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 A m 
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 Papi 
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 I'etn 
 
PAPINEAU AND HIS HOME. 
 
 HV THOMAS l>. (iOKMAX. 
 
 A BEAUTIFUL cliatoau (111 the Ottawa 
 River atMonte Bello,iii tlie I'roviuet' of 
 Quebec, is the liome of tlie Papiueau 
 family, the son, graiid-chikh-eii and 
 great-graud-childreii of Louis Joseph 
 Papineau, the leader of the Canadian 
 insurrection of liS.'l7-88, and the j^r. at- 
 est man that French-Canada ever jn-o- 
 duced. Curiously enouf,di, the rising- 
 generation of the Papineaus will be in 
 sympathies and in language Americans. 
 They will be French only in name. 
 The present head of the family and 
 proprietor of the Castle or ' Manor 
 House" at Monte Bello, Mr. Louis J. 
 A. J\ipineau, son of the revolutionary 
 leadei", married an American lady, 
 Miss Westcott, of Saratoga. His only 
 son, who resides with him, married 
 Miss Rogers of Philadelphia, a beauti- 
 ful and charming 'ady, who is the 
 mother of an interesting family of 
 four sons, the eldest of whom, Louis 
 Joseph, is twelve years old. English 
 is tlie language of the household, 
 though French is spoken also. 'I'he 
 retainers and servants who keep the 
 magnificent park and grounds inonler 
 and attend to other duties upon the 
 estate or Seigniory, are both French 
 and English. Mr. L. J. A. Papineau, 
 inherited from his fatiier a thorougli 
 contempt for shams and subterfuges 
 of all kinds. He is a thorough 
 democrat. He was a founder of the 
 sons of liberty. When the uprising 
 took place in \H'A7 he was old enough 
 to shoulder a musket, and became the 
 captain of a company in tlie regiment 
 led by Colonel Rudolph Des Rivieres, 
 who was afterwards transported to 
 Bermuda for his part in the insurrec- 
 tion, V>ut was allowed to return the 
 next year. Among the articles in 
 Mr. Papineau's highly intcvi^sting 
 museum, are the flag which the insur- 
 
 gents carried, and the musket and 
 sword cirried by Captiin Papineau 
 himself. Mr. Papineau tilled for thirty- 
 two years the ottiee of joint prothono- 
 taiy in Montreal. After his resigna- 
 tion, he travelled extensively in 
 Europe, but for some years he has 
 devoted all his attention to the beauti- 
 ful seigniory. 
 
 On a knoll in the wooded park, on 
 the roadway leading from the chateau 
 to the village, stands tile iiiausc' um or 
 tomb of the Papineaus, a small , ■■ivate 
 chapel, in the vault o*^ which rest the 
 bones of the great Canadian leader, 
 and also those of his father, wife, a 
 son and a daughter. This tomb is 
 visible from the st amboat landing 
 through an opening or lane in the 
 park, and patriotic Canadians make 
 pilgrimages to it every year. 
 
 In tiie history of Canada the locality 
 around Monte Bello is noted as the 
 placewherethe Petite Nution of Algon- 
 (piin Indians lived.and where they were 
 almost exterminated by the Iro(iuois. 
 The Seigniory fronts fifteen miles on 
 the Ottawa and runs fifteen miles 
 back. In front the broad river flows 
 along majestically, while about two 
 miles to the north, behind the village, 
 the Laurentian mountains i-ise abruptly 
 to a considerable height. The Seigni- 
 ory was (3riginally the property of 
 Joseph Papineau, father of Louis 
 Joseph. The son purchased the place 
 from his father in 181(5, and repaired 
 thither, towards the close of his long 
 and stoi-my career, to create a beauti- 
 ful home for himself and his family, 
 and to end his days in (pi let retire- 
 ment. 
 
 The tourist cr traveller ascending 
 the Ottawa sees on the right bank, 
 upon ."in elevated point or bluff pro- 
 jecting into the river, a splendid forest 
 
2iH 
 
 7 HE CANADIAiY MAGAZINE. 
 
 i(-^,f/ ^} "''■'^. •''"' '•'"! iiiiiple trees, in the 
 iVont of wliicli, luilf-hiu'ied in folia^n-, 
 /^'/ '"^ .'!' ''"'f-'^ 'iiiiulran^nilar tliroe story 
 ''-'■ e.lifice, with hiirli towers at the an<;]cs. 
 ^^/r after the French fasliion. Tliis is tlie 
 cliateaii where the <>iifit ("anailian 
 i^l^ I'atriot (111 le,] his (lays, and where liis 
 (U'scendants reside. Around are well 
 kept (fa'-di-ns and Hower beds, and an 
 extensive niusenni, which the pioprie- 
 t()r tlirows open twice a week to pic- 
 nickers and other visitors, while in 
 front, and some distance to the west- 
 ward, are a nunilter of wooded islands. 
 Wiiat an ideiil retreat for a weai'v 
 statesman ! 
 
 The house itself is very L'uw. It 
 lias spacious halls and many' hand- 
 .s(ime ehand)er,s. 'Phe chief I'ooms ai'e, 
 of course, the twodi'awin^-i'oom.s, fur- 
 nished in the old French style. Hut 
 the princij)al feature of tlie drawing- 
 room is the view of the Ottawa 
 olitained from its lofty windows. No 
 river scenery is nwav charming. 'I'he 
 portion of the estahlishment which 
 shares the iionors with the drawini;- 
 r(X)m is the lihrary. 'I'his literary de- 
 pository, containing papers of great 
 historical value, and .several thousand 
 choice >'olunes, is a tower separate and 
 distinct from the main liuilding: it is 
 reached by a bridge from the house, 
 the gates or doois to which are of 
 iron. The isolation of' the library 
 was det(.'rniineil upon in ordei- to pre- 
 serve its contents from destruction by 
 tire, and it is .scarcely necessary to add 
 that the building is fireproof. 
 
 A lew months ago Air. I'apineau 
 created a sen.sation in Canada by pro- 
 testing vigoroi'sly against a propo.sal 
 to build a new church a' Monte H-llo 
 in place of tlie existing structuie and 
 in an open letter to Archl)islK)p 
 Duhainel made a strong a])|)eal, as an 
 anti(inarian and a historian, for the 
 pi'eservation of the old church, which 
 had been erected l)y his grandfathei-, 
 and extended by his father, and in 
 wliicti hestill has aseignorial interest, 
 and holds the Seignior's pew.' Mr. 
 I'apineau entered a sti'ong remon- 
 
 strance against the pi'actice of erecting 
 costly churches in poor parishes, and 
 thus unnecessarily burdening the peo- 
 ]>le. He contended that the existing 
 chiu-ch is ample foi- the needs of the 
 ])iirish, and offered to contribute a large 
 sum towards rejiairing it The sj)ire 
 of the old church is visible from Mr. 
 i'apint^au's libraiy window, through a 
 vis a in the tree tops which he keeps 
 constantly open. 
 
 .Monte Bello is a village of abcnit 
 eight hnndred inhabitants, liuilt chief- 
 ly along one street, and the houses are 
 mostly of wood. 
 
 The Papineau Chateau and Mauso- 
 leum are the principal objects of inter- 
 est in the place. The \layor of the 
 village, Mr. H. IJourassa, is'a member 
 of the I'apineau family, being the son 
 of an eminent Canadian artist, who 
 married a daughter of Louis Joseph 
 I'apineau. Mr. Bouras,sa, who is not 
 thirty years old, is a ri.sing politician 
 and a jouiiialist. 
 
 I'a])ineau is the stronges character 
 in French-Canadian history. By ear- 
 nest and persistent agitation, and un- 
 seltish devotion to their interest, he .se- 
 cured for his compatriots represent- 
 ative government and political lil)erty. 
 There is a close similarity between 
 the character and career of Pa])ineau, 
 the leader of the patriots of LowerCan- 
 ada, and tlujse of William Lyon Mac- 
 kenzie, the leader of the Cpper Canada 
 patriots, who also headc'l an in- 
 surrection in \K\~ against the niis- 
 lule of the (Government. I'apineau 
 was a parliamentarian and a journal- 
 i.st. So was Mack(>nzie. Hotli strug- 
 gled to throw oti" the despotism of 
 governors surrounded by irresponsible 
 advi.sei's. Mackenzie was denied the 
 [)arliamentary rights to which he was 
 entitled by virtue of his election. So 
 was I'apineau. The two patri(.)t lead- 
 ers Hed to the United States, after re- 
 wards had been offered for th(>ir cap- 
 ture, and both returned, after yeai's of 
 exile, to be re-elected to pariiament. 
 Some of Mackenzie's followers were 
 hanged in Toronto Twelve of I'apin- 
 
ticcot'ercc'tiiifj 
 parislu'S, and 
 filing till' pfto- 
 : t!u' oxistinjT 
 iic'i'ds of tlu' 
 trilmtc !i larg(> 
 it Tlic sj)in- 
 il)k' t'l'oiii Mr, 
 o\v, tliioujrii a 
 lic'li he ket'ps 
 
 la<fo of about 
 ts. I)uilt cliief- 
 tlif liouses ai'f 
 
 1 and Mauso- 
 jt'cts of inter- 
 Mayor of tlie 
 
 is a ineinl)er 
 liein^r till.' son 
 n artist, who 
 
 Louis .losi'pli 
 a, who is not 
 lug politician 
 
 (I's fliai'aotor 
 Dry. By ear- 
 tion, and un- 
 iiterest. hcsi'- 
 )ts ri'pri'sent- 
 litii'al liherty. 
 ,rity between 
 
 of Pa])ineau, 
 )f Lower Can- 
 Ill Lyon Mac- 
 ^p]ier Canada 
 idc'l an in- 
 nst the niis- 
 it. I'apineau 
 id a journal- 
 
 Hoth struj;-- 
 dt'spotism of 
 irresponsible 
 s denied the 
 vliich he wsis 
 eleetioii. So 
 [)atriot lead- 
 ites. after re- 
 ir their cap- 
 ifter yeai'sof 
 ) parliament, 
 (lowers were 
 ■Iveof I'apin- 
 
 rAPINHAU AND HJS HOME. 
 
 239 
 
 eau's lieutenants suffered death on the 
 .scaffold in Montreal, whiltMiiany more 
 were transported to Bernmda and 
 Australia for treason. 
 
 Louis .lose])h I'apineau was l)oi'n in 
 Montreal in Oetober, I7!S(), and died 
 at Monte Bello in September, LS71, 
 being- then nearly .S5 years old. His 
 father, a notary publie, deseeiided 
 from a family that had emiijrated from 
 Montiffny, France, was a man of ma- 
 jestic stature, who hail served in the 
 orijifinal jiarliament of the colony, and 
 his mother was a sister of the Hon. I). 15. 
 Viger, and of the mother of Mon.'^eig- 
 reur Lartigue, the first Roman (Jatho 
 lie bishop of Montreal. At school 
 Louis .loseph was an earnest student, 
 .sacrificing recreation to reading. Leav- 
 ing college at the age of seventeen, he 
 became a law -student in the office of 
 his cousin, D. B. Viger, a prominent 
 ])olitician, and was soon admitted to 
 the bar. Hut young Pa])ineau's abili- 
 ties as a ))(jwerfid and pati'iotic orator 
 were alivady known to ids country- 
 men, who elected him to parliament 
 for the division which now forms 
 Chambly C 'on nty, before his admission 
 to the bar. He entered the assembly 
 in IMIO, and soon took his place as a 
 leader in the battle for constitutional 
 Sioverinnent with Sir .lames Crai", the 
 then (Joveriior. So fierce was the con- 
 rtict that members of the legislature 
 were sent to prison, while soldiers, 
 acting under the orders of the ( iov- 
 ernor, destroyed the office of the news- 
 paper organ of the C'anadian jiarty. 
 In bSl.^ Papineau was elected tor one 
 of the ilivisions of Montreal, and con- 
 tinued to rejire.seiit that city until the 
 insurrection in bS.S7. 
 
 Like his father, Louis Joseph Pai)in- 
 eau was a man of splendid physiipie 
 and commanding presence. S'early 
 six feet in height, broad-chested, witii 
 finely-moulded, handsome face, ])ierc- 
 ing eye, a deep, magnitieeiit v<iice and 
 a manner courteous and kind, he was 
 a born leader of men. One of tlit^best 
 .sketches of Papineau's lite is that 
 written in bS72 bv the late T. S. 
 
 Brown, a Scotchman, who was the 
 commander of the insuri'ectionary 
 foi'ces, and who, like his chief, lived 
 to a great age. 
 
 To appreciate the moti\es which 
 actuated Pa])ineau and his associates, 
 it is necessary to review the condition 
 of affairs which he found when he en- 
 teral public life. In 17!)1 (Jreat 
 Britain e.stabli.shed in her colony of 
 Lower Canada a legislative assembly, 
 inve.sted nominally with all the attri- 
 butes of the British H<iuse of Com- 
 
 I.Ol'IS .roSEl'H I'.^l'lNEAl. 
 
 mons. But there was also a legislative 
 council whose members were appoint- 
 ed by Crown, and an executive council 
 chosen by the Coverner. Not daring 
 to ext rcise its just ])owers, the assemb- 
 ly had for a ijuarter of a century sub- 
 mitted to the dictation of the councils 
 and the officials, who for the most 
 part had no sympathy whatever with 
 the aspirations or feelings of the 
 colonists. The (.Jovernor, always a 
 military officer, was a convenient tool 
 in the hands of tlie officials s(>nt out 
 from London, and it became the duty 
 
240 
 
 THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE. 
 
 ol' I'apiiicini t(> iii.s])irc liiscoimti yiiicn. 
 and iiifnv i'.s|K.'ciiilly tlu' iiiciiilpi'i-s ol 
 tlic lu^rislativc Hsscuilily. witli coiiniov 
 to insist U|)i)n tlieir i-i^iitMiml powers. 
 Befoiv li',' came on the scene tlii' nieni- 
 bevs of the eleeteil liody could discuss, 
 di'lilierate and vote, luit tiieir decisinus 
 aiiioiinted pi'actically to iiotiiiiij,^. t'oi' 
 tlie (Jovernor, on tlie advice ol' cuuii- 
 cilliu's of liis own selection, could \cto 
 evei-y act ol' tile assciidily. Tlie oiilr 
 I'eilresH was an a|i|iea! to the ('oh:)ni;'d 
 ottice in l.oiulon, rniiu which a satis- 
 factory judylllellt was \-ery seidolii 
 obtained, thus Pajiineau hVcanic the 
 leader of the people in thcii- ,struei.le 
 iioainst an autocratic; bureaucracy, and 
 the chanii)ion of repi-e.sentative' insti- 
 tutions in Canada. 
 
 While Papineau was Speakei', he 
 was, in fact as well as in name, " The 
 First Commoner." He was not mere- 
 ly the chairman of the as.sembly, and 
 the protector of the ri;L,dits of its'niem- 
 l)ers, but he would fretnieiitly call 
 another member to the chair and des- 
 cend to the Moor to take pai't in tln' 
 debate He was in fact leadei- of the 
 majority party. 
 
 Thewarof i.S12-l.') between Canada 
 and the Cnited States had induced Sir 
 (ieorge Prevost, the ( iovernor of the 
 time, io adopt a policy of conciliation 
 towards the French-CJanadians, with 
 the view of securin^r tluir fealty. This 
 allayed political a.sperities somewhat, 
 and the French-Canadians assisted in 
 repellinjr the American invaders dur- 
 intr that period. Amonj,' the volunteers 
 enrolled under the British tlaj,' was 
 -Mr. Papineau, who was ^'iven a com- 
 mission as a captain of militia. As 
 an evidence of his j^enerous spirit, it 
 is related that while the British forces 
 were conductinff a portion of Hull's 
 army from Lachine to Monti'cal as 
 prisoneis of war, a refrimental band of 
 the reynlars struck up " Yankee 
 J)oodle' to ainioy the Americans who 
 had surrendcired their arms ; whei'e- 
 upon Captain Papineau wheeled his 
 company out of line, ileclarini:- he 
 W(nild not countenance such an insult 
 
 to helple.ss men. Instead of bein^ 
 coui't-martialed and re])rimanded. he 
 was commended liy the ( Jovernor for 
 his conduct. It was in IM.') that Mr. 
 Papineau succeeded Mr. I'anet as 
 Speakei-of tlie I,ower( 'auadiiin Assem- 
 bly and leadeiof the French Canadian 
 party. He was then but :'!» yeni'sold, 
 but his exi'i'y thought wa^ dexdted t<> 
 pnlilieadairs. \"eneiable oliiciids still 
 iivinj^-, who sei'Ved as otHcers of parli- 
 nient nniler ra])ineau, describe him as 
 one who always .showed ^'reat con- 
 sideration towards them, ft was his 
 lialiit when parliament met to visit 
 every emjiloye thereof, and on le;i\ini' 
 at the end of each session he would 
 bid each man a formal farewell. 
 
 For nearly ten years Papineau con- 
 tinned, in and (ait of i'arlianient, his 
 constitutional strui;';;ie lor responsible 
 <;-o\(M-iniient, and both in pidilic and 
 private life he stood irrepi-oaehalile. 
 In iSlN he married .Mile, .lulie 
 liriineau, dauf,diter of I'ierre liriineau. 
 di' (^)nebec.a meiciiant and niemlier of 
 parliament Madame I'apinean was a 
 superior woman in intellect and educa- 
 tion as well as in per.sonal attractions, 
 and was also a devoted wife and 
 mother. She bdlowed her husband 
 cheerfully into exile, and shared all 
 his privations. .Mr I'apineau's mar- 
 riae'e was in y^wvy respect a liapj)y 
 one. .Madame Papineau died at Monte 
 Hello on the bNtli of A>]<.;ust. I.S(i:i, 
 nine years before her hiisiiaiid. 
 
 Soon after the ari'ival in Canada, 
 in iStiO, of the Farl of Dalhonsie. the 
 bower Canadian lei>isLtture was called 
 upon to provide for the wholi' civil 
 list of the colony, an undertakint^- to 
 that etl'ect haviuL,' been made twoyears 
 before. Though the public accounts 
 shov/ed an excess of exjienditure over 
 revenue, Daliiousii' insisteil that the 
 money for the support of him.self attd 
 his j;'OVernment should l»e voted i-i} 
 i>loi\ payable annually durinjrthe life 
 of the kin;^-. To this proposition Pap- 
 ineau I'ind his fi'iends objected, holdino- 
 that the inoiK;,' should be voted in 
 detail, and that all expenditure ac- 
 
 counts slio' 
 tion of the 
 many hold 
 curists and 
 pay from t 
 the assendi 
 n.'fusing t(i 
 ( lOvernor t 
 to shield t 
 money in 
 [•leased. 1 
 views, poiii 
 upon expc 
 House of C 
 nor pleadef 
 crown." 
 struggle CO 
 manding tl 
 irnm(>nt bt 
 assend)ly cl 
 revenues ol 
 side issues 
 lation of ti 
 Parliament 
 '. 'anaila. 
 •lohn Caldv 
 
1 
 
 >■'■ 
 
 1 of lii-iii^ 
 iiaiiilt'd. he 
 iivcrnor I'or 
 I") tlifit Mr. 
 
 I'm let as 
 linn AssiMii- 
 li L'aiuuliaii 
 !• years old, 
 'It'Vdtfd to 
 )llicials still 
 I's ul' |iarli- 
 rilic liiiii as 
 j^ri'at cou- 
 rt was his 
 rt til \isit 
 on ira\ in^' 
 
 lie would 
 well, 
 
 liiR'au coii- 
 iaiiK'iit, his 
 I'v'spoiisiblf 
 |Hil)lic and 
 iiuacliahk'. 
 Ille. .luli.- 
 !■ Iiiuiieau, 
 iiiciiilier of 
 lean was a 
 ami ciluca- 
 ittrai-tious, 
 
 wife and 
 1' luishaud 
 shared all 
 ■all's iiiar- 
 ; a lia]»)iy 
 1 at Monte 
 ;-ust. l.S(i2. 
 Lud. 
 
 1 Canada, 
 housic. the 
 was called 
 lioli' ci\'il 
 •takiiio' to 
 ■ twi) years 
 • accounts 
 I i tare over 
 i tliat the 
 iiisolt' an<l 
 
 voted en 
 niftlie life 
 itioii Pap- 
 d, holdinn 
 
 voted in 
 diture ac- 
 
 /'.l/'/\/-:.n/ AND J J IS IIOMI'.. 
 
 241 
 
 VlhW <1K TlIK llTIAWA lUoM TIIK niMli, 
 
 coniit-s should hesuhject to the iiisjiec- 
 tion of the leoislature. There were 
 many holders of dual jiortions, siiie- 
 curists and (jbnoxious persons drawinrf 
 pay from the puhlic treasury. These 
 the assemhly .sought to \h-X rid of hy 
 refusing to vote their salaries, lait the 
 ( lovernor and his councillors desired 
 to sJiield them, and so rei|uired the 
 money in lailk to pay out as they 
 Jileaseil. I'apineau, in support of his 
 views, point(;d to the checks imposed 
 upon exjiendituree by the British 
 House of Commons, whih' the ( lover- 
 nor pleaded the "javrogative of the 
 crown." For a dozen yi\ars this 
 struggle continued; the ( lovernor de- 
 maiuiing that the money for civil gov- 
 ernment he granted in hulk, and the 
 assond)ly claiming full control over the 
 re\-enues of the colony. A numher of 
 side issues arose. An Act for the regu- 
 lation of trade passed by the British 
 Parliament, caused much irritation in 
 Canada. The Receivi". (ienera!, Sii- 
 • lohn Caldwell, was defended hv the 
 
 ( lox'ernor when he refused, until a 
 defalcation of more than II(K),()00 
 was discovered, to rendei' to the as- 
 sembly a .statement of his accounts. 
 Concessions were obtained liy the as- 
 sembly very slowly, and "• arly e\ery 
 measure passed by the a.s. ,:.')ly wiaild 
 lie thrown out by the legisla-ive coun- 
 cil. In the ho])e of neutralizing his 
 iullueiice and winning his support, the 
 tiovernor made I'apineau a memlier of 
 the executive council in 1M18. The 
 method had jiroved .successful in other 
 cases, bu*, to the Go\ei'iior's astonish- 
 ment. I'apineau appeared at the coun- 
 cil meetings, and opposed the jiolicy 
 of the goverinni'nt with all his might. 
 During this period, the population 
 became divided upon national lines. 
 The Kreiich-Canailians, with few ex- 
 ce]itions, stood by Fapineau, while the 
 Knglish residents, fearing " French 
 domination," sideil with the Governor. 
 Some French-t'anadians, fond of " so- 
 ciety," and taught to regard ojiposition 
 to the establisheil order of things as 
 
242 
 
 THE CANADMN MAGAZINE. 
 
 iisfleHH, vveiv \v(jn over tu the " loyal 
 .side, from time to time, by appoint- 
 ments or promises of preferment : and 
 Papincau sometimes foiuul his stroiifj- 
 est antagonists among tleserters from 
 his own camp. 
 
 It is a curious fact, however, that 
 when the insurrection took place its 
 real leaders were VVolfred Nelson, an 
 Knglishman: Thomas Storrow Brown, 
 a Scotchman, and E. B. O'Uallaghan, 
 an Irishman. 
 
 In IS22, Papineau and -lohn Neilson 
 went to Kngland and succeeded in in- 
 ducing tiie liritish Parliament to throw 
 out a hill having for its object the 
 union of the two Canadas. The griev- 
 ances of the Lower Canadians continu- 
 ed to accunudate. The clergy preach- 
 ed submission, and the (lovernor's 
 party spoke of Papineau and his fol- 
 lowers as " reliels." Mr. Papineau was 
 re-elected Speaker when pnrliaimmt 
 met in 1827, but the Earl of Dalhousie, 
 still Governor, refused to approve the 
 choice of the a.ssembly, which would 
 elect nobody else and the result was 
 that the Governor was recalled by the 
 FJritiah Government, and his successor. 
 Sir .lames Kempt, was sent out to ap- 
 prove, in a speech prepared for him in 
 London, the choice of the as.sembly. A 
 special committee of the British House 
 of Commons made a report admitting 
 the justice of Mr Papineau's interpre- 
 tation of the right conferred upon the 
 ( 'anadian Legislature by the Constitu- 
 tion of 17.41, but Her Majesty's Min- 
 isters never awoke from their lethargy 
 until the news of the insurrection and 
 the battles at St. Denis and St. Charles 
 reached them. Then they came to the 
 conclusion that the only way to retain 
 Canada in possession of the British 
 Crown was to grant to the people the 
 legislative powers which thej' de- 
 manded 
 
 Pa])ineau was the great pojiular 
 leader of his day. While Dalhousie 
 and CJosford were the upholders of 
 misrule, he was the champion of col- 
 onial self-government. For years he 
 refused the salary of one thousand 
 
 1)ounils otlered him, contiary to law, 
 )y the executive, although hi- had 
 abandoned his legal ])ractice, and his 
 Seigniory yielded no reveinie. In the 
 early years of his Speakership he ac- 
 cepted the salaiy H.xed by law as pro- 
 vision for his su])port. " With one- 
 half," .sajs Brown," he maintained and 
 educateil his family : the other half, 
 with little thought for prospective 
 private re(|uirt!ments, was expended 
 in aid of an ill-sui)ported liberal press, 
 and in those numerous calls of which 
 j)ublic men who have not their hands 
 in the ])ublic treasury know the cost." 
 The givat ma.ssof his countrymen sup- 
 ported him nobly with their votes, and 
 his will, proclaimed in parliament and 
 from a hundred platforms, was law 
 with the French-Canadian masses. 
 Spurning all etl'orts at compromise, 
 and otters of othcial preferment, he 
 struggled with voice and pen for pol- 
 itical liberty for his compatriots, and 
 his power and earnestness carried 
 down all opj)osition. Adajiting Dean 
 Swift's advice to the Irish, to burn 
 everything that came from England, 
 exce{)t coals, Papineau exhorted the 
 Canadians to abstain from the use of 
 all duty-paying articles, in order to 
 diminish the revenue, which he .said 
 was only collected tol)e stolen. Peace- 
 ful ])opular demonstrations greeted 
 him v.iierever he appeared, but he 
 never advocated violent measures, and 
 discountenanced the preparations for 
 an armed insurrection. He only asked 
 what in the end was cheerfully con- 
 ceded b\' Great Britain to all her col- 
 onies. When the younger men of his 
 part}' lost patience and pi'epared to 
 defend themselves and their leader 
 against ai'i'est, they formed an organ- 
 ization Cfdled the " Sons of Lilierty." 
 Thomas Storrow Brown was made 
 general of the military branch of the 
 organization. A meeting held in 
 Montrenl on the (ith November, 1837, 
 led to riots, arrests for sedition and a 
 ])roclamation of martial law, and Paj)- 
 ineau went to the Richelieu district, 
 where Hrown and Nel.son already had 
 
 1 
 
 S-^,*#.i»A'i* ,*:..■*', 
 
"■i ?%-«BS»^^iiiwiSi gm^-n: . -v.^- ^'^riiMH 
 
 PAriXhAr AND UJS HOME. 
 
 243 
 
 rury iu law, 
 uph ho liad 
 tico, and his 
 iiuu. In the 
 tshij) ho ttc- 
 / law; as pro- 
 " Witli oiie- 
 intaiiiud and 
 ' otlier iialf, 
 prospective 
 IS expen<led 
 liberal pi-ess, 
 lis of which 
 their hands 
 jw the cost." 
 itrymen sup- 
 nv votes, and 
 •lianient and 
 IS, was law 
 ian masses, 
 compromise, 
 iferment, lie 
 pen for pol- 
 )atriots, and 
 less carried 
 a])ting J)ean 
 sli, to burn 
 )iu Kiifjland, 
 xhorted the 
 I the use of 
 in order to 
 lich he .said 
 olen. Peace- 
 ons greeted 
 red, but he 
 easures, and 
 laration.^ for 
 B only asked 
 3rfully con- 
 all her col- 
 r men of liis 
 prepared to 
 heir leader 
 d an organ- 
 )f Liberty." 
 was made 
 •aiich of the 
 ig held in 
 3mber, 1837, 
 lition and a 
 Av, and Faj)- 
 lieu district, 
 already had 
 
 
 jn't'pared for arnn'il I'l'sistancc to the 
 fxt'cution of the warrants lor tlifir 
 arrest. 
 
 (lovi'i'nor ( losford resisted to the 
 utmost the eti'oits of Mr. I'apiiieau to 
 procuri' I'esponsiiilt' go'.ernmcMt for 
 his compatriots, but a letter, writti-n 
 on the 7th December, 1847. by the 
 Governor to Mr. Daly, (afterwards Sir 
 Dominic Duly. (Jovernor of Prince 
 Kdward Islaml and of South Australia) 
 who was a mcmbei' of the Canadian 
 (Jovernment for many years, shows 
 that Pa])ineau won the admiration of 
 his antagonists. I^a-d Uosford, then 
 in Knglaiul, wrote:--" I am very glad 
 that Mr. Papineau has returned to 
 Canaila.also that he enjoys good health. 
 I do not believe that our sentiments 
 differed much as to the general situa- 
 tion of Canada. He in- 
 sisted on certain points 
 which 1 coulfl not yield, 
 although on sevi'ral occa- 
 sions 1 would gladly have 
 done .so. I should have 
 desired that he remained 
 at Quebec. I have always 
 considered his departure 
 for Montreal a misfortune. 
 Had he remained in Que 
 bee how manj" troubles, and 
 political broils we might 
 have avoided ! I always 
 recall with satisfaction my 
 conversations with Mr. Pap- 
 ineau, in which he express- 
 ed .sentiments ami opinions 
 which reH' cted the highest 
 honor to his intelligence 
 and to his heart If you 
 meet him. kindly expre.ss 
 to him my best regards, 
 with my remembrance of 
 him, should you think it 
 would be aijreeaVjle to him 
 to receive them." 
 
 Another document, wriiten in J8:}o, 
 which throws a great deal of light 
 upon the condition of affairs in Lower 
 Canada in the fourth decade of this 
 century-, is a letter written by Mr. 
 T. Fred. Elliott, who was sent out bv 
 
 till- British (iovernmeiil as secietary 
 to the ( iosfoi'd eonmiission, to his 
 friend Henry Taylor of the Colonial 
 otKee, (afterwards Sir Henry Taylor). 
 'J'he secretary of the commission evi- 
 dently obtaiiuMl a clearer knowledge 
 of the situation than the commissioner. 
 Lord Howick, the war secretary of the 
 time, wrote of Klliott's letter as decid- 
 edly the best ])aper on Canadian affairs 
 he had ever read, and asked that it lie 
 shovv'i to Lord Melbourne, the Prime 
 Minister, and to King William \\ :. he 
 also re(|UesttMl ju'ruiissiou to use the 
 information contained therein in pre- 
 paring a statement of his views as to 
 what theClovernment's })olicy towards 
 Caimda should be. Mr. Klliott, who 
 was a nei>hew of the first l^ord Minto, 
 describee! the several factions, as the 
 
 I.. .1. A. l-APIKEAl'. 
 (Theprenent head of the family.) 
 
 Official, the English, and the French 
 classes ; the first named being compos- 
 ed chiefly of place-holders, dull and 
 interested, fond of privilege, but al- 
 most devoid of influence. The English 
 party was composed of merchants and 
 
 1 .i^?«£i«i^»^^SU^61fiE'g9£%rua:ia$i;>-.j.^'A' 
 
244 
 
 THE C AX A I) IAN MACAZLML 
 
 I 
 
 luiiilitwiicrs, wertlthy aixl iiitclli^i'iit. 
 Vet Mr. Kllidtt saiil liiMlid not likctliL" 
 Kii<,f|isli imrty. rt'^fardiiifj it as " fully 
 as amliitious ot" iloiiiiiiatioii us tlic 
 Krciic'li party, niid |iii'|inri'(| to soi-k it 
 l)y inori' iiiis('iii|>iiioiJs means" Mi' 
 i'xpresHi'il tlu- opinion timt tlic Kniflisli 
 party would li.; tirst to cut adrift from 
 till' .Mother ooinitry. if sneli a stop lie- 
 caint' »'xpi'dient, as they were ' liy far 
 the lii'st disposed to sympathize with 
 RepnMiean principles, and most cap- 
 iilile of wielilin^' Hepnlilicaii in'-titu- 
 tioiis. Of the French i)arty, Mr. Kl- 
 liott says :— ' Tiic Quchoc leaders, I 
 Jiave learned. Hatter thcniselves that 
 they act from pi'iidence, hecause, as 
 they ari,'ue, while they are outnumber- 
 ed by the Montreal members, wIk^ are 
 miller Papineau's more inuiiediate in- 
 tlui'uce, it would be an unjustitiable 
 <listiirbaiice to insist on any but fund- 
 iimental differences of opinion. Others 
 aifain buy; themselves with the notion 
 that I'upiiieau is the instrument. 
 Heaven help their wits. He is in 
 truth their mastei-. Their natures 
 crave support, and the}- will always 
 .seek it in eharacters more vif^oroiis 
 than their own. I never saw any one 
 who .seemed better versed than the 
 Canadian Speaker in the arts and de- 
 meanor by which one man wields 
 dominion over the minds of many, and 
 he is daily becoiniuf^- more contirnied 
 in his sway.ius they are in tbeii' obeili- 
 <iiiee, Tlie truth is that Papineau, 
 with all his faults, is rather a tine fel- 
 low. I dare say we shall find him 
 perverse aiiil.susi)ieious, and that if he 
 ever quarrels with us he will be coarse- 
 ly abusive Still, the ^'ood ])ointH of 
 iiis character are not to be denied. He 
 seems to be irreiiroachable in his 
 private life; in .social intercourse he is 
 milil and ffentlenianlike, and if in pol- 
 itics he is too hot and unnu'asured in 
 his proceedings, I do not find that 
 reasonable men accuse him of beino- 
 dishonest. VVhitever else he be, it is 
 impossible to set eyes on him and not 
 perceive that he is by nature, as rnueli 
 as by the station he has now won for 
 
 him.self, the first of the l''rencli-Cana- 
 dian race." 
 
 I)etwei'n bS.SO and \K\1 a sub,servi- 
 eiit (^)uebec j,'rand ,jury found true 
 bills aeainst .lolin Neilson, a Scotch- 
 man, and Charles .Mondelet, a French- 
 Canadian lawyer, for .seditious writ- 
 ings. The accused were never tried, 
 and Mondelet afterwards l)ecaine a 
 judge of the Superior Court. It was 
 in l.s:{4 that i'apineau prepared his 
 !)2 resolutions setting forth the griev- 
 ances of his countrymen, and after 
 supporting them in the assembly he 
 went through the country urging the 
 people nevei- to cea.se agitating until 
 they were adopted. Dr. Tracey, and 
 Mr. Duvernay were imprisoned in 
 bS.'?2 for calling the legislative council 
 " a nui.sance." One legislative coun- 
 cillor charged the whole French-Can- 
 adian population with attem|)ting to 
 establish a ri'pul)lic. Militia officers 
 were d ism i.ssed for sympathizing with 
 I'apineau in his agitation. These oc- 
 currences served to irritate the people 
 greatly, but the as.sembly remained 
 firm, and Papineau always coon.selled 
 modei-ation. Dui'ing the four years 
 l.S.S2-:{() the assembly left the govern- 
 ment without supplies. 
 
 Lord (losford, who arrived and as- 
 sumed the governorship in bS,S5, open- 
 ed the .session of parliament in IH.'JO 
 with a speech which showed that no 
 attention had l)een paid to the public 
 grievances. This exasperated the 
 assembly. Twenty years of neglect, 
 prevarication and procrastination had 
 exhausted the public patience land tin- 
 assembly replied to the address, 
 di'clining to delil)erate until His 
 Majesty's government should com- 
 mence the work of justice and reform: 
 and stated that luitil grievances were 
 redressed no supplies woidd be voted, 
 (josford prorogued parliament at the 
 end of tliirteen days. A resolution 
 was introduced in the British House 
 of Commons by Lord John Russell, 
 authorizing Governor ( Josford to pay 
 u}> arrears of govri-nment expenses 
 with monev from the Lower Canadian 
 
 out till 
 
PAI'tXHAU Ai\D J IIS IIOMI: 
 
 145 
 
 Kniicli-C'uiiii- 
 
 17 II siilwst'iv i- 
 ' t'ouinl triif 
 3n, a Scotcli- 
 Ict. a Fri'iieli- 
 ■ditioiKs writ- 
 I never tried, 
 lis liccaine a 
 )Urt. It was 
 |pre]iareil his 
 til tin? ffi'iev- 
 II, )iiii| alter 
 asseintily lie 
 y 'ii'^Mi';^ ttie 
 ;itutiiijf until 
 Tracey, and 
 prisoned in 
 ativc co'.uicil 
 siativc! couii- 
 Kreneli-Can- 
 tteiiipting to 
 ilitia ofHcei's 
 thi/iiij,' witli 
 1. 'I'liese oc- 
 te tlie ptjople 
 ly reniiiiiied 
 ■s coiinsidled 
 tour years 
 the f^overn- 
 
 vcd and as- 
 1 1 885, open- 
 lent in I8.'}(j 
 ved that no 
 3 the pulilie 
 [lerated the 
 i of ne^leet, 
 ■;ination had 
 iiice:aiid the 
 le address, 
 until His 
 hould coiii- 
 and reform: 
 vanees were 
 lid be voted, 
 iieiit at till' 
 V resolution 
 itiali House 
 )hn Russell, 
 ford to {lay 
 it expenses 
 er Canadian 
 
 tnuNurv. Ii was tliat resolutijii tiiat 
 precipitat'"! the insurreetion, th()Ui,'li 
 it was never aeted Upon The news 
 of the adoption of this resolution, 
 which deprived the assembly of con- 
 ti. 1 of piililic money, reach- 
 ed Canada in A]iril, Is:}", 
 and at once indienatiou 
 ineetiiii,fs were held through- 
 out the Province. The aci 
 tiition liecame so hot that 
 Lord ( io.sfoid asked his 
 Attorney-! ieiieral to issue 
 wari'ants for high treason 
 against leading nicii. 'I"he 
 judges would not grant 
 warrant^, but siiliservieiit 
 magistrates did, and many 
 arrests were made, while 
 some of the accused escaped 
 to the I'nited States. Only 
 three men organized armed 
 resistance to the (Jovernor s 
 ]>rocee( lings. They were 
 Dr. Nelson, who led the 
 insurrectionary forces at 
 St. iV'iiis; Thomas Storrow IJrowii, 
 who commanded the patriots at the 
 liatUe of St. ( 'liarlfs, and Dr. Clienier, 
 who le<l a very poorly e(|uipped lot of 
 habitants in the Hght at St. Kustache. 
 The insurrection was(piickly suppress- 
 ed. Twelve of the leaders were hang- 
 ed in Montreal, and a taU monument 
 has been erected to their memory in 
 (Jote des Xeige, Cemetery, near the 
 top of Mount Ro3'al. Meanwhile 
 Papineau, the most prominent tigure 
 of the whole insurrectionary move- 
 ment, had not been captured, though 
 a reward liai! been offered for his head, 
 He and H. B. O'Callaglian had escaped 
 to the Cnited States, nearly losing 
 their lives while crossing Lake Minis- 
 i|uoi on the ice. The insurri'ction, 
 though not bj- any means a success 
 from a militar}- point of view, had 
 drawn the attention of the British 
 government and the world to the 
 grievances of Canada and compelled 
 their redress. Coiise(piently it is to 
 Papineau and other jiatfiotj; of ]kH7, 
 in ITpper and Lower C^anada, that 
 
 Canadians owe the liberties the}' enjoy 
 to-day. The attempt of American 
 sym|)athi/ers to aid tlie Canadians in 
 IH.S8 ended in failure. Pajiineau, 
 though residing in the I'nited States 
 
 •I'HK TOMIt ^1V TlIK I' VI'INKAl s. 
 (Mu linoleum ill ilic I'lirk.) 
 
 at the time, did not approve the ex- 
 jjcilition which met with ilisaster at 
 Windmill I'oint. 
 
 There w.is, at the time, among the 
 DtMiiocrats of the north, a strong feel- 
 ing in favor of invading and, if [lo.ssi- 
 ble, annexing Canada, but the South 
 would not hear of the addition of 
 another tii'r of anti-slavery States to 
 the north, and President Van lUireii 
 sided with the slave-owners. But 
 Papineau vi.sited Washington, while 
 negotiating with the Cnited States 
 government, and on that occasion the 
 Dcmorratic Rrvicir (of June. IS:W) 
 spoke of him thus : 
 
 " In this ]ilace we tfike pleasure in 
 recording a passing tribute of admira- 
 tion to the distinguished accomplish- 
 ments of a gentleman wlio has been 
 maile the object of a great deal of 
 Hippant and ignorant abu.se by the 
 English portion of our American press. 
 Our readers need not be told to how 
 large a proportion of the Whig Press, 
 this designntioii is yiroperly applicable. 
 We refer to Mr. I'apineau, who Viy 
 
246 
 
 THE CAXADIAX MACAZlNli. 
 
 coinnion consent may lie reoarded as 
 tlie i'c|iresfntativi' ol' the Freiieli- 
 Aniericuii iiopnlatioti. From .some 
 con.sidei-ahleopportniiitv ol" kiiowled^je 
 and personal judgment, we are fully 
 justified in Maying; tliat Mr. I'apineau 
 is one oF the tii'st men of the time. 
 Amiable, polished, and courteous, his 
 manners iire on a par witli Ids eminent 
 natural power and capacity of intellect 
 It is ditticult to start a suliject of con- 
 versation on any topic of literature, 
 .science, or politics, on which he does not 
 .seem practically cpialitied to shine, and 
 that, not l>y the sli<rhtest .seeming- 
 effort or desire for display, hut as 
 luminous bodies shine, in all directions, 
 because such is their nature. His 
 language is (in the Enj^-lish, as much 
 as in his native tongue) remarkably 
 elo(pjent, precise, forcible, while per- 
 fectly ea.sy and natui-al : rendering- 
 him, with his vigorous clearness, the 
 tide of thought whidi flows trans- 
 parent through his couver.sation, one 
 of the most elo(pient and jiersuasive 
 of speakei-s. When to these attributes 
 we add great .simplicity and kindness, 
 both of cliaracter and manners: a per- 
 fect pin-ity of (iome.stic life ; a i-are 
 generosity ami philoso])hic candor 
 towards his opponents, as remarkably 
 transparent in his conversation, under 
 circumstances little calculated to fos- 
 ter such a love of .sentiment : an earn- 
 est patriotism ; an incorru|)tible integ- 
 rity, both of private and public char- 
 acter: all the .severe virtues (to (piote 
 an expression of one wIkj was no 
 blindly jiartial judge) of a Cato, with 
 a mind deeply indiued with the spirit 
 of the lil)eral jiolitical philo.sophy of 
 the age, we shall not be surprised in 
 what Lord Durham styles ' tlie extra- 
 ordinary influence' such a man has 
 been able for many years to exert in 
 the A,ss(Mnbly of Lower (.'anada ; 
 though it by no means follows that 
 these (jualities whi<di have made him 
 so coMtinut'd a parliamentarian should 
 make the .same individual exactly the 
 man for a physical revolution. It was 
 th(! remarkofatlistinguished Amei'ican 
 
 Senator, founded tai ac<|Uaintance dat- 
 ing many years back, that he has 
 never met with a foreigner sothorougli- 
 
 ly < \cr.sant with the history, the 
 
 literature, the jii'inciples and the men 
 of our American politics, as Mr. 
 Pa]nneau,and we may here allude, in 
 passing, to the fact that Mr. f'apincau's 
 o])inions fuliy sustained and syni- 
 [lathised with the general p(jlicy of the 
 late and of the present Democratic 
 Administration, with whicli he is ver\- 
 familiar, and especially in the great 
 struggle for financial reform, vitally 
 im|)ortant to the be.st interests, moral 
 and material, of the country, in which 
 the .same have been ,so 1 leeply engaged.'" 
 -After a short residence at Albany 
 anil other ])oints in the Tnited States, 
 .Mr, I'apineau visited France, whei-e lie 
 remained for eight years, devoting 
 liim.self to literary work and .studies. 
 A noUf iir<is('<iin had been entered in 
 the Montreal courts in his case in IH4:i, 
 unsolicited by him. 'I'his enabled him 
 to return to Canada, the reward offer- 
 ed having been withdrawn: the whole 
 proceedings amounting to an acknow- 
 leilgnieiit that there never was any 
 .just ground foi- his pro.secution. 
 
 I'apineau had been driven into exile, 
 a price being placed upon his head, 
 only to be t(jld at the end of six years 
 that he was an innocent man. On his 
 return to Canada in 1847 he received 
 four years of undrawn salary due to 
 him as Sjieaker of the legislative 
 assembly. and was elected to the parlia- 
 ment of the United Canadas by the 
 County of St. Maurice shortly nitv.r his 
 return. Hut theconditions had changed. 
 The rights and privileges for which he 
 hadbattledhad been won, ami instead of 
 Hnding himself surrounded, as of old, 
 by disintereste<l men struggling for 
 popular rights, he was among " ins '" 
 and "outs," the dividing line in matter 
 of principle not being ilefined. He did 
 not take kindly to tlie idea of liaving 
 a Xcjrth-Aiiierican country governed 
 u[)on the monarchical ])lan, so he soon 
 hist interest 'n the parliamentary pro- 
 ceedings, and liegan to devote liim.self 
 
 (jfeorge 
 
PAPIXEAU AND HIS HOME. 
 
 247 
 
 liiiiituiice (lat- 
 thiit he has 
 rsothorougli- 
 
 history, the 
 ami the tiu'ii 
 ;if.s. as M r. 
 I'i'c alhulf, in 
 Ir. I'apincau s 
 I ami ayni- 
 
 poHcy of tliL' 
 t Dciiiocratic 
 it'll hf is very 
 ill the p-cat 
 I'oriu. vitally 
 crests, moral 
 try. ill which 
 |ily eiiirugcd.'" 
 • at Albany 
 iiited Stati's, 
 K'f, where he 
 rs, devoting 
 and studies. 
 1 eiiti'red in 
 ease in 1 84:5. 
 i enabled him 
 •eward otfer- 
 n : the whole 
 
 an aeknow- 
 er was any 
 iitiun. 
 
 Ml into exile, 
 )ii his head, 
 of six years 
 laii. ()n his 
 
 he received 
 lary due to 
 ' legislative 
 ,0 the parlia- 
 idas by the 
 tly afti'r his 
 lad changed, 
 for which he 
 iidinsteatlof 
 d, as of old, 
 uggliiig for 
 long " ins " 
 le in matter 
 ed. He (lid 
 a of having 
 y governed 
 , so he soon 
 ieiitary pro- 
 'ote himself 
 
 to the improvement of his long neg- 
 lected seigniory oil the Ottawa. He had 
 de' lolished the bureaucracy and se- 
 cured for the people re])reseiitative 
 government. If they failed to profit 
 by his labors it would l)e their own 
 fault. 'I'rue, his triumph overniisnde 
 was only acknowledged during his 
 exile, and he entered the new parlia- 
 ment chiefly to please others, for while 
 he dill not approve the plan of govern- 
 ment set up liy his successors in the 
 leadeiNhi])of the as,seiiibl\-, he did not 
 
 thought more ol him than of (artier: 
 for while 1,000 pounds had been ofl'er- 
 ed tor his (rapineau's) head, only 500 
 IKiunds had been offered for Cartier's. 
 It was in 1 8r)4 that Mr. Papineau 
 ;iliaiidoiir(l])olitical life, and retireil to 
 his chateau at .Monte Hello. But he 
 still took a lively interest in the affiiirs 
 of his country, and on Decemiier 17th, 
 I8()7, when eighty years old, delivered, 
 before th(> Institute Caviadien, in Mont- 
 real, a remarkable' address which has 
 been styled his |)olitieal last will ami 
 
 •JHK ( H.XTKAU FliO.M THE lilVKIt HANK 
 
 wish to disturb what the people had 
 accepted. 
 
 Curiously enough, one of the leadei's 
 in the reconstructed parliament was 
 (ieorge Etieiine ('artier, afterwards Sir 
 (Jeorge Cartier, whose monument is 
 the only one yet erected on the Ottawa 
 Parliament grounds, ('artier had been 
 ii "rebel," and had borne arms at St. 
 Denis, and Papineau, in his later c(m- 
 troversiea with liis old lieutenant, u.sed 
 
 testament. He vigorously condemned 
 the sclu iiie for the confederation of 
 the Briti.sh North American Cokmies, 
 wliich had just been carried into effect : 
 pointing cait that it M-as in .some re- 
 spects a backward step, inasmuch as 
 the rpper Ffouse would be composed 
 of life memliers apjiointed by the 
 Crown— an abuse against whicli he 
 had battled for so many years. Many 
 the ditfieulti 
 
 le (tiftieuities w Inch he 
 
 pre 
 
 to say that the Crown evidently dieted would be experienced in tl 
 
 JJ 
 
248 
 
 THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE. 
 
 working of the m-w system of govern- 
 ment luive now to lie grappleil with 
 hy Canmhan statesmen, but in his fare- 
 well address, Fapineau exhorted his 
 countrymen to cling to tliose principles 
 of justice and ecpiality by which alone 
 popular liberties can be preserved, and 
 to endeavoi- to build up a nation based 
 upon true democracy. 
 
 All through his speeches and writ- 
 ings there breathes that spii-it of dis- 
 intei'estedness and devotion to the 
 welfare of his countrymen, which were 
 his prime chai'acteristics. He was 
 loyal to his friends, hospitable, and 
 generous to a fault. In the course of 
 a warm discussion in the assembly in 
 I8:J4, he made a remarkable prophecy. 
 He said, " ^ly honorable friend boasts 
 of his attachment to monarchy, and 
 thinks that it can be perpetuated on 
 this ccmtinent. 1 will ventm-t; to sa^' 
 to him that instead of Europe giving 
 kings and kingdoms to America the 
 day is not far distant when America 
 will give presidents and republics to 
 Europe." He was a warm a<lmirer of 
 the constitution of the United States 
 and the Fathers of the Kepublic, as is 
 evidenced by the fact that at his 
 death, " The Life of Washington " and 
 " The Life of "Jefferson " wi-re among 
 the books on the table near liis bed- 
 side. Papineau retaine<l all his facul- 
 ties up to the end and nevei- re(iuired 
 glasses to aid his eyesight. His clos- 
 ing hours hav* been described by 
 Thomas Storrow Brown, the "( Jeneral" 
 of the insm-rection army, in a brochure 
 published in 187-2. Papineau, trusting 
 too nu.^ii to his physical strength, went 
 out in his dressing-gown and slippers 
 on a cold day in Septendier, 1871, to 
 give instructions to some laborers who 
 
 were at work in his beautiful thousantl- 
 acre park, in which he took so much 
 pride. He caught cold. Cliills fol- 
 lowed. Soon, congestion of the lungs 
 set in, and the aged patriot fo\md it 
 difficult to breatlie. For five days and 
 nights, unable to recline in bed, he sat 
 up on chairs, seldom sleeping, but 
 showing his giant spirit in cheerful 
 resignation. His mind was clear as 
 ever, his coiu-age and self-possession 
 complete, while he discussed his ajv 
 proaching end with his family and 
 sori'owing friends. He explained the 
 provisions of his will, drawn by his 
 own hand, and counselled his children 
 with lessons of charity, patience and 
 good will in all relations of life. In 
 taking his medicine, he would say : — 
 " All this 1 must do to please the doc- 
 tor, but he knows as well as I do that 
 it is useless." When his chair was 
 drawn to the window overlooking gar- 
 den and river he remarked sadly : 
 " Never again shall I see my garden 
 and flowers." At last his mind seem- 
 ed to wander, and he was heard to 
 say, " What a stupid thing for me to 
 be sick here while such tremendous 
 events are occurring, and the affiiirsof 
 England and Finance are so entangled."' 
 On the evening of the 23rd of Septem- 
 ber, at half-past eight, he called his 
 physician, and taking his hand said : 
 " Everything that science and the 
 kindest care could do for me has been 
 done, but to no use. Adieu, my dear 
 doctor." Half an hour later his spirit 
 passed jiainlessly away. 
 
 'I'hus died Papineau, who some Can- 
 adians describe as a "rebel," but whom 
 the majority revere as a patriot. His- 
 tory will proclaim hin\ a frii'nd of his 
 race, and a great man. 
 
 867Ml' 
 4 
 
fill thousaiul- 
 ook so ninch 
 Chills fol- 
 i of the luiijjs 
 i-iot t'oimd it 
 five days and 
 11 hed, he sat 
 sleeping, but 
 ; in cheerful 
 was clear as 
 elf-jjossession 
 Lissed his ai> 
 i family and 
 explained the 
 rawn by his 
 I his children 
 patience and 
 IS of life. In 
 vould say ; — - 
 lease the doc- 
 1 as I do that 
 lis chair was 
 >rlooking j;'ar- 
 arked sadly : 
 e my garden 
 is mind seeiii- 
 was heard to 
 lino' for me to 
 I tremendous 
 I the affairs of 
 so entangled." 
 rd of Septeni- 
 he called his 
 lis liand said : 
 mce and the 
 ir me has been 
 ilieu, my dear 
 later his spirit 
 
 iho some Can- 
 
 tel," but whom 
 
 patriot. His- 
 
 i friend of his