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IM V WITH NOTES OF JfHM IIANSCONIINENTAL TRAINS GREAT LAKES ROUTE AND TJTH MONTREAL AND TORONTO LIi\.E MONTREAL J-XJUSrE 1888 ■H EDITION EAST AND WEST CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. IMB^TABLE WITH NOTES OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL TRAINS THE GREAT LAKES ROUTE AND THE MONTREAL AND TORONTO LINE. MONTREAL J""CriSrE 1888 OEIsTEK^^Xj ofifioei^s HEAD OFFICES : MONTREAL, CANADA SibGho. Stbphbn, Bart. W. C. Van Hornb Charles Drikkwater . . . . President Montreal . Vice-President Montreal . Secretary Montreal T. O. Shauohnessy Assistant General Manager Montreal George Olps General Traffic Manager Montreal Luaus TuTTLB Passenger Traffic Manager Montreal Hbmry Bbatty Man. St'mship Lines & Lake Traffic Toronto L G. OoDEN Comptroller Montreal W. Sutherland Taylor Treasurer Montreal L. A. Hamilton Land Commissioner Winnipeg T. A. MACKINNON . . . . ^ Gen. Supt., Ontario & Atlantic Div Montreal j C. W. Spencer Gen. Supt., Eastern Div Montreal | Wm. WHYTa Gen. Superintendent, Western Div Winnipeg Harry Abbott Gen. Superintendent, Pacific Div Vancouvej EoBHBT Kerr Gen. Frt & Pass. Act., W. & P. Divs Winnipeg D. MoNiooLL Gen. Pass. Ag't, 0. & A. and E. Divs Montreal G. M. BoswoBTH A. F. Traflf. Man., 0. & A. & R Divs .Montreal J. N. Sutherland Gen. Freight Agent, Ont Div Toronto| J. A. Sheffield Supt. Sleeping, Dining and Parlor Cars Montreal] E. S. Anderson General Baggage Agent ....Montreal ■ a iMontreal, Que. . Adelaide, S. Aus Agentn Oceanic S-S.Co. Ti««+«« iM-Qoa / ^- E. McPheraon, Dis. Pas. AKt..211 Washington St. Boston, mass. -^ jj j (,^1^. ^^^ ^..^^ ^^ ^^^ - gll Washington St. Brockville, Ont A. Caswell, Ticket Agent. ... 146 Main St, Buffalo, N. Y Messrs. Hurd & Hyde, Tkt. Agts., 15 Exchange St. Chicago, Ill J- Francis Lee, Com. Agt...»232 Clark St ] Glasgow. Scotland A. Baker, European Traffic Agent ... 135 Buchanan St. Halifax N.S C. R. Barry, Ticket Agent. . .126 HoUis St. jHamilton ....Ont W.J. Grant 8 St. James Street South. IHiogo Japan Messrs. Frazar & Co. iHong K'ong,f .... China Adamson, Bell & Co., Agents for China. Liverpool, Eng A. Baker, European Traffic Agt . . 1 7 James St. London, Eng " " " ..88 Cannon St [London, Ont T. R. Parker, Ticket Ag't, No. 1 Masonic Temple, Richmond St . . . A. B. Chaffee, Jr., City Pass. Agt, 266 St. James St {E.V. Skinner, Gen. Eastern Agent .337 Broadway. J. Ottenheimer, Land & Emigration Agt, 30 State St. Everett Frazar, China & Japan A., 124 Water St ll^iagara Falls, N. Y 1^. Isaacs, Prospect House. liNiagara Falls, « Ont George M. Colbum, Clifton House. [Ottawa, Ont J. E. Parker, City Pass. Agt. .42 Sparks St. JFortland, Me Agent Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad. I Portland, Ore C. G. McCord,Frt & Pass. Agt.6 Washington St I Ft. Townseud, Wash. Ter James Jones. Quebec, Que J. W. Ryder, City Pass. Agt.. St Louis Hotel. Ist. John, N.B,. ....... Chubb & Co., Ticket Agents . . Chubb's Comer. {Goodall,Perkin9&Co,Agts.\irt M-rkn c{f Pacific Coast S. S. Co. / ^" ^"^ ■ *^ D. B. Jackson, Pass. Agent. .214 Moni^t luerv St M. M. Stern 222 Montgomery St [Seattle, .... Wash. Terr E. W. McGinnis. [Shanghai, China Adamson, Bell & Co. ... . Agents for China. [Sydney N. S. W Alex. Woods, Agent for Australia. iTacoma, .... Wash. Ter E. E. Ellis, Frt. & Pass. Agt Toronto. .....Ont { "^^ ^^^Z^^"^ \ 110 King Street W. V»oouver. B.C......{g;|l">C^^st^f^,l^'S^"'- [Victoria, B.C Robt Irving, Frt and Pass. Agt., Government St I Winnipeg, Man G. H. Campbell, City Ticket Agt471 Main St. I Yokohama, Japan Frazar & Ca, Agents for Japan. I Canadian Pacific Railway tzbke: xabz^e, 'vtztw. notes -:o:- Eastern Division— Quebec and Montreal: 172 Miles Mi leu froiii Moiii'l 172 w.»t- bounil Train I.EAVH *2.45 1'. M. 168 164 158h 146 142 136 133 129 126 119 114 107 97 STATIONS — Dhscriptivb Notes 2.54 .33 3.50 4.18 5.00 Quebec— Population 75,000. This old city occupies the baso and summit of a lofty <5rag projectinc into the St. Law- rence. Jactjues Cartior, the first European who sailed into the river, spent the winter of 1535 at the base of tlie cliffs, and Froncih fur companies soon after established here a liead(]uarters for tradinjr. As the settlement grew, and the fortifications were enlarged, Quebec became the stronghold of Canada, remaining so until captured by the English under Wolfe, in 1759. No city in America is so grandly situated, or offers views from its higher points so diversified and lovely. In Upper Town, on the highlands, the public buildmgs, churches, convents, schools, business blocks and hotels are found. Lower Town is tlie commercial quarter, and abounds in irregu- lar, narrow streets and quaint old houses. Enormous transactions in lumber go on here annually. The lower valley of the St. Lawrence and the northern lumbering regions draw their merchandise from this centre. The surrounding country is remarkably interesting in scenery, history, and opportunities for sport The railways lead- ing here are the Canadian Pacific and the Quebec & Lake St. John. To Levis, on the opposite bank of the St. Lawrence, come the Grand Trunk, the Intercolonial, a»d the Quebec Central. Transatlantic steamers of the Allan, Beaver and Dominion lines land here in summer, and local steamers depart for the lower St. Lawrence and the Saguenay rivers. Lake St. John R'y. liOrette Belair , tSt. Jean de Neuvillo St. Bazile Portneuf Deschambault Lachevrotiere Orondines Ste. Anne de la Parade Batiscan Champlain Piles Junction ing of every Ancient settlements, originally seig- nories, fronting upon the St. Law- rence. Powerful rivers come down from the hills at frequent intervals, giving water-power to almost every village. The fishing is *exx;ellent in all of these streams, and one of them (the Jacques Cartier) is a noted sal- mon river. All the villages are quaint and picturesque in the highest degree, and French is almost universally spoken. Lake St. John R'y Junction is at the divergence of a line to Lake St. John and the headwaters of the Saguenay, where shooting and fish- kind are plentiful. Lorette is mainly a settlement of Christianized Huron Indians, founded 250 years ago. Portneuf (poe. 2,500) is a thriving factory town devoted principally to shoemaking and wood-pulp. From Hies Junction a branch line extends to the farming district of Grand Piles, 22 miles northward, near the great Shawanegan Falls in the St. Maurice, a stream afiTording firie fishing, f Refreshment Station „ „«* Additional trams leave Montreal for Quebec at 3.30 p.m. and 10.00 p.m., and Quebec 9.00 a.m. and 10.03 p.m. Eunt- bniiiid Tr ain AUUIVE n.2o P.M. Places of interest Railway and St ani- ship conneo tiona 1.08 12.32 12.15 NOON 11.42 11.20 11.06 from Vanc'v r 3050 3044 MiliM Wel (Vjiii biiun M.piifl Tr»l LBA^ 94 ^5.1 r.M 86 70 5 74 5 70 64 6 61 56 6 48 48 42 39 6. J yo4i ■ 35 6.4 3035 ■ 27 3023 ■ ■ 23 7.1 3018 ■ 17 3014 ■ 13 7.3 301(J ■ 10' 7.3l 3006 ■ '^ 7.4 300;i I -^ 7.5 2998 1 299S 1 ?9S(; ■ 2977 ■ 8.0| ■ p.mI * Additi '.0<) a.m. anc tFlag Static for Montraal 4 i Refroflhment Station KABTHRN DIVISION Alii.'i WVll- fr.jni boiind M.mfl Tr»ln LEAVE 94 ^5.10 P.M. St. Mau- rice River 80 79 5.33 74 5.42 70 64 6.00 61 56 6.10 48 Ancient Cus- toms 48 6.26 42 39 35 6.48 27 23 7.11 17 13 7.30 10 7.37 5 7.41 7.51 ARRIVE 8.05 P.M. STATIONS— L>EB(R I PTivB Notes §Three Rivera—Population 10,0t.». At the mouth of the St. Maurice, and at the iiead of tidewater in the St. Lawrence. It was founded in 1618, and played an im- portant part in the early history of Canada. Jt is emi- nent for its Roman Catholic institutions, and is one of the prettiest towns in the province. The chief industry is the shipment of lumber. The I dominion govornment has expended $200,000 in improving niivigation upon the St. Maurice, and over $1,000,000 has been invested in mills and booms above the city, where logs are accu- mulated. There are large iron- works and machine-slioiis here, making stoves and car-wheels in great numbers from the bog-iron ore of the vicinity. Steamers ply daily to adjacent river villages. Fointe du Lao Yamaohiohe Louiserville Maskinonge St. Berthelemi St. Cathbert Berthier Junction Lanoraie acterize French The route now lies across the low- lands stretching between the northern bank of the St. Lawrence and the hills which lie at a distance from the river constantly increasing as wo proceed. This is for the most part a i)erfectly level and closely cultivated plain, cut up into the small fields that char- farming districts throughout the older parts of Quebec, and result from the continual subdivision of bequeathed estates. The compact vil- lages are very prosperous and much resorted to in summer by city people In each one the churche.s and educational or charitable institutions of the Roman Catholic faith are tho most conspicuous buildings. Near Louiseville (pop. 1,500), where Lake St. Peter is seen, are the St. Leon Springs, a popular watering-place and health resort Berthur and Lanoraie junctions are the stations for populous liver-landings of the same names. Joliette Junction LaValtrieRoad L'Assomption L'Epiphanie St. Henri de Mascouche Terrebonne St. Vinoent de Paul St. Martin Junction Sault aux ReooUets t Mile-end Hochelaga reached by short branch-lines; the former has a population of 2,500. From Joliette Junction diverge branch- lines northward to Joliettk (pop. 3,500) and St. Felix db Valois (pop 2,500). At Terrebonne the north branch of the Ottawa is crossed. Here are the limestone quarries which furnish most of the stone used in the neigh- boring cities, and in railway bridge- building, and other heavy masonry. ^ large building passed at St. Vin- The _ cent de Pavl is the provincial penitentiary. At St. Martin's Junction the main trans-continental linte (see p. 7) is joined and followed around the base of Mount Royal into Montreal. Montreal— Quebec Gaffe Station, Dalhousie Square. bonnil Triiin AKIIIVII 10.55 LUNCH Milvt from Vmc'v'r 2976 Mills and Iron Works 10.30 10.20 9.53 Lake St. Peter 9.38 9.17 8.54 8.40 B 1-3 so A.M. 8.10 LEAVE 2968 2961 2955 2951 2946 2941 2938 2930 2929 2924 2920 2916 2907 2903 2898 2893 2896 2900 2904 2906 * Additional trains leave Montreal for Quebec at 3.30 p.m. and lO.OD p.m., and Quebec for Montreal at *.0*) a.m. and 10.03 p.m. j^I^ZPI^OA-OHES TO l^OnSTTI^IJAXj From New York the traveller goint^ to Montreal ha« choice of threo routes. Tlio most direot iy by rail or steamboat up the renowned Hudson River an fur us Albanv. Here he can take the route of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's railway, thron^rh Saratoga Springs, past Lake George, and along the mountainous western shore of l^ako Champlain to House's Point, N.Y., and thence down the storied Richelieu Valley, within sight of the Adirondacks, to Montreal; or he can go by rail, by way of Rutland au»U, H'i'A'l'JONH— I>«»'»UJ'TJ VB NoTKf m J;t.oi Ititt \ W Mi wliWilt throat ijiiautitioM of flieuM rnineralH are shipped. ,luHl |»«',youy an iron hridjio, diroclly over the majinificent fitllw ofUm l>i«vrM Kiv«r. ^'rofwing the Gatineau River, th«i ? j?ro made horo from lo^s floated «lo\vn iVom Min jMdiwrt Uivor and its tributaries. The oily wtiiutiN on \u)i\\ >j;ro\ind overlooking a wide valley, mu\ comuiiiN lumiy lino rosidonces, largo hotels, etc., liiil Uu« Nialoly (inv«>rnuu>ut Muildinjis overshadow all. Uiilofiu Uall. tl\iN msidi^nio of Ijio Governor-General, is hvo miloN ilij«laut. A branch of the Canadian Pacific Urtilway i>\lt>Mils southward to Phksoott, on the St. Law- ivniH». »uul tUoruiuidti Atlantic Railway runs from here to l.(tk«« ClianijttiUit. :{Bvit(aun(a IV>H*H i\>rnor!i filti(t.HviUo AhU(ou il>irUMv>tv VUuv ^,Jun^Jtiou^— roj\ S.t^OO. Junction of a \\r«uch'hm» rmuun»i jhmu!\. oriNssiuj; the Mon;real-and- 1W\nto \ no M ^Mirn\< Fam*; at Rrockvillb. on the Sr \c>v\nn\(\v it i\>niuvtK>« with line* to Xew York. »»Vv At tbrl,;\\M /VsUY arv l!VTv^> saw-mills, railway and Ah\VkM\t*> IVxxyvUniT frv>m OiirkMon Plaoe, the SLi\u » Mno i4»ko«* ft norU>wieis;jii»T!y ooars*, JlSkxwhmu 5 *«U fK^Jk^wiuj: !ho ^eamifuS OiA»w4 1 V*lk»y. x\ Juch. u> IVmbrv'ke aijd be- 8 v^^»(C &« M(x»4l «^Mh;\a^1^i by Ea^Uah, i WlA Mni ^ttflt hmn^ ^\:s.mcei,' Tbt&pfi ^ •>» !h»k)IQ»A!t l«^tl JUOJ |>a>T 3ajLli:il&> ^vxvjmawasj JiiMNd ^% 4j»xv«wSV pj*vt$ *Iii aScisur ai*? iniTt^Kr. I lH>nvincr Ottawa, the railway follows I thosimth bank ofthe Ottawa River for a ^listrtuco, and on it« wiile stretches mny W s.HMi t\norinou3 ouantiti€« of s;nv-U\srs hold in "booms' for the use of tho niUb Ivlow. VV^N Anvpruxr Hi'^d^'i.ul^ -i-.U S»M\xi i\Mwt C»AO«>.ft^-t\i Hx^w^AlNt •i.^ Rf^^i-^^V^w ■$^\t tlWi^.vNt i^i^ r.\\NKVw S!J'i*il'i^ Hw^ir -> 27 -J t.l^ 27c.: 1 M ! 1-41 271' ))"iitf Miiei frum Mont'l We8 boui Trai LEAA 224 4.: 234 A.l 246 5.( 251 5.1 255 5.1 262 5.^ 270 6.( 274 6.1 284 6.; 297 7.( 307 7.i 318 8.0 330 8.3 340 8.5 344 9.0 348 9.1 358 9.3 FIRS DAY y. A > w. K'wa> odi 9.55 A.M Lake Nipis- mg 374 10.20 378 10.32 3S7 10.. -)2 397 11.17 408 11.42 419 NOON 422 12.15 431 12.36 4:36 12.50 /'ilViJT'/^ 'jj«?^ ^hX } FUc SUtion ; Refreshment Station BA8TKRN DIVISION 9 Emu 1 Mill-. bound , frou. Train 1 Vane v'r LBBIVE Phoi- phate mines 'V.M. r4.3o 2787 \4.10 fS.lO \3.00 2783 2781 2777 2771 2703 275S 2.46 2751 2745 Q •>-> 274 2.m 2rS: •-SfTK ■mly.-- l-M 27^' 1.41 27^:. 27^'' 1-M 271- 1-^ STft' IS-*? iT^C sm WfiiP^Vir afi&'i iJ«4' ll'.aicf" \:i-> Ulttl - •ni'- !i-iit» 1 J Milet from Mont'l Wert- bound Train LEAVB 224 4.12 234 A«M* 246 5.00 251 5.13 255 5.25 2(52 5. 44 270 6.04 274 6.14 284 6.38 297 7.08 307 7.33 Timber mills 318 8.01 330 8.32 340 8.50 344 9.07 348 9.15 358 9.32 Game FIRST DAY STATIONS— Descriptive Notes 364 N. A N. W. K'way 9.55 A.M. Lake Nipis- intr 374 10.20 378 10.32 387 10.. 52 397 11.17^ 40S 11.42! 419 NOON j 422 12.15 i 431 12.36: 436 12.. 50 Pembroke tPetewawa Chalk Biver tWylie tBass Lake tMoor Lake Maokey IRookliffe IBissett Deux Rivieres tKlook is the most important town on this section of the line, having many sub- stantial industries and commanding a large part of the trade of the lum- bering districts towards the north. The Ottawa River is again navigable for a considerable distance above and below, and steamboats frequently appear. From Pembroke to Mattawu the railway continues along the west bank of the Ottawa through a country only recently cleared of timber, and not yet generally cultivated. The valley narrows and the Ottawa Hows deeply between the increasing hills. Little towns are growing up around the saw-mills, which occur wherever water-power is to be had. As the wilder country is aj)- proached, opportunities for sport with gun and rod increase. Chalk River is a divisional point, with an engine-house and the usual railwa\ buildings and ap- Mattawa t.Eau Claire tRutherglen Callander tNasbonsing iThorncliffe purtenances. Mattavxi {pop. l,(Kt0) is an old fur-trading post of tlie Hud- son's Bay Company, but at prosout of most importance as a distributing point for the lumbering districts. It is a favorite centre for moose hunters, and guides and supplies for hunting expeditions may always be obtained here. At Mattawa, the lino leaves the Ottawa and strikes across towards Laka Ni pissing, through a somewhat wild and broken country with frequent lakes and rapid streams. Fishing and hunting are excellent. Little villages surrounding saw-mills continue to occur and newly-made farms are not infre- quent There is plenty of good land near by, but the railway here, as in many other places, follows the streams and the " breaks " in the country, and the best is not seen from the car windows. A mile beyond Thomcliffc is the junction of the Northern & Nortliwestern Railway from Toronto, Hamilton, Niagara Falls, etc, coming north by way of Lake Simcoe and the Muskoka lakes. Its trains run on to North Bay, where the actual connec- tion with the Canadian Pacific is made. (>Se(i p. 3H.) §North Bay — Pop. 1,100. A bright new town on Lake Nipissing, an extensive and beautiful sheet of water, 40 miles long and 10 wide, with forest-clad shores and islands. Small steamers ply on the lake, and the dis- trict for a long way about is much frequented by sports- men. North Bay is a railway divisional point, witli re- pair shops, etc., and there is a very gfxjd hotel. From North Bay to Heron Bay, on Lake Superior, tlie linf» traverses a comparatively wild region, where forests, meadows, lakes and rocky ridges alternate. Theswnery is strik- im and in places extremely interest- ing. There are wide intervals of goiyl agricultural land, and the settle- ments already extend for 100 miles beyond Lake Nipissing; but timber-cutting is as yet the principal industry. The landa belong to the Province IBeaueage tMeadowside Sturgeon Falls tVerner JVeuve River tMarkstay tHillorest tWahnapitae ^Romford Kiiat- bouiid Train ARUIVE midn't 12.05 11.15 11.02 10.5(1 10.31 10.10 9.57 9.32 9.00 8.33 Fish and Giuiie 8.08 7.38 7.24 7.10 7.02 0.43 Valley of the Mi'.tta- wim Mllus from Vuiic'v'r 2882 2072 26(iO 2655 2651 2644 2()36 2632 2622 2()()9 2599 2588 257() 256(i 25(i2 2558 2.-)4« : 6.20 2542 , J'.M. ('AiiingQ • oun for 1') run to 5.56 2532 5.44 2528 5.24 2.519 4.. 59 2509 4.. 34 2498 4.W 2487 4.01 2484 3.41 2475 3.28 2470 P.M. 10 BASTBRN DIVISION t Flag Station MUei I West- ttom bound Mont'l Train 443 456 461 467 478 489 501 515 532 549 564 681 599 615 629 644 661 675 681 694 710 727 747 763 776 791 797 802 811 830 846 LBAVB Sport- ing op- portua- ities P.M. 1.12 1.42 1.55 2.10 2.45 13 STATIONS— Descriptive Notes 3. 3. 4. 4. .34 .15 .59 5.38 6.15 6.5« 7.42 P.M. Copper, nickel and gold 8.30 9.09 9.47 10.31 11.07 11.34 11.59 midn't 1.26 2.25 3.30 4.23 4.56 5.26 5.50 6.15 7.10 8.00 A.M. SECOND DAY of Ontario, and are open to settlers in lots of 80 acres without price. The large, clear, rock-bound lakes are in places so numerous that, with their connecting arms, they form a labyrinth of waters covering great areas and offering matchless opportunities to sportsmen and canoeists. Bear, moose and deer abound throughout the fishing in the many lakes and Sturgeon Fails is a thriving village and several churches. Leaving the station, the railway crosses directly over the falls of the Sturgeon River. From Sudbury (pop. 600) a branch-line leads off to Ai/iOMA Mills, oh Lake Huron, and thence to Sjiult Sta Marie, at the outlet of Lake Superior, where a areat iron bridge afforas con- nection with two American railway lines, one extending to Duluth and the other to St. Paul and Minne- apolis, already open for freight traffic, and to be opened for passen- gers in June. Within a few miles of Sudbury, and reached by two short branch-lines of rail-' war, are the most extensive copper and nickel deposits known In the world. Large quantities of the ores have been shlppsd from the mines, and a number of smelting furnaces are being erected near Sudbury to reduce the ores on the spot Approaching Onaping a good view of the high falls of the Vermillion River is to be had for a moment ; and from here to Biscotaslng the scenery is particularly fine. Carrier is a divisional point, with the usual collection of sidings and railway structures. Bis- thls region, and rivers Is capital, with a saw-mill ^Sudbury tChelmsford iLarchwood Onaping SCartier tStraight Lake tPogamasing tMetagama Biscotasing Hamsay Woman Rivrr Ridout Nemagosenda ^Chapleau Pardee Windermera Dalton Missanabie tLoohalsh Otter Grasset Amyot gWhite Rivet Bremner Trudeau t Cache Lake Melgund the far north for sixty miles White River, in H eron Bay Peninsula Middleton Jackfish White River station of the same name to cotasing (pop. 300) .Is situated on an extensive and Irregular lake of the same name, and has a considerable trade In furs and lumber. Chapleau (pop. 500) is another divisional point, with railway workshops and a num- ber of neat cottages for the employes. It is charmingly situated on Lake Kinogama. Near Missanabie, where Dog Lake is crossed, a short portage connects the waters flowing south- ward into Lake Superior with those flowing northward Into Hudson's Bay. Furs are brought here from for shipment. Beyond Missanabie are many very heavy rock-cuttings, addition to the engine-house and other buildings common to all divis- ional stations has yards for rest- ing cattle en route from the North- west to the eastern market. From the railway follows the river RoAind Lake, and then crosses a level tract with occasional rocky uplifts to the Big Pic River, which is crossed by a high iron bridge ; and a mile beyond is Heron Bay, on the northeast angle of Lake Superior. From Heron Bay for sixty miles tlie E*at- I Miles bound I from Train \ Vanc' v'r ARRIVE ' "" Timber P.M. 3.13 2.38 2.25 2.10 1.35 1.00 12.45 midn't 11.22 10.43 10.07 9.26 S.40 SIXTH DAY A.M. 7.50 7.16 6.39 5.55 5.19 4.52 4.28 3.48 3.04 2.10 1.16 12.28 11.58 11.27 midn't 11.12 10.47 9.50 9.00 P.M. Leaving Lake Sup- erior 2403 2451 2445 2439 2428 2417 2405 2391 2374 2357 2342 2325 2307 2291 2271 2262 2245 2231 2225 2212 2196 2179 2159 2143 2130 2114 2109 2104 2095 2076 2060 iRefreBlimen kiifs I Wert- n-om bound Idnt'l Train ! LEAVE 865 880 896 912 A.M. 9.20 10.00 10.50 11.37 NOON Lake Super- ior 928 946' 961 1 970, m\ 12.26 1.11 1.54 2.14 2.44 m Trout fishing ARRIVE 3.15 P.M . 1MB loin bnn West- bound Train LEAVE P93 14.25* "25 P.M s o ^ a s i • Tlie 24.hou , this system I Pm 12 to 24 o'ol I Flag Station [Refreshment Station WESTERN DIVISION 11 iii^ i Wc«t- from bound lonll Train B93 LEAVE A.M. 9.20 10.00 10.50 11.37 NOON Lake Super- ior 12.26 1.11 1.54 2.14 2.44 Trout fishing ARRIVK 3.15 STATIONS— Descbiptivb Notes line is carried through and around the bold and harsh promontories of the north shore of Lake Superior, with SSchreiber Rossport Gravel River Mazokama deep rock cuttings, viaducts and tunnels constantly recurring ; and at intervals, where the railway is built in the face of the cliffs, the lake comes into full view. No part of this wonderful scenery should be missed by the traveller, who should be on the look-out before reaching Peninsula. The great sweep around Jackfish Bay is particularly fine. Beyond Schrei- btr (a divisional point and refreshment station) a chain of islands separates Nepigon Bav from Lake Superior, and the shore of the bay is followed to and beyond Nepigmi statioH. Between Rossport and Gravel River some of the heaviest work on the entire line of the railway occurs. The constantly changing views on Nepigon Bay Nepigon Wolf River Pearl River tLoon Lake Mackenzie are charming. All of the streams emptying into Lake Superior contain speckled trout in plenty, and in some of the streams, Nepigon River especially, they are noted for their large size— six-pounders being not uncommon. Nepi- gon River, which is crossed by a fine iron bridge a little before reaching the station, is a beautiful stream, well known to sportsmen. Everywhere on Lake 8u\>e- rior, whitefish and the large lake trout are common. Three miles beyond Nepigon the railway turns around the base of Red Rock, a high, bright-red cliff, and, avoid- ing the heads of Black Bay and Thunder Bajr, takes a straight course for Port Arthur, and from the higher ele- vations delightful views of Thunder Bay are to be had. Port Arthur — Terminus Eastern Division. See next page. Ek It- hound Train Milei iVom Vanc'v'r RRIVK P.M. 7.50 2041 7.11 2028 6.17 2010 5.31 1994 Superb scenes 4.50 4.07 3.30 3.07 2.44 a "3 ^ c 04 P.M. 2.15 LEAVE 1978 1960 1945 1936 1927 1913 Western Division— Port Arthur to Donald: 1,454 Miles lie? roiu Dnt'l 193 West- bound Train I-BAVE 14.25* 2.25 P.M a c- ta i STATIONS— Descriptive Notes Kai^t- bound Train Miles from Vanc'v'r Port Arthur— Pop. 3,500. Formerly called Prince Arthur's Landing. A beautifully situated town on the west shore of Thunder Bay, an important arm of Lake Superior ; together with Fort %Villiam, four miles distant, the lake-port of the western section of the Canadian Pacific Railway and the chief Canadian port on Lake Superior. Large numbers of steamers and other lake- craft arrive and depart daily. The fine steamships of the Canadian Pacific Company ply between here and Owen Sound (see page 39). The town has a largo grain elevator, extensive docks and a well established trade. It has substantial buildings and a number of hotels — one of them a very handsome structure. From the beauty of its situation, its accessibility and the oppor- tunities for sport in the neighborhood. Port Arthur has become a favorite resort for tourists. A long promontory ARRIVE 13.05 1.05 pm. FIFTH DAY Civic Wealth 1913 th rhe 24-hi is systen 12 to 24 3ur system is in use on the Western and Pacific Divisions of the Canadian a the A.M. and P.M. are abolished, and the hours from noon till midnight olook. Pacific P are oou Railway, nted as 12 WH8TBBN DIVISION S Refreshment Station Mi lea fro. 11 Moiit'l \\..»t- biiund Train 1000 1011 1021 1030 1052 1058 1069 1079 1089 1097 1109 1117 1127 1145 lie;} 1173 1196 LEAVE The Harbor STATIONS— Dbscriptive Notes 15.10 This train stops 25 minutes at Fort Wil- liam 15.40 116.10 116.35 17.35 17.50 18.15 18.40 18.. 56 19.20 19.50 20.10 20.35 21.35 22.18 22,45 23.40 of basaltic rock on the opposite side of the bay. called the "Sleeping Giant," terminates in Thunder Cape, behind which lies tlie famous Silver Islet, which has yielded almost fabulous wealth. Pie Island, another mountain of columnar basalt, divides the entrance to the bay, which is flanked on the west by Mackay Mountain, overlooking Fort William. Looking out between Pie Island and Thunder Cape, Isle Royale'may be seen in the distance. Watches should be set back one hour, in conformity with " Central " standard time. FortWilliam— Pop. 1400. A Hudson's -Bay Co.'s post of 100 years or more standing, but now given up to the re- quirements of modern commerce. The fur-house of the old fort is now used as an engine house for the great coal docks and one of the largest erain elevators in the world overshadows all- The Kaministiuuia River, a broad, deep stream with firm banks, atlbrds extraor- dinary advantages for lake traffic and immen.se quanti- ties of coal, lumber and grain are handled here. There are railway workshops and the usual buildings and sidings incident to a divisional point. Murillo Kaministiquia Fiamark Dexter tLinkooping Savanne JUpsala Carlstadt t Bridge River English River Martin Bonheur From Fort W^illiara to Winnipeg the railway traverses a wild broken re- gion, with rapid rivers and many lakes, but containing valuable forests and mineral deposits. Murillo is the railway station for the Rabbit Moun- tain silver district, and four miles from the station are the Kakabeka Falls, where the Kamanistiquia leaps from a height exceeding that ot Niagara. The railway follows up this river to Kaministiquia, and then ascends the Mattawan and the Wabigoon rivers ; and there is excellent trout fishing near all the stations as far as Fiiunark. Wolseley led an army from Fort Wil- liam to Fort Garry (now Winnipeg) in 1870, using the 1203 midx't 1225 24.55 1235 1.20 1243 1.40 1249 1.58 1266 2.50 1282 3.35 The Liike of the Woods 1290 4.10 1294 1806 4.25 5.06 Ugnace IRaleigh Tache JWabigoon Barclay Eagle River Vermillion Bay- Gilbert Parry wood Hawk Lake Rossland more or less connected rivers and lakes much of the way ; two of his boats may be seen just beyond the station at Savanue. Ignace ia a divis- ional point, but otherwise is of little consequence as yet. At Eagle River, two beautiful falls are seen, one above and the other below the railway. From here, to and beyond Rat Port- age, the country is excessively broken and the railway passes through numerous rocky uplifts. The scenery is of the wildest description and deep rock-bound lakes are always in sight. Rat Portage (pop. 700) at the principal outlet of the Lake of the Woods, is an important town with several large saw-mills, the product from which is shipped westward to the prairies. The Lake of the Woods is the largest body of water touched by the railway between Lake Superior and the Pacific, and is famed for its Rat Portage j scenery. It is studded with islands Eeewatin , and a favorite resort for sportsmen ^Deception | and pleasure seekers. Its waters Kast- bound Train ARRIVE ♦Voin _ VancV,! 1906 Thun- der Bay 12.20 Train stops 2o minu- tes NOON 11.55 11.30 11.07 10.15 10.01 9.38 9.13 8.55 8.25 7.50 7.32 7.10 6.30 5.32 5.10 4.15 3.54 3.00 2.36 2.16 1.58 24.55 24.10 Rat Portage midn't 23.45 I Itillil 23.20! 16121 22.32 i IHO 1894 1884 187o 18-54 1 1841 18371 182(1 181(i 180S 17H7 17t»0 1780 1761 1744 1733 1710 1(593 1 1671 l()(i5| 1660 l(w7 1640 Befreshmei ile» West- am I bound bnt'l ' Trtttn Il3 (21 (27 (32 (42 (62 (68 [78 (87 k02 IQS 115 m LBAVB 5.20 5.40 5.58 6.08 6.31 7.15 7.29 7.50 8.10 8.43 8.65 9.10 FHIRQ DAY 9.30 b'kfast at the Station Restau- rant Fort Garry Railw'y connec- tions LKAVB win'p'q i 10.^25 30110.47 38111.06 11.22 11.37 11.53 12.05 12.25 NOO* N5 152 158 163 72 reshment Station tcast- bound Train ARRIVE 1906.' Thun- der Bay 12.20 Train stops 2o minu- tes NOON 11.55 11.30 11.07 10.15 10.01 9.38 9.13 8.55 8.25 7.50 7.32 7.10 6.30 5.32 5.10 4.15 3.54 3.00 2.30 2.16 1.58 24.55 24.10 Rat Portage midn't 23.45 I 'im 23.20 I 16U' 22.32 1 lOOfll Mik's IVoin Vani'T'J Befreshment Station WESTERN DIVISION 1» 1894 1884 187o 1854 1841 1837 1820 1810 18081 17'. IT'JOI 17S0 1761 1744 1733 1710 1(593 1671 KJtio 1660 1657 1640 16:^ m west- om bound Bnt'l Train I.BAVia 13 5.20 21 6.40 27 5.58 32 6.08 42 6.31 62 7.15 68 7.29 78 7.50 87 8.10 02 8.43 08 8.55 H6 9.10 THIRB DAY t23 9.30 b'kfast at tlie Station Restau- rant Fort Garry Ilailw'y connec- tions LKAVB win'p'g 10.^25 30 10.47 38 11.06 45 11.22 52 11.37 58 11.53 63 12.05 72 12.25 XOO* 1 STATIONS— Descriptive Notes llalmar tlngolf tCross Lake iTelford Rennie Whitemouth tShelly Monmouth Beausejour Selkirk, East tGonor Bird's Hill the characteristics break through a narrow rocky rim at Rat Portage and Kee- watin and fall into the Winnipeg River. The cascades are most pictur- esque; they have been utihzed for water power for a numbor of large sawmills at both places. At Keewatin is a mammoth flouring mill built of granite quarried on the spot. At Whitemo'>ith saw-mills again occur, and beyond to Red River the country flattens out and gradually assumes of the prairie. At East Selkirk the line turfis southward following Red River towards Win- nipeg, and at St. Boniface the river is crossed by a long iron bridge and Wwiiipeg is reached. §Winnipe§— Alt. 700 ft. Pop. 25,000, Capital of the Province of Manitoba, fbrmerly known as Fort Garry (pop, in 1871, 100). Situated at the juncture of the Red and Assini. boine rivers, both navigable by steamboats, it has been, for many years the chief post of the Hudson's Bay Company, which has here very extensive establishments. Winnipeg commands the trade of the vast region to the north and west. The city is handsomely built, superior brick and stone being available; and has street railways, electric lights, a fine hospital, great flouring mills and grain elevators, and many notable public buildings. The chief workshops of the C.P.Ry. between Montreal and the Pacific are here, and the train-yard contains more than twenty miles of sidings. The company has also a fine passenger station and excellent refreshment rooms. The principal land offices of the Canadian Pacific Ry. Co. are here, as also is the chief land office of the Government in the West. Railway lines radiate in all directions. The C.P.R. has two branches leading southward on either side of Red River, connecting at Emerson and Gretna, respectively, on the U.S. boundary, with two lines of the St Paul, Minneapolis, & Manitoba R'y • for St. Paul, Minneapolis, Chicago., etc. Two branch lines of the C.P.R. go S.W. to Glbnboro and Delorainb in southern Manitoba, 105 and 206 miles distamt ; and two other branches run N. and N.W., one to the old town of Selkirk and the other to Stony Mountain and Stonewall. The Hudson's Bay Railway also begins here, and is completed to Shoal Lake, 40 miles northwest. Though the country here is apparent- ly as level as a billiard table, there is really an ascent of 100 feet from WinnipK.g to Portage la Prairie. A belt of almost unoccupied land sur- rounds Winnipeg as far as Poplar Point, due to the fact that it is mostly hrid by speculators ; and the scattered farms visible are chiefly devoted to dairy products and cattle breeding. Beyond Poplar Point almost continuous farms appear. The line of trees not far away on the south marks the courae of the Assiniboine River, which the railway follows 130 miles. tBergen Bosser {Meadows Marquette Beabum Poplar Point High Bluff Ell St- bdUMil Train ARRIVB 22.18 21.55 21.25 21.03 20.20 20.05 19.43 19.23 18.50 18.30 18.21 18.00 SUPPER at tiie Station Restau- rant Feat- ures of interest FOUBIH DAY ARRIVK AT WI\- NIPKG 5.10 P.M 16.47 16.30 1G.15 16.01 15.48 15.36 15.18 Miles from VancWr 1593 1585 1579 1574 1564 1544 1538 1528 1519 1504 1488 1491 1483 1476 1468 1461 1454 1448 1443 1434 14 WBST£1RX DIVISION i I Mllet from Montr'I WMt- bouud Train LRAVB 1479 12.50 M.& N. W. rail- way 1486 13.17 1493 13.55 1497 14.12 1516 14.36 1521 14.60 1529 15.07 1537 15.29 1545 15^45 1550 15.57 The Assiui- boine 1555 16.10 15.20 MOUN- TAIN TIME ( BniD- don to Donald) 1564 15.40 1572 16.00 1581 16.22 1588 16.42 1603 17.22 162C 18.14 1634 18.47 1642 19.09 1658 19.46 1672 20.17 1679 20.34 Moose M't'n 1687 21.10 • STATIONS— Dbscript I VH Notes Portage La Prairie— Alt. 800 ft Pop. 3,000. On the Assiniboine River. The market town of a rich and popu- lous district, and one of the principal grain markets in the province. It has large flouring mills and grain ele- vators, a brewery, a paper-mill, a biscuit factory and other industries. The' Manitoba & Northwesterju Railway ex- tends from here 180 miles northwest, towards Prince Albert, with branches to Rapid City and Shell River. Bumside McGregor Austin Sydney I Melbourne Carberry Sewell ^Douglas Chater and small Between Portage La Prairie and Brandon, stations succeed one an- other at intervals of five or eight miles, and many of them are sur- rounded by bright and busy towns ; and atnearlj^ all are tall and massive elevators, with now and then a flour- ing mill. After passing through a bushy district, with frequent ponds streams, containing many stock farms for which it is peculiarly adapted, the railway rises from Austin along a sandy slope to a plateau near the centre of which is situated Carberry (pop. 400), an important grain market. From Sewell it descends again to the valley of the Assiniboine. The Brandon Hills are seen towards the southwest. Four miles beyond Chater the Assiniboine is crossed by an iron bridge and Brandon is reached. Brandon— Alt. 1,150 ft. Pop. 4,5C0. A divisional point; the largest grain market in Manitoba ; and the distribut- ing market for an extensive and well settled country. It has five grain elevators, a flouring mill and a saw-mill. The town is beautifully situated on high ground, and al- though only six years old, has well made streets and many substantial buildings. A railway is being built north- westward towards the Saskatchewan country. The stand- ard time changes here to " Mountain " — one hour slower. tKemnay Alexander Qriswold Oak Lake Virden Elkhorn Fleming Moosomin Wapella Whitewood tPercival Beyond Brandon the railway draws away from the Assiniboine River and rises from its valley to a '* roll- ing" or undulating prairie, well occupied by prosperous farmers, as the thriving villages at frequent intervals bear evidence. Virden is the market town of a particularly attractive district ; but beyond it, for 4& miles, the lands within a mile or two of the railway are chiefly held by speculators, and the farms within sight are scattered. A mile east of Fleming, the Province of Assiniboia is entered. Moonomin, the first town reached in that pro- vince, is the station for Fort Ei.lice at the north and the MoosB Mountain district at the south. From Whitewood,, the country northward is accessible by a bridge over the Qu'Appelle River. Perdval stands upon a ridge 100 ft hi^er than the general level. All the way from Brandon to Broadview, the frequent ponds and copses afford excel- lent opportunities for sport — water fowland " prairie chickens " being especially abundant §Broadview— Alt 1,950 ft. Poi) 600. A railway divisional point, prettily situated at the head of Weed Lake. A reservation occupied by Cree Indians is not far away. t Flag Station Ca«t- bound Train ARRIVB 14.55 M.AN. W. Ry. 14.30 13.55 13.38 13.20 13.06 12.50 12.28 12.10 11.58 a 5 , a. z "2 a S 10.15 9.58 9.36 9.20 8.43 8.05 7.22 7.04 6.27 5.56 5.40 I Ap- proacn- ing Mani- toba 5.20 MileTl ♦''On I Vanc'il urn HlJ 140&I im i37;[ 136^1 urn 13ool 10.35 135' A great' wheat market IL'N 12;, m 1211 t Flag SUtion EMt- bound Train ARRIVB 14.65 M.JrN. W. Ry. 14.30 13.55 13.38 13.20 13.06 12.50 12.28 12.10 11.58 u a 5 , a. o S » 10.35 A great wheat market MileTl f ran I VancV 14271 $ Refreshment Station WE8TBKN DIVISION 15 I4.2il Hllil 14051 139 138.51 13"; 136^ 1361)1 13ool ll^ll 10.15 lU 9.58 m\ 9.36 r^:i 9.20 1 '1' 8.43 13fi; 8.05 i'JN 7.22 12: 7.04 12i 6.27 12i 5.561 m 5.40 1 12:: pro ach- ing Mani- toba 5.20 1^1 nriiea I from llontr'l 1694 1702 1709 1717 1726 i735 Wert- bound Train LKAVB 21.32 21.53 22.12 22.31 22.55 23.25 The Bell Farm |1746 23.51 midn't Fort Qu'Ap- pelle 1755 17(54 1771 24.16 24.44 1.05 The Regina plain 1779 STATIONS—Dbscriptivb Notes tOakshela Westward the line follows a gradual- Grenfell ly rising prairie, bounded by low Summerberry wooded nifls at the soiith, and by the Wolseley Qu'Appelle River, 8 or 10 mHes away tSintaluta at the north. Here again, for a Indian Head considerable distance, speculators, holding most of the lands near the railway, have kept the cultivated farms a mile or two away. This section is as yet almo^st exclusively devoted to wheat and cattle. Grenfell and Wolseley have already l>ecome important local markets. A little beyond Sintaluta the celebrated Bell Farm, embracing 100 square miles, is entered ; and from litdian Head, near the centre of the farm, the head- quarters buildings may be seen on the right. The neat square cottages of the farm laborers dot the plain as far as the eye can reach. The furrows on this farm are usually ploughed four miles long, and to plough one furrow outward and another returning is a half day's work for a man and team. " The work is done with an almost military organization, ploughing by brigades and reaping by divisions." • " Qu*Appelle-;-Alt. 2,050 ft. Pop. 700. A vigorous new town, the supplying and shipping point for a large section. A good road extends northward to Fort Qu'Appelle, the Touchwood Hills and Prince Albert. Fort Qu'Appelle, 20 miles distant, is an old i^st of the Hudson's Bay Company, beautifully situated on the Fishing Lakes in the deep valley of the Qu'Appelle River. There are several Indian reservations in .its vicinity, and an important Indian mission. tMcLean Balgonie tPilot Butte 1.30 l.SQam Capital ofN.W. Terr's For eight miles beyond Qu'Appelle station, the country is somewhat wooded. At McLean (which stands 200 feet higher than Qu'Appelle and 375 ft. higher than Regina) the great Kegina plain is entered. This plain extends westward as far as the Dirt Hills, the northward extension of the great Missouri Coteau, and these are soon seen rising on the southwestern horizon, a dark blue line- The plain is a broad, tree- less expanse of the finest agricultural land, with little change in the soil to a depth of twenty feet or more. Passing Pilot Butte, a rounded hill lending its name to an unimportant station near by, Regina is seen spread out on the plain ahead. Regina— Alt. 1,875 ft. Pop. 800. The capital of the Pro- vince of Assiniboia, and the distributing point for the country far north and south. A railway extends north- ward to Long Lake, beyond the Qu'Appelle liiver,and is to be carried on to Battleford and Edmonton, on the North Saskatchewan. The Executive Council of the Northwest Territories, embracing the provinces of As- siniboia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Athabasca, meets here, and the jurisdiction of the Lieutenant-Governor, whose residence is here, extends over all these pro- vinces. A mile beyond the station, the governor's resi- dence may be seen on the right, and a little further, on the same side, are the headquarters of the North- west Mounted Police. The barracks, officers' Quarters, offices, storehouses and the imposing drill-hall, toge- Eait- bound Train ARRIVB 4.37 4.17 3.58 3.39 3.15 2.47 The Bell Farm Miles from Vanc'v'r 1212 1204 1197 1189 1182 1171 J' 2.20 1159 Qu'Ap- pelle Valley 1.55 1.31 1.05 The Regina plain 1151 1142 1135 24.38 1127 midn't Capital ofN.W. Terr's 16 WESTERN DIVISION t Flag Station Iruiii Miint'l 170(5 1813 1821 a wc«t- lioiiiid Train LEAVE 2.18 3.00 3.30 1837 4.10 1855 4.55 1S(50 5.30 1876 5.52 1894 ().43 1912 7.28 1919 7.45 1927 8.05 (laino & wild fowl 1933 1951 1961 1969 1977 1988 19i>8 2008 2019 2038 2051 20t)l 2074 The Bittralo plains 8.30 rOVBTB DAT 9.20 9.45 10.05 10. 3» 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30 13.25 14.00 14.30 16.10 nrauoh Line tu Leth- bridut* Jk Fort M'Lood STATIONS— Descu IP TiVE Notes ther make a handsome village. The Mounted Police iH a military organization numbering 1,000 men, who are stationed at intervals over the Nor tli west, to look Fense I after the Indians and preserve order tPasqua | generally. ?Moo8e.jaw— Alt. 1,725 ft Pop. 6' \ A railway divisional point, and a busy market town near the western limit of • the present Holtloments. The name is an abridgment of the Indian name, which, literally translated, is " Tho-oreok-where-the-whito-man-raonded-the-cart-with- a-moose-jaw-bone." tCaron Parkbeg ISecretan Chaplin tMorse Rush Lake tWaldec tAikins Chaplin. The From Moosejaw, the line steadily rises on the eastern sloptf of the coteau and winds through an irregu- lar depression to the basin of tlie Old \Vive«' lakes,— extensive bodies of water having no outlet and con- seq^iiently alkaline. The northern- most of these lakes is reached at country is treeless from the eastern )order of tho Regina plain to the Cypress Hills, 200 milo.s, but the soil is excellent nearly everywhere, and tho experimental farms of the company, which occur at intervals of 30 miles all the way to the mountaips, have proved the sufhcioncy of the rainfall. The prairies about and beyond Old Wives' lakes are marked in all direo(tion8 by old buffalo trails and scarred and pitted by their " wallows." Antelope may now be frequently seen ; and coyotes and prairie dogs. Near Morse is a salt lake, and not far beyond is IiuA\ lake, a large area of fresh water, and a favorite nesort of water fowl — swans, geese, ducks and pelicans — which at times con- gregate here in myriads. ^Swift Current— Alt. 2,400 ft. Pop. 300. A railway divis- ional point, on a pretty stream of the same name, about wiiich a town is growing up, sustained by the numerous cattle ranches in the vicinity. Gtooee Lake t Antelope Gull Lake tC;^re8s tSidewood tOrane Lake tColley Maple Creek Forres Walsh Irvine Duamore From hero to Medicine Hat, on the South Saskatchewan River, the line fkirts the northern base of tho Cypress Hills, which gradually rise towards the west, until they reach an altitude of 3,800 ft., and in many places are covered with valuable timber. Lakes and ponds, some fresh, some alkaline, occur at intervals to Maple Creek. At this station are extensive yards for the shipment of cattle, many of which are driven bore from Montana. The town is supported by trade with the 'cattle ranches, and farming is successfully carrie«l on in the vicinity.^ Ne^r the town is a police station, and not far away is a Cree Indian village. From Forres to Dunmore, rocks of the Cretaceous age occur, in which the remains of gigantic saurians and other extinct animals are abundant At Dunmore the Saskatchewan coal railway leads off westerly 110 miles to Lrthbridgb, the eliief source of the present coal sup- ply for the country east to and beyond Winnipeg. Kast- bound Train AKRIVB 23.50 23.14 22.55 22.05 21.20 20.56 20.35 19.49 19.01 18.46 18.28 The Buffalo pluina Wild Fowl 17.55 17.06 16.45 16.22 16.00 15.35 15.08 14.42 14.15 13.25 12-50 NOON 11.40 THffiD DAY Miles from Vanr v' 111:' lOO.l 1087 1071 1061 1040 1031 1011 99:5 'Ml 97S 954 944 93(3 928 917 907 S97 SZ'o S68 855 845 832 ifrcghmcnt » '"~wr«t~ bound I'raln It'i LEAVE M 16.00 :4.00pm Coal 1 16.20 8 16.43 9 17.15 8 17.40 3 18.33 B 19.. 30 3 20.17 9 21.05 ,'22.05 22.53 123.17 123.46 ; 24.15 I First Isight of ; the i Rockies 24.55 •mid.\,'t. Cal- fe'ary's iiilviin- tages 1.28 2.15 2.55 3.25 C jfrcuhmcnt Station WESTERN DIVISION 17 Wnt- bound it'i Train LEAVE 1 STATIONS— Descriptive Notes 1^ 16.00 1.00 pm Coal 16.20 16.43 17.15 17.40 18.33 19.30 20.17 21.05 22.05 22.53 23.17 23.46 24.15 First sight of the Rockies 24.55 MlD.xJ'f. Cal- gary's advan- tages 1.28 2.15 2.55 3.25 Lethbri Ke is an important town near the centre of the McLecKl ranching district From Duntnore the railway drops into the valley of the South Saskatchewan, which is crossed by a fine steel bridge at Medicine Hat. Medicine Hat— Alt. 2,150 ft. (indicating the local depres- sion of the river- valley). Pop. 700. A railway , divis- ional point, with repair shops, etc. The town is already an important one, and has several churches aid othfer public buildings. An important station of the Mounted Police is established here. There are several coal mines in the vicinity, and the river is navigable for steam- boats for some distance above and for 800 miles below to Lake Winnipeg. The trui i stops 25 minutes. tStair Beyond ihe river the railway rises IBowell to the high prairie-plateau which ISuffield extends, gradually rising, to the base fLangevin of the mountains. There is a strong Tilley up-grade to Bowell, then a rapid Cassils descent to Suffleld, followed by a Iiathom steady rise. Bow River occasional- JCrowfoot ly appears at the south. The prairie here is seen to advantage, and before August it is a billowy ocean of grass. Cattle ranches are spreading over it, and farms appear at intervals. The entire Gleichen country is underlaid with two or JStrathmore more beds of good coal, and natural jCheadle gas is frequently found in boring Langdon deep wells. This gas is utilized at Shepard Langevin, in pumping water for the supply of the railway. From this station, on a clear day, the higher peaks of the Rocky Mountains may be seen, 150 miles away. At Crowfoot they may again be seen. Near Crowfoot, and south of the railway, is a large reservation occupied by the Blackfeet Indians, and some of them are seen about the stations. Beyond (ilekhen (a railway divisional point alt 2,900 ft) the Rockies come into full view, — a magnificent line of snowy peaks extending far along the southern and west- ern horizon. At Langdon the railway falls to the valley of Bow River, and a few miles beyond Shepard the river is crossed by an iron bridge and the foot-hills are reached. Calgary— Alt. 3,388 ft. Pop. 2,400. The most important, . as well as the handsomest, town between Brandon and Vancouver. It is charmingly situated on a hill-girt plateau, overlooked by the white peaks of the Rockies. It is the centre of the trade of the great ranching country and the chief source of t^upply for the mining districts in the mountains beyond. Excellent building materials abound in the vicinity. Lumber is largely made here from logs floated down Bow River. Oalgaia ARRIVE 10.55 South Sas- katoho- wan River 10.35 10.13 9.45 9..23 8.36 7.45 7.01 6 20 5.25 4.45 4.25 4.02 3.38. Lost glimpse of the Rookies 3.15 Impor- tance of Calgary 2.47 2.15 1.42 1.17 from V»nc'v'T 824 817 808 799 788 750 730 713 705 698 682 675 664 653 644 630 620 610 602 18 WHWTKRN ni VISION t Flag Stut Mllet I'roiii llonti Weat- b'luiid Train LBAya STATIONS— Dehor I I'TiVK Notes The ranchen of the foot- hilla 2316 2824 4.05 4.30 Kanan- askis falls En- trance to the Rookies The Three Sisters Geology of the moun- tains BMt- bound Train of horses in the lower valleys, thousands of cattle on the terraces, and myriads of sheepon the hilltoi^s may be seen at once, makiii)? a picture most novel and iiiteresting. Saw-nulls and cdal mines a{)ptmr along the valley. After leaving Cochrane, and crossing the Bow, the line ascends to the top of the first terrace, whence a magnificent out- lool^ is obtained, toward the left, tvhere the foothills rise in successive tiers of sculptured heights to the snowy range behind them. " By-and-by the wide valleys change " into broken ravines, and lo ! through an opening in tl»e " mist, made rosy ^\ith early sunlight, we see, far away *' up in the sky, its delicato pearly tip clear against the " blue, a sinj^'le anow-peak of the Hocky Mountains. . . . " Our coarse natures cannot at first appreciate the ex- " quisite aerial grace of that solitary peak that seems on " its way to heaven ; but, as we look, gauzy mist passes " over, and it has vanished." (Lady Macdonald) tKananaskis — Alt. 4,100ft.| Approaching Kananaskis the jThe Gap— Alt. 4,200 ft, 1 mountains suddenly appear close at hand and seemingly an impenetrable barrier, their bases deeply tinted in purple, and their sides flecked with white and gold, while high above, dimly outlined in tiie mists, are dietant snowy peaks. The Kananaskis River is crossed by a high iron bridge, a little above where it joins the Bow, and the roar of the great falls of the Bow (called Kananaskis Falls) may be heard from the railway. The mountains now rise abruptly in great masses, streaked and capped with snow and ice, and just beyond Kananaskis station a bend in the line brings the train between two almost vertical walls of dizzy height. This is the gap by which the Rocky Mountains are entered. Through this gateway, the Bow River issues from the hills. Beyond it the track turns northward and ascends the long valley between the Fairholme range on the right and the Kan- anaskis range opposite. The prominent peak on the left is Pigeon Mt, and in approaching the station called The Gap, a magnificent view is obtained of Wind Mt. and the Three Sisters, also on the left. A remark- able contrast between the ranges ahead is noticeable. On the right are fantastically broken and castellated heights ; on the left, massive snow-laden promontories, rising thousands of feet, penetrated by enormous alcoves in which haze and shadow of gorgeous coloring lio en- gulfed. The jaggedness of profile observed from the plains is now explained. These mountains are tremen- dous up-lifts of stratified rocks, of the Devonian and Carboniferous ages, which have been broken out of the crust of the earth slowly heaved aloft. Some sections miles and miles in breadth, and thousands of feet thick, have been pushed straight up, so that their strata remain almost as level as before ; others are tilted more or less on edge (always, on this slope, towards the east) and lie in a steeply slanting position ; still other sections are bent and crumpled under prodigious side-pres- sure, while all have been broken down and worn away until now they are only colossal fragments of the original upheavals. This disturbed stratification is plainly marked upon the faces of the cliflfs, by the ledges that The foot- hills anil their ranches ion I friim Vuin;'v'ri 24.40 590 24.10 582 Kanan- askifl falls Exit from the moun- tains through Bow River Gap Peculi- arities of moun- tain scenerj' t FlagStution Rant- Ml!<^ bouud friiTii Tnlu Vmiii'v't Rofreshmnnt Station WI-S'TEnN DIVISION 19 iMllea ItVoin lonl'l The I foot- hills and their ranches 1329 24.40 24.16 582 i i T S36 B39 Kanan- askifl falls Exit from the moun- tains through Bow River Gap d e s ■■I a e .) I y kt Peouli aritiea of moun- tain scenery \Ve»i- bniinil Tr»ln LHAVB Tiieir grand- cur 5.05 Can- more 5.32 5.40 Beauty of the Pass Anthra- cite coal 5.50 5,50 am Rocky M'tain Park SJTATIOXS— DK80RIPTIVH NOTKS hold the snow att«r it has disappeared olsewliere, or by long lines of tre«s which tiiere alone can maintain a foothold ; and this fiecnliarity is one of tlie most strik- in>» and admiraMo features ot thescidnery. Many ranj?e.s of prodigions mountains like these must be traversed be- fore the Pacific Coast is reached, and grandeur and beauty will crowd upon the attention without ceasing, as the train speeds tlirough porge and over mountairt, giving here a vast outlook, and there an interior glimpse, then exchanging it for a new one with tiie suddenness of a kaleidoscope. gCanmore— Alt. 4,230 ft. Pop. 200. Railway divisional ^oint- From the station a striking profile of the Three Sisters is obtained, with Wind and Pigeon mountains looming up beyond. On a hill behind the station, stands a group of isolated and curiously weathered conglomerate monuments. On either side of the beautiful level valley, the mountains rise in solid masses westward, until the great bulk of Cascade Mt. closes the view. Five miles beyond Canmore the Rocky Mountain Park is entered. JDuthU— Alt. 4,275 ft. Anthracite— Alt. 4,350 ft " Here the pass we are travel- "ling through has narrowed " suddenly to four miles, and as mists float upwards and " away, we see great masses of scarred rock rising on each "side — racges towering one above the other. Very "striking and magnificent grows the prospect as we " penetrate into the mountains at last, each curve of the " line bringing fresh vistas of endless peaks rolling away " before and around us, all tinted rose, blush-pink and " silver, as the sun lights their snowy tips. Every turn "becomes a fresh mystery, for some huge mountain " seems to stand right across our way, barrinji it for " miles, with a stern face frowning down upon us ; and "yet a few minutes later \ve find the giant has been "encircled and conquered, and soon lies far away in "another direction." {Lady Macdonald.) The over- hanging peak on the left is Bundle, behind which lie the Hot Springs of Banff. Here the line for a time leaves the Bow and strikes up the valley of Cascade River, directly toward the face of Cascade Mt., which, though miles away, is apparently but a stone's throw distant, and which seems to rise m enormous mass and advance bodily to meet us ; this marvellous effect should not be missed bj' the traveller. In the shadow of the Cascade Mt, at Anthracite station, are the great coal mines which penetrate a spur of the Fairholme sub-range. This coal is a true anthracite of high quality, and the mines are developing rapidly under scientific methods. Banff— Alt 4.500 ft Station for Rocky Mountain Park, and the Hot Springs— a medicinal watering-place and pleasure-resort. This park is a national reservation, 26 m. long N.E. and 8. W. by 10 m. wide, embracing parts of the valleys of the Bow, Spray and Cascade rivers, Devil's Lake and several noble mountain ranges. No part of the Rockies exhibits a greater variety of sublime and pleas- ing scenery ; and nowhere are gbod points of view and features of special interest so accessible, since many good roads and bridlepaths have been made. The railway But- ~ bound Tmlii AHRIVK i Cascade Mt midn't 23.50 The Three Sinter.'' 23.32 Beauty of scenery along the Bow Anthra' coal 23.18 11.18pm Rocky M'tain Park Mtle* iVoiii Vmnc'v'r 577' 570 567 564 \/iA-^/^tfJv.^<.tl< ::i-\ ■-■-.a'jik'^.iJ-.-i'-ijif;"^i)'*4*»4;-S4ti." k\ 20 Mtlri fhiin Munt'l Wert- bourd jrr»ln LEAVE CMoade Mfii Names of moan- tains seen at Banff station The village 3492 C.P.R. hotel Banff Hot Springs 2360 2368 6.10 FIFTH DAY Pilot and Castle Mte 6.35 6.56 WK8TKRN DIVIBION t Flag Stati oil STATIONS— -Dkhcr I PTiVB Notbb station at Banir m in tlio midst of impressive mountains. The liuge muBS northward is Cascade Mt. OJ.STo ft); eastward is Mt Inglismaldie, and the heights of tlie Fairholme sub-rangp, behind which lies Devil's-Head lake. Still further eastward tlie sharp con^ of Peechee (in that range) closes the view in that direction ; this is the highest mountain visible, exceeding 10,000 ft. To the left of Cascade Mt-, and just north of the track, rises the wooded ridge of Sciuaw Mt, beneath which lie the Vermillion lakes, seen just after leaving the station. Up the Bow, westward, tower the distant, snowy, central heights of the Main range about Simp- son's Pass, most prominently the square, wall-like crest of Mt Massive. A little n3arer, at the left, is seen the northern end of the Bourgcau range, and still nearer, tlie Sulphur Mt., along the base of which are the Hot Springs. The isolated blufl' Bouthward is Tunnel Mt ; while just behind the station, Rundio Peak rises sharply, so near at hand as to cut off all the viow in that direction. The village of Banff (several small inns) is two miles southwest of the station, on the hither side of the Bow. A steel bridge takes the carriage-road across to the magnificent now hotel, buiit by the railway company, near the fine falls in the Bow and the mouth of the rapid Spray River. This hotel, which has every modern convenience and luxury, including baths supplied from the hot sulphur springs, is kept open during the entire year. Tt is most favorably phiced for health, picturesque views, and as a centre for canoeing,. driving, walking or mountain*climbing. Trout of extrnordinary size occur in Devil's-head lake, and deep trolling for these affords fine sport. Wild sheep (the bighorn) and moun- tain goats are common on the neighboring heights. The springs are at different elevations upon the eastern slope of Sulphur Mt, the highest being 700 feet above the Bow. AH are reached by fine roads, commanding glorious landscapes. The more important springs have been improved by the government, and picturesque bathing houses have been erected and placed under the care of attendants. In one locality is a pool inside a dome-roofed cave ; and, nearby, another spring forms an open basin of warm, sulphurous water. Since the opening of the railway, these springs have been largely visited, and testi- mony to their wonderful curative properties is plentiful. ^Cascade — Alt 4,475 ft Upo'n leaving Banflf the railway rejoins the Bow and follows it up through a forested valley. The view ^backward is very fine. The Vermillion lakes are skirted, and ahead an excellent view is had of Mt Massive and the snow-peaks far to the west, enclosing Simpson's Pass. Then a sharp turn discloses straiglit ahead the great heap of snowy ledgea that form the eastern crest of Pilot Mt. Hole-in-the- wall Mt is passed upon the right, and then, a little beyond the station (where the park is left at the west- ern corner), Castle Mt. looms up ahead, on the right, a sheer precipice of 5,000 feet— a giant's keep, with turrets, bastions and battlements complete. Castle Mountain-— Alt 4.570 ft. JEldon—Alt. 4,720 ft. Castle Mountain station is at the base of the great KMt- houn4 'l'r>ln_ ▲RIIITI Dovil'a Lake NainoH of moun- tainB visible from the station Mil' 4 tr..ii Vlipn; vr Banff village C.P.R. hotel Banff Hot Springs 22.58 Enter- ing Rocky Mt. park 22.28 22.05 5ofi m 538 : FUg StRti hound Tn>ln_ ▲RRIVI on Mi 1.1 Vmc'y'r t Flug Station (yo„i , hound 1 Monl'l Trklo WBHTBRN DIVISIOK n STATIONS— D KHORiPTrvR Notbb Dovil'B Lake Naiueti of moun- tains viHiblc from the station LIAVB Sftw- hiick & Bow rangei BanS' Tillage Vermil- lion pass Mount Lefroy C.P.R. llOtbl 2378 1 Banff Hot Springs 7.20 The first slaCiCr 22.58 m Enter- ing Rocky Mt. park D IB e t, ■is 122.28 t 22.05 Near- iriK the summit 7.50 8.00 Summit of the Rookies 54o 539 peak whose name it take?". After pasglnj? this point, tlie mountaina on each aldu l>ei;oino oxcoodinuly j^rand an<.l prominent. Tlioso on th«^ ri^ht (northoast) form tho l)ure, ru(;ged and Hharply sorratetl 8.i vhack 8ub-ranf?e, wltli a spur, called the iSlato Mts., in tho I'oriN^rround at JUvjgnn. On tlio left, the lofty Bow ranne fronte the valley in a series of magnifioont snow-laden promonturu: At first, enchanting glim{)ses only are caught through the trees, as you look ahead; but i)ui' to Eldon U reached, the whole long array is in plain viuw. Turning t(» the loft, and lookini; back, the central poak of Pilot Mt. is neon, like a leaning pyramid high above tho fipmre-fronted ledges visible before. Next to it is tho leas lofty, but almost equally imposing, cone of Copper Mt., S(piarely opposite the sombre precipices of the Castle. West- ward of Copper Mt., the gap of Verniilli(jn Pass opens through the range, permitting a view of many a lofty spire and icy crest along the continental watershed, from whose glaciers and snow-fields the Vermillion lliver flows westward into the Kootenay. West of the en- trance into Vermillion Pass stretches the long, rugge*), wall-like front of Mt. Temple; and beyond it, standing supreme over this part of the range, the prodigious, isolated, helmet-shaped mountain named Lefroy — the loftiest and grandest in this whole panorama- This great mountain becomes visible at (Cascade station, and from Eldon almost to the summit it is the most conspicuous and admirable feature of this wonderful valley. Laggan — Alt. 4,930 ft. At Laggan tlie railway leaves the Bow and ascends a tributary from the west, which courses dow^n tbr ugh a gap in the Bow range. Look- ing upward through this gap towards Bow Lake and the huge peak of Mt. Hector, a view is obtained of the first of the great glaciers. It is a broad, crescent-shaped river of ice, the further end concealed behind tho lofty ytllow cliffs that hem it in. You seem to be almost on a lavel with it, and at the distance of hardly half-a-dozen miles ; but it is 1.300 feet above you, a round dozen miles away, and almost inaccessible, by reason of the ravines, rocks and forest which intervene. " As we rise toward the " summit from Laggan," writes Lady Macdonald, " the " railway's grade gets steeper, tall forests gather round *' us, and a curious effect is produced by glimpses of "snowy spurs and crests peepmg through the trees, and " of whicn, though apparently near us, we see no base. " This conveyed to me an idea of our elevation." ^Stephen— Alt 5,296 ft.i The station at the summit of the Hector— Alt. 5,190 ft. ' Rocky Mts., like the stupendous mountain some miles ahead — the chief peak of the Rockies in this latitude — is named in honor of Sir George Stephen, Bart., Presid«mt of the Canadian Pacific Ry. Co. The small lake at the station, called Summit Lake, vividly reflects the surrounding moun- tains. From here the line descends rapidly, passing the beautiful Wapta Lake at Hector, and crossing the deep gorge of the Wapta, or Kickinghorso, River just beyond. The scenery is now sublime and almost terrible. The line clings to the mountain-side at the left, and the valley on the right rapidly deepens until the river is fcnat- bound lialD ARUlVI l)a<-k raiitte MltW tVum V»no'y'r Pilot ami I Copper I Mts. Bow Riser and Mt. Lefroy 21.35 Di ent of the Atl'ntic slope 21.18 21.10 Summit of the Rookies 528 521 619 ■^^^■'TT;^'s»3^':;ss^i^^*;»s: km:^l^MSSiXt Xi,&' ' ' 22 Mllei from Mont'! 2395 2402 2409 WB8TBBN DIVISION i Befreshment St&tion Weit- hound Train LEAVE Sub- lime I scenery - STATIONS— Descriptive Notes 2416 Mt. Stephen and its glaciers 9.10 b'kfast at the Mt Steph'n House 9.40 10.03 West'n slope of the Kicking Horse Pajs 10.35 seen as a gleaming thread a thousand feet below. Look- ing to the north, one of the grandest mountain- valleys in the world stretches away to the north, with great, white, glacier-bound peaks on either side. Look- ing ahead, the dark angular peak of Mt. Field is seen. On the left the Huonio-like head or Mt. Stephen (8,000 feet above the valley), and the spires of Cathedral Mt. still further to the left, occiiSionally ap^ar over the tree- tops. Soon the slope of Mt. Stephen is reached, and on ita shoulder, almost overhead, is seen a shining green glacier, 800 feet in thickness, which is plowly pressing forward and over a vertical cliff of great height. Passing throuiili a short tunnel, and hugging the base of the mountain closely, the main peak is lost to view for a few minutes; but as th§ train turns sharply away, it soon reappears with startling suddenness, and when its highly colored dome and spires are illuminated by the suu it seems to rise as a flame shooting into the sky. §Field— Alt. 4,050 ft. At Field is a charming little hotel managed by the railway company — the Mt, Stephen House — not far from the base of Mt Stephen and facing Mt. Field. This is a favorite stopping place for tourists ; excellent fly fishing for trout in a pretty lake near by. Looking down the valley from the Hotel, the Otter-tail Mts. are seen on the left, and the Van Home range on the right. The two most prominent peaks of the latter are Mts. Deville and King, the former on the right Otter-tail— Alt. 3,700 ft Leanchoil— Alt. 3,570 ft Lower oanyon of the Wapta Emu I .(111,., bound from _ Train^ ! Vanc'v'r ARRIVE Wapta Lake fn front of Mt. Steph'n Two miles beyond Field, very lofty, glacier-bearing heights are seen at the north. The line rises from the flatn of the Wapta (or Kickinghorse), and after crossing a high bridge over the Otter-tail river (whence one of the finest views is obtained), descends again to the Wapta, whose narrow valley divides the Otter-tail and Van Home ranges. The line, which has gradually curved towards the south since crossing the summit at Stephen, runs due south from here to Leanchoil, where the Beaverfoot River comes in from the south and joins the AVapta. At the left, the highest peaks of the Ottertail Mts. rise abruptly to an immense height; and, looking south, a magnificent range of peaks extends in orderly array towards the southeast as far as the eye can rcch. These are the Beaverfoot Mts. At the right, Mt ^untev pushes his huge mass forward like a wedge betwt /i the Otter-tail and Beaverfoot ranges. The river turns abruptly against his base and plunges into the lower Kickinghorse can- yon, down which it disputes the passage with the railway, x'alliser — Alt 3,250 ft — The canyon rapidly deepens until, beyond Palliser, the mountain sides become vertical, rising straight up thousands of feetj and within an easy stone'g-throw from wall to wall. Down this vast chasm ^o the railway and the river together, the former cross- ing from side to side to ledges cut out of the solid rock, and twisting and turning in every direction, and every minute or two plunging through projecting angles of rook which seem to close the way. With the towering chfls almost shutting out the sunlight, and the roar of the river and the train increased an hundredfold by the echoing walls, the passage of this terrible gorge will never be forgotten. 20.25 SDPPER at the Mt. Steph'n Ho se 19.30 19.13 Van Home range Lower canyon of the Wapta 511 503 496 Bearer- i foot I and I I Otter- ! I tail I ' Mts. \ 18.47, 489 iment St&tion Refreshment Station PACIFIC DIVISION 23 MUei iroin Mont'l 2428 2435 West- bound Train LBAVB 11.23 11.43 The Co- lumbia and the Sel- kirks (loldeu 2446 Navi- gation of the Upper Col- umbia Mo- berly A.RRiyR 12.10 STATIONS— Descriptive Notes Glolden— Alt. 2,550 ft. The train suddenly emerges JMoberly House— Alt. 2,540 ft' into dayliglit as Golden is reached. The broad river ahead is the Columbia, mov- ing northward. The supremely beautiful mountains beyond are the Selkirks, rising from their forest-clad bases and lifting their ice-crowned heads 'far into the sky. They extend in an apparently unbroken line from the southwest to the northeast, gradually melting into the remote distance. They are matchless in form, and when bathed in the light of the afternoon sun, their radiant warmth and glory of color suggest Asgard, the celestial city of Scandinavian story. Parallel with them, and rising eastward from the Columbia, range upon range, are the Rockies, only the loftiest peaks to be seen just now over the massive benches upon which they rest. Oolden is a mining town upon the bank of the Columbia, at the mouth of the Wapta. A steamer makes weekly trips from here (Thursdays) up the Columbia to the lakes at the head of the river, 100 miles distant; About Golden, and at various places above, especially at the base of the Spillimichene Mts., gold and silver mines are being developed. From the head of navigation, roads and trails lead over to the Findlay Creek mming district and to the Kootenay Valley. The trip up the river is a most desirable one for sportsmen. From Golden to Donald, the railway follows down the Columbia on the face of the lower bench of the Rocky Mts., the Selkirks all the way in full view opposite, the soft green streaks down their sides indicating the paths of avalanches. Moherly Home is the site of the oldest cabin in the moun- tains, where a government engineering party, under Mr. Walter Moberly, C.E., passed the winter of 1871-2. Donald — Terminus of the Western Division. West- bound Train ABRIVK 17. 55 17.38 At the foot of *he Rookies Agri- ! culture, Sport and Mines in the Koote- I nay ! Valley Mi leu ftom Vanc'v'r 477 470! 1% \ a a <^ a 5 w < o H *- Sq -O 5 « \ 2 a a o O ■w* I 17.10 r; I>BAVB 1 460 Pacific Division— Donald to Vancouver : 459 miles iMilei I West, from Ixjund iMont'l Train i LEAVE 12446 11.20 12458 i 12.02 NOON ^ § STATIONS— DascRiPTivB Notes Donald— Alt. 2,530 ft Beavermouth— Alt. 2,500 ft Donald is a charmingly situat- ed town in the shadow of the Selkirks, the headquarters for the mountain section of the railway, with repair shops, etc. It is an important supply-point for the mining country about it and at the great bend of the Columbia below. Here the time goes back one hour, to conform with the Pacific standard. Leaving Donald, the railway crosses the Columbia to the base of the Selkirks. A little further down, the Rockies and Selkirks, crowding together, force the river through a deep, narrow gorge, the railway clinging to the slopes high above it. Emerging from the gorge at Beavermouth, the line soon turns abruptly to the left and enters the Selkirks through the Gate of the Beaver River — a passage so narrow that a felled tree serves as a foot- bridge over it— just where the river makes its final and mad plunge down to the level of the Columbia. Wert- bound Train ARBIVK 16.00 15.20 Second orossinK of the Colum bia Jlilea from Vanc'v'r 460 443 24 PACTFIC DIVISION from Monl'l 2463 2472 We»t- b'lUIKl Train LEAVE 12.27 13.16 Beaver Valley stations—Descriptive Notes Big trees Superb view of the Solkirka Tor- rents & cas- cades Stony Creok bridge The snow- sheds Bear Creek Mount Cam)!! Six-Mile Creek— Alt. 2,900 ft. A little way up the Beaver, Bear Creek — Alt, 3,500 ft. the line crosses to the right bank, where, notched into the mountain side, it rises at the rate of 116 ft. to the mile, and the river is soon left a thousand feet below, appearing as a silver thread winding through the narrow and densely forested val- ley. Opposite IS a line of huge tree-clad hills, occasion- ally showing snow-covered heads above the timber line. Nature has worked here on so gigantic a scale that many travellers fail to notice the extraordinary height of the spruce, Douglas fir and cedar trees, which seem to be engaged in a vain competition with the mountains themselves. From Six-Mile Greek station, one sees ahead, up the Beaver valley, a long line of the higher peaks of the Selkirk s, en echelon, culminating in an exceedingly lofty pinnacle, named Sir Donald, with which a more intimate acquaintance will be made at Glacier House. Again, from Mountain Creek bridge, a few miles beyond, where a powerful torrent comes down from high moun- tains northward, the same view is obtained, nearer and larger, and eight peaks can be counted in a grand array, the last of which is Sir Donald, leading the line. A little further on, Cedar Creek is crossed, and not far west of it is a very high bridge, spanning a foaming cas- cade, whence one of the most beautiful prospects of fhe whole journey is to be had. So impressed were the builders with the charm of this magnificent picture of mountains, that they named the spot The Surprise. As Bear Creek station is approached, a brief but precious glimpse is caught of Hermit Mt., through a gap in the cliffs on the ri^ht. This station is 1,000 feet above the Beaver, whose upper valley can be seen penetrating the mountains southward for a long distance. The line here leaves the Beaver and turns up Bear Creek along con- tinuing grades of 110 feet to the mile. The principal difl5culty in construction on this part of the line was occasioned by the torrents, many of them in splendid cascades, which come down through narrow gorges cut deeply into the steep slopes along which the railway creeps. The greatest of all these bridges crosses Stonv Creek— a noisy rill flowing in the bottom of a narrow, V- shajied channel, 295 feet below the rails — one of the loftiest railway bridges in the world. All of the difficulties of the railway from snow in the winter occur be- twetm Bear Creek and the summit on the east and for a similar distance on the west slope of the Selkirks. and these have been completely overcome by the construc- tion, at vast expense, of sheds, or more properly tunnels, of massive timber-work. These are built of heavy squared cedar timber, dove-tailed and bolted together, backed with rock, and fitted into the mountain sides in such a manner as to bid defiance to the most terrific avalanche. Beyond Stony Creek bridge, the gorge of Bear Creek is compressed into a vast ravine between Mt. Macdonald on the left and The Hermit on the right, forming a narrow portal to the amphitheatre of Roger's Pass, at the summit. The way is between enormous precipices. Mt, Macdonald towers a miW and a quarter above the railway in almofit vertical height, its number- less pinnacles piercing the very zenith. Its base is but tFIagStift= Gast- bound Train ARRIVE 14.55 14.05 Beaver- mouth Descent ot the Beaver valley Superb Views West- ward "on Miiv. from V^inc vr 4r.7 430 Stony Creek bridge The snow slieds i Descent {through Hear Creek 1 gorge Refreshment Station PACIFIO DIVISION 25 Miles fVom Mcjiit'l 2477 m West- bound Train LEAVE The Hermit 13.40 Peaks and glaciers in Roger's Pass 2479 A. Nat- ional reserve 13.50 Source of the lUicii- liwaet The Groat (xlacier liINNKR 14.02 14.32 STATIONS— Descriptive Notes stoneVthrow distant, and it is so sheer, so bare and stu- pendous, und yet so near, that one is overawed by a sense of immensity ;^nd mighty grandeur. This is the climax of mountain scenery ! In passing before the face of this gigantic precipice, the hne cUngs to the base of Hermit Mt, and, as the station at Roger's Pass is neared, its clustered spires appear, facing those of Mt. Macdonald, and nearly as high. These two matchless mountains were once apparently united, but some great convulsion of nature has split them asunder, leaving barely room for the railway. Roger's Pass— Alt. 4,275 ft. This pass was named after Maj. A. B. Bogers, by whose adventurous energy it was discovered in 1883, previous to which no human foot had penetrated to the summit of this great central range. The pass lies between two lines of huge snow-clad peaks. Thai on the north forms a prodigious amphi- theatre, under whose parapet, seven or eight thousand feet above the valley, half a-dozen glaciers may be seen at once, and so near that their shining green fissures are distinc tly visible. The changing effects of light and shadow on this brotherhood of peaks, of which Tlie Hermit and Macdonald are the chiefs, can never be forgot- ten by the fortunate traveller who has seen the sunset or sunrise tinting their battlements, or has looked up from the green valley at a snow-storm trailing its curtain along their crests, with perchance a white peak or two standing serene above the harmless cloud. On the south stretches the line of peaks connecting Mac- donald with Sir Donald, the rear slopes of which were seen in ascending the Beaver. This pass-valley has been reserved by the Government as a national park. Selkirk Summit— Alt, 4,300 ft. Summit of the pass. The mountain at the right, surmounted by a pyramidal f)eak, seemingly of Titanic masonry, is Cheops ; and ooking out of the pass towards the west, and over the deep valley of the Illicilliwaet, is Eoss Peak, a massive and symmetrical mountain carrj^iug an immense glacier on its eastern slope. Leaving the summit, and curving to the left, the line follows the slope of the summit peaks, of which Sir Donald is the chief. At the right is the deep valley of the Illicilliwaet, which makes its way westward by a devious course among numberless hoary-hoaded mountain-monarchs. Far below, and for many miles away, can be traced the railway, seeking the bottom of the valley by a series of extraordinary curves, doubling upon itself again and again. Directly ahead is the Great Glacier of the Sel- kirks. Passing a long snow-shed (not through it, for an outer track is provided, that the summer scenery may not be lost,) a sharp curve brings the train in front of the Great Glacier, which is now very near, at the left — a vast plateau of gleaming .ice extending as far as the eye can reach, a^ large, it is said, as all those of Switzerland combined. ^Glacier House— Alt. 4,122 ft. Station and hotel within thirty minutes' walk of the Great Glacier, from which, at the left. Sir Donald rises, a naked and abrupt pyra- Haat- I Miles bound I from Train I Vanc'v'r ARRITK Exit from RoKor'8 Pass. 13.40 Mt3. Carroll and Hermit SECOND DAY The .summit of the Sel- kirks Over looking the gorsre of the niioilli waet DINNER 13.20 12.50 427 426 424 26 MilPi I West- from bound Moiit'l I Train LEAVE Sir DoDiild Names of the peaks The Great Glacier I Game The Loop 2487 2496 I 15.05 15.41 Silver mines PACIFIC DIVISION t Flad Station STATIONS— DiascRiPTiv 10 Notes mid, to a height of more than a mile and a half above the railway. This stately monolith was named after Sir Donald Smith, one of the chief promoters of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Farther to the left, looking from the hotel, are two or three sharp peaks, second only to Sir Donald. Roarer's Pass and the snowy mountain beyond (a member of the Hermit range, which 18 called Grizzly, from the frequency with which bears are met upon its berry-bearing slopes), are in full view. Again to the left, comes Cheops, and in the foreground, and far down among the trees, the Illicil- liwaet glistens. Somewhat ut the left of Cheops a shoulder of Ross Peak is visible over the v\ooded slope of the mountain behind the hotel. The hotel is a hand- some structure resembling a Swiss chalet, which serves not only as a dining station for passing trains, but affords a most delightful stopping place for tourists who wish to hunt, or explore the surrounding mountains and glaciers. The Great Glficier is hardly a mile away, and its forefoot is only a few hundred feet above the level of the hotel. A good path has been made to it, and its exploration is not only practicable, but easy. Roger's Pass above, and The Loop below, are within an easy walk. A glacial stream has been caught and made furnish fountains about the hotel. Game is very abun- dant throughout these lofty ranges. Their summits are the home of the bighorn sheep and tlie mountain foat, the latter almost unknown southward of Canada. Sears can always be obtained. No tourist should fail to stop here for a day at least. Continuing the descent from the Glacier House, and following around the mountain-side. The Loop is soon reached, where the line makes several startling turns and twists, first crossing a valley leading down from the Ross Peak glacier, touching for a moment on the base of Ross Peak, then doubling back to the right a mile or more upon itself to within a biscuit's-toss ; then sweeping around to the left, touching Cougar Mt, on the other side of the lUicilliwaet, crossing again to the left, and at last shooting down the vallej' parallel with its former course. Looking back, the railway is seen cutting two long gashes, one above the other, on the mountain-slope, and farther to the left, and high above the long snow-shed, the summit range, near Roger's Pass, is yet visible, with Sir Donald overlooking all. EoBsPeak— Alt. 3,600 ft i The IlliciUiwaet River is niioilliwaet— Alt. 3,593 ft. j here of no great size, but of course turbulent. Its water is at first pea-green with glacial mud, but rapidly clarifies. The gorge is sometimes of considerable width, filled with that remark- able forest of gigantic trees for which British Columbia is famous, and there are exceedingly grand outlooks all along. At lUicilliwaet station are many silver mines penetrating the crest of one of the lofty hills north of the railway. A considerable town has sprung up within a few months, and large shipments of rich ore have al- ready been made. Caribou occur in numbers irom here down to the Columbia. East- bnund Tmin iAKRIVB Sir Donald and other peaks The fxeat acier of the Sel- kirks Game Climb- ing the Loops NOON 12.17 11.32 Game, lumber and silver mines Miles from Vftnc'v'r 418 409 'f t Flag Station § Refreshment Station PACIFIC DIVISION 27 Miles from Monti 2503 2513 2524 2541 2553 Weat- biiund Tr«in_ LEAVE 16.06 Can- yons of the Illioil- liwaet 16.46 Base of the Sel- kirks 17.45 STATIONS— Dbscbiptivb Notbs The CJoluni- bia Gold range 18.12 18.36 19.06 In the Eagle Pass Albert Canyon— Alt. 2,845 ft. Just east of the station the ti-ain runs suddenly along the very brink of several remarkably deep fissures in the solid rock, whose walls rise straight up, hundreds of feet on both sides, to wood- ed crags, above which sharp, distant peats cut the sky. The most striking of these canvons is the Albert, where the river is seen nearly 300 ft. below the railway, com- pressed into a boiling flume scarcely 20 ft. wide. The train stops here for a few minutes, and solidly built balconies enable passengers to safely look into the boiling cauldron below. Twin Buite — This station takes its name from the huge douWe summit near by, now called Mounts Macken- zie-Tilley. After passing the station, there looms up upon the right the conspicuous and beautiful peak named Clachuacoodin. As we approach the western base of the Selkirks, the narrow valley again becomes a gorge, and the railway and river dispute the passage through a chasm with* vertical rocky walls standing but ten yards apart The line suddenly emerges into a comparatively open, level and forest-covered space, swings to the right and reaches Revelstoke. Bevelstoke— Alt. 1,475 ft On the Columbia River— a rail- way divisional point. The town is situated on the river- bank half a mile from the station. The Columbia, which has made a great detour around the northern extremity of the Selkirks, while the railway has come directly acroes, is here much larger than at Donald, from which it has fallen 1050 ft It is navigable southward to the International boundary, 200m iles distant and a dozen miles below Revelstoke expands into the Arrow lakes, along which there is much beautiful and fertile country, and where the opportunities for sport are unlimited. Revelstoke has an important trade with the mining country above and below, and Kootenay lake and valley are easily reached from here. The two peaks southeast are Mackenzie and Tilley. The mountains beyond are in the Gold or Columbia range, and the most pro- minent one of them in view, towards the southwest, is Mt. Begbie,— imposing and glacier-studded. Clanwilliam— Alt 1,996 ft Griffin Lake— Alt. 1,900 ft. Craigellachie— Alt 1,450 ft. once entered by Eagle and direct that it seems The Columbia is crossed upon bridge half a mile long, a and the Gold range is at Pass, which is so deep-cut to have been purposely pro- vided for the railway, in compensation, perhaps, for the enormous difficulties that had to be overcome in the Rockies and Selkirkd. Lofty mountains rise abruptly on each side throughout, and the pass is seldom more than a mile wide. The highest point reached by the line in this pass is at Summit Lake, 8 miles from, and only 525 feet above the Columbia. Four beautiful lakes — Summit, Victor, Three Valley and Griffin- occur in close succession, each occupying the entire width of the valley, and forcing the railway into the mountain-sides. The valley is filled throughout with a dense growth of immense trees — spruce, Douglas fir, hemlock, cedar, balsam and many other varieties — giants. Kair- bouiid Trail ARRIVE 10.57 Gorge of the rilicil- liwaet 10.17 Enter- ing the Sel- kirks 9.20 First crossing of the Colum- bia 8.50 8.25 7.52 Milei from Vanc'v'r 402 392 381 372 357 339 The ascont of the Eagle Pass 28 PACIFIC DniSION t Flag Station Miles from Mont'l 2568 •2587 2595 West- bound Traill LEAVB The last spike 19.50 20.45 21.03 STATIONS— Dbscriptivb Notes Game and fish I 2604 2620 2636 Sioa- mous and Okin- agan all of them. Saw mills occur at intervals. At Oraigel- lachie the last spike was driven in the Canadian Pacitic Railway, on the 7th November, 1835— the rails from the east and the west meeting here. . Sioamous— Alt. 1,300 ft Salmon Arm tTappen Siding The Shus- wap lakes 21.32 22.12 22.52 On the ^reat Shuswap lakes, the centre of one of the best sporting _ regions on the lin^. Northward within a day caribou are abuntiant; the deer shooting southward within 30 miles is probably unequalled on this continent, and on the lakes there is famous sport in de6p- trollinjj for trout. The London Timca has well described this part of the line : — " The Eagle River leads us down " to the Great Shuswap Lake, so named from the Indian " tribe , tiiat lived on its banks and who still have a " ' reserve ' there. This is a most remarkable body of " water. It lies among the mountain ridges, and conse- ** quently extends its long narrow arms along the inter- " vening valleys like a huge octopus in half-a-dozen *• directions. These arms are many miles long, and vary " from a few hundred yards to two or three miles in " breadth, and their high, bold shores, fringed by the " little narrow beach of sand and pebbles, with alter- " nating bays and capes, give beautiful views. The rail- " way crosses one of these arms by a drawbridge at " Sicamous Narrows, and then goes for a long distance " along the southern shores of the lake, running entirely " around the end of the Salmon arm." Sicamous is the station for the Spallumsheen mining district and other regions up the river and around Okinagau Lake, where there is a large settlement ; steamboats ascend the river thirty miles, and a railway is proposed. " For fifty " miles the line winds in and out the bending shores, " while geese and ducks fly over the waters and light *■ and shaaow play upon the opposite banks. This lake, " with its bordering slopes, gives a fine reminder of 'f Scottish scenery. The railway in gettiny; around it " leads at different, and many, times towards every one " of the thirty-two points of the compass. Leaving the " Salmon arm of the lake rather than go a circuitous " course around the mountains to reach the Southwest- " ern arm, the line strikes through the forestover the top " of the intervening ridge [Notch HiW]. We come out at JNotoh Hill— Alt. 1,708 ft Shuswap— Alt. ft Ducks— Alt. ft. Ranch- es of the Thomp- son Valley some 600 feet elevation above " this ' arm,' and get a magnifl- " cent view across the lake, its winding shores on both sides of the long and narrow " sheet of water stretching far on either hand, with high " mountain ridges for the opposite background. The line " gradually runs down hill until it reaches the level of " the water, but here it has passed the lake, which has " narrowed into the [south branch of the] Thompson " River. Then the valley broadens, and the eye that " has been so accuHtomed to rocks and roughness and " the uninhabited desolation of the mountains is glad- " dened by the sight of grass, fenced fields, growing " crops, hay-stacks, and good farmhouses on the level " surface, while herds of cattle, sheep, and horses roam " over the valley and bordering hills in large numbers. "This is a ranching country extending far into the Raat- bound Train ARRIVE Base of the gold range 7.12 6.20 6.00 Great Shus- wap Lake and its sports Miles from Vauo'v'r 3l7 308 300 View from Notch Hill Little Shus- wap Lake 5.35 4.50 4.10 291 275 20!) Farms and cattle herds Mp t Flag Station B Befreabment Station PACIKIU DIVISION 29 iMllrs I We«t- ] troiu iMiuno iM'iiit'l ! Train LEAVE Old- time settle- ments 2653 i 23.42 miun't The North Thomp- son STATIONS— Descriptive Notbs 2661 mi Indus trios of the region &678 mi 24.10 24.30 Kam- loops Lake 1.09 1.30 ms 2.19 \m 3.12 Cariboo District |725 l731 The Blaok Canyon 3.54 4.18 " mountain valleys west of the Gold Range on both sides " of the railway, and is one of the garden spots of " British Columbia. • . . The people are compara- " lively old settlers, having come in from the Pacific " Coast, and it does one's heart good, after having passed ''the rude little cabins and huts of the plains and moun- '* tains, to see their neat and trim cottages, with the " evidences of thrift that are all around." Kamloops— Alt. 1,150 ft. Pop. 1,001. Divisional point, and principal town in the Thompson River Valley, be- gun years ago around a Hudson's Bay post. The north . fork of the Thompt^on comes down from the mountains 200 miles northward, and here joins the main river, whence the name of the place, which is an Indian word meaning a river-confluence. It is a beautiful spot. The broad valleys intersect at right angles. There is a background of bordering hills, and fine groves line both banks of the streams. Steamboats are on the river, and saw mills briskly at work, Chinese labor being largely erajjloyed. The triangular space between the rivers opposite Kamloops, is an Indian reservation, over- looked by St. Paul's Mountain. The principal industry around Kamloops will always be grazing, since the hills are covered with most nutritious " bunch-gniss." Agri- culture and fruit raising flourishes, wherever irriga- tion is practicable. This is the supply point for a large ranching and mineral region southward, especially in the Okinagan and Nicola valleys, reached by stage-lines. tTranquilie Just below Kamloops the Thompson Cherry Creek : widens out into Kamloops Lake, a broad, beautiful, hill-girt sheet of water, along the south shore of which the railway runs some 20 miles- Half- way a series of mountain spurs project into the lake, and are pierced by numerous tunnels, one following the other in close succession. At Savona^s Ferri/, the Savona'd Ferry lake ends, the mountains draw near, Penny's and the series of Thompson River canyons is enteied, leading westward to the Fraser through marveflous scenery. From here to Port Moody, the nearest point on Pacific tide-water, the railway was built by the Dominion government and transferred to the company in 1886. Fenm/s is an old-time ranch- Ashcroft— Alt. 1,075: ing settlement. Ashcrqft has de- Spatsum [ft. \ veloped into a busy town, being the point of departure for Cariboo, Barkerville, and other settlements in the northern interior of British Columbia. Trains of freight wagons, drawn by from four to ten yoke of oxen, and long strings of pack-mules, laden with mer- chandise, depart fronT and arrive hero almost daily. There are extensive cattle ranches in the vicinity, and some farming is done. Three miles beyond Ashcroft the hills press close upon the Thompson River, which cuts its way through a winding gorge of almost terrifying gloom and desolation, fitly named the Black Canyon. Emerging, the train follows the river as it meanders swiftly among the round-topped, treeless and water-cut Spence's Bridge ; hills. At Spencers Bridge the old Drynoch— -Alt. 700 ft-i waggon road up this valley to the Cariboo gold country crosses the river; and the rail" Fart- bound Train Mllei from Vanc'v'r ARRIVE Old- time settle- ments 3.30 252 Forks of the Thomp- son The " bunch prass" country 2.51 2.30 244 238 :.5i 1.30 227 221 midn't 24.39 23.46 207 187 Ash- croft and the Cariboo trade 23.03 22.39 175 169 30 PAOFIC DIVISION S Refreshmant Statioi from Huiit'l 1 ' 1 i 1 26< 25: 25' 2747 2753 2763 West- bound Train LBAVB The Nicola river Gro- tesque forms of roolM 261 26: Thomp- soa Canyon 5.14 5.38 6.18 The canti- lever bridge STATIONS— Dbsor I PT I VB Notes The Cariboo road way crosses here the uiouth of the Nicola River, whose valley, southward, is an important grazing and ranch- in>r region. Below this point the scenery becomes very striking and peculiar. The train runs upon a sinu- ous Iftdge cut out of the bare hills on the irregular south side of tlie stream, where the headlands are penetrated by tunnels, and the ravines spanned by lofty bridges; and the Thompson, in the purity of a trout-brook, whirls down its winding torrent-path as green as an emerald. Sometimes the banks are round- ed cream-white slopes ; next, cliffs of richest yellow, streaked and dashed with maroon, jut out ; then masses of solid rust-red earth, suddenly followed by an olive- green grass-slope or some whitfe exposure. With this fantastic color, to which the doubly brilliant emerald river opposes a striking contrast, and over which bends a sky of deepest violet, there goes the additional interest of great height and breadth of prospect, and a con- stantly changing g-otesqueness of form, caused by the wearing down of rocks of unequal hardness, by water and wind, into towers and monuments, goblins and griffins. The strange forms and gaudy hues of the rocks and scantily herbaged terraces impress them- selves most strongly on the memory. Five miles be- yond Drynoch, Nicomen, a little mining town, is seen on the opposite bank of the river, where gold was first dis- covered in British Columbia, in 1857. The mountains now draw together again, and the railway winds along their face hundreds of feet above the struggling river. This is the Thompson Canyon. The gorge rapidly nar- rows and deepens, and the scenery becomes wild beyond description. The frowning cliffs opposite are mottled and streaked in many striking colors, and now and then through breaks in the high escarpment snowy peaks are seen glistening above the clouds. Lytton- tCisco Keefer's •Alt. 675 ft. At Lytton, a small trading town where ranchmen and Indians ap- pear in numbers, the canyon sud- denly widens to admit the Fraser, the chief river of the province, which comes down from the north between two great lines of mountain peaks. The railway now enters the canyon of the united rivers, and the scene becomes even wilder than before. Six miles below Lytton the train crosses the Fraser by a steel cantilever bridge, high above the water, plunger into a tunnel and shortly emerges at Cisco. The line now follows the right-hand side of tli'; canyon, with the river surging and swirling far below. The old government road at- tracts attention all along the Fraser and Thompson valleys. Usually twisting and turning about the cliffs, it sometimes ventures down to the river's side, whence it is quickly driven by an angrry turn of the waters. Six miles below Cisco, where it f atows the cliffs opposite to the railway, it is forced to the height of a thousand feet above the river, and is pinned by seemingly slender sticks to the face of a gigantic precipice. The canyon alternately widens and narrows. Indians are seen on projecting rocks down at the water's edge, spearing sal- mon or scooping them out with dip-nets, and in sunny Bait- bound Train_ ▲RRITB Nioola and Sitnili- kameen Fantas- tic oanyon scenery from I Vau, ■ Ascend- ing the Thomp- son River 21.41 21.17 20.37 Upper •valley and crossing of the Eraser Refreshment StatioBefreshmetitStation PACIFIC DIVISION' SI Woit- bouod Train LEAVE jlndians j and China- men Jb'kpast U> 7.30 h\ 8.20 SIXTH DAY ! The i great canyon 9.00 9.36 Ho, Peal ka STATIONS— 1> E 8 c R I I'T 1 V E No r h h spots the salmon are drying on poles. Chinanjon are Been on the occasional sand or gravel-Viars, washing for gold; and irregular Indian farms or villages, with their' quaint and barbarously decorated grave-yards, alternate with the groups of huts of the Chinese. SNorth Bend— Alt. 425 ft.j A charming little hotel makes ISpuzzum I JSorth Bend (a divisional point) a desirable and delightful stoppiug-place for tourists who wish to see more of the Fraser Canyon than is pos- sible from the trains. At Boston Bar, four miles below, the principal canyon of the Fraser commences, and from heffe to Yale, 23 miles, the scenery is not only intensely interesting, but startling. It has been well described as " ferocious." The great river is forced between vertical walls of black rocks where, repeatedly thrown back upon itself by opposing cliffs, or broken by ponderous masses of fallen rock, it madly foams and roars. The railway is cut into the cliffs 200 feet or more above, and. the jutting spurs of rock are pierced by tunnels in close succession. At Spv^zum the government road, as if seeking company in this awful place, crosses the chasm by a suspension bridge to the side of the railway, and keeps with it, above or below, to Yale. i"en miles below Spuzzum the enormous cliffs apparently shut together and seem to bar the way. The river makes an abruut turn to the left, and the railway, turning to the right, disappears into a long tunnel, emerging into daylight and rejoining the river at Yale. 2YaIe— Alt. 200 ft Hope— Alt. 200 ft End of the cany'ns 10.00 10.24 Harri- son Springs Fast- hound Traill ARKIVK .*^almon and gold du.st SUPPER 19.25 18.33 En- trance to the Fraser canyon Mllet from VanoVr Yale (pop. 1,200) is the head of navi- gation and an outfitting point for miners and ranchmen northward. It occupies a bench above the river in a deep ctU de sac in the mountains, which rise abruptly and to a great height on all sides. Indian huts are seen on the opposite bank, and in the village a conspicuous Joss-house indicates the presence of Chinamen, who are seen washing gold on the river- bars for a long way below Yale. Across the river from Bope station is the village of the same name — a mining town and trading-post, whence trail" lead over the mountain in different directions. Southwestward may be seen Hope Peaks, where great bodies of silver ore are exposed, and only awaiting suitable fuel to be worked profitably. Below Hope the canyon widens out, and is soon succeeded by a broad, level valley with rich soil and heavy timber. The rude Indian farms give place to broad, well-cultivated fields, which become more and more frequent, and vegetation of all kinds rapidly increases in luxuriance as the Pacific is ap- proached. {Ruby Creek | Ruby Cnelc is named from the gar- Agassiz I nets found in the vicinity. Agasdz, overlooked by Mt Che-am, is the station for Harrison Springs (hot sulphur), on Harrison Lake, five miles north. These springs are famed for their curative pro- perties, and are visited by invalids from everywhere on the Pacific C!oast. A good hotel affords accommoda- tions, and the country about is niostw interesting. Near Cariboo Wugoii road 17.53 17.11 H»pe and Yale proach- ing the Caf^cade Monn taina 16.47 16.19 Harri- son Springs 131 116 104 90 II 82 72 28 32 PACIFIC DIVISION t Flag Stati^B"'^""'''"''"* J , 4 Ml Mllei t>om Mont'l ^842 2851 I? 28(51 2871 2879 2886 (2895) 2891 2899 2906 26 26 26 bnund Tr»ln_^ LEAVE 10.46 11.08 Mount Baker 11.32 11.56 12.17 NOON Big trees 12.40 (13.00) New West- minster 12.51 13.15 Along Bur- rard Inlet ARRIVE 13.30 1.30 pm Five days and 17 iiours from Montr'l STATIONS—Dhscripti VB Notes Harrisou | Harrison Station the Harrison River itNicomen I is crossed just above its confluence with the Fraser. Until the openinj? of the Fraser route, in 1864, the only access to the northern interior of the province was by way of the Harrison valley. A few miles beyaad Nicomen, Mount Baker comes into view on the left, and miles away — a beautiful isolated cone, rising 13,000 feet above the railway level. At Mission is Mission JWharnock Hacnmond view of Mt. an important Roman Catholic Indian^ school. Eight miles beyond, at the crossing of theStuve River, tho finest Baker is had, looking back and up the I raser, which has now become a smooth but mighty river. Immense trees are now frequent, and the'r sizo is indicated by the enormous stumps near the railway. On approaching Hammond, extensive brick-yards are seen, whence the city of Vancouver is largely supplied. New Westminster June. (New Westminster) WlOSTMINSTER (pop. 4,500), Divergence of branch line to the important town of New on the Fraser River, eight miles distant-^ne of the foremost towns in the pro- vince. At New Westminster are the Provincial Peni- tentiary and Insane Asylum. The town has many handsome buildings, and is the headquarters of tho sal- mon canning industry, which is represented by a dozen or more extensive establishments. It has also large saw-mills, the product of which is shipped larirely to China and Australia. Steamers ply regularly to Victoria. Port Moody Purl Moody, at the head of Burrard Hastings ! Inlet, was for a time the terminus of the railway. From here to Vancouver the railway fol- lows the south shore of the inlet, and the outlook is most delightful. Snow-tipped mountains, beautiful in Iclu and color, rise opposite, and are vividly reflected in tlie mirror-like waters of the deep-set inlet. At intervals • along the heavily wooded shores are mills with villages around them, and with ocean steamships and sailing craft loading with sawn timber for all parts of tr>e world ; on the other hand, and towering high above, are gigantic trees, twenty, ttiirty and even forty feet around. Pass- ing Hastings, the new city of Vancouver soon appears. SVancouver— Pop. 5,200. The Pacific terminus of the rail- way. Until May, 1886, its site was covered with a dense forest. From May to July its growth was most rapid, but in .July a fire, spreading from the surrounding forest, swept away every house but one in the place, and, with this one exception, every building now seen has been made since that time. The city fronts on Coal Harbor, a widening of Burrard Inlet, and extends across a strip of land to English Bay, along the shore of which it is now reaching out. The situation is most perfect as re- gards picturesqueness, natural drainage, harbor facilities and commercial advantages. It has already extensive wharves and warehouses ; many hotels, one of them a splendid structure and handsomely appointed ; churches, schools, etc. It has many buildings of brick and granite, and some of its private residences would do credit to cities of a century's growth. It has many miles of well- made streets, and is lighted both by gas and by electric- bound Train ARRIVE 15.55 15.29 11. C. Mission 15.02 14.35 14.11 Mount Bailer 13.61 (13.26) Fraser River 13.39 13.16 FIRST DAY l.OOp.m 13.00 LBAVJi) Vau- oouver: its site and com- mercial advan- tages. t'ruiil V;mc.) 44| 11 ii- t Fla« Stntig ■ait- bound Train ARRIVE 15.55 15.29 11. c. Mission 15.02 14.35 14.11 Mount Baker 13.61 (13.26) Frivser River 13.39 13.16 frujil V;inci\ FIRST DAY l.OOp.m 13.00 LBAVU Van- couver: its site and coni- meroial advan- tages. 4il 2«l efreshment Station PAOIFTO DIVISION 83 llci km ■nt'l b 'iind Train LIOAVK Com- l,„ inercial aJ»raii- tiitroB Re- sources AlllilVB :i0.oo 8 p ra Socn'ry and 8 port SIXTH DAY I I Beauti- ful sur ; round- intrs jStcam- i ship connec- i tiuns STATIONS— Dbbobipt I VIS Notbs ity. An ample iunply of pure water is btnng provided by means of pipes laid imaer tiie inlet from a mountain stream opposite. There is a regular HteamHhip service to China and Japan, to Victoria, San Francisco, Alaska and Puget Sound porta. The country south, towards the Fraser, has fine farms, and is e8pe(nally adapted to fruit-growing. Tlio coal supply comes from Nanaimo, directly across" the Strait of Georgia, and almost within sight The scenery all about is magnificent— the Cascade Mountains near at hand at tlie north ; tlie mountains of Vancouver Island across the water at tlie west; the Olympics at the south-west ; and the great white cono of Mt. Baker ioomin;^ up at the south-east. Opportuni- ties for sport are unlimited — mountain goats, bear and deer in the hills along the inlet; trout-fishing in the mountain-streams; and sea-fishing in endless variety. A stay of a week here will be well rewarded. A daily steamer connectii with Victoria — a ferriage of seven hours through a beautiful archiptilago. On Mondays and Thursdays a fine new steamship departs for Seattle, Tacoma and other Pugot Sound x>ort8 — a trip of a day, in smooth water, with delightful scenery, steamships for Yokohama and Hong Kong depart monthly. Victoria— Pop.12,000. Capital of British Columbia, cliarm- ingly situated at the southern extremity of Vancouver Island. It looks out westward through the Straits of Fuca to the Pacific, southward into Puget Sound, and eastward, beyond the Gulf of Georgia, to the mainland. Across the strait are the beautiful Olympic Mountains, and far away at the east the \^hite cone of Mt. Baker is 'conspicuous. The climate is that of tlie south of Eng- land, and the town is peculiarly English in all its char- acteristics. Besides the Government offices, the city has many fine public and private buildings, among them a large and well appointed opera house. The chief hotel has a world-wide reputation. Well made roads afford delightful drives in all directions. Beacon Hill Park affords a fine view of the waters and moun- tains on every side. The city has an extensive trade and many large commercial houses. J ho Chinese quar- ter is always interesting to visitors. A railway ex- tends north-easterly 70 miles to the great coal-mines at Nanaimo. Steamboats afford daily connoetions with Vancouver and New Westminster, and with Puget Sound ports; and steamships depart weekly for San Francisco, where connections are made for the Sand- wich Islands, Australia, southern California, Mexico and South American west-coast ports. A steamer de- parts fortnightly in summer for Alaska, visiting the wonderful fiords of the north coast. Esquimalt Harbor, two miles from Victoria, is the British naval station and rendezvous on the North Pacific, with naval storehouses, workshops, graving docks, etc. A number of men-of-war are to be found there at all times. bot Com- moroial advan- tllKOS Cr().sM '\ng tlie Wulf of UcurKia A.M. 2.00 LBAVK A ateainer of the Can. I'ac. Nn\ . <)<>. leaves Victoria for Van- couver at 2 a.m. Passeii- gerg may occupy tlieir state- rooms an early as thfty please ^1 1'. J 84 Steamships on the Pacific Ocean fcamships of the Canadian Pacific line sail monthly from Vancouver for Japan and la. These are fast steamers heretofore in the service of the Cunard line. Their route Dfter by 800 miles than the steamers from San Francisco. The trip will require only 3 I\\ 2) 34 ft M I 2( 2( IP 2 2 ONTAHIO ROUTB. \2'U^ 15 days to Yokoliamii, »uul 17 to 20 li(>d on application to any of tho Coinpany'M a^Hiits mentioned on paf^e 3. OIsrTA."R.IO I?.OTJTB Toronto ard North Bay, via N. Si N. W. Ry.— 228 miles Mlll-H fntiii Tor'nto UxproHit Korth- warrt LKAVH 1 11. 00pm 30 12.20 36 12.31 58 64 1.50 A.M. 87 2.38 112 4.00! 1 12: 4.23 146 5.18 i Hotels j and 1 ^ sumin'r sport 171 6.15 183 6.43 188 6.55 220 8.10 AHKIVK 228 8.35 A.M. STATIONS— I) w 8 R I p T I V K N o t k s Orillia Gravenhurst Toronto— Union Station. Sec page p. 37. ^ Aurora 'I'his road pn.s8eH northward through Newmarket an elevated u>?ricultiiial region to Holland Landing the borders of Lake Si nu;oe. Aurura SAllandale i and NnLnnark-et aro fanning centres of innch importance. Holland Liwdiny, on Lake Simooe, was where, in old dayH, the navigation of the lake began. At AllandaU the other section of this railway, from Hamilton and Niagara Falls, unites with the main line; trains leave Hamilton at 7.30 a.m. and 4.20 p.m. The I western shore of Lake Simcoo is ] skirted us far as Qrillia. .Between ! Orilliq and GravenhvrH, Lake Cou- chiching and other lakcis, the resort in summer of Toronto people, are passed, and at the latter station Muskoka Lake is reached. Brocehrvlge and HuntHmllc Braoebridge I are summer resorts and manufacr Huntsville | turlng towns. Thi^ beautiful dis- trict lies Kevoral hundred feet above the level of Lake Huron, and consists of a net-work of lakes, pondK and rai)iil streams, widely and justly renowned. The lakes are filled witli i>}lands, are indented by bold promou- torios, and, with tlieir connecting rivers, wind in and out of leafy defiles. Tlio fishing is famous, the catch including brook and lake trout, black bass, maskinonge and pickerel. Grouse-shooting is good everywhere, tind deer are plentiful in tlioir season. The villages are pleasant and pros^rous (only principal stations are given here), and in summer many pleasure-hotels, reached by steamboats and stages, are open among the Burk's Palls lakes at a distance from the railway. Sundridge South River Callandar Beyond Lake Kosseau, the great forests, always diversified by lakes in picturesque rocky basins, are entered and traversed to the border of Lake Nipissing. The villages are chiefly engaged in lumbering, but agri- culture is increasing. The main line of the Canadian Pacific Eailway is joined just beyond Callandar, and its tracks are followed into North Bay. 2North Bay— See p. 10. The night express train from Toronto makes close connection with the Canadian Pacific express for Winnipeg and Vancouver. I Kxpreia I Hniitli' _*'•!*• ARRIVK j 4.30 AM. 3.15 1.50 1.00 11.50 AmonR tho Musko- ka lakei' 9.20 8.52 8.38 7.25 i P.M. I 7.00 ! LEAVE 2LS 11^ m m 141 lib midn't; Iffil 11.121 .s:'[ 10.15 m m lS5JES5Ji-. Lohamu, conruMtiotl at Honj? Koiiir fotl t East IiidieH. ;iti,l[ f tare, etc., will 1,^1 on pa^o 3. miles 1 Kxpreii ! Houth- ' ward Niir-'; lia, ARRIVE 4.30 22S AM. :!.i5 im 1.50 104 l.OOi 141 11.50, m\ midn't; lil^l 11.12 W 10.15 Amonc the Musko- ka lakes 9.20 8.52 5/ 8.38 4) 7.25 1 411 P.M. 7.00 LEAVE By Bail betweon Montreal and Owen Sound; and by Canadian Faoiflo Steamship Line between Owen Sound and Port Arthur. 1||I''K »v«t Irulll li iin.l M.iiit 1 T I'll In i.i;.\VK *8.:?o i') I'.M. in S.55 § < a 'A ^ . H hi «^?( 5h pu I'J H m 15 < 17 20 The St Ijiiw- loiico liriilge 25 9.24 29 9.30 Ottawa River ;?9 9.50 ■15 51 51) a t)8 S' w(> "« /.> ,0 7S -^ 84 ',)2 11.27 1)7 1U38 l(l(i 113 12.07 124 12.27 midn't 133 12.45 STATIONS— P WSORIPTIVENotEH Montreal Mile End Jo. Montreal Jo. the northern hIuj Juuction (junct I'll jKiints via tlie .>i Lachine Bank Dorval Valois Beaconsfield of the Cunadiiin tion the old viWaiiaof Laclmw is seen at the left ; and above t^e trees, fur- ther to the left, a good view is had of thf great steel cantilever bridge PaciHc Railway Company arrosH the St. Lawrence. Lachine was for a long time the point of departure of the early trading military ex|)editionH; and it was from liere that Duiiuesno set out in 1754 to seize the (Jhio Valley — an expedition that culminated in the defeat of Braddock. Ste. Anne's i One of the five mouths of the Ottawa Vaudreuil I River is crossed by a fine steel bridge at Ste. Anne^d, at the head of the Island oi Montreal. Directly under the bridge are the locks by means of which steamboats going up the Ottawa are lifted over the rapids here. SU\ Anne's was once the home of the ix)et Moore, and is the scene of his well-known boat-song. Another Ottawa-mouth is bridged at Vaudreuil. JSt. Clet St. Polycarpe Dalhousie Mills Green Valley Apple Hill Monklands Avonmore South Finch Chesterville W. Winchester Sv .th Mountain tKemptville June Merrickville The St. Lawrence curves away to- wards Ihe south, wliile the railway keeps on a direct course towards Toronto, passing through a beautiful farming country, Uith many orch- ards, and with tracts of the original forest here and there. At St. Poly- carpe the Canada Atlantic Railway is crossed, and at Kcmptville the f^t. Lawrence and Ottawa pe«tion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, extend- ing northward to Ottawa and south- ward to Prescott, on the St. liaw- rence river. At Merrickville, a considerable manufactur- ing town, a fine iron bridge carries the line over the Rideau River. ^Smith's Palls— Pop. 2,400. Junction with Ottawa and Brockville section of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which connects at Brockvillio, on the St. Lawrence, with the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad, in the State of New York ; and at Caulbton Place, 13 miles northward, with the main line of the Canadian Pacific At Mile Evd Junction the 'I'oronto line diverges frf»m the main line of the (Canadian l'acifi(! Railway, skirts (if Mount Royal around to Montreal with line to Boston and New England Lawrence Bridge), and then strikes west thniugh a l)eantiful and highly cultivated distric^t sloping down to the St. Lawrence river, along the bank of which an almost contimious village exUnids from Lachine to Ste. Anne's. Thousands of Montreal people live hero in stiirmier. A little bevond Montreal . I unc- RiMt. lH)imrt Tmlii MIIm from V«nc'»'r AKIllVR ♦8.15iun 2888 8.00 288.'{ 7.4H 2878 Chaiiire fur HoDtoii 'Id* Uoi- ti>ii, :m Mllli>< 28(J8 28«5 2m 2857 The St. Law- 1 rt'iio'j liridgt) I 7.18 285e 7.12 2S48 6.52 2838 2832 282« 2818 ^artn.s 2809 2804 2799 2793 5.13 2785 5.02 2780 2771 27<54 4.14 2753 3.48 A.M. • Additional trains leave Montreal for Toronto ot 9.10 a.m., and Toronto for Montreal at 8.45 p.m. ! i I I 2< ft 2 2 2 1 L 36 MONTRBAI. TO TORONTO 5 Flast Stjiti. Mild from Mont'l 145 153 160 171 180 185 195 204 212 221 229 238 243 249 257 267 276 284 288 297 306 315 323 331 340 344 West- buiind Traijn LEAVK 1.17 A.M. 2.03 2.20 3.20 3.54 4.25 4.37 5.12 Rico Luke canoes and sport 6.25 7.28 7.40 STATIONS— Dpscr I PTiVE Notes Railway. The town has a number of important manu- factories, for which falls in the Rideau River afford ample wator-power. Superior brick are made here, and good building stone abounds. Excellent refreshment rooms at the station. Perth — Pop. 4,000. A prosperous town, with a number of mills, and an extensive manufactory of railway-cara. Quarries of fine building stone and deposits of mineral phosphates are worked in the vicinity. Bathurst Maberly Sharbot Lake Jc. Mountain Qrove Arden Kaladar Sheffield Tweed Ivanhoe Central Ont. Jc. Blairton For 100 miles beyond Perth the coun- try is more or less broken by rocky uplifts and largely covered with tim- ber. Iron, phosphate, a8be8tt)8 and other valuable minerals abound. The Kingston & Pembroke Railway, from Kingston, on the St. Lawrence, to Renfrew, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is crossed at Sharbot Lake, a favorite resort of sportsmen, and especially noted for the good fishing it affords. T'weed, on tht, Moira River, a logging stream, is a busy town in the centre of a rich farming and dairying district. Central Ontario Junction is at the crossing of the Central Ontario Railway, extend- ing from Picton and Trenton, on Lake Ontario, north- ward to a number of large and extensively worked iron Havelock | mines. Havelock is a railway divi- tNorwood I sional point, with the usual build- Indian Biver | ings. At Norwood a fine farming country is reached, for which this is the market town. • Peterborough— Pop. 9,000. On the Otonabee River, Wh ich here falls 150 feet within a few miles, affording an immense water-power, which is utilized by many large mills and manufactories. The ti wn is well built and has a large trade. The surrounding country has extra- ordinary attractions for sportsmen and pleasure seekers. Beautiful lakes, rivers and waterfalls 0(;cur in all direc- tions, and the fishing is especially good. The Peter- borough or Rice Lake canoe, so well known to all sports- men, is made here, and with one of them a great extent of territory maybe reached from here. Railway lines centre here from half a dozen directions. Cavanvilla Manvers Pontypool Burketon t Myrtle Claremont Market stations for a fine agri- cultural country. Wheat, rye, oats, barley, butter, cheese and fruit are largely produced, and much atten- tion is given to cattle breeding. Be- yond Oreei', River, Lake Ontario may be seen occasionally. Qreen Biver Agincourt North Toronto—Station for the northern part of Toronto. Street cars connect with all parts of the city, and cabs may be had at the station. ^Toronto Junction —Divergence of Credit Valley, and Toronto, Grey and Bruce sections of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the former extending to London and St. Thomas, connecting at the latter point with the Michigan Central Railroad for Detroit, Chicago and Kniit- I .Mi,a| bound , troul Traill j ViiMcy AKRIVB I 3.26 2.37 2.20 1.22 12.50 '2n\ 27191 ' 270! 2G'."I| 2m\ 267ol 2()t)i 2i;54| 2(;}(i[ 2(i:;j midn't 12.25 12.10 11.34 Fishing reports 10.20 9.14 9.05 P.M. 20321 2626 mm 25m 2591 258? 25781 25 25601 25 25441 25155 2531 M|ii iH Mmw i w i aiiwi..ii 9 Flatc StidiiHHct'rcshmciit Station ONTARIO AND LAKES ROUTB 37 Bnat- 1 bound Train AKRIVK inu- rord and lent ir of 3.26 ara. eral )un- cky bim- and The 2.37 2.20 1.22 12.50 midn't 12.25 12.10 'ivA 272i)| 271ll 270Sl 2().S4| 267ol 2()t)3l 2i;oJ 2(]4(l| 26:!i| 11.34 2632 2»iis| 2()l Fishing resorts 10.20 9.14 9.05 P.M. 2591) 2591 258? 25"(i 2569 2560 2552 2544 2535 loin I Lnl'l w rst- biiiiiul 'lrain_ iI.EAVH 111* AKIUVK S.OO A . M . lucreial import- ance jKailw'y outlets STATIONS— Descriptive Notes other western points; the other connecting at Owen Sound with tho C. P. Ry. Co's steamships for SaultSte. Marie, Port Arthur and Fort William. Parkdale — Subnrb of Toronto. The company's workshops for its Ontario lines are located here.- Toronto— Pop. (with suburbs) 140,000. The capital and chief town of Ontabio, and the next city to Montreal in the Dominion. It is situated on Lake Ontario, which affords wa^er communication with the other great lakes westward and with the St. Lawrence river eastward. It has a most complete railway system, reaching out to every important place and district in the proviuce. It has immense manufac^^uring establishments, and some of the largest commercial houses in tiie country. Its ediicational institutions are widely known. The city has an unusual number of imposing public and private buildings. Its people are nearly all English and Scotch, and while the city has strongly marked English char- acteristics, it is di8tinctively western in the intensity of its activity and energy. In addition to the numerous railway lines of the Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk companies centering here, the Northern Railway (see p. 40) extends northward, past Lake Simcoe, to North Bay, on Lake Ni pissing, where it connects with the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Kast- bound _ Traill ARUIVE P.M. 8.55 8.45 < LHAVE M ilea from Vtine'v'r 2534 2o3t) Toronto, Owen Sound and Port Arthur by the flail and Lake Route Thkrr Times a Week, only during Season of NavioatioN jSlo'iiiship ■ill { Kxprcr^ii |ill ! Westb'd I LEAVE 119 I 11.00 A . M . STATIONS— Descriptive Notes \\ P.M. 12.36 AR 12.40 Toronto— Trains depart from Union Station, passmg through Parkdale (11.10 a.m.) and Toronto Junction (11.20 a.m.), and thence by way of Weston, Woodbridge, Bolton and CaMwell to Melville Junction, the first point at which the *_ ARRIVE A Hour NOON