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'' • ) WASHINGTON; PRINTBO AT THE UNION OFFICE. V On the rei Mr. YELj committee as Mr. Y. e& lie could coir what course qiicition. L own. He p man of the t own hod bee when the que never varied constituents i He was nn opportunity, agree with hi: (juecition, bu: lionor. lie each of the <^t conic out, in ti the proposed conr^e which safe one — no; ••ourse'was c( No doabt, on i would each d' gard to whti: whole House, Nor was h' this occasion i: man fiom ]V! Adams.] Hii of a poHticai times find our on questions c evidence th.ii i with him; hut opinion of tha fion, as soon a tienien had a i party attachm not to bo sus{ opposed to thi lously support* question wnul on which all cc was not inr,;in fxutily agree \ SPEECH. On the resolution giving the twelve months' notice fur the icniiinatiOH of the joint occitjioncy of the Oregon territory. Mr. YELL obtained the floor and lulJrossod ilic : committee as follows : j Mr. Y. paid he liad not the vanity to Kiippo.<;c| lie could convince any goiitlciiian of llie comiTiittt'tii what course they ought to | u-suc upon tl.is jicat' quc;:tion. He wa^ satiKftcd v. a ou;]r|it to lie hi^l own. He presumed the opiniu. *) of tvcry jii-nili;-' man of the Housu were differently made vi;>. Hi., j own hod teen for Bonie time. In fiict, it wad ro | when the question first camo up. lii.s mind haJ : never varied for ampmoDt, and happily for him, hi.^ cunsiitucnts always knew wlieic to fun! him. ' lie was much o^alified that lie luid for uwcr'. an ; opportunity, at least on one single qiitj^tion, to j agree with bifl whig friends. This was no p'"ili(ical ] question, bu: ona involving our niUionol intcre^i imd honor. He rc'p'ic.eA that gentlemen belonging to | each of the jrietit political parties of the coiuitry hud j come out, in rh'j most dcc:.'*ive manner, in luvor of; Ujc proposed notice, and were willing to adopt the , course which he coi>sidered the only propfr and ! safe one — no: that he had u confidence that their j coun-^Cwas correct because hn aijreed willi ihem. ; No doubt, on a ^rcat national question like thi.s, they , would each d^nde for themselves, without any re-i gard to what migiit be the opinion, either of the whole House, or of any particular member of it. Nor was ho at all uneasy in finding himself on thisocca&ion m company with the venerable gentle- 1 man fiom Massacliuaetts, ovec the way, [Mr.' AuAMH.] Hi:s conetituents would not su.-pect him of a political sin on that account. We some-j times find ourselves with strange bed-fellowf; and on question? of politics, it would be ",)!i»/irt /I/c'e"| evidence th.ii hu was wrong to he found voting; with with him; tun he wna rcudy at any time to take the opinion of thai gentleman on a great national ques-l fion, as soon as any mun's in the Union. Other gen- tlemen had a right to think m they pleased. His party attachments and his political integrity were not to bo suspected. Many good rfen»ocratK were opposed to this notice. Many decided v/higa zea- lously supported it. He sincerely hop;tlPinan from SouL'i Carolina was on tiji.- :?i;nie .side with the gentleman from Mddsachu.'ielt.i. In iHfiT. he continued th? same "iMaf/Jri.'i/" he had .idvorated in ISIH. The gentleman, howcvir, only went with the venerable gentleman from Mu .mi Itusetl,; as long as that gen- tleman would go with him: as isoon as ho came over I to the American side, of t! e nue.itioti. i't gentVma.t fell back, and, turning on his former friend, re- proaches him with going over to the democratic party. Mr. W«K)nwARD here rose to explain, which was rery imperfectly heard by the repcrter, (aa was al- so many of the rcmarku of ^Ir. Y.,) consequent upon the great confusion and conversation in the hail. Mr. Yell continued. The gentleman says that General Jackson pursued the same inactive policy; nnd he asks why the laws and jurisdiction of the United Stales were not extended ovef Oregon at that tine.'' The gentleman, to be sure, was too young at the time to know much about it; but the answer to his question is very easy. The laws of the Uni- ted States were not extended to Oregon, because there were thf>n no people in the territQry for the laws to operat's upon. The gentleman from Mas- sachusetts will tell him that th% same reason will ap- ply during his administration. So far us General Jackson was concerned, there was no inconsistency. If the territory had been peopled at that day to the extent it now is, no doubt he would have taken the same ground as we, who were his warm friends and supporters, now take. This charge, in the circumstances of the case, constitute the very reason why the gisntleman from Massachusetts, and why I,' go for giving this notice. Our citizens are there; they need de- fence; they emigrated there by thousands, and they have a right to demand our protection. Thousands more will go. This was not the'case in 1828, and. therefore the same necessity did not cxi9t for the extension of the laws over the territory. I leave the gentleman from Massachusetts and the gentle- man from South Carolina to settle the matter be- tween themselves. He went as far as General Jack- son did, and as far as all the Presidents before him nad gone; but he is now opposed to this new doc- trine of "masterly inactivity." The first question I have to settle with myself, is, h Oregon ours ? Bv the treaty of 17S3, between Great Britain and France, Great Britain abandon- ed all the country west of the Winspi river, and ceded it to France. She now sets up h«r claim, founded on the Nootka Sound convention of 1790; and it is under that convention that she now claims Oregon; and perhaps it is the most plausible — it is as follows: Convention between Great Britain and Spain, comfQonly called the Nootka treaty, signed !:28th October, 1790. The principal object of this treaty is contained in th 3d article; which is as foIloWs: .\at. 3. In order to strengthen th«! bonds of friendslvp, and to preserve in Tnture a perfect harnlony and good under- standing bet\^'een the two contracting parties, it. is ngreed tliat their riispeotivo siulijects shall not lie di8tuicd or mo- lested either in navigation or in carrying » ih3i no reiiervalion,or rXi;(ption ti^ai madt on Ihe part of trrmi Brilain, and thnt tht restoration of Jtttoria to the Unitril Stales IPOS complete and unconditional.*' ' In 1818, the convention of joint oecMPancy Was entered into; and it was renewed and indennitely extended in 1828; and at that time, the British min- ister admitted that Great Britain had no pretence to the sovereignty of the soil, as will be seen by ref- erence, o the articles of the convention, which are as follows^ viz: Concention between the Vniteil Sta'leo uf Jlmtrica and fiiml hritain, tisnid'at iMiidon, October '20, t818. "Aktk F.F. 2. It is igrred that a line drawn from thi: nioi!( northwestern point.of the Lake of the Woods, aloiip the fortv^ninth parallel of north latitude, or if th« said point* sholl net be iii the forty-ninth peirallel of north latitii(le.ij thon that a lino drawn Irom the said point due north or' south, HS the case may be, until the said line i^hall intersect the said paral.cl of north latitude, axhI from the point of such intcr/«ectiou due west along and with thi vaid pat-Allel,! sliull be the line of demarcation between tht< territoiieN of] the United States and those of his Bntanr.ic >Iujrsty; and that the sard line shall form the northern boundary of tht ' said territories of the United 8ti>tes, rad the southeTni bO'ii dary of the territories of his Britaiuiic Majtsty, (ioji> i.( Lake of the Woods tu the Stony mountaisr. "A«i..|. >'> either ward of tli I'ors, bays, '» the lani Ihe date ol ' esscU, cit 'Veil under tothepreju conirictino iry.riorshs power or St .lectoflheh tojreventd * vHiention "Akt. I. J '•ention cone and his .Majei Britain and I •uid they are tinuorf in fore of the said arl '^Rr. a. It contracting p time after tliS twelve month abrogate (hi, '•«rdfnply enti tionoflhesaii ,»-:-}«'•■'« N« «'rd article ol hereby rontini m any mannei tractinjr nartie ward 01 the Stc , If she hnd I none now. ' . Oregon. Iff title to Orego , T»«>ndenceof]l , whicii was n conclusive be still fully con ■ :^sorted to tht 'ar^ of Slate, May of doubl i venture to n a thousand, that is not con blunders in nr compromise, t part of the terr But Mr. Cai fiS. Nor has . Kilii.s debate sho ;«'his the pro vas intended, » •nei- administrai ^»f r. Polk, as wi *o the following " C W'heii 1 cameii _. t' nogotiiUion. ' '"'I th^f the Briti^ ^•^ned to any p„, s r'Dciple of publi tnce to uhiit li '('♦•f^'.ilJy i.u-ou.M. fJ l'e<-ri III, ice. nia l"ist the .(.ivsiio I in two of them "JonoltL., Coll,, •' bt'en CO mrncMJc ■0 be my , h-ii-yolthtTouiitr ' <«ttle ti)i. lonr ''♦|rBtipri \ivhL-b i «•: v,t r- to lad Lof 61, • li- ne- foe, uch and pori- iiain had [812-, 18 by it thv Dtiors- ir'vof r d..ted of ki'm tN f«"i- tCnti f" t, J B Ueont«, I, I Stales tatcs, tkf jnformily r*n unfraa lefinitely tish min- elcncc to m by ref- /hich are hi tb»' Dioft laloiif; thi: ItaU i>oiitt iiOrtli or 111 inletBttt Te point or lipitoi i*"" *' lory of tn (>♦•«> b*'i«p* (lOJit »)»' "Akl I. Uiit){ri>«il thiitany oouiUry ;)<:•! m«y bi lUinn J 'v>y either f^rly ontlic northw<.Mt coH'ricH, wf«t- ward of the Stony niountaiim, xhall. toi;*;tht-i \\ith it< har l>ora, bayi, and creeki, and the navic^atlenof alt river* with- in the lamc, be free and open for the term of ten y rarx Irom the date ol thu fif^natiin; of the pr«!«<>iit convention, to the Tca«cU, cltixeni, aai! mibjectii of thi- two power*: it belnK Hell undentood that thi* airreement i« not to tie coBRtriiod to the prejudice of any claim whirh either of the twohii(b contracting parties may have to any part of the lai'l noun- try, rior ihall it l>e talien to att'ect the claims of any other power or State to any part of the said conntr;; ; the only ob- ject of the high rontractin*^ purtiex. in thai Vt-spect. beini; to irarcDt dispute* and ditierences ainoni^ themkelven ' ( vuftntivn bfticnn Ihr I'nilid Stat'i an-l Grtat Urileiri. ligmed at lA»idon. tlu^utl U, IH.'T. "Aht. I. All the provinions of thu third article i>f the con- vention coacludud betwifen thi; I'nited MtDtcH of America and bin Majeaty the King of the United Kingilom of irrent Britain and Ireland, on tne -Mth of October, IHI8, Nhall be, .lad tbey are horebv, further indetinilely extended and con- tinuod in force, in the .samt- manner aa if ail the provinion* «if the said article were herein specifically recited. "Akt. 'i. It shall be competent, however, to either of the contracting parties, in case eit* ? r should think lit. iit iiny time after the 'iOth October, \»iH, on giviiif^ due notice of twelve monthii to thu other contrni'tinK p^rty, to annul and iiibr«Kate this eonvention: ard it shall, in xuch ra«*', hf ac rvrdin^ly entirely annulled and abrogated, alter the exp^ra- tic a of the said tei-ro of notice. /Art. 3. Nothing contained in thi:< convention, or i'l thu third article of the convention of thi- 20tli October, I8IS, hereby continued in force, shall be construed I. > impair, or m any manner ati'ect, the claims which cither >if Ibi- cou- tractinij narties may have to any pait ol tb>- cuuntiy west- ward ot tnc Stony or llocky mo>intaiiiK.'' If she bad no right to it then, she ccruiinly has none now. Yet she pretends to the sovereignty in Oregon. If (said Mr. Y.) I had douhtx as to our title to Oregon, i would have gone to the corres- ytondence of Mr. Calhoun with the British minister, whicii was marked by his usual al>iiity, and was conclusive beyond n reasonable doul)t. And not still fully convinced, (said Mr. Y..) I would have resorted to that of the able and distinguished Secre- tary of State, who has placed it beyond the possi- bility of doubt. I venture to say that there is not one individual in a thousand, who has read that correspondence, that is not convinced by it. It is po.ssible, that by blunders in negotiations in former propositions to ompromise, this government may have give up a part of the territory. I ask why this line of 49 is proponed' Where is the claim or title that fixpN that line as the true boundary.' Or where is the plausible reaaun given by Great Britain for the Columbia as the proper and true boundary.' There is none, sir, that i have heard offered, except that two preceding adminis- trations had offered to compromise at 49, and that therefore we were in good faith bound to accept it now, if oflfered. To that I have only to remark, that if our title to the country was clear and indis- putable, the government had no right or authority to <-ede it away; anda.tner honorably or equitably bound now to accept it if •flTcred. Our title to Oregon is not weak- ened by the offer or rejection. I am sure the Pres- ident will nA renew the proposition; and if it should bi^ made by (ireat Britain, I have confidence enough in the administration and the Senate to believe that ihf. interests and honor of the country will be main- tained. If we 'riaim by contiguity, or by Spanish title, there in no reason for settling nt 49^, or at the Co- lumbiu river, save on piinciple of compromise mere- ly; there can be no other ground for .selecting that line. I tell gentlemen now that they may settle thi boundary, but they never will unless they give this notice; every thing depend.s upon it. Give the no- tice, and you will settle your boundary; neglect to give it, and you will be begging and supplicating Great Britain for years to come to do that which you have a right yourselves to do, without giving offence. We might a.') well meet the question now, and .settle it at once; delay will only endanger the peace of tlie country. Mr. Y. said, I now predic, if this notice is not given, which 1 lieiicve to be a peaceful measure, and will result in an amicable adjustment of idl our diiR- culties upon the subject, I tell this committee that the people at the next election will settle it for them- .selves; that they will come u{xin you like an ava- lanche, and demand the whole of Oregon up to 54° 40'. And they will not only extend your laws over the country, but they will take possession of it even nt the hazard of a war; and if that policy in pursu- ed, it needs no prophet to foretell that war is inevita- ble. Then, I say to the peac< / ni>: r"-''lf'-'!^''«rs, and could, forcibly if we must. rvas intended, and made, merely in respect to for-icsceam tnet-rcsiueni.s oner to •ner administrations, as is fully and fairly .stated by I '^^K excused him, under the :\!r. Polk, as will be better understood by reference ^'^«y ""^^ If;^' ^'''^^ X"" ,"»^^' "«' ho the following extract from his message. i . . ^ ^"^. ^'"'"S <". I^V V^<= '^^}^. •fuce to whiit liaci Iiceii .one bj my pre.lecesiiors, and lieeiiilly inounsi'li.'nuion llial pniiio^ilioiis ot eomproniise A been tlirice made by two precciling a'lmini<=trations, to i'ust the i|neslion on the parallel of birty-nine ilcgrccs, I in two oftliem yieldiui; to (ireal Kiitain the fn-c n.ivi- 'lUonoftbe C'oliiinl.Ma. and th:it tin- pt'n>li:i.u° mi^otiation • I iH'eii comnieiici!il on the basis ofcoinpnwiiis,-. I I'rcnu'.l '.0 be my duty not iiliniptlv tol'ii-ak it oil. In considcru- •i, too, th;U under the conventions ol I'JI^i anil IS->7, tbi.' ./ens and subject*: of the two powirs IkI ! n jOint con- t^py ol tliecountrj , I was in«luced in inanf .luothrr ctt'ort *«ttle thi^ lone" pending controversy in the spirit ol Jeraticti wUlv-ij iia^i jrivci) tijrtb to the renewed disru-- i[ui i ii J When once I ara satisfied <>)' my rights, I will in- sist upon havinj^ them; and if Great Britain should Jdecbre war in twenty-four hours, let her doit; : rather than a pucritke of interesi or honor, let the ] war come. We have whippo.J hf r twice, and we ' can whip her again. Mr. Y. said we were told tiia; the question waa one in which seclional feelings were brought to bear — that the Wii>t v/tm pressing thi.s matter, as if she alone was interested. Nut so. sir: the West Icjiowa hor ri^hta, *'and knowing', wilt dare matri- lain them/' And whether the in now able to enforce her claim, in common with the balance of thii Ujibn to Oregon, ia a matttT of doubt that will not deter hur from a bold and i.idepcndent expression of her claims and her wrongs. Mr. Chairman, some gentlemen know but little of the wealth, value, ana n^nourcca of that empire, t^ valley of the Missisaippi, whose inhabitants are honest, mdustrioua, bravR, and patriotic; und whose population, after 1850, Will be able to demand their ligntd upon thiu floor. With the exception of the grant or 500,000 acrcfi of the public lands to the Bcw States, for the purposes of of internal improve- BMint, we are Htrangcra to Lhe public trea^ry. f A v«ic(;. That was a whi|^ Congress.] Vcs, sir, it was; and 1 will not deny them that credit which id due to them — such credits urc so rare that they should not be withheld when duo. But, Mr. Y. tiaid, that in bestowing that donation they had fallen 540,000 ucres short of what had been granted to Ohio for similar objects. With all tbiH boasted liberality, my slate is minus 540,000 acicM; and I r.ow give notice, I shall, before the close of the prrsent scssicm, propose some ineas- urc to place her on an equal footing with the Stale of Ohio, in fail, 1 will tell my people to be quiet till 1850, when she will have a representation on this floor who will be Me to ask for justice and to enforce it; the .snml! pittance wliich has* been ex- pended in lhe valley of lhe Miaslsaippi, we will give you credit for, but we will present a lon^"? and large cccouiit for "back rarinns." Mr. Y. said the Wcat, and those in '""vo'- of the nolir.o, hud been dcrioniinated by sor; 'leman as the tfarpar/i/, end they designate ?' .es as thep;«f;; jtarly. At liome, 1 am conni'uCtn^ a •mow of peace — .so are my coiiEtituents; but not at the Kac- rjficc of honor. "War. pestilence, and famine," sooner than dishonor. If they mean to njiimilate the war and peace partiot? of the pre.sotit day vviih those of the revolution, and the lawt war, 1 glory in the appellation. Did o; ;• forefdlhers in tlic revolu- tion count the cosit of a war v.ith Eng!aiid, when wc Avcre but a handful, and v.'.'.!. out luoney or itiuniiions of war? Did they ask what tha war would cost us to battle against the mother country, who was enforcini^ upon the colony taxation without representation? Did they ask or count the cost when ourgallant sires throw the lea overboard at Boston, and refused to drink it, because it wasunjustly forced Uf>on them.' No, sir; the only inquiry was — Are the col- onics wron^d, und we oppressed by unwholesome and unjust laws.' The question being answered in the affirmative, we find the Adamses, and the Hiui* cockp, and legions of others march up to the quss lion and meet it like men and like patriots. Mr. Y. said there was a pcuee parly in 1(313 and during the laat war. We heard their opposition to the war from the halls of Congress and from the holy sanc- tuary. The peace narly during the last war abused the administration tor getting into the war, and their opposition was so violent against the war party that they described James Madison, John Holmes, Felix Grundy, and the d 1, as tho leaders of the war party, and called down imprecations upon them for their defeiirc of the rights and interests of the country, for voting supplies for the nrmy, and men and nicana to defend the country. God forbid that I should ever belong to Huch a peace party. I hope there iifi nunc such at the prcKcnt day. Mr. Y. fcnid we were told that wc were not pre- pared for war, because we have no generals to lead ua to victory. Sir, we have the heroes cf Chip- pewa, of Erie, and of i!i;u!dutiky. We have men and arnia, upwards of 4,01)0 pieces of ordnance, und 600,000 small arms, und 1,800,000 militia, with a comnniuider-in-chief who, in un engu^tmcnt in a ni^ht attacU, siiowcd ilia plume by tlio blaz'j of the enemy 'a fire. Wc have »^iill our Croi^'ians, our Joneses, our Jesnpa, our Towiions, and others not less ft3'.inguif| a "surrcndtrof our rights; and if it should come, ij say '■Lay o'A MaciIiJi!'. A.. ) .)jr.i:i.il lo he U.;it tir.st iiitt holt', i iioiigh." fSrs mfim