IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■ 50 '"^^ Ml ^ U& 12.0 12.5 12.2 18 U IIIIII.6 III V] ^ /A ^/,. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, i4.Y. 14580 (716) 8>'3-4503 l/u CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibllographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou pelliculie Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes giographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. ay^'Jt que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ n n D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relii avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blark leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouties lors dune restauration apparaissant dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela ^tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas iti filmies. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires; L'Institut a microtilme le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sent indiquds ci-dessous. F~| Coloured pages/ Pages da couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagias □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurees et/ou pelliculdes I y Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ [\f^ Pages ddcolor^es, tacheties ou piquees r~y Pages detached/ Pages detachees Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quality inigale de I'impression Includes supplementary materij Comprend du materiel supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible ~y] Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I / Includes supplementary material/ I I Only edition available/ D Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refiimed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuitlet d'errata. une pelure, etc., cnt itd filmdes d nouveau de facon i obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 12X _/ IfX aox 26X 30X 24X 28X 32X Th« copy filmad h«ra hu b««n raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: Library of Parliament and the National Library of Canada. Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality possibia eonaldaring tha condition and laijibility of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract spacificationa. Original copiaa in printad papar covara ara filmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illuatratad impras« sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad impraeaion. Tha laat racordad frama on aach microflcha snail contain tha symbol —^ (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (maaning "ENO"). whichavar applias. Maps. p^'x^. charts, ate., may ba filmad at diffarant r^-mct n r^'Jos. Thoaa too larga to ba antiraly incluca :n or#< > ■ FinsT : Take the hive entirely to pieces. Take the win- ter hive, F, placing it on the table ; then take the brood hive, E, arrange seven guides on it, equally distant from each other, previously placing the bridge, X, on the bottom of the winter hive, crosswise of it, and three inches in rear of the entrance. Then place it into the winter hive, when it will rest on the band rim, D ; then place the feed- ing board, C, C, immediately upon the centre of the guides. Place the rack, Z, properly on the guides ; also, arrange the cloth, A, A, properly on the rack. Fit the surplus hive, S, on the cloth, and the glass, Y, over the aperture through it, covering it with the cap. A, over all. This is the form of hive for winter quarters, in which way it remains from Sep- tember till May. The next form is that which it has in summer quarters. First : Unfold the hive again ; place the ground board, J, on the table, under the rear end of which place the bevel blocks, R ; then on it place the bottom board, I, on which arrange the brood hive, E, and as far in the rear as the button, Q, will allow. On the brood hive arrange the glass, D, D ; over the entrance, K, K, place the regulator, P, through which insert the knob, 0. Elevate the regulator as high as the knob will permit ; over the glass place the cap. A, also place in front of bevel hive, E, on bottom board, I, miller blocks, F. A portion of the time it also has the following additional parts attached to it: — Remove the glass, D, D, and inside the cap, A, place the surplus hive, S, having arranged in it six guides, T, by equal spaces, on which replace the glass, and complete by closing the cap. This last beautifully provides for storing surplus honey, the bjv6 continuing in this form from May to September, 0? 8 NON-SWARMING FORM OF HIVE. Place the winter hive, F, on the table ; in it arrange four guides, E, E, (the complement belonging to the hive is nine) ; over the guides adjust the dividing board, K, said letter being in front of board, on which place upon the pencilled linos the brood hive, E ; on this arrange the sur- plus hive, S, as prepared in summer quarters, covering it with the cap in front of brood hive. Arrange miller blocks :i3 previously. Open the three entrances by elevating the regulators. This telescopic view of the hive gives a capa- city for luOlbs. of honey. SPECIFICATIONS OF HOUGH'S SOPER I3IPR0VED BEE-HIVE. A Is a lid of the cap attached to the band, B, in the rear by hingeS; and in the front by a hook and eye. The cheap- ness and simplicity of this cover, excels that of any other hive. This fact depends upon the internal construction of the hive. The glass covering the otherwise exposed portion, when it is seamed with propolis by the bees, the upper portion of the hive becomes impervious to moisture, or attacks from the bee moth. The facilities for making observations, through the glass, D, D, by so simple a move- ment as elevating the lid, A, cannot be found elsewhere. The bee-keeper being compelled to lift heavy caps and covers, often crushing his bees thereby, he is deterred finally from making those pleasing and frequent observa- tions which are profitable to him, and rapidly develop a reliable knowledge of the wants and habits of bees. B Is a band, constituting, with the lid, what we term the "cap of the hive." Its chief object is to protect the interior of the hive from the heat of summer and the cold of winter. In connection with the surplus hive, S, it constitutes a double wall. It is perforated with six ventilators marked, F, F, forming a complete circulating medium for the air. It may also be removed as easily as the caps or covers from other hives. It has a lighting board, C, from which a pas- sage communicates with the surplus hive, S, which passage is protected by a regulator, P, which is adjusted by a knob, 0, the regulator being open partially, or entirely closed as the case may require. N. B. — Please remove the cap and lay it aside. I>, 1>, Is a glass which forms the real cover of the bees and honey. Properly speaking it is a transparent honey board, some- times used above the surplus hive, S, sometimes immedi- ately over the brood hive, E. The advantages of this are : in the surplus hive, S, at any time, a single glance shows us whether the bees have come up from the brood hive, E I whether they have commenced their comb straight on the guides, T ; when the comb is filled in any one of them, and it may profitably removed : and when the surplus hive is entirely filled, and ought to be replenished with empty guides. Used over the brood hive, we learn the progress which our bees are making daily, preparatory to natural or artificial swarming; whether millers have made a lodgement in the hive ; what progress the bees are mak- ing with their winter stores ; the comparative condition of the comb ; indications of the condition of the Queen ; natu- ral swarms when first put in, easily anticipated and defeated in indefinite movements and intentions. In artificial or section swarms, where strict attention is required, and various dangers constantly threaten, the use and benefit of the glass will be found invaluable. It is arranged above the guide tops in such a way as to facilitate the movement of the bees without loss of room. Unlike opaque honey boards, it can be removed from the surplus or brood hive, 10 without killing a single bee, as we readily perceive their locality while loosening it. The above are a few of the advantages of the glass. N. B. — Please remove glass and lay aside. Is the surplus hive, in form and construction the same as the brood hive, except in depth. It contains six comb guides, designed to receive surplus honey. The advan- tages of this hive over various surplus boxes are, that a given guide, containing a portion of comb, filled and fur- nished, may be taken out when desired ; and that portion removed, and the unfinished part of the comb left in the guide, and returned to the bees, which is a very great saving in bee labor. The construction of the hive is such, that any number of them containing honey, may replace those guides in the brood hive which do not, and thus supply the bees with natural food, when there is a deficiency. The guides are settled in a rabbet, and so formed that the comb touches neither bottom, sides, or top of the hive, allowing the bees to pass in any given direction on to the point from which they started, facilitating greatly their labor. It also has the advantage of an entrance, U, on its own level. (Remove three of the guides). In thei^ place, with the notched corners next the side of the surplus hive, resting on the top of the guides of the brood hive, place the section bottom, W, of the surplus hive, on which, and in the same manner that a guide is suspended in the rabbets, place the contractor, V, which, it will be perceived, Avill exclude the bees from one half the surplus hive. The advantage is, that moderate swarms, in poor seasons, will frequently deposit honey in three of the guides, when they would refuse to do so were they permitted to enter the entire surplus hive. (Place the glass, D, D, for a moment on the surplus hive and observe the appearance. Remove entire contents of surplus hive, also the surplus hive itself). w > H i ^ . M •■• • 11 N. B. — Please remove surplus hive, S, and place glass, D, D, on brood hive, E. . , , , E Is the brood hive, or constant home of the bees. It is rabbetted to receive the ends of the guide tops, in the same manner, and for the same purpose as described in surplus hive, S. A little below its upper edge, a band rim sur- rounds it, for the purpose of excluding water, and supporting the cap, A, above the surplus hive, S. It also sustains the surplus hive, and brood hive, when arranged for winter quarters in the winter hive. (Please remove and replace the glass at the conclusion of each of the following details). E also contains a brood board, G, G, which insert in the hive in the same manner as a guide. Remove all the guides from the hive, except one, which adjust on the right hand side, the same distance from the side of the hive that it would be, were all the guides in and properly arranged, the brood board being the same distance from it, (the guide), that a guide ought to be, observing that M, M, on the brood board, is towards the front. Next arrange H, H, the artificial brood block, with the rabbet downward, the open edge toward the entrance of the hive, open end of rabbet fitted close to notch, M, M, in brood board. {Please replace glass and observe). To understand the great advantages of this arrangement, and the firm foundation on which it places artificial swarming, suppose that the enclosed guide had just been taken from a colony ; that it was full of comb filled with honey and young brood, and well covered with working bees, they would feel that this section of the hive was as warm, as well stored, as full of bees, and therefore practically enabled to carry on the various divisions of labor with the same order and courage, as if they were seven times stronger 5 they pass readily through the notch, M. M, of the brood l)oard, emerging from the pathway under the artificial brood block. Slide the left-hand miller block, F, towards the right-hand one, until within an inch, which gnards the entrance from robbers. As you observe through T 12 the glass that the beea are Multiplying" and demanding more room, slide the brood board toward the left side of the hive, suflSciently to receive an additional empty guide. Repeat this proc3ss, enlarging the entrance to the hive according to the demand of the bees, until the hive ia filled, when it should be removed. Suppose a hive to be divided into two equal parts, or simply double, making an artificial swarm, the brood board used precisely in the same manner, proves of equal value to both. A natural swarm placed in the hive, improves with wonderful rapidity by a like use of the brood board. Take from any hive all the guides of comb which are not completely covered by the bees, drawing the brood board up to the last comb remaining in the hive, and that hive becomes positively miller proof. The brood board may be gradually withdrawn and the same combs gradually returned, as the bees increase in numbers sufficiently to cover them. This is valuable to small swarms, by adding warmth and protection during winter. Retuim the seven guides, removing the brood board and artificial brood block ; place the feeding board, C, C, over the centre, resting upon the guides. Over this, likewise, resting upon the guides, place the rack, Z, which cover with the cloth, A, A, in such a way as to make it extend equally on all sides ; over the aperture in it place the glass, Y, then adjust the cap of the hive pvoperly to its place ; open the lid of same, remove the glass, Y, and we have before us the simplest, safest, and most pleasing method of feeding bees known. The feed is easily turned on to the feeding board, and with the glass thus re adjusted, we readily notice when the food is exhausted. It is also where robbers will never disturb them ; the bees do not escape ; nor are they ever annoyed ; and may be fed with perfect safety at any season of the year. (In very hot weather, the screening, L, h, may be used in the place of the glass on the brood Hive). I ' N. B. — Please clear top of brood hive, leaving the guides. B, B, Is a hiver, a necessary and component part of the hive. Place it the long way of it, centrally and lengthwise on the guides. Observe the dimensions of it should be the same as the surplus hive, S, in order that the cap, A, may receive it in the same manner that it does that hive. In order to comply with the requirements of the Patent Office, and con- fine the model within its proper limits, it has been dimin- ished in size. Its principle features are a screen, at the top the entire size, and three sides working transversely. It is used as the first locality of the swarm, either as a natural or artificial one. The slides are lowered to accommodate the bees in ascending into it, after which it is fitted over the brood hive, E, and the cap. A, adjusted in position, where it remains until it is deemed expedient to remove it. N. B. — Please lay as. ^3 all the parts of the hive under examination. I aud J. First, place J upon the table, on which adjust, according to the pencilled lines, the compound bottom board, I, that letter being near the letter J, on which adjust the miller blocks, F 5 the straight edges in rear on the pencilled lines, and the grooved ends toward each other, over G, the pla- ces for deposit of bee moth larva?. Next elevate the r«^ar of the ground board, J, and adjust under it the bevel blocks, R, which should give an angle of 45 degrees, inclining forward. Turn the button, Q, upward, which gives communication with the chamber formed by I and J, the cross-bar, N, N, under the screen, H, holds H level, so that the regulator, P, on the brood hive, E, will always nicely fit it when desired. The combination, as it now appears, belongs entirely to the brood hive, E. E is arranged with the rear against the button, Q, Avhich brings the front nicely against the blocks, F, and the regulator, P, 14 immediately over the cross bar, N, N. The advantages derived from the compound bottom board are, that it forms a miller trap, a robber trap, a drone trap, and an excellent ventilator, which avoids strong currents of air. Comb dust or Indian meal deposited on G, under the blocks, F, with the warm air from the hive, forms an irresistible attraction to the bee moth, which enters the cavity by means of the notches in the blocks, F. Robbers discovering the aperture in the rear unguarded, prefer that entrance. Attracted by the light to H, and by the bees working above them, they struggle for egress until they die 5 thus ever guarding the hive in the absence of the bee-keeper, but not interrupting the bees in honest labor. At the season of the year when drones are being expelled, if I is advanced forward if in. the drones will easily and readily collect themselves under the screen, H, where they will perish, thus saving the bees the labor of destroying them. The angle of position given the hive is defensive, is labor-saving to bees in cleaning the hive ; protects young bees, and yet secures slow and steady ventilation. N. B. — Please lay aside E, H, and J, and plat upon the table, L, the winter hive. Is the winter hive, which is first designed to form a double wall for winter protection, which it does by receiving brood hive, E, that rests on it, supported by band rim, D, which elevates the bees sufficiently to admit of the winter accumu- lations of refuse material, without detriment to them. It has a central bottom ventikitor, which is aided by seven smaller ones that communicate with the air between the walls ; a regulator, P, and knob, O, are applied to this hive likewise; the handles, M, facilitate the handling of the whole hive. sides of E are rabbetted down, to receive the guides, & ...^ as in the brood hive. One peculiarity in the construction of the entire hive is, that any guide from any one of the hives is received in the rabbets of any other 15 hive ] hence E may be used when desired, (and it is often), temporarily as a brood hive. When the bee-keeper desires his bees to make surplus honey, and not swarm at all, fill E with guides, and on it fit the dividing board, K, that letter being over the letter E, on K ; adjust brood hive, E, upon the pencilled lines; on brood hive, E, arrange surplus hive, S, and use as heretofore described. The bees ascend from E to S, and descend from E to L, giving ample room for the season, and the best inducements to employ it. Adjust cap, A, with the lid elevated, glass on ; miller blocks, F, on the front of K, against E. As the guides, E, are arranged transversely to the guides in e, the dividing board, K, is placed between e and L. Being perforated conveniently, it breaks the connec- tion, and prevents the bees extending the combs onward from e, thus inducing them to follow the desired lines indi- cated by the L guides. As formerly, observe its appearance. When the Hive is used in the winter form, the bridge X, (see rack Z), is placed crosswise of E (winter hive), a little forward of J, J, ventilator. The rack Z gives the same space when E is in winter quarters, above the guides, that will be found below them in L. The object of this vacuum is to give ample space for feeding at the warmest point in the hive ; also to give warm and unbroken communication with the top of every comb in the hive, enabling the bees to easily obtain all the natural food they may have stored, even in the coldiest weather, and prevents the necessity of their leaving open spaces through central portions of the comb. In bottom of L, Q, Q, are loose buttons to e. — See No. 14. The hive is as durable as any hive can be made, every joint being rabbetted and nailed from two directions. It is highly ornamental to a yard. It is also a capital observing hive (even the common ones), rapidly teaching the beginner how to manage profitably and pleasantly. It is really an individual bee house, and with care will last, without cover- ing, half a generation. Please observe the simplicity of its construction and the vast compass of its ends, found in its component parts, forming a complete circle of power, con- trolling the bees at all points, guarding against every danger and fully meeting every want. There are a number of points valuable in themselves yet unmentioned. ADDENDA TO SPECIFICATIONS. BROOD BOARD. The brood board is designed to dimmish the capacity of the hive to the number of bees which it contains, and rightly adjusted, it ever keeps the hive in this relation to the bees. The great importance of its use will appear when you have used it judiciously two seasons. In impoverished stocks, it should crowd them for room closely for a few days. Used with new colonies (small ones, natural or artificial), it will be found of great value. Given to swarms ultimately intended to be united, it will cause them to fill the few guides they are allowed to retain, to the bottom, concentrating their work, and in the end avoid- ing several guides partly filled with comb. In winter quar- ters, it may be aslo quite valuable. It concentrates labor, contributes warmth, energy and confidence. Ever remem- ber to force your bees to cover their comb, and you can do so by the aid of this board. When used with divided swarms, attention will be required, or, when you do not wish it, the bees may suddenly and unexpectedly sworm. If it is neces- sary to remove queen cells in order to safely secure its benefit, do it. The process will repay you for the trouble. Use the brood board whenever, and Avherever you can. Do not, however, put it in the hive and forget to adjust it as occasion may require, and finally leave it there. The use of it offers the first and best security ever presented, as a safe- guard for many of your operations. It will make a hive practically proof against the bee moth. See the adjustment of it, letter E of specification. . BEE CATCHER. ^v. This instrument was formerly used with this hive for experimental purposes, previous to the development of safe principles of action in controlling bees by fumigation. It is constructed with nine or seven tongues ; if used on the workers, nine ; if on the drones, seven. The angle at which the tongues are suspended, the distance at which they rest from the floor of the instrument, the contiguous partitions which prevent two boes from escaping while one would enter, and the facility of their action, is that which gives them their efficacy. Jt is quite difficult to give a written intelligible description of it. Practically, it is now of little value ; but there are some experiments which it is utterly impossible to demonstrate without its aid. See Nos. 40 to 42. In its construction, in order to give satisfaction, it requires as much nicety of action as a watch. It was once used in transferring bees, also in removing them from the surplus hive, which it will do very handsomely. Those who delight in novel experiments would be amused by it, and perhaps by its aid ultimately receive some suggestions which would lead them to important and profitable results. THE GLASS. The great aid which a glass top, or immediate cover, — a transparent honey-board, if you choose the term, — affords us in giving timely knowledge as to when a given thing should be done, and as to the result of the work after it is done, will appear at almost every step of the operation, as I'cferred to and described ni the various numbers. It is the only place in the hive that a glass is of any practical value. Do not use a substitute in any case, for any great length of time, or you will surely neglect your bees. ROBBING. If by neglect robbers have made a lodgement in a hive, it may be removed two or three rods from its stand j rap sharply on it occasionally, for five or six minutes, which will expel the robbers from it, close the entrance, and return it to the stand. About sundown open it to admit any native bees which may be outside. The use of Recipe No. 1, as referred to in No. 50, will usually be sufficient. The robber entrance, in the rear, and the space between the ground board and the bottom board, should be kept perfectly clear Jfrom spider webs, or the robbers will not enter it. See Nos. 2, 4, and 14, Note I. See uses of Re- gulator and Miller Blocks in Specification. HOUGH'S SYSTEM OP - . The following are some of the secrets of successful Bee-keeping ; Jfo. 1. How the old stock of Bees mmj he hept strong and active for any number of years. Why will bees naturally soon be diminished, in this or any other hive ? Why will not a certain swarm be as good at the end of five or six years, as at the close of two or three ? Bees are rapidly hatching or developing ; rapidly dying ; one generation quickly succeeds another. In the first place, as time passes, the decline of a colony of bees may be attributed chiefly to two primary causes. The Queen ulti- mately becomes infertile (No. 45). On the maturity of the bee, the vestiges of the nymph state are deposited in the brood cells, thus contracting the cells so that the queen is driven to the margin of the combs, scattering her brood in 19 unprotected positions. In thisVespect each succeeding geno • ration becomes one step nearer the end of the colony. In the fertility of the queen and the diminution of the brood cells, will be noticed the two causes referred to. How may I avoid these consequences ? If I remove the queen at the end of two years, or so often as I discover the bees diminishing from her default, supplying the hive with a young healthy queen, or allowing the bees to mature one (No. 46), I shall remedy the first named difficulty, and lead the bees back to their original condition. My hives should all in summer face the south, bearing one point east, as near the ground as can be, and secure the elevation in the rear, (see I and J of specification). But in winter the entrance should face the north. For the sake of uniformity, commencing on the east or west side of my hives, I lift out two or three combs (No. 51), annually from each hive; cut the brood comb out, (Nos. 7 and 8), leaving the honey, if in good condition ; if not, remove it, supplying empty guides. By rotating through my hives from year to year in this manner, I not only understand the real condition of my bees, but also by supplying new healthy brood comb, remove the second cause, why the old stock of bees runs down. Other contin- gencies are described and explained elsewhere. — Hough's Soper Improved Hive. Hough's system, as taught in his oral lessons, should engage the attention of bee-keepers to the importance of number one in the most emphatic manner, holding that it is the basis of successful beekeeping ; see strictly to it, then, that your hive has a fertile queen ; that there is no comb older in it than two years. The glass over the top of the guides is cheap, and almost an invaluable facility for making the discoveries as early as the importance of this statement demands. i 20 How beea can he made to throw off one^ iwOy or three swarms in otie year. r , • First, we will define the terms "artificial swarming", 'transferring," and ** dividing." By artificial swarming we mean driving as many bees from any kind of a hive, as would be equivalent to a natural swarm, treating it tbe same as a natural swarm. By transferring, we mean as above, but in addition, we take all the bees, then remove the combs (No. 14), which they occupied, fitting them in the guides of a moveable comb hive, returning the bees on the combs so set up (No. 11). By dividing, we have reference directly to manipulating the guides of a moveable comb hive, P. Our hive is arranged in summer quarters (see hive as arran- ged under summer quarters). About the middle of May, with this object in view, we bogiu more carefully to observe the bees, by raising the lid of the hive and looking through the glass downward among the combs. A single glance, informs us of the comparative progress of the l)ee3 towards swarming. When the space between the glass and the guides seems to be well filled with bees, we conclude they are suffie^ontly matured to diride. We then operate on the swarm according to the instructions under No. 24. Remov- ing the glass, we select a guide and remove it according to instructions under No. 51. If on close inspection of the same avc find the usual number of bees and quantity of brood, we remove three guides, arranging them on one side in an empty brood hive, in the same order in which they were in the parent hive ; then place a brood board | of an inch from the guide nearest the middle of the hive. The brood board should also be placed the same way in the parent hive, and the entrance through it closed to exclude the bees from the unoccupied part. Place each hive one yard right and left from the original position of the parent hive, and treat it according to No. 4G. The above is a case of dividing. (See Nos. 14 and 47). If the season prove very favorable, and the queens very energetic and fertile, ■ ! I " ' ^ 21 when each of these hives is sufficiently developed they may again be divided, or only one more may be formed from the two. Observe here the remarks on the brood board. How bees can he preventetl from swanmig, wlieii it is desired tJicy sJioiUd make sioylus Iwney. Among the more immediately practical and desirable parts of these memoranda, strictly and satisfactorily demonstra- ted, none are more difficult. For the preliminary arrange- ment, see instructions to Agents for the different forms of the hive, and a portion of letter L in the specifications. There are two different classes of circumstances under which we may desire to secure the benefit of the above. First, when we do not wish the bees to swarm at all, remove the two out- side guides of the brood hive, which will generally be found to contain little or no brood early in the season ; place these two guides in the centre of the winter hive, supplying their place with empty guides. This forms a beginning on a right line. The glass should be kept between the surplus and brood hive, until the winter hive is partly filled, when it may be removed. Those instructions given, with the careful attention of the bee-keeper, will generally secure the desired result. With this idea in view, which this statement is de- signed to convey, only hives containing very strong swarms should ^be employed, as non-swarming, for profit. The second case is where the bee-keeper desires to secure one swarm only from a given hive, and then directs the energy of the bees to surplus making. (See uses of section bottom board and contractor, letter S of specifications, also No. 2.) Observe while sliding the brood board over, and supplying guides, the progress of the bees towards swarming. After the division begin to check that tendency by the early use of the surplus hive as referred to. The early adaptation of space in the surplus and brood hives, to the numbers and wants of t he bees, will generally prevent a divided hive from swarm- ing ; but requires skill and sharp attention in some instances. 22 If in paying the attention which is due to those cases, it is observed that the bees refuse to build the amount of comb which they apparently ought to, it may be anticipated that they are determined to throw off a swarm, in which case examine the brood sections and remove the queen cells, which undoubtedly will be found when the proper attention has been given. These instances of obstinacy will rarely occur. A few non-swarming hives on a yard, aside from other considerations, form a very desirable reserve from which to replenish with bees and stores, some of the weak and unfortunate ones. A judicious use of this hive and system, in non-swarming, will become a source of protection and safety to the entire apiary, and place it on a more secure foundation than it otherwise could rest. ,1 ■ i I ]\o. 4. How the Bee-keeper may divide his swarm in sevei\il parts ichen he wishes to experimott in that way. This statement is designed for the benefit of bee-keepers who have been thoroughly acquainted with this hive and system, at least two years, and who have a great many hives on their yard. For the preliminary arrangement of the component parts, see uses of brood board and artificial brood block under letter E of specification. Also Nos. 2, 49, 18, and 46. When the bee-keeper desires (and which in this uncertain climate is always the more discreet course, by whatever means he may choose to accomplish it), to sim- ply double his hives of bees by this process, he can safely achieve it. After having removed the guide from the parent hive, and arranged all accordnig to the references, replace it with an empty guide and arrange the surplus hive accord- ing to circumstances, as described and directed under letter S of specification. Some attention maybe necessary to prevent the bees of the parent hive from swarming, and to direct their attention to surplus making. As their loss is comparatively little by the removal of the guide, it may be necessary to proceed as directed according to section 2, No. ; i f 1 - ' 23 • • 3, The guide selected should be one well stored with food, brood, and bees; and as early as the warmth of the season will permit, secure the queen of the parent hive, and place her on the said guide after it is arranged in the hive. If she proves fertile it may not be necessary to give her the benelit of No. 4G. By this course the bee-keeper will certainly ob- tain handsome return of surplus honey from the parent hive, and insure to himself one swarm of bees. It never should be attemi»tcd without a reserve force at hand, which he feels willing to employ according to No. 46. If he wishes to ma^e several swarms in the same way from the same hive, he must altogether dispense with the surplus hive. He should not, however, attempt this extremity without first having well tested his own skill in a more limited way. Should an attempt be made by the bees to interfere with the section swarm, use, according to No. 35, a few drops of Recipe No. 1. Xo. 5. How Bees can be prevented from flying away to the forest in swarming time. The above refers to a natural swarm of bees. After they have been properly secured in this hive, having been arran- ged according to instructions on the compound bottom board (See No. 47), draw the miller blocks towards each other, until the space between them is one and a half inches, for medium swarms ; more or less for larger or smaller ones. Settle the regulator until the passage for the bees is three sixteenths of an inch, scant in height, or by close observa- tion adjust it so that the working bees only can barely pass under it. Observe through the glass above them, and when the bees show signs of contentment and industry, begin to give them more space ; the inclination to leave the clean hive will not be < itertained by them long. See treatment of natural swarms. This treatment will also apply to artificial swarms. See what is meant definitely by that term in No. 2. 24 BTo. 6. How bees can he returned to the parent hive again in case of small swarms. Small swarms are generally thrown off at a period of the season when it would be far more remunerative to return them to the parent hive, than to allow them to work on their own account. To do so, after they have settled sufficiently to hive them, saturate them, taking five minutes to do so, with Recipe No. 2. Sec^e them in the hiver during this operation. If the queen can be observed, confine her in a queen cage. If she is not detected in this first operation, throw them out of the hiver pretty sharply upon a white cloth, placing the hiver in a proper position for the bees to reenter, when very likely the queen will be discovered. If not, repeat the process until that object is attained, when the bees may be safely returned to the parent hive, and expected to remain. If the bees of the parent hive are not as closely engaged in gathering stores as circumstances would seem to warrant, it would be well to treat them according to section 2, of No. 3. The queen in the cage may either be destroyed, or exchanged for a less valuable one in some other hive. The bees may be returned to the parent hive, or united with the weakest stock, in which case, see Nos. 34 and 50. Late small swarms will pay one hun- dred per cent, more, when returned to the parent hive, or united with some stock which requires aid, than in any other way. Should three swarms unfortunately at any time issue at once, forming one cluster, a thoughtful person, in contemplating the above operation, will readily perceive how he might secure the three queens, .and divide the bees into three parts, and thus obtain the three swarms as they were originally. (See No. 46). How Bees can collect and elahoraiewax without cisiiing flowers. As is now quite well known, wax is not a production of naturC; similar to honey or pollen. The bee is so organised 25 that it is the result of external secretion on the body of the bee. In other words, it is to the bee what tallow or lard is to the beef or the hog — literally bee fat. The class of bees on which the production of wax devolvs, require plenty of food and rest. It will be observed in looking through the glass top of this hive, that many of the bees are apparently idle. When so appearing, they are frequently awaiting the accumulation of the precious atoms ; even nights and foul weather are improved in elaborating this production. On some occasions half the bees in the hive are engaged at it. I ]¥o. 8. How Comb is coiistnided, and lis great value to the hccs, considmj of twenty or iwenty-Jice pounds cf honey to ei\ry imund of comh. Having in No. 7 briefly hinted at the origin from which the material is derived that forms the combs, we add, that the minute atoms, which in their highest degree of refine- ment are almost as valual^le as silver, are conveyed by the bees to the point where building is prosecuted, and construc- ted into cells with great patience and admirable sldll. The labor, the time employed, and the number oi bees engaged in building cells sufficient to enclose twenty-five pounds of honey, are equal to collecting and filling them with honey. The benefit of the bee-keeper, from observing these ideas intimated, will be found by improvnig the following sugges- tions, and the hive is well arranged for that purpose. In removing surplus honey, be careful not to injure the un- filled combs, or portions of them. Put them where they will be safe from the moths and mice, and at the proper time return them to the bees the following season. In arrang- ing medium swarms in winter quartei-s, there may ])e comljs found which contain little or no stores. Remove them, taking the same care of them, and adjusting the brood board in their place, according to instructions under that head. In removing sections of objection.iljle brood comb, cat out only such portions as the bee-keeper in his judgment deems necessary. Wilful waste, in this matter, is very highly censurable in the bee keeper. ]Vo. 9. Bow bee bread is oblaineJ, and icJial from. Bee bread, or pollen, is a production of nature derived from flowers ; is flower dust, literally flour of the flowers. It is collected and packed in cavities on the legs of the bee, and conveyed and deposited in the cells in a similar manner to honey. A proper sup})ly of it adds greatly to the health of the bees, induces early breeding, and indicates a lertile queen. See No. 11. No. io. ffoir any man can tell whether huuci/ is j^ciswig id or out of the hire. This number refers to a case of ro])]>ing not readily de- tected bv the ordinarv indications. It is a slow but steady process of extracting, by stealthy and more energetic bees. Little or no resistance is ofE'ered ])y them: little if any pollen is noticed going in the hive ; and Ihe careless ol^server will sometimes fail to detect it until the work of destruction is consummated. Upon cxaminmg the combs (see No. 51), when lifted out, it will he found that they are comparatively destitute of brood ; that they are queenless, or have Init a feeble and infertile one. Remove a part of the combs, in- sert the brood board, and use as in Nos. 1 and 4. Remove the queen, if any, (See Nos. 13 and 27), and work the hive according to No. 4G : and the bees will soon rally. In order to detect a case referred to in No. 10, by casual observation, it would ))e noticed that those which had not vet entered the hive for plunder, show signs of fear as they approach the entrance, and those leaving with their load, will rise and move off quite differently from those leaving in search of ; I i i • 27 ' honey. If any doubt is entertained in the matter, observo a strong hive in prime working order, and carefully compare the actions of the bees of the two given hives. It may be advisable to use a little of Recipe No. 1. See Robbing, iu Addenda. Xo. 11. How Bee bread can he eadhj furnished when desired. First see Recipe No. 8, for ingredients. The flour should be put in a book-muslin sack, through which dust it slowly on the syrup, stirring well in the mean time. The white of the egg should ha completely beaten to a foam, and well in- corporated with the syrup. The salt should be placed in a separate dish. On tho feeding board place a sufficient num- ber of straws, cut tlio proper length to prevent the bees from becoming fouled with the food. On the straws pour the cpumtity tho board will hold, which can be conveniently done by removing tho small glass which is above it. The first of September is by for the better time for sup[)lying a deficient hive with winter stores. Feed at sundown, to pre- vent attracting the attention of the other bees, remembering to contract the entrance by the use of the miller blocks. It vrill ]je easily understood how the second part of tho Keci|)0 may be used without further description. Most hives, though very well stored, would be benefitted by feed- ing a small ciuantity, and return the expense with interest, in the shape of early In-ood tho following season. Great caution should 1)0 observed in not spilling the food, or slop- ping it in the hive so as to cause it to run out towards tho entrance, thereljy inducing other bees to attack and disturb them. Iliw weak late swarms, or old ones ichich have dwiuulol aw(i>/. may he sand. First, as to weak swarms. Oi)erate on the bees according to No. 24, removing the guides (see No. 51). Ascertain if 28 possible the cause of the feebleness ; remove all the .guides which the bees cannot cover, inserting the brood board, and treat according to No. 27. Also give them the benefit of instructions under No. 46, always remembering, in such cases, that the entrance should be no larger than the bees actually employ. Sometimes the swarm might be revived according to instructions under No. 6. The bee-keeper must be governed in his action by the number and strength of his stock. As to late swarms, see No. 6. For instruc* tions as to old stocks which have dwindled, see No. 1, and carefully observe it. This portion of the statement refers more directly to the old style of hives, in which the combs are not moveable. It will be necessary to operate on the bees (see No. 2 i), taking them out of the hive, and the hive to pieces, removing the combs, and setting them up in the guides, after which they may be arranged and treated exactly as the first case referred to in this statement for transferrins: combs (No. 14). No. 13. IIoio, hy two modes, ivhen a swarm has lost its queen, it may he saved. If a swarm is queenless, it loses its energy; it ceases to labor as the bees of other hives do, the bees only going on the wing from absolute necessity. They seem to be regard- less of the internal state of their hive ; do not care to accu- mulate stores 5 make little or no effort to defend those they have, and if not destroyed by the bee moth, or absorbed by robbers, they will often gradually wander from the hive, locating themselves with other swarms, leaving their own home teuantless. A hive in this state, on a fine day, when other bees are working well, may be supposed to be queen- less by a few moments' observation. When this opinion is entertained, treat it as a weak swarm, as in No. 12. Be sure, however, that there is no queen in the hive, then capture one from any strong stock which may be able to spare it. She should be secured in a queen cage, and . ! 89 suspended between the guides of the queenless hive among the bees. All unoccupied combs should be removed, and brood board inserted. At the expiration of three days let the queen out among the bees, — many authors to the con- trary notwithstanding ; yet it is a positive fact that a queen- less swarm will sometimes kill a queen when given to them without the above precaution. If the above treatment is employed in the early part of the working season, it is not likely that any further attention will be required, but if late in the season, it might be well to give them the benefit of Nos. 46 and 11. If the bee-keeper desires, instead of sup- plying a queen, after examining, cleansing, and removing unoccupied combs, he may exchange, (see No. 51), one of the remaining guides for one from a strong brood, well filled with unsealed stock, if possible containing a queon cell ; then do as directed by No. 46. When the guides of comb are removed, and brood board supplied on any occasion, keep the combs safe from moths, and eventually and gradually return them as they may be required. The importance of a healthy queen may be inferred from No. 1. ]^o. 14, How by several safe 7)ieiJiods, a su^arm of lees may he tramf erred from a tree or old hive, into anoilier hive. Tliis statement has direct reference to the several purts of the operations included in removing bees from any locality, and permanently arranging them in a moveable comb hive, See first part of No. 2. To convey a general idea: Select an old style of hive, and then operate on it according to instructions under No. 24; perforate the top with five one- and-a-half inch holes, so arranged as to admit the fumes, and communicate and permeate all the spaces in the hive ; then invert the hive, supported si:x inches from the ground j place the fumes under it ; in the meantime adjust the hiver so that the slides will descend until they touch the ends of the combs, One half minute at a time is sufficient for 30 fumigation ; the intervening time to bo occupied in rapping sharply with a small rod on all sides of the hive. The scrccMi of the hiver should be covered with a cloth, which can be raised at any time to ascertain the progress of the bees in ascending. When niost of the bees 'ire up, remove the liiver very gently to the stand formerly occupied by the bees, occasionally returning to the hiver : in the meantime observing Nos. 4, 7, and IH. Loosen the combs from the sides of the hive with a suitable instrument, (a handsaw plate is good), then remove that side of the hive which can be most easily loosened, and either of the adjoining sides. A piece of tlio comb should be adjusted as a cover, over the re- maining portion of the hive. With a kuife loosen tlie combs from the top of the hive (which is now the bottom), in the meantime, gently driving the remaining bees to seek shelter under the comb in the corner of the hive : arrange tlie comics upon the table on thoir top ends, in such a way that the brood will not be hijured: select the best comb ; lay it upon the table | place a guide over it ; and with a knife cut it to fit nicely in the guide. 'J'lie top of the comb must invariably be against the top of the guide. Provided with a number of slats, thirteen inches long, three-eighths of an inch wide, one-eighth of an inch in thickness, Avitli light brads, secure two of these slats on the bottom and top of the guide, in such a way as to hold the comb in it safely. On the other side fasten two more slats opposite those ^U'oady arranged. When pieces of comb are filled in, ad- ditional slats are sometimes required. Trim the ends of the slats down to the guide. It is now ready to adjust in the rabbet of the hive. Put no more comb in the hive, than what the l^ees will be able to cover, using the brood board if it is only a medium swarm. The lialance of the comb may be set up in the guides and laid away for future use. Adjust the hive now on the compound bottom board. See hive, summer quarters, letter E of Specification. The balance of the bees convey to the hiver, and throwing them, in front of it, they will readily enter. Sprinkle cold water « a t > ' 31 > # around the hiver freely, until all the bees settle nicely. Put the hiver now on the brood hive, the slides resting crosswise on the tops of the guides. Press gently down until the hiver fits closely, and a little of the fumes slowly driven through the screen of the hiver will induce the bees to descend and take possession of the coril)s. During this part of tlic operation the entrance to the brood hive should be kept closed. As soon as the ])ees have left the hiver, remove it, and adjust the glass in its place. The operation of taking the combs down, and setting them up, should be performed in as secluded a place as [)0ssible, in order to avoid attracting the attention of the other l^cos. Contract the entrance with the miller blocks, according to circum- stances. If robbers insist on annoying the transferred swarm, introduce a few drops of Recipe Xo. 1 ; also see No. 50. Some of the unemplovcd comb from the dissected liivc. can often ].»G given immodiatcly with profit to some young thriv- ing colony. The hive at first should l)e arranged so nearly level, that should honey drip from the comb it would not work outside upon the bottom board. The robljer entrance, from the 1)oginning, should 1)c kept closed, until the Ijocs have learned accurately the entrance to tlieir new liomo. Answers to the various questions relative to the condition of the comb, which mav be observed when dlssectiim*. will be found in the numbers which include such questions. Cir- cumstances will always be found connected with this opera- tion, which will compel the bee-keeper to exercise his judg- ment and vary in the details every time he may transfer a swarm of bees. He should bo deliberate as a clock in his action, and yet as speedy in accomplishing his purpose as possible. Should the hive dissected prove to be sufRciently stored, plenty of brood, and l)ees enough for two medium natural swarms, use the winter hive instead of the Ijrood hive, filling nine guides with the best comb, putting the bees in as before described, where they n'^ay remain a few days; at the end of which, place a brood hive right and left of the winter hive; lift the guides out of the winter hive, com- I 32 mencing at one side, placing the tirat guide in the brood hivQ on the right, the second guide in the brood hive on the loft, and so on until all the guides are removed fron3k the winter hive. In dividing from the winter hive, endeavor to select a time when the bees have returned from their labor, are equally distributed, and quietly reposing upon the combs. Arrange the brood hive, and treat exactly as given in No. 2. When bees are divided at the time of transferring the combs, and before they have repaired and become acquainted with the transferred combs, this often leads to great confusion among them, and to unsatisfactory results to the bee-keeper. This mode gives ample time for the l>ces to recover from their surprise, and handsomely avoids the disagroe;;ble results otherwise often incurred by the inexperienced. See Brood Board; also latter part of No. 12. Another mode of transferring bees is by the use of the bee-catcher, which see. No. 15. Iloic drones may he 2'>recented from haichiwj, or deairoycd immediatdy afto'y which is someiinics important. The bee-keeper, in observing a great number of hives, will occasionally notice one in which there appears to be more drones in proportion than there ought to be. On examining the combs he will observe the same preponder- ance of drone brood over the working brood. If the differ- ence is not very great, cutting the drone brood out, thereby gi\ing the bees an opportunity of replacing it with working brood colls, may remedy it for that season. Should the case be an extreme one, he had better, in addition to the above, remove the queen, destroying her and supplying another, (see No. 13); or remove lome of the guides and insert brood board, allowing them to rear their own queen, being aided according to No. 4G. On examination, if there i^re no more drone ])rood cells than there apparently ought 88 lo be, and the comb is not over two years old, the cells may be uncapped, and either of the above courses taken to replenish the hive. The drones may be destroyed by ad- justing the regulator about one or two, p. m., or when it is observed most drones are flying, lowering it to the queen gauge as directed in No. 5. Advance the bottom board forward on the ground board, until there is space enough for the drones to enter between the two, which ihey will either do, or collect at some point at nighlfull, where they may be easily destroyed by sweeping them into a dish of hot water. There is invariably a greater accumulation, either in the form of honey or winter stores, in those hives in which the drones are destroyed about the middle of August. IVo, 16. How io esilmafe ihe comparaike immherofhees in a Ue:eep(}r, for the sake of Illustration, when handling a jmrely artificial swarm (See No. 2), instead of placing tho liiver over tho guides as in No. 1 1-, desires to throw them 0!i tho clotli in front of tlie hive, driving them Icisurelv in through the entrance. Unless tho cloth is large, held smoothly and firmly, anti well under the hive, tho queen may get astray, ]>e injured, or lost altogether. Though tho bees may soon rise in the hive, they will cpiickly give evi- dence of their loss (see No. 47), in which case, before tho ])'jos have time to wander over the yai'd, which they very soon will do, with all possible speed procure a guide from some adjoining hive (See No. 5), well stored with unsealed brood. In gi^'ing this _:;'uide to the bees, slid*,' the glass to one side, onlj/ sufficient to admit it. A third case may occur, when hiving natural swarms from similar causes, close attention at the time of hiving, with a thorough know- ledge of the hives on the yard, would enable the beedceeper to lay his hand on the remedy in a moment and save them. When (pieens have not been fertilized, and there is no brood in the hive from which they came for that purpose, unless the bees have l)een some time located, in case the queen is lost, the chances are that the bee-keeper will not become cognizant of the fact till it is too late to remedy it. How I 1 : • T ' i • J ^ 35 over, sliould ho detoct it in timo, tlie al)Ovc is the more S[)cecly mode of treating it. In Jill of the uhovc cases, after the ])eos have subsided from tlieir confusion, the bee-keeper can deliberately pursue any course his resources will permit. Xo. 11). W/if/ Jiccs chislcr around the ouifible of the Mce, and do not sivarni pcrhips at aU, Occasionally very warm weather, ill ventilation, the efilu- via of the ])ces — either, or all combined, — may become the cause. Sometimes foul weathei- deters the bees from swar- ming- until there is a fatal collision l)etwecn the queen v.-hlch should become the pcrnianentone of the hive, and that oftho former season. This event will deter their swarming for a timo, and for several reasons it might do so altogether. Sometimes the bees are not successful in maturing a queen to replace the old one in case of swarming. AVhen this case runs through the whole season, and, it may be, two or three consecutive seasons, the primary cause may l)e discovered in the undue influence which the old queen has obtained over the colony. She perseveres until she is admitted -to approach and destroy her rivals, while in the nymph Ante, or gain access to them when they are yet too young for self defence. In observing the bees gathered sullcily in a cluster forgetful of their powerful instinct for industry, they seem to say to their fellow boeSj '^ Work on, if you please ; v.'c feel '•but little interest in the commonvv'ealth ; we shall continue '•'to express our disapprol^ation of her majesty's conduct as ''long as she refuses to lead us out and form us into an '•independent colony.*' A close observer will a(hnit that the cluster shows some of the symptoms of a queenless hive. In this ease may Ije found a powerful argument in favor of judicious artificial swarming. By having recourse to this process, the old (;[ueen, who is reluctaut to leave the stores and accumulations of her home, in terror and alarm hastens out with the bees in a far less dignified manner than if it 36 had been a premeditated and voluntary act on her part ; in other words, she is compelled to a;^ree with the bee» when- ever the judgment of the bee-keeper shall dictate. For treatment of this case see, Nos. 2i and 25 ; then Nos. 2 and 4. No, SO, Whi/ bees rood, and depri- ving the bees of their winter stores, if second swarms were never thrown off. It certainly would place the Apiary in a much safer condition if the surplus energy and strength of any given hive so inclined, were drawn off in the shape of surplus honey, or by transposition. — See No. 46. Xo, 31. IVh}/ hee^ somciimes return to the parent hive aflei" swarming. There are various causes for this uncertain movement. Sometimes the queen is feeble, deformed, or lieavily laden, and falls to the ground, being unable to rise. The bees, in their rapid, irregular, and confused movements, losing all trace of her, have no alternative but to return. Sometimes it is evident the queen herself becomes confused, before discovering a suitable place to light, and attempts to return, U f 37 but does not always succeed in reaching her own hive. Somotiraes it is also evident that she not only deliberately returns after clustering, but likewise wilfully aljandons a cleun sweet hive, and most likely under the influence of a capi'icious desire, aided, perhaps incited, in the first instance . ])y a few dissatisfied bees. Various trifling incidents, almost imperceptible to the ol^servation of man, doubtless exercise u controlling influence in such sudden and unexi)ected deci- sions. In son\e of the above cases it would be well to search for the queen, when and where there is any probability of her having fallen. Whf/ Bees somelimes refuse to colled siirpUts honeij. Many bee-keepers expect their bees to collect surplus* honey for them, when the flowers scarcely supply enough for their daily consumption. Some colonies refuse to direct their labors to the suri)lus hive. Having prepared a num- ber of queen cells, they are predetermined to throw oflf a swarm. Sometimes the surplus arrangement consists of an old, small, and uncleanscd box. to which they can only gain admittance through an inch (uiffcr hole. Sometimes in their haste ascending the wrong comb, being compelled to descend and reascend before they can even aj)proach that dimimifire entrance. A few, however, persevere against all these disad- vantages; had the hive been so constructed that it held unl)roken and immediate comnmnication, and been also arranged so that those l^ees which preferred to do so, could enter and emerge directly from the surplus hive, not only would they have been saved much labor, been greatly en- couraged there])y, but also, in many cases, when they either utterly refused, or finally abandoned their work, they would have complied with the wishes of the bee-keeper. See letter S ; also uses of surplus hive, letter E of specifications. Also arrangement of surplus hive, under Nos. 2, 3, and 4. I 38 Xo. 2». IL)W a (jicen swarm may he made io coUect very much more honey than they ordinarily do. AVe may fairly suppose the reader has l)y tliis thne noted many laljor saving- points in tlic hive. To make a.fairtest, we will suppose that of two hives selected, one shall be? this hive Avorlved by these instructions, the other an old box h\\Q, left to run at random, (which is what we mean by the term ordinary), each containing, as near as we can judge, the same quantity of bees, stores, and brood. As early as iho weather will permit, tahe off a first flass artificial SNs'arm, see No. 2, (giving it no com1), to make test equal), using the brood board ; also eventually, the contractor of the siu-plus hive. The hive from which the artificial swarm was taken, if ]-)ro})crly managed, will soon rally. The swarm in the old l)ox hive will often linger for two weeks after the artificial swarm has conunenced its regular labor. What is still more unfortunate, it may not swarm at all. Two weeks' advantaue is sometimes suIHcient for the arti- licial swarm to fill its hive half, or more than half full. Should the natural sv/arm be thrown olf the box hive, at the end of the period referred to, by the time they are fully in working order we may fairly ^'enture to let the bees of the artificial swarm into the surplus hive. The hive contain- ing the artificial swarm, (as this system requires all these hives), should be arranged at least one rod distant from any other hive. See under No. 1. Sometimes the period refeii-ed to proves to be in the midst of the best honey har- vest. The advantages of the hive, the gain of time, the location, and the treatment, in the hands of a skillful and attentive bee-keeper, will show a gain in favor of the arti- ficial swarm. ' ? 39 Xo. 24. How any person can perform ereri/ experiment andopcraiion he can possihhj wish, and not rjet stung. Fear of the resentment manifested by bees when they are disturbed, has veiled from the eye of man many of the movements, operations, and hal)its of bees, for many a<^es. The terror imposed by their anger has deterred the bee- keeper from examining and interfering when they were at- tacked by their enemies; and rather tlian risk the conse- quences of joining in the contest, he has preferred to be an inactive spectator, while his bees were being destroyed. Scores of large Apiaries have gone to ruin, when, had it not been for this, tlie progres.^ of destruction might have been easily arrested, and the bees saved. The Bee Protector. — This is a simple protection, easily constructed by any person. Take common mosquito netting one vard in length and three-foui'ths of a yard in breadth : sized so as to ])o able to rim in a piece of elastic in each hem ; the one long eu. ;gh to fit the crown of the hat at the band ; the other to lit the throat. Sew the two ends together, and it is ready for use. Put it on the hat in such a way that the rim may be inside and the crown out. The other end passed over the head, brings the elastic round the throat, and the hat properly on the head. It may be i)ut off and on in a minute, and may 1)0 carried in the vest pocket. Though there are several patent bee hats in use, it is admit- ted by all who use this, to be by far the most simple and cheap, and affords the most complete protection to the head and neck. \ have only S[)ace to add, that I know not how to say enough in favor of its adoption, well knowing, that the more it is used, the more will bees l^e taken care of. To protect the hands, it is suilicient for all ordinary pur- poses to wash them well with a strong solution of Recipe No. 6. The protection above referred to prepares the bee- keeper for all preliminary examinations and ordinary obser- vations. If the nature of his observations or operations rO(|uire the su])jugatiou of the bees, he may gently slide the 40 glass, and while doing so, turn half a gill of Recipe No. 10, so as to fall equally on the topa of the combs and ])eea, but not to the bottom of the hive. See Nos. 25 and 15, IIoio to adniinhter a certain material which operates on the Bees ill a similar manner to chloroform on man. Great caution should 1)0 used in fumigating l)ees. Many beekeepers have a careless habit of throwing dirt, chips, foul weeds, or anything on the fire that will create smoke, thus permeating the hive with poisonous fumes and offensive scents, which may not leave it for months. Instances are not wanting of bees being destroyed suddenly, while filling themselves from the cells. A few inhalations of the noxious vapors arising from some unknown substance, (shall we say maliciously gathered into the fumigating material), was the cause. See Recipe No. 9. If he desires to produce local effects, or expel the bees altogether, take a piece of the substance referred to in Recipe No. 9, about three inches Square and an inch or two in thickness. See No. 14. Secure a judicious use of the fumes by employing the furaigator. Long experience and close observation have satisfied me, that the fumes of this material are the most inofif'ensive, cleansing, and yet effectual in accom[)lishing the desired end, — of any that I have ever used. There are competent witnesses who can testif)', — Scientific Authors to the con- trary notwithstanding, — that irrascible bees, when all food was ])eyond their reach, without any perceptible injury to themselves, have been rendered docile by this means. Xo. 26. IIow to prevent diarrhoia^ which in Spring time often ties- troys thousands of bees. . . The instructions for arranging bees in winter quarters, if strictly observed, will prevent nine cases out of ten. (See remarks on that point, letter L of Specifications ; also uses . li ■ of cloth, A, A ; also form of hive ; winter quarters ; instruc-* tions to agents. See also fatality to bees, 1869 and 1870.) There is no mistake in the winter arrangement proving a wholesome preventive, if all that relates thereto is carefully performed. ]^o. 27. How^ when the Queen hecomes infetiile — ichich is a death' blow to tJie colony, — tlie difficidiy may he overcome. If we carefully observe a strong stock at the height of its labors, we shall in some cases perceive sixty bees enter the hive, and sixty depart in one minute. By a rational and moderate mathematical calculation, we easily conclude that six quarts may be deposited in the hive in one day. Redu- cing the calculation to one bushel a week, will give us some idea of the vast work performed by a strong colony of bees during a favorable season. When we also consider how brief the life of a working bee is when constantly at labor, and that in all these operations, the uninterrupted routine of successive generations of bees revolving round the queen as if she were the pivot or imaginary centre of harmony, and from her energy and fecundity, the vitality, strength and prosperity appear to continuously radiate, — any deformity or feebleness, especially infertility connected with her, must necessarily paralyse and destroy the usefulness of the workers. They appear to lose all desire to accumulate stores, as they clearly foresee that their utter extinction is at hand. "When it appears that the Queen in any certain stock is becoming infertile, and might be easily replaced by a more prolific one, proceed according to instructions in Nos. 13 and 18, and their references. On examination of the combs it will be found, as compared with those of other hives, that they contain by far too great a preponderance of drones and drone l)rood, which is an unmistakable sign of infertility. After having supplied either a queen or queen cell, or an unsealed brood, and diminished the capacity of the hive ftocordin^ tQ the stock it contains, restore it to the conditiou ''' "^fy . .42 of a strong stock according to the resources of the Apiary, and as directed in similar cases. (See No. 4G). The bee- keeper can readily direct his attention to the condition of the queen, as the merits of the case demand. ]%o. 28. How a nucleus may he formed in ilie parlor^ from which a youncj healihj Queen may he falen when desired. Those nuclei xcill pay richly^ a queen heiny almost equal in value to a new colony^ Construct a case, the ends and l)ottom consisting of wood, with the sides and top of glass, on the same })lan as the brood hive, containing only space enough for one guide well stored with comb, food, ])rood, and bees. Select such guide from a good stock, putting the (|U0Gn in it. Drop it in the rabbets of the case referred to. Shield the glass portions from cold aud light, either with wooden doors, or a heavy clotli cover. Arrange the end of it on the sill of the window in such a way as to receive the light equally on the sides, when o])scrvations are made. Make an aperture through the sash, of the required size for that num1)cr of bees to work. In a few days, or as soon as the bees are well located, the queen may be returned to the parent hive, or any other re- quiring a queen. All the operations ^nd mysterious move- ments of the bees concealed in the interior of a heavy stock, are here rendered visible to the eye of the observer, from the l)eginning to the consummation. And in autumn, Avhen his observations are completed, he may remove it with the bees to any hive in which he may choose to place it for winter security. The advantage of this form of nucleus over that of others, is, that the bee-keeper may exchange the enclosed comb, should he desire to do so, at any time, for any other comi), in any other hive on the yard. It is also one of the most rapid and pleasant teachers in bee culture which a beginner could desire. . I ■ . ; 43 Xo. 39. IIow nlmoat every natural sicarm of bees may he induced to liijht ill the same place. Take the dead bees which arc found in the bottom of the winter liivc in moving it out of winter quarters. String them uniformly until three or four yards arc secured. Procure a dark object as near the usual form of a natural swarm of bees as can be ; dip them in a strong solution of saltpetre and salt, then wind thorn carefully around the decoy figure, which should bo attached to a light pole, and about the time it is supposed a given hive will swarm. Arrange the pole so as to suspend the decoy in the edge of the shrub or bush and where it will be most prominent to the swarm issuing, When discreetly managed, nineteen out of twenty swarms will be attracted to, and cluster on the decoy. A sprig of bee balm attached, forms a })leasant addition. JVo. so. How io hunt wild hecs uifh succ&is. The various kinds of boxes for feeding, capturing, and confming live bees, are so well understood, that a descrip- tion is scarcely i-equisitr : but provided with one the design of which accommodates and satisfies the hunter, he goes to a remote place where he will be unlikely to be disturbed with domesticated bees, and a locality ftxvorable for attracting v.'ild l)ees. He should provide himself with whatever pro- polis, or bee glue, he can obtain, and some old comb, also a pound or two of honey. It is best if contained in unsealed cells, as the live bees appear to work ])etter in such. In employing the propolis and old comb, it should not bo con- sumed by the fire, but used in such a way as to j)roduce the greatest amount of vapor l)y burning it as slowly as possible. A few drops of Oil of Anise added to it, when the .atmosphere is favorable, will convey the fumes to the sensitive percep- tion of the bee, a mile and a half. When a line is discovered and well defined, sometimes, iu the rapidity of the pursuit^ 44 it will be necessary to counter line, or line back, having passed the tree. When this is done, it may remain undis- covered, when the hunter will take a position at a right angle to the line already discovered, and cross line. When, in consequence of the difficulties arising from the foliage and shrubbery, it may become necessary for him to be more deliberate in his operations, he will now alloAv the bees more time, that they may work the stronger, while some of them are loading. If he is provided with a suitable kind of white down from the goose, he may take a little of this and touch it to the honey, and apply it to the bee in such a way that it can fly. It will frighten and prevent her from making . those large circles as she rises, in which she is lost to the ej'O, as it greatly impedes her flight, so that he may follow her. It also causes her to go direct to the tree. The down may be seen at a long distance, even tlirough the foliage. Dur- ing the progress of these operations^ if the hunter's attention is attracted to several lines, and he is provided with different colors, he can color them and time them, selecting the ono first which gives the shortest time. We might be more definite on this point, but we suppose those who will engage in it have some general idea of the matter. Xo. 31. How io make Jiwes frost jri'oof. This hive, arranged in winter quarters according to in- structions to Agents, and letter L of specifications, becomes frost proof by the absorption of all moisture arising from the breath of the l)ees, aided ])y the double wall. There is sufficient animal heat in any medium swarm so protected, to prevent the frost affecting them. For example, take an old box hive, perforate the top with several large holes, arrange a cloth over it, elevated about one inch and a half above the perforations (see letter Z of specifications) ; cover with a tight box'; make a frame of inch square stuff for the bottom edges of the hive and the bottom board, which gives 45 the required space between the combs and bottom ; bind the sides of the hive closely with a rope of stmw, or enclose the whole with a double Avail, always remembering to leave the hive in the open air. No. 32. HouD to prevent ants from annoyimj bees. The black ants seldom succeed in troubling the bees and obtaining any plunder ; the red ant is more adroit, and some- times succeeds in doing a considerable amount of damage. I have known them to destroy many hives in succession, in a few localities. A piece of green sage, which can always be obtained where ants are troublesome, if used freely on the portions of the hive infested l)y them, will cause them to abandon it. This hive, when properly made, is seldom or ever. disturbed bv them. Ilow any person can eat honey with impunity. The medical properties existing hi the fluids of some flowers, and which to a certain extent tincture the saccharr- ine matter they contain, is poisonous to a few persons. To remove the noxious property, put nine parts honey and one part water in a tin vessel. Thoroughly incorporate by stir- ring. Set the vessel in a kettle of water ; gently simmer the honey, and skim all the scum which arises ; evaporate all the water. The slower the operation is performed, the more completely will the honey be purified. The honey will also be greatly improved in flavor. Xo. 34. Hoio^ in a 2)leasant and admirohle manner^ late swarms^ to any nvmber,Jor the jnupose/if oI)taimng food and warmth for tcinier, may be joined together, ami nojightiwj occur. This statement supposes a case which ought if possible to be avoided. The bee-keepor sometimes risks late swarms, •I 46 lioping tlio season will favor them, and that they will live through the coming winter. Near autumn he discovers his mistake. In the treatment, for exam[)le, there are three such, altogether equal to one. Day by day draw them toward each other, until finally they are immediately together. In some cases they might be ranged together in one move. Let them remain for several days, or until the bees are v/ell located ; then operate upon them, and transfer the heaviest combs, and all the bees, into one hive ; select the best queen, which will naturally be expected in tlie Ijost swarm ; confine her in a ({ucen cage. — See No. 13. Previous to operating on the bees, administer to each hive, four times in twenty-four hours, a few droi)s of Kecipe No. 1. — See No. 50. For suggestions during the opei-ation, see Nos. 2, 4, and 51. Secure the extra combs safely for next season, to Ije returned when they may Ije di\-ided. lO« 30a lIow,J'(!>r the same pii, pose, the Bee-Jceepci' ean tal-e a part of a'verij large sicariii. and cjJd it to a rerij small swarm, and ■induce t/ie Jjces to n.main and. vork harmniu'DiisI;/. Early in tlie writer's experience, he accidentally disco- vered two tendencies which api)eared to Ije permanent and constitutional in the bee, from which he drew the deduc- tion embodied in the above statement. At that time he was not aware they had Ijoeu noticed by other Apiarians. To secure the Ijenefit of it, the hives should not be less than one rod apart. — See No. 1. If, when the bees are working very strongly, a light stock is removed and placed upon the stand of a stroni;' one, and the strouLC one returned to the stand of the light one, the light stock will receive the addi- tion of the difference between their field forces. If twenty bees to the minute leave the light one, sixty to the minute the heavy one, the light one will be increased at the rate of forty to the minute, until the field force has returned. The rate will diminish as the bees discover the change, and lo- ciitc themselves. This sudden and pleasant transformation I IV I / \>. VI ' %^ • 47 of affairs, will surprise and deliglit both the weak stock and the bco-keeper. — See No. 40. No. »0. IIoiv at amj time the Jkc-l'cepcr can ial'e ovt surplus Jiotiri/ coiiihs, irc'KjIiuKj from four to fi en ■pounds ^ ddiichcrlfrom each other, and unconnected with the hire. This^ hi the vicinity of ViUaycSj iciJl enahte him to realize tu-ent//-fre per cent. viorc on pai't (fld-s honeij^ than he othencise would. This statement has direct reference to the advanta.^es of movable comb in surplus hives. It very often happens that it is desirable to jirocure, for immediate use, only a few pounds of honey. Wliere it is made in boxes, unless they are very small, and even then, we must wait till they are filled, or wantonly waste the labor of the bees by taking from them unfilled cond). — See Nos. 7, 8. and 18. But by this arrangement in this surplus hive, he may take only so much as is filled, or as may be required. The facility and economy witli Avhich small portions may be removed, will often tempt us to avail ourselves of the advantage, and tluis sometimes secure a price that could not bo had later ill the season. IV' Ko. 37. JLiw. when the Bee-keeper desires to leave f(>r Church or hiisinei^s, he can speedihj arranye his hires in such a manner as will prevent them from swarminij, hut iii the meantime ivill not retard their operations in claborathaj wax or gcdherlng honei/. It sometimes happens when our bees are on the verge of swarming, that we either are not prepared, or have not the time to, divide them when it ought to be done. In this emergency, it may be, that we are compelh.'d to be absent from them, giving them an opportunity to swarm, and for lack of attention, leave us. This loss may be prevented, and also all doubt removed as to what may have occurred I I if 48 in our absence, and this without any appreciable detriment to the bees, by accurately arranging the regulator on the quocn-gauge. — See No. 5. The entrance should be en- larged again, as soon as the necessity for contracting it has ceased. — See No 15. IVo. 38. How, ivJien the Bee-l^:ecpei' fears that several swarms will come at once, lie may allow the Jirsi to come out and hice ity and then the others as he is ready for them. In large Apiaries, where artificial swarming is not adop- ted, it very frequently occurs that many stocks mature for swarming at the same time. In such cases it has happened that the inHuence of one swarm upon the wing, over and around those hives, induces otliers to come out, and so on, vmtil there may be two or three swarms upon the wing at one time. The miller blocks, Avhich are ever ready, and can be adjusted in an instant, will easily and speedily pre- vent such occurrences. — See No. 5 ; also No. 15. ]!^o. 39. In the same way one new swarm may he prevented from runniny into another swarm. When bees are on the wing in swarming, dark objects, in the form of bee clusters, have a peculiar influence in at- tracting them; therefore the clusters of bees attached to the sides of hives, frequently bring the swarm down, ming- ling with them, and the consequence is generally fatal to the queen alighting ; and it is much more difficult separat- ing them, than when several swarms have formed one clus- ter on some object outside the hive. Prompt action at the time would have enabled the bee-keeper measurably to have avoided the difficulty. — See Nos..5 and 15. ! 49 Xo. 40, IToiv, xolien the Bce-kccpcr wishes io sell, he mat/, hy means of the Bee-catcher, capture the bees in the Jickl from a (jiven hive, the purchaser thcrdnj losinr/ none of them. Those who avc cngagod in buying and soiling hecs and hives, would frequently find themselves aided in their oper- ations, were thcv able to work the above statement. It al- so often occurs, that parties who have no bees would pur- chase a swarm on some particular occasion, could they take them home with them. The Bee catcher, properly adjusted to this hive, will secure all the bees belonging to it in a very short time, without injury to the bees captured, or de- triment to the swarm as a whole. It is true, l)y waiting till night, they could be secured in the hive, but in that case frequently the the bee-keeper would lose his sale, and the buyer his disposition to purchase. As a matter of curiosity at least, the result of a nicely balanced bee- catcher, in a case of this kind, is very pleasant and satisfactory, and in- dicates to some extent the research and enquiry connected with the experiments which have been conducted in the construction of the component parts of this hive. — See Bee- catcher. Xo. 41. How the Bee-l'ecper can make a fjiven swarm love and he attached to him. Select a certain hive, and begin to annoy, tease, and dis- turb the bees very often, daily, for one week. Their tor- mentor will discover beyond a doubt, that bees may be taught, and that they are perfectly tractable. The above course is recommended to skeptics, in order to enable them by tangible evidence to decide the point, whether bees may or may not be taught. He will soon be free to admit that their irascibility rapidly develops itself, and that their irate tendencies become so perceptive and watchful, as to make them attentive to sounds and movin^':^' objects at consider- no 7\,hh distances. On the othor hand, lot tlie Ijoe-koeper up- )M-oach a <^nvcn liive with the caution and rcsjK'ct which their sensitive niituro ever seems to demand, divesting hini- selt' of all offensive odors, bringing in his liand u ])oace ()!'• fering in the form of well sweetened water or honey, and ho will find them ready to make with him a covenant of fricndrthip. Every motion about hini should have the mvi- formity and silent steadiness of a clock jiondulnm. The- slightest jar of any }iortion of the hlv^' will iu{erru])t tht* truce, and be the signal for hostilities. The hcautiful ar- rangement for feeding bees in this hi\ e, will ena])le the l)ec- keeper to test his own adroitness, and the cllect of kindness 0!i the bee. By the exercise of extreme caution aiMl gen- tleness, ho will eventually Ihid himself aide to remove any comb from the hive, convey it into the house, where the bees on it may be examined by all who desire, then return it jvgaln to the hive, without the sligh.test sym[)toui of re- sentment having been discovered by theii- owneis. Jl is an additional evidence that the great laws of goutleness and kindness exert their s:jothitig and controlling influence on all the creatures of (iod, fiom the gigantic elejdiant down to the humblest insect : tlie e.Tects of which, indeed, aro limited only by the means used to that end. I Ko, 12. JIow the Bcc-lceepcr ran posith'cJij^ liiuler vertahi cinnm' .s7(Hjee5, captuvt a swarm of bees iiro or iJirce mika disianf, without even 1:nowinij iclicre the tree in ; then sviqAij them with (I queeUf, and make titan wo)k the same as his sicanns. The original design of the writer in this statement, by ig- norant and pretentious persons, in their inferences, has- been greatly abused. His views, as embodie/ lli^ prc-'icncc ff a queen in an aril/lcial swarm. This number refers more especially, bui not exclusively, to artificial swarms. What is true in this item of an artifi- cial swarm, is also true of a natural one. In order to avail ourselves of the benefits of the signs here referred to, the advantage of a transparent honey board, it will be seen, is very great. If, when a swarm is introduced into the hive, and the bees readily rise and settle quietly in regular lines along the edges of the tops of the guides, and remain so for fifteen minutes, manifesting contentment during this inter* val, and express their satisfaction in humming around and ventilating the entrance of the hive, ihere can be no misr take about the presence of the queen. WhT/ bees are so obstinaie on some occasions. In the above statement we refer to the manifestations which bees sometimes make while we are driving, when we are attempting to hive them ; also the occasional reluctance they manifest, in driving an artificial swarm. In the first case, the queen has evidently gone astray somewhere out- side the hive, or has been injured in some way that pre- vents her progressing with it. In the latter case, in her fright she may have retreated into some double comb, and cannot rise directly if she would ; or is so paralyzed with alarm, that she fears to move lest she should encounter fatal danger. — See No. 18. Xo, 49, How the Bee-keeper may know iclien to make an artificial awarm. First : we judge \i is a strong stock by the large numlxsi: of bees working, and the amount of labor performed. On elevating the lid, we observe that the space between the glass and the guide tops has a dark appearance, being well filled with bees. Next, we judge the season is sufficiently advanced, so that a swarm may be safely trusted to main- tain itself. On removing the guides, (see No. 51), we find abundance of bees, and the combs well filled with brood, and queen cells in progress. "When these conditions exist, it is safe to divide, or make an artificial swarm. ) 57 IVo, 50. How to comhine a number of oils, produdmj an excellent effect in controlling bees. We here refer to the Recipes. The most careful obser- vations of No. 1 will fail to elicit any evidence that the proper use of the oils specified ever produces any pernicious or injurious effects. They will be found able to destroy distinctive features; and also expel robbers. — See ^7o. 35. No. 2 is soothing in its effect, adhesive in its operation, im- peding the movements of the bees by flight. No. 3 is ob- noxious to ants, but inoffensive to bees. No. 4 is the best combination for evolving substantial fumes, and for spread- ing vapors. No. 5, when properly located and used, pre- sents an irresistible attraction to the bee moth. No. (», when the hands are washed in it, allays the anger of tlie bees alighting on the hands, and possesses curative power should they be so exasperated as to sting. In No. 7 the first five articles are combined in equal quantities, and used as a liniment on the part affectetl. The 6th article may be added to the liniment, or in severe cases taken internally in light repeated doses. The 7th article Avill speedily soothe pain in the head or sickness at the stomach arising from bee stings. For Recipe No. 8, see No. 11. For Recipe No. D, see No. 25. Xo. 51. How to trmispose the guides icith safety and jirofit. In removing a guide of comb from a hive containing bees, select that one first which it appears can be most ea- sily removed. Commencing at the sides of the hive, with a small suitable lever, which is necessarily operated across the ends of the guides, loosen and move the guide an eighth of an inch nearer the side of the hive. Remove the next one, one-fourth of an inch toward the one first moved, and so on, gaining an additional eighth of an inf'h on each guide «o moved from the guide we design to elevate. It may now 5S bo removed with ease, and also with safety to the bees. If an exception to this should occur, tip the hive over on the rear part of the band rim, when any remaining difficulty may be discovered and quickly remedied. Guides of conil) should never be changed ends about, or arranged in any other way than that in which they were built. When a guide is transposed from one hive to another, it may be ne- cessary to re adjust the guides as before descril)ed, which is easily accomi)lished in this hive, as there are no fixed lo- calities in which to insert it. Ko. 52. JIuic and when to inakt and lomic rnauy scciiona J) cin an old J'asldoixd Idee, for reariny queens. In transfei'ring (see No. 14), if the ];co-kee|)er desires to avail himself of the benefit of this statement; he should se- lect a very strong stock, heavily stored, and possessing a fertile queen, leaving it at least a mile distant from his own Apiary, and see that it is put irito winter quarters, accord- ing to the plan of this hive, (sec Xo. I>1). In the Sprinir, wheji it is sufficiently warm to form artificial swarms, the evening before transferring remove it to an isolated position in his own a])iary. In setting up the comljs, they should be cut of such a size that tv/o of them evcntuallv will fill a guide of the brood hive, that is, one of these pieces should fill the lower part of the guide the entire length of it, and up to the centre. It would therefore receive another of the same size, resting upon the first one, thu;-: filling the guid..-. The object in cutting the combs in this way is, tliat when their use has ceased in the section boxes^ they may be all quickly set up and returned to the hive v/ithout loss. Put three such coniljs into a box only large enough to receive them and admit the same space around them which the l)ees desire in the full sized finished combs of ])rood hive. The brood and honey should be equally divided in as many sec- tion boxes of the above size, as the material on hand will fill. Arrange them in a semi circle three yards apart. The I I 59 bees should tlien be equally distributed to each section. They sliould l)o kept closed for several days, (see portion of No. 42), remembering to place them near the ground, as it adds to their warmth. A double wall is also an advantao'o. Glass tops aid greatly in giving the necessary attention, and ol)serving their progress, A large number of queens may bo secured in this way during the season, and profit- a]jly given to diminished swarms. A warm room, suitable for the purpose, would hasten the desired results. Toward the close of the season, when the bee-keeper deems it ex- pedient, ho may arrange a hive in the centre of the semi- circle, and introduce into it the combs and bees of the sec- tions, and thus bo able to prepare them for winter quarters. 'J'he isolated position will cause the bees to drift from their several localities to the central hive. r ILnv the r.ce-lr/per can, in a (jood loccdifi/, hy diJif/enfh/ an I c'aii'ious!>/ J'oU):citij tke iastru-floas nlcen in litis C'rcn- lav. ill (i n iji-ars obtain one ihovsand swarms Jroiu (me. The limited space assigned to the several numbers has compelled us to be very curt and brief in tlie delineations. Many ideas occurred in each of them, which possibly might have been of value to the beekeeper : such as hints, cau- tions, and variations according to circumstances, in the mode of doini>' a certain thinii; : likewise in explaininf>' the whys and the wherefores. We will add, that no bee-keeper should make a single movement about his bees, without en- deavoring to sec clearly the end toward which the move- ment is tending, and at every step ask himself why he does so and so, and persevere in his reflections and inquiries, un- til he can answer himself intelligently. On the supposition that a beekeeper is thoroughly acquainted, by experience, v/ith the practical working of the instructions as indicated under the foregoing numbers, we hope he will find himself able to successfully contend with the bee moth ; to protect his bees sulliciently from frost, and from the malaria arising GO • from the effluvia | to discover deficiencies in the queens, and remedy them, or replace them when lost -, to easily pre- vent contentions and robbing; and promptly meeting what- ever emergencies may arise, and regulating and confining their multiplying tendencies (see Nos. 1 and 2), in such a way as to be able to demonstrate the following proposition. This table shows the numbers reached in ten years, from one hive, by simply doubling : " YEARS. NO. OF HIVES. RESULT. 1 1 2 2 2 4 3 4 8 4 8 16 5 16 32 6 32 64 1 64 128 8 128 256 & 256 512 10 512 1024 The above slow but safe process of multiplying bees se- cures a broad margin of surplus strength to provide against the various misfortunes and accidents which are annually occurring. The query may arise in the mind of the reader, if doubling the stock annually is by far the safest and most profitable course to take, why then explain how to divide a given stock into several sections. In answer, we say, that we believe it ia impossible to succeed even in the simple process of doubling the stock, and holding it firmly on the prescribed line, unless we possess a complete knowledge of subdivisions ; understanding clearly all the details connec- ted with such operations, and comprehending all the inci- dents and emergencies which may arise. If in conversa- tion with a physician he should inform you, that in his study of anatomy he had devoted a great deal of time in dissect- ing the hand and arm, and reflected carefully on their or- ganization, but that he had not time to pay any attention to the construction and arrangement of the foot ; your cod- « I ' ♦ . 61 elusion would be, that his anatomical knowledge of that member must be very deficient, and in case it became dis- eased, his treatment must be equally defective and uncertain. CAUTION AS TO DIVIDING HIVES. In the operation of dividing bees, do not spend time in inspecting merely out of curiosity. It matters little whether the queen is in the parent hive or in the other. That may be quickly ascertained by the drift of the bees. Set the bees close to the ground, and dividing may be performed safely, as early as considerable unsealed brood can be dis- covered I never failing to use the brood board. In making observations for gratification, do so only when the bees are quiet.— See Nos. 46, 47, 40,. ■,..{•: r,'. ., . tf • ' •■ • l' • SPECIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION HOlGiPS EUREKA FIMIGATOK. SPECIFICATION. The Tnvkntion consists in the construction and attachment to the muzzle of a bellows, or force-pump, of a metal cy- linder, in which the fumigating substance is placed or sus- pended, and having a pipe, to whicli is attached a flexible tube for discharging the fumigating fumes to the bees in their hives, or in lodgements, when the aperture thereto is intricate ; and in providing the bellows with a trap door, llivough which can be inserted a sponge, or other absorbent material, to be saturated with any odoriferous liquid. The bellows has a stand and a pedal 'for its convenient use. The fumes of the odoriferous fluid can be ejected from the nozzle of the bellows, by removing the cylinder, or they may be jtassed out through the cylinder pipe and flexible tube. The letter A re})resents the pump or bellows, which may be constructed with wooden ends, and flexible girt nailed round them ; or it may be made otherwise, as per drawings. In the bellows is fastened by a screw, a sponge, ]], or other absorbent material, to contain the odoriferous fiuid, which is supplied to it through the hinged door, C. Near the nozzle, D, D, are handles, to v^hich motive power is applied for the operation of the bellows, when ejecting the fluids. To the nozzle, E, or outlet of the bellows. A, is attached a cylinder, F, by the tube, G, sliding thereon ; and to the other end of the cylinder is affixed a pipe, H. The cylinder is constructed in two sections, which over- lay each other at the centre, to admit of the fungus, or other fumigating substance being placed or suspended there- in, upon a hook or screw, I, and to be fired when required. The subdivisions of the cylinder fit closely, Init should ilu; joint not be suflicieiitly tight, an elastic band, J, may b*3 stretched over it, to ])rcvent the circulation of air throu/!i it. Within the cylinder is a partition, U, of wire gauze, Z, to prevent the issue of sparks by the exit pipe or tube, II. * To the tube, H, may be connected a flexible tube, L, when re(piired, for the purpose of directing tlic fumes to difficult and particular points not easily accessible, produc- ing local effects. The bellows rest upon a stand, M, of any required height, accordinc worked with one hand. The bellows should be altachcd to the stand in such a munner as to be readily removed therefi-orn, should it be desiral)le to use the machine in such a position as to require it to be worked with both hands. The ])el- lows has a hinged joint, 0, which adds to its durability ar.d facility of construction, and a button, P, to keep the tra;) door tightly and forcibly closed. The operation of the machine is as follows : The section.-^ of the cylinder are secured, and the fragrant or other I'liiiii- gating suljstance being therein upon a screw or hook, and ignited, the sections are then united, and the cylinder \)i])q slid upon the nozzle of the bellows. The bellov.-.s are then operated by the handles, and the outlet pipe directed to tlie bees. Should the bees be in a locality dilHcult of acec-:.-!, or from other causes, the flexible tube is connected, and the fumes ejected. Where odorous vapors are to be used, tlie trap door is raised, and the odoriferous fluid poured upon the sponge, and the bellows set in motion. When it may be required to operate the bellows from the stand, the foot of the operator is placed upon the pedal, and with one of his hands he raises and depresses the U}^per handle of the bellows. The bellows can be used with or without the cylinder, and the machine can be applied to the famigation of rooms C4 of dwelling houses. It consists of — Ist: The cylinder, P, and the use of the flexible tube, L, in continuation with the bellows, or force pump. 2nd : The perforated plate or wire gauze partition, 11, and screen, I. .'Jrd: The stand, M, hav- ing a foot })edal, N, for attachment to bellows, and keeping it at any required height. 4tli : In providing the bellows with a hinged trap, C, for feeding the sponge, B, and the use of such sponge within the bellows, to bo saturated with any odoriferous fluid. 5tli : The construction of the bel- lows, A, with a hinged joint, O. Advantages.. — That four-fifths of the time employed arc saved, — that is, as compared with other processes, systcuis, and methods. Tliis saving is about equally divided between the preparation and execution of the work. AVe perform those things in the details of bee culture, by the aid of this invention and discovery, pleasantly, safely, profitably, and with certainty, in one-fifth of the time formerly required for those things, which were then deemed tedious, unpleasant, unsafe, often injurious, and uncertain in the result. There- fore it may be fairly hoped that bee-keepers will give four times the attention they did, and in return receive as mani- fold pleasure and profit, with* the employment of far less time and money. There is scarcely an item in the whole circle of bee culture, but what can be greatly facilitated by the aid of this invention. 65 HOUGH'S EUREKA FUMIGATOR. . By this rccoatly-hivcntccl apparatus, the great dosider". alum, so long and so earnestly sought by Bee-keepers, is at last olitained. It is a well known fact to practical men, that former modes, systems, and arrangements have been attended with so much annoyance and loss of time, that th^ Bee-keeper, hurried perhaps with other matters, and dis- pleased with these troubles, neglects a hundred little atten- tions which his bees urgently demand. If he only knew tho exact internal state of a certain swarm of bees, and the cor- responding state of the combs, how gladly would he rem- edy the difficulties under which they labor, and remove the danger which threatens them with speedy destruction. True, the Bee-keeper can, in movable comb hives, by tho former modes of operation, in most cases ultimately ac- complish his purpose. He goes to a hive with a certain ob- ject in view ; he spends an hour or so, but is not yet done, when from the first he felt that he had only fifteen minutes to spare. A few such attempts, and the results soon dis- courage him, and ho begins to neglect the attention due his bees. The smallest leak soon sinks the ship, or carries away the strongest dam, — so the most trifling neglect often ends in the speedy destruction of a colony of bees. On the other hand, if he possessed an arrangement by which, with plea- ainty, he could accomplish his purpose — one ariably ready for action in one minute, — how he w .Id be delighted to watch the daily condition of ■jces. These desirable facilities are beautifully and ccnvoniently presented to him in the Eureka Fumigator, so simple in its op( tion that man, woman, or child may use it with safety, n • injuring the bees. sn his G6 Bogimiing with the surplus hive : 1 . To ascertain the progress of comb l)uildlng. 2. Jf there are any difficulties or irregularities, to dis- cowi- and correct the same. ;5. To remove sections of honey, or supply the bees with unfilled comb.. i . To remove the surplus hive altogether. 5. Removing the glass. G. Transposition of the guides. 7. Searching for queens or queen cells, 8. Ascertaining the comparative amount of vrorldng or drone brood. 0, The easiest and safest method of feeding bees. 10. TiOiers to all the varied movements in putting bees into vintcr quarters. 11. Instructs in cleansing, preparing, and returning them again into summer quarters. 1 2. I'or destroying native distinctions in cases where am- alga^i^^on is desired. l;». Refers to hiving bees, causing them to enter the hive rapidly, preventing their spreading or loitering. 14. Ts used in artificial swarming', causin;:^ the bees to move with celeritj', greatly abbreviating the whole process. , lo. in transferring from gums, old Jiives or trees, the bees are controlled, driven and directed along the combs, backward or forward, as the case may require, until the dis- section is completed : and in almost every conceivable movement with bees, the economy of time and labor will be readily acknowledged in the advantages and conveniences which it affords, in all local as well as general operations, — such as expelling the bee moth, removing sections of dis- eased comb, &;c., &c. As to the result, it matters not what hive, or how many ]>atents are on the yard, or what system of management the Bee-keeper employs, he will be equally gratified and pro- fitted In applying the apparatus to any or either of them. 67 On the conveyance of Farm Rights, practical instructions will be repeated, until the purchaser expresses himself sa- tisfied. CONCLUDING REMARKS. The forc";oiu<]: statements are of such a nature as to ab- o o solutely require ocular demonstration. The manner of safely using Recipe No. 1, designated F, will he careiu!!y oxplaincd. But the writer does most earnestly (nitreat all those parties who may have been definitely instructed in tlie uses of the Fumigator, never to attempt to convey their knowledge of it, unless accompanied with ])racTical illustra- tions, given in the most pains-taking and patient manner. The writer originallv intended to have given a full defini- tion and explanation of the foregoing numbers : ])ut on ro- fiectiou he deemed it wiser, and safer to all parties who may hereafter become interested in them, to ur^e, that fhry dtmaiid a saii^fiLciory dcmonsfrafioii of their inirjyort. FATALITY OF BEES IN 18G0. The above year, in the Western part of Canada, and a few other localities, has'proved to be the most disastrous to bees that has ever been experienced by bee-keepers. The extreme wetness of the season so diluted aud dostroved the saccharine qualities of the flowers, that very little honey was sec Ared l)y the bees. We might almost venture to say, that the honey became acidized in the flo^vcrs. giving it such peculiarly unwholesome qualities, as to create disease among the bees feeding on it, and rendering the hive very foul. There are many Apiaries in the country, wheie the bees died from the poisonous effects of their food, before they had time to consume what little they had succeeded in accumulating. One l)ee- keeper informed me that he had honey enough left on his yard to destroy a hundred swarms of bees. In most cases, however, the store was so lim- ited that the bees quickly exhausted it, and consequent ly 08 died from starvation. In the cases where the bees were driven from their combs, their food cleansed and returned to them, or artificial food given them on pm-e comb, they prospered well. A friend of mine who tested the matter during the winter, said he found no difficulty in transferring in cold weather ; and he was confident that it would pay well to do so on all occasions, such as are included in the above remarks. 69 RECIPES FOR ARTICLES REQUIRED IN HOUGH'S SYSTEM OF MANAGING BEES, N©. 1— FOR PREVENTING ROBBING, AND FOR UNITING SWARMS ; ALSO TRANSPOSITION. Oil Cummin, 2 drachms. Oil Rhodium, 10 drops. Oil Wintergreen, 10 drops. Oil Bergamot, 10 drops. Tincture Musk, 10 drops. Otto de Rose, 1 drop. No. 2-RETURNING NATURAL SWARMS. 1 pint well-sweetened water ; 2 drops Oil Peppermint. Xo. 3— EXPELLING ANTS. Juice of Green Sage. jfO. 4— HUNTING WILD BEES. Propolis— old Comb, — and a few drops Oil Anise. No. 5— TO ATTRACT MILLERS. Comb Dust and Indian Meal. BTo. 6— TO PREVENT BEES STINGING. A strong Decoction of Salt and Sugar. No. 7— REMEDY FOR BEE STINGS. Salt, un2'0. LI — if in oe to D-.ior. I— Kin,.: 'to Door. .1 — SOVOV,' to SpOTilTt.'. i- — i roiil 01 StaiKi, M — Support to Pump. N— Cylinder. O — Tube to Cylinder. P — Screw in Cylinder lor Fungus. It — Tube to connect to I). 8 — p]lastic. T— Flexible Tu])e. r~Valvc. V — Screen. W — Fun^fus. Y— H.in;;i-e to PidU]). i Advertisements. k V CANADIAN NAVIGATION COMPANY. LT FORMING A DIRECT LINE BETWEEN Quebec, Montreal, Kingston, Toronto, Hamil- ton, Niagara and Lewiston. This Magnificent Line, composed of the following FIRST-CLASS STEAMERS : CORINTHIAN, (Iron) new - SPARTAN PASSPORT « « - _ - Capt. Dunlop « Fairgrieve. «« Sinclair. KINGSTON MAGNET CHAMPION Farrell. Simpson. - Carmichael. Qimm WE^ ii(gii T, Leave the CANAL BASIN, M ONTUKAL, at f) o'clock, EVERY MORNING (Sundays excepted,) and Lac:hine on the arrival of the Train leaving the Bonaventnre Street Station, at NOON for KINGSTON, TORONTO, HAMILTON AND INTER- MEDIATE PORTS, connecting at Torohto and Hamilton with the various Rail- ways for STRATFORD, LOND(JN, SARNIA, DETROIT, CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, bT. LOUIS, GALENA, GREEN BAY, ST. PAUL, &c., and with the Steamer " CITY OF TORONTO," for Niagara, Lewiston, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Cleveland, Toledo, Cincinnati, &c. AgT i Tlie Steamers run in connection with the Mail Steamers for QUEBEC, and with the Steamers "UNION" and "MAGNET" for MURRAY BAY, RIVIERE DU LOUP, CACOUNA, TADOUSAC, and the RIVER SAGUENAY. 'This line of Steamers is UNEQUALLED, and from the completeness of ita arrangements, presents advan ages to Travellers which none other can ai£ord. Through Tickets with any information, may bo obtained at the office, 73 St. James Street. ALEX. MILLOY, Agent. Royal Mail Timouaii line office, 73 St. James Street, Montreal, 1870. Advertisements* FisHwiers E AMD General Forwarding Ageney. fiiEEies mm mmist fs maim. Transport Contractor to H. M. War Department from Halifax, N. S., to all parts of America, AMD TO THB Militia Department for all parts of Nova Scotia. CONNECTING WITH THE Principal Expresses IN This Express collects Notes, Drafts, &c. CHIEF OFFICE : 249 Sl 251 MOLLIS STREET, HALIFAX, N. S. FREDERICK W. FISIIWICK, Proprietor, t WnUWPE ^ AMEMICA. « ^ i i Hrrf- Advertisements. I icy. t from Vova JitMiSO , N. S. )prietor. awreEce SITIATED ON GBEAT ST. JAMES ST., MONTREAL. H. HOGAN - - - - - Proprietor, This First-class Hotel (the largest in Montreal) is situated on Great St. James Street, in front of the French Cathedral, or Church Ville Marie, Notre Dame Street, immediately ad- jacent to the Post Ofl5ce, Place D' Armes and Banks ; is only one minute's walk from the Grey or Black Nunneries, new Court House, Beading Booms, Champ de Mars, (where the troops are reviewed), Mechanics' Institute, Bonseoouirs Mar- ket and Fashionable Stores. The New Theatre Boyal is directly in rear of the House, and several of the best boxes in the Theatre are regularly reserved for the guests at St. Law- rence Hall. St. Lawrence Hall has long been regarded as the most popular and fashionable Hotel in Montreal. It has been under the charge of its present proprietor over ten years. The building presents a front of some 300 feet on Great St. James Street, with a depth of over 300 feet, and has over 300 apart- ments. A large part of the Hall was engaged by Government for the suite of H.K.H. the Prince of Wales during his visit to this city: American money taken at par. HOURS FOR MEALS. Breakfast from - . . • - 7 to 11 o'clock « liuncb --------itoa" Dinner for parties leaviii;; at - 2 *' Dinner from - - - - - - 5 to 6i " Tea --- 7 " Sapper -------9 " -^::r ; r Advertisements. Uu IL HiU '5 4- liw^ ^^ I}b(D )! |: -• < » •- JAMES A. GOUIN, U 5 4 < PROPRIETOR. i Advertisements. '3 I SUPER-PHOSPHATE, HANUFAOTURBD FROM CANADA FHOSPHATI BY BROCKVIIiLE, ONT. This Company ie erecting large works to manufacture SuKphuric Acid and Superphosphate of Lime from the rich mineral Phosphates of this vicinity. A standard article of guaranteed quality, equal to best muAe in England or United States, will be ready for this spring's crop. Superphosphates have been extensively used in England for 25 years, in United States for 20 years and when properly prepared have invariably given satisfaction. This fertilizer has hitherto been but little used in Canada because o£ the cost- liness of materials used, especially Sulphuric Acid. This Company is now erecting at great cost machinery for the manufacture of Sulphuric Acid and Superphosphate from materials owned and mined by the Company, which will enable them to sell a superior article at a moderate price. Superphosphate is adapted to Wheat, Rye, Barley, Com, Potatoes, or any crop, and when a good quality is used the result will be a large increase, and its effects will be seen for many years. This fertilizer will be put up in packages, of say 100 lbs. each, and sold at 2 cts. per lb. to the farmer, at the works. A discount made to wholesale dealers. On application to "THE BROCKVILLE CHEMICAL AND SUPERPHOS- PHATE COMPANY," Ont., Circulars will be sent with full directions for use, and orders will be promptly attended to. AIiEX. COITAN, Manager. BROCKVILLE, ONT., OR. J, L. CAMPBELL, Proprietor, LATE OF CAMPBELL'S HOTEL, OTTAWA CITY, ONT. OMNIBUS in attendance to and from all Cars and Steamboats. Advertisements. m ©TThW/^ FOR Tinware^ Lamps, Rock Oils, &e., ESMONDE'S, OPPOSITE ONTARIO BANK. SaddCes, ^ridles, Whzps^ Horse Clothing, HaTTiess, Q.TULriks, "Fire Qojts, J^ilitary Eqwupments, ^o. Establlahed 1836. yj 7 4r J. & R. mwiN, Saddlery, Harness and Trunk MANUFACTORY, 165 McGILL STREET, MONTREAL. r — ^' 4^ ? Advertisements. THE jolunteir Sevieui and Hililarg mi | atial mzdU, A journal dcooted to the. Interests of the Military mid Naval Forces of the Dominion of Canada, Published WEEKLY, on MONDAY, at OTTAWA. DAWSON KERR, PnhUsher. JAMES HOPE & CO., Manufacturing Stationers and Bookbinders, IMPORTERS OP GENERAL STATIONERY, ARTISTS' MATERIALS, School Books, Bibles, Churcli Services, &c., OTTAWA, ONT. if.' Wil. i. Tlliiiii, (OAPT. PRINCESS OP WALES OWN RIPLES,) ^ ARRISTER AND 7^TTORNEY-AT-LaW, Solicitor in Ohancery, &c., KINGSTO:V, ONT. JAMES MUIR J i1 aad E^aadl <£Eeai Hcnts Collected, Houses and Lands Leased and Sold, lioans Negotiated ok Hlortgase Security and otiier'wite OFFICE :— GREAT ST. JAMES STREET, MONTRBAIt, (ADJOINING MOLSONS BANK,) Advert iscmcjits. w« P. mahstdn, Importer and Manufacturer of all kinds of FIRE ARMS, English and American Ammunition, &c., 132 YONGE STREET, TORONTO, ONT. New Brunswick Military Clothing Store. Officers requiring outfits can be supplied with every ruquisite by M. Mcdonough, No. 74 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET, ST. JOHN, N. B., Who has conativntly on hand SCARLET CLOTH, LACE and Ornaments at as cheap a rate as can be procured in the Dominion. BOND BROTHERS, 7 ST. SACRAMENT STREET, ]TIONTREAL. All descriptions of Stocks, Bonds, Ac, Sterling Exchange, Amer- ican Gold, and Railway Shares, bought and sold strictly on com- mission. Investments made in Mortgages, Real Estate, &c. i i 4 f H 1. ^ KINGSTON, ONT. H, E. SWALES, Proprietor. I 1 _ f i Adiurtiscmcnts. TORONTO. ONT. UNIFORMS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER, AND EverytMoE necessary to an officer's outfit snpplieil AT THE SHORTEST NOTICE. N. MeEACHREN. For lilat of Prices, see Volunteer Revleiv. MERCHANT f) AND 31IL.IT^?LR,ir Tj*.ir^OI*, 12 KING STREET WEST, TORONTO, ONT. Advertisements. G. E. POTTER, Carrer, UMer, Looliiig Glass and Picture Frame MANUFACTURER, 85 PRINCE WILIilAim STREET, ST. JOHN, N. B. mm si^EiYiMS. {5HE«M^ MTHMHiPHS, IMPORTER OF Looking Glass Platps, English and Foreign Plate and Sheet Glass, &c. FORBES' PATENT k^m Kkl ia m The only reliable and really SELF-FASTENING SKATE over invented. NO STRAPS to lame the feet. NO HEEL PLATES to clog \p. Maa3 of the VERY BEST CAST SHEEL and tempered upon scientific principles. Now in general use in all skating countries. For sale by JUl dealers throughout the Dominion of Canada. Manufi\ctured by the Starr R^anufacturing Company, HALIFAX, N. S. 1 IT Advertisements. to •ed «»t \ ^ P. B. JAMIESON, MERCHANT TAILOR, CLOTHIER, &c.. No. 112 MAIN STREET, BKOCKVILLE, ONT. A large Stock of CLOTHS, CLOTHING and GENTS' HABERDASHEfiY constantly on hand. Clothing made to order in the most fashionable style. All orders punctually attended to. W. M. FULFORD, DRUGGIST, KXClHANGIi: BR0KE:R dc GENISRAL TICKET AGENT, APOTHECARIES' HALL, WEST CORNER COURT HOUSE AVENUE &, MAIN STREET, BKOCKVILLE, ONT. G«utn> €iotliluj£ and General OutUttlnK Eettablfshment. No. 133 MAIN STREET, BROCKVILLE, ONT. THOMAS SMART Keeps constantly on hand a largo assortment of BROAD- CLOTHS, DOESKINS and TWEEDS of the newest Patterns, which he will make up in the latest style. HATS AND CAPS OF ALL KINDS. The highest price paid for Haw furs. I AND DEALER IN HA.'X'S, C^T»SS», Ace, 3ROCKVILLE, ONT. Aducrfiscmcnts. STARR BROTHERS, WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OP Steam Made Biscuits and Confectionery, Also, Wliolesale Dealers in every description of FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUIT, Sole Agents for the celebrated Baltimore Cove Oysters, buockvili^b:, ont. Da®(giiWiii!=L!gs @mr., JAMES HAWKES, Wholesale Dealer in Coal Oil, Land Plaster, Water Llrae, Plaster of Paris, Grass and Clover Seed, &c. Corner of Church and Railway Streets, Brcckville, Ont. The Proprietor has during the past season greatly enlarged the ST. LAWRENCE HALL and Fitted up and Newly Fur- nished the same throughout, witxi «,!! the latest improvements and conveniences. A FIRST-CLASS LIVERY STABLE ATTACHED. N. ITIcCARNEY, Manager. «^ SIGN OF THC: Bin BLACK BOOT." W. W, MOPE, WHOLESALE and RETAIL DEALER in all kinds of Boot Trees, Crimps, Lasts, &c., &c., Manufacturer of Crimping Machines. No. 1 Cod Oil always on hand, A large Stock of the celebrated. Singer Manufacturing and Family Sewing Machines, Machine needles, Silk and Hard Ash, Cash Paid for all kinds af Leathers. BROCK VILLE, ONT. 3 i ^ ^ 1 * 4^ 1 ^ ! *? t Advertisements. Army and Hunting Saddler and Harness Maker, 10 KING STREET WEST, TORONTO, Importer of all kinds of SADDLERY GOODS, MILITARY EQUIPMENTS, &c., &o. The only maker of regulation Belts in Ontario. Orders promptly attended to. CHEAP FOR CASH ONLY. United Service Book and Btatloiiery IVareliouse, No. 87 Urauvliie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia. i/iji Ji\^\i ^a^sip, Wholesale and Retail BookseUer and Stationer, and Blank Book Manufacturer, Importer and Dealer in Mil- itary Books of all kinds, on hand or to order. Depot for every description of Artists' Materials from the best houses in the world. Enquire particularly for WILLIAIU GOSSIP, 87 Granville Street. M. O. DONAGHUE, LATK MASTER TAILOR ROYAL ARTILLERY, No. 116 Granville Street, Haiimx, N. S., Importer of and Dealer in BROAD CLOTHS, D(JESKINS, BLACK and FANCY CAS- SIMERES, &(?., &c. Naval and Military Work of all kinds made at short notice. 9 © © li E B , urttonecr and |^ommi!ifiioii 4*1 NO. 359 & 361 NOTRE DAME STBEET, Cash advances on ^rercbaiulize. Good liglit Storage, Advertisements. Montreal Clothing Store, 203 McGILL STREET, PATTON & BROTHER, MILITARY CLOTHIERS, Keep constantly on hand a large and extensive assortment of Cfentleraeii's Wearing Apparel, AND AliL DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY CLOTHING, Or made to order at the Shortest Notice, and at reasonable rates. :. "^ STEN & oe., _ TacMe Malers & Iiprtcrs, Great St. James Street, OPPOaiTB POST OFFICE, MONTKEAIi. / w'VN^^^^^J^'*l^«fir '^«^^*•-*^,Jt<^ie♦*< jt^wi*»f\ i Advertisements. ONB in TEN! Statistics shew that One in every ten of the entire population meets with an Accident every year. INSURE AGAINST 6 li I ii fe W # ^ BY TAKING A YEARLY POLICY IN TUB Travelers Insurance Company^ OF HARTFORD, CONN. CASH ASSETS-OVER ONE MILLION. HAS PAID $1,000,000 IN LOSSES. FOK DEATH OR INJURY BY ACCIDENT. For $1,000 in ease of Accidental Death, and $5.00 Weekly Indemnity = $5.00 per annum. Policies from One to Ten Thousand Dollars, and Five to Fifty Dollars Weekly Compensation, at proportionate rates. JAS. G. BATTERSON, PreEd't. RODNEY DENNIS, Sec'y. CHAS. E. WILSON, Assist. Sec'y. THOS, E. FOSTER, Montreal, Gen'l Agent for Dominion of Canada. A. B. CHAFFEE, Agent, 145 Great St. James Street, Montreal. Advertisements. No OPPOSITE THE POST OPKICK, GRK.IT ST. JAinES STMKE'IT, AND G . P II I L L 1 P S S Q II A K K Apothecarits to IJis Royal Ilighiuss Ike rrinci- of ira/es. •2> IMrOKTKUS OF GENUINE DEUGS, AND FINE CHEMIUiLS. AGENTS FOH Dr. Ridpo'B Patent Fofxl, tho ho^st Dictotic iirticlo known fnr Infants and Invalid ■■. Brown's Clilorodync — llcndricV rcrfinncry — Savory and .Moorl'■^■( irannlirpn'i'a- rations— and rropriotovs iA tliu cch'hrati'd Clu'rry JJalrant, for Cun^hs, (.'oUis, Ac, Engraving and Litbograpiiy in aii liicir brandies. BURLAND, LAFRIOAIN & 00,, (^^ SUCCESSOliS TO CJEOROE MATTHEWS, %'^' ^? 115, ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER STREET, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE, \mtkK Bank and Coinmorcial work r)f all kinds oxccntccl in tlic best stylo. Wcddintc, V^isitint: and IJnsincM-^ (.'ard-; of every ilescriptioii. Crests, Coats ot' Anns, Afoiiiu/ritiiis, d-r.. engraved on steel, (-(Jiipor and stonc, and embossed in < rvry colour. Seali<, rrt'bsics. Door riatctj and Silver Wnro, engraved at niodorato rated.