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(Hiiid M.i\ ■^K 1s!k; ■I liV I II a rr|Mi|-| hy Ihr wnlfi' dn a |iu|-ii t ilic lioi-kN' .Moiiiilaiii |irii|ni-. CI ini|ii'isfi| 111 t wcfii latitmlrv 1:1 and ."• 1 ;;o'. llic I n||i)\\ 111^- rtrniirk> •111'.' rt't'i'ri'iii^- |pai'ticiilarly In the \cais Is^;; aii'l 1S<| : — •■ l'".\ i'iciirc ol' a I'l'tiiai'kalilf ciiafactci' lia- ln'cn I'muikI. wliicli nc'ius til -.liciw liial a siimt'what raiiiil iiui'tasc in tlir loial aiiiiiial iir t'ciiMlatMn, ha- tai'cn |i!aii' iluriiiu' lal<' yrar-. anil ilrsci'\ !■> lo he I'ccoi'ilcii licrc. '!' cviilcnii' rclriTcil In I- thai atlnnlnl liy llir ahnnftiial liriL;-|it id' >n:all laki'-;. willioiit (iiitlc'i-,, (ici-ni'i'ihi;- in I'l-ii'inn^ rliafartri'i/,cd li\' nmrainc liilN. 'I'lir^f ■-(•.■\i' a> natural :,^■^Ui;^-. Imt in'-irad id' nica^urin!:,' llir ai-tiiai I'aint'all, L;i\ !■ a rr-ult i|t'|irndrni un t lii> and I he luuiitfrai't in^;- idlfcl id" (■\ a I 111 cat i "11, 'I' he alinui-niai i|ia ratlfr nf t In' i'i>r nl' water in tlic-r lakes i> --iiiiwn iiy till' tart ihai it lia> killrd a I'fli i<\' irrc-, -unn' of lar"-f si/c and at li'a>t till \ vrar^ in ai ailing- |lart-^ uf t ir MiarL;'lll> III' ^iinii' nl' I d!//. /../m/./,/ /'-iz/./A/m- ) and tlir \Tllt line ( /' I II 'IS /'lllh/l /■ii>./ 1 -till' latter ni'\cr naturally ^'rnwiiii ('\rn in dain|> ^iiil lia\i' ln'rii I'liund in nuniln'rs tliiis kilinl. 1' 11 Ildlllnll id I III In liiiu^ I hal I lii'\- lia\ r lii'i'ii killfd wiiliin a irw vears. and I lirir si/r indirate^ tli: t the wahu''^ nf the lakr^ in (|iir-.iiiin liave nnl lieeii llir any (■oiisidrral'li- lime diiriiiir a |>eriiid nl lilt \- year- or iimre. at t he |ire--euf lliirh level. The-e -Iim rvations were iiiade lint h in l^'S.iand Is-l. 'I'l akelei- (di.-er\ei| in 111' -11 alleeted were nuniernii-. am le ~eal I ereij 1 i\el' a liell lit' eniint \\ almie- I le wi-lern part of I he raiii ;e tnf a lell: rl h ii{' aliiuit 1 to iiiile.>< : I liree nl I lie pri iiei pa I 1 1 i-t riet s in u liiel lieilli;- the 'rnliaeeip riains. tiie Knnlailie \' I >Ui li lael> W ere nnte llle\- I el w een the l,u--iel' IJiver and head nf ( 'nliiiiiliia Lake, and lln' iipju'r \alU'\ of the Knniaiiie. 1 the niniil h of I hi- \'erilliliiill, " It wa- I'lirllier re-nrd lear that Illnst nl' tile Miiall -Ireai II- llnwini; -Iward Iroiii the ifneky .Moimlain-" in tiu'siiiie re^•ill|l. >iioW('i| >i;;ns of '.xee—ively ilea', y lli 101 1 Uii I el' ii, I iie ea I'i V pa it nt ihexcar JSsr •■ Ti n.-^ eVldeUee Wa-nr-Ueii a ehaiaetel' 111 I'lialinll In I rce- 111' o-reat a^e ullieil liad heeii underiniiied. and helts nl' wniiil liii'iiu^-li wiiieii I iie wali'riiad iiisiied wilh '.'va-lalin^^ Inree. tiial 1 was led in I inuld lia\e neeurred t'nr litl\ or a hundieil \' 11 . e lln ■^iiell Hood ear- prevmii-lv Aiiiiiial lii'pei't, (li'ul. Siir\ . Can., l^.^-.'i, p. :tj it. f 160 ROYAI. SOCIKTY (>K (A XA I>A 111 I he c-iini'S( dt' ii't'.il<>u'ic;il wurk ciirniil un in ilir ■-(i\it liii-ii |iii'i ni' tlio Inlri'iiii' rialfaii of llriii-li ( 'nluiiiliia, |ini-liciilar!y in tin' yrai'- ISsS, l.^s'.t ami IS'.tU, tt> till' wi'-l ol' llif irii'inii ai"'\r alliidcil in, lull HI similar lalitmK'-^. miicli I'lirtlu'r t'\ idem <• n\' t lir ^aiiK' kin I aiiil |H)Ssi'>>.iiiL:- a -imiiai' sii^'iiiru-aiicc lia^ liccii tnuinl. 'I'lii-. imlciMl. i- si iinix'-r-allN mrt uilii wlirri' i-irruiiislaur('s la\ mil aMr tn its nlisri'val iui iMriir. ihal 1 will rilr (inl\ a ti'W of I lit' mure mraMi' i-asi'>. in a li'i'Ih'imI w a\ . m 'H'lliT in rcii'liT its characli'i' nliviniis. 1. Ill ihc aiii^'K' liftwi'fii llu' main ■i'linm|i-., in IJivrr aii'i i'^ iinrlli liraiirli. lint rartrmn KaiiiliM'|is. i^ a irart nl' rai Iht Inw lj'im-. rnvrrrilliiiU. liii'iniiii;' an fXii'llrnl latlii' rani:'!' aii'l rnntainintf in ils liiijluws many small laki's ami |iiimls wiili.mi niiticl. Several n{' ikcsrarr tVim^i'il liy ilrad irci's, ciiiniirisiiiH; as|H'n |iii|ilars iwciily yrafs or iiinrr oM ami a t'l'W >]ici-iiiiriis iif \.'lki\\ |iinc Inrty m- lil'ly yrai's nt' ai;'!' 'I'lir waicf was staiiilim^' al'i'iit i lu'ir nmis in ( )chilicr. l>ss. ;.||,i it w as i hm rs| imairil i hal tin- li'i'i's had 1 n (lead I'm' livf m' si\ yrar-, '2 Till' |iniiit lit' ci|u'ii |iiati'an lii'iwi'rii Sinnip l.aki' and hmiiidas I.akf, is siunrw lial similar in i-l;araiti'i' in lln- las|. ilmnvli with Icwcr lakis and ]innds. \ rv\ idrar i'\ idriin' ni' I 111- s;inir kind was Ihti- seen in a lake aimiit iliiTi' inilis imri li nt' i>nuo-l;i^ l,aki\ w hirli is l.nrdcri'd lp\ (Irad li'rrsal least t w mty \ rars nf au'i'. Inii'i'l Iht w il li many la i-i:;i', drad. willn\\ luislii's. 'Till' s|;tlc n| till' drad Wnnij 1,m| In ijii' ml 1 1 | llsinii . as lliilrd al llli' tillU'. that lllrsr liad imt lu'i'li kilK'd innri- lliall Im nf less t hail ti\i' NTai's hclni'r. ll aKn a |i|ii'ari'd Ihal I In ii' was In re sniiie rvidriicc to sjiiiw thai till' wall r had, Ini' a yrai' iii- I w n. lin-n aijain dr.i rasin:^' (doth .inly, l^^'.t) :!. The < ii'iTii Tim hi T I'lali'an. \\ ith an i-h \aiiiin nl almiit 1. 1 mmi rrd. sitnali-d In I hi' iinrt h dl' • 'hnlnii. rniisi-t- jiail ly n| w nnd land and |ia rl ly nl natural mi'adnws ni- jirairirs ni' small sj/c, and is rharaiti rizni liy vi'i'V niiini'iniis laki's and [iniids. innsi nt' whnli have nn niuli'is and aii- mnic nr less di>tiiiil ly saline Many 'd' ihi'sr an- lini'drrcii hy /mirs n| drad liTi's. killed li\' liie rise it\' water in I he laki's, as in the Inninr eases. In <»etniier. iS^'.l. it W as le it id I ha I mnsl nf 1 he I rees a|i|iea red In ha\ e heell dead I'lir IWn, thl'i'e 111' lllnfe Xeal's while a lew had heen killed in till' lii'i'iediiiL:' \ ear. .M.snilial in l hesi- lakes i he walei had fallen in ils.ild linl'lnal le\e|. nl' lieal'i\' sn, al I in' ilale aluWe melillnneil, the deerease fri'lll its jiiMln's! |inilil lieiliM- ill Slime illslaliei's as mm ll a- leli teel. 1. Lake In the east nl' I'lill'lll lllilet'l'eek 111 I'ass \'alley. Thislui^e, witlinllt nllllel. is an'aill linldeled li\' dead trees >u 1 1 n nt' wilieil Wei'l' est ill la ted as lieina' nt fnlM \ \ ears Lll'nW I h. I lie I'nnts (\{' I hl'se I I'lM- W il'e nli>erved In In' st i|| llnndi'd ill ( letnlier. l^S!! ait hnllli'll it 111 i^' hi I le s| 1 1 , j „ i.,,.,! that I he w alei' nf tiie lakes ^re lie rally si ml lid in I iia! iimnt h he imi far Imm its animal minimum. ."). One of the little lakes in the valley I'linniiii;- imrl h west ward Imm till' head >i[' ( )lvaiiai,^aii Lake was imted, in < )eloiii'i'. l.^'.Mi. as e.viiihitinu- a ML I SKCri.AH CLIMA'I'IC CIIANdKS 161 [<;. M. 1) wvsiiS I >iiiiilar lViiiL!:t' lit' (Iciiil uiidil. Al llir ilatf incnliuiiril llic WiUci' sIikmI luw.'i' lliaii ill'' rout- iif llic tree- wliicli IkhI I odi killnl. 'I lie !lliii\r MTi' olilv a t't'W sclcctril i list ai Hcs. i li wllicll llic I'ilCIIIII- -.taiirr- M'cm to I'l' i|nitc mH'\cc|iliunal)lt'. ami Micli a- In rainier I lie diai'- arter Mj I hr (A iiii'iicc iiii'l nil h <'li'ai-. All lin' lakf> aiiil |iiii)j-, almvc iiifii- liniK'ij lia\r iiu dill iImw. anil iiiii>l In- (ii>tii:n'ui>licil iVniii miiiu'niiis cax's of laki- ill wliirli till' natural oiillrt lias lircii inlfrt'frcil witli Ity licavi'i'- ilani>. airiimiilatiiins ul' ilrit't wnml. ny nt lirr\vi>i'. Stiiiii|i I ,akr. -it iiatiil al'iMit thirty iiiik's sdiitii nt' l\an:lffiiis caiialilf I'l atlDi'iiinL;' -min' tiirtlirr rviilciici' mi tlir m'nrral i|iii'-liiiii nl' i-liiiiatir iliaiiizT-. 'I'lii- lake aiiil it- featiin's are Miinewiial tully re- IciTeil Id ill iii\ re|Hirt nf wmk iknie ill 1>7T.' ainl llie main faets need I iieiefiire here akille he linled. The lake i- ahiMll ti\e mile- ill klm'th, u ii li a hreaill h nt' I'lnni halt a mile In a mile, and i- I here fnre larirer than an v lit' t he lake- I'l' 111 111(1- ahii\e I'll'i'l'reil lie It iMiMl|)ic- t he lull 1 1 nil I it one id the ejiaraitei i-lie u ide \ alle\ - li\ w hii h I Id- part nf t he I nterinr I'laleaii is lra\er-ed, with a heili'hl nt ahnllt "J. l.")'! leet ah"\e -ea level, and di-- eharu^e- at the preseiil lime hy a -mall -treaiii w hii ii reaehe-llie iinrlli end I'l' N'ienla Lake, ll--ii|i|ily id' water i- deris'ed in part trmii the immediateU' huideriiii;- -hipr- ut the valley, hiil eliietly rmin twn -mall hi'iiuk-. w iiii h enter its Hurt hern end I'mmthe plaleaii in llie ea-twanl. The name n| t he lalM'. w iiieli a|i|iear- nii ma|i- at lea-l a- Imii;- aijna- is.")'.!.-' 1 IJciiiiri ut I'muri's-. (Icol. Siirv . Can., isTT 7s. p. "JH H. ' l,inli- inrurinii imi i-.iii in lurl iiiiiiti-lv In' ^Mtlicicil t'l'uni tin- uiilcr iii!i|i- nf I lie rcuinii. All i'\aiiiiii;ii imi ol' -on if m' i liiv-c lia- altnrileil | lie I'liljuw ini; rr-iill - : Islii. .Map .HI Miii[iaii.\ 111^: " .Nnrl li« e-l Cua-I ul' Nmlli .\ iiici ua," !>'. ( iiciiliii\\ . Nuliiiii-j ilflhiilel.v rci'iiLCiii/.alilf a- Sluiii|i Lake. Isll. .\la;> in I'.S. l'.'\|ili)riii,LC l',\pei|il ion viilmiic-. Sliou- a lake wliirli iiia\ lie iiiliiiiii'il I'm- M iiiiip Lake, di-- eliar^'iu'j; III .N'li'iila Lake. |S|1. Not -Imsvii mi Ihillul ilii .Mnrlta-' map. Islti. \p pareiill) liiiliialiil mi map aeidinpaiiv ili>r "" !.'( Mi ;.ri'ii ' liy .M . I'ili\: -tieaiiis eomieil w li.il ma\ lie .^1 iiinp Lake iiulli \\ itii I lie I'liiiinp-mi In I lie iimi li ami .\ leiila Lake 111 I lie -mull. Iiiit l lie liiiliiMl imis ai e \fi\ iiiieeilaiii. 1S")(I. .Nul it (■u.uiii/al.le mi .ViTiiwMiillir- map 111 I 111- lial e, lint in tin-, a- In I In- |i I'l'i/oiiiLr iii.ip-. llie seali- i- I mi small anil I ln' uin-rrapliie.il ilala t'ur I lie renii ni in ipie-i imi Inn inai riir.ile, in nialile aii> ilelinilf i nneliisimi- lu lie iliiiwn. lS."i!l. I miiiii iiuier 1!. ( '. Ma\iie. I! N.. in an iieemiiil (if ,1 .jminn'v made liy liiin in Ilii- year de-i-i-ilii'- •'.Siunip Lake nv Lakr llaillea a- il i- e.illeil lis tile lielian-" (.Imiiii, l!i>\al (ieiii^. .'-^nr., vol. \\\i.. p. L'l.'il jiiviiin I lie ilinii-n-imi- a- li mile- Imnj; l>y I tn I ' \\ iile : a fairl> rma'eet appfii\iiiial imi tu f- pre-rnt -i/e. IMII. Sim w n n iiiiiT it - pi'e-riil ii.inie, ami w it li mil l!i iw IcN'ienla Lake, on map faeiiii; p.i^'' -I:i .Innni. Koxal (ii'iiir. Sue., vnl. \\\iii. l.Sii'. .Mayiie iin in.'i[i .leemnpanN iiit; lii- " l''iiiir Near- in Miil i-li t 'nlnniliia," -Imw - t lio lake a- in llie 111-! i|U\\ t\ under mime Stnmp Lake, lint without outlet, on map in ■" N'anemn it l-l,ind and Uriti-li Coliimliia " liy .M. Maclie. isiis. Show n, lis in last cisc, on map aei'mnpiinyini; pajier liy A. \\ iiddinvjton. .Imiin. l{o\al (ieoi.'. .Soc. vol. vxw iii. 1(32 KdVAI. SIH'IKTY ttl' CWAl' A is ilfi'ivi'il ti'inii tlif !;ici ili:ii ii> lii'r.lrr^ Mini -cmc |i;ir1 "t its l.cil ai'i' cliuractrri/.t'il liy an uliiiinlaiuc uliiiu'ri;('l -tu nips ami pio-l fate I runks ot'irco-, cliictly llm-i' ol' /'inn> ^/(,//,/, ,-..>,< I \\a> inlnniuil li}' Iiplians, in 1S77, ili;it -oinc aiuoni;- llicni >liil living. i"iili| nnn'inl'iT a linn' \\\\>\\ 11(1 lake rxisti'ij in l iiis pai'l o\ the \ alli'_\ . " Tlir l^w cr I'nd nl I lir lake is .-hallow anidi'- ImiI thai in'u uivinu' i^-Uf In llic si ream, slmwini;' I iial \\i< Ioi'mut ilianurl in ;i ditlfVfiil dii'i'i'lion i- pn-. >ili|c," Till' iMiilft Ii;id lici'ii -liLililly dii'iuaifd a I'l i licia 1 1 \ a \r\\ \cars liid'ciri' llic dalf 111' my tif-t \i-il. at a linif w ln'U llir w aicr i \\ hi' li i- ('Mi|ili>\i'd I'M' jiur|Hi-f-. nt' i rri^;:!! i"ii in llir hiwrr \allt\ i had riir^niur rca-N(iii cra-rd III ikiw Thi' r\i-icncc nt' a K'di^r id hai'd kh k-. hcwixri, I'cnih'l'fd 11 ini|iii>si hli'. wiliinllt li|a>-lini;'. In i|rc|irll ihr nulicl inUfll. Ill 1 ">'.lil, I t'niiiid. nil ai^ain vi-iliiiij,- l in' niilifl , 1 iial an all' iiipl lia'i liccii inadr In dam 1 111' lake, lull had I'-cii ahainlnni'd. and lln' dam w a - cnmiilcli'ls hrnivi'll llll''iUL;h. .\n cviilrliir W a - Iniilpl n|| cilhrl' nri;|--in|l nj h I L'' h walfi' marks, ni her 1 hall -liii'lil 1 I'ai'i'-- -mh a* iiiiLi'hl hr ariniinii'il tnr hy annuai -'■a-nnal i haiiii'i's. luil in 1^77 | ^aii-iicl mv-i'll'lhal I lu rxisinirc 111 an niiih'i In iln' laki' w a-- a c.im paral i\ <'1\ rci-riil r\inl. Ii\ lln- Iniinw- ini;- nl.v(.r\ al inn ■ A -hn|-i ili-ian ci' lif\ niid I he ai I iial mil K'l 'd I hi' hike, >liim|is nt' ilic nr'iinarv ydlnw |iinr ( /', /. ";//./•'..•.,/ i :\w rniind in ihr hi''l |irinL;'. I h'' \alK'\' nnw raiT\ iii:^' lli-- hrn 'k mu^l liav<' Ih'cii nf this nalK.'i' at 1 ln' liiiH' lln' I n'f> llnii I'i-hfd. a ml I hi-, in it sell', w niihl -hnw ni her that ihi' laki- di'l imi r\is| at llu' liiiH' nr ihal im walrf llnui'd Irniii il. TIk' (■in-iiiii-laiirr- -hnw I hat lln' mil nial 'lis'i'i'-inii n|' i In- -I rfani- I'l'f. liii^' i1r' laki' i- imt ]in-.-ili|i',' ill m\- i'c|inii alin\i' lilcd, and dcaliiii^' with thi- a- an i-nlalcl ca-i', I ^i|u'o-,..i,.(l that llii' |in-sihli' -I ipiiau'i' nt -niiic -iilit''ia-aii<'an drainau'i'- • dianiifl iniiiht I'Xiilaiii lln' I'xistriicr nl' the lakr, hut in view nf ilu' Tart- -im-i' nl.^rr\i''l and in ih'' ah-fiim n|' any priHit nf -indi a idiaiiiiid, il iniw a|i|irai'- In nil' iiin;'i' |ii-nliahli' that Siiim|i Lak^ iiiav he ai-ii jili'd as aiinthiT in-taiirr n| a li'rin'ral rliani:'!' in climalir cniidit inii-. The circiim-taiirc-. it is I nir, an- -niin'W hai nini'' rnni)'lii-alfd t iiaii I hn-c in t hr cast's pi'('\ii)usl\' ciU'd, and il '\niild ai-n ajiprai' thai, it' I im- '-xiilanii'd, 1 lie iiirrcasi' 111' hiiinidil \ callfd I'nr mii-t date liaid< In an i-arlicr pcrind liy iiian\' years than that iiiTr— ilalcl hy t iic nilim' nhscrvai inns. Wiiih' imni' nf t lie lad- here i-iti-d pn—cs- niiiiii'iical ai riiracy, ami we an' wilimul sindi data a- wniild allnw nl' thr sal isl'aitnry -I'paratinii n|' llic (ii'diiiarv annual scasniial (dian^i'- in Irvfi Iroiii llmsc nf a srciilar (diaraclcr. tlic ^rt'iicral Ifinir nf lln- fvidrnri' is sutiiciciitiy rh'ar. 1 1 .'«li 163 iIkiI >iiict' till' vt'iir iS^d. (If jiD^ilily ciirlici', llic water of niiiiiv small lal ami iiMinU w ii li,iiit (iiillct. (Iiroiii^'liniit t lie uliolc -diit licrii iiarl of r>riii-li ('i>liiiiiliia, has -ln.nl citlnT |iri'maiiriil ly i h' i'..:' |ini|,.ii^r|.il iiit,.|-- \al- al IcvrU liiLi'lii'i- I liaii t Imx' al taiiicii (r.\ci'|it |)i(N>il,h li n- vri'v lirid' [iiriniUi \ny I'oriy, lilly or more ycar> lu-cvioiis lo thai dale 'I'hr iirrioil (if coiiliimoiis i(i\v water in ihe-e lakeN i> tjni^ eanied haek fiom the aliove dale, eoiiiiiiiion-ly. to alioiil ISilK or l^tlt at the least. If tiie evidence of SlUln|i Lake he acee|ited. it WoiiM. lloW eVer. 1 end t>islloW thai a ::,Tadual iiierea-r in hnniidilv had hi'cn in |p|'OL;'i'e.-- fir al lea->t t hilly yeaf>. i>t' w hieh the ^mallei' lake.-< are found i-a|iai)|e of re^;-iv||.fin;,c only the later sia^-e^, many of these having' |po»ilily heen entirelv dr\' in earlii'i' year-. The oli-er\ at ion> ^hdw also a di-liiietly iidtieeaiile tendenev t"\\ard- a decline m the ^eii.'ral water level at the pri'senl lime. Il ii he sii|(|i(i.sed thai the indicated cliani;-e m climatic conditions may he due tu human au'eiicy. i he |parlial reniiival of the naluralK thick ^,M'ji--y covering- of o|( -n I raci- (if edunl ly. and I he (|e-i , ,,ei idn ,,f t,,i'esi s liy tire, are I he two m^-t oliVloil- [lo-sihle cail-e-, h ma\ he -ll'^'-e-ted that I he tir>t-menlioiie.| eirciim-laiice mi^-hl I'e-uit in a tiver draiiia^-e ot' the hdi'deriiii;- -lo|)e.s toward the natural re>er\oir-. Inn in the ca-e- ot iht' lake- r(d erred to in t he l,'e|i((rt of Is^."). and in \ hat ol i h.i-c ,i|' i he ( i recti 'rinihcr rialeaii the adjaeenl coiiiilry lia> not \ e| hccii cnipldxcd tor na-l- urai;'e. or only to an iii-ii;-iiilicant cxlciil. while the chani^-e in the condi- tion- of St um|i Lak( aniidale- the -to(den-e. .\--aiii. the |>ernianent occii|ialion of :"i.\ I'll"' of the inland portion of llriti-h < 'olnnihia did not hc-jn hetore 1S»;0. and the ( hanL;-c- -o far allecleil in aiiy direction are \cf\- -mall coinpai'cd to the ciilire area of the countrw It appear- thii- to he more than prol-ahlc that t he oh-,.r\ cd facts point to -ome e-eiicral climatic variation o!' a -ecular kind. I'alhcr than to any ( haiiL^-c in conditions produce(l l.y niaii. It will he me,.,! that all ''"■ '■'l<''- ;"i'l I'ond- retcrrcd to. lie within the area o| the ( 'or.lillera. hetween I lie l,'o(d moiio-raph .m Luke Hontievilie' .Mr. (i. K. (Iilhert has c,,lleete(| and collated all tl.o ' M(iii(i,irra|ili (if tlic I'. S. (!f(il(i;:i(al Siir\( y, vdl. i., isiin. . 1(V KdVAl, SOill'.lV Ol ( ANAIiA ;i\ ail;i''lt' tlala rflrrrini;' tnliial am-Kiii laki'. and <^i\("^ a ii>m|irrlifiisi\-c (iiscii>-ii'ii oC I lie \ arii'ii«i lads licariiiLi,' mi I lif w Imlf •.iilijccl On pauf 'J l.'I ut Illi•^ wnrk. I lu' tliicl iiatiiiM^ uf iln' (Inal Salt La'i<<'. w liii li arr kimwii with lolcral'lr (criainty >iii(f l"»lti. ami liavc Ixiii accuralily liritiiiiincii ill lalf \t'ar>. an- rc|irc>ciiici| in a dia^'rani. u liiili alloi'iU a I'a-is ^1 < .im |Kivis(>ii \nv llic innrc isnlatnl lads iinH''! in iliil i-ii ( '"I'lniKia 'i'lii-- ilia- ii-ram -lii'W- that llirdrrat Salt Lake -lixnl |,i\\ anil w a- a llcricd \<\ \\i< \i-\'v ■.trun^'iv niai'kc'l Nariatinns in lc\('l. Irmn I^IH (ami proliaiily nuirji carlii'iM til aliout Ixi"), wIumi a ^traily anil cnrit inucil rise iicifan, riii> (•ulmitiatnl in l^TH Imt tlu' i;'fi'at lici^iit '>\' the water was niainlainril III alii'Ut 1>^7T with sli^i'lit variaiinn. It llim lil•^rall tu ilrriim', ami m ISitil wa> nnt taralHivr ii^ aiiiirnxiniali' mean level I'liftlir |ici'iiii| lie- I ween ISH' aii'l iStiri, Tlie iliaLirain t liii- >liiiw> a tlianL;"i' I'l' p'' > i- -eeins possihli' that the ilinialie ihaniie niav have heeii nt' a |'rML;'i'e--i\f eliaraetef. anil that its eileel wa- tii'si I'enilel'eii apliafent in the nii>re MUlthern latitllile>. it may he eoiljeetni-eii that a 111 iiij;i'es>i\c iJianLCe ut tlii^ kiml inii;'hl re>ull Iimiii nimlitieatinnv in iiii>itiiin 111' -i/.e nt 'he I'lilin^;' anlieyrhniii' area^ \' the ailjaeeni Nurih i'aeitie. wmilil |ierniit a ^■|■ealer rainlall ami ini're hnniiil eunilii iiin~ '_;-en i-rall\ in the -nnlhern jiart i<\' IJritish t'olunihia, lemllim- tu assimilate liiese til thiise iinw eharaet erist ie •\\' ihe ihirtln in part <'\' tlie |irii\imr. Clareiiee Kiii^'. writiii:^- in l-s7s. al'tei' ret'erriuM- to what hail then hec n aseei'taineil res|ieeliiiii- the iisciilatioiis lit' t ireal Salt Lake, ipinti's nther facts iViiiii the area nfliie -lOlh Parallel Survey, whicli led lnm in helievc that a iieriuil i)f im-reaseil nuiisnn'e ami ^■I'l'ater snnw tall had heen entered mi in late \'ears. lie reteis in the neciirrenee n\' a\alam lies jn the Sierra \e\aila whieii had ■ he^ain in |i(mrdii\\n intu the true tni'i'st hell and tu sweep hetdre their ri|sli ei 111 side ra hie areas i it' inalnri' tree iffuu t h, ' add in i;- "it iv nhviniis that mi sin-h a\alaindies enuld imssihly ha\c ueeurred (lurinLC the i^eriiiiiiatiun and LCrnwlh ol this I'oresi. " lie also makes the loUowini; further siateineiit whiih a|i)iears to favour a similar helief — • < )n tiie suiumil of t he ( 'eiit ral I"aeitii- l'us-> are a eoiisiderahle nuiuher of well ^-I'liwii eoiiit'erous t I'l'es. All examination of them during- I lie eoiistruetioii of tlie I'aeilie liailroad [ahmit l.SliTj showed t hat tiiey were at that lime heiiii:- si-riously damaged, and in some eases actually killed, hy the driftini;; snow crystals horiie on the slronir west winds diirine- the winter storms, the notdi or de|iressioii of tlie pa.ss makiiii;' a sort of funnel, through wiiii ii the wind hlew with iinusiial violence, couceiii ratiiii^ ils freiii-ht ot' shai')! sn(iw-er\sials. wiii(li not only witre away some n{' tiie V I I'i. M |'\u^mn| sl'.CCl.Al; CIJMATIC ( ilANiiKS 1(55 .!] ''"''■'-'' "'' '•"■ 'I'''-- '"!< .•iciiiMlly .111 (.11 ilic l,;irk I'lN.m oxposc.l |..isiti<)iis •'""I >-;i\\i'ii iiilo the w I \\,r >c\(.ral iiiclirs. Ati iii,s|M'cl inn ,,f di,. lifaiiclics llnis .III -liMWcl liial ill.' aiiiiiial riiin:-^ lia.l loriucrly pcrlr.i.'d ili,.|ii- scl\.'^. and thai lli.' --imw had w.ini nil' a .•.iii-,id,.rahl.' |i.irli.iii. Mfi.Mi scv- "■i':ii iinh.-, "f th. lliici\\r- I'a..'. dis|.|ayiii-- t he ciil cli^'.'^ .d' I h.' hiycrs of aiiiiiial irri.w i li.' I''r..iii tlif-M' ol)scr\ al i.iiis. laki'ii in .■.iiin.'.'l ion wii h I li.' ai;'.' nf i h.' i !•.■.■> uii ih.- "I'l"''' l'''i'' "'' 'li>' nioiintain^. he arriv.'d al lli.' .•..n.-lusi. .n ihai li.c •■ f\-- i-linir I liiiiati.' .».illali..ii h.^iran Ih'Ioiv tl,,. year 1>;7U. an. I wa- I h.^ liisi ,.)■ ils Uiii.l i;.r nvry l'.^O yfar>." ' Thi-, il will 1„. n..|cd. ai^nv^ ivniarkaMv Well Willi ih,' .vidi'ii.c atl..r.ii'.i hy I iilhcris <|iai;-raMi I'oi' I h.' ( Ircat Sail i/ik.'. I'"a.ts ofa -iniiiar kin.! ai-.' mil wanliii--in ihal pari ..f I li.' ( ',.r.lill..|':i ' I"'i-"''' il' I'l'ili-li <'.'lnnil.ia. l;.,iii in th.' Ij.hky .Mountain- an. 1 inllit! Selkirk lan-v- many iv.vni .-aM-- ..f avalaii.-lif- or ■■-ii..w -i;.|.> ' w hi.li liavf iii..w.'.i ih.ir way llir..ii--h loivst> ..nar--c I iv... ar.' loiind. ami .^ach '^'"■'' '■•'^'' 'ii'i-' I"' a.'.'.'|it.',| a- -li..wiii-- ill.' ..(■.■un'.'iic' ..f |,.nu- iiii|.i-.'- '•'■'l.'iit.'.l a.-. iiniiilari..n- ..iMM.w ..n I h.' hi-li.T -l..!,.'-. || niiisl, howovcr. Ik' a.l.l.'.l i;,al iIk'1'1' aiv v.Ty many t;-..i'-v> aii.l >1..|..'- whrr.' ii.. ii'.'.'s i'i'l'"';"' '" 'i;iv.' -•i'..wn al aii\ limc, in .•.,n>,.,|ii.'ii.'.' ..f alni..st anniiallv '•'••■niT.'iii avalamlu's, an.l thai ih.' .■\.'.'|.li,.nal .as.'s in whi.'h .,1,1 tm"s hav.' Ii.'.'ii il.'sli'..y.'d. ar.' in ilicir iialiii'.' so >lnkini,^ a-< li> alti'a.'l iici'liaps an umliic .Ici^rcc .,) imi i.e. It ha- alM. I„.,.|i n.il.'d, l...ih hv ih.' wril.T ami others, ..n ! he hii^hor 'i.oiinlain- ..| Hriii.}, ('oluiiihia, n.'ar I h.' sii,.u li,,,', thai .Ica.l Iniiiks'an.l stiini|is oi lari;.'!- an.l h.'lt.'r o-rown iwr-^ than any now toiiml livinir in i h,' sani.' siiiiaii.Mi-, ti'c,,m.nll\ ...•.■ur ; amllhal in plac's wli.'i',. t hr .TriM-inai ^M'..wlh .iltiT.'s at allilud.'s a|.|M'..a(liiiiir ,;.()()() f,.,., i,.,^ i,,.,.,, d.">l rovcl hv tir.' ..I- \>\ stoi'iiis. it oft, '11 si,,, Us no tciulfiicy t.. nn.'w iis.lf. ".Mr. j, .M.'l'.\..y. wli..a-MM.'.. Mr. A. r..>wiiian in liis surv.'V s ..f t he ('arih..., niiniii-: 'lislri.i in British ('..liiniliia. ha- lurnish,.,! 1 1,.' f.,ll,,win- n..l.' .,n his.,l,si'r. \ali..n- n\\ ih,. |„,iiii ill ,|ii,-,|i,,ii {,1 t||.,i ,|i>tri.'t ; ■'•'" '"='"> "'' "'"• lii,U'iH'r J.arls of th,. , miain-, in th,' ('aril,,.,, -lislri.'l, Ih.. |,r..s..n,.,. .,f lar^-,. ,|,,;,d tr....- i- n.,ti....ahl... u h,.|.,. th,. onlv living. ,,n,.s ar.. ..f a wry -tniil..d ..hara.-t.'r. Th-s.' kir-.' i r.'.'s hav.. .lied i-iiiT a-... a- ,,iily | h.' r,.sin.,iis part- r.'iiiain. Tlii- slal,' .,t I hin-s i- ni..st iiiark.'d ..II th.' (I...,s,' (•|',.,.k Mountains, 'I'lu' .lani|, .•limal.'. with the fa.t llial th,. lihlian- .1., n.,t a|.|...ar to liave liunh..l in tlies.. im.iinlaiiis. inak.' il I.— r,'a-..iialih. t.. siioj.os,. iliat tir,' has luvn th.' caus... |.;v,.n if tir.' ha. I kill,',! th,' for.'-t. siitli.'i.'iit tiim- iia- ,.la|.s.'.l f..r ils r.ii.'wal. ami llu'i'.' ai.p.'ars 1., I.,' .'m.iiuh s,,il t,, niainlain siuh u:r,,wtli. .\ elian-v in .limal.' Nci'ins to he the only .satistaclory I'xplaiiati lion. I . S. (;.■.)!,. ;,'!,. a! l-:\pluiMti..n .,f liic Kit I, I'anillcl. v„l. i., pp. :,Jii-.-,;i7. .S-... I\'., ISIN!. 111. 166 KdVAL SOCIETY OK CANADA ItUllc l! li:is riiiMlitT 1k-cii rcmai'k.'ii that, in iiiiiiiy placi's witliin llic .Iry ell u'rass ■ rf,i,n(.ii ot liriti-h ( '(iliiniliia. yivat Miiiiil.ns o| y<,iiii-- trcfs. |iarli(ularly ol' I lie ydlcw |iiii,.. aiv now llniiid s|iriiiijiiiy ii|t tVoiii m'.mI wIi.i',. not many ycar> hrt'oiv a lew >nlitai'\ ol^l t ivo (,nl\ >\un,\. < >li-,.rvalinns of this kiml ai'c nf ((Mirsr .xc'clinM'U- iinh'linitc in characlci'. hut takni in lonucrti.in nf ilms,. |,r,.vi(in-ion, Thci'c is iiidiTd. and ni'irs-arily. a hn-k of |irccisi,,|| jn 1 1,,, wlmh. of tile data |n\'s,.ntf(l hnv. hnl it has h,.rn thniiM-hl worth u hih' In |dacc tlii'in npon ivc,,]-,!. if uidy a- a ph'a fu' fnrlhrr and rnoiv sal isf;,ctor\ invotiualions. Ilavin-- iir.'ii ahh' in IS7 1. i,, >ii,,\\ ;, .fisiiiMi thMii-l , prn'fct |\ Coinnicnsiiralr rnlilirclioh hrlWcrn lllf h'N.'U lirld li\ liu'd'l'cal Lai' .ast.Tn pari of ihc continent and ihc p.'iT.dic cJiani^Ts Jn sohir actixity as indicaird li\ ihr mI,-,t\ alioiis ,,f sun-siiots/ ji natnrail\ occiinvd to n\i' to compare the chan^-cs in rc