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Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 12 3 4 5 6 gf^Wf^' Ifmmt •9^i **»''»»»mmmmmmmm»mmmmKmMm»ifmm»mmi% i J BUMx LUNQU^QFi — ANT» qovEf^NMKNT -4^ A SPEECH ^^ D8I,IVKB£D IN THC 0^81 ■: m € -ON — FEBJ^UilUr iSfli, 1890, »¥ Niij0,M)(^ii^s ri©@P/ ^m%m, m.^. ftEGINA : PlilNTKD BY ThB LeAIJER CoMPANY (LiMITRD.) ■!■■•. 18 9 0. \i^mimmmmmm»mMmmmam»m0mmmmmm»mmmmmirmmmmmmw»^mimmmi I mmmm»m»m»tii»*thmllfi*^mSm til) aati^"? Dual Lanpage and Federal dovenimeiit : A SPKECH DELfVERED IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, ON FEBRUARY 12, 1890, BV NICHOLAS FLOOD DAVIN, M.P. Mr. McCARTEIY moved second readiiii; of Bill (No. 10) to furth.^r amend the R«- viaed Statutes of Canada, chapter 50, r« upectim; the North VVosl Territories, Mr. DAVIN moved in amendment : That this Hill bo not now rend the Sfcond time, but thill it he rtssolvel. That it is ex- Seilient that tlio IjOKij^lative Assembly of tho orth-Wost Terrirorica t>e authorized to deal with the subject of this Bill by Ordinance or en- aetineiit, after the next xenoral eloctfoa for the said Territories. He «aid: This, Sir, is after all, a North- West question; but 1 need hardly say that I am quite aware that it is the privilege, and even the duty, of every member of ♦his Hourte to cimcern himself with any public (jues'ion whatsoever ; a!»d I con- } on bit by bit, they repeat them- selves ooiisiderably, but still at each step, my h'>n. and learned friend shows that the doctrine oi Darwin is applicable even to great politicians, and he illustrates the law of evolution. I said a moment ago that I had not the honttur of hearing that speech, but. Sir, I had the honour uf 2 DUAL LANOUAdK AND FEDERAL UOVERNMKNT. readinif his speech that had been deliver- ed in Ottawa, a speech going over the same ground. It was, after all, the ftaine old stuft, but with a little evolution. So that, althoutrh I did not hear the speech 1 am tolerably familiar with my hon. fiiend's opinions on these subjects. a>id I may say that in the course of a pretty long political lite, in the sense that I have been studying politics all my life, and have had an opportunity of hearing m'>st politicians in England and Canada, and prominent politicians in France, 1 have never met with speeches so wanting in logic from so distinguised a man. Those speeches have two peculiar charactririatics. The one is that r.iy hon. and ioarnod friend has taken to dilating on questions that, from his busy life, he was evidently not conversant with, and I am sorry to say that from itchewan, we have a French population to the south, and al- though they ai'e greatly outnumbered, the bare fact ot their being outnumbered is a reason why, without a hearing, we should not repeal this clause. Now, as 1 said, tliis speech is a part of a series. 1 will say that on some subjects in which I am conversant my hon. and learned friend has laid down some uxtst extraordinary propositions, and among others one which 1 will deal with presently, that the North. Wuat has been a losing game to us. Here is a proposition that he sta.es : — " There is i.o such thing as a Celtic skull." 1 must not say Keltic, although 1 have been trained at the university to say Keltic ; still, I remember that the last time that I spi.ke and used the word Keltic, an hon. gentleman who is a Scotchman, and a friend of mine, asked me, " What on earth are you talking about Keltic the whole time V So 1 must not use the word with a k, but with a soft c, and say Celtic. " There is no such thing as a Celtic hIcuII any more than a Haxoii skull; no such thing as Celtic hair any more than 8axon hair ; it is only Mark the proposition he lays down.— "It is only by language and by the eoniuuinity 3f language that men are formed intonations." Now, let me make this remark. He says there is no such thing as a Celtic skull or a Saxon skull. I suppose there is no such thing as a Jewish skull or an Aztec skull ; and yet I have read some very scientitic treatises in which I have seen the differ- ences in skulls pointed out. Again he says : " It is plain that what makes a nation is language, and therefore when one speaks of a race, as these distingiiiRlied writers have done, one means a cummunity speaking the same language." Now, I will explain how my hon. friend has fallen into such a proposition as this. DDAL LANUUAOR AMD FKDEKAI. (;OVRKNMKNT. 8 IS a c, 10 id He has read treatises on language, es- | pecially as it att'eclH ni jdern thought ; and it is rather — I do not' like lo say it, I do | not like to say that he did not understand < it, because it would be impolite, and 1 ^ could not be impolite — hut I will say this, that he is so busy a man that he has no time to inform himself properly, and per- haps he is too much of a Hi'^pn'ujt advocate to be accurate, and too much of a mere i lawyer to be a statesman. (Great laughter and cheers.) But renumber the two propositions that he lays down. The hrst proposition is, that langua^^e makes the race and the nation ; and as you may have seen in his speech delivered at Ottawa, he lays down the proposition that with diversity of lan- guage to make a nation is impossible. Now, the important thing about that proposition is this: It is sent broadcast into ignorant ears, and if that last proposition is true we may despair of Canada. (Hear, hear, from Sir John Macdonald.) That is the important thing about these hurried deductions from superfical studies. My hou. friend, in his Ott»««ra speech and in the speech delivered < House, also, talks about making this a 1a^, if they had not been dealt with with tiat wisdom, moder- ation and generosity that England has dealt out to all races with which she has come in contact in building up her colonial Em- pire, we should have a British colony here to-day ? I wunt to h -Ip my hon. friend. In the intervals of a busy life he is under- taking a crusade against a million and a half of people ; because it is a crusade, and he is undertaking a crusade against the Catholic Church. Nobody supposes thai I have any leaning to that church. I am a Radical on religious subjects — ♦,hat is to say, I am a very lo-v English Churchman. Somo Him. Meuibers. Oh 1 Oh ! Mr. DAVIN. Mr. Speaker, t am ad- dressing a lawyer mainly, and I am ad- dressing a legislative assembly, and every- body knows that, according to the old Roman law, I can become an Eni^lish churchman by adoption ; so I have be- come one by adoption. I want to help my hon. friend, because I have devoted some time to the study of history. I tell him that no assault from outside, no mat- ter how great, no catapults that have been brought against that church from outside have ever done it the least harm. The only harm that ever came to that church has been from volcanic eruptions from OCAL LAMOIj'AOfc ASD FKUEhAL OOVKRMMKMT. within, and then the nverflowinKS have carried nwuy aoineof iur fair«nt|i(m8tiB8i(>nd. (Clieors.) So thtit I hulp my hon. friend. 1 tull hiiu this : the way to HtrunKthtMi the Cathulic Church is to HHHail it, ami the way to solidify and make Froncli Cami- dians united — and I do not tiiink the French Canadian is a very objoctionahle person, for some of th«) most charming loen and ni'mt intelligent men I ever met w^re French Canadians — but still, as my hon. friend, with his superior culture, does not like them, I may tell him that if he wants to make the Fnaich Canadian ptrmanent and the French language enduring, the way to do it is to put the backs of the people up by such aaaaults as he is makini; thrfxi^hout the country. To show that I am speakinj^ by the bbok, lot ine rt ad some piissa^'ts here. I forgot, when dealill^ with the race question, to read a sentence in which my hon. frietid says : " Thi'V will gradimlly or rapidly, as he hoped, adopt Knulish mi^lhoda and Knglish ways of thought, and this country will be. as it ou^ht to be, an Ai>Klo-Haxon connminity." Fancy Bpeaking to a popular audience like this : •' \V»i caiiio together ; wo assoinblfd in a oon)- mon Parliament: but by the skilful dirortion of the Frencli-C'aiiadiun vote, and the ilesiro for power among the Kngllsh. and conseniicnt. divi- sion huiodk them, the French I'anadinnH wi're ulfiniati'ly able to place th' ir feet )n onr neckH and iiiipose laws on um coiitruiy toour will " I think myxelf it is nut too much to cay that, for a man of my learned ftieiids ex- perience as a statefinan, it is a pretty monstrous thinu!, m view of his hi^h pos- ition in Canada, to have addressed lan- guage like that to any audience. How did he tell them he intended to move this Bill? 1 confess the eloquence surprised me ; because, although I had often heard my hon. friend in this fjouso and else where, I did not think that lyric rapture was his forte. This is the'wayhedes ctibed it : "And I have undertsken the taB{c— and a more glorious task I never undertook— (loud ohoers)— that I shall be the mover oi that Bill." To be the mover uf a Bill of one clause, when there was no danger, no guns {mint- ed at my hon. friend, and to describe that u the most glorious task m his life leads me tn wonder what was the character uf the other glorious tasks he performed. The r Victciia (Mr. Fjarle,) said, with his usual ready wit, that we were better ofl" in this House than the House of Commons in England, for we had an " earl " amongst us. When I read that ulorious stateiiient of the hon. member for North Simcoe (Mr. Mc- Carthy,) I thought we were better ofi' still, for we have a hero in this House — H hero who chants his own epic, and there he sits. (tJreat laughter and cheers.) 1 say. Sir, that there is no fouodation whatever fcr these propositions laid down by my hon. friend (Mr. McCarthy), and I will prove that these propositions are false and misleading, and that, therefore, for a statesman as my friend is, and for a man of great inHuence mid j»o|)ular powerto disseminate thuse fal- li.cies thnuighout th^i country, is a very great crime and a very great misdemeanor at the bar of history. 1 would iiot care in the least what ho proposed to do if he did not fall into such fallacies, misleading as they aro and calculated to beget ideas which may tend indeed to the disruption of this country. Now, Sir, 1 will prove 1 '•V $ DUAL LANUUAOB AKtD FEDEUAL OUVKRITMhNT thi»t there is not a tittle of foundation for hU arguments. My hon. friend, when he was making U\h 8)ieech on this subject in the House, resorted to authority. It was • very natural thin^ for a lawyer to do, yet I may aay this, that what I shouUi i*x- pect fro'u a statesman would be "reason- ing " on this question. I should expect from him that he would reason this ques tion from hint.nric*l fac^s ; and th« histori cil facts bearing on it are numerous enough. I should expect to see him rea- sonini; from the existing political phen«i- mena in Europe, and then I should expect that he would draw deductions. But what does my hon. and learned friend d>>l He comes to us with authorities like a lawyer going beftire a court of appeal, and what, let me ask, are his authorities/ — magaziiiH articles, aiKl some of them writ- ten by tr'tmpery writers whose names will not even go down the gutter of time. Now, the hon. gentleman might have goriB to many existing countries for a parallel. He mii{ht have gone especially to Swjtzei- l,:nd. My hon. fritend from Bothwell (Mr. Mills) suggested Switzerland, and then my hon. and learned friend (Mr. McCarthy) interjected the remark, *' The French language is an exception in Swit- zerland." What the meaning of that observation is I do not know. How is it an exception in Switzerland \ The only meaning of that utterance of my hon. friend would be that the language was ex ceptionally used in that federal state. Why, Sir, there are only three federal states that I know of : Canada, the United States and Switzerland, and in two of these the French is an official language. Lei me say that Canada need not be ashamed to go to Switzerland for instruction. There id scarcely a coun- try which my reading makes me acquaint ed with so calculated to inspire intepest and so full of historical incidents that are imperishable. The development of that sountry has been extraordinary. The difTerenoes in its formation, its elevations, its soil and its climate are great and variew that it need not blush even in the face <>f Mont Blano. (OheHrs. ) There is a remarkable physical analogy between ihe co'ntries and when yon conie to c -mfiare the systems of gov- ernment there is a more remarkable atialo^y still. The very same <]uestion8 thnt are relegated to the Provinces in Caiiail;* are relei/ated to the Cantons in Switzerland ; and the very same questions that are ruleij;ated to the Federal Oovern meiit in Canada are relegated to the Ffdeiiil (tovernment in Sw'tZ'Tland which int'tftH at Berne. How many languages hiive you in the Parliament at Berne ? Why, Sir, tive language can be spoken there, ami thiee of thfse are official. I am n'>t saying that I approve of this. I am only stating facts from which deduc- tions can be drawn. But here is my hon. friend, a statesman that might be a dam alinl to nic. at whose feet 1 ought to sit ; here is my hon. and letrned friend dilat- ing on this question and telling us, in the face of the fact that Switzerland has endured since the I2th century, that it is the oldest republic that ever existed, 6 DCA.L LAirOCAOK ANLl PBDKHAL OOVKRNMRNT. that it! people are coiileiittd niu] prosper- oui ; that she is a pro:«pt)rous iiiaiiutaotur- ing cuuntry, and does not every one 'if ut know Nvliat iidiiiirablu articles tliey inunu- frtcturotherer-yet, in face of tlus fnct that that pi'ospfjroUH nation has threeotlioial lan- guages, my hun. and luantud friund ^ous abroad and tells the people that if thnie are two otiicial ian^uagcs in thi** i^oiintry wu can never hope to make a niition, that we may throw up the Hpon^o and write '*Ichabr)d" over our country. A mere statement of the fact without any argu- ment to support it in a n-diirtio ail uhsiirdum. My hon, and learnud fiienl telU us that you cannot have h nation un- less you have only one otiicial hinipendaKe which will cling t<> my hon. friend for a lon){ time. (Lauish- ter.) You know. Sir, that when the lion. gentleman Hpoke in tiiia tlft) a alin. nnd learned friend. It rt-ads : "And iii>w huvintr rulid tl\iit imci s and natioii.s, though hir«cl.v foriiiod by tho workiiiK of ai» artillcial law, are ^till veal and living thiii^!), Kroiips in whii.'h 1 hi' idoa of kindred in the idoft around w Inch evcryitiinK iia.s jfrown, liow arc we to dt'llno our racea a^d "ur nations ? How are we to niaik tUein oH' on • fioni the oihur? Htvirini; in mind tluMraulion-i andiiuali- tlcations whii'h havi! txM.-n already (fivoii. Dcar- iiiK ii> mind larKu t'la8<)litieal purprjses are .separate rmtions, 80 wilhovit community of languaK"' there may bo an arlitleial nulionality, a nationality whieli may be ^iwA for all political puri5oses, ami which may euKonder a (Miinmon mitiouHl feeling ; still, th'u is not quite the same thing as that fuller naiii>ual unity which is fidt where th'iri- i-< c(^rul^) Semitic, as is spoken by the Turks. He does the same thing as Max Muller ; he deals with an extraorditiary phenomenon in modern life, brought about by a strong l>ent to phih - logical studies ; for people are giving in this late day an importance to language that was not given bef »re ; and when you lead the at tide, you will find that Free- man u-408 the word "exceptions" in an extraordinary way. Ue actually uses the wi»rd for the majority, and why does he do it i Because he lays down this propo- sition : that there are now certain nations which are formed on this idea, but he says the exceptions all over Europe are very large. Now, if the House will bear with m.i I will give them an idea "f this article ; but, first, let me ask why did not my hon. friend read on ( You will see lu a minute. U(^AL LANUUAaK ANU Ki:ll>BKAL OOVKKNiVrENT. If ho had gone on, he would have rond that ill tilt) lait^or couiitrius of Europe provido us witlj exceptions — Kiij^laud, France, (lermiiiy, Italy, even Austria. Freeman points out that there are islands which hotli speech and i^eof/rapliical posi- tion seem to mark out as Fn-nch, ^ut which are En>^lish— a8 truly Eiii^lish, as truly devoted to England, as truly a ptrt of the British Empire in feefing. as the people of London. I alhide to tho peo|>lH of the Channel Isles, lumi of the same Hood precisely and coming from the sani.i district of France as the French Canadians They are, I will say, as true to Englaii'l, I believe, as the French C madians are to Confedt-ration. Why ( Freeman asks. Because circumstances led them to cleave to England though their kindred in Nor- mandy becm'ie P^rench ; and one again and again sees in the article — which I hope my hon. and learned friend did not read — that circumstances control more than lan- guage. The insular Norman, though speaking French, did not become a Frenchman, and he is to-day a loyal part of the British nation speaking French. "Thoue instances," says Frepnmn, "and count- less othors. hear otU the position, that wtiilo foiii'iiuiuty f)f liunfiuiK'" isfix! most ot)\io\is siK'i ofcoinnioii !iiili;)niilify, while it, is thW9 very well that there have been articles in the English press of Canada wliich if a niati were to take as an expo- nent of the sentiment of the Canadian people he would be regarded as demented — will any man suppose that if Quebec could to-day do what she pleased, she would cut the painter with this country and England, and go over to Franco ? (r>'ies of "No !" from the French mem- bers, and "Never ! "'). You know very well, from the character of the people, from their pnliticd and religious convic- tions, that they cling to the British flag- Now, Freeman points out that political and other reasons foibade the annexation by fidrmaiiy .>f ipiite a number of coun- tries ; and *.]\ei\ ha omes to those parts of the world where people who are con- fe^sedly of dili'erent races and language, iiiliihit a continuous territory and live under the same Hag. Then Freeman in- stances — and, of course, my hon, friend, when ({uotiii/ Freeman, fought shy of this, whicli w( uld he all right, you know, before a jury, but it is not right before the jury of- the [le^ pie of Canada — the Swiss Confederation, which he says has what my friend quoted iiim to prove that it it cnld not have, namely, a full right to be called a nation in a political s^nso. (Cheer*.) j " It has beep forniort on a principle directly j opposite to the identity of race and lanffiKiKe- Thnt ('o'lfciicnitinn is fornied hy the.uiiion of cerirtin detjiclie I fftisf (Jorjnaii. It ilian anil Hiiixundia'i nations, ({ernian is undoiit)t- edly the I'ln^fUijco of I he Kreit ni ijority of the ' nation. \i\\t the two r'^rop;:iisod Itomanii') lanKuaijes are oa'-h the spi>e('h of a larKc; minor- ity forming a visililo eloinent in the jji^iioral body. ■ ' * While German, French ' and Italian are ail reco'irnisod as national ! l.iiiK'i IK''-" by the *i ijss (^onfed'-ralion, th'' in ' deoeridi'iit Honiance ianarnajcc wlii(!h is still used In s iini! jiaris of the (Linton of (ir lUbU'ideu, ; that which is known specially as Homansch, la I not recognised." M irk his word, in that article : i " It Is left in tho same position in which Welsh a-ul (iMelii! are h^ft in (irent Uritain, in whiih Mascmo, Hreton. Wroviiocal. \V aldoon and Kleinisti are left in the bonhirs of that I French kingdom, which has jfrown so as to take ; them all in." j Now, what doe^ Mr. Preeman say of this I S*i88 Confederation, which has five lan- i linages and three otUc.ial languages ? I "Vet sorely," he says, "the Swiss Confedera- tion is a nation. For all political mirpuses the Hwisst'onfiMleiMtlon w a nation, one capable of as strong and true national fcclinK as uuy other nation.' Dt7AL LANOUAOE AND FEDBilAL UOVBBITMES^. Yet this man has been qu<»ted to prove that Canada, with tw<) lanKua^es, could not be a nation ! (Cheers. ) May I not apply his lan){uage to Canada, and say that surely ('anada with her two official languages, if tht^y are to prevail, can sure- ly become a nation. (Renewed cheers.) Then my hon. friend quotes this writer again to prove that identity of speech is necessary to make a nation, and that di- versity of langua^^e is fatal to the exist- ence of a nation — that two or moreotticial languages are fatal to a nation, and that identity of language and race will aloiie make one. What does Mr. Freeman say? He says : , . "We now come to the other countries in which nationiility and language keep the connection which I hey have clsewliere, but in whicli na- tions do not, even in the roughest way, answer to Governments." Can you havea greater repudiation thnii that of my hon. friend's theory ? (Hear, hear) Here is a language and it in no way answers to the (iovernment that exists. "In eastern Europe," Mr. Freeman tells us, "a nation's nationality, as marked out hy na- tional feeling, has ultogclhor parted lompany from political government." And he instances Turkey, Austro-Hung- ary, Greece, Bulgaria and Servia : "In all those l.inAs." says he. "there Is no dif- ficulty in marking ofTthe several nations— (that is by speech onlyl- in no case do the nations answer to any existing political power. In these landu, moreover, religion takes the pluce ited him to provel (Hear, hear.) Therefore, I have conclud- ed, because I know u>y hon. friend is an honourable man, that ho did not read the article, or he read it in such a cursory manner that he did not grasp the idess that inspired it. Well, all I can say is, that if he takes up his knowledge as cer tain birds take their food, on the wiun, it is no wonder why his conclusions should be so flighty. (Laughter and cheers.) My hon. friend comes from the country whence I myself come. Iieland can boast of him amongst her distinguish- ed lawyers. Does identity of language make community of sentiment, communi- ty of race, and community of nation there? Why, do we not know that for hundreds of years the Saxon has been de- nounced in the Saxon tongue ? So that there were at my hon. friend's door facts that might have preveiited him, if he had the time for reflection, from falling into the errors he has fallen into. Now, I hardly think it worth while to deal with his allusions to Mr. Meruier, his allusions to French newspapers, his quotatitms from The Month— The Month he cited as an authority. Why did he quote The Month as an authority ? "Why," he said, "it was an authority last year, i.nd it ought to be an authority now" ; but if I leniem- ber rightly, my hon. and loartied frieinl the Minister of .Justice quoted it last year to prove that certain views, which had been quoted from a review by my hon. friend, had not been acknowledged or ac- cepted as the views of a certain section of the Christian Church. That, as I re- member, was the way it whs used ; but if it was made an authority last year impro perly, that would be no reason for lepeat- iiig the error. Then my hon. friend quot- ed from the Catholic World ~tn prove what ? To prove that the French Cana- dian IS hostile to and is parting company with the English. Well, my hon. friund knows very well a Urge class — a class for which I have the greatest possil ''j respect; my own blood, I suppose flows in their veins— exists which have not the same re- u:iT(l for Euiilan 1 that I have. He kr ows very well that the people for whom the i'athotic World is written are people who would like to hoar that certain sections f the North- West was not a losing; speculation. Is tliere a man in the country who fools th'jcost of the Can- adian Pacitic Railway ? Is there a man in the counti'y who objects to the coal of that railway I Sill UICHARD tJARTNVKlGHT ; "Yes," Except some dreaming pesHimist* ? (Cheori.) L >ok at the increased wealth, in the last seven years, of Montreal, look at the increased wealth of Toronto, look at the increased wealth of the utanufao- turing towns in Ontario, look at the ex- tension of manufactures in Ontario, look at the fact that merchants and manu- facturers tell me that the North- West is a magniticent customer to Ontario The hon. gentleman goes on to saying some- 10 D0AX LANarAOE AND FBDBRAL OOVBRNMRJtT. thing about the depreciation in the value of farms. I have looked into the reports of Mr. Bleu, and I know he generally takes a gloomy view of things, but he does not say that the farms of Ontario have depreciated in value. We know that as farms glow old — and they are not always cultivated as they should be here — they cannot be expected to be kept up to thmr original value. 1 do not think the utterances of the hon. gentleman on this subject were the utterances of a statesman. Look at the fact that the North- West has been opened up, that we have a vast railway there ; that we have farms there to which our children can be sent; that we raise wheat in the North- West, of which I have a specimen here, (holding up a bag) the like of which can- not be produced in any other part of Can- ada. I have specimens of wheat which have been grown near Ilegina, Moose Jaw and other partft of the district whiuh I have the honour to represent, and near- ly nine-tenths of that wheat have been graded No. 1 Hard. Is not that an ac- quisition of wealth to this country ? (Cheers.) If the hon. gentleman were right, we might apply Horace's illustra- tion to his statement, where bespeaks of plucking one hair after another out of a horse's tail. If this country is of no value, of courte the more you diminish the size of Canada, by a parity of reason ing, the ncher we shall become. This is one of those utterances which, I think, are inexcusable in a man of the hon. gentleman's experience. I have already shown that my hon. friend has been guilty of the most glaring inaccuracy in other points; l)ut he also lold the House, in his carefully considered speech, that a newspaper published in the North- West, called, I think - let me see -the R^gina Leader, never said a word about the dual language; that it had been silent upon that subject while other papers had spok- «n about it. I might refer the hon. gentleman to the issue of that paper of Septembar 10, 1889, and here I 6nd a whole column headed "The Dual Lang> uage," from which I will read a few passages to the House : "It is palpable in a country such as ours, njortcration ih ab.solutely necessary in order that it 8hi>!l develop proKuJss aud culminate. If in any province or territory two languages ure unnoce»8ary in ofHciHl work, then the pro- pel thing is to disiMiss in a calm tind collected manner the question \^ bother their use shall be continued or ft rniinntcd. Mr. Dnlton Mc- (Jarthy in one of his speeches said he did not know that the French Innguuge was reiiuired h/ law in these Territories, Yet lie was in I'arlianient in Wl, when Mr. Mills brought in his Hill to amend this Act and, not to be more particular, he was in Farliaiiiont, in 1886, when the lie vised Statutes were passed, yet he did not know until the early part of last session that su.-'h WIS the law. This throws a remarkable light on the ignorance of eastern politicians re- garding the North W'«!8t, and might indeed give lisu generally to curious rettections. He la evidently not aware that the subject has been discussed among politicians In the North- West, or that had he never raised the question It would be raised here. Everybody acquainted with our leading men knew how the matter stood. Let it be raised, but when raised let us discuss it as statesmen should discusLi it, with- out violent or offensive language. We need hardly sty that Mr. McCarthy naving sat in Parliament since 1876, having voted on the Re- vised Statutes, is one of ihe persona who passed the law in its present state. He is responsible *or it. Like every political and administrative question its exptdiencyor the reverse may he properly discussed. If it should be decided that in any part of the Dominion the dual lang- uage is not necessary, let it be abolished with- out excitement ordithyranibics, and vice versa,' I hear one of my hon. friunds laughing at the word " di thy rambles," but if he will get a dictionaiy and look up the word, he will tind that it bears a stnmg appli- cation to thit speech at Ottawa to which I referred — , - .. " In regard to race questions we say this : In the Uominion of Cantula every man is equal befoiethe law, and whatever be his mother ton^yue, whether he be Celt or Saxon, Celto- Latm or Saxon-Celt, whether he be a Scoto- Indian or Franco-Indian [Mitin), he stands on the same footing under o\ir coretitution before the law, and to try to give the Saxon or the Celt or the Cello-Latin any predominance or to seek to suppress or tmjustly repr- :»8 one or the other would be to take a course co-itrary to civil liber- ty and to the constitution which secures equal rights to all. We are in a new coimtry in the North- West, let us make a new start and discuss any question that may arise, not in the deceiv- ing glare of prejudice, but in the clear cold light of reason; nay, in the broad illumination of the Gospel of our Lord, who taught us that all men arebre. hrcn. If the continuance of the dual language is to be discussed it should bo discuss- ed in the same practical temper, the same ab- sence of excitement, as we would discuss the building of a bridge over Hoggy Creek. It is not necessary to be violent or olfensive, to rail at this or the other section of the community, but DUAL LANaCAGB AND FBDEKAL nOVZRSttZVt. 11 to take up a question of practical action in a practical nianiiir and looking at it on all siJes come to what, will have, under Hucli ouiet and balanced conditions, a chance of proving a wise conclusion." The Swiss question is thtin dealt with. But the fact that my hnn. friend, in a carefully prepared speech, could state that The Leader had made no reference whatever to this question, shows the glar- ing inaccuracy that characterised the i whole speech. Now, the federal system i to which I referred, requires two things. , You must Hrst have a body of communities i such as we have in Canada, such as they ' have ill the United States, such as they i have in Switzerland, and these con.mun- ' ities must have a common bond of senti- ment. They must desire union but not I unity ; they must have a loyalty to their i State or Province, and at the same time a loyalty to the Federal Government. If, of course, they desired unity, the proper thing would be a central government ; but where they desire to come together and get something that will give them the impress of a nation and yet keep auton- omous their own State or Province, the proper solution is a Federal Government, and that Federal Government may be caJled upon to deal with different races, with different languages, with men of dif- ferent religions, as we see in Switzerland and as we see in Canada. Sir. I consider that here in Canada we have all the con- ditions that are neceesary to produce a strong federal people. In peace, the loyalty to the State or Province will be high. In war, the loyalty to the Federal Government will be high. If Canada were assailed from without to-day you would Und that every feeling that is pro- vincial in the breasts of Quebeckers, in the breasts of Now Brunswickers, in the breasts of Nova Scotiaus, in the breasts of the people of the North- West Terri- tories and of British Columbia, would all disappear in the grand federal feeling that they should fight for their common country. Why, Sir, how little language has to do with preventing people - from beoomnig citizens of a country. I have travelled in Alsace Lorraine where the people speak Gem'sn. They are now under the German flag, but gladly would thoy go back. They fought gallantly under the French banner. A more loyal part of France that Alsace-Lorraine did not exist. Then take the Bretons. I saw in the summer of 1870, Gen. frochu review 300.000 Breton mobiles in the streets nf Paris, and there was not a man under iHe rank of ofhcer who could speak French ; yet these men, when the h<»ur of peril came, went into battle an-l fought just as gallantly and just as eagerly as the men who spoke French. (Cheers.) Now, Sir, heated harangues like these, whose dangers I have exposed to night, I hope will cease. They can reflect no honour on my hon, and learned friend, and 1 speak with truth when I say that I would be jealous for his honour. There is no position that he could attdiii, there is no reputation, however bright, that he could make, which would not give me great pleasure. But such harangues as these can reflect no credit on him &n a statesman, and they are capable of doing incalculable damage to his country. I, for one, whether we have a dual language or not, have no fear whatever for Canada. I am perfectly certain of Canada's future. History teaches me lessons that history, if he studies it, will teach my hon. and learned friend. Why, Sir, does he know any<^hiiig of the genesis of nations 1 Does he know how one country after another has risen, and how they have spoken difi'erent languages, and how they have come together, and fought under different banners, and lived under different gov- ernments, and gradually become assimilat ed until the difference of language disap- peared, and sometimes a new language was evolved 1 History will teach my hon. 12 DVAI. LANOUAOB AND riDBRAL aOVBRITMRMT. friend that he can dispel those fears that have tortured his imagination, and with which he has sought to inflame the passions of the people of this country. The main propositions that are behind his speech, I have shown to be absolutely without foundation ; 1 have shown that the deduction he has drawn from those propositions are fallacious ; I have shown that the authorities that my hon. friend has quoted, and Las p«raded before this House, actually teach something else ; and I do hope that there is that grandeur of soul in my hon. and learned friend that he can come to the conclusion that he has been in error, and will determine to mend his ways. (Loud and prolonged cheers.) id lis * J iir id \t le d ^m > RRATA. -On page 6, in second column instead of r ot Because, as you know, the Magyar is a formnf Ti! "^' ^^ '" ^' '•^"d «poken by the Turks. " ^ """" °^ ^'^'^ «^"»« Turanian speech as is