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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds i des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 22t 1 2 3 4 5 6 I// ^• «^ LRTTKR .1^ '^ '■■■ TO ^t mot of " C§c f aUfe Citiien; IN ANSWER TO MB. E. GILPIN'S TAMPHLET. UPON THE CARB0NIFE30US DISTRICT OF I ST. OEOBGE'S BAY. NEWFOUNDLAND. ■•■ BT ALEX. MUBBAT, Pkotincul Gsoiooiw. X t f ""i 't J- 0. VThbib*, QMen'i Plrin4t^ N /, f ^ St. John'h, NEWFOfNCLASD, I January 18th, 1875.) Letter uddreKsed to the Ediior of the Hali/ud- Citixen. Sib,— I don't know to wliom I am indebted lor ti little pam- phlet, entitled — " Sketch of the Curboniferous District of St. George's Bay, Newfoundland ;" but whoever it may be. I am very thankful for it, as it gives me an opportunity of correcting some rather grave errors, into which the author, Mr. Edwin Gilpin, has, doubtless inadvertently, fallen : — First of all, allow me to say, that I disclaim all pre- tensions to the proud title of Professor, which Mr. Gilmn confers upon me. I never was, am not, and probably never shall be, entitled to jQU the dignified position of a Professor's chair ; and only claim to be heard fairly as ti •working Geologist of now well on for forty years' standing. Secondly, it appears to me that either Mr. Gilmn haa never read my reports, or, if he has, he ignores much that is said in them ; but there is reason to suppose that he must have at least seen my report for 1878, as he at ono part refers to certain sections contained therein. Now, I feel it to be just possible that some of the statements made in the said pamphlet may lead to misapprehension on the part of some of its more enlightened readers, as to the correctness of my publications upon a kindred subject ; and therefore think it onlj right to remind Mr. Gilpin that my Maps and Bepcrts are the result of actual surrey of the ground ; that the coast and rivers have all been carefully \ 1 °-^^ clue oTe'^f r^^^-^-ff over t'e ! fo^^ ^^^^'^^^■-'-. pressed view. ""'^"-^^-"Ws ^ee„l,"'> *.« ad,.it I '^«rnined the coast I ^^"^^"«an. h^/°°'^ ^^f soz^s for *^««e of the r , .^'^' "^^^-^y to Z ""'' ^^'^ extend Cape Aneuij]. a ^^ ^ ^^J^^t to ,•« fu ^ '' ^"' ^^« ^aage Of il^ij; t^f*«*««^•^-* that ... .^^_ '^«'fm of tvi. f^^ ends have *« «'e topo- "^s Were col- o^ogica] ex. fieid on a '^'' J think '°^J' stated, derate me * admit I '^ '"y ex- '«. 1st; •h termi- itute by Lower 01J3 re- '^8 for and I con- assea tend, ex- con - evr- lUC- lat ns 5 ridge of intrusive rock running obliquely towards tlif plateau." I bog to assure Mr. Gilpin in reply, that I founrl carboniferous rocks with fossils, and limestone with snowy yypsum, right under the very Cape ; and further I musi, beg him to understand, that with the exception of that part of the coast which lies between Cape Anguille and the HighlandH, every bit of the Southern shore of St. George';^ Bay haw been actually surveyed and closely examined ; and notwithstanding the fact that we have made clos(!v examination than usual for the purpose of ascertaining by what egency the great disturbances of the region havo been affected, we have failed as yet to find the slightest indications of igneous intrusion ; nay, we have not met with an instance of a trap dyke cutting the Carboniferous strata. As we have likewise crossed o'.er and examined the ranj/f of hills from St. George's Bay to the Codroy liiver, wo can now state with more confidence than ever, that the rocks cif the whole range are chicjii/ if not entirely of Lower Car- boniferous ; — being brought into their present position "n the axis of an anticlinal. At page 5, Mr. Gilpin says, in speaking of the Cod- roy Kiver, " no systematic exploration has yet been madf. ' As I in 1866 not only dialled that river, and measured tl whole series of Carboniferous strata upon it, but also raadf careful sections of the coast exposures from Cape Anguilb' to the Little Codroy River, all of which have been publisli- ed, I can hardly understand how it happens that an m- quirer like Mr. Gilpin, should have made such au asser- tion. As the section exposed from Cape Auguillo to Cnpf Frior, and for some distance further East, has not yet be<^n surveyed, I shall not take upon myself to say, whether or not, any older strata than Carboniferous make their nji- pearance, although my opijiion at present is, they do not. The dislocations of which Mr. Gilpin treats, however. 1 •m quite a^are 0/ ho« from the deck ofl' "^ '"*'" ^faem on r,,. bute to mni * ''"'''^^ '• I>"t these I .^ ■ f "^' °««a6ions '•ous preset! f^ ' '^ '' «*"*«^J that Zt " '"^'»«-^*«- -J' or upon wh'!:;lrt ^ ''^^^^^^^^--o^Cr ^-'- ''.^- entangled int the sTrief ? " — ^-"^ remaris unon fK ""J^'^* ^onsecutivelv • «« . "">. I have rea.o" r« ,.^° """J' -^""slan, 7 ™! T" i..ppin's or domains Bro4 l^''^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^eij as at' examined thp Po * -"^opk- Moreover ?,« j i>r *' -^ "'"JO evidence to sinmn,.t *i ', *"® ®an»e time '" ^'""<"'' "i'on one hori. -yare not tletached tlieir pro- structure, ^t if Mr. ii of i\^Q "e, I can t beg to 'Us hori. mineral ighlands ^f St. W as at >ser he 5 there ' trap, eneral iarge- it in Cairn time lid I I next observe that Mr. Gii.pim '•/oioul uhutulatit indi- cutioui of petroleum upon Shoal Point." That there w« inJication.t of this mineral there, ia perfectly true, but bj what contrivance he finds an analogy between the rocki of that point, which are Silurian, and those of New York and Ohio, where a similar substance occurs, which art D#- voniun, I am quite at a loss to understand. As it happeni that I worked out tlieae Hamilton f aalea with then: aaso- ciated Devonian rocks in Western Canada many year* ago, it may perhaps be admitted that I ought to know something about them. If Mr. Gilpin doubts the age of those bituminous rocks, let him procure some fossils from the spot, and be guided by the expressed opinion of Pro- fessor James H\ll, or any Palreontologist of reputation. At page 11, Mr. Gilpin gives hia summary of thy geological structure of the region, and very short work h» makes of it ; but, let us look a little at certain facts, before jumping at conclusions. If I read Mr. Gilpin's words aright, I understand him to assert that Long Point, and the whole peninsula of Port-auPort, are of Carboniferous age ; that Long Point constitutes the base of the series, and that my river sections are all above the horizon of the gypsum. Mr. Gilpin will, perhaps, be a little surpri- sed when I tell himthn , far the greater part of Long Point, and nearly the /hole of Port-au-Port peninsula, are not only not Carboniferous rocks at all, but Lower Silurian, displayed in the clearest and most unmistakeable section of some thousands of feet thickness, from which I have a collection of beautiful and highly typical fossils. The Carboniferous rocks in Port-a-Port Bay are merely patches let down among rocks of Silurian age, which Mr. Gilpin might have seen for himself at several of the Coves in East Bay, where nothing can be clearer than the un- conformity ; and he might have seen that the Limestones in front of these patches, as well as the Limestone iu rear, 8 4 «•« fuU of typical foasiJs of tlio Calc^ous On T upon saoZLT-^alT'll'^' *""^' """-« ramlt of most oarrfai a^T" ^ , '^^- '^'' "« «"« upon the one o/ iLfv^, k .t .^ ^^'"'' "^ '» -""is P.«« VWd. TriU n.xi""^!'"'"'""^ coatoed, ia tt. vJi£e,- '•ffw I , i ' -'"^Ilini, Sir, xourjnoit obedient Servaiit « i isei } . . . .;4LjEX. MUBiU Y. •V r ^ ; r- ■• ■ i. in