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NOTES Ox\ THE SAGUExXAl' 
 
 T 
 
 FOP. 
 
 rn 
 
 imo 
 
 ■'^ -r- -jtr-- 
 
 r\ 
 
 LMJ 
 
 \ 
 
 i\ 
 
 8T 
 
 SAMUEL J. KELSO. 
 
 For^nvrly Ag*,it, at O'neoiUlm; for the Scotti$h Amicable L'/i A»iu/-af^.<i9 Stoietn. 
 
 9 1 TJ I I «. 
 
 P»I^ICEa S^ C33ISJ"TS 
 
 * »■ mm ■» 
 
 QUEBEC : 
 
 SBINIJD At IHB OFnOa 03 VSa " JIOB.N'I.VO CHBOJflCLB/" fOOI OF MOCNIAW Wi-fc 
 
 1833. 
 
 ■; I 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PnKFAOE. 
 
 NoTfi I. — Exti'iict^ from I"). E. Pries'.^ letter oo tho Sagueaay, i:c.,&o 
 
 NoTK 2.— Ghicouliini to Quebec in Wiater. 
 
 NoTR 3.—" Sailing dowii ilt? bauka ol' de Ohio. " 
 
 NoTB 4. — Hotels. 
 
 Note 5.— Scenery in Canada. 
 
 Note G.— Taking possession. 
 
 -NToTE 7.— The Hon. Hudsou'^i Hay Corapauy. 
 
 NoxB 8, — An Indian Duel. 
 
 Note 9.— An Incident in tlie life ot'McLeod 
 
 NoTK 10. — Chiooutimi. 
 
 Note 11. — Presentation of Indian Chiefs to the Earl of Elgin. 
 
 Note 12. — Saguenay Farms, <S:c. 
 
 Note 13.— Education, 
 
 Advertisbmevts. 
 
rRETACE. 
 
 The fuUowius: iJagva an: presented to the Public in a comparatively ruda 
 and unllni.shoit stuto. TJiey contain merely the genn of a fictitious narra- 
 tive now la the coursa of jireparation, to be entitled ^^ Milatipcnuish, or iht 
 ftitin^ of the Morniiii: Slar," and, which, it in hoped will be found moro 
 acceptable to the f^eneral reader than the present tract can pretend to bi". 
 
 Every circurastanco related in these "Notes"' is strictly true, and tho au- 
 thor hopes that this single merit will hide a multitude of deliciencies. 
 
 Parties for tlio fn\st time sailing up the Uiver Saguenay and surveying- 
 v.-ith emotions of wonder its sleep, rocky shores are apt to imagine tha 
 they are beholding a country quite unfit for civilized beinga to dwell in. 
 We hope to eulighten the TouriBt on this subject and to amuse him as well 
 as to open the eyed of the Canadian jjcople to the state of affairs in ih'ia 
 lremou» part of tlio country. 
 
 "Uifiji Scuooi,, Juno ISG'i. 
 
NOTE No. I. 
 
 rude 
 larra- 
 >r iftt 
 nioro 
 bi". 
 
 aii- 
 
 ?yiug 
 tha. 
 
 1 in. 
 well 
 
 this 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM D. E. PRICE'S LETTER ON THE 
 
 SAGUENAi, &c., &c. 
 
 ■• " ^■■.. ' . -«.»■-_ --,. •■ y> 
 
 Bitrftct from " Keijlies to questioiid subiiiittod lu Mr. li.ii. i'ricc H.W l\ 
 " of Chicoutimi and Sagucnay by order of the Select CommitttM;, npix.inted 
 " by the Legislative Assembly of Canndn " on Emiynjliou.'' 
 
 " QilifiKO, Gill April, ItiGU. 
 
 "1 resident Clilcoutimi, on thti rivtT .Sa^^ueniiy, and hiive boon intimateiy 
 " acquainted with that territory for the lust twcuty-two years- and havA 
 «' resided there for U years. There is no bad soil, and where mountains or 
 "barren rocks do not prevail, the soil u of tlii.' \L'ry best: consisting of 
 •' strong and light clay, heavy and light yuilow loam, black soil or decayed 
 «' vegetable matter, with a clay or loam subsoil. The climate 1 consider 
 " rather similar to (if any difference more favorable than) Quebec .;'■ hough 
 *'' we have the two extremes of heat and cold for a week or so dniir: ^^ .^sum- 
 " mer and winter, owing to its northen position, liut the Saguenay being a 
 " valley between very high mountains, it is sheltered from the Spring bl ast 
 " of raw winds from Ihc north, north-west, north-east and east, so that our 
 ** Spring vegetation is almost equal to the Eastern Townships, and far in 
 " advance of Quebec and the borders of the St. Lav.renoe, in May and Juno 
 " when those raw winds prevail. 
 
 " Pine e.xistf? in certain quantities, but the clime is rather to the north for 
 " any quantity, the greater part of what there wa3, has been already con- 
 " sumed or destroyed by fire ; but there is still, 1 hope, a certain quantity to 
 " keep the trade at present in e.xistencc there for the next two years ; but it 
 ' h not the large girth, and fine long Pine, we find more to the west and 
 
fi 
 
 N'oi i,s ON Tin: sa(;i'knay. 
 
 " outh i)f ibc I'roviticc. Almost any kiiitl of Spring-sown j,'min will grow 
 •' Willi us to juTfoctioii. Our t>oll, iia wi-ll us our dimute, isi parlicularlv 
 " lulftptoil to till' nilliirc ot'lMii.-t mid ilt'tnp. Tli'ir if uu am}jti -iupplji uf 
 ' hilidrris in llir fihiri<. Ti'iuponiry (■iniiloynii.'nt coulii nut be obtiiiiicil lot' 
 •' Kiiiif^Tiuits niii.'s-; I'lilly roiiiiictcnt lo uork us liiniliorors, ///c *«</'/)/'/ o/' «''uV/i 
 '■ iilfcdilij in lilt Ivrrilorij is sii[/irii III. I think with jii'licioii.s euro to coloiii* 
 " ziitioii wo (Mil i^otllc tlic mipcT ]i(iilioii i;l' ihi' Itnlluiy, witli tlic iiulivt> 
 '' poimlulioii oi'Lo\scr (/iiniidu, to wiioiii it is more suited, anil i-oml ibis tide 
 '' ol'lcnd^;!! ciuitjrulioii, if jios^iblt', to the Kustirn Townships. 
 
 "(Signed) 
 
 '•DAViD K, riJlCK." 
 
 During t!n> liilc sossioii of Pfirliitincnt, a siiccial ('oiiiinittor. composed 
 of 19 iiioubors uf tlie House wa:4 iijiiJointod (David H. I'lici' being of the 
 iv!,jd>er) to tiiUo, into considoraliou tho Coloni/.atio-i of ilie wild lands in 
 i/uwer Caiiadft. Their Report is ihitod fitli June, l>'(i2, and nmonc: other 
 very good tilings jlhoy rocommeud that ''The eolonlsl after paying the 
 '' first instalment on his land have the sole right to the timber on thai laud ;'' 
 and also : "Tb.it the sale of bloeks of Crown Land.' to individuals or to 
 " eompaiucs should not take plaee because it is prejiidieinl to Coloniza- 
 tion." 
 
 As far as the Sagnenny is eoncemed, even if tlir Government put 
 these excellent veeommendationa into execution they are turning the key 
 in the lock of the empty stable. Mr, Price felicitates himself particularly 
 on the Sth recommendation : " That the Government take into considerc- 
 '' tion the propriety of terminating as soon as possible the Kencgomi Road 
 " in the county of Chieoutimi from Portages dcs Kcehes to tho head of 
 Lake St, John'' There iiro various other things regarding Chieoutimi and 
 Lake St. John, the propriety of which, the Government ■will probably take 
 into consideration at the same time. 
 
 NOTE \ 
 
 <). 2.- 
 
 •CHICOUTIMI TO QUEBEr IN 
 WINTER. 
 
 Extracts r.-om ^ivt/ior'f Journal. 
 
 ■' Chieoutimi, Feb., Monday, 10 a. m. —Cold— snow falling— Snow Storm 
 " threatening.— Hire a carter to take me through to Grand Bay, (12 miles) 
 " where I expect to overtake tho mail Courier who is to leave in the after- 
 '" noon for Baie St. Paul."' 
 
Motes on the saguenay. 
 
 " 12 N00N.—l?Ciich Ilii! Hilt fiuii' Hotel, (Mr. I-ord'o.) Jual lUuslio-J 
 
 " dinner ns Desir6 Vot6, mail contractor, drivca up for tiuv Am ilclightcii 
 
 " to find that ha u going tlirough himself and Ihut he lias his horse Dob. 
 
 " What a rouph looking turnout? Vcrv suK<."^.^livf of ilic nuturtf of tlm 
 
 '* roada wo will have to Irarcl over! A I'lu, roi)i,^li, unpainted box, about 
 
 " six feet long, three feet broivl, and eiglUfm iiu'hi'.s doep, '^et on lo.v 
 
 " rakish lookinijf runners, i^ ourslilgli. The (( rwiird partis packed wiih 
 
 •' hay. At the baek is a narrow hf.ird covered with a pioi-e of oxhide skin 
 
 •' for a seat. Hut thea we have a capital liore iu llic shafM. Mobisnot 
 
 " very showy, but is the right Htnlf, not an (nmcc of spar« l>,t, '.'W bid body, he 
 
 " holds bis thin wirey neck erect, ;.iul hi.^ small well sliaped oai.; are inci s. 
 
 " santly moving and turnlnj; with electric staiLs, and then when lie trotiJ ho 
 
 " strikes the .snow so lightly that we think ho scarcely tonchcs it. Al- 
 •' though 17 years old it would Ix; dilficull to Jlnd a superior hor.se for ii 
 
 " Voyageur than he. And if Hob U u good horse. De-iirij Ia a good man. 
 
 " Persevering, courageous and good natured, with tiie constitutivn o."" a horse, 
 
 '* no one needs fear to trust himself to Desir<5 Cot(5."' 
 
 " 2.30 p. M. — Meet and pass Mr. Price bound from (J rand Hay to CLIcoii- 
 
 " timi. Notwithstanding the scve.'ily of the weather and tin- prospect of « 
 
 " rough passage to Quebec feel ray blood circulate more tVeclv cud my 
 
 *' spirits expand to think that my back is towards Chicoutimi. 
 
 " 3 P. M.— Stop for a few minutes at Grand l!ay to take in the Mail IJag.s. 
 
 " Take afresh departure, and, in the face of a blinding snow storm we turn 
 
 " away into the Baio St. Paul Road." 
 
 " 11 P.M.— Reach the first camp — a ^mall log hut, almost buried to the 
 
 " roof in a snow drift. (Ud Dob \s brought in and tied up on one si<le of 
 
 " the stove while wc sit down, at the otlior, io a hearty stippor of bread, 
 
 *' pork and lea, washing the wlude down witii a thimble full of gin .\fter 
 
 " a short smoke and some speculations on the prospects for to-nionow, wo 
 
 " spread our Buffalo robe on the Hoor and lie down for the night. ' 
 
 *' Tuesday, 8 a. m. — Get up— wash, — take brr itfas! — a repetition of ye.^- 
 
 " terday's supper. Find that although the snov.- has cea.sed to fall there ii> 
 
 ••' nearly a couple of feet of fresh snow on the ground — howevci', as Dcsirr. 
 
 " says that we will have worse weather soon, wo prepare to start, Iioping 
 
 " that thus we will be able to reach the next c.'uap before the coming stonn 
 
 " overtakes us." 
 
 " 9 A. M. — After a good deal of laljor, pluugi::;,^ through a drift of Siiow, 
 
 ' we have again succeeded in taking the road, and proceed at a slow deli- 
 
 '• berate walk. Bob often up to the «addle girth in snow." 
 
 '■ 12, NOON. — Meet four or five IJaic St. Paul J'oiia'j^cur^, wlio are forcing 
 
 " their horses that they may reach Grand Bay before the storm bursts forth. 
 
 " The Canadians well understand the signs of the weather, f could see mo 
 
 " signs whatever of an extraordinary storm. We now advance with more 
 
 " ca^e, the snow being a good deal turrowedby the Bale St, Paul travellers. 
 
 '« We are now in the middle of the bush. Tlio wind is bowling and tear- 
 
R VOTES ON THE SAGTENAY. 
 
 " ing round iQ gujts— Uic diirtia^ t,xni\v m like i);\Q<i-«n)orv lik« mgo ibMi 
 
 •' like mow." 
 
 "1, I', M. — We Jiuve rciicljffti Lake iJa I llii' The storm id uow rHging, 
 '• ainl 113 >vo isaue iVom tlix woo'ls find tftko tlio ice ve feci iti fury. Hob's 
 " Jc'iig muiio liU'l tail nio blown out at. iIkIU nugloa lo hi.-; botly, uud ho 
 " biTdkii iiuo a gallui). The small, liunl llukcs ol'Unow arc lining iu > loud'.* ' 
 " parallel to the surfitcc uf t!.o lake and riglit on our bcnni, to use a uautical 
 " I'xprcssion. The sceno is iiii'tiirciiine and frightful iu tlic I'xlrcnn*, Had 
 " our horsC .'liiinblcd or auylhiiig hapi oned lo check our turccr across the 
 " hike \ve would have iuiUUibiy iifrhslicd. In a few luimiu-.s we havt! crossed 
 '' the lake, and wliirliii;,' round a corner come ou a small log cauip. We 
 •' £top hero fov half an hour, havt- u liule rcfitshmcnt and boldly face the 
 '• Btorm again. 1 do nol laiow any other two nun who would have left this 
 "camp in llio circunj?l;incc' ; and wu were very near Inning- to pay for 
 " our hardihood with our lives. Dcsiro was deterulued to go ahead, and I 
 "pi!'! nothing to dissuade him from doin;^' i-o. \Vp proceed now leisurely 
 • .ijruiigh the bush— for the niosti)arl a siieeeridiou of ascents — Dcsir«5 walk- 
 " ;;:g b(diind. Altliough wo arc quile aware that the storm continues to 
 '' rage by the tremendous noiae of its bellowing in the woods, sheltered by 
 " the trcc3< wc do not sutler much on account of it." 
 
 " 5, !', M. — It is now dark and we are slowly emerging from the wooda. 
 
 " The storm is appalling. Poor Dob is greatly fatigued, and Desire is silent 
 
 " and thoughtful — a surt- ^ign that he apprehends danger, siill we are alowly 
 
 " progressing. Our safely appears to depend entirely on Bob's capacity to 
 
 " stand it out. Suddenly we see, stretching out before us an immense snow- 
 
 '• drift, and wo feel that our poor jaded horse cannot possibly take us through. 
 
 " However, Desiri turns his head to the drift, and urges him on. Bob 
 
 " dashes forward, and is instr.ntly buried in the drift — we see only his head, 
 
 " as groaning in despair ho turns it from side to side. It ij now quite dark — 
 
 " the siorm is at its height— what are we to do? To describe the toil and 
 
 " terrors of the two hours that followed would bo tedious: I say terrors, 
 
 " not that either Desire or myself showed any cigiis of personal fear. What- 
 
 " ever doubts we might have li.vl as to how the adventure was to end we 
 
 '* kept to ourselvi.3. The I;r:t thing we did was to unhurness Bob and try 
 
 *' to force him backwards .and forwards through the drift, with the intention 
 
 •' of breaking it up. but our labor was fruitiest'. After infmite labor Desiri 
 
 " got his horse safely to the other side of the drift, probably a distance of 40 
 
 "yards, but once across he could not be induced to return. Desire shouted, 
 
 " coaxed and whipped in vain. We, therefore, had to break the road our- 
 
 '* iclves, which at last we succeeded iu doing, to a partial extent. We then 
 
 " discharged our sleigh. Desire, taking the shafts, I pnshod behind, and 
 
 " after a great amount of exertion Ave got it through the drift. DesirjJ now 
 
 *= harnessed Bob in the sleigh, while I made two or three trips back for 
 
 '• the mail-bags, provisions, ic, etc. In duo course of time we started 
 
 •' afresl;, am! a couple of hours afterwards reached the camp m safety. De- 
 
KOTI.S ON THE SAC I' KN AY 9 
 
 " lir^ liftil worlifil io luinl tii.it when Ijo r<'iu'ht'(l the ciinip )ic M-a=i balhol 
 '■ ill perJijinitioii, niid I win wurrii omjnuh also. I'oor Hob waa cncti-icl in 
 " ico— lUo snow iiad iVozoii on Lii budy— wc laid, tbt'ntbre, to cut him out 
 " ol' the .sleigh, mid briiix him iniu the tump to thaw bodlde tlio stove before 
 " we could tiil\« oil' lii-i luivii(?MM, Al'icr tlli^ liPivtin;;' op'Jtulimi, he oxhibiti'd 
 " 110 si^uH ul' htiviuj;' iaidc!r;.;oaeaiiy cvtmordinury fiiti^ju'.', but took his oatg 
 " with evident salislaction.'' 
 
 At the rink of e.vcilinj^ n sncur m- i wo iVoin h certaiii cIm.sh of luy readers, 
 for whicli, to . "peak the truth, i care very little indeed, I euiinot aUow inystdf 
 to rneount this liiiU- incident wiiliont e\piov4itij; my .-olomn citnviction 
 that wc owed our lives, on tlii.s occa.'-ioii, to the protecting gooilness ai' 
 Almighty (Jod, Many a inati perished in tli- oumo storm, ami we were in 
 imminent jieril. Had wt; not sncceeJcil in yetlinr^ our hor^e and nlcigh 
 thronj^h the dril'l. \vi! would liavo been oblijjod to atUnipt to reach canip in 
 foot, li i^ljast pos.?ild(! that Dcjire, a Jr.un of au iron eoiLstilution, mitrlit 
 have tlm.-^ saved hi.-) life. A^ lam-* I wu.s roneerncd, it v.'aa quite impo.v>ihh'i 
 and I would consider myself ;iuiliy ot' cowardly inyratitud'- if I weri' 
 ashamed to thus puldicly iicknowled,u,(! my oi)li^'ation-( to (Jod, wlio saved 
 ray life then, as in his great poodnes-'S He lias done before on other occnsionM. 
 To those who may roUHider these renuu'k.s e^'otistieal, ! have lo .say that I 
 very much regret that they BJiould look on them in tliatliyht: but, to those 
 who arc of opinion that God docs not interfere to protect his creatures when 
 danger threaten-?, or who may be disposeil to pronoinici' me a fool becau.-.ei 
 I think dilferently, I have no remark to make further than that they arc wel- 
 come to entertain and enjoy either opinion, at least, so far as 1 am personally 
 concerned. 
 
 S. J. K. 
 
 " Wednesday, 10 a. m. — We an; on the road again, and proccceding slowly 
 " but steadily, nothing the worse of last night's adventure, Wc are contin- 
 '■ ually meeting proofs of the severity of yetu rilay^ siorm. Hundreds of 
 " large trees lying about in every direction, bear witness to the fury of the 
 "blast. Travelling all day. but .-^dowly, on account of the dfpth of .'^now 
 " on the road.J. avo reached UvAa St I'aiil laif at night— hear that then,' Im* 
 " been great destruction of property by liic .slo;ra.' 
 
 " Baie St. Paul. Thursday. 8 a. M.-~]iid adieu to l)e.sir«'' C<Av — ])roniiae to 
 " send him a tobacco pipe in iinunoruivi. Hire anolhci' carter (.^Ioise Cot^), 
 '' and off again." 
 
 " VI .Voon.— -Take dinner at tlie inn at the ' Jjnnier' orl5.iie St. J'aul Road 
 "Toll-gate — continue on the road until G i'. .M., when we come to a halt for 
 " tlie night. Shortly after supper a couple of sleigii? with a party of Baie 
 '• St. Paul ladies arrive from Quebec. They mport great damage done by 
 •' the storm, and that the road is in a desperate .siitc, between snow drifts 
 " and fallen tree,^ ; sleep soundly, all this notwithstanding.'' 
 
fC 
 
 10 
 
 NOTES ON THE SAGUEN.VY. 
 
 " Friday, 8 a. m.— On the road again ; bud weather, but promisca to clear 
 up. 1 p. M. — Halt for dinner — not to stop again until we reach Quebec. 
 4 30 I', M.— Quebec— carter discharged — my voyage of 1180 miles com- 
 pleted. Expenses about $20. Feci a little weather-beaten. Find Quebec 
 turned upside down, the Rood follis doing all they can to amuse them- 
 selvci?. They appear to luive a holy horror of Lent, and wish to make tho 
 most of the few days intervening before its commencement. How true it 
 is th. t one half oC the ills of life an; of our own creation. With this sage 
 reliection I relin' for thv^ "ight. and the probability is Avill sleep v ry 
 soundly." 
 
 NOTE No. 3- 
 
 -" SAILING DOWN DE BANKS OB 
 DE OHIO." 
 
 It would bo quite superlluous to attempt to describe and give the names 
 of the various points of interest which will strike the Tourists' attention 
 on his way down the St, Lawrence and up the Saguen.ay Rivers. The Fails 
 of Montmorenci— the picturesquely situated and pretty villages — the 
 remarkable mountains, the ligjithousos — and, in fact, all the points of pecu- 
 liar interest will bo pointed out by the very courteous Captain Howard, of 
 the steamer Magnet, or the traveller may refer to his Guidc-Book. Wc 
 tliereforo dismiss this subject with a single caution : Be on deck ichen cnter- 
 im; the River Sa^uemuj. The view is maguilicent and must not be lost, 
 and, being on deck, continue tiiere for a few moments, and you will have an 
 opportunity of seeing the celebrated I'iver Sle. ."^larguerite. On tins river 
 H.iJ. II., the i'rinceofVs'^ales fished — wc regret to add, unsuccessfully; and, 
 on this river he was saved from the ivnminent peril of finding a watery 
 — pair of inexpressibles, by tlio daring and eourageous act of D. E. Price, 
 Esq, Mr. Price rushed to the rescue. Ilio R. II. with a grace peculiarly his 
 own, threw his leg across Mr. Price's shoulder, and reached dry land amidst 
 the enthusiastic cheers and suppressed laughter of the agonii^ed crowd. It 
 is said that there will be a nionum'Mit erected on th ' spot, by parties con- 
 cerned, but we attribute this report to idle rumour. It certainly was fully 
 anticipated that D. E. Price would have been knighted for this loyal act. 
 .Some say that IL R. II. had not, at that time, recived his knighting instru- 
 ment from Her Maje.sty, while others iitiirm that Mr. Price refused the offer. 
 Some future Macaulay will perhaps be able to shed some light on this 
 subject, which is, at present, enshrouded in obscurity, 
 
NOTES OX THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 il 
 
 EXTflAOTKU KUOM THK "' .MO.NTUEAL GAZlin'K,'' JL'LV 15X11, 18tiO. 
 
 Tuesday morning is fresli iiud tine. Tbore are a lew cirrus clouds which 
 give promise of occasional sliiuk, and pcliaps a shower, but not heavy 
 rain. From many tires iu the woods there is a yood deal oT smoke in the 
 air. The Mu^iivt herself lias steam up, nnd she is admirably adapted for 
 the work slie has to do. Built of iron, and tliat strongly, she is further 
 divided into compartments, and has a powerful on;^ine. Tliis seems to ren- 
 der the life-boats, (fcc, with whioli she is provideil ipiite au unnecessary, 
 but .still a;i always comfoiaabic \)recaution. The good-natured countenance 
 of Capt. Howard, so well known to all Montreal travellers, is assurance 
 that nothing Avill he. wanting on the part of the master of the boat to make 
 the trip in every way agreeable. Tlie same may be said of the officers under 
 Mm. They arc all zealous in their work. 
 
 We start at 8 a. m. : and as we turn round Ihu point, wc lake a parting 
 look, iu tlie bundle phrase, at the frov/uiug batllementsand glistening tinned 
 roofs on the heights of Quebec, which with tlie great harbour and its ship- 
 ping and the surrounding lands('a]!C and distant mountains, are really ii 
 beautiful and magnificMit picture, to wliich there are few rivals in the world ; 
 .9,nd if one has seen it before, one is glad to sec it yet again. We go down 
 with the ebbing tide, and pass quickly the large Isle of Orleans, inspecting 
 as closely as we can, with tlie nak(d eye and withopora glasses, particular 
 objects connected with tlie farms and villages upon it. The trees and grass 
 both look very freshly green — remarkably so, considering the long dry 
 weather; and the long, almost eternal, street of white houses, and barn.s 
 and villages, and churches, on l)oth shores of the river for miles counted by 
 the hundred, gives palpable proof how iirmly and tenaciously the French 
 Canadians have taken root and flourished and increased in this northern 
 country, stern and hard in many of its features and mountain scenery, 
 severely cold in winter, but yet possessing a soil wliich yields ample return 
 to the not too great nor yet scientific labors of the husbandman. Up to 
 very tops of mountains one sees the habitations oi these hardy and simple 
 children of the soil , on the heights of Lea Ebonlci?.c;'ts one sees even a vil- 
 lage with its spired church. (]ool and pleasant and airy it must be to live 
 on those mountains in the summer time — the altitude affecting the tempera- 
 lure to the extent, of I don't know liow many degrees, of north latitude, 
 apart from the question of shelterless exitosurc ; but in tlie short days, or— 
 
 " fn tin.' long nights of wintcv 
 When tlio cold north ^viiuls blow," 
 
 one would not stand still very long, 1 guess, to admire the beauiy of the 
 daylight or starlight scenery. A Montreal gentleman and his family left 
 the Magnd at the splendid Chabot wliarf here, to spend their summer 
 among these mountains, carrying with them their furniture, " traps'' &c., to 
 keep house ; and they will assuredly have a romantic summer home. 
 
 Before we reached Les BboulemcntSj and after leaving the Island of Or- 
 
1 i^ 
 
 NOTKS ON TllK SAGUENAY. 
 
 leans, wo s:dl closo imder the high hiudd of tho northern shore. Cap* 
 'f ourment, umoiig these, is iiu object of i)ai'ticnlar attraction. The faces of 
 all these higli lands are mostly steep and rocky down to tho vrater's edge ; 
 they look hard nnd inliospituble, but yet are covered ■with a growth ol 
 fitiinted trees. Si. Paul's Bay and the Islo aiix Oondres giveus pictures of 
 great beauty, the leading ieaturcy of whicli ai'e mountaius and cultivation, 
 with a beautiful expnuse of www:: botweoii. A \vel!-inforiued gentleman 
 on board told nie that at Isle au>: Coudrcs French Canadians of the most 
 j)erfect typo are to be found ; lliat these, more than thoso,liviag elsewhere, 
 have been isolated and b3,ve less felt the influence of the Jiritish occupation. 
 My informant said they slill retiiin tho manners and customs they brought 
 with tliem from Xormandy, and that tiie old salutation with the kiss on both 
 cheeks is not uneomracu. Certainly they lux\ e a very beautiful island of 
 their own to live on. 
 
 Wo reached Murray Hay, 1 ihiuk at about ilu-ec o'eluok ia the afternoon ; 
 and I'.ere a considoraljle nuinl)Ov of our pa!-:seugers go on shore, and we 
 regret to lose them. Tt is parting v/ith so much agreeable company ; ranch 
 of it composed of familiar faces ; all cf it very pleasant. When people 
 arc out taking a summer tour of this kind they ha^.e nothing else to do bul 
 to make themselves agreeable, and each to nuvke his neighbor hapi)y in as 
 faras )ios?:i'ole. Not lo do so^•;ollld be piggish ; and our party happened 
 to be nothing of tiu- kind. Tiievc is here, too, another of Mr. Chabot'.s 
 splendid wharves— very iisofii!, if expansive, for such occasions as this. A 
 great mnny articles of divers kinds are unloaded here. Murray Bay is now 
 a fashionable watering place ; according to Capt. Howard, the most fashion- 
 able on the river, ft has the advantage of grandly beautiful scenery, and 
 a fine beach for bathing. Althougli some forty-live or fifty miles higher up 
 than Cakouua ; the water is Salter bul, I uuderstand, it is colder; and this, 
 Ilearn, is the case all .along the nortii tihore. Whyliie water should be 
 colder on tho north shore tiian t!ic soutli i c.i.n!i(»t tell. Local influences 
 may account for tho difTcrence at V; array IJay. 
 
 Leaving Murray iiay we stretch out on a grand expanse of water. The 
 Sf. Lawrence here begins to assume the proportions of a river giant, being 
 from tifteeu to twenty miles broad, witli a raago of mountains for the north 
 shore, and a more level and more cultivated country for the soutli. 
 
 Pleasantly steaming on for some thre;' (u- four ho'irs, making the umst of 
 the sea air and the sunslunc. we arrive at Idvler • d\i LoupbetAvecn six and 
 seven o'clock, just as the "ctting sun lias tinged the village and tlie sur- 
 rounding country with golden hu'.s. Tiie wharf is now tilled with a long 
 line of caleches, not one titiie of which could obtain employment from tho 
 passengers of the steamer. ]>ut then' wiis uu jostling, no crowding, no 
 shouting, no forcing of services on persons who did not want tiiem. All 
 was quiet and order. I walked along tlie line of vehicles free from the 
 sligiitcst importunity. At last 1 ;:.sked one of the drivers what he would 
 charge me, cl dpux /f(/)/if?, around tlie Village iind environs—a good long 
 
NOTES UN THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 13 
 
 drive. " Un ecu," replied tlio uiau. 1 was uslouIdbuJ at his reusonableaesa. 
 I expected :i far more cxofbitaul dcmuri'l, iiml probably astonished him by 
 suddenly saying'' C'esl bon ; jirol." IIo oiilrcd to lake us to Kakouna fur 
 a dollar. At River <Iu Louji, wiiiU' the steamer was waiting, I took my 
 first dip in salt water on the beach, ll avus rather cool, but refreshing. 
 
 We cross over to TadousaK during the niglit, iuul a number cross Avith ns, 
 taking their fi.shiug taekle with them, to get oil" at L'Ause a 1/cau to kill 
 Balmon trout. 1 learn ihey have, mostly all excellent success. An amateur 
 from Quebec v.-ho crossed with u-s Jn the raorniug, told me, when wo 
 called again in the evening, he had killt'd eleven at nno tide during the day, 
 the least of which weighed a pound and a half each. This Wf.s very good; 
 but the fxjjc/is do more eliicient execution, and kill much larger iish, Of 
 all modes of fishing, 1 cannot imagine any more Jiealth-giving and exciting 
 than this. You sit on the rocks and cast your Hy on the surface of the dark 
 waters of the Saguenay as tbe tide rolls up, so, besides fishing, you have the 
 advantages of scenery, sun and air. I regretted that my time and duties 
 would not allow me to linger. A big salmon trout which lias jumped at 
 tho fly is^'ery lively and strong, and does not, believH in being pulled out uf 
 the water. He will take plenty of line before lie allows iiiniself to be so. 
 IJy nextsca.son, as 1 purpose sluirtly to tell, there vt-ili b' good huiel accom- 
 modation at Tadousac foi- visitors. (lVoc JllverlUcmcnl.) 
 
 With the early morning v>e ;uil ii)> ijje tfaguenay. The wind blows fi;.?li- 
 ly and coltlly down, and i! make^ you pur. on v,-;uin clothing. Vuu cannot 
 face it with a tliiu dress with impuaily. iSut it is nunc of your damp, chill- 
 ing influences, k is a bracing mouutaiu biei/,e, although you are led to 
 fancy it must have had birth soniewhere in the neigliborhood of the north 
 pole ; and as it gullies down between ih.e jirecipilous sides of the river, you 
 get the advantage of it.. Lf. i:? a ilrange cuulvust tu the heal of the city. 
 But one wishes ir did nol blow quite so hard, and v.'as not quite so cold. As, 
 however, the sun gains heigiit, it, gains the ma.stery, and wo are very much 
 obliged to it for it.s genial warmlli , Tiio Haguenay itself strikes the be- 
 holder in different ways, just as the Falls of Xiagara do, and descriptions 
 of the former are coming to be like thiscriplions ol' tho latter, e.vceedingly 
 ditficult to do well, exceedingly trite if not doi.'O well, i therefore purpose 
 to be brief, as 1 hav.; proved mj'scU" i)efore on this iuibjeei, and conlinc my- 
 self to asketcji of general features, leaving kj tiic iuuigiuation of thos*^ 
 reader.? wlio have not been tip the Sagoenay to .-"iup]dy the lilliiig in. From 
 the mouth to Ha! Ha ! Bay, the dii'.tauco is sixty miles. The average width 
 Aboi:t one mile. It i.-^ two and a. Iiiilf miles in .some place] ; in oihei'S m^t 
 more than half a mile. Doth .^ide arc precipitous rocks, rising tVom .300 to 
 ), 500 feet high from tho waters'^ edge, fur the distances I have just meu- 
 lioned. Both sides are thickly eovered witli stunted trees of different kinds, 
 which find their nourishment in tue creviees of the rocks. These consist of 
 sieniiic granite and gneiss. Capes Trinity and Kternity are tho highest or 
 tbe whole. They rise steep walls J,r>oo feet from tho waiers's edge. Th* 
 
14 
 
 NOTES ON THESAGUKNAY. 
 
 water at their base is also immensely deep, bein<c nearly ino fathoms. The 
 water, though very clear, is black looking. Salmon -trout go freely up it, 
 notwithstamling the presence of the lar^a> saw-inill-i at Chicoutimi, where 
 they have existed these many years. At tlie moulh or debouchure into the 
 St. Lawrence the depth I3 from liO to 30 fathoms, but on I'utering it suddenly 
 deepens to 100, 108, UT, 135, 142 fathoms, and so on, with jv mud bottom 
 up to Ha ! Ha '. Bay, which is also very deep, being 'J5 fatlioins in some places ; 
 but there is anchoragn at the sides, an advantage to tlie navigator which the 
 river nowhere else atlbvds. The name of the bay is said to arise from this 
 circumstance : the early navigators in sailing vessels, proceeding np a river 
 of this kind for (JO miles, v/lth eternal sameness of feature, stern and liigh 
 rocks on wliich they could not land, and no bottom for their anchdirs, at 
 last broke out into laughing ha! ha! when they found landing and anclior- 
 ao-e. This nnirpic river is one huge mountain, ript asunder, I think there 
 can be little doubt, at some remote age, by some great convulsion of nature. 
 The reader of these lines who goes to see it — and iill ouglit to do so who have 
 not for it is one of the great natural wonders of the continent— can add the 
 poetical filling in of the picture from his own imagination. What 1 am cer- 
 tain of is, that it will strike many men in dijferent ways just as Niagara or 
 the ocean does. It is, beyond all cavil, a " meet nurse for a poetic child." 
 
 The country at the head of the river is well peo|ded. U was the portion 
 fu'St settled by the JesniL Fathers. Ihcllcve i/tr counlri/ uliovl Lake St. John _ 
 the source of the Sagnenui/, is aipuhlc of .st'piHvilrf; (c; lari\-c a populnt ioji as the 
 k.in<^(Iom of Norway, and thai V. /s o,^v)cll ur better Jitlcd for leiunaii habitation. 
 
 There is a beautiful Ijeach lor loathing at Tadousac : it is a wildly ro- 
 mantic place, and one of the ends of clvili/.atiou. The Jlessrs. Price, too, J 
 believe, v.'ill also erect cottages tor families: and i hiivc )iut the slightest 
 doubt that the Avhole of these arrangements will have the elfect of sending 
 thousands of tourists and others in search of fresh air, doAvn tlie St. Law- 
 rence, benefiting at once the people wlio go and ihe railway and steamboat 
 companies. Tliose people who have gone once generally go again to spend 
 their summers and take sea-bathing at Kjikonna, .Metis, Murray Bay. or other 
 St, Lawrence villages down at salt water. .\ Montreal gentleman wlio came 
 onboard the .Mai:nc.'. at River du Loup tohl me that ho had Jirst gone down 
 about fourteen years ago ; that the taste of sea air he had then got had given 
 liim appetite for it ; and that year by year afterwards he has gone to get it 
 again. His family are are at Kiikoun-a. He told me tliathis children when 
 they have failing appetites and drooping boallh soon come under the in- 
 fluence of the bracing air of this pleasant village. Their standard of health 
 rapidly rises, and they come to have the appetite of sharks. He says that 
 the villagers rent their houses furnished, at rates varying from twenty to 
 fifty dollars a month, and for the rest, people can live quite comfortably and 
 cheaply. They can have their letters and newspapers by railroadfrom Mon- 
 treal to River du Loup, a neighboring village, where is a telegraph station. 
 The tnaila arc nt Kakouna in an hour after reaching Rivor du Loup. The roada 
 
 
NOTES ON THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 15 
 
 are excellent; and the ideas of owucra and drivers of Tehiclea quite reason- 
 able, while you are in the neighborhood of good fishing and sporting. Straw- 
 berries, blueberries, &c., are in profusion. I believe a distinguished physi- 
 cian of Montreal was the first to start Kukouua as a watering-place. 
 
 NOTE 4.— HA! HA! BAIE HOTEL 
 
 There is an excellent Hotel at Jla ! Ha ! Bay . The hoiit, Mr. Lord, ij i\ 
 Frenchman, and very good fellow. He speaks English tluently, and has 
 taken pains to make himself aeqnainted with all the points of interest in the 
 District. Visitors cannot do better than take Kcturu tickets for the passage 
 in the Magnet, make Lord's Hotel their headquarters for a week or morn 
 during the summer months, and employ the time rambling round this re- 
 markable, picturesque and interesting" country. See Jdfi'rtmmeni . 
 
 NOTE 5.— SCENERY IN CANADA. 
 
 Scenery in some parts ot Canada cannot i)0 sur])assed for spender, sub- 
 limity and beauty. From one liundred points of observation throughout this 
 magniflcent country there may be seen at one glance the towei-ing, inacces- 
 sible mountain, the broad, silvery surface of the expansive lake — unsiirveyed 
 tracts of undulating forest strctcliing to tlie north, to the south, to the east- 
 and to the west — tlie thundering cataract, the u,raeefal waterfall, the wind. 
 Jng, sparkling, gurgling mountain .stream — and all o'er canopied by a 
 smiling Italian sky and enveloped in the purest, ibc nio^t ironsjiarent and 
 delicious of atmospheres. For— 
 
 •'Thus tho hoaveiLs aud the oiirth u-a- fn)i-:hci,i." 
 
 Large tract.s of such gorgeous landscapes are now in the sauie state as they 
 existed when Adam tilled the garden of Eden, and, when the Almighty 
 Creator, resting on the Seventlt day, and gazing on tlie stupendous work of 
 his hands, declared the whole created fabric, in all its minutencfi.s ami im- 
 raensity, very good — 
 
 "Groat an! thy worU^. .Irliovah ; 
 " Infinite thy power."' 
 
 The wild beasts of the forest have for ages wandered through these (Cana- 
 dian solitudes unmolested; once, perhaps, in a cycleof years startled by the 
 curling emoke from some Indian wigwnm, or by the joyous song of the In- 
 
16 
 
 NOTKS ON Tin: SAG U EX AY. 
 
 (lian hunter, clioruKcd by his squaw and little ones ns they graci'fully guided 
 their fairy canoe throiigii tlie ■winding.-; find ma/.ci of tho mountain and 
 woodland stream. And mu.^l these romantic donuuu.s lu' one day divested 
 of every poetic charm? Musi, those stupendous t'oro.st.s be converted into the 
 merchantable timber of tho Quobi;c market ? Must these transparent lakes 
 and silvery streams and shaded bays, at ]u\;sent known only to the wild-fowl 
 and the roving Indian, cease tore-echo the ticream of the one, and the soft) 
 plaintive chaimt of tlie other? And mu^t their ovcrhang-ing clilfs give a re- 
 luctant response to the profane, city-born son;;' of tiio Anglo-Saxon or the 
 French Canadian, ad they lazily .steer their clumsy craft in the wake of the 
 noi?y, smoking, slu'iekiu;,' steam-tug'.' Wo fear it mu.st be go. AVe think we 
 have already heard th^ kuell sounded of the de;'arting glories of these Ca- 
 nadiaa solitudes, and wo humbly bow to tho will of the Creator, Jiut, if 
 we are to see these grand domains prostituted to the service ofman, we avci 
 as a nation, under a solemn responsibility to God to see that this immense 
 gift \a used for tho benefit of tlio countrvj and for the glory of tho CJerieroua 
 Giver. It is our duty to see thai if these lands are to be wrenched from th? 
 Indian, that they are handed over lo those who will cultivate and improve 
 them. If it does appear to ))o the will of God tliat tho Indian shall now re- 
 sign his ancient liirth-vighf. and retire before tlie axe of t!ie white man, hand- 
 ing over to us his home and his patrimony, let us take care tliat this inevi- 
 table sacrifice on the port of tlie jioor, desolated Indian shall be so turned to 
 account that their descendants, if not theraselvc.?, having learned through 
 our instrumentality the Gospel of Peace, may be able to lift up their adorin?: 
 eyos to heaven exclaiming, '■ Tho Judge of all tho earth has done right." 
 
 NOTE 6th.— TAKINd POSSESSION. 
 
 It ia the fashion to say in Quebec that the Price Company opened the 
 Sftguenay, and that, in addition to the immeu^o receipts arising from the tim- 
 ber monopoly in that county, tiiey ought to rereivc tlie thank-! oi" tho whole 
 Province. 
 
 Tho Messrs, Price and their allies might whistle this tune as long as they 
 thought proper for anything Ave care, were it not that they appear to excuse 
 their conduct in the Saguenay, on the ground that they are the author of ita 
 existence. 
 
 They would appear to argue, '• we have rescued the man from drowning f 
 '• we have, therefore, an indisputable right to choke him if it should be our 
 " interest to do so." Therefore, in reply to their very incorrect statementa> 
 we say : The Saguenaij was opened by tin laU Pster McLeod, Jr., Etq.^ and 
 not by th» Price Company, 
 
XJTKS ON THE SAGQICNAY, 
 
 17 
 
 ll is well known Uuiv to the IransccMidL'nL tiilentn oC tho late Puu-r McLeoii 
 we owe the uiiunint^' of tlic Hjigumiay. No oue will bo lOQg in any [nirl uf 
 iSaguenay wiliiout iiearin^- McLeod's nanio raontiouccl. 
 
 There is a great deal of romance and iioetry, arrl still niov.' of the stern 
 reality of modern commercial intrigue eonnettv'tl with bis short, eventliil 
 history. JIo wa,-< i)oru in the Kiiig's I'ost House, Chicontimi. He wui de- 
 scended from an ancient Scottish family Ijy his faihcrs' side, and from this 
 family of an hereditary Indian chief by his molinT. He was endowed 
 with extraordinary capacity, am!, from ins childiiood, fdled to over- 
 flowing with noble and generous sentiments. 
 
 He was tall, rul)usl and fascinatingly handsome, ;uul many a man lias 
 quailed before the gaze of his l)lack, eagle eye. Well iitted to take a con- 
 spicuous place in the aumils of liis country, nobly he fullilled his destiny. Hit 
 career was short but successful. .\n unexidored wilderness has been opened 
 to civilization, and a thousand ships have found anchorage in i'.ays and 
 River.s unknown, and borne to our Fatherhind cargoes from a place Avhere 
 but a few years ago the Hlaek Hear and the Louj) Cervior held undisi)iiied 
 sway. 
 
 Poor .McLeod now lies beneath the sod, but a few paces from the house 
 in which he was born. May lie rest iu peace. 
 
 No monument has yet been erected to mark the spot where he sleeps, uud 
 although the irameuso property he so well wielded is now alieuated from hii 
 family, and possessed by others; and, although tho members of hiw 
 family have been dis[)ersed and |>overly stricken, he still lives and 
 reigns iu tiie memories of a thousand hearts. Men, who in his death fee 
 that they have sustained a loss silently to be borne as they ciiunot enler- 
 tain even a hoi)e of .;i'eiug his ecjual agiiln. McLeod wa,-; truly " a man iu 
 » thousand.'" 
 
 [VfOTE 7Tif.- 
 
 -V\iK HON. rilE HUDSON BAY 
 COiMl'ANV. 
 
 The lludsou's Bay Company have a great deal (jf iuHuenee througliou'- 
 Canada. They possess an immense territory and great wealth, and have 
 used both the one and the other in such a manner as to yield the Com[iany 
 handsome returns, and at the same time they have .-ecured for themselves, 
 on all hands, the enviable reputation of being rigorously and conscientious- 
 ly just and honorable in all their business transactions. No where are more 
 hospitable men to be found than the oflicers of this lordly Comiuiuy, Tiier 
 have secured the confidence of every class of society in Canada. The lu- 
 dian, the French Canadian and the English resident, alike bear willing tea- 
 
! 
 
 ?•> 
 
 NO'l'v.S OX Tin: SAGUENAY. 
 
 
 I 
 
 liinoiiy tu their gener.;! i Lurir;;:; as gcnt'uncn, und tlioir unimpeachable 
 ■•liaraclcrs iiiiiU their deaiiugsiis couunercial men. 
 
 Witli i(!iiio.-it nulimitctl power vc-jtccl in ilioir IkukI?, and i)ractically under 
 u(i ooutrol oi' till! British Gove nniu'ut, tlicy havo iiolily sustained tin? ohnr- 
 nctcr of the Ih-iti«h merchant lor intc>;n'ity and honor. 
 
 i'y virtue of Iho Charter granted tn lliis Oorapany by tlie English luoii- 
 iiroii, tlicy liavo long been lords parandunt over thousands! of square juilos 
 of such i:i;i;aiiiice'ut territory as has f. ready been referred to. Jlowover, a 
 leceui aci ■ .' .'m; ImiKsrial T..gislatiir( lias opened a largr. povlion of these 
 lauds to iiulilii.' coniiu'lition, ivud, altl ough thir? act is obviously a wise one 
 liie immediate couscfiueiice^ of t!ie clmigc, will be the desolation of unxuy 
 I', noble l.'iiidscuj'e. 
 
 NOTE s.-— .\N fXDIAN DVEL. 
 
 Duels iire far from rnr; in (he " Indian country''' a:, we arc accustomed to 
 denominalc the tei-riiory of the Hudson's J5ay Conipi'iiy. When duels take 
 [dace, it is generally bct\v-ccn u Jfudson's Uay FacLoj md an Indian Chief. 
 The code of honor havintf something dill'ercnt in it fn m what we are accus- 
 tt'iiied to look for :uuui::,^ the civilized nations of E.rope, or even among 
 o.ii- TuiU'd States friend"!, of bowie-knife notoriety ; it may not be unin- 
 teresting lo the reader if we give a .short account of a duel fought between 
 .Mauiih, an Indian tMiief, and .JohnMcLeod, an uncle of the late Peter 
 McLeoil, of Oliieouiinil, and a (.'liief Factor in ihe Hudson liny Company's 
 service. The cuii.;e of tlse "meeting" Wii,H simple enough. An Indian 
 ollered .Mcijcod a mariin tkin, and asked in exchange several yards of sear- 
 b.'t eloth. As the cloth was very valuable, and the skin of an inferior 
 ciTiaiity, ])'• wa- offered o ily one yard. The Indian laid agreed to accept of 
 one yard iu exchang'' foi' the skin, when .Manish interl'ered, and called him 
 a fool. V>'hereupon McLcod ordered tlie chief to retire, and to attend to 
 his own business, adding ;^omc insulting remark. This was answered by a 
 (.•halleng<' to single combat, whicli v,-as ut once accepted. It was mutually 
 agreed between the iiartios that the meeting should lake place iu an adjoin- 
 ing valley, the following day : that each ])arty i-hould be attended by his 
 friends, who might come on the ground armed, if they chose to do so; that 
 the weai)ous used should be the common sheath hunting knife ; that two 
 such knives should be stuck in the ground, and that they were to run for 
 thekuives, each take one, and the eiieonnter was not to be suspended till one 
 lay dead. That night w.is .spent at the Post House cleaning up arms, and 
 getting ready for the next dav's eneonnter. JIcLeod could boast 
 
 ,'vcu friends, all however Scotchmoi, an4 hard cases at that ; and, it 
 
 only 
 was 
 
NOTKS ON TilK SAGUKNAV. 
 
 [9 
 
 iiuite po3ail>Ii', tlml ill ilic fvcul of llio eliicr? dralh theromit'lil licagoiiernl 
 attack from tlui ItuliiviiH, \vlu» uumburL'il al lea^l ouo hundred and lit'ty iikmi. 
 
 ()iir woriliy Scutcliiunn j)assL'il a merry uight over the whiskt-y VjotUe, ami 
 after a lioarty brcakfajl and twu or llircc " liQi'US," arrived on the lield oi 
 battle, armed to tlio livjtli. lion; tlicy found the Indians anxiously waiting 
 to witness tlie combat. McLcod sloim I'orward, and heartily shakes handri 
 witli tlie Indian cliief, Manish. Tlie ilistanct! U duly nu-aaurcd otf, tin; 
 knives are stuck in llio groiunl, twelve inclios apail. The oombatiinli an- 
 placed side by aide, Manidh almost naked ; McliCiul ia his customary otlice 
 clothes, with the addition of a heavy pair of top boots. 
 
 The foelinii of e.vcltement is now intense. l;i a few moments one of the.ie 
 stern, stalwart men must bi; a lifeless corpse. There is not a sound to hi' 
 lieard. -McLeod's friends have cocked their gun* and taken up a position >o 
 .IS to be able to intercept tlie Indians, should they venture to rescue tiieir 
 i.'!iief. Seconds agree that at liie signal of a gun lired inthe air by one of thi' 
 Indians, tlie combatants should start. .Silence! no goes the gun — Ijani; ! 
 'hey are oil". Manish lias passed .McLeod — ho reaches the knives — kicks one 
 10 a distance of twenty feet — is stooping for the other, when he received a 
 tremendous blow on the .-.ido of his head from McLcod's clenched hand. l!e 
 is knocked stiil" on the ground, and .McliCod with terrible energy jumps on 
 his body. All is over. The chief i-' a ivniiglcd eoriise : his honor has been 
 duly vindicated. 
 
 The white men rush forward ami take charge of McLeod. while the, 
 astounded Indians crowd around the body of their departed chieftain. 
 
 Tlie Imliiuis unanimously admitted ih'^ correctness of the whole trauJitc- 
 tloii, and the alVair \v,v-' ;eldi)iu referred to afterward. 
 
 noth: DiH.— an i:sciDii:NT is thk ufe-: of 
 
 .JOHN Mcl.EOD. 
 
 that 
 
 t)Q one occasion, some years since, McLeod who foughi. the Uuel desciibed 
 in the previous •' .Vote," was traversing llie Rocky Mountain.:, in the com- 
 pany of a young man called McLaren, and Itccainc short of [irovisions. TIu-l-j 
 days had elapsed on which th^.-je poor follows had barely enougii l\K)d lo .ni-,- 
 tainlife. They depended entirely on their guns for their existence, and thero 
 was not any game to be found. The third day was wearing away, and the^ 
 had eaten nothing. McLeod's iron constitution stood it out, bni poor youui^ 
 McLaren was obliged to give in .and lay down his full length on the ground, 
 immediately under the shade of a high, overhanging roek— to die. McLeod 
 knelt down by hij side and trieil to encourage him to rise and goon ; ''Who 
 knows'^, said he, *' perhaps succor hi at hand.' McLaren replied : " My kind 
 
iiVj, 
 
 •20 
 
 XDIKS OX TIIF. SAia'KNAY. 
 
 " gooil ffllow it is impojsilj! ', Uicii' i^ no more strength in my poor body. 
 " In a few honra F will bo Ucud. I i.iitriiil olyou to leave mc. Why sliould 
 " wo both iliL'? If, as you say, .succor shouhl bo ut liiind, 1 icnow you will 
 " hasten buck and relieve iac— bo, my good fricMid, give raeyour hiind, and 
 
 "good-bye. I have one thing to aak you. If you ever reacli tell Alice 
 
 " )!iit slop''— and iliscngaging his hand from McLeods, steathily took 
 
 liold of liis loaded gun v/hieh lay at bin side, cocked it, and without 
 moving, brought it to his shoulder, and, aiming iit the lop of the over 
 hanging rock, lired. .McLi'uit, astonished in the extreme, looked u[i, and with 
 ajoyfi;! shoul jumped to one side, ad a large nionutaiu goat camo rolling 
 from Uic top of the rock, and fell on tiie spot on which ho hud been standing. 
 McLaren innnediately revived, rose and explained that just as he looked up, 
 he saw Fanny poking her nose over the .side of the rock, obviously wonder- 
 ing what was taking place l)elow, when a luillel. entering under her chin, 
 Rnd escaping Ijetween hcrejes, indu(.'ed her lo come dt)wn and make her ob- 
 .-lorvations from a nearer po:iit of viev,. A royal supper, a good night'.-i 
 rest., and plenty lo eat next day, recruited l)oth of our travellers, who ulti- 
 
 mat(dy reached in jierfcct .^^afety, and McLaren was able, in person, to 
 
 deliver the message to Alice, which the sudden descent of the goat prevented 
 us from hearing. We regret (bat we are, therefore, unable to satisfy the 
 curiosity of the ladies ar'towiiat the last will and testamcul of McLaren 
 M i,nld have been. 
 
 'fliere can lie nc iloiTut tiiat McLaren owed the preservation of his life on 
 this occ.a.-.u.u lo llie mei'cil'i'l inlerveuiiou of that !'>eing wlnj " fcedeth the 
 young i.ivejis vt hen they cry." 
 
 
 NOTK U)T 
 
 -{illCloU'i'lMI. 
 
 " William was a lall, ttiucli}, rallier a good looking fellow, 
 '• l^it a lillle too oflci become;; a liltle loo mellow."' 
 
 J-C)Ni:nii.i.ov/. 
 
 "We will not ask tlio rcHiic: lo strain his imagination farther back than to 
 the beginning of tiie present century ; however, long befcu-e then the King's 
 Post House at Chicoutimie:;i ted, and it is only a few years since it Avas the 
 only house wiiliin a radius of tons of miles, in this house, as we have said 
 already, tlie late Peter McLe.jd, Ksq., was born. We wish wo could des- 
 cribe the fascinations of the truly (.'anadian landscape, seen from Chicou- 
 timi Post House, 50 or CU years ago, or even 2n years ago. At that time 
 there were uu Haw-mills in the county, and the banks of the noble Sague- 
 nay were lined with lofty irees. All aiound the Post House, twice ayear, 
 might be seen the picturesque encampments of the Mountaineer Indians. 
 
NOTKS ON TIIK SAliltENAY. 
 
 2\ 
 
 Ott Bucli occasion-, wIumi crowdisd tigclluT, dn u.n'il in };;iruitMi(rj luado of tho 
 most expensivt' cIoUi.;, of tirilliniit ( jlors", t:iMtcriilly firnixMi'Mitol willi Ix-ad- 
 woi'k, tho (Miciiiniiniout loukcil uioro like a llo, • giii'doii ihu . , iriemldago 
 of men and women. 
 
 To give an idea of tiio numbor of ndiniid wiio used lo ussoiiiblo on siicli 
 occasions, wo umy stiili", thai on tiii. 1st of Jiuniury, 180n, ii holiday ut the 
 i'ost Ifoudo, thcM'o wiij drank, in g/dw.f, tiiirty j^ullons of rnm by llic gcn- 
 tlomen, and the same number of gallons of slinib by tho buly Indian^;, eii- 
 campcd at tho placo. Tho fact that there \v;i.i no: a siingl« ca.-n of drunkeu- 
 noss, testifies at once to the considerable number of ludlan^i iirc3ont, as well 
 as to their '«/Jc/('<7i:c(Z and tcmiicrato habits. 
 
 But tho last few years liiis workeil a change in (JliicDuliuii. Cbioutimi 
 has now its Court House and Jail, Priests, Lawyers and Duclurs, ar/l iii a 
 few years will be, wo suppose, styled a Town . 
 
 NOTE 11. -PilESKNTATION 01" IMDI.VN CHIMl'S To TIIK KAIU, 
 OF ELGIN, BV^THE LATE PHTER M'.l.EOD, .11;. ESQ. 
 
 McLeod, or as ho was called by tin.- Iiulian.s, Uil(t,i/)ainih;h, wn?. one of 
 thorio men who are sensitively alive to liie bono, of the lainily nauu-. He 
 knew that he had iio!)lo Indian blood in lis vein.-, ami ho was not llu' luiiii 
 to deny it. It was bi,-; peculiar happiness to be looked up lo by the 
 .Mountaineer ln<lians as a loving blither, and a r. )werful IVicml. Anxiuu;' 
 lo forward the interests of the .Mountain Indian;!, the tribe to which he be- 
 longed, he proposed in the year 1S4 — to Jeroin , an Indian Chief, tluU ;i 
 deputation consisting' of three chiefs should wait ufum His Excellency .the 
 Earl of Elgin, lay be'bre him their grievances, an! respectfully demand re- 
 dress. Ultimately, it was decided tluit the project should be put into ex- 
 ecution. Milaupanuish (being translated— the 'lawning of tli'j morning) 
 agreeing to accompany the deputaliuu as interpreter, generously vol- 
 unteering to pay all the travelling expenses, besides clothing tlie chiefs 
 from head to foot, in the peculiar and costly uniform assigned to chiefs of tlir 
 Mountaineers. As not a single man of this tribe, had previously appoareil 
 amongthc habitations of civilization, naturally, the arrival of the deputation, 
 in Montreal, was the source of geiun-al interest. W" are informed liy gentlemen 
 who had the honor of being present, that their interview with His Excel- 
 lency was a scene never lo be forgolten. There stood ilie ICarl surrounded 
 by his handsome and brilliant stalf, the very e.^-ence of polished, courtly 
 grace, and on theother side stood ".Milaupanuish,'' one of nature's noblemen, 
 and unquestionably the handsomest man present, while tho three bronzed 
 
mi 
 
 9*2 
 
 NdTl S ON I'lIF. SAdl'l.XAY. 
 
 piuidily attired cbii't'ti sfootl i-itoliilly liy lii.* hiilc, w iih aa niiicli 8i'II-|itjasc3sic>n, 
 a» if thoy hiKJ nil tlu-ir lived dwell in paliii'ts. It \-\ luiiicccHsary to Kny that 
 Ills nxceih'iu'y disuu-jHC'l liK" cliirl'.s with luiml.soiiu' iiiivii'iit.-*, luoinisinji ti» 
 •M'wA their tiibe u yeiiily |irt'.-<'iit from tlial diilf, a I'roiiiihi' whifh iiai> Iti'tii 
 nilhriilly kcpl. 
 
 I'lireiuaiii to ilu'oidtr dI' Ili3 Kxci'llenry, I'uiir lurgi' silver mciluld were 
 struck in coinmeiiioratiun o!'liie tviMit— oiii! to be iircsciitcil to i-nrh chief, 
 (Uid one. for " Alihuiinuiiii.-'h'' ; and aldo, atllie Kiiri's Fjicciul (k'siiu, lliii part} 
 sal for tht'ir likiiicsscd in a groMp, wliich was liiiisheil in tlie liigliest atylu 
 of arl. This iiicturo, we liavo no donl)t, Jlis Kxcelleney lelains to tiiis hour 
 as a iiii'Miento of tliin very interentiiig and, we hhuiihl iuld, liislorieal oc- 
 currence. 
 
 \OTK 12T^.-SAGl!K^A^ r.\iniL\(;, .s.(v,&r. 
 
 We iii.w liiid ihc 8»giieiKiy dolled lieic and there wilii I irneii (Janadian 
 iicttlemunts" A few word.-? regarding the Tiianners and eii.stoniH (d' tlie set- 
 tlers will surely lie found interesting. 
 
 Altiiongh an allnwance must lie made for liie iiuveriy of ihe jieo|de, 
 
 a very good idea may l)e I'ormedof the general moral chnraeter of the i-'rentdi 
 
 Canadian, frnm \\\\\\\. Me Pee of this very iiiuiable peoidc in tiie Saguenay. 
 
 Faums.— The fiiruis generally range in six.e from 40 to loo acres. They 
 are, for the most )»;u-t, well fenced oil'. The fences are strong and well 
 adapted to tiie peculiar n;i'.ure f.d" the country, but do not look nearly so well 
 as the bodges and rough stone wallri of English farms, hi these farms all 
 the usual kinds of grain are raised, such as wheat, rye, ((irn, iVc. In their 
 gardens they raise ever}' kind of vegetable. Tliey also grow tobacco whicli, 
 xrlien mixed with ''Virginia," is very ]dea3ant to smoke. There is an 
 iibiinduuce of wild fruit in the county, csjiecially blue, ra^p and strawberries. 
 There is no reason why many of the orchard fruits are not introduced in- 
 to the Sagu»!nay. Probably some years hence when some radical change 
 has taken place in Paguenay trade, and when the inhabitants are more pros, 
 perous than ihcy are to-day, fruit trees will be introduced, with many other 
 items of necessity and comfort, at present strangers to the county. 
 
 Catti.k. — Canadian horses are celebrated everywhere for many excellent 
 rpialities. They can bear Ji surprising amount of fatigue, and travel great 
 distances on consecutive days without sustaining any injury. Evcxy }lah- 
 ilant has his horse, and he takes peculiar pride in turning out in good con- 
 dition on Sundays and fete days A stranger would be astonished to see 
 the great number of horses and sleighs before church doors at Chicoutimi 
 Grand Bay. or St. Alphonse. while mass is being celebrated. For, accus- 
 tomed to associate the possession of a " turnout," with a well furnished house 
 
NOTES ON riir. .'}A(.ri:.s'AY. 
 
 2.1 
 
 that 
 K t.'. 
 
 were 
 
 •liiei; 
 
 iart\ 
 
 itylu 
 
 lour 
 
 (iC- 
 
 Atid a pro^iiPiriiii im.'.ltUin in sucit'ty ^.^I'litrAHy, Im' .■juld luinllr .\t I'lrji rrCtlit 
 iliat llit'sc Lorica uml rtk-ijili.H Iti'luiigt;!! ti» ilif jn or iaii.iljlliiiitj of iho !,ur- 
 rournUiig cumitry. No womlor the DiiUi' of Xi.'W!. utlc, wlu'ii writing tu tli" 
 Koinan Ciithulic IJidhop ut' IJiui'Lcc, v.'\iire33Cil uai JtiLliiucnt lU lliu itumciijo 
 number ol horse; fiiul sloiyh.s v.iiicU tiini<'i.| out (< r xUt \Mi'. uf the troops lui 
 tho iSoiitlj Slioi''; <ii' |!ii; Si. Lav.rcri''', No woi ■.Ii.t Im uniil it " \v.:» f vlm- 
 ordiii.arily renmrkabU'.' Camuliiuia, in iha S.v^w luiy, aitpiMP tu linvo litl'.i' 
 orno idea of tiie Imiiorlaiico of improving tlii liivn' i ufcaltl' by crossing ju»i| 
 caro in feeding, kc. ; the losiilt is tliiit tijo cattle i to ipial! iiiiiai:U.-«, yiehJin.',' 
 poor milit and liutttr, and woi. '>opf. Thch- Wr. od of' j i'j;^ an- very pnor. 
 Too long In tho nose, lioJy, tail, lega :iiu\ cai-s, and (!)'■ I'n.iniuiu'st breed of 
 «hecp in the Sagucnay, are diminutive. 
 
 It is ft notorious fuel that, in S^t^i^^•, on \eiy lu.iny lariaj in tiic ya^iicuay, 
 oalllo are little bettor than walking slceleton.s, jiuil tho sight tlicy prcseu* 
 ia shocking to liuniaiu; eyes, (.'uvcrcd with tlio aceiiiuTiliitcd dirt of ;-ix 
 months' stabling, and Uieir bones piotrnding llirjugh tlio rkin. In many 
 cases too weak to stand, much l<':;s to wall., ili«'; an- (hogged out by t!i • 
 horns and tail to broatiie the frcili Spring air. an'I citrnet wiiat nuuiidinivnt 
 thoy may from the scanty lierbago. ii' liicy li'.-o— r'c.v/ hoii — if they die— 
 n'iinportc. In Uic latter caso tiicir Jiiilc; are e inverted into moecusslns, 
 and our farmer and ins ^jonsdancj hoii .^ iti them with all tho .iiinu; /raid, and 
 withall the grace oflhc desccndaiita ol'llie most iicci(ia[i!islii'd (ifniankiad. 
 We regret, fartiicr, to l)o obliged to re, lu'!, ihiil t!ie Ilubitaat liiraier.s, in thi' 
 Saguenay, kcej) tlieir barns and out-iumses in ;;, . Iiockia ; ,::aic of tilth, and 
 tlio barns themselves are goaeraily very ba :[y builf. Muoli inn;L be for- 
 given on account of the newness of liie euiiutry, a. id the (lillienlty of living 
 where there is only one market, fur jirnducc. and wlier.' almost every artlel'? 
 purchased, costs twice as nuieh as it is worth; n.verlhcleoS, we would urge 
 on the farmer the projiriety of iia'/roving his sl.ic';. and iIk'U taking a HtUc 
 more Ci'.re of them than he does ai presm;. 
 
 Clotiung-TIic Frencli Caaadiar.r., in tlieSao'j'Ju.^^N , uiukt; liii-ir u»rn cloiii?.-, 
 Ijoots, &c. We must confess our ignorance fif tli- diiferoixt procesjjes which 
 ih'i wool undergoes before It ajipears ia the shapo of bl.mkets, coats, shiuvl:.) 
 itc; l)ut, cerlahi it i.;, tliat the viu'ioii.: tniaofor-.uatiom^ are all tui- wtu'k of 
 iha Hubitiiiit and iii: IVaaiiy. (hie Ihhig v.'hiuh inuiirdiau-ly strikes the al- 
 temion (if au I'lugj'shmaa whea first he sees; tor frcample, on ISumiay. a 
 crowd of rural popi 'atioa, is the ab;-euee oi" tli.'U ij'.'ori.hni'.-.'; li ilre,-:-, a:id 
 manners wliieh slan 
 
 ) the same class in Knglam' 
 
 DwELMNc; lIoisEs. — As far as tho ii.-;peel of tlieir i 
 llithitdnt is intiaitcl} l)ohiud the Ku ;I!>! 
 
 iMU.-i'S IS euuii'i'iieu 
 
 HOC let] 
 
 A Canadi;ai house i.- 
 
 n- li 
 
 ).iCI.- 
 
 Van 
 
 pa: 
 
 ec.-; 
 
 ill Ih' 
 
 e!l built, 
 
 th.: 
 
 me iiositioa ot 
 w.'U liirhled. 
 
 well roofed and shiiiglcd ; but Irivi;;';' built 
 
 atvr-li;;lit, aii--iight huusc 
 
 his ambition has reached its elimii;; 
 
 leer-: net ap[iear to tliink it a amt- 
 
 ter of the least importance whether its eh^vulioa resembles more nearly a 
 Koman Villa or lri.-;h barn. IIo wastes no time beautlfyiurj ih(' ground 
 

 NOTES ON THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 riirroiintliiig it,. \Vc sei' no roso biisli or honey siicklo blooming under its 
 phadc, nor (Id wo bco a neatly pfiinU'il railing .surrounding tho hoiisc (o jiro- 
 tcrt the, door stoi).s from llu; inquisitive snouts of tlicir greyhound iiAvini". 
 Tliero it stands in all its eold, naked, iinlinished, repulsive angularity, u 
 I'lieerlesf!, inartistic structure. Near it, no doubt, the Jralntant usually has 
 his garden; Itut this, so far from being an improvement is a positive Idot. 
 His garden is neither .'([uarc, round or of any known curve, and is Jurronnd- 
 'd by a high, uupightly split rail fence. 
 
 lloL'.SKHOi,D AauAxoKMKNTis. — Mucii of Avhat wc liavo said regarding tho 
 want ot taste dis])layed on his house externally, rnay be repeated with re- 
 gard to the intern.'il arrangements. Never hav(; -we .--een jjaiiited or paiiered 
 walls, cari)oted lloors, or neatly furnished rooms. A rough, carelessly made 
 j'artition, as carelessly nailed up constitutes, in most cases, the walls of the 
 rooms. The furniture is not only always rude, but always defective. Four or 
 five chairs bearing no family resemblance to each other, a rough deal table, 
 a wooden cupboard, a large iron stove, in tho centre of the room, and a bed 
 ■:: ;li'' corner, is a good deal above tlie :iveragi; style of furniture, 
 
 VicrrALMxa. — Canadians consume a great deal ofjioik. Pork apiiears 
 in every dish, stews, frys, ragouts, &c. !•] very dish has pork in it. Their 
 bread is made of their own Hour, and baked in ovens of a construction pe. 
 rulinr to the country. V\'e will, therefore, give a slight description of such 
 an oven. 
 
 IlAniTANT OvFNs.— in the neighborhood of the hou.sc is constructed a 
 roughly hewn frame or platform, eight i>r nine feet long, and four to five 
 feet broad. This is covered with a layer ofliricks. A wooden arch frame 
 i"? placed on this platform, and built over with bricks, stones and mortar 
 The whole is then allowed to dry, the frame work is knocked away, and tho 
 oven is completed. When they wish to bake they fdl tliis oven with dry 
 wood, set it on iire and allow it to burn to ashes. The ashes is then cleared 
 out, and ten or a dozen loaves, in tin pans, arc ]/Ushed in ; the mouth of the 
 oven is closed, and in due time the bread is baked. Wo never could oat 
 their bread — it has a sodden, bitterish taste, Init tho ITabitants appear to 
 relish it very much. 
 
 ViOTtTALLiNG coNTiMT.D. — Our IliibUaiils eat potatoes at every meal — very- 
 few indulge in tea ; those who do, however, give screen tlie preference, and 
 a horrid liquid it is when concocted by a Canadian. Codlish, herrings and 
 some other kinds oflisharo consumed in quantities, (suiipose we say certain 
 quantUirs.) In summer the Habitants have generally a fair sujjply of milk, 
 such as it is, but summer or winter water is their principal beverage. They 
 dispense with everything in the shape of ceremony at meals. The dish con- 
 taining the molasses, ragout or stew is placed in the centre of the table; 
 the family cluster round, sometimes finding seats on cliairs, sometimes on 
 boxes or logs of wood, and often kneeling. Each individual is armed with 
 a piece of bread, from which he breaks a small piece, and, placing it eclcn- 
 
NOTES ON THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 25 
 
 its 
 ])r()- 
 inc. 
 V, a 
 lius 
 lot., 
 ind- 
 
 tificallv o. tho end of liis knife, (^vliich In; ulways ciirric.-} in hi.i iiooket) 
 flcoupg tip lis niucli as itodsihle of tliu coniniou in-opcrty in (ho dish. The 
 whole scenu is jiatriarchii-al and autediaiviun in chavactiM'; bnt althow;^h 
 possessing the cliarm ol'siraplicily, it is scarcely calculated to sti-ik<^ tho 
 Eni^lishman's fancy ns an inprovcment on the move modern system wiien 
 table covers, and a moderate supply of chairs, ]»hites and cutlery are pro" 
 vided. As Canadians all work in the open air, and have no intellectual 
 labors to unsettle their stomachs, not\vit!istaudin{j that Iheir daily fare i^^ 
 far from luxurious, it is wholesome and well digested. 
 
 The Canadians, iu Saguenay, are very Intelligent, cxlrrniely pulile, ami 
 good naturcd. There is comparatively little vice among llicra, and if th-y 
 were not borne down by the direct aud indirect pressure uC eireiimstapc,'' 
 which have been already alluded to. there can lie no reasonable duubt that 
 this county would rapidly become as prosperous as any other district in 
 ('anada. 
 
 With tiie sentiments in tlie following extract, we entirely coincide so far 
 as tlie Saguenay is concerned. 
 
 From tho Morning C/iroiiirlc of Wednesday, "JDlh January, If^i'rJ : 
 LiiiKRALiTv OK THK Lovi'KU CANADIANS. — The Lcitdcr auali/.iug the reii- 
 gious divisions of Lower Canada remarks : '■ Fortunately the Catholicism of 
 " Lower Canada is of an exceedingly mild and tolerant type. If every poo- 
 ' pie were as free from bigotry as the French Canadians the amount of re- 
 " ligious rancor in tlio Avorld would be sensibly diminished. Tliis does not 
 " arise from indifference, for their are few people more truly ilevout than the 
 " the French Canadians. A superficial glance at the above table (the cen- 
 " sns table) mightlcad a stranger to the conclusion tliat tlie religious .sub- 
 (' divisions of Lower Canada presented excellent material for chronic (pinr- 
 " rels. With the preponderance of the church ot Rome, in presence of so 
 •' many denominations, there is less sectarian biltcrness in Lower Cauioia 
 i' than in most other countries." (bir contemporary, adds the dironir! ^ re- 
 cords a Hict which must have forcibly struck every dispassionate observer 
 of public opinion and social life in this section of the Province, kv., &c. 
 
 NOT !■: 1 3th— E DUCAT 1 ON . 
 
 It is almost incredible what a large proportion of the auult poinilaiion can 
 neither read nor write. We are quite convinced that not four per cent, jioi- 
 Boss either accomplishment, and this small percentage neither write or read 
 correctly. We do not think, notwithstanding, the number of scliools now 
 in existence that education is making any considerable advance. At these 
 schools the yount? are taught to read and write a little, to say the Roman 
 
•26 
 
 NOTES ON THE SAGUENAY. 
 
 Catholic cftlcchidiu, and to mttle ofl' a long string of monotonous prayers. 
 At the conclusion of every school terra there is usually a grand display of 
 the itrolicicncy acquired during the session, which is neither more nor Icps 
 (hiin IV piece of downright nonsense. There is a display of the theatrical and 
 oratorical capabilities of the children, but they undergo no real examination 
 on those subjects whtch arc usually supposed to constitute the bases of i". 
 jjood education. Priests and people, and even the School Inspector wink at 
 this absurdity, and, in fact, appear to like it rather than not. 
 
 Things which wc do not undcrsand, or rather, things which we do under- 
 stnnd too well. For the year 1861 : 
 TiiK .Sagcexay Slioks cost $1108, (JO. 
 
 RETURNS.— NIL. 
 
 Now when it is borne in mind that a couple of years ago these slides cost 
 the Government upwards of $41,000. is it too much to ask that parties 
 be compelled to pay the toll on the logs which they bring through them ? 
 
 In 1801, there was out in the Saguenay 150,000 logs— duty $12,500 yet 
 c\\\ the money remitted to the Exchequer by George Duberger, Esq., Crown 
 Timber Agent was $4 ISG,.")"). We come, therefore, lo tlie conclusion that of 
 the amount $14,300 (slideagc 1,800, and duty 12,500; ohiy $4160,66 has been 
 paid, and there is still, therefore, a balance of im thousand dollars yet to 
 be accounted for. 
 
 Gentle reader, how much do you sujipose it cost tlie Government to col" 
 K\'t this $-1100,06'.' No less than ^M.'JO, or :]6 per cent. 
 
 -vUhough it is difficult to reach the e.\act amount paid as duty on logs, 
 iuaiiuuch as that amount is amalgamated with moneys paid in the shape of 
 liccusos to cut timber, still we have seen enough to convince us that an 
 invixnifkanl fraction only of t!io lawful Crown dues on timber taken out in 
 tlio ya<,'uoii;\y has been paid, and we especially call on Canadian Lumberer.", 
 who are in the habit of paying taxes, to insist that tliis matter be thoroughly 
 iuvestigated. 
 
/\ DVERTISEMEN TS. 
 
 O 
 
 27 
 
 ROYAL MAI I, I. IX E 
 
 QUEBEC TO 
 
 fftiape, f':i'jicbi'i<', DtilliniDfi'f, Miiiimi'Jii, 
 
 Sllrdiiir lllti/ I'i('t(i>i. 
 
 00 
 
 
 CI 
 
 TIIK C'AXADl.V.N J A LAND 
 
 milE roWEKFl'L riHST-CI.ASSJ lUnjuL Mail Urou.h Line ! 
 
 I j.N C!ini)C('ti!)ii Av.lh tbf lli(i!i;i.ii;v 
 
 lilU! IjOtwcL'li .vliiiiln';;!. i'ii\-:((>ir, Og(lull>- 
 ^niv^, lirtK'kviUc. I\iii;:st(in, 'r.iiniiii', 
 Jliuuilld)., :i!i(l oilier iutLTiiifiliaii' I'crl.-. 
 (•(■nriCftin;^ al Prori'dtt with Uiii!r('ii<l I'it 
 <Hla\V!i ('ily : at Jviii,i;;./tiin with ^'t*;ainrrs 
 I'm- Viny oT (.luiiife: ;;l 'I'DrdntD with 
 the s^icami'i' Zl.-iiiu' ruin,!, I'm- >.'ia<^ai'a 
 Falls, Ac : with XortlK'in Kailrnad i'l'V 
 Colliii.u'wniitl am! Wt'^lern i^tatcs, aii'l fit 
 Jlainiltoii with (.:rc;'t WcstLir. i;. V<. t.. 
 all points A\'c'st. 
 
 ]''()r '("a-liols aiiil ;;-'ii(.'i'al iii:oi)iiali'>i) 
 a[>iily li) the uiHlfivi,:;'iit.'ii, ai tli" !i"iii'. 
 or a; hi.s oUioe, jNapuliMii 'iV'i;aii. 
 
 \. !•;. Ml !)i^-x.\ !.li. .t//<ii', 
 i^'iicix."!,'. I '-iii;. 
 
 tV. DaviDSU.'v, J/i(>-i<:r. 
 11(7/ /<:<nc ATK/X.^OX'S \\'/,<i,y, 
 At lour o'clucl., I'. JM., toui.luuf;- at tho 
 aljuvf places ti'oiiig ami returning;. 
 
 -/I'd^cs '//' I'uK'iiiijc mill i'l-i-iijlii : 
 
 lil 2i:<l Freigt 
 class, c'iiss. per bbl 
 gii(-l)fo to Oaspo, t'i'-'t'O ^'-lOO ,)Uc'tR 
 
 ito. to l'as{.i'Oiac, 
 
 'lo. to DalLiousii;, 
 
 do to .Miramictii, 
 
 flo to .Sheiliac, 
 
 do. to Pjctoii, 
 
 i:i.(jO .ioit ,'iO ■' 
 
 in I (i.uo T)-! ■' 
 
 ]S.(!0 ; (0 io " 
 
 1!) 0;) 7.a0 m " 
 
 'ilM ci.OO GO •' 
 
 Same cbarj;t'.s frrai aliovi; pnrts toQui;l)i:C. 
 
 All liag.i;a:r<.' a; ri-]\ oi'nwiier.^ tliureof. 
 
 licrths \iot .scL'iiro'l until pni'l \'nv at 
 the uttifi'. Shippers arc reqiiuHe'l to 
 have their l'reii,'hl at SIX, a. m., oh the j 
 wlnirC, and tlieir entries ]iassecl at ihe : 
 t'listoni Jloiise lieforo nooji on the day oC; 
 tailing. j 
 
 For further particulars ajiply to 
 
 THE KAKOrXA liOTKl,. 
 
 1!V illCH (»"Xi';!L. 
 
 (Lvri; or ti:k ••('!- \ i;j:ni)on" (jm.ij!' 
 
 117// /,/■ iiiHiir,! /',.,■ th.- rir, >i/:i,,. './' 
 
 '/",irr( /!■/■'( mill 'f'lirrisi'! ihi- ihn/ 
 
 'I nil Jul;/ ISr.l!. 
 
 l.'.u.-ieuiars appiy lo IrpilK ]i„usr Is th..no,-!dy ru,0VMt,.,l. 
 
 V. DUTKAU. 3/nnr;f/rr, \ \_ and refitti^l lhrou,irhour. coniaiii.- 
 
 over JOO eomfortai'l'' ;tnd well- inruis!:- 
 
 Atkinson's WJi.irf, 'Sr. Jaiiies-st 
 Quclieo, 1S()2. 
 
 DEXTEil'S HOTEL ~ 
 
 cd llooius. and will be kf..!, a-- r<'^:ari!=: 
 the ti'.hle, attendance, and ail o;'ni.r aj' 
 liointments. in a style whieli will eii:ii:i' 
 to visitors to this ph'a-aiit siiininer v 
 s'rt ail the ciiiiifi-.rts oi' a lirst .■!:!•:.• 1!^' 
 tel. 
 
 Parlies who jireior ii r:;n always o'l- 
 
 tain private i|uart(-rs at Kaknun;), as 
 
 there are over :;i) Cotta;_'es in tlie ii< i;:h- 
 
 liorhood. where rodin-!, i>r sui'e-cr voons . 
 
 may he . o<-ureil. 
 
 mcif o"M;n,' . 
 
 ST. .rOltX STltKET, fl'l'Kif TOWN. 
 
 QUEBEC. 
 This old estaldished and well known 
 Hotel, situated in the ]deasa?itesi part 
 of Upper Town, is extensively ])atron- 
 i/ed liy the f'omniercia! and lui>:lish 
 Traveller. 
 
 This Hotel is generally rercmiiucii led 
 {'.lYXtsiiiD'/'.-'dr tf r.-iis and exeeilcnl uc- j ICakouna, -luly. Isit)- 
 c'oniinodatifjn. 
 
 Mll.-^. M. UUXTEU, 
 
 I'riifjyiiliir. 
 
 ALBION HOTEL, 
 
 :5II, ;!l;!. .'ila St. 1'ai,i, STiirm. 
 .MONTREAL. 
 
 LAM]]'S RESIA URAXT. 
 
 ( 0/,]ri-<ili: l/'ir J''.'.l <{l/'<< .') 
 
 (iri:i 
 
 DkK'imi it Cd /'ruprlc'oi:-. 
 
 \ '1 he only phve in liue'iec wlnr>' yo<i 
 I can ','ct a glass of Dow's .Aronlrcal Al.' 
 I in coed condition. Sandwiehes lees. ivr. 
 
28 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 HAIHAIBA! HOTEL. 
 
 ST. LOUIS HOTEL, 
 
 ■ \)i<r Durham Terrace, Upper Tuirn, 
 QUEBEC. 
 AV. KussKi, «fc Son, Proprietors. 
 
 Till'] uiiilcryigmidhji!! tho honor lo ten- 
 der Ilia lliiuikH lo .striingcrs luul tlio 
 |iiil>lic ill ;;,'oiieri;l lor tlio lit)eriil eii- 
 firiiragomcul liu has received I'rom them 
 .■iiiee the cstablisliinent of his hotel ;it 
 lla ! lla ! IJay, and, at the san; ; time, 
 lie hejcs leave to announce, that in order 
 lo merit a eontinimnce of their patron- 
 iii^e, and all'ord the gnritc.-l. jiDsnilile 
 amount of eomfort to \\- : numerous 
 lourh-^ts who annually vi.<it tito pietu- 
 resijuc regions of the Ha'!;uenay duriuj; 
 Slimmer months, he has made consider- 
 able alterations and improvements on 
 hi.-! establishment. Ills taVdc will al- 
 \va \ s bo provided with every delicaey id" 
 i!io season. The wines and other liquors 
 wi',1 be of the very best ([Uality, and de- 
 :-('i'\-ing the approbation of fmimiinctirf. 
 
 Tlie uudersi^^med will always furuish 
 tourists with the most reliable informa- 
 tion on this importiint part of the eoun- 
 try. 
 
 i'lir tlmse who desire to visit the ma^- 
 r-'.^ent valley of Lake t^t. .John, he will 
 lirovid" the most trustworthy guides, 
 who will also point out those jilaces most 
 desirable for the sportsman and the an- 
 Kh'r, many of which are in the neighbor- 
 li'Htd of the hotel. 
 
 For those who niiiy wi.-li to visit those 
 celebrated portions of the .Saguenay. 
 ['I'll xoii/ ((ii-;><i r/i(irm(iiits </((' iii/rc<ili/L''i) 
 he will j)rovide boats, canoes, waggons, 
 or saddle horses, as nuiy be desiretl 
 
 His carters (with cards of his hotel, 
 the only establishment of the kind in the 
 I'bicc) will ;>|irni! the arrival of the 
 
 liesides other advantages this, large 
 establishment possesses, there are mine- 
 ral and salt springs in the neighborhood 
 of great efficacy to parties sutl'ering from 
 dyspepsia. 
 
 The undersigned !uis a splendid house 
 in the neigbliorhood of his hotel, situated 
 close to bathing <(uartcrs, and which 
 he will be hapjiy to let to one or two 
 families lor the seiison on rcnsoiuihle 
 lenns. 
 
 JOHN liORD. 
 
 Bagotvillo, I 
 yist May, 1862. j 
 
 jioLus or mealS. 
 
 HrvidfnHt 7 to 11 o'cloek, 
 
 Linirheun 12 to 1 " 
 
 Uiniicy (5 o'cloek. 
 
 Tea S to'.) " 
 
 J^S" Dinner in the afternoon for La- 
 dies ami Gentlemen who depart by tho 
 Steamboats and evening Trains. 
 
 SWORD'S HOTEL, 
 
 {Jjutc the Jiichclieu,) 
 
 ST. VINCENT STREET, MONTREAL , 
 
 W .\0W OPEA\ 
 
 v. Swonn's »fc Co., Proprictorn. 
 
 TUB SCOTTISH 
 
 AMIGA i.U.E LIFE ASSURANCE 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 pi;r.sn»EXT ; 
 His (Jraec ihe Dlki-; of RoxurnGHE. 
 
 AT tho Septennial Investigation, iUst 
 A. Dec, 1 Sl50, a Bonus of £1 I os. per cent 
 ])er annum, declared on Capital and 
 ruKVioi s liOMSi'.s. The Bonus now 
 declared also participates in the futuro 
 profits, and is etpial to a bonus of ?■ per 
 cent, not so iiarticipaling." Funds, 
 £Sn,7(i.S 17s. ild. Annual income. 
 £loL7.Vl 12s. lid. 
 
 V>y the minimum preiniuni tiible, " "■* 
 t'iriic It :<i(iii 111 ))osm'b/i\ it hi'mn i/ j'nr the 
 >iii!(tnr.-<t jiiiHuiljIr j/riniiiDii..'' 
 
 For tables of rates and general int'or- 
 niation. apply to the undersigned. Agent 
 for the Societv, No. 12 St. Peter Street. 
 I). A. ROSS, 
 
 Adrocalc. 
 
 Quebec, duly, 1862. 
 
 II A! iia: bay 
 
 AMI 
 
 L'ANSl-: A L'EAU HOTELS, 
 
 r.\ JOHN t.OP.l). 
 
 il^IKST Cl.'iss Hotel.- are kept at both 
 places by the ]u'oprietor, and the ta- 
 ble is jirovided with the best maricet pro- 
 duce from {Juebec. by Steamer, and the 
 very best AVincs and Liquors. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 29 
 
 RICHELIEUCOMFY. 
 
 ROYAL MAIL LINE 
 
 Between Quebec & Montreal' 
 
 Europa, Columbia and Monlrml. 
 
 ONE of the above splendid Ciist-siviling 
 steamers will leave MONTREAL lor 
 QTEBP^C every afternoou at o o'clock; 
 and Nnpoleon Wharf, Quebec, for Mon- 
 I re. 1,1, every afternoon at A o'clock. 
 
 I'or further jjarticularH apply lo, in 
 MoiUreal, Company's Office; in liuebcc, 
 J. I!. LAM EKE. 
 
 Aiji'iii. 
 May, 18()2. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE WATEliINC 
 PLACE. 
 
 DEDldlTFUL TRIP 
 
 TO THE 
 
 LOWER St. LAWRENCE, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 mVEH ^ AGUE NAY. 
 
 The Canadian Inland Steam Navigation 
 
 <Jompany's Splendid Fir.st CIuh-j 
 
 iron .Steamer, 
 
 MAGNET 
 
 7f 
 
 RivEU nn LOUP, kn pas. 
 
 LAROCHELLE-S HOTEL. 
 
 11HIS large, handsome, and commodi- 
 . 0U3 Hotel is delightfully situated, 
 iiud in the immediate neighborhood of 
 the Steamboat Wharf ;ind Railway (or. 
 minus furnished in excellent .style with 
 a Tieiv at once to the comfort and luxury 
 of those who may p."'ronise it. 
 
 Every attention is given to the culi- 
 nary tlepartment, the tables being sup- 
 plied with every delicacy which the Que- 
 bec and River du Loup markets atl'ord 
 I'articular attention is given to the. 
 choice of l^iiiuors. 
 
 Time passed at River du Loup, may 
 be spent in the uninterrupted enjoy- 
 ment of Bathing, Fishing. Routing and 
 
 Riding. 
 
 It is the special aim of the undersign- 
 ed to make his Hotel the sole resort of 
 the Quebec public, and of the strangers 
 from Upper Canada and the I'nited 
 States who annually visit this fa'.ourite 
 Watf ring Place. 
 
 EUGENE LAROCHELLE. 
 
 River du Loup, June, 1862. 
 
 CAPT. TKOS. HOWARD, 
 
 Ruiininii iit conncclion with the Upper 
 
 Canniht Royal Mail Steamers, unit 
 
 the Steamers of the Richelieu 
 
 Compuni/ will leave the 
 
 NAPQLEOH WHARF, QUEBEC, 
 
 EVEKY 
 
 rcESDA y AM) FRinA y 
 
 .MouNiN'OS ni'iiiNC Till', Skaso.v, at 
 S o'clock, I'oii TJii: 
 
 ANLi 
 
 l-I A ! I-I A ! B A Y ! 
 
 Calliiu' lit Murray Bay, Rirer <lu Loup 
 anil Tadoiisac. 
 
 Tlie jliv/ii't is built in Four Water- 
 Tight Comjiartments. of great .«trer.gtii, 
 and equiped with every possible appli 
 auce for safety, and is one of the best 
 sea-boats atloat. She is IJtted up with 
 largo family State-rooms most eomfori- 
 ably furnished, and in every rcspert 
 second to none on the Canadian waier^. 
 
 Boturn Tickets granted allow 
 iug iiarties ample time Iw remain at uny 
 plai-e on the roulo for t\\o enjoyuuiit lA' 
 Si^a-bathing. J'"is!iing ov Ihialin;'. at Ri^ 
 DICED KATES. ' 
 
 Strite-rooms secured, and eveiy iiilor 
 matiou obtained on application ai flj-- 
 (Jompany's Olli'^e— 
 
 In Mon-tukai A. MIl.LOV. 
 
 In Qt:i;iu;c, A. H. McDOXALD, Ai/<:>tt 
 
 June, ISO-'. 
 
30 
 
 ADVERTISEMENTS 
 
 KUSSELL/S HOTEL. 
 
 I'Vi.ACK STitnirr. 
 
 (>UJ:15EC. 
 
 -: o 
 
 IJrcHl:j'i--<l 7 til 1 I o'lilnri;. 
 
 I,linch(:iin 1- In ' 
 
 lihim.- t) oV-l'K'i;. 
 
 Tra S to y 
 
 ,;t?f IVinucv in tliu aftevuoioi lor 1-ii- 
 (lius iuul (Uuitkuneu wiio depiivt l.>.v Ihc 
 Sluiiui boats iuiil ;jvcnin^' Trail).-. 
 
 niK 
 
 DONl^GANA 1[0TKL 
 MOXTllEAL. 
 
 A. ^^r..li;i.iKN. j p ,,;,:.„,., 
 
 T,S tuli;i;iitl'u!l.y .atu.iU-'ii uii'l loiiii'orta- 
 
 i;an:>se a i;eai: hotel, 
 
 ^TA Don SAC) 
 
 T,S idi-iit 
 
 1 liy fiiniisliod. 
 
 'L'hcro K an abiiiiuanoc; (<t' ;ni1uioli ami 
 Siihiioii.i'rour. v.'illiin "itO yanl.s of the 
 iloU'i, ami ihero i:^. al.--.>, fX-rll-sit .-lioot- 
 in>; ill the nei-hhorhi'oil. 
 
 Ax- a liaiiruiL' Maiii'ii. tlinc is u.ir on 
 iin; St. Lawrcui-c a !iini\' lioaiKiiiilly 
 ylicltercil 15ay rlum TadoiuMC liarlnir. and 
 liio liL-iirli !,-• .-a;i'ly ;i'iil ha.- a very !;'vad- 
 ual J^lopc. 
 
 JDILN LUlll'. 
 
 PASSENOl'.llS av Tin- MAGNE7) 
 
 W al ll.c V\ ;i:iri' mm inr arrival, and 1 
 iiai at. all liui.'.' r.aiily to t;iko rourist.-i to 
 
 riju'ui 'riMi. So 'rL'.ui'.iv iioMpri-;, 
 
 itiierosi<i('U(.--" ot'tlje !atc I.V'ti'V Mi'Lc-od't^ 
 laihor), ;o viRA.N'J.)!; i'.lU l;!!, or to 
 LAKKST. .iOllN, at llu- ,-::.(jrir-n !i.>- 
 llci' and ill niodcra't' vato_;-. 
 
 Di'.SlKi'. !'t)'rK. 
 
 Miii/ Cnii;,il'-i.>:-. 
 
 ILi : It;' ! ilair, .iuiy, Jsii:.'. 
 
 COLKMAN'r^ 
 M ON TUE A L HO l.' S K . 
 
 I 'oM\i!:;'''.ONr.[!'^ Stjr A n.r;, 
 .\1U\TUK.\1,. 
 
 J. W . t'UtliilAN' /';•/«/., I. •^>>•. 
 
 THi; 
 OTTAWA HOTEL, 
 
 (fi-rat St. JitnicH St. 
 
 MONTllEAL. 
 
 .-. 1>I!0\VN1K(!, I'nipvUtor 
 
 Kl S HlN'd TACKLE. 
 
 ITIVliRVTlllXa re.iniiodl.v Sl'UKT.S- 
 ]J MKN A A-XGLlvUS, at the ston; of 
 
 IJKLANCiHR .t (lAKlPn-;. 
 No. i»i I'abritiui) St. 
 t^ml.K'c. .hily. 1S(>2 . 
 
 IJOOK iV S'J'ATIONEKY STORi:. 
 
 liidiqur Kntidnitl Hhich, 
 .Sr. .loiTN SriiEKT, I'i'i'EU Town, 
 (ilIEJ3EC. 
 
 rjl'nil'- inult'isignod kovji.-: iilway.-- instoclc 
 ia lar;.;c! assiirtniont of Jjooks and iSta- 
 tiontM\y. to;^cllu'r ^\•itil tliu cun(nit Litcra - 
 turo of till' day, suitable fur Steanilioai 
 and Kaiii'oad traAcl. 
 
 Tlio latest En;;li,sli and Amerieuu 
 Xews])ai('.'V.; and Ms'.jfa/.ines recuivi'd 
 rej^'ularly \n'Y .Mai! Stsjamcrs and lix- 
 pri\-s. 
 
 P. Sl XCLA ni. 
 
 MOXTM( )KEX('J FACTOin-. 
 
 KADOX, WYATT, & Co. 
 
 :^ N r FA (' T r It !■: ]l S of Xoitoii's 
 iiX (!iianij>ion J'liniiing LMill, Xorton'.-. 
 ll.i>ri,'.onii'.l Scivw DasJi Churn. O'Dells 
 Vic't'.-ria ^Vasiiini' IMachinc, O'l.ioil.'! iin- 
 prnseil ?>[alli;'lo. 
 
 /'(p'/.v, ,n'A /;,'///( ~-, '/'()/.•«, X'/"// l!u.-i 1, 
 I'liiiilh: I'lii.f.i!". Tiniii'l ('ool'T", d''. 
 
 ')! ii( K. — St. Xii'liolas Street, l^i'eljo. . 
 
 WILLIAM WJtKliif, 
 MM!; (Mi A N'T T A 1 L O It , 
 
 t.KXEKAL OUTITTTEJI 
 .\i>. a. St. John STnERf, Qvkbkc. 
 
 Alainiri ml ltd ml <l rllolcf HcluClinil"^^^ 
 
 of Shine, ColUira, Craint*, 
 Braces, if loves, dc. 
 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 31 
 
 English Coxnmercial School, 
 
 TJi>i>EI=l TOTTVlSr, QXJEBEO. 
 
 WILL OPEN MONDAY, AUGUST 1st. 
 
 HOURS 9 A. M., TO 12 NOON, AND 1.30 1'. M., TO ?:'^0 1'. M. 
 
 Numltcr of I'upils limited to TimxTV.—No hoys will bo received wUo are not al-i.; 
 
 i<j re;ul im<l write. 
 
 TERMS — /'o/'/.v Diilliirt )), r Aiiiuim, jiiijabli- Qinnlrrlji. 
 
 IT WU^Lbo llie aim of the luulerriigHecl to thorouf,'hly Educate the boy.-; sent t.t 
 his School. As he autieipiites th.at the majority of hi.-; .-chidar.s will be thoso 
 intended to fuUow Mcveaiitilc i)ur.<uit.s. lie will endeavour lo bear thai einiirii.«taiiOfc! 
 In mind in the Sehool Room. 
 
 lie considers that Boys who are to be BlSlMvSS ME.N, ou;:hi ti. hi- lii.st- 
 rati Arithmeticians, audat /('((sf .seeoiul raie .^^atllel^atiriall:•. 'Ihey .-!i(iukl be 
 acquainted with 
 
 BOO k::k: b e :?-» 1 2sr a- , 
 
 and the nature of every busine.«.s transaction. (iKOOKAl'ltY, also, .should re- 
 ceive speeial attention. And, that a busines.s man may feel at home in the .society 
 in which he will move when awav from hi.s office, he must be, to a jjrroater or le.-;-: 
 LXttnt, familiar with NATUllAL PHLLOSOl'ilY. HISTORY, JiflXiKAFllY. ,is 
 Keeping all this in view, it will be, in addition, the desire of the undersigned to 
 encourage a wholesome competition among hi:- . "scholars, and to make the \a.m-A 
 devoted by them to the aciiulrcment of knowled.'.'e, Jimnng !ho liapirK .-t of the 
 day. 
 
 S.\MrEL J. KELSO. 
 
 Late uf t/if Hii;li Srhool. 
 
 JULY, 186?.