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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiim^s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le ces: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmfo A das taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre raproduit en un seul clich6. ii est film6 d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'Images ntccssaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. '■" f t J,, ...... 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 mmmm PARAPHRx\SE^^^ O N PASSAGE I N SERMON PREACHED BY THE MoQ: Reverend Dr. MARK HAM, . Archbishop of YORK, BEFORE THE Society for Propagating the Go/pel^ On the 2ift of FEBRUARY, 1777; When it was cxpeded by the Perfons who bad advifed the American War, that the re- volted Colonies in America would foon be intirely fubdued, and reduced to the obedience of the Britilh Parliament. 11 A PARAPHRASE, &c. THE Paflage itfelf, which is here intended to be paraph rafed, is in thefe words. ** Our profpedls indeed have " been long dark. We may noii\ perhaps^ " difcover a ray of brightnefs. But for the " mitinuance and increafe of it we muJI re/v " on the wifdom of our Governours-, in confi- " dence that NeceJJity will at lajl provide (( (C cc C( thofe that the remedies dependance nominal. which Forefight did not ; of the colonies may be no longer nominal Andy jor our Spiritual interejisy we hope- the reafoning which was Jo jujl in the cafe of Canada y <" "That y if B C(C you [ * ] *'* \oi4 allowed their religion, you m^Jl allc^ *** a maintenance for their Clergy ,'' will be ** thought at leajl equally Jirong when it ** pleads for our own Church: that thofe " who are difpofcd to worjhip God in peace " and charity y may be thought entitled to a " regular and decent fupport for their mi^ " nijlen \—-that they may not continue to ** want the important ojice of Confirmation ; " without the benefit of which even a tolera» *' tion is not compleat-, — and thofe who have " a call to the miniflry may not be obliged to " feek ordination at an expence which is very " grievous i and with the hazards of a long " voyage which has been already fatal to ** many of them. We have furely a right " to expeBy that the only ejlablijlied Church " fiould not, againf all example, remain in " a ft ate of opprejjion, and that, whatever '* encouragements may be afforded, they ftsould " rather be for the profejjiug it than *! againft it. i if As Bwii I jTjtLwr '^rw^-ssiaa^ans^wWn [ 3 ] ** As to what relates to the delinquent s^ *' we, for our parts, Jlmild wijli to f..y\ '" Go, and Jin no more'" But the intercjis ** of great fates require fc curt ties that are ** not precarious,'* This paflage is exprefled in fmooth and plaulible language: but it contains a va- riety of mofl bitter propofitions. I pr> fume it may be fairly paraphrafed in the following manner. K -i " Our profpecfls of reducing the rebel " Americans to an unconditional fubmiA " lion' to the authority of the mother- ** country, fince the breaking out of the ** prefent troubles, have, till lately, been ** but gloomy. Their armies had invaded ** and reduced all Canada to their obedi- " ence, in the winter of the year 1775, ** except the fingle town of Que'beck ;— ^ <* and had blocked up General Howe, , ^ ^ *' wltU 4« i. [ 6 ] will be at an end. I'ben will be the time for confirming and rivetting the dominion of the mother country over thofe turbulent and ungrateful depend- encies, by making fuch wife and effec- tual civil regulations as (hall prevent a return of the prefent difturbances ;-— regulations which ought to have been made long ago by the government of Great -Britain, if that government had had a proper degree of forelight and attention to the feditious and republican principles that had long prevailed in thofe colonies, and to the miichiefs which thofe principles were likely one day to produce. They will, however^ be now made at lafl, iince the want of them has been fo fatally experienced. The dependance of thofe colonies on Great-Britain will be no longer nominal^ but real and ^rong and permanent^ in confequcnce of thefe new regulations ** which I f V 1 [ 7 1 " which Ncceflity will have taught the ■* Britifli government at length to clla* (( bliOi. ** What thefe regulations will be, can- ** not yet be known with certainty. But> *' from the meafures which the wifdom *' of Parliament has already adopted with ** refpe(5l to fome parts of North-Amc- ** rica, we may conjedlure that they will " not be very different from thefe that •* follow. « (( <( it i( cc (( it ** In the firfl place the democratical charters of Connedicut and Rhodc- Ifland (which veft in the people of thofe provinces the right of annually chufmg their own governours, councils, and alTemblies without any interference of the crown,) will be either totally aboli(hed, as abfurd and incompatible with the genius of the Britifli govern- (( mcr.t. ii Jl at any time, either add ** to, or take from, the faid council a great " number of members, whenever he fhall ** think the members already belonging to *• it not fufficiently attentive to the mainte- " nance of his royal prerogative. For this ** has been already done with refpedt to ** the new council cftabliihed in the " MalTachufet's Bay by the late judicious *' aa [ " ] '* ad for amending their cliarter, whkli •* was palled in the year 1774 by the ad- «« vice of the aforefaid great ftatefmen. ig to inte- r this a to the clous *' adl ** In the fourth place we may hope that '♦ all the judges and (herifFs, and other " officers of juftice In the feveral provin- " ces in America, will be made compleat- *< ly dependant on the crown, fo as to be ** both nominated by the king, and remove- ** able by him at his pleafure, inftead of ** either being eledled by the people (as ** they now are in fome of the colonies ** by virtue of their unfortunate charters,^ " or of being appointed by the crown in *^ a permanent manner, or during their <' lives or good behaviour, as the judges <* are appointed here in England. And at *< the fame time we may prefume that the <* Britifli parliament, or the crown,, will •* take care to increafe the falaries of thefe <* judges and other officers of juftire in C 2 ** every <€ €€ it €€ (t it €1 <€ « 4t U « [ lO every province, fo as to make their offi- ces become objedls of ambition and competition ^j all the mod able and adtive lawyers in the province, who will thereby be induced to vie with each other in duty and loyalty to the king's majcfty, and in zeal for the maintenance of his royal prerogative, in crder to ob- tain them. This will be a moft ufeful regulation, and cannot fail of producing the befl effeifls : and it has been already adopted in the important province of the Maflachufet's Bay with refpcdt to thef judges of the fuperiour court there. i J *' In the fifth place we may furely cx- ** pedl that the Britifh government will " greatly increafe the number of officers " employed in the colledion of the cuf- '* toms in America and in enforcing the ** execution of the laws of trade ampngft •• them, which have hitherto been ^noft i " (hamefully i I t-.R 13 «( (( << <( «( [ '3 1 Shamefully evaded. This will be doubly ufeful; inafmuch as it will not only tend to produce the juft and full execu- tion of thofe laws, but will create a new fet of perfons dependant. on the crown and difpofed to fupport its prerogative. This has already been done in fome de- gree by eredling the Board of CommiiV fioners of Cuftoms for North^Anierica, with handfome falaries of 500 1. a year apiece. But much more of the fame kind remains to be done in order to give this meafure its full aqd proper effedt* r - • <* In the fixth place it feems hy no means improbable that a mofl judicious piece of policy which has lately been adopted with refpedt to th^ great pro- vince of Quebeck, may be extended to the other provinces of North-America : :I mean the meafure of annexing a falary of lool. ilerling a year to the o^Hce of * ** a coun- it <( M it [ H ] a counfellor of the province, or member of its legiflative counciL For it is ob- vious that fuch a meafure, if extended to thofe other provinces, would greatly contribute to keep the members of the feveral councils of them in a habit of conAant fidelity and attachment to the interefts of the crown and of Great- Britain. I *t t( ct re- th« ent er* ent in- of ^^^•' the . s t ^7 ] tile (kid port-duties, which might hardly by themfelves be fufficient to defray the whole expcnce of folargeaneftablifliment. Such, for example, might be another ftamp-duty, upon the plan of that which was laid upon the Americans by the Bri- tifh parliament in the year 1765, and too haftily, and moft: unhappily, taken ofFitt the following year 1766 ; and which, by the confeflibn of the Americans them- felves, was the moft judicioUs internal tax that coiild be impofed upon them, if (fay they) it had been right to impofc any at all. This tax, thdrefore, might be again impofed upon the Americans; after the appeal to tho decifiori of the Almighty, which ihe Americans have made concerning the right of the BritiHi parliament to govern them, (hall have been determined againft them j as we may hope it will now foon be. And, if this tax fliould be again impofed D . '' on ' "i CI <( (( tl .*( t( (< <( f «8 ] on thcni, it will probably be ncceiTiirV to double the quantity of it, on account of ihc great txcd's of the expence of the new American cllablilhment, (which the rebellious condud of the Americans will have rendered necellary,) above that which was thought fullicient at the time of the foriiier liamp-a^it. i ;;:,-;• '1 /.' U ■' it (< r,- It << ti «( (( (( " Thcfe, and other fuch, mcafures will probably be thought by the Britilh par- liament to be the proper and neccflary remedies for the feditious diforders of America, and will, therefore, no doubt, be applied without delay, in order to prcferve a reijif and not a 7iomi?uil, de- pendancc of thofe colonics on Great- Britain. And thus the temporal affairs of that country will now fpeedily be arranged. Au-^y.. ** But what more Immediately demands ** the attention, and, no doubt, muftex- ♦* cite xcfltiry iccount I of the ich the ns will e that le time cs will Ih par- iccffary lers of doubt, der to tily de- Great- affairs lily be imands luft ex- ** cite 1 * cite the concern of the congregation * hero aflcmbled, is the J/a'r of rc/^ijs,'/ in ' thoic provinces ; which, ii mull b-' con- * felled, has hitherto been too Hale at- * tended to by tlie govcrninei.t of Great- * Britain, But now we may juilly hope * this fault will be repaired, and that fuch * meafures will be adopted, in fayour of * the pure and holy church of which wc * are members, as fliall effectually eftabllfh * and fupport it throughout all America, * Thefe, we may prefume, will be as fol- * lows. fi ** In the firfl: place parliament will now, " at laH:, eftablKh tythes, or Ibme other " legal payment, in the colonics of Amcri- " ca, for the maintenance of the clergy of ** the churcli of England th it are fettled «* in it. This feems io liii'hly reifonobic " that it is almort: a mattcrof ilrid julticc. " For it is no wore than vyhat has been D 2 " done <(( <(( [ 20 ] '* done in Canada, by the late Qucbeck-acff, " in favour of the clergy of the church of ** Rome, upon this equitable principle, «*' That, if the Britifh government allowed *" the religion of the Ronan-catholicks to *** be profe0ed in that province, (which, by the capitulation in 1760 and the " treaty of pence i4i '763, it fcemcd bound, "* in juftice to do) they muft alfo provide a maintenance for their priefts.'" ** Now, ** furely, the fame principle may be applied " to our own church, and will prove that, ** fince it is neceflary to allow the religion " of the church of England to be profeflcd ** in the other colonies of North- America, *' it is alfo neceflary to provide a maintc- ** nance for its minifters. ** Nor ought theie payments for the *• maintenance of the minifters of the ** church of England to be made only by " thofe pcrfons who are members of the ' ' *• church I 11 urch of inciplc, allowed •licks to [which, nd the 1 bound rovide a " Now, applied ve that, religion irofefled merica, malntc- for the of the only by ; of the church *^ church. This would oc much too nar- ** row a fund for the decent and honoucabhj " fupport of that denomination of proteftants " who may be called the only eftablijljed church ** in all America. In confequencc of thrs *• pre-eminence of our holy church above " all the fedarian perfuafions in religion, ** (which indeed arc but too frequent and ** numerous in thofe provinces, but which, •* in a legal confideration, are only tolerated " in them, ^ndinoteftablijhedt any more than " they are here in England,) it is fit and ** juft that a general contribution (hould " be made for the maintenance of its mi- ** niflers by all the inhabitants of America ** without diftindlion, even as here in Eng- " land prefbyterians, and quakers, and *♦ other dillenters from the eftablifhed " church are obliged to pay tythes to its " miniflcrs. For thofe who are difpofed ♦* to worfhip God in peace and charity, *< that is, the members of the church of " England, "1" w I ii I ; ! ¥ it it << ** In the fecond place, it may be hoped that the parliament will make ufe of the prefent glorious opportunity to ejiablijh biJJjops in America, This is a meafure of the utmoft confequence to both the laiety and the clergy of the church of England in Am^prica; to the laiety, that they may not want the impor*ant office of confirmation j without the be- nefit of which even a toleration of tiie church of Englauu is not compleat : and to the young men who devote them- felves to the miniftry of the gofpel, by affording them an opportunity of receiv- ing epifcopal ordination in the country in which they have been born and edu- cated, without being forced, (as they have been hitherto,) to come to England for that purpofe, at an expence which '* they ^^7T Xi t€ It (( ti t( <( i< it t( ({ <( (C it «( '.t ft *t tt ub]es, jproof, le wo- \jin m :c for^ it ne-^ uillity ; who g this i^e due ani(h- << <( [ 25 ] '* punifhment for their crimes by the k\\- " tence of thofe laws which they have fo " wantonly and atrocioufly violated. The ** mcnibers of the continental congrefs in ** particularj who have palTed the vote of " independance, and thereby themfelves " renounced, and inftigated their country- " men to renounce, the allegiance due to the king's facred majefty, mull be con- fidered as having offended beyond all ** hopes of mercy ; which, if it were ex- ** tended to offenders of that deep malig- nity, might be juftly cenlured as weak and dangerous and injurious to the pub- " lick welfare. For it would counter-adt ** the good effeds of the fucceffes with ** which God hath been pleifed to blefs our arms in this unhappy conteft, and would render precarious the future peace * and tranquillity of the American colonies; and the future authority of Great-Britain ** over them^ (by which alone that tran- B ** quillity it <( (( (t t( L 26 J " quilllty can be preferved,) by preventing ** the cxillcnce of the ftrongeft of all fecu- ** ritics for the continuance of thofe blefl- ** ing?, to wit, the terror ariling from the ** fight and memory of a fevere and exten- ** five execution of the laws againft thofe ** who liave fo wickedly overthrown them. ** Thefe very great offenders, therefore, — ** together with the principal members of ** the feveral provincial aflemblies, or con- ** ventions, that have ufurped the govern- ** ment of their refpedive provinces fince ** the general reiedion of his Majefty's law- *' ful authority, — we mull: now prepare " ourfelves to fee punilhed in the man- ** ner the laws dired:, in order to infure *' to future generations the advantages ** of peace and harmony between Great- " Britain and the American colonies, with ** a due fubordination of the latter to " the parental authority of the former, *' which, by God's bleffing on h> Ma- " jefty'fi ii .1 (! ! ! ■'.%., [ ?7 ] ** jefty's arms are likely now foon, to be *.< cftablifhtd." This I take to be a fair and moderate in- terpretation of the above-mentioned palT-'; , of the Archbifliop of York's fcrmon. The feven propofitions, or regulations, herein before (Uftin(SIy fet forth in the firft part of the foregoing paraphrafe, are thofe which I conceived, upon reading the faid paflage of that fermon, the archbifhop mufl have had in his mind at the time he wrote it, and would have fet forth and avowed, if he had been undec a neceffity of pointing out diftindlly ivhat thofi; remedies of the po- litical diforders in America were, which, he fays, Neceflity wUl now at laft provide, though Forefight did not. And I am confident that no American that reads that fermon, will conceive it to mean Icfs.— - And, as to the latter propofitions concern- ing the ilate of the ghurch of England! ^^ E 2 Ar.icricn, I i I 28 ] America, and the neceffity of eftablifliing, tythes there, or fome other legal and ge- neral, payments, (to be made by all the in- habitants of America, as well as by the members of the church of England,) for the maintenance of the clergy of the church of England, and likewife of edablifhing bifliops there;— I fay, as to thefe latter propolitions, they are exprefsly contained in the archbifhop's own words, which cani- not be made intelligible, or confident with themfelves, by any other interpretation. —^ Nor can the laft paragraph of the aforefaid pafTage of the archbifhop's fermon, in which he fays concifely, " Tbat the interefls of great Jiatcs require fecurities that are not precarious^'* be well fuppofed to have a lef« extenfive meaning than that which is above afcribed to it. . i : . There is alfo another very remarkable faflage in that fermon of the archbifliop of York, B I'ii ■It ^'1 I mA: 1 ! 29 1 York, which relates to a mod refpcdabk body of people here in England itfelf ; I mean the proteftant diflenters. Thefe peor pie have lb far incurred his grace's difplea- fure, by exprefling a difapprobation of the mcafur^s that have been taken againft Ame- rica, that be treats theni as the worft ene- mies of government, and declares that the fcvere laws which were formerly made againft papills in the reigns of queen Eliza- beth and king Jam?s I. in confequence of their frequent plots to dethrone and affaffi- nate the former, and of the famous gun- powder plot in the beginning of the reign of the latter, (by which they defigqed to dcftroy at once the king and both houfes of parliament,) ought now to be extended to thefc new, but equally dangerous, do- meftick enemies. The paflage in which this fentiment is conveyed, is in thefe words, " When a fe£i is ejlablijhed^ it ufu- •• ally becomes a party in the Jiate : it has t:l [ 30 ] ^* its intereJIs ; it has its animojities ; togi- '* ther with a fxjlem of civil opiniotis^ by ^* 'which it is dijlingiiified^ at leajl as much " as by its religious. Upon tbcfe opinions^ ^* ivhen contrary to the well-being of the com-r ** munityj the authority of the flat e is pro^ *< perly excrcijed. . a " The laws enabled againfi papijls have " been extremely jeverc : but they were not *< founded on any difference in religious fen- *' timents. The reajms upon which they went ** founded were purely political,. ,-i . t j.:: ** The papifis acknowledged a fovereignty ** different from that of the fiate ; and fome ^' of the opinions which they maintained made " it impofjihle for them to give any fecurity " for their obedience. . We are ufually go^ \* verned by traditional notions, and are apt " to receive the partialities and averfions of " our fathers; But new dangers may arije: . . ' ** and^ t 3« ] ** ^nd, if at any time another denomination " of men fimid be equally dangerous to our " civil intercjls, it would be jujiifiable to lay " them under fimilar rcjlraints"' ... 4 I prefiime it can hardly be doubted that the meaning of the lall fentence of this pafTage, when turned into ftill plainer Englilh, is as follows. " The prefbyte- ** rians and other proteftant diflenters of ** England are at this day as much ene- " mies to government, and as dangerous ♦* to our civil interefts, as the papifls ** were in the reigns of queen Elizabeth » ** and king James I. when thofe fevere ** laws were made againft them. There- ** fore it is now equally juft and nccefiary " to make the like laws againfl the faid " proteftant diflcntcrs. " This is a ftrange accufation to be brought againft that body of men in Eng- land [ 32 ] » » land who have, of all others, been mofi iiniformly and zealouily attached to the government of the princes of the houfe of Hanover, ever fince the firft moment of their acceffion to the throne of thefe king- doms ! — and for nd other crime but ex- prefling a difapprobation of the wild and dangerous projed of attempting to govern three millions of people, at the diftance bf three thoufaiid miles, in a manner they did not like, by means of a great army . compofed in part of hired foreigners ; — a projecft which was likely to be almofl equally pernicious to Great- Britain, whe- ther it did, or did notj fucceed. For, if it had fucceeded, it would have increafed the power and influence of the crown (which are already generally thought to be too great,) in fo great a degree as to have rendered the liberties of England itfelf pre- carious, or dependant on the perfonal cha- raftcr and virtues of the king upon the throne ; ;fe ^ .'♦•>« t 33 ] throne i and it would likewife have occafi* oned a prodigious additional annual expence to Great-Britain, to maintain the army which would have been necefTary to keep America in fubjedlion, after it had been fubdued ; — an expence which would have far exceeded all the taxes that could been raifed for that purpofe in America, toge- ther with all the profits that Great- Britain could have derived from the prefervation gnd monopoly of its trade. And, if if did not fucceed, (which was much tlio more likely event, and that which, we now fee and feel, has happened,) it was likely to be attended with the total lofs of th« colonies of North-America, (which would in fuch a cafe make themfclves independ^ ant of Great^Britain,) together witl) thai of the Weft^India iHands, and tli^ New* foundland fifhery, and, (in coniequence of thefe Iciles) with the diminution of our trade and maritime power, the derreaf^ F »i^ ut*^'' i! [ 3+ ] >.f the produce of the cuftoms and cxcife, the Icffcning of the fecurity of the natiohal ' debt, and the neccfTity, at the fame time, of continually laying on new taxes, which nuift, in fuch a ftate of things, be princi- pally levied upon the landed property of the kingdom. All thefe misfortunes, and more, were likely to be the confequence of the failure of fuccefs in this attempt to fiibjugatc America. And that this attempt would fail of fuccefs, was eafily forefeen, and publickly and repeatedly foretold, not only by many of the proteftant diiTcnters of the kingdom, but by numbers of people '" of other defcriptions in it, who thought it highly improbable that France (notwith- " (landing her profeflions of friendship and fidelity to her engagements with Great- Britain,) would forbear to interfere in favour of the colonies in one period or other of the difpute, in order to prevent the recon- ciliation and re-union af thofe two great members' Ji;i t 25 ] members of the Britiih empire, and (ta ufe Dr. Franklyn's expreilioji in his me- morial to the court of France in the autumn of the year 1777,) fo improve the iiiojl favour^ able opportunity that had ever been offered her, of humbling her mojl powerful and hereditary tnemy. And now the eveqt has lhew;i that this apprehenfion was bu( too well grounded. It oijght not therefore to be imputed as a crime to the proteAant diiTcnt:- ers of the kingdom, that they oppofed that impolitick fyftem of meafures which, they faw, was likely to bring ruin on the nation and deprive his Majcftyof a great and mod flourifhing part of his dominions ; — an4 much lefs ought it to be conf^dercd as a crime of fo deep a dye as to warrant the very fevere meafures, which the archbifliop recommends to be taken againft them, of treating them as a fet of people who, by principle, are enemies to the conftitutvoi\ of their country, and of extending to F 2 t^hcni If. ' it' I I [ 36 ] them, on that account, the laws formerly made againfl papifts. » -• • I - As for the other event of this attempt to fubjugatc America, I mean the fuccefs- ful one, the archbilhop himfelf has fur- nifhed all lovers of civi'J liberty with the moft fubftantial reafons for wifhing that it might not happen, by difplaying to them the fyftem of meafures which, he thinks, in that event, ought to have been, and would have been, adopted, by thole who dire A the publick counfelsof this natiwi, for the future regulation of America, to wit, the {)ftem vvbtch is contained in the firfl palTage above- recited from his grace's fermon, and of which I have ventured in the foregoing pages to furnifli the reader with a paraphrafe. For, if America had been perfedlly fubdued, and reduced, (as the faftiionable expreflion was,) to uncon- ditUnai fkbmij/mf and, Ir confequence of ' fuch '^^ I 37 J iuch reduAion, the aforefaid fyftian c§ meafurest (which are defcribed in the above paraphrafe^ and which I conceive (o hzic been thofe which the archbishop mud. have had in his eye when he preach^ that fer* inon>) had been adopted by |he Biritiih parliament j( , I mud freely confefs that I fhould have tt ought it a greater misfortune than even, the contrai^ andv morei proba* ble, events ^^ich ha¥ happened, ^itll alt the train of melancholy confe^u^rj^ es ^z% Teem likely to accompany it; fuch as the lofs ^f all our pofTeffions both in North- America and the Weil-Indies, together with that cf the Newfoundland fifliery (though fo valuable to us as a nurfery for feamei >) and that of Gibraltar and Mi- norca, and of all our poifeflions in Africa and the Eaft- Indies. Thefe, I acknow- ledge, are great misfortunes : but the lofs of the civil liberties of the nation, or their being rendered precarious and dependant mi^h perfonal charadler dnd virtue^ of the king for the tiiriC being, ' (which would ha^e been the confequerice of the iyftem ofJiheafurcs recommended by the arch- blfhop,) wouW be a much greater. And • 4.t >,i: ?\i >'J .•.•i'.0'i«^ • !Oi •J .' I ■7 t ■ ' .'.l .'■> i:i* ^'^ . Jj.*-;''* ' ' { . »- \ » •■ / ' I. 1 ) ♦: ..) the lid ;m h- id r* td U4. a47a/ ,,yj ■v^