies ii 
 the tombs. \\'ithin each monument, were llr.ce t.r 
 four biers of not Inek'gant workmanship, ornament- 
 ed with brocades, ai.d otVicv Chinese itufllj. Al- 
 
ROUND THE WOULD. 
 
 169 
 
 tnougli this village seemed to be but a temporary 
 winter abode j yet the houses were filled with the 
 dresses and Implements of the people •, skins, snow- 
 shoes, bows, arrows, pikes, Sx.c. These generous- 
 minded savage?, without alarm, saw, from the oppo- 
 site si ie of the gulpli, while the French entered 
 their dwell'ngs, and even descended into their tombs. 
 The French, knowing and reverencing this noble- 
 minded confidence of iheir hosts, scrupulously with- 
 held tlieir hands horn injuring or carrying off the 
 smallest of those articles which they were thus un- 
 mistrusrfully permitted to examine. These people 
 ate also wont to pull up and to dry for use, as win- 
 tt-r'fuod, the roots of llie saranna, and some other 
 plants. The bodies of the poorer dead are exposed 
 on biers in the open air, on a st;i^e of some eleva- 
 tion, with their dresses and Imidements of huntintif 
 
 an 
 
 d fisl 
 
 iinjr. 
 
 luntr aroun 
 
 d th 
 
 eiTJ, 
 
 Tl 
 
 lere appc 
 
 arcd 
 
 no reason for thinking that these hordts owned any 
 other form of government than the simply natural 
 rind patr'archal. They are a feeble incL' •, and their 
 features are remaikably different from all those forms 
 to which we are wont to attach the idea of beauty. 
 M'he middle stnture amon;: them, rises not to four 
 
 feet t 
 
 en incites 
 
 'i heir bodies are lank ; iheir voice ^ 
 
 thin and faint, as those of children j their cheek- 
 bones, high J their eyes, small, bleared, and stand- 
 
 Ji'lT 
 
 ,? 
 
 di 
 It! 
 
 iiyona 
 
 lly 
 
 in 
 
 tl 
 
 IC bOCuCtS. 
 
 Thv 
 
 lave 
 
 tl 
 
 le 
 
 moutn, large 
 
 the ncsr, llat j the chin, shoit, and 
 nlmost beardless j thtir skin, of an olive colour, ani 
 sutHcIently varnlslied wiih smoke and oil. Both 
 men and women sulVcr the haii 10 ^rjw lo a great 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 
170 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 length : The men binding it up, as is common a- 
 mong us ; the women wearing theirs loose upon the 
 shoulders. The labours of the women are confined 
 to the cutting and sewing of clothes for themselves 
 and the men, the management of their children, the 
 curing of fishes for winter stores. The children 
 are, to the age of thrte or four years, suckled at the 
 breast. The women appeared to enjoy considerable 
 influence over all the transactions of the men. No 
 bargains would the latter conclude with their French 
 visitants, without having first obtained the consent 
 of their wives. The copper trinkets, and the pen- 
 dent silver ear-rings, are, properly, the ornaments of 
 the wives and daughters. A w;iistcoat of nankeen, 
 or of dog-skin, or fish-skin, cut Into the shape of a 
 vaggoner's frock, is the common dress of the men 
 and boys. When this garment reaches below the 
 knees, no drawers are worn with it. If the waist- 
 coat be shorter, drawers, in the Chinese fashion, 
 and reaching so low as to the calf of the leg, are In 
 this case, worn. In winter, they wear, all, seal-skin 
 boots. At all times, and of whatever age, they 
 wear a leathern girdle, from which are suspended — 
 n small bag with tobacco, a steel to strike fire, and a 
 knife in a sheath. The women, differing somewhat 
 in dress from the men, wrap themselves in a large 
 nankeen roke, or in a robe of salmon's skin, tanned 
 vith a skill that miikt's it very fit for this use. The 
 salmons, of which the skins are thus tnnticd, are 
 taken only in winter, and wcjgh from thirty to forty 
 pounds. The robe reaches to the ancle-bone, and 
 is there bordered with a fringe of small copper or- 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 in 
 
 mned 
 The 
 
 , nre 
 forty 
 
 . and 
 
 naments. Of the religion of this people, no monu- 
 ments nor Indications could be discovered by the 
 French navi;^ators, except some rudely carved fi- 
 gures of children, arms, hands, legj; which were sus- 
 pended from the roofs of the huts, and greatly re- 
 sembled the votive offerings at the Roman Catholic 
 chapels. 'I'hey seemed to look upon their French 
 visitants as so'^cerers j so that they muse have some 
 notions of a malignant, supernatural power, which 
 may be cammunicated and exorcised for the purpose 
 of injuring manltind. Instead of grasping greedily 
 at the presents which were offered to them ', they 
 rather shewed a delicate and high-spliited reluct- 
 ance to accept such presents. They seemed to 
 expect them to be offered with a respectful polite- 
 ness, such as might not humble and wound the spirits 
 of the receivers. Gifts ollered to their children, 
 gave infinitely greater delight to the parents, ihaa 
 such as were presented to themselves. M. de la 
 Pcyrouse, caressing two little children in one of the 
 huts, gave them, in the presence of their parents, a 
 piece of rose-coloured nanlveen : The father imme- 
 diately going out, returned with his most beautiful 
 dog, and intreated the French commander to accept 
 him : When M. de la Peyrouse refused the present j 
 the father made his children, who had received the 
 nankeen, to put their hands upon the dog, and to 
 beg their benefactor to taki.* him. This little tran- 
 saction indicates a tenderness and generosity of sen- 
 timent, such as could nut eas ly be excelled by the 
 viitues of a civliixed people. lluir dogs, — the 
 wolf dog, — arc of middle sue, very stronnj^ very 
 
 O 2 
 
 i 
 
 I di 
 
 k 
 
 V .|-'5J 
 
 I 
 
 I till 
 1 
 
 III 
 
172 
 
 LA P L Y R U S L ■' S VOYAGE 
 
 I 
 
 «.^cnTl£ and docile, and apt to be yoked, like these 
 ot Kamtschatka, in small, li'>nt sledpes. From the 
 5.tvan;^cr Bitchys whom the French navigators here 
 found tradl'ig with the OR'rrrfi^s, iiiforniation v/as 
 oblhir.cd, t'lat the strci^xht between the Tartariiu 
 continent and the island of Tdioka, beccunrs, at 
 length, in a b>.uati..ri considerably noithvvard from 
 that whence the French fiigates had reverted their 
 course, a dry sandy lanh^ absolutely without water. 
 x\fter this, M. de la Feyrouse abandoned every de- 
 sign w'ith respect to this gulph, save that of explor- 
 iniir the southern liraits of the island of Tchoka. 
 The naturalists, in the mean time, were assiduous in 
 the study of the mineralogy of the coasts and the 
 tblets of the Bale de Castles. The islets are com- 
 posed of trapp, g'ey basaltes, and red lava, both 
 compact and porous. N ) volcanic crateres were, 
 however, discovered •, and the eruptions were, there- 
 fore, inferred to have been very ancient. Several 
 crystallizations were found among the volcanic mat- 
 ters. No new species were here found by the bo- 
 tanists Tlie stiawberrics aid rasp-ben its were 
 iitill in flower : the gooseberries were beginning to 
 turn ltd : Celcvy and cresses were not plcntiiul. 
 Foliated oysters of a black and vinous colour •, b'.au- 
 liful whelks j pcctincs j sm ill common mussels j witli 
 dillV'ient varieties of the Khna-cochUy were found by 
 the conchologists. Water hens, wild duck>, cor- 
 morants, guillemots, black find white vvag-tails, a 
 small undcscribid lly- catcher of an a/iirc blue co- 
 lour, were among the fowls shot by the hunters. 
 The individuals of all thcic species, were, however, 
 
"P 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 7 •>! -» 
 
 but rare. They appeared not in flocks, but solitary 
 mournful, and drooping. The martin and sand- 
 martin were the only species of birds which appear- 
 ed to be here in thfir proper element, and n^turf 1 
 residence. It h probable, that, to a certain depth, 
 the earth remains here frozen, even during summer. 
 The temperature of the streams never exceeded 4*^ 
 of Reaumur's thermometer. In the open air, the 
 mercury stood at 1 5*^. These people are utterly 
 strangers to the practice of agriculture. Yet, they 
 are fond of vegetable substances, and collect the 
 wild bulbous roots for their winter's provisions. In 
 genius, art, and industry, as in vi'TOur of bodily can- 
 jtltution, they are greatly inferior to the inhabilaiit*^ 
 of Tchoka. 
 
 On the 2d day of August, the French f:i;^ate.; 
 sailed with a fair western wind, from the bottom of 
 the Bay de Castries. This was soon after changed 
 for southern winds. They wished to run along the 
 coast of the continent, till they should come withia 
 sight of Peak Lamanon. The weather, hitherto fa- 
 vourable, became, on the Oth, exceedingly incle- 
 ment. The tempestous rolling of the billows, to- 
 gether with adverse breezes from the south, oblig- 
 ed them to sail with all their sails expanded, and 
 with extreme caution, lest they should be carried 
 backwards, or hurried into sudden danger. The 
 barometer fell as low as to twenty seven inches five 
 
 li 
 
 nes. 
 
 A th 
 
 ousand circumstances conspiring, ren- 
 
 dered their progress extremely dai\gerous and a- 
 larming. Northerly winds, however, came at last 
 ta their relief, lu the evening of the c^th, the fri» 
 
 m 
 
 Si 
 
3 74 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's VOYAflE 
 
 gates lir.d, by tlie a«;slstance of these ulnds, rcacliecJ 
 tlie latitude of the Bnu' do Lati^le. A bank, afford- 
 ing very rrorulnr soundings, nas found to extend op- 
 posite to tills l);iy, for ten Iciigues, from north to 
 south, niKl, at the same time, to ijii out, for about 
 <ight leagues westward. l*roccediiig along the 
 coast, at two Ica-rucs of distance from It, they saw, 
 to tlic south-west, a small low-lvincr isle, between 
 Tvhicli and Tcbcka was formed a channel about six 
 
 h 
 
 enfrncs wide. 
 
 '^ 
 
 '\\\ 
 
 lis isle receivec 
 
 I tl 
 
 le name o 
 
 f I 
 
 SLC 
 
 MoNNFRON, in honour of 1\I. de Monneron, ^\l^) was 
 f ngineer for this ex|)cdIt!on. A lu^ik, at li.isi ten 
 or twelve hundred tniscs in height, was shortly after 
 observed ; and it received from our voyagers, th« 
 ivime of I'rAK. de L.\n^;li:. Its po^liifin is in 4(," i ;>' 
 N. Lat. The southern point of thf island of 'rcho- 
 ka or begalien, was next discovered : it was found to 
 lie 111 45° 57' N. L:tt. in 14^" ^4' K. I.ong. In Ici'gth 
 from north to bcut!i. 'I'b.e i.sle of Tcheka, which 
 thus terinliiatts, ir. one of the greatest in the woiKl. 
 It is this same isle which has been otherwise known 
 hv t!.e name of C)i:u Jls>^o. Ciucha, divided from 
 'I'choka by a cIkuuicI which Is but twelve kaguef 
 in brcdth i^ the Jisst) of the Japanese \ aiul its ex- 
 tension suuthwarJ, is boun 'ed only by the Strright 
 of Sanuaah. 'I'he KuRiLif. Isuis He father cast- 
 
 ivard 
 
 niu 
 
 i \v\^ 
 
 tl 
 
 ween these isles, on llie one sulc, an 
 
 th 
 
 a< 
 
 the two JKSsos, or Citicha and 'I'chuka, on the c« 
 ther, Is cmipreherded that which has been denomi- 
 nated tlie tiea of ft sso, and commu'ilcatcs with \\u 
 Sea of ()rnt,r'iK.. At Capk Crulon, the iidiabilant.:; 
 gf the isluul uf Ith Ji.a, for ihc first time, vcntuied 
 
ROUND THE WOflLD. 
 
 K5 
 
 to visit tlie French navigators on board their ships. 
 At liieir first cominGj on boarJ, they betrayed some 
 fears ; which, however, were ahuost immediately 
 cSanpjcd for extreme coufidiMice. They acted with 
 the same freedom, as if amuoL^ their best friends ; 
 site dorvn in a circle on the qLUirterdeck, and ^'ty- 
 ly smoked tlicir pipes. 'Iliis confidonce of theirs 
 was, by tl.e I'lcnch, encouraged ar.d rewarded with 
 presents of iron instruments, bculs, silks, tobacco, 
 ;ind nankeen, 'i'obacco md Inandy were soon pcr- 
 (jlved tL) be llic articles which ihcy pii/cd tlie 
 n ' I. 'J'he figures of these islanders are stout and 
 wfU-pvoportioncd •, their features are rei^ular*, iheii" 
 b* ird reaches to the breast j their arms, neck, and 
 b ick. arc covereil with hair. Their nrhiJIe .stature 
 sremed to be a'.jout an ini'h lower than that of the 
 French, 'I Ih ir sl.In is tawny as that of the nations 
 oa llie cnist of jjarbary, 1 heir manners w. ro 
 V iMve aiiJ dis(nitied. But tliev siiewed much more 
 cf avKiice^y^d Kss of gratitude, tlian the C)K'>TniYs 
 if tl)e mtw ilc dntricx. Their dresses arc all tin: 
 workmansliip of their own hands. 1 heir huts and 
 farniture dsplay no inconsiderable neatness and ele- 
 gince. They extract the oil of the whab-, by cut- 
 ting the carcase into small piei e<, csp)sing these 
 pieces to putrefy on u slope before the sun and re- 
 ctivinjj tlic oil, as it runs from their putrefaction, in- 
 to vessels of baik or seal^ skin conveniently plac' d. 
 It Is only on the cistern si.lc of the i.O md of Teho- 
 ka, that wi»alc« appear. 'I hou»;h ll\eir modes ot 
 life be 8o near! V similar to those of the litrtars o\\ 
 the continent, it is not imi^n^ilblc but ibey may be 
 
 ' 
 
 'it 
 
176 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 a race of people descended from some very different 
 origin. They appeared to posses* a considerable 
 geographical knowledge of this isle, and the oppo- 
 site continent : And their information confirmed 
 those conclu'iions which our voyagers had before 
 been led to make. Concerning Cape Crillon, how- 
 ever, our voyagers might have been led into a fatal 
 error, if they had too hastily believed what they 
 understood to be the communication of their insular 
 friends. The canoe being to these people their on- 
 ly mean of m'.asurement and comparison •, they aifj 
 apt to regard a cove, that alTords reception for but 
 three or four canoes, as a vast harbour, and to re- 
 present a fathom of water, as a depth almost immea- 
 surable. M. de Vaujeas, who had gone to verify 
 the communication of the savages concerning Cape 
 Crillon, returned before night, with a large (juan- 
 tity of salmons, and some articles which he had re- 
 ceived from the natives, in barter. He had found 
 the houses furnishtd with a comparative sumptuous- 
 ness, and ornamented within, with large varnished 
 vessels of Japan. The contiguity of Ciiicha ena- 
 bles these people to obtain at tides of Japanese ma- 
 nufacture in exchange for their whale oil, mutli 
 more readily th.m can their more northern neigh- 
 bours. At the approach of evening, the islanders* 
 left the ships, with a promise to re- visit them next 
 morning. They returned with some salnioni, a si. 
 bre, it>d a linen dress, in exchange for which, they 
 obtained knives and hatchits. Thcv would gladly 
 have pei-uadcd our voyagers to double Cape Ciil 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 177 
 
 Ion, and enter the gulph of Aniva, or ratlicr a bay 
 in it, to which tlicy jj^hvc the name of Tabouoro. 
 
 A light breeze from the north- east, enabled our 
 voyagers again to sail. Doubli'iq Cape Ciiilon, tliey 
 ])trceivcd from the mast head, a rock or islet, a- 
 bout four leagues S. li. from the rocky point of the 
 cape \ and distinguiihed it by the name of La Das- 
 CEREUSE. It is level with the surface of the water, 
 and may probably be covered when the tide is at 
 its height. They stercd to the huwardoi this rock, 
 and went round it, at a league's distance. They 
 lad, at til's distance, regular soundings in twenty- 
 three fdlhoms depth of water. Their progress now 
 crossed the sti eight between Chicha and I choka, 
 which has very properly been named La Peyr-ouse's 
 fcxREiGHT. "^1 bey found Capk Aniva to be very 
 correctly placed In the maps of the Dutch naviga- 
 tors wiio formerly visited these stas. On the 1 jth, 
 they were, by cstronomital observation, and by 
 their time-keepers, in N. Lat, 46° ^' in E. Long, 
 14 i" y,', 'I'licy saw no l.ind, and could fii.d na 
 bottom. The sky was, on tlie i^th and 17th, grey, 
 ondtliickly obscured by fugs. The wind changed to the 
 cist \ and our navigators f/utli/i^ a toch to the south, 
 liad a clear vi«.w of SrATiN Island. On the n^th, 
 Cape 'Iroun, to the sculhward, Jind Cap*; Uh-hs, S, 
 v.. ly K. wpptaird in jight. C)n tl;c .0th, they 
 saw Company's Islam), and thnnigh fjgs rcronnoi- 
 tred the Stmuout of LUiks. Company's Islmd, 
 tilorg which they rat), at tl rce cr four leagues of 
 
 cl'st 
 
 aiice, 
 
 ijipcar 
 
 cd to be bnircn, destitute ot ver- 
 
 nrc, and ut:in 
 
 habit 
 
 ab.c. 
 
 bomc cKfls in the whiit- 
 
 11 
 
 III 
 
1)8 
 
 LA PETROUSE^S VOYAGE 
 
 coloured rocks, were at first mistaken for snow, 
 but afterwaids more accurately distinguished 1 o 
 the N. E. point of th^s isle, our navigators gave the 
 name of Cape Kastmcum, in honour of the ship 
 by which it was first dixovered. Beyond it, they 
 could perceive thr'C vr four islets*, and northward, 
 a larj;e channtl, nhich seemed to divide Company's 
 Island from the Kurilks. Fogs made it impossi ,Ie 
 for them to continue their course on the 21st, the 
 22d, and the 23d. On the 24th, the 25th, and 
 the 26th, tlie same fogs still prevailed ; and our na- 
 vigators were obliged to continue tachrig among 
 these isles. On the 29th the weather cleared up j 
 and they again dlscernftd the summits of the moun- 
 tains. They descried Mareckan Isle, the most south- 
 ern of the Kuriles. From N, E. to 5 W. its Itnoth 
 is about ten leagues, A liigh jutting rock terminates 
 each of its extiemitics : In its middle tiscs a peak, 
 that, at a distance, seems to contain the urificc ol a 
 volcano, l he northerly winds prevailing, determined 
 our navigators to sail out by tUc channel which lies 
 southward from Marcckan. Duiing the night they 
 crowded sai/^ in order to reach the entrance of the 
 channel. At diy-brt;«k, tluy desciicd the south- 
 west point of Marcckan, dist int ut about two leagues 
 to the south cast. To this pc^int was given the name 
 of Cape Kollin, in honour of M. RuUin, the sur- 
 [{eon of the expedition. i hey were left, fur some 
 short time, in n dead calm. Ijcit, the current for- 
 tunately drove them towauls the middle of the chan- 
 
 nc 
 
 1 
 
 on 
 
 d th 
 
 cy advanced, 
 
 in 
 
 tl 
 
 lis way, a JO 
 
 ut fo 
 
 ur 
 
 leagues eastward. 'I'iie brcudih of the channel, 
 
ROUND THR WORLD. 
 
 lies 
 ibcy 
 
 llie 
 
 nth- 
 
 lies 
 
 .line 
 
 Mir- 
 
 for- 
 lian- 
 foui" 
 
 179 
 
 tliey cert&inly found to be about fifteen leagues; 
 The winds at last settled at E. N. E. and they en- 
 tered the channel by clear moon light. It was 
 named by them Canal de la Boussole *, and they 
 thou^rht it the finest that was to be found among 
 the Kurile Isles. At midnight, the sky was again 
 obscured by clouds j and the next morning was 
 veiled in thick fogs. At six in the evening, while 
 the fogs still continued, they tacked towards the 
 land. 'I he fogs were still thick. To-.vards mid- 
 night, the shifting of the wind to the W. enabled 
 the French frigates to stand to the eastward, while 
 they waited for the return of morning. The sun 
 was twice visible during the morning. The fogs 
 then returned with equal thickness, as in the pre- 
 ceding day. M. de la Peyrouse, in consid* ration 
 tlut the season was far advanced, was now at last 
 induced to abandon tlie design of exploring the nor- 
 thern Kuriles, and to bend liis course towards 
 Kamt^chatka He therefore siotdh. N. E. Till 
 the ^th of bcptember, tlie fogs still obscured their 
 horizon. 
 
 Diiiin^ this progress, tliey had time to compare 
 and to examine in a more paiticulur manner, their 
 r-espectivc observations concerning the natural his- 
 tory of the new lands uhich lh«'y had visited, and 
 the state of society in th-m. Iho seas of I'artary 
 wliich thrv explond, thouj^li the limits of the old- 
 est inhabited continent had liccn uttnly unknown to 
 Europeans. The Jesuits could never conmmnicate 
 nnv decisive information concerning tlit eastern part 
 of the Chinese empire, buch uf them as truvcllcd 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 I 
 
j8o 
 
 LA PEYROUSE^S VOYAGE 
 
 into Tartary, ^vere never permitted to approach the 
 sea-shore. The emperor always prohibited every 
 person from sailing to the northward of liis domini- 
 ons : And it was supposed that this northern region 
 of Asia concealed riches, which its lords were anxi- 
 ous to hide from the avarice of strangers. From the 
 observations of the French navigators, it has appear- 
 ed, that the northern coast of East Tartary is as 
 thinly inhabited as that of North America. Its 
 mountains and the river of Sci^alien have cut it off, 
 except at the sea-coast, from being explored by the 
 Chinese or the Japanese. Its inhabitants are pecu- 
 liarly distinguished, alike from the Mantchou lar- 
 tars, and from the islanders of Jesso, Oku-Jesso, 
 and the Kuriles. I'he ilver of begalien is the ge- 
 neral receptacle of its waters. The whole num!)er 
 of the people inhabiting in the tract from the 42" of 
 North Latitude, as far as to the Bate de Casiric^^ 
 would certainly be over- rated at three millions. 
 The river i.f Segalien, not f.ir removed beyond ;his 
 
 bay, IS the only chinnel ot passage to the mttrior 
 co'PmtTC.: of the country The inhabitants of jesso 
 nnd Oka- Jesso, are all well acquainted with the ex- 
 istence of the river of bcgallen. The ,;dvt ntures 
 of commerce, however, advance up it, but for eight 
 
 or 
 
 leu d 
 
 ays journey 
 
 Ih 
 
 e marsiies w 
 
 ;hicl 
 
 1 surrounc 
 
 the mouth of the livcr, pio^ably exclude the I'ar- 
 tais with their llocks, from all residence near it. 
 Tlie ancient tiairativc of the Jesuits, have repre- 
 sented this coast ns the scene of a pearl-fishery: 
 But the I'rench iavi(;ators did not any whtre find 
 yenrh of sucli beauty, or \\\ uch nua'ibers in the 
 
ROUND THE \V O ;<. L D. 
 
 iSfr 
 
 shells uF the ovsters which thcv drayjed up, ns that 
 they cauld deteimine any ihii;g coriCtrning the rea- 
 lity ot that piece of information. No permanently 
 inhabited villaees were seen on the coa,t. Bears, 
 hinds, fawns, were perceived fef-ding in a tranquillity, 
 tliHt shewed these !-cc;!es to be little frequented by 
 mankir.d, on the co-ist of the Baie de Tlrnaie. u\. 
 tonib, with the remiunsof some burni: trees, wore the 
 only things indicating this region to be. at all, the 
 report of human inhabitants. The Baie de SuJJ'rcin 
 was equally desolate. Nor did the whole |>opula- 
 lioa of the Bait' dc Caxtries appear to exceed five 
 and twenty or thirty persons riiut, ciialcedony, 
 
 caJcuicous spar, zeolite, porpiiyry, several bcautiluj 
 crystals ar:d incrustations ot volcanic origin, with a 
 diver>.ily of othei matters, such a^j are often found 
 amid the lavas of extin-'uisiied volcanoes ; but no 
 etallic substances ; — were iound on these coasts bv 
 
 m 
 
 the minerah^gists attendant on the French voyage, 
 'I'choka or Oku-Jes^'O, presents a coast still mori* 
 fertile in vegetation than the oppo>ite continent cf 
 
 'rarlai 
 
 Yet, the vcpctable kinuioin furnishes 
 
 but a comparatively small proporiiiui of the ^;ub- 
 sisttncs of its inhabitants, — only the roots of sa- 
 raiurj and of garlic. Juven himting seems to yield 
 bi:t an inconsiderable part of their proviiilons ; 
 ihcir dogs lefused llesh, bit devoured H>h with the 
 must voracious eagerness. 'i"he skins of tlKs end 
 bears, forming a part of the drtss of these ptojd<r, 
 seem to bespeak, that tliey are wont to kill ih» se «. 
 liimuls in the thace. It is, probably, in uialer .1- 
 lohe, thitt they alt^kck them with iLtIr uriow;., wijcu 
 
 .'C- 
 
 
 !l- 
 
 ' 
 
 U. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 ,.1 f 
 
 m 
 
 iitjvfl 
 
 m. 
 
 ^'Vf. 
 
r82 
 
 LA PEYROUSe'S voyage 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 I. 
 
 ( 
 
 
 the animals are the most feeble and helpless. They 
 arc likewise wont to take them by snares, into which 
 the animal Is enticed by a bait, in catching at which 
 he moves a triq^yer by which an arrow is discharg- 
 ed, that gives him his death's wound. Ihe islanders 
 appeared proud of the scars which they had receiv- 
 ed in combatting with bears. Their canoes were 
 hollowed trunks of the fir-tree, and appeared capa- 
 ble of containing seven or eight persons. J'hese 
 slender vessels, rowed with very light oars, ate em- 
 ployed by their possessors in voyages to the distance 
 of two hundred leagues, — from the southern extre- 
 mities of Jessn and ' 'ku-Jesso, as far as to the river 
 of Segallcn, in 33*^ N. Lat. The winds, following 
 the direction ol the channel, produce no surf upon 
 the shore *, in consequence of which, it becomes easy 
 to land in all the creaks : and the canues, in their 
 long voyages, are every evening run a ground. 
 Crossing from one island to another, they sei^e 
 alwnys the season of a perfect calm. At other 
 times, their progress is .ilways within the distance 
 of a pistol-shot from the land. i*5almons, to be 
 c'.mght at the mouth of every rivulet, aflbrd tliem 
 subsi.stence : They erect cabins wherever they 
 stop, strike fire with a steel, llint, and tinder, and 
 dress their provisions according to their ordinary 
 domestic practice, bometiraes, they form with a 
 couple of oars and a garment, a sort of rude mast 
 and sail. Very small canoes, sucii as contain not 
 moro than two men, ate used for fishing in the small 
 rivers, and arc pushed about, in shallow water, with 
 fiXXisW slicks instead of poles —The manners on the 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 183 
 
 i-i'i- 
 
 coast of Tartary, are very nearly the same as in 
 Tchoka j but, the French voyagers thought, they 
 could perceive the existence of a distinction of ranks 
 among the islanders, which did not meet their ob- 
 servation on the continent. There was, in every 
 one of the canoes of the islanders, one man with 
 whom the rest did not eat nor converse, and who, 
 if not a x/ryw, was certainly inferior to the rest iu 
 rank. The commerce of their whale oil, and the 
 frequency of their intercourse with the Japanese, 
 have conferred on the people of Jesso and Oku- 
 Jesso, an opulence which does not appear among the 
 Bitchysandthe Orotchys,— Images were seen suspen- 
 ded from the roofs of the huts, in the Bates de Cust- 
 rit's, and dc Crillon. At the Bale de Cvillon^ the chief 
 of a canoe, receiving a bottle of brandy from M. de 
 la Peyrouse, poured some drops from it into the 
 sea, as a libation to the deity whom he worship- 
 ped, before he would, himself, presume to taste it- 
 It ii not likely, that the Europeans will ever be 
 tempted to frequent these seas on account of those 
 small quantities of skins, dried fishes, and whale- 
 oil, which alone they ail'ord for commerce. The 
 French n-ivlgators humanely declined the purchase 
 of the dried salmons which the people of these coast* 
 had provided for their winter provisions, lest, part- 
 ing with these, the good folks might be reduced to 
 perish by famine, amid the storms of winter. No 
 sea-otters were here to be seen j nor did the natives 
 appear to have any particular knowledge of the ex- 
 istence of such an animal, or of the value of fur^. 
 Tlic sca-ottcris indeed most probably to be found 
 
 V 2 
 
 if" 
 
 
 I'M 
 
 ••f 
 
 \ \ 
 
 
 it.i'M;i 
 
1S4 
 
 LA PEYR0r;5;s'S VOYAGE 
 
 il 
 
 ,! 
 
 cnly in the e.?Me.vA part of the northern Kurllcs.— 
 Peak Ji> L mg/e, bcin;^ more than f.velve hunJred 
 tolses i'l h?i;4ht, and in clear weather, visible at the 
 distance of forty leagues, is an excellent hind-rrmk 
 for the soutlicrn coast of the ne\vly discovered chan- 
 nel of 'i'artarv. The Russians, ilioii<'h not the dis- 
 coverers of this channel and its adjacent isles, are 
 likely to profit the most by the discovery \ for they 
 will, hereafter, in all probability, carry on n great 
 navigation in the sea of Ochotsk, and establish art, 
 ;;cience, and an abundant, civilized, population, in 
 these regions, of which the solitude is, at present, 
 scarcely enlivened by a few hordes of wandering 
 Tartars. It is impossible now to ascertain by wliat 
 progress these northern extremities of the Asiatic 
 coasts received their population. But it may easily 
 be conceived, that when the adjacent continent was 
 once peopled, some of those innumerable accidents 
 to which the fortunes of mankind arc subject, 
 could not fail to diffuse a few fugitivw;s or adventur- 
 ers, even into regions so remote and comfortless. — 
 'i'he following is the most ample Vocadl'lary of the 
 lann"un[rc of the Island of Tchoka, which t' French 
 navigators were, during their short stay on tlie 
 coast, able to collect. — Their pronunciation is gut. 
 tural, yet soft, resembling that of persons who have 
 the defect in articulation, of speaking thick. 
 
 '^he princ'ifial (i:irt^ of the human body. 
 Chy^ The eyes 
 
 Taroj The eye-brows 
 
 '^tiechclyiu^ '\ he forehead 
 
 Do//, The nose 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 i8i 
 
 m 
 
 me 
 
 nc. U 
 the 
 gut. 
 
 Notamckaun^ 
 
 The cheeks 
 
 TsarOf 
 
 The mouth 
 
 XmOf 
 
 The teeth 
 
 jioTiy 
 
 The tongue 
 
 Mochtchiri^ 
 
 The chin 
 
 Tch^e, 
 
 The beard 
 
 %l' chara^ 
 
 The ears 
 
 ChapOf 
 
 The hair 
 
 OchetouroUy 
 
 The nape of the neck 
 
 Saitourou^ 
 
 The back 
 
 Tapinn ehim^ 
 
 The shoulder 
 
 *Jacts soukf 
 
 The arms 
 
 '^oy, 
 
 The fore-arm '• '<' ' 
 
 Tay-ha^ 
 
 The wrist 
 
 Tay-powp^f 
 
 The hand and fingeri 
 
 Tchouni /iompi't 
 
 The thumb 
 
 Kbouaime pompe^ 
 
 The fore figner 
 
 Kmoche kia ponipi 
 
 ), The middle finger 
 
 Obsta poffiptf 
 
 The fourth finger 
 
 Para pottip^y 
 
 The little finger 
 
 Tchame^ 
 
 The fore and upper parte 
 
 
 of the breast 
 
 roho. 
 
 The nipples 
 
 HonCf 
 
 The belly 
 
 Tsisra, 
 
 The private parts of the man 
 
 ChipouUle^ 
 
 The private parts of u woman 
 
 u^ssorohdy 
 
 The buttocks 
 
 Jlmhcy 
 
 The thighs 
 
 yluchi^ 
 
 The knees 
 
 1 cheat f 
 
 The ham or bend of the 
 
 
 knee 
 
 j^ 'una it SI 
 
 The legs 
 
 Oati/j:'hf 
 
 Thecalfofthcleg 
 
 
 Pi 
 
i86 
 
 LA P E Y R OU .-. E ' S VOYAGE 
 
 |f!i 
 
 Otocouhamiy 
 
 The ankles 
 
 The upper part of the foot 
 
 The heel 
 
 The sole of the feet 
 
 Tchol 
 
 a run a 
 
 Knma /iompcaniy The great toe 
 
 Tassou pom/teom, The second toe 
 
 Vnxsouha poinpeaf»,'Y\\e. middle toe 
 
 Tassounm, The fourth, and the little toe 
 
 Names of a diversity of other object";. 
 Y7, The great island which they in- 
 
 habit 
 Another less cfeneral name for the 
 
 J 
 
 same 
 
 isle 
 
 Chid 
 
 )a. 
 
 Mantchous. 
 
 I'chovzd. 
 
 An island or people, south from 
 
 Tchoka 
 A people of Tartary, dwelling on 
 the river Segallcn, N. W- fronr. 
 
 Tchol;a 
 
 Th 
 
 e sea 
 
 KaiattiyOvKahani^ A ship 
 
 ilocatoijrou, 
 
 'omc 
 
 T.(7. 
 
 Ouhanno 
 Koch'koum. 
 
 A canoe 
 
 A thole of a canoe 
 
 Oars or paddles 
 
 A small vessel with a handle, vvhict; 
 ib made of birch-baik, and is us- 
 ed in drinking, and In emptying 
 the canoes of water 
 
 Ouachehahaiy A wooden scoop or shovel, for emp- 
 tying the canoes of water 
 
 Turatte^ A very long, strong, yet narrow len- 
 
 them strap, used in fastening cii- 
 
 noes 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 iRy 
 
 The bench of a canoe 
 
 Am iron hatchet, — imported by the 
 
 Mantchou Tartars 
 A great lance of tempered iron,— 
 
 likewise imported by the Man- 
 tchou Tartars 
 A bow 
 Common arrows tipped with iron, 
 
 smooth or barbed. M. T. 
 Forked arrows, tipped with iron, 
 
 M. T. 
 Blunt wooden arrows 
 A large cutlass. M. T. 
 Mat urainitsi and 
 
 Makiriy A small knife in a sheath, which 
 
 hangs from a leathern girdle round 
 
 the body. M. T. 
 A name for a French knife in a 
 
 sheath 
 A large thumb-ring of iron, lead, 
 
 MoncarOf 
 Ho, 
 
 Couhou, 
 
 lasse/.'ai, 
 
 Tassiro. 
 
 Mat 
 
 Sire, 
 
 liiikatm 
 
 wood, or the sea-cow's tooth 
 
 icotanij 
 
 scvvinfr nee 
 
 dh 
 
 Yech 
 
 >tr. 
 
 ^ichl'a. 
 
 10 
 
 bcl^Ot 
 
 .Acht 
 
 Hvtar 
 
 oussa. 
 
 ouss, 
 
 Titarapi 
 
 A 
 
 A cravat or handkerchief 
 
 A hat or bonnet 
 
 The skin of the sea-calf, made Into 
 a long, loose great coat 
 
 A loose great coat, very skilfully 
 made of the bark of the birch- 
 tree 
 
 A large great-coat of dog-skin 
 
 A co.irse stuft* shiit, ornamented 
 
 with 
 
 :dg 
 
 n cuuing 
 
 f nank 
 
 :^f- 'fl 
 
 m^ ;fl 
 
 II 
 
 cen 
 
i8S 
 
 LA PEYROUSE*S VOYAGE 
 
 Otoumouchi, 
 
 Ochfs^ 
 Tcbiran^ 
 
 MiraubaUf 
 
 Tcharompe^ 
 
 Tatnay 
 
 Small, round-headed, waistcoat but- 
 tons of brass. M. T. 
 Buskins of skin, sewed to the shoes 
 Shoes in the Chinese fashion, termi- 
 nating in a point, which bends 
 upwards 
 A leathern hag, with four twisted 
 horns, which is hung as a pouch, 
 at the girdle 
 Ear-rings, consisting, each, com- 
 monly of six or eight blue beads, 
 M.T. 
 Single blue beads. Blue is the fa- 
 vourite colour of all these people 
 Hieratchtchiramy A large and strong mat, on which 
 
 they sit or lie down to sleep 
 j^chliaharoup}^ A screen in the shape of a fan, which 
 
 the old men wear to protect their 
 eyes from the sun 
 The fire '4s* 
 
 A dog 
 A musket 
 
 A bucket for drawing water, shaped 
 like ours, but made of the bail', 
 of the biich tree 
 Ficsh water 
 Sea- water 
 Small rord 
 
 A large wooden spoon 
 A copper kettle. M, T. 
 A rod or pole 
 A hut ur house 
 
 
 Ounchkaf 
 
 CbtchepOf 
 
 Sorotfi/i/^f 
 Vitubau^ 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 189 
 
 UbOf 
 
 Xnye, 
 
 II'j.. "-aray 
 il'/urara haune^ 
 Tcbaira^ 
 
 Tthait'Qubay 
 ChaumnUf 
 
 ^.r sieheche'f 
 TochCf 
 
 Chon/til'i\ 
 Ot'jroutchina^ 
 
 Mabjuni 
 
 Mabjtft't 
 l\ch Koutou, 
 
 .'^r. /.;;•/, 
 
 KffiNcbhf 
 
 TalabUf 
 
 M(kbi\ 
 
 iJmucby 
 
 Otauiy 
 
 The houes, the hamlets 
 
 The plain on which stands the ham- 
 
 let 
 
 or village 
 
 river runnint: across 
 
 lie sun 
 
 the pi 
 
 .un 
 
 The rumament 
 
 Tiic clouds 
 
 'iiic wind 
 
 The cold 
 
 The season of sno'.v, winter 
 
 A stone 
 
 Wood, the trunk, of a tree 
 
 Plank of fir 
 
 Bark of rough birch-trees, in large 
 
 M 
 
 pieces 
 OSS, a 
 
 pl;int 
 
 Pastures, meadows 
 
 Small'ige, wild celery 
 
 Th". \Mld rose-tree 
 
 Ths dogrope, or blossom oi the 
 
 ro>e-trcc 
 A sort of tulip 
 The plant angelica 
 
 K bird, the sinj^inj^ of a bird 
 
 A bird's feather 
 
 'y\ 
 
 le lac 
 
 kd 
 
 uv 
 
 A *n>all common swallow 
 
 A gull 
 
 A common fly 
 
 'J'l 
 
 It comtnon 
 
 kirn 
 
 n cor 
 
 kle 
 
 'J he jDothcrof-pearl oyster 
 Harp lish 
 
 
 n 
 
' 
 
 " 
 
 1 90 
 
 Chauboun^ 
 P aunty 
 
 LA PEYROUSl's VOYAGE 
 
 N. 
 
 Salmon 
 
 Fishes in general, also a species of' 
 baibel 
 
 A variety of the carp 
 
 A fish bone 
 
 The roes, cj^ti^s, and alr-blacUlcr of 
 fi&hes, whif-li are broiled und pre- 
 served in heaps 
 
 A few common words. 
 
 m, hi, 
 
 Yes 
 
 Hya, 
 
 No 
 
 HrjUaitjf 
 
 That cannot be, I will not 
 
 Ta-sOf 
 
 Who ? what ? what is it ? 
 
 Tap, Tafie, 
 
 This, that 
 
 Couhaia, 
 
 Come hither 
 
 y/jb^, 
 
 To eat 
 
 Cbukii, 
 
 To drink 
 
 MuuarOf 
 
 To lie down, to more 
 
 £tarOf 
 
 To sleep 
 
 
 NumcrAli, 
 
 rvhini, 
 
 One 
 
 Tju, 
 
 Two 
 
 Tch^, 
 
 Three 
 
 rNt\ 
 
 Four 
 
 j4ic/jfi^t 
 
 Five 
 
 Thathp^^ 
 
 Six 
 
 ^rouathfiiy 
 
 Seveit 
 
 7uubt 6'cbfjM/fi'f ti^Ijt 
 Tchinchi Scbumf>i^ Ninr 
 Ujua/npCf Ten 
 
ROUND THE WORLD- 
 
 191 
 
 Tchinobi kassma^ 
 Toubi kassma^ 
 Tohei kassmay 
 YheOi k.is.ima^ 
 j^schnebi ka ■■ sina^ 
 Thambi kastma^ 
 j^rouamin kas\ma^ 
 Tuuhi schiitnpi kasitneiy 
 Tchuiibi icktnnpi Imsma^ 
 II . Nam/)/, hi kn i sma , 
 thiUumpLbi ka ma tchinec 
 ICnc hnutinipe t;uch ho^ 
 ylschn^ h uatipi' tauh ho^ 
 T'^u tucbue U'juaihpc loich- 
 
 Eleven 
 
 Twelve 
 
 Thirteen 
 
 Fourteen 
 
 Fifteen 
 
 Sixteen 
 
 Seventeen 
 
 Eighteen 
 
 Nineteen 
 
 Twenty 
 
 hoy I hirty 
 Forty 
 Fifty 
 
 /'o, An hundred 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 These islanders were not observed either to dance 
 or sing. But, with a s irt of music il instrument 
 fonacd of a stalk, of celery or euphorbium, they 
 %v<:ie heard to play some plaintive, wild notes, resem> 
 blinj» the softer tones of a trumpet. 
 
 Amidst this recollection of these novel nppearan- 
 ccs, in the varied condition of social life, which had 
 been presented to their observation on the eastern 
 coasts of Tartary j the French n.ivi^rntors advanced 
 on their voyage towards K.imischatka. At six o'- 
 clock in ti)e evening of the 3th of September, they 
 were within sight of the K.wntschaikan coast. The 
 laountains which they fust observed, were those of 
 tlje volcano noilhward from St I'cler and St Paul. 
 The aspect of tlic whole coast was hideous. N')ught 
 met the eye, but rocks, on which, even in the begin- 
 ning of September, the iujws as yet remained un- 
 
 1 
 
 ri 
 
 .i' 
 
 r f 
 
 
 'tf 
 
it)Z 
 
 LA I'EYROUSE*S VOYAGE 
 
 * 
 
 IM 
 
 thawed. On the day following, the weather conti- 
 nued clear. They stood to the northward : and, at 
 the bases of the mountains crowned with eternal Ice, 
 saw a ground riclily carpeted with lively verdure, 
 and shaded bv tufts and thickets of trees, la the 
 evening of the 6th, they reached the entrance of the 
 bay of AvATscHA, or St Peter and St Paul. The 
 fire in the Russian light-bouse upon the eastern 
 point of the bay, being sheltered from the winds on- 
 ly by four boards, could not be kept burning during 
 the night. Oar voyagers, therefore, delayed enter- 
 ing the bay, till the huur of two o'clock in the af- 
 ternoon of the following day, which was the ^ih of 
 September. Tiie governor came out, in his ciinoe, 
 for the space of five leagues, to meet them. I'luin 
 him they learned, that their arrival had been long 
 expected y and that the governor- gencr^il of idl 
 Kamtschatka had letters for them, and was expect- 
 ed to auive within five days, at the settUment of 
 St Pltlr and St Paul. Scarcely had our navigi- 
 tors come to anchor <ir tlic bottom of the bay, \vliin 
 the vicar of Paratuunka, with lii wife and chlldicn, 
 already celtbr.ived as the kind acquaintance of the 
 illustrious Coo!\,— '.vt'Te seen to come cagcily on 
 board. t ' 
 
 C II A P. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 193 
 
 c H A p r \:r tl:n • u. 
 
 VARRATIVE OF THE VOYAGE CONTINUED, FROM THE 7. OF 
 SEPTEMBER TO THE i. OF OCTOBER I787. TRANSAC- 
 TIONS IN THE BAY OF AVATSCHA : SHORT ACCOUNT OP 
 KAMTSCHATKA : DEPARTURE U*ON A SOUTHERN COURSE. 
 
 Ere the French voyagers could enter the station at 
 whicii they intenderl tbrit the frigates should be, dur- 
 inir their stay li this harbour ; — the foyon, or native 
 chief of the village, with several others of its inha- 
 bitants, came out to visit them. Oflfcrs of such pre- 
 sents as these good people had to bestow, and of 
 :>uch services as they were qualified to perform, were 
 warmly made by them, and were accepted by the 
 Fiench navigators. Muskets were lent, and pow- 
 der and shot were supplied to these friendly natives ; 
 and the French obtained from their cares, abundance 
 of wild fowl, during the whole time of their stay ia 
 the harbour. Lieutenant Kaborof, governor of the 
 harbour of St Plter. and bT Paul, and commander 
 of a military force of a Serjeant and forty Cossacks, 
 which was there stationed j — was unwcaiicd in his 
 kind attentions to the stran';crs j nor were his sol- 
 diers slow to imitate his benevolent example. This 
 gentleman instantly proposed to send a messenger 
 to Mr Kaslofi-Ougrlnin, governor general of Ok- 
 hotsk and Kamtschatka, who was then at Holche- 
 MTSK, with whiitcvcr dispatches M uc l.i Pcy rouse 
 flhould wi>h to be so forwarded, I\l. de Ltssti'*, a 
 
194 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 I '1 
 
 companion of the French voyage, acted as interpre- 
 ter between the French and the Russians ; and was 
 now employed to write a Russian letter, in the name 
 of M. de la Pes rouse, to Mr KaslofF. M. de la Pey- 
 rouse, at the i,ame time, wrote to the same gentle- 
 man in French. The Cossack messenger was in- 
 stantly dispatched, as the bearer of these letters. 
 In the mean time, our voyagers were enteitained 
 with every possible attention of honourable hospi- 
 tality by Mr Kabnrof, and the other inhabitants of 
 St Peter and bt Paul. Mrs Knborof, the lieuten- 
 ant s lady, was evtr leady to oiler them tea, and all 
 such other refreshments as the country commonly 
 afl'orded. Nor could Messrs de la Pey rouse and de 
 Langle avoid accepting, from her generositv, a few 
 valuable skins of sables, rein deer, and foxes. Every 
 one, indeed, was ambitious to make tlicm presents. 
 Our navigators, however, failed not, amply to compen- 
 sate the kindness of their hobts, by presents adapted 
 to be very serviceable in that climUe. For the ac- 
 comrot d.ition of tlie ii'tronomcrs of the voyage, the 
 most convenient house; in the village was, at tlic 
 firsi hint of request, appropriated, with the greatest 
 alacrity, by Mr Kaborcf, Guards and guides wtye 
 sent to accomi any llic naturalists in their excursions 
 to explore iht inletlor country, Messrs liernlzet, 
 INIongiii, and KectVLur, thus accompanied, went to 
 visit a volcano, t^.e smi ke of wliich, and sometimes 
 its flame, were seen from tlic harbour of Avatstha. 
 'J'hcir guides, beliiving that, in any attempt to 
 ascend the volcanic mountain hunKui beings must 
 vinuvoidrtbly pcrli^h ;innd ihc sn.tkc, would attend 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 195 
 
 ■pre- 
 was 
 ^ame 
 Pey- 
 ntle- 
 ,s in- 
 tters. 
 ained 
 Qospi- 
 
 lUS of 
 
 iuten- 
 
 ,nd all 
 
 monly 
 
 and de 
 a fevT 
 
 Every 
 
 esenls. 
 
 )ai\)cn- 
 aptcd 
 le ac- 
 
 oe, tlie 
 
 It ilie 
 
 e lit est 
 
 s ^^tre 
 
 ursious 
 
 nilzet, 
 
 ntiit to 
 
 iietiujcs 
 
 atsc'iift. 
 
 mpt to 
 
 IS must 
 
 ;',tU'nd 
 
 the Frenchmen only to the base of that mountain 5 
 and it was under this express condition they set out. 
 In a forest, at six leagues distance from the village, 
 was their first halt for rest. The intermediate ter- 
 ritory was irregularly overspread with birches, pines, 
 and other trees or Shrubs. Berries of various sorts, 
 and of every diflPercnt shade of b/ack and rerl, offer- 
 ed an agreeable refreshment to the travellers, on 
 their way. At sunset, the tent was pitched, and n 
 fire kindled with great quickness, and with the ut- 
 most attention to prevent the fire from communicat- 
 ing itself to the surrounding trees. In the morning, 
 the party again proceeded. The guides, according 
 to their agreement, stopped at the foot of the vol- 
 canic mountain, at the line beyond which vegeta- 
 tion ceased to ascend. Here they arrived not soon- 
 er than three o'clock in the afternoon of the second 
 day of their expedition. Having reposed them- 
 selves, during the night, the French gentlemen, on 
 the morning of the third day, ascended, alone, to- 
 wards the volcanic crater. The mountain appeared 
 to be composed of lavas, varying only in density or 
 porosity. On the summit vvcie found gypseous 
 stones, with sulphur in crystals, less beautiful than 
 those of the peak of Teneilffc The shorls, and 
 other stones, were in general less beautiful, than 
 those specimens of the same which are found near 
 ancient volcanoes. Among others which the French 
 naturalists brought back, were some tolerably good 
 specimens of the chrysolite. The horizon on the 
 summit of the mountain was not more than a muskct- 
 shjt in diameter j save that once, it opened and dis- 
 
 ^ ' 2 
 
lijO 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's V0 7AG2 
 
 i/> 
 
 covered to them the bay of Avatscha, ^\■Ith the fri- 
 gates diminished to the eye, by distance, to the size 
 of small canoes. On the edge of the crater, the 
 mercury in the barometer subsided to nineteeii in- 
 ches, eleven lines, and two tenths of a line j while 
 in the barometer on board the frifjattis, it fetood at 
 t'.vunty seven inches, nine lines, and two-tenths of a 
 line. On the summit of the volcanic mc»untain, the 
 mercury in the thermometer was two degixcs and a 
 half undor the freezing point : but at the water side, 
 there v.as a difference of no less than twelve degrees 
 from this temperature. To calculate the elevation 
 of the mountain, therefore, from the indications of 
 tae barometer, it should seem to be more than fif- 
 teen hundred toises above the level of the sea. Fogs 
 unfortLinately frustrated the views of the French 
 naturalists, who had ascended so far to examine the 
 volcanic crater. Returning to their tents below, they 
 found that their guides had already considered them 
 as persons who had thrown their lives away j had 
 said prayers for the rest of their departed spirits; and 
 had drunk a part of the brandy which wns left under 
 their care. The ensuini; night was distinguished by 
 an excessive fall of snow, in consequence of which 
 every idea of more purticularly exploring the limits 
 of the volcano, vvas abandoned j and tl:e naturali,"}!;;, 
 ^vlth their guides, returned in all possible haste to 
 the vilhige. — The casks were, in the mean time, 
 filled with water } and the /jo/(/s of the frigates, with 
 ^vood, and with hay for the tame animals which ouv 
 voyagers expected here to receive from the govcr- 
 nor. general. Of all their own //i-c' .r/'^r/', tlu-y had 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 197 
 
 but one sheep now surviving. Unluckily the Kamt- 
 schatkans have been hitherto extremely negligent 
 in regal a to the multiplication of tame cattle a- 
 mong them 5 although there Is such a luxuriance of 
 grass, in the southern part of this peninsula, that, 
 with the care of building barns for the reception of 
 hay, and cow-houses for the lodging of the cattle 
 themselves, during the months of winter, cattle 
 might soon be rendered as plentiful here as even in 
 Ireland. But, the chace of the wild animals, and 
 the capture of the salmons, which, in immense pro- 
 fusion, enter their rivers, appear to them, far easier 
 means of procuring subsistence. The Russian and 
 Cossack soldiers follow the example of the native 
 Kamtschatkans. Only the lieutenant and the ser- 
 jeant had small gardens filled with turnips and 
 potatoes. The rest are content with the roots of 
 wild plants, and with the berries, from which they 
 prepare conserved sweetmeats and agreeable drinks 
 for the use of winter. The French voyagers were 
 pleased to have it in tlielr power to Supply tlieiv 
 kind entertainers with a good quantity of the seeds 
 of some of the most valuable European potherbs, 
 Jn their hunting; cxrursions throu':jh the country, tlie 
 Strangers looked eagerly for bears, deer, and argali ; 
 but could find neither beasts nor birds of game, ex- 
 cept a few ducks, or rather teal. 'J'he friendly 
 Kamt.schadalt's, however, br-.ught them, during their 
 stay, f )ur bears, an clk-j a reindeer, with a large 
 quantity of divers and otlicr wild foivls. Abun- 
 dance of salmons, herrings, small cod, and plaice, 
 Kere, at all times, and with the utmost case, to bs 
 
 0.3 
 
 e i. <'! 
 
i 
 
 
 
 198 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 taken in the bay. A few barrels were salted for fu- 
 ture use. — M. Kasloff at length arrived j bringing 
 with him various specimens, particularly of the mi- 
 neralogy of the country, for the inspection of the 
 French naturalists. His address and manners were 
 those of a polite, accomplished, European gentle- 
 man. On the day after his arrival, he, with Ma 
 ScKMALEFF, Commander of the Kamtschadales, and 
 the good vicar of Paratounka, dined with M. de la 
 Pcyrouse, on board La Boussole. He was received, 
 as he came on board, with a salute of thirteen guns. 
 He brought no letters for our navigators. He greatly 
 regretted his inability to supply them, before the time 
 of their intended departure, with more than seven 
 heads of black cattle. On the day following, he dined 
 on board 1/ Astrolabe, where he vviis received with 
 the same honours. He would accept no paymer.t for 
 the oxen which he brought. On the day following, 
 he entertained them on shore, at a ball, to which all 
 the women of the village, both Kamtschadales and 
 Russiai'S, were invited to meet them. The dames, 
 both Kamtschadale and Russian, were dressed in 
 silk-stuffs, and wore, in particular, silk handker- 
 chief: bound round their heads. '1 he Russian dances 
 •were accompanied with very pleasing tunes. The 
 dances of the Kamtschadales resembled the vvritli" 
 ings of persons suffering under convuhuons. A sort 
 of mournful cry, ^^Ith dlfHculty elicited from the 
 the breasts of the performers, is the only music with 
 which these dances are accompanied. In the midst 
 of the ball, arrived a carrier from Ochotsk, the 
 beArev of a large trunk, contrvining packets of httcrr 
 
 11 
 
 ci 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 199 
 
 for tlie strangers. The ball was interrupted. The 
 Frenchmen were delighted with the news which 
 they received. M. de la Peyrouse, in particular, 
 was pleased to find himself promoted to the rank of 
 Commodore. Mr Kasloft' eagerly congratulated 
 him upon his new honours j and kindly celebrated 
 the event, by a discharge of all his artillery.— Pro- 
 visions were furnished to our voyagers, during their 
 stay in the harbour, by the joint exertions of all the 
 people of the village. A Kamtschadale sledge, two 
 royal eagles, and a great number of sable-skins, were 
 among the presents which the generosity of Mr Kas- 
 loft* would oblige the French commanders to accept. 
 The narrative of Cook's //jZ/v/ voyage^ was almost 
 the only thing of value, which his grateful guests; 
 could prevail with him to accept in return for so 
 many favours. The unfortunate Ivaschkin, men- 
 tioned by Cook with respectful compassion for 
 for distresses, was still a resident in Kamtschat- 
 ka. When a youth under the age of twenty, 
 he happened to utter, in the imprudent gaiety 
 of a convivial party flushed with liquor, some 
 expressions disrespectful to Elizabeth the then 
 reigning empress of Russia. For this trivial indis- 
 cretion, all his subsequent life was to be consigned 
 to ignominy and wretchedne is. He wa» the son of 
 a noble family, an oliicer in the guards, very hand- 
 some in his face and person. His nostrils were slit 5 
 the severe corporal punishment of the knout was in- 
 flicted upon him j and he was banished for life, to 
 the distant extremities of Kamtschaika. After 
 more than fifty years of e\ilc, he obtained, not many 
 
 W<\ 
 
 ^,,i.M' 
 
r 
 
 500 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S voyage 
 
 t 'i 
 
 years since, a pardon from the Empress Catherine. 
 JBut it came too late. He chose rather to conti- 
 nue In the snowy desarts in which he had pined out 
 all his better years, than to return to a scene where 
 he should no longer find a friend, and which would 
 renew the painful remembrance of his youthful in- 
 discretion, and of the unjust corporal suffering and 
 disgrace with which it had been punished. He had 
 been educated at Paris j and still knew as much 
 French, as made him not incapable of conversation 
 with the French gentlemen. Yet, shame for the 
 ignominy to which he had been unjustly subjected, 
 made him, for some days after his arrival with Mr 
 Kasloff, to hide himself from their presence. Mr 
 Kasloff, who treated him with a kindness that was 
 highly adapted to soothe his mind under its sorrows, 
 prevailed with him, at last, to shew himself to the 
 French. The obliging attentions of M. de la Pey- 
 rouse, rendered him fond of their society. He re- 
 ceived, with the warmest gratitude, those presents 
 which they eagerly bestowed, to soften, as much as 
 possible, the hardships of his condition. He point- 
 ed out to them the grave of M. he la Croyere, a 
 Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, who, 
 on his return from a Russian expedition to explore 
 the coast of America, in which he had engaged as 
 astronomer and geographer, died here, in the year 
 1741. They placed over the grave of their fellow- 
 countryman, an inscription on copper, commemorat- 
 ing his character and his death. Over the grave of 
 the English navigator, Clarke, they likewise erect- 
 ed a similar inscription on a pLtte of copper ^ as that 
 
XOOND THE WORLD. 
 
 20i 
 
 with vvliich he had been honoured by his fellow- 
 voyagers, was only inscribed with a pencil upon a 
 piece of wood. Mr Kasloft" promised to erect, with- 
 out dehy, a monument less perishable, «nd which 
 should be more worthy of two luch illustrious men, 
 M. de la Croycre had m^irricd at robolsk , and his 
 positerity still reside there, in a lituation of comfort 
 and respect. 
 
 Mr Kasloff was familiarly acquainted with all the 
 particulars of the voyages of Behhing, and Tchiri- 
 Kow. These formed the subjects of frequent con- 
 versation between him and his French guests. He 
 thence took occasion to inform them, that he had 
 left Mr Billings at Okhotsk, builJing two vessels 
 for the farther prosecution of the Russian discove- 
 ries in the northern seas. But there were difRcul- 
 ties to be surmounted, which would still too long 
 retard" the expedition of Billings. Mr Kasloff was 
 of opinion, that it might have been better for the 
 Russian government, to have sent him out from 
 some port of the Baltic. 
 
 Our navigatois were permitted to take a plan of 
 the bay of Avatscha. They presented to Mr Kas- 
 loff, an elegantly finished drawing of it. A draw- 
 ing of the OsTROG, and a box of acids for the ana- 
 lysis of mineral waters, were, also, among their pre- 
 sents to him. He was not unskilled in the scicices 
 of chemistry and mineralogy. But his first atten- 
 tions were given to the improvement of those arts, 
 which were to furnish to the people of his govern- 
 ment, the immediate necessaries of subsistence. The 
 st-ul promises to produce, if not wheat, at least a« 
 
 •1 
 
 *K,.,<^''' 
 
402 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 ,: 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 f.T !• 
 
 I 
 
 bundant crops of rye and barley. Potstoef;, but a 
 few years since introduced from Irkoutsk, were 
 seen to thrive surprizinc^ly in several fields. Mr 
 Kasloff hr'd determined to adopt mild, yet vigorous 
 means, for obliging all the inhabitants of this terri- 
 tory, Russ-ans, Cossaks, and Kamtschadales, to turn 
 thfir attention to agriculture. A new, mixed race 
 is ailsing from the frequent Intermarriages of Rus- 
 sians with Kamtschadales. These are likely to 
 prove more laborious tlian the Russians, less un- 
 couth In form than the Kamtschadales. rhe small- 
 pox, in the year I76g, s^vept away taree-fourths of 
 the lattck^ j reducing their number to fewer than 
 four thousand. The new people, who are spring- 
 ing up, are likely to prove more susceptible of civi- 
 lization tlinn their ancestors. Already, have they 
 be^un to aljandon their '.ubterraneous j'(9«/*/j-, and to 
 build for theinsrlvts ishas, or wooden houses, in the 
 manner of rhe Russians. These i\lfas resemble the 
 cottages of the peasants In the middle and the south 
 of Euiopc J are warmed to an excessive heat, by a 
 brick-slove j and are divided into three small rooms. 
 Those who do not yet possess isl^as, spend the win- 
 ter in ba/t^an?^ which stand like pigcon-houscs, on 
 the top of posts, twelve c thirteen feet high j arc 
 covered with thatching j and are entered by ladders 
 iivhich aflfjrd no very secure footing, The Famt- 
 ichudule wjmen already dress almost en 
 
 rly 
 
 the manner of the Russians. Tlie Russian language 
 prevails in all tlie Odrugx, The Russian govern- 
 ment, nlthougli despotic, is here administered with 
 the greatest mildness. The taxes which they levy 
 
 ■ 
 • I, 
 
 p- 
 
 • t 
 
 A 
 
•, arc 
 
 uldcrs 
 
 amt- 
 
 fly in 
 
 livcrn* 
 witli 
 levy 
 
 ROUND THE -^VORLD. 
 
 203 
 
 M'^- . ' 
 
 on the Kamtschndales, are so light, that the produce 
 of even half a day's hunting, is sufficient to defray 
 the t«x for a whole year. The quantity of specie 
 in circulation among these people, is, in proportion 
 to their numbers, far from inconsiderable Their 
 furs bring a very high price. An otter-skin is worth 
 thirty roubles at the village of bt Peter and St 
 Paul; skins of black-foxes, being extemely rare, 
 are sold f jr more than an hundred and twenty r u- 
 bles, each. Tiie skins of the whie and the ,^rey 
 fox, vary fiom two to twenty roubles. To open a 
 tr.itnc for these skins, the linjjish, in the year ; ;86, 
 seiit a small vessel to K.nntsclKitka, the property of 
 a commercial hou e in Ben;^al and commanued l>y 
 a captain Peter. Mr Kaloff p. rniined the I'.nglish 
 to solicit permiss on for this Cvjnmiercial iuteicouise, 
 in a memorial wliich he transmitted foi t em to the 
 Court of Pet( rsbiirih. But the very v« sscl which 
 brought the proposals, was afterwards vvccked on 
 
 Co 
 
 pper IS 
 
 land 
 
 an 
 
 d the desi' II has not b.eii 
 
 pro 
 
 &€■ 
 
 cuted farther. 
 
 As to climate and productions, Kamtsch.itka may 
 be compared to the const of LnO adur, adjacent to 
 the streiiL;hts or' licllc i\li\ llic Kamlxclunlalcs ".p- 
 p'ared to M. dc la Peyrou«^e, to be \\\t same race 
 of people with the InhaI)itant^ at t'e lin/'c f/c CiKtrn's, 
 Ifj pcisnnal form, l!ic resemblar.ee is couiideraolc : 
 in mildness and p'ol/ity, there is a perfict a;/rcc« 
 iient between llw two hordes, The bay of AvaU 
 «cha i'. perliap- the fiu'st in ihc A'orld. lis entrance 
 )■. narrow J its bottom is mudvly, and nfl'iids excellent 
 auchurin^-j^rouiid. Ou the cailcrn and on the wes« 
 
 hil 
 
 *»rl 
 
204 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's V07AGK 
 
 tern side, it has two vast harbours, in which all the 
 ships of both the French and the British Navy might 
 find shelter. The rivers of Avatscha and Para- 
 tounlva enter the bay, but are bar/cd up with sand- 
 banks, which render them accessible only when the 
 tide is :it high water. On a tongue of land curious- 
 ly interjected, stands the vilhge of 3t Peicr and St 
 P ul. Behind the vlllnge, is a small port, in which 
 three or four vessels may very conveniently be at 
 anchor for the winter. This bason is, at its entrance, 
 but twenty five toises wide. On its shore Mr Kas- 
 loff intends to mark out the foundations of a rt": 
 ciry, whicii may, one day, become the capital of 
 K im'scliatkrt, and the centre of a great traie with 
 China, [apan, America, and the Philippine isles. A 
 numher of small streams, and a sm \11 lake of fresli 
 water, •an': near, to supply the new town Avith this 
 article of primary necessity. Already has Mr Ka- 
 lolT issued orders which promise to unite the othci 
 Kamtschadale osfoi^r with that at St Peter and St 
 Pauh The Knmfsthadalcs lia\e oeen conver*"d, 
 wiiuout violence <ir persecution, to the Greek re- 
 ligion. The present vicar of I'aratounka is the son 
 of a KmT»tschndale father by n R•.'6^iun woman. His 
 maunt r of praving and tttch'ng has in it an expres- 
 sion of fteling which pr«'ves ve-ry engaging to his pa- 
 lishidners. Mis wife, d^ught r, and sister, were the 
 
 best dancers amottg the women. 
 
 11 
 
 c cojiiousiy 
 
 sprinkled the Fiench gtnlK'mcn with holy water, 
 nnd nude them kiss the cross which w.is carried l)v 
 his clerk. His usual residence ii ■' Paratounka. 
 As he hud come to bt Pctci and oi Paul, onlv I'ui* 
 
«.OOND TH^ WORLD, 
 
 a»5 
 
 A the 
 
 night 
 
 Para- 
 
 sand- 
 
 ;n ihc 
 
 rlous- 
 
 md St 
 
 which 
 be at 
 
 trance, 
 
 Ir Kas- 
 
 a r*".' 
 
 pital of 
 
 X with 
 
 Ics. A 
 
 >f fresh 
 
 ith this 
 
 Ir K.r. 
 
 olhci 
 
 '.jnJ bl 
 
 l\vcv*"ti, 
 cck ve- 
 il; e son 
 n. Hi-, 
 cxnrcn* 
 his pa. 
 •ere the 
 Tjiiouj-ly 
 water, 
 ricd hv 
 
 litOUUlv'l' 
 
 the purpose of visltintr our voy.^gers •, tils residence^ 
 there, was in a tent j and his altar was in the open 
 air. lie is vicar aUo of tlie Kuiulls isles, whi<;h he 
 is wont to visit annually. The Russians number 
 twenty one of these isles ; and, rejecting their an- 
 cient names, distinguish them as No. ». No. 2 &.c. 
 From the report ')f the vicar, the Frcnrh navltra- 
 tors understood the isle of AlarecluiK to be No. 21. 
 of the Russians. Ot" the twenty one bf the Kuriles 
 isles which belonjr to the Russians, only four arc, 
 according to the account of the vicar of Paratounka, 
 inliawltcd. 'I'hciic are Nos i. 2. 13. 14. Ncs 13. 
 rtnd I4. liave, both, the same Inhabllants— who pass 
 the suinmer montii< on No. 13. the ^v^ntcr months 
 on No. 14. The others are only vMtcd occasion- 
 ally, for the sike of hunting llic otters and foxes, 
 which arc their ordinary occupants. 'I he currents 
 run very tliong between tlRv.c ivks, especially at 
 th« tntranoes into the UiiVcrcnt ch.r.uicls. A. canoe, 
 or. as ilie Russians name it— /'/■/;"/;/•, is the only ves- 
 srl ill '.vhich the vicar of Paratounki is nccistomed 
 to pciform liis annutl voyages. He believes, that 
 he mudt, several tinus, Innc perished, had it not 
 been for the miraculous viiiur of his tavsocL' and lii* 
 h<j/y u<<7!cr. The four inhabited isles do not con- 
 tain, I'i nil, above fourteen hundred persons. The 
 b •' i f those isUnders arc hairy. They preserve 
 If ds long, and live wholly upon the produce 
 
 t.'^ 
 
 of thtir rkjhing and hunting. Thry arc humniie, 
 hospitnhlc, and docile. For tiicsc last ten years, 
 they heve be unable, in consequence of the grc»»t 
 uiniii luion of ihc uuaijcrs of vluir uUers, to pay ihc 
 
 il 
 
 
I 
 
 to6 
 
 LA I' LY rouse's VOYAGE 
 
 ivonted tribute to the Russian government. 
 
 'Ill 
 
 southern and independent inlialjitants of the Kuriles, 
 sometimes bring a few of the commodities of Japan 
 to be c.\chan<ied for peltries, with the people of the 
 isles subject to Russia, 
 
 Lffore he should leave Kamtschatka, M, dc la 
 Peyrouse resolved to dispatch I\'l. de Lesscps, 
 through the Russian dominion';, to France, with the 
 journals of tliue parts of his voya,T;es, which he 
 liad already accomplislied. I'he rapid approach 
 of ^\ inter warned our voyagers to take their depar- 
 ture from Avatsclia. On the 29th of September, 
 ihey were rt;idy to sail out of that harbour. I\lr 
 KaskiV 1 r;ourc'd them with a farewell visit ', and 
 jor the hiif ■ dined on board. J\I. de i.esH'ps, 
 
 Avhose society ..jey could nut foiecro without rc;^rct, 
 jemaincd v\ith r>Ir Kasloff, to cairy tlje dispatches 
 jiomc to France. A mutual discharge of cannon from 
 the frigate, and from the batteries, was among the 
 
 .•as 
 
 t formalities of the adieus between tlic French 
 navigators ar.d thtir kind Russian hosts. 
 
 '1 he following are the only other lacts concerning 
 Kaiiitiichatka, \shich ]\1. de la l'*.yrouse has thought 
 ill to insert in the nuriallvc of his voyage. I iils 
 peninsula v."as hrst discovered i^y the Russians, in 
 the latter part 01 the seventeenth century. 'I'iieir 
 jast expedition against tiie independence (if its inha- 
 bitants, took place 1.1 the year 1696. in the ye.u- 
 171 I, the Kamtsch 'dales, for the l\m tlnu-, agited 
 to own the Rusiian dominion, nnd to pny a slender 
 tiibute of lluw-e hundred .skins of sables, \\\o bund- 
 led ikluu vi red or ^re; 1l\cs, wv.h u L\\ olUr- 
 
 iiii 
 
TvOnNI) THE WORLD. 
 
 *i 
 
 ^ 
 
 I Ills 
 M-i, ill 
 I'licir 
 
 > liuiitl- 
 
 sh 
 
 SKms. 
 
 A milltqrv force of about four liundred sol- 
 
 (hcis, v.iin ;i sui 
 
 itable 
 
 proportion o 
 
 f olK. 
 
 ers, IS pcr- 
 
 minentlv nnintniu'ecl in this coun'ry. to support th<2 
 nuthority of the Russian ^nn'crnment, and to collect 
 
 tlic revenue 
 
 Ihe fcn'ni of the rovcrnmcnt of tlii' 
 
 p.-oviiicc lias t)een several times cUangc 
 
 1 tl 
 
 111 the 
 
 ■cur 17' 
 
 Kimtschntk.i was reduced into the con- 
 
 dition ol .1 province depcnacnt on the i^overuniont 
 of O'lN^hots';: And Okhotsk if-eif is subject to the: 
 jurisdiction of the supreme civil courts of Irkoutsk, 
 
 The Ou'rogy or Kam'.schadale villa;;eof Bolcherkt'K, 
 w; s once the capital of K untschatiia, and the resi- 
 dence of a superior millcary oflicei'. A seijcant, ot' 
 the name of Mt;r/i fif, 1ms n<nv the principal com- 
 und at li )lchcrt't>k : At the Os//- p-, or villa-'c of 
 
 m 
 
 iSr TETtK AND St Paul, Liutcnant Kahurfif is thii 
 commaiulint : iVl.ijor /.w/i'v/oj^'comm nid'j at XijiNiit- 
 Ka'itsciivvka, or the Ustrsfo^ lower Kamtschatki : 
 
 KRKNir, or uu 
 
 net Kamf-chutlia, is under the com- 
 niand of s-. rjeant MumnyrJl', These several com- 
 miiideis ivc independent of one another, and imme- 
 diately rcsponsibh; t) the j;oveMior of Okhotsk, 
 
 alone, 
 
 r 
 
 Kre rt sides al.o in this country, an 
 
 dlicei 
 
 nho I'.as the title of In^l^ctuv of tho l\imt:,cha(ia/cs'^ 
 and whose du\v i^, t^) protf;ct these natives from tiic 
 (oppression of the military nifo/ernnient-. His rank 
 is that of .1/../ r in the army, Trom K.M-ntschatka, 
 the Rus^ians hive undertaken various adventures of 
 iT.ercantilw* navit;ation, and have fitted out diifercnt 
 
 if d 
 
 voyages ot discovery to o.pio'c the novtlicrn coasts 
 ofAm.iica, 1 he Al'uiian isles ; tht sc isles cist- 
 *vard from Kiirntschi'tl'^ 1, wh;e!i arc known by t!ir 
 
 R 2 
 
k- 
 
 •;;c8 
 
 LA PJiYROUS£''S VOYAGE 
 
 ; I 
 
 h 
 
 \ 
 
 m1; ' 
 
 I, 
 
 name of Oonala>hica ; and all the ndj ::•":.'; ivie'? 
 lying southward from this peninsula ", were, first, 
 discovered by Russiarj navigators sailing from Kimt- 
 ftchatka. Okhotsk is the seat of the mercantile spirit 
 and capital, by winch navig-tion for the fur-trade 
 \i carried on in tliesc seas. The vessels usually 
 employed in this navigation, are from five and forty 
 to fifty ft'tt in leut^th, have but a single mast, are 
 ir.anncd by crews of forty or fifty men, each, all of 
 whom are at least not less expert as hunters than as 
 seamen. They depart from Okliotsk in tlie month 
 of June, pass usually between the point of Lopatka 
 :ind No. 1. of the Kurilcu, steer eastward, and con- 
 tinue to ronm about from island to island, till they 
 have bought or procured, by their own hunting, a 
 luimber of skins of otters and other animals, sulU- 
 cicnt to defray the whole expcnce of the adventure, 
 and to afford to the merchants proprietors, a profit 
 of cent, per cent, upon that expence. The captains 
 of these trading vessels, receive orders from the go. 
 vernor of Oivhotsk, to oblige the natives, in all the 
 isles which they vi>it, to own the dominion of the 
 Russian ]"Lmneror. A revcnueofKccr frequently 
 nccompanies these trading expeditions, to collect 
 whatever tribute the islanders can be persuaddl to 
 pay. It was proposed to send a missionary, by whose 
 endeavours all the unconverted islanders might be 
 brought to embrace tlic Chrislhin filth. Jn tkc 
 ports in width they xvinter, the trading huntevs nr- 
 cessarily found temporary c lablishments. Jlut, 
 Russia Ins not yet fixed any permanent settlement 
 j;usiWiud from KanUschatka.-— Kiaiciia, onihcror- 
 
RO'JNI) THE WORLD. 
 
 209 
 
 I 
 
 first, 
 
 splrit 
 trade 
 saally 
 forty 
 t, are 
 all of 
 Iran as 
 month 
 opatka 
 id con- 
 il they 
 ting, a 
 J, suUv- 
 cnture, 
 profit 
 aptains 
 the go. 
 all the 
 of the 
 iciuently 
 collect 
 uilcd to 
 whose 
 if;ht be 
 Irt tVia 
 tevs ne- 
 IJut, 
 tlcmont 
 die cvv- 
 
 fines between the Cliinese and the Russian domi- 
 nions. Is the STAPLE for the sale of tlie llusslan furs 
 
 to the Chinese. 
 
 Fa 
 
 rs, 
 
 to th 
 
 e amount of 730 
 
 ;ccl. 
 
 Sterling a-year, have, t'U lately, been bougiit ani 
 sold at that market. — In the year J7S7, no fewer 
 tlian five and twci.ty vessels, manned uith crc^vs of 
 wlilch the whole number might amount to one tliou- 
 sand men, Kamtschadalcs, Russians, and Cossaks,— 
 sailed eastward in quest of furs ; to find whicii, they 
 would disperse themselves alonj; the American coast, 
 from Cook's river to Ikhrlng's island. On their 
 return, these trcidiny; vessels sometimes enter the 
 
 /av o 
 
 f A 
 
 v;ttscha, an 
 
 d th 
 
 ift 
 
 en. niter some 
 
 ceed to Okhotsl 
 
 Th 
 
 c navigation o 
 
 del 
 
 f the 
 
 ci y . 
 
 I 
 
 )10- 
 
 I o 
 
 f 
 
 Okhotsk, later la the year than the end of the montli 
 of September, Is prohibited by a very laudnble, 
 
 tof t1 
 
 le win 
 
 tcr-1 
 
 lurucmcs 
 
 i.npciKj decrtv", on accoun 
 by which It Ij infcste !. The bny oi Avatticli i i;; 
 Kcvcr shut uj) by ice, and al.vays jiiTords slicker for 
 ihlpplng.— In Kamt^c;halk^^, the winter is Ic-i se- 
 vere than at Pctcrsburi^h j yet ;;now and hoar-frost 
 come on, with f^;reat severity, in KanitN^chiitl^a, :\i 
 early r.s the 20th day of Scptcinb«'r. Against tlio 
 cold, the Russian and Kanilschad.ile inhabit.Tnt '. ci" 
 t!'.e country, ate protected by tlie thi( k skina whlcli 
 form tiieir cLrl.lr.i;, and by the heat of lluir Ijablla- 
 tion<«, which aic warm'.d by iiloves to the temper.i* 
 
 ture ot 23 , or even iO aocivc 
 
 the f 
 
 rec'/.iU'i ;i'-int 
 
 tt 1 
 
 1'he degrfo of litat which Is constantly hepi up i.i 
 these dwillir;^?, was in'Jccd f^'Mli, thnl the I'lci.cli 
 
 ivi^ators co'.ild not ciJuir \[. wjtliout 
 
 Kt 
 
 
 « ,.' 
 
 
 u y 
 
 i\ 
 
 ^■•;f1 
 
Ill 
 
 210 
 
 LA PEYROaSE's VOYAGE 
 
 II I 
 
 ;ms ■; 
 
 i 
 
 I ; ii 
 
 immediate suffocation. — The use of the hot bath is 
 familiar to the people, in this region. In the vil- 
 lage of St Peter and St Paul, were two public baths. 
 The bath consists of a very low room, in the mid- 
 dle of which is an oven, constructed without cement, 
 and heated in the same manner as a baker's oven. 
 Its roof is arched. It is surrounded by rows of seats 
 for the bathers, disposed like those in an amphithe- 
 atre. Water, warmed by the fire to a boilincr heat, 
 is continually, during the bathing, cast against the 
 voof, and is thus incessantly converted into steam j 
 an which state, it excites the most profuse perspira- 
 tion in the bathers on the seats, who are exposed to 
 Its action. Preferring dogs to rein-deer, for the use 
 of drawing their sledges ; the Kamtschadales arc 
 ;lius hindered from breeding hogs, sheep, rein-deev, 
 horses, or oxen ; all which animals their dogs would 
 devour, while they are young. Their draught-dogs 
 iirc fed chiefly with fish, and receive their meals- 
 Only at tlic end of the day's journey. By enquiring 
 from Mr Kasloff, the French voyagers learned, tha'' 
 the Russians had indeed seen the north end of the 
 island of Tckoka^ from the mouth of the river Amur, 
 but knew nothing more concerning it. The En- 
 j^lish chart of the bay of Avatscha, is good. BiiJ: 
 iwo banks, situate E. and W. from the entrance in- 
 to this harbour, may occasion some danger j and 
 these are to be avoided — only by keeping two in- 
 sulated rocks on the E. coast, c/trn unth the light- 
 house fi'jtnf^ and by shutting in with the west coast, c 
 large T'jck 0*1 the larboard hnnd. M. Pagclct's ob- 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 211 
 
 ce in- 
 and 
 
 o in- 
 
 light- 
 asty c 
 ,\ ob- 
 
 servations fix the house of lieutenant Kaborof In 
 53° i' N. Lat. in 156° 30' E. Long. The tides 
 are very regular. It is high water, in the bay, at 
 half past 3 o'clock, P. M, The rise, at y?/// and 
 rban^e^ is four feet. 
 
 C H A P. 
 
ai2 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 CHAPTER K L E V E N T H. 
 
 i' 
 
 NARRATIVF, OF THE VOYAGE CONTINUED, FROM THE EN3 
 OF SEPTEMBER TO THE 14. OF DECEMBER I787. COURSK 
 FROM THE BAY OF AVATSCHA, SOUTHWARD, TO THiT NA- 
 VIGATORS* ISLES : ANCHORAGE AT THE ISLE OF MAOUNA : 
 MANNERS OF ITS INHABITANTS : MASSACRE OF M. Di: 
 LANGLE, WITH ELEVEN PERSONS OF THE TWO CREWS : 
 ISLES OF OYOLAVA AND POLA : INTERCOURSE WITH THEIR 
 INHABITANTS : COCOA AND TRAITOR ISLES, &C. 
 
 The north wind, shift ing to west, as our voyagers 
 were making their way out of the bay of Avatscha, 
 rendered it impossible for them to survey, as they 
 had intended, the Kurile isles, as far as Marcckan. 
 They therefore took a couise in their progress, ia 
 which they might cross the parallel of 37" izJ N. 
 Lat. in the Longitude of 16)" j a situation In wlilch 
 geographers have placed a hirge, rich, and populous 
 isle, which the Spaniards arc said to have discover- 
 ed in the year 1620. At midnight, between the 
 14th and i5tl> of October, they reacheil the latitude 
 of 37" 20'. Flights of ducks, fowls which never lly 
 far from land, 'i'lie weather was clear. 'Kvery de- 
 gree of vigilance was employed, yet no land w to 
 be seen. The island wliich was sought, probably lies 
 farther southward. In their progress eastward from 
 its pretended position, the Frencli navigators observ- 
 ed two small birds j and, in the same evening, a tur- 
 tle pasbcd beildc tViC J.hlp. On the day following, n 
 
 -■.V 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 213 
 
 bird, smaller than an European wren, perched on the 
 maintop-sail yard-arm j and another flight of ducks 
 passed by. Yet, no island was, in these latitudes, 
 discovered. Perhaps M. de ix Peyrouse might 
 have been more successful. If he had chosen rather 
 to run down the parallel of latitude 3^)^ 30'. A 
 seaman unfortunately fell overboard from the As- 
 trolabe, and was lost, during this search. On the 
 iSth and 19th, signs of the near vicinity of land still 
 continued to be observed. But when they reached 
 17 S° of ■£• Long, all such signs disappeared. 
 
 On the 22d, at noon, M. de ia Peyrouse, aban- 
 doning this search, directed the f;jgates to assume a 
 southerly course. The billows swelled so high, and 
 rolled with so much violence j that, at one time, in 
 the course of this day, the jolly-boat^ though lashed 
 to the gangway ^ was washed off, and more than twen- 
 ty tons of water were thrown on board. Frequent 
 signs of the vicinity of land — but nothing more- 
 were seen, The French navigators were now, 
 therefore, to look for their next discoveries in t'^t 
 vast field, of from 12" to 13" from north to south, 
 and of 140° from east to west j where the ancient 
 tracks of Quiros, Mendana, Tasman, &c. are, in c- 
 vcry direction, crossed by those of modern naviga- 
 tors j and where isles are scattered in the ocean, 
 just as stars in the milky-way of heaven. On the 
 23d of October, there blew from the southward a 
 ■tiong g;<le, by which the frigates were not a little 
 disturbed in their course. Until they reached the 
 30th parallel of latitude, on the 29th of October, the 
 ", inds were extremely inconstant, and the sea way 
 
,14 
 
 LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE 
 
 
 'Mi; 
 
 tBfllft'il 
 
 
 :*l 
 
 I 
 
 !, 
 
 Hi 
 
 alwnys very mucli agitated. A passa,g;e eo sud'en, 
 from il-;e extreme of heat to that of cold, did not 
 fail to rlTcct, rather unfavourably, the health of most 
 of tlie persons on board both tlie frigates. But the 
 rl^orders thus occasioned, Avere slight, and \vere not 
 followed bv any ':erioos ill copscnucnce':. On tie 
 jst of N'ovf>n'!!K-r lliey found their.^clves in ■2()^ 2*7'' 
 N. Lai. in 173" 3S' ]L. Lo;ij;. Carlieus. plovers, 
 nnd other birds which arc not wont to venture, in 
 their flights, to any great distance from l.ind, were 
 seen hovering, in great number*, voiir.d them. The 
 weather was dlstingiiished by a fogginess of tlie at- 
 n:osphcrc, and by frequent and violent blasts of 
 wind. Yet, the horizon clearing up in all quarter-, 
 except towards the bOiith j the probability c^f the 
 existence of land in tlint qM:;tLer, wa'^, hence, natu- 
 rally suggested Perhaps, they might p^s some flit 
 rock that escaped ihcir observation, and w-hich fu- 
 ture navigators ni'iy at lenr^th detect. The Indica- 
 tions of land ceased, an our va\ a^^e is continued thtlr 
 proj;ress. The i-ky became at lcn;;th so serene, th.it 
 
 on. 
 
 they could find the lon;.-ita.Ie, bv lunar observati 
 Several c'oradoes, and two sh.uks, which they no-* 
 cauoht, formetl a veiy ajntei'.le leualc rnnitist tl 
 
 le 
 
 salted dishes, to tlie use of which, under a burnin-j- 
 sun, they found it not at all plf:asar)t to be confined. 
 
 At U:ni;^th, they reached the lrv>pic. Fairer skie:^ 
 and a wider horizon now gratified their view. Birds, 
 
 h as never wander far fr in land, ^^•erc every 
 
 sue 
 
 day seen 
 
 by th 
 
 em J yet s 
 
 till 
 
 nou 
 
 iht but the w.i- 
 
 ters expanded around. On the 4'h of November, 
 in 2f 40' N. Lat. in 173'^ 38' 47" W. Lon-itude, 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 21 
 
 id not 
 
 f most 
 
 at the 
 
 re not: 
 
 3n t],e 
 
 »6^ 27' 
 
 lovers, 
 
 are, in 
 
 , were 
 
 . The 
 
 th-e at- 
 
 asts of 
 
 .lartcr ■, 
 (if the, 
 
 ?, nata- 
 
 ^me fl It 
 
 tiich fu.- 
 incHca- 
 
 ed thtir 
 
 ne, that 
 
 i' vat ion. 
 
 lev n ')■'".' 
 id St the 
 burnin;/ 
 onfr.'c;]. 
 icr skies 
 Birds, 
 c every 
 the \v i- 
 vembcr, 
 n-itude, 
 
 the^' ^ught a golden plover, which was so fat, that 
 it ^>.«id not have been long distant from land. On 
 the 5th they crossed their own track from Monterey, 
 On the 6th they crossed the track, of Captain Clarke 
 from the Sandwich isles to Kamt^chatka. The 
 billows swelling hii;h, made their progress suffi- 
 ciently diflicult. A few Hying fishes were the only 
 creatures of the fish-genus, which came in their 
 w,iy. On the 9th, they passed the southern point 
 oftlie SHOAL or Jlat of Villa Lobos, according to the 
 poisitiou assigned to it in the charts of M. de Fleu- 
 rieu. But, appearances led M. de la Peyrouse to 
 ))elicve, that, if SL-.ch a shoal exist, its situation must 
 be farther westward. Ihe sea became gradually 
 ; ivioothcr, and the winds less violent. From the 
 lime lit which the frigates reached the 10^ of N. 
 Latitude, it rained almost incesscntly during the 
 clay. "J'lie hyj,u-ometer had, at no time since their 
 departure from JLurope, indicated the presc ce of a 
 larger proportion of moisture, in the atmospliere, 
 iijc noxious ojipressiveness of the air, joined to the 
 bad ijuality of their provisions, were found to relax 
 tl)e strength and Impair the health of the ships' com- 
 janics. 'J'o obviate these evils as much as possible, 
 Al. de la Peytous:^ ordered coiTee to be daily served 
 out to the suilois, made Ins slilp to be drictl and 
 Ventilated bet veen the decks, and obliged tlie crews 
 to kc(.p their linens clean by using rain-water to wash 
 iheni. On the Otli of November, they caught eight 
 
 lioiictas 
 
 an 
 
 tl 
 
 a'.re'jablc ietrcs;iment to the whole c 
 
 oni- 
 
 11 oil 
 
 ic rs as common men, 
 
 p.uii. s o: the snips, as v,e 
 
 A'jout Luc ijlii, \vhtn our vowi^'ers had reached the 
 
 (» 
 
 BK 
 
\\\ 
 
 1' 
 
 :| rlj! 
 
 j ' 
 
 l|,l . Ill 
 
 'il* III 
 
 fli6 
 
 LA :eyrjuse's voyage 
 
 3° of N. Lat. the rains and storms ceased, and the 
 motion of the billows becsme less tempestuous. The 
 weather was now serene, till after the French naviga- 
 tors had passed the equator^ on the 2ist of Novtm- 
 ber. On the 23d they caught two sharks which 
 afforded two meals to the crt;ws, and shot a curlicu, 
 which was very lean, and ver) n^uch fatigurd. Nod- 
 dies, mar of-w:ir birds, terns, and tropic-bird.s> be- 
 gan to hover in increasing numbers around thcra, 
 while they advanced into thfj soutliern hemisphere. 
 In the 2" of southern l.ttltudc, the breeze by which 
 they had been for some limc impelled,, deserted 
 them J and only liglit airs from N. to VV. N. W. 
 succeeded. Afraid of being driven to the leewu'd 
 of the FKiiiNoiY IsLLS, our navigators avnllcd them- 
 selves of these airs to gain a /itf/e cauin'r, boinc 
 sharks and sea bin's were, in the mean time, taken, 
 and were used at table, as a very agreeable chan;.^; 
 of food, •iniid the long use of s,\U<;d piovIsionH. A 
 h.fivy \ca ictli^i^ in frcm tlic w.st, made their pro- 
 grrss, about iins time, rxtr^'mt, ly laborious. 1 licir 
 cordage, rotten by lon>v exposure, was const-intly 
 brtikiug. Blasts of wind, and heavy falls of rain, 
 cume eti to ificommode their progress, till the 2il 
 of December, at wiiich time they were in 10" 50' of 
 southern latitude. 'I'hc winds lien becft(nc gentler, 
 and the skies more «;crenc. I hey passed over the 
 position In wliirii iiyron has pL. cd those which he 
 culls the IsLts OF l>.iN'auR, without discovering 
 Hught but scii. Next d^iy, tliev found themselves i:\ 
 li" 34' .y,' S. I.at. in .70" 7' 1" W. I-ong. the ve- 
 ''y parallel in which (<!'iiu;i has pli'ccd his isla.no (>f 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 217 
 
 nd the 
 . The 
 laviga- 
 Jovtm- 
 whicli 
 :uiru-u, 
 . NocU 
 rds, be- 
 d thciti, 
 LispVieie. 
 (V w\iicli 
 deserted 
 
 . N.W. 
 
 ltd thenv 
 
 [T. Some 
 
 le, tiiWcn. 
 
 le chan^'/: 
 iou'^. A 
 heir pro- 
 s. I heir 
 :onst.inlly 
 s of rain, 
 ill the 2vl 
 
 we j^f ntlcr, 
 I over the 
 wl/ich he 
 iscoverinj; 
 mselvcs in 
 }t. the vc- 
 
 k 1SL.AM3 of 
 
 THE HandjOMe Na'^ion. But the wind was adverse 
 to their running down that parallel, for the purpo-c 
 11? descrying the island. Availing thcmselvf^s, 
 therefore, of the western breeze, which now blew, 
 they steered for the Navigators' Islfs, so named 
 by M. DE BoL'OArNViLLE. At three in the after- 
 noon of the 6th of December, ihey arrived within 
 si^ht of the most eastern t)f these i>les. Tlicy pas- 
 sed throuoh the cliannel between the great and the 
 Small isles which M. de lk)U)T:iinville left on the 
 southern side of his track. At noon, in mid-chan- 
 nel, and at a mile's distance from thr shore, they 
 found their latitude to be 14" 7' S. 
 
 'I'hey had seen dwcllini'/, on one side of the isle, 
 and a company of Indians seated in a circle, under 
 some cocoa-nut trees. Yet tlie Indians launched 
 no «:anoc.s, nor did t.:cy even follow the course of 
 t!ic frigates .ilong the shore. The i>land rises with 
 asj abrupt ascent, to the height of about l.'o hun- 
 dred fathoms f»1)ove tlie level of t!)e sea. 'I he hou- 
 ses ;tre vi'imto in llie p()'ili(Mi oi" al)OUl half way up 
 the ascent. Some small plantations, as was suppos- 
 ed, of vams, appeared near the h 
 
 ousc.'!. At length 
 
 Cwc canoes set <Jut from the shore, wnd ni^jiruachcd 
 tlie station of the slilps : eleven olhcrji came from .'i 
 difiVrent part of the i».le. Having paddUd several 
 tines nrouiul the shijis, with an air of distrust, tl»cy at! 
 I )«it oflcred to exchange n few Cocoa nuts for those ;ir- 
 ticifsof traflic which the French navigators present- 
 ed to them. I hrft and fraud were the most strik- 
 •ng features ill thcir conduct. After iccclving thr 
 price, as muny of tliem as could, strove to run oH, 
 
 S 
 
 
 \w\ 
 
 
i^t 
 
 2i? 
 
 XA feyrouse's voyage 
 
 I 
 
 <l 
 
 il^ 
 
 r 
 
 f'i 
 
 «l 
 
 I 
 
 without delivering the nrticle sold. As no bottom 
 could be found in the channel, even with a line of 
 an hundred fathoms, and at less than a mile's dis- 
 tance from the land j they renewed their course, in 
 order to douile a point, beyond which t.iey had 
 hopes of finding more safe and sheltered anchorage. 
 But, there, the eastwind raised a strong surf^ and the 
 coast was begirt with reefs of rocks. A dead c^ilm 
 of the winds, accompanied with a prodigious swell- 
 ing of the waves, threatened, for some moments, to 
 subject the two frigates to the danger of running 
 foul of one another. A few light airs happily aris-^ 
 ing, soon delivered tliem from this jeopardy. In 
 tiic mean time, an old chieftain appro.iching, addres- 
 sed them la a long harnngue, and held out in his 
 hand a branch of the kavn plant. The narratives 
 of former n,ivigators had taught them to interpret 
 this, as a .'.ignal of peace. They pronounced the 
 word, tayo^ \\\t\\vi\v\<^ friend ^ and threw to liim a few 
 jicces of cloth. '1 he winds at length enabled them 
 to leave the regioi of calms. 'J he islanders, in 
 their canoes, sailed alongside the frigates. Our 
 voyagers could remariv, that these canoes, being lia- 
 ble to be overset every half-hour, would be useless 
 to any but persons, who, like these islanders, arc 
 wont to swim almost as if water were thtir native 
 element. 'I'hc middle stature of tlicsc people ap- 
 peared to be about five feet seven inches. Their 
 colour is nearly similar to that of the natives of th»! 
 coast of Barbary. Only two women were observ- 
 ed among the crowd. Of these, neither was rc- 
 maikablc fur beauty or delicacy of features \ and 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 215 
 
 tfhe younger hid, on her leg, a shockinc; ulcer. Se- 
 veral of the men iiad lar^e ulcers, and an apporent- 
 ]y incipient leprosy upon their persons. None of 
 them exhibited a ^jleasing cast or countenance. Two 
 among these men had their legs, not only covered 
 with ulcers, but even swollen to the size of their 
 bodies. They approached without fear, although 
 unarmed. They went away ; and were supposed 
 to have gone, not to return. In the afternoon, 
 however, they again came out to tratilc. A fc^v 
 fowls, a hog, and a turtle-dove of singular beauty/ 
 were now obtained from tliem. Its body was white j 
 its head, of a beautiful purple colour j its wings, 
 green *, its breast, chequered, like the leaves of a- 
 nemony, with red and black spots. It was tame, 
 ;*nd would eat from the hand and mouth of any per- 
 .•on oft'ering to feed it. It could not be long pre- 
 served alive •, and aftT its d.'atli, its fcalhcrs quick- 
 ly lost all tlie splendid beauty of their colours. M. 
 de Langle purchased from the Indians, two dogs j 
 which, being killed and roasted for the table, prov- 
 ed excellent eating. It appeared remarkable, that, 
 though capable of workmanship so ingeuiou'; as that 
 which api)eared in the structure of tlicii < .» iocs j 
 these people; n jccted the hatchets and other instru- 
 ments of iron, which our voyagers oflcred in ex- 
 change for fresh provisions. Glass beads were pre* 
 forred by them to all the stuffs, and to every sort of 
 hard-ware whicli were offered. Among other things, 
 procured from them, was a wooden vessel, contuiniufj 
 cocoa-nut oil, shaped like our common earthen pot, 
 iind fashioned in a manner which no European work* 
 
 Sa 
 
 
 ?s« 
 
 . m^Kt 
 
 sM 
 
 ',^'*l\ 
 
 
 m 
 
210 
 
 LA VEYROlJSt's VOYAGE 
 
 l\~ 
 
 man could execute, otherwise than with a turning 
 lathe. '1 heir stuffs arc of a less ingenious texture, 
 than those of Jiaster Islnnd and the bandwich Isles. 
 Their ropes are round and twisted, like our wateh- 
 chains : their rn;its are indeed very fine. 
 
 As tliis isle aff rded little to their wants, the 
 French na^i^'ators soon continued their course west- 
 tvarj , and crossini^ a channel, wliich they f und to 
 be much broader than it is rcprtscntcd in the chaJC 
 of Bouf!;;iiavllle, approacheu the coast of tlie island 
 of AIaocna. While they were yet at the dl-^tance of 
 three leagues from Its shore, two or three carne a- 
 longside the filiates, with \\o^? and fruit, which 
 %verc eagerly exchanged for beads. Approaching 
 to within half a lea,';ue of the shore, they perceived 
 it to be surrounded with a reef of coral, on which 
 the seti broke with great violence. In the creeks, 
 formed by various projections of the coast, there 
 was room, as II seemed, for the reception of their 
 bar;^es and Ipnnj-bor.ts. At the bottom stood vil- 
 lages. A multitude of canoes, with hogs, cocoa- 
 nuts, and other fruits, soon canr "m^ ; and, for glass- 
 toys, furnished tlie frlj;ate8 with abundance of fresh 
 provisions. Water was seen to fall in cascades from 
 the summits of the mountains, ;iiul to pi«si by tlic 
 different villages into the channel. Allured by so 
 many idvantagc, the I'rcnch navigators bi»ui;h! 
 their vessels to aniljor, at the distance of a ndlc 
 from the shore, in thiity fatooms depth of water, o. 
 vcr a bank of rot>t-n shells, wiih a very little coral 
 In this situation, houever, tluy were protcc'cd oii 
 ly from the c.i')tcrly wind* ', but the > .adxteud s\a.s 
 
0m 
 
 HOUND THE WORLD. 
 
 321 
 
 in all other respects, so bad, that the frigates, to 
 the great anxiety of their masters, rolled as if they 
 had been in the open sea. 
 
 Next morning, the two commanders determined 
 to make the utmost haste m procuring what they 
 wanted from the isle, and to set sail in the afternoon. 
 By the dawn of day, the islanders came around the 
 frig.itcs, in no fewer than two hundred canoes laden 
 with fresh provisions. Axes, cloth, and every ar- 
 ticle of Iralhc, save beads, were still disdained by 
 ihem. One part of the crews were employed to 
 manage this tralKc, and to repress the forwardness 
 .vith wliich the islanders urged themselves upon the 
 .fhips , while the rest filled the boats with empty 
 casks, and prepared to go ashore for water. Messrs 
 de Clonard and Collnet, commanding the boats of 
 La Boussole,-— wi'h Messrs de Monll and liclle- 
 garde, conducting those of JLWstrolabe, — set out, 
 at five oVlock in the morning, for a bay which was 
 about a league distant from the station of the ships. 
 M. dc lix Pcyrouse, for purposes of observation and 
 en(iuiry, followed, almost Immediately, in his pinnace j 
 :ind M. dc Langlc, in hi,>? jolly-buat, made an excui- 
 ilon to anotlier bay about a league beyond the water- 
 ing place. The creek to which ihe long- boats repair- 
 ed for water, was huge and comniodloiir.j all the boats 
 leniuincd alloat, at low water, within n pistol- bhot 
 of the beach. The fresh water was easily procured, 
 and was cxc llcnt in its quality. A line of soldiers, 
 postei between the beach, and that crowd of natlvcH 
 "Ahich gathered round, were easily able to maintain 
 fj'ood order. The naMveo, mm, women, Hud tliild- 
 
 • 83 
 
 ♦* 'U 
 
223 
 
 LA PEVROUSe's V0YAC2 
 
 ren, suffered thems'jlves to be persuaded to sit down 
 under a grove ot cocoa trees, at a si-nall distance 
 from tlie boats. Pigeons, parrots, and other fowls, 
 hogs, and fruit, were eai;erly offered to sale. The 
 "Women, of wliom some we . handsome, made offer 
 of their favours to all who had bends to pay for 
 them. The women at last found liule dilllculty in 
 breaking through the line of the French soldiers, 
 ! Confusion was beginning to arise. r>ut, some of the 
 Islanders, who seemed to be Chiefs, happily interfere 
 .ing, restored order by an alert u'^e of their sticks. 
 One of the natives, who had snatched a mallet from 
 the stern of the boat, and had aimed with it several 
 blows At the back and arms of some of th** sailors, 
 was, by the command of M. de la Pey rouse, seiv:ed •, 
 and cast to svvim about in the sea. 'IMic natives in 
 jveneral, being taller and stouter built men than the 
 I'reuch, seemed to look upon their visitors with a 
 certain degree of contempt. To impress them with 
 .more respectful notions of tlie power that he was 
 yblc to exert against them, M. dc la Peyrouse pur- 
 clnscd three pigeons, made them to be thrown up 
 in the air, and shewed the miiUitude, how easily 
 ihry could be brought to the grounJ by the unseen 
 impuUe of a bullet shot from a pistol or a musket. 
 
 While the casks were filled with water, M. de la 
 I'cyruusc proceeded to visit a charming village, at 
 the distance of about two hundred yards from the 
 bc.'ch. It stood in the midst of a spacious grove ot 
 frulr-trccs. The houses of the village were arrang- 
 ed in r^ c-rcle n'hich might be an hundred and fifty 
 toiscs in iiauKtcr, Tlic area which they inclosed^ 
 was ciir^jclcd '.villi a rich verdure, p.«d '.haded ly 
 
ROUND THE WORL.D. 
 
 223 
 
 trees. Women, children, and old men, gathered 
 round the illustrious stranger, and invited him to 
 enter the houses. Pie entered one which appeared 
 as If it were the dwelling-house of some chief. Mats 
 of extraordinary fineness and freshness, were spread 
 on the tloor : The rioor itself was composed of small 
 pebbles, and raised about two feet above the com- 
 mon level of the ground. Among other articles of 
 furniture, M. de la Pey rouse remarked, with sur- 
 prize, a cabinet of lattice- work, such as could not 
 have been more elegantly executed at Paris. The 
 building terminated In an ellipsis, the curve of which 
 could not have been more handsomely fashioned 
 under the directions of any European architect. A 
 row of pllhrs, at eciual distances of fi\ ^ feet from 
 one another, formed a cojjiplete colonnade round 
 the whole. The pillars were formed of the truitkr 
 of trees, handsomely wrought: And between ihcni 
 hung mats, the cords of which were adapted to m'nc 
 them up and down, at pleasure. The roof of the 
 house wau covered with leaves of the cocoa-paim- 
 tree. 
 
 The soil of this isle is fertile without culture ; 
 nnJ the climate such as to render clothing little ne- 
 cessary. '1 he bread fi uit, the cocoa-nut, the banana, 
 the guava, and the orange tree, grow here spontane- 
 ously, and in the greatest abundance. Dogs, hogs, and 
 fowls, fed upon the supcttluous plenty of these fruits, 
 jiHurd a sullu lent variety of rich and delicate animal- 
 food. Tlie wants of these people arc consequently 
 few. Iron, and instruments of direct utility, they, 
 thiifcfoic, disdained ; und accepted oiil/ beads, ob- 
 
a24 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's VOYAGft 
 
 , ill 4 
 
 jects of fanciful decoration. More than two huncf- 
 Jred wood-pigeons, with a number of beautiful par- 
 roquets and turtle-doves, were among the animals 
 obtained from them. These fowls were all tame, 
 land shewed these islanders to have made a greatei- 
 progress than the inhabitants of the Sandwich Isles, 
 in the domestication of the winged part of the crea- 
 tion. Had it not been for the ferocious expression 
 in their countenances, and the scars on their bodies ) 
 it would have been natural to conclude, that a peo- 
 ple, seated amidst external circumstances so propi- 
 tious, must live in perfect Innocence, felicity, and 
 beneficence. 
 
 During this visit, some trivial quarrels arose a- 
 mong individuals of the French and individuals from 
 among the islanders : but, no general disagreement 
 took place. An inlander had attempted to snatch 
 away the sabre of M. de Monneron j but, having 
 pulled oft', unwittingly, the scabbard, ran away, 
 affrighted, at sight of the naked blade. Others 
 threw stones at M. Rollin, the surg-son major to the 
 expedition. A general turbulencf .ospitality of 
 spirit, and insubordination to their chiefs, were 
 plainly seen to be very distlnguishii ^ features in tl;e 
 character of tliese people. But, the prudence and 
 patience of the Fiench avoided all extremities. A* 
 bout noon, the Frenchmen left the isle, and returned 
 in their boats, on board the frigates. These were 
 turrounded with canoes. Seven or eight of the 
 islanders were on the (luartci-deck of La Boussole. 
 And these people were behaving here with a bold- 
 Acss, a rudeness, and a turbulence, exceedingly 
 
 V')i 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 22; 
 
 troublesome. One of tlie men on the quarter-deck, 
 was pointed out as a chief. His authority had contri- 
 buted already somewhat. 3 restrain the petulance of 
 the rest, iiome presents were (ffercd to him j and 
 the power of the French fire- arms was exhibited be- 
 fore him, but without exciting his admiration, or 
 impressing him with awe. 
 
 Orders were now given for the fngatcs to ivci^h 
 anchor and get under ioil. But, M. de Langle, ha- 
 ving been greatly charmed with the scene at which 
 he had landed j desired, with great earnestness, that 
 the frigates should stand off and on at a league's dis- 
 tance from the shore, till he might, with a party, 
 revisit th-^t bay, and procure an additional quantity 
 of fresh-water from the limpid streams which pour- 
 ed into it. M. de Langle had a very strong par- 
 tiality for water fresh from the strcr.m or fountain, 
 as being much more salutary to those who should 
 use it, than water which had been long preserved 
 in barrels on board a ship. Provisions, too, were 
 here to be obtained in an abundance in which tbey 
 could scarcely be expected, elsewhere. Five hund- 
 red hogs, a great number of fowls, a large quantity 
 of fruit, had been procured at the trivial price of u 
 few glass beads. With great reluctance, on account 
 of the disorderly conduct of the islanders, I\I. de la 
 Pcyroufe agreed to await till M. dc Lat>glc sliould 
 accomplish his se, Deiring the niglit, the two 
 
 fiigales hovered under sail, at a small distance from 
 the shore of the isle. At day-break, there succeed- 
 ed a Ciilin, after a stormy and uncertain night. A^ 
 bout nine o'clock, a gentle breeze from the N, W, 
 
 
 'yM 
 
 
 \ V 
 
1 
 
 I'll IK t 
 il 
 
 
 ,K,fMi 
 
 hijf! 
 
 226 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 enabled them to advance the frigates again nearer 
 to the isle. At eleven, they were within a league 
 of it. Two boats from La Boussole, with the barge 
 and long-boat of L'Astrolabe, were, %vithout delay, 
 sent ashore, under the command of M. de L. angle, 
 •and having on hoard Messrs de Lamanon, Colinet, 
 Vaujuas, le Goblen, de la Martiniere, Lavaux, Re- 
 ceveur, with a number of such of the common men 
 out of both crews, as had begun to he affected with 
 the scurvy, amounting, in all, to sixty-one persons. 
 Six swivels were mounted upon the long-boats •, and 
 the men were armed with cutlasses and muskets. 
 Great numbers of canoes, in the mean time, came 
 around the jhips for the sake of traffic •, and the 
 people wore, in their countenances and manners, an 
 air of gaiety and confidence, which tended to remove 
 every suspicion of hostilities to be offered from them. 
 At a quarter after one o'cloclv. the boats reached 
 the shore. What had been supposed a capacious 
 bay, was found to be but a creek full of coral rocks, 
 and presenting no accessible passage, save a winding 
 channel of five and twenty feet in width. Within 
 that channel the boats had but, three feet of winter. 
 The long-boats ran a-gr und. The barges were 
 kept a- float, by being iiauled to a considerable dis- 
 tance from the beach. Tlie tide ^vas now at ebb. 
 It had been in flood, when this scene was, on the 
 preceding day, examined by M. de Langle. Dis- 
 appointed in regard t) the state of the bay, M. de 
 Langle would have returned immediately to the 
 creek, without accomplishing his fir^t purpose,— 
 had it not been for the gentleness a;id order which 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 227 
 
 appeared to distinguish the natives, in the offers 
 which they now made, to trade with the French- 
 men, as well from the boats as at the ships. He 
 sent the water-casks on shore. The soldiers were 
 arranged in two lines, to protect an avenue of pas- 
 sage between the watering-place and the sea-beach. 
 Water was, without delay, taken in j and the casks 
 being filled, were successfully conveyed on board 
 the boats. But, in the mean time, the numbers of 
 the natives who surrounded the Frenchmen at their 
 task, were prodigiously augmented. Petty thefts ; 
 attempts to seize, by open force, what they could 
 not secretly steal j with various acts of wanton in- 
 ■iolence and mischief j began to bespeak the con- 
 tempt of the natives, as well for the strength and 
 numbers of the Frenchmen, as for the laws of bene- 
 volence and hospitality. A brisk trathc still went 
 on : and the favours of the women were, with e- 
 jiQUgh of wanton eagerness, both offered and accept- 
 ed. The islanders insensibly proceeded, on the 
 shore, to assail the strangers with showers of stones ; 
 while others of them, entering the water, attempted 
 to seize and pillage the boats. To soothe the inso- 
 lence and rapacity of the natives, a few beads were 
 distributed to some few of them, who appeared to 
 possess a superior authority among the rest. Those 
 who were overlooked in the distribution, became, 
 for this, so much the more outrageous. M. de 
 I^angle was on board his boat j and the fire-arms 
 were ready to be discharged. But, reluctant to 
 proceed to ctremities, which 'hould occasion an 
 effusiou of blood j he declined the use of the firc- 
 
 
 
 Ij-: 
 
 j* 
 
 i» m 
 
,^28 
 
 11^ 
 
 lit 
 
 t 
 
 ■l, 
 
 !ii 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE 
 
 ? , 
 
 arms, till, at least, the whole party should -have come 
 on board the boats. The natives saw them all en- 
 ter their boats, without offering any fatal violence. 
 But when they saw the boats shoved off from the 
 beach, and were aware, that the strangers, with all 
 their beads, had almost escaped unpillaged, and 
 without having transacted, at this time, any consl- 
 derable traflic •, their rapacity and rage were then 
 raised to the utmost height. They threw stones, 
 rushed in great numbers into the water to stay the 
 boats, and made a serious and desperate hostile at- 
 tack upon the French sailors. Orders were given 
 to oppose them with a discharge of musquetry, and, 
 at the same time, to use the utmost expedition in 
 removing the boats beyond their reach. A few of 
 the islanders fell. But the prodigious supetiority 
 of their numbers •, their nearness to the boats j their 
 great strength and dexterity in hurling those huge 
 stones, which they employed as their rais^ile wea- 
 ])ons •, together witii the surprise and confusion of 
 liic Trench ; made it impossible for thest: to resist 
 tlic onset of the inhospitable islanders, without suf. 
 fering themselves in the r.kiimlsh. M, de Langle. 
 with the master of arms, and the carpenter belong- 
 ing to his ship, were beaten down from the bow of 
 the Ion ;•• bant in which they stood j and were the 
 Hrst w!io fell. M. de Langle peii.shed under the 
 fury of the ■.issallants ; the two who fell with him. 
 
 were sull».re( 
 
 1 t 
 
 o cscaiic. 
 
 Tl 
 
 ic 1 
 
 -liind 
 
 ers, in a lc\v 
 
 fc 
 
 minulrs. mndc tlicinselves masters of the tivo boats 
 which were the nearest to the beach, illevcn o- 
 thers of the boats* crews perished with I\I. dc LaU" 
 
 1^^ ^ 
 
come 
 ill cn- 
 lence, 
 na tlic 
 1th all 
 1, and 
 consl- 
 re til en 
 stones, 
 tay the 
 itile at- 
 e givei\ 
 ry, and, 
 lition in 
 ^ few of 
 letiority 
 is •, their 
 se hu.c;;c 
 
 e wea- 
 sion ot 
 o tebl.'^t 
 ut suf- 
 .anglc. 
 )elong- 
 hozv of 
 ere the 
 tier the 
 ih him, 
 n a few 
 o boats 
 levcn o- 
 Idc Lau- 
 
OS 
 
 J> •'^' 
 
 •illr.ti u. 
 
 • !t 
 
 'l <l 
 
 I ri7 
 
 )i I 1 
 
 tlii 
 
 ris 
 
 of 1 
 
 J..I ' 
 
 tk'^ 
 
 iln.i. 
 
ROUWD THE WORLD. 
 
 ■29 
 
 1.1 
 
 
 1 , 
 
 wv 
 
 <v 
 
 •-'Ic. Amono; tlieio was llic unfortunate IM. Jc !.:i- 
 Kianon, naturulii^t to the expirdilion. Wlilli; the is- 
 lanckrs buslcil themselves in pliiiKlcriu'^ tiic lont;- 
 boais, which tluy li;.iJ seized •, tlie sr.rvlvin^; 
 Frencl.'nen thrc->v ( vtrhoard the watcrc sks whicli 
 had been conveyed Into the two b.iit^es j n'M\ all 
 found means t^ escape, nlthoui'li the lor.:;; bvuits 
 were lost. Ilavin;.r in v;?in torn up the scats d? 
 t'ne iopif boats, in search ot" the riches which they 
 su]^pjM-J to be h.iddcn in thcni • the i-hnricrs 
 turned thcnisclves to attack the lnr;:;cs, when they 
 siiw them ni'^vt:: off with dilHcuity. A dischavi^e of" 
 fire-arnvs killed a iV^v of th.tni ; nnd, eve the re?: 
 could approach, tiit; b.ii;';es wlvc beyond the reach 
 ol'thilr pursait. It w s live o'clock in th.e evening' 
 when ?he survivors came vw board the ships, with 
 news (>t the disaster which liad cut oiV their compa- 
 ni ns. Nuuihets ot ih.e natives weic at that linie 
 arounU ilie ^liI['^ in canoes ; ;.od i' wis not without 
 f.N rcir.c d:lii;-nltv that I\I. do l.i rcvro'ise couM le- 
 
 s:v :n Lie s 
 
 laicr 
 
 * an 
 
 .1 sail 
 
 ors, on 
 
 !)oa:d ike fri'-at 
 
 I'loni !;.kin,^i, sudden ven-eance for t!:c MutrJer ot' 
 then- slui^l)tticd co.r.ra.les, by th.e destruction of 
 
 «ii the caiv'cs aioutid the 
 
 m. 
 
 Cut of the ishndcrs. 
 
 who happuicd to be ot» the iji.artcr deck, was ar- 
 nstfd, .nd, for si time, del?iiu-'d in irons, but wa» 
 suirwjcii, n;-:t tl.iy, to inulse his escape, by leaplni; 
 nveiln;.;! .1. ./\uli^l^t their iudi* naliuu for the bite 
 of their companion . iM. dc la l\\n*use, witli iiis 
 
 )(! tl 
 
 oi:,ccrs, and the vv oic sups' compinies, wou'ci wil- 
 bn^ly I'.'ivc iniji-tcil >i(ftu<! venyemcc uu tiic perti- 
 vbouH i'iande y*, but it was iuifwssible to unchor 
 
 1' 
 
 
 S T4 
 
 ■ a: 
 
 
 
 in* 
 
 slr- 
 
 *^? 
 

 230 
 
 LA I'EYROL'SES VOYAGE 
 
 williin a ^un shot's distance from the village ; and 
 wlicn all circumstances lirid been duly considered, 
 it ^ras thoupjit more prudent to forego the desired 
 revenge, than to incur new inconvenience or danoer. 
 On the follo\ving day, some of the islanders had e- 
 \'cn ihe audatily to venture out, towards the ships, 
 in their canoes, with hogs, pigeons, and cocoa-nuts 
 for barter. When their ofT^^^rs of this tralVic were 
 rejected, they then accosted the French with spor- 
 tive raillery. \\'it]i diHiculty, la Peyrouse suppres- 
 sed his indignation, and would not suilcr them to be 
 ilred upon. Other canoes came out, seemingly with 
 liostile purpose, to join them. A shot then fired 
 irom a blunderbuss, taught them to respect liie 
 range of the French fire-arms. And they all lied, 
 "Willi one accord, to the shore. Be>iJc those of the 
 j'rench who had lost their lives in the aiVray with 
 the iih.nders, twentv others were wounded. AlHic 
 lion of tlio deepest and most poignant character, 
 reigned, for some time, on bo-tid the frigates. At 
 la.st, on the 14th, they steered away from the fatal, 
 inlu'xpltnble shores of J\1a(»(j: a. 
 
 The 
 
 persons wliom 
 
 they had here lost, were 
 Messrs ni: Lan(.il", post captain und ommaniler *, 
 'ivrs liumon, '^{o.'H Rith//e^^ Francix Fcrirt, Lau- 
 it'iice H(>ilHf and a C/j/'uciff, seamen ) all belonging 
 to L'Astrolabe. 
 
 Messrs 1)e Lamanon, naturalist 1 Prttr Taliiiy 
 |,unner j Andrew lioth and ^osc/tb tittyfs^ qunrtcr- 
 unncrs, from l.A Hot,'ps(»Li;. 
 On the 14th of December, di parting from 
 tbe fatal coiibt of ISIaoiinu, the I'':ciKh nnvi^Mtorb 
 
 i 
 
 ry (• 
 
 ing 
 '•iin, 
 M-arJ 
 injr ( 
 
 ^;ieat 
 
ROUND THE WOKhD. 
 
 23 K 
 
 took their course across a channel iiine loacjncs u\ 
 widcncss, towards the spacious aud fertile isle ct* 
 Oyolava. At the distance of three lea^^ues tVoiu 
 its N. E. poI.it, they were surrounded by a great 
 multitude ot Oyolavan canoes, which ^vere laden, 
 for barter, wMh bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, bananas, su^ 
 (jjar-canes, pigeons, lioj^s, &.c. In drtss, fe;itarcs, 
 and tallr.eiis of statjrc, th': people of Oyohiva so 
 nearly the resemblcvl those of M louna, that, at si;;iit: 
 of them, the indignation of the Vicnch sailors for the 
 fate of their murdered companions was awikeiicd 
 anew. AI. de la Pcyrouse, however, quieted tliuscj 
 an)2;ry emotions which had almost prompted his pco- 
 jile to hostilities, at the first sijjl.t of the ()yoIa« 
 vans. A commerce of f.vchanjre conirncncKd, ami 
 was cair cd tjn with great briskness, und witli mu- 
 tuul satisl'aclion, between the French auJ the is! ai- 
 ders. Ill the course of it, the l''ien':h were m )r« 
 careful than they had hitherto been, to rcpier;, by 
 tlucals, ami even by bloAs, every attempt at theft, 
 fiaiid, or violence, on the part of the natives : and 
 thii conduct was attended with good ellect'i. la 
 the afternoon, t!ic frigate., approaclicd a part of tho 
 iiilc, which presented the largest village, perhaps, 
 that is to be seen in all the i.>]und'j of the South Sea. 
 It conMstst of hous.cs iircgularly scattered over u ve- 
 ry extensive and gently inclining plain j und u^cend- 
 ing even up^vards to the very summit of tiie moun- 
 I lin, xvhich rises bcyoi.d the plain, und retiies in- 
 wards to the middle of the isle, 'Ihc smoke hover- 
 ing over tlie viilrtgc, seemed as If it rose fro 
 
 in some 
 
 gieat city 
 
 Ih 
 
 ic peoph-, who came out in the ca« 
 T i 
 
 (.(•-J 
 
 H << 
 
 *f 
 
 
^i 
 
 i» 
 
 \ 
 
 
 , ., ^^^. J J' f K'-l.*- *>ji. ^ 
 
 u A }• :. V K o i: "ins v ', i v a r, r 
 
 noes, xvrrc entirely un;;C(jUiuntcci wiih ir^Mi. A -ac- 
 _ql;; 1)1- ..1 WIS, to llii'iu, jncli v;il)li; In ;i ii.iil six inclu-H 
 long, or to :iii Ir.itclict. Some ot tlicin li.iJ •.I'^rcca- 
 blc tciitures, 'I'hcir Imlr was bomul ii[) \\\{\\ a sort 
 ('{ ;;:cc'> libbnr.d, :iiul iidonu'cl willi tlowcrs. Thtii- 
 Jjnn was luiiulsonic ; ami cvvry thin r in ihcir w i\i)lc 
 asptx't bi'sjKjkc sweetness ol itnitnr, and j^cnlli ncs« 
 of fiMiincrs. 1 lie billows brcjkc .lil ;ir. iind the luiacli 
 xvilli a violt-ncc whicn made it not salt ly acccs/ible 
 on the nortli-sidc of the isle. In the diisl; of the e- 
 venlni;, the canoes had retired j and the French na- 
 vigators sailed onwards, still at no great di.'^tancc 
 from the coa^t of the isle. A dead c'llrn prevailed 
 during; llu: next day, wllli fief|tient llashes of light- 
 ning, ^vl•dch were fvdlowcd by tluinleis and r.iins. 
 It seemed '.irobable, ih it, on this day, the p-joplc of 
 Oyolava liad received notice of the late unhnppy e- 
 vents at IMiouna. On the i^lh, when the fri;i;ates 
 ratnc -over-ac^ainst the island of Pola, no canoes 
 Ciime out to vi it them : nnd from this, it was con- 
 cluded, that the people of Pola had I'kcwise been 
 infor.'.jed of the qi'.arrcl at Maouna, and were afiaid 
 of fuflVring ficm the rcfientnient of the French, if 
 ihcy should put thet^vse!v> s within their power. Po- 
 la is a beautiful isle, somewhat smaller than Oyoin- 
 va, from whlcli it is stparattd by a cliannel, only 
 four lea_i;ues in wldeiess. in tlie eh inncl are two 
 J lets ; one of which U covered wi'h wootl, nnd 
 J haps occnpled by some inhabitants. '\'\\v. norlli 
 coast of Pola is innccesxible to j.hippini; : lljt after 
 tuiubling its wisltrn p int, the maiiiur ^^i!l tnttr a 
 naoulh icn, wljich may probably alluid c\celltul 
 
ROUND Tlin VV (1 r. L I), 
 
 ^33 
 
 i; 
 
 mocs 
 con- 
 )ccn 
 
 ^, iF 
 
 uiily 
 two 
 
 norili 
 aftiT 
 
 ronff'Xtcads. Tlic<;e isles arc ten In number *,— Ojvjun^ 
 I.eon^, Fanfouc, Maouna, Oyoliiva, Calunssr, Poln, 
 Sliika, Ossntno, and Oveia. 'I'hc rcl:itivf In-ailngs 
 of these different isles, the Fr(nch navi;^utc)rs could 
 not, from the iiifonnition of the natives, si.ti^farto- 
 rily ascertain. Oi'oun, the most southerly, is \\\ 
 \.f 7' S. Lat. in 171" V7' 7" \V. Lon^;. It has 
 been supposed that tlicse are the same isles which 
 were discovered by Kocoicwkn in the ye ir 1721, 
 and by him denominated HpAyMAN's Islanis. IluL 
 every ci-cumstance led M. <\c la Pe\ rouse, and hi; 
 ''ompnnions, to re^j^ard this supposition as j^roiindlcss, 
 ?.nd to coiisidiM" ihein as isles unhnown to European. 
 navip;ators, till ihc voyage of liouirainville. 
 
 The natives of these isles arc a remarkably tall, 
 robust, and well proportioned race of men. In 
 rompaiison with the I'^rench navij;ators, they seem- 
 rd to be, just such as Danish horses are, in conipa' 
 rison with tiiose of France, They are nakel j but. 
 have the body painted or t.itoocd in a manner that 
 j^ives them the api)earancc of havin;^ clt)thes. On 
 titeir loins they bind a L'/ndlr entwined of sea-weeds, 
 'I hey wear the hair loujj, and twisted rtnind the licad. 
 They are cyofdinj^ly fei^cious and quarrelsome. 
 The forms of the w^men «t" t;ill, (.lender, an. I not. 
 iinjf.ruceful. liut, atnon^ all vvlion- the l"rei.i-!i na- 
 vlj^fAtors saw, there were not ni')re ihan thrtc whotn 
 *hcy could consider as bcii.j^ in.ly beautiful and 
 Tiirir n;anncrs arc, in the hli'hest uuvl 
 
 I '.J 
 
 i;and>fonie. 
 
 <.»' 
 
 ;ii()!t dl«^',utinf; dcfjrcr, wnnton und immode'*. The 
 threi:' bes^ulies. who attracted tin* notice of the '.trnn- 
 ^":rs, wc:c rcs'.'Hy pro»?IiMted to their I'.st, <)( a 
 
 
 Mil 
 
» 
 
 Id 
 
 ;» 
 
 234 
 
 LA PEYROUSf/s voyage 
 
 basaltic stone, these people form tools for working 
 in wood, wliicli. even in comparison with tlic Euro- 
 pean instruments of iron, are far from contemptible. 
 
 )ome wooden 
 
 dish( 
 
 es were obtained irom tliem, ri 
 
 I fr 
 
 exchange for glass beads, the pvlisliing of whicli 
 was not at all less ncifcct, th:in if it: h.td been ef- 
 fected witli an European tutniT^-looin. The mals, 
 and some paper-stuflV, wliich tiicse people nianufac- 
 •ture, are exceedin^^ly beautiful, and of a very inge- 
 
 nious texture, 
 
 neir 
 
 I 
 
 n^uafic appears 
 
 ppt 
 
 to b; 
 
 a par 
 
 licular dialect of that which is spoken in the ^'ocri'- 
 TY and in tb.c LaiENnLY Islts. A person ftt«in the 
 }irovincc of Taoavan. in the north of the island of 
 LiCONiA, understood, aud cxpl tined to the Trencti 
 navi;:;Htors, in whose service he was nicst of the 
 words wliich he heard spoken at the Xai</\>/i/ori'' 
 /r/t.f. From tliis fact, it should seem that thc^c 
 
 pec} 
 
 de 
 
 are, 
 
 by d 
 
 escen 
 
 t, M 
 
 AI-.\YS 
 
 anci 
 
 tl'.e 1 
 
 ,iiigu..go 
 
 ■wljich they speak, — tlie ALiiaynn. Among from 
 fifteen to eighteen hundred, whom the Krcnch voy- 
 
 ige 
 
 rs saw, to the number of iibout tliirtv seemed t) 
 
 be chiefs. 'Ihc^e endeavoured to exercise a smt 
 of auiliorlly, l:ur wcie very carelessly obeyed. 
 They h;r.e been very properly n mu-d by IM. dc Bou- 
 fra'nville, Na\h,at rs, They scarcely t-vcr perforin 
 .•ny change of place, othcr'Aisc ihjin by water, and 
 in their canoes. 'I'hcir villagrs r.re siluattd o.i 
 
 ♦jrcclv^, close on the shore. And they have no i;i. 
 tcrnal roatls from one to Jiniithtr of ihcm. All ■ 
 these Isles, which the French voyagers visited, wcic 
 covered, to the very tups of the iilevior Ijills, willi 
 .fruit trees, WooJ-pigeonf, Uutlc- Jovi", pTtroqnctr, 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 235 
 
 voy- 
 d t ) 
 sovt 
 ycfl. 
 F.ou- 
 
 :'.n'l 
 
 a ( ,. 
 
 Ml vi 
 
 Willi 
 
 blackbirds, partridges, of very beautiful and singu- 
 lar varieties, were very numerous amon^ these 
 woods. About the houses were great numbers of 
 tame wood- pigeons. '1 heir canoes have outn\^crSy 
 aiul are generally of a size incapable to contain 
 more than five or six persons ; though some indeed 
 will admit to the number of fourteen. Their course 
 is not exceedingly rapid j under sail, not more tiian 
 seven knots an hour •, rowing, such, that thcv could 
 not kct'p way with the Frencii frigate, sailing at the 
 rate 01 only four miles an hour. Sometimes two of 
 these canoes are joined into one, by means of a trans- 
 vvtse piece of wood, in which is put a step to re- 
 ceive a ma^t. The sails are of matting, extended 
 by a sprit. The sweep net, and the hook, and line, 
 aie tlicir onlv instruments for fishing. '1 heir baits 
 are of mother-of-pearl and of wliite shells, very 
 skilfully wrought. The bails arc in the form of a 
 ilving fish, and have a iiook of tortoisc-shtll attacli- 
 td to them, which is of sulllcient strength to drag 
 tiut a tunny, bonela, or ('.orado, 'Ihese Isles seem 
 lo lie all of volcanic oiigln. On tj-.e beach appear- 
 ed no stones, but pieces of lava, basaltcs, cr coral. 
 In all ihw creeks, the sides arc usually filled up ulib 
 coral, which leaves in the middle just a narrow than- 
 ju. 1, suMicient to admit the canoes to pass and repHSf, 
 'J"he*.e canoes are so li);ht, as to be easily borne, one 
 on tl»e hhnuldcrs of two men. Nor are they usual- 
 ly left in tlic water, but dtpoiited under the shade 
 ol trees near the dwellin^r^. No situations can be 
 \\.u\'\i agrr rablo than those of the vllUtjcs in thee 
 i&lcii The houses stand u;: the batiks of slieunikts 
 
 't 
 
 ■ 11 
 
 %\ 
 
11 
 
 236 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 descending from the hills, under the shade of fruit- 
 trees, by the sides of path-ways leading into the in- 
 terior parts of the isles. Each house is sufficiently 
 spacious to lodge even several families. They have 
 moveable doors or windows, which are let down to 
 exclude the sun, and pulled up, on the opposite side, 
 to admit the fresh breezes. Hogs, dogs, fowls, 
 birds, and fishes, famish a rich abundance of animal 
 food to the inhabitants of these isles. The cocoa, 
 the guava, the banana-tree, with another tree which 
 bears a chesnut-like fruit, that is roasted for eat- 
 ing, supply an abundance of wholesome fruits. Su- 
 gar-canes, of an inferior quality, grow spontaneously 
 on the banks of the rivers. In Maouna, Messrs 
 Martiniere and Colignon made a short botanical 
 excursion. But the natives exacted a glass-bead 
 for every plant they <;athcred ; and, even under this 
 condition, would hardly permit them to bring off 
 \vhat they collected, in safety. Clubs, arrow-like 
 lances, and stones vvhicii they were skilled to throw 
 with great force and dexterity, were the offensive 
 weapons of these people. I he population of thesp 
 isles is probably very considerable in proportion to 
 their extent. IVlaouua, I'ola, und Oyolava, arc cer- 
 taiiily among the most beautiful of all the isles of 
 the Southern Ocean. M. de la I'cyrouse would 
 glailly have gone ashore on Pola. liut, after sucli 
 experience of the inhospitable temper of the native?, 
 it would have been imprudent to send any part of 
 the crews ashore, unarmed j and so strong were still 
 the resentments of the sailors, that going on lir.vl 
 1^iUl arms in their hands, they hardly could have ic- 
 
m 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 237 
 
 frained from em|iloyincr these against the islanders, 
 even without new provocation. For this reason, 
 IVl. de la Pey rouse resolved not again to cast anchor, 
 till he should reach Botany Bay. 
 
 After sailing alon^r the western coast of Pol.i, the 
 French navigators lost sij;ht of land. They endea- 
 voured to sail in a 5^. S. Vl. direction. An E. 8. E, 
 wind, at fii-iit. opposed their proo;res5. Its bhit'iin^, 
 however, soon suffered them to make way agreeably 
 to their wishes. On the 20th they came within 
 sight of a round isle, precisely S. from Oyolava, and 
 about forty leagues distant from it. On the day 
 following, they arri\'ed within two leagues of its 
 coast. Two other i^les were now also descried, to 
 the souiiuvard ', which phainly appeared to be the 
 Cocoa and Traitor. Islands of Sciiouten. Cocoa 
 Island towers up to a great ekvati. n, in the form of 
 a sugar-loaf. It is nearly a league in diameter j 
 •and trees cover it up to the v- ry summit. A chan- 
 nel, of about three leagues in breadth, intervenes 
 betv.'fcn this and Traitor's Isle which is low and 
 flat, with only one hill of moderate height in the 
 middle. A channel, about an hundred and fifty fa- 
 tlionis wide at its mouth, intersects this isle Into 
 two parts, so that it is properly two isles, not one, 
 tis has been hitherto fancied. 1 he weather was un- 
 favourable •, and no canoe came out immediately 
 from Traitor's Island. 1 he fiigatcs hovered near, 
 during the evening : at eight o'clock in the morning, 
 they approached to within two miles of the bottom 
 of a sandy bay. About twcuty canots soon left the 
 •»l>orc, and approached the frijales. They were la* 
 
 'tn 
 
 S'^ 
 
 I-';* 
 
 ■K<l 
 
 t 
 
i^ss 
 
 LA PEYROT e's voyage 
 
 ^1H 
 
 ; '« 
 
 den, for barter, -with e\. c::ent cocoa-nuts, and with 
 a few bananas and yams. ■ )ne brought a hog, -vvi'th 
 a few fowls. The peoti' ; ppeared plainly to liave 
 
 hid 
 
 n 
 
 o previous acqu. uit.ince wn 
 
 h E 
 
 uropean? 
 
 Ih 
 
 ey approac 
 
 hcd 
 
 without tear pr suspicioi), 
 
 and 
 
 readily exchan^«.d tlu-ir provisions for beads, nails, 
 and difFertnt pieces of iron. They had every one 
 two joints cut off from the little finger of the left- 
 hand. In oti.cr re''ptcts, tl^elr aspect and manners 
 diffv-rcd liitlc from those of the people of the Navi.. 
 gOi'ors'' Isles, Their stature was, however, lower, 
 and their form less ruhust. The French navigators, 
 in their intcrcouise uiih the'.fi Indians, thou^^rht pro- 
 per to act with a.^.^■e of spirit and vigour than they 
 had hitherto shown. They repressed every act oi* 
 thtft or inji itice, would not sullVr their vLsitors to 
 cen-.e on ivr.'.rd, a.:d shewed what power their arms 
 gave ♦hem, lO punish every act of hostility or fraud. 
 On the 2 3v!, at noon, wlnle *' y were tradickiig 
 with these Indians, a sudden bla^t from the W. S, 
 
 W. di 
 
 Ksperseci che cjnoes, oversetting many of them, 
 but without occasioning any serious mlsclilcf to those 
 who s.iiled i:i them. Although ti-.e weatiicr wa-i 
 thus unfi.vouaahlc, yet the French voyagers failed 
 rot to m;ik tl.R cii :iut of the isle, and to suivcy all 
 its puiius, i\X four in the afternoon, they renewed 
 
 th 
 
 tir projre 
 
 steeri';'! o. 
 
 E. of 
 
 purpose to exa- 
 
 mine sue 
 
 h r.f 
 
 i>H 
 
 I'Vi 
 
 1 n:)LY Isles 
 
 1: 
 
 to ih 
 
 c nortn o 
 
 f 1 
 
 NAMOOKA, as hud becu IcU uucxploitd by Cook., 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 239 
 
 CHAP 'ER TW I. F'fH. 
 
 NARRATIVE OV THE VOYAGE CONTINUED, FROM THE 23. 
 OK DECEMBER I787, TO THE END OF JANUARY I788. 
 (OURsE FROM THE NAVIGATORS* ISLES TO BOTANY-BAY. 
 ACCOUNT OE THE ISLAND OF VAVAO. TRAtllC WIT« 
 THE PEOI'LK OF TONGATABOO. DESCRIPTION OF NOR* 
 ) ULK ISLAND, &C. 
 
 A STORMY night succeeding the day of their depar- 
 ture from I'raitor's Island, retarded and endangered 
 iheir progress, biich of the ctew as had begun .o feel 
 nn incipient scurvy, now suffered exceedingly from 
 tlic moisture in the atmosphere. A man of the name 
 of David^ the gun-room cook, died of a scorbutic 
 dropsy. IMolasses and spruce-beer, are considered as 
 the most efficacious preservative against scurvy. lu 
 these hoi climates, the companies continued to drink 
 these articles at the rate of a bottle a day to each 
 peison, with half a pint of vvine, and a small glass of 
 brandy, greatly diluted with water. The hogs ob- 
 tained from Maouna, proved but a transient resource. 
 They could neither be sciltcd nor preserved alive. 
 On this account, fresh pork \vas, for a while, seivcd 
 out, twice a day, to the crews. And, while this last- 
 ed, all the swcllingb of the legs, and the other symp- 
 toms of scurvy, began to disappear. 'I'he N. N. W. 
 wauls followed iheni beyond the I'licndly Isles i 
 Merc alvvays accompanied with rain j and blew as 
 liard as the westtrii gsUes ou the co^st of iiritauny. 
 
 '■ -.f I 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
240 
 
 LA PEYROUSE's voyage 
 
 n 
 
 On the 27th of December, they discovered the 
 island of Vavao. Its western point bore precisely 
 W. at noon, when their latitude was :8" 34'. Its 
 existence was known to Captain Cook, only from 
 the report of the people of the other Friendly Isles. 
 It is almost equal In extent to Tongataboo •, and 
 being of lottier elevation, Is more copiously supplied 
 with fresVi v.ater. liiis isle had been befoie seen 
 by the Spanish Captain Don Antonio Maurelle. It 
 is surrounded by a number of other isles, by which 
 the number of the Friendly Isles, originally made 
 known by the English, Is almost doubkd. I\I;ui- 
 relle made this discoverv in the course of a vovacre 
 from Manilhi to Chili, in which he ivas induced to 
 enter these latitudes in search of westerly winds. 
 He called X'avao, with Its surrounding islets, the Is- 
 LANDS OF Matorca : to Mai'PAee, and the Islets lyin,:! 
 around it, he gave the name of the Islands of Cal- 
 ves. 'J he names employed by the n.itives them- 
 selves, have been pnservcd in tl.c map of the French 
 navigators. On tlie 27th the French frigates ^vtrc 
 at a smidl distance \V. N. W. from Vavao. Dur- 
 ing the night, they advanced so far, that, on the 
 morning, they coald sec ihe RIagura of Maurelle, 
 at the distance of twelve or fifteen leagues eastward. 
 'i'owavdi noon, on the same day, they were at th',- 
 entrance of that part of Vavao in which MaurelL 
 had anchored, it is iornicd by small isles, Iniving 
 between them narrow, l.ut very deep passngf-s, and 
 aftbrdipTf entire slitl'.er agaii:.^t the winds hlcwino 
 from the '^l-i'ig- ivii^.ny circumiitances invited o-.ir 
 voya^LTs to come to an :.nclK>r h.ere j but rtilection 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 241 
 
 the Is- 
 
 !< lyinij; 
 Gai-- 
 them- 
 ''rcnch 
 Is wei'c 
 Dur- 
 )n the 
 irelle, 
 
 ItWArd. 
 
 at th'; 
 lurello 
 
 and 
 
 i O'.iV 
 
 'ectioo 
 
 upon tVie danj:rers to which they mi'^ht be exposed, 
 from the rapacity of the natives, determined thenx 
 aj^ninst it. No canoes came from the isle to traffic 
 The weather was threatening, and already stormy. 
 Our navifjalois, therefore, bore away for the is]:3nd 
 of Latte, at twenty leagues distance. The night 
 which ensued, was dreadful with pitchy darkness 
 and storms. When dav returned, the storms vvere 
 rather heig^htened than allayed. The frij^ates were 
 now steered to wiihln two leagues of the island of 
 Lattc. Bur here, before any canoe could come out, 
 the sails were so much overpressed by a blast, that 
 our navigators were compelled to steer away for the 
 islts of Kao and Toofoa. They passed near these 
 isles, but were, at first, prevented by the mists from 
 discovering them. At five o'clock in the evening, 
 the weather liecnme fair •, and Kao was discerned 
 lising with a lofty conical elevation. I hrough the 
 night, our navigators conti:med to hover near these 
 isles. At vun rise, on tlie following moining, both 
 Kao and Toofoa were clearly seen. Passing with-- 
 in half a league of Totitua, tiie Frencii voyagers per- 
 ceived it to be uninli;ii)ited. It is precipitously 
 inounta'nous •, about four leagues in circumference ^ 
 and wundtd up to its summit. It Is probable that 
 the people of Tongat.iboo, ad t!ie other Friendly 
 Isles, may often resort bither in the summc-r, to cut 
 Ujwn wood, and construct their canots ^ since none 
 but fruit- bearing trees grow upon the isles which 
 they inhabit. As our voyageis passed near the 
 .shore of this isle, they could discover several slides 
 
 or inclined planes, destined for the purpose of ad- 
 
 U 
 
 /« ■ ,. 
 
 f' 
 
 .1 
 
 ■rf 
 
2^2 
 
 LA PEYROUSe's voyage 
 
 
 It 
 
 1 
 
 mitting the trees cut above, to roll easily down the 
 declivity to the sea shore. I Iiey next continued 
 their course towards the two small isles of Hoonga- 
 voNGA and Ho nga happale. Looking back upon 
 Kao and Toofoa, these isles seemed to them as u- 
 nited, so that Kao formed the summit of Toofoa. 
 Kao is about three times as h'gh as Toofoa ; its 
 sunin."t may seem the peak of a volcano : its base 
 is apparently le*;s than two miles in diameter. To- 
 Avards mon they arrived within sight of the two 
 isles of Hoonga-tonga and Hoonga happaee. Near 
 to these is a very dangerous reef of rocks, two 
 leagues in extent, — in direction, neatly N. b/ W, 
 nnd S. by E. having its northern point five leagues 
 N. from Iloongn. happaee ; its southern point three 
 leagues N. from Hoon(;a tonga •,— -forming, with 
 the two isles, a strclght three leai?,ue8 bruad, ai'd 
 not laid down in the charts of any former navigH- 
 tors. Its breaker^' were seen, by the Frenci) voya- 
 gers, to rl-e mt untalnlii;.;h, as they sailed ?lon^; ,ii 
 a league's distance to the wesuwaid. Hoontja-lon- 
 ga and lloonga-hiippaee are ui.inhabitajle rocks, so 
 hlj^h as to be visible at fifteen Ifavjufs dist.incc. 
 'i'hcir form change-^ every motiienl to ihc view, as 
 you advance ;owin('', or rcti'c from, liiem. 'I'hty 
 scf »nc(l to be, «•„(.!', \vs^ than Iialf a league in cir- 
 cumference. ^\ thitnncl, i« league broad, — and in 
 the (Uuction of K. N. 1'.. a-u! \V. 8. W. divides 
 tiicm from one^ unotlrv. 'I hey He ten leagues Ni 
 
 trom 
 
 the 1 
 
 JW IS 
 
 le '/f 'J'oSGAT aROO. 1 hi» isle w; 
 
 IS 
 
 •ten by our navtg»tors un tlie ,^ist of Dfcrmbcr. 
 Only the tnp« of its irccs wcift at fir»t vi.ilJ'? ; anl 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 24: 
 
 these appeared, ns if they haJ their rocts In the wa- 
 ters. As they approached, the land appeared to 
 rise for about two fathoms abf)ve ihc level of the 
 «iea. With a nortlierly wind, the frigates steered 
 for the soutliern coast of this isle. 'I'hey foLind it 
 to be approachnUle, witliout dant^er, to the distance 
 of only three musket shots. Close on the shore the 
 ?ca was sceri to break with j^rcat fury, ilcautiful 
 orchards, and trees skirling fields of cliarming ver- 
 dure, appeared over the whole interior surface of 
 the iile. Not a fingle hil' was to be seen j all was 
 flat, as the surface of the sea in a calm. I'he huts 
 of tht n-'tlvcs were scattered over the fi' Ms, not col- 
 lected Into villages. Seven or eight canoes were 
 8Jon launched out from the isle, and b-nt their 
 course toward the s'up'j. But they were ill navigat- 
 ed , and) though the water was smjoth, cauld not 
 come close to the frigates. At the dist-ancc of eiglit 
 01 ten futhonns, the islanders leaptd overboard from 
 their canocc, and swam to the French »hips. In 
 their hands they held cocoa nuts, which th'y very 
 honestly gave in exchange for hatchrtj, nails, and 
 other bits of iicn. Alutual confidence, to a very 
 high degree, sooit took place between these islanders 
 and the French voyngers. A yt'ung man among 
 
 the foi 
 
 mcr, saying, that he was the son of Feonji;, 
 
 rbtained, on this account, v.jrious presents, with 
 which he appeared 'o be exceedingly I'ratificd. lie 
 urged the strangers to comr to .m anohor 't the 
 shore of the i«>4e ; promlsinij that ihry should there 
 
 obt 
 
 ain provliions in great wbu » 
 
 Jince. Thes** i«. 
 
 laodtii., in general, were noisy, but without that fc. 
 
 U 1 
 
 I' '11 
 
 I. it 
 
 m 
 
 ^M 
 
 «jr jH 
 
 rm 
 
 ' ^&*c^^^Bi 
 
244 
 
 i-A rLYRO use's vovace 
 
 rocily uliich iriMrked the manners of the natives of 
 the Nnvigatois' Isles. They are inferior, also, in 
 ^i:'.e a«d vit^our, to the jicople of the Navi;^'ators' 
 Isles. 'I hey appeared to possess no arms but fxiiuw- 
 f)atfjivs } \m.\ these uere so ^mall, that several of 
 them V'hich the Frenchmen bouc;ht, \vel;;heij not 
 more than oncthird of the uei^ht of n />nrjivf>a.'(yiv 
 from Maouna. 'i'licyc people, as vve!l as those of 
 Cocoa and J'raitor Isles, are wont to cut ofl" two 
 joints from the little finf;er, in token of sorrow for 
 the h ,ss of near relations. All the iniei course be- 
 ttvecn the Frrnchnun and the pco|»le of Toncint^hoo 
 was confined to a sinnrle visit. I he refrefhmcnts 
 obtaincr, were very slight. 'J lie astronomical ob- 
 servations which were here made by M. D.igelct, 
 coincided ncaily with those of Cook. On the ist 
 of January, hopeless of obtaining here n sulhcient 
 supply of piovi>ions our nivi^^ators resolved to con- 
 tinue thtir course, w'tlioul farther delay, towards 
 the W. S. W, ind to proceed to Botany Bat, by 
 a track which no navii^'ator had as yet pursued. The 
 wind, however, shifting from N. to W. t), W. o- 
 bliged them to stretch southward. On the morn- 
 ing of the id of J.inuary 17S8, they p*rcrived the 
 J'Li; oil Pylstaart, the discovery of TanMn, it< 
 greatest bieudth i» a qMarter of a lcHi;ue. It is 
 iilccp : on its north eait side are a few tiers : it ran 
 only serve as n retitat for n'juatic biids. Its latitude 
 was found by M. U.i^clet to be 22'* 22' S. Koi 
 three d;iys, the French frigates were detained by 
 culm*, within siglit of tins isle. On the 6th, the 
 tiade-wirds arose from the ta>t j the »kie« were 
 
 of 
 
 mi 
 
 bi 
 
 th 
 
 h.i 
 
 h;< 
 
 wl 
 
 set 
 
 ha 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 !45 
 
 darkened j and t1ie billows began to roll tempestu- 
 ously hl^h. These breezes, accompanied with hea- 
 vy rains, and an obscure horizon, continued to blow 
 till the Sth. Steady and strong breezes then arose 
 from the north-c.Kt to the south-east ; the weather 
 became dry ; and tlie sea \vas excessively agitated* 
 Wlicn they had pissed the latitudes of all the isles, 
 
 th 
 
 e winds resume 
 
 d th 
 
 eir re 
 
 guh 
 
 .f th 
 
 pcrature or the ua* became now nlso colder 
 
 r course. 
 h 
 
 'I he tern- 
 
 )ld« 
 
 On 
 
 the I -ith they arriv Ithin sight of Norfolk. Is- 
 land, :\nd of two otl.w ^lets lying contiguous to Its 
 r.yiithcrn extremity. Approacliing its coast, they 
 found t. e water sulliciently smooth j and were 
 therefore induced to cast anchor in twenty-four fa- 
 thoms depth of water, over a bottom of hard sand 
 and coral. Close upon the shore of tlie isle, the seit 
 was seen to break. v\i:h fuiy. i\I. de Clonard was 
 therefore sent Oiit to discover, whether the boats 
 might noi find safe shelter behind sonic of the rocks 
 wliich skirted the coa*>t. He stood towards a sort 
 of inlet bctwern two points at the northern extre- 
 mity of the N li ccast ol the isle. But a surf, 
 breaking on the iccks, was soon found to renier 
 that inUt in iccesiblc. Ihcv cot.Hte : alou'i within 
 half a nlU^ket-shot from the shore, for the space of 
 half a league, but still vsithout finding a single "-pot 
 nheic they might land. A natural wall of lava was 
 seen to buriound tlie isle. The lava a^'pearing to 
 have (lowed fri»m the lun^mlt of t!:c mountain, to 
 have cuolid in its do»cent, nod to have formed n 
 sort of roof, projecting .^cvtr.il ftct over the coast 
 oi the isle. Kvcn il thev cjuld have landed, vet^ 
 
 i<r" 
 
246 
 
 LA PEV rouse's voyage 
 
 I '' 
 
 I 
 
 it woultl bave been Impossible to ppnetrate m^o the 
 interior parts of the isle, otberwisc tlian by stemming 
 some rapid torrents, which had formed ravinrx for the 
 space of fifteen or twenty toises. Reyoiiw these na- 
 tural barriers, i)ines, and a rich and verdant herhaj[Te^ 
 ccvered the face of the isle. From the ship, M. de 
 la I'eyrouse anxiously watched with his telescope the 
 proiiress of the boats. At the fall of nif'lit, seeiny 
 that tlicy had found no fit place for debarkation, he 
 made a signal to recal them. boon after, ordeis 
 Avere given for the ships to get under woy. A >>i<(- 
 nal from D j^n'^dUile^ at this time, gave the alarm 
 that she was on iue. A boat was instantly dispatch- 
 ed to the assistance of the people on board her. But 
 liapplly l)efore the boat had proceeded half way, a 
 second sliinal from 1/Astiolahe, rave notice that 
 the fire was extinguished. A box of acids, and o- 
 thcr chemical IVjMors, had, by takino fire spontane- 
 ouOy, occasioned the alarm. 'I hat box being thtowu 
 overboard, lemovtd the danger. 
 
 Norfolk. Island rises abrupily for about seventy 
 or eighty toises above the level of the sea. Iti 
 
 I" 
 
 nc 
 
 s scrm to be (»f the same sort ns iho'C of New- 
 
 Calkhonia and Nkw Zkalano. Of the cabbage- 
 bearing palms, which Coi k found on this isle, there 
 irerc none seen by the rrtnch navigators. It is 
 iminhabi'.ed, save by sea-fowr*> particularly trojiic- 
 birds with long red feathers •, brwibits and gulli 
 irere likewise seen upon upon it, in great num!)ers. 
 'lo the norlhward, the eastward, and perhaps hU 
 around this isle, there extend»,n bank of s.ind, ovcv 
 ■which the depth of the water i^ but between twenty 
 
 V 
 
•I'tl 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 247 
 
 and thirty fathoms. Some red-fish were can;jht by 
 our voyagers ovcragainst this isle, which afforded 
 them an excellent repast. At eip;ht o'clock in the 
 eveninpr, they resumed their course *, sailing, first, 
 \V. N. W. afterwards bearing away gradually 
 S. W. by W. The bottom was found, by frequent 
 sounling"?, to be even j and the water became con- 
 tinually deeper in proportion as they receded from 
 the land. At eleven in the evening, they were ten 
 miles W. N. W. from the most northern point of 
 Norfolk Island, and could find no bottom with a 
 line of sixty fathom*;. The wind was at E. 8. E. 
 with frequent darkening blasts, in the intervals be- 
 tween which, the sky w;is tolerably clear. At day- 
 break, they held with full sail towards Botany- Bay, 
 from which they were not now more than three hun- 
 dred leagues distant. In the evening of the I4thj 
 they sounded with a line of two hundred fathoms, 
 without finding bottom. The wind conlinued to 
 blow horn l''.. S. E. to N. E, till they came with- 
 in sight of Nfvv Holland. (Jn the 17th, in :^i" 2&' 
 S. Eat. in 1 s9" ij' E. Eong. they were sJjrround- 
 cd by flocks of gulls, which ie i them to suspect the 
 vicinity of some rock or island. I'hcse birds fol- 
 lowed them to within eighty lcaj;ucs of New Hol- 
 land J and had probably come from some uninhabit- 
 ed island which our voyager* had passed without 
 observing it. Within eight leagues of Botany Bay 
 they at last found bottom under ninety fathoms 
 drjuh of water, after having, every evening, tou id- 
 cd w"th .1 success with a li;ie of two hundred fi-. 
 ♦horns, since thtir departure froA the c(m*i cf Nor- 
 
 
 4' 
 
2^1 
 
 LA PEYROUSE 
 
 VOYAGE 
 
 I '^' 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 folk Island. On the 23CI of January, they arrived 
 with si_^ht of Bot:iny B^y. Tiie land is not of any 
 extraordinary elevation i and is scarcely visible be- 
 yond the distance of twelve Ica'jfues out at sea. In 
 their near approach to the Bay, they met with cur- 
 rents by which they were continually drifted south- 
 ward from their reckoning. On the 24th they plied 
 for the whole day to windward, in si^ht of the Bay, 
 without beinir able to double Point Solander. This 
 day, they perceived an English Hect at anchor in 
 Botany Bay ; and could discern its colours and pen- 
 dents. At nine on the mornini,; of the 26th, they 
 dropped anchor in seven fathoms water over a but- 
 torn of grey sand, ahrcnj} of the fccond hay. An 
 English lieutenant and midshipman came on board, 
 as tliey entered the mouth of the channel j inform- 
 ed the French commander, that they were sent by 
 C 'ptain l-'uNTiiR. ommanding the Sirius English 
 fiigate •, and making oft'er of every service which 
 Captain Huntlr's circumstances could permit him 
 to rcndei them. Deserters from the English set- 
 tlement, which wa% at tlis time just forming under 
 Governor Philips, afterwards gave the French no 
 small trouble. 
 
 The ! njrlish having gone from Botany Bay to 
 Port Jack.^ n. M de la Pcyrouse halted for some 
 lime in that ha\ . A sort of intieiichment with 
 |)a.l sadtN was formed on shore, for the purpose of 
 securing th- Freiuh durln. their slay, from the mis- 
 chit vnus iittacks of the natives. 'I'hcse people threw 
 spcais at them, afttr itceiving their presents and 
 c^rcMcs. It wus the d'.ttrmiuHtiun of the French 
 
 theii 
 ral R] 
 
 knovvi 
 
 Boii^ 
 
 Lone 
 
 tain . 
 
 been 
 
 *vhich 
 
 B(jwci 
 
 "f La 
 
 we pov 
 
 »"i" unc 
 
 
ROUND THE \VORLD, 
 
 225 
 
 vcd 
 
 any 
 5 be- 
 lli 
 
 cur- 
 juth- 
 plied 
 
 Bay, 
 
 This 
 lor in 
 d pen- 
 , they 
 a bol- 
 An 
 
 board, 
 inform- 
 ent by 
 
 n^lis>H 
 which 
 
 it hitn 
 
 •.sh set- 
 lo under 
 
 ;ncU no 
 
 Bay to 
 Tor homc 
 hit will) 
 Irpose of 
 
 the roib- 
 |k threw 
 
 •i\ts and 
 French 
 
 commander to sail from Botany Bay on the 15th of 
 March 1 ,SS •, and he had hope.; of aniving, in the 
 
 month of Deceml^tr, at the Isle ok Fkance. 
 
 M. 
 
 de Clonaid was iiere atlvanccd to the command of 
 L'Astrohibe. From tills station were ti aiistnittcd 
 home the la'^t letters atid journals wliich have been 
 received in France fiom the unfortunate La Pty- 
 
 d tl 
 
 rou^^e, aiul the compations or liis \'oyat(e 
 
 ofh 
 
 nav 
 
 Kvery thing concurs to persuade us. that they 
 all, pciishcd by shipwreck. No accounls 
 
 lave 
 
 )cen 
 
 obti 
 
 unci 
 
 conccrninrr 
 
 th 
 
 cm. 
 
 Capt 
 
 am 
 
 UowEN, in December 1791, on his return from l*oit 
 Jackson to Bombay, perceived, on the coast of Nkw 
 Georgia, in the eastern ocoan, the wreck of a ^hlp 
 which he judged to be of French constiuction, float- 
 ing upon the waters. From the signs of the na'ivts, 
 he learned that European ships had touched on 
 their coast j and he perceived, in their hands, seve- 
 va\ articles of iron and glass-ware. Tlie only ships 
 known to have navij;atcd these seas, are — those of 
 Bougainville, — the Alexander.— the Fiiendship of 
 London,— those of La Pcyrouse,— and that of Cap- 
 tain Bowen. As the rest arc known not to have 
 heen wrecked in these seas •, the only infcrcicc 
 which remains, U\ that the wreck xvhich Captain 
 Bowen sa r, must have been the wreck of the ships 
 of La Pevrou^f. I his is the only probability which 
 we possess concerning tiie fate of this great naviga- 
 tor and his companions. 
 
 imBLE 
 
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ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
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252 
 
 LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAO E 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT 
 
 or 
 
 A NARRATIVE 
 
 OV 
 
 S3 
 
 AN INTERESTING VOYAGE 
 
 FROM 
 
 %J^ 
 
 i >| 
 
 JMANILtA, THE CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, TO 
 
 San Blaz, on the western coast of Mexico ; which 
 
 •WAS PERFORMED IN THE YEARS I78I AND I782, BY THE 
 
 Stanisii Frigate La Princesa, 
 
 under the command op 
 
 m 
 
 iffi 
 
 DON ANTONIO MAURELLE: 
 
 (transmitted to FRANCE IN MANUSCRIPT, AMONG Tilt 
 PAPSRS OF M. OE LA PeYROUSE.] 
 
 I 
 
 :;i 
 
 I,*' 
 
 
V O Y A G E 
 
 ot 
 
 DON v\NTONIO ^fAURELr>K. 
 
 ♦'■^ 
 
 '■1 
 
 IN tliC month of August in the year 1781, the 
 PRtKCiTSA frigate was fitted out by the governor of 
 Manilhi, for an expedition of wliich the desipm was 
 liept secret, I'he command w?s intrusted to Don 
 Antonio Maurelle j and he received, at the same 
 time, a sealed pacl^ct, which he was ordered not 
 to open, till he should be ten leagues of distance out 
 at sea, from the port of Covite, He put to sea on 
 the i^th of August. On the 25th, at the prescrib- 
 ed distance from Cavite, he opened the packet ; and 
 found it to contain instructions directing him to re- 
 juir to the port of Sisiran, on the eastern coast of 
 Luconia, and there await the farther orders, of Go- 
 vernment. Adverse winds and calms soon inter- 
 vened to retard his progress. W hilc he wroLi(;ht to 
 windward, a current from the po'nt of K^carscOf 
 carried the vessel backwads. (.)n the 2(jth, at two 
 o'clock in the morning, i)c w.is obliged to tasL an- 
 chor near that point. On tiie 30th, at half after 
 tlirce in the morning, the win»! cliangcd to the west, 
 uitli a degree of vioh nee uhich djovc tlie frigate 
 from her anchors. At leng'h, with grc.it dJl'iculty, 
 and with the loss of some anchors and cables, the 
 , jint was doubUd, At tight o'clock, on the even- 
 
 
262 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 ing of the 31st, they came to anchor under shelter 
 of the isLmd of Tiaco. On the ist of September, 
 they proceeded on their course. About six o'clock 
 in the evening of the 2d. they reached the harbour 
 
 of S18IRAN. 
 
 On the 3d, Don Antonio Maurellc came to ta- 
 chor, and moored the vessel in the best manner p()<>^ 
 siblc, as he was here to aw-iit the final orders of the 
 Governor of IVIainlU. In the interval, he endea- 
 voured to discipllae his crew, that they might be 
 prepared to resist any hostile attack in the course 
 of their destined expedliion. He wrote also, to in- 
 form the _f7ovcrnor of his arrival at Sisivaa j and to 
 request his farther orders. 
 
 Contiguous to Sisiran are some very high moun- 
 tains, which const?aitly preserve much humidity in 
 the climate, and appear to occasion violent hurri- 
 canes, which are frequent here. The wetness of 
 the weather began already to affect the seamen of 
 the Princesa with disease j and one man died dur- 
 ii.g their delay here. The nearest inhabited parts 
 of the island are at more than thirty leagues of dis- 
 tance from Sisir.in. Steep mountains, and passes 
 occupied by the savage natives, lie between. Here, 
 the Spanish captain found the utmost dilliculty to 
 procure the refreshments requisite for a voyage of 
 considerable length. Tlie Alcade of the province, 
 at the request of Mr Maurelle, furnished him with 
 cables to replace those which had been lost. An- 
 chors, however, were not here to be obtained. 
 
 On the loth of November, an oilicer arrived, and 
 put into the hands of Captain Maurelle, a large bo <, 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 263 
 
 I' 
 
 .' ■■" » i 
 
 moun- 
 llty In 
 [hurri- 
 ss of 
 n of 
 dur- 
 parts 
 ■ dis- 
 misses 
 -lere, 
 ty to 
 ge of 
 vince, 
 with 
 An- 
 
 il, and 
 
 e bo <f 
 
 containing some dispatches relative to the service of 
 his Catholic Majesty. These he was charged from 
 the governor j:jencral of the Philippine Isles, to con- 
 vey with all possible speed to his Excellency, the 
 Viceroy of Mexico For this end. he was, without 
 delay, to sail, for either the port of San Blaz or 
 AcAPULco, as he himself should find convenient. 
 Such a voyage, unless to ships settlni^ out in the be- 
 ginning of June, 3'. d sailing with '.he westerly winds 
 which then bl'^w, to the east of the Marian Islands, 
 had been hitherto j'dged impracticable. Don An- 
 toiiio Maurelle, tiuretore, justly cr»nsicered him- 
 self as engaging in a voyage absolutely new, in the 
 course of which he \voul(l be obliged to sail in a 
 tract over the ccein which n) f>rmer navigator had 
 tried. Zeal for ihe service of his sovereign, how- 
 ever, animateu V.Ira to encounter every difficulty. 
 His personal (' vpcrience had acquainted him with 
 these seas as far as to New Britain. The charts of 
 M. de Bougainville and others, v,'ere adapted to af- 
 ford him s(jtne farther dlrtction. Unfortunately, 
 In the port From which he was now to sail, It was 
 impossible to obtain an aderpiate supply of the ne- 
 cessaries for the VON age. 'i'heir bread began al- 
 ready to be exceedingly injured by insects. Of 
 v.'ater, they could not conveniently stow more on 
 board than sev:-nty pipes and forty barrels. The 
 cord:ige wis very infirm, in want of t ir, they were 
 obliged to accept pitch. In the very outset of his 
 vcvrtiip, Captain Maurelle saw it necessary to pre- 
 pare for encountering caL.mltlc's In the course of it, 
 
 €' J, 
 
 i' 
 
 fe 
 
 n 
 
 
;2(54 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 I 
 
 On tlie 2rst day of November, 1780, the ^lacc- 
 sa frigate sailed from the port of Sisirau for vSaa 
 Blaz, on the western coast of America. She was 
 wafted by fine breezes from the E. N. E. and E. 
 Mr Maurelle endeavoured to get to the northward. 
 On the 30th, he found himself in 16*^ 14' N. Lat. 
 The winds and high swelling seas retarded the pro- 
 gress of the vessel, and at times diverted her from 
 her course, so that, on the 9th of December, she was 
 still within sight of the island of Catanduanes, one 
 of the Philippines. Tolerably fresh breezes from 
 the south and west, now enabled them to run to 
 the eastward til! the 14th of December. New va- 
 riations of the wind soon o^^liged them to run to I'ne 
 southward. The charts uhich they had on board, 
 represented different i.lrinds none of which appear- 
 ed as lying within sight of the tract over which 
 they passed het'veen the 18th and the 21st. But, 
 the short and heavy billows which now rolled a- 
 round th^m, were such as mu't ccrtditily have been 
 produced by the proximity of the Carolinil Islls, 
 or the New FaiLippiNK"^, i'hcy crossed the Lini: 
 on the 29th, and ent*. red the southern hemisphere. 
 Mr Maurelle s 111 made It his ))riucipal obj; ct to 
 steer southward, till he mi^lu f.dl in with the west- 
 erly winds, such as arc naturally to be expected in 
 high latitudes *, yet varied his course in complIrti.ee 
 with the frequent variati las of ti^e breeze;s to wi.ich 
 he was, in the mean time, exposed. In this course, 
 many large trunks of trees, birds of difiw-reiit spe- 
 cies, boobie*, and ihuse fjv.li which the bpauiuiJ.^ 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 265 
 
 or Saa 
 he was 
 and E. 
 :lnvard. 
 L Lat. 
 .lie pro- 
 er from 
 she was 
 <ES, cue 
 es from 
 rua to 
 '^ew va- 
 Lin to the 
 1 board, 
 I appeav- 
 ;r which 
 But, 
 oiled a- 
 ive been 
 
 LiNi: 
 
 'sphere, 
 bj.ct to 
 he \\■e^t- 
 tctt^d in 
 mpliiii'Ce 
 to \v',,ich 
 s cuur^^t, 
 cut spc- 
 paniurd.^ 
 
 n^me^l^omifiicos^ were often seen by the ship's corr- 
 pany, while they sailed on. 
 
 On the 7th of January, they saw the Thou'-and 
 Isles of BougalnvilL, of which the most northern, 
 is, in his chart, placed in i° ic' S. and in the Lon- 
 gitude of i; 9" 30' E. from Paris. They coasted 
 alonjT these isles, at a small distance from the shore, 
 took many bearings, and determined, as Mr Mau- 
 lelle believes, with great precision, the positions 
 of twenty nine of them. These isles are, all, low, 
 covered with trees, and some of them conj nned by 
 intermediate reefs of rocks. The sea breaks over 
 these rocks', and they are not visible at any great 
 distance. Sailing within two miles from the r: 1st 
 northerly of them, the Spanish mariners could per- 
 ceive many fires blazhig on those which were the 
 \ost easterly. Nor was it possible to withhold from 
 surprize, r»t perceiving such narrow spots inhabi- 
 ted. Steering soon after, east by north, they dis- 
 covered, on the 8th of January, S. 3^ E. at the dis- 
 tance of five leaffues, two islets, to vNhich Mr Mau- 
 
 ill( 
 
 relle gave the common name or 1-1ermitanos 
 
 f Hi 
 
 lliat 
 
 evening, they saw also the Anchjrlts o*-' Bougain- 
 ville, precisely in the latitude mentioned by that 
 voyager •, and almost at the same instant, four small 
 isles to the eastward, on which was im^o^ed tlic 
 
 name o 
 
 f M 
 
 ONAGOS. 
 
 Bearing away from these isles for the North Cape 
 of New Britain, they discovered, on the loth, at 
 day-break, other Isles lying S. S. E. On this and 
 the following day, they ran along the length of the 
 most western of these new isles, at a moderate dii- 
 
 U 
 
 •An 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 'v.*1 
 
2S6 
 
 \ OYACi; FROM MANILLA 
 
 tance from its shorr. Its northern coast Is eleven 
 leagues in lengtli. J^eyond the plains adj.icent to 
 the sea-shore, several hills were seen to rise to a 
 considerable elevation. Four low isles, covered 
 Asith tr( .s, and with a coast free from reefs, came 
 i?i view successively, while the frigate sailed on. It 
 i^ not Improbcible but the cliannels between these 
 jsles m;<y aflord good anchorage, in which ships 
 may be suiricieutly protected from both sea and 
 
 wind. From'' these itles, there came out, 
 
 on 
 
 th( 
 
 I ith, twelve canoes, with a number of the islanders 
 im board j >\ho earnestly craved food from the 
 ISpanish sailors. Some cocoa-nuts, with a few pie- 
 ces of biscuit, were thrown out to tliem, and vora- 
 ciously acccj)ttd. With long hatchets which they 
 bore, they made every eftort to drag away a net 
 with some garden-stufVs, which they saw suspend>d 
 from the poop of the frigate. Their weapons were 
 slender arrow- like darts, pointed with clumsy (lints. 
 'I'luy had also fishing nets. It should seem th;it 
 they live in a conditiun of extreme misery. Fish- 
 ing is undoubtedly their piinclpal resource fur the 
 jncars of subsistence. To the largest of these isles, 
 Captain Maurcllc gave the name of Don Joslimi 
 Basco. Of those twt), wliith lay the farthest to the 
 to the South, he gave to the most westerly, the 
 iiame of San IVIi(;uel j to the most easterly, tijat of 
 jkSLis IMaiua. To two other isles, at two miles dli- 
 tpnte, along the coasts of which the fiig.ite sailed,— 
 he gave — to the mojc easterly the name of San Ra- 
 phael, — to the more westerly, that of San (jadiuil. 
 A number tf other islc!> contiguous to these, t«iual- 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 267 
 
 iMfM 
 
 ly nttracted the notice of IVIr Mauitile, while he 
 sailed on j and were distint^uished by lu-w names. 
 
 On the 1 2th, after passinir within view of a very 
 small islet, he ^descried the isle of Matthias, which 
 the French cliirt places to the north of New Bri- 
 
 tain. 
 
 Saili 
 
 \l^^ omvards, in the same direction, 
 
 tl 
 
 le^ 
 
 discovered, at lcn'4tli, the French Isle of bTORMS, 
 almost oncealed from observation, by means of the 
 fo);s in which it was involved, and of the rain and 
 blasts of wind which they met with in its vicinity. 
 On the 13th of January, an extensive coast nro.>.e to 
 view. Clouds, (oy,s, and tornidoc.i, filled the south- 
 ern hemisphere of the horizon. In this st:ite of tiie 
 weather, it was dilhcult to distin^fuisli what liiid 
 this coast might be. Yet, judging from all appear- 
 ances, it could hardly be other than that of Ni:\v 
 Britain. Continuing their course, they daily dis- 
 covered a diversity of i^lets, which they believed to 
 
 be hitherto unki 
 
 to El 
 
 ill 
 
 .nown 
 
 last they came within fi^^ht of nine islets, which 
 they supposed to be the Outo.no-Java of the French 
 chart. These isles were perceived to be surround- 
 td by a sand-bank, which was not visible beyond 
 the distance of two miles from the shore. Near 
 the edges of the bank, several small rocks raiie 
 their heads disccriiibly above the water. On the 
 southern side of thii bank, is a narrow opening, op- 
 ])0site to which Mr Maurtllc found the latitude to 
 be 4" ^3', at two cables' lcn«;th from the entrance. 
 The entrance le>\ds to a «,'ulph, in which the sea is 
 entirely caini^ and where sliips may sifely ride at 
 uuchur, duriiijj tlie time necessary to t.ikc in wood 
 
 \ i 
 
 I. !■; 
 
 m 
 
 'lli 
 
.268 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 and water. To the north, this gulph is sheltered 
 by the islets. '1 he Spnni^h cominnndcr gnve it the 
 name of Puerta i.\ I^rincksa. From these islets, 
 more than sixty canoes came out to within a mus- 
 ket shot of tlic frit^atc. Init the wind, at thiit in- 
 stant, blew loo favourably to leave it e!iifiblc for 
 the Sjianiaids to wait their nearer approach. On 
 the islets fippc.ir«,'d palm irces, the fruit of whicii, 
 with the |irodiice of their ii'^hinj^s, arc their only 
 probable means for support. 
 
 I'^roni Outonj^- Ja\'M, the Princesa ^va,s carried on- 
 ward by winds wliich, duiiiig the ilay, v.crc gentle 
 and favourable, but became violent in the night. A- 
 midst so many isles, tlie progress by nif;ht was ex- 
 ceedingly d-angcrous ; i)Ut the whole ship*s company 
 were vigilant, and h.ippily proceeded without sud- 
 den misfortatjc. O;^ the night of the 22d, they ob- 
 served the billows to break with terrible fury on 
 a shoal of rocks, to which tliey gave the name of 
 The Snorer, and bore away fiom it with all po>.si- 
 blc haste. Durin;^ the remaining part of January, 
 the winds blew faintly, varying between the points 
 of N. N. VV. and N. E. 'I'hese occasioned the fri- 
 ^jatc to tend, in its progress, still farther and farther 
 sjuthward. Efforts uerc, from time to time, made, 
 but with little success, to bend their truck, as they 
 went on, again towards the Line Seeing the voy- 
 age thus prol'jngcd, Captain INlaurellc, from the 
 30th of January, used the precaution of lessening, 
 by two ounces, tlie daily allowance of bread to each 
 man. On the i6lh of February, findinir that the 
 wwnthrr did not become more favourable*, thattluy 
 
;!f'4 
 
 voy- 
 
 |> eacll 
 
 ir ilic 
 
 ll tlilV 
 
 TO SOUTH AM K MCA. 
 
 cfip 
 
 were still far distant from the place of thtir destina- 
 tion J and thfit there did not now remain on board pre- 
 visions for more than tliree months : ht thought pro- 
 per to reduce the total daily allowance to two-thirds 
 of what it had hitherto been. The ship was unhappi- 
 ly infested wiih cock- roaches, wliich committed the 
 most destructive depredations on the casks of bis- 
 cuit. IVIany of the water-caFks had aUo leaked out 
 the greater part of their contents, and had become 
 cntiri:ly unfit for iurtlier use. I\Ir IVIaurelle was, 
 therefore, induced to make sail for Sojlomon's I">- 
 LANDS, In order to replace the water which he had 
 lost. But the north easterly winds blowing v'ithout 
 interruption, still drove the vessel, in spite of every 
 elfort, southward, (hi the 20th of Tcbruary, they 
 were seventeen leigues westward fiom Cace Santa 
 Crc/, or Gl'adalcavar. JUicczcs from the K. N 
 E and E. soon made them lose all hopes of gainin^j 
 Solomon's Isles. It was determined, aa the last re. 
 souice, to proceed farther southward, till they should 
 fall in with those isles of joy and abundance, whicli 
 have been so much celebrated by the English navi- 
 i;.itors. The sailors heard the determination witli 
 extraordinary joy. A small island was seen on the 
 i6lh of Eebiuary ; and, there, they inst mtly flatter- 
 ed themselves, tliat llicy should meet the ample 
 matilication of their wishes in th- relief of iheii* 
 wants. But this isle was utterly l^arren j nor did 
 its coast art'ord anchorage for n shij»'s boat. In the 
 bitterness of their dissappointment, they jjavc it thr: 
 inauspicious name of AMARiijRA, 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 W: 
 
 1' 111 
 
 IJ' 
 
 ¥ 
 
 'tl 
 
■J.JO 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 On the 27th, however, was discovered an island 
 cf fairer aspect. Its summit had a burnt appear- 
 ance •, but its slope was Interestingly covered with 
 trees and verdure. In particular, many cocoa nut- 
 trees were seen upon it. The faintness with which 
 the wind blew, but very imperfectly aided the ca- 
 jfcrness of the Spanisli crew, to approach the shore 
 wf this isle. But a number of canoes soon came out 
 from its western side, with cocoa-nuts and bananas, 
 u'hicli were readily bartered with the strangers. 
 'J'he islanders came on board the frigate j and one, 
 who seen)ed to possess superior authority, expressed 
 the most friendly sentiments towards the Spaniards, 
 danced and sang upon the dtek, and gave to l\lr 
 IMaurelle, among other [)resents, a large piece of 
 }.lutV, resemb'ing bl-^tting paper. His presents were 
 amply compensated. He informed them, that the 
 isle was named Latte *, that he himself was its 
 Chief; that it was al)undant in fruits and fresh-wa- 
 ter ; and thiit anchoiing-groimd might be found on 
 its coast. No ouch nnchorlng-ground could, how- 
 ever, be discovered. But in their stretches round 
 the isle, tlie Spanish navigators descried, at twelve 
 leagues distance to the E. N. E. other isles of low- 
 er elev.nion, but larger extent, between which there 
 were channels, which raigiit aiVord slielter to ship- 
 ping. They directed their course towards tlicse 
 isles. On the 4th t)f March, they conducted the 
 frigate up a small entrance formed by the isles to 
 tlic N. W., and anchored at a short distance from 
 land, in foity five fatlioms water. From this an- 
 choriigc were seen, v/ilhin the gulph, houses, plantr.- 
 
■H 
 
 TO SOUTH AM E 5. IC A, 27 1 
 
 tions of banana and cocoa-trees, with very flatterincj 
 appearances of water. Various harbourr., where the 
 ship might find shelter, were liiccivise discovered a- . 
 midst this groupe of isles. In the evening, they 
 moved from their first station •, and on the ^th, at 
 day-break, anchored in twenty-three fathoms depth 
 of water, over a bottom of sand and stones, at the 
 diitance of but two cables length fiora an inhabited 
 shore. 
 
 While they were cominsj up into this station, from 
 fifty to an hundred canoes came daily out to them, 
 with hogs, fowls, bananas, cocoas, and potatoes of 
 extraordinary size. Cloths made from the bark of 
 j)dlm-tree, and others of dilTcrcnt sorts, were like- 
 wise oilVred by the natives. In exchange, they ask- 
 ed hatchets, knives, ami other cutting instruments j 
 but these Captain IMauiclle strictly forbade his crew 
 to give. 1 he Spriniards cut down their shirts, trow- 
 sers, and jackets *, and for these, were obtained hogs 
 and other refreshments. The islanders who came 
 on board, solicited l\Ir Maurelle to carry his ship 
 into the middle of their Archipelago. The Chiefs 
 readily sate down at his table, but would eat of no- 
 thing save their own fruits. The women likewise vi- 
 sited tlie Spaniards, and iippcared to be not at ill dis- 
 agreeable in form and fcatutts. They wore a sort 
 of petticoat encircling their waist to the knees j and 
 the nun had on a similar dress. Some of the men 
 meH!»ured t.ix feet four inches in stature, and were 
 proportionately thick and robust. The lowest in 
 statute of the islanders, was taller than the tallest 
 of tlic Spaaish crew. A vrcscnt ot" fruits was scut 
 
 K^' 
 
 f. 
 
 .»■'■ 
 
 . I 
 
272 
 
 V Y A C. K FROM MANILLA 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 to the Spnnisli commander from the Tt non, or Grci.t 
 Chief, by ihc haiuls (»f liis son. '1 he youth was 
 courteously roccivetl j and seemed to be wcll-pleas- 
 cd with liis reception. At eii;ht o'cU)ck, next morn- 
 ing, more tlian a hundrcil canoes, with a grcnt noiso 
 of the persons who maimed them, came around the 
 ship. 1 he Tunou was now on his way to visit ti.e 
 strangers. He \vas an old myn, of enormous bulk. 
 .l)Ut, the inferior chirfs lifted him on boardihe ship< 
 He was accompanied by his wife, a young woman 
 of singular beauty, and apparently not above twen- 
 ty-five years of age. The king and (jueen seated 
 themselves on the watch bene.li, while their attend- 
 ants, prostrating themselves before them, kissed the 
 feet cf the I'uHou. The Tunou brought a laigc ca- 
 noe filled with potatoes, as a present to the stran- 
 gers. Captain IMaurelle giatefully adorned both 
 him and his spouse, each, with a llame-coloured silk 
 scarf, reaching from the neck to the waist, and hav- 
 ing two piastres, imjirtsscd \v'ith the image of th.c 
 Spanish inonarch, suspemled by a carnation- ribbon, at 
 
 the 1 
 
 uwer cxtremitv, 
 
 Reab 
 
 wu 
 
 htl 
 
 le same imiircii 
 
 sion, were, at the same lime, distributed to the at- 
 tendants of the royal pair, 'lluse attendants shew- 
 ed the m*>st profound deference for the Sovereign j 
 and were by him treated with an air of the most ck- 
 alted superiority. 'Iliey all beheld, with wonder,' 
 the equipment of the frigate, and the vatious tilings 
 which were shewn to then) in the cabin, 'i'hey went 
 awny, at last, with professions of the warmest friend- 
 ship, and certainly not ill satisfied with their recep- 
 tion, To prevent quarrels, Mr I\T \urellc had the prc^ 
 
TO SOUTH AMHRrcA. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 caution to tineaten tlic severest punishments against 
 \vhoevcr of the crrw sh(niUI ^Ive the islanders the 
 slightest oftcnce •, and, Ht the same time, ciutioncd liis 
 lin)i?!c to keep vl;;ilantly un ihiir giiavd. lie diiec.t- 
 <i! soMU; cannon-shots to he fiied aj!;alnst the rocks, 
 for tlie purpose of ^fivinir the liullnns an Id«M of the 
 po^^•«l• of the Spanisli lire-arms. Tliey hiheld, with 
 adnaration and dieaJ, those fraujments of r(n k, n'hith 
 \v(.i«> da'^hed olV and scattered about, hy the impulse 
 
 'F the halh 
 
 Twelve or tifleen hundred of the i^- 
 
 1 mJiCrs witnessed the discharge : And it produced, 
 on their tniiid><, all the enV-ct thnt was desired fioni 
 it. On tlie 6th, Captain Mnuvcllc selected, from 
 among h;H ship's company, fifteen men, Hnned thein 
 with pistols, swordii, musket?, cattridges, nnd Arm- 
 ing the long boat with iwivcls, set out in it for the 
 shore, accompanied by this party. The beach 
 ivherc they landed, was crowded with men and wo. 
 men. These Mr Maurelle obliged to lemove to a 
 suitable distance. He then Brranged h's men under 
 arms, and pointed his swivels against the crowd, to 
 be discharged upon tiiem, if any unhappy ncctdent 
 sliould render thi- ueccs»ary. The son of the Tu« 
 Bou ofiered to conduct one of the Spaniards to a 
 hlrcam of water j but the Spaniard, soon beginning 
 to suspect some bad artifice, dcf.i^♦>d from following 
 the young man. A well, dug on the strand, yielded 
 only brakish water unfit to be drunk. Mr iMau- 
 relle, therefore, directed another pit to be dug, at t\ 
 greater distance from the edge of the sea. This Ir. 
 bourcoulduolbc at this time completed. ( h\ the 7th, 
 
 - 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 1 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 
 r: 
 
 d 
 
 ffli 
 
 i 
 
274 
 
 VOYAGE FRCM MANNILLA 
 
 the long-boat, with a well-armed detachment, repair- 
 ed again to the shore. The difjging of the pit wns 
 renewed*, and it was, at last, left in a condition which 
 promised to afford water on the day following. 1 l;e 
 TuBou now vi5.ited the Spaniards on the shore. 
 His attendants were numerous •, evidently persons 
 of rank. *, and some of tiiem, venerable old men. 
 He embraced Mr Maurelle with the same affection 
 as formerly. '1 lie royal attendants seated them- 
 selves in a circle on the ground. Two carpets of 
 palm-stuff were brought. The king sat down on 
 one of these j and he invited the Spanish command- 
 er to scat himself on his right hand, upon the other. 
 All around remained in profound silence, while 
 the TuBou spoke, and the venerable old men who 
 sat near him, repeated all his words, exactly as he 
 uttered them. Roots, probably of the ^va^ were 
 brought. From these, a nauseous bitter drink was 
 prepared : And in vessels made of leaves of the ba- 
 r ina-tree, this drink was, by young cup bearers, 
 presented, first, to the Tuflou and Mr Maurelle, af- 
 terwards, in order, to those who sat around tliem, 
 Only a select number were permitted to taste this 
 tiectar of the p'eat^ among these islanders. He who 
 sat among the Tueon's officers, the nearest to the 
 royal person, pointed out, as if ollicially, to the cup- 
 bearers, to whom they were to serve the ava, Mr 
 Maurelle declined tasting it. Those who drank of it, 
 appeared to writhe thfir countenances with disgust 
 at its loathsome bitternes?;. Boiled potatoes and ripe 
 bananas were then set before the Spanish Captain; 
 and of theic he ate. Two canoes, laden with simi- 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 279 
 
 lir provisions for his soldiers, were soon after seen 
 to arrive. After the entertainment, the Tubou re- 
 turned to his own habitation. Mr MaureTe re- 
 turned the visit J and was courteously received by 
 the monarch. boon after his arrival at the royal 
 habitation, the beautiful queen made her appear- 
 ance. Before her walked eight or ten young girls, 
 who might be, each, from sixteen to eighteen years 
 of age. Some of them drove away the flies from 
 incommoding her j on others slie leaned while she 
 Wiilked J all were employed in menial services a- 
 bout her person. She was wrapped in several dif- 
 ferent mantles, which gave a considerable bulkintss 
 to her form. She received the strangers with a 
 jsmiling countenance ; uttering the words, lile\'^ 
 liiey^ liiy\ which were understood to signify xvei' 
 came. 1 he king was so ready to strip hlmsclt of 
 his garments, to bestow thc*se upon his visitors j 
 that, after this first visit ot ceremony, Mr Maurclle, 
 in delicacy, avoided as much as possible, 'to give 
 him occasion for bestowing favours, so costly to the 
 'I'uuau, of so imall value to his guests. 1 he Tu- 
 Eou bestowed, at this fust visit, upon his Spanish 
 friend, two large fishes of the ^////>tw</ species, and 
 a stalV painted witli divers colours. On the 8tli, 
 the pit which the Spaniards had dag on shore, was, 
 
 to their great joy, 
 
 lilkd 
 
 up with water. 
 
 Tl 
 
 le na- 
 
 tives s^w this with extreme astonishment. The 
 Spaniards filled their casks. Jkit, this water was 
 still so brikish, as not to be worth shipping. Nevv 
 tupplies of provisions, were, on tliis day, a;;ain re- 
 ci:ived from the bounteous hospitality of the king 
 
 •i'M 
 
 41 
 
 t 
 
 ; 11 
 
 «ih 
 
 ii 
 
2^6 
 
 V O Y A G J£ FROM MANILLA 
 
 aud queen : And Indeed, they never failed to send 
 to Mr Maurelle, every evening, a large quantity of 
 boiled or roasted potatoes. 
 
 r Fi(!.ding the water which was to be procured near 
 the sliore, in thfs isle, to be exceedingly improper, 
 on^ account of its brakish qualities, for the use of 
 his ship's company •, Mr Maurelle was induced to 
 weigh anchor, and proceed to another bay about a 
 league and a half or two leagues distant from that 
 in which he had fust attempted to supply himself 
 with water. But, in drawing up the anchor, the 
 cable unluckily broke j and the anchor was, in con- 
 sequence, lost. The new bay was happily shelter- 
 ed both from the tempestuous swellings of the bil- 
 lows, and from whatever w'as to be dreaded from 
 the winds. It afl\jrded anchorage In thirty two fa- 
 thoms depth of w;ter, over a bottom of sand mix- 
 ed with sttmcs. On the 9th, the Spanish crew be- 
 gan to take in their water. The watering-place was 
 but a few yards distant from the beach. The 
 islanders o!)Ii,;ingly aided them in rolling their casks 
 between the watering phice and the shore. On the 
 joth, nth, and i th, they took in as much water 
 as they desiieJ. The friendly intercourse was still 
 continued i)etween thcra and tlie natives. Oi the 
 natives, many would pass the night on board, with 
 perfect contidence in tlie Spaniards. — On tlie i;th, 
 the I'uBou invited the. strangers to a great cnter- 
 ta'nment. A spact* of ground was, for this pur- 
 pose, entirely cleared of the wood and shrubs \\\t\i 
 wliich it had been overgrown. Indians, in pairs, 
 brouglu lioni the '1 1' nut's house, a (juantiiy of po- 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 277 
 
 tatoes, bananas, cocoa nuts, and fishes, saspended 
 from poles, one of which was supported between the 
 opposite shoulders of every two of the bearers. All 
 these provisions were, by the Tubou's orders, pla- 
 ced In a large heap, of a cubical form, in the middle 
 of the space of ground which had been cleared out 
 for the entertainment. The pile was not less than 
 six feet in height. The Tubou came next, with the 
 same train of attendants as formerly. No fewer thaa 
 two thousand of the islanders thronged after. The 
 company seated themselves on carpets of the palm- 
 tree. The king, In a speech, then offered to the 
 Spaniards the heap of provisions which they saw 
 before them. And these were, therefore, without 
 delay, conveyed on board the boats. After this had 
 passed, the Tucou again made a speech j and the 
 old men, as formerly, repeated his words exactly 
 as he uttered them. Mr Maurelle and the Spa^ 
 niards knew not well to what all this might tend ; 
 but were on their guard, and ready to discharge 
 their pisto's and muskets, if any thing of hostility 
 should be attempted by the Indians. 
 
 While all was mute attention and suspense, there 
 advanced from among the ranks of the natives, a stout 
 young man, who laying his left hand on his breast, 
 struck his tlbow with the palm of his right h-ind. 
 To those who were not of his own tribe, he appear- 
 ed to address a variety of antic gambols. From a- 
 mong them, ')ne at length arose, and presented him- 
 self t ) notice, by similar gestures. These two im- 
 mediately began a wrestling- mntch. They closed 
 
 Z 
 
 I 
 
 
 '■a 
 ,^l ill' 
 
 m 
 
 '.(•i 
 
^73 
 
 V '/ A G E FROM MANILLA. 
 
 in with each other, body to body j and in all dlfter^ 
 ent directions, pressed and pulled one another with 
 an exertion by which the veins and muscles of their 
 bodies were, to an extreme degree, inflated and 
 strained. One of the wrestlers was at length thrown 
 to the ground He fell with a degree of violence 
 •which mude some of the Spanish spectators to fear 
 that he might never lise again. But he soon got 
 lip, and retired in disgrace, and ashamed, not dar- 
 ing once to look behind him. The concjueror then 
 paid his respects to the 1 ubou j and a song was 
 sung in honour of the contest. Other wrestlers 
 succeeded. The contests were prolonged for tlie 
 space of two hours.' One of tho^e who were en- 
 gaged, had an arm broken, otliers suffered by very 
 severe blows. Before the wrestling was terminated, 
 a different set of of combatants were seen to come 
 forward for contest. These had cords wrapped round 
 their fists, which might serve them, much as the 
 gauntlets of the ylthletce o{ ancient (ireece. Tliese, 
 in their contests presented a iorm of fi<;]i\ing more 
 awful than that of the wrestlers. They struck one 
 another on the forehead, the eye-brows, the check';, 
 :ind on every other part of the face. Some were 
 irrecoverably felled to the ground. '! lie specta- 
 tors seemed to regard the boxers with a degree 
 of respect, superior to that with which they had 
 looked upon the efforts of the wrestlers The fe- 
 male attenrlants belonging to the queen, as also 
 some other women, were witnesses of these spor- 
 live combats. 'I'he ladies were, upon tliis occasion, 
 arrnvcd In all ihwir ^;,aytst attlie. Their raanllcs; 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 27^ 
 
 were adjusted in neat phlts and folds j and were 
 fixed by a knot over the left shoulder : On their 
 heads, they wore garlands of flowers : Around their 
 necks, they had strings of large glass-beads : Their 
 hair was elegantly disposed in tresses : The skin 
 was in a state of exquisite cleanness : Their wliole 
 persons were perfumed with an agreeably fragrant 
 oil. They strove to win the attention of the Spanish 
 gentlemen j and certainly appeared, for this, only so 
 much the more attractive. At the kingN command, 
 some female combatants made, also, an exhibition 
 of a boxing-match. They fought with such fury, 
 that, if they had not been quickly parted, they 
 would hardly have left a .tooth in one another's 
 heads. But, at the request of Don Antonio Mau- 
 rel.le, these female combats were speedily put an 
 end to. An old womin, at the Tubou''s command, 
 sang, for the entertainment of the company. Wliilc 
 she sang, there was a cruet suspende.l from her 
 neck, probably to supply a fluid with which she 
 might, from time to time, moisten her mouth. She 
 sang for half an hour together, in a strain not un- 
 like the declamation of an actress on a theatre. 
 From the scene of the entertainment, Don Antonio 
 accompanied the Tubou to his house. The queen 
 there received him and her husband with her wont- 
 ed courtesy. When he asked why she had not been 
 present at the sports j she replied, that such amuse- 
 ments were far from being pleasing to her. The 
 TuDou now honoured his Spanish friend with tlie 
 name of hox.i, or son j and the ties of mutual friend- 
 ship seemed to be,'in this manner, drawn continually 
 
 Z 2 
 
 h 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 I, , ji-i 
 
 ''.:<. 
 
2to 
 
 VOYAGE FRO>I MANILLA 
 
 closer between them. Don Antonio soon took: 
 Jcave of his kind host, and returned on board the 
 ship. The Indians on the shore, treated the Spa- 
 niards, as they passed to their ships, with every 
 possible demonstration of friendly ivindness. The 
 conquerors in the games would obli,^e Don Anto- 
 
 nio, to permit them to convey hnn upon theiv 
 shoulders into the long-boar. But, the Tlbju per- 
 ceiving from his house, that the presence, and even 
 tlic kindnessei of bis people incommoded their 
 guests, come out with a rod in his hand, and, with 
 severe bealing, drove the v, hole crowd away into 
 tl: 
 
 c wootls. 
 
 All WIS now In readiness for the departure of the 
 Princcsa. On the 13th, Captain Maurelle liad re- 
 solved to sa',1. But, this day, gaits of wind fiom 
 the north, and from the N. W., blowing directly in- 
 to the mouth of the passage by which he was to sail 
 out, rendered his departure absolutely impossible. 
 The winds grew stiil stronger and stronger. And 
 though three anchiirs were down from the frigate, 
 yet the cable of her sheet-anchor give way. Ou 
 the 15th, the violence of the winds seemed to be sub- 
 dued. But, the failure of the cable of another of 
 the anchors, a^ain disconcerted Mr IM.itirflle, when 
 
 lie was about tu set sail. Ills cables uere all in an 
 exceedingly infirm state j and he had every rt.ison 
 to dread that his last anchor might soon also be lost. 
 V'or thj present occasion he had a cable fixed to the 
 nearest rock. 'I'hc people were again set to swce]) 
 for the two anchors which had been here lost. On 
 account of the uneasiness of mind which he felt frou\ 
 
w 
 
 TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 2^t 
 
 y 
 
 n 
 ' J 
 
 these ncciclents, he was hindered from avalllnpj lilm- 
 self of a new invitation of the Tudou's, to another 
 entertainment. But, tliis lilndcred not tlie Tunoit 
 from senchn^, every evenin:^, for the u>e of the Spa- 
 nlaius, two baskets of roots, with some fowls and 
 fish. All the provisions which had been collected 
 for the second entertainment, were, by the I'i'mou's 
 orders, carried on board the frigate. And the Tti- 
 
 and cnjov 
 
 tl 
 
 Bou came, tliere, severnl times 
 
 Itl 
 
 to d 
 
 ine 
 
 iiis afternoon's nap. On the i6th, Mr Manrclie 
 niTTiin made a fiultlcss attempt to leave the channel. 
 On the iSth, the ijrst pilot j:join_i,' out in the bou't, 
 liappily found another channel, throu'41; ^^hich tlu: 
 frigate might easily sail away. At two oVlocu 01 
 the afternoon of the I'^th, the I'linccsa hid, fortu- 
 nately, g)tten cle ir of all tlic islands. 1 he kin;;- 
 and queen took leave of Don Antonio, upon this 
 fmul separation, with the strongest e\prc>-vions of 
 kindness ai\d sorro'.v. Many of their subj'jct«i, in 
 thtii canoes, attended the course of the frigate, till 
 she had left all the isles behind iier, 'J'o ihe hiw- 
 hour, formed by three isles of consldrriiblc extent, 
 and a number of smaller ones, Captain i\laurell« 
 jravc tlie n.mc vd" I'.u Ufiuaro, It lies in ih^ 7,(f 
 
 S. liiit. in 1 
 
 7" S 
 
 I 
 
 on;r 
 
 M. fi 
 
 roni 
 
 1' 
 
 tliS. 
 
 'I'o the 
 
 whoh; cluster of i'^lcs, he gave the ti.ime of the 
 IsLLS 01 Don Map. riN de Majorca. It alVordfi 
 shelter frohi cvP>y stoim, bloving from whatever 
 *)uarter. Tlie ciiiiMncK to the N. W. and the S. \V, 
 by which si Ips ni ly enter or ilepait, aflord fifty- 
 five lathoms depth of water, over a tiiuty, stony, 
 gr gravrlly boltom. A sln'Ii.u- bottom, exl'.nJin^ 
 
 H 
 
 
 f 
 
282 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 to tlie very centre of the gulpli, has there thirty 
 five or forty fathoms depth of watery in some of 
 the creeks, the depth of the water is diminished to 
 twelve or fifteen fathoms. It is proper to keep the 
 . lead ^oing, while a ship seeks anchorage amidst 
 these isles. Nothing can exceed the fertility of 
 their soil. Cocoa-trees, banana-trees, lime-trees, 
 sugar-canes, with a diversity of other fiuit- bear- 
 ing trees, potatoes, with abundance of otler sweet 
 edible roots, grow here, almost spontaneously, 
 and in the greatest abundance. The cultiva- 
 tion is also wonderfully skilful. No weeds are suf- 
 fered among the plants, in the cultivated fields 
 There are roads in many directions, and in an ex- 
 cellent condition. It was with pleasure that Don 
 Antonio Maurellc found himself able to increase 
 to these islanders their stock of vegetables, by pre- 
 senting them with some maize, rice, and seeds, 
 which he directed them to plant, and txpl.iined 
 ihcir uses. Shrubs, of which the bark is uscjI in 
 the fabrication of their cloths, arc, also, among the 
 objects of their cultivation. The conduct of these 
 people was ever gentle and beneficent to the Spa- 
 niards, liut the Spanish commander was cautious 
 never to go on shore without an armed guard : and 
 he used every other feasible means, to inspire tliem 
 with respect for him and Iiis ship's company, 'I'hcy 
 were, however, almost all thieves. Clothes, iron- 
 work, whatever else tiicy could secretly seixc, never 
 failed to be made their pii^e, when they came on 
 board the frigate. TuBor, upon Captain Mnurellc's 
 complaluts g>we him [)cimi»!ii'Jh ;o iutlict instant 
 

 M 
 
 TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 283 
 
 punishment upon any of the islanders, whom he 
 should detect in sueh thefts. Some of them being 
 soon after surprized, in an attempt to tear away the 
 1 udder-chains, a pistol was fired, and one of the 
 thieves was killed. Those who beheld his fate, 
 were not roused to indignation against the Spa- 
 niards, but only said, Chi'to (signifying Robber) Fana 
 {Death'), It was impossible for the Spaniards to 
 discover, during their short stay, whether these peo- 
 ple professed any sort of religion. The sounds of 
 tbcir language were not didlcult of articulation to 
 the Spaniards •, nor did the islanders find any dilFi-i 
 culty in articulating the words of the Spanish lan- 
 guage. ]\Ir Maarelle was informed by ihcm, that 
 two European ships had, not very longljefore, touch- 
 ed at thc^e isles J and had supplied them, in Darter, 
 witli ghiss-beads, hatchets, and adzes. The chiefs 
 wear, aiound tiic neck, a mother-of pearl shell, and 
 have the little finger, oai botl\ hands, cut olV to its 
 root. The Tiuou promi icd to supply the Sprmiard"! 
 with a much greater abundance of provisions, if tliey 
 would carry their frigate towards the ordinary place 
 ol his abijdc. liat, with tins request, Ca\)tain Mail- 
 relic found it impossible to comply. Had it not 
 been for the unfortunate lo's ot the nncliors, nothing 
 could hive been happier than the period of the slay 
 of tl)e Spaniards in this harbour. All were agree- 
 ably refreshed : the scorbutic recovered health and 
 vigour: every thing was fairly obtained, at a price 
 the most trivial. 
 
 On the 20th of M^rcli, the Pilnccsa was clear of 
 of all these isles. She now x\v\ to the S. L. before 
 
 i, t' 
 
 « 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 i'\ 
 
 
284 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 on E. N. E. wind. In this course, there were soon 
 descried, first, o«(f lofty isle, afterwards three other"-, 
 extending between S. and W. S. W. In the isles 
 nearest to the ship, were seen, as she advanced, about 
 eight and forty fires. At sun- rise, on the 21st, they 
 counted to the number of ten islands, on one hand, 
 and six on the other. These they crossed to the 
 southward, through large channels, which are in- 
 terposed between them. Arriving, in their farther 
 progress, in a vast gulph, they there discovered, at 
 five or six leagues distance, a multitude of isles, l)ing 
 in a circular arrangement around it. Surrounded by 
 so many low isles, Mr IVIaurelle now endeavoured to 
 pass out from the gulph, by some of the many chan- 
 nels which opened among them. But he soon 
 found every opening to the southward to be barred 
 by dreadful hrcalrrs^ against all access of the fri- 
 gate. l^Ie then directed his course westward, to- 
 wards the lofty isle which h id first attracted tiie no- 
 lice of himself and his ship's company. By sun-rise, 
 on the ensuing morning, while the frigate approach- 
 ed this isle, various canoes were seen to come out 
 with fruits and other j)i'ovisions, such as had been 
 obtained in the i^lcs recently left. For slueds of 
 cloth, the biding of these canoes was readily pur- 
 chased. The ruoo'j of these iiles sent out two hops 
 •and surnc cocoanuts, to the Spanish commander^ 
 ■^vith a message, inviting him to visit t)ic isle on 
 ^hich that Cliief had liin residence. Afterwards, 
 this Tunju came himself on board. He had heard 
 of the visit of the vSpnniards to his neighbours, and 
 seemed to be jealous of llic favour which the other 
 T'.'iou had obtaiuei \NltU tlic Spaniards by his hos-* 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 ■■«s 
 
 pitallty to them. The Indians agreed in informing 
 the bpan aids, that it would be impossible for their 
 ship to pass safely out from among these isles, o- 
 therwise than by the channel on which lay their 
 Tub:.>u"s isle. He was said 'to be the sovereign of 
 eight and forty islands. He promised the Spaniards, 
 that, if they would land on his isle, he would give 
 them a pile of potatoes, as high as the mast-head, 
 and would entertain them with a notable exhibition 
 of wrestling. He p it his mother of-pcarl shell a- 
 bout the neck of the Spanish commander ; and, af- 
 ter passing five or six hours on board, retired, in 
 hopes of a visit from the strangers. The frigate, 
 in lier course, coasted along many of these isles. At 
 sun set, she had advanced beyond them all, and was 
 pursuing her course, under a brisk wind from the 
 cast. 'I'o this gioupe of isles, Mr Maurelle gave 
 the general name of the Isles of Don Joskimi Gal- 
 vtz. Tlie southern Cape of that isle on which the 
 TuBou resides, lies in iiy*^ 39' S. Lit. in i/Cy" 38' 
 Long. E. from 'Paris. On the 2 id, our voyagers 
 advanced still southward j discoveiing, as tliey went 
 on, two isles, which received from tiic;n the name 
 of Las Culcdras, tf.<e Snales^ on account of a great 
 sunken rock, which was perceived, by its brcaLer^^ 
 to be between them. They had now passed the 
 most dangerous slioals \ and they thercl'oic conii- 
 mied thtii voyage before eastern \\in(ls, with new 
 composure of mind. On tlie .:3th, they discovered, 
 to the westward, h small isle, to which was given 
 the name of La Jjola. Another, whicli they des- 
 cried on the iyth, was named by them Vas'^jjex li- 
 
 ,1 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
286 
 
 VOYAGE FROM RIARILLA 
 
 LAND. On the 29tli. in 25" 52' S. Lat. and, by sup- 
 po-.itIon, in 179" 17' Lont;. E. from Paris, they Mere 
 enabled, by a western win], to steer S. E. by E. 
 They followed this course till the 3d of April, when 
 in 30" S. Lat. ia 174'^ 2.' K. Lon-. they found the 
 Kinds to subside to a perfect calm. In this situa- 
 tion, an exaniina'iun ot their stores shewed them, to 
 their unspe.-k.ible astonishment and distress, that 
 their bread was almost entirely destroyed by the 
 cock-roaches. N«'t al^)ve a thousand pounds 
 %veight of their whole bread remained unconsumed 
 by these in^ecrs. iconic potatoes remained j and 
 there was stil a little pork, with some rice. Btit 
 no degree of parsimony could make these scanty 
 fupplies sullicient for the remainder of the voyage. 
 It was therefore determined to steer for the Marian 
 IsLANPS. and once more to attempt to obtain some 
 supplies from the southern isles, among which they 
 had last anchored. ]\Ir INIaurtlle was cruelly af- 
 
 flicted 
 
 l)y this new necessity, as he just got i 
 
 nto 
 
 those latitudes in which regularly blew the winds 
 "which he expected to liring him happily to the end of 
 liis voyage. With variable winds they now held their 
 course northward. A breeze from the S, K. aris- 
 ing on the 9th of April, enabled them to get forty 
 leagues to the eastward of the isles which they had 
 before visited. On the 16th, the winds began to 
 blow more gently. On the 18th, they became more 
 brisk, and were accompanied with dark clouds and 
 heavy rains. At day-break, on the 19th, tiay held 
 their, course towards the islands. 'Ihey happened to 
 pasbbetweenthetvvogroupcSjthclsLEs of Di: Galvl/ 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA, 
 
 287 
 
 
 I 
 
 and those of De Majorca. Unable, on account of 
 adv^erse winds, to reach the isles of Majorca , they. 
 
 lovvever, discoverec 
 
 on t'le 2 I St, to the N. N. E. 
 and li. N. E. two isles, wh'rh they named Conso- 
 lation. From these isles, there soon came out a 
 a number of canoes laib'n with jirovisions. For 
 shrerK of cloth, to furnish which they stripped 
 themselves almost n ikcd, tlie Spanish sailors now 
 obtained sweet potatMes pi'j[s, cocoa-nuts, bananas, 
 and fowls, in considerable plenty. The lancruacre 
 of these Indians w.is tlie same as that spoken in the 
 harbour El RiFicn. Their kindness to the Spa- 
 niards, the simc Nineteen of them slept on board 
 the frii^ate. And f )ice was even necessary to o- 
 
 bl 
 
 i.trc 
 
 irm to be <.{( ne, 
 
 V\ 
 
 ley were desirous to prc- 
 
 va 
 
 il with the Si-.aaiar.is to la.;d 
 
 cm 
 
 th 
 
 eir Use 
 
 and 
 quest 
 
 pivjuiised vast s ove^ of provisions, if their re 
 were complied "v ; li. 
 
 On tlie 2^'d, at 'li.dit, the frigate's course was re- 
 ne'.vrd tow'.pds the N. N. \V. In this course, a 
 new Isle biin;; discovered, it received the name of 
 Ma'r; LLi:. ^ ine canoes cime out with provisions 
 from this i>.le, hut were foiced back by the tempest- 
 uous winds whltli blew, and by the swellin^r waves, 
 Losing; no favoural)le moment, Alri\laurellc had made 
 his way, on the sth of May, as far as the 6" of S. 
 J-at. Here was found a low isle with a santly shore, 
 that term! ated in ai\ imi>eue 
 
 traijU 
 
 e reef, near to 
 
 wliich a line of more than lifty fathoms ^ave no in- 
 dicafiun of bortom. 'Ihis isle was covered with co- 
 coa trees. The iom;-bjat was -( nt out with an 
 aiui.d paJty, to bring in a supply of cocoa-nuts. 
 
 ii 
 
 I 
 
 'I 
 
288 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANNILLA 
 
 But the breakers of the reef made it impossible for 
 her to land. The Indians, however, launched their 
 canoes, and came out with such small supplies of 
 cocoa-nuts as the difficulty of the navigation would 
 allow them to bring. They endeavoured, without 
 success, to tow in the frigate towards the shore. 
 But after six hours of fruitless labour, the attempt 
 was given up. The people of this isle were fright- 
 fully besmeared with paints, and differed somewhat 
 in their speech from those of the more southern 
 isles. They had, for the most part, long beards, 
 hanging down their breasts. On the 6th, Mr Mau- 
 relle was obliged to reduce the daily allowance of 
 food to each man of his crew, to five ounces of 
 bread, three ounces of pork, and two ounces of 
 beans. That evening, they saw another isle, larger 
 and lower than the last. To this isle they gave the 
 name of San Augustin. On the 13th, they again 
 crossed the Line. Every appearance concurred to 
 persuade them, that, in the latter part of this course, 
 they had left much land to the eastward. While 
 the crew were confined to the above-mentioned small 
 allowance of bread ; every one complained of u 
 weakness of stomach- Their strength was, in ge- 
 neral, so exceedingly enfeebled, that they were now 
 hardly able to walk the ship. Most of them were 
 attacked by the scurvy. On the 74th, they found 
 themselves in 13" lO' N. Lat. and all danger was at 
 an end. They stecrt-d W by N. for Guam, the 
 the capital of the Martan Islks. On the 31st, 
 they anchored in the ro.id of Umata. 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 239 
 
 D 
 
 ON riirLLT^'pE /.ERAiN, govfnor o 
 
 f t^ 
 
 lis isle, no 
 
 sonner received noiice of the ar»ivtil of tl:e l^rincc- 
 sa, and of her wants, than he sent on bo.ird a tempo- 
 rary supply of rice, maizr, and ho^s, for fifteen dnys, 
 to be used, if the vessel should, by any sudden acci- 
 dent, be drive.i from the road *, gave daily su[plies 
 
 )f ant 
 
 iscorbutic provisions for the use o 
 
 >f th 
 
 c crevv 
 
 and furnished a;i old anchor to supply for one of 
 those which li.id been lost. An wooden anchor 
 was framed to maki? up for the loss of tlie otlier. 
 Water was next t..k.en in, with all expedition. To 
 their astonishment, they found, that, by unknown 
 leaking from the casks, their store of v;a!er had 
 been> before their arrival in the road, reduced to 
 less than two butts. Their ban els were entirely 
 spoiled : but of these also, a supply was furnished 
 by the care of the governor. Of eatables was ob- 
 tained a supply of about five hundred bushels of 
 inai/e, two hundred and sixty bushels of rice, thirty 
 hoi>s, twenty bullock*!, with a large quan'iry of dried 
 meat, of butter, of salt, of lamp-oil, of cocoa-nut 
 brandy, with sixty cocoa-nuts for the hogs. On tlie 
 2Dth of June 17S1, tlie Princesa was ready for the 
 renewal of the voyage. On the 20th the anchor 
 was weighed. In the raising of the anchor, the ca- 
 ble again unfortunately broke, and the anchor was 
 lost. 
 
 INIr Tvlaurelle chose to steer a northcily course. 
 Winds from the K. and N. carried them to 20" 10' 
 N. lat. For the next eight days, they cxjiericnccd a 
 calm that left ihem entirely at the mercy of winds, 
 by which they were drifted to the N. W, On the 
 
 A a 
 
 t 
 
2f,0 
 
 VOYAGE FROM MANILLA 
 
 3d of July, In lat. 24" 26' the winds between the 
 W. and N. began to blow, at times, with consider- 
 able force, at ether times, more fainlly. On the 
 "/th they were carried to lat. 23" 9'. On the i itli 
 they had reached the latitude 27° 32'. On the 5th 
 of August, after a progress which had not been very 
 successful, they fell under the influence of a north- 
 west wind. Till the i.th they steered E. by S. 
 In the interval, the winds had been extremely va- 
 riable. On the 3d they were inN. lat. 37° j', and, 
 by accurate reckoning, in 144° 17' of longitude 
 W. from Paris. Till the 3d of September they 
 stood to the eastward. Seaweeds, and trunks of 
 fir-trees floating upon the water, here gave them the 
 first indications of the proximity of the land of Cali- 
 fornia. 1 o approach this coast, they steered E. S. 
 E. On the 4th, the colour of the waters of the sea 
 began to change : Small birds were al:«o seen : And 
 all things conspired to indicate that land was nigh. 
 On the 8th they found themselves but five leagues 
 distant from Point Pedernal. After obtaining 
 sight of this point, they directed their course to- 
 wards Cape San Lucar. In their course, eit;ht 
 leagues eastward from the island of Guadllupa, 
 they had some days of calm. They next came with- 
 in sight of M(jRNF,- Saint Lazare. On the iid 
 they were near to Cape San-Lucar. A dreadful 
 hurricane overtook them on the 2sth. For six 
 .hours it continued to rage with such fury, that, even 
 against an heavy sea, they were diiven on at the 
 rate of seven miles and a half, an hour, under tlie 
 foresail. On the 26th and -27th, they doubled the 
 
TO SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 291 
 
 Maria Islands, and came at last to an anchor in the 
 J-oad of San Blaz in 21*^ 30' N. lat. in 134° 3' long. 
 E. from Manilla, 107° 6' long. W. from Paris. In 
 spite of all their dilHculties, only two men had died 
 on the voyage 5 one in the haibour of iSiriran j the 
 tithcf, of li jjhthluis, 
 
 This narrative Is of use to shew, how far the Spa- 
 niards are ucquainted with the isles of the South 
 Sea : MaurcUe's reckonings are extremely inexact : 
 Yet he is esteemed one of the most expert of all the 
 Spanish navigatorst 
 
 
 A a i 
 
 S H O R 1* 
 
.— <f.i-*. 
 
 fr**Si^ 
 
 '-*^-,^..^, 
 
 W«kV 
 
 ,1^ ■ 
 
 t*Sr«*n 
 
 ,-'** 
 
 OK 
 
SHORT ABSTRACT 
 
 OF A 
 
 VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY 
 
 To THE 
 
 NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN, 
 
 AND 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD: 
 
 WHICH WAS PERFORMED 
 
 In THE Years 1790, 1791, 1792,1793, 1794, A>rD I795, ih 
 Ills Britannic Majesty's ships, the Discovery sloop 
 OK War, and the Chatham armed Tender, 
 
 UNDER the command OF 
 
 CAPTAIN GEORGE VANCOUVER. 
 
 Aa 3 
 
 -f" .V. 
 
 
no 
 
 CO' 
 
 pre 
 
 e\| 
 inli 
 
 :iti( 
 fah 
 tlic 
 ;lic 
 pos 
 ns ;i 
 iiul 
 con 
 J'n 
 
 J 
 iiiiy 
 .\ V 
 oht 
 
VOYAGE 
 
 or 
 
 CAPTAIN G E O K G E VANCOUVER. 
 
 THE smaller (juadrupeds in)ral)itine; the extreme 
 norlliern latitudes, arc furnished by Nature with 
 coverings of furs, which form almost a sull'icicnt 
 protection a^rainst the colds to which they are there 
 exposed. Necessity has always taught the human 
 inhabitants of the same climates to clothe tlieni- 
 M'lves witli the skins of these animals, while they 
 subsist chictly upon their llcsh. At nncc warmer 
 and more beautiful than any texture which men can 
 fabric kte, thtsc furs have, hence, become objects of 
 the highest estimation for clothing, as well among 
 the civilized nations of the Uini)erate /.ones, who 
 possc!<« a rich diversity of other articles for dress, 
 ns among the almost polar savages, who can procure 
 notliing else to cover their nakedness. Iltnce the 
 cominertlal imiiortancr of Siberia to the Ku<>s'nn 
 J'mpirc, of Canada, a'ld of the J}ictoru:f on Hudson's 
 ]iay, to liritai'i. 
 
 Among A\ the civill/.cd nations in tlic temperate, 
 nay even in the torrid irglons of the earth, there is 
 .\ vety eager demand for furs. These are to be 
 obtained only from tlic hunters in the rorthcrn re- 
 y'fom of Europe, Asia, and America. Russia and 
 Citcat Biiluin huvc, for a uLilc, possessed, almos: 
 
 If 
 
296 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 exclusively, the trade In these furs. From Siberia, 
 the Russians have long been wont to send, by annual 
 caravans, to Kiatcha on the confines of China, vast 
 quantities of furs, which the Chinese there purchise 
 from them at enormous prices ; while they also fur- 
 nish very lar ^e supp'ies to the vanity and luxury of 
 the people of the middle and southern regions of 
 Europe. Canada and Hudson\- Bay, furnish the 
 merchants of Britain, also, with great quantities of 
 furs, which they partly sell in Europe, and in part 
 export to China. The quantity of furs which can 
 be procured, is always exceedingly unequal to the 
 demand for them. Hence, no article that is, at 
 present, the subject of commcice, affords larger pro- " 
 fits to the merchant. For tic Chinese, who will 
 scarcely accept any thing but gold and silvc for 
 those va>t quantities of teas which British mcrchant« 
 purchase from them , it has become an object of 
 great commercial concern for Britain, to procure an 
 article which they r-^tecm so highly as furs, and for 
 which they are willing ' i pa^ at so dear a rate. 
 Hence, when Cook, discovered, in the N'orth-wcst 
 coasts of America, an immense fur country, far 
 richer in this produce than those regions out of 
 which the merchants and huiittrs of Il'.uropean com- 
 merce had been long exterminating the fur- bearing 
 quadrupeds', the attention of Biitish merchants was 
 instantly turned with great earnestness upon the dis- 
 covery J and it was soon resolved to seek, from the 
 territories round Nootka »SouNn, a supply whic . 
 might cnal>le ihc Briliih tb undersell the Russian* 
 :n the Chinese mackct. 
 
ROl'ND THi: WORLD. 
 
 297 
 
 An expedition from London was soon undertnkcn 
 ;jt the expence of some opulent and cnli'^htened 
 merchants j and two ships of considerable burthen 
 sailed upon it, under the command of Captains Port- 
 T.ocK and DrxoN, ciliccrs of dii-tinguished spirit, 
 ])rii(lcnte, and nautical experience. Other adven- 
 tures for the same North West coast of America, 
 and for furs, were fitted out from Kciigal. Amnnj; 
 other commanders, to whom was intrusted the con- 
 duct of these adventures, was Captain j. Meares, 
 who, thou,^h less cautious and prudent, perhaps, than 
 6ome others, appears to have been eminently bold, 
 persevering, fertile in expedients, and endowed witli 
 liberal and enlarged intellig.'nce. In the first voy- 
 age which he conducted, the imprudent use of spiri- 
 tou< liquors, with other disadvantages, made a ter- 
 rible havock of his crew. Yet, in procuring furs 
 of the most valuable quality, he was remarkably 
 successful. In a second voyage, his success was not 
 1 
 fi 
 
 ess ; am 
 
 ) 
 
 1 he was fortunate in preserving his crew 
 
 rom suffering by any extraordinary morta ity 
 
 It 
 
 was imaijiincd that Cook's discovery of these whole 
 coasts, but in particular of Nootka Sound, gave to 
 liritons, in an unquestionable manner, all that right 
 to tic sovettignty of these regions which tiiwuvery 
 arii ■ rt ufiancy arc believed to confer. iviKAHiis erect- 
 C' . .crt of fort, and l)elieved that he liad secured 
 loi ir. elf and his cn)j)l()ycrs the far-trade of this 
 sound, — when he was suddenly expelled from his si- 
 Uiatlon, and treated by the Spaniards with all the 
 violence dui. .0 u Buwunccr, 
 
59^ 
 
 Vancouver's \' o y a g e 
 
 For thou;.',1i other nations were little capable of 
 the liberal naiulcal views that sent out those Impor- 
 tant expediilons for dls.^ovtry, which have been 
 performed by Britons, in tlie course of the prr- 
 Bent rd^in ; yet they hnvo been b'.llicienrly ea^cr to 
 ttvail thtmsflvrs of f;v«M y t Uviti^nf^e vvhic!i the din- 
 coverles of Cooic, wul otii r Hiito.is, liave ope-ied 
 out to commprce or to conqu'-sr. Fro^n the ]jort$ 
 of the United .States of Amt'.ica, from those of Kus- 
 sia, from those of Spanish America, expeditions for 
 prosecuting the fur trade, on the north-west cuast of 
 America, weie eagerly fitted r)ut as *oon as Coor's 
 discoveries had been made ^rnerally known. The 
 Spaniards trusting to the aid of France, and still 
 ambitious . ep as much as possible of Ame- 
 
 rica in their p* session, though they keep it abso- 
 lutely desolate, were soon iinxious to exclude all o- 
 ther nations, and particularly the British, by whom 
 it had been discovered, from this north-west Ame- 
 rican coast. In the affair of Falkland Isles, they 
 had experienced, with what tamcncss a F/ritish Ali- 
 nistry can submit to insult and dishonour, even from 
 a weak foe. Fiance was still ready to support 
 Spain, and to humble Btit.iin. 'L'he Spanlard'j 
 thought that they might ag;iin, with impunity, ven- 
 ture to insult the Hiltish (Jovernment, and '■o de- 
 prive its subjects of their rights. Hence were 
 Mkahes, and other adventureis in the fur trade, 
 driven from the coast of NooU'/i, and maltreated as 
 Buccaneers, l)y the Spaniards. 'Fhc Spanlardn re- 
 lolved, If possible, to engross the fur-trade fur thcm« 
 
ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 299 
 
 selves, and to make tliemsKlvPS exclusive masters of 
 the western coast of America, as far northward as 
 its coas*- WHS accessible. 
 
 British su'^jtcfs, inju'ed, carried their complaints 
 to the Government, to the Legislature, to all their 
 fellow subjects. It was impossible to evaf^le hear- 
 inir them. Remonstrances were offered to the bpa- 
 nish Court . naval preparations were made, it was 
 talked ; that if the Spanimds refused concession,— the 
 \vronjTS of the British merchants an I navigators must 
 be redress'.'d by force of arms. Supported, encou- 
 raged by France ; rcmTmberinfjf how a British Mi- 
 nistry had been dealt with in the affair of Falkland's 
 Islands •, the Sp; niards talked loftily and evasively, 
 lengthened out negociation ^ at last, made a conces- 
 sion, in acceptinj^ wiiich, it seem<; to liave been a- 
 greed, that the British Ministry should virtually sa- 
 crifice the ri^ht in dispute. To receive the offered 
 surrender of tlie violated Biitish possessions at Noot- 
 K.A SoL'ND from the Spauiaids, Captain Geor(^e ^'AN- 
 couvi:r was sent out with two small ships of war, 
 under hii command. Having, before, sailed with 
 Cook, he was well qualified fur such a voyatre. Jn 
 the narrative which he picpaied for the press, but 
 lived not to publish, he has evinced, how eminent- 
 ly he w;>s qualified to make his expedition valuable, 
 as a voyage of discovery 1— wbat a m ickery the ijpa- 
 niaids were, by the vtry treaty, s ffcrt d to make of 
 tlut sui render, which he went out to receive from 
 them ! 
 
 Captain Va.\couver*s instructions from the Lords 
 of the Atlmira.ty dlrtcted luin to make a new cxa- 
 niiuation uud survey of the b/VNUw icu IbLLS :— to pto- 
 
 'H\ 
 
300 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 ceed from these to the north-west coast of Ameri- 
 ca :"^to receive the formal surrender of the buildings 
 and territory, of which certain subjects of his British 
 Majesty had been dispossessed by the Spaniards in 
 the year 1789 : — to explore the north-west coast of 
 America, from 30'' to 60° N. Lat. with a view to 
 the discovery of a passage in these latitudes, between 
 the western and the eastern side of the American 
 Continent : — and to examine, also, tlie S. W. shores 
 of America, from the scene of the most southern 
 Spanish settlement to the very southtrn ex- 
 tremity of America. In accomplishing these ob- 
 jects, Captain Vancouver was farther directed to 
 conduct himself peaceably, upon every opportunity 
 of intercourse with the subjects of other powers •, 
 and, after his destined surveys should be completevl, 
 to return to Britain, if possible, by the way of Cape 
 Horn. 
 
 In the be^finnin^ of January 1701, Captain Van- 
 couver prepared to sail from Pjritain. The Disco- 
 ▼ FRy was under his own immedinle command ; the 
 Chatham, hkcwise under his orders, was command- 
 td by liieutenunt \V. R. liRcucHTON. Various 
 causes of delay, detained them till the month of A- 
 pvil, .'H the Kn}:jlish coast. On the evening of 
 '1 lu! sJ.w. the .'Sth of the same m^nth, they arrived 
 in tl» • road of Sa/itn Cruz, betorc the island of Vi- 
 k;.mi-i K. Here tlity obtained veiy ;;ooJ wine, water, 
 ami >.L'\\ for sea stores •, but found the fruits, vege- 
 table; in j;eneial, and poultry, to be both very indif- 
 f«'rei.i ii> juaiity, and v< ry d 'ar. From the fclpanish 
 Govci.'uv of this anil the otiier Canary 1sli:«, the 
 gentlemen ^^l\o went ua >hoie, experienced but bu 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 301 
 
 Van- 
 
 )isco- 
 ; the 
 
 mand- 
 rioas 
 
 of A. 
 
 ng of 
 rived 
 
 vitcr, 
 ve|rc- 
 iiulif- 
 '.iiiisli 
 , llic 
 
 Ut BU 
 
 uncourteous and inliospitable reception. Had it not 
 been for the kindness of Mr Rhoney, an Irish gen- 
 tleman, they could not have obtained on the isle, ei- 
 ther a dinner, or even the temporary shelter of a 
 roof. From Teneriffe, they sailed straight for the 
 C/^PE OP Good Hope. On tlie evening of Sur.day, 
 the roth of July, they anchored in biMoN's Bay, at 
 that Cape. Mr Brandt, the Dutch Commandant, 
 in the port, received them with tlie most polite and 
 benignant hospitality. Their wants were soon hap- 
 pily supplied : their repairs were made • thfy had 
 much agreeable and friendly intercourse with the 
 inhabitants of the place. On the evening of the 
 17th of August, after a longer delay than they had 
 at first intended, they again set sail. Directing their 
 course towards the ct)ast of New IIolland, they 
 now sailed onwards, for a while, without any very 
 remarkable accident or observation. A Hux attack- 
 ed the health of the crew ; but they did not, as yet, 
 materially suffer from scurvy. xAt length, tliey ar- 
 rived within sight of the western coast of the land 
 to whicli their course was destined. Tlicy explor- 
 ed its S. W. division, with an accuracy which had 
 not been attained by foimer iiavigators. Nc\v 
 points, creeks, streams, habitations, and contiguous 
 islets, presented thcmselvfs to thtir discovery. Iti 
 an extent, iiawcver, of an hundred and ten leagues 
 of coast, they found only one very excellent har- 
 bour. Its situation is in, nearly, 3 ^° 3' S. Lat. 1 18'* 
 17' E. Long. They gave it the name of Kiwa 
 Georoe the Third's Suu, d. 
 
 Bb 
 
mmm 
 
 JP2 
 
 VANCOUVER'S VOYAGE 
 
 Wood, water, fishes, were here found in a suffi, 
 clent abundance for the supply of their wants. 
 Head-lands and islets protect the harbour, almost on 
 all sides. Luxuriant grass was seen to cover exten- 
 tive tracts of the adjacent lands. Much of the low- 
 er ground was morass. The soil was deeply colour- 
 ed by ochraceous matter, and was perceived to com- 
 municate a similar colour to tlie waters. Coral ap- 
 pears to be the principal substratum lying immediate- 
 ly under the mixed vegetative scil. The hills rise 
 with a gentle elevation, which does not seem to bid 
 defiance to the plough. The most common of the 
 .forest-trees greatly resemble the holly. The larger 
 trees seem to be of that species which is called the 
 ^umtree of New South IVa/cs. Myrtles, not unlike 
 to the pimento tree of the West Indies, are also ve- 
 ry plentiful. A dead kangaroo was the only quad- 
 ruped which these English navigators had occasion 
 to see here : Vultures, hawks, parrots, and a few 
 •other land-birds, attracted their notice. The black 
 swan, the black and white pelican, grey curlieu? an'' 
 sca-plcs, were the most common aqr.atic fowls. 'I he 
 snook, the callpevar of Jamaica, the white mullet, 
 rock- fishes, m ickerels, herrings, were among the sea- 
 fishes which th'j Knglish voyagers caught in this 
 sound. Wha'es and seals likewise played round the 
 ».hips in great numbers, and with great familiarity. 
 A few snakes and lizards, beetles, illes, and muske- 
 tocs, were the rcptilfs and insects. Lhc climate 
 seems to be mild and agreeable. No unusual vio- 
 lence of the winds was ftlt oy this coast. At that 
 time in the year wh"ch answers lo the beginning of 
 
■-■.-.■>.-v.-. ■...■■■.■,..-■.■..,..,. "'"'^it iiSimiaM 
 
 ROUND Til*: WORLli. 
 
 5^: 
 
 April in the northern hemisphere, the mercury In' 
 Fahrenheit's thernidmeter stood at 5^°. In the ba- 
 rometer, the indications were from 29" to 30" 50'. 
 None of the natives of this coast had any Intercourse 
 with the English voyagers. Two of their villages 
 Vvere, however, visited. Iho houses or huts have 
 much of the form and aspect of the straw thatched 
 bce-hlves common In Britain. The larger trees in 
 the vicinity of these villages had been holloweJ out 
 by fite, so as to afl'ord occasional shelter to the peo- 
 ple. No sort of proper household furniture was 
 seen in any of the huts. The only implements were 
 sticks very rudely fashioned by manual labour, into 
 spear*. Appearances suggested, that these people 
 must derive their means of subsistcncr: rather from 
 the land than from the ocean. Much havock ap- 
 peared to have been miule among the wonds by the 
 careless use of fire. Oar voyagers did not sail, with- 
 out leaving for the absent natives, a present of beads, 
 knives, looking-glasses, and other trinkets. 
 
 On Tuesday, the nth of October, they weighed 
 anchor, and sailed from AV//?- George's SounJ. I hey 
 now bent their course for OrAiiEiTE. J'hc dysente- 
 ry had not yet ceased to aflllct the ships' compa- 
 nies :^ And there was no other place alike near, 
 where they might ho|ie to find suca an abund mce 
 of equally salutary refreshments. At the hour of 
 nine in the forenoon of the id of November the) 
 arrived within siglit of the coast of Nkw Zkaland. 
 Here they »oon came to anchor in DusKy JiAv. 
 They afterwards workeil the vessels into Facilf; 
 Hardour. Parties were, without del ly, ^enl on 
 
 . L b 2 
 
 ■I 
 
 1^. V, 
 
 iS 
 
304 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 "shore to cut wood for fuel, spars, and plank?, to 
 brew spruce- beer, to repair the sails and rigging, to 
 prucure fresh fishes tor the ships' crew;,, &:c. In a 
 very short time, the necessary labours were happily 
 dispatched. A party of the gentleme^n now set out 
 on an excursion, to explore the bay mure ^lartlcular- 
 ly than had been done by Captain Cock. They 
 landed In some of tlie coves frequented- by the na- 
 tives, but met with none of these people. Their" 
 excursion enabled. tliem to make some additions to 
 Couk's excellent map of this bay. — On the i8th 
 they again set sail. The salubrious air, and the dif- 
 ierent refreshments which were here procured, coa- 
 trlbuted in a very essential manner to restore and to 
 preserve the health of the creivs. In their, pro^^ress 
 towards Otaheite, they discovered a cluster of seven 
 craggy isles j of which the largest is situate in 4^° 3' 
 S. lat. in J 66" 20' E. long, which had escaped the 
 notice of Cook j and to which, on account of their 
 .situation and appearance, Captain Vancouver thought 
 proper to give the name of the Snares. On Thurs- 
 day the 22d of December, they arrived within siglit 
 of one of the Society Isles. Some of the natives 
 soon hastened out In their canoes, to reconnoitre the 
 ships. The English advanced to meet them. ^1 hey 
 were with dilllculty persuaded to come on boaid the 
 British ships. It seemed that the*>e islanders h..d 
 never seen any such ships before. They were, how- 
 ever, not unacquainted with the uses of iron, nor 
 with those articles of European manufacture wiiich 
 former voyagers had left In the hands of the Inhabi- 
 tantsof some ncM:jhbouring isles. They preferred iron 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 )oS 
 
 m 
 
 to every thing else which the British navigators had 
 to offer. A few spears, a club or two, some indifferent 
 slin^^s, were observed in their canoes. Two or three 
 of tliem were for about an hour on board Captain Van- 
 couver's ship. But their attention was so unfixed ', 
 they were iii,such a state of giddy amazement at the 
 objects which they savv *, their language was so utter- 
 ly unknown to the British j that it. was impossible to 
 obtain from them, any satisfactory information con- 
 cerning their island and their fellow countrymen. 
 TowEREROo. a native of tlie S,i .dwich Isles, sailed 
 on board the Discovery, on his return from Britain to 
 his own country. But he remembered too little of 
 liis native language, to be materially useful on this oc- 
 casion, as an interpreter. From the answers of these 
 people, however. Captain Vancouver was led to be- 
 lieve the name of their isle to be Oparo, that of 
 their chief to be Koric. The isle is situate in 27° 
 36' S. lat. in 213° 58' 28" W. from Greenwich. Itn 
 shores seem to be easily accessible. It has some 
 rmall bays in which vessels may find shelter. Its 
 greatest diametrical extent is about six miles and a 
 lialf; Its circumference maybe eighteen miles. It 
 consists of a cluster of lufty and craj,rgy hills j which 
 tower up into some lomantic j)innacles ; and which 
 rise with a very abrupt elevation from the .sea- 
 shore. The spaces between the hills seem rather 
 chasms than vales. They are covered chiefly with 
 ihrubs and dwarfish trees. On the tops of six of- 
 ihe highest hills, there seemed to be a sort of block- 
 liousc, like a British glass-house, with fortification? 
 ii-Tiued by wooden pallisades, and extending for 
 
 B b 2 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 
 m i 
 
 1. * 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 
3o6 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 some length down the hill. People were seen a- 
 mid these fortifications. About thirty ca"noes, most- 
 ly double, were observed at the shore. The isle 
 seemed to afford no large timber. The number of 
 the inhabitants may be estimated at fifteen hundred. 
 Though the isle presented no consideraJDle marks of 
 fertility j yet the people seemed to be well-fed, were 
 handsome in form, of moderate stature, not deform- 
 ed with scars, mild and benign in their manners. 
 Leaving Oparo, our voyagers proceeded with a fair 
 and easy course, till, on Friday the 28th of Decem- 
 ber, they anchored in the Bay of Matavai, on the 
 iiorthern coast of Otaheite. 
 
 On his arrival at Otaheite, Captain Vancouver issu- 
 ed immediate orders •, enjoining his people to act in 
 an uniformly pacific and friendly manner, in all their 
 intercourse with the natives 5 prohibiting trade o- 
 therwisc than by the intermediation of proper agents, 
 till the ships should be supplied with provisions j di- 
 recting the officers and seamen, diligently to Sis- 
 charge their different duties j and threatening the 
 proper punishments aganist any attempts to embez- 
 zle the King's stores, belonging to the vessels. 
 
 Mr Broughton, with the Chatham, had been di- 
 vided from the Discovery, in the passage from Fa- 
 cile-harbour. At Matavai-bay, he was again over- 
 taken. He had discovered, in his progress, Cha- 
 tham Island, and some other isles, inhabited by a 
 stout race of people with whom a contest arose,. »nd 
 situate in 43° ^9' S. Lat. in 183° 25' W. Long. 
 
 The natives of Otaheite gathered eagerly around 
 our voyagers, as they came to anchor in the bay. 
 
M*-*4HlfiWaMHM 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 307 
 
 C -ill Vancouver, who had been a companion of 
 some of the voyages of Cook, was Impatient to en- 
 quire after his old Otaheitean acquaintance. Most 
 of the friends whom he left here In the year 1777, 
 were now dead. But Otoo, with his father, bro- 
 thers, and sisters •, and Poatatow, with his family j 
 still survived. Otoo had, however, retired to Ei- 
 MEO or MoREA ; leaving to his eldest son the sove- 
 reignty over this aifd the neighbouring isles. The 
 young king had assumed the name of Otoo ; and 
 old Otoo was now called Pomurrey. Presents 
 from the present Otop, had been sent to Mr Brough- 
 ton, before Captain Vancouver's arrival. The mes- 
 senger whom Captain Vancouver sent on shore, to 
 pay his first compliments to Otoo, returned with a 
 pig and a plantain-leaf, the presents and tokens of 
 amity. An Interview was proposed j and Otoo 
 came down to the sea-shore, and Captain Vai :ouver 
 went on land, for this purpose. Otoo appeared a 
 boy, of about nine years of age j was clothed in a 
 garment of red English cloth, with ornaments of 
 pigeons' feathers j and was borne upon the shoul- 
 ders of a servant. The ceremonies of the interview 
 were soon over. The sovereign, by the direction 
 of his attendants, graciously heard from the Britons 
 tiielr piolfers of friendship, and promised those sup- 
 plies of provisions which they asked. At the re- 
 quest of Otoo, Captain Vancouver readily agreed 
 to send a messenger to the isle of Morea, for his 
 friend Pomurrey. The Hiitons, in the mean time, 
 set up their tents and observatory on shore j and, 
 without loss of time, endeavoured to make the neces- 
 
 is 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 !• I- 
 Si ^i 
 
 ^ 
 
 • ' ti .' 
 
3o8 
 
 Vancouver's vovkct 
 
 Sary repairs, and to tnkt in the requisite supplies. Ort 
 Monday, the 2d of Januiuy i'-9 ;, Pomurrey arrived, 
 tvith the English genllemf-n who had goiie to wait 
 upon him. With him came a'so Matooara-Mahovv, 
 the subordinate chief o» Morea, who was apparent- 
 ly in the last stage of a deep consumption. Pomur- 
 rey readily recognized Captain Vancouver ns his old 
 acquaintance. Cloth, hogs, lowls, and vegetables, 
 were soou presented in plenty, to the British gen- 
 tlemen, by the Otahcitean chi'ifs. Axes, and other 
 suitable presents, were giver to the Otaheiteans in 
 return. Among the chiefs who visited th? Lritons 
 at their tents and ships, was Po^'.o of INIatavai, who 
 brought a portrait of Captain Cook, that wr»d 
 drawn by Mr Webber, in the year 1777, which re- 
 m'ains always in the house of the chiefs of Matavai, 
 and has become t} <i public register*, having the 
 dates of the atilval and departure of foreign ships 
 inscribed on its back. Pomurrey and Mahow, with 
 their wives, dined in Captain Vancouver's cabin. 
 In spite of Captain Vancouver's cautions tn the con- 
 trary, Pomurrey would ii:toNlcate hirajiclf with bran« 
 dy, till he sulVered severely from its sickening ef- 
 fects. Yt^ung Otoo was carried round the cnc^.mp- 
 iTieurs J and the Biitisli gcnllomen had now an op. 
 poituu'ty of learning, that wlr.itevc r utcnfil has been 
 once usc{f by the Otaiieitcan sovereign, must be im. 
 meiiiatily drstroycd or cast away, as it cannot be 
 used, wiihovit B ciiiTie, by any person else. The 
 futluT and brothers of '"omurrey cume also to visit 
 lii.s liiitish fritnds. iliey all paid the mojt rc^pect- 
 ful Jiomn^c to the infani Otoo, Pomur rev's son. A 
 
 k ' ■ 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 3C9 
 
 display of hie-works was one of the means uf enter- 
 tainment wliich Captain Vancouver presented to a- 
 muse his iHu»trious friends. Poatatuw, after some 
 days, came down to the scene of the British ti can^p- 
 nient. He came witii a mi'i:;nificcnt present ot hogs, 
 vegetables, cloth, mats, &.c. to his old friend, Van- 
 C(juver. Kvery thing, but wood for fuel, had been 
 obtained in abundance j and our voyagers had ad- 
 vanced far in the preparations for the renewal of 
 their voyage j when some of the chiefs oflVud to 
 furnish Captain Vancouver with abundance also of 
 
 ire-woou, 1 
 
 d, if h< 
 
 lid lend tht 
 
 ixes to cut It 
 
 le woulu lenu inein axes 
 down, as tliey were unwilling to wear out theii own 
 axes in sucli a service. '1 he axes ;vcre lent, "^nj 
 the wood was fuinishec'. Except only the daughter 
 of Upoone, chief of BuLab la, all the princes of all 
 thii groupe of isles, xm*. re now assembled at the Bri- 
 tish cattf^ and ships. ^ very magnificent present 
 was, after some time, i flered by I'omurr v, in re- 
 turn for all that h-j had received fiom ihe liberality 
 of Captain Vancouver. It consisted of some very 
 laige bogs witli cloth, fowls, and vegetables, in abun- 
 dance. On Saturday, the 14th of January, a messagt 
 iiom Pumuney informed the Biitish commander of 
 the death of Mahow, the chiefiain whose liberil cu- 
 riosity had broifght him to visit their ships, even in 
 the last stiige of a mortal distemper. Captain Van- 
 couver wislied much to attend tlic funeral of tlie de- 
 ceased chief J but his desire was baulLcd l)y the re- 
 ligious delicacy of tlie Oiatieitcaii!i. 'I'lit dc .\h of 
 Mahow was regretted with many expressions of the 
 deepest sorrow. 'Ihe women wounded themselves with 
 
 !i 
 
 1M8 
 
 
310 
 
 Vancouver's votAci 
 
 shark's teeth j and the men lamented him with waiU 
 ing and tears. His body was, after the accustomed 
 mode of burial in these isles, deposited in a Moral. 
 Some of the gentlemen belonging to the lirilish 
 J.hips, making an excursir-n among the isles, were 
 every Ahere entertained by the natives, with the 
 liindest hospitality. The mourning for Mahow 
 was ]"roiongcd, during many da)s; and Capta;n 
 Vancouver was, at his own desire, permitted, at one 
 time, to act a pa.t among the mourners. Some 
 petty tl-.cfts were, in the mean while, committed by 
 the natives upon the property of their Biitish friends ; 
 But, the stolen prop rty was, for the most part, 
 with little dilTiculty, recovrrcd. Since Commodore 
 Cook, last visited these isles, there had been long 
 disscnsio.is and wars, in consequence of which, most 
 of the animals which he lett here to breed, had 
 been destroyed. A marriage had reconRled the 
 contending chiefs, and united their family-interests. 
 The wh^^lc i«.lc of Ot.'.heitc was, not merely in name, 
 
 A Ic 
 
 but in reality, subject to one bovercign. J\ long 
 ptrio.l of tran<iuillity had been enjoyed, Kven the 
 contiguous isle of lIuAiitiNii, now owned the sove- 
 reignty of the Otaheitean Otoo. Jn lluahcine, 
 Omai had died witliuut children *, and his house and 
 other propirty had fallen into the ]lDssession of the 
 immediate chief of that isle Omai had been much 
 respected in Huaiicine, during his life \ and he died 
 universally lamented, it was a faial swelling in tiie 
 throat, a disease caught from the crew of a .Snanisii 
 vessel, by wiiich he died. Young Otoo was like- 
 ly, from circumstances too tedious for a detail in 
 
ROOND THE WOR.LD# 
 
 3t« 
 
 this placp, to attain the sovereignty of almost the 
 whole of the Society isles. The whole Ot hei- 
 tcan princes, but particularly Pomurrey, f^r himself, 
 and in the name of his son, professed themselves the 
 faithful allies of Britain and King Georob. Pi^mur- 
 rey would gladly have drawn from Captain Van- 
 couver a promise to procure a British ship of war, 
 to he sent out, after his own return, to coiq-ier all 
 the surrounding isles for his Otaheitean Mnjtsty, 
 Captain- Vancouver saw, with pleasure, thnt the in- 
 telligence and the general character of Pomurrey, 
 had been eminently improved, since the itra of their 
 first acquaintance. He acted with a generosity, be- 
 nevolence, uprightness, and politeness, in his inter- 
 course with the Britons, which would have done 
 lionoiir to any Kuropeaii nobleman •, and he evinced 
 a dfsiie to become acquainted with the British 
 arts, such as bespoke a mind expanding for the •«•€- 
 ception of liberal and useful knowledge, — and at 
 the same time fully cipable of appretiating all its 
 value. Already have the people of Otahcite, and 
 the isles immediati'I" circumjacent, begun to for- 
 get the use of all their own ancient imi^lements 
 and utensils, in the urcfcrence which tl" , have 
 learned to give to the implements and utensils of 
 Kurope. Nothing of importance in the labours ol 
 these people can now bfe done, without the axe.^ 
 liles, knives, fishing-hooks, scissor), &cc. of Kurope. 
 I'ew specimens of their old tools of bone or stone, 
 arc now to be seen atnong them. * English red- 
 cloth and linens, too, have obtained *iuch a recep- 
 tion among ihcm, that they be^iu to negl.ct the 
 
 IH 
 
 ' 
 
 \'\ 
 
3ia 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 cultuic of their own cloth- plant. Should they be 
 deprived of future supplies of European commodi- 
 ties j they would certainly sink into a condiilcn 
 more uncomfortable than that in which their first 
 European discoverers found them. One material ad- 
 •vantage^ in the industry and oeconomy of the inhabi- 
 tants of these isles, has indeed been derived from 
 their actiu'aintance and trafficking intercourse with 
 voyagers from Europe : HngSy and provisions oj ail 
 sorts, bein^ susceptible of sal' to the stranger-voyagers ; 
 ha''je hence been reared and cultivated with greater 
 care, and in a considerably greater abundance, than be- 
 fore. The commodities of Eu''ope still retain all 
 their primary value in traffic with these people. 
 Three large hogs, weighing fio .1 one to two hund- 
 red pounds, each, were, by the regulation of Po- 
 murrey, the stipulated price for an axe ', and other 
 things of an useful character were paid for, in a si- 
 milar ratio of value. In the late wars, almost all 
 the European plants and animals left here by Com- 
 modore Cook, have been destroyed. A few shad- 
 docks, a little maize of good quality, some coarse 
 radishes, and a few puds of the caubicun, were all 
 the produce Captain Vancouver could see, of the 
 various exotic vegetables wmch have been, from 
 time to time, introduced here. The milk of the 
 goats has not been hitherto jfdopted as an article ot 
 food : Nor have they multiplied to any very great 
 number. Hut, the rac. is not likely to be exter^ 
 minaled : Captain Vancouver procured, herr, some 
 pairs which he took with him for the Sandwicb 
 Isles. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 3^3 
 
 On Tuesdoy the 24tli of January, our voyagers 
 sallc 1 from the bay of Mataval, for the Sandwich 
 Isles. I'hey felt regret in finding their progress to 
 have been considerably slower than they had ck- 
 pected when they departed from Biitain. The 
 
 winds were favourable. 
 
 rO 
 
 rom 
 acci 
 
 ents occurred to 
 
 interrupt their course. No new discoveries met 
 tht!/ observation. The serenity of the skies allow- 
 ed thjmtomake some accurate astronomical ob- 
 servations. On Thursday the ist o*^ f^Iarch, they 
 arrived, happily, within sight of Owiiyiie e. On its 
 coast, they found themselves in iS*^' (;' N. Lat. in 
 20(j' 3^' by reckonings but by their chrnnometcr 
 .*iu4' !(/ J'l. Long, from Greenwich. {\\ the niurn- 
 ii\g of Friday, ilic id, some canoes came out with 
 pig? ami vcgetal)les j and among the latter, were 
 some excellent wa'^er-melons. ]iut, the ])riccs de- 
 manded, were enormous : And the natives seemed 
 far from anxious to deal with the strangers. 'I'iir 
 ships were, soon after, carried into the bay of K\g.A- 
 
 K.\K.0OA, 
 
 Other canoes again came out. 'I'ianna, a chief 
 wl.o had visited China under the protection of the 
 Captain of a merchant siiip in the fur-trade, and had 
 risen by ih*^ fiicndship of his Jiiiti:>h protectors, to 
 the rank of h Chief in this island, came out in one 
 of these canoes. lie v.as received wiljj kindness 
 and respect. He asked for his Diitiih friend Mr 
 Mcarcb J anr. told, that I'amaahmaaha had, by his 
 aid obtained the sovereignty of the three iiortlicrti 
 districts of the i!>le, while that of the two southern 
 dijtricts had been assigned to Timna him»clf. Nj 
 
 C c 
 
S»4 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 European vessels had touched at these isles since 
 the autumn of the prececHnjr year. About that 
 time, they had been visited by three or four Ame- 
 xican briers, and by a vessel from Macao. Tianna 
 viewed with adnriiration, a'-»d at the sime time with 
 the most vioilant attentio , all the transactions, and 
 the apparatus of the British ships. He held loner 
 conversations with younjr I'owerkroo. At hist, he 
 requested Cnptain Vancouver to convey himself, 
 ■with a considerable company of attendants, to the 
 more northern Sandwich Isles, which the British 
 ships were to visit, after leavinpj Owhyhee. Larjre 
 promises from Tianna ena^ed Towereroo to settle 
 under his protection in Owhyhee, instead of pro- 
 ceeding to bis native isle of IMoROTor. 'I\ Tower- 
 croo's care, Captain Vancouver intrusted a letter for 
 the otliccr wlio was t') arrive here with a vessel 
 bringing stores and piovisions for the use of the 
 Discovery and the Chatham. Another chief, named 
 Kahowmotoo, bfcame soon after known to our voy- 
 :igers. and presented to them a valuable quantity of 
 cxcellerit provisions. 'J'ianna, when tlie time for 
 the dei>arture of the Bri;is}i ships, ariived, was led 
 to niter his >"rst resolution, and i<. decline the voy- 
 age for wliich he had before solici'ed a passage, 
 ]^oth he and K^hovvmotoo, with all the inferior 
 chiefs, slicwed an anxious desire to obtain the seed? 
 nnd plants of those exotic vegetables, which their 
 intercourse with fon.igncis hud tauglit them to va- 
 lue. A goat and kid, some fine oiange jiJaiUs, and 
 n packit of dillVrcnl garden secils, were bcsiowcd 
 ttpjn K ihowmotoo •, and were received bv him, 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 S^S 
 
 v\Ith unequivocal expressions of the highest i^tij- 
 faction. 
 
 From Owhyhee, our navigators soon pursued their 
 vovaLre towards the rest of the Sandwich Isles, As 
 they sailed on, before the E. N. K. traJc-\vi nd, 
 they were visited by some cnnoes from Ranat, which 
 however brouj^ht them no supplies of fresh nrovl- 
 ■<inns. On the 7th the Discovery cast anchor, on 
 the coast of the island of Woaiioo, in the bay of 
 Whvt'iETK. Some of the natives came immediate- 
 ly on board, bringinc; a smill supply of refreshment?, 
 of which, very excellent music- melons, and water- 
 melons, formed a considerable part. 'J he ^jreatrc 
 number of the inhabitants of the coast, wete at tlii.-? 
 time absent on a military expedition, with their 
 chiefs TiTEREE and Tafo, who had been for some 
 time at war with the chiefs of (Jwhyliec. Kut, 
 many villages were seen contiguous to the sei-shore * 
 T-he face of the country was remaikabk* foi pic- 
 turesque beauty •, and the fields displayed, at once, 
 great fertility of soil, with no mean skill and dili- 
 gence of cultivation. During his stay in this har- 
 bour, Captain Vancouver had some necessary repairs 
 made upon his ship, and endeavoured, but with lit- 
 tle success, to obtain a new supply of water. In 
 se:!rch of water, he made an excursion into the isle, 
 to some distance from the coast. The fields were 
 there seen to be divided from one another by low 
 stone w;<lls ; were planted with the f^a'o and lar« 
 roots ; were in a high state of culture j and were 
 inundated, for the purpose of promoting the growth 
 of thrse vegetables. '1 he natives wcr" eve y where 
 
 C Q 2 
 
 'M 
 
-iiG 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 gentle and inoirensivc ', but shewed no ea;^er anxie- 
 ty to iiii^iatiate themselves wiih the strangers. Two 
 of the natives, however, conducted them, as guides ^ 
 and made a hog, with a quantity of vegetables, to be 
 prepared for their entertainment. There, was a 
 rivulet of good water j but its course was at some 
 distance from the station of the shi|i> : And the 
 natives could not be persuaded to lend their as^^is- 
 tance towards bringing it on board in any consldcr- 
 ;ible quantity. The station of the ships, in the bay 
 of Whyteete, was found to be in 21'' 16' 4'/" N. 
 Lat. in 202° 9' 37" E. Long. From VVoahoo, 
 our voyagers sailed for Wuym£A-Bay, in the island 
 of ArrowAr. 
 
 Their course was short and easy. At nine o'clock, 
 in the evening of Friday, the ninth of March, they 
 anchored in the destined station, on the coast of 
 Attowai. Immediately after their arrival, they 
 were viiitcd by the natives. Captain Vancouver 
 himself, with others of the gentlemen who sailed 
 "with him, went on shore. A person of the name of 
 Ffboofi oftcrcd his sci vices to rcgul: te cir inter- 
 course with ihe rest of the peopi . Two good * 
 houses were approjjiiated by the ceremony of liie 
 yV/ioo, for their accomodation. A space of ground 
 "WIS likewise fenced in with stakes, tor their use ; 
 and the natives were forbidden to enter it. A 
 tratlic for provisions and futl, commenced ; and tho 
 natives readily gave their assistance in filling the 
 casks vviih water, and thtn rolling thcni from the 
 %vatering-i lace to the boats. Ciplam Vancouver, 
 with his friends, next set out upon an cxcur>ion 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 17 
 
 iTirougli the isle. A plain, of considerable extent, 
 spreads out from the base of the hills to the sea- 
 shore. The taro plant, some su_£>ar-canes, and sweet 
 potatoes, are the vegetables which grow in the cul- 
 tivated ffelds. The taro is planted on wet grounds ; 
 the other vegetnbles, on those which are drier. The 
 sides of the hills, from a reddish, argillaceous soil, 
 yield only a. coarse grass. A wall cf remarkable 
 structure has been reared for a passage into the in- 
 terior country, and for the uses of an aqueduct, at a 
 place where access into the country must have been 
 before impossible, and below which water would 
 not be obtained, before this wall was construct- 
 ed. It is formed of stones and clay. PJany in- 
 dications of extreme and oftcnsively indecent wan- 
 tonness, fell under the observation of Captain Van- 
 couver and his friends, as they walked through the 
 isle. An Englishman of the name of Rowbottom j 
 who had been left in this isle by a C iptain Kend* 
 RICK, an American, to collect for him a cargo or 
 part of a cargo of sandal-wood j came to visit ths 
 British ships in the harbour. With him came, like- 
 wise, two native chiefs, whose names were No Mf^- 
 TEE-HE-TEE and Tao. They Informed Captain Van- 
 couver, that Rnemoh regent of the isle, in the ibsence 
 of the sovereign, would, within a day or two, honour 
 the Captain wi ' visit. From Rowbottom, in- 
 formation was eivcd, that the people of these 
 isles had made attempts to take some of the trading 
 ships which had lately anchored in their harbours j 
 and tliat their views were so daring and ambitious, 
 that, unless the commanders of the Discovery and Ji« 
 
 C c 3 
 
3-8 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 Chatham should keep themselves upon their guard, 
 the natives might very probably concert some enter- 
 prizd for capturing them. By the contrivance, as it 
 ivas said, chiefly of Tfanna, a schooner, the property 
 of Mr Medcalf, an American, had been seized, and 
 its crew murthered at Oxvhyhcc. No-ma-tee- he-tee 
 produced, as testimonies in his own favour, the letters 
 of several captains in the fur-trade, most of which, 
 however, agreed in representing him and his friends 
 in a very suspicious light. Another Englishman or 
 American came with a message from the Regent of 
 the isle, and the prince the son of the Sovereign, 
 who was left under the regent's guardianship. By 
 this man, the British commander sent presents to the 
 ];rlnce and the regent. Fires, which were seen to 
 Lc soon after kindled along the shores, excited new 
 suspicions of hostile intentions in the people. Vi- 
 gihmt precautions were employed to avert any dan- 
 gers which the natives might treacherously prepare. 
 The requisite supplies of water were soon after 
 completed. The men who had been ashore, em- 
 harked. Amidst the hurry of their embarkation, 
 some articles of value were unwillingly entrusted, 
 for a time, to the doubtful fidelity of the natives. 
 These articles, the natives faithfully pre;>ervcd and 
 restored. At last, the regent and the prince made 
 their appearance on the sea- coast, over-agalnst the 
 station of the shins. Fire arms and ammunition, of 
 wliich they had learned the use, were the objects 
 which these persons the most earnestly desired to 
 cbtain. Cnptain Vancouver, justly considering it to 
 be extremely imprudent to furniih them with such 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 319 
 
 instruments of mutual hostility, declared that his fire- 
 arms and ammunition were under the Taboo of king 
 George. His visitants were therefore obliged to 
 content themselves with such other articles as they 
 could obtain. Enemoh the regent pretended to re- 
 collect Captain Vancouver, as one whom he had for- 
 merly seen with Cook, and produced a lock of hair 
 which he afTirmed that he had then obtained from 
 the Captain. Upon the score of this old friendship, 
 he presented to the British commander a consider- 
 able supply of hogs and other provisions. Nor was 
 Mr Vancouver sparing in a return of those articles 
 which he chose to give. Both Enemoh and the 
 prince, the son of Taio, condescended to visit the 
 British commander on board his ship •, and the prince, 
 especially, behaved in a manner which was very a- 
 grecable to the British gentlemen. The prince had 
 assumed tlie title of King George, and shewed a 
 strong partiality for every thing that was British. 
 The whole tenor of the conduct of the chiefs and 
 the people of Attowal, was such as to remove eve- 
 ry unfavourable prejudice which our navigators had 
 at first taken up agaln>^t them. Highly satisfied 
 with their entertainment at Attowai, they sailed 011 
 the 14th of March for Oneehow. Some friends, 
 from Attowai accompanied them to this isle. And 
 by the kind intervention of these friends, they speed- 
 ily obtained whatever supplies they had hoped that 
 Onechow r»"ght alVord. After all, however, the 
 supply obtained from all these isles, was but scanty. 
 But it was a time of war: A.id Captain Vancouver 
 refused to give for provisions those fire- armj» and 
 
 
 
320 
 
 VANCOUVER S VOYAGE 
 
 ammunition which the imprudence of the traders had 
 taught the islanders to value above every other 
 commodity. War, too, appears to have thinned the 
 numbers of the people of these isles : And they had 
 enjoyed recent opportunities of bringing their ani- 
 mals and vegetables to sale, which had probably 
 tempted them to reserve too small a proportion for 
 the necessary reproduction of the stock. 
 
 On the evening of Friday, the i6th of March, 
 our navigators resumed their course, and sailed from 
 the Sandwich Isles for the North West coast of 
 America. They had not been long out at sea, 
 when the mainmast of the Discovery sprung •, and 
 some defects were at the same time discovered in 
 this vessel's rigging. Means were instantly em- 
 ployed to repair these damages. They sailed on- 
 wards with a fair wind, and in pleasant weather. On 
 the 7th of April, in .^3*^ 23' N. Lat. in 217° 24' E. 
 Long, they perceived the surface of the sea to ba 
 covered, all around them, as far as the eye could 
 reach, by sea-blubbers of the species Medusa Vil-. 
 LiLiA, lying so thick together as to leave no unoccu- 
 pied interval large enough to receive a pea, with- 
 out its touching some of them. Of these Meduscc, 
 .the largest did not exceed the circumference of four 
 inches. Adhering to them, was found a beautiful 
 blue worm, of a caterpillar form, which Mr Men- 
 ziFS, who accompanied Captain Vancouver, in the 
 chamctcrof a naturalist, regarded as an entirely 
 new gt'iiuf. As they approached the Americ.ui 
 coast, the winds became more violent, fogs obscur- 
 ed their horizon, and they were annoyed by fre- 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 3JI 
 
 quent falls of drizzling rain. In the Longitude of 
 236" 8', in Latitude 39^^ 2::.', quantities of drifted 
 wood, grass, and sea-weeds, were seen to float by 
 the ships while they saiU i on : Shags, pufKns, ducks, 
 and other aquatic birds, were at the same time seen 
 flying about : And a change in the colour of the 
 water likewise began to indicate the proximity of a 
 shallower sea. They, soon after, found themselves 
 on the coast of New Albion. The darkness of the 
 atmosphere, here, allowed them only to observe, 
 that the shore was rectilineal and unbroken, of a 
 moderate elevation, and at some distance inwards 
 into the country, screened by lofty mountains, which 
 were overgrown with stately forest-trees. This was 
 not to be the northern termination of their voyage. 
 They sailed along the coast at three or four leagues 
 of distance from it. Many agreeably picturesque 
 landscapes of wood and lawn, of hill and dale, amaz- 
 ingly diversified in form and combination, opened to 
 their view on the land, while they advanced. In 
 cjii^ 46V N. Lat. and in ^3s° 57^' £• Longitude, 
 a point was discovered, to which Captain Vancou- 
 ver give the name of Point Sr Gkok-cje. At an 
 Inconbideiable distance south from this point, he 
 commenced, in obedieice to hiy imtruction^ from 
 the Lords of the Admiralty, a very particular sur- 
 vey of the coast. 
 
 bailing onwards, they perceived the shores to bf. 
 formed by high precipices and dt^ep chasms. The 
 inland mountains were generally covered with tall 
 pines and other trees. Nousnows appeared even on 
 the bleakest of these hills. Numberlebs rocky islets 
 
 I' 
 
322 
 
 ouver's voyage 
 
 s.k'rtef! tViP scores. Under the shelter of a project- 
 in? lock, in .\.^ ^S' N. Lnt. In 233" 4/ E. Loner. 
 tho\ wen. obli^en to come to r. c'^or. on Tue .ay 
 the 24th of April. To the jiittin^^ land of which 
 this rock formed a \) \r< ^ Caprain Vancouver pave 
 the n^nic of Cap^: ("Rrirvn. Horn? natives of tlic 
 coast c.ime out \n r^nncs to the ships, 'vhiie they lay 
 
 in this sta'i 
 
 on. 
 
 I' 
 
 ^itse peonle were 
 
 ^^' 
 
 itl 
 
 nue in 
 
 the 
 
 cjr 
 
 manners : t -e evpre^8lo:1 in ihc;v countenance*? w;i«; 
 mild : tlitir complexion or colour was .i licht olive : 
 their persons were low and slender : -n their ears 
 and noses, they wore small ornaments of bone : their 
 liairwas long, black, clean, neatly conileJ, and tied 
 in a club behind, — in some instances, both before and 
 behlnci : their canon's were rudclv hollo wed, each from 
 the trunk or a sin!;le tree, of capacioi'«:ness sullicient 
 to bear eight persons j but unfit for going far out to 
 sea : Their garments were of skinn of deer, bears, 
 foxes, or river-otters. Thcyc people bi ought out with 
 them a few trivial articles, for bartei j a!»king iron 
 and beadn In return. They were scrapulously ho- 
 nest in their tralTic ; nor did they either attempt 
 theft ; or even readily accept presents uncompen- 
 sated. To about a league northward from Cape 
 Orford, cK:»«^crs of rocky islets continue to skirt the 
 bhores. A straight sandy bc.ch thou succeeds ) 
 and, behind it, ihr country rises with a Tiountainoui 
 elevation. 
 
 On the 26lh, our voyigcrs resumed their pti-gresi 
 and thtir survey. Stei;p crag,rv clilFs soon appear- 
 ed 10 define the sea.shore •, nnd, beyond them, the 
 land presentrd ru!;;;'*d stony mountains, and dc-p 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 323 
 
 chasms. They passed the Cape Gregory, Cape Per« 
 PETUA, and Cape Foulweathlr, of Cook.. At sun- 
 set, on Thursday the 26th of February, they arriv- 
 ed within sight of Cape Look-out, so named by Cap- 
 tain IMeares, in 4/' s/.' N. Lat. in 236° 1 1' E. Long, 
 From that Cape, wood-covered mountains, of consi- 
 derable altitude, extend for about ten leagues north- 
 ward. As they advanced, the land presented the 
 interesting prospect of a wooded country, of moder- 
 ate elevation, diversified by knolLs, hills, and moun- 
 tains, and exhibiting every indication of a soil un- 
 commonly fertile. In their progress, they arrived, 
 on Saturday, the 28th, within sight of a hitheito un- 
 noticed point, in 47'^' 2J N. Lat. in E. Long. 233° 
 581', on which was conferied the appellation of 
 Point Gklnvil-e. Oa the same day, they came 
 within view of an isle, which they believed to be 
 the same \vl'.icli had, before, received the name of 
 DtsTRUcnoN IsLK, ffom IVlr Barcla- , who com- 
 manded a vessel in the fur trade. Its situation if 
 in 47" 37' N. Lat. in 233'* 49' E. Long. From 
 Cape Orfjrd to l)estructi(jn Isle, no inhabitants had 
 been seen by our navigators on the coast. Some 
 canoes were observed, paddling round this desart 
 isle. It is lar;'er than anv of the mure soutiiern 
 islets, wliich Captain Vuncoavcr hud o.)S(:rved in 
 these Intiiude.. It niav be about u league in cir- 
 cumfeitnce, is level at i'S tup, and exhibi s no pro- 
 duct woiihy (if notice, save only one or twu dwutf- 
 trces nt cich end. 
 
 An Amcric.»n ve».s.*l, in the fur-trjtdf, w.is sctu 
 ucai, b) oui' voyugci^i &uon uitcr thty had ]^ tssed 
 
^4 
 
 VANCOUVER'S VOYAGE 
 
 Destruction Isle. Her name was the Columbia of 
 Boston, Robert Gray commander. From Mr Gray 
 was obtained some useful information concerning 
 some arms of the sea, lying farther north, which en- 
 tered far inland, and concerning the treachery of 
 WiCANANisH, a native chieftain of Queen Cham.otte's 
 Isles, of which Mr Gray, with his crew and vessel, 
 had been almost made the prize. A mountain, with 
 two very lofty and picturesque summits, which were 
 covered with snows, and which had their bases at 
 an elevation, that, though lower than they, was 
 still very lofty,— about this time attracted llie no- 
 tice of Captain Vancouver, as the most remarkable 
 that he had hitherto seen on the American coast. 
 It might perhaps be that which Mr Meares has 
 named Mount Olympus : lUit the dusky obscurity 
 of the atmosphere m:ide it, at this time, impossibL* 
 to ascertain its situation with precision, bcveral 
 villages were, soon after, discovered to be thinly 
 scattered along the shore. Our navigators soon 
 found themselves at the entrance of De f'lxw's 
 Streights. They entered between Tatooche's Isle, 
 and a low rock, to which Captain Va'icouver w.js 
 iuduced to give the n^me of Rock. Duncan. Ou 
 the beach were several cnnics j but the progress of 
 the ships was loo rapid to permit any of these to 
 join tlicni. l i • v illagc of Classet, which was per- 
 ceived on the slh'j'c, iccmo i cnnsidernbly populous. 
 A rock, supposril to he tin; noted Pinnacle Rock, 
 was seen, soon after fiur voy.igcrs had entered the 
 tilrciihiH beyond Iaf. ochu's -Jsle. On the even- 
 ing of the 2<,»th of Apiii, lucy anchored at the dii- 
 
r,OUND THE WORLD. 
 
 325 
 
 tance of nine miles witliln the entrance of tlie sup- 
 poieu Strcights of De Fuca. Desirous to explore 
 these Sireights throuf^h their whole extent, they 
 soon renewed their course, and sailed onwards to 
 the westward ; while, on either hand, towards both 
 the north an.l the south, there was land, which, as 
 it seemed, miji;ht be but divided pn^jections of the 
 same continent. A low sandy point ot land attracting 
 their notice, as they sailed on : They named it, from 
 its similarity to Dun^eness, in the British channel,— 
 New Dunceness. On the southern side of the bay, 
 they could soon after, distinguisli an Indian village. 
 They had already advanced farther into tliis inlet, 
 than any former navigator was known to have done. 
 'I hfy determined to explore it to its inmost extremi- 
 ties. A port was seen, after some f;xvtlier prepress, 
 to open to the southward. They entered it ; 
 found it to afturd shelter to their vessels, and for 
 themselves, easy access to water y and gave it the 
 name of Port Discovehv. The country adjacent 
 Wks of moderate elevation, bcuitifully diversified 
 by the interspersion of liilU with vales, and clothed 
 with verdure of very plcasiac[ aspect. On the shore 
 j;rtw strawberry- shrubs, t;oo«el)erry, raspberry, and 
 currant-bushes •, clovers, samphires, and some coarse 
 grasses, were diffused over the turf. All the re- 
 gctablcs appeared to ll.)urish with a remarkably lu- 
 xuriant growth. In a station so commodious and 
 agreeable, our voyagers were induced to rest, to re- 
 fit their vessel, and to perform such othci libour^ 
 as were requisite for their accommodation in the 
 continuance of their vovarc. 
 
 ! \l 
 
 Dd 
 
 iploring 
 
32^ 
 
 VANCOUVER'S VOYAGE 
 
 •farther to the south-west, they discovered another 
 harbour, on which they bestowed the name of Port 
 TowNSHtND. 1 hey prosecuted their discoveries far- 
 ther 'f and found, towards the south-east and the 
 south, a deep entrance, which was named Admiral- 
 ty Inlet j and which had iis southern termination 
 in a sou/u/, which was denominated Fuget's l)Ouno. 
 The natives came down to them, while they examin- 
 ed these coasts ^ behaved with inoiTensive gentle- 
 ness J and eagerly engaged in transactions of trallic. 
 1'he small- pox had recently made very cruel rava- 
 ges among these good people. All the surrounding 
 country still presented a fertile soil, a territory ve- 
 ry agreeably diversified in its level, a great luxuri- 
 ance of vegetation, and extensive woods, filled with 
 the noblest forest trees. At the eastern coast of the 
 gr( at bay, within the btreigiitsof l)e Fuca, Captain 
 Vancouver, with Mr Brougliton, and their olHcrrs, 
 went on shore, and formally took possession of tins 
 track of country— ^vhich thty believed themselves to 
 liave been the first to discover,— in the name ol tlie 
 IJrltisli Sovereign. From Admiralty inlrt, they 
 turned their course northward. An extensive ter- 
 ritory, whether insular or continental, they did not 
 yet know, now intervened on the west, between 
 their present course and the open ocean, from which 
 they had entered De Fuca's Streights. I o an cx- 
 Icnsive bay, which opened, as they advanced, into 
 the eastern continental l.ind, tlicy gave the name of 
 liKLi,iNi;nA>rs Hay. 'I'lic passage expandin^r, as ti^cy 
 proceeded norihwards, into an extensive gulph, ilicy 
 ^avc it the raine of the GuLrii of Glorgia. it wan 
 
7^ 
 
 ,>x^ 'U^"*^'^-^ 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 sn 
 
 asfsin contracted into a Streight ; small islets were 
 here and there interposed : Now to one side, now to 
 another, the sea was seen to penetrate with its arms 
 to a considerable depth into the land : The htreight 
 winded away btfore tiiem, with many curious mean- 
 derlngs, to the N. the N. W. or the N, E. : At last, 
 it permitted them to issue out into the open main, 
 hy what was named queen Charlotte's Sound j 
 and they learned that it was a Great Lie, the inter- 
 jection of which, between the continental shore and 
 the open main, formed those btreights which they had 
 thus dili^^ently explored. With dilliculty escaping 
 from shipwreck, in o^ieen Cliarlotie's Sound, ihey 
 sailed, for a short way, alont^ the continental shore, 
 with no isle dividing their course from the o[>en seas. 
 FiTZHucm's SouNij, formed by isles fronting the wes- 
 tern shore of the continent, next presented itself to 
 their passacfe. After examining this Sound, they 
 returned, more hastily, and without deviating from 
 the common route, to the Sound of Nootka, on the 
 western ccist of the great isle which they had disco- 
 vered. 'I'hey reached Woody Point, in 50 6' N. Lat. 
 in 2^2*^ 17' E. Long, on Monday the 27th of August. 
 On the follou ing day, they arrived at the entrance of 
 Nootka Sound. Captain Vancouver was now satis- 
 fied ; that, by his cxatnlnatlon of the Streiglits of tlic 
 pretended l)e Fuca, it was fully ascertained •, that, 
 there was not here any passage between the Pacltio 
 and the Atlantic Oceans, dividing into two the A- 
 merican continent. 
 
 At Nootka Sound, Captain Vancouver was polite^ 
 ly received by Senior (Quadra, who commandtd ilicio 
 
 Dd2 
 
3^8 
 
 VANCOUVER'S V O Y A G t 
 
 for liis Catholic Mojestv, the Kin/r of Spain. Qua- 
 dra was to surrender : Vancouver was to receive, in 
 his Sovereign's name, tbe surrendered posse<.sions. 
 A long show of negociation passed between the two 
 oiHcers. At last, Captain Vancouver learned, that, 
 Ijy the convention between the ministiTs of Spain 
 and those of Great Britain, there was nothing to be 
 sunendered,— but the houses which British suhiects 
 ha<l possessed, at the bottom of this Sound, the 
 stores which they had depositeo in these houses, and 
 the lands whicli they had here inclosed and culti- 
 vated ; that there %vcre absolutely no such house*, 
 stores, nor inclosed lands j and that, therefore the 
 convention was perfectly l/.'usory^ and the British had 
 no such snnenders to receive. Captain Vancouver 
 had conceived the whole territory of Nootka Sound, 
 so far as it was first discovered by British naviga- 
 tois, to be unquestionably a domain of the British 
 Empire •, and had expected that the Spanish cession 
 was to be made upon this principle. He therefore 
 refused that surrender which alone Senior cniadra 
 would give *, protested against the Spanish interpre- 
 tation of the c'jfrjcnt.''iH j and prepared to transmit to 
 the British Court a taithful account of all that had 
 passed bctiveen himself and the Spanish commander. 
 'I'lie Spaniards, in the mean time, treated the Bri- 
 tish gentlemen, and the ships' companies, with the 
 most courteous hospitality and benevolence. The 
 l.indest and n»o>t unsuspicious intcrcouise of friend- 
 ship, took place between Captain Vancouver and 
 ISenior (quadra. *1 hey associated in visiting the na- 
 tives, and leceiving their visits. Ma'^'inna, or Ma- 
 QUiLLA, ihc chief oi the adjngcn*. courtiy, came of. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 3=9 
 
 ten among them. He had made a second sale to 
 the Spaniards of that territory which he had before 
 sold to the British. The British were now, accord- 
 ing to Quadra's interpretation of the treaty, free to 
 enter the Sound, and to acquire possessions : But 
 the ^paniards were still to retain those possessions 
 which they had purchased, fortified, and cultivated. 
 Thus unsuccessful, in retjard to the first capital ob- 
 ject of his expedition. Captain Vancouver had now 
 only to proceed to accomplish the others. He was 
 joii ed at Noolka Sound by the Daj Jalus. With the 
 Doidalus and the Chatham, he returned southward. 
 In the sound he had vessels both English and Ameri- 
 can *, and it appeared that the fur-trade was still pro- 
 seuted, on these coasts, with great enterprise and suc- 
 cess. He renewed the survey of these coasts, from 
 Nootka Sound to the coast of New Albion. Other 
 headlands, hays, crteks, and islets, unknown to for- 
 mer navigdtors, were discovered i;i those parts, 
 which had been the most carelessly explored in 
 Captain Vancouvc'r's voyage northward. Every 
 observation tended to confirm the tact, that, at least, 
 within these 1 tiludes, there was no passatrc of com- 
 munication bet 'ccn the Pacific and the Atlantic 
 Oceans. 'I'lic great livcr of Col.umdia the exist- 
 ence of which, between 46" and 47^ N. Lat had 
 been mentioned by Captain Gray, was dixcovercJ 
 and examined. On the i ^th of November, the 
 Discov<:ry arrived safe in the Spanish liarhour of 
 San Francisco, in 39" N Lat. where, by the ^'ood 
 ulhccs of his fiicnd, Senior c^adia, Captain Van* 
 ojuvui soon expciicnccd a kind and endcuilng hoso 
 
330 
 
 VANCOUVER'S VOYAGE 
 
 pltality from the Spaniards. The conduct of the 
 missionaries, in the conversion of the nntive Indiana, 
 and in the government of those whom they have con- 
 verted, in a particuhir manner attracted \m notice. 
 From San Francixo he soon proceeded to Mon- 
 terey, where he was received by his friend Signior 
 Quadra. The civilities of miadra agreeably detain- 
 ed the English voyagers for a short while at Mon-. 
 terey. Mr Kroughton was dispatched hence, home 
 to Britain, with letters, informing the Lords of tlie 
 Admiralty of the transactions at Nootka-Sound. 
 Lieutenant Ilergest, of the storeship the DreJalus, 
 had perished at Woahoo, by the treachery of the 
 people of that isle j and Captain Vancouver found it 
 now necessary to reviiit the Sandwich Isles. He 
 failed for them in the beginning of the year 1793. 
 On the I 3th of February he arrived on the coast ot 
 Owhyhee. Taniaahmaaha, chief or sovereign, of the 
 isle, Kahovvmotoo likewise, and Tianna the second- 
 ary cliieftains, with all their sulijccts and dependents 
 in general, received tlieir British friends with eager 
 joy, and liberal hospitality. Provisions were ob- 
 tained In great abundance : And presents and com- 
 mercial exchanges were given, v;hich proved highly 
 acceptable, no less than useful, to the natives. Two 
 ICnglish sailors were found in the service of the so- 
 vereign of Owhyhee, to whose services Captain 
 Vancouver ncknowUdges liimsclf to have been not 
 ' » little indebted. From Owhyliee, the Discovery 
 sailed to visit tiie other isles. Every wlicre. Cap- 
 tain Va)\couver experienced a friendly reception, 
 was assailed by no treachery of the natives, iraprcs. 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 33* 
 
 sed them with reverence, as well for himself and his 
 companions, as for the whole British name. In 
 Woahoa he was so fortunate as to procure the mur- 
 derers of Lieutenant Hergest to be punished with 
 death, by the authority of their own chieftains. He 
 attempted^ in vain, to mediate a peace between the 
 monarch of Owhyhee and ihtise of the other isles, 
 whom he had formerly found at war, and between 
 whom hostilities were still prolonged. He Was 
 however careful not to encourage their hostilities^ 
 by furnishing them with arms and ammunition, as 
 had been done by the captains of the trading ves* 
 sels. After refreshing his crew fur five or six weeks 
 among them, and taking in adequate supplies of the 
 provisions which they afforded. Captain Vancouver 
 prepared to sail to the north-west coast of Ameriea, 
 for the purpose of following out that plan of nautical 
 investigation and discovery, which his instructions 
 had maTked out for him. He sailed from the Sand- 
 wich Isles on tlie 3Gth of March. 
 
 He held his course straight for the north-west 
 co.^st of America. On Saturday the i8th of May, 
 he had advanced so far along It, as to liavc arrived 
 within si^ht of the great u\e of Quadra and ''an- 
 touver, the insular character of which wus first dis- 
 covered in his former voyage. On the 20th he 
 reached the Sound of Nootka. Lieutenant Puget 
 in the Ch.itham had anived here in the month of 
 April •, had left letters for Captain Vancouver j and 
 had then sailed northward. The Spaniards still 
 kept possession of their establishment at Nootka 
 bound J but olil'red to the liritibh commander, cvc« 
 
332 
 
 Vancouver's voyage 
 
 ry accommodation which they could possibly af- 
 ford, for his voyage. The native chief Maqjjinna 
 was likewise glad to sec again his British acquain- 
 tance. Maquinna's daughter had, during the ab- 
 sence of Captain Vancouver, been proclaimed heir- 
 ess of his dominions, and had been betrothed to the 
 son of Wacananish, a neighbouring Chief. With- 
 out tarrying here for any length of time j they soon 
 renewed their voyage j and, on the 24th of May, 
 found themselves in 51° 9' N. Lat. in 231'' 38' E, 
 Long. A deep inlet into the continental coast be- 
 ing discovered, as they advanced from this latitude, 
 received the name of Burke's Canal. A people, 
 speaking a language different from that of the peo- 
 ple of Nootka, and in features resembling the north- 
 ern Europcansj'visited them, while they sailed along 
 the coast in these latitudes. Islands, sounds, 
 streights, bays, arms of the sea descending far into 
 the land, met their notice, as hey proceeded. 
 They were still careful to explore the continental 
 coast. King's Island, — Princess Royal Isles, at 
 some distance westward, — Queen Charlotte's Isles, 
 no new discovery,— —Pitt's Archipelago, — the 
 
 IsLAt.D OF ReVILLA GlGEDO, pRINCE OF WaLKs' Ar- 
 
 CIirPELAGO, DuKK OF YoRK's IsLAND, AoMIRALTf 
 
 Isle,— were the most remarkable isles interposed 
 to protect the continental coast from the waves of 
 the Pacific Ogean, which Capi;ain Vancouver and 
 his ass'stants discovered in their progress from 31"' 
 
 43' 'o 57" 3^' *^' ^■•^^' Nc^^' Albion, — New Geor- 
 gia, — New Hanover, — New Cornwall, were the 
 lumcs now and fuimerly bestowed on these districts 
 
RODND THE WORLD. 
 
 335 
 
 of the adjficent continental coast which have been 
 discovered by Britons. While these discoveries 
 were prosecuted, the natives of the coast often vi- 
 sited Captain Vancouver and his companions Once 
 or twice they shewed dispositions for hostility j and 
 skirmishes, in which they were worsted, took place. 
 Upon all other occasions, their conduct was friend- 
 ly *, and they were eager to trafiic with the stran- 
 gers. After the middle of September 179?, Cap- 
 tain Vancouver found it necessary to shape his 
 course backward to the south, deferring the farther 
 examination of this coast till the following year. 
 
 Returning, he arrived at Nootka-Sound, on the 
 5th of October. On the 8th, having made some 
 necessary repairs, and left letters for any vessel that 
 should arrive here with dispatches for him, he re- 
 newed his voyage southward. A part of the coast 
 of New Albion was again particularly explored, as 
 they sailed on. On the 1st of November, they 
 reached Monterey. To his astonishment, he here 
 met with such an unhospitable reception from Sig- 
 Nioa Arrilaga the commandant, that he was (jbli-'cd 
 to depart without refreshing his crews, and refitting 
 the ships, as he had intended. After some farther 
 examination of these >hores, he thought proper to 
 steer for the Sandwich Isles. At another Presidio 
 however, before his departure from the Ameiican 
 coast, he found a more courteous reception, and 
 was permitted to refresh the crews on shore. On 
 Wednesday the 8th of January 1794, he arrived 
 lafe on the coast of Ovvhyhee, 
 
334 
 
 VANCOUVER S VOYA(?E 
 
 ' Tamaahiraaha, the sovereign of tlie isle, soon ho- 
 noured our vovi^gers vvnth a visit. He accompanied 
 them to the bay of Karakakoa. The distinction 
 with which they treated him, in preference to Tianna 
 and the otlier cliieftan*!, made him very much their 
 friend. The kindest entertainment, the most friend- 
 ly confidence, the most abundant supply of provi- 
 sions, from 'he natives, made Captain Vancouver 
 and his friends exceedingly happy during their stay at 
 Owhyhee. At last, Tamaahmaaharesohtd to make 
 a cesiion (f the vohoL- isle of Owhyhee^ to Captain 
 Vancouver, in the name of his sovereign, the King o# 
 Great Britain. Captain Vancouver, sensible that 
 these and the other bouth Sea islands were becoming, 
 cv€ry day, of higher and higher importance to Eu- 
 ropean, and especially to British commerce, did not 
 refuse the offered cession. The Owhyheean Chiefs 
 understood j that, in consequence of this cession of 
 their isle to the British monarch, they should hence- 
 forth enjoy the protection of Britain against all 
 theirfoes, whether of the neighbouring isles or of 
 any other country, — should be frequently visited by 
 friendly ships, — should receive many of such pre- 
 sents as might contribute either to gratify the ir ca. 
 price, or to enrich their isle with new animals, new 
 vegetables, new aits,-— and should be obliged, in 
 consequence of all this, only to own the sovereignty 
 of the British monarch, and to provide plentiful 
 supplier of provisions for a fair price, to Britons 
 arriving among them. It seems indeed to be abso- 
 lutely necessary, that the people of all these isles 
 should be taken under Briti'jh protection, to savt 
 
ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 335 
 
 them from those mischiefs which are introduced a- 
 mong thera by the conduct of different mercantile 
 adventurers. From Owhyhee, Captain Vancouver 
 proceeded to others of the Sandwich Isles, at which 
 he obtained a supply of vegetables. ' -■'"■ 
 
 On the 13th of March 179 <, he ag^in sailed for 
 the N. W. coast of America. In the beginning of 
 April, they had reached the Aratrican coast. They 
 traced the const between the latitude at which they 
 had terminated their survey in the year 179;^ and 
 the 62° X. Lat. They pursued it where it bends 
 away to the westward ; entered Cook's Inler.— 
 Prince Williams bound, — and tiOse N. W. dis- 
 tricts, vvhere the Russians from Siberia have m^de 
 settlements for the purpose of tlie fur trade ; di»co« 
 vered isles, bays, sounds, and heaiiUuds, which had 
 escaped the notice of Cook, and all tormer naviga- 
 tors J and ascertained that there was, in these ex- 
 treme northern latitudes, no passage by which ships 
 might cross over into the northern Atlantic Ocean. 
 Having traced all thee most northern iiilets to their 
 extremities deep in the continental coast ; our navi- 
 gators then bt'iit their course southward, examining 
 the coa^t still with equal care, down to vvhere they 
 had already completed the- survey of it. From 
 Cook's Inlet and Prince William's Sound, they 
 found tiie coast to be fronted by comparatively few 
 isles, down to the northern extremity of that which 
 they had named King George the Phird's Archi- 
 pelago. 
 
 Having completed the survey of these coasts, Rnd 
 ascertained the non-CKistence of th.c long-sought 
 
r 
 
 .^36 
 
 N. W. 
 
 VANCOUVLR's voyage, &CC. 
 
 p?issage, our voyagers returned to Nootka. 
 They were hospitably received by the Spaniards j 
 and gave great pleasure to the cb'cftains, by visiting 
 them at their villages. From Nootka they sailtd 
 to Monterey, and found there a more hospitable re- 
 ception than oa the preceding year. The Conven- 
 tion had now been explained agreeably to Captain 
 Vancouver's views j but he received not notice of 
 this, till it was too late for him to stay to receive the 
 surrender. Sailing southward from Monterey, he 
 passed among some of the Equatorial isles adjacent 
 to the American coast. At Valparaiso, he was re- 
 ceived virh kind hospitality : And the invit./ion of 
 the ^pnaish governor Higgins h \ him to viiit St Ja- 
 co the capital of Chili. 
 
 Renewing his voyage, he, in due time, reached 
 St Helena, where he captured the Macassar Dutch 
 East Ir.dia-man. From St Helena, he renewed hib 
 Voyage in company with his Majesty's ship, the 
 Scrptrv and a convoy of merchant ships. On Sa- 
 turday the 13th of Se|itember '."iCt^, tl'.e Discovery 
 WHS salely moored in tlie river I^hannon j f»nd Cap- 
 tain Vancouver set out for Londun. Only j;v of 
 the ship's c>.m(;any had. by dlseakc and accidents, 
 perished in the course of so long an expedition. On 
 the 17th of (.)cto^^er. the Ch tham also arrived, 
 with all her ship's company. Captain Vancouver 
 himself i» sii.cc dead. His brother is the editor of 
 the nccount of his voyage. But it was almost 
 wholly prepared loi ihc press by the Captain him- 
 self. 
 
 E x\ D. 
 
Nootka. 
 
 aniards j 
 
 r visiting 
 
 y sailed 
 
 table re- 
 
 Conven - 
 
 Captain 
 
 otice of 
 
 eive the 
 
 -ray, he 
 
 adjacent 
 
 was re- 
 
 tu^ion of 
 
 it St Ja- 
 
 reached 
 r Dutch 
 ewed hifc 
 lip, the 
 
 On Sa. 
 iscovery 
 id Cap- 
 ly j/v of 
 cidciits^ 
 on. O.i 
 arrivrd, 
 ncouver 
 ditor of 
 
 almoic 
 in hi id-