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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. errata Ito t 9 pelure, on d n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I m o o (( V ir/M'.''-^ PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT o o FOR ALBERTA O O fe>^?*^^^^S^^^^^' Its Meaeieg and Necessltyo 'Who Would be Fi♦-<- !Tp lV|EAfllI\!^ \m plEttp^lTf. ■''Wlio ivmild be Free, 1 ii em selves Must Sir ike the Hh ow. Thp birth? iu'ht of a I'ritish siilpjf^ci is se ir^ovniuiu'iit. This pi inciplc, hHiumt'ivd dur hy ci-'tit urics of cmitlict in (ijeat [5iir;iifi, his hi-cii cxtctuhtl to fvciy cojTiei ui thn Kmpiie in n i-ientfr or lesst J" Hegrec. It is bfiHfd oti tlie coiiirnoiiscnse tiol ion that^very ordinaiily tcrisoTiahle hujiian heinjjf knows hpst what, he wanf.> himself, andean best point nut the u)el hod of attainitiyr it, iilhei- by hinis-elf ( r in C'OiU'eit with oihet'd in like ciirinii- slances. Tile British subject wiio haves the setth(d hannis of eivili/zUion and goes t'oi'th to open up fiesh rtaets and iutd new piMvifujps t) the Knipire, never iniaf^ines for a tnonunt that in doing so he is relinquishing one jotortitt'e of this right. For a while the neces sities of the si(n;ition uiay lead him to ML'tpiiesce in a more inesponsible form of government than that to which he has been aecust\ving money on the creciit of the It rritories, c>r to regulate any loL-al works and undertakings, or to incor- porate any railway, steamboat, canal, tiansportat ion, telefj;raph, ii'rigat ion or insurance companies, eveji for pure- ly Territorial objects within the liniils of the Territories. Neither have tliey any powei- to make laws with regard to immitrration into the Territoi ies. Thus it will readily be seen that they have no real control over the de-^tiny and development of the country, which are entirely out of thi^ir hands. Out' representatives have no power to pledge the credit of the Ten itones in order lo raise inoiicy for Territorial piuposeH, anrl c.-irmor iti conFeiiiu-iu'e iniliMte any lait^c (.r- ('oinprtiiciisivc Kchenie of any kirui with a view to the i)eiieflt and progress of the country, lint it is not only in Ihe tnerfjjft pow»r of our Terriioriai lepie-entai ives that our inferiority consists, it is not ordy th>». as a coinriiunity we are deprived of thepf»vvcr to help ouistdves. A part and parcel of the Dominion < ('anada, we do not reap anything likt all the hent'Hts our position as such entitles ns, nor as long hs we remain in our present condition of Tet litorial infancy have .ve any chance of doing so. As indivi(hi Us we contribute, man for man. a fully qverage share to tiie customs duties from which the revenue of the Dominion is chiefly de- rived. But all we received last vear for our own use out of the revenue was a paltry .S;i(),()()0. This subsidy i^ given us by the Dominion Govern- ment. We have no constitutional claim upon the Federal revenue wliat- evei'. The Territorial Le.jfislature has to taiie whatever sum is ^lolod out to it and be thankfid. It has no fixed in- come of its own and no power to bor- row. It is a legal minor. Times may be hard, business paralyzed, the de- velopment of the cduutiy stagnant, but our local Legislatur-e is powerless to help us. The powers which it shoidrt pns.<-ess are in the hands of the Dominion House, among whose mem- bers not ten per- cent, either know or care anything about the Northwest. Our mouthpiece in that House is tlie viinisterof the Intcuior, to whose de- partment we belong along with the lunatics and Indians. And it is not putting the case too strongly to assert that, with one notable exception, the Minister of the Interior, for the past decade, has simply been, so far as the Territories are concerned, the mouth- piece of two or thr(>e permanent j officials. They are our real rulers, IJndei the for'ms of constitutional j government, we. freel)orn Hritish sub- i jects. have no more to say in the niakiig of the country which we h ive I ops-ned ♦!(), and whirdi we are ende- v- , ourint; undi'i- every kind of otticial ! disco wagenient to devel(»p, than the pea^ant^ of Russia have to do with tin pr;)clamn,tioiis of the court of St. , Petei'shurg. I PBOVINCIAI. (i()\ KHNMENT. ; What is the remedy for these evils V ] How can we gain ( ur full I'ight s anh I subjects ? How can we change the ! pi'e^sent condition of discouragerru^nt and stagu It ion into which we have ! fallen, to fine of renewed energy, hope- I fulness and prosperity? The constitu- ; tion of the Domini in points the way and invites us to take it. It provides for the adnussion of new Provinces I iiito confedei'ation, expressly stating that such a Itnission unist be at the re- (jues-t of thfii' inhabitants. It grants j the ne.v Provinces th«^ full powers con - I ceded to the old ones, the right to bor- i row money on their own credit, to ! initiate undertakings for their own benefit, to charier and subsidize rail- ways within their own limits, t,o devise and carry out their own plans to at- tract immigi'ation within their own borders. It leaves the destiny of the new Province to those who have the most thorough knowledge of her re- quirements and the greatest interest in her development, her own people. We should no longer have to sit help- less with a vast field of fine anthi-acite coal, the only ki4v,wn field in Canad js" the ordy known field hut one in North America, lying undeveloped at our very door for want of proper railway facili- ties to carry it to the market that is f St. r-Vils ? ,s and iiti>h B the juiept have hope- istitu- ■ vvny )vides " vincps tating he re- ji'ants s con- o hot- \t, to own rail- devise to at- • own of the e the er re- terest )eople. help- ii'&,cite mad cs" North IV very facili- hat is wiifiiiK foi' il in fhn silver states atTDHH thnline. Wt* "-hould mi loii^tT hrtv<* to stand liy and si'c nui' sctth'rs in thi- sfnii-)irid districlH ahind"rMnu their farms in despair at (4overinn«'nr tliiit will neither help t hem to iiriji.tte nor let them help themselves. We eonid charter und ."Vih-^idize railways U) develope our maKnlHeent niirieiMl re- sources and to open tif) Ifesh tnii ts to the settler ; we could set on fttol cim- pr-'honsive schemes of irri>{alion in our semi-Hiid districts ; werraidd start out own jfovernnieiit creamerie-i, build the hiid^'cs Me;'ess,irv to facilitate tlie in- tiTcourst^ ond commerce el our people, and by the at ttactions of the area rd' prosperity and activity which the very iuceptionof these enteipri/.es woid(i create induce increased immi)jfra- lion within oiu* limits, Again, instead of the paltry doU? of twenty or thirty thousand dollars con- cedi d to us by the generosity of the B'edeial l*arliament, we, as a Piovince, would by in receipt of a lepjular reven- ue provided for us by tlie constitUi,ion of the Dominion undir the enactments of th(^ British North America Act. This Act pr-ovides for fixed subsidies from the Federal to the Provincial (lovernmenls, which sub- sidies fall into four clashes: First, tliose Pi'oviuces which are free from debt at the time of incorporation into the Dominion receive a subsidy on capital account. Manitoba receives from the (janadinn Government the aniiualsum of $100,0()f) on this ground. Secondly, a fixed amount exclusive of the salary of the Lieutenant Governor is yearly paid to each Province for the support of its Government and Legislature. Manitoba receives $50,000 per annum on this account. 1 hirdly, an atinual grant is made tcj ctich Province eciual to 80 cents per head of the population as shown by the Lst decennial census lint il the r>op(dati(m amounts to MIO. 000 souls, at vviiich amount such grant leuirtins tber after. And it may b- noted thai tl-e Manitoba Act in estim iting i he rupiilation of thut Piov- inie at ITdtiO souls in !S70 clearly inclmled I udi ins in I lie total populat ion em it led l > this SO c nts per head. Foiutfily, if,as in Manitoba, the vacunt lards of the Prf)virue at the lime of incor|)oiat ion would i>'mjiin vested in t he ('town, for the use of the Domin- ion, Alberta would, like that Province, receive an additional subsidy on that account. The total amount (/ft he sub- sidy to Manitolia ttiis year (ISOri) figured in its estinuites as publish- ed in the Free Press of Feb. llth at ,$418,2(57. :{1. forming liy far the largest item among its sources of i-evenue. Taking these figure.-, as a basis, although, both our popidation and area being at least double that of Manitoba in 1870, we shou'd in consetpience re- ceive more generous tieilment in the matter of the Hrst and second class of subsidie-j, we should be drawing now fi'om the Dominion Government an annual sum of at least $150,000 When we should be receiving this as our light, how much longer do we intend to be humbly thaiiKful for $30,(HK) as a favour ';' These.then. being the obvious advan- tages which would be the i-esult of our scheme, what are the OKJISCTIONS TO TltK SCltEMK ? L The most usual ol^jection to the pr'oposal that the time is ripe to receive Provincial Government which is met with among (nir own people, is that Provincial Government would mean taxation. Now. as already has been pointed out, a regular anruia! subsidy is paid to each Province of tiie Dominion out of the Fedei-al revenue for the support and maintenance of its Government and LejtisKiturv ; «(• tluii 'Ihmm is no h nth in t III' iiliji (I i'lti I hilt we should be tnxi d to kt'f|» lip a 1*1 Kviiiiiid (ii i'rnviiii'iiil (iov- ••rninfiit would huve pouci' to U'vv t I >;"H tor ot hi r pui'posc-i, t hf umhwim' i^ otivioiis. lu till' lii>i pi ii'c, ii wiiiild lit- ('ntii>!y in our own hand"* whctlu'r wi- usii'd thi-i powi'i-or not. Sfcondly, tney would ill this respect have no inoie power than our pt'.-eni I'cr ritorinl ii '^rislat nie, t i wliicli I h« North VV'i st Alt distinctly ^ivt'.'< aui hoi ity to rai.se money liy din cl ta\iiion tor Teii it or iai purposes. So far, they have not found (U'\' occasion 1 1) u~e this power*, nor is i iikily a l'(o\iiicial (Jovern- nient would f 'ijuirt* t > do so, since we tind, in the t hirtl pi ice, thai other Prov- inces uianai;e to make hot h ends meet without u>iii;.:it. The Mauitoha est irn- utes tor the cuiient V*' If show a t ilid of »e:!eipls tiom \,irious source?! of t$l,r)(Sl,4t 1.1, hut there is not a fsin^^Ie item amonj them derived from diiect taxation. If they can tret on without taxinj^ their people, uiidtr what neces- sity would a Provincial Lef^islature in Alherta find itself for reanrtini; to this expedient ? 2. it !•> aigued that our present population is tot) ymall and that our geneiul standiutj in the Domiinon is too iusij^ifuilicant t ,) wai-iMUt the Federal Government acceduifij to our demand to he raised to the dij^nity of a Prov- ince. We ate tf)ld that even little Pi incc Edward Island would laugh at the iilea of a Provinct! with only one niomher in the Dominion Housie. In the absetue of any fixed rule as to how lai'ge a population or h(-w many members of Parliament a (.'an idian Territdiy must possess before it can claim a right tc become a Province, all th.lt cm h • done is to lollovv the iiiv ir- i ihle con-t il 11' ioiial pi ic'i'e of e-.»ali- lis'iin^; a pi u'ederit ; aii'l the only pieceileiil for the admission into the Doininion III' ;inv c immunity in the least resembling; our own is the case ( f .Man! ihi, all other Ptovlnces havinn li'-eii ('rowii colotd's previous t » inciti- piit'Oini. A ml ' le* ca^e of Miuitoln, is fata' to f he object ion. Hei'area was sill iller than ours, her a>icertaini'd resources ail>i pro-ipects of le^s iin;»orl. aiice, her popila'i >ii oidv l7,t((H) even at the tsliinite of the Miiiitobi .Act vvhicll w is .lllill) in excess of the lealily — of whom only ah >u' l.'iOl) wee ' white, and her first seals in the Dominion House \V''re ^r.inted hy^ the very .Act, which admit ted htr to inc irp >rai ion, no less tlian four bein^ ^iven to her inconsid 'rable elf^ctuMte in or ler to enable her to take her place in the Domini.m tvith as much dit^uity as possible. Why should Aibei 1 1 exiiect or expeiienc*' a, Iss generous wmd > of treatment? One thing is certain. If we are too few in number to becvwue incorporated as a ProxiiuM', we ar(> too many t > cont inue le exist iihuIi longer in this country as aTerriiory. If our pr.'sent conditiiui of stignatini aiid the pror'ent {government policy of Idissrz fdirr is to continue much longi.r, Alberta is already over popu- lated ; and the Ottawa olTlicials, who refuse eit her to aid any jrrojects tend ing to develop our latei\t resources or to give lis the power to aid ourselves, had better cease their spasmodic elf ort s t ) bring people into it. This "spirited immigration policy" about vvliich we hear so much, without a spirited de- velopment policy at the back of it, is worse than useless, it is positively mischievous. It only adds frcbh vic- tims to a population thtit is quite large enough to suffer as it is. r«)N( LPHtON. If wt< are Jirnl of this stute of thiiiKH (a" who ih not?); if wt* dt'sirc to Uiiiii tho full iiDiiiHKi'iiicnt of (viir own ntfaiis, and our full aiul li^htfiil i-ttatuN nt» citi/i>n8 of tins Dominion, ont; tiling In certainiy lU'cfiHury. Laying aHidt' narrower aiiiiH and aspirat i(uis, wv must makfsiii ti an unanimous applica- tion to l)t(()iiu' incoi'poiatHd w n Province an tlic l'\'d»'ral autlioiilic can n hcanl. W'l' muMt inke tho flr§t 8t»