IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % // {./ ^ ^^ 1.0 ^Ki I II I.I 11.25 2.5 Ui — 6" 2.2 2.0 M. 11.6 s A '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 V '^ <^ " %. <*.>" o npted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D n n D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur^e et/ou pelliculde I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur Coloured Ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relid avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior m>irgin/ La re liure serr6e psut causer de I'ombrs ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. mais, lorsque cela 4tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl6mentaires; The toth L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur D / D n D This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est fiimi au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/cr laminated/ Pages restaur6es et/ou pelliculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolories, tachet6es ou piqudes Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualiti inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire The post of th filmi Orig begi the I sion othe first sion or ill I I On!y edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, etc., ont M filmdes i nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. The shall TIN! whit Map diffc entii beg righ reqi met 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X 1 1 1 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X e itails 8 du lodifier r une Image The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library. Gtoloaicai Survay of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grdce d la gAn6rositA de: Biblloth«qua, Commistion Gtelogiqua du Canada Les images suivantes ont M reproduites avec le plus grsnd soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la netteti de l'exemplaire filmi, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. 98 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. 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Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames es required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les csrtes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimis d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seui clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 -^r' ^6.^ /^t'u--U Diviston of PalaeotitolfiK}^ H. IW. Ami, COU, / / Seoarates fVcg^^^^r^^ \ C 6 -2.^ .^ 1 ir^. V ^ .. ■-- '^ !.> P NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES OF CANADA. [Extracted from the Geological ■Magazine, Sqitcnilun-, 1894.] London: Kegaw Paul, Tuevcii, Tki hn-eu & Co., Ltl., Piiternostcr House, Charing Cross Hoad, W.C. 1 • I i • • • • • ■•-• -• •• •/...• [Extracted from the Geolooioal Magazine, Decade IV. Vol. I. No. 3G3, p. 394, Sopteinbor, 1891.] Notes on tiik rr.EisTOCKNE of the Nouth-West Teukitoiues OF Canada, Noutu-West and West of Huoson Bay.' IJy J. iJriui TvuuELi,, M.\., 15. Sc, F.G.S. IN the extremp northernmost part of Cannda, lyinjij between North Liilitudcs r>iP iind (•)8° and West Tjon.^itndes 88" and 112°, is an area of about 4U0,()('O square miles, which had up to the past two years retnained g, Manitoba. The south-western half of the coiuitry traver.sed in tliese two summers is more or less thickly covered with coniferous forest, while the north-eastern half is devoid of trees, and is generally covered with stunted grasses or lichens. North of Cliurchill liiver the country is underlain by red and grey Laurentian granites and gneisses, willi a fairly persi.stent strike in a south-westerly direction. South of Lake Athaba.sca and Black River these Laurentian rocka are overlain by horizontal red sandstones and conglomerates, occa- sionally cut by trap dykes, which probably represent tlie Kewenawau sandstones of Lake Superioi", and are therefore of Cambrian age, tliough no fossils were found in tliem. Atiiabasca, Black, Wollaston, and Cree Lakes lie along the line of contact of these sandstoucs and the underlying Archaean rocks. The north shore of Lake Athabasca is composed of Laurentian gneiss, and ITiirouian quartzite, conglomerates, and schists, which in one place were found to be associated with a largo deposit of hci^matite. The country crossed from Lake Athabasca to Doobaunt Lake is underlain by Laurentian gneiss, which, however, is often hidden by extensive deposits of Boulder-clay. In one locality a small outline of unaltered fossiliferons Ordovician limestone was found, very similar in character to the white limestone of the Winnipeg Basin. On Doobaunt Lake the Kewenawan sandstones and congloin crates were again discovered, and the country lying between this lake and the head of Chesterfield Inlet was found to l)e largely underlain by these rocks. The north side of Chesterfield Inlet is generally red and grey Laurentian gneiss, while tho greater part of the shore of Hudson Bay for lot) miles south of the Inlet is composed of green Huronian schists cut by many cpiartz veins, and sprinkled through with particles of copper pyrites. The whole of this region shows abundant evidence of having been comparatively recently covered with a mantle of ice, and even ' rubii.shod liy iierniisi^ion of tlio Direct:)!' ol the (ji'iilduifal Survey ol' Cauada. 395 -/. B, T>jmll — Geological E^rploralion- to the present time Doobaunt Lake, the Inrgeat of the many hitherto utioxplon^d lakes throuay. Drnmlins or ridges of 'I'ill are alitiost everywhere found in the less rocky areas. Eskers are also common, either rising in high narrow elongated hills, or running as long stmdy ridges, keeping their courses, which tire jjarallel to the glacifil strife, over hills and through valleys and lakes (piite regardless of the surface contour of the country. Jn the more southern districts these are wooded with Ifirge white spruce, which rise conspicuously above the stunted bhick spruce on the surrounding low land. After the ice receded Irom the lower countr}' the land was about 400 feet below its ])resent level. On the lower side of a long jjortiige a short distance below Doobiuint Lake the first well-defined raised beach and terrace w.as seen, tuid froju that point all the w.ay down the river to Hudson l?tiy old strand lines could be seen on the sides of all the prominent hills. r ' in the North- West Terrifories of Ctniaih. am {/ A wliifo (|imHzito liill on .iio onst sido of Wlmrton Lalco 1ms tliree cli.stiiict ffravel torriicos or sliore-lities on its soutliorn side at heights of (!0, lOo, and l.">() fcot iihovo ( f]i6 " wu teP;) At the Ofist end of Aberdeen ^ Luke scarps, gravel, terraces, and ridgos extend np tlio hide of some hills of Koweiiawan conglomerate to the height of 290 feet, the total series here having the following heights in feet oTmve the water in the lake: 21)0, 220, IHO, 150, lOo, DO, and (50. On the sido of a quartzite hill at the oast end of Sehnlt/ is a well- marked gravel beach which the aneroid showed toHiave a height of 200 feet above that jako , probably the same as the 220 feet beach on Aberdeen Lake. Similar raised beaches are found in favourable localities all along the shore of Hudson Bay. These beaches indicate a gradual, though probably intermittent, rise of the land towards, or after the close of, the Glacial period ; and some, even among the oldest of them, look as now as if they had bc^en formed but yesterday, but it would seem that at Fort Churchill, and probably along the rest of the coast, the land and sea have reached conditions of compai'ative equilibrium. Some evidence on this })oint was coUerled near Fort Churchill, and espe- cially at Sloop's Cove, a little bay on the north side of the river, whore the ships of the Hudson Bay Company used occasionally to winter about the middle of last coitury. This spot was visitedon the 2'.)th of October and the 2nd of November of last year. The ice was in it then up to the level of an average spring tide, which had occurred two days before our first visit. The cove is forty i)accs wide and one hundred paces long, and on each sido are sniooth well-glaciated hills of green quartzite rising to about 25 feet above the ice. At the back is a grass-coverecl bar of sand and gravel, joining the two disconnected hills of rock, nnd separating the cove from a wide flat that is flooded at spring- tide. The height of the summit of this beach w.is seven feet and a half above the level of the ice, or about the level of extreme extra- ordinary high ti