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Sciences
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Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiquos
1980
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Vational Boundary Line ^m*— •*—«••— ••-"••^•••^
'fhrough and Local Steamera, dotted reS Htv
i^aitroads, aoHd red line
•TheT5uplsfs • Ide
O
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A
Sahtead'a^ "V^^^
THE ONIiT AUi-BAIL BOUTE TO TH
THE GREAT HIGHWAY AND FATOBITE BOUTE F<
Solid Trains with Elegant Sleeping Oars leave Niagara Falls daily 8.10 p. m. for Thousi
with powerful steamers of Kichelien s Ontario Navigiition Co. for Alexandria Bay, Montr
and running all the Rapids of the River St. Lawrence by daylight, the most attractive trip
White Mountains and Portland Express leaves Niagara Falls daily except Saturday at
connections at Norwood for Massena Springs ; at Moira for Paul Smith's and Adirondack
and famous Crawford Notch to Portland, with immediata connections for Bar Harbor, Ol
train stops at all principal resorts in the White MountainB.
Sleeping Cars on Night Trains and Drawing-Boom Cars on Day Trains from Niagara F
oounuctfon is made by all trains with Palaoa Steamer "St. Lawrence" for all Thousand IsJi
1»W4,
SCALE OF MILES
H
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^ T la B S I. Y ^ ISLAND *_ J^^ . "^ "
S li A N D
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MOUSAND ISLAND
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T^uojiENqr i. /. '^
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^tiflD ISLAND
CENTRAL PA
/V-"
^
FISHERS
LANOINQ
.23
LEXANDRJA BAY
■Ol.-
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LOCAL DISTANCES.
MILBB
Cape Vincent to Carlton Island 2
« " *• Prospect Park — 13
14 «« " Clayton 14
41
44
" Round Island 16
*• Thousand Island
Park 18
" Fi8her*8 Landing. 90
XILBI.
Cape Vincent to Alexandria Bay ... 26
»f »• '• Kingston 16
" " *' Gananoqne 19
Alexandria Bay to Westminster
Park 1
" •• •' Bockport S
" " " Central Park... t
Nar
1. Ca
S. 6t
8. Ca
4. Re
5.
6.
7. W
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J. Pr
8. W
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limil
rists • Ideal • Route •
[!• ROUTE TO THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.
)BITE ROUTE FOB FASHIONABLE PLEASURE TBATEL.
ly 8.10 p. m. for Thousand Islands, making immediate connections at Clayton without transfer,
Mexandria Bay, Montreal, Quebec and the BiTer Saguenay, passing all the Thousand Islands
the most attractive trip in the world.
ily except Saturday at 8.10 p. m. with through Sleeping Cars I7iagara Falls to Portland, making
nith's and Adirondack resorts, and running through the heart of the Mountains via Fabyan's
Ions for Bar Harbor, Old Orchard, Kennebunkport and all Sea Coast resorts of Maine. This
Trains from Niagara Falls, Bochester, Syracuse and Utioa to Clayton [Thousand Islands], where
e" for all Thousand Island Besorts.
LE8
AlW*'
andrta
Bau
to Mo"
itKSttl 1*^
. 'CHIMNEY I.
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23
INDRIA BAY ^'^0''
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10
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tmlnster
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1 Park... t
Names of Points indicated by Figures in Red.
1. Carlton Island
2. Governor's Island Ex-Lient.-Gov. T. G. Alvord.
8. Calumet Island Mr. Chas. Q. Emery, New York.
4. Rock Island Light-Hoase, head of American Channel.
K J Occident anoOrient E. R. Washbnm, New York.
''' J Isle of Pines Mrs .E.N. Robinson, New York.
8. Frederick Island C. L. Fredericks, Carthage, N.Y.
7. WellBley House.
( Rev. Goodrich, LAfargeville, N. Y.
R WAvinv nnmehRH / Arthur Hi^hes, Stone Mills, N. Y.
8. Waving Branches < Pfgderick Smith, Watertown, N. Y.
( L. S. Ainsworth, Watertown, N. Y.
( Prof. A. B. Brown, Carthage, N. Y.
9. Jolly oaks. >?„,5jjj;g,^°. :: ::
( Hon. W. W. Bntterfield, Redwood, N. Y.
Names of Points indicated by Figures in Red.
10. Island Royal Royal E. Deane, New York.
11. Seven Isles Bradley Winslow, Watertown, N. Y.
11. Point Vivian; Resot Tozer, J. J. Kinney, Dr. Jones,
Geo. Jones, William Cooper, and others. Stone Mills,
New York.
13. Bella Vista Lodge P. J. Bosworth, Newport, R. I.
14. Comfort Isiand A. E. Clark, Chicago .
15. Warner Island H. H. Warner, Rochester, N. x.
16. Cherry Island U'.l.^'ilX''''"'^'-
17. WauWInet C. B. Hill, Chicago.
18. Nobby Island., H. R. Heath, New York.
19. Welcome Island. S. O. Pope, Oedensburs.
ao. Linlithgow Island R. A. Livingston, New York.
21. Bonnie Castle Holland Estate.
22. Isle Imperial Mrs. H. G. Le Conte. Philadelphia.
23. Point Marguerite S> Anthony, New York.
24. Sport Island Packer Estate.
^1 j-Summerland Group.
27. Manhattan Group.
'i »
h
/'^
c:^ . y' V^ di_^
A soii\/ih:nir
I
T/i
('
Thousand Islands
ol' TlIK
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER
I'KoM
KINGSTON /NO CAPE VINCENT TO
MORRISTOWN AND BROCK VI LLE
WITH
Their Recorded History from the Earhest Times, their Legends, their Romances,
their Fortifications and their Contests
INCI.IDIM; liOTII TIIIJ
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED
mil, I urcs ofXalural Srenny, as uril as Pu/nns of nuv.y Suuun.r I W,,.. S/raun;.
/•'is/iiiii;- Sieiii-s, &(•.
I 'ill ilisslied l>y
JNO. A. HADDOCK, of Watertown, N. Y.,
•ndc.,Ml,oK^nPo,,K,c.o,',|,..TI,o,..nn.lI.i.,,,,(Plui.orAlc.;..,n.lPiaB.y
PRINTED AND BOUND BY THE
WEED-PARSONS PRINTING CO.,
ALBANY, N. V.
AI.KXANDRIA !!AV, N. Y.
I»95
Mr. [..UN A. IIm.imm k
COMMENDATORY.
Oi I II I >}[■ {■oKNWAIJ. HKOS.
AllA\M>KIA li\N, N. v., 0<l,"\f 31. I>i)).
/\,ii Sir— 1 have lu'ard thai vou arc alxuil [.rrparmL: d\\ (.•laliiiralc ami liiulhv illiis.
iralcd liisiory of our rivc-r, 10 be sold as a iiKin- u-.inliy S,.iivLiiir of our river and i-laiids
linn has yet ajipcared. I have for soine vears fell ihr u-anl of siieh ;i bonk, many eopie-
of which my sons could sell over their counter here if it could have been |ir.jcine,|.
llaviiifT known you personally ma-'y years, I have full faith in your ability and /e.d f.ir
the preparation of sm h a work, and I wish you much success and em ouiaf^emenl in
your labor, which will, I hope, be 11 inunc iali\ e.
N'our fiiend,
ANDRIAV CORNWAI.I..
(Iliu dl" llle ..Tii;iii.il .luiKls nf all Ihe AliuncMii islail.K liuiii K,,uilfl Isl.iii.l I.. M.MHl.mn
'■■i^\ "ill' I- 01 JAMi:s r. SI'i:.Vri:R. -so Hkom'u w, Nru Vokk
Ml. |oii\ A. IIai'Ihiik, Wai I kidw n, N. Y.:
A/v /',/' ,s>; — lla\iii:: heaid you express your ideas as to a needed bo,d< wliii h
should suitably illu-trate the natural bearrties of the Thousarrd Island Archipelag.i of
the St. Lawrence, with views of leading cottages ,itrd sketches of the iiidividii.ds occu-
pving them, I take pleasure in approving voiir plan, and do not hesil.iti-, froirr inv
knowledge of you per sorially. to firl Iv believe yon will carry out all von umleilake irr
making a book which will be a .Sorrvenii to be Ireasureil by all wdio can appreciati' the
grandest river and the niosi beautifirl islands itpori the globe. Wishing you great
succiss, I rem.iin,
X'eiy tr rilv vruirs,
-Summer resideme, ,, JA.MI'.S C. SI'1:\'(:i;K,
.M \MI \ I I AS I.-l \M., /■/,,■- /'(,,. /,/,•/// 77i,;i.uiiia hlni.i ( liil..
\\ 1 \ WhUIA Ww , .\. V.
INTRODUCTORY.
'"■■^'^'•^ ''.>vc iKvn many attempts ., ,lcpu:t the Tlu.u.an.l Islands, wth ,l,ci, .v.r
varymg. cha,„ctul scenery, and the „pulenee of their later a.h.rnment. Son.e of these
>^'tnrts have been honest hut ineffieient, some spora.iu- and lltful, others restdtin.^ onlv ,n a
l-T attempt „. make tnoney out of a subject too grand for such a purpose. And s,',, ve.r
at.cr year, these ish.nds have lacked a chronicler and a .lelineator u-ho should present
' "I'N ki.ai I 111, i>,||;.
All K I i; II 1 -, k I, s 1, k \ K II
I" tins spint. then, this .look ,s issued, ,n the full hehe. that it .ill ,111 a nant uhicl, has
"" ['' '";."'^ "^'^' '"^^^ >'-"-^ --^"- ■-^■"i.-. and appro lative class who come
-"-ally to th,s section, the in.portance of uhi,,. appears now to be permanentlv established.
JNO. A. HADDOCK,
.Address on l!ie River
\V.\ ri-.K low.v, N. V.
CaKK (>!. C.'okXWAir, IlN(i>.."
AlKXAMiKIA 1;a\, X. W
■ " i — tf gf jc. >:.\T7 . ■ t ji t :
-v^
j^e-
■e-H
THt HAPI'Y ISIANDS.
lU (;i..,,li,,H ( Hk»,,1„1n.
I'Ihii , vvhrj,' .1 IlLHisaiiil Islands sicoi..
"'"iiu; piiUiriy ffoiii .\i.i«ara's Icaj,
Tlic liliiidod laki-s with tirclpss Kwci^p —
\'.is| l.iki-s. whirl) Hoar ihc uraiii and ore
< >t Miit;lilv Stales from shore lo shore,
A iliousand Ijillowy miles and more.
lis ihcre (lie .eiiicrnii; waters nieel
In riisl] siililiriii- and beauty sweet,
W'ln. h w( virh happy thrills shall greer —
We who in fevered towns have siglied
Kor (jreen .ind watery s()aces wide.
.\rid Nature's rnrir niirrint; love beside.
Ah, here rhey arc! The river here.
Swift, slow, tiinuiltiioiis, crysial-ele.ir,
l-appiiig ihe islands which iiprear
I'heir rocky heads witli cresrs of trees,
lias sure enchaninieiils to release
Ihe heart, and change its pain to peace.
Hail ' River of the Thousand Isles '
Which so enchants and so beyiiiles
\\ ith coiinilrss charms and countless wiles
'■"low on iinpent, forever free
-And [laiiseless to Ihe oc<'an-sea
Which belts the globe's inuiiensity.
.Not there out goal. Here, liei<' wf si.iv
Amid the islands green and gray.
Nor strive, but idly tloat and play
Along tlie river's glints and gle.inis,
.\nd yield to reveries and dreams
With which the i|uickcned fancy leiMiis.
Here where ihe airs are always pure.
And wave and earth and sky allure.
■And whisper, " l,ei ihe best endut(.\"
Ihe u-iser thoughts and insiincis grow.
I leans truer feel and surer know,
.\iid kindle to a tenderer glow.
St. Lawrence River, here we rest,
.And liere we end our wandering ipiesi
lo reach the Islands of the Hli'st.
Where Nature's sweetest sweets abound
.Are sacred waters, sacred ground —
The Earthly Paradise is found!
1
■e-{
■ip
THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.
INTRODUCTORY AND DESCRIPTIVE.
(^ilKRK is in North Ameiira a mi-luy
^ liver, havint; its head in remote hikes,
whieh thoujrh many in nnnibjr, arc yet so
1,'real that one of them is kuinvn as the hir^est
l)0(ly of fresh water on the gh, he — with a
flow as phiciil and jjulseless as the great
I'aeilie iisrh', yet as swift in phices a-T the
average speed of a railway train. Its waters
are pure and a/.iire-iiiied, no matter iiow many
tiirhid streams attempt to dellle them. U is
a river that has no freshets nor scarcely any
drying up. no matter how great the rain or
snow-fall or how severe the drouth on all its
thousand miles of drainage or of Ijow — so
,^rand and yet so lovingly lieatitifiii as to
enthral every appreciative sold.
It rises in the great fresh-water sea, and
ends in the great .Atlantic — some places ten
miles wide, at others less than a mile. 'I'his
great river has never as yet had a respectable
history, nor more than an occasional artist to
delineate its beauties. It runs for very many
miles between two great nations, yet neglected
l)y both, though neither could be as^ great
without it— a river as grand as the I,a Mata,
as picturesipie as the Rhine, as pure as the'
Lakes of Switzerland. Need we say that this
wonderful stream is the St. Lawrk.nck, the
noblest, imrest, most enchanting river of all
(iod's beautiful earth ?
■rhis noble stream drains nearly the whole
of that vast region lying between the 41st and
49th degrees of north latitude, and the 60th
and 93d parallels of longitude — a region per-
l;aps not as extensive nor as productive as
that drained by the mighty Mississippi, yet the
How of water in the St. I.awreiue must exceed
that in the Mississippi, for the current in the
former is rapid, while the latter, except in
,gn-eat freshets, is contented with a medium
How. Rising in 49 north latitude, the waters
of the St. Lawrence How (l,,wn through their
many lakes to near the 41st jiarallel, whence
they are impinged towards the north, and at
Cape Vincent take an almost northeast < otirse
foll,)wing that general direction until they
reach the great sea— entering it on almost-
the same meridian of longitude that crosses its
remote source in British North .America. Why
its history has so long remained unwritten,
and why this noble river is not more generally
known, is perhaps a.counted for in' part bv
tl«e fa.t that the St. Lawrence traverses a
region ot country remote from the yreat
ll> 'roughfares of the world's .ommerce or
trade. It lies along the boundary line of
i'Hsiness. Its banks, to be sure, are dotted
here and there with thriving towns and cities,
several ol considerable importance in thJ
world's traffic, but its gran.l use is in connect-
m.n the great lakes with the ocean. The region
through which it passes is one of great intePest
1 he geological formation attracts the atten-
tion of the student and the artist. It bears on
Its tace the unmistakable traces of a primeval
•ondition, found nowhere else on our <„n-
tinent, and probably not in more sinkin-^
beauty anywhere on the fa<e of the globe. Its
pictures<,ue win.lings, pure water, wonderful
atmosphere, and great and aried beauiv of
scenery, are wi-nessed in such won.ierful and
lavish [)rofusi(jn nowhere else.
. / s,<ri /:.\/h' ,1/ rill s r. i.\wi<i-\ii, ia\i:i<.
'I'lu- air is ,111 c'k'iiicii'. ul' iiidvc Wdiili ili.iii
wciLilil, ,111(1 CM crds all iitlicr^ in its ,iliilil\ id
iiiiliart |ili.Msiiic .111(1 ciiiiiroii, ,1s u ell as to |i,iiii
and annoy. l-',\ ci\' plc.isuro or pain is al'tV'( tnl
liy tlu' iiiMJiiv of tlu' .lir wr IjiLMtlic. 'I'lu'
atinosjilu-ic li,is lint (jiily to do with our ti'inpo-
ral li,i]i|iircss and conii'iiri, Imt it li,is \crv
inii< li to do with making rli,ir.i('lcr . It has
lu'vii ol/sci\a'd th,il llic iiili,iliilants ul' liij;li.
ni,m;oil coimtrir-., who lircailif the clr.ir, purr
air ot luMwn, ,iri' tliosr u ho ronu' nr.irrst ici
liviii- llir li\i'^ ot" nolilr trrcnuai. 'I'hr spirit
of lihertv .md lioiKu- is ,.ii,| i,, inli.ihit the
mountains, wliih- the spirit ot dc-piMidoncr.
sloth and \rn,iliiy is tound in the hiiinid,
luxurious low (duntrics ; and as man, so nature
p.irtakes of that spirit ,md element wliicli luiild
up and liciiiliry. The air of the .St. I„iwren(c
region is one of its greatest ,iitr,i( ticnis. It is
pure, ( le,ir and invigorating. The e,n Iv (Liu n
.md the evening twilight there are among the
lo'. client on the glolie.
.\e\l to ,iir in import mie i nines \v,iter. the
eldest (hiugliter of ( rcuion. It w,!s upon the
water that the spirit of . re,ition first moved.
Il is ( oiipled with w,iter th.it the greate-<t
lie.iiit) in n.iture is found. It is the element
t'l.it (lod commandeil to liriiig tortli li\in^
ereatiires ahund.intlv : the elemen' witlioiit
which all creatures on l.ind, as well as those
within its fdlds, must jierish. .Moses gives it
the lirst [ilace. .md justly so, hec.uise out of it
all things came. Nowhere is there :x stream
which resemhles the St. Lawrence in the
particul.ir feature of its purity and the rare-
fving influences of the atmosphere. Througli-
oul its L'litire length this gre.it sire.im has the
< leariies> .md puiitv of ,i mouni.iin spring, and
the w.iter ,ind air cDinhinc to m.ike more
lie.iutifnl and enioy.ihle those natur.il attrac-
tions in scenery for whi( li it is f.isi liecoming
known to the tr.iveler .md the W(jrld in general.
N'et its wonderliil lire.iiith of attracli\-encss, iti
all its w ide r.mge, is e\-en more iinperfec tly
understood.
If the w.iters of the St. [..iwrence are
.ittr.ictive and full of enjoyment and rec rea-
tion for the pleasure-seeker, its thousands of
beautiful islands present |iictiires grand and
siiMmu' — pictures of which the poet-painters
lia\e only dre. lined, l', idiii.intic .mil un-
written history is mily an altr.idive Held m
which f.ii Is assume the ,iir of licilon. The
romance ot .\iiieri( in histurv is an interesting
■ md imporiant h.irve^t. which is f.isi passing
au.i\, .md soon will '.w lost forever, unless
g.iincred into the gre.ii treasure-house of the
piinted p.ige, where il can he preser\ed lor
the ( (lining ages. .\o sei lion of the continent
IS the scene of events more important and
numerous, in our unwritten histor\-, ih.iii that
through whiih this great river tlows. for
it li.is been the |irin( ip.d artery along which
the |iulse ot ci\ ili/.iti(in throhhed for a^es in
il> struggles lo penetrate the unknown region
of the inland se.is of the fir West.
Its civilization is older tli.in that of ,iii\
other section of the continent. The scenes
and struggles on its hanks li.i\e Keen noliler,
gr.mder and more persistent th.m those of ,iny
other --ection. Nowhere else ( ,in lie found such
determined and i len iilean elTorts, Coupled
"itli this, in turn, li,ive ( ome some of the
siililiniest and grandest ex.iinples of ('liristi,in
taitli and forhearence to lie Inuiid anvwhere,
for the i.-ivili/.ition and ( i)n\ersion of the
native North .\nieri(an ,ind the possession of
this continent. .Miiiost everv vilhige and
hamlet ' especi. illy of the lower portion of
the river — h.is a history full of stirring records,
important in the lirst settlement of this ( oiiti-
nent, while the upper St. I ..iwrence is (Inseh
idiaitified with all the le.iding events of the
(.■arl\- history of our own countrv ; and, in
addition to this, has an interesting loi^al liis-
tiM-v, illustrative of the events and trials un-
dergone li\ .1 struggling pioneer jieople '' r
the enjoymenl of the pric eless boon of Liberty.
To reach back down the line of vears past,
and g.iiher up the forgotten and almost lost
scenes and incidents, and weave about these
newly-discovered sources of beauty .md popu-
lar resources of pkMsure the history of c'.irly
days and discoveries, and preserve il all. em-
bellished by the hand of the .artist, bir future
ages, is not a work of ease, though we have
found it a work of iileasure. Historv will take
us back more th.in lifleeii hundred vears, and
I
w
w
/.\ '/'A'(>/)fr/'iiA'y
«•(■ lind i!ki1 \hri\- aw (v\\ marlvrs in tlu'
('liiircli ot Roiiu- uhosc naiiu'orfanu' rests iipdn
d iiKHr lasiin^ or l)ctifr ImmdaliDii iliaii tli.it
of Si. I.auicncf. And yc in llie \c\v World
It has I'oiin.l ,1 t'anu' and I'lMindatinn that shall
1h' adinii-cd liinj,' aj,'cs after the story of his
deeds and even tlie iioiy chtirch which canon-
ized his iKHies may have heen for^'otten. It
is j,'ratifyin;4 t'> kiiou- that the object of onr
adoration is so lionorai.ly and worthily chris-
tened, althoii-h in learninj; this we are re-
mindt'd of [Uc ceaseless spirit of change
written upon all thinj,'s. St. I,a//rence the
inariyr has become St. I.aa'rence the river.
The siereotypeil falsities of historv are very
man\ in America, and they creep ii[)on its with
our eyi's wide open. They come because
le,i,rend has taken the place of fact. 'l"he writer
who would dare seriously to disi>ute the claim
of Columbus to the honor accorded him for
nearly tl-.ree hundred years, would be bold in-
ileed ; and yel the position thai he was not the
"iiscoverer of America has been attempted to
be maintained. 'I'lie I'il-riins landed at Ply-
mouth Rock, and came to found a i;overnment
where they could enjoy relij;ioiis freedom and
liberty, and open an asyliun t'or the opj.ressed
ot all other countries. |!ut long before them
there came ,, colony whose sole purpose was
I'l Msii ; and the nation they founded has vied
with the others, and grown mighty and formid-
able in wealth and greatness. It seems not
altogether unlikely that the American nation
may develoj) characteristics which will be better
evidence of its origin and the original purpose
ol Its founders than can be found in the piety
or exalted purpose of the Tilgriins. So, every-
where, the great incentive to explore and ex-
tend government bounds and inlluence has
been that gain might follow.
As early as 1500. great fleets of 15ritish and
Norman sailors visited Newfoundland, whose
cod-hsheries were even then known through-
out the ( )ld World. The coasts of Newfound-
land and I,abrador were visited many times by
these great fleets before any attempt was made
at exploring the Gulf of St. Lawrence or the
river, even at its mouth. The Spaniards had
then begun to seek for treasure on tin; south
west cf)ast of Ameriia. {''aint glimpses of the
great father of waters had gone out to the
world, and strange stories ( ame from the
Indian^ of its source .ind the great lakes be-
yond. Jesuit missionaries, little by little,
<!are(i to i)enetrate the great unknown, and
suffer the cruelties and hardships of life in a
wilderness teeming with savage niiui and
beasts. S|)ain was pushing her researches,
and the Old World was filled with reports of
strange |ieople and of a strange land. Of
course, fiction and romance are never idle,
and they clodied the whole in wonderful
beauty and decked the New World with gold,
precious stones and gems of rarest worth and
evcellence.
It was under these circumstances that J,ic-
ques Oartier, a French sea captain, in 15 54,
came with two vessels to explore the great
river that empties through the (iulf into the
Atlantic, which had been known bv the Lab-
rador and Newfoundland fishermen for nearly
a hundred years. He laiulcd at the mouth of
the river in the Spring, and had not proceeded
tar — in fact, had not entered the river at all
— before he became satisfied that the Span-
iards had been there before him ; and as he
progressed further, he found unmistakal)le
evidence that these restless, undaunted ex-
plorers had several times visited those shores
in search of mines. They had ascended the
river some distance, but abandoned the search
after amusing themselves by cruel treatment
of the innocent natives. It is claimed by some
that the name of Canada comes from a corruji-
tion of their expression of dis"i;st and dis-
appointment — "Aca-Nada " (here is nothing),
which the natives picked up and held on to,
without knowing its meaning, for the purpose
of designating the place and associating with
it the strangers who came. Whatever may be
the merit or truth of this story, it has the
authority of the oldest and I)est historian of
Canada (Ileriot).
Cartier returned to France during the Sum-
mer, having accomplished little or nothing by
his journeying. The next year he made an-
other voyage to the C.ulf, which was almost as
barren of results as his first one. He effected
w
lo
./ M'/ //.\/A' iW nil SI. i.\\\ia\ii, laiiN.
•■ l.nulin,^ ,,n ,1,. n,„il, .nl>,,n, o uf ih. y,u-M AW .umwtl, of lb,. Iwvn.h . nl,„u u,,. v.tv
'•'^'■'•. ;>n.l ■■ ilK.,1 ,1,. |.la... St. N,. l,„l.,s, whirl, .l„u, ..,,,1 i,s his,,.,^ ,. „„. „t „v.„ lu,,l.l,„,s
;!'""^'"^"" ''^■■"- ll-'l-nMn,..!,, l,,u„n ,,n,l |,nv,,n„n.. Il„. n.omus d,,,,,,,., ,1,..
', • '';""^' '"■"'' ■^'- '■"">■""•. '"' >lu' .v.-un |,|,„,.1.I„,MN an,! huMil,.' n.ili^.s ,!„• .^vit
"'•". '";'■""■'■'■'"'"■''■'> """'^''o'l""-^>'.-"M numlurnl u,l,l Ihm.i.. all .o.nlmu.l tomii-
St. I.aurcn, c ^ lasl-.lay. Thcnrr ,h. nainr tiali/r an,l , inuinM , ,|,r cvcv Hluvl al ha,,,,,-
has s|„va,i th,. cniuv ImHth nf ,h,. nvcr. Tlu. n.ss. and .^ ,„ a inhaahl.. .xis„.n, . «a. hanlly
S|Mn,anlsu..a.th>lir>tl,M.s,,|„rrthcriv.r,lM„ allainaM,-. Th.n tnllnu- th. ox,,r,l,ln,ns nt
l>vast>an,u. .cMn.nh.n.T.a !• .vn. Innan nanirs Cha,M|,la,n. who trau-r^al ihr .i,s,,u..,u., „t
'■alter a sa,n,„t Spanish birth amU.du. anon. Carti,.,, an,l iKauM ,a,...i st,|| larth.r u ,.,. an,l
■nc.r pass., np the river nn this v„va,e ,,„. he.l ont tu the nnrth and south thr„n,h
s ,ar as where X Unreal ,s now ..tuate.l. and .he ttal.utaries ,„ ,h .reat taver ; and tor the
Kre he ren.atncal dnnn, the U n.ter. he. on,- h,., ,,ne the exphaat.on of ,l,e . ountrv was
iHK .i-.piainted with the native., tradmi; with l.e-nn i„ .• ,r„e., C,,,,,, „; ,' ,
,1 1 , • , . , ' '-.•^'in II, lainevl. t oin pa Cs weie nrnie,
llK'in and .tudyin,^ their hal,its,<:„Mo„„ and „id iid and , I,,,, i,' i .■ ,
, ,,,, . . '"'" •"" ''lui .i.^isiaiii e iihlaiii'Ml lroi,i the
ani;na_ne. This point was at that tinn' s
"111'- l-'reneh -osernineiit. and lar-e ln\eslineni~
.liinK-fan Indian villa,e. under the name of ,,,,. ,„,„,, ,,, ,:,.,;,^,|i^,^ ;„;;, .„ „,,„„.^
!■■ n ,fV ""'^■^'"•'"^''^•-•""-■'l '" The Indian uatsandinassaere.uhi.h.olloued
I I 'IK e, and lor tcjur vears the wars and inter- !,,>., , n , ■
„,,, ,.,,„M ,-,. • ^ ».i,s and int.t ha\ e s,ar, eh parallels m. A,, len, an hi. i. .rv.
nai i.onhles ol Ins (n\,i r.iimirv iirevented nn I'!,,. ,.■ ., , a ,■ >i
,■,,,,1, ,. ,.; ;, , v|ovM,K(ian\ • I't-' -icat trihes ol A l-on,piin.. 11 un.n. an,l
iiiitiiei \isits or exploration.. i,. , ■,, ■
\i , ... ' , . ,, ""'liK'i-' i'"aii,ed at willir..m the upper Mi.sis-
AlH.ut ,54.. k,njr|.ran,is|-irstissuedletlers sipp, tothednlfol S, I ,u ,
1 , !■ 11,. . 'I I" int iiuii 01 M. I. u eKe .nid hc'iii
to franeis dcla Rooue, Se "neiirde l-iohervil,. ,11 ■, ■ 1 -..oioiH,^an
I I . ei,.,nMir(ie KolKr\al<. 1,1 l,,uk with leal. )u. eve. upon the in, nr.ions
.^ivm,,' h„n power of the Kin,, ,ner "(Jana-ia. „f ,1,,. wl„„. ,. ,„ tl.. ,„J , . ,
Hochelaj,ra, .Sa-uenay, Terre \eiiva. I.ahra-
'I the while man. The fiir-tra.le ln^j^an to lu'
the i^reat hii.iness of the col, mists. an,l the St.
•lor." and other ,,n,ntries or "eities'-of the I — - "i u,e . o.on.sts. an,i tlie.s,
X,.„. U-,,rl,l Tl, '"''."'. ""^^ o "'^ 'awren.erueruasthethon.n.i^htarehvwhi, 1
.>< u \\,iri,i. 1 he ( omimssion w.ts ain,).i tl, ...;i ,■ .1 , ,
.n ,,im,.sl the tlihes tr,,m the lake ,,Mintrv uele eliahle,
i-'jii.il to the ( iimiiiand to -4,) hirth and p,).ses. ,,, ,■ ,., 1, \t . 1 , , ' ,■
the earth s;;, .,„•, , , , • .' '" ''■"'' -^'"H'real. wluie ihev ,ll.p,,sed ,il
me caitn. Six ships cinliarke( in t iis exoe- ii,,.;,- . 1 .• 1 ■ , ,.
,-.■ ,• ■ oosixjiL then st,i(k ol .kins. t u ,i. )\ t 11. ir i,l,. ilwi
<lmon. artier aecompanvin, it a. , hief eap- .he river was reallv opene.l ,1, , ,
am. A portion of the partv .ettle,! ,,t . .ne- turoiis white m.an.' '
liLi, l)ut the most ,.l those who remain,-,! la . .■ ,
,,,,,,, , Kin, unci I Iil' events ot these vear. ,111, 1 the iir,in,-,.cs
settle,! at .\I,)nlreal — Cart eramom- the i,n,n ,' a- .• ■ ' '••'""""- 1 "".-,' ^ '^-'
!-• The vessels returned ,0 Fr.nn I n !" , ' """"^ ^ ""^:""";- "'^■>' ^^^ ""^
-" "■- ^vl,ieh were gathered ml; ■::::„;„• "'7;, 7 '''''■'" T '""
Winter. The next vear thev ,-ame a.^ain and , ■ '"■'""""5^' »l^^' ""-
f"nn,! the little . donv m-.ool : hio ^•""-"''^-"1 I"'--", portion of o„r ,an,t
^-.rtier then explore.! the ri^ ^ i r^!' " 'T'''- '■'"'" ""' '""' '" ' "''
- the Sa,uenay, and the new s.-enr :;::.:'':i,,'rT* ',:"..'-' ;-;•'''-■'' ^ ^l
hanlly be believe,! even bv those who were in Zn7^ 'l i '''""^" "'"' ''1 ""' "'"' "'"
tl- midst, mueh less bv th,>se wh,. listen d s ' "T'T ''' ''" '"^"'" '"
;;;;;■.-'-;- Th,s,eeim,issti,M;:::d :::::: ::;;:;\;:;::'!;;;--'----'^
m a pleasurable de-rce by those who behohl
lor tlie llrst time the srenerv of the low a- St " ^^'■''' '' '"" ''"'!'' ^'"1" Ix-iver, -■■
ditirrcanad.: T'^'T .•' '""■' ^^"••- ^"* ■' '"■^■"" '"" ''-- -"-tment; not a
a e u 1 : t ;'"''--'^"<-^ two years .lilT but llin,s on tlu- .!,.„■ wave som,- una,.,,
-ai e iT ; '^ ttp.ove,l a failure of .l.li.ht. Kverv turn an,l motion of th
.eft totnlir::;;: ""• ^'"" "- — - "•- '"";- - -- •'-^- ---■ -^- ■■.> :
scenes tliat las,anate the ,-ye. an.l pictures
/'/// <ll.\l\ !>/■ II 11 !■,
1,1
llin (Ir.nv tlir soul in wopihrm- .idiniiMiion
I" 111'' ^i-.Ml .\rn\i Divmr. |!c ii niiis i„
inii-.c on sn( h >cciu's ; niirs in -li,l,. iluoiii;!,
tlicMi from (laylntMk till tlir iKMntit'uI niL;lu
trccp, on ;ini| l.roo,|s in -nirnin siillnrs, ovit
■'II- 'riiioiij;!! .ill 111,. yr,ii-.oriit\. tl„. nieinorv
"I '-n. h srcnrs l,i>i ; tlu.y , onic in <:>v;nn^, and
wiMo\i>i| llR-ni in nu-niorv's ticaMirr-hoiisr.
■|''H'y ilraw ns ncaivr the ivallv f^ood and
I'tMuliful which «-,■ all ,onu' dav hope t.) mioy.
'I'lio work in hand is (mu/ of iniporlam .• to
(^mada and tlu- fnital Slates, and is of o-pr-
•lal inlric-l lo persons who live' williin ihi'
si'< lion ol coiinivy < .ncivd hy it. as well as lo
all admirers of .\nuri( an sumhtv. The scope
and desi-ii is sufMcienlly broad lo ( (unpreheml
everylhiiii,' ol" interest. The pictiiresipie por-
tions ,ire wiihin the iinn'ts named, and the\ are
arii>iic. \-irw^ of scenery aiul of vill.l^ alone
will make the uorkofare.it v.diir. Th,, s( ene>
will not only lie new. never before h.ivin-
l-een presented I., the pnhhV in this , omplete
li'iin -- but the enjoyment and improvemem
"I'lhein by the pleasnre-se.kers who m.ike tln'
islands their periiianent .Siinnner homes, i^
.d^o a new le.itnre in .\meric,in Snnnnerdife,
anil add-, very much to ihe natural l)eanl\.
These islands are petty kin-doins. King in
close and friendly inosiniiiy to e.u h other —
tided by no power except the wishes, ( onUort
and happiness of those who call them " Home."
In llK' upper St. Lawrence there are over
lifteen hundred of these islands. A lar-e por-
tion of them are owned by wealthy persons,
many of whom liave built upon theni line resi-
''•■I" l■^■lnd laid out la. tefid -rounds. W iihin
the past few vears the impnneinenN in ihi>
"lire, lion iKivelu^en verv ,t;re.ii. ( (ne imnu^n-e
lanip-nuH^tin- enl.upri-,,. h.u cilh^d into exist-
ence hindred-, ,)f fme coiia-,'s lui tlie l,ir^;esi
i^l.nid, and many ih^sirable residences on the
low.r ,nd of th,. ,,im,., whil,. ,.v^.,v isl.md,
dnrinj; the sumnuu- monih-,, -„'em> to lu'ar its
I'oi-non. if not of pirinamait Sinmnerdiomes,
"I transient lentiiiL; or , ampin- parties.
Skiffs ,and ste.nn y,i, his bein.i; the onl\ iiumiis
of j;ettinn I'nmi inland to i>l,md. or from an
island to the 111, nn sh(Ue, they arc of necessity
ir.iima-ous, :iiul hamUome ami e\p,aisive ones
are pl,ail\. 'I'hev move silently about, with
(ishin- or \isliin- p.irlies, in the day-time;
■md wlun the soft evening .lir, so pecidi.ir lo
this region, has settled down, and the beautiful
sunset f,ided out, the different islands will b,-
'ome illuinin.iteil ; b,,,its loailed with h.ippv
ple.isnre-.eekers glide about among them ;
tluai it is ihat the s,.arclidight expedition gets
in lis wiard work: the musi, of bands and of
\oices Hoai> out upon the pure, clear air, over
the placid waters — and th,. heart , annot but
'vspond in In fullest gladness. Nowhere on
earth, .luay irom th,. sil,.,,! .\driatic, has the
poet's dre.im of Veni, e been so fullv, raj.tur-
ously realized. For fully forty miles in the
iiPl'^-'i- i^t- l.awren,,. (between Kingston, Caj.e
\'in(c'nt and l!rock\ille). where these islands
are ihi, kest, the scenery by dav is grand and
inspiring, while the illummatiims, the music,
the ll.ishing bo.its and the festivities make
the evenings enchanting.
THE CHAIN OF TITLE.
^"IIK iinp,.rtan(e of these islands, which
^ torni the northwestern bound.iry of
Jefferson county, demands historical, onsiiicra-
tion distinct and separate from the towns in
whi.-h they are situated. Cape Vincent, Clay-
ton, Orleans and .Alexandria each claim a part
ol the islands, since they are mapped and de-
scribed as belonging to the towns which front
upon the river opposite. The islan.Is proper
really begin ;il Cape Vincent and Kingston,
and extend to .Mmrisioun .ind Droi kville,
al'oui thirty-eight miles below, and are about
1,500 in number.
I'he author has been sometimes pu/zled
what to believe as he listens to diverse state-
ments of the same general facts as related by
(lilTerent individuals. Xo understand the
errors of many such statements, at once de-
monstrates the unreliability of oral testimony,
and shows the importance of serious invest'i-
war
14
. / s<>ii/:.\//< (>/■ I III: M\ L.ni-i<i:.\i I: aiii-.i:.
•j,Al\t)n licldii,' in.ikiiiL; .1 rcc mil lur tla' priiUcd
li.i,i;c. Il was unci; believed by m.my tli.il
W'ellsley Island was lur ,1 time held halt'-aiid-
half bv bijlli Canada and ihe I'liiled Sta!e>.
The ini'oii'.isteiK V "{' siii h a locaiinn ot' the
dividing; line betueen two governments nil! be
a|)|iarent tu the most (■a^^al ob>ei'\ef. lint
under smh misinformation there weri.' iiiunei-
ous settlements b\' Canadian^ upon that im-
poriant island, claiming that they were within
the limits of their own country. The truth
is that in the treaty di\ ivioil of these islands
there u.is no attem|il to di\ide any i-'land.
The treaty called for a line runniiv^ up the
" main channel of the Si. Lawrence." but
when the commissioners <,ime on to loi ,Ue the
line, they found two main ch.inncls, lioth
navigable, though the soatlie.ist (the .\meric.in)
ch.mnel w.is l)\' f.ir the sir. lightest, ,ind i> un-
doubtedly the main ch.umcl of the river at
llial point: and so the commissioners " g.ue
and took " islands under the ireatv, WelUlev
Isl.iiul l.dling to tlie I'niled -States because so
nt.Mr its main shore, .md Wolfe Isl.md going
to the ('anadiaus for a siinil.ir re.ison.
The |ilai e whi( h this be.iulifiil region holds
in .\merican hislor\' is second onh to that
occupied b\ N'ew I-",ngland and I'Kmoutii
Rock, while liie memories ,iiul tr.ulitions u hich
cluster around il ari 's thrilling and romantic
as are to be foiiml in ihe new world. W .irs,
pir.K y, Ir.igech' .md nusterv lia\e inntribuled
to its lore. The people of the I'nited Si, lies
should ever be. ir in mind that this river w.is
disco\ered In the Sp.inish. coiitpieied b\' the
hrcnch, .igain conquered by the I'-nglish,
wiiose footprints lia\e become indelible. Th.it
n.ition \et controls the wlujle river for long
dist.mces, and is half owner for \et other
long distances. It is ihe gr.in<l highw.iy tor
both Can.id.i, l''.i gl.inil ,ind .\inerica. M.iy it
e\er remain sucii.
The St. I .awrence WIS disco\ered by j.u -
i|iies Cirtier, the P'rcni li explorer, in 15, ^5.
but he did not proceed further up the stream
than to explore the St. Louis rapids ,ibo\e
Moni'i'il. There is much uncertainty .is to
the identitv of the white 111,111 who tirst g.i/ed
iilioii 'die be.uitifiil scene presented by the
Thoiis.ind I si. I lids. The early disco\ ercrs were
less interested in s( enery lli.m in the ])r,ictical
things which |iertained to navigation, tr.ide
,ind ti.ivel. .md the spreading of C!hristi,initv.
('h.impl.iin. in \i>\^, beginning at the western
end of Like ( )ntario, eviilori'd that lake and
tile Si. I.awreni'e to Sorel river, thus passing
through the Thousand Island region on to
I ,ake ( )nt.irio and the li.iy of < Juinte.
I low or when or by whom the world's atten-
tion W.IS first ( .died to this .in hipelago is cer-
t.iiiil) .1 matter of doubt, but < ertainly at an
earlvd.ite it had iin|)resse(l itself upon the lover
of the gr.md and beautiful, t'or at least two
centuries ago the I'reiu h ( hristeiied it " Les
Mille Isles "-- The Thousand Isles. The later
.md more completely ilescriptive I'-nglish name
for it is "The Lake of a '['hoiisand Islands."
Tile St. L iwreiici.' has marked the line of
separation and the Thousand Islands have
been the scene of some of the important c.im-
p: igns in four great contlic ts betwi en n.itioiis.
The first w.is the Indi.in war between the
.■Mgompiins and the I rocpiois. w hich continued
m.inv \ears, with m <\ision.il intermissions.
The second struggle w.is between the l''rench
and l-',nglish, and some of its hostile meetings
.ind \ il lories .md defeats look jilace among the
isl.inds .md on the neighboring shores. In the
.Xmerican Re\ olutionarv u.ir uitli luigland,
and that between the s.mie forces in t8ij, the
defense of this loi .ilitv was of decided im-
portam e, but its joint 011 iipancv was settled
by the uise men of both i oiintries.
Some of the most esciting incidents of that
ilisgr,iceful milil.iry .uhenlure known as the
I'.itriol W'.ir, \iith its intermiltent outbreaks
fiom iS^7 to iS^(), took iil.ice on this jKirt of
the river, not.ibly the burning of the ("anadian
steamer Sir Robert I'eel, on W'ellsley Island,
(HI the night of .May, j(), iS;,,S, and tlie battle
of the Windmill, near I'rescotl. ( )nt., Novem-
ber 13, of the same year.
The development and wiHiderful im re.ise in
the v.iliie of these islands have been iniire
espeiu.illy tlue to intluences wliii h have origi-
nated ai Alexandri.i liay. The isl.mds were
tr.inslerred to the Sl.iti- of New Wnk through
the sever, il treaties willi the aboriginies, follow-
./ h'.i/.w /).n .//■ /■///,■ /s/..ix/)s.
15
ing the same ( liain of title hy u hich il,,.' main
shore, from the Hudson to the Si. F,a\vrenci',
'■anic linden he pro|)rietary and governin,^ con-
trol of the Stale. The dividin^r ijne between
the rniled Stales and Canada pas.ses some-
uhal arbitrarily amon- the islands, varvinj; in
si/e from a small pile of ro(:l<> ( overed by a
i^'\y stunted irres, to others (|uite large— one
of them (Wellsley Island) rontaining nearly
10.000 acres of arable land. This valuable
Inland uas conceded to the I'liited States iin-
de'- the treaty with Knghind, negotiated at the
close of the war for intle|iendence. The State
01 N'eu \'ork, by patent under its great seal,
conveyed the islands to Colonel Mlislui Camj),
a diMingiiished citi/en of Sa( kets Harbor,
^^- ^'• In 1845 A/ariah Walion and Chester-
held Parsons purchased (not from Col. Caiiij),
I'll! from Vales .V Mdntyre, of hjttery fame,'
whose title came from Camp), the north we^^t
li.ilf of Wellsley Island an<l '"all the islands in
the American waters of the riviT St. Lawrence
from the l,„.t,,f Ro,m,l [^hind (near Clayton)
loMorristown," a distance of home thirty-five
miles. 'I'lieconhideraiion wa>>i|;5,ooo. lOvent-
ii.illv the I'arsons interest was purchased by
U all,m, who became sole owner, and continued
•IS siK h until the firm of Cornwall \- Walton
was est.ibli.lie.l in 1S53, when they imrchased
nearly the whole of the remaining half of
WelMey Mand, and then that firm became sole
owner of all these islands, having vested in
ihein all the rights and title originally granted
Colonel C:amp l,y the State of .\ew York.
'I'o Hon. Andrew Cornwall, for nearly fifty
years at Alexandria li.'v, and alwa\s its de-
voted friend and advocate, is due the greate.^,!
credit for the movement which has developed
the Thousand Islands, and he is yet spared to
greet each se.ison the great conipanv who
come year by year to enjoy the grand ri\er.
A brief sketch of his life, as well as his por-
trait will be ap].reciated. He is the iiatriarch
of Ihe American side of the iijiper St. Lawrence.
The \alue of the islands was cpiiie noniin.il
until they fell under the new firm's control,
and even for several years afterward, l':vent-
ually there grew uj) a demand tor them, and
I hey were sold low, but with a clause in the
<:onvevance requiring a cottage to be erected
within three years. Col. Staples obtained as
a free gift the grcjunds upon which he erected
the Thousand Island House. As an indica-
tion of the present value of at least one of
these islands, it is now made public that
§10,000 was offered and refused for an isl.md
s()ld by Cornwall \- Walton for §100. The
Canadian islands were not, of course, inc hided
in the grant to Camp, Vales \- Mclntviv, or to
Cornw.dl \- Walton. .\ considerable number
"f these Canadian islands were lately .sold by
ih.it ( ioverniuenl.
^
A RAINY DAY AT THE ISLANDS.
Cl'NSIIlXLandd.ulight.uealiheirbest and with fnendlv , l,,,t, not cbs.uism.. ,n
^ "'"""^ ''- '^'■'■^''^' '="' -•-' ^' --■ <— na, yawn, the licnir tor an eiirlv dmiK
'hi\ has its ccmpensations. Then the men
si IV around Ihe hotels, and devote iheniselve.
to the l.idies, who are not .so much given to
fishing as are iheir escorts. The book that
was but Lately c ast aside f„r something prom-
ising greater /esl, is now resumed at the
turned-down page, .ind the promised letter is
lli'iiighi c.f ,ind leisurely written. The l.idies
gather upon the vernulas of the hotels, ,uul
with c i-oc heting and talk and e.\c hange of ex-
periences, pass away the time. .Main predic-
tions are made .is to the duration of the rain
.r
socm arrives, ,nul after thai comes the after-
noon nap, Ihe early lea and then the pleasures
'>t the evening. Some dance, the voung
brides ami the other bright ones who are very
willing to become brides and share in the
liappiness they w.itch so intently, these steal
away to the darker corners of the verandas,
where ( onfidences and an occasional pressure'
"'the hand (possibly a kiss) may be indulged
in without loc, much imblicity. So. almost
'inllaggin.ly, the day passes awav, and [olin,
llie oarsman, promising fair weather to-mor-
1 6
.1 »'/-/7;\/A' ('/•■ /■///: .s/: / .nvh'/:\c/- ia\-i r.
iim, sti||iu'>> anil slccii ( rirp i)\fr llir li,i|i|i\'
I nin|i,iii\. wild ;iic uillinj; td ck'c Lire lli.il c\cii
.1 iMin\- (lay i\ tniowihlr .imniii; the I'hijii-.aiui
Inland-.. whciT tlu' Mift ()iilliiK'>, (if the cvcl-
sarviiiL: sIioiy' arc lialT lii(l(l(.a), half i(.'\ imKhI
llir(ni-li ilu' rail)) n)i>l, a> if wailiiij; for ilu;
-im'-> cm liantin^ |Hi\\cr to (Icve'luj) tluar liid-
(kn ni\ st(.'ii(.'s and riwal iluir (.•iiliancinL;,
rotfid licaiilics. Thi^ i> iiuKcd iliai " INn'i
ot IV'.uc," into ulii( li. uIkii (incc \(Ui lia\c
sailed y.iiir l.oai, \(iii arc j^lad to >ta\-, and nou
leave the ^|Hlt with >ad rc_t;rcts, id be reiiieiii-
licied a'\\a\s a-> the iilaee uherc the -muiI is
liti'.'il ii|i to Cdd ill -lad lliaiikfulnc» thai lie
c\cr made such a lotiiij; >\ma for IIi> wearv
( hildrcn. uhd, thrdiijj,li inaiu piliiriiiiaucs in
main Kind-, at la-t tind here a spot thai lilU
the him-iy sdul uith sati>fa( tidii.
N"W , A- Kl I ll, \I. I II.
All uhd lia\'e c\cr remained here fdr a week
arc edn-( idus that after l!ie third (ir fdtiilh
da\- there i> a |ie('uiiar i hanue in the >yslem.
It \()ti ha\e lieen trduMcd wiih insomnia, it
lici^ins Id lea\( ydii, and natural, restful sleep
asserts its sway. Wm like to sit and rest.
Vdiir le,i;s becdinc la/\, and ymi are luit at .ill
aiixidus lor Idii.L; walks. The Ik.IcI's shadv
settees li.ive lie( onic malters fdr ( (iiisiiiera-
tidii : you com hide, .ifter iiiik h arminienl,
which is the easiest diie, and best iiroleclcd
trdiii the sun. \'oii v.iwn ot'tcn, and wonder
what li.is cdiiie (i\er yiui. \'oii can lav down
and t.ike .i nap ,it almost anv hour after lo
^. M- N'lii lanL;iiidl\ push aside the news-
paper whose loaders only last week were read
with the most intense interest. I'lie spjiit ot'
Rest ( reeps upon \(iii almost unawares, for
\(iur svsteni is beiii^u fed upon the o/one of
this health-L;i\ iiii; spot. The verv air bei oiiies
an .iclivc allv in behalf of your overworked
nerves, and betore \-ou are aware of it. voii
l)e;4in to till u|i with reserve ldr( c. that shall
stand you in -ood stead in the ( itv's licit .md
]Jtish.
These benelM i.il inlliiciues ,ire within the
rcicli of all. 'I'liere are now hotels and
hoardint^dioiises at .\lc\andria Hav, Thousand
Island I'ark, Clayton, ("ape \'iuceiit, West-
miiisier Park, l\(juiid Isl.ind, .md ,ii main
other resorts, where the po.U" man i ,in liiid
ontert.iinment uitliin his ine.iiis, .md ihc rii h
man. too (mm h .is he is ( riti( ised). iii,i\ also
liiiil ( omlorts adapted to his desires. In
toriner times there were onlv the more expen-
sive resorts, and that kept away the middlc-
( lass of suininer tourists. Th it is .ill ( handed
now, .111(1 ever\ condiiidn e\i ept the ( ludiii-
( ,illy pdor , an find bd.irdim; houses within
their me, Ills. Ii will not be Iohl: befori' this
;;re,il n.ition.il \'a( .ition j'.irk, ^S miles Idiiu,
will be ea-erly soii-ht b\ all (luiditidiis ol
sd(iciv, I'roiii the skilled me( h.iiiK to the
niiilidnaiie,
I'mi \ai i i: (U Ri ~i .
.Many people m.ike the iiiist.ike (if siip-
iHisiiiL; th.it ,1 slimmer v.uatidn is ni,| , ,,iii-
Jilcte iiiikss (le\(it((l Id various sorts nl
physic, ll e\er( ise. Ii seciiis to be t.ikeii for
,L;r,inted lli.it the eiier-i.s di' budv ,iii(l mind
caniidt be rciuper.ited e\( cpl bv trips and
(livcrsidiis ih.it ( .ill fd|- muscular elldrt. Slim-
mer resorts ih.it do not olfer such opportuni-
ties aic dtten thdiighi td be \ antiiii; in prupcr
.iltr.K lidiis. There is aiidther ( l.iss of people.
siK ll .1- artists, le.Kliers .ind ( ler^vnien, who
seek |ila( cs wluri' tlie\ iiia\ pursue their
iisu.il wdrk amid new sinKiundinus. Under
suit.tble restriitidiis peril. ips nn harm (dines
liiim this. ('Iiaii,i;e nl' .lii .ind nl' diet are
beiietk ial, .ind new fa( cs .md new si em rv
tend id brc.ik up the iiKindldin nl' ,ill idil ,iud
c.ire. There .ire iml eii(iui;h people, however,
who .ippreciate ilie v.diie of a period of .ibso-
lute rest, .111 entire (cssation from .Klivity.
just .Is 1,111(1 is better for bciiiL; .ilhiwed tii lie
t.illdvv, the physical and ineiit.d i iieri;ies of
m.in are better for beim.; .illowed to rcjiose for
;i time. .Nothini.; is lost bv peniiitiin- mind
.111(1 body e.icli year lo indidi^e thus in .1 lew
d.Us' slumber. .\ short season spent in louii;.;-
iiii; .iboiit the Thoiis.md i-,|,inds, vvat( liiii- i he
shiltini; water, or in idling in the woods .md
Ik'lds, with their fresh odors .md ( h.in-iii:;
views of hill and dale, li-lil .iiid sh.ide. island
.111(1 shore, as tliev intermin-le .md then sep.i-
ate, will olfen fill the fr.iiiie with new vi-or
;#
lliiN. I I.lilillii.l I,. Ml l;h K, HI ' I \\ I c>N.
UNK UK INK llv'M-:UK> 'U i II U I 'W^, AM' "NUv iHl. 1..\|M,1.>1 \ t-.>sl-.l, oWNKK
ON IIIK 11 I'KI; KIV KK.
4
•«*
//".\-. i:i.ni<iiH;r: <,, .i/aav. a;
II)
ju 1 .he M„n,l wuh new ,mprcss,nn>. r.uti. u- ,„„ l,„lc Icsu.v. ..a.cl ,. „u,h whnl, nudli-
a.l .s su.n a chan,. l.^ndlnal u hen tl„. ,.nt „„vi,n viM.o,. hav „v,,„cnlly n,„..l.
.l.c,m.,nu.,c,-,.u,,a,non,,lK.n,nc,K.s. Then. Th. uarninu has a s,., ial ,im lin J iust a,
I cvu .he encr„cs .hnul.l 1„. ca.vfully In,.- |„vsent, and the s.vker afier a spot wh re ,he
■;.Hl^. I. Kn.hsl, ,.h,l„sop„e,- w„„ a.- ve,-y s,.ul n.ay ,est .,„ .nul L VA l.:.l
se.te.l that AnuT.ean. ua.rk tun hard and take anion.u the Thousand Mands.
HON. ELDRIDGE G. MERICK.
It I-- rortiinate U>v mir history that u-e are
.ihle to present to otir readers, from an en-
tirely rehahh- soiine, a \ery < ircum-,ianlial
and aeeuraie record ot the lite of one of
the yreat ri\er'> most widely known, distin-
.Ltuished and able deni/ens. who rose from small
he-innin-s to the very firsl rank in inisiness
and in eiti/.nship. Indeed, the writer re-
niemliers no man in Jefferson romiiv who was
sil|)eri,.r to Mr. Meri, k. There were two or
three. I Ion. ( )r\ ille I lungertord. 1 Ion. C. |;,
Hoard, and perhaps Gen. W'm H. Ani^el. who
siood .is hi-h in probity ,ind tailhfulness to
friends ami to society, and were as patriotic
and hi-h minded as .\[r. >[eri, k, hut lie h.id
no " superior " in his adopted coiintv, nor in
Northern New \'ork, nor on the river.
He was the llftli cliikl in a f.miilv of nine
children, six hoys and three -iris, and was
born .March 6, iSo.-. in Colchester, Del.iware
county, N. \\, from which place he m.ived
with the family to Sherhurne. c:henan,-o
•oiinty, It the a-e of about four vears. The
section to which the family removed was
almost an unbroken wilderness, with few in-
habitants ,ind no schools or opportunity for
obtainin- an edu<-ation. The principal amuse-
ment for a boy of his an;e w.is pickin- up the
hrnsh and burning it. preparing the land lor
'•i-ops. The first school he attended was at
the age of nine. The school held for only
l')ur months. At the end of the four month's
he was able to read a neuspa|ier fairlv well.
He continued at home, himself .ind brother
carrving on the farm, until eleven, at which
tune he went to live with a man named Clark.
I'hat family had no children, and Kldridge
was treated as their own child. .Nfr. Clark
had a small f.irm on the Chenango river,
which this boy (.irried on princiii.illv, with
'"iisionally a little help from the ownei.
Hi-, business, after getting through with the
work of the farm in the fall, was to chop and
IMit up ten ,ords .,f wood before going to
school the lirst year, incre.ising it live cords
each year until he got twenty-live cords, which
w.K all that w,i> needed for the tamilv. I'lld-
ndge attended the (oiintry sihuol from three
." four months e,uh winter, until seventeen
ve.irs of age, .ind then he comniencid te.ich-
in.u. When Mr. CI, irk went to St. ,,awrence
•oiintv in iSjo, young Merick went vith him.
rem.iiiiing there until twenty-one years of .age!
Arriving at majority, the people with whom
he lived not being in a situation to do any-
'hing lor him. he found it necessarv to shift
for himself. His first eUort was a' contra, t
for buililing .1 stone w.ill ,ii Russell. .St. Law-
rence county, after which he went to Water-
lown. Jefferson county, working there for
sever.il m,,ntlis. ,ind delivered the material
tor the old stone I'resbyterian chun h ; thence
to Sackets Harbor, to work for I'estus Cl.irk.
a brother of his former employer. , is clerk in
I small store. Remaining there tor a short
time, he went to Depauville. in the same cip.i-
li.y, with Stephen Johnson, who had a coun-
try store, and was also engaged in (he lumber
business for the (Jiiebec market.
He remained with Mr. Johnson two vears.
superintending his lumber business h.rgely.
and while there became ac.piainted with^Nfr.
Jesse Smith, who h.id been furnishing .Mr.
.lohnson with me.ns l,. carry on his lumber
hiismess. Mr. Johnson was unfortunate in
iHisiness and failed at the end of two vears,
and was sold out by the sheriff, which salj
was attended by Mr. Smith as a cre.litor. ami
1
. / .mT/V.WA' t>
I III: m: 1 .1 iruixci-: i<i\i:r.
kiiowiiiL; il llircw vdim- .MiTJc k mit (jf ciii-
|ilu\ iiicnt, lie (ilTtTnl liiin .1 Nitii,ilii)ii, uliirli
was gladly accepted. This was alioiil iS^fi.
Mr, Sinitli was (loin- a \cry lar^c iiienamilc
ami niaiiutac iiiiin- luisiiicss Idi- those limes.
.Alter beiiij; with him loi ,i hllh' o\er ,i year,
lie sent Mr. .\Ierick with ,i store ot' uoods to
i'erc h River, ,ind the lohowniL; Snmmer sent
liiiM to <Jnelie( to look .liter lii> Inmherinu
iiiterests, and in the l''all ot the same \e,ir
olfeied him a | i.irl iiership ,iiid ,in interest in
the lui^ine^s. which w.i^ .niepted, .ind so
youn- .Mem k liei.ime the manai;er. The
l)nsiiu'ss de\'elo|ied into a pretty lari;e one.
devoted prim ip.dly to linnluT designed foi
the (Juehec market, and ,dso the lunldinL; and
running; ol" vesseU. The timher and staves,
whii h were the principal Inisines-., were ob-
tained ahoiit the head of I ,:ike ( )nt.irio and
Lake I'^rie, extending; into 1., ike Hnron, .md
were transported hv vessels across the lakes
to Clayton, on the .St. I„iwrem e. and there
m.ide into rafts for tr.insport.itimi to (^Miehec.
Ol these r.ilt-, there weie several inaile np
every year, amount in;; (.n cordiiiL; to their
si/.e) to %'40,ooo or •'^^50,000 e.n h. These rafts
had to lie made veiy strom; to run the rajiids
ol the river, seven or eight in number. Plach
sti( k of o.ik timber was tied up with large oak
wisps, forming what was called .1 dram, and
from ten to twenty or thirty dr.inis in a r.ift.
The r.il'ts were propelled by ,1 number of
small sails, but usually went but little f.ister
th.m the ( urrent. At the r.ipiils a jiilot and
extra men were t.iken to <onduct the r.ifi
thronuh the r.ipiils ; a pilot for each dram or
section, the raft being divided into several
sei tions lor running the r.ipids. .Sometimes a
large ratt reipiireil from 200 to 300 men.
Fretiuently they would gel broken up in the
rapids and run ashore, .ittended with consider-
able loss and e.xpense in saving the pieces.
Arriving at (Quebec, they were usually sold on
from two to six months' time, but the jiercent-
age of loss by bad debts was very small,
lietter fac ilities were neetled for trans]iorting
this s{piare oak timbii. and a shin yard w;
timiier trade, adding birw.irding ,ind gr.un
iKisiness. associating with .Messrs. I'Viwler .md
I'lsselsiyn.
'I'he business in the winter w.is .irraiiging
and su])erinti'nding the shi|imenls, selecting
the timber in the (ountry, .ind getting it for-
warded for shipping, ,111(1 in building vessels,
ol vvhi( h the .'"irm generally had one or more
on the stocks. They built, with one or two
exceptions, all tiie steamboats forming the
justly celebrated line(;n l,ake Ont.irio and the
River St. Lawrence, on the .\meri(,in siile.
The " Reindeer " lleet. wi,'<h at one time
nmnbered fourteen vessels, were bm'lt ai his
("hiytoii yard; also three steamers of the
( )ntario Navigation Coiiipanv, .dl of them hav-
ing his careful supervision.
\\\\\\ |). \, ll.irney .V ( o., lie built, about
1S44. the steamer Kmpire, to run between
IJuffalo .mil Chicago. Her iiK reased tonnage
and decks attracted much attention, with many
]n-ophecies of failure, but she proved a success
and was the vanguard of the hue lleet of lake
traiis|iorts.
When theCrand Trunk R.iilroad was built,
however, following n|) the St, l,avvren( e and
Lake Ontario, the competition rtiined the
business of these passenger steamers. 'I'he line
ceased to be remunerative, and the boats were
sold, some to go to Montreal ; one went to
Charlestown, S. C, ami afterwards was eti-
gaged in the rebel service in the w.ir of the
rebellion.
He hid |ireviously est.ddished a house in
Cleveland, one in ( )swego and one in Hulfalo,
the object being to furnish business for the
vessels on the lakes Kach ailditional facility
only showed the nc'cessity of still hirther fa( ili-
ties. The firm decided to build a large lloiir-
ing mill in Oswego, which had the largest
capacity of any mill in the country at that time,
turning out from 1,000 to 1,200 barrels a day,
and having thirteen runs of stone.
He was interested in railroad building in
Ohio, l)ut it was before the days of lloating
bonds and watering stocks, but not of incom-
established at Clavti
is iietent, reckless su[)erintendents. The enter-
moved to Oh
.\tter .Mr. Smith re- prise was a failure.
.Mr. Merick continued th
It through their railroad
e enterprise the firm was enabled not only li
//(>\. /•;//'/,'//'( ;/; (/. .i//;a7( 7\-,
21
iiul the wluMt i)\H'|- llir runil ami to iiKukcl by
vessels, liiit fur I lie inill ;it ( )^\vej4<). Diiiiiij;
the war, or at the close, the mill was making
\er\ lavLte iirolits, iVoia ?* i to ,'«!J a barrel, hut
unfortunately it took fire and Imrned down,
with a larf^e sto( k of urain and llour on hand.
The loss was pretty well protei ted hy insurance,
hui ihe profii wliirli they would have made it
the mill had not Imrned down, ( ould not have
l.een jirovided for. 'I'he a( tual loss was
nearh' ,>«!r 50,000.
I'erlKU-. hi-. Inst and i^reatest t'lnanciai loss
was ihrouL;h the failure of a larj;e commission
house (Suul.im. Sai;e iV Co.) in New York, in
1.S50. liut that loss l)rou_^ht j^eneroiis and
promjit jiroffiTs of aid from business men in
W'ateltown, Kin,u-.tou and (Jueliec. whic h Wtue
Ion;,; after most t;ratefully remembered. I'he
ijreat financial disasters of 1.S57 and i.S7jalso
broui;ht misfortune to him. as well as to miiny
others. He was greatly helped in all these re-
verses by the coninlence that his i reditors had
in his ability and strict inlej^rity, steadil\ re-
fusini; comiironiises when offered. He i)aid
dollar for dollar, though often at great sacri-
fice of pro]ierty. Vor many years Mr. Meri{ k
was president of the Sa<:kets Harbor Hank,
relinquishing the position on leasing Jeffer-
son countv.
I'dr niauv years he found Clayton was too
much at one si<le for the prompt and success-
ful management and oversight of his varied
intere>ts. He was strongly attached to the
people of Jefferson county and the beautiful
St. [,awrence, and it was with main' regrets
that he left his old friends and pleasant home,
with all the associations of youth and manhood,
to make a home, in 1.S59, at the more central
])oint, |)etroit. Here he took an honored
position among the business men of the city,
many of whom sought advice from him, glad
to ])rofit by his large e.xperience. In addition
to other business, he bought an interest in the
Detroit Dry Dock Company for the firm of
.\lerick, Ksselstyn i."v Co. John Owen, Cordon
CJainpbell and .\leri<k, I'owler iV l'',sselstyn
each owned one-third of the Dry Dock stock —
the total slock being !§5oo,ooo.
Mr. John Fowler, a partner of the firm of
.Merick. !• Ou ler iV MsseUt) n, died in M.iy, 1 S;!;.
'i'he sur\iving p.utiiers purchaseil his interest
in the business, and continued under the name
of .Merick. I'',s>.elstyn \' Co.
.M'ter the f.iilure of iS;;. .Mr. Merick was
too old a man to again do bu-.incss with his
former (onfideiice and ^uccess.
In 1829 Mr. .Merii k m.irried Miss Jane C.
l''owler. She dieil in 1 ,SSi, le.iving four sur-
viving children — all of whom li.ive |iroven
usefid and lionoreil member^ of soi iety.
Mrs. Cyrus McCormitk, wlio was .Mr. .Mer-
ick's niece, was the daughter of .Mel/ar I''ow-
ler, born at I'.rownville. .\'. \'., and sur\ives
her distinguished husband, who was that C.
H. .\I( Cormick. so long the leiider in manu-
faiiuring reapers for the li,ir\est field, whose
m.ichines havt' gone into all lands. He was
the one to introduce that inestim.ibly \aluable
machine into I''.ngland, .is is so well spoken of
in Haddock's History.
.Mr. .Merick was very early interested in the
temperance movement. It hail been the cus-
tom to jiut whisky among the necessary stores
for every raft and vessel. He very soon real-
ized the injury it was doing, made liipior a
contraband article. sup|ilied tea ami coffee in-
steatl. and made it his per^on.d duty to visit
cabin and forecastle, to confiscate and throw
overbo.iid any spirits smuggled on bo.ird.
Tiie sailors who m.inned his vessels came
from the adj.icent farms and villages. \'oung
men, beginning as cabin boys, or before the
mast, were fre(|Uentl\ advanced as they proved
worthy and capable to be mates, cajitains and
shareholder^, and .ill looked up to him as to a
personal friend and father.
One who had sailed for him thirt\-l"ive years
wrote: " The accounts for these years agjire-
gated more than half a million of dollars, but
never an error to the value of a cent in his books,
never a sour look or unkind woril. 1 was
always treated more as an ecpial tli.'in as a ser-
vant." .\iiotlier who -.erveil him forty years
said: " I have received trom him nothing but
kindness. When in need of aid or counsel his
generous heart always resjionded to my wants.
In prosperity and adversity, sunshine and
storm, he was alway true to principle, and
/ M'/ 1/ \//y 11/ nil. s/ I iwRi \i / A'/;/ A'.
Iiiic lo hiinsi'li ,1-..! in.ui. cmt follDuinu ilic
Ciiilcliii Kiili'.'"
Mr. Mcrii 1< li.hl iin |iiilitic,il :i>|FiiMliims. \u-
\ mill u i^liiiii; In i|,i liic host |i(i>-,iliK' lnr his
nun iiiwn^liiii, 111 wliii li he u ,is M-\ iT.il iiinr>
>il|HT\ isiii. Ill' w.is a -Hoiil; Whii,', ami ^.ivc
miiiit\, iiiiic ami mlliuiu r Id |iinmiil(j the in-
trlc^N 111 ihal |iail\. Tu irr \]c \\m> iiumiii.ilid
Idf ('iinuri.>>, AUil lan .liuail nf his liikcl;
I HI IT 1)1)1 h |iariii's u islinl lu imiic ii|iiin him as
lii''ii' ( .mdiilalc, 1)111 his liii^incs^ iiiliacsis
"I'lilcl iiiil ]uiinil hiiii III .11 ri|il the ndiniii.i-
liiiii. I li- ua-~ also iiiu' (if ihf KKm lorai Cnl-
h'ui'. viiiin;4 lnr rri'>iiKaii W iliiain 1 1. I lairi-niK
I 111' lillf lit jiiil-c \va-> LiiM'ii him ulicii he
was a|i|inink'il as^m iale jml-r nl IrltiMsnii
(n!iiil\. 1)111 he Irll that il ri-iU!ull\ lielnnmil
"iil.v til a man nf Ic^al training; ami aliilitw
Thr I'alrinl War nl iS^; ;S < aiisoil mmli
irniililc and an\irl\ all a.lnn- th,' linnlrr. ami
lirniiL;ht in;j,itlur main nl' ilif hi'st nun nl
N'oithuin New \ nrk ami Canada in (nimiil
iD^L-tlK-r and take sm h iiKasiircs as umild iii-
siiri.' jicicL'.
I >iK' lit ihc Canadian nuanlicrs nf ihal rmii-
miikL' nf arliitraiinn u rnU' : " I Inw mm h tin-
liii^li rliai.K In and llir rnnlidcnrc ins|iin-d li\
\niir tallicr in Canada, assisk-d inallavin- ihr
irrilaiinii wliii h i'\istcd nn Imlli .-ides nf the
line. 'I'll him m.iiiy misgnided men nue their
deliverance frnni estreiile |i'ril. I well re-
nieinlier the ellei 1 iiimn mv nun mind, imt .i
little e.\as|ieiated at the lime. li\ hi- e\|i|.in,i-
tiniis as to the sincere, iuil mistaken \ieus
wliK h indm ed many L;nni| ,nid uiiilii\ |ieii|ile
In enL;aL;e in ur e.\lenil aid Inuh.il lhe\ siip-
jKise to he a movenieiit in assisting; the n;.-
pressed. "
Mr. .Merick, de|ilnrin^ his nun in,iliilit\ in
niitaiii a cnile^iale ediicatinii. was re.iiK tn ,iid
sdiiiiL,' men with sin h as|iir,i!inn-. 'I'lie sm -
cess ot m.m_\- Imsine-s men was nuinn '" lln'
cniinsel and siilistantial aid he i;.ive. Academ-
ies, cnlleLies, ( liiin he-. |uililic .md prisale
charities were cheerfully .lided li\' him as " the
I.nrd iirns|iered him ."
His nnlile, ciiiirtly lie.iriiiL;. his im.issiimiiyL;
111. inner, his thiiii-hlfnlness, tenderness and
beiieMilciK e, his f.iiihfiilness ami iiitej^rity
m.ike ,1 rich len-icv In < hildreii .ind i iiildicn's
( hildren.
Il h.ld aluMNS lieell hi- thniinht ill. II .1 lill^i-
ne-s iii.m should keep ai unrk till the end nl
life. In the uinli'inf iSS; .S.S, reali/inu t mm
his aihMiiced ve.irs ih.it his siren-lh u.is la-i
l.iiliiii;, he decided tn -ell the lemaininL; \e--els
nl llu' lleel. |-'rid.iy. l'"e!iriiarv lo, iSSS, the
cniiiiact u.is made fnr sellin- the last niu'.
.S.itiird.u, I eliiiiary ii, the pipers were In he
sii;iied. lie t.iriieil .i little in the mmninL;,
peril. ip- nnl ipiite .Is well .is ii-ii,il, atler .i
siiineuh.ii re-tle-s nii;hi - - his mind im dnnlii
lill-\ uilh reliiiniscem es nf the p.isl, .illd s,id-
eiled liv the i li,inj;e nf .ilf.iiis. I'he' m.iil
liiniliiht news frnm ahseilt liuednlles. While
l.dkiiit; uitli his d.iiiLihier. siiiinn liesuK' him,
III the ^111 III tidings ii i ei\ ed, his he, id d nipped,
line sii;h w.is L;iven, "the siKer curd u\is
Inn-ed," " the t;i ilden lunvl u.i- hrnken," -he
h.ld Inline llnlii his wnik In his rest ,md his
reu .lid.
riiii- p.ts-ed .lu.iy, .ifter .ill hull n.ilile and
a n-eliil life, one n\ the nio-t uidelv-kiinun
.md iii-tl\ •iionored of the ri\er men, w Im
1 .line In m. Ill's esl.ile ill Jeltersiin i ounlw and
spent the tlouer nt' his life there. His de.ith
oci Hired .11 heirnit, leliiiKii\ i i, iS.S.S. in his
Sfllh \eai.
Mr. .Merick .md wile ri_Mied a f.imilv nt
liiiir children. They ueie :
.\I.\ki\ |)., uiie <>i I-.i.K I,. I,\(in. a nalive
nt ( )i;dens!MirL;, N. V. 1 hey reside .it Ked
lands, C.il.
llkMiN \ (1. Ml KICK, wife i>\ \'.. I. Carrinu-
tnii, of |-iilion. .\. V. The} re-ide ,il Detroit,
.Mich.
,\Ii:i /.\k !■■. .Miuii K, died March j.S, t.Si;^.
Hi- uile U.IS .\l.ir\ Whittle-e\ , of 1 ),iiil iiir\',
Ciinn.
It. N.VMi: C., uife of ('■. \. Ch.iflVe, of De-
troit, \] ich , wliii 11 is their home.
.Mr. .Merick was in in.iiu' re-|)ei 1- .i pei ii-
li.irly alile in, in, and should lie spoki.'ii ol
.ipait from his m.iii\ luisiness enterprises.
J mli^meiU w.is the le.idiiiL; ipialitx of his mind.
To str,tnL;ers he .ippe.ired reserved, the result
of his native modesty, and not the nul^rouih
of any feeling,' of superiority or of sell-elatioii.
T
I
c^
4 &
C~^^TtCxJ
//i>.\. .i.\7>Aw:ir niAWir.i/ /..
25
lli-.^(iiil \v,l^ IDO u;rr.it ,111(1 hi-, )iiil-iiiriit tun \ ilcil (:(iiiri(Kn( r, .iiiil ( uiirulc'iicr m him meant
>uli(l liir .in\ sill h fiillv as thai. Ili- was laiii- satVtv. ('hildrrn AUt] aiiimaN never shunned
iienlly ilemoc rat h , siiiipk' in his maniieis and his siirii'lv, l'(i|- tliev inluitivelv perceived iiis
his ladles, as have lieen all the reallv ijieat i;entleness under his greatness. X'ii'wcd in
men the u liter has encountered. .Mr. Merii k .in\' li^^lit. as a man of alTairs, the possessor
was not a --h.irer in the ((iinm.ind ot" aiiiiie>^ and dis|ienser of lari^e wealth, as the unosteii-
nor is it proD.ilile th.it he evei knew what it t.itious luil e\e|- \iL;ihint ( iti/.en of a fri-e
wa-. lo he thrilled l)\ .1 liu-le call orlnMlol ( niinlr) , or a> the sincere ( 'hiistian. he pos-
• Iruin ; \el he intensely apjireciated the ses' ■•(! so many excellencies that he fell hut
stiiiL;L;le endured hv the Unimi arnue>, whose little short of earthly perfection. fie lel't a
perils lie would suiel\ ha\e sli.ire<l had he memor\ in jelfcrsoii count\- th.il leiiiains
been ol siiitahle ati;e. lie w,i> a patriot m the peculiarly sweet, and enlirelv iint.iriiished.
hii^lie^t sense cjt that leini. Aniidsi all the ,\nd it is I'minL,' to hold uji sucli a < liarai ter to
duties ol his exaciin- husiness, he u as a ciui- 1 he admiration of ilie youth u ho come after
sisieni Christian; the travelin- Mel!iodi>i him, as an evidence that the at;e in which he
minister ahva\s lound a weli oiiie at his lire- H\ed was not altoi;etlier one of ,L;reeii and
side, liotli from him and his amiahle w he, a moiiev -L^ettinu. liiit was adorned iiou and then
l,i< t the writer has heard the late Rev. (lard- li\ souls as i:rand as c.in lie found in the re-
iier I'.aker spe.ik of with grateful te.irs. Mr. ( ords ot anv |>eople. .And so Fddridue H.
Meri( k's uiiosieiitatidUs and democratic ways Meri< k passes into historv .is one of the very
made him lite-Ion- liiends, for his manner in- ablest ,ind best of his time.
HON. ANDREW CORNWALL.
.Xsiikr.w ( '(H.:nu .\i.i ,the ancestcjrof .\iidiew
("ornw.ill of .\le\,iii(lria li.iy, emii^rated to this
I iiuntr\ from I'ai'^l.ind with his f.imilv, soine-
wh(U-e about 1710, .iiid settled in ( )ld ("hath, 1111,
{"01111. (now rorll.ind), wIk re ihree genera-
tions ol ihe same n.ime li\ed ,iiul died. ^"lie
third .Viidreu Ciunw.ill, ur.indfather of our
subject, u,is ,1 soldier in the Re\ olutionarv
W.ir. ,ind died .ifter the (lose of the war. from
,1 wiHind re( ei\ed ,il HenniiiLiton.
.\ndrew ('(unw,i]l. the f.itherof our subie( t.
with two brothers, William and .\ncil,left Con-
neeti( ut aboul i.Soo, .ind ( ,iine to what , it th.it
lime w.is (ailed the \\i\ West, (U' deilesee
country, 'i'lieir lirst stop was at what is now
the city of Rochester, where there was a small
setilemeni; but thinking; it was not ,1 i^ood
place to locate, they went low hat is now I'uli-
neyviile. Wavne (Oiinlv, N. \.. where there
W.IS another small settlenient with ,1 s.iw mill
.ind ,urist mill. Here tlie\ located ,ind m.irried,
and luuc our subject was born M.irch j^, iSr4.
\ftiu- aitendiii'; the district school winters, and
working on the f.irin summers, until thirteen
ye.irs old, he entered the countrv store of [olin
Reynolds, and continued in his eni|iloy lor
thirteen years as clerk and book-keeper, iiis
he.ilih t.iiliiii^ him troin a tfco close a|iplicati()n
10 business, he i)ur( based a small vessel and
went 1U1 the hikes .is ,1 sailor, .\lter three years
of this business, his health beinnfullv restored,
he sold his \ essel ,ind left the water. In
January, 1S45, he w.is m.irried lo Marv (^
("allioon. She w,is ,1 daiij^hter of ("apt. Cal-
hoon. ol Willi, iiiison, W.une ('(Hints . who was
.1 pensioner of the War of the Revolution, and
ii c.i|)tain in tlu' w.ir of iSi _>.
In July. 1S4.), he moved to Redwood. N. Y.,
.ind entered the employ of DeZenj; \' I'.urlin-
u.inie, manufacturers of ^lass. He was in
charge of their store for two and a half years.
In N'o\cinber 1 S46, at the solicitation of .\/a-
ri.ili Wilton, he moved to .Alexandria IJay, and
took an interest in the lirm of I,. A. Walton iV-
("(>.. \vlii( h continued until iS5-,, when !.. .\.
Walton died. .V new linn w.is then organi/ed,
under the name of Cornwall .Sj Walton (John
1'". Walton being the junior jKirtner), whicji
2G
.1 S(i/ r/:.\7A- (V ///A s/: /..///-av-.w/-; a/zv-.A'.
pai-inL'isliip coiuiiuK'cl tiniil \pril i, 1877,
when lidili Coinwall ami Walton ifiirrd limn
luisinos, anil the Inm ot' ('(unwall l!iMthri>
was cstaMishi'd, (■i)n>i^tinii "I tin- lniif mjiis ot'
Antiiovv Cornwall, vi/.: Andrew (' , ( 'hjilcs \V.,
John !., and Harvey A. This linn i-, >till in
l)usines>, ami very iiopMlar, de.ilin^ in e\erv-
thing ie(|nire(l in a countrv store.
Andrew Corinvall was Mi|)ervisor Ironi iS^j
to 1S56. and aj^ain from 1861 to 1S65. lieini;
;i war I )enio(rat, he wa-^ made a inemlier ol'
the war coimnittee of the (dimly, thoUi;h the
board was laii;ely Re|julili(ai). lie served the
committee faithfully in recriiitiiij; ami hllinj,'
the quotas of hi- own town And the county.
In 1S67 he was nominated by his party fur
member of Assembly, ,iiul although his com-
petitor w.is elec ted the year [)re\ ions by a lari^e
majority. Mr. Cornv.all was successful. While
in the l,ei;islature of 1.S6S he was a member of
the Coiiimittees of Ways ,ind Means, of the
Manufacture of Salt, and of the -Sub-committee
of the Whole. In iSOS he was a candidate
for Coni,'ress against lion. A. II. I.atlin; hi-,
parly being largely in the minority he »vas de-
leated by a very small majoritv. though he
could have been elected if hi> friends had had
ten more days for work.
In 1845 A/ariah Walton bought ■>( Henry
Vales, of the well-known firm of Vales v\:
Mclntyre. of New \'ork city, the north half of
WcUsley Island, and all the small islands in the
river St. I.awrem e in Ainerii an w, iters, from
Kounil Island, in Clayton, to the \illage of
Morristown, St. Lawrence ( ountv. At nis
death, the lirm of Cornwall \- Walton bought
ihem from hi> Chtate. for the limber, ,ind for
many years they rut ste.imboat wood from
Ihem, -,ome ye u> getting as high a-, iO,ooo
cords, .\fici the wood w.is moslK ( ut off. the
larger one-, were sold lor farms. In i860 wood
beg.in !o gi\ e way to coal, and they determiiu'd
to sell their hinds at a nominal iiri( e to indin e
people to build summer homes, and thus make
iheSi. Lawrence river a f.imoiis watering plac e,
in wlii<h plan they --ucci-eded to a remarkable
cMeni. a-, is .ipp.irenl lo-dav.
Mr. Cornwall commenced hi-- business
career with very limited means, but wiih .1 de-
terminaliim to suci eeii. With clo>e alleiilion
to e\erv del. til, ,ind ,1 <-onslani care thai no
debt should be made that could not be met
uhen due, .md no unnece^s:ir\- expense in-
clined, he has sill ceeded in his determin.uion
to attain a reasonable compeU nc\.
lie has ne\i'r been an orientations m.ip..
though in bu--iness matters he has .Uw.ivs been
energetic and prompt, ex.icling from others
only what he woukl himself do if in their
place. The example of such a life is a beiie-
lit to any cominnnitv.
.Mrs. ('ornwall died .Augiirt 1,^, 1S90, alter
she had seen her four sons loe.ited in business
at her home for thirteen \ear--, and enjoxcd
her grandchildren |ilaying about her knees, iml
their lather the most useful m.m on the ri\-er.
HON. JAMES C. SPENCER,
K\-Judge New Vork City Sujierior Court, is an-
other of the men who have ilone mm h to em-
bellish nature. An extended account of his
lovely property, " Manhattan," may be found
elsewhere, lie is a native of lAnt Coving-
ton, I'ranklin county, X. V. His father, the
late .[uilge James B. Spencer, was one of the
early settlers of Franklin
live in the Slate .iml N.iiional Legislatures.
He .ilso ilistinguislu'd himself in the War of
1812, participating actively in the important
engagements of that contest, including the
battle of I'lallsburg. In polities he w,is .1
Demoiral of the Jefferson, Madison, and
Jackson school. He was the iiersonal friend
• ounty, and was a and colleague of Silas Wright, and was re< og-
prominent and respected citi/en and recog- ni/ed and appreciated by that great man and
nized political leader in the northern part of other prominent Democrats of the St.ite of
the State, having lield many important jjosi- .New NOrk, as an intelligent ami reliable po-
tions, im hiding that of Judge and Representa- litical co.idjiiior, in the struggles of more ih.m
1
•>
f
1
of-
/'/ •"^^Tf^^
./
^t^^r~
/ii<\. y.i.i/As (■. s/'/:.V( /■:/:.
• I i|ii:ilUT III .1 ( L'llllliy to siciirc ,Llul pLTpetii-
.ilc DrniuciMiic asccndiuii y in the Stale, lie
.lUo (.■njnyod the (onl'ulence and estirin (if all
liis fcl!ii\v-(iii/ciis whii knew liini. uitlioul re-
,4aril Id imlilical (lilTe|■en(;e^. lie dieil in llie
vrar iS.),S. a; llie a>,re of >i\ty-eiL;lil.
I'hi- liranch nf ilir Spencer family and that
re|ire>enled li\ tlu; late Cliiel Justice Amlinise
S|.en(er, and his Min, I lun(iral)lc [olin ('.
Sjieni er, were kindred, and claim a commdn
.mcrsiry. The famil\ emigrated tn Xew \'ork
Iruni ('Mnnecti( 111, their ori^dnal place of set-
ile;neni in the New World, sjirintiin^i; from an
Mni^h^h ancestor, William Spencer, who came
to Caiiiliridge, Mass.. before or earlv in the
\ear i :; i.
li appe.irs that he retu.ii>_d to or visited
l'.ni;land afterwards, for he married his wife,
Aliie. in th.it conntrv about the vear lO;:.
lie was a^am a resideni and a iirominent man
m Camliridi^e in 16,54-:;;, and was afterwards
one of the lir>t -ettlers in Hartford, Conn.
He was the eldest of three brothers, all of
"liom were amoni; the early settlers of Hart-
ford.
The lamily of the [iresent J udire Spencer.
"II the maternal sitle, were purely Irish. Hi^
,i;ran(llalher emi-rated to this conntry from
Ireland |irior to the .American Revolution, and
served his adopted countrx as a soldier diirino
the War of IndeiiendeiK e.
Jud-e Spencer, before he had fully attained
iiKinhood, was thrown upon his own resources,
and acpiired hi^ education and profession
ni.iinlv by his own exertions. Mr commenced
the practice of law in 1X50, in his native
<'Hintv, and soon became popular and re-
si)e( ted in his iirot'e^sion.
In 1854, he removed to 0,L;densl)ur■,^ St.
Lawrence county, and, with judt;e William ( '.
ISrown, formed the lej^al firm of lirown \-
Spencer, which for many years enjoyed a suc-
cessful and profitable practice in the court-, of
Northern .Mew York. In .857 he was ap-
pointed United Si.ttes District .Attorney for
the Morthcrn District of Xew York.
The performance of the duties of that office
extended his professional acjuaintance into
nearly every county of the State. .After the
expiration of his term of office, he removed
to the cily of New \'ork and entered upon the
practice of his profession in that city. His
ener-y and industry, added to his former |iro-
tessional reputation in the Slate, soon brou<,dit
him clients ami a very successful business.
In 1867, he entered into partnership with
Hon. Charles .\. Rapallo and other le.<;al ■gen-
tlemen, under the firm name of Rapallo \:
Sjiencer, which became I'amiliar to the public
ami in the courts as associ.ited with some of
the most important causes of the day, includ-
ing' ihe tamous Mrie controversv and other
equally im|(ortant litii^ations connected with
railroad and steamship companies. The ex-
istence of that firm terminated with the elec-
tion of its senior members to the bench — Mr.
Ra|)allo to the Court of Ap|ieals, and Mr.
Spenct^r to the Superior Court of .\ew \'ork.
He was a candidate at a later day tor reelei--
tion as judge, but was defeaied bv a small
majoritv.
Oil his retirement from the bench and re-
turn to tile active practice of his |)rolession in
.\ew York city, the Judi,'e was heartily wel-
comed, and his old clients renewed their al-
legi.mce. .As years have worn away he has
become more attached to his .Manhattan Island
(see description elsewhere), arid there he sjiends
much of each summer, a practice datin,t,' back
for twenty years. He has improved and beauti-
fied every thini^ he has touched, and is known
as a liberal, progressive gentleman, taking a
deep and healthy interest in all that relates to
the St. Lawrence and the imi)ro\ ement of its
Islaiuls. Such men become, in a sense, pub-
lic benefactors, and their memory should not
die lor want of proper recognition, nor their
example be lost upon posteritv.
CANADA'S WEST POINT.
(•^KK \ii:W mF KtMi-r.'S IIKI.'l WITH|
THE ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE AT KINGSTON.
r.v I. jiiNi-
I'll .1 rmnliri' cxtriKlillL; ;i( idss a cdiiti-
lunt, luiidi'i-i'iL; oil a naticm t rcun u liicli
x'Ncial lidslili' laiil^ >m hciialf cjI " Iri-'li iinK'-
|iriulciui.' " have taken phu e. ami with a hall-
liiecd and Inih'aii ]io|Julali()ii in hcv ou n iKirth-
wrst, which ha> nn two ncca^inns liicikcii unt
into ojicn rebellion, Can.ula InrU it iie(es>ar\
to maintain the nm lens ol a iiiililary t'oree,
wliieli shall lie available on shoit iiotire to de-
leml her frontier or to jait down rebellion. She
ranndl altord to maintain a --tandinL; arnu, but
>lie has three batteries nl' artillerv on perma-
nent serviee and a i'a\alr\' st hool. tour mt.m-
tr\' schools and one niounted-inl'antrv s( IkhiI.
at whii h the ol'tic ers and non-(dinmi-->iiined
ot'ticers ot' the \'olunteer Militia may re( ei\e
-.Itch a traiiiin:; .is will t'lt them to take com-
mand and give instruction to the volunteer^,
who, taken Irom the field or Wdrkshop, would
olherwisi.' be wliolb untrained ,ind undisci-
plined.
liut wl'iile iter volunteers h.ne ^iveii a good
account of themseK es when occasion called
them into active service, and while lu'r schools
of milit.iry instruction h.ive been the means of
placing good officers .it iheir he.id, it was felt
that something more was needed to complete
the system, and accordingly the I'.irliameni of
Canada, in 1H74, passed an act aulhori/ing
the establishment of .1 Royal Militarv ( 'ollege
"for llie |)urpose," as the act slates, "of im-
parting a idinplete I'diic.ition in all lu, inches
of military tactics, fortitlcation, engineering
and general scientific knowledge in subjects
connected with .md necessary to a tlKuough
i;t I I , M. \.
knowledge ol the mi!itar\ prolc----ion. and for
ipialif) ing otfii er-- lor 1 omiiund and Ini stalf
appointments."
In selecting ,1 site (nr the (ollege the go\ -
eniment natiiralU mined its cvos to three
places wliuh wore spei ialh .ulapted for the
]iurpo<;e by \irtue of their historical associ.i-
tions and the posse-~sion of extensive fortifica-
tions which might be utilized for technical
training. I'lu'se were ll,ilifa\. (^)uelicc and
King^tiiii. The l.iiu 1 w,is iiltinnieK' ( hoscn.
for. 111 .iddition to biiiig the most (eiitral, 11
pds^e^^ed certain buildiiig> which 1 oiild In'
iitili/.ed.
.\lti'r the coinpiest nf (_",inad,i, Kingston,
the site of l''orl l-'rontui.ic, biiill in 1(175 ''\'
the rieiieh comm iiiiler after whom it was
n. lined, bei , line .1 milit.irv posi n\ gre.it im-
piut.iiice. |)uring the w.u (if i.S;.' ii was the
British n.u.il st.ition lor the hikes. A doi k-
\'.ird was established on a low proniontorv
whii h juts out between the ('ataraipii river
and , I sin. ill inlet of the .St. I,.iwrence c.illed
N'.uy II. ly. .\t this ddckxard Sir janies \'eo
built his tleet for F.ake ( )ntario. .\fier the
war the iloi k\,ird was dismantled, but a large
three-story stone building remained, kiHiwn as
the Stone I'rigate. w liich h.id been oi ciipied
by the m.irines. This, wilh ,1 l.irge blai k-
sinith shop (lose bv, w.is iiiili/ed for the lol-
lege. I See building ,it letl (enter nf ]iictiire. |
In iSjd the first ( l.isscs were opened, eigh-
teen c.idets being admilted. The stall con-
sisted of ,1 command. int. .1 1 .iptain ,ind three
prok'ssors. .\s the 1 l.isses grew . moii; .uaaun-
\ ''^^■
^m
(.i.v.i/>.rs ir/-:sy /'o/w.
31
\ 'M
11111(1,111(111 \\•.l^ rc(|tiiri.'il, ,111(1 ;i iai'Lic ImiUlin^L;,
ot the j,'n.'y iiiiu-,iiinr for wliich Kinj^slon i\
famous, was a(I(](_'(l. It 1 oiitains otiiccs, rcad-
'.n_i; ,111(1 nirNs f((Oiii>, lilirary, class nidins,
lalioratory, lios|jital aiul kil( lirn. The Stdiie
l''n';4ate hei amo a ddnnildry, and the lilack-
smiih shop was (■( 111 \ cried into a well-e(Hii|iped
};> iiuiasiimi.
The in.iin hiiildinn I'Hi'^ -i sp.icioiis |iarade
Kidimd, with tenni-, lawn and cricket L;roimd,
and (ipposite, on the point, is Van iMederick,
a liattery wliic h ■luards the entrance to the
harhor, with a martello tower at its apex.
Thoiii;h modeled after Woolwich, the col-
lege i^ intended to nive the cadets a trainini^
which will fit them for 1 ivil ns well as military
lile. The course, wliich i^ four years, thout^h
prcjvision is made for a two years' c(nnse in
certain siilijects, eml)ra( es ICiiL^lish, l''rench,
drawin-, iiiathem,iti( s and mechani( s, eni;i-
neerinji, surveyini;, fortihcation, ar( hitectiire,
astronomy, chemistry, geoloj^v. inineraloi^y,
l)hy>ics, electricity, tactics and strategv, sig-
nalini;, military law and administration, mili-
tary drill, ■ivmnastics, teiK iiii,'. swimming and
riding. A lew of these subjects are volun-
tary, liiit luo^l of them ,ire obligatory. .\ rig-
orous ex.imination has to be passed i(v candi-
dates lor entraiK e. and if more reach the
minimum than can be admitted — two from
each of the twelve militarv tlistri( ts into
which Canada is divi, Id — those who make
the highest number of marks are given the
prctereiice. The age of admission is from
fifteen to nineteen.
The military ,talf consists of .1 command-
ant, stall .idjiitant and seven profesM)rs and
instructors, four of whom are gradu.ites of
the college, and two of the litter hold com-
missions in the regular army, live of the
staff are officers of the active list of the im-
peri.il army, lent to the college for a five
years' term, at the close of which they ,ire
re(piiied to rejoin their command. 'I'wo are
officers of the retired list. I'lieie is a (ivil
stalf of live, holding permanent appoint-
ments from the government. The presence
of imperial officers gives a standing to the
institution which it would not otherwise
possess, and helps the proper tr.iining of
I hose ol the ( adels who .ire desiined for com-
missions in the regular army. 'I'he govern-
ment was fortunate in the choice of the first
( (imm.mdant, Coi . Hi \m i i ,,,f the Royal
i'Jigineers, who, in addition t) being an
accomplished S(holar and a good soldier,
was possessed of great tact and energy, and
knew Canada from former service. To his
skill is due in large measure the sik cess which
attended ihe college from its very outset, and
his guiding hand directed it through the difii-
culties which invariably attend the early
career of a new institution, whii h, in this
case, was to a large e.\tent an e.\i)eriment.
Having completetl his term he returned in
1.S.S6 to Plymouth, and was siic( ceded bvC(j|.,
Di.n i:r of the Royal Artillerv, who had been
prolessor of surveying and astronoinv from
the beginning, and who ]iroved himself to be
a worthy successor. The i)reser.. .,ead of the
institution is M.\ i.-C>i:\. c:ami kox, late of
the Royal Artillery.
Sik l-ki',iii:kuk Miudi I'/roN, now retired
from the command of the Canadian forces,
took a deep interest, offici.dlv and personally,
in Ihe college, and during its early days
helped it with counsel and advice, which his
exiicrience ,it Sandhurst well (pialified him to
give. The general ofiicer commantling the
militia is e\-ofiicio president of the college.
'l"he entrance examinations are held in
June at the headciuarters of each military
district, and the twenty-four successful can-
didates report themselves at the opening
of the term the following September, The
lirst week is spent in being uniformed and
drilled into some kind of form. The sec-
ond week the old cadets return, and the g.ir-
nson settles down to hard work. The daily
routine embraces drill and (lass parades,
study and other duties. l''rom reveille to
tattoo, with the exception of two hours — from
four to six, during which he is free — the ( adet
is under the eye of authority in the class or
lecture room or on parade. There is none of
that loitering which so often takes j.hH-e at
civil colleges, none of that individu.d liberty
which often means license. The cadet has.
./ .V. '/ 17 \7A' '7 nil. >i. I .\i\-ia \i I h/\ I h\
lldWCN iT, IWll ll.lll llillid.lVs, 111! W .iIiumLiV .lllll mil
iiriuri^ l,ik( > |i|,iif, uilli hldUih- ii{> (j|
S.iiiir(l,i\', wlnii lu' m.iy .;' i <iiil un pi^^ nil iiii.i.;in,ii y linlilh .iticin^ ,iih1 i|,ri>, .ind in
'l^'^i'll ii'i l"rk. (II uilh r\Il,i Kmm' lill (iiic, liiliiticiii n| (liill .111(1 li.Udini i Aii( ix . ,il Ur
I'll!-' .111(1 |',iiln.'> 111 Kin--.l(iii .lie iiiiird Idi w liK li llu- usiill^, (i| liir lA.iinin.iliiiii-, .lie an-
llu-c (1 i\ -. I<ii llic c, 1(1(1. Willi Ills -,u s(.irKi iidiilK I'd. iIh' |.ii/cs dl-l i ilcili'd, .ind llirMC^-
llllil'illil, l> in ilil|i(ill.llU 1,1(1(11 ill the ^((( i,il -I'dl li|((il-lil td ,1 uTiiiiii ilKdi. I he '^(nillKil-
Wolld. \\ llllc iltciidin^ llii' ( (ilK'i^c till' ( ,i(lt't> .m'licl.il, the liiiiii-.Ui (il luillli.i, iil ^i iliic( ilic
■ IK' lit ( (iiir>c siiMc( I Id ilii (,>iic. n'-, Isi'-iil.i- I'Nr liiL;li in .iiiili(irii\ . i^ ,, , uud. if piis^ililc,
the \rin\ .\( I, liu' M ilil,,i \( I, ,ih(l -.in 1
1 III disti licilc ll
(■ |iri/i'> jiiil
( dlKi' riik'> and iv^w latKiii-^ a-
liodps arc Miliji'i I id.
I In M
I H'^l \
nialv
111
t a -1 H (_( ll.
I'diir ( ((iiiiiii>>i(iiis. .iiic (Ml ll 111 ilu- tai-iiu'i i'^
• illilldA , I a\aliv .\nt\ inlaiiliv liiaiii lies dj ilu
'I' he |ili\ >i(al II iiiiiii- I-. r\i (111 111. .S| ui, I .- illl|nrial -.el \l( i,-. ,ili- a \ .ilia I .!(.■, I lie i .idrts wild
M\|(ik \l(iki, \ \, (ll ilu- .S(((|s (IiialcU. |(ii - SI, 111(1 iiiL;lir--t (111 ilu- Ikiihii idll, il d|luiui-.c
sidis (i\ I r lliN d,|i,irliikait, .ind ua 11 ( jiiililicd cli.niMc. Ik iiii; lmiIiiKiI id tin in in I lie ( nalcr
111' 1^ Id lill ilu- pd^iiidii. ( '.idiis w lid |i,i..s ii.iiiu'd. I'Ik' I'lr-i I wd .lie I, iL;i.al\' Mill-Ill. the
Idiir \aMi- iiiiiKi 1
IN ln■^ll U( lidii ( diiir dill lliird -lauT.ilK u^
nil dia |i I llcs!> .111(1
( i( ■> .1-Ih .inin^. a-N lliric ,iic
IC( I llunro, iiid .-.lidu U'w ('ill, nil, ill \ (lill lis w illi siitti(iinl inc. in-- td
* ImI .1 tlidi(iiiL;li |iliy--i( ,il I iMinini^ i ,iii .n ( ( mi- ki.i'|i up ,i pusiii. ui m -.ik li an r\pL-ii--i\ i- In.iiK li
ili-li.
' >iu- (ll I he lew .iiaN III ud( 111 ( diidiK I I, pid-
Ilu- --ll \ i( I', III \^ lill ll ( ,isr ,111 ,iildiii(iii,ii
iiniiiis--idii in ilu- iiii,iiili\- is miu-r,i|l\- sulisiu
.\ll u lid li,n (■ I iki 11 ihc fall Idiir \ r.ii -'
nidlidii Id ilu' iMiik df iidii-( dinniissiiMu ll iiiii'd. ,\ll v
(iIlK cr, 1 lu' <,(iiiiiii,iiid,iiu li,i\iii^ ,iiiiliiir!i\ Id ( diii'si.-, ,ind I pMlilii ll in .ill I lu- (ilili;^,ildi \ siili
,ip|idini NiK ll I idin anidii
tlld^C Ik-sI ipi.llirK-d. ii-( Is.
rdllil Is nr w Ik I Is Mi\ i-sti d \\
.irr (.nlilK-d Id iiii-i\t- .1 dipldin.i nl
nil liu- I lu-\ |-diis, .uradiLilidii. liiusc ulm Imm- spiii.dK dis-
iir ui\-i'n ilu- riulil id wa-.n ih.- si.'r^c.inrs s.ish. liiiL;iiislu-d llu-nisrU a-s .lUn riiii\in_; hdiidts.
I'l'll ullih- slllijirl Id still I (lis, iplnu- the 'I'lidSi- w lid K-.IV I- .11 llir rlld df I u n \ (-,il s, ,ind
lijri Is 111 pi i red. ia-1 1 i\-i- ,1 (a 11 1 111 .lU-
h
I .KU-is ii.iv (■ (11 ipi iri laiiiu-s t(
I iilliwiK- liu-if p
(11 ill I in.ihiu-s.
( )lU- df ilu- l-\ CIlls III ll
It- dl inilii.ii \ ipi.ililK .11 1( 111 diiK
se.isdii Is ihc ,1111111. ll spuiis, w'hii h t.ike pl.ii a- .\IU|- ilu- ntlii i,il prdi ci diii-s arcuNri mi
in ,'>e|iU-inln I'. I'lu- cainpiis is .ili\a- u illi ( ,ir- ilu- i hisiiiL; d,i\ the cuk-ls li.ive ,i p.irnK of
ri.i.L;e> and pevlesi ii.iiis, \\ hilc pri-tl y ^irls. \\ ii h then (ju n. w hen the ineinldi > dl the L;r,idii,it-
tlieiv I h.ipei'iins. liirin ilu- center df ^roiips in- i l.iss li,i\ e In imderi;d ,in dide.il nf li.iiid-
en-.iijed in anini.i
ted
ill\ els.ilidii. (
If w .111 h- sluikiiiL; and le,n e-l,ik
ill- Ml true I dlleue Idini.
111- uilh inli-iesl the \,iridiis i (iiiipelitidiis nj A \ ,ile(li( tmy dinner in the e\aiiiii- Idlhnvs.
^peed .111(1 skill. R.ua-s, iuiiipin- cdinpi-tii idiis ,iiid then ste.inu-r ,ind i ,ir lie ii the i ,i(lels dlf,
.mil sU-eplei ha--es lulldu c.u h nlher in ipiiik and the li.ilU .ire deseiled Im three innnlhs.
siiei essidil. while the til- of w ,ir liel ween the Sdine nf the )i,issed (,idelsdf the (nlh-e
ri.Ljht ,ind lell wiii-s (■re,ile.s .ilimisl ,is sin h h,i\e .ilicidv wmi I, line fur theniseUes. i'lu-
interest .is iho strii--l(- dii the jsis ln-tweeii n.iiiu- ol S i \iks. wlm ai ( dinpinied Si \\ii\
the(dlle.m- ei-hl<. 'rile i^, lilies d\er. all .id- in his nun h ihrdii-l: d.irkesi Alrii.i, is well
iidW-ii the w an Id d\ ei . I ,li i i . Ill w i i i s,i ved
Win; nil the
jdiirn td the ,u\ inn.isiinn. wlu-ie llie pri/es,
tildresulistanli.il ih.iii the < row n of i\ y .u the in the Sdiid.in .ind hears ,i nied.d
( )l\iiipii -.lines. , ire distrihiited In the victors. li.mk-- nf Ilu- Nile.,in(l l.iii i. |),i|;r.M li.is
Tea and .m iinprdinplii d.inia- Inllow in the distm-iiislu-d liiniself fm Iir.i\er\ in r.iiini ih.
Cdllcge halls. ( )i ( asidii has nnt \ei ,iris,n to i .ill mid full
A hall is -i\eii .It ("111 istin.is l,y the st.iff .md pl.iv liie eiier-ies of llie lapidK --rnw up- iiu in-
( aiK-ts. and ,1 yet more el.ilidiate enterl.iinnu-iU lurs df the graduates df the l\c\,il Milit.irv
df Miiiil.ir cli.ir.n ler at ili
e ( aose i
ll tlu-idlle-e ( 'dlle-e. and ll is I hel (-fore Ion e,irl\ t( i jink
vear in June. On cIonIii- day a seric-^ of lield ol iisfnll lienelil luCmada. Hiu iheopinidn
^^?^^"'^'
'.!»
>■**
'i'.
m^^
*■( ■:
..s-^
*^=*^i*:
■si-isi'
.'W'.b.
'^
1*' >\ \\ Mil I I >l.\ 1 'i| I M -t .
KINrl^'T^^i'Tl.\I^M^()^^' AND l'(
'T ■?!■. I.I iH.c.i' >■ ' vniri'ii
)H AND KORTII-ICATK
M " I " W (■. (> .
Ml llf : I < in K' M.
Mol I'.l Ml.l'.
i
I
r.i.y.uirs ivf.st point.
33
f)f LoKi) I.ANSDDWNE, expressed when gover-
nor-general, is worth ((noting. 'I'hese are his
u ords :
"Tlu'io is no Canadian Inslitiilion of wliicli Can-
ada should bo prouder or which will do better ser-
vice lo the country and to the empire. It forms an
interesting and distinctive feature In the military
system of tlie Dominion. That system, as I under-
stand it, Is based upon the rccojj;nition of the fact
that Canada cannot aliord in her own interests, or in
those of the empire, to disregard those precautions
which every civili/ed community takes in order to
ensure its (jwn safety from internal commotion or
external attack. I'pon the other hand it Is a system
entirely opposed to the establishment of a numerous
siandini,r army or to the withdrawal of a large body
of citizens from the peaceful pursuits which are
essential to the progress and development of the
country.
'■ That being so, it is char that in case of a national
emergency the Dominion would have to trust largely
to the spontaneous ell'orts of its own people, to the
expansion of its existing organization, and the rapid
development of the resources already at our conunand.
" Hut, gentlemen, it is needless for me to point
out to you that there is one thing which it is im-
possible to produce on the spur of the moment, and
that is a boily of trained oHicers, competent to take
charge of new levies or to supervise operations
necessary for the defense of the national territory,
and therefore it appears to me that we cannot over-
rale the value of an institution wliic h year bv vear Is
turning out men who have received within its wall
a soldier's education in the best sense of the word
and who, whatever their primary destination, will, I
do not doubt, be found available whenever their ser-
vices arc required by the country."
Tiic cost of ethication at tlie Military Col-
lege is not nnreasonahle. Each cadet is re-
([nired to deposit annually $200 to cover the
cost of messing and qtiarters, and in addition
$200 the first year and $150 each year after-
wards for uniform, books and instruments.
The messman receives forty-six cents per day
for each cadet present. Extras are obtainahle
at fixed pri( es. No ( adet is allowed to spend
more than $2 jier month, non-commissioned
officers more than $4, for extras, which they
l)ay out of their pocket money.
In addition to the full course of four years
and the military course of two years, ])ro-
vision has been made at the college for officers
of the militia, who reipiire higher instruction
than the military schools afford, to take a
three months' course, one class being in-
structed each year. 15y this means a number
of officers have been enabled to ipialify for
important positions in the service.
Taken all in all, Canada's West Point has
been an unqualified success.
TiiK view of the grand old city u\ Kingston, presented in photo-gravtire at the beginning
of this article upon "Can.ada's West Point," shows the Military College buildings at left
< enter -the building with so many windows being the main edifice, and the smaller buildings
near by are the gymnasium and other necessary adjuncts to so large an institution, of which
Ontario may well be proud.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION,
Historical and Otherwise, with some Opinions of Travellers.
/^TUl'. mutr fit the Si. i.nurcinr
T^ licrn n<itL'(l lof tlir v,irirt\- anil
lias lonu
licauly III
it-. ^( riuTx . I'lu' travrllfi- 1 oininj; iij) tVnin ilic
slm, ^lioulil ho turn asiiK- to cxplnri.' llic i lia^in
ot the Sai;ufiia\, wmuM ^^itn^■>^; a m ciu- ut
j;rainlcur scarcely ciinalnl li\ an\ citlici- ut its
i<iii(l in aiiv part nt' the w.nid. i'lirllKT up,
till' Rapids ot the St. I.awfcnco pffsent in suc-
(e-^iiiii (li^phiyM)!' majestic iiowcr and volume
tiiat command admiration, and on tinally reach-
ini; the le\el (U' nasiualile waters above, the
approach to the fii^i ot" the Ciieat Lake- leads
throui;lU a lalurintli of i-land-, whiih, for
variety of -i enerv and quiet lieaut\, have
-ehlom tailed to awaken the entlrasia-m ot the
tia\ eller.
To this uroup o|' island-, uitli their hi-lori-
( al .i--o( ialions, .md the impre-sion- uhii h
their M enerv ha- in-pired, the -re. iter p. in ot
this \ olume is devoted.
in arr.int;ing the in.iteriais of ihi- work, the
editor ha- lieen unj^.ii^ed in no -m.dl de-ree in
presenlin:; the thou,i;htsof o'hers : leit. heliex-
in^j; th.it the enjoyment of this scenerv would
he eidianc ed hy learniiii^ the mantter in which
it h,r^ impre-sed tho-e who h,i\e uilties-ed it
in the vear- that are pa-t, he h.i- -ou-lit to
pre-enl as wide a rani^e of the-e imine— ions
a- opportunities .lUowed, yet not lailini; to
present iniicli that is ori-inal ami never hetore
imlilished.
No one will doiiht that jiiace- .icipiire exlra-
ordinarv interest when associ.ited with ,:;reat
events, or even when linked with liie ideal
incidents of poetrv and romance, in allusion
to tlic interest wliiih these associations impart
to -o manv phu es in tiie Old World, while
tlure are i:oinparatively few in the Xew, the
n.itur,ili-t Wil-on, in whom were united a keen
p,r<epiion of the beauties of nature and a
h:-hl\ poeti( temperament, in the opening
p.iri oi lii- I'Oresters, says:
■• \ri N.iiuic's <li.iiins. tlial lilnoin so lovely here,
liihaiUd .iriivf. luilu'filccl di-appeai ;
Wliilr tinre. Iilcik lieatlis. and brooks of lialf a mile
( .m loii-r ilie llioiisand hards of Uril.iin's Isle,
riirri'. -c.iK e a -licaiii cieeps down its narrow bed,
•I'licic. M Mice a liillock lift- ils little head.
Or huiuiili' liamlct peeps their };lades anions.
Hui live- and iiummir> in immortal song.
Our wr-iein world, witli .dl its mate liless tloods,
Oui \,i-i tr.m-parcnt lakes ami boundless woods,
Siain|Mcl wilh tlir traits of majesty sublime,
rnh.inoied wtep the -dent lap-e of time;
Spirad tlieii wild t;randem to ilie nncoiiscious -ky,
In su-ecle-t -easons pa-s mdieeded by:
Willie -dice one Muserctnms the son^; tliey gave,
Oi serks to snatch ihrii gloti<s from the gravi."
hi -oine of tiie prose descriptions th;it tol-
lo«. the rc.ider will find a poetry of sentiment
,ind im.iu'cry of tho\i;4ht that cannot fail to
eiiL^a^e the attention. In others, tiiere are
ini ideiit- :in(l events described that may add
new iiuerest to this region, csiiecially those
relaiiii'^ to the :iccounts of travel in the olden
time, with the hninble accomodations and the
discomforts of the iieriod, that afford a strik-
ing contr:ist with the exact appointments and
the .imple luxuries of the jiresent day.
I'.AKiv Indian HisrouY.
'• In the be-inning." so far as iiistory or
tradition extends bar k into the iiast, tliis region
.'.■iff
I
»»
-^
^-.
i;/:.\/:h\u. />/:sc/\//' /'/ox.
V
■m
M
was the bonlcr-laiul of the Algonquin iind tlic
Iroquois, — the former dwcllini; for tlie ino>t
l)art to I he nortliward and eastward, while the
latter, at least in the later jjeriod. had their
jirincipal homes along the lakes and rivers cjf
Central and Western New Vork.
The t'arly historians of Canada rec ord the
fac t that a bloody war was going on between
llie Adirondacks or AlgoiKiuins on the St.
Lawrence, and the Iroquois or five Nation^
ot the region now in<hi(led in Central and
Western New N'ork, when the (oiintry was
first visited by the French. Champlain took
part in this war on the part of the former, and
by the use of fire-arms, hitherto unknown in
Indian warfare, turned the tide of success for
a time in favor of his allies— but gained
tiiereby the lasting hatred of their enemies
towards the French. The origin of this war-
fare is trai ed by tradition to a long time
before the first apjiearance of the white man,
and although not measured by moons or sea-
sons, it still appeared to be consistent, and
probable, — and according to the little that
could be gathered, was as follows :
'i'he Algoncjuins and the iro(piois had lived
for a long time in harmony, the former being
the stronger, and chielly sid)si>ting by the
chase, while the latter were more inclined to
fishing and agricidture. Now and then the
youtig men of the two ra( es woe.ld go out on
their limiting expeditions together, but in
these the superiority of the man who killed
the game, over him who skinned and dressed
it, was always insisted upon, and when the
l>arty saw an op])ortunity, it was the business
of the one to pursue and slay, and of the
other to stand by and see it done.
.\t one time, half a do/en of each < l.iss
were out in the winter on a hunting ex( iir-
sion together. They saw some elk uid iiiinie-
diately inirsueil lliem, but the .\l/onquins,
presuming on their superiority, woi.Ul not
suffer the voung Iroipiois to take part, at ;!'e
same time giving them to understand that
they would soon have business enough on
hand in taking care of the game t'.iey were
about to kill. Three days were spent in vain
pursuit, for although they saw there was an
abundance of game, ill-luck followed them at
e\er\- ste|).
.\t length the Iri(pi(jis offered tn go out
themsehes, and the former, nr)l doubting but
that a like failure would soon put an end to
their unwelcome comments iqion their own
elforts, const'iited. The tide of success lurnetl
in their favor, and the Iroquois soon returned
with an abundaiK e of game. Mfirtified at
this result, the jealmN Algompiins the next
night killed all of their successful rivals as
they lay sleeping. The crime, although con-
cealed and denied, was soon discovered, and
the lro(pif)is at first made tlu'ir complaints
with moderation — simply asking that justiie
should be done to the murderers.
No attention was paid lo these < oinplaints,
and the injured party took justice into their
own hands, solemnly vowing to exterminate
the haughtv race or jierish in the atlemi)t.
Long series of retaliatory inroads were from
this time ni.ide by each into the territories of
the other, which linally ended greatly to the
advantage of the Iroipiois, and in the almost
total annihilation of their enemies. The St.
l'ran( is Indians are a remnant of this once
powerful tribe.
Ill \W.\1II A.
The legend of Hiawatha has been rt'iulered
tamiliar to most reailers of American poetrv
by the metrical version of Longfellow, and the
prose of Clark. .Schooh raft and others, and
much controversy has been had with respect
to the author of the legend as it first appeared
in Fnglish. We accept, as fully reliable, the
statement made by the late Hon. ]. V. H.
Clark, of Manlius. author of the History of
Onondaga County, in a letter to the New
Vork Tribune, in January, 1856, in which th.c
claims of various writers and the dates of
their |iublications are preciselv stated.
The legend relates to the origin of the
I.e.igue of the Inxpiois, at a time which no
record lixes by date, and no circumstance
acceptable to the historian would lead him to
locate otherwise th.m somewhere in that
period clouded in the uncertainties of the
torgotten past. We cannot present its begin-
1 1.
'if
i
3S
./ .s('/ ;/ \7A' ('/ /■///•: s/. /.,/// A'/.\( 7 h-n IK.
Minti, uliidi UM-, in lliw ir,nioi,.in..re.ipi.in|)ri .pirmMlii v nl lus .Ikm.mUt. .mmI llir (il).ic.t nl
au.lv ih.u, 111 ihr ..ii-m.il Imuua-c nl Mr. l.i. ini-iMii. Ilr uuiUmI ilin,', In .iitund liiiii
(•li|.|^. in ins iM->ai;r up I lir river, .mil tlK'\ wilnosnl
•.|1uim1i..U oi vc.u. ,,..., l.i.n„ii,v..-w,.ilu. 111.- ni.iny ihin-^ ulmli .-nMl.! nnlv lu- ,„ , ntintcl
Deity u-li.> I'loitlis ovn Ii-1hiu'- aihl i.11. Mills, .■.uiii- I., I ,i> liillM. Ir-, nr |,r (IcMrilir.l lull in llir
ilowii fioni liis livvclliii- |.l,ur in ilir . l.uids i.i vi-ii u.iiiilrl-^nl liidi.iii liivl'mlni^v. I Ic a^i riuK'd
ihi- iuli.il>ii.iiiis (il ilu- c.nili. Ill' h.iil I'l rii (Icpiiir.! ^^^ ||^^. |^,^,^,,. 1,,|,,.,, plain! all lliillL;-> in pinprr
1'^ II" '■"■•" ■""' '' ' ^l'""' "■'■"' '"■-"■ '" "'^" ,„,lrl- tnr liK' rnininll ami MlM. ll.l'n. r nl lliaiK
-iif.iiii-- .ml ' liMi ill'' I li.iiiiiiN liMiii ,ill .ili-ti uclh'ii^, 11,.
, ,. , , , , l.ui'lU t inn inu In CM lU.ltr ( nlll .mil lirails,
1.1 Tc k .nil llir -.).>.l llimy~ III llii i-iniiiln ilinni-h i.m.,iii
„h„|, 1„. MU.iiilr.l h.p.iss, ilui ,1,1 ^ i,nululH„ii.,r wlmli ll,,il iinl liclniv In'Oll -mwu by Hum,
-,nici.,llv .iissii„,,i.,li-',l a, 11. ill- .il! tin ;,'onii iniipk' ni.ulc llu' ll-llin- :.;rnilliil t'nr, .111(1 nprnril In
of llic r,!,,!, ~i-S|ni i.illv 1.1 I'.Miil mil lo llii-'lil llii' |]] (l^, uninUM-lllpli'il plll^llil nl ^.IIIU'. llr
niiis, .Millrnl li-lii,l-:^imiii.l~, .m.l |.. In-lmv iiih.ii ,1,,, ,.,|„|,,,,1 ,,liinliu lil.inkiml 1 llr I'ruil ^ nl llu'
lliriii mini .111 ri'l.iMc :iifl- Al.mil Ihi- nine, uvii ' I ,11 1 i , n, 1 1, ,iis t rnm llif
, ., Ill (Milli. .Mill i.iii.iMil all ii|i>ii m linn-' I mill ine
vmiii" 111 f llir I liimiil.i-.i N.ilimi were Ii-lli'S-U ,, , i -.i i-
,.i.in, ..w, ,l,e.,,l„, MneuMlii.ul llie Lake.. I a naNi^alilc Miv.iinv l.cui^ pl.aMal Ullh 111.
l|i.,„s.,n,| M,., Dnim- til. 11 1. v< 11. lli.v .■S'"-.l- Ml, i i, >-, lie .i-uiiiml I lif < li.ir.u IlT .iml IniliUs
;is llu V tlnni-lH, l.ii in the .1 i-l.nn e, .i ~i,i'.;le ul,i,e ,,, , mm, .1 Hi I lai ei Vml tile n aill.' 1 1 i ■ ,1- w .it -ha.
( -i^nit's in^ " \ . 1 s «is'' 111. m. "I and li\eil his
ir-iilmii L' nil the li.Miitilul sliniJ> nl Cm-,-
i.ikr. Atl.r .1 lime. llu' iniiiiirv heiMmc
spirk. he,m,,lnll\- il.iinin- <.vei llie Ini^lil li!,,i
w.ileis. ,1,1.1 while lliey w.il.hr.l llie ..hie. I with ill.
ni.ist i,,ieiis. .ni\iet\, il -ee,,ii I In nn ie.,-i in ni.iu
niln.le .111.1 inovel .1- it .i|'in..a. Iim- ihe |.l.,i-. win II
,|„.v weu u-.ale.l, nn.-l .iilxi.nislN awailm;; ill.' alani.cl li\ .1 Im-Ulo inva-inli. \v,un lie called
event III the MMtali.. 11 I.I -. . M n- nl.,, an ohie. 1 - L.i ,, , . nilli 1 1 i .1 .ill the 1 rihes llnm the e.isl .ind
at ihi-. t,,i,e llu I .in..es li.nl t've, inaile tin ir .i|.|.i-,ii- ,||^, ^^j.^|_ ,||,,1 j,, a lunu: haiMn,i;ue ,iri;ed ilpnli
.nne Ml 111.' iliii.timi win n.a llii- w.i- .ipin. .... h- , I,,.,,, ||,^. niipditam e nl iinil in- 1 hem-clve- ill
"'^'- -^^ "-"''i'"" —';'"■ ^'•■'"- " I""-;' '" ,, |,,„„, ,,., ,h,irc,nn,nnn.lerensean.l niuli.al
-e, III. Ian. e t.> he a viiieial.l.' hrnkm^ in.m. i .,liiil\ - , , ,., , i ■ i
-eale.l ,11 a i an„e i,l |mie while, m ,v en,n.n-h . ..„- happine--. 1 llev del ll lelMtei 1 upnl. llW.idMce,
slniele.l ,,inl iiin.hiiime i ,,i,;i„im,sl v w,.i„ul,i ili.m .iiiil ihe next il.iv .idnpled and r.illlied llic
llinse 111 ii-ii .eimiiLi the tiihe-. I.I the i iiiiiil i \ . Like |.elL;Me nl rillnll W llii h he 1 ei nlllineildcd,
.1 I yyiiei ii|.i.ii the wiile hill, -ea, -I. --.It llie laii...' ill ^^ I,\curuii'^ .^aw l.nv In ihe Spartans, anil
'■ m-y.i-w.M ha Ili.m, Ihe L,.k.'.ilaTI„.ii.aniMsl.s, ^^^ ,„.' ,,,,,,", ,„" 1,„| lUnlU nl.MMM- il- prei ept-,
■' \- .1 iMii 1.1,1111 I, il,,fl- l.iw.inis ihi 1 11-hiiii; iMl.i- i .i i
, , ,. ,,, , ,:,,ii„,, tiiiti, hi- letiini Imm a i nev, ,ind ilieiiik-
1.1.1 -., emii-eil the while eaiioe iivi'r the ii|iiilini: •
w.mi-;. |.i..:.elh.l l.v iheMimmarni.if 111. -..I ..f Ihe p.llle.l tn felMlll 11.) in.ite, -,n 1 I l-.l-W.tt- ha
ilvei. I)i I |i llimi-lil -.11 mi iln hi.iw ul the lii.m
lie.iile.l iii.iiiini: pi nelr.il i.iii in. ilk. .I hi- cm , .iinl
iliep. .I.uk n,v-te,\ [iciv.i.le.l In- . .niiiti n.mee Willi
,1 siniile i>ar he -ileiitlv pad.ll. .1 hi- h.^lil trmimeil " ' , , ,
• V .. Ill inner, and llni- .iililte--e.l tinaii
h.iikahniu the -h.jii, as if -eekiiin a e.imiii.nlimi
h,i\eii.if lest. Ill' S.I. .11 null.'. I ihe pinw of hi-
ll. ejile ves-il int.. llie i-tn.iiAiif the ' ilmihle rini ,'
a,,. I 111., 'I.' t.i-t 1.) ill. w.'-iein -inn. . II. ■ iii.ii.'-li. .ill\
haxin- lirniii;hl ihe . .Mineil 1.) ,i cln-e, and ,t-
ihe ,1— .'iill.l.'ii niiie-wer.' ,ll.niil lo -ep,if.ite
in iheir remin liuiii.'. .irn-e in ,i dij4nitieil
11
■' Liieml- an. I Hinlhei- : I li.ive imw fnllilh'il illv
nii--imi ii|.mi e.iilli . 1 li.ive ilmn eveiylliiiiy which
. ,111 he a.iii.' ,it pre-eiil Im the u....il "f this f^tcMl
,i-ccn.l.-.l th.' snip h.tiik. iim -i.ipj.iil till h.' ha, I |,e.,ple. ,\ue, inliriiiilv .iinl .li-lie— -it heavilv iipmi
•^.liiieil llie l.ifli.'-t siiiiiinil lit llie wi-leiii hill.
|)iiiiii- inv -limn II annniu. v. in I h.ive re-
11, en -ilenllv j,'a/.iim armiiul .i- li n. . \aniine the ninv . .1 all nh-l i in limi- tnnii yoiu streams. Canoes
.•,,ii,,lM, he hi r, line eiicli.iiitcl with tin view, an.l ,-in imw p.is- i \ ei vwlni i . I havL' eiveii ymi ,l;iioiI
llr, iwin- his stately I'Driii 1. 1 its iiliiio-t Ini^lit. In' CN lishii,;; w, iters .in.l i^.m.l hnnliii^' irimin.l-; I hav.'
L-laini.il ill ai I eiits 111 the wildest eiilliii-i,i-ni. l >-li i,,,,^hl \ini Imw M .nlnv.ile emu ,ml In, ins. and
wah-k. .', i>-li w.ih-k. I'." have h'.n ii",l \milheail .M iii.ikiiij; e.ihiii-. NLiiiv
mliei l,lessii,L:s I h.ivi liheiallv bestowed upmi ymi.
llv ipprn.l.h.al Ihe twn vniili- hlinleis, ., , .,„|^. i ,,, ,,, ,„,w assi-fd you lo form an ever-
•j^iineil lluMf ( niiridence, and h.i\ illi; dr.tutl Pi^ij,,^ l,..ii.,ie ,in.| . nveiMiil nt stiemjili and fiieiid-
Il,,ni thein . I knnw led;j;e nf the diriicillties nn- sliip. fm ymir Iniiin -.il. l\ .nnl pim.'.li..n. If vmi
def wlll.h tiiey l.ihnlcd, dl-, In-ed t.) tliein the presuive it withmit th.- admis-imi of other people,
"i
<i-
'mm
mmWm
^ i^;i^"'"'rv. ••■:,■:
■I
ov-.AV.A'. / /. />/:s( Rir I low
4'
:a
you will .ilways lu' fjcc, iiiiiin nms ami iiiinhtv- If
uilici iiallims aif atlmiUril in yoiii ((iimcils, iIk'V
will sow jciloiisjfs aiuciiii; xoii.aiiil v<iii will Imcdiiic
(■nslavt'ii, few ami fiiblc. Kcmciubii lliesc words :
liny arc llit- last yoii will licar from iliu li|is of lli-a-
wal-lia. I.i-lcii, my fiiciicN ; ihc (iical Ma^Mr-of-
Urcatli calls nil' 111 K"- 1 have |ialii'iith uaiiiil lii--
siiiiimoiis. I am ready : Farewell."
As lllf wisi- 111, til ( kist'll lli^ >ln.'erli, tlu'l'i-
imrsl upcin the cars of tiic .issrinliled iniilii-
liiilc llie clu'crfiil sounds ol' tlu' ino^t (UliL;ht-
fiil siii;j,in)4 voices. 'I'lie wliolc skv sciiiicd
fillrd with llio swt.'i'U'st inolodv of ( cli'sli.il
music; and heaven's iiiL;h arch ei hoeil and re-
eclioed liie toucliini; strains till the whole vast
.isseiniily was coiii|ih-tely absorbed in rajitiirotis
e( stacy. .\inidst the neiieral confusion which
now |irevailed, and while all eves were liirned
towards t!ie etheria! regions, lli-a-\vat-ha was
seen inajestii ally seated in his <:anoe, grace-
fully rising higher and higher abo\e their
heads tiitougli the ,iir until he became entirely
lost from the view of the assembled throng,
who witnessed his wonderful ascent in mute
and admiring astonishment — while the fasci-
nating music gr.idually became more plaintive
and low, .md finally sweetly expired in the
softest tones upon their ears. a-> the wise man
Ili-a-wat-ha, the godlike 'ra-oiin-va-wat-ha,
retired from their sight, as mysterioiislv as he
first appeared from The Lake of a 'I'housand
Isles, and ipiietly entered the regions inhabited
only by the favorites of the great ,iiul good
spirit Ila-wah-ne-u.
In the legend, as rendered bv Longfellow,
no allusion to this region is spccificallv made,
and the scene of events is located in the west,
on the south shore of I. .ike .'^iiperiiu', in the
region beyond the I'icturetl Rocks ,ind the
(Irand Sable.
Cki. \ric)\ oi- riir: Inui \n K.mk.
Among the traditions of various Indi.in
tribes we find ,i legend of their creation,
which, although differing more or less in de-
tails, agrees in ascribing their origin to a peo-
ple who came out of the ground. Of this
mythological belief we have an interesting ex-
ample in this part of the world, as given by
M. I'oiK het, a JMeni h writi-rot .11 knowledged
merit, u ho re( orded wh.it he saw and heard.
This writer w.is an oflii er in the French ser-
vice, .111 d ( I nil mantled I'Ort l,e\ is, on the ( )r,i( o-
nenton I^le, a short distam e below ( )gdens-
burg, when this last stronghold of the JMench
was ciptiired bv l.ord .Amhinst in ij'io.
He subseipiriith prepared .1 histor\- of the
e\ents in whii li he h,nl himself borne an im-
port, mt part, which w.is published some yea:s
after his de.ith, and in this he gives nuK h in-
lorniation concerning the Indians who then
inh.ibited this region. In desciibing the shores
of I. .ike ( )nl,irio, he speaks of a great arc of
s.iiul hills along the e.istern end of the lake,
behind which are m,irshy meadows, through
wliii h the ri\ers wind. This des( rijition I'learly
identifies these streams with those now known
.IS the N'orth and South liram lies of Sandy
Creek, in the town of I'.llisbiirgh, Jefferson
coiinly, which unite just .ibo\ e tlu' jioint where
they enter. the lake. They are remarkable in
this, that at the head of the Sinith Hranch is
the jikice where the tradiiiiuis of the Iro(]Uois
li\ the s[M)t "where they issued from the
ground, or r.ither, according to their tradi-
tions, where they were born."
Tk \ii,s Of Indi.w Ri^i uKii> ii\ iiiK St.
I-AU UKNl I..
Opjiosite the village of Oak I'uint, in l'"lixa-
beth Township, Canada, there e.v.sted in 1X50,
and ])erhaps does still, a rude representation
of a canoe with thirty-five men, and near it a
cross. On the rocks below Rockville there
were two similar paintings, each being a canoe
with six men. A deer rudely jiainted on the
rocks wis found on the shore of lihu k Lake,
a lew miles inl.md from Morristown, and
doubtless other rude sketches of the kind may
be loiind. These are probably of compara-
livelv modern origin, or at most not earlier
than the time of European settlement. They
may have been significant of some event
at the time when made, but whatever the
objects may h,i\e been, they have passed into
obbAion with the memory of those who made
them.
4-'
./ .scr/VWA' "/ //// >/. /.///A'AACA /<nhh'.
I
l)l
I'.MI 111 MmN- ()!■ l)i ( ■ini;i I M.I \
In tlir |Miirr> ii'l.itinn In l)i- ( ■(iiin rlK' ^aiicl
I )i' 'I'r.K \ 's lAiK'iliiKin^ a^.iiiist tlii' Moli.iwk
liidi.iiis (i()()5-(i), in (lex rilling tiif icpiilc^
li'.ulin;^ into ilu' licii|ii()is (oimtry, tlii' naviu.i-
lioii lit' llu' St. I.aurriu'i' i-- iiuntimu'd as I'x-
irL'(lin;;l\ diltii uli nniil tlir ripiij-. arc passril.
'• Hilt will 11 III! iiiiiiiili nf till' (Util l.;ike is
iiMilu'il, iIk' ii.iviji.iiion is uasy, wliiii (lie watt rs aif
iramiiiil, lucmiiiii;,' iiisiiiMlily wider at liist, lliiii
aJMiiii iwo.iliinls, iicNt oiu'-lialf. .iiu! Iiiiallv nut nf
siylil ul laiiil; cs|.ccl.illv afln niii- li.i^ |.a--i cl an
inliiiilv i>( litili' islaihU whicii .iir ai llu riiiiaiHi' nf
till' laki- 111 -111 li j^HMi iiiiiiiImi'.. and in --n. Ii a
vaiii'lv, llial llic imi-l cxiPtiiriicc'd lioi|iii)is pilnls
soimliiiu's In-c llifiiisi'lv.s tlirir. and liavr cimsid-
n.dilr ilillli illlv 111 dislin;;iii'-liiiii,' llif i nursi.- In lie
vliTii-d in llu- i.-niihi-inM. aiv'. as it wi-w. in llic lahv-
nnlli fnniicd In ihc islam. s. Snnir nf tlirsr aio
onlv lumr locks risin;; nni nf ilir walci, i n\LTcd
nicrt'lv liv iiiDss or a few sjuii'r nr ntliii siniilid
W I. wllnsc innis splill^ ll.MIl till- ■Irfts ,if ||ie
in<:ks whii li cm snppiy nn niln i aliinml ni nmisi
nil' to tlii-sf Ij.irifii trfcs tli.ai uli.ii ilif rains fmnish
till III. .\lti.T Icaviiifi this .diodr tin- l.iki- is disrov-
lied, .ipi'i'.ii iiiji liki' mil p a sea willioiit islands or
linnnds, wlii-H- liaiUsand ships i.an sail in all safely
sn tlial llir cnninuiiiii alinns would lie easy lielweeii
all llu I'leiu li I nioiiies ili.il ennid lie esl.ililislieil on
llie liordeis of this j;ieat laUewliiih is niore lli.m a
liundied Ir.e^ues loiii;. Iiy lliiily oi fnny wide."
I- Kl Mil M|s-|(iN.\l;IKs.
.Xnioni; the |iioneeis of clisrcivcr\ une tlu-
missionaries who wore sent out to ;.;ain the
friendsliip .ind secure ihc i onversion id the
Indian trihes of the interior. 'I'liese /calons
men anowcd no ohstai h's or dan-crs to inter-
riiiH their elVorls or damiien their archir, but
with an eneruy and |ierse\ erance that cannot
fail to excite our .idmir.ition, they iPiirsued
their way to the remotest parts of the interior,
wliere some liwd many years atnotui tlie sav-
ages amid all the [iriv .ilions nf awihlerness,
and otliers were murdered, or iniserahly ])er-
islied in the solitudes of the forest. We can
here mention hut a few of these iiioneers and
discoverers:
Fran(;()is de Salii^nac de I''enelon, half
brother nf the illustrious ireni h writer, the
Arcliliishop of ( 'ainhray, i ame lo Canada in
i(pf>7, and was for some lime cngaj^ed in llie
Indian missions at Toronto .-ind elsewhere.
'rile .\l)lie I''enelon accoiniMiiied the ('oiinl
ill- Irunteii.H 111 Lake Ontario in 167,^.
I.oiiis lleiineiiin, ,1 l''ranciscan. came to
t'.mada in ift;,, and wis stationed the iie\t
year ,U I'lonteiiac, Kinnsloti. He was .iflir-
wardssent by I .a .'^.tlle to explore the country,
.ind w.is the first European who saw the Mis-
sissi|i|ii river. Ill I'll); he piililished an ac-
1 oitnt of remote regions lluit he jiretended lo
h,i\e \isited, bill whii h is imw regarded in
p.irt al le.ist ,is a tiction. IvilhiT Marquette
.ilso m.ide ixtensive jouriuys in the west, and
died at Mackinaw, \l.i\ 14, i''7S. Menard.
.Mloiie/ .ind many others passed this w.iy on
their iounieys to disiant points, but these men
weie, ,1s ,1 rule, little give-n to romantic
(ii'scriptiotis, .ind their " relations " pert. tin
mote to the piii|ier obiect of their missions,
th.m to the si ener)' tluit they passed.
{•'ather l'',mm,iniiei Crespel, in a little work
published in 1 74J, describes some im idents of
.1 journey into the liuli.in country on the
Tpjier Lakes. lie was fifteen days going
from ,\Ioiitre,il to l''ronten.ic, and w.is there
dc (.lined some time in w.iiling for a vi'ssel to
Ni.ig.ir.i. This w.is of about eighty tons bur-
then, and .ipp.ireiitiv the only one then on the
lake. The p.iss.ige w.is made in less than
thirty-six hours. The lake was very c.ilm
.mil he sounded wiili ,1 line of a hundred
f.ithoms without finding bottom.
On his return lie remained two years al
I'Vontenac, w hen he was recalled to Montreal,
•ind sodti .ifierw.irds w.is sent to I, a I'oiiUe de
la Cheveiure on the east side of Lake Cham-
plain, in the present State of Vermont, and
ojiposite the French post at ('rown Point.
\'\H~-V .Mil 11 AKV I'.sl AllI islLMl-.N I Ul'oN I.NKK
( )n 1 akio — I'oK r Fki).\ riNAi'. — ( i^>7,v)
In order to protect the French interests, the
OjuiU de Frontenac resolved to establish .1
military post at the oiiilel of the Lake, and
with the view of impressing the natives with
the power of the French, he resolved to take
two llat bortomed canoes up the rajjids, and
even to mount them with ( annon, to insjiirc
ai.M h\U. J'l.SCKJfJ h>.\.
43
tlicin witli .ivvo Till' Iioals wire hiiilt .il'tcr .1
|i.irtu iiLii iiiuilrl, ii.iinlrd uiiliki.' ;iii\ lliinn uviT
sctii hitorc. and wore i.M( li m.miud l)\ sixuh'M
men. Willi tliesi.' .mil alidiil diu' liurulicd and
twenly hark < anots lie It'll Mdnlr'jal 011 tlic
\M\\ of June, and in aJKiiil liner weeks re.u lied
ilie iie^inninj; of snioolli-w.iter nav'j^alion.
Hearing tli.it tlie Indians had asseinliled in
j^reat nuniliers, and were uneasy alioiil the oli-
jeet of liis exiieditiiin. he resolved In proi eed
with caution, in one body, and in closer colinnn
than hefor^' 'I'lie weather w, is so serene, and
the n.ivij^ation so smooth, thai the\ iiiadt' more
than ten leanues t!ie I'irsi d.iy, .ind weni into
caiii|i at a cove alioiit a lea;;iie and a half from
( Ireiiadii-r Island, where the eel-lishiiii^ begins.
In his journal he says:
•' \Vc Ii.kI llie plcasinc- mi ilie way In calcli a sm.ill
lii<)ii. .1 liiul al)i)iit as lai^e .is .1 |°iir(>|>raii ( )iilar(U'.
Ill Ihu iridsi beatillfiil pliiiiia^'i'. I'lit very (iillji'iill In
lie caii^hl alive, as li dives iniisianily iiiiilei, so dial
il is 110 sni.dl i.irily lo \>v able 10 l.ikr i>iic. \ c.ij;i'
was iiiadi; for II, and orders wiic given lii iiidcivor
lo raise it, in older lo send it lo llic Kinu. Oiillie
Mill lof Inlyl. lilt' we.iilu'i I'oiuiiuiin^ line. .1 good
d.iy s journey was made, having passed all ilial vast
group of islands wiili uhirli the rivei is sp.mglcd.
and camped at a poini .iliove llie 1 iver e.illed liana
iioiliie, up wliiili nianv of ilinii go liuiiling. Il lias a
very consideralilc channel. I'wo more loons were
laiiglit alive, and a kind of di rr, tiul llu- head and
anileis .ue handsonu't ih.in Ihc deei of I'raiiec."
The narraii\e continues with .in .hi mint of
the regal manner with which the Count de
Froiiteiiac entered the lake, and the inter-
views he li.ul with the Indi.ins. In short,
nothing which iioiii|i .md ceremony — the
waving of li.mners, in.irti.il music, and the dis-
charge of cannon <c)uld do, was omitted, to
impress the wondering natives with .111 o\er-
whelming idea of the oiiini])otence of the
I'rench. 'l"he s|ieeches and proceedings of
the occasion are all found fully recorded.
The outline of a fort w.is at once tr.iced out.
and its construction commenced. Ueginning
work liy daylight on the 14th, the ground was
cleared before night. The Indians were as-
tonished to see the large clearance inade in a
day— some sipiaring timber in one pi. ice ;
others fetching pickets; and others cutting
trenches, all ,it the same time, ,iiid with the
:;reatest disp.itcii .ind order.
I',\ri hii II IN I M I )i I , \ I; \ i;i.i . ( ifiS |.)
lie I., I I'Liiie, (iii^eliior ol C.inad.i lioiii
MiSj lo 1I1S5. h.id dlslingiiished hiiiisell in
the West Indies, where he h.id taken Antigua
and Moniser.ii fmni ihe Knglish. In i'iS.|.
he rep.iired to I'nri Irnnlenac, and orderiMl
three \essels u Inch the I' relK h had built upnii
the l.iki- III lie lep.iired, with the ilcsign of
crossing to the country of the Iroipiois, ,iii<l
frightening li.e |ieople into his nun lernis nl
jieace. I lis .irniy (niisisted ot 600 soldiiMs.
(oo Indians, and |oo men for < arrying pro-
\isiiins, lu'sides 500 men left in the fori.
The (;o\ernor tarried si\ weeks at l''ronte-
nac, his eiicimpment being ne.ir a pesiilenli.il
m.irsli, c.iiising so greal sickness ,11 id morl.ilit)
that he found himself unable to ,11 ( oiii]disli
his obji'i 1 b\ fiirie of .irnis, lie ,ici ordingly
resolved to effect uli.it he could b\' ireal)',
ami lia.ving v.iiiiK hoped lo obtain the co-
opeialion cd' (lov. Unngan, he sent agenls to
invite the li\e N.iiions lo .1 coum il. The
( 'io\erniir of New \'ork. .ilthongh in svin[i,illi\'
with the religious inlhiences so actively eni-
|)loyed by tlie P'reiich, did not I'onsent to any
lonciirreme, but secretiv put e\ i^rx (ibstai le
in the way; and in this he so f.ir siicceetled.
til. It the MoJKiwks and Seni-cas remained at
home. The other tribes, who were more un-
der the inlluence of the l''ren< h missionaries,
sent represent. ilives lo meet him. consisting
of t l.ir.ingiil.i and thirty u.irriors. The place
of meeting w.is at the mouth ef Salmon river,
.11 the eastern end of I,, ike ( )ntario, about
lorty miles from ( )noiulag.i castle.
After remaining two days in the l-'rench
I .imp, the ("loxernor proceeiled to address the
Indi.ins. a circle being formed by the French
otiticers on one side, and (iarangula and his
w.irriors on the other.
We have not space to print the speeches
made upon e.ich side bv the "high contrait-
ing parties," but I )e l.i Marre entirely failed
in plac.iling or over.iwing the Indians, who
bee, line insolent, and at last openly defied that
oflicer, who was soon compelled to retreat, and
44
./ surr/wvu "/' I'lii >/' /..iii'/</\c/: av/v-.a*.
lii-- ( oiniii.ind IT. u lied 1' lontcli.'.c ( l\iiiL;^liiii)
,il last nun li (K'iiiiii\ili/cil. 'I'hc r\|n'ililii>n
was s(i iniu li III' a I'ailurc a^ in lie alnidsi sliu;-
inali/cil a> iniriilr.
I'',\ri'in rii>\ Ml I »K N'owiM.K. — (i(iS5.')
In I'l'^s^, tlif Mari|uis I )<■ Notuillc mailf an
c\iH(lilii m inti) tin' ('icnrscr (onntrs, liiil Kit
no rc((iiil III' liii al inti-rcsi coni cinin;^ llir
islands.
'I'lIK .\VI Nl.lNi; iNkiiMi III IIIK IkiiiMiil^
i'ro\ riir. Fni \i n — (i6SS. )
IviiK' in |iil\, Ki.SS, an ail nl luifnly mi
llir |iait III iIk' Fti.'m h liroiiuhl dnwii ii|ii>ii
llu'ir srilUnu'iiN llu- icirililr venue. iin e nl' llu-
1 iiii|iii)is. I'.i^sini; dnwii ihc Si. Liw rem e,
llu'V l.iiiiKil at I,a<diiiu.' on the jmIi of I iilv.
,ind fell iiiinn the nnstis|)e(.-lin;4 inhabitant.
liuriiinL;, ]iliinderinL; .md ina^^ac reinu in all
dircrtiniis. .md aliiio-.i up lo the deren--e^ cil
Montre.il. They linueied \veek> in the i min-
trv. laid waste the si.-itlements l.ir .md wide,
and leliirned uilh the luss of onl\ llireo nwn.
'I'lie P'reiit li ln^l aliniit ,i thousand peisiuis hv
ihi-> iiiniatl, ind minv prisoners were lariied
(iff fur ,1 fate worse than -~tidden death.
Tlu; iMeiiill .It I'orl Fnmteii.li were ohliuetl
lo liiirn llle Iwo \e>>els ihev li.id on llie hike,
and .di.iniliiii llie fort, fii^t setlinu a vlow
III. Itch In the powder in.iu.i/ine. I'hr lire
h.lppelied to ;4ii nut lielore tlu' powder wa^
reaclu.'d. .md the ]il.ice was ^oon plundered
by llie ludi.ms. The ;.;,iriisoii >el out in
seven h.irk i .moes, tr.u ellin^ oiilv l)\ niuhl,
.md hiding; by day, ,ind .ifter much diffn ult\
reached Moiilie.ll witll the lo^^ of oiu; i .llioe
and all on bo.ird,
I >e Noiuille witne--sed ihe ili'\ .Isl.Umn nl
his I nloii) without (l.triiii; to re--i>l the eiieinv
while eii;;,i;4ed m iheir work nf mm, nor on
then leiiirn. lie w.i-. ^ui i ceded the in \l
ye.ir by 1' roiiieiuu .
OM)NI).\i;\ I'',\I'KI>I I Ins OK III! ("ill Nl hi
I' RON I l,.\.\i .
In \i)i)(> ihe ('ountde I'roiiten.ic iii.ide .in
ini uision inlo the ( niinlry of the < )nond,ij;as.
but the only mention that iu' makes ol this
leuion is his oncmipiiu'iit for a nii^lit upon
wh.ii is now known as Carleton isl.ind.
Sfi;sKi,u;i;N !■ OrKK.MioNS oi' tiik Fkknch
ON l,.\Ki On r AUK).
Durin- the next lifiv years, liie Frcncli
were ste.idily e.xlendinL; their trade, and cn-
de.ivorini; lo atl.K h tlu- remote Indian tril)es
to their interests. In 1687, they estaldished
.1 foil ,it Ni.i.nara, and in 1722 the Fji^lish
built ,1 ir.idiiiL; house, and in 1727 a fort at
Osweuo- .\Itlioiu.;h l-'.ni;land and I'raiK e were
during iniH h of this lime at pe.ico, and the
(liuernors of iheir colonies on terms of cor-
respondence, there was |irobably no period
down III till' ioni|iiest of 1760 dm .ng whicj)
e.ich of the two powers was not busy, through
iis auenls. in elide. i\'oring to monopolize the
Indi.m trade, .md in cMending this inlliieni e
wilh ihe n.itive tribes.
l^niAN .N'lSsliiN .Al Os\VKG.\ rCHIK; I, \
I'riskn I' Alios. — ( i7.t9.^
.\ I onsiderable number of Iroquois, i hielly
( )iiiinil.igas. having been induced lo settle on
llie Si. {..iwrence, a mission was established in
17 p), ,it the month of the Ctswegatchie, on the
site of the present ( ily of Ogdensburg. This
mission was named Fa Presentation, and its
foundei w.is I'"rancis Pic.piet, a SuliMci.m.
hiirmg llie first season he built a storeliouse
.md a small fort, but before the end of the
\e.ir his settlement w.is .ittacked by a b.md of
Mohawks, who burned two vessels lo.ided wilh
h.iv, .md the palis.ules of ihe fort. .After this,
some soldiers were sl.itioiied here tor prote< -
lion. The station progressed r.ipidly, and in
1751 .1 saw mill was begun.
The I'.nglish who had built .1 trading house
.md .1 foil ,it ( )swego m.my years before.
n.iliir.illy looked with jealousy upon this estali-
lishmeiil by the French. Word was brought
III them by the Indi.iiis, 1 om erning their posts
latcK erected on the Ohio, and the infornianl
s lid " he lie.ird a bird sing that a great many
Indi.ms from his castle, and others from the
l'i\e Nitions. were gone to Swegage."
In June, 1754, the I elebr.ited Congress of
%
I
s
?^
GENI-.KAl. I)I:Sl.I<II' / /OX.
47
1
M
Representative trr)m the iMiglisli Colonies,
met at All)an\ consider ;i Pkiti of Union
for their common defense, and on this occasion
these encroathniLMits were fully tliscussed.
In the war which followed, La Presentation
became a jioint of oiiifit and rendezvous for
many of the w.tr parlies thai laiii waste llie
frontier settlomenis of the l'",nf;lisli, from which
they usually returned bringing jirisoners and
scaljjs. Many of these exjteditions were led
by Pici|uet himself. Thomas Nfanle, in his
history of the French war, savs:
" As to tlie Ablji- l'ici|iiet, wlio (|istin>;iii-^lifil liiin-
self so miicli by lii>. brutal /cal, as lie iliil not i-xpose
hiiust'lf to any danger, he rcruivfd no injury; ami
he yet lives, justly ilespised '.o sucli a dciiiee iiy every
one who know-; anything; of his past comluci in
America, that sc arce any oIVk er will aduiii him to
liis table. However repugnant it must be to every
idea of honor and luim.uiity, not to give fiiiarler lo
an enemy, when subilued, it must be infiiiilely more
so not to spare women and children. Vet such bad
often been the objects ot the .\bbe Picquet's cruel
.idvice, enforced by llii- most barbarous examples,
especially in the laiglisb sctileiucnts on the back of
Virginia and I'enusylvani.i."
He returned to Ir.ince, where he died July
15, 17X1. He was su( (ceded at I, a Presenta-
tion (Ogdensburg) b\ I ,a (larde, a Siil|iician,
and the mission was continued until broken
uji in 1760. i'he ( )swegalcliies continued to
live on the south shore and on the islands at
the head of the Rajiids until 1S06, when the
l)roprietor of the lands ( aused their removal,
a jKirt Lioing lo St. Regis, and others relum-
ing to Onondaga. Some years since, the (or-
ner-stoiie of a building erected ne.ir the site
of the present light-house, at the entr.ince of
the harbor at Ogdi'Usburg. was found in
taking down the building. It may now be
seen over the door of ,1 building erected for a
State arsenal in that city, and bears liic fol-
lowing inscription:
In nomine -f- Dei Oinnipotenlis
Huic habitationi initi.idedit
I'rans Picipiet. 1749.
These premises remained standing when set-
tlement began under title from the State, in
1796, and until long afterwards. Thev weri'
I'lttt'd up for a store and for dwellings until
better could be built, and the site of the foiin-
tl.itions mav still be traced.
Operations in 17.^5-^': Cai'turf. ov Oswkgo.
The war, which i,aule(l in the coniiuest of
('.m.id.i, is wilhonl incident so f.ir as relates to
the 'I'housand Isl.inds; but man\ events oc-
curred u|ion this frontier, which became the
thoroughfare of large armies, the only com-
munication then known being by the river,
between tin,' settled [i.irts of Canada and the
upper lakes.
In the summer of 1755 the French were en-
gaged in strengthening the post at ITontenac,
ami later in the se.ison at Niagara. The first
detachment in going n|) was met b\ a jMrty of
Indi.ius .imong the Islands on the isi of .\u-
gust. Thev had a number of sc.ilps, ami gave
the hrst intimatiiui rcceixed in ("an.id.i of tiie
defe.itiif I'radddck's .irinv near I'lir! DuQiiesne
a fortnight before. This success of the French
determined m.mv of the Indi.ms to take up
arms against the Fnglish, and many of the
c .innon <\iiiiured on that occ.ision were used
by the l-'rcnch at Ni.ig.ira and elsewhere on
the northern border during the following year.
In I 756, consider, dile bodies of troojis were
sent fnun {'"ranee, and in May, the .Nrarcpiisde
Nb)nti\:lm, Cicn. Hour]. iuiai[ue, two engineers,
and an armycd' i,_;5o regulars, 1.500 ('anadians
and J50 Indi.uis, .im ended the ri\er to |-'ort
Fruntenac , .ind M. de X'illers, with 5C0 men,
established .1 ])osl of observation on ,Si>-town
Point, in the present town of Henderson, Jef-
lerson county, the outlines of which may still
be i)lainly traced. It w,is sipi.tre, built of up-
right timbers, with basiinns at the ciu-ners. and
w.is surrounded by a ditch, ,ind at the time
hidden from \ii'w In surrounding trees and
bushes. This (jt'ticer, u hu was captain of the
marine, w.is brave .ind prudent, and had
greatly annoved the haiglisli by pillaging their
munitions. jikI obliging them to take great pre-
cauti(ms in sending i)rovisions to their troo[)s
at Oswego.
Montcalm left l''ort Frontenai for Point
Peninsula on the 5th of .Vugust, and on the
7th the Irench appeared before Oswego.
There were at this time two forts at this place
i'l
lin
yi
I!
48
,/ snrr/\/A' (>/ ////: sv: /..iiru/:\ty- r/itr.
— Foil ()nlari(i on ilu' iMst sidr, .iinl l''iirl
Puppercll on \.\\v wi'st. Tlu' lalii'i, lluii luuly
erected, was i.-o t\et -iinair, a ramiiart ot
eartli and stone, jo teet thick, and 12 lint
liit^li, l)esides tlie ]i.ira|iel.
'I'lie I'leni li liegin tlu-ir ai)iiroa(lies on the
ijtli, and on the next day the l'.ni;hsh, hav-
inj; sjiiked tlieir ^uns and destmyed iheit pro-
visions and ammunition, withdrew to the old
fort on the eastern l)ank. TliisCol. Mercer
was also oliliged to surrender on thi' 17th.
The I-',ni;lisli foree consisted of -',400 men,
who \ielded upon terms diitated liy Monl-
e,dm, willi .ill tlieir effects, munitions, arms
and military stores.
It is stated by l',ni;lisli luNtorians that, not-
withstanding the pledges of Montcalm, twenty
of the garrison were given up to the Indians,
Ii\' w.iy of atonement for the loss of friencls,
and that all the sick in the ln)S|iital were
sc.ilped. At le.ist one hundied men are said
toh.uf f.illen \ ictim^ to Indian ferm ii v .ificr
the surrender, the remainder being taken
down to Montreal, where tlu.'y were mostly
exchanged. The Irench did not .Utemiit to
hold this [lost .ifter surrender, but most of
the i)ro\isions were sent to Niag.ira .md the
arlillervto I'lcmten.ic ,iiid Montre.il. Ai ccud-
ing to Toui hot, the government got small re-
turns of the bootv, as il was mostly stolen or
converted to private use by the commissaries,
stew.irds anil other agents of tin- servic e, who
lost no op|)ortunitv of enriching themselves .it
the king's expense. Some of the \erv articles
captured were sold back to the governnuni
through contr.u tors. Two sloops were sc't on
fire by the I'renc h and c.ist .ulrift upon the
lake. The greater part of the Iiciu h army
returned a week afterwards to .Montreal, and
appeared later the same season upon Lake
Chaniplain.
Di.srRuc 1 ION Of I OKI I'lMN ri N.\i
(i75''^).
In August, 175.S, Colonel John Hradsireet
arrived at Oswego with an army of 3, .^40 men
and crossed the lake to l'"c)rt I'rontenac, whic h
he captured with ,1 trifling loss. .After de-
stroying the fort ami sec uring what he could
of the immense military stcjres there deposited,
he returned without .ucicK-nl In (Oswego. He
repaired the works on llie east side ot the
river at that place, whic h remained in Hriiish
possession until surrendei'ed to the Inited
.St.itc's under Ire, ity in June, \'')(>.
I'.M'ini iioN of liiKii \Mina-:s I , ( I 760).
The w.ir between the I'rench and iMiglish
in Nciilh Ameiic.i, which begun m 1755, had
led, b\ the end of i75c>, to the rediu lion of
Niag.ua, Tic underoga, (!rown Point ,and
tjiiebec. To complete the compiest, three
expeditions were planned for 1760: one from
'Quebec, another bv w.iy of Lake Chaniplain,
and ,1 third by w.iy of ( )swego and the St.
I.iwrence river. The latter was placed under
Cicner.il Jeffrey Amherst, and the forces as-
sembled at (Iswego were re]iorted on the 5th
of August as c onsisting of the ist and jd bat-
t.ilion c.f Royal I lighlanders, the 44tli. 46th
and 55lh regiments, the 4th b.attalion of the
60th, eight c omii.inies of the 77th, \\\r ol the
Solli, 597 grenadiers, an ecpi.il number of
light inf.mtrv. 146 rangers, three b.ittalions of
the New \'ork regiment, the New Jersey legi-
imuil, four battalions of the Connecticut regi-
iiK'Ul. .md 157 of the Royal Artillery —
.imounting in all to 10,14.' ellective men,
oftic ers inc bided. There were besides 706
Indian warriors under Sir Willi.im Johnson.
The first detachment of tioop- sailed in
Iwii vesseN, tin- Moh.iu k .iiicl the Onondag.i,
on llu' 7th. to t.ike po-l at the entr.im e of
the St. Lawrence. ( )n the i^tl, .ill h.id elil-
b, irked, and lui the e\cning of th.il cl.iy they
encamped .11 the he. id of the St, Lawrence.
Capl.iin I.oring, with llie luo \essels, who had
been the first to leave ( )swego, lost his way
anicuig the islands, and while emleavoring to
extric ate himself, the main army passed him.
Thev, however, .irrived a day c>r two alter at
I'oint ail ll.iril, ne.ir the present village of
.Mailland, where the I'rem h the ye.ir bebue
had built a clock, .md established a fortified
ship-vard. The grenadiers and row-galleys
had, in the meanlime, taken an adv.mc cd posi-
tion at Osweg.itchie, preparatory to an altac k
upon Icirt Lcjvis.
This fori stood upon an island c ailed Ora-
M
''*.
^
\s
(//• \7 Av ;/ /'/ >' Kir rii > v.
49
1 DiuMiiiiii liy ill!' Indi, 111'-, ,111(1 111' l\i)\alr li\
llu; liiiiih, — .iliDiii ihrrc iiiiK's l)i.'liiu llir
liiiMitli III llif ( •>\vfL;al( lilr, ,111(1 lUMf tlu' 1111(1-
(llc of the ( li.iiiiu'l. uliuli II ( iiiiiiilficly ( mil-
Ill iinKcl. Ill ininltjiii liiiK'-, il i^ kiiiiuii ,!■>
(..'Iiiniiic\ i--l,iiiil, Iroiii the niiii^ ol' llic !■ itik li
work-. >lill \i^il)K' u|iiiii it. (In ( ';iiia(l:i. )
'I'lic work^ iipiiii till-- i--laii(l were l)i\miii iin-
(In the (lirrctioii of tlir Cli(,'\ .ilii.' dc Lcvii in
iliL- siimnuT (if i73(;, aiul liiii'-licd in I'ho by
I'liiiiliol. A ni.i|i '^\\c\\ \<\ .Maiiii' >i-.(iu> lli.il
ilic border (.f the i^l.ind \v,is Mt uitli the
trunks of trees iiavinfj; tlieir lop^ -till on.
,111(1 Tirinlv set in the j^roiind, so as to |ire^eiit
an liiiiienetralile ali.itis ot liriisli on everv
side but tlie landiiii^ .it the lower end. Wiiliiii
this was :\ iireastwork of e.irth, and luliiiid this
.1 dee]! (lit( h tilled with w.iter. through the
middle of wlii( Il there r,in a sto( k.ide of stroiu;,
sli.ir|iene(l |ii( kets, ( loseU' set and slo|iiii^
outwards. 1 iiside ol the (lit( li >tood the i''ort
proper, eonsistiiit,' ui ,i timber par.ii)et tilled
will) earth, u ith .i line of strong, sliar|ieiied
pickets slopim; out o\cr the dit( h, and pln-
loriiis lor e.innon, ,ind in the i enter of the
uork^ the ni,ii,'.i/ines and cpiarters. 'I'he lower
IMiinl of the island w.is not iiK hided within
the ditch and |i,ir.ipet, but had defensive works
sulti( ietlt to prevent the landing of bo.its.
.\ small I hiireh stood near the head of Callop
isl.iiid, .1 short distaiK e below the fort, .it tiie
time when this jiO'-t was taken. The I'',ni;lish,
finding a sc.ilp displayed in the building,
burned it to the ground The outline of the
found, itions of this cliiircli can still be traced.
The events attending the reduction of this
tort— the last that olfered any resistance in
Cmada. ni.iy be le.iriied from two ac( oiinis:
'Uie by Maiite, ,in rai-li-h liiM(ui,in of .ip-
proved ( redii, and the oti-.er bv I'om hot, the
French otficer who defended the fort, and
atlerwards wrote a history of the war, that
was published after his death.
I'he lo^s Ml' ill,' l;ilj;lis|| u;|s IvvetlM' .MIC killed ,111.1
tiinciijcii W(juii.|eU. •Ihe iiisi shot tr.ini the EnR-
lisli li.iil.iy killc.j llie I'lcii. Il <illi. I I .>f .nii!l. ly.
I'.lfveii III. Ill wcie kille.l .illtnv.u.K. .iihI .iIi.uiI |..iiv
w.iiiM.li'il. The :.;.im'-i)M, c\. i|il ihe piluls, i.ii ihu
^.ikc.if wli.Mii cliiillv ihe |il.i. (■ h.iil lit'cii all.i.ki.l,
w.ic sriil III .\.\v N'.iik; ami llie :^riu.'r.il 11.11111.I ihe
t.iil I', 'i; I Wil I I \M Ai ..I -M
()-\\ I I. \ I ciiir. i\ 111 I- I iir J'.Ni.i i-ii.
Tin i^nglish ( oiitiniied to o( ( iipy ( >--\ve-
g.itcliie ,is ,1 tr.iding p.ist until 1 7(;'i, ,ind dur-
ing the Revolution it w.is ,1 poiiu of some
import.ilK e .IS a pl.ic.c for the stor.ige of sup-
plies, and the transfer of freight I'rom bo its to
vessels. .Mlhoiigh the St. l.awreiK e ri\er had
been (k:( l.ired the bound, iry by the Tre.ity of
ly.S^, the IJritish held possession of the whole
line of |iosts on the northern frontier to
se( lire, .Is they claimed, the rights of cert.iin
Dritish subjects. In the absence of authority
to |ire\eiit it, the owners of l.ind under pur-
chase from the .State sniTered great d.iiiKiges
fiom timber thieves, who ojierated e\tensi\ely
,iiid without the le.ist restr.iint. .\ mill on the
( )swegatchie owiii.'d by one \'erno I'raiK is
l.orimer, a half-pay < .iptaiii, did ,111 extensive
business in this line, but the renioiistr.iiK cs of
proprietors obtained no relief. 'I'he usii.il
plea when these comiilaints were brought to
the .itteiition of oftici,ils was that the\ h,id no
jurisdii tion in the matter, ,in(l tli.it relief
should be sought in some higher authority.
.According to the terms of "Jay's Treatv,"
all the iio-,ts within the liiited St.ites were to
be gi\en up on or before June i, 1796. .Mr.
N'.ith.in l'(U(l, agent of S,imiiel Ogden the
proprietor, took posstssioii, ,iiid at once bi'g.in
improvements with an energy that could not
l.iil of suci ess. During his absence the lirst
winter the Cin.idians ( anu' over, held a town
meeting, elected ( ivil and military otVn ers
and opened a kind ot'tice for selling and set-
tling his kiiuls; but he made short work wilh
these sijiialters and their title. ,iii(l the sellle-
nienl grew rajiidly until its prosperit)- w.is
( liei ked for a time b\ the enib,irgo of i,Si2
and the war.
tin
FORT CARLTON
CARLTON ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.
i^jUR mnrc than oiL^luy \ i-.us the UMvillcr
I (III tlic ri\i-r Si. j.aurciux- liy way ut the
Aiiiuriian ( iumiu'l, ('Hilil ■-( aii cl\' have lailt-d
to noiii a i^ioiip ot >i(iiic < hmiiiL'Xs ^taiuliiiL;
on the lihilV at the hea^l ot I'arlton I^Kind.
Iniiuiry or examination (li>c lo^ed the larl tlial
tliese ohl I hininey -^lac i<s >tooil within an ehilio-
rateh' t'ottiliid ein hniire ol' wiiu h tlie out-
line-, are not onl)' di^tini t, hut in a dej^iee
quite perfei t, -lo that tiie plan I- readih deter-
mined, the sy>tem id iitilied. it> .irmainent
approximately adjud:;ed, its ma:;a/ines and
barracks located, and, in short, its whole scope,
oliject and intent made reasonably |ilaiii.
It will be remembered th.it the head ol
I'arlton Island consist^ ol a < oinparali\eK low
penin^ula, connei ted li\- a ne( k of land uith
the main island. On eai h side of thi> ne( k or
islhnuis is a bi\, one arm of whi( li iN (ailed
South bavand the otlar Norili bav. I'.ack of
the t\\o ba\s the inland rises abrnplK in a ^tei']!
blmi' to a hei;^ht of ab.iut sixlv feet abo\e the
water, and upon thi-> bluff the fort w.is < on-
slnicted.
The work oi ctipied three. ei-hths of an
01 lagon, exteiidint^ from edge to ed,L;e of the
(lilt on whii h It was built, \\hi( h lates to the
southwe-t. The re.ii, or landward side, w.is
protected b\- a ^trmiL; earth-work, a ditt h, an
out-work and -lacis of stone ,ind a strong
.ib.itis. The dit( h was cut in the limestone
ro( k. In the (enter ot eac h lac e of the i, im-
part.^, .ind midwa\ between the salients, w.is
,1 strong bastion, ( on-^tiui ted for lour ,i;tins,
two ol which in e.u h b.i^iion i (juld enlihule < or-
respondinj; .iiii^les of tiic dilc h. whi< h was < tit
to .1 dejith of ne.irly five feel, with .in averai^c
width of twentv-foiir feet. The s< ,irp w.is
\erti( al .111(1 j)rote( ted b\ a ( 1k\ e.iiix-de-frisc
of ced. ir loj^s. sli.irpened at the outer ends,
and exteiidiu:; bevond the berme ; these were
held in pi. He by the eailh of the p.ii.ij.el.
The ( lUinter^c ,irp w.is .iNo verticil, .iiul be.
\ond it extended a (ouvert w.iy ol about the
s.ime a\er,iL;e width as the diti h. There were
also bomb-proof ma^.i/ines .ind b.irrac ks
erei ted, and a well sunk to .i level of oi below
the w.iter in \iulh ba\-. ( )n the lotli of
June, f-jn^, there still remained in the fort
ten eiuhteen-pounders, (he tw clve-iioundcrs,
two nine-pounders and two six-pounders. In
I7.S,5, ten ye.irs previous, six eii;lituens .iiul
1
i
\
(■//.■//■'\ /^/, ;-\/' /A ////. i<i.\"/i' n,'.\.
ti\r IWrUr^ li.itl lnTli l.ikrn lloin llif ann.i-
nil-Ill 111 ihr lull .iihI pi. 11 111 iii'iMi \i.'^^ci>; mi
♦.li.il ilic 1 (iiii|iii-ic aiiii.iiiii.nt imi^i Ikuc Ihcii
^iMiiU tiy,liiccii^, li'ii tuilvr-, t\M> ii:iif!> and
two >i\r-^; 111 all, thirly .l;iiii^,
As raiK .1-^ 1771. laillnii 1-1, nd, tlini
kiiiivvii a- link, 111 I 'i I T l-land, Ik'i amc a
iradiiii; pii-l nl in n li iin|iiii lanrr tur (JiicIilt
iiu-ii lian;- \\ liii ^M'l'i' diMlmi; u illi tlic Ini'.ian
liilics. Ill I 7 75 '> '111' l!i iii--li ,l;ii\ iinnu-nt li 111
liicitcd n inililaiv and na\al -n|i|>K di'iiarl-
III; 111 nil tin' i-laiid, lull 11 w.is nut until
An-ii-i. 177.S, that any aticin|it at lntiilying it
\va- mido. The riMsnns fur mi dnint; may W
Vt-iV l'|-irll\ -laird. .\t the InrakiiiL; mit iiT
t!u' U'.ir III' llir Kovolntioii, the IliillNh held
Ni.1l; ii.i, ( »-\\ i-'Hii, I'liit !■ iimtcnai; (iniw Kin:;--
tiin), and iiiiili-.iiutL'(i sua\ nf the lakes and ul
the liM-r Si. {..lureine, .Sir Ciuy ('.nituil
w.i- goveriiiir nl the ( '.inad.ls, .mil 1 iiinni.iiHler-
111-rliief (it hi- .M.iiesty'- luK es therein. A
(■.iiii|i,iiL;n .i^^.iinst the ( nloiiie- w.is |il,inned
e.iiK in llu' war, and il- iiianat;einenl eiitnisled
I.I (len. |iilin riiir-m ne, in-te,id ul Sir (\\\\
(.', niton. 'I'he pi. 111 «.i- well l.iid. liiir-
;,;i)yi)L' w.is 111 niii\e mi .\lli.iny In u ly nl
!,,ike Chainpl.iin; Cnl. Il.irry St. 1 1-1 1 u ,1-
tn pKii eed up the St. I .lu lenre In ()-\\ei;ii
and thence tu liirt .Stanwi.x (kmiu), .ind, re-
dtii inji that, reaeh .\lliany In ".n ul the
.\l«ih,iuk, .ind I'lnin ,1 inm lion with llnijjoyne;
while Sir Henry Clinton w.is to move n|i the
Hudson River to the -aiiu' point. iJiil Ihir-
j^oyne W.IS defeated .it S.ir.Uo^.i, St. l.e.uer
w.i- forced to r.iise the -ieL;e of lorl Stanwix,
.md Clinion f.iiled to re.n h .\lli.my— so the
welld.iid pi. in w.i- dcfe.iled. Thinkini; him-
self ,ij;,L;rie\ed hv the .ippointinent ot I'.ir-
j;o\ ne, Sir ('■ n v C.irlton re-i.i;neil his po-ilion
.md returned to j-'.n-l.ind; .md Sir liedeiak
H.ildiin.md wis appointed to hi- pi. ice.
In lulv. I77,S, ('.en. H.ildimand i--ued .111
order lo laeiii. Willi, im Twi— of the j-'ai-i-
iieers. l.ieiil. Srhink of the Navy, .md Cipl.
.Xillirey of the .|7lh Reuiment, to proceed lo
the ii|iper Si. l.nvreiice .md llii're -elei t sin h
a place as in their indunieiil w.is liesi Miiied to
e-talilish a shi|i-\ard ,ind .ill its iiece-s.ii\' re-
ipiiieineiits. .\fter .1 i .ireful ex.unin.ilion ol
M-ver.il point- they jiili lii-d on l)eei 1-1. md.
'!apl. Si ii.mk li.id .1 lone o! .lUUiier-, .md
{■,i|);. .\iiliu\ his own coiiip.mv .md .1 detai h-
ini'iit of Sir John Jolm-on's " Royal tiieins,"
l.lelll. I'wis- dicw the pi. in- lol the loll, .ilid
n. lined it I'liii ll.ddiin.iiul, in honor ol the
11, \v ( oiiini.iiiiler, and the tlirei' ottu iT-
cli.m^id the n.ime of the i-l.md lioin " I leer "
to " ( '.irlliiii," m honor ol their toiiner com-
ni.inder. Sir ( 'luy Cirlton. '1 he lort was ne\er
liilU ( oiiipleled, work liiiiiL; ili-conliniied hy
order of ( len. I l.ildiin.md in 1 7.^,^.
During the W.ir ol the Re\olution, Carlton
Isl.ind w.i- the iiio-t iiniiortant jiosi above
Monlie.il. M.iny ve-sels ol w.ir .md ;.;nnl)o.its
were built in the North li.iy, .md the iiUue
was the me. It depot of niilil.irv .md iias.il sup-
plies for the Nmihue-I. ll w.i- the place of
refuse lor the Tories of New N'oik, I'ennsyl-
v.mi.i and Newjersev. Th.u end.ma^ea, the
ere. It ciiief of the Si\ N ilion-, 111, ide lliis his
lu-.idipKirlers. l,arj;e nuinbers of those tribe-
em amiied on ('.irlton and Wolfe isl.md-.
'The bloody ma— .icres of the Ced.irs, \\\i.-
inin-. Cherrv \'.ille\, and Slmiy .\r.ilii.i, weii'
]il. limed here, .md e\ei tiled by lorces which
went lliilil here.
W h.il .1 coiitr.ist between the Carlton Is-
l.md iif 117 ve.iis .leo, and now. Then all
w.i- bii-iU'. \e--els of war were buikiinj;, .1
furl in coiislrui lion; the drums be.it the
reveille, .md the 10. ir of the evening ^\m
sLirtli'il t!>e echoes .nnid the dense toresls on
i-l.m-l .md mainl.md. The note- ol the buelo
r.iiii; shrill and ( lear acro-s the cry-t.il w, iters
of the St. l.iwrence, while the w.ir-whuopof
the p.iinlid Iio.pioi- boded de.itli and di-aster
lo the frontier -etller. lo-d.iy. .ill is ipiiel.
Where the artiricers of the Re\olulion built
their vessels of w.ii'. the .iriificers of to-day
.ire 1 oni|iletini^ the finest cottage on thi' St.
L.iwrence ri\'er. The l.inil e.irned by his ser-
\ i( e in the ('onlinent.il .iriiiv, .md er.mied to
a soldier of the Revolution, now belone-
to a e. ill. ml soldier of a l.iler Revolution,
which c-i.ibli-lied as .1 permaiuiu f.ici thai
wiiicli the fir-l Revolution only inaiieurated
as an exiieiinunt "The rnioii, one and
iiisc[).irable."
f
54
w s,i/ r/.\7A' ()/■■ riii: si. / m h'/.\, /. a
7/ 7. A'.
HON. THOMAS G. ALVORD'S FISHING EXPERIENCES
II'' IN I III i;l\ I k, I \Ki \ i\ I III I i.i< I II
\'^lli;\ I fiiM h-.m1vi(1 111 lu-.Mi'ed with
*^ llu' |.lr|..n,Ul()ll lit llii> >.Hivrlii|-. inv
liiiiiil loiirt-ivrd the IiIlm n\ .i>kin- -^iww niir
"I th<' rarlv Ircinu'iiici-. ..| the (lir.it Kim r i.i
^\IIU- ll|i hi> lIlK CSlKTIL-lll e>. I kiuu ih.ii
^il.is Wri-hl, ,111(1 ru-stnii Kin-, .iiul .M,,il;n
Van liatrii ami his sun I'liiur |.,iui, an>l |)i.
I'.cthiin.', ami Dr. Hull in,|, ,i, w, 11 .i, iho hmi-
ilrccU (ii later iiirn ol' f.|ii,il al.ilit\, im 1ml-
in.^ (liaiil iiui .Sliriiii.in and .Shcrid.m. h.id
all jp.is^rd .i\\.i\ — then nainr> ik.w (uih .i
nu'imiiy -- llu-ii |iie-.cii(a' iu-\rr inuii- tn In-
ie(i>i;ni/ial Ny tin- ,L;ir.it n.ili.m tli.it iiL'lii;lited
t<' lii>iiiu- till 111 wlun lixiiiL;. ('.i^tin^ alxint
tiif sdinr a-fd nlic, yet s|i,llC(l, We tlKiil-ht nl
I.ieiil. (iu\. 'riidtii.is (;. .\lv(ii(!. Ill' .s\ r.Hii^c,
am! hr h.is ;;ra( iniish i iim|ilird with mii- ir-
||iic-~I. Wilhiiiit liinher ml ludm limi wi- -ur
lll^ adinirilile liMrt; pi I'l n llll- il. l|.iur\rl,
liy s.i\in- ih.il hr u.i^ liir in.inv vr.n. the
"" llCf 'il^'l '<< < IIIMIII lit' wh.U l> IsllllWli .1,,
" ( imcniin'-, Nl.iml," nnw the innprtiv ni
Ml. I'Jm i\. It i- thr lii^! i^l.inil almvr the
(Hie ii|Min uhi( h Mi. C. (;. |'.im-iy limit ,i
licaiitil'nl villa, whli li hr has I iirix riil.ii-nl
and u'lcalK impnA rd. .Mr. .Mw.rd^ ImiL;
( (iniir( li.iii with ihr iiiiliiii d lii->t()r\ (it llir
St.ite h Is m.ide hi^ name iiiu^t I'.iinili ir in mii
]ie(i|ilc iimh r the i n^mitiirii ul " ( )|il .S.ilt," ,i
n.ime raiiiril in the I ,ei;islatiiri' In hi^ persist-
ent .idhrrrm r In ihr lnrtlines (if .Svi'.KUsr
where the wrll-knuwii ( )ii()iul,ig,i Silt S|irii)->
hive iieen ^u Imn; a soiine of iirullt Id the
St, lie. .IS well as the soiua c iif \cr\ mm h iil'
the e,iiii(a- wr.iltli and iiiiiinrLince i.l th.it i ii\.
Sn |,:.\i I ~i , icluit.iry j,, i,S()5.
J\". A H,\|i|iiM K, l',-i,i.:
Mv hi \K SiK. I am in recei|it of vfiiir
pliMsint letter (if rr. |iies| lli,it I dot duun
something (<\ .1 liistiir\ of mv earh e\ptai-
en( es as an ani,itiair lislieriiian on the glorious
aiul lordly St. [..iwrenct.'. To this re(iiiest 1
clieeiliilly ac( edr. ,ind le:n f to vnii the deii-
^i"ii I'l'l lin il lad-iiiriii uhether or imi it
■"''■I'l I'lii'l "Is w.iv mill Mill! ( oniempl.iird
'ii^l"iv of the Si. I. iwreiK e .ind it^ j.ooo
1^1, ukU.
I hr-i lie-. Ill tin pi>r itiiri.il ( arr( r m the
»,iieis,,i the llmUoii n\cr, nine miles ,ilio\c'
,\lli in\, wiieii 1 w.is \ (Mill;; enough to he withoiii
di^( reiion, lull old ( iiiiii-h to liook .1 simli^h,
and ( iiii-.e(pieiitly ( ,ime ne.ir. mi mie ■.« ( .ision,
li 111- drowned li> l',illin,i; f n mi the drnk into
lii>-' ll\iT Mv hive for ihe -purl f.illowed iiie
iiiio iin i.ille-.' life, .ind .i> ofitai a> pn-MJiK- |
lApliirrd the w.iti rs (if i..in|4 M.iiid S id lor
Its 111 11 k-lidl. por-irs, r|( . I ( .irrird the
t.lMr with inr 111 Ihr llrrkOiirr Hills, .iml in .1
'■"ioiini of luii MMv- lAplorrd .ill ihe trout
'-li-'iin-' ind pii kca-rl an | Im,- p,.iid, within
rr.K h of .1 i|.i\ 's iniirnrv from rnt-ii, Id, .M.issa-
' 'iiisrils. I divided my lime for tun years
hnween lll.n k-toiie .md mv troiit-iod. on the
ed-e .md o\cr the line iietucn uilderness
and -rmi-( i\ ili/ itioii .It Kre>e\ille in Clinton
I'Miniy. ami. when .i full ilrdr,.,] ],iu\er in
^il' I'oinl, I had .i ri-ht to sii, k out mv -iun
•1^ "Ally. .It l.iu." ther.' w.i> ipiite often
•"I'lrd at Ihr lioiiom .1 I, mpiir.irv po-lsi ript.
'' 1'. S. ( lour I'l-hin-."
l-'i'Mii Imir 1(1 limr I would he.ir a.liout the
lie.intirs 111 the St. {..iwreme .ind its iiiinv
island- in ( (iniam I ion uith il- nneipi ailed e\-
cellem e ,as ,1 hunlini; uroiind for dm k-. .md
its ;.;re.il .ilimid.ima- of the r.imie-t lisli to l,e
foiim! in fre-h u alrrs. | li.id a long-time ,i( -
'pi.iint.iiK (• with ,1 Mr. Duiton, a noted iniisie
deilrr of I'liiM. who ,is eaily as in the later
tollies, w.i- in the h.ihit of sjiendin.n a iiortion
nt the year with hi- son- li-liin- on the river;
-o IliLilly, in i,S:;_'. I proposed to a liioili(a-
m-law visiiina nir from Indian, i. an e\( iirsion
to .\lr\ imiri.i I'l.iy \i.i ( )-wri;o. .\( aa irdiimly.
one Sepluinher niorninLi we landed tin re from
the (jjd "C.it.irai t," whose liones have Iml
1
Anlli"! I.I Iwi. liUfU'srifii.' Am. Irs m ilii-< S.mvfnit
l/>>\ ///I'U.I-' (,' .l/li>U/r^ //S///\i: / \77 A7/ WA.v
3/
,
\.\\ l.itrK (li->,i|iln in il tmiii lllr sv.ilcis iil the
luufl' 1j,1\ ,lt ('l;l\lni;. ulnTC ^lle ll.lcl i.-niiiVi'il
I i\'->t lor in.iiiy yc.ii^ ,ilUf ■'lu- c ci^id to Ijc
,1 ll'i.iliiiL; ii.i^si.iiL'i.T lr,in>p'ni. Ai ih.it liiiir
AlcN.milri.i lla\' w.i-' llu- Mi(ci nl I'l-^liiM nicii.
.mil t!Li\ lull ,ihc iuMc|iin,iiicr> 111 ^'I'laix--! im-
licr ( iittinu. .111.1 nil Ijualman fur li^lici-rdlk
li.iih'd t'ldin iIu'H' imlil some )\-.u^ tluii .iiur.
( )lil mm l'rii-.^iiMn kipi ilic (Hilv ( ai.u'.in^ai ic
,it Alcxinilria liav, and hi-- thru small cslali-
lisliiiuail nil llio ii!(ks was liardh ivn IumiuI
unalilL' tip ai 1 (i'liiiiiidatc all cmiiuis, IIu-
cnoniimis i ha'.'nc ul' ¥i.oo |ii'|- d,i\ aUo m-
cl'idi'il siitlicienl Iuik li liir llir nnnii-dav iiiial
of liiilli >|ii)i i-aiian and uuiilr. lakni " al Ircsco,"
1)11 Mime o|iiii>riiinr i-.land; lli<- Imid luriii-.licd
uMs Wfll inTpari-d. and llu- mnrr dolii ale a( -
rrs'-ions, iiiiu ( iin--idcri'd aliiiust iin i'>--ilii"-,
wa-rc |irii\ iilnl under llic laialiil wali li nl tin-
lii)-.less. Il u Is ahvavs iical. aliiiiidanl and
jialatalilc.
I'lic boats of llial ila\- witc Imt tlir i iikIl-
|ilototViK's of t lie [ircsLMlt e.\l|ll|slU- olUs, wllilil
lia\e no sii|iL'riors on tiif j;lol)e in toiin. llnisli
or |Ha lei 1 ail.i|ilaliilit\ . u iili iluai u ell-mali lied
oars, (enter hoards, ( usiiioned ( hairs, and
other reiniisites, superior in all respe< Is for
the Uses lo wliii li ihev are pul. 'I'heii. under
the I'oniinand of ConimiMlore Ned i'allerson,
still liviiij^ and still a j^iiide (m lo;^enarian sure,
if not cenleii.irian ). I eiiiharked on nu I'lisi
lisliiii^ es( nrs'.iii in a Imai iiiaile of pine (noi
piano linished), sharp al (.Mill end, iml more
ill in I ( feel Ioiil;, lou -sided, with naked
uiMiileii lioards, u iiliont Ikk k-iesis fill" seals.
Loaded down aliiiosi in\ariaM\ mi the reiiirn
I loiii a da\ "s lisliin;^ wiili their human i ari;o
and i'al( h of lish, ihe L:un\\ales would lie |ieril-
oiislv near the level of the water of ihe ri\ei.
'The rememlieied oaisinen or miides o| thai
d i\ were old man (iiiflin, Ned I'allerson,
Alph and 'i'oai I'oiilstoc k, the lasi named
liein^ m\ faxoriie, and after nu first \isii iu-
vaiialilv nu ^iiide unlil some time aflei Ale\-
.mdri a Ha\' uas aliandoned fur Ckuion .is ihe
nearer pnini for the mere desiralilo lishin..;
grounds. Not knowing; the mit lit best .idapled
1 '.he river in lli.' iiMtlei of l"isliin;;-laikle, and
lieinij adv ised ihat the Imalman furnisheLl all
llial u as lu'i ess ir\ in ih at 1 1 i^ 1 1 . 1, we look none
w i: h Us, lull usi'd ihe nalivc tools. These u ere
I rude in V er\ (I 1, the pohs were hoiiie-inade;
I lie lull's uiue ' lU^ii .mil the spoi ui lor I rollini;
was lilerilU' the liinvl ot .\\\ linn or ]ieWlel
spoon with a sinj^U- lu^ioaise hook, lira/ed
on ihe hn\ei end, .ind allaclled In tin.- line
w ihoul sui\el, ,md did not lolale lull simpK
woMili'd in the w.iler: li\e liail lol b.lss was
not ihi-n llioUL;hl of, luil ,i supply of worms
aiioiiipanied eai li lioal. Ihe jliiltons were
lliere uilli iheir iiioie .(rlistii .ippli.inces, con-
sisiiiii; lit spooiis with suiwls. and ot v.irioiis
lolors, .ind lairU siuoolii laid-lines ,ind iointed
liiniliii rods; liiit uiili all liuir laiK v ri;j,s they
\ erv seldom sui c (,-o(liil in lieatini; oui' < .iti h
uilii the llolnelie'l tools. Rr\. I M. llelluille
wis there; he was the donor ol the Stone
('hunh in llie \illaL;e, in wliieli, mm h to the
4r.1l ilii .uioii 111 the n.itises ,ind xisitois, he
.iUv,i\s otliiiited on Suinl,i\ s when in town,
lie u.is ,1 |i,i>-, ri,heiin.m and Used a ll\ as a
line, .\lteu- le.ivm;,; I'tii.i for New N'ork he
slill o( 1 .ision.ilU wMs 111 lie ni'l in llu se.ison
,11 his l.uorile resort luriii;; till- li.iss with tlie
dehisi\e llv diiriiiu tlu' week, and lemptiiij;
men .ind uomeii on Snnd.iys, li\ ids powerful
|iulpil elo.pieiKf. to a lieller .md |iiirer life,
riiere ,md llieii I liist met Selli (lieen, and
then lomnuaK ed a w.iini trieiidship wliieli
ended onU with his de.illi. I le ne\er f.iiled
lol' \eirs to suppls nie, " unsolic iti'd (111 my
p.m." Willi ,in aliimd.itii e ol his own-mak.' of
llies, lioth sini;le and in .lA.iu;.;. .and « henever we
iiiel li.'alw.i\s ),M\e me a le. lined li'elnre(m
the proiiii'ss in pis( .itiu'i.d s(i,.||i c and ,irl.
lie' w.is ,u ill, It lime and fm manv \ e.Us the- ■• -
.ifler the oiil\ t'isl,.'r dueller on aiiv of the
lie.iiiliful iskinds of the Si. I..iwrenie .'\r( lii-
pel.iL;o. in.ikini; llu' now renowned Maiih.itt.m
Isl.md his h.ime where his house . lav slill lie
seen, llioii-h remodeled | see f rolltispieee]. 1 lis
ini'inm s will lie " (Ireeii "in the re('olle( liim of
in.m\ lo \\ lioui his i'\,i 11; pie ,111(1 le,i(liin;4s ;ia\ e
imp.iiled .1 lo\e for .1 s|ioi'l .md pasiinie ( om-
pelliiiL; llu'in III ('ommiine wi'.li n.iliire where
dressed ill her most eniiciiiL; ^.irh .ind to drink
in ihe pure .lir of he.u'en. lie.iriii:.; lo llieiii .1
he.ilihful (lire — resloriiiL^ body and soul to .1
5«
A s,>cr/,x//: (>/■ /■///■ s/- /_/
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pcrfcr, luMhh an.l vi,,„, ,,,,,1 .-..lin, .„„■ 1„,. k . ,v,,.n, nn.nl.r „t v.:u. :ul,lc.l ,o mv r„ll
.|nd ,.M,,,v,l i,,„l,lv .uvn^h 1„„ unl, a nnn.l An .una. „„ ,1,. ,.ooo i.lan,N of .he S,.
1 ii'. r . iial .. ,lu- surr„„n,l,n., ,„ ,nv f„M '• n,,- I!,,,.,,, ,n, ,„ , ;„„K./' was -uvn i;,.,|
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'III 111 and 1 arclcs-,
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tn llir (I I'll iii.lrlilaliun al lli,' h,- ,,1 ,,f | ,,
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rtondroiis, iink'si iilia
I
I in liiv' uaiiT.
■'iv :t.-) Mililiinilv nt (livciMlrd l^lal„l and . II- ,,|..l,i,,. 1 , • , , " ' i< ■- "i
,i,,.|i,,,, „■„,•.• ' M-iM'Kii nijii au>d.-|Mnin-ainiind III,-,,,. |,,,i||||„.
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urn 1 '":'•'■'; ■"\'''^""';'"''"; .""' ■- ■•■• -nmn.day. Tli,. ,,.,1, ,1,.. ,. 7 „,.. ,.,„„.
7 7 7^ '";''"''''"'''' '''''^'■^^; ''■'■■ •'•■•• "-,,.„kwn..n .dav n.,.al ,li,.7,.d.
7 ' ' '■•'""' '■• '"■ ■"■"■ ""^'" '"^^-^ "'•^'■'- -'^i"^- ^"^^ ---„„; „.
7 ; ' rrT'''- „ .l-ill,li..v. an ,„,... „„andMn,a.s.
,„77': ' 7 ^-'^ "'■' ^'"V^'"^ '•'1^'"-' '-IH' I''- — n „r ,lu. ,,000 .land.,s,.a.lv,l.,-
1 inni), ,'nt ,n|,i\ nu'iii ,,1' .iilicrs.
tar liftii'i-, I toiik in annu.ilU 1 Inad of IumIiI
"';''.7!'7'r''"7''"'V'"'"' '""'• -ninNn. ,;, AIAUKI,
M.nn liic lol.ng, of yoiiil, „i ..jmc ol ih. ,„- .Syr.,. „„■, K-i.rua.y. ,,>;,^5.
iiii. I i<i..\iii ('n:\/.A'> (V ////: ///ij/ >.i.\/> />/..i\/is.
r.i
THE FRENCH OWNERS OF THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.
IT tn.iy iiilrrcsl llu' ickIct to kimu wlm, iraI
ti) tlir AliniiniiK's. were tlu' fiisl (i\mi(.'I>
(il uli.il ulirrc- known to the I'lencli a> " I.es
Mil'.es l^le■^." .111(1 to tluir l!|■iti^ll ( niii|ikior>,
.md to u>, .IS " 'I'lie 'I'lioiis.ind Islands." in
the .di^ti.ii ts lit' "the iuMlty Rolls " (Ai te^ de
lov el IIoinni,i;.;e), to be tound in \'ol. I \' ot
the (l.ui.idi.in Ai"< hixcs ,it ( Itt.uv.i, !■> a rei oiil
111 the oii;.;in.il title to ihe^e i--l,iiids. uhiili
then ((instituted .1 ^inj^le ^r.inl or "fiet."
Tlie (.■ntire liody <<( isl.mds was Inst L;i-.nited to
Sieuis I'lol de i ..ingloisierie .iiid I'etit, in
1714; .111(1, with some eiil.irj;eineiits, w.is le-
titanted to the s.niie p.irties in 1752- At'tei-
the death of the origin, d L^r.mtees, one hall' ol
the original fu'f, that is to -ly, one-half of the
entire IhmK of isl.ni(U, w.ts L;r,iiit(-'(i to l.ouis
Hertel and .Sienr I,.nn.in|iie; hoili ol whom
took the oath of fealty, the former .is the
widower of M.irie Ilijipolyle ( 'eleron, and
hush.iiiil III ."^iis.nine I'iot ih; I ..ingloisierie:
and the laller, .is the hiisli.ind of Marie Anne
Tlu'res I ("eloron de r>l.iinville. who was the
d.iiiglUer, .IS w.is M.irie Hi|)|iol\te Celeron, of
Sienr ("elinm de lil.iiiuille. M'd'lle I'mt de
I.angloisiere, d iiightei' iif the first owner.
'I'lie other half of the llcf, with its (.'iiLirge-
ment, w. IS granted to ImisI.k he l.ouis [..iinbert
l)iimont. who had a(i|iiired tin- right of his
hrolheis ,;nd sisters, all lieing ( liildren of
l''.iist.ielie l.imliert htimonl ,1 id his wifi'
Ch.irlotle, also a d. Higher of the lirsl owner.
Later on. oiie-foiirth of the I'lef w.is trans-
ferred to Catherine Cl.uis, widow of Willi. ini
Clans. lolin lohnson CI. 111s and \\.iiri.n
Clans, sons of Willi, mi ('laiis; and ('.illurine
Anne CI ins and ,1 widow (le.ile. a ni.irrieil
d.iilgliler of Willi. un (l.iiis, 'ind iKn her cliil-
drni liv marri.ige, took the oath in relation
III Willi. nil Cl.uis' |iirt of the luf, whii h he
h.id piinhised from one j.uob lord.; d
he from Simon I'r.iser, who iinrih.ised Irom
l.oiiis llertel de ('h,iiiilil\-, who took llir o.itli
for h.ilf the I'lef in 17.S1. Another fonrili 01
the ("lef was held .it this time iiy Jouvier Doii-
1 111 L.icroiv, .is heir to his lather, Ilnliert
l..ur()i\; .mil liv tlu.' |)iii( liase of the lights ..i
his brothers ,111(1 sisters. Hubert l.,i(roi\ hid
recei\'ed this part of the fief ,is ,1 gift from
.M.irie .\iine I lieresa ('eleron, the widow of
Sienr 1 .ain.ir(|iie.
The William Cl.iiis .ibovc nienlioneil w.is
the son iif (,'ol. h.iniel Cl.ius. who w.is a
|iiomiiient ofll( er in the War of the l\e\ oliition.
Hew, Is the de|iiit\' siijierintendent of Indi.in
.ill'iirs, and ,U one time was dejiiitN' iiiiarter-
in.islei-general iiiuler ('ol. Il.irry St. I.eger.
on the ex|ie(lition to I'Urt St.inwix. Col,
CI. ins spent a great p')rlion of liis lime during
the w.irat .Montre.il, but wasa freipient visitor
■It Carlton Island, and other posts on hike
()ntari(). He w.is born in the Moli.iwk \allev,
and having an intimate knowledge ui tiie Iro-
quois language, he was appoinleij inlerpret(.r
for Sir Willi, 1111 Johnson, and accompanied
him on the e.xpedition ag.iinst Oieskaii, .is a
lieiiten.int of r.tngers. He m.irried a d.iugliler
of Sir William Johnson. He became ,1 ( .ijita''!
in i;5i. and in 1776 visited England, anil re-
turiR'd as deputy siiiierintendent of Indians,
with the r.mk of colonel. He died in Cardiff,
Wales, in 17.S7. His wife died in Can. id. 1 in
i.Soi. Il W.IS he who tr.iiislated the book ol
Common Prayer into tlie Indian tongue.
]\nw these grants were fin.illv disjiosed of,
the writi'r is un.ible to s.iy; but at all events,
o'u-half of the original fief jiasscd into the
hands of the United St.ites after the W.ir of the
Revolution, .ind were by them sold to .Mev-
ander M.u omb. Whether the owners were re-
imbursed by the llritisli go\ einmeiit. does not
.ippe.ir, nor does il appear in wh.it w.iy the
Si. Regis Indians ha\e .1 ( laiin ii|ion tli.it pari
of the 'riioiis.ind Islands which lie in ( '.inadian
w.tters. ( )ne thing, however, is cert.iin ; il
those old proprietors (oiild be f.uored to-day
with a bird's-evi' view of their former ]iossos-
sions, tlie\ would be somewhat astonished at
their appe.ir,ince. especiallv willi the N'ankee
half of the original I'lel; and, but for.i peculiar
1' 1
l>.->
,1 s<)/i/:.\/A- (>/■ till: >i i.iwKi..\(.i: h-ni.K.
SLiitiiiiciu.ili^iii wliii l\ liii wars li.i> |u-i\a(li(l Iri n-. lndk for mk li iiiiiirnvcmfiiii ,is wi
tin- Ldiiiiliy press (il I'aii.uLi, the '.vliulr i'kI
Would l)c t()-(l.iv llic woaliliicsi ami mn^i at-
tiaili\i- MiiiiiiKT ii'soit ill ilif wiiild, and
I'lually i> iK'iK'llcial In Caiiida a> Id the
Uiiiti'd Si.itr^. \.uv lliat the s,iK- cil many "\
tlicislaudb 111 Canadian waters lua bcuii iiuuk.
lom^iioiid witli tliL-ir nalntal l)cautic>. and
splendid situation, and (ommcnsiiratc with
till- ma.;nitiidri)t ilu' j^r and Canadian pnniiKc
in whii h ihcy arc hn lud. ami with thi ciuTgv
and patriotism oi her rdiiicd and tultixatid
:;/"'
/ >
.\
bllOull.No 1 111. KAI'lDS.
THOUSAND ISLAND PARK.
/J^TllIS p. Ills srt'ins tri Ii.nr lu'oii an mit-
' i^H)v\lli 111 ill, II \va\r 111 i\lii;iiiu-> snui-
iiKiil wliii li swi'iil lUii ilu- (iiimtiy .ilioiu
1S7.I — till.' rcNiilt. in-rli,i]i-s, 111 the HMtlinn in
iiKn\ niiniK \vlii( li iiMi.illy IoIIiinvs i^i'c.il
I'm.inri.il (lc|irL'ssii)n. lis ( iinlcmiiov iiy ilc-
vclii|iiiU'nt-> AW \i--ililc at .\>liiii\ V.wk ami
( )i i-aii ( ;i()\c, two j^raiul siiinmcr resorts u|iiin
ihf ^L■al)ll,lnl 1)1' New Jersey, and the latter
iiiaiiilestatii 111 nf ihe ^amc ^rnllinenl al ("liaii-
taU'|iia. Ill W'csirrn \i'\\ N'urk. All of iIu'm-
iiiiivriiuait^ tuwaiil-. siiiniiur re>i(kiur> hiue a
ili>tiii( tK rrliniiiiis ( harat ter, and were the
iiiilL;rowth III a -^im ere desire lo i^lurily (Iml,
and yet, in dniiii; mi, lo make siiiiiiner limnes
where raiMilio • oiild naeive the ln-nefit ot"
chair^e of sreiie am! of air ami llerha|l^ in
tlu-ir m. inner of lixiiin.
'I'lie inanifostaiiiiii of this iin|iiilse at 'I'hoii-
siiid 1^1, mil I'arh is due to the elforls of Rev.
|. !'. |)asan, a well-known Methodist miiii---
tei, now on the retired list. lie 1 om I'ived
the idea that the Metliodi^i denomination
would 1^1. idly >ii|iiii;rl such a resort, and he
selected the soiithwesti'ily end of WelNley
Island .IS the most elii;ilile spot. 'I'lu' selec-
tion w.is judicious, and his eilnils were somi
.ippreciated. The luxded limls were in.iinlv
purcliased (1,000 acres) tioiii ('apt. Tliidop,
whose title w.is onh' the third reiiune from
the Stale iiself. Success crowned the Associ.i-
tioiTs elforls, ,'-^.'_',ooo woilli of lots liaxiiiL;
been sold in a sin^^lc Aav. Men siruL;i;led lo
secure the most desirahlo sites. 1 1 w.is iin-
lortunale for the yoiin}; town, howeser, that
the extreine reli,L;ious element so f.ir pre\.iiled
th.il illy-( oiisidered restrictions were imiiosed
as to enlr.im c fee, etc., but in time these
]H'( illiar \'iews ha\e ^iveii w,i\- lo more liber, il
ide.is. To this ij.iy, liuwesei. no ste.imei is
.illowed to hind ,il their dock on the l^.ibb.ith,
the present iiKiiiai^einent adhermj^ to ihe
ori^in.ll pi. in th.il the Sabb.ith should be not
only ,1 di\y of rest but of relii4ious observam e.
rile 'I'hoiis.iml Isl, 111(1 I'. irk is now. as it u.is
,it the be^inniiii;. .1 place where .1 man c.in
le.i\e his wife and 1 liildreii and feel sure that
thev will not be exposed to any h.nniful intlu-
ein e ol' ,iii\ nature — ,1 |ilace where "the
,issis>ins of soc iet\' " would have no iniUice-
meni wh, never to come.
The sitii.ition of the park is superior. U.ii k
from ilu> river-front phite.iu rises a 101 k\
mound, nearlv joo feet in lleij;lit. whiih
afforded ,1 perm.inenl and accessible loc.ility
for .1 w.iter reservoir u ilh pressure enoiij;li to
rtood the liinhesi buildings. The soil is pro-
ductive, resting upon the moraine of this
rej;ion, the result of glacial action, '{'he
second-growth of timbi r is mainh oak .ind
elm, rem.irk.ibly straiL,lu and vigorous, and
the lot-owners .ire only called upon to dei idi'
wli.it tree should be felled, and not uliat ihey
should pi, ml. It is dilficiilt to ioiicei\e of .i
liner loi .ition. With man's inteMij^eiit su|ier-
vision the' pi. ice may be made the most de-
liuhlful in .\merica. ( Hher resoris have the
oce.in, with its driftin;j; sands, its fo^s. its
storms — ■ this ii.irk lias the j;reat St. Law-
rence, whose w, Iters come sweepini; down
from the f.ir Xorlhwi'st, pure as the iiiellii\i,'
snow can make them, fresh .is the bre.ilh of
sprinu, ]il.icid as Nature itself. To live in
siK h ,1 spot is a benediction for man; there
he forL;ets his i ares, and j;rows into a life of
conieniment and thankfulness.
N
V
»T
^'4
./ sdrr/.y//: -7 /■///■; .v/- / i u/:/ \rr Air/:/:.
\i ilic riioii, i;i,l Ul iii,| , ihn,' N ,1 in-ii i'|i- I'll!' .11 i-iii,il II ii^ii'r-, wiMc : i 'hnic ril. m !■',.
Ill>li' "ilol 111 n/.iiir in llir .11 IIH is| liuMr. \\\ \> lli\.|l. 1 ». i). ru-,lilriit ; Will, lid I \ i-,
> Miir il IS cillL'd .1 " >!il|ili,iriiii-,," liv iiilici > .1 \i. . rn-.ic|i'iii ; (',i|. MliiTl I 1. Sli.iu, fdliii
I'l^liy s'lvll. l!i|l tli.ic i> .1 (lillrn'iii c. I)/. mo I' M.illiil. | I. h,i\.iii, I'. ( '. I'urli'^, Iv
IS (it Um'Ii .111 I'lur-.'iM I'iu'iiiii ,il .ij;L'ni, li i^ l\riiiiii-i,in, ll.iii. |,iiiU'-> IdIiiismii. \| I ).
,1 |iri'>.-r\.iti\ f, II. !i .1 |i iiiihin^ inllnriu r. In Kiiin.\.
tins it ililliM-. wiiIl'U I iiHn .iw-cii. till' pi 111! I- Ml. I>i\i'i . .intiniicil .1 hu'ihIk-i uI the
pli' in till' .iir wlij. li .i^>i->N in iln ,iy. Tliiio lui.uil .nul .i-, ^n iii.ii v .iml ^niciil ni,in,ij;i'r
sffin^ tM 1)1' .1 i\,i>jii lor tiu' jiflirl tli.it llu' until i.S.Si. (.'Ii.iiu (.■llm- Il.i\cn ii'-.ij;iicil in
lu'iu-liii.il rlf '1 i~, |ir. jiliiiiij ii|). in III inv iiiv ili.i> 1 .SS 1 , h ivini: 'u'lii in idi' nnr nt tlic !!l-.llll|l^
lidin ,1 rciidiiic r .iiii.iiij; till.- 'riiiiUi.ind Isl.iiuU o\ the > iiun li ,ii ilif pici i-iiiiiL; (iriui.il (.'dii-
(."^yiitSw^^
\ 11. . I I I \ I I l|. .1 - \ \1 . 1 I \ M . I \l;K
or upon tin' s(■,l-^llon■. is dnc lirurh to tlu- l.'r.Mirc. II" w i-. sii. irr led hv Kcw I. S.
o/niii.' di^ci'rmlili' in tlios- ioc ililir^.. I'>in.;'i I'n. I ). |).. who, in i.'sX;, 'j^.wr pl.n c
.\n iii.lii Uion of !h' pro.;ri's..i\ !■ suirit ol till- toR. \.M. h. Kmiii\, \ M.nho h.id Ihcii
pirk i> till' Tliousinil Isl.inil //,■> 1/ i. .i \yi-i-k\\ ,1 ni'iii' ."r of tli.' Ii urd of inistrrs from the
nevv-^pip'i- pnlilish.'d tlwrr. .iliK condn'ird. fii^l. I ' n Irr hi^ rmruiiii iii,in.i;.^rmciit main
of which y. V. ()tis i-, cdiior, .ind Kov. W'll- iniprovrm.'iit^ wrrr prrl.i tni. :md ilicrc came
li nil S'.uh'. in.in.im'r. .1 inTio.l of d.Tidfd growth. I Ir 1 oiil innid
riij on'.;iii U r.ipit.il of thr A^sociitioii w.is ,is l'ri',i 1 iii for s,.\in vcars. .md the r.iik
I'lN'-d at S!i ^.ooo. (if whirli ^7, loo w.is p aid in owr^ nri. li 'o hi> in ina'.;i-iiH'nl, and to the
iish. <)n Iinuirs' iiih, 1.S76, thr indi'liicd- f u t lli.ii he li,i> Ihh n of tln.iiii i.il aid at in. m\'
iv'ss (if til',,' A^soci.ition \vi~ >;.! |,6 (7. .S I and lini'^.
th" assets >!;7.po.i)p ' h ■ 1 ipit il w.is .iflor- I'n ■ pic-M-ni tnisti'cs ,irr : (iiMir.^c I'. I'olts,
w.irds in'r(M-.-'il to >!;o.ooo. rro^idi'iit ; ('h'oil:o ('. Siwyci, \'ii c- Prcsi-
t
If
/■//.''' s /.\7' /^i..L\n /'.ia'a:
^'=;
drill ; l>r. A. \\ . < i'liid.iK', 'I'rciMiii-i ; Waltrr ( cli'lnjlid |irf.ii Ihts in tlir I'nilid Si.iii^ .iiid
lii'invii, .\-.M^l.mi I'lcuiiii I ; W. k. litili, Ciii.id.i, ,ind ilio K'lMii.ition nf tin: I'.iik in
Sr(ii-I,ii\. l'rii^lrL-> : (ifiii-r r. lull-,, K (1, ilii^ ^(■^li^(■l li.is liiiii .idniir.diK Misijiiicd.
Wrck^, Cii'' r^r ('. S nv\tT. W. I\ , I iii h, W,d- \\r\ . \U. \. I.. C. S.iuNcr, cdiioi- <ii llic
IT llrnun, |)i, A. \V. (inidilr, j.iinr^ \' N'miiIhth (lili-li.iM AdviK.iic. dclivc'i r,| tuo
I.LWN, M. I\. 1,1,1'cvii.-, A. (liirnLi'. Rev. SLiinun^ tlijii- mi J uly .•_•. 1S94, lli.il \Mir llif
\
-^Ci^
MM I \ I I .11 \l;l I ■. I ki is^\Iii\,
The l-n~,i Sic ki II .|c1 ke<-|nr ii|...ii ih,. si. l.awniiCLV
Win. Scarlos. I). 1).. is din-c tor of the Talicr-
nacle .SLTNircs.
l''rom tht,' viTy fiisi the dcsimi ol tlie Asso-
riation lias Ik-cii to sc( iirc the licst native
talent for lelij^ioii.. services, and ako hriiviii"
most linislied and siirrini^ tlie writer lias ever
listened to. 'I'he inlliienees that lia\e gone
out from tliat 'ral.eniaele have been jiccii-
liarly inspiriiig and nolde, .iiiil its services
lave done much to popiilari/e the Park. The
"•"•" •>l>n'^"l .ncn of estahh^hed reputation auditorium has a rntural sKipe, tlie acoustics
•"" ^' "l"v. In this uay the nohle Tal,er- are a.lmnahle. and the si.ht most uni.pie an.l
n.irU. has had u.uler ,ts roof s,mie of tlie most interesting when tlie vast phu e is filled with
f
r/,
.1 S(U l/.\/U ('/ //// s/-. / III A'/.Vi/ lail R.
the sc.i of U|ituiiii'<l I'.ii IS I iiiilruiiliii^ ill!'
speaker. SitiMled in :i I'lnr j^iowili <il n.ik,
with great nirtains ,it tlic side-., ulm h cm lir
raised nr Idwcr'd .is ile^ireil, liie iJcoiile .ire
liruiinlil l.u e t'l I. II e witli n.iture, whtiire tlie\
,ire iiis[iired to look ii|i to ii.iliire's (iml.
It siiuiild iiDt lie lnrj;iitlen tli.u ilie I'ark as
well as the Isl.imis pirt.ike dl .m inlernatiniKii
( h.irai ter to a j^rent f\tt nt. .iiid tlic I nioii
J.ii k lio.ils in (lose |iro\imity to our own be-
loved Stars and Stripes, and th.it pravirs
ascend for the nohle (^iieen iVoin tlu' s.inie
desk as the petition for our honored Presi-
dent.
The iiopu! ition of 'riious.md Isl.md I'.irk is
somewhat of .1 llo.itini; nue. .is rif;:inls its pcv-
inanenre, hut there can he no dnulit as to its
pre-eminent respectability. It ninnluis Soo
to 0,000 souls, Inih'ed tile (inl\ 01 ( ismn lor
fr. ir in these established popiil.ir resents is
that they may bi'eonie e\( lnsi\rly the suiii-
iner .iliodes of the rich alone. .\l this pl.K e.
however, there .ire ample .k cominod.uions
lor ])eople of everv ( l.i^s in jioint of ma-
leii.il wealth, the hotel ( harues hein^ iiji.'voo
per day for the best. .Si. 00 pir d.iv for .1
eiieapcr but really toinfortable plaee, and
liD.ird in priv.ile coti.ij^es .\\ even less r.ites.
Il Is pre-eiiiinenll V a diinoii.iiii jiLiee, and
friendliness is ( ullivaled .1- nut .111 .iltouethi 1
obscilete senlinienl. 'I he inisiees .iiul dllneis
,ire I .Ip.llih' null, ( iiliipi isid (pf peison^ who
h.iM' iii.ide their w.iy Imin sm.ill he^iiininj^s
• mil h.i\ I' alw,i\ s been in synip.ithy with pl.iiii
.ind hoiile-hke lilelhods. The ( olt.lges ,iie
nilineldlis, all dt them .ill r.u ti\ e. snlile be, III-
tilul. We j;i\e views of the Hew hotel wliiih
repl.ii es the one burned in iSiji, ind snine ol
the iiiiue elen.ml stnic lures. .\ I rM\ ehr upon
.in\ ol the sit'. liners whiili thread their w.i\'
.iiikiiil; the isl.iiids will cibseiAc th.it nidic j.cd-
ple );el dii .iiid d|| .i| 'rhdiis.iiul Isl.ind I'.iik
ih.in.ill till' diher results put td^ethei. The
pidlled L;rdUiid Idr 1 oIKiues ik c iipies aliiuit
100 .icres. I he \ssdi i.ilion h.is sdM nil ."oo
ai res fdi- Liriniiii;. ainl abdiit 7. f> .u res ;iie
left, ile\ died lo d,iir\ illi;.
I he IHimpill;; engines df llie Assoiiatioli.
ihiil system dl se\vera;.;e, w.iter siijiph aliil
eleillii liglils ,lle silperiiU" .ind line\( t llecl.
Their iKiMiiid phiiit ;md the be.iiitifiil ni.i-
I hiner\ ther.- (df ihe Wateiidwn Ste.im I'.u-
;.;ine ('dlnp.ill)) .lie liiddels nl liii( li.ili i< .il
skill. J. .\. II.
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23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER N.Y 14580
(716) 872-4503
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THr CROSSMON HOUSE AND ITS FOUNDER.
IN >iirakinL;(il' M r. ( 'il \kl i:> ('ko^>\iMN. \vlin-,c success as a li<)lcl-kcc|HT. and Ict'l an indclililc
|Mirnail is shown (111 |M^c (15. nc( cssilalcs a:i nn|ir(ss ii|iiin llic I'.ay lliat will imi lie sonn
c\!(1m1c.1 iHilii c (il liis lidUM', now one ol' the loruolien, and (an ne\(a l>e allomllier ellai cd.
Iinest on the livei, and aMv ni n)ai;ed iiy his lie was Ikhii hi Waleilown. N. \'., .uu\ liad
son, thon^h Mis. ( 'KOss\h.\, Sl^'., is vet alile to Imt few advantages in his \onlh, his ednc alion
]„. .|1„,,|, ,111,1 lo -ixe jrrneral snperv ision ol' havin- lu'iai i onlinecl to the ((innnon scliool.
nun h of the inner woikint;suf the estaMisli- T nhn k;ly for him, and i-ertainK an nnin'oinis-
ii,i^.„(_ iiiL; he,i;inninL; of a Inisiness lite whn li has
pr, i\ en s{i successf nl, he was oiU'
ol' the \ oinii^stiTs « ho weie se-
duced into that " I'ati'iot " ainiv
that undertook, in i.S^;, lo in-
\ade Canada and ledrcss the
" wroni^s " which a \r\v ("an-
adian inah ontenis liad nlow-
innlv depicted in "I lunter "
lodges and elsewln li'. ('loiss-
MiiN was one iif ihose who wi'ie
" looped up "in th ■ old u ind-
inill lii'low rrescoll. and who
1 onrai^eousK letu^ed to desert
\'on S(h on 1 1/, their leader, u hen
j'ri'sion Kin;4 came at ni;.;lil
u ilh the " Paul l'r\ " and ot-
ereil to I arr\' thian a wa\ lo the
Anicrii an shore. He was about
tuentv xcarsof auoat that lime,
and on ace c lunt of his south
N was tlnallv pardoned 1)\' the
llriiish authoni ies, ami released
^■' alter .in anxious ami scune\\hat
|irotr,ic led iinprisomnent in I'drt
llenrx .it Kin;;ston, frcun whii h
sever, il of these " patriots "
('iixkii's ("101 — Mci\ came to Alesandri.i were marched to a felon's dc.itli iipcut the
l'>,l\- in iNpi, and none of the ener;.^elic iiicai scalTold.
u ho ha\ e liei ciuh sf) piduiimait in that loc aliu I le 1 cunniem cd liolel-kee|iin|4 in an liiimMe
li.is dcuie iiuu'e (,ind \ cu \ lew ,is much; to \*a\ .it the llav in 1 N-jS, succeedilij; his f.ither-
lirim; into piomiiiem e thai nmsl desei viu:; .iml ind.iw in .1 small countrv t.u'ern .ui.ipted to
popiil.ii" siimmei' ic sort than Mr. ('uos^\iii\, the wants f)f th;it e.iiK d.i\. I'here wci'e.
Without ,in\' spec iai inlliiem c to .lid him, and howcs er, e\ en then some \i si tors to the islands
without am capital s.ive his o\\n iiL;ht hand and ri\cuin puisuii ol lish and rest. Amonc;
and the- clear head to l;omuii il, ,iided liv cuic' the distinguished men who made the old
of the- most c .ip.ihje .md indnsi rioiis wi\'es ihe " Cnissmon " famous were William II. Sew .ird,
ccumtrv has ever known, he irrew into a ureal William !,. M.irc \, .\1 irtin \'.in I'lMicn and iiis
" I III c |:( ,s,\l..N |\ |s |S.
(\G,/
A S(uvi:.\/R ('/■■ I III: ST. i.iwRnXt'K A'lri:^'.
.,>„ luhn, Siln. Wiiulit, iM-.ink llLiir. I'lv.!,.,, 'rii.- do.-L-i-.' Iinv i. tlir inosl cmipKtc nn.l
Kill-. K,V. l>r. r.rlllUnr. (•..•lUM.llDl. kT.INlnr, rXhUMVr , ,| ,my..„thr liNVr. 11U' snHH.tl,,
llu- liiv, kmria^rs, ,in.i ininv nllirr, r.|ii:illv nrw pbnkin.:; iinilr. ll>c ,L;iirMs In r :i i.minc-
ili-^lin-iii^liril. i'"l''-
\s tin- ti.lr of plrasniv tnnrl srt in tou.n.l Al ni.^ht - Tl,r ( ■msMnon." in .Icms nnd ..ul.
lluSt. I.:nv,vn.v,,n,l lis i.l,>n,l^,"ThM ■,-,,..- |,rcsrnts a srono nl l,rill,an<-v. Rnw. nt r„l-
,n,,n" wa., rnan tnnr m tin,.-, rnla,-r.l. an,l oiv,l liglils illnmiiu- tlir v, ran.las, and slunr
r,n illv the liivsonl nKmnifirrnl Imtd ua-, luiill Iroin its manv towns, .lu.ldinfi a wcaltli of
nnthVsiu. of it.carlir.i |.,v,l,T,.SM„-. Intl,. . nl„r u|.„n the water. The d,aw,n,^-,noms
new stPM tutv eveivthin^ thai is desirable in a are filled uilh .miest. en-a-ed m so, lai |,as-
lirsl^elas. iH.lel has Keen piuvided t,,|-, an.l in times, and all al.ont the |,la. e there is li^lit
ilsmanaLieinentevervfauliiyi. furnished, an. 1 an.l life an.l .uaNetv. Th.' arrival ot ihe
the fnlh-st .ittentinn -iv, n t., th.' wishes an.l steamers at evenin- is .clehrate.l by a display
re.iuirenunt, n\ its -m.ts. Its r,,..ms .ir.' all ..f nrew..rks in fn.nl .,f the h.,t.O an.l .-n the
pleasanllv silnated. allnr.bn- eharniin- views nei-hb.irin- islan.ls, makin- a pi.iur.' m.le-
,){ the nei'diborini; s. en.rv. There ai.' sidles -,. ribal)lv beaulilul.
for fa.nili(-s, with ^Hval.' balh-r.M,ms an.l all In speakin.u thus .Men.l.'.llv of - The ( :r..ss-
.onv.-ni.aiees, b.^shhs sinj.^ an.l .•..nnerim.^ in.,n." w hav r.'.ally been illusiratin;^ the
r„..ms in eNvrv part ..f llie h.n.s.., all han.l- sne.essfnl eftorts of Mr. Cuo-mon hims.dt.
s.mielv furnished. VUr ,levat,.r is in ..pera- for his hotel was his lif.-, and upon it he lav-
tion .amstantlv, an.l the stairwavs are l.r.),i.l ishe.l all his energy, an.l it rewarded liis
•in.l easy. There are spa. i..iis an.l .■l.-antlv lu.n.'sl faith. No trouble was too -real t.ir a
fnrnishe.l drawin-i.)..m., wid.' . orri.l.n-> an.l -iiesl; ihe si.k had all the .are i.ossible it by
bn.ad veran.las. and, from ihe latt.r. nne ..1 rhan..' ihev fell ill then-, an.l the r.^sull wi.s
Ihe most d.'liuhlful views t., b-.toun.! in this that every -uesl be.ame a pM'sonal trien.l.
entire re^don mav be ha.l. 'i'he main .linin-- In that wav •' The < ■r.Ksm.m '■ has en|..v.'.l a
ro,,m is .m llu- river si.le .,f tlu' house. Its -tea.ly relurn ..f its .,ld palr.u,s year by year.
,:,bles are b.rni.he.l with . a.stlv .hina. silver In.le.M <me patr..n has spent tiiirty-ei^ht .-on-
:,nd .nt -lass and ihe finest linen, an.l sup- Mvnlivelv r.Murring summers there.
,,|i„l with Ihe rarest fruits an.l .lelira<i.-s. Its IV rs<,nally Mr. Ck.^s-mon was unassuming,
servue is uneN.elh'.l. A pleasant dinin-r.„,m .'arnest in his frien.lships, steadfast ,n his i,ur-
is pr.,vi,le.l tor ehihlren in rhar.e ..f nur.,.s, p.,s..s, an.l h.yal to all tlu.se who ai.le.l t.. .1.-
■|-heimp..rtan.e.,f i.r..vi,l,i,t^sp..ial.-..mf..rts velop Alexandria l!ay. in the midst .U his
•mil amusements f.H- the .hil.lren is ree.i-ni/.d .-..mplete sue, ess he was .ailed awav \n
in and about this establishm.'nt. There are an..tlur . .uintrv. l.'avint; a name unbleinishe,l,
ae, .,mm...lati.,ns l..r nurses in llu ir .are of the an.l a nu inorv sweet and -ratelul.
little .m.s and opiM.rinnitu's bu" wh,)les,mie The ehler Ck..ssm<.N having die.l m i.S,,..
sports are at hand. M'- <■" ^'<"- ^^'^ ("k'^ssmon su.reeds the l.rm
"The Cn.ssm,u,-s" surroun.lin^s are alt.a.- o( Crossm.m ^ S.,n, whose management ly.s
„ve l.'.very.revi.v of the immense r.„ku,.on ma.le this hotel uote.l thr.,ugh..ut the worl.l
wlueh its river si.le r.sts is a,lorne,l with a be.l and the fav.uite h.ad.piarters in later .lays of
of (lowers .,r a sm.all shrub. On th.. >treet su. h men as i'r.si,l,.nl Arthnr, C.en. Sheri.l.an,
si.l,. are ..raveK..l walks an.l .Inves, an.l a Car.linal M^CIosky, Herbert Spe... er, ( 'harles
,inu!ar piat b.r ou,.,lo.,r .ame.. with ea-v I)u,ll.-v W.irner. 11, K. Reinharl, WilK 'arleLm,
l,..„,.hes pro,,., t.-.l bv a . an,.pv. Stivt, hing ami other n..tabl..s. wli.-se sp..ken an.l written
...stw.r.l from th,. h.U.l ,s CrosMnon's I'oinl. l,iais,.s have a.l.le.l greatly to the popularity
with its br.Ki.l. lev.-l lawn, bor.Kr, .1 by ih,' ..f the islan.ls and this line hotel, whieh keeps
do. ks ami lan.lings tor steamboats an.l skiffs. pa.;e with progress.
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UK. Al)li|>'iN Wli.lil I.I OliAI.K.
SOME BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
DR. ADDISON WIGHT GOODALE,
l'iii:iiici;il AkliU i>I the 'riimisaiul Khiiul I'aik Asvh ialimi,
X'^AS the sonof Ruggksaml lictscy Wiglu 1S55 he bej^aii to study medicine with Dr.
NV Cloodale, who settled at an early day Ahell, at Antwerp, afterwards graduating at
in Fowler, St. Lawrence County, N. Y., where the All)any Medical College as an M. I).
the subject of our sketch was born, August 17, 'I'liis was in 1S5X, anil in that year he married
1.S31. His early education was in the com- Miss Helen Jane I'owler, daughter of Lester
nion schools of that primitive period, until and Dollie I'"owler, of Antwerp, hi iSsS, he
1S51. He afterwards attended the Ciouver- began the practice of medicine in the town of
neur Wesleyan Seminary for two years. In Rutland, following those older men, Drs.
;o
,/ soc i-/:.\/R ,)/•■ /■///: s/\ /.iirA'/:\r/r Avr/u.
MuiiMin, Smilh and S|ic;i( ..t. lie u.is in
piTU-li'T lIuTi.' when the Ki'hcllinii showed its
liorrid Iniiit, and when the lolh Heavy Artil-
lery was I'eermted, he jciined il as assistant
siifj;ei)n. lie served with that line body of
troops III, III their final niuster-oiit in July,
1865, proviiiL; liiiuself an aMe, iiuliistricjiis,
and conscientious oftlcer. | l''or mii-ter-aiit
rolls of the oflicers of this l,irL;e and gallant
regiment, see p. 75 of Ilaildock's History of
Jelferson C'oiinty.J
Mis protracted absence in the army had
largely depleted his practii e, and when he
was mustered out he removed his I'amily to
Watertown, where he remained until 1X67,
and then accepted a position in the medical
department of the i'luenix Mutual Lite In-
surance Co., at Hartford, Conn. The Doctor
became a trusted and important oflicor in
that company, particularly in setlUng claims.
'I'his relation with that leading con)[)any ( on-
tinued until 18S5, when he returned to Water-
town. He has since been engagec' in Ijankiiig
in .South Dakota, now being president of a
bank there. He is a large land-owner in the
West and in Jefferson county, 'i'hough edu-
cated as a physician, he may a]ipro]>riatelv be
classed as a farmer, Hut the only thing the
writer has ever heard him allude to in any
^P'lii "I pride or emul.ition was in ( (iiine( tion
with his service as a school te.u her, he ha\ ing
taught eight seasons, and there are hiindrecU
ol nun and women now in ai ti\e life who (an
look back to Dr. (ioodale's advice and in-
struction for the st.irting point in their en-
deavors to live useful lives.
In iS.Sj, Dr. Cood.iK' was elected one of
the dire( tors of the 'riioUsand Island P. irk
Association, .ind is now the treasurer and
chiel linancial olticer of that important organi-
/aiicni, wliicdi is s[iokeii of elsewhere in this
History. The exacting duties of this po.silion,
together with his own private business, now
take up all his time, leaving him no leisure
lor the ])ractice of his jirofession.
The Doctor is a large man, nearly six feet
t.ill. of pleasant face and agreeable speech —
companionable and iViendly — iin iting c onli-
dence by his open counteii.'.nce and pleasant
ways. Springing from "the ]ilain people,"
he is pre-eminently democratic, easily ap-
])roached, an honored citizen, because an
honorable one. He is yet in the prime of
life, although he is one of those who passed
through our great war after he had come fully
to man's estate. His excellent wife shares his
prosperity, and it is a pleasure to see them
together.
REV. JOHN FER
\(^S\1''.DL known as a distinguished minister in
>'>/ the Methodist l">piscopal church, was
born in the town of Lyme, jelferson count v, X.
v., January 23, 18 re;. His father was Dr. John
Dayan, a distinguished physician, who came
from I.owville, where he was educated and stud-
ied medicine with Dr. I'erry.alsoadistingiiished
surgeon in his day. Soon after obtaining his
degree. Dr. John Dayan married I'ollv Henrv,
of I.owville, X. v., whose father was a cap-
tain in the Revolutionary army, and among
the earlic'st settlers of Lewis countv. The
doctor emigrated to the town of Lyme, where
he commenced the ])ractice of his profession,
and continued it until his death by accidental
drowning in July. 1835, in his 43nd vcvir.
DINAND DAYAN,
The Dayan family trace their descent from
a prominent .Austrian family, in which were
three celebrated military gener.ils, the last of
whom was that fie'd marshal who was com-
mander-in-chief of all the armies under Maria
Theresa, in her seven years' war against f'red-
erick the (Ireat. The family was originally
of Cierman origin — a town bearing the name
of I )aun still existing in that country. .About a
hundred years ago the name was Anieric,ini/ed
by changing the spelling from Daiin to Davan.
On le.iving college, the paternal grandfather
of Mr. Dayan came to .\merica during the
Revolutionary war. He landed in New \'ork
in 17S0, and died in Aln^terdaln, N. \'.. in
SUM/: /:/ih,h\U'/l/C.U. SK/:/CI/l-:s.
71
Alter till' (liMtli (if his lather, the >iilijc('l of
this sketi'li uciii lu live with liis uiuic, JikIl;^
Charles Dayan, of Lowville, N. Y. There he
entered the Lowville Academy. After cuiii-
l)letin|; liis academic, course, he studied lau.
Just previous to lii^ heiiiL^ admitted to the bar,
lie became interested in the study of tlie lliljle
In 1S45 he was uiuled in marriage to Miss
Chirissa Julia Chase, eldest daughtei of Rev.
Squire Chase, one of the earliest missionaries
to darkest Africa. The writer remembers
him as a man of extraordinary force and
capacity. He was one of the best orLtanizers
the .Methodist lu-irarchy could command at
'■■■n
RKV. JOHN 1 lOKDlNANn HAVAN.
as a law book, which led to his conversion that time. Of stalwart frame, his presence
and connection with the Methodist l^piscopal
church in the Sprini,' of 1842. Under the pas-
toral guidance of Rev. James I'lrwin, he uiu-
ted with the lUack River Conference in 1S44,
and entered upon the work of the ministry, in
which he continued until 1867, when his fail-
ing health necessitated his giving it up.
was commanding. He possessed .1 voice of
great vf)lume, and it readied to the uttermost
parts of the largest church. He was rej/arded
as the ablest preacher in the old Black River
Conference.
Rev. Mr. Dayan served the following
charges : I.eRay, .\dams, Clayton, Syracuse,
.1 so/T/y/A' (}/■■ ////■: ,s/: /,./;; 7//;. wa; av/'/.a-.
Fairfic'lil. I.DWvilK', 'I'luTcsa, Cipr Xiiicrnl,
liion, < 'anh.iyc.
At 'riK-rcs.i tlir uiilcT ami his laiiiih sal
iiiidci- his |iicarhiiiL;. llis iiiaiincr was pcr-
suasivi.', his (luiiijii ( Lissiral, his smnoiis
iiii)i-c than iiUcicslinL; — they time hcd the
heart. I'hc lai_L;c>t rc\i\al ininaiilK'iL'il in
'I'hfiTsa was dmiivj; his iMstorali', ami wluai
lie luft that I harj;c lie rallied uiih hmi the
alleeiiniiate reiiiemlirame of every iiiemlier oi
the < huK h and euns^rei^aiion.
In 1866 he was made i'resiilin^L^ I'lJder of
the Waiertnwn distriet, a position calling for
a robust coiiMitution and endh's> indusirv.
His laliors in that pcjsiiion impaired his
health, and he relinquished with many regrets
his cherished life-work.
Mr. Dayan was in every resiject a ]iroi,Mes-
sive man, and in 1.S72-;, he had -iven nun h
thou-lit to the projert of oi)enin- a Christiin
summer resent anions; the 'riioiisand Islands.
To him, imne than to any other one man, is
due, not only the imeplion of the plan, hut
its reduetion to a practical basis. Not that
his plan met with disfavor or that sdine ( api-
talist could not be tVamd who woi;ld invest
inonev enou-h to try the experiment. Ihit
the details were t'lioriuous : the amount of
lai t required was sniprisin-, lur loi al jeal-
ousies had to be ))lac, tid, the entliu-.iasm ol
the .Nfethodists aroused, and the lUiiani/ation
so poised as to be disiiiK tly reliL;ious, yet not
repellii^L; tliu-,e who u t re not c huK h members
nor ( hun h -oers. In all these inliicate manii)-
nlatioiis .Mr. 1 ),iyan slun\ed himsc'ir an adejit
— manilesliiiH- a business (ajiaciiy that sur-
prised his friends. His pl.ms found ample
fruition, and the ■riionsand Island Park stands
to-day hi> ablest advoc.ite. For si.\ years
Mr. Dayan was the nian.iger of that Associa-
tion, and, iij) to the time iie resig led from its
board of coiUr '■ it ow.d to his /orethouj^lit,
JierseveraiK e and /eai all that it was.
Thciii eforward his lite !i;;., inerged. L;radii-
ally into the " sere and yellow leaf." With
health mm h impairetl he waits patiently for
thai passing hence which will reveal to him
the bles.^ednessof those who, through evil and
i;ood report, in hours of deeiiest despondeiicv,
e\en when tormented by doubts and uncer-
tainties, have yet steadily stood for Christ and
his glorious cause ; ami who, having been
faithful over a t"ew things, shall surely be
<-alled to the command of higher thin;;s. ,ind
even reign with Him whose faitliful servant he
has been for nearly si.xty years. j, .a. 11.
f\
THE MEN I HAVE MET U
n\' riiii,-. c. ,\i,vi)kii, i:\-i
I'l\l!',,\l) has suggested that I could
write a very interesting human hi>iory
ol the river's rapid growth as a spcuisman's
paradise, a health-be. iring, exliil.iraiing, joy-
insjiiring refuge for tired and invalid human-
ity. It will be rea.dily conceded that in the
performance of my task 1 must omit mention
of m.iny — lor the many I have met are legion
in number. And again, looking back over a
'■ period III more than forty years, I must un-
avoidably fail to recall many, the mention of
whose naiiKN would be of great interest. In
order to do justice to my own city and to
scores of other cities and towns, I would need
but strike a few names from their annual
PON THE GREAT RIVER.
IIU I.-(;iiV. Ill' M.W \IIKK.
directories, and then ap])end the corrected
lists to this article, to enumerate " The Men
I Have Met upon the (ire.it River." Hut to
accomplish the undertaking in some accept-
able way and within ivasonrble limits, I must
cease apology and explanations, ami proceed
with my jirojected work, or I shall never
linisli it.
I have already, in another chapter in this
Souvenir, had something to say of mv first
experience on the noble river, and I beg a"ain
to introduce to your notice the R!;v. Dk.
lii-.rnuM-., the original (ly-caster of the St.
Lawrence. Need I say that his i)rofound
learning, hi-, acknowledged i)reeminence as a
//// \//\ I //./// Ml. I I rr\ rill. i,ia..ii kiii.k.
"3
|iUl|iit iil.iloi, ,111(1 willl.ll 111-, kllldU, ii|ii.ll-
lirarlcd, C'lii i^li.iu lii'iiLMiKiK (• w ill rc'iiiiiii ,i
[ilea-., ml iciiirmliraiK (■ m) lonn .i^ llic w.ili'is of
his liclov c(l ii\L'r lldw frdin llic lakes to the ^ra.
'I'lic 1)1 llu\^, lallur .\\\k\ >(i!1s, ulm i;avr
u^ tlu' silken liiu' and ilir ijiili-.licd idtalinn
s|)i)on, will la' icinrniliL'icd a^ n'ivini,' .w inU( li
of niiisic and liannony to tlu'ir lirl(j\cd pas-
lime as iliil tluir iinci|iialc(i (nlK'(iion of
dnnn and life, rvinbal and hiuihoy, liddlc
and llnic lo llicii niusic-lovinj; nciL;lilior> in
"tlu' jn.'nl U[i city," where their nienioiy i^
ever j^reen.
Is it necessary to make ,mL;ht of expKmatinn
in hrinninj^ Si.rii (li;ri;.\ to )'onr notii e ?
Not learned in schools, but an untiring, bright
student of nature, lie" read as from an open
book all the secrets of the finny tribe, o\er
whom, by the consent of fishes and men, he
was the sole and undis[>uled ruler. I'lducatid
in the s< hool of N'.itiiie, he was Nature's
nobleman, with a heart beating kindly toward
all things animate.
Another iioteil individual is mixed in with
my earliest recollections of the river. It is true
I had never met him there, for he liatl visited
the liay for the first and only time the \ear
before my first .irrivai, but ever)- time (and
that was often) I tried the then super-excellent
fishinn-i^round near tiie foot of Crenadier, I
was very empliaticallv told where he had
lunched when fishing,', and he hatl lunchetl
there so often that the natives, t.akin^ adv.in-
tat^e of the fact that the much-lunched island
lacked a name, solemnly decreed that from
that lime and foreser thereafter it should he
known as ''X'.w I'iUki.:\'s Island." It may
be that the man is fori;otten, but I believe
that it is a matter of history thai he was in
the cloudy and di.-,lant past once President of
the I'niled Slates; but, not lieinir reelected,
he went — fishing. But once 1 did come
near to fishiiii; in his company. Having given
U]) his "job" at Washington and retired to
the I.indenwokl shailes of sleepy Kinderhook
he, after "cradeling his buckwheat," would
liie to the lovely Hudson, a short two miles
away, to fish. I happened one day to be the
guest of a gentleman who lived on the bav
whcle "MalU" u.i-. Uoiit In ri-.li; ,ind on
that i\.\\, he .il one end .iiid I .il llie other of
lli>' bay both " .Mally ,tiid niy^cll --bobbed
lor while perch; each, 1 ,im liappv to say,
willi great -.access.
In the later (la\s of mv periodi( ,il -.ojoiiin
uitli old man I'rossman, there (ante thither
two ol our (duntry's mo^t distingui-.hed men
oil their u.iy lo the haunts of the princely
salmon (jf the Sauguenay, pausing here for a
lew (lavs lo tempt the springy, cunning, sport-
( re.iting ]la^h of llie .St. I.awreiue. 'I'heirs
wa-i a frieiuUhip at tliat time (homewhat
clouded in later years) like that of Uamon
and I'ythi.iri. I'tterly unlike in temperament,
manners and action, they were both, I sin-
cerely believe, a unit in their unselfish, power-
lid devotion to the best intere^ts of their coun-
try in her hour of sorest trial and direst need.
If in Ri)-. Ill C'iixkm.m;, th.it stubborn, self-
will, unconli'ollable temper, never-dvingeiiniity
to all wh(j (hired oppose his will, had been
tempered and .-.oflened by the suave, ( oiirtly
and conciliatory manners and tact of Cm >i i:k
.A. .'MMiirk — in fine, if the better ipi.ilities of
each had been used to neutiali/e the failings
of both, it would have added increased weight
to their great deeds patriotically done to save
the N.ition's life. Ifumanitv is fr.iil, never
perfect; but in the world's pictureof great men
the he, ids of Conkm.nc and .\uriiUK will
l(jom up as did that of Saul among the prophets.
In the last year of my annually recurring
stay at Alexandria I'ay I met and fraternized
with Wni.iAM J. SKiNMi-;, Cii-.N. Hkmamin V.
]>ki;cK and I-'kankiin .\. Ai.iikkckr, the three
Canal ("(immissioners of the State, and in
their company Na rii.\N-ifc;i S. Uixiox, then
and for twelve years Auditor of the Canal
Department, who had also during his long
and busy life well and worthily discharged the
duties of Surrogate, State .Senator, United
States .Xttorney for ten years. County Judge
and Secretary of State. While they were
ostensibly fishing, they were really weighing
and measuring the probabilities of the success
of an attemiit of the mighty river to detlect to
its own channel on its way to the ocean, the
rapidly growing tonnage of the boundless
■4
,/ S'>/ r/:.\7/y <>/■• /■///■ sr. r.n\-Rr\r/: av/va'.
W'c^i, aiiil t(i ^^UmI iI ,iu,i\ liDiii niir (,iii,i|^--
lliciic ni,iL;iurK lilt .11 li I'll i.il w .iliiw .i\ ■.. .ilikc till'
,L;li)ry (il the Slalc .ind tin- \v(j:i(Ii r ui ihc
\V(ii Id, tluii mil in ilun utlii i.il i aw Ski n m k
|iiiiliuML'd ill. It aliovf wlicir llu- (iii.il ki\rr
look its iiriiii.il li'.iji ill its lucillis^ lliulit uVr
11)1 ls\' li.iniii' aiiil lliKni^li iiiiuiiit.iin L;iii'L;r in
ils 111.1(1 ll,l-.tL' li> incL'l tlu' -,i.,l, til -^Ui'lAc the
IllinllU lliiu lit Its L^rral Imil)' nl U.llrl- tn tin.'
\.illc\ III til, It iilliiT (iiT.il Ri\ii till' ini ■mi-
ll. iiMlilr lliiiUnii ; I'lil r.i.'i I I .iiiil .\i lauui K,
\\i|ll tlir ]iiilrllt .III] 111 r.l\|M\, iiilKd the
IllinlltV rliill(l-]iii.Trin^ ]ir.lk.>nl tin; \iliiijii-
d.ii ks ill his p.ithw.iv, .mil s.idK' ,iiid uliu-
t.intly .Ski\m:k .iliandoiicd the .ittcniiit. Tlu'V
rinailv di'ii.uti.'d with the s.itist\ iiv^ ln-hrf iliit
X.ilurc had iciii'd in-iii niiumt.iMr li.ii lii rs tn
till' .irciiliiplishlilciit III' thr lixri's dir.iiii iit'
\ii till y. ('hainii's liii.il lia-i lulit,' siiu r In liid
thciii .ill an'oss till' d.iik ^tic.iin, all tmi mhhi
tor ihctn to knmv that inni dI ilu-ii own lilmid
imll down inoiint.iins and till up st-a^ with
n.itiirc's ton is lanu'd to iluir liiililiiiL;. .Alic.idv
that m'owiiiL; I il\ --tanilinL; al the hr.id ot' tlu'
^rcitrsl liiidy ot inl.iiiil w.itns known to thr
uoiid, dcni. mils and uill li,i\c an iiniiiukni
w.itnu.iy to tin; r.irth-i'iirinlinn orc.ins.
I' Kill ri IK Knu I I', with lull nin;^ Lloi|llrlU r, in-
triition.illy sail .istii , liiit 1 1 niv prophnii , li.i>
niuK- fiiduriiii; f.niii' for liulnlli, its own i;riMt
opportunities, rouplcil with il> ck-tniiiiiK'd
push and tiinijy, conipliincnt -- a\ a;, .ucnitn-
.Uc his nninii iitionid pndic" i m. Our liloml
cousins and I'linulK ii\a' , over the border,
unstintedly aided t'nun the overllowin;.; ( olTers
ot" the _L;r.ind old Mother across the sea, are
aire, lily deepini; .uid wideniiiL; the i haiiiul
and lurliin^ the rush of the ini^litv ri\er,
huildiiiL; with its own stor.e and lillin;< with its
own water the i,'iL;anlii slejis o\ enoinin^ the
elevation from the .\ll.intie to the ( Ire. it Lakes,
and soon shall we \iew lloaliiv^ easilv past our
shores the mmiinonth frei^lit-lie.uiiiL; ships of
the world, l.iden with t.irgoes at the elevator-
dorks of l)uliith, .\ooo miles inland from the
western --liore of the .Vtlaiitic, to he ilischarged
unbroken at the dist.mt ])orts of Ivirope, an-
other ,^,ooo miles away from where inl.ind How
and occ.iii tide meet to Lrreel its eominu.
In lump. my with the ( !iiiimiissioneis, .md
often there, liter, we |ii\fully vulcoiiied the
pie, Is. ml 1 oinp.iliiuii, skilled .nielli .ind .iccoiii-
pli^hed I leik of .Ml. .Skinm.;!', Mi. Hnrkiss,
III Little i'..IU, orci^iiiii.ilK .111 oinp.mii'd by
his worthy biotheis m unity, iliKi ii .ind I, \-
lui, w hii^e 11, lines and niei ileil lame in those
uldiii d.i\s M oriied to be bouiul |i\ the n.ir-
liiw \,llli\ ot' the bloiiiK Mnh.iwk. \\'kIi.II|-,
ihe stnlV II Her I il (Il 111 A ,1. the |eHelsiin rolinlv
wit. ,mil W\l i:\lll, tile terrible joker ot
I hiciil I, both L;r.od men ,iiid true, sometime
l>i\i--iiiii ( 'iiimii,inilei s on the Liie, li.i\e' been
met siiuiiiliiin the depili .iiiil measuiiiiL; the
breadth of its gi,mt liv.il, the .St. L,iwreiiie.
In i.S()6 1 (■han.;ed my li.i-,e, fur. it thi-^tinie
llie h, ibil.it of the desii.ible ^.mie-lish seemed
to li,i\e Miiived up slie,im, so lh.it the bins of
llle llur:^ had tn pull ,ii;,linsl the i uiient ol
\\ellr--ly Ukillil 111 ludrr to sill 1 essflllly I oni-
pile with tliir ('l,i\lun liwiU; .it ('l.ivlon
there Were then Iwn iint.ible ( ,ir,iv,iiisiries,
the llubb.ird and the W'.illoii, .ind willmul
preliiedit.ilion I dmppid iiiln the llubb.ird,
\\hiie lor eliseii vi.ii^ I w,i-,a summer lixtiire.
I'l null me lo say lure tli.il both houses had
unoil and well-ileser\ 111 repiit.il ions, eiih, lined
b\' the f.ii I ill It the i;iiii.il lin^ts were friends
nut n\ iN, and in il-^ lie->l sen--e liiinil-,of the
,l;iu>Ii III biitli; .1 l.iMir (nfleii nt'l'ired ) .isked
b\ the mii-~I ot'iille al llie ll.lllds iil' t!ie other,
W.I, iiie'l and L;r,inleil pimnptly and eordi.illy.
1 but Villi e the siiueieU' deep regret of their
.limy III liiniiK .it their un;imel\- Liking off,
.md lie^pe.ik Inr their br,i\e w ii low s the kindly
.iiid bounteous siip|inii nf all iho^e wlm knew
and e^leemed tlui r departed husbands. Mrs.
b Ills -I IN is \ el .iitixely eni;,iL;eil in the < .ire of
ihe W'.illiiii, till- L;r. mil prnperlv left her b\ her
husb.ind ; and one who ha^ seen her and re-
i.ilL the f,ii 1 til, It shi' w,is ,1 neii e of ( 'leiier.il
Will i\M II. Am.i I, the liioadea m.in Clay-
ion e\er knew, '\il! ii:it fail In gladly loiiie
wiihin the charmed i in le of her kindly < .ire
.md elei^ant ])erKiinality.
.\binil this period bcLian the idea of i^land
ownership .mil siimnier cottai^e; amon^i; the
lii->t lo adventure wasa broker from New York,
!•', I i.K.M .\. Rmu.NsiiN, who expended money
i
I ,-j
lljll
•15
•54
rill-: .Mi:\ i ii.wi: Mi:r rrox riii: i:i<i:.\r ri\i:k.
77
freely nil his islnnd in i^radinL^ and d(i( kint,'
and the eieciion of a loniniodiinis and roomy
mansion. I le llmiri^hed for a time, an erratic
nuieor alliwarl the inland sky. but at last the
i^ra\ it.Uicjii of his own errors hrou^ht him.
Imrnt out and exhausted, down to earth.
One of my esteemed colleagues in the halls
of lei^islation, and later, an honoied represent-
ative of his district in (_!(.)ni;re^s. Iv IvlKk
IIakt, of ( )ileans, built himself at an early
day, an imim^inij; mansion fai Iul; Alexandria.
I ha.ve sailed and auj^led on the water and
often lunched on the ,u'reen-sward of an i^land
in the company of the world-renowned sculp-
tor. R. II. I'akk. His more recently reported
social standing;, if true, leaves his artist fame
his only claim for recollection.
I must occasionally bunch the men I ha\e
met on the river, and generalize their ,L;ood
jioints, else I will be unable to enumerate a
tithe (it the niost worthy; so permit me to
say th.it at Albany " as collea^^ues," and on
the noble stream that maiks the northwestern
bounds of ih^'ir counts' " as friends " I ha\e
met Hon. Wiiia.wi |)i,\\i,\-, Hon. \Viiai\M
llur I ia<i iKLo, 1 wiK- jMiiN-roN, Col. W. W.
l",\i)s, Hon. (h:()K(,i. !■',. \ii-r, Hds. ('ii.\s.
R. Sisi\.\KR. Hon. IliAkv Siuc I 1^ Hon.
Wii.i.i.vM M. TiioMxiN and Hon. buiN 1).
I'.l.l.is, re|jresenl,iti\es of the ('ouiil\ nf Jef-
ferson. In ihe role of law-m.d<ers of the
State, 1 pii)n(Uince them all to h.i\e been
faithful, cap.dile and Imnes, in the discharge
of their otfici.d duties. We always n>eet uiih
smiles of welcome and with hearty handshake.
Some of lliLin haw been called, and have not
been found wanting in the faithful M\i\ W(nthy
tlischarge of other public duties.
It would seem proper in this < onni-ction to
mention others of my fclhjw-legislators who
renewed and strengthened the friendship be-
gun at .Mbany by kindly greeting .md min-
gled pleasures on thejuMceful islands of the St,
Lawrence: V\\ IIorx, \'.\n Vai.kkndurcii
and Low followed down, from Niagara's col-
losal leap, her angry waters, until, peaceful
and quiet, they gently laved the shores of the
many island-gems of the (Ireat River; Uukns
and Duciuii), of Onondaga, the " rwo
Cil \ki.ii'.-," I'.AKF.k, of Monroe, and t'iin:K-
kkim;, of Lewis; \V.\kM:i< Mii.i.r.k, of Her-
kimer; (^I^^.|||)^, of (Cattaraugus; .\. .\.
I'AkKKk, of St. Lawrence; A. I!. I Ikiuu'rn,
of the same county; .Mookks, of Clinton, and
l\i.K\, of .Madison. All these may well be
proud of their public records. They have
eacdi enjosed with mv innocent s|iort in the
bdmy air of the River of Rivers.
.\ [irominenl figure on the river for ciany
years was TnKonoRi'. S. Ivwion. I first
knew him in my boyhood-days, as (jne of that
coterie of br,iin\- men — I'AkkKk, l!(;rTKR-
Fii'1,1), (jin.iis and L.\\ri)\ — controlling in
the office or iVom the dri\'er's box those won-
derful lines of post-coaches which radiateil
from Uti .1, reaching Last, West, N'orth and
South, the uttermost parts of our noble State,
just then emerging from a state of nature into
an active, tliri\ing, energetic Commonwealth
of I ivili/.ition and progress. ■riii:(iiii irk S.
I'an IDS' was a prominent fac tor in this march
ot progress, kee'ping ]iai e with the onward
stt'p ; tromthe position of an himdile stage-
drix'er. he reac bed ihe higher rounds of life's
ladder, dying universally honored and deeply
mourned.
In m. irked ccmtrasi, there was another well-
known I'tican. .1 friipient and ever-welcome
visitor; few in the Slate are ignorant of the
name aiul fame of .\.mmi I). Baruour. Lor
many years, as soon as the halls of legislation
were opened to the annual inrush of the peo-
ple's servants, ILvrihu'r, seeking no certificate
trom an avowed constituency, followed in
their w.xkc ,ind quietly, from choice, took his
stand "outside but close U|i to the bulwarks"
— a cool, level-headed mind-reader, wiih a
iiersuasively eloquent tongue and a well-lined
pocket, he forced upon the ignorant or lucre-
loving reiiresentative the course which, not
perhaps leading to glory, would certainlv be
to the "material" profit of the legislator;
active and efficient in the ranks, he was earlv
made his chief of staff by General V veed, and
finally became the undisputed King of the
Lobby. .Apart from his discreditable calling,
ItARiiouR was a man entertaining and inter-
esting ; he was the best posted of all others
I
78
/; s<>or/:.\/A' of ////■: si\ j.,ii\'K/:.\ct-: Ri\/:h\
on the poriical liistory of jiarlies as well as
the inner character of [joliticians, and he had
the rare faculty of an easy and pleasant re-
cital. Above all else, in ])rivate life he was
respected and esteemed by his nei_i;hbors as
upright, honest and ((MTCct in his family and
social relaiions and business dealini^s. lie
was wn enthusiastic angler, but ne\er wooed
the Ihiny peo])le e\ce])t his wonhy wife and
favorite grandson eniianced his enjoyment by
their presence and partici|)ation.
1 have met, with great jileasure and intel-
lectual [)rofil, Judges of every grade, who,
hailing their vacation witli liie hilarity and
abandon of the si hool boy, jiave hastened to
doff the ermine, and ijonning the well-worn
liabiliinents of secular davs, concealing the
dignified brow benealli the broad-brimmed
palm-leaf, hive sought the balniv air and cool
waters of the (Ireat River to recuperate their
jaded minds and weary bodies. l'"irst, in
strict com]iliance with legal rule, and in due
order of judicial i)recedenls, we welco-ne,
marching forward, hand clasped in hand, those
two insep,irai;le disciples of Walton, Chief
Judges Anmukws and Ri'i;Kk, whose names
are written on a more enduring scroll than
this lleeting note. I refrain from marring,
by any attempt of mine, to laud their fame.
We have met the pleasant countenances of
Cai.vin Iv I'kAir and his able .and eccentric
namesake, Danikl. They ea.h worthily rep-
resent the honor, dignity and learning of the
Supreme Court, but they are boys again as
they dart in and out, around and about, tiie
rock-bound and grass-covered islands of the
Great River.
1 must not forget that there resides in the
Summer days, in his tasteful cottage erected
on consecrated ground — he would select no
other — my fellow townsman and friend,
Cii-.DKGK. N. Kr.WF.nv. He needs no eulogy
at my hands, for he is jjroving for himself, by
his untiring industry and a<knowledged jire-
cminence at the bar, the folly of that legisla-
tive di<tum, "that a man's ability and |)ower
for intellec tiial work and honorable toil ceases
at the age of sevenlv years."
I recall two other gentlemen of this grade
of judges — one still in harness — both in de-
served public esteem, whose jileasan' smile
and friendly grip have been seen anil fv-lt on
the waters of the St. i.awrenie, CnAuia'.>
Mason and I'AkiioN C, Williams, Ii was
here that I'l/rKR I!. McLinnan acipiired
that calm mind and sound judgment marking
his course on the bench to-day.
-As Count V Judge .and a colleague in the
Constitutional Convention of '67-S, .Member
of Congress, Secretary of State anil State
Senator, the mere recital of his ot'licial honors
stamp Ho\ii:k \. Nelson, of Dutchess, as an
able and trusted ]ud)lic man, and I can testify
that he was a keen ,ind succe>'^ful .uigler, and,
bv natural sei[uence, a ])olished gentleman.
JkioimI'-, I'liian, of Monroe, was another
fellow member in the Convention ol '07-8,
and the recital of his ofticial positions, all
filled al)l\ and well, are sufticieiit testimony
of his acknowledged worth and chara(aer.
lie has filled the additional positions of ( 'onnty
Jutlge of .Monroe, Territorial Judge of .Min-
nesota, Member of Assembly and Stale Sena-
tor, as well as that of successful angler on the
bonny St. Lawrence. The legal learning,
sound judgment and righteous administration
of justice which marked the judicial lives ot
Judges Van N'ousf, of New \'. irk, and Smiiii,
of Cortland, were ne\er lessened by their
keen appreciation and enji>yment of the un-
eipialed attrai tion of our summer paradise.
Last, but not least, comes the beaming face
of that true hearted and broad minded son of
Madison, once its honored J'ldge, CiIAS. I,.
Kl-.NNKHV.
I had firmly resolved earh in my life on
the river that whenever the opportunity of-
fered to suit my taste and not wholly empty
my pocket, I would
" Ik- riionarcli of all I smvcyiMl,
Willi none my rifilil to <lis|iiile ;
Friiin llic cenler all around to llie sea,
Tin- lord of the fowl and the ImUe" —
in the sliajie of an island in the St, Lawrence.
.My eye always rested lovingly and hopefully
on an island in the broad channel immediatelv
o|)|iosite to and .about one-half mile dis-
tant from the docks of C'layton. In the
•/■///•■ M/:.\ I ii.w'i-: Mi-.r crox mi: cRK.ir ri\I:R.
•* .1*
■i
''native iliiorioi)' " it liad Itccii cluistencd
"Shot liaj^ " to keep company with a near-liy
inland and islet called res]iecii\ely " Powder
ilorn"and " (, 'a|) llo\," each so designated
from its fancied lesemlilance to one of these
necessary appendages to the shot L;un. 1 earh
liecanie ac(piainted with the owner, a gentle-
man hy the name of 1 ,A wki:\(|'., a suc( es^ful
hat, cap and fnr dealer in the cit\ of New \'(irk.
I!y the waw it nn'ght as well lie ndted rigiit
here, that he was an accomplished lU-caster,
his daily catcli of beauties being seldom sec-
ond in number in the friendl)' struggle of the
jovial anglers for jjreeminence. A ])leasant,
genial companion, he is gone never lo return,
but he is not forgotten. To return to my
island. l''or a number of \ears I was advised
that it was not for sale, and other spots were
urged upon my attention, but 1 still hoped for
my first choice, and fina.lly declining health
induced my friend to make me a proposition
lo part with it at tlie price of ,'^400. At
length, conririued in his own belief bv the
judgment of others -whom he considered ex-
perts, that the island would measure at least
four acres, he closed the deal with m\self and
son-in-law, Jami:s A. Ciir.Ni.\-. at ,$100 jier
acre ; and when the suney demonstrated that
,'i<;i7opaid for 1 70-100 of an acre (the area
lit tlie island), with great disappointment,
somewhat forciblv expressed, but with unhesi-
tating adherence to his jiledged v.ord, the
owner executed the deed of transfer. In
f.imily convention — from which I was care-
fully excluded -- the name of "Shot bag"
was dropped, and the newly-acipiired summer
home was rechristened " ("lovernor's Island."
It was never under any " government," but
the deni/ens, adults and < hildren alike, took
in health, hajipiness and all edibles within
reach. There the cannon roared, the llags
waved, the beacons shone, not with hostile
intent, but as a cordial weh ome to the com-
ing, and u kindlv farewell to the de])arling
Irieiul. These pleasant days covered seven-
teen joyous summers. That island is oni' of
the brightest gems that adorn the water-encir-
cled diadem of the (Ireat River. It has now
fallen under the dominion of one who, with
rare taste and skill combined with a jtidicious
expenditure (jf wealth, is constantly adding
new attractions to the wonderful beauties of
America's peerless summer resort. .-V hearty
welcome to ( 'iiAKi.i-.r- (!. IvMi.N'V. Others
have met him on the dreat River, and ue all
trust that many ln|ipy summers still await
him on its restful bosom.
\\'e have not deserted the river of our love
and oil'- pride ; but, a little wearer its source,
on a |)rojecting jioint on old (Iriudstfjiie — -its
primary rocks still showing the deep scars of
the (ilacial Period — " landenwold " displays
its unmatched beauties, and tlie old starry Hag
of ''(lovernor's Island," undimmed, wa\es
over it, and the doors of the same modest but
rcjomy cottage, stand wide ojieii to all friends.
l-',xciise this apparently wide dep.irture
from the original text. It was partly necessi-
tated as a means by which to bring into de-
served notice my friends Law ri:n( i'. and
EMta<v, ,ind partly to authori/e the tise of
my well-filled cottage registry, containing the
names of "men 1 had met uiion the (Ireat
River," thus i. |U\enating a failing inemorv
and rescuing from obli\ion the river history
ot many who should not be forgotten.
The Ri,\-. Dk. Rj-.j-.si', of Albany, was first
met on the river, on the insitle of Si. John's
Island, lighting manfully for and rejoicing over
the capture of his first muskalonge, a beauty
ol over thirty poiiiuls in weight; the occasion
made us fellows, and began (lor me) a pleasant
.icipiaintance, renewed aliiKJst yearly for many
summers past. This ehxpienl di\ine is ever
welcome to Clayton, for he ne\er fails lo in-
terest crowded audiences from the local pulpit
on the apjiointed rest-days from secular labor.
'I'he Doctor is, like all good anglers, whole-
souled, genial and an exceedingly interesting
ra<'onteur.
The Ri'.\. Dk. CAi/niuop, hailing from the
Central City, fulfilling strictly and conscien-
tiously his clerical duties, figures also as astrono-
mer, expert, and peerless billiardist and c hess-
player, and excels in each. While at liome
he (rather too often) reads from the .Sun, dire
storm, destructive blizzard, drenching rain or
parching drouth, his presence in the valley of
f
1
So
./ .M'r/7.\7A' oi Till-: sr. i..ni-h-i:\ri: ia\ i-.u.
the .'-ll, I,a\vi\-iicc al\v:i\ iii-^uiLS u-, iKMiitiriil
sun-shine, placid uatcis, and alioundin^ -anu-
for tlir anuli r.
< Mii-r n|i()ii a linio then' canif Into ilir Ir.-
i-.lali\a' lialN linni tluj hmiu' of ConkluiL; a
u()ith\. Iionc^i man. wIki answered e(|nall\
and rtadily 1m eillu i ol the familiar names oi
" I,' MM I) \\ III "..r "An I I li \kkFi, " C.k \\.
His lieait w a.s set upon llie |ia-,sa-e ol liis (iiii\
Ijill; il was a bill " T,, re-ulale the si/e (if
Apple ]!arreK." I'as^in- tlinm-h the urdeal
(it the appnipriale idinmiltee, il i ante liefure
the I'nll hncly (,f the A-^einlilv fur disc Us>iiin
and amendment. The liaiiulilv liii\>iif ih.a
l)nd\- (illrred and adiipte'd snni.lin ii.( iimpre-
hi'llsihle .nid me(in>isirnl amendnnaUs, tli.it
soon the luine-t did man did imt know " where
he was , It." IJr appe.iled In me — 111 wiidin
he had sdiiuIidu heen allr.K led — In snUe the
dift'icaltx ; 1 nndertmik the ta-k. and smin the
ehairman .innnnneed. ihit "uli.ii w,i>lefi(if
the lull WM-, ordered in he en-rnssed Inr a
third ,ind I'ln il reatlin- ; " vulh hiil-iiiL; e\es
and haled lirealh, I 'nele D \\ in a-ked " wh.it
was letL.- ' lie w.is lil indl\- iiilniined, th.n
the title u.is intact, luit ih.il llie st,l\e^, Imnp-,
,ind heai;-. of the liariel were missiii:,^ lie
was al lir,-.t --oiiiew li.il ini lined in likuiie nie fnr
the I .ilas'rnphy, hut he w.is pei^ii uhd tn \ i^it
ine in m\ summer Imnie, where the l.elhe.in
elt'ei t (if the " pelllK id " w.iter-, and the ele( iric
slH)(d< tr.insmitted tn hi-, Imdv hv the strike of
the h.iss tiirnn-h thi' line allai lied tn hi-, suh-
inerged hunk, cureil limi nf all siispic inn. .md
lie liecaine, and -,lill i-,, niie nf niv uanncNl
friends; hm I ha\e ncc i-,innallv heard him,
when (ivercnme with -,leep. after a lic.iw him h
nil a -rass-c (ixered island, mutter " \\\ ne\i
Apple llarrel Hill shall h.ive the hnnps nailed
nn, and the heads nailed in, ,iiiJ / :,'ill all-iiJ
to il lll\-,lf."
On the river fnr manv years the tnost
m irked man tn he met was a. Mr. Si i n i k,
li'nm \ewliiir-h. 1 le was evident 1\ a uell edu-
cated persnn. ami as a cnnversatinnalist. enter-
lainin- and instructive. Thnugh tnlally blind
he went evervuhcre witlmut a ,L;iiide, with a
firm and assured step. He would w.ilk from
the hotel to the hmdin-. and enter his boat
without aid, ,md he seldom returned at niuht-
fall with a smaller catch of the finny tribe
than a full ,ivera-e (if the return captures of
the d.i\ . Report said that in his business .is
(iesi-ner ,ind m.iniif.icturer of artistic and
decor.ited furniture, he ii.id but i^w eipialsand
no sujieriors.
1 must not omit the military arm of the
N'aiion. My re^^ister records their jiresence
siii-ly and in scpiads, veter.m corjis, and \\<^\-
nients, Keiitiirky colonels and " high jirivates,"
with wavini; banners ,111(1 marli.il music. They
were peacefully inclined, however; the bivouac
and battle-lield were memories. They march
erect and steii iirniidlv to the beat of the drum,
s.ive when temptin.L; fo-'igc^ was uncovered;
then •• double (piiek '" .. d rapid rush broke
down all lines, ;md (lis( ipline was ignored,
hroni the many (few can be named "I'.k ile
l'rin(eps"). stands fnrili the g.ill.int SiO( im,
Nnl on the battle held, but when white-rnbed
pea( e smiled nil the belnved cniintry he fnnght
to save, he laid him down to die. History
will kee;ie\er green the -„icred memory of
thi-- patriot soldier.
Make w.iy fnr the heroic Snipki^ leading to
the peaceliil banks and enticing islands of the
(■real Ri\er the lew reiiiaiiiin- veterans of
that iiobh' regiment, whi( h— when three of its
g.dl.iiit number h.id f.illen wiih the Hag tliev
died to s.ive, raising that starry emblem from
the dying hands n\ its last deft nder. bearing
It prniidly forw.ird— he rallied to \ietorv; the
sods (il the vallev now |irt-ss upon liis breath-
less form, but in th.' memoi\ of the multitude
who but knew him to love him, the iiatriotic
deed-, of (leneral (ii sT.wi s Smi'kk will en-
dure forever.
The name of Ceneral l).\vii-:s stands liiuh
on ihe roll of f.inie among the noted cavalry
leaders in the late Civil W.ir, his ( larion voice
and Hashing sabre gave vie tory to his g: Mant
troopers in man\ a well fought fray; he is the
same general on the waters of the (Irct river;
lool, determined, untiring, he strike, for ihe
roval miiskaloiige, and the trophies tiiat adorn
his wigwam are large in si/e and great in
niiuiber.
rile erect and noble form of the " Hero of
9
I
I
2
•I
I
/■///•; .!//■. A- / //.111- mi:t rroix riir. r,Ri:.\r ri\-i:r.
S3
%
•^
I'lirt I'lsluT " looms aljovL' ilic wa\'cs of Ills
native river; (Iciieral in war, he is now guar-
dian in peaceful days, of that ark ot ;-:;ifety,
(he tJonsiitution of our fathers, he so bravely
helpeil o rescue from destruction, and stands
as St. Lawrence's sentinel on the ram))arts of
ihe Nation's capitol. 'riiough an eye was
I'heerfidiv lost amid the scenes of battle, he
still, will) one, single to his duty, lights bravely
to protect and per[)etuate for his country the
rights so nobly defended on many a bloody
field. .Ml honor and praise to Oeneral Nkw-
niN .Mari'in CuKri>.
There is a "Wviiic'" man, whose counte-
nance isafamilar one on the long reaches and
dee]) bays. Do not be deceived by surmising
that the " I). D." which the name carries with
it stands for " Doctor of Divinity." He is too
wily and a little too wicked for that ; but he
was a good soldier and loy... man when the
nation needeil good siiidiers and loyal men tcj
compel .md ]ierpetuate an unbroken Union,
and he is well entitled to be called " tleneral."
'I'he only bad mark on his character ever dis-
lovered was his attempt to carry off, on a
wager, a basket of cham|)agne, as the rewartl
of the superiority of his catch (with his own
unaided rod and reel), in the number of law-
fully sized bass by one day's fishing, over that
of an antagonist (bound by the same require-
ments). He ai)parently won the match by a
very narrow margin, and announced the vic-
tory to his shouting comrades with wilder
>hc)Uts than theirs. Hut a few hours of sober
relk'ction brought swift repentance, anil on
bended knee he luimbly ('onfessed that a
brother conspirator from one boat and a venal
guide from another, with no regard for law-
ful weight, had tumbled into his craft the
l.irger number of his reputed victims, and he
tearfully, but manfully, rolled into the cottage-
door of his competitor, the coveted prize.
He has been forgiven, and hopes are strong
that by continued repentance of past deeds of
wickedness and firm resolve of an honest fu-
ture he may yet be allowed to write " I). D."
IS well in rear as in front of his patronymic,
and thus wipe out forever any sinister mean-
ing to the honored name of " Wylie."
Seventeen year^ \\.w^ passed .iway since
W'll.l.lAM 11. \' \NI)i:ki;ll,l .iiul the lamented
Wi'.i'i.s IKK U'\(,.\i- K c, line here to spy out tin-
land. IJotli iiave passed to the " beyond."
but their keen business eyes — we have reason
to know — took ill all the beauties and possi-
bilities of the grand pamorama spread before
their \ision, and the fruits of that visit are
clearly noticeable in the increased comfort
and ease of access hither from all parts of the
Union, and under the wise and able manage-
ment of their successors this will not be
abated, but improved and amplified.
Xot clothed in trappings of war but in the
habiliments of jieace, we look on the face and
admire the soldierly bearing of one of the
elite of that crack regiment. New York's only
Jill, C'liKis Woi.i', an island-dweller and ever
a Welcome comrade. The ipiiet, unobtrusive
Hk Ks, with pleasant wife and tlaiiglUer, not
only guards, but makes, with cow and
chicken, homelike aiul enviable, the upper
gate of our archi[ielago.
Scarcely fifty years ago 1,500 of the Thou-
sand Islands of this great ri\er lay ii|)on iis
glassy waters in the garb of Nature's clothing,
save where, on the hirger ones, blackened
slumps marked the incipient effort of the
husbandman or the ruthless swath of the
wood-devouring steamer, then first invading
the peaceful waters. To-day, in tpiiet bower
and shatly nook, on bold promontory or wide-
spread lawn, in single sites and in varving
groups, from lower drenadier to upi)er Wolf,
reaching as an outlying sentinel beyond the
line where lake and river join, tiny cottage
and palatial mansion mark an almost continu-
ous city of grandeur and beauty — the im-
posing Crossmon at one extremity, and the
towering Frontenac midway to the deej) On-
tario, inclose many other gorgeous resting
places as homes for the Hitting sojourner. As
the swift-darting inhabitants below the water's
surface, so on its bosom in almost equal num-
bers shoot hither and thither the ever-restless
steamers — many at stated intervals on regular
duty bound, many with banners flying and
gladsome music, laden with the ])eople from
deserted town and vilhme breathing the
i
84
// sociKxiR OF riih: sv: r..iwRi:\ci-: ri\-i:r.
balmy air and drinking in the gorgeons beau-
tics of tlic (Ircat Rivcr, as with twinkling feet
and ghid shunt ihey greet its glories. Tiie
trim-built, lavishly-furnished, flag-enveloped,
swift-running yachts, alive with their crews of
sumniL-r residents, add to t.'u; wild carnival of
jjleasiire and ha|)|)iness, and human siiout,
shrill whistle, sharp-clanging bell and barbaric
music drive the rightful owners of the waters,
frightened and ahirnud, to the lowest de|iths
and lUirkest caves of their watery kingdom.
Now many of these many men (and lovely
women, too, (iod !)less theml)"l have met
upon the Great River." Time and space alike
forbid a mere recital of their names; I must,
therefore, be content with a brief notice of a
few others who have been foremost, and who
have not yet ceased their loving labors in
adding to Nature's wonderful work on this
unecjualed river.
The widely-known and sincerely lamented
scholar and scribe, the late Dk. Hoi, land, is
with us no longer; but his warm love for his
"Bonny Castle" has descended to his surviv-
ing family, who still enjoy, and each returning
season make more beautiful, the delightful
s[)ot he loved so well.
The HavdI'-.ns, Pii.i.m an, the large-hearted
Brownino, the coal king of the I.ehigh valley,
the denizens of Westminster Park, and many
others, still intent upon gilding the refined
gold of their incomiiarable Day, all bear faces
I have met upon the beautiful River. I have
met many of the men who summer in assured
safety and i)eaceful comfort under the Chris-
tian banner of the itinerant Methodists; among
them my home neighbors, none of whom need
go from their Central City to find witnesses
to their worthy and Christian character.
(Judge Kf.nnkdv I have already named)
Wei;ks, Huldkn, Penn, Lef., Spkague, and
scores of others, are men I am jiroud to say
" I have met upon the Groat River."
I even own u[) that I knew Sam Grinnf.i.i-,
when he pastured his cow on his island, now
studded with many beautiful cottages, and
joyously welcomed the thirsty dwellers on
Prohibition-i.ooo-Island-Park to his choice
dispensary of contraband whisky.
Round Island is peopled with many worthy
f)f notable mention. Across its head, fating
the on-coming waters, stand four dwellings •
I'irst, the modest villa of Dk. W'iiedf.n, the
l)ion(vr of the island-dwellers, followed by
Messrs. IIavks, Va\ Wacdni.n, and Jamks |.
l>K,i,i)K.\, ex-mayor and congressman, who,
applying well-earned wealth with sound judg-
ment and artistic taste to their work of pleas-
ure, have erected houses of comfort and d''-
light, the very •'\ib()(liment of the poet and
the painter's dream of loveliness. Another
chief of the Central City, \Vm. H. K.ikk, has
applied a portion of his wealth to the adorn-
ment of this beautiful island, and these have
found willing ((jmrades to aid in making this
cosy hamlet a beauty spot on the Great River.
As I pen these lines so many faces cr(jwd
ujion r.iy reviving meuKjry, that my task must
be abrujUly closed or it will become endless.
A few m(jreof the multitude of those who de-
serve recognition and I have done.
No one who freipieiits the river can fail to
know that always hilarious crowd, hailing from
Albany, headed by Ji\i Srouv, Joii.n H.
(^iMNiiv, and CiiARi.iK Gav. At home, staid,
steady, model business men. On the ri\er —
never offensive — but fidl to the brim, of fun
and frolic, good anglers and genial companions.
There comes periodically to the river a cpiiet,
unobtrusive but worthy and interesting gentle-
man. It is said that "Good wine needs no
Bush," but a troll on the water and a Uuk h
on the shore are made more enjovable and
satisfying whenever Mk. "Bush," of Buffalo
counts as one of the party.
We entreat l.ic.us Mosf.s to bring back to
the ri\er himself with his delightfid family;
we yearn to hear once more the swish of his
wonderfid cast, as the fly tem])ts the bass to
strike " twenty yards away."'
In writing the name of Mr. Brownini;, of
New York, there came back to me the re-
membrance of his brother-in-law, Mr. Scoit,
who is an annual visitor, seldom failing a
yearly return. .Vlthough a city man, he is
old fashioned in dress and manners, though
never other than a gentleman. Though easily
a|)proachable, he is naturally taciturn; an un-
.1
THE ME.\ I HAVF. MF.T VPOX THE GREAT RIVE,:.
85
tiiiiij; Mnglcr, wind and wave never staying
liiin. C)ne day near tlie head of Hemlock, he
was at anciior still-fishing for bass; a good
si/,e(l perch was hooked, and he rapidly drew
him iij), and was renderetl almost helpless by
the onrush of a tiiirty-poiind muskalonge,
striking for his dangling i)erch. The big
fellow landed with the perch, in the boat, and
with the aid of the guide was killed. .After a
few moments delay, S. , recovered sufficiently
to ejaculate "Gkkai' Siori," the only words
(the guide avers) that he uttered until he
reached the dock at Clayton, three miles away.
Clustered on and around the hoary head of
old Cirindstone, the .Morc.ans and the I.ov-
KLi.s, of New York, have brought refinement
and artistic skill to adorn their summer homes,
and in themselves have added acknowledged
worth to the goodly society of our Summer City.
It would be very wrong and unjust if the
men and women who dwell in inclement win-
ter as well as in gentle summer on the banks
of this world-famed stream were not recorded
among the throng of thosj " I have met upon
the dreat Kiver." In all ranks and condi-
tions among them, they are the hosts and
helpers of their welcome summer visitors;
kind, considerate, helpful, neviT exacting or
mercenary, they are always ready and oblig-
ing. 'I'heir character and conduct are in
marked contrast with the rei)orted greed,
venality and robbery at other noted places of
sunmier resort. I am glad to jiroclaim that I
have met and have learned to respect and
honor these constant dwellers in the valley of
the (Ireat River.
If life and health are spared, I tri st to meet
many old and to greet many new faces in the
coming years, enjoying renovated health and
needed relaxation from the ills and cares of
busy life amid the scenes of grandeur and
beauty nowhere so sure to be found as " Upon
the Great River."
Thomas C. Ai.vord.
Syracuse, March, 1895.
We think no man or woman can rise up
after reading (iovernor .Ai.vord's unitfue and
entirely una[)i)roachal)le remarks upon the
people he has met, without a better feeling
towards all mankind, and a most grateful
sense of appreciation of this honored man,
whose green old age has met with no blight,
and whose frosted head bears no possible in-
dication of any frost of heart. With thousands
who love him and revere his matchless ability,
we reecho his own wish that he may yet be
spared for many years to visit the Great River.
W0
A BONAPARTE IN NORTHERN NEW YORK.
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Mirn ul,o insi sottlcl o„ .,m,1 ,„•,„ iIumk aiM we're ccr,,,inlv ihrfusi i,, mmuhI iIth prais,- :mhI intiu.lMrc
llu'iii lo till' atloiilioil iind kllovvlcduu of ihr Ann i icail people, I
^ III', advcnl of Joseph UoiKiparlo, or C.'oiiiit
• (Ir SiMvillirr^ (.1-, liciloircd lo he known),
inlo NorilnTu New \'ork and upon the Si.
I,.iu rem e, i-- scaic el\ e\pLiinal)le wilhoiil some
rderenie li\' way of inlrochntion to Connt
J \\\)i'^ Don alien l.e kayile (.'h.uimoiit. w ho wa-.
lie -.on of I'ount 1 )onatien l.e K:i\', the intiniale
liiend of I'rankhn ,nid .\il,inis, and .Morris,
and a devoteil adherent to the hntunes of the
L'nited States, who in a lime of the utmost
need imperiled his ,L;reat fortune b\ eomini; to
niir assistance, lie it w.is who sent .i ship-
load of ]iowder lo iSoston; who furnished
I hilhinn for l.a hayette's ,irm\-. .< ,d I'liied c ut
tliree \essels of war lo join ihe iKet under
Commodore Jean i'.ud Jones.
l're\ ious to the ele\ation of Joseph iloaa-
l)arle lo the thrones, lirsl of N'.iph's and liun
of Spain, he and young l.e Ray were students
at tlic cclehrati'd scdiool of JuiUv, ne.ir Paris;
here their acipiaintanee ripened inlo ,in inti-
niaey whiidi, although inteiriipted hv suec eed-
ing events, did not whollv <ea>e. and so we
find it renewed at :i time when the friend--hi|,'
of a l.e Ray was not lo l)e despised, I'ven hv
a llonaparte, though iwicea king. The young
I.e Ray, intimate at his f.ither's house with
sill ii men as I'r.inklin, .Vd.uns and Morris, liad
e.irly learned lessons of Republican wisdom,
and understood how lo sympathi/e with the
infant Stales in iheir struggle for freedom.
His intercourse with these gifted st.itesmen
Old much to jierfect a rharartcr nnlurnlly
siipeiioi-, and of whi( h an intim.ite .k ipiainl-
anie wrote in after years as follows; " lie had
a strong mind, great penetration, sound iud,g-
inent, a warm and affectionate heart, and a
noMe soul. lie was guided ihrotigh life by a
high and ( hivalrous integrity." It was related
that on one oc a .ision a differiaice arose between
ihei'Ider l.e R.iy and Robert Morris, then at
the court ,,f I'rance. .\n iim|iire was to be
chosen, .111(1 Rohert Morris at once selected
Mr. I,e Ri\'s own son; the ( ase was stated,
and a dec iMon in favcr of Mr. Morris was the
lesiilt. I in- c iti/ens of Jefferson and Lewis
counties, .\, \ ., owe much of their prosjieritv
lo his enlightened and liberal mana,genient;
and lev ihe ciii/ens of Jefferson county esjieci-
allv he is allec tionately remembered for his
liublic-spiriled improvements, his dignified
and courteous demeanor, and the svmpalhy
he never faihal to express, not onl\ in words,
but |jr.i( lically, for whatever ( oncerneil the
public: welfare. He fully syinpathi/ed with
all ih.ii his faiiier did to aid the colonies in
their struggle wiih ('.real liritain, and upon
him it lin.illy devolved lo effect a settlement
with them. It was a lask of great diflicidly.
The depreciation of paper money, and the
differing currencies of the States, were ob-
stacles .almost insiirmounlnble. Tearing liim-
sell from the sediiclifms of the most elegant
c iiurl in luirope, ami from the near prospect
1
./ /!().\.tr.lRir. /X .\( 'A' /•//A'A'A' ,\7 H" li'A'A'.
89
I
of ;i hrilli.int marriage, he sailed (bi the I iiitcd
Slates, to ilistiiit^iiished ( iti/.eiis ol" wliich
l''iaiiklin had j^iveii liiiii letters; and yet, not-
withstanding liis talents and enerj^y, sirenj^th-
cncd hy all the inlliieme of Iranklin, and
.Morris, and A(lani>, it was not until 17.S0 that
a Settlement was effe< led ; just in tiini' to save
his father from a luimilialin,'; l)ankru|>t( y .
While in the I'niied Slates he became ac-
qiiainted witii two men who l.ir;4ely inlliienced
his sul)se(|uent career, — (louverneur Morris
and Count de I, a Foret, Consul-Cieiieral of
France, — who i'uhiced him to make heavy
purchases of land In company with the
latter, lie purchaseij a large tra<t in Otse^^o
county, and estahlished as his agent there
Judge Cooper, father of the great novelist.
With the former lie made extensive i)ur-
chases in Xorthern New York, and h) reason
of these purchases it was that Joseph iiona-
parte <ame upon the scene. In 1790, young
Le Ray became a naturalized <iti/en of the
United States, and married the daughter of
(Charles Coxe, l'^s(| , of New Jersey, returning
to h'rance the same year. IJetween that and
iSio, he iiad several times visited tiie United
States ; returning to France in that year, he
settled ui)on his estates in Touraine. and busied
himself in settling his affairs in Northern New
York. The last meeting for more than a
decade between young Le Ray and Joseph
Honaparte, was on the occasion of the signing
of the treaty between F'rance and the I'nited
States at Morte F^ontaine, Sei)tember 30, 1800,
at which time they dined together. Fifteen
years Later came the downfall of Najioleon,
and with him tliat of his family. Hearing
tiiat Joseph was at Hiois, M' Le Ray hastened
to offer his friendship. He was warmly wel-
comed, and the intimacy of former years was
renewed.
One day while at dinner, a train of wagons
l)assed the window near which they were
silting. Joseph, turning to jM' Le Ray, said:
" Mon ami, I remember that you have spoken
to me of your large possessions in the United
States. Do you still hold them? If so, I
should like to exchange for a part of them
some of the silver that 1 have in those wagons,
which may be pillaged .il anv moment. Take
four or five humlred thou-.. mil francs, and give
me the ei|uivalenl in hind." Thin NF Le Ray
ile( lined, saying: " It is impossible to make a
birg.iin where I alone know the facts, "Oh,"
s;iid Joseph, " I know you well, and I rely
nio.e upon your word than u|).in my own
judgmenl."
.\ bargain was soon entered into, the terms
of which were, that for 200,000 francs the
elder Le Ray would give Joseph lionaparti- a
letter to his son \'incent, then in the L'nited
States, instructing him to show to the ex-king
a certain tract ; when, if approved of by him
after seeing it, the sale wouhl be confirmed.
If not approved, the money was to be returned.
The bargain was consummated with a slight
change in the terms of payment.
Some writers have asserted that Jose] ''
Bona|)arte's farewell to F'rance was an esca-
pade ; but whether true or not, he reached
the United States in 1815, and Northern New
\'ork in 1818. Of his career in New Jersey
and elsewhere, this account has nothing to do,
as it proposes to deal with his affairs in
Northern New York and not elsewhere, unless
it may be incidentally. On arriving in the
United States he assumed the title of Count
de Survilliers, by which name and title only
he desired to be known. His purchase in-
cluded the greater part of the town of Diana,
in Lewis county, together with portions of
several towns in Jefferson county, lying prin-
cipally in the valley of the Black River and on
the shores of I>ake Ontario and the St. Law-
rence river; the whole amounting to 150,000
acres, which was jiaid for in diamonds and
silver. Subse(inently, owing to the fact that
diamonds had fallen to half their former value
in market, other arrangements were entered
into, and in 1820 the count accepted a tract
of 26,840 acres, for which he paid $40,260.
He now memorialized the Legislature of
New York to grant him the ])rivilege of hold-
ing titles in his own name. In his memorial,
he says: " Not being of the number of those
who would wish to abandon this land of hos|)i-
tality, where the best rights of man prevail, I
am nevertheless bound to my own country by
90
A sori'/:.y/A' or the sr. lawkkxc/-: r/ver.
ties wliicli misiortunes reiukM- sacred.'" The
privileji;!,- solicited was granted by a special ai t,
hearing tlate March ^51, 1S25. llavini; ac-
(|uired his titles, the ex-king began tn explore
his jiossessions; and it is told of him that wlan-
ever it was possible, he traveled in great state.
Under any eirciinistaiices, his private secre-
tary, M. C'arot, his cook, butler, valet and
page constituted ln\ suite; these, with the ser-
vants of his guests, of whom he usuaoy enter-
tained several, made uj) a train, which, in the
eyes of the simple backwoodsnuai of those days,
formed a jiageant long to be remembered.
Those were the times when die old country
tavern was in the ascendant ; and how to
dispose of such a retinue, became at times a
jiroblem too intricate for the rural host to
solve.
On one occasion, when on his way to spend
the winter in New York and l'hiladeli)hia, his
train was unusually large, having for his guests,
Count I'ierre I'ranrois Real, who was Chef de
I'olice under the I''an|ieror, and who then li\ed
at C'ape X'incent, Jefferson county : I'aiimanuel
('ount de Cirouchy ami (leneral Desfurneau.x,
who, with their attendants, were also going to
the metropolis, together with several distin-
guished gentlemen from Albany, who had been
guests of Count Sur\illiers at llonaparte lake.
They halted in the evening at a well-known hos-
telry in the Mohawk \ alley, kept I;- a sturdy old
Dutchman. As was by no means uncommon
among those wlio were in company with ('ount
Survilliers, a night of revelry followed; a kingly
revel, where the guests were served <m silver
by I'arisian waiters. The choicest vintages
were served in \'enetian-eut glass, and the
costliest teas and coffees in Sevres china.
I''irst, drinking to the idol of their hearts, him
who was even then breaking his heart against
the bars of St. Helena, and whom the\' seldom
for a moment forgot, they gave way to amuse-
ment and hilarity. Song and story followed
in rapid succession, witticisms sparkled like
the bead upon their champagne, while the
worthy host, called here and there, often two
ways at the same moment, was half cra/ed.
and wholly bewildered. In the morning
M. Carot, the Count's private secretary, c.dled
upon the landlord to present his bill. This
was ,1 poser; never before in that house, had a
bill of items been asked for, but the crisis had
come, aiul it must be met: and so the worthy
I'oniface, groaning over the unwonted mental
exertion reipiired, set slowly a.bout his task.
.•\ided by the "good frouw," whose ipialifica-
tions as an accountant, were, if possible, fewer
than his own, he llnally, with much mental
trawiil, produced a bill which seemed to meet
the reipiirements; and with some tre]iidation
in his manner, he presented it to M. l!arot.
It was a bill for !«;2oo. The astute secretary
detected the exorbitant charges at a glance,
and looked witli dismay upon the fmal footing,
the manifest result of an attem[)t to divide a
Luge sum total among a few items only; the
house as a m.uter of fact, having contributed
but very little toward the entertainment.
Noticing the look upon his secretary's face,
Count Survillijrs dem nided to see the bill.
It was h.mded to him, and thence ran the
guanllet of the merry company, who, shouting
with laughter at Mynheer's uniipie spe'-imen
f)f bookkeeping, nevertheless protested ag.unst
his outrageous charges ; which, allowing him
the highest possible jjrices for labor and sup-
jilies, would scarcely amount to 850. The
bill was returned to the landlord, and the ex-
orbitant charges pointed out; in process of
time an amended dl was brought in, which
cont.iined a very lairly itenii/ed account
amounting 10 $50, after which followed the
crowning entry: " To making in mine house
one d (I fuss, , SI 50," — thus triumiih:nuly
sustaining the origir.al grand total. Saying
"chea]) enough, too," the ex-king ordered
M. (^irot, to settle the bill. i''or m:uiy years
thereafter that same bill was in the jjossession
of one of Albany's most distinguished citi/.ens,
who fre(|uentlv exhibited it to his friends as a
"model .Moll, wk-valley tavern bill."
{'ount Survilliers made a number of im-
provements in various pans of his dom.iin, and
exjiended nione\' with a princely liberality,
thereby benefiting many a ])oor man, who in
those days woidd otherwise ha\e handled
money but rarely. .\t Natural Hridge, he
erected :i large framed house, with all the con-
A JtOXA/'Ah'TI: l.\ .\0A-/7//:a\V .V/.W ) CA'A'.
91
venieiU acressoiiL's of ;i i^iMitlciiKin's summer
residoiui' aiul liiinislu'd it il n.iiitly at a j^rcat
c\|i(.'iisc'. Here, lor several seasons, llie ex-
kiiv^ kej)! open lioiise, and was visited at limes
li\- some of those whom, in iiis days of regal
pomp and power, he had entertained at court
in Naples and in Madrid. Amnnt; the more
constant of his i^uesls, however, were Count
Real; the Peuj;net brothers, I,ouis, Hyacinthe
and I'heophihis; Louis, having; been a captain
in the I'anperor's body j^uard, an ol'ticer of the
corps d'elile; still wore the cross of the Legion
d'llor.neur, |)laced u]>on his breast by the L'-m-
peror's own hand; Cieneral Holland, tlount
Real's son-in-law ('ol. Jermoux, C'amille
Armand, and others, all livini; at Ca])e Vincent,
where M. Le Ray had founded a ])rosperoiis
\illage and erected a stately mansif)n, now the
property of Mrs. Beaufort, and her sister. Miss
Emeline I'eunnet, daughters of Captain Louis
Peugnet ; estimable, refined ladies are they,
well known far beyoiul the bounds of their
village-home.
There are many circumstances which ren-
der it probable that these re-unions, in which
i\r Le Kay was by no means the least honored
guest, and which he often reciprocated by
gathering the entire company under his own
roof, either in his stalely chateau at Le kays-
\ille, or in his house at Cape \'incent, were
for the purpose of discussing matters of much
greater importance than <lis(piisiiions on mat-
ters piscatorial, or the art of venery; although
hunting and llshiiig was the ostensible object.
The woods abounded in game, and tln' streams
and the lakes with fish. A beautiful lake of
some 1200 acres area, abounding in the
c:hoicest varieties of llsh, and forming a iKirl
of the Count's ilomain, was but a few miles
from his mansion, at Natural Bridge. \. \.
It is a beautiful sheet of water, with bold and
rocky shores, its surface sprinkled with isl.md
geins, — an archii)elago in minature. On ,in
eminence overlooking its shores the Count
erected a <'ommodioiis hunting lodge, and
opened a road from the f)ld State Turnpike
to the lake, on which boats were launched and
every possible convenience pnnided for both
hunting and fishing, of which sport- die
Count was extremly fond; and yet, to use the
|)hraseology of a man who worked on the
building mentioned, and who r-i yet living at
N.itural T.ridge: "'They didn't seem to hunt
and fish much a'ter .ill." This charming lake
(llona|)arte, now named) is now the property
of lion. Joseph I'ahud, a superior and most
interesting gentleman, and he has erected a
neat hotel there, a \er\ paradise for anyone
desiring rest, condjined witli llsh and game.
'That a scheme was formed to rescue the
Emperor from the custody of Sir lluds(m
Lowe, and s|iirit him away to the I'niled
Slates, there can now be no doubt. 'The
I'reiK h residents of Ca])e \'incent, .ifter the
news of Napoleon's death was received, did
not hesitate to a\()w that such had been
their purpose. A well-known American naval
commander, whose reputation for courage,
skill aiul daring, even to recklessness at times,
could not lie (piesiioned, was to have aided
llie scheme; and with his help, they hoped to
succeed. It is also highly i)rol)al)le that, in
some w.iy, the exiles on St. Helena were made
aware of the elfmts on foot to secure their
liber.ition. A letter written by Count Ber-
trand to Jose|ih Bonaparte on the death of
the iMiiperor, after announcing the satl e\ent,
says of him: " 'The hope of lea\ ing this dread-
ful country often presented itself to his imagi-
nation. Some newspajier articles added to,
and excited our expectations. We soinetimes
f.incied that we were on the eve of starting
lor .Vinerica ; we read travels ; we maile |>lans;
we arrived at your house; we wandered ov'T
that great country, where alone we miglii
hope to enjoy liberty. Vain hopes ! \'ain
projects I which only made us doubly feci our
misf()rtunes. "
That t'ount Real erected a house at Cape
\'incent for the reception of his adored Chief,
is so well known in that locality that it "goes
without saving; " and also that during its erec-
tion. Count Survilliers was oftener a visitor at
Cape \'incent than at any other time. 'Then,
too, his constant communication with this band
of enthusiastic impel'. dists, and es|)ecially with
Professor I'igeon, who was Private Secretary
to C'ouiit Real, and who, no doubt, wrote every
92
A SOUVEAUR OF Tllf: ST. I.AWREXCE RIVER.
fi \
\\
letter and every communication of wiiatever
nature relating to their secret plans.
It was I'rof. Pigeon who took a vow never
to cover his head while Napoleon was a pris-
oner ; and notwithstandmg the severity of the
winters in Northern New Vork, he steatlfasily
adiiered to his resolution until the death of
the iMiiperor released him from his vow.
During Josepii lionaparte's hist visit to
lionapartc Lake, a tragedy occurred that, for
some lime, threw a gloom over his daily life,
which seemed impossible for him to shake off.
Not far from Monaiiarte Lake is Cireen Lake,
a body of water not half the size of ISonaparte
Lake, and as dismal, gloomy and repulsive as
the other is delightful. Its shores are bold
and rocky; and owing to a mass of fallen tim-
ber, which forms an almost impenetrable
cheveaux de frieze around it, it is very difficult
of access. Not far from the water's edge, at
a ])oint where the rocky wall almost reaches
it, is a cave so dark and dismal that it became
known as the "Cave of the Sepulchre," a
name which a subsequent occurrence served
to establish more completely, if possible, than
it was before.
Among the attendants of the count, was a
young J"'renchman nameil Jean Vallois, who
paid marked attention to the daughter of a
French settler living in the vicinity. She was
a beautiful girl, and it was not long liefore
they were almost inseiiarable. It was espe-
cially their delight to take a boat and row
away together among the islands, or climb the
rocks to find some new view on which to
feast their eyes. Count Survilliers was him-
self too fond of the fair sex to put any re-
straint on the loves of his followers, and so
the liaison went on uninterru])ted until it be-
came ai)|)arent to all that a climax was not far
distant. One day the young people an-
nounced their intention to visit dreen Lake,
which was but a short distance away. They
were never seen again. Days lengthened into
weeks, and weeks into months, and yet no
trace of them was found. The woods were
scoured far and wide in every direction, and
the waters of dreen Lake dragged in vain.
Years sped on, and finally the old Frenchman
and his wife died, and gradually the occur-
rence f.ided from rei ollection. In 1S50 a
party iif hunters conceived the idea of explor-
ing the Cave of the Sepulcher. Providing
themselves with an abundance of material for
lights and whatever else they deemed neces-
sary, the e\pl(, ration was made. Among the
rubbish in the bottom of the cave some bones
were found, which were thought to be those
of ,in animal. One of the jiarty, however, in
looking closer, iliscovered a human skull, and
further search revealed another ; then some
little 'inkets were found ; and finally a .Span-
ish gold coin, on one siile of which was
stamped the head of Joseph Ponaparte.
When these facts became known, it was re-
membered that Count Survilliers had often
presented similar pieces to members of his
suite, and to particular friends as souvenirs of
some special occasion. This fact coupled
with the medical testimony, that one of the
skulls found belonged to a male and the other
to a female, made the conclusion almost irre-
sistible that these were none other than the
remains of Jean Vallois and the I''re;u:h
maiden so soon to become a mother. Whether
it was deliberate suicide on the jiart of lioth,
or whether they fell victims to a beast of
(Hey, will never be known so far as human
knowledge is concerned.
It would seem that a fondness for the fair
sex was the dominant weakness of Count
Survilliers. The story of his marriage to the
little (Quakeress of Hordentown, N. J., .An-
nette Savage, has been told so often and in so
many ways that it is now difficult to get at
the real facts. It has been asserted that he
contracted another marriage du covenance,
in Philadelphia; but it is now known that the
reputed Philadelphia wife was no other than
the liordentown lady; no longer Countess
Survilliers, but Madame Delafolie. The re-
sult of that marriage was a beautiful daughter,
who was named t'aroline Delafolie, and who
afterward married Col. Z. Howard llenton, by
whom she had two children, Josephine and
Josejjh Ponaparte P.enton. It was the ruling
desire of Mrs. (Caroline Penton's life to be
acknowledged by the 1! >naparte family; and
J-
I 1
I ,
A nO.\'.U\UrfF. L\ AVVr/V/AVv'A' AVf/r IVVi'A'.
93
.1
wliun I.ouis Xnpolcon nscencied the tliroiic
she journeyed to Paris, lioping to accomplish
lier purpose, and she is said to have succeeded.
In Haddock's History of Jefferson county,
]). 440, tills sujjjei t is fairly handled. Through
the kindness of Minister Wasiiburn she was
admitted to an aiiilience with the I^niperor,
who received her favorably. On their return to
the United States they gave glowing accounts
of their reception at court, and of the appoint-
ment of their daugiiter Josephine to the posi-
tion of maid of honor to the I-',m|)ress luigenie.
The disastrous termination of the Franco-
I'russian war forever ended any hopes that
centered on Louis Xajxileon. however willing
he might have Ijeen to aid his kinsfolk.
There is a house yet standing in Evans'
Mills which Count Survilliers erected for
Madame Delafolie, and his summer residence
at Natural Bridge is shown upon another page.
He also built a stone liouse on the shore of
Perch Lake, in the town of Pamelia, N. Y.
'I'his was also richly furnislied throughout ;
the fireplaces were fitted with marble mantels,
and the whole house was finished t(j corres-
pond. This was intended for a winter resi-
dence, being within easy reach of his friends
at Cajjc \ incent, and of the chateau of
M. de Le Ray, at Le Raysville. This i)arl
of his domain was afterward sold to John
La Farge, another l''rench emigre, liut now
scarcely one stone stands ui)on ano'her to
m.irk what was once the dwelling of royalty.
.\ nei)liew of Count Survilliers, Joac him Murat,
was a fretiuent guest of his uncle, who ])re-
sented him with a tract of land lying between
the i)resent villages of .\ntwerp and 'I'lieresa.
Here the young man began business on a
large scale. He caused a canal to be dug,
a dam was built on Indian river, and a mill
erected, a storehouse and dwellings put up, a
town laid out on a grand scale, and every
preparation made for a city in the wilderness,
but it failed to materialize. \Vhile the young
Murat possessed all the natural proclivities
which constitute the modern " boomer," he
was half a century in advance of the times;
settlers failed to come, the development of the
country was slow, the locality was olf the
natural lines of communication, so that after
the exiienditure of a fortune, he was forced
to abandon the enter[)rise, and now but little
remains to indicate the spot where In- fondly
hoped to rear the llourishing city of "Joachim "
In 1833, or it may be in the spring of 1834,
Josejjh l!ona])arte returned to France, and
Northern New York knew him no more. In
1835 his agent. Judge Josei)h lioyer, sold all
his remaining lands in Jefferson and Lewis
counties to John La Farge. At this time,
political events in France ajiparently favored
a reinstatement of the Bonaparte family, and
Count Survilliers, hopeful that the next turn
of the political wheel would bring the liona-
partes to the surface, was anxious to be where
his greatest interests lay, and where his per-
sonal efforts might be of some avail. With
the sal of his landed estates, his interests in
a country where, to use his own expression,
"'i'lie best rights (jf man prevail," entirely
ceased. Some three or four old men are yet
alive,* who, in the capacity of guides or
laborers for the ex-king, can relate some anec-
dote of him ; but of his real li ■ while in
Northern New York, scarce anything is pub-
licly known beyond what is embodied in
this brief sketch. Of one who was king of
Naples, who sat on the throne of Spain, whose
brother was ar. emi)eror, and wore the diadem
of the Ca;sars, and whose acts have filled
more pages of history than did those of Alex-
ander the Great, it seems trilling indeed.
* In Haddock's History of Jfirerson county, cited al)ove, he mentions Hon. L. I.ncalls, tlic veteran
tdilDi, c)f Watcriown, N. Y.. and Mr. Hi..\m iiakh, of Natural Bridge, as well remembering Joseph Bona-
p.ute. Ml, Im;\i IS wns ilicn a boy. and iccollecis the cx-king as a fal, full-chested, pleasant old man,
dcligliiing 10 sit in his doorway of a summer iveiiiiig and llirmv pennies by handsful among the boys, to see
them scramble and tight for tiiem. Mr. Bi an( 11 auh is past iiiiicly, but is a remarkably bright old gentleman.
He worked for the ex king upon ilic Natural bridge dwelling, and tells how loseph would don the dress of a
workman, when the lit look him, and work in lathing the house, pieparatory to plastering. He asserts that
the e.\ king was coni|)aiiionabIe and agreeable, and le.tdily approachable, always charit.ibli^ and considerate,
1
THE MYSTERY OF MAPLE ISLAND.
I'^ M \ l"l< I. H. Dl'KllAM.
')li, ill, 11 I well' ,1 |i.iiillc'r '.
A lillinn giiidr lo l)C\ iiiio
\W\ ^'''■''' '■"^'■•^^'". "II »l"t-li llK- tra-cdy
I I which I ainalioiii to nlalc look [ilacc,
lies a liltic bryond thu main stcamlioat chaniK'l
nil the Anieiii an side, ahmiM in from of, and
in plain view lioni the balconies of the
" FronteihH " on Round I^lalld. It has an
area of about six acres, and a high ridge ex-
tends ac ross it from east to west, or nearly so,
whi'h is inclined to be |ireci|iitous on the
north and north-west. l''or the most part, the
island is covered by a thick undergrowth with
hero and there a few larger trees, excepting
on the south side of the dividing ridge, where
the timber has been cut awav, leaving a tri-
angular shaped clearing with its apex at the
top of the ridge. 'I'here is nothing about it to
attract especial attention.
Some time siiue, while glancing through
the columns of (.'layton's newsv weekly. On
the St. [.awrence. I lighted upon a brief ,irti-
I le which at (Mice engrossed my attention. At
ihi> date I <-.'.Mnot give more than the sub-
stance of tiie sketch, having mislaid the clip-
ping mule at the time; but if my niemorv
serves me It was headed: "The Tragedv of
^f'M'l'' l-^laml :" at all events, if not this in
exact terms, it conveyed the idea so forciblv
that I read and re-read the article, vainly Irv-
ing to recall something ih.n I had read before,
which in .1 vague, shadowy way seemed <on-
nected with it. I'lie substance of the article
in (piestion is as follows :
in the summer of i,S65, in the early part of
.lune, a stranger m ide his a|ipearam e at the
wlio coiilil a piriiii, Mi.ikc,
lliis Island iiivsleiv.
hotel in the little hamlet of ImsIum's Landing,
on the east bank of the St. Lawrence river,
below Round Lsland, ,ind opposite Thousaiul
Island I'ark, which at that time had no exist-
ence. It was a singular fact that althongh he
grive a name, which is not now remembered,
he never signed the hotel register.
He was a broad-shouldereil, dark-haired
man, moustache and goatee, genteelly dressed,
evidently not more than twenty-five years of
a,ge, probably less; of very agreeable manners,
but very reticnt, and with the characteristics
of .1 Southerner. He s|.ent his time chiefly in
looking about the country, visiting, at times,
the little village of Omar, and rowing in a
skiff .imong the adjoining islands. He finally
announced his intention of erecting a cabin on
(Hie of the islands, the better to enioy his
fivorite iiastime of fishing. He selected
.Maple Island as his jdace of residence, and
at CKiyton he |iiirchase(l lumber and all the
necessary materi.ils tor the structure, hired
them transported to the island, engaged work-
men lo build it. bought a skiff with its oi:tfit,
and the liirniture necessary for housekeeping,
and in a short time occupied his island domi-
cile. His food supplies — bread, butter, eggs,
milk and vegetables — were obtained from
firmers on Cirindsione Isl.md, and his gro-
ceries from Cl.ivton. He made no intimate
ac.piaintances, though, if a ch.ince caller vis-
ited him. which was but seldom, he w.is treated
coiirteouslv, but never invited to rejieat the
tall. He was known to have cpiile .i store of
J
^
i
77/ A' MYSTERY OF MAPLE I SLA SO.
97
I
hooks, atiil to amuse himself hy phiying iii)on
the violin, as the strains uf one were often
heard proceeding from his cahin, which stood
in a dense thicket against a wall of rock, and
so hidden that it could not be seen from a
l)assing skiff. The summer months sped
away, and so (piiet and undemonstrative was
the stranger that he would have been almost
entirely forgotten but for his semi-occasional
visits to Clayton for sup|)iics.
Very early in the autumn, and it may have
been during the last days of August, several
strangers made their appearance on the river,
stopping for a time at Alexandria Jlay, at
Fisher's l,anding, and at Clayton. As it was
nothing unusual to see strangers at these
jilaces, no especial notice was taken of them
further than that they all seemed to be
Southerners. Itut tor subsequent events, this
would not have been remarked, as it was by
no means an unusual thing for Southerners to
\isit the Thousand Islands, i)rominent even
then as a resort for those who affected the
rod and gun.
ISut an event took i)lace which arrested the
attention and aroused the sympathy of the
l)eople ; a bloody mystery, which to-day is
almost as great a mystery as ever, and one
which will, in all probability, never be fully
solved, until the day when all mysteries shall
be made clear.
It was in September; the loveliest montii on
the St. Lawrence. As the i)oet Reade,
sings: —
" The season where thi; light of dreams
.Vrounil the year in golden glory lies; —
'I'liu heavens arc lull of llouting mysteries,
.\nd down the lake tlie veiled S|)k'ndor beanisl
Like liiddcn poets lie the hn/.y streams.
Mantled with mysteries of their own romance.
While scarce a bre.^th distiirbes their drowsy trance."
It was on such an evening that a bright
light was seen by residents of Clayton, on
.Maple Island. It was conjectured at once
that the Hermit's cabin had caught fire, but
as it was im[)ossible to reach him in time to be
of any assistance, and ai)i)rehending no per-
son. il danger to him, but little thought was
given to the occurrence; further than that he
was expected to come ashore for lodgings at a
hotel; but as he did not come within a reason-
able time, it was thought that he had rowed
over totirindstone Islanil, or down toCirenell's
tavern, which stood where the I'ullman
Hotel now stands, and so nothing more was
thought of the matter that night.
The next m(3rning, some fishermen went
ashore on Maple Island, and visited the spot
where the cabin stood. They saw at once
that something unusual had occurred. The
ground was tramped as with many feet. Evi-
dences of a desperate struggle were on every
hand. Traces of blood were found on the
bushes, and then robbery and murder was
suspected. .\ careful search was instituted,
and finally the body of the unfortunate occu-
pant was found near the water's edge, on the
lower end of the island. His throat was cut
from ear to ear, and a knife thrust had nearly
severed the heart. There was no clothing on
the botly except a pair of drawers, and across
the b;east three crosses were cut in a triangle,
one cross forming its apex, and two its base.
To the discovers of the body, these had no
especial significance. They saw nothing
beyond plain murder and robbery. It might
have been stated before, that the deceased
was known to have plenty of money. He had
always been a i)rompt and liberal paymaster,
and whenever it had been necessary, owing to
a lack of .\merican money, he had offered
iMiglish gold in payment for his purchases ;
and so, that he was murdered solely for his
money, was the prevailing idea, and no signifi-
cance attached to the crosses ; and yet, these
anil these alone, furnished the (lew which has
nearly succeetled in tracing out the mystery.
The coroner was summoned, and after a
patient examination, the princ i[)al facts as
above stated were brought out, and a verdict
rendered accordingly. The body was decently
buried, the occurrence created a "nine day's
wonder," and then passed out of mind ; and
but for the meager statement in the newspaper
referred to, it would have never been revived,
as there is to-day but one or two persons living
who had an actual knowledge of the facts
,U)ove stated. It must not lie supposed that
^s
.■; .s('r/7;.\/A' <)/■• riii: s/: /..i irA-A.xij-: avcaa'
il
i1k' iH'\v>|i,i|n.-r aitii K' ( oiit.iiiR'il ,i iciUli p.irt
ol' what i-. .lire. ul\' ri'l.U'.'d. It w.is liy close
and lur^i^lL■nt seaicli and ( .udid inc|uiry, that
these additional (acts were ^leane<l, .■md they
.ire I 'resented lure a^ .i re.ison I'cjr, and .m in-
trodiK tion to, wli.it I(j1Io\vs :
It w.u the month ot' April, 1S65. 'The n.ition
w IS jubilant. The lonu; and bloody i onllie!
h.id closed, and joy reigned trinniphant every-
where. 'l'\\c country w.ts ubla/e with bonhres,
.md nr.ind illuiniii.itions turned nij^hl into day.
The evening splendors of the National Cijiital
were unsurpassed, and ihei^r.ind illiiMiinations
vere mule still more gorgeous by the (iisjil.iy
f)! I'ireworks. liands of music serenaded the
President, whose congratulatory speeches it
seemed to n),in\' were tinged with a shade of
nu'l.incholv. lint .t d.iy w.is .u hand ; a day
of gloom, and of d.irkness, and of woe, iin-
p ir.illeled in the history of the workl. Were
it not necessary, by reason of their being an
import. mt f.utor in this narrative, the sad
events whii h iilungetl a nation into mourning
and lamjnlaliim would not be here rehearsed.
Tlu' inexpressible sadness which jiervaded
every ( ouiiten.mce at the news of the ass.issina-
tion of Abr.iham I/incoln, was an index tothe
heartfelt p.iin within ; and even now, though
thirty years h.ive rolled into the dim and misty
|j.Ht, 1 am Mn.d)le to rec.iU the terrible event,
miu h less to transcribe, however brielly, its
salient features, without e.\periencing again
that fe.irful shock, which, like an elei 1 1 • ( tir-
rent laden with woe and dr.iped with disaster,
ran from man to man and from camp to i amp
throughout our lines at Raleigh, where the
(orjis to whi<'h the writer belonged was
stationed. It was the same everywhere. All
n.iture seeme<l clad in the habiliments of woe.
( >n the evening of the 14th day of .\]iril,
i.S6s, the play "Our .\merii;,in Cousin " was
in i>rogress at l''ord's Theater, on Tenth
street, just above K street, Washington, I). ('. ;
a large, plain brick edifice, now converted into
a museum of war relics. In honor of the oc-
casion ,ind of the d.iy's rejoicing, because
the folds of the Nation's Flag had that day
been once again flung to the breeze above
tiie shattered ramparts of Fort Sumter, Presi-
dent I.iiHdIn was toiHiiipy the " Presidential
box," which consisted of ihe two upper boxes
on the left of the stage throw n into one. The
box on th.it memor.ible evening was oci upicd
by the President and .Mrs. Lincoln, M.ijor R.
M. R.ithboneand Miss Cl.ir.i H. Harris 'Ihe
house, holding nearly three ihoiis.md peojile,
w.is tilled with the we.illli ami f.ishion of the
city.
.\t .about ro o'clock, when the second si eiie
of ihe third act was on, a stranger worked his
way into the proscenium box occupieil by the
Presidential party, and leveling a jtistol close
to the head of Mr. Lincoln, he I'ired ; then
drawing a knife he inllii ted a severe wound
ui>on Major Rathbone, who had seized him,
and breaking away he sprang down upon the
stage, tloiirished his knife and shouted : "Sic
Sem]ier TyrannisI " and bet'ore the red jiosi-
tion of affairs coiikl be (dinprelunded, he
d.ished across the stage, mounted a licet horse,
whi< h was in w.iiling in the alley in the rc.ir
of the theater, and escaped.
Th.it man was John Wilkes liootii. notori-
ously a rebel, an actor of some merit, Ir.il now
an escaping murderer.
.\s soon as the audience realizi'd the
fact that the President was shot, the wildest
excitement prevailed, and shouts of Hang
him! Hang him I resounded from eveiy part
of the house. 'Ihe dying President was borne
to a priv.Ue house — Mr. Peterson's, across the
street — and prominent physii ians and sur-
geons were summoned at once. It was soon
discovered that there was no hope. .Mem-
bers of the cabinet assembled, together with
other distinguished men, and stood mourn-
fully grouped about the couch of the im< on-
scioiis chief magistrate. .'\n eye witness wrote
thus: "The scene was one of extraordinary
solemnity. The history of the world fur-
nishes no par.iUel. lireathing his life serenely
away, sensible to no |)ain and unconscious
of all around, the Great Man of the nine-
teenth century lay, jjassing away to that im-
mortality accorded by Providence to few of
earth."
.Ml the long, weary night the watchers stood
around the couch. Day came at length, and
riir. MYsri-.RY or .\r.tr/ /: /si..\.\/k
09
i
.11 twenty two inimitcs jiasl sivcn o'clock on
Saturday morning, .\|)iil i5tli, 1865, the spirit
of Abraliani Lincoln, Irccd from its earthly
tenement, went to (lod who gave it, and the
nation went into mourning.
It had been remarked tiiat Secretary Seward
was not among the members of the Cabinet
who rallied around the bedside of their dying
('hi(f; but when Surgeon-deneral ]5arnes
reached the house, the reason was made clear.
In substance, this is what happened to Sur-
geon-Cii neral liarnes : He was met in front
of '.\'ili.i;\!''^ Hotel by an ofticer, on the night
uf the assassination, who informeil hini thai
the I'resident was sliol. Supixising that
the {!>.c(l had been d.)ne at the [)residential
mansion, he hurried to the surgeon-general's
office to gi\e orders for assistance, and there
he found a summons to the bedside of Secre-
tary Seward, wiio iiad also been attacked by
an assassin. Relieving that this occurrence
was what gave rise to the story that the .'resi-
dent was siiul, he immediately hurried to the
chamber of .Mr. Seward. He found him lying
u[)on the bed with one cheek cut open, and
the llesh lying (jver on the pillow. The room
presented a horrible appearance. lilood be-
spattered everything. 'I'he attendants were
huddled into corners, frightened and helpless.
No one seemed ( apable of giving a single
detail of the terrible occurrence. I)r. I'.arnes
immediately g.ive his attention to Mr. Seward,
but shortly Dr. Xorris < ame, and turning Mr.
Seward over to his care, the surgeon-general
proceeded to look after the assistant secretar\-,
Mr. i'rederick Seward, who was lying wounded
and insensible in an adjoining room. Soon
after, other surgeons came in, and from liiem
he learned the distressing facts regarding the
assassination of the President, and went at
once to his bedside.
However strange it may seem to us of to-day,
as we read the various and voluminous ac-
counts of those occurrences, yet it is a fact,
that not for several days afterward, did any
one seem to grasp the idea that it was a ])re-
concerted scheme of assassination — a con-
certed plot to take not only the life of the
President, but of other prominent men also.
The one gre.it overshadowing criine seiined
to literally draw all attention to itself. Other
tr.msactions were dwarfed by it. l''.ven the
history of nations lould iiroilme no ei|ual.
True, lirutus slew L'lesar in the Roman Senate
chamber, and Charlotte Corday murdered
Murat in his bath; but neither instance paral-
leled this unheard of atrocity.
(Iradually, however, as events began to un-
fold themselves, and the horizon of ilisturb-
ance to clear, it was seen that the assassination
was a ijart of a well-devised scheme, the only
part, which, owing to some cause or causes
unknown, had been carried into full effect.
It soon became known also that the Metro-
polian police had long been aware that a
society ( ailed the Knights of the " Ulue
Ciauntlet," the same in all essentials as that
of the " Knights of the Golden (iirc le," existed
in Washington; and they not only knew its
place of meeting, but the names of many of the
members. Not deeming it at all dangerous,
but little attention had been paid to it, be-
cause the secrets of the " Knights of the
Ciolden ("ircle," or rather the "Sons ot
Liberty," that being the real name of the
organization, had become known, through
the address of 'I'imothy Webster, one of the
most daring and skillful members of the
secret service ever in the employ of the
United States government ; and who was cap-
tured in Richmond, tried, convicted and
hanged as a spy by the orders of Gen. Winder,
April 29, 1862.
A brief account of Webster's initiation into
the secret society of the "Sons of Liberty"
in the city of lialtimore, in 1861, may be
given here as an illustration of the general
character of the secret societies of that time,
whose object was to aid the cause of the
South, no matter under what name they mas-
cjueraded. Webster, it slioidd be understood,
h.id soingr.uiated himself into the good graces
c)( leading secessionists in Baltimore, that
there was not the slightest suspicion alloat re-
g.irding him. On the contrary, he was so
implicitly trusted that he visited unciuestioned
all parts of the South, making long visits to
Richmond, where he was " Hail fellow, well
lOO
./ S()ci-/:.y/A' '>/■' THE sr. iawri-sh-: river.
nu'l! " witli imiiniiu'iU nlii'ls, ami llicir ini^icil
agcnl in Washington, wluii.' llicy tic(iucntly
sent liiin witli ini|iurlanl tlis|pal( lies, the an-
swers to wliicli were to be delivered to the
atitlu)rities in Richmond ; but wliieh, it i-^ need-
less to sav, reai lied other hands than those of
ludali 1'. i'.enjamin, the rebel Se( retary ol
War, for whom many of them were intended.
Amoii^ other |iniminent rebels in lialtimore
was one Sloan, a noted rebel, with whom Web-
ster was on the most intimate terms. Diirint;
Webster's absence on one of his sonthern
trips, certain secessionists of Haliimore or-
ganized a secret society of which they were
very desirous that lie shouhl become a mem-
ber, and to Sloan, because he was an intimate
friend, was delegated the duty of solicitinj;
him lo join. Sei/ini; a favorable opiiortunily
on Webster's return to the < ity, Sloan guard-
edly broached the subje( t.
"The fact is," said Sloan, "after you went
away we formed a secret society."
"A secret society ? "
"Ves; and we have held several meetinj^s."
" Is it a success ? "
" A perfect success. Some of the best in
the town are among our members. We may
be forced to keeji silent, but they can't com-
pel us to remain idle. We are well organ-
ized, and we mean imdying opposition to a
tyrannical government. I tell you, Webster,
we will not down I "
" Never! " responded Webster, imitating
the boastful tone and bearing of hi.; friend
Sloan. " It does not lie in iheiiowerof those
white-livered Yankees lo make slaves of
Southern men! I should like to become a
mendjer of your society, Sloan."
"They all want you," said Sloan, eagerly.
"We passed a resolution to that effect at our
last meeting. We want the benefit of your
counsel and intluence."
"What is the name of your society .' "
"The Sons of Liberty."
"When will your ne.xt meeting be held.'"
"To-night."
" So soon ? "
"Yes; and you are expected to attend.
Have you any objections .' "
" None whati'ver. I'.ul how will I get there .' "
" 1 am delegated to be your escort."
" Wiiat is your hour of meeting?"
" 'I'welve o'clo( k."
" .\h ! .\ midnight affair. All right, Sloan,
you will find me waiting at the hotel."
rromi)tly at eleven o'clock Sloan appeareil
.It the hotel, whence he and Webster pro-
ceeded toward the plai e of meeting. It was
a dark and stormy night, and, as Webster
thought, just the right sort of a night for con-
I (icting hellish plots and the performance of
evil deetls. .\s Robert liurns says:
" I'lial iiiKlit, a cliiil iiiiKlit iiiKlt'tsi.uid.
Till- l»Lil had liiisiiirss on liis IkiihI."
Slo.m leil the w.iy to .i remote (piarter of
the city, and into a street which bore a ))ar-
ticularly bad reputation. Stopping, he said:
■' I must blindfold you, Webster, before
]iroceetling any further. This is a rule of tin;
order, which, under any circumstance, cannot
be departed from."
Webster ([uietly submitted, and a thick
bandage was placed over liis eyes ami se-
curely fastened. Then Sloan took him by the
arm and led him forward. Hlindfolded as he
was, Webster knew that they turned suddenly
into an alley and passed through a gate which
Sloan shut behind them. lie also knew thai
they were in a [laved court, [irobably in the
rear of some building. Just then Sloan whis-
pered :
"Come this way and make no noise."
The ne.xt moment he knocked in a jieculiar
manner against a door, and Webster knew it
to be a signal. Immediately a guarded voice
asked:
" Are you white ? "
Sloan responded: " Down with the blacks."
\ chain clanked inside, a bolt was with-
drawn, the door creaked slightly on its rusty
hinges, and they entered; immediately they
began to climb a thickly cariieted stair, at the
head of which they were challenged ;
" Halt ! Who conies there ?"
" Long live JefT Davis," answered Sloan.
Passing through another df)or, they entered
an apartment in which there seemed to be
Till. MVSll-.RV HI- M.U'l.l-: /Sl.,U\D.
lOI
si-'veral persons. A voice, iiie;iiu to be im-
pressive, (leniandeil ;
" Whom li.ive we here ? "
"A frieiul, Musi Xoi)le Clliief, wlu) wishes
to become ;i member of this wortiiy league."
" His name? "
' 'rimoliiy Webster."
" Have the objects of this leai;ue been fully
exiii.iiiied to him ?"
" Most Noble Ciiiel', they have."
' .\Ir. Webster, is it your desire to become
a memoer ot this knigiitly band? "
"h is."
'I'iien came the ring of swords leaping from
scabb.irds, and their clank as diej- met in an
arch of steel above his head ; and then the
Noble Ciiief continued:
" \'ou will now knei'l u[)on your rij^ht knee,
place your rij^ht hand u|)on your heart, and
rei)eat after me the obligation of our brother-
hood."
" I, Timothy Webster, a citi/en of Haiti-
more, having been fully informed of the ob-
jects of this .Association, and being in full
sympathy and accord with the cause it seeks
to advance, do solemnly declare and affirm,
upon my sacred honor, that I will kee|) for-
ever secret all that 1 may see or hear, in con-
sei|uence of being a member of this league;
that I will implicitly obey all (nders, and
faithfully discharge all duties assigned to me,
no matter of what nature or i haracler they
may be ; and that life or death will be held
subordinate to the success and advancement
of the cause of the Clonfederacy, and of the de-
feat of the bloody tyrants who are striving to
rule by oppression and terrorism. Should I
fail in the proper performance of any task
im|)osed upon me, or should I prove untaith-
ful to the obligations I now assume, may I
suffer the severest jH'nalty awarded for treason
and cowardice, anil the odium belonging
thereto, as well as the scorn and contempt of
all true brother knights."
.Again the swords clanked as they were re-
turned to their scabbards, and the newly obli-
gated member was commanded to arise. He
obeyed, and the band ige was reinr)ved. .At
first he was blinded by the sudden lisiht, but
as his e\'es became a( cusUimed to it, he found
inmself surrouiuk'il by sever. d st.dw.irt men,
•nil of whom wore dark < loaks .iiul black masks.
" .\Ir. Webster," s.ud the Chief, " I now pro-
nounce you a Son of Liberty."
The masks were now removed, and to his
relief, Webster dis( overed that the faces were
all familiar. .A cordial grasp of the hanti was
given by ea( li in turn, and then they entereii
the jirincipal council chamber, and Webster
was escorted t(j a seat. In a few minutes the
clock struck twelve, when every door was
locked, and the real work of the order begun.
There were some forty men present, and
Webster notic ed that they were from among
tile best citizens of H.dlimore, the rowdy ele-
ment not being rejjrcsented. He was now
instru( ted in the passes, signs and grips of
the order, and especially in the rallying sign,
which was three crosses, disposed in a triangle.
It is not necessary to say more under this
head, our only design being to give the reader
a brief sketch of the so often denied secret
society of the South, which in time, by the
aid of Clement L. X'allandingham, of Ohio,
|)ermeated the entire North, and which, but
for a fortunate circumstance that took ])lace
in the city of Indiana|)olis in 1S63, would
have resulted in fire and bloodshed through-
out several of the Northern States, and which
years later found an individual < ulmination in
a bloody tragedy on an obscure island in the
Great River St. Lawrence.
Suftice it to say that in this case Webster
listened to the schemes which were in ])re-
paralion to destroy our National ("aijital,
learned the names of the plotters and sympa-
thizers in Washington, and in process of time
so managed matters that this particular camp
of the Sons of Liberty found itself inunured
behind the bars of the Old Caiiitol Prison.
.As a further instance, it may be interesting
to know that a shrewd detective, who is yet
living, and whose name it is unnecessary to
mention here, was sent fr(jm Cincinnati to
Louisville, I\entu<ky. by f)rder of Cicn. Cicorge
H. McClellan, for the ]iur|)ose of uniting with
the Hrolherhood, in order that he might learn
its secrets, metliods of work, designs and plans,
:'i;
10?
.■/ sorr/:.\;h- or ////■; si /../(cav .w/; av/v-.A'.
wIikIi III' I'lillv ,11 cnm|ili-.lu'il. \\v\\\.i. inili.ilid,
.IS .1 romiLinsoii ni (l.itr-. -.Iiows. ,11 I ,(in i ^\ i I If,
(iiily twci iiijihts l.it(.'r tliali w;ls Wcds'.vT ,i!
I! illiiii'irc. Tlu' hiitialdiy c cri nioiiics, L"i|is,
r.i,;iH, p.isscs ami s\i;ii.iU \ww loimd In lir
iiU'iiticil.
'I'lic Kiiiiihls (if tlu' " I'.liic ( ;,iiiiilK't " li;i(l
nn nanus. I'he i!iili\i(lii,il iiu-iiilu'is wnc
kiiD'.vii iinl\- In nuinhci-, ; ,iiul .iiiv chiKm nr
(linTiidii I'fiini tlu' Cliict' w.is .iKvays sent In ,i
numlii.T .111(1 nut to a nanu'. With this, and
,1 I'l'W (itiiuf minor dillt'icm x's. th(,' Sons of
l.ih'jrty .uul tlu' Kni,L;his of the lUuc (i,innllt't
\\\w the same. .Ml this was known to the
iKilice. hilt ne\er for .i moment w.is there the
sliL;htest d.in^er a|i|irehen(led, so powerless for
any real h.inn did the orii.mi/.uioii a|i|ie.ir.
That it W.IS not more < loseh' investi_i;.ite(l, and
enlirely broken up, was a fal.d mistake ; real-
ized when too Lite to he remedied. In fact, it
h.ul been hut little more than a year sinee
these secret meetinj^s had been revived, and
then more as a politicd f.icifir tli.iii anv ihini^
tNe. 'I'll pre\ent the nomination and re-
election of -Mir.di.im Lincoln w.-is a consum-
mation .irdently desired by the friends of the
C'onfeder.icy. With him no Ioniser at the
he.ul of the ,!,'overnment, .i compromise unuld
be el'fected. the war ended, and virtually
victory would perch upon the llag of the
South.
Hut from this semi-passive jiolitical position
to one more pronounced was easy. .Ml that
was wanted w.is a le.uler. .\ man who, within
himselt", combined all the elements, — a strong
will, unlimited zeal, unbounded enthii'-i.ism, a
strong iiersonal magnetism, and a blind, un-
reasoning devotion to a cause whether rii;ht
or wrong, coupled with an o\erwhehning de-
sire for notoriety. Such a leader they found
in John Wilkes liooth. .As affording a slight
insight into his character, an extract of a letter
to the Washington Chronicle, written after the
assassinilion, by \. 1). Doty, of .Xlliany, a
soldier then in Carver hospital, Washington,
is here gi\ei.. He says: " .\i the (oinmence-
mentof the war, J. Wilkes liooth was playing
M^ engagement at the Ci.iyely 'i'heater in
.-Mbany, \. V., which city attested in action
more ehnpient tli.in wnnls its love for the old
ihig li\ disp|,i\ing II from everv roof and
wiiulow, when the iieus ( .iiue ol the uiihoU
.iti.K k on [■'ort Slimier. liooth, at lli.it tunc,
openly ,iud liiildly .i\owiil lii> .idinir.ilioii lor
ihe rebels .ind ihcil (lee(U, wliii h he i h.il.ii tcr-
ized .IS the niiwl luunii of modern times ; ,ind
he boisied loudly tli.ii the Southern le.ideis
knew how to defend their rights, and lh.it
they would never submit to oppression. So
\ehemen! and im .luticiis w.is he in his ex-
pressions, til, it the people bei ame incensed
and thre.itened him with person. il \ ioleix e,
and he was compelled lo mike .1 h.isty de-
pariiire fmm the city. Ilefore leaving, he
attempled the life of an a( tress ol' uhoin he
h.ul Ik( (line ie.iloiis. I'indlng his way to
her rooin ,11 midnight, he .iss.mhed her wiih
a d.iL;ger, fortiin.itely inllic.ting but a slight
wound. With the fury of a tigress she sprang
upon liiin, and wrem hing the we.ipon from
his h.md, in turn wounded him."
These episodes siiow th.it he was not only a
\irulent rebel, but w.is .it lie.irt an assassin.
Not only w.is liooth a murderer, but he was a
mercenar)' ime. While he w.is willing to as-
s.issinate the I'resideni. he w.mted p.iy for
doing it. Notoriety it would bring, but with
it he wanted g(jld.
.\11 along during the w.ir, .iiul especially in
till' ye,'irs iSd^ and 1 Sfq, Cinad.i's principal
cities sw.irmed with Southerners, St. C.ith-
arincs, Toronto. Kingston, Ott.iwaand .Mon-
tleal. Were especi.iMy f.uored bv these gentle-
men; some of «ii(iin wert' .c ( redited agents
of the Confederacy, while they weie all en-
g.iged in plotting .ig.iinst the North, and set-
ting schemes on foot worthv the ]ialiniest d.iys
of Diabolus, for the destrm tion of our lake
( ities in the absence of their defenders who
were fighting against treason and rebellion on
Southern soil.
It has been already hinted lh.it the secret
order of the Knights of the (lolden (Jircle had
f(>und a lodgement in some of the Northern
St.ites, especially in the States of New V'ork,
Indiana and Illinois; though Pennsylvania
and Ohio were largely re]iresented in their
conncils. In Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa,
r
« •<
r
If
liii'
F.NTRAN'CK Til LAKE 01' THE ISI.ES,
■
j
THE .MVsiiiRV or .].'. I /•/./: /sL.i.y/).
105
i
1
tlu" lodges were I)Lit few and far I)et\vccii. Ii
was in Indiana and Illinois, thai their great
strength lay. In ihe former State there were
100,000 armed and organized knights, ready
to do the bidding of their chiefs. These
were in constant ( Mninmnication with the
Southern emissaries who, under the protection
of Canada, plotted treason, laid plans to cap-
ture steamers on the Likes and on the St.
J.awreme river, lill tliem with armed men,
and simultaneously descend Ujion Rochester,
Buffalo, Detroit, Cleveland and Chicago, and
firing them, rob, pillage, and murder, escaping
to Canada as a place of safely. It was among
the Confederate residents of Canada that the
diabolical scheme was set on foot to scalier
small pox throughout the cities of the North
by means of infected rags.
While Indiana, under the magnetic inspira-
tion of that greatest among the great war
Governors, Oliver P. Morton, responded with
alacrity to ev.ry ilj:,iand upon her for troops,
to an extent far beyond her cpiotas, sending
to the front, ■ s a matter of fact, more men in
proi)ortion t > her po|)ulation than any other
Stale in the Union, she was also cursed to a
much greater extent with that abhorred jiro-
duct of the rebellion, the " Copi)erhead; " who
was also, whenever the opportunity offered, a
Knight of the Golden Circle. It has been
already stated that they nund)ered a hundred
thousand. It is no wild statement. It can
be verified by the muster rolls of the order,
captured in Indianapolis, and now preserved
in the archives of the State. .\ brief allusion
to the facts, will refresh the memory of many
of our readers, while the incident may be of
soniL- interest.
In IP63-4, Indianapolis was a great military
(■;r,i,!i. Sc;. tries were stationed e\ery where.
rii; au- was rife with rumors of an uprising in
various ijortions of the State. The camps
around the city were more closely guarded
than ever. Emissaries of those inimical to
the government had secretly poisoned the
minds of many of the soldiers, and desertions
were frei[uent. These were concealed in
almost inaccessible places and carefully
guarded against recapture. Hands of Southern
sym])athi/ers drilled openly in the fields.
L'niled States marshals were set upon by in-
furiated mobs, maltreated and murdered.
Kvery citi/en went armed. l''earful rumors of
an imi)ending outbreak [)ermeated the com-
munily, but when, or how, or from what source
tile blow was to come, none could tell. Sur-
mise was the only certainty. .\ sentry on duty
at the Union depot was watching the unload-
ing from a car a mass of boxes. They were
consigned to Dodd \: Co., merchants, at whose
store was the " Repository of the American
Bible Society," and these boxes were supposed
to contain bibles for distribution among the
soldiers. One of the boxes was slightly
shattered by the rough handling it received at
the hands of those who were unloading the
freight. .\ bit of metal gleaming through a
crevii ein the broken box attracted the soldier's
attention.
" Nice lot of books them," he saiil to him-
self. "Silver plated Hibles, I xn kon. Pretty
durn tonylhein tract peddlers is gittin. Guess
I'll have a look at one of 'em, anyhow."
A brief investigation revealed to the soldier
the startling fact that the box contained re-
volvers. It suddenly occurred to him that
he had heard that the firm of Dodd & Co.
were suspected of being rebel sympathizers,
though by no means outspoken. I'nlearned,
but with a shrewdness worth more in a case
like this than all the dii)lomas ever issued
from college halls, lie at once decided how to
act. Not a word did he breathe to his ser-
geant, nor to the officer of the guard. He
saw clearly that it was a case recpiiring judg-
ment, and yet [iromptness. Calling a com-
rade, he was about to send him to the Gen-
eral's headcpiarters with a note, when fortu-
nately the General and two or three members
of his staff came riding down Illinois avenue.
As they neared his p(^st, he .saluted and then
called to the General. In a few words he
made known his discovery. The General dis-
mounted and made a personal examination,
s.Uisfying himself that the statement was true.
Sending for the officer of the guard, he or-
dered him to count the boxes and atfix a pri-
vate mark to each one, and then note care-
^1
io6
.'I sn/ r/-:.\7/y or the s/: /..//ca'Aava av/v-.A'.
fully who (Mine for tliem. Mountiiii; his
liorse. lie ictunied to lu.'a(l(|uanLTs.
liy a. id by diayincn caiiK' for the i)oxes,
and, strangely enough, with every dray luad
that moved away, there loitered alonj^ on the
opliosite side of the >treet a la/.y unronceriied
lookinj; citi/en who always had business in
'he same tlirection the dray was t^oint;. Thj
goods were unloaded in the rear of I )odd &
("o.'s store, transferred to an elevator and sent
above. ( )ver this store, and three stores ad-
joining, in the third story, was an immense
eni|)ly chamber which had never been utili/ed.
It was one vast unfinished garret, as every one
supposed.
There were times when early in the morn-
ing bits of paper, on which three crosses in a
triangular form had been jjrinted, were lound
l)asted to fences, trees and tree boxes, or scat-
tered loosely about ; and so often did this
occur that it was accepted as a sign — bui a
sign of what '
'I'he next morning after the boxes were
hoisted to the up|ier story of Dodd \- Co.'s
store, those triangular emblems were more
numerous than ever before. So were the la/y
men in citizen's clothes. They were disrejui-
table men. too, because they were frecpientlv
seen to gather, two or three at a time, in the
alley in the rear of the store, and drink from
a !)ottIe and then disa])|)ear. 'j'hat night was
a great business night for Dodd \- ( 'o. The
store was thronged and never before were
clerks so liusy. l-",ven the l,i/y citi/en was
there, having overcome liis indolence so far
as to make some slight purchases. Not hav-
ing anything himself to do, he noticed what
others were doing; and, among other things,
he notiied that instead of going out the way
they came in, that is to say, by the front door,
they went out at the back door : slip|)ed ruit,
so to speak, singly ; and, it seemed to him, as
if desirous of not being observed. It also
seemed to him that he coidil hear the noise of
the elevator at work. A carefid investigation
showed that it was at work, and that the cus-
tomers were going into the story above, prob-
ably to complete their purchases!
lie that as it niav, a icmple of hours later.
all the lower part of the store was fdlcd with
soldiers, both front ami re.ir. and sipiad after
"([uad went up in the elevator, and then c.ime
the gr.md I limax. 'I'he boxes of Bibles con-
signed lo Dodd \- Co. were found as marked
and numbered. 'I'hey uere packed with n.ivy
revolvers and ammunilion. liut this was the
least important of the capture. This turned
out to be the general hcuhpLuters of the
order for the .State. In this room the .\dju-
tant-Cleneral had his oflice. The rolls and
re|)orts of the order were found. The names
of the members of every camp of the Knights
of the (lolden Circle in the State were there.
It was a revelation. .Men ag.iinsi whom not
a breath of suspicion had ever found utter-
ance, here stood reve.ded as officials high in
the secret councils of treason, (.'orrespond-
eiice with J.icob Thompson. Clement C. Clay
and Larry .McDonald, then in C.mada as
accredited agents of the Confederacy, was dis-
covered; but over and above e\erything else,
a plot to burn the cities already mentioned,
and the time when a gi'iieral rising was to
take |ilace, all was revealed. The conspira-
tors stood aghast, with no word of ex( use to
olfer. Under a strong guard they were
marched away to the j.iil ,ind to the military
prison, .ind by early morning two .Major-
(Generals of the (Uiler, one in I, a fayette, and
another in I'Aansville, together with several
llrig.idiers and Colonels, .1 score or more,
were under .irrest, and on their way bv the
first trains to iheC.ipital City. Doild, Horsey
and Mulligan, the liible operators, were tried
among the rest, and in a few weeks there were
no spare casemates in fort !,a l''ayette, and
the Dry Tortugas was crowtled. from that
time a gre.il fear fell upon the Knights of the
Colden Circle in Indiana. Their collapse
was as complete as it was sudden. Here and
there in the strongest copperhead localities,
an attempt was made to revive the order
under new names, but it was ,1 signal failure.
It is a ])leasure to be able to record the f.ict
that the soldier who first discovend the
"silver plated llibles" wa> proni;illy jiro-
inoted. His coolness and self-command ,it
the lime of the dis(()\erv m.ide the detection
I
rill-: MVSIh.RV (>/' MAPI I: l<l AMI.
107
of the consiiinUors certain. Had lu' Ix'oii
less shrewd, and informed his sergeaiu or
lieutenant, the ( hances are that the find would
have l)een known throughout the city in an
hour ; the evening paper would have displayed
glaring headlines, and the chance to entrap
the Knights of the (lolden Circle would have
been lost.
In the meantime, Chicago, Cleveland.
Uuffalo and other lake and river cities were
warned, and had taken measures for their
own safety. The Confederate plotters in
Canada saw at a glance that the game was u]).
The chances of capturing steamers on the
lakes, and transforming them intoipiasi vessels
of war, were utterly destroyed ; and so they
turned themselves to the consideration of new
schemes. They began to (les|iair of conipier-
ing the North, and as a recompense for defeat
they nourished revenge. (Iradually this desire
grew into a discussion as to ways and means,
and finally led to the consideration of a
melhoil of relief for the South, which, could
it be carried into effect, would be the crown-
ing sc:heme of all. This was the assassination
of Lincoln, Johnson, Seward, (Irant. Sherman
and .Sheridan, and as many other prominent
officers and men of affairs as could be reached
and struck down at the same hour, tlirough
concerted action. This done, the South must
be victorious. X'isions of place and power in
the future to those who could conceive and
execute this daring scheme fired their ambi-
tion, and personal aggrandizement, more than
pro patrii, urged them on. liut a tool must
be found, and they had not far to look.
John Wilkes Booth was starring in Canada,
and to him they instinctively turned. Dur-
ing his engagemeni in Toronto, a meeting
took place at the Queen's Hotel, liooth knew
enough about these men and some others
then in (Canada, not to be surprised at any
scheme they might propose. .Already they
had i)erpetrated acts of villainy that if even
half [I'lnished. would expatriate them for life.
On the other hand they knew the man before
them. They had fathom<'d his inordinate
vanity, and well knew his sordid ambition.
They ministered to the one, and made promises
which, if fulfilled, would al)un(lantly gralifv
the other. They assured him that the success
of the scheme depended upon himself alone.
That, if successful, unbounded wealth and
f.ime to gratify the must ambitious would
be his.
.■\t first. Booth hesitated at the idea of whole-
sale nnirder. Another scheme had entered
his t'ertile l)rain, and until that failed, there
should be no murder; but if it failed, then —
The plan was to J.idn.i]) the President and as
n.iany others as could be taken, gag them,
C(jnvey them to a safe retreat, and when an
op])ortunity offered, transfer them to the rebel
capital. .Ml these fads are substantiated by
evidence on file in the government aniiives
at Washington, among which is a letter written
by liooth which re\eals the entile scheme.
The disco\fry of .1 house i>n street in
Washington, with furnished undergrouiul
apartments providetl with manacles, and all
the accessories of solit.iry ronfmement, is evi-
dence indisput.ihle. In an upper room of the
same building the Knights <if the I'.lue Ciaiint-
let held their secret meetings, and finally
plolteil murder.
Throughout all his base designs the dra-
matic element in liooth was alw.ivs uppermost.
He planned .1 triumph. il st.irring trip through-
out the Soiiih. Full of this idea, he shipped
his the.Uri<:al wardrobe from Canatla, and
when his pi. ins had been successfully carried
out, he would don the buskin once more, aiul
become .1 theatric. d star of the first niagnitiuie,
though his crime rather than his ability as an
actor, should [irove the drawing card. If
assassination, which he now beg.m to seriously
contemplate, should be the final outcome of
all this damnable plotting, what a lirutiis he
would become. That immortal creation of
Shaksjieare, Julius Cxsar, should be so modi-
fied, that Washington would become Rome,
and .Abraham Lincoln, Ciesar. Payne, and
.\t/eroth, and Surratl. and Harold, and half a
s( )re of others of a like character shoidd be
the grand conspirators, while he, the chief
c()ns|)irator of all, the head, the director, the
murderer par excellence, would be the Brutus.
How re.ilistic it would all ])e. .\ great Shaks-
m
li
108
A sor\-i:\/R OF THE sr /..I ir/:/:.\(7- av/v.a-.
1
|)erc,m tianoil), uiil) niiMiilic(l in soiiu- par-
ticulars to aiLi|it it to lime and cirtiiiii'-lanci.'.
])1 lyed bv a tioupc uluisc lo.idin^ chaiactcrs
were real assassins! W'liat a tiiiimiili (if llie
rhes|iian art! What a mcidern iiistrinnic siic-
cessl One lliinj^ only was lacking;. Were it
but possible to assassinate a veritable lancoln
at every presentation of the pl:i.\, nothing more
could be desired.
Hooth soon discovered that his scheme of
kidnapiiing ct)iild not be carried out. It was
deemed too rash. lie could I'liid no one who
would cnj^age in the hazardous underlaking.
Somelliing must be done to satisfy, first, his
own egotistic ambition, and, second, to earn
the guertlon of. blood, an earnest of whi<h, in
iMiglish gold, he had already received at the
hands of hiseniiiloyers, the ("onfederate agents
of the South.
Now he began to ]ilan in earnest the \'il-
lainous scheme of assassination. l-'urnished
with abundant funds, he dropped an anchor
to windward by depositing four hundred and
fifty-five dollars, liis own money, in tlu' Dank
of Ontario, at Montreal. This, with date of
entry, was shown by his bank book, whi( h
was captured with Atzeroth.
Then came a search for the |iro|ier tools.
Along the eas.ern bounilary of Kentuckv,
bordering on Virginia, in a region of hills .ind
mountains almost inaccessible, is a section of
country which, for yeais. has been the home
of family feuds, which have resulted iii nu-
merous murders, and, couseipiently in the
growth of a class of men who held life very
cheap, and to whom a bloody vendetta was
but a recreation. In the midst of such asso-
ciations, seven brothers, named I'.iyne, had
grown up. They were outlaws born, robbers
by ])rofession, and murderers from choice,
though the sons of a Christian ministi-r. So
bold had they become, and so bloody their
raids, especially on the homes of those moun-
taineers suspected of favoring the I'liion,
that at length troojis were sent into their
neighborhood with instructions to kill or cap-
ture them. It was a cavalry force under the
lead of an ot'licer only too well tlisposed to
carry out hit, instructions. The father was
captured .iiul impri^oni'd, and the sons made
their es(,ipe. I'hree of them went to South
America, and four of them lo l-'lorida, ,uul
iheiK e to t^air.ida. Two of them were en-
g.iged in the St. Albans r.iitl, one I'scaped,
and the other, Lewis I'.iyne, under the as-
sumed n.iiiie of Wood, and bv the direction
of the I'onfederate agents in Canada, re|n)rted
to liooih in Washington, where, later on, he
was joined by John A. Payne, one of his
brothers, whom he had left in C.in.ida. Here,
then, is a list of conspirators, all of whom have
joined tlu' Knights of llu' liliie Ciauntlet —
liootli, the two Paynes, one of whom was
known as Wood. John II. Siirratt, Sam Ar-
nold, ,M( I.aughlin. Harold. John I.loyd, and
several others, w ho took ihe alarm anil escaped
in time to avoid arrest.
The assassination of Miir.it by Charlotte
Cordav, of Xormandy, is one of the conspicu-
ous instances on record, that a woman may
become an assassin; .ind even though we may
applaud and justify her ad, yet it was assas-
sination ; and because it was at the hands of
a woman, its dramatic eff.ei t was increased
tenfold. Keeping the dramatic effect in \ iew,
liooth determined to have a woman in this
case, and it w,is not long before he bec.mie
accjuainted with the very ]ierson he nee<led.
Ten miles from Washington, in Prince
Cieorge's county, Maryland, was a littlecross-
roads hainlet calleil Surrattsville. The prin-
cipal jiropertv there was a hotel ; one of those
fine old Southern liostelries which, when in
the right hands, was as complete a home as a
temporaiv stopping place can be made to bi'.
The owner ga\e his name to the village and
his property to his wife, and died peai eabl)',
as a good landlord should. The wife carried
on the hotel busiiu-ss for ' hilc and then
rented the property to oiu John I.loyd, re-
moving with her son and several daughters to
Washington. Karlv in the cont1i< t, Surratts-
ville became a rebel post-ottice, and Mrs. Sur-
ratl a post-mistress. When she removed to
Washington, John I.loyd looked .ifter the
mails. In renting her hoi el. Mrs. Surratt re-
served apartments for her own use whenever
she chose to visit Surrattsville. Mrs. Siirr.itt
1
rill: M\sri:Rv Of M.iri i: /.s/../,\/a
109
w.is ;i large, inasciiliiu' woman, always sclf-
liosscsscil, and in Iilt way, as dangerous a
rt-bcl as was ever Helle Hoyd or Ruse (irecn-
how. John Wilkes liootli could not have
found a fitter agent in all Washington, and at
her house in the city and her rooms in tlie
country tavern Dooth was ever welcome, and
there treason took definite shape.
After ihe iirelimiiiarics haO all been settled,
a jiian of escape was to he devised, To this
end. Booth took a trip on horseback through
lower Maryland as far as Leonardstown, pro-
fessing to purchase land, but in reality to
mark on his map every s])ot and place, and
every road and crossing whicli might in the
near future become useful. He had provided
himself with one of the ma])s which was pub-
lished for Ihe rebel government by a co])])er-
head hrm in IJuffalo, \. V., but which was
not full enough for his purposes, and so he
made the needed corrections after personal
examination.
The conspiracy made no undue haste. All
the influence thereto was absorbed liy Dooth
and Mrs. .Surralt. He was the chief plotter
and she his main stay. Even among the
|)rin(ipals, assassination, though agreed u])on,
was never referred to except by implication.
To have openly spoken of murder among
themselves and in their most secret < onsulta-
tions, would not have been tolerated for a mo-
ment. It was against the canons of polite
society. In this society Booth was at home;
he was sui)renie; cool, vigilant and plausible;
the chief command was easily accorded him,
and he felt himself great in intellectual stat-
ure. Mrs. Surratt was too shrewd to embroil
any member of her family in the conspiracy ;
and so it hai)pened that young Surratt, though
fully cognizant of everything, was sent north
bv his mother a day before the assassination.
For a year or more he had been em|)loyed as
a clerk in the office of the Commissary-Clen-
eral ot Prisoners. He was a prominent mem-
ber of the Knights of the Blue {'.aiintlet, and
treasurer of the camp.
An extract or two from a letter of his to a
cousin residing in New \drk. may be of in-
terest ;
" til I 11 I-. Ill 1 III, ( 'ii\l\ll^,Al;\ -dl NKK.AI
111 I'KI^OM.l;,.
W.\SIIIM, |ip\, I). (',, |",.|,. (, [Mr-,. )
' .Mi-^s Hi- 1,1 K Si.AMAN :
" I)i;ak Coisin, ■ I rcicivcil vmii- kitci. ;iii(i ikii
bfiii^' (liiilo so sellish as you aif, I will aiiswei il 111
what 1 call a le.iscjii.iblu lliilu. 1 ain liappv to .■..[\
lliat we :mi; all well and in tint' spirits. Wo liavu
liffii lookiiiij for you to come on, willi a ^'real dcil
of iin|ialiiiu:f. Dijconie. won't yon? just 10 llilnk,
I have nuvL'r yet seen oniof my cousins, Hui never
fear, I will prohaljly see you all sooner than you ex
peel. N(^\t week I leave for I'airope, and may give
you a call, as 1 go to New York. •■ I have just
taken a piip in llir parlcjr. Would yon like to
know what I s.iw tlure ! Well, .Ma w,is sitting 011
ihe sofa, nodding fiisi to one chair, then another,
and then the piano, .\niia is silling in a eoriur,
dreaming, I expect, of J. \V. ......th. Who is [. W.
Hoolh? Well, she can answer (hat (|uestion.
*' i^ut hark, the door-liell rin!,"^. and Mr.
I. \V. Booth, is announced. Ju^-t listen lo ihe scam-
pering. Such brushing and fixinu. We .dl send
love to you and familv.
" Vour < 'ousin.
■ 1 11.\RR1S()N SfRR.A I T,
"541 II Street, lielween Otli and 71I1 strtets "
.M. liters were now .i|ipro.uhing a crisis. 1 1
w.is at first intended that the assassination
should t.ike iihice during the inauguration
ceremonies, but it was finally decided to be
too risky. Wnen it became known that the
President would apjiear in |)ublii: at l''ord's
Theatre, the time for tlefinite ,iction was plain.
liooth's principal .ictors were now assigned
their |)arts. John Harrison Surratt was to go
north into Canada, and on hearing of the
result, if all was right, he was to rep.iir at once
to Toronto and there (hum the promised gold
and make his way to Richmond. .Vt/.eroth
W.IS to murder the Vi(e-i)resident, Andrew
J.ickson ; Lewis I'.iyne, or Wood as he called
himself, was to look after Sew.ird ; Sam
Arnold and M<L.iughlin. were each to kill a
cabinet officer, and John I.loyd, a general.
John A. I'ayne, with two confeder.ites, had
gone to \orth Carolina to look after Sherman.
H.irold was the stage manager, and looked
after the properties. Horses and arms were
provided, and every possible avenue of escape
cleared, even to cutting the telegraph wires
around the city. On the very afternoon of
fifi
1 in
./ .svr/v-'WA' fV /■///• w /./ ,'fA7;.\v/ av/v-.a:
i 1
till' miirdiT Mr-^. SiiriMll \i<Hril Siii r.ill^\ illc
.111(1 t"lil jiilin I,l,i\(l t(i hue tlu- (.iiliincs
which mjuiil; Siiiiall h,i(l placril in hi^ i ,iil',
rcaily lur imnirdi.iic ii->c, as ihuv uoiiKl lie
iicihIl-iI thai iiiL;iit. l.lovil had Mail liis wiir
auMv nil a \isil. Thiro weeks luhuc the
miirdrr. llamld loKl -^diiU' liinids th.il the
next lime ihey heard nf him lie wnald lie
in S|iai)i ; addii);^ that tluie was"iiip e\tra-
dilioii treaty wilh that coiiiitiy. " |cilin l.lnyd
Inld fiiends at Siirratts\ ille that he would
'■ make a liarrel of inone)' or that his iie( k
would stretch," Atzerotli said in I'ort To-
liacco, til, It if he "ever visited tli.it pi, ice
aj4iin he would he rich enough to buy it."
On that f.itelrl l-'rid.iy iiiiiht T'oid's 'I'lieati r
w, IS crowded. I-oivj; lielore the i iirtain rose,
the ■■ .SlaiidiiiL; rcmm oiih " c.ird w,is dis])l,i\ed
.It the til ket ofticc- u ii'.dow. .\e,ir the door,
the lobby w,is crouiled. iJootli went on the
stage, and t'rom behind the scenes looked
scarchiiiLjly over the ,iii(lielicc. Suildenly
ne.ir the door, .i voice was beard. It s.iid :
"Nine o'clock and lorly-lhe iniiiutesl"
The words were repcilt'd b\ other xoiies
until they re.u lied llu' sidew.ilk. W'liile peo-
\>\c wondered, the \ oice said ag.iin :
"Nine o'l lock ,ind fit'tv' minutes!"
This ,dso p.issed on .is betore. and then —
, liter an inter\al —
■■ Nine o'clock and llfty-five minutes ! '"
'I'he life of the rresident w,is growing
shorter by intervals ot In e minutes e.ii h,
'I'lie bells in the clock to\^er.^ tolled out ten
o clock. Why, they knew not, Ijtil ,i shudder
crept through the audience.
" Ten o'cloi k and t"i\e minutes ! '"
Another interv.il. Then :
" Ten o'clock and ten nimules ! "
Ai this inst,int liooth entered the door of
the the. Iter, ,ind the men who h,id so faith-
tally repeated the murderd.iden im'mites si .it-
tered as though a messengei- ol l)e.ilh had
approached. j-'ive minute:, more and the
deed was done.
.\t the s.inie nioinent Payne was scattering
blood from room to room in Secretarv Sew-
ard's home. Ilaviiii; murdered Mr. Sew.ird,
as he thought, ,ind but for Robinson, the
niMNe, It would h.ive been an ai complished
tact, he mounli d his horse and .ilicmpled to
find iioolh and Harold, but the sellisliness ol
crime w.is uppermost, and tin v h,id gone and
b'b liim to his f.Ue. The i ily w.is ,d,irme(l,
and he lied to the open coiinlrv ; when near
i'ort ianioln, on liie li.iltiniore pike, his
iiorse stumbled ,iiid threw him hcidloiii;.
11. ill stunned ,inil bewildered, he ,irose and
'esoiving to return to the city, attemiited to
disguise himself.
He threw aw.iy his bloody coat, whicli was
afterw.ird found, and from a sleeve of his
woolen undershirt he lashioned ,i rude ( .ip,
.md then, plentifully daubing himself with
mud ,ind i l.iv, .md shouldering a pii k which
he fotiml in the intrem hmeiits near by, he
st.iited lor Washington.
He re. 11 lied Mrs. Surr.itt's door just as the
olliiers were arresting her. He was t.ikeii
into cusiody. He had come, he saiil, to tlig
.1 dill h fiu- Mrs. Surratt, who had hired him.
With all the effrontery of crime, Mrs. Surratt
protested th.it she had never before seen the
man, .md th.it she had no ditch to dig The
ollicers washed I'aync's hands and found them
to be soft and tender ,is a woman's. In his
jiockets they found tooth .md nail brushes,
and a delicile pocket knife. L>niisiial toilet
implements to be found on the person of a
digger of ditches.
At/eroth's room at the Kirkvvood was
directly over that of \'ice-l'resident Johnson.
He wis there to do murder, but the opjiortu-
nity failed, .md his courage also. He lied in
such haste that he left his weapons, a bowie
knife ,iiul revf)lver, between the iiKiltresses of
his bed, liooth'scoat was found in his room,
,ind in the pockets were riding gauntlets,
boxes of c.irtridges, a iii.ip of Maryland, juib-
lislied in Hutf.ilo, and corrected by his own
hand, .i spur, and a handkeri hief marked with
his mother's name. At/eroth lied .done, and
when captured w.is at the house of his uncle
in Montgomery i ounty. Maryl.md. .s^ain
.\rnoli! and Mcl.iughlin grew faint he.irted
and ran .iw.iy, williout making tlie slightest
attempt to c.irrv out their p.irt of the pro-
gramme.
O
1
I
Tiir: .y)s /■/■:/;)
"/• M.iri.i, isi.wn.
"3
til Thurs,l,,y n„l„ ,Iku the ,„ .,, l,,r out ,., the ...v. Ily.h.. n.l .,f ,
t lliinlli 1,,.. ii,>.. I, ,11.. 1 , .' ' .r •">' "I .1
lU'-rn, to whom thry -j^Asy live dnll,,,-,, ihr\
HMchcd the lioiisc of one .Sim Coxe, .;i mivl-
iii.^ht. Coxc was a notorious i-l,cl, ,iii.! though
the la. I eoiihl not l)e fully cslal)lishe(l, eno.i.^h
w.is learned to < onvinee .ill who heard his e"\-
.iniinalion that he was well .iw.iiv of the <:on-
■^liir.iey.
r
It was noi 111)
re.il mientioiis of !!,,(. ih l>e(,iine lully known
lo ihe Kiii^hts of the liluc (l.iiinilel. [ohn \\,
.Siirratl, before leaviiit; the ciiy on ■I'hiirsd.iy
morning, eonrided the facts in ., brother
Knii^ht. ConfuMon .md ternu- ensued, and
many of- the band hurriedly lied Iroiii the
' ity, and those who reiii.iined kept themselves
;:;;^:,u:::. ";:;.:■:, ■;„;:;;:':;:;' ... ; : -■■■• tr - - ^" ^ -
,.:r;,,;:::jl':-;:;:::;::':;-;i;-?-^
^;r:;;;,;:;;:t.:'::t= ::r-iv;;::i:; '"x r
di.inounled_ .n,,! ■; ,,.. i ' "", ' . "'^ '''"•' "">'' '" '1'^' ' n.^itive^ was to eross
Miiounted, and enterin- the bar pro, ure,l a the I'ot
bottle of whi.ky whidi he handed lo lioolli,
and then rushint; i;|i ^t.iirs he brou-hl down
"lie of tlie<-.irbines wIik h hail been lefl there
I'V John if. Siirr.itl. One only was taken.
I'll'- other, left in the h.ill, was found by the
otliiers. .\s they started off, |!,,()i|i said to
l.lo.wl: "We have murdered the I'resident of
the United States and the Secret. iry of Stale."
Uefore sunrise on S.iturtlay iiiorniiii; tliev
reached the house of I )r. Miuld. I iere nooth's
injured leg. one of liie bones of wliic h was
broken when he jumped down upon the Mai;e
■ It the theatre, was set. A hnk in ihe ch.im
"f evidence was left here; liooth's ndin- boot
li.'ii to be cut to -et it from his fool, and his
name was written in the inside of the le^ .in
till' linin-. it was not noii.e.l. and so ii
remaine.l there until fomi.l by the oftuers in
"mae. 'I'his w.is ., ni.ne ol '..mie
(lani^er. Friday eveniii- ,, while man w...
seen t,, brin.u a can.ie to ihe shore ,ind anchor
It "ith a sloiie. between seven .ind einhl
>'Vlock the next morning it dis.ippe.ired, and
in ihe .iltern.ion sonic workmen s.uv iw., nun
I'lml 111 a ..iiuje on the .south sitK
I'olom.i.-. ,ind sirike
imrsiiit; one .if the .dews wlii.li
rouie .)f Ihe fiiLiilives
if the
across a ploughed held
toward king (k'crge Court House. One of
tlic men walked wilh ,, ,rut. h. P.ooil, w.is
provide.] with .1 .rut.h at the house of Dr.
Miidd. -{'hey were next liear.l of ai ihe r,,rt
Royal lerry, and llien at Oarrett's liou.se.
N'ow, the long-persecuted Unionists of Lower
Maryland began to .onie forward and give
important testimony, which under threats and
intimidation they never before d.ired t.i whis-
per. They told of the meetings of the . .mspir-
itors ai l.lovd's Hotel in Surrattsville, and
rcveale.l the then f.lovd was arresle.l. Pootirs . arbine
at nr. Mud.ps .luring tiu:^d:,::;:,t':r, ■:";' t-;;;;;- -^" /"tv^'^^'"'- '•'<'^" ■— -•
•"-nuing ,h .ir horses they rode nv d , ' '"7 " '''""'^ "^''"' "'^' """^'"«
.i.reoion of Allen's Fresh Ft i o A e ' 7 7" ''"' "'^' '"''''"''■ "' ' "• •''"''^•
1-h thai Moydhadsen. his::.! •" ■ :'Z n^'^l "'-H's Lo.its. This was
^i^ii hUoie l.l.ivd .■onressed,.ind was the first posi-
114
. / s<ifr/:.\7u ('/■■ /■/// ■-/■ ' •;/-A7\v/- u/rrA\
., J
J i i
live t'\Kii.'n<r llic (i|li( (.■!> li.id lli.il tluy wiTi'
ii|i(iii tlic ir.iil nl till' miiiilciiTs. Mm li ol' ilic
Mltcr success nf ihc |iiirsiiit was due tu ilic ( arc-
liil work iloiu' li\' ihi^ lilllc si|ua(l (i| iKlci tivcs.
A scciiiul |iaii\, iiiidfr llic (liar;4ctjf Major
O'licirni', now look ilic fuld. 'riiidiiL;!! iIrsc
the I'.idinj; plai c ol \t/cidlli was dix o\cicd,
and lie was aricsicd. W'idi llii^ paily \\a^
Captain licikwiili, (Ini. (liam's i hid' ( iphcr
operator, wlio tapped the wire at I'oiiit l.ook-
ont, and ihns put the War 1 leparinienl in
nionu'ntary ( oinnnmic ation with the theater
of events. I!y this linu' the iKiops were
assenililinL; in xarioii^, part-, ot the coimir\ in
consiileralile nnnihers. Seven hnndn-d men
of tlie l'j\i;nth IMinois (',i\ airy, six hundred irien
of llie 'I'wi'nly-sei ond i dhned N'ohinteers and
one lumdred of the Si\teenlll New \'ork were
patrollini,' llie (ountry by detai hnienis, while
Major ()'l?eirne and Col. Wells, with a force
of cavalry and infantry, swe|it the entire
peninsula with a line of skirmishers de]iloyed
inclose inter\.ils. M.ijor O'lleirne, w ilh hi>
detectives, then < rossed the roloinac and
found where the fugitives h.ul l.mded from
the canoe on lioone's farm. 'I'hi-- wa-. .niollier
link in the chain which L;a\e a (lew to iheir
rf)ute.
Now ( oines the cliiet ol the secret ser\ ii e.
Col. Lafayette l'.,iker, on the scene. .Misent
from W'ashinnton at the lime of tlie murder,
he returned thr.e days after, by ortler of
Secretary Stanton, and eiiLjaged at once in the
search for IJooth. lie jiossessed himself ol
all the War Dep.irtment knew regardinn the
matter, and then acted- ilis fust find was a
nej^ro who saw Hooih and Il.irokl when the\'
crossed the Potomac.
Sending; to Ceneral Ham ock for tweniy-
tlve cavalrymen and an officer, iaeiitenant
Edward V. Doherty, he sal down to his maps
to decide upon the probable route of the
fugitives. He knew that they would not keep
close to the (oast owint^ to the difficulty in
crossing; swamps and rivers, nor would they
take any direction leadin<; east of Richmond,
where they were likely at any time to strike
our lines. He soon dei ided th.it tlu'y would
be most likeU to pass through Port Royal,
.iiid thiue he hoped lo mlerieiil theii). 'i'he
lillle force of < av.di) del.iiled Iroin Company
(I, idth N. \ , under the commaiul of l,ieii-
len.int llohelly, h.i\ ing lepnrled, he pl.u ed
ihein under the command <if l.ieutenaiil-
Colonel ( 'onger, of ( )hio, anil 1 aeiilen.ml I ,. II.
Ii.iker, (if New NDik, ,ind ^eiil them direc t lo
Inlle I M, I in, on I he lower i'olom.u , from ihelK e
lo ^i our the whole coinitry north of Port
Roy.d Here lhe\ found a negro who had
dri\ei' luo uun, in his w .igon, a short distance
toward Howling (iieen. These men answered
the dcM riptioii of the fugitives. Tlie ferry-
man wlio look the p. Illy aiross the Ra|ip,i-
h.inniK k gave them inlorm.ilion of the utmost
imporlaiu e, though wrung from him by threats.
I'hey le.irned that the two men were at lh.it
moment King at the house' of one Carrett,
which thev h.ul |i,isse(l some time before,
Relr.uing their steps, the ne.irly exhausled
(.u.ilryinen reached Ci.irrelt's ,il two o'clock
in ilu' morning. Il was ,i p. lie moonlighl
nighi. 'The pl.iiii old f.iinihouse was dimly
si'eii through ,1 loc list gro\e. Il stood about
three himdrecl \ ards from I he ro.id, and behind
It an old weather-be. lien li.irn, some long corn
( rib-., and ,l cMttle shed.
I'lntering the ro.idside gate, the troojjs rode
11]) to the house. I .ieiitenant I )olierty picketed
the premises, .and then rode up to a side cii-
tr.mce and raiMied. .\n old man in his night
clothes, with a candle in his hand, made his
appearance. It was Carret.
"Where are the men who are slaying with
you ? " asked I )oheily.
'"They are gone," he said. '"They went
to the woods this afterntjiui."
In the meantime a lad, John M. Ciarrelt,
had been found by one of Doherty's men in a
corncrib. ( hiestioned in earnest, he saw that
evasion would nut do, and at oik e revealed
the fact that Mooth and Ilarrold were asleej)
in the barn. Doherty had already threatened
to search the house, and the women were ii|)
and dressed, but this news ch.mged the pro-
gramme.
The troops were dismounted and the barn
surrounded. Maker hailed the persons inside,
who could now be heard stirring
Till MYsii-.Rv or Mini- isi wn.
1 1
..
'■'"■'"• "'il^^'i '.'lltil 1(1 tlinii: "\Vc .uc
■il'Oiil In sriui in the Mill , tlu. „,,,„ III „,||„^,,
•iistndy wMKirr luiin.l. Minvn.lu v.Kir .irrns
to him, and i^iv,. v,,iii .,cl\ xs up ur wV u-,l| Ihv
tlic plaLc. "
I'li^-'f wa. MO answi-i. I'hc ,h„„- ^vas
"la'iu.l and VDiin- Ciiivt puslicd inside, ,i|.-
I'L'alcd tu them to MiiiviidLT. With an oatli
linoth said: -Cct out of h.re, ^■„„ have
liclravfd n..- The l.oy shaped out a«ain a..
Ilio door was sli.i;hlly opened, and rep,,rled
iliat his ert-aiul liad failed.
The summons was repeated l,v iJaker,
'• Vou must surrender: (live up vour arms
and , nine out! There is no ( haniv for escaj..'.
We -ive you ten minutes to make iij. vour
minds."
I'lien came the demand: •' Wh,, are ynu,
and what (hi you want with us.'"
Haker again said: - We w;nii vuu to ,|eiivr
u|i your arms and become our prisoners."
After a l.ip^e of some miniiles. llaker liaHed
again: " Well, we have wailed long enoii-h;
tome out and surrender, or we'll hie ihe l.arn. "
"'"'tl' answered: "I am a cripple, a one-
legged man. Withdraw v.nir tones twenty-
five p.i. :es from the door, ,ind 1 will ,■ e.
(live me a chance for my life. I will never
l)e taken alive."
"We did not come here to light. l„it to
cai)ture you. Surrender, or the barn will be
lired," said Dolieriy.
"Well, then, my brave boy.s, prepare a
stretcher for me," cried Hooth.
Then there was a pause, during which i
discussion between Booth and his companion
was heard. Booth said. "( let away from me.
V„u re a coward, and want to leave nie m
my di.stress; but go-go! 1 don't want vou
to stay — [ won't have you slav .' " 'I'lien lu
shouted: "There's a man inside here who
wants to surrender."
Then Harold rattled at the door, and
I'a^'ed to be let out, saying, "[ want to
surrender."
''Hand out your arms, then," said Doherty.
" I have none."
"Vou are the man who carried the carbine
yesterday; bring it out."
" I haven'i go! any." h, a whining tone,
I'-ooth then s.iid: "On the woid .md ||,,|,„r
ol a man ,ind ;i geiillein.in, he has no ,iiin>
""'' '"III- I'Ih') are mine, ,ind I have ihnn."
Harold c.ime to tlu' door, wa^ sn/ed and
pulled out by Doherty, haiuh lilted and liirneil
over to Corporal \eug:irleii,
liooth then made his l.i^i .ippe.il. '•('.ipiam.
,i;:-e me ,i , hauce. Draw off your men ,iud 1
"ill Tighi them singly. I could have killed
you si.x iiuie„ to-night, but I believe you lo
I'l; a brave man, and would not murder yoii.
(live .1 l.inie man ,i show."
't was too l.ite for further jiarley. Before
I"' liad ceased to spe:ik Colonel Conger slipped
around to the rear of the l.arn, and drawing
some loose straws through :i rr.i.k set ihein
on lire. They were dry and soon in a bl,i/e
lii^hiing up every part of the gre.it barn. .\t
sight of the lire Booth (lr,,ppe,l his ( rutch and
'■ail>ine ...n.l , rept on his hands and knees to
llie spot hoping to see the in. emli.irv and shoot
I'liii <l<'"n. Then he turned upon' the (ire ,is
It to leaji upon :ind e\iingiii.,h it ; but it h.nj
.gained too much headway. Turning, he
"tade f.u- tlie door, resolved not to die ;done.
when .Serge.int Boston Corbett. thinking that
lie was about to shoot Lieutenant Dohertv,
filed with the intention of hitting him in the'
aim, but instead of the arm the bullet stru. k
'"111 ill the head, barely an inch from the spot
where the assassin's bullet struck the murdered
Bresident.
It was first thought that he had shot him-
self. He fell into the arms of Lieutenant
Doherty, who brought him out .of the burning
l-arn and laid him upon the grass. Water was
Ill-ought and dashed upon his f:ice, and he re-
vived. Me was then crried to the porch of
the house and laid upon a mattress. Brandy
and water was given him. and when able to
speak he said: "Useless, useless." '{'he
soldiers extinguished the lire. Booth muttered
"Kill me! Kill mel " Brandy was given him
every minute, and the doctor who lived si.x
iiiilfs away, arrived but could do nothing.
Booth asked to have his h.inds raised so that
lie .(uild see them; his arms were paralv/ed,
so that he knew not where they were. When
1 1'>
•■/ .sv '/;■/•.■ \7A' tv- rnr: s /: /.nrh'/xii h'/\ /:h\
w n
llil'V »i If -^hnwn lillll. In- lilllllrud: " r>clrxs,
ir-.rk'^>!" riir\ W CI r lil> l.l^t » Old-; ,l|j|ilii,i-
liU' iKil tiiify t(i liN 1i,iikI>, liiit til Ins ulmli;
liK'. "l'sclus>." Aiiil so he (1k(I. III-,
iciii.iin^ wi'ir --L'U-cil n|i 111 ,1 saddle liLiiikcl,
I'l. II rd in a ii( Ul\ old w,i-oii dr.uvn liv .in
..iiiiieiit relit ill a lioi^e, ,iiid the iiiaieh lo
\\'a^hiiiL;t(ili wa-. lie^iiii. The aiiii> toiiiul
with him were , I knite, .1 re|ie.ilin;; ( .irliine and
.1 ii.iirol re\i)Keis, .\di,ii\. Iiills of evehaiij^c
.111(1 ('inada inoiuy wvw lound on In-- person.
1 1, Hold \va^ niounled on a hoise, his lc^;-i tied
to the >tirni|is. and plat ed in ehar^i^e of four
men, .iiid the lorlei^c of relriliulivc justice
moved on .
" lli'Mi;4li ihc mills of (loii ^riiiil sluwlv.
Vi 1 lliL'v utukI cxcci-diM),' M'lall ,
'riioiiuli with |iaileiirr lie >i.iinls w.iuiii^,
Willi CN.ICllU'SS (iiiiuN lie .ill "
l''err\inL; onee more at Port Koy.il they
pti--hed on for llelle I'lain. reai'hiii^ there
alioul three o'clock in the afternoon, when
the\' einl), irked for Washington, where .1 few
oidv were pennilted to see the corpse for the
purpose of identil'ication. That this should
lie complete, the Secret, iry of War dire< leil
Col, ll.iker to summon ,1 nuinlier of witnesses
residing in Washinnlon who li.ul previously
known IJootli. Six witnes>e>. who h,id for
ye,ii> known him intim.iieU, were' ex.iniined,
.iiid identified the leiii.iins. SurL;e(U)-( nller.il
Barnes lait from the neck .ihoiil two inches of
the spinal coliiinn through ulii( h the liuliet
had passed. This i:- in the Cioveriimenl
Medical Museum in W.ishin<^ton, and is the
onh' relic of the assassin's body in existence.
No further mutilation of the rem.iins took
place in the slightest degree. I'dllowing the
further instructions of the Secretary of War
as to the disposition of the hody, it was t.iken
directly from the Riinhoat to the old peniten-
tiary building adjoining the arsen.il grounds,
and there in a cell a large ll.it stone was
r.iised from the tloor, a rude grave dug, the
body (hojiped in, and so ended the funeral
obseipiies of John Wilkes Hooth. the assassin.
Atzeroth, Payne, Harold and Mrs. Siirratt
were tried, convicted and hanged. The exe-
cution took place on the 9th of July, 1S65.
< Mhers, no (hmlii 1 cpially gilillN 111 intent,
es( .iped ; ,ind the mowUKIlts of some (jf
iliese will be set forth in this n.iri,iii\e, Inio
llie del, Ills of the trial .md ixeciition, I need
""' cuter. Complete .uioiints m.iv be h,id
Irom oiher soiiries, no doubt well known to
i'i>-' le.ider, Irom this point the ii.irr.itive
will press sle.ulily on tow.ird the " .Mystery ol
.M.il>le Island."
.Much of wh.it is yet to be s.iid is i)iit a
I ompil.ition of existing records, published
and unpublished, some of which li.ive been
kindly loaned to the author ol this chapter,
The reader will remember th.it John .\. I'ayne
w,is sent to Niutli C.irolin.i to look .ifter
Ceiu'r.il Sherm.in, and the lirst < lue to his
wluue.iliouis .11 the time of the .iss.issinalion,
i^ lound in the following correspondence,
whi( li we gi\e entire.
" .Mm. iKIIl.AlP Cl M . NiiK I II (' VKiUlS A, /
M.iy ;, is(,."i, \
" lloii. Wll I l.VM II, Si w \i;ii. SccKlaiy nf St. uc :
Sli:: I'",iicliisi/i| \(,u u-ill Imd .i U urr which I
fiaiiul ll.i.uiii^; ill ihc \\\v\ Iv the new ( invrniiniiil
vvliaif. al this placf, mi the evfiiing nf the ji| inst.
Ii was iKil iiiuil Ian; last iiiuhl that I siicceeilcil in
Icariiinu its iiiirpmi. ii liciiit; in ciiiher. Having'
li'.iriicd ils naluie. 1 l.isc iiu liiue in li.nisMiilliiin 11
In > on, I alsd send .1 coiiv of (lie IclUT ,is liaiisl.ilcd.
■|hi- hllri i\ideiilly h.id imi ln(ii 0|iciuil when
lliiowii ill ihr nvir. I ihiiiU the liiiid w.is liere
aw.iiiiii- the .iniv.il of Central Sheiiii.ui, but Icarn-
iiiL; dial he had gonr liv way of Wilmington, and
heiiig pi'sscd |jy delcLtives. threw it ovcrhinrd.
('11 As. I)K\ir.
•'I', S. — If the letter sh.uild lead In aiiylhiiiL; of im-
porlaiM e, s,, ih;,t ji would In- iirrcss.irv dial I should
tie seen. I c.ui he fomid al 1 jd Siuuh II St.. IjcIwitu
(illi and -\\ sis, I .nil at |iiescnt crifiancd in theCon-
snurtion f'oriis. K.iilroad I)f|iaitmeiii, .it this jilace.
Will he in Washiiii,'toii in a few days."
The following is a translation of the cipher
letter. It was one of those ciphers which are
re.idily translatable when the key is known,
and even that is not so very difficult to dis-
cover. The government experts were familiar
with it, having often seen the same cijiher in
cajittired rebel correspondence. Hence it
was e.isy to see that Mr. Denet's ingenuity
had given him the key to the true meaning of
the epistle.
u
Tin. MYSTERY OF MAPI.E I SI WD.
ii;
i
r
[Trnii'-hiliiin. I
" \V \^niNi, kjs, Aiiiil I ;. |S6;.
" ()l. VK |oHN — I :iin liai'l'V lo iiifunii yoii lli.il I'd.
has (li)iii' his work well, lii' is -..ife aiul dUI Alir is
ill hell. Now. >ir, all eyes ;\ie nn ymi — ymi musi
liriii',' Sheniiaii. (iraiil is in the hamls nf ( lUl Oiay
fie iliis Kcil Shoes showeil laik of nerve in Sew-
aid's r.ise. lull III! back in ({"""J "ider. Johnson
must couii' Old Crook has him in charye. Mind
Will the Uroiher's O.ilh, and you will h.ive no dill'i-
( iilu. All will he safe, and we will eiijov the fruit
of oiii labors We h.id ,i larjje ineeliiiu last iiinht -
all weie liciit on carrvinu out the |ironraiume to the
letter. rile i.iiK .ire l.iid for s;ife e.\il. Oh! -.ilways
liehind ~ lost the p.iss at ("ily I'oiiit. .\'ow, I say
.in.iin:— I'hr lives (if our brave ollieeis ami ihe life
of the South depends upon the c.irryiiin this pio
(,'ramiiie into c>irccl. No. 2 will yive you this. Ii
Is ordeird ih.it 110 more lellcrs be sent by mail.
When you wrile .iL^iiii, siijii no real n.ime, and scud
liy some of our fiii'iids who are eomiiii,' home. We
want you to write us how ilw news was received
tlieie. We receive ureal eni:ouranement from all
quarters. I hope theie will bi- no gelling weak in
the knees. I w.is |ti Millniiore yesterday. Pet. h.is
not yot there vet Don't lose youi nerve.
" Nil. Fi\i ."
H.
'I'li.U this (lelirioits iiit of treasonalilo rnrro-
siiondciice w.is sent to Jnhn .\ I'.iyiu- tluTo is
liille or no dual)!, l^'roin it wc .ilso Umi'ii that
" I'et." WIS lolin Wilkes liootli ; " Red Shoes,''
W'niid, ali.is Lewis I'.iyiie, ,md " ( )ld (!rniik,"
.\t/eii)tli. The letter was evidently written
early on the inuniinL; after the .issassination,
.md pi. teed in the liaiuls fif No. 2, to convey
to I'.iyne. It turther shows that there was a
nieetinj^'of the lirotherhood of the llliie (laiint-
jet on the very nij^ht of the assassination ; or,
if not of them as a cami), of some of them as
a hand of (-onspirators.
("lener.il Sherman's rhaiine of route throw
I'ayne out in his calculations. The ordinary
route from Raleigh, where (ien. Sherniin's
liearli|iiarters were at the time, to Washiiii^ton,
was by rail via (loldsborotigh and New Hern
to Moorhead ("ity. thence hy steatner to W'asli-
ington. There is im dotiht, as Mr. Denet
sttj;gests, that I'.ivne was on the witt h at
Moorl'icad Cjty, hut leaniino that Sherm.iii
had i;one to \\',ishinii;ton via \\'ilmin;4toii, ,iiid
hearinif, as he could not I'.iil to hear, the result
of the .tss.issination, he lost he. in, rid himself
of every thiiij; of a siispii imis n.iHire, .iiul lied.
We will iiroli.ilily strike his tr.ill .in.iin luforc
our narrative I loses. 'The followini; letter,
dated .it Kuff.ilo. .N". \'.. is id no liiil,- interest,
iiec.utse it s'erifies in a tlei^ree wli.il li.is .ilre.idy
been stated.
'• Hn 1 \io, N. Y., .\pill |S, isd;,
"Hon. \\. .M. Si wj.is. Secret, iry oi W.ir. Wa-li
in^'oii, I). ('.'.--My Dear Sir : — Miisiness h.is
I .illed me to Toroiito, ('. W., several limes within
the [i.ist two moiillis ; .md while iheie. I hive ^eeii
ami heard smue thlnjjs which m.iv be of m'ivmc to
the government,
'.Mioiit hve weeks .1^0, I saw at I hi ( jiu en's II old.
Toronto, a letter willteii by the Kile loliii V. Hr.ile,
just previous to his execution, which, after spe.ikiiii;
of his mock trial, imjiisl sentence, the iiidicial iiiiir
der tli "t W.IS to be perpetrated bv his exeiiillon, dr.,
called upon l.ii'ob Tliompson to vliiilic.ilc his ch.i|.
acter before his rountrymen of ihe South, and i\.
pressed his liellef tli.it Ills death would bespeedi'v
and terribly aveimed. The leltei llself w.is .1 I-
dressed lo ('olmiel I, Thompson, ( 'onfidir.ili ' '0111
niissinni'i .11 Toioulo, bin ihe siiper^-ci Iplimi on ihe
envelope, which w.is in .1 dlllneiil haiidwi iiiiiu ii.id
simpiv, [. Thoiiipson, Toroiil.i, ('.iiiad.i. ("his cir-
ciinislance c.iused It to be delivered lo .1 Mi. rhmnp.
son for whom It w.is iml liiiended. I w.is peinillled
lo pi'iusr. bill mil lo copv, the lellri 1 w.is in
formed, at lli.il lime, that the friends of lie.ilc weie
b.indid lo.i^elher for the double put pose of .iveiit;iiiu
his death, and aiiliii>; the rebel liovei iimeiit, 1
li.ive heard the same sl.ileinenl repeated 111. my times
since, and hive been fieipieiillv told bv clll/.eiis of
'I'oionto that some (jreal mischief w.is lieliiy plotted
by lefiijici in f'an.ida. I'm iiion' th.iii a moiilh
(ieneral l)i\'s name w.is iiHUlioned in my heariii);
in connection with llie ihie.ili md venue. nice, ke
},'ardin^j all such siorli's as idle tales, I never repi'aled
lliem. Last I'riday evenimf. while sililnn in Ihe
olh e of the (Queen's Hotel, I ovnlieard a coiivcrsa
lion between some persons sitlint; near me. which
convinced me ih.ii llie plot to miinlei the I'lcsidcnl
was known to them. The p.irtv w.is moiii iiliii,' over
the late rebel reverses, commeiillnn upon the execu-
tion of Heale, the extradition of Hiieley, et(.,aiiil
then llw'V cheered themselves after this fashion
" We'll make the damiu'd V.mkees howl vel."
" I-tovs, I'll liei ihat we'll j,'c| belter news In forty-
eiijht hours." " We'll have somethiii:^ from Wash-
iiiijton th.it will make people stare." Their words
at the time seemed to me to be simply vulval and
prof.ine. and implyiiii; idle threats wliicli could
never be eMcmiMl. The next mornlni; iS.ilnidav.
.April 151, when I heard of the assassination, I could
f.i
Vi
M
»
Il8
,■/ M'r/'A'.WA' ,)/ ////.; s/. /..I irK/.Vi / A7/ /.A'.
lint liil|, fccliMU (li.il ilic p.iily wriu iiuiilic-:ilt'(i ill
'lif ■!■ I- Oil Salunlav , I iiici luci (it ihciu iii cwiii-
|j.in> wilh Ik'ii Vouiii;, and one di nvn uiluis ,,t ihc
Si. ,\lh.iii>A i.ihlrts. ill llic li.ir-r.inm al Ihi ( )i , en •-
<)iic >aii|, "Gd.hI iu'u-. foi 11- ihis iiioiniii;;," aii.l
anoilici. ■■ Damn ulII cJ.miu, Ijui uui cMniiyli of it."
KaiMiig tlioii- glasses, one saiil, •' llcn-s lu AiuK
lolinsoirs iiirii iiiAt, to wliicli aiuitlici rf-[H)iuU'il.
" Vcs. dAmw lii-. sciiil." Oil iilaliiii: llii^ Mhinii-
stanr,- lo lion. i;. ij. S[iauMin- .iiul inlici-. tlicv
well' of llic o|Miiion tliat I slioiiM cniiiinimii;aii> lln'iii
lo voiii l)r|)aitiiifiit. l"oi my own pan, 1 In- to
refer lo lion. Ira Ilariis. of the Scnalf, ami 11. m.
Joliii .\, (iiisuoM. of ihf House."
" 1 am. my dear sii, verv trnlv voiiis,
(1. ('.■■
Mr r. is a rospectalile lawvei in tin-- iitv. and liis
si.iirmeni- are entitled lo credil.
i: (., S
Hi I I \|o, N. V.
The leitef siic.iks t'oi' itsilt'. .unl lU'ecK no
I nmnu'iU. 'I'lu- (inly < rili( i-m to oITit i- imi
iipdii thf Icttrr, hill iiikiii iIk.- writer. \\m]
he hk't'ii |iiiss(.'Nseil ol the shreudiu-s-^ ul;iili
llu- :uer.iL;e l.iuyer ()iiL;lit tn ]nissc->s, lie would
li.i\e written to the War I )(]i,irtliient liuii;
liefiiie. Written :ii the time it was, it oiilv
showed how ^reat w.i-, the l.n k ol delectixe
ability which e\ery ,L;reat lawyer ])o>^e.-se^ in
some dei^rce. In the wtiter. it only verified
the old ad.iL;e aliout " lo(;i<ini; the stalile alter
tile horse is stolen. "
I'he ne.vt letter in evidem e thrown .i ray of
li^ht on the tr.iil ol" Jolin Harrison Siirr.itl,
•ind aNo. from the descri|)lion, id" joliii A.
I'lMie. It i> from one (if the m.iny detective-
uhiih Were sent into (.!anad,i on a hunt for
tie- esciped ( unspir.itors. It i- d.iled al
Moiilre.il on the J7th (d .\|.iil. Its :;ie.it
len,;^th prei hides its insertion in full, liiit we
z'wi- the s.ilient jiortion-; tho-e rel.itiiiL; dirertly
to the subject in h.itid. JiM here, it may be
well to note tii.it a prominent KiiL^lishman in
.Montreal, who, iireviou- to the assassin.ition of
the I're-ident, was .i stron.i,' symp.itlii/er with
the S )iith, and was well accjuainted with the
("onfed.jr.lte .iL^ents in ( '.m.ida, and fully in-
form ,'d ol their plan- ,ind movements, s.iid
th.it the unrdcr of the I're-id.nt was too iniu h
for him: and he told .Mdirm.m l.ym.in. of
tint (ilv. that the Soinhern agents liad hcird
from the p.irty who murdered tin.' I're-ident.
and that they expected him in .Montreal wiihin
lorly-ei-ht hours; ,ind if noi the piiiK ipal,
one ( losely connected with the assassin.ition.
This information the ai.;ents received on the
20th (d' .\pril. 'I'iie re.idiu' will be.ir the d.ite
in mind, as he le.id- the e.Mracts from the
delei live'- letter:
■• MoN I Ki:\i , .\pril 27. i-iU;.
■ ("ill oM I I.. C. U \Ki k:
'■ Dear Sir — While in liiirlintjlon (\'l. 1. I olitained
a udiite linen li.iiid kercdiief. wdiich w.is dropped in
ihe \'ermoiil ("entr.d Depot, on Tlinrsd.iy eveniiiL;
,\piil 20, liy one of three siranije men who slept in
ihe depot ,ill I'liiii-day niuhl. These men c.iiiie fioni
die -le.iniei f.in.id.i, C.ipt. I'l.ii;^;. She was veiv lale
ihal ( veniiijf. and did not connert wilh the tr.iin
n.nih, lo .Monire.d, wim h h-.iM- at ; o'clock, r. \i.
riu\ e.iiiie into the depot lielween seven and .1 half
aihl eifilil o'cdock. after llie tiiylit uMtchniaii went on
duly. 'I'liey had no lj.iL:i;.i.t!e. liny weieall r.ilher
I ily dresse'l, and look (il h:uil. woiii out, and lireil.
Mie w.ilchni.in a-ked tlieiil wliii h w.iy Ihev weio
Lioin^: they -.lid ''lo .MoiilK.il." When told lli.tt
liie\ iDiild not tin th.it iiif,'ht, they said lliat thcv knew
il. lie .isked them if they w.inted a hotel; ihey s.iid
no. th.it they weie iioinjr t,) st.n in the depot. They
did not sei.'in to h.ive much to s.iy or do witli e.n h
oilier. Thev C'lile.l up on se.ils in dill'eient p.uts of
the room, and went to slee[i, and rem. lined i(uii t all
nii;hl. lie- uMtciiin.in .iw.iki iicd them ahoiii 4
o'clock ill the inorninL; to t.ike the Ir.iiii. which ihi \
did. .\fter they left he picked up two diily pocket
h.indkeicliiefs wlieie they had slept. While looking
lliein ovei. Ill found the 11, line of [. II. >uirall No. 2.
on one of them. |!.. \\u' w.itclim.ui. irot his iiiotiu 1
lo UM-h the h.indkrii hiefs, and on S.itnrd.iv lu wi 111
lo the i il\ . .iiid told the cii cu iiisi.ince of |in,| i ug them .
Delecin, C. (', ^rot the li.uiilkeii hi, f noiii li . and I
got 11 fiom him. l'.iic!o-ed \ou will iind ic li.
-,iid that one of ilie iiu n w,i- i.ill :iiid die oiheis
shoit, I le identilies the likeness of Sun. ill. as In iiig
one of die men. 1 then found die coiidiu lor who
1,111 till' li.iiii to I,--, \ liinction ih.ii morning, and he
too, fully ideiitiiie 1 Slur, Ill's likeiii -- .1- Im iiig one
of ihe men. I m \l found '". T. llob.irt. who inns
the ihronuli ir.iiii to St. .Mhans. \'rruioni. lie y.ive
a desciiption of two men only who hoarded liis tciiii
,11 l.--eN liiiii lion on I'liday morning, .\piil 2t..it
' "; o'' loi k. One w,is a l,ill in. in, liro,id shouhlers,
oiherwise -lim, straight .is ,in arrow, did noi look
like a laliorer. tlioiigli dressed ralher iioor; li.id on ,1
loose s:ick coal, cassimere shirt, light eoloied panis,
.iiid ,1 light ruling skull c.ip. Hi- hair w.is IiI.k k as
jet .Old straight: nolie.ird: w.is young not re than
iwenlv-one or Iwenlv Iwc. The oiIk 1 man wa- not
miuli over liee feel, (hick set, ^bnY{ m ( k full f.icc,
f
t
A ^IlK'.lJiN I. Ml, 111 l.N 1111. M. l.AWKl.NLl.,
1
lis!
i
1
THI-: MYSTERY OF MAI'LE ISLAXD.
131
I
1
sandy complexion, sandy rliin wlii^ikcrs and no
ollici hoard. Ili- won- a snfl lilack-lclt liai, dark-
colored Nack coal, lii;lil-rolorcd panls, and a reddish
colored llanncl sliirl lie had Init litllo to s,iy; let
the tall man .lo the talkiii!;. They both Rot oil" the
train at St. Allians. He felt as if they were a pair of
assassins, and in speaking lo a friend about the
matter, he j,M\e vent to his suspicions. He fiillv
identilied Siiir.itts picture as that of the tall one, and
said that he would know him anywhere. " * '■
There is no doubt that Snrratt is in this province,
tofreiher with some otliers, but whom I cannot tell,
laiclosed I send yon a likeness of one of the P.iynes,
of wJKini there are seven brothers, :dl Isenliickians.
Three of theni are said lo be in South America, one
is in jail at St. .\lb.ins, and the others aie heie un-
less yon have them wiili you. I'lie picture is marki'il
on the back. If of no use, please send it back to the
owner. I am L;oin>; out along that portion (if Canada
bindeiiiiK on M.iiue, Wrmontand .\cw Vork. M.iny
rebels aie in there. Vcuing Sanndeis and others are
there now. I'orterlield, a dangerous rebel, is mak-
ing |)reparations to go lo N.ishville; ought not to be
.diowed. Trowbridge, anotiier. h.is gcuie to I)e-
'roit. " Respectfulh. etc.,
It was th.it very pictitrc of "one of the
I'.iynos," wliich fully fevealcd the identity of
the man Wood, who attenijited tlie .assassina-
tion of Secielary Seward. It was, in fact, liis
own i)ortrait taken in .Montreal, some time )ire-
viotis to starting for Washinoton to report to
John Wilkes Hootli. Tiie ne\l eomtminiea.
tion is aihlressed to Secretary .Stanton. It
was dated at .Montreal on the 29th of .Ajiril,
1865. We .ippend an exlr.irt or two :
•Hon. K. M. Srwr.iN. Si'creiary of War:
"Dear Sir.— There is no doubt that I. II. Snr-
ratt .md lohn .\. P.iyne were in the city vesier-
d.iy, and that they left last night in company with
Cleineut C. Clay and others probalilv for Toronto
I am a private detective lieie, wiiliout aulhoiitv to
.ict for your government. I lo.d;ed the city .ivi'r for
<;.. one of H.d;er's men. but bmnd that he left for
the bonier townships ves|erda\- morning, so I failed
'" ■*''<■ '•"" * * ■ I am not at all certain
that they went lo Toronto; it is onlv niy opinion,
riiev mav h tve gone to I'hree (•iivers. as there are .1
great manv Southern refugees there, or lo Tanner,
where ii is said that John A. I'ayne has heietofore
spent a great deal of his time, together with three of
hi- brothers. " Respeclfnilv. etc.,
.Mioiit thi- lime a letter was received at
Wasliin-ton, post-m.irked Detroit, hut written
at Tanner, Canada, 1)y one John P. H, Hall,
of that place, and directed : " To Andrew
Johnson, President of the United States, or
other authority. " Its contents are as follows :
" With certainly I state loyon that John A. Payne,
and thirteen others, are sw(jrn to murder .Andiew
Johnson, r„ M. Stantcm, L. S. Fisher, and others,
within thirty d.ays from April 2;,d, 1865. The ar-
rangements are all made and in progress towaid
execution. I do not know where lohn A. Payne is
now. lie was at Montreal when this plot was pro-
jected. His brother (whose name I do not recollect)
is impliialed. Seven of the plotters are at Washing-
Ion, four at Bedford, F'ennsylvania, and the thir-
teenth is with Payne. These are plain f.acts. \^^^
not reveal this, bnl arrest John A. Payne and his
brother. I send this to Detroit to avoid suspicion.
' Yours, etc..
The Montreal private detective was right in
his ojiinion, at least so far as Clement C. Clay
was concerned; because, ainonj; many other
names registered at the (jneen's Hotel,
Totrmto, on the evening of .\pril 29, 1865,
was that of C. C. Clay. Whether Snrratt and
Payne were in his company remains to he-
seen. Jacob rhomi)son and Larry McDonald
were already there.
So far, the testimony as to the whereabouts
of John II. Snrratt is fairly complete. In the
absence of direct and absolute proof, it may,
at all events, be accepted as strong circum-
stantial evidence. We now jiresent yet another
letter, written by a colored man, which, though
.inonymons, and as such not entitled to take
rank as evidence, yet it harmoni/.es so well
with wh.tt has been already learned that it
seems worthy of some credence. .\t all
events, it is here given place, and left to the
judgment of the reader.
The letter is postmarked " Xiagara Falls,"
and is dated "Monday, May 2nd, 1865,"
and directed " To the Secretary of War,
\Vashingion, D. C," The writer says :
"I beg of yon not to let any one si'e this letter. I
dare not sign ii for fear that iny name may somehow
come out. I send yon mv name and business on .i
separate paper so that you may judge whether I
have an opportunity to learn what I lell ymi He
snrc to ilesirov it. I send this to be mailed at
.Niagara Falls, hecans.' a letter directed to you and
t;
.-/ S(^lT/\/U O/- ;■///■: S/ /.///A'A.WA A'/;/ A'.
\
ilr(i|.|H(l into ilii-. iMi'.liillnL', wmikl In- hmiI !■>■ I.ikc
I lioiii|>si)ii lic'liiii' il was sriil uiu. If it u.is cvri strii
at all. What I waul you In know is ilial tluic is an
awful iicst 111 ii'liiK line at lliis liuu'. ('I.i\. Suuali
an 1 I'lliii A. i'ayiu' mv \\iiv. I'licv raiiu' Saliinl.iN'
Willi a lol iif .illu'is. Siiriall and ('.lync --kipiitd cnil
.asl iiiiilil aiiJ iiiuv llu'ir i^ ihc vciv lU'vil In pay.
II si't-ins ili.u Siiri.ill w.is ilir irr.i-imr ol' smiic
Siiriclv lli.il W.I-- hiu'il III iiiuiik'C i'li-iili III l.iuriiln
and a loi 111 iiilu'i-. and lliai I.ikr I'liiiinp-.oii Innk
the giild oul of llu' li.mk liirr and paid il nvtr In liini
and I'.iyiiL', and lli.il iluy wiri; to divide ii among
till' ollicis : 1)111 tliey skipped niii and now iliey CTii'l
liiid liidc nor liaii of lliein. I wonldnl liko In lie in
llieii slioes if llie nan^j t;cls lliem. and iliey aie s;niiin
ill piusiiil. riuy are plollini; now lo innidei .1 lot
iiinie in reveii;;e for the killinji of Hnolli, and if
I'.n ne and llie rest are liiiii>{ tliey say thai lliey will
bill II Washinnlon. Von can't tell linw iiiiicli I hear,
and nf course 1 don't hear il all, as 1 am onlv in ihc
room when I l.ike liipmr In iheiii. whicli is pii'ily
ofieii ihonuli, tnii nnr nl the Liirls hears heaps and
tells me all ahniii ii. .\nyway, yon fnlks in W.ish-
iiiylon oiijrhl lo look oiil. I hope yon will call li
and h.iiin ivery one of them, especially Jake 'riioiiip-
snn. I hale him. Thai is all 1 can write now.
])Ut little more remains to Ije said, .iiiil that
is siareelv more than conjecture. This tnucli
is positively known. .\ sharp lookout for J.
II. .Siirratt and John .X. I'ayne, was kept at
St. Catliarines. (.'an.ida. tor sometime. 'I'iiat
city was a great place ol resort lor Southern
rebels, anionL; whose citizens they found a
welcome, especially .uiioiil; a certain class.
Then, too, Col. iJeverly Roliinsoii, of \'ir-
ginia, was the projirietor of a fashionable
hotel there, which became a noted resort for
Southerners ami Soiitiierii sympathi/ers, and
where rebellion ai^ainst the (lovernment of
the I'nited States was as o])enly discussed as
it ever was in Cliarleston, South Carolina,
where it orij^inated. Hut the reliellion went
down with a crash and so did Beverly Robin-
son's hotel business, to the sorrow of several
capitalists of St. Catharines, whose only se-
curity for heavy loans w.is a life insurance
policy, .md the "lionali, sail." of Col. Ile\erly
Roliinson, one of Viri;ini,i's F. V. V.'s, on
neither of which as late as |V„S|, had thev
ever realized a cent. Whether the indebted-
ness has since been canceled, this deponent
saitli not.
r.ul John II. Surr.itt and John A. I'.iyne
were loo shrewd to \ isit St. t'ath. nines. The
former made his way to Three Rivers, (Que-
bec, where he was protei teil for a time by
I-.ither lloucher, .1 I'.itholic piiest. He went
tlieiice to Italy, enlisted in the I'.iiial Zouaves,
w.is exposed by another Papal soldier by the
ii.ime of Ma^sie, extradited, tried .md ac-
cpiitted in Washington in i.'^dS, and now lives
in iJaltimore. .\ man bearing the tlescription
of John A. I'.nne. was seen in the vi( inil\ of
Sh.iibot and Rideati hikes. Out., .md at
Smith's l''a!ls during the latter part of .May,
1S65, and shortly afterward at (iananoque,
where he sta\ed for a d.iy or two, ,md then
settling liis hotel bill, in p.iyment of which
he olfered a gold |iiece of English coinage,
he left, no oiii' kneu- whither. Was it John
.\. I'ayne who made his appear. ince .it
l''isher's Landing ? The description ;ind
the time tally well. It may with some show
of reason be asked: If he wanted tti hide
liimself effectually among the islands, why did
he not choose some spot among the myriad
islands of the Admiralty group near (lanano-
ipie, or in the N'a\y grotiji below .' luideiitly
he was a shrewd <il)ser\er. lie well kiuw that
the defrauded Brotherhood would hunt him
to the death, hut he also knew that they would
be unlikely to venture to the American side
of the St. Lawrence; while they would sear< h
every island in the (.'anadian Channel. lie
knew, too, that Baker's government (hdeclives,
would never think of looking for him on tlie
L'nited States side of the line. Besides, h.ul
he loc.ited in either of the island groups men-
tioned, the Admiralty, for instance, his sup-
plies would necessarily be livavri from ( Ian-
anoque, a dangerous point for him to visit. It
in the Navy group, it was not easy to procure
needed siiiiplies, without travelling some dist-
ance. Then, too, the main rliannels of steam-
boat travel at that time, es])ecially for the Can-
adian steamers, passed through those groiijis.
Locating where he did — if indeed it was
him, showed great shrewdness. Maple Island
is at some distance from any of the regular
line= of steamboat travel, and from anv of the
channels taken liy excursion steamers, which,
1
i
1
Till: MYSTERY OF MAPI.i: /S/.tXP
l-\3
;U tlial time, were few and far between ; and
while the inland is l)y no means indden, lii.it
fa<'l(it itseil was an (.'lenient of safety; because
no one would think of searthiny an island so
open to the \ iew of every one. That a jiarty
of the or six men made their api)earance in
(lananoiiue in the month of August, 1865,
making inquiries about a man who answeretl
the description of John A. I'avne, aireadv
given, is a tact that may i)e easily substantiated.
'I'hey altirmed that they all belonged to a
party of workmen who had been emi)loyed
that the fateful sign of the three crosses was
cut ujion ihe breast of the murdered lu'rinit.
'I'hat of itself is almost ])ositive eviileni e that
he met his doom at llie hands of the lirolher-
hood, and that not robbery only, but ri'venge,
was a prime fa( 'or m the assassination.
Scores of instances can be produced where
the lunlies of those who tell vi( lims to tlie
relentless oaths of the secret lirotherhoods of
the South during the rebellion were marked
in like manner. Kven the " Ku Klux Klaus "
of 1866, 'i>7 and Y)8, during the reconstruction
"III1I.I-. iK\cn," i;ki..)\\ iaikv I \N'n.
near Montreal, and that the man for whom
they were looking drew the pay for them, and
then ran aw.iy. They had followed him to
Smith's Kails, ami from there could get no
further trace of him.
There is some significance, too. in the fact
that after the burning of the cabin on Maple
Island, nothing more was seen of the party of
supposed Southerners, who had for sonu days
previous sojourned .it the Hubbard and Walton
Houses in Clayton.
liul of yet greater signifu ante is the f.ut
period, left in many instances the same bloody
sign u[)on the breasts of their murdered
victims.
Reader, the testimony is all in ; whatever
ma\' be its value as evidence, it is wholly a
matter of record, accessible to those who care
to investigate, 'ihe writer has sought far and
wide lor additimial jiroofs, but tlu'\ <(Uild not
be found by him ; and now the judgment
remains with you ; for with this par,igr;ipii, lie
submits for your decision Tiik Mvsri;k\ ok
M.MM.K lsi,.\Nl).
OLD FORT FRONTEN/VC AND MODERN KINGSTON.
I^RVORF. tliaii two cotiturios ,igo, ilie .iho-
l^^l ri.^iii.il iluclliTs alon.n \hv River Si.
J-.iuTciicc, and on the islands wliicli form its
wondrous arc:lii|)cla,noes, witnessed a (lisjiLiy
never before seen on the inland waters of the
tjreat we^tern continent. First came an atl-
vanced ^uard of canoes, disposed in four lines,
followed by two large bateaux, gay with Hags
and banners; then other lines of canoes bring-
ing up the rear — the whole constituting a
llotilla of 1 20 boats, conveying a force of
Irench troops, 400 or more, under the 1 om-
niand of Louis de Buade, Count de iMonlenac,
whose mission was to establish the Inst military
post of any note above Montreal at the place
called i)y the Iroquois " Katanxpioi," which,
interpreted, means : " A land of many lakes; "
— the Kingston of to-day.
The flotilla was met by a deiiutation of the
oldest and most inlhiential chiefs of the great
confederation of the Five \ations, who saluted
tiie Admiral, according to the journal of Count
do Frontenac, " with evidence of much jov and
confidence;" and was by them guided into
"one of the most beautiful and agreeable
harbors in the world, capable of holding 100
of the largest shijis," into which from the north
flous the waters of the Cataraqui, from the
west and southwest those of thai most beauii-
ful of bays the Hay of (Juinte, and roi nding
in from the south the waters of Fake Ontario.
With bugle-call and beat of drum, and with
salvos of artillery, banners waving, and all the
" poni]! and circumstance " of military display,
the llotilla landed on the point now occuiiied
by the Tete dii I'ont l!arra< ks. Two years
previous. M. de Conrcelles had selected this
spot as a suitable site for a fort, the line^ lor
which, under his dire< tion, were marked out
by M. de Talon. On July t.^ 167;,, a grand
council, c()n^isting ni ihe Iro.piois deiiuiation
on (ine side and Count I'rontenac and the
Ireiuh ofticerson the other, assembled at tlie
tent of the Admiral. The pipe of peace
was smoked, and Carakdiuie, a distinguished
chiel, opened the council with a speech in
which he e\|iressed the utinosi respei I for the
Creat l\uher Onnontio. Count l''ronienac
an^wered in a speech expressing great pleasure
at meeting his Indian children, and afler a
distribution ,,f presents to all, men, women
and children, the council was broken up, only
to be repealed a few days later with another
still more formal and elaborate.
While the Count was amusing his aboriginal
friends, wf)rk on the lorl was pushed with the
greatest vigor. The ground was cleared,
trenches dug, jjalisailes set, and the keel of a
vessel laid, whic h, when completed, would
give him the command of Lake Ontario. The
command of the fort was given to M. de la
Salle, lo whose comprehensive schemes it
owed its existence. Charlevoix exjilains the
object of its ere( tion. He savs: '• 'I'here
was formerlv a great trade here, especi.illy
with the Iroipiois, and it was to entice them
to us, as well as to hinder their carrying their
skins to the Fnglish and to keep these savages
in awe, that the fort was built." Hut not even
('harlevoix had comprehended the wider |il ins
of La Salle. Horn of a wealthy burgher of
Rouen. La Salle ( ame to Canada when twenty-
two years of aue. filled with Ihe dream of reach-
ing Chin.i by w.ay of the Oli.nva river. He
was endowed with great firmness and jiersevcr-
aiK e, and was eager to distinguish himself in
the rank", of the great discoverers. Havin"
read Joliet's report of the great river, the
i
4
•'
t
oi.n i'(U< I / h'o.x / /:.\.u- .i.\7> ,i/"/'/A'\ a7.\v,.s-/v',\-.
1:7
Mi^-.l,>M|l|li, III t.lkc |MJSM->SI(lll (if llll' V.l>l
i\'i;M)n sui'.tli (il the .urc.il hikes, which i>
u.itcrcd hy its conlluents, lierainc the iliXMin
111 his life and tiic suiiiiiiit (it his ainbitioii.
I'o thisciiil, I'ort I'loiiicnac was the liisl>te|),
the next was Niagara. Iliit luit i'ronlenai
must first l)c euiniileted. In 1674, he secured
a L^raiit of the fort, a hiri^e tract of the sur-
rounding country and tiie adjacent i-1 ind>.
The original fort was enlarged and eia iosed
with ramparts and bastions of stone, and con-
tained, in addition to a range of barracks and
officers' (luarters, a well, a mill, a bakery ,ind
a forge. Where now stands the oldest portion
of Kingston, a village of I'Vencii colonists gri'w
up. A village of Irocpiois. and the ( h.ipel and
I'resbyl^ry of the Recollet iMiars were near by.
Here was a little Kingdom over which I, a
Sdle reigned supreme; and had not
'■ lbs v.iiiliiiif; ^iinliiiidii o'er lr:i|icd ilself."
he might have made of Kingston a place of
great imporl.mce, scarcely second to Montreal,
liut to the west and sonih, against the stid)-
born resistance o( both Jesuit l'"alliers and
Canadian traders, he was deliuinined to push
Ins way. liuilding a vessel at I'"rontenac. he
sailed to Niagara, and there established a
•• i)alisadoed fort," built ami launcheil ,1
vessel on Lake ICrie, which was lost with her
first cargo of furs, and finally after encounter-
mg and overcoming obstacles that would have
deterred a less determined man, he sailed
down the Father of waters to the (lulf of
Mexico, and finally perished through the
treacherv of .1 follower. All this is but a part
of '.he history of the New i''ranc(j.
The infam lus 1 )euonville. who succeeded
1,1 Sdle in command of I'On I'rontenac. by
his imprisonment ,uul transpoitation to !•' ranee
of si'veral Iroipiois chiefs, where they died in
confinement condemned to the galleys, brou<;ht
about a terrible retribution, which culminated
in the massacre of the innocent inhabitants of
l.achine, the desolation of the country around
Cataraipii, and (he destruction of the fort,
which was demolished b\ ihe Indians. On
his recall to the place, Count de I'ronienac
found the country devast.ited, and smoking
rinns in the pl.ue of prosperous villages ; anil,
what was more portentous, ,1 dim war-cloud
was rising u|iiin the horizon line between the
New l-'rance and the New llnghuid, which
boded evil days in the near biture. This
siHirred him t>n to rebuild the fort, which he
did at once.
liul despite hi-, forebodings, .1 h:df ( enlury
of traiKpiility followed, and so little did the
country jirogress, th.it after Count I'ronten.ic's
death in 169.S, the fort and settlement at
Cat,irai|ui were almost completeh' lost sight of,
and yet his fears were prophetic : for Franc e
was soon to lose her possessions in the New
\'.'orld, and after (Quebec, I'ort P'rontenac was
to feel the force of the blow, directetl by (ien.
James Abercrombie. and delivered by Col.
John ISr.ulstreet (jn .August 25, ij^S.
The garrison of the fort had been wiihdr.iwn
lo protect another point, leaving only seventy
men under the command of a gallan; oflicer,
.M. lie Ndy.iii. liradstreet erei ted .1 b.ittery
where the m.irket-place now is, jml soon com-
Jielled the garrison to capitulate, but on siu h
terms as br.ive men are enlitled to. W'h.ii
was ol yet greater importance lo the Fiiglish,
the surrender of the fort induded the French
navy on Lake Onl.irio, consisting of tuentv-
two vessels, eighty pieces of artillery, and .1
large (pi, unity of small arms and ammunition.
In the beginning of the Kingston <if lo-d,iy,
traces of the old fort and of th breast-works
erected by Col. I'.radstreet were visible for
many years. In fac t a b.istion of the old fort
IS yet traceable on the jiarade of the Tete dii
Font IJarracks. I'or many years a few I'leiK h
and Indian f.imilies loitered in the vicinity,
but it was not until the coming ol the U. K.
Loyalists at the close of the W'.ir of the Revo-
lution, that the place sprang into notice.
During that war, all the military and naval
operations were transferred to Carlton Island,
in the south channel of the St. Lawrence river,
where, in 177S. a strong fort was erected by
order of C,en. .Sir Frederick II ildimand, after
whom il was named.
The first little band of loyalist refugees were
guided to this point by Captain C.rass, who
had once been a jirisoner in Fort Frontenac.
I2S
/ .-'Oi r/:\in' oi- rill s r. i..}\\ i<i\u- av/va-.
f
('(•iiiiiij; from N\.u Wnk by w,(\ mI \\w St.
I.nvifiK (.■. tlicy Irft liicii r.iiiiilic^ ,11 Sold, ic-
liiiniiiL; tluir III uiiiUT. aiiil m ilic ■'|irin,n lonU
ii|i tlicir ,:;iMnts ,it Catar.Kiui, ciiik' up the river
with their f.iiuilics in liatciiix, .iiid takm- pu,-
scssiou, A sciDinl li, 111(1 (it '■ I'll-iiiii l''ath(_'i>,"
S(.>(.-kii),n a saiK til iry ii(.'(aiisc ol ii(.'rsc( iitidii.
ami liiundin- ai diux' a nation and a partv.
As in all new settlements, lor inaiiv \iMr-,
lite was exceediiiL^lv priiiiiii\e; a mortar and
peslle was their mill, and not iinl reipu ntlv
was .1 larin sai ril'K ed in order to li\e. So
j^reat liecame the need-, of the inlant settlement
that 17SS was lon^; rcmemhered a^ the " lainine
vcar," because of the terrible drouth, which
almost entirely destroyed the (Tops, ,ind re-
duced the people to the ver-e of st.irv.iti'm.
With all its drawbacks, Kin-Moii became a
place ol C(jnse(iiience ; trade im reased, the
buildiilj; of a i;rist-imll on the Cataraipii river
was a m.Uerial help, exports of h(jme-r,ii-,cd
luddiicts increased, the settlers be-an to re-
pl.ice their !iome-m id,- labrics with (lollies of
forei-n maniitai lure, shops iiK re,ised, >o that
what i> now known as {'riiK ess street, the
|uin(ipil street of the city, w,is then c, tiled
" Store street."
It w.is not until iSij, however, that Kings-
ton ( .mie prominently into noti( a- ; but ,is il,-'
|>rin( ip.il C.inadi.m port on Lake Ont.irio .md
at the he.id of the .St. Lawrence river, with ,1
ma-nilnent harbor, and so siiu.ited th.it it
bc( ,ime an e.isy pnsi of obserwition on Sa( kets
ILirbor, w\ important post of ihe rnited
States, it could not Ik.- nenle( led ; but on the
contrary it spr.m^ into import, mce ,it ,1 bound,
A government ilock v.ird o(( iipied the j^roimds
where the Kov.il ,Milii,try Colle-e buildm-s
stand, while the b,iy between that ,ind the
slope of tlie present j-'ort Henry, w,is the
mooriui; -round for vessels of w.ir. During
this u-.ir, the ori,L;in,il lort lleiirv w,is be^un.
a series of block houses were ere( ted, wlii( h,
connected by loni; stcx k,ides, were deemed
suffi( lent for the defense of the ( itv. L.iter .1
' haiii of m.issive .M.irtello towers ,ind stone
w,ills took the place of the lot; block hous( s
and stock.ides, d'he t,dl towers, with their
coni( ,il red ( .ips, look well as we .ippro.u h
Kingston li\ sle,imei, u hil(- the modem lort
lleiHv, winch w,H noiere(led imiil more tli,m
tweiitv ye, irs .liter the w.ir (jI 1 ,S u 13, |,„,|,.,
ilown upon lis from tlu' summit (j| tin- lull u Jih
a sort ol trrim deli, nice, more the result o|
dec, IV ih.in of stren-th. lort Lredcric k, ,111
cirth work m Iront of the Milil.iry Collej^e, is
re.illy .1 stroii- point in the ileleiises c)f Kings-
ton. ,\s U,r tlu- list, they (an si.ircelv be
e\(elle(l ,is a show; in which tluir
.ureatest riv.il on this .(pntiiient is the svstein
ol liuiilicitions wlrn h defend the eiilr.iiK e to
the 11, ly ol S.in ]■ i.im isco.
lor m.iiiy y(-,irs Kin-sion h.is bcenesp((i-
.;ll\ emiiu-nt as ,111 eibu ,ili(m,il point. In 17.S6.
I >r, SliM'l, the lirsi ( ler-Mii,in ,ind tlu- fust
'"■■■"■l"'!- Ill Ipper Cm, Ida (-st.ibiished a
"(ir,iiiim,ii S(hool,"and in i,Sos ihe schools
ol Kin-ston |i,id .lit, lined siu li promineiKi'
th,ii ko( hefoiici'ild (K-eiiied them \Mirih\- of a
somewh.it extended iiolKc in his memoirs. In
r.S-io the I'niversity of (^(uec-n's ( 'olb--,- w.is
loumled. .111(1 its ■growth li.is been tint of
(".111,1(1,1, ,111(1 ils re( o'-d (,f Work done, .1 noble
one. lis hopt-s for tlu- liiiure .iic liiij;ht.
The Kov.il .\Iilil,iiy College, tin- " W.-sj
Point of Cm, id, I," is Ire. lied at leii-th in ,m-
"'hir (h,ipler: bul, in addition lo (^)m-en's
Lniversiiy, wiili its 1 )(-p,iri iiuiil - (rf Arts,
Sciem e. L.nv .md hivmiiv. there .na- the
Women's M,-,|i, ,il Colje-e. .md the Koy.il
('olle,i;e of I'hvsiciaiis and Siir,^eons. both of
wliK h in .iflili.iled to ihe (Jiiecii's I'liiversitv.
The ('olh-L;i,ile Institute ((insists of ilu- two
older IIi_L;h Schools, amoiiL; whose -r,i(ln.iles
h.ivc been Premiers of the ProMiue .iml of
the I )oinmi(iii.
Kinnsion at one time n.irrowlv escaped be-
lli- the I ,i|iil.il ol I'pper Caiiad.i. In f,u t it
u.is here that Lieut. -( ;ov(-rnor Smuoe w.is
sworii Into ollice, in .111 old wooden ( hurcli
wlii( h fronled the 111,11 ket phue,— his fusl
Cibiiu-t chosen and writs issm-d to ((invene
the Le.i;isl,itiire The new Le-isl,iiiire met
OIK e at Ni,iu;.ir,i, ,md then ,idjoiirne(l to \'ork,
now Toronto, which pi, ice. ,is a matter of
I.K I, had been ,ilr(-,i(!v dec idcd upon as tlu-
future ( ,ipii.il of ill,- Lpper ProMiK a-. Tlu
" (_)ld lioroiigh " of \i..,L;.ir,i h,is .ilw.ivs been
Ill
l| !
r
iU.n loKi I i<iK\ I i.x.ic .i.\i> ,U''/'/;a'.\ k/xiisiax.
•31
excessively imtiul <\\ ilu l.u l that it was lor a
tiiiU' tlic I ajiital i){ I'l'iicr ('aiiada; hut as Ijc-
Iwccii it ami Kiiifistdii, liimors arc faiily
iMsy. ill 1^.(0 .( |, linuL'vcr, Kingston \ir-
< anil' the scat iil' gi)\ cniiiH'iU of llie I'uitrd
i'ro\ iiKi's, until its reinov.il to Ottawa.
Hark 1)1' Kini;stnii i^ a ino^l im|irnMii^in^
rL'L;i()ii ol'(:oiinlr\ so far as looks is ( om crniil,
thouijii riili ill minerals, < hiclly iron, lead and
pliospliates, which the Kinnslnn and I'cm-
lirokf Railway has o|ieiied up and made
irilnilary to Kinj^ston, thereby increasing
the |iro->|ierii\' <jf the jilac i' more than any
other road has done; and ulic-ne\er all this
rich mineral (oiiiitr) is fiillv iU'\ elo|ied,
Kin.L;ston will become a city of far greater
im|iortance than the most sanguine of her
citi/ens have yet dreamed of
Among the latest impiov enients in King-
ston, is the I'.lcctric Street Kailwa\, than
which no other city (an boast a betti'r. Com-
jiact anil coni|)lete, willi a servi( e in every
wa\' satisfactoi \ . with elegantlv ei|ui|i|ied c .irs
suiijilied with the very latest electrical a|]|ili-
ances, liiiely l'iirni-.hed, heated and lighted b)'
ele(tiicity in the winter and furnished with
elegant observation cars in stimnic r, it is one
of Kingston's most enjoyable attrai tions.
l''orming a belt line, wliic h coniiileteh' en-
circles the <ily, it braiK he.- out to the out-
lying town of I'ortsiniiuih, to the Kingston
I'cnilentiarv, to Roekwood insane .\->\iuiii.
aiicl to the beautiful and |io]iular grouiiils of
i.ake ( )nlario I'ark, whose shaded shores
sloping away to the lake, al'ford an enclianl-
iiig view of ()ld ()iilario and the ri\er St.
Lawrence, interspersc'd with island gems, a
scene of surpassing lo\eliness. A si'parate
bram h of the road nin> to the historic t'ala-
raipii Cemetery, the chosen resting place of
many of ('anada's cherished dead ; nuMi
prominent in her affairs, who made her his-
tory gloriiMis, whose memories will ever
remain green in the hearts and homes of her
people, and to whose tombs a \ isit is but a
brief pilgrimage, — of |)atriotism to the ( iti/eii,
of admiration and respeit. to the visitor; be-
cause true greatness and wiuth have no
nalionalitv.
Starting at the foot of iJroi k street, near
the landing of the steamers of the I liousaiid
Uland and St. I ..iwreiici.' River Steamboat
Coiiip, lilies, the l^lei trii lleb Line runs along
Ontario street, p. 1st the I'own II. dl .iiid City
iJiiildings, the Kingston and Pembroke Rail-
way Station, the Hotel lM(Uitcna( and the
statiiui of the (Irand 'rriink Railw,i\-, up
William street to Kirg. and thence along
King, the street of residences, pa^l many of
the luiest homes of Kingston's citi/ens, jiast
the great buildings of the Merch.int's Hank,
and of the I'.ank of Montreal, along the south-
ern edge of the ('it\ I'ark to .McDonald
I'ark with its i'ormidaljle guns ,ind .Muriiey
'i'ower I' orl.
Here the line turns to the right on liarrie
street and nins.iloug the west side ol theCiis
I'ark, beneath a m.ignilicent ,iri h of gr.nid old
elms, a be.uitiful .i\eliiie graced with m.iiiy
elegant homes. rurning on I'nion street
(Dines the (■ri( ket Meld, the sporting grounds
of Kingston's athlet( s : and iiest the ('ouii
House and County i'rison.both l.irge ,ind im-
posing structures. \e\l we have views of the
Cioveinmeiit Drill Shed, the Skating and ( url-
iiig Rinks, the (Jiiecn's College, the Infant's
IloiiU', the Kingston ('ily Hospital, indsever.il
be.iuliful conntrv resideiK e^ belonging to
i'",nglish families, suirouuded bv I'leg.int
grounds ,iiid exteii-^ive lauii^, and tluii we
.irrivc al the juiu licui at the ( urner of Alfred
and Cnioii streets. I'lmn ihis |ioint we may
continue out Cliioii street, visiting the I'eiii-
teiitiarv, l'(Utsmoutli, the Insane Asvhini, (U'
I.ake ()nt.iiio I'.irk, above refeiiiil to. To
ins]n( t the I'eniteiitiarv (U Roekwood Asylum,
permission may be obtained on .application to
the u .irdeii, ,111(1 visitors will lind both verv
interesting.
'I'o make lliis side trip, we change cars at
Alfred street. Returning to that point, wi>
again cli.mge to the llelt Line, and ))roceed to
swing around the grand cir( le. I'irsf come
the buildings and grounds of \'ictori.i !-W hool
and the Collegiate Institute, and .ibo X'ictoria
P.irk, and the next turn brings us to the junc-
tion on Princess street, the business and < om-
nier( iai street oi the city, gorgeous in displ.iy
132
.-/ S(>fr/:.\7U (If rill ,s/. i..\\\i<i:sci_ i<i\ii<.
and .1 vciitablr hive of trade and irallii. At
till' jiincliun on l'rin(■c^s stiret, wo nia\' ( lian,L;i,-
cars for ("ataraniii Cemetery, and in a lew
minutes vx( lianL;e the hnsy linni of the ciiv
tor a scene of rural qniet. Continuing; dou n
I'riiK e->s street, lio\ve\er, in addition to the
i;reat mercantile houses (jf lliecitv, we seethe
imjjosinL; buildings of the Vomij; Men\ Chris-
tian Association, St. Andrew's Chun h, Kings-
ton Business College, the ()[)era House, and
])ass within a block of the <;reat Catholic
Cathedral. 'I'tirniiii,' .i^ain lr(ini I'riiu ess to
King, and from King to l>ro( k, we pass down
lirock, jiast the Market Siiuare, liasing swinig
around tlie entire cir( le in forty minutes -■
that is to say, the iielt Line |)ro]ier, lea\iim
the branch excursions out of the c|uestion.
In that time w have seen the largest part
anil the most interesting objects of interest in
this old hi loric city, exi ejiting, of course, the
trips to I'ortsinouth. tiie I'enitenliarv, the
Asylum and ( )nlario I'.irk, and to Catara'pii
Cemetery. These taken, will add lo the
time, but are well worth the expenditure of
linth time and money. |)iiring the summer
months, the ilelt-Line cars run every live
minutes, reducing the time of w.iiting to a
minimum. I'.i.sengers niav, if they choose.
reverse the order of the trip, and suing
aroimd the circle in the opposite direction.
Should such lie the t ase, then must our brief
description also be read in r<'verse order.
In an\ case, we have arrivc.'d at onr stanin;.
pomi, near the steamei landing, and it' .m ex-
cursionist, we may go mi board at our leisure.
I'liere are feu liner views to be had th.in
from the dec k ol the I'anpire State, as she
swings au.iv Ironi her wharf on a |)leasant
m.uniii;; lor a riin down among the 'I'housand
Islands. 'Ihe sim, rising ni .ill its splendor,
gilds ihe higlil.inds of Wolfe Island, and lights
up the bro.id exp.mse of l„ike ( )ntario, that
slreli lies .iw.u to the uestern llori/iui, whiih
sloops lo bathe iisili in Ik lin-.pid waters.
Sinn oe ,111.1 Carden Islands ,ue sharply de-
Imed, r.atleaii Channel looks like, i wide canal
(III through solid limesioin'; ,iwav besoiid the
long bridge is the winding ( '.iiaraipii, and
then ihe eye I'. Itches the louerof ll.ii rielield
Churc h, .md sueeps .ilmig the ridge until it
resis on I'oii 1 leni\ , wiili the .Military Col-
lege and lorl I'rederick ,it its b.ise. ( )n the
oilier h.md the eye ( al( lies the i itv buildings
in the loieground, .ind then spire and dome
and lower lollow in sik i es>ion, until the
buildin-s of Kockwood As\liiiii appe.il in the
disiam e. ,ind the beautiful l!a\ (,tiiinle i oylv
]permils 1 I harm to be seen, .iiid as (pii< kl\'
hides It irmn \ieu. .Swinging past Ced.ir
Isl.ind with its pi( turesipie Martello tower,
we enter the broad i li.innel and speed aw,i\
tloun the ri\er, lea\iiiL; behind us a scene
long to Ik- leiiiembered .md one of the most
aneii-nt, lioiidi.ible .md historic ipf all the
I ilies of ('.inad.i .1 nr.iiid I oiniir\ , larger m
.ire, I til. in the whole rnited Stales.
r
^
H. WALTt R WEBB.
So\ii'. writer for a \ew N'ork musp.ipei,
under date of .\ugiist i S. i .S94, lets himself
loose in the I'oUowing st\K':
"While Dr. Chauncey .\I. Depew is di\iil-
ing his time in l'',uroi)(> between talking horse
and diplom icy with Lord Koseberrw kliine
wine and y.ichls with the Cierm.m Kaiser ami
anar( hy .md politics with I'resident C.isimir-
I'erier, of I'rance, his job. as the president of
the New VorkCenlr.il R.iilro.nl .md aiitliorilv
i. beiiij, held down by a yonng man who is
not so well known ,is he, but who is ihouuhl
b\ men who know, to be an .iltogether better
president of r.iilro.ids lli.in the talented Dr.
Depew. Dr. I )eiieu's ' sub ' is .iboiit tweiitx-
fi\e years younger th.in himself, .md he 1 an
prob.ibh' outrun and oiitbox liis superior .iiid
do a lot of things that the dixtor's stiffened
ioints Would not possibb permit him to ,mdi'r-
t.ike. lie is \( r\ much uuieler ih.in the doc-
on almost everything pertaining to r.iilroads, tor, and while he in.iv not have ,is m.mv
i
Vi
i
■
r
//. /;.//. // ,v ;; 7. /.■/'.
I^^;
fiiriids, ihii-.r who t.ill; with liiiii every day
s.iy tlia' iic ( .111 •j,\\r Ills (hid |i(iint-' in tlie
hue 1)1' ' hiislhii|4.' Ahhuiigli hr was iKil ,il-
inj^i'lliiT imkiiowii liiiir years .i_:;i), it was mil
iiiilil liien tlial hi> L;eniiis as a railroad inaii.i-
i;er l)roiij;hl him iiroinmeiitly before liie
|iid)li('. Mr. |)e|n'w wa-' then, as now, in
I'airope liohiioiiliiiiL; with liie liit; ynns ()\er
lliere, wlnle ('orneliiis X'anderiiih. who own-,
most nl the Xew N'ork ('enirai Road and who
liires Mr. I)e|ie\v at a lam \ saiar)-, was some-
where in Afrira."
'I'his ,>ereed reads well, and desirinLj to know
more of this man who ha>|)ro\en himself alile
to '■ hold down" the' i^re at Chaiimey's seat,
\w ha\e taken some pains to make imjiiiiies
aliout him. W'c are told that in the spriiii; of
l.S(;o the directors of the New Voik Centr.d
K.iilro.id determined to make some < hani;es in
the or_n,ini/ ition — i h inL;e"-. which involved
|iromotion of some of the abkr ol'li( ers of the
road. Amoiv^ other thitv^^s wliii h theyxoted
to do w.is the I re.ition of a new de|i.irlment,
the he.nl of which was to be ele( led third \ii e-
jire^ident of the s\iti'm, ami to h.ive supreme
direction of the Ir.ilfic of the ro.id, both pass-
enger .ind freii^ht. lie was to be held, in
short, rcspon -.ilih' foi- thi' ni.in i^ement of such
business .is was offered to the ( otnpany. The
choice for this responsible oflice fell ii|ion
II. W, liter Webb, and onls a (vw weeks Liter
this vonni; m.m foiunl himself f.ic e to f,ii e
with .1 strike uhii li w. is more threiteiiini; th.m
.mv th.il h id oi ciirred upon the ro, id. peril, ips
in its existence, cert. iiid\ since the great strike
ve.ir of 1S77.
■j'wo ye.irs liter \'i( e- I'ri'sideiit Webb w.is
( .illed lo lace .niolher emergem \ ot' the same
si)rt, .Mid these two experiemes fixed .itteiition
upon him. IS one of tliegre.il railw.iv man.igers
ol the I'nited St.ites. .NKai who do not knou
Ma|or Webb are .iskim; i)ne another somethini;
.ihoiii his personality and his intellectii.il
ipi.ilities, .IS the gener.ilship he displ i\s not
only in strike crises, but in those more silent
but in some respects eqiiilly desper..te battles
which r.iilroad 1 ompanies as ecunpetilius of
other r.iilro.ul comp.mies .ire const. mtly t'lght-
i New \'ork M.ijor Wibb is well known, but
eb .HCie, .illhoiigh he h.is g.iineil widere|)Ule,
there islitlli' know ledge ol the m.iniier of man
he is. The stor\' of his (.ireer contains much
th.il Is iiistrm ti\c' .iml interesting.
.\I.iior Webb is one of the soils (jI ihal dis-
tinguished politi( i.ui aiul editor of the lime
when the U'hig li.irty was lighting its battles,
('.en. j.inus W.itson Webb. (Inat .is were
(ien. Webb's a«hie\ements in the political
world, when he came toold age hetook gre.iter
pride in the iMoniis..' which was aire, idy begin-
ning to be fullilled, of r.iising a family of boys
who would giin distinction, perhaps, ecpi.il to
til, It wliii h w.is gained b\ the famous I'ield. or
W.ishburn, or Wolcott f.imilies.
W. liter Webb, in his youth, showed some
tiste for engineering, and lie was pl.u ed in
the ('obiinbi,i College School of .\l lues, which
is the s( ieiitilie dep,irlinent of ih.it institution,
and was at the head of his i l.iss some Iwenty
\ears ago. .\fter gr,iilu,ition. howe\er, \oung
Webb felt some im liii ition tow.ird a < .ireer .it
the b.ir. lie gr.itilied it totheexleiU of stiidv-
ing, being .idmitted, and h.mging out his
shingle for a brief time. His leg.il ediic.ition
w.is of v.ilue to him, though only in other
,ichie\enients tow.inl whii h lie beg, in to diilt
soon after he ojieiied his ollici'. An opptutn-
nity was pri'seiited for him to go into the bank-
ing ,ind brokerage business, and for some ye.irs
he W.IS busy in studying the mysteries of Wall
street, ,iiid in learning the market value of
the se( urities there dealt in.
.\hnost im ideiit.ilK he drifted into the r.iil-
way business. His brotlui, |)r. .Seward
U'ebb, who in.nried one of the d.iiiglUers of
Willi, im II. \ .imlerbilt, bei ,une interested in
ihe I'.il.ice Car ( 'oinp.iny w iiii h the N'.mder-
bilis controlled, ,ind v hen Webster W.igner,
llie president of tii.U company, met his sud-
den death, having been < rushed belween two
of his own < ,irs in a railw.iy collision, |)r.
Webb became president of the ( omp.uu. .unl
invited his brother to .iccept .111 oflii i.d post
in connei tion with it. W. liter Webb had
not been in the r.iilw,iy business a month be-
fore both lie and his emploveis discovered
th.it he h,id pci uli,ir ipi,dilic.iiions for this
I,
;<'
nm
136
./ Sf)/■l■/^:^7/^: o/' riii: sr. i..\\\i<i:xci- ni\-i:R.
business. It seemed to t.iscinatf liim. He
was no pompons ot'ticial, fond of sitting in
richly earpeted rooms and issuing orders witli
lieavy dignity. He was everywliere. He
st idied the science of railway car building;
lie skirmished around among the shop>; he
was not atVaid of dirt, nor of jnitting on a
jumper and a i)air of overalls, if necessary,
and as ,1 consequence he soon had not only
mistered those iluties he was employed to
perform, hut being full of suggestions and
devoted to his avocation, he was rapidly pro-
moted. He served, while an ollicer, really
an apprenticeship, working harder than any
other einjiloye, never thinking about hours
or salary, but only bent on le.irning the
business.
In the railway business such a i)erson moves
rapidly toward the top. The history of rail-
way corporations in the United .St.ites fur-
nishes many sui h instances. Social inlbience,
liolitical pulls, as they are called, family pres-
tige, count for nothing in the de\elopnient of
r.iilway men. N'othing but fidelity and capa-
city have .my inlbience with directors in the
selei lion of executi\e otiicers. .Vny other
course would be perilous.
Therefore, when the time came tor this cor-
poration, one of the gre.ite^t in the world in
railway management, to place a comi)etent
man at the head of its traffic business, .Major
Webb was selectetl, and so thoroughly has he
justitied ih.it choice thai at the time when
President Chauncey .\l. I )ei)ew w, is consider-
ing the invitation of President Harrison to
beiome the successor of Mr. Blaine, as Sec re-
tary of .State, it was understood in railway
circ les th.il M.ijor Webb would be c hosen pre-
sident of the New York Centr.il, in case Depew
resigned that office.
Chief among Major Webb's ipialifications
for this work is his devoi.'i 10 luisiness. His
college training as an engn.eer h.is served him
well, and his legal knowleilge has been of great
value to him in the two great emergencies
wliich he was c ailed of a sudden to face, when
many of the eniployi'-s of the road went out cm
strike. He lives not five minutes' walk from
his office, and he is frequently there as earl)
as 7 o'c:lc)ck in the morning. In the summer,
when he is at his country place, he takes the
first train into the city, while the b.mkers and
brokers and iirofessioii.il men who li\e near
him, do not follow until twoor three hours later.
I le r.irely leaves his cjftice before 6 o'clock, and
sometimes is there until l.ite at night. His
office is a pl.ice of (omforl, but not of lux-
ury. Majcjr Webb is democratic in his rela-
tions with men, and none of the red tape
which prev.iils in some of thegre.it corpora-
tion oltices annoys xisitors who desire to see
him. If a deleg.ilion from the eiigini'ers or
switchmen, or from any ot the other emjiloyes
c all. Major Webb receives them in a manner
which does not lower their self-respec:t. There
is neither condescension nor liaiighliness in
his rel.itions with them. .Major Webb will
receive hard-handed employes, and within an
hour be in assoc ialion with a group of million-
aires, fellow-directors of his in the great bank
which is located near his office, .ind his man-
ner is the same in e.ic h c.ise. He treats every-
body in .1 business-like way. He is ipiic k-
sjioken, iironijit, dec;isivc', without being c urt
or bruscpic.
.As a r.iiboad man. he is what is c ailed a
liver. Like William H. N'.inderbilt, he is fond
of going f.ist, and when business c:alls him to
a remote point, he will order a locomotive
atl.iched to his spec ial c.ir, and within half an
hour after the decision is t.ikcn, will be Hying
over the r.iils at the r.ite of a mile a minute.
He is absolutely fearless in his travels, as
William H. X'anderbilt w.is. Ihisiness men
may see him in the .ifternoon of one clay, and
he.ir of him the ne\t morning at liuffalo, 450
miles aw.iy. This does not indicate restless-
ness, but energy. Major Webb is one of the
most cpiict, self-contained and serene-in.m-
nered of all our railway managers.
When, just after he became viie-presidcnt,
he was called upon to face a most dangerous
strike, railway men said that he had been
put to the test tcio early, and some of them
le.ircd that he would not be cpial to the
responsibility. Hejiew was in iMirope ( 'or-
n 'lius N'anderbilt in Newport, and members
of the evecutive board scattered here and
i
I
i :l.
i
MR H, WALTER WEbB,
,,/ , , r r>r,:.l. .,-■ A' I I .'- //. A' A'. A'.
y/. /; M.ri.R u/:is/i.
137
there. M;iii>i \\\lil> iiinnudiaUly inadc of liis
otVit L- A « ,iiiii)aij;ii-|ilaci-. iK' tdlkctcd liis
slaiT aI)oiit liim. Tlu' strikers liad control of
the approaches to New York city, and traffic
was paralyzed. He first took pains to dis-
cover iiow many of the nten were out, and
also to learn what their prei ise j^rievance
was. If it was a ipiestion of time or waj;es
or any other tiiinj^ over whi( ii there iiad been
misimderstandint; or business di^a,L;reement,
he iielieved that the trouble could be speeil-
ily settled. He found, instead, tli.it it was a
matter of discipline, that the nnii ]irotested
ag.iinst certain rules which the subordinate
oflicers had found necessary, as they believed,
in order to maintain discipline. The strikers
objected to the discharj^e of certain men who
were reported disobedient or incompetent,
and when Major Webb heard this, he said, in
a ipiiet way, to his staff: "This is a point
this company cannot yield. 'I'he sto( kholders
must retain the rii;ht to manage, in their own
way, this proiierty."
Then he called uiion his resources. Ik-
sent agents to procure men to take the phues
of the strikers. He called upon the jiolice
force of New York for protection, and got
it. Night and day for seventy-two hours he
left his ofticc for only a few moments at a
time. He caught catnaps, and two nights
did not sleep a wink. .\nd, when the r.iil-
wav men connected with other lines found
out what he was doing, they said : " There
i-, a young general in command at the (irand
Central Station."
In his conferences with leaders of labor
associations, Major Webb's legal knowledge
was of great service to him, and Mr. INjwderly
himself, who met him in ( onference several
times, was greatly impressed by his tact, cool-
ness, good temper, and his firmness as well.
When Mr. Depew returned from Euroi)e,
not a sign of the strike ajipeared. (Cornelius
Vanderbilt, < onstantly informed over the wire
at his Newport home of what was going on,
deemed it unnecessary to come to the < ily.
.•\t the first mutterings of the strike in Huf-
f.ilo. information of which was sent to Major
Webb by telegrajih, he touched his electric bell,
the messenger who answered ie<eive(l an order
whi( h w.is taken to the proper authority, and
within hali an hour Major Webb was aboard
his priv.ite 1 ar, speeding oxer the tracksatllie
rate of fifty miles an hour; and before dawn
next morning he was in llullali). His part in
that (onvulsion i^ a matter of recent lustoiy,
and unnecessary to describe here.
In physi( al ai)pearance, as his jihotogr.u lire
picture shows, M.ijor Webb does not at all
suggest the typi( al railway manager. He is of
slight figure, medium stature, erect in carriage.
He (ares nothing for social [ileasures of the
f.ishionable set. His home and his office are
his life. He is not a club man. He takes no
cunspi( uous part in jiolitics, although he has
strong political views; but it is sale to say that
not a do/en men emiilosed b\ his com-
pany know whether he is a Republican or
a Democr.it. He is a strong churchman,
being ,1 vestryni.m, and one of the most
active memlurs of one of the New \'ork
uptown Episcopal chun lies; and if the
millionaires contributed sums projiortionate
to their wealth as great as those he gi\es
for church work, his ( hur( h would have an
enormous income. .Major Webb is a great
believer in the future [lossibilities of last rail-
way travel. He has studied this development
with great care, and with such results that he
is now running daily the fastest railway train
in the world, making nearly a mile a minute
consecutively for 450 miles. His experiments
have shown that the old idea that very fast
traveling does not pay, is an error, but he says
that in order to make it pay, the cars must be
light but strong, the service sidTicient but not
luxurious, and the carrying < ap.icity limited,
so that an engine will not be compelled to
draw too heavy a train.
ChaiMKey M. Depew has the reputation of
being the mo>t accessible to newspajier men
of all the tiistinguisheil men in New \'ork, yet
he is not more so than Major Webb. .\ny
resjiectable newspaper man is welcome to his
office at all times, and he treats such callers
;is though they were nu'n, ami like one who
respects their calling The reporter h;is yet to
be found who Ins got of M.ijor Webb a sug-
'3'^
.•/ St'/'r/:.\/A' or riii sr. i awki wi- i<i\ik.
! I
gL'slidii thai .1 iiiiK or a liit ol prai-M.- wmilil W
lilcasing. lie will iiol lalk almut IuiumII. Imi
will cheerfully ^ivc all the itewswhit h he has.
|)r()vi;le<l it is (■()ii>isteiit with the [niliey of the
road to make imlilieation of it. If it i^ iu)t
I ()nr,i-,tent, he .says frankly : " Th at is soiiie-
thin;^ I cannot talk to yon al)out jn^t now.
Perhaps 1 may he aMe to do mi to-inoiiow. "
i'erhaps this disposition is partly tliie to his
reeolleetion of the fac t that his father was a
newspaper man who always treated the hum-
blest of reporters with };reat respect. At the
time (ien. Wehh w.is approachinn death, and
the various newspapers of New \'ork svul re-
porters to his home, so that innnediale inlor-
nKition of his ileath lni^ht he oblaint'd. (ien.
Webli used to say tt) his sons: "Are you tak-
ing good care of the iiewsjiaper men? If any
of them havi' to uait loni;, show them some
hospitality. ('ii\e them a i;lass of Madeira
.md a sandwii h or biscuit, and do not t'or^et
that the newspapi'r rejtorters as .i class are
hard-working, lair-minded, intellii,'ent men,
wlio slionld be treated I'xactly as any oilier
business man is, who comes to you on business
matters." Whether this injunction accounts
lor i.ie treatment the Major .md his brotlnis
give newspaper men or not, the f.u t rem.iin^
that they all are thus minded when they re-
ceive representatives of the press.
The general impresiion in r.iilway < ire les
is, that when President Dejiew retires from
official connection with the N'ru \'ork ("en-
tral. Major \\"ebb will be his sik a cssor.
His C'onnii iidn wi i ii iiih Ro.vns ()!•
.NoKIIIIKN Nl.W \o|.;K.
What we have thus far said relates to Mi.
Webb's connection with the main lines of
the Central corporation, the extent of which
all our readers understand, for that system is
one of the largest in the world, and is man-
aged with a degree of judgment and practi-
cal capacity that has elicited the wonder of
travellers who are familiar with the great
lines both in ICuropc and Americi. I'.ut it is
in Major Webb's (onnection with our own
northern line that he has been brought more
directly into oftici.il relations v.-ith our own
people. When the New N'ork I'entr.d, on
.\l.ir( h II, 1.S91, le.ised the lines of the R.
W . iV ( ). Koad, .Major Webb w.is |)l.iced in
complete control of that entire system, and
lK(ame llie minaging officer, the supreme
exec iiti\e he. id. .\lmosl from the very week
he .isstimed ( ontrol, the beiieliceiH c ol his
management h.is made itself manilest. lie
begin the ureal work of raising the newly-
.i(c|iiired properly to llu' high sl.md.ird of the
trunk line. This necessil.ited new liridges,
new r.iils, and the ac(om|ilishinent of almost
a |iroiessof new construction — entirely so in
some lo( alilie-,, 'I'he outlay for these im-
provements his been enormous, reaching
jiJ. 000, 000 of which ,'«;6oo,ooo has been ex-
pended in the construe lion of new bridges,
liiiilt of steel .111(1 iron, '['he bridges upon the
whole line are now as good as any in the
country.
The entire road-bed has been re-ballasted,
and in most of it new ties have been placed,
and the number of the s.ime per mile has been
ini re.isc'd. New steel r.iils have been laid.
Weighing 70 and 72 pounds to the lineal yard,
and the ec[uipment has been corres[iondingly
improved by the addition of standard locomo-
tives of the he.iviest pattern, wlu( h could not
be run over the old R. W. \- ().. but which now,
under the new improvements — steel rails,
perfect road-bed, and strong bridges — are
allowed to run at high speed, and haul heavy
trains. New p.issenger cars have been added ;
in fact, the road has been virtually re-con-
structed. I'reight rates have been reduced,
and the general conditions have been greatly
improved. .\mong other things, several enter-
prises in Northern New ^'ork have been as-
sisted ; and all this has been done by hard
work, .and under the pl.ms m.ide and sui)er-
vised by Mr. Webb.
I- or such labors, so well done, too muc;h
pr.iise I annot be given this young man, who
niighl h.ive chosen ease, but prefers work.
.Ml that he tou( lies he benefits. He li.is raised
the old R., W. \- (). R. R. system from ,1 de-
caying condition, with worn material and
weak bridges, to become a grand roadway in
itself, the natural ally of the great trunk sys-
I iii:>^iu<i<i: m rri:i<iii:i I).
'o9
Inn Willi uliirli il iir.ikih ( lo-.r i i i|llii.'( I ions,
\\iili voiiliiilcij trains, .ind in siiiniiur uiili its
siLMily-iiinnint; " llycis " that cross tlic < (Hiiitry
at lolly miles an lioni in rnlirc safct)-. 'I'lu;
valiir iiIsikIi a system, so (oiuut ted, ailds lo
llu- \aliic ol' every acre of land in Noitliern
New \'oik, and is of intelesi to llie |iooiesl
111 111 as well as to tlu' liiliest. I'lie leinaik-
alile lieedoiii Iroin |Hisonal ai cidents to jms-
sen-ers diirin'4 the year 1894 alTords the ln'sl
|iossi|)|e >;iiaranty that the system is well and
salely maii.i^ed. S|)eed and romt'orl are two
(ondilions demaiuled by modern travellers;
Imt the jierleet ( omliination i■^ a rare one. ()n
mo-,t American railroad^, hii;li speed is onK
|io--sil)le at liie expense ol danger ,ind disi 0111-
tiirl. To combine (cuiifort and safety with
the j;reatt'st speed, pcrfei t ei|iiipmenl .ind
absence of sharp curves are lu'ce^sary. This
is certainly the ( asc with the R., W. \ ( ). sys-
tem. Its lire. It easti'rn and weslern outlets,
the New N Drk Central and IIikUoi. River
Road-., hold the world's ( hampionship for
loni; dist.iiK e fast trains, won b\ rec eiit im-
provements in eipiipment ,ind lo((imoli\e-
biiikliiii^, that fairly in, irk ,111 epm h in r.iilroad-
111,1;; and its hundred-ton lainines. Iioriu' on
m.issiw r lils weii;liini; ijo|)oiiiiiN per wild,
now skim with perfect safety around ( ur\tsat
the rate of lifty-t'ive miles an lioiii. 'I'hesoliil-
est of ro.ul-beds is needed to withstand this
111,11 \elous speed, and lo be.ir the enormous
locomotives and trains ; wh.it it does with
s.ilely 's iinpos..ible to other r.iilro.uls of in-
ferior eipiipment. or built with sharp ciir\es,
l'",\( eptin.n the (Ireat Western of Caiuui.n,
which has one air-line re.ich of 100 miles, the
New N'ork Central straii;lit traiks exceed those
of any other railroad in the world.
I. A. 11.
THEODORE BUTTERFIELD.
\f
Mk. I'll- 1 IKKI iKi.ii ( (lines into the iranspor-
t.ition system of Xorthern New York by what
may be cilled "natural inheritance." His
t;randl".ither. the Honorable John Butterlielil,
of Ctica, was the orii^in.ilor of the American
Ivxpress Company, which w.is st.irteil under
the I'lrni of Wells, llutterfield \- Company.
He also r.iised the money and built the first
Western iMiion Telei^raph Line, which was
c.illed the .Morse Line l'eleij;raph at that time,
and w.is a director in the New Vork Centr.il
in its e.irly staj^'cs, ,ind one of the |iromoters
and ( ipiialists who built the Ihica and iilack
Kiver ro 111. which started in opposition to the
Rum • ,iiul W.ilertovvn road, because they
could not a;4ree on ,a startini; point, as the
c.ipitalists of Xorthern New \'ork w.iiUed to
st.irt from Herkimer; the Utica peo|)lo would
not hear to th.il, and were bound to start from
Utica ; so the other people started from
R ):ne, and the LTtica jieople, not to Ik' out-
^\m^. started lln'ir ro id from Utica, which
was b lilt lip lo lioonville, and I'lnally extended
to O^densburgli, Clayton and Sackets H.ir-
\
bor, John I'mtterfield also started and owned
the f.imotis I'oiiy I'lxjjress or ( )verl,ind .M.iil,
which W.IS the jireciirsor of the I'ac ilic r.iil-
ro.uls.
Theodore lUitterfieki's uncle, NLiior-Ceneral
Daniel iJiitterheld, was the first i^enera! super-
intendent of the .American lCxi)re>s Comii.inv,
and .ilso was chief of staff of the various com-
manders of the Army of the I'otomac, ar 1
;4ave the celebr.ited order, by direction of
Ciener.il Meade, to the corps < (jiiimanders to
flight Lee at Ciettysbiiri;, the battle that nearly
broke the back of the Confederacv.
Mr. Ihitt.'rfield has been connected with
the r.iilroads of Northern New Vork for 20
years. He began as chief clerk in the ai -
counting; department of the old I'tica \- lUack
River r.iilroad, at Utica, and was soon after
niaile L;eneral ticket af,'ent, and then i;eneral
passenger agent of that road ; and, as the road
grew, he was made general freiglu .ind passen-
ger agent. He remained in thil position until
the 1 onsolidation with the Rome, W.itertown
iV Ogdensburg r.iilroad, when he was ap-
r^o
./ SOr\l.\/h' ()/■ nil s /• LAWKIMI. I<l\l:l<.
iV ( >. R. R., ami li,i> luld ili.il iMi^itioii iiiidi i
llic ( cinsoli(l,nit)n (i| tli.il >\st>.'ni wiili iln- N'rw
Vork Ccntr.il \- lliulsoii Ruci R. R.'-,.
Wlicn firsi a|>|i()inti.(l lie \v:i> ilu' \(iiii\j;i'>t
general ticket ;i.t;eiU in the Iniied Stato.
His experience as assistant to tlie .uener.il
superintendent, and in the operaMi- dcpart-
( urMon^, siH h i> liie New NOrk, \V.ishin};i()n
ind t!lncaj;o ex( iirsii)ns ; and the idea of
111 K hinn >Kepin};-( ars and drawinfi-rooni cars
Id cMiM^idii tiains, ikiw gencriilly adopted,
()riL;inalcd u ilh him.
At the lime ol hi^ .i[ip()intinent he was the
\iiunL;isi ueiieral jiassenj^er a^'ent in tlie United
Siaie^. He i?. beyond all doabl the most pojju-
Till iiliiiKI. Ill I 1 l.i;l IMJi.
nient of the Utica .V Ilia, k River railinad, lar railroad man in Northern New York, the
made him familiar wiih all departinenls of best known and ino^t apjireciated. Witharlear
railroading, and that is the .ecret of his sue- head and amj.le knowledge of all railroad
cess in the passenger business, as he thor- mailers, his suggestions at the meetings of the
niighly understan.ls the details in railroading, passenger agents of the whole country arc
and has in addilion rare executiv abiliiy. always listened to with the closest attention,
He is the originator of the long-distance ex- and usually adopted.
i
LVLUM.L /.IJiLLOX ttoWLLL l!L.\IO\.
141
<i)I.. /KIMIiiV MOW 111 illNION.
COLONEL ZEBULON HOWELL BENTON.
|l M|.ii-.l l|i>lll \\ .lll.h i-\ (llii.li- 1" 111. A.lllMl.l.li ks.l
TiiKKK was proh.ilily \w mnic loiiKintic, ticiiLus. in peaked fell liat, \o\y^ hlack coat
pi( turesciuc or conspiciioiis rij;ure coiiiiccted and nil'lled sliirt — every article lanlllessly
with tlic cliroiiicles of Lake I'.onaparte than neat. With iiis fresh, ruddy c:omi)lexion,
Colonel Zeliidon \\. lienton. The aiconi- cle.in-shaven face, rich growth of snow-white
panying engraving faithfully represents his hair, grarefid carriage, and form .almost as
appear.ince in daily life. lie invarialily lithe and perfect, at the ripe age of 82, as if
dressetl with the nicest regard to minute par- in the llowerof youth and strength, he seemed
14:
// S(iri7:.\7A' (>/ Till: si i wvh'i sci: uiiF.h'.
till' iiiilMiiliiin.ni (il ii nuiitk'in.ui nf llu' old
icniiiu'.
('i)liiiu'l I'.rntnii w.is Imiiii in .\|iuli.i, N. \ .,
|.inn.it\ j;, iSi I, .mil the dclMiN nf lii^ i lui k-
iTctl lilf wdiiM I'll! .1 1 k. \\v i .111 iinU
lilli'llv .illilcK' 111 llu' Idliiw 111- l;ul>: lie \\J^
.1 cuiisin i)t 'I'lmni:!-. ll.iit lli'iiti m, llir ■j.x^.-M
MisMPiiri si.itiNin.m, ;inil • niix iiiuiitK .i kiiis-
m.m of lii> d.iiit;liti.r, K-->u l!iiiinii Iniiuint,
tlif notcil wilt.' of the r.iinnii-. " IVitliriiidir."
Iiitluw.ir of till.' l\i liillidii lit- riiii\i-d an
aiiiioinimcnl on the stall ol (umuimI licinoiil,
liul liiloif In- I oiild arran,L;f In take tin.' |io>i-
tion tlif L^iiicr.il was sii>|nndi d. lie wa^
also a ii'lalisi' o! tin.' cininriii nii\rli->i, janics
I'\'niniorr l'oo|icr. I'min lii^ m i\ lio\liood
lie It-'d an rxtiniirlv ai live lite, and IkIiiic lu'
was I'airh util of lii^ liens lie was i.'ntni--ird
liv hi> em plus I.- IS with i omiiii^>ions of tlu- iil-
iiiii^t importani e, wliii li lie lui iiil;1iI to siu'-
<'cssfiil coiismnmalion . lie was enj;aL;ed
from time to lime in '^v.w inlerini^es, i-.|ie
I ialh tlio-M' of land, miiiini; and railroadinti.
The I aiiital iiuested in llle^e soilietiliie^ i\-
( eedeil a million dollar--. lli^ venliuis, otleii
i;i;;,intii', were not I oiifined to Lewis. mil St.
I,,iwreni c i()iiniie>. Imt esleinhd into the
('ainihis, to the Ciiilf i if Mexiio, and e\eii
into South Anieiii.i. The mine-- al ko-.sie,
Clillon, j.iyville and Alpine .ire eN.imiph-- of
those oiier.ilions. We ,ire i oiu im ed that the
(.'arthaj;e \ Adirondai k R.iilw.iy owes it-- e\-
isteni e to ( dlonel lielltoii ,iiul to i Ion. Jo-., |ih
I'alind, of ll.uiis\ille, N. N'.. as llie\ wi re
lln(:e.l^inJ; in their efforts to est.ililisli thai line
to the [a\\ille minis.
l-'roin the ( '.iiih.ijie RepiiMii an, I'hil.idel-
phiu I'res-- and other reliahle soiin es, we ule.m
the followiii;.: interestini^ information: Soon
after the ariiv.ilof JoMph llon.iparle in this
(oiintry. he met and lii\ed a lie.iiitifnl (,)iiak-
eress, by the name of .\iiiiette Savage, a
member of a f.miily of hii;ii respectabilitN , re-
sidin:; in i'hilailelphia, deseelldants of the
I elebr.ited Indian |iriiii ess, I'oi ahontas. They
were snbseipiently m.iiried in private b\ a
jiistire of the peai e in lh.it i ity. Two
daii;;hters were the fruit of thi-- union, one ol
whom died in iufani y. The other wis i hri-<-
lined ('h.irlotie ( '. Soon .iflei .iiriviiiL; al
111 iliirity, ■>he liei. line the wile oi ('olnnel lleii-
loii. Their ni.irri.ine riMilled in seven i hil-
dreii. Till liM' surviving bear the .appropri-
ate n.ime> ol |o--epliilie ('h.illolle, /enaiile
jloii.ip.nle, l.i.ili-- |o>epll, /elillloll N.lpoleoll
ind riiom,i> I l.irt.
Mr--. Iliiitoii, havin;; ol.i.dned .i letter of
mlrodiK lion from (ienei.il (Irinl to jjon.
l-',llliil I'l. W.ishbiiin, rniled Stalin .\lllii--ler
to I'' ranee, .111(1 one .dso lioni i)i. I. I)ell,ueii
While, the eminent I'liil.idelphi.i denli--l, to
his former pii|ii!, i>r. l'',vans, the dentil ^llr-
^eon ol l.oiii-, N.ipoleon, re|i.iired 111 i^lri^ in
i.S()i). She obi, lined andieiii e wiih the laii-
peror, and lei ei\ed immedi.ile lei o-nilioii .is
llie d.iii^hler of Joseph Itoll.lp.ll te; .111(1 b\ his
impeii.il will and the l.iws of l i.iik e, llie
iiiiior.of her p.ireiiNwis lonliiiiied .iiiil her
le-iiim, II V established. Honored by .in i-ui-
tllion to allelld llie lleliih loiirl, >lie and
two of her children were tlieri- kindly and
( ordi.dlv entertained bv the l'',m]ieror and I'.in-
|ire>s, who presented her willi v.iln.ible sou-
venirs upon the occ.isioii. N.ipohoii olleii
e\pies--e(l i;reat regret that he did not know
hi-. I oiisin e.iilier, so th.il he mi-lil the Mionel
lia\e be--toWe(l ii|ioii lu-r iliildleli the ]il.ii es
to whiih, b\ biltll. the\ Were elllilled. lie
]iresenleil her with her l.lllni's ji.il.u e ; but
thi-. W.1-- lo--l throiinh the dowiilall of the em-
pire and of ih.il ill-f.iled roy.il f.iniiU. Mr--.
r.eiilon attended N'.lpoleoli diirillL; lii-^ illlpli-.-
oniiieiit in (ieriiiaiu, and a short lime .illei-
w.ird (i.Syi) reiiiiiied to Aiiurii .1. She was
a Woman ol leiii.irk.ible be.iiil\ .ind talent,
and of most lo\ elv i haiai tei islii s. Ilei e\es
were 1 irue, dark and lustrous, .mil, like the
Coloiiers, iie\ ( I iliiniiied bv at;i'. Keieivilii;
a liiii' ediiiaiioii, in laimpe .ind in this loiin-
trv. she earh develo|.eil ^real versatility in
writing;. Many brilli.int .irtii les in various
papers .md ma;4.i/ines were the prodiii lioiis of
her pen, and she was the author ol a book of
rare merit, entitled " l-'iam e .iiul her People."
She died l>ei ember J5, iS(;o. at Kii lilicid
Spriiij^s. I III husband, llie siibiei 1 of this
sketi h, died Mav 16, 1 .Si) ',, 1 losintr .m iiniipie,
interest inn .md woiulei fully roin.mlic life.
tA
M.I/Oh' /AMIS III.KllA IX KIIA.M.
143
MAJOR JAMES HERVEY DURHAM.
Sci«tll:in<l C.uot.iliK kiM.un .iMiMU- ihe riinii I'. 1il( .uiu- lirM an (.■iim^;!! in tlif Vrastr Riflt-s,
s.iiiil I>1. mils. i-.llRynun-r^t Mill Mf Jdlin I'l'iiin :inil iiii.illv a niijiir in tliat noted n-iiiunl.
Durham, wlio I anif Inmi Coimiy I )iirliaiii. in jaiiif^ II. hnrliain. ilic Mihji. i <.| ilii> skttrli,
thr iioitli (if I'jiHlaixl. Willi lii^ tailKT Williiiii wa^ iM.rii in Syrai use. N. \'.. Dcicinlur 17,
lv.|,.rt I) iili.iiii. jii^l al lluiloM (il ihc R,\n- iSj 1 . and in 1 S ^1 went willi liis parcnlN iiilc tlic
{1
«^
M \|()R JAMI ^ lll.l;\ I \ III UII.WI.
hitiiMi, at the aL;c (il two \eii'-. W ilii am !•'. wilds cil ()liii), dii .1 l.uiii live miles fiom the
was a inajdr in the lliilisli army, Iml luTniniiij; nearest inlialiitant. lie attended tliedi-tri<t
disj;iisted with the !i< ense i;i\en to the Indians schools for a time, liien the --eminarv at iN'or-
to murder and scalji their priMiners, he threw walk, ()., Haldwin Institute, Merea, ()., and
ii|i his < Dinmissidii, letiirned to I'aiuland, and ()lierlin ColKLje. lie entered the 2nd |)ra-
linally eiiiiL;rated to the l-niled St.ites. John .nooiis, V . S. A., in 1 S49, serving U|) to th
I-tl
./ .■>(>/ \i:\iN i)h nil: sr. i..\wRi:\ii-: kiitr.
l)riMkllin mil III llu' Kclu'lliiiii. II,
llic
Iiuli.ui.i \'i)liinU-i r>, (Ol. Coliiirn.
meinbii' nf 1! ("n, ("iiii. Ill.iko, ijili Imli.ma Rci>ij;nmg \\:m\ ili.it <i)inm,milat tlu' ciul of
\'ols., iiiuUr l!nluiul, ,iltfn\ aril ('un. Knhrit
H. Milrov. in ilu' t'lrst tliri'c inonih-^' i .im|i.ii:^ii
ill \\'i--I \'lli;illi,l. llo lr|i(illiil 111 ("n-ll.
(ii'i)iur 11 MiCklKlll al ("irafloD, Wi'sl \'a.,
anil wa-^ ^rnl hv iiim on iin|Miitant sion inj;
.^jrviir; w a - in I lie 1 lattice nl I'liillijii, al I, iiin-l
I Iiii, anil Cafricls'^ {•'oitl. Al liu-i io-i' ut llu'
liiioc innntlw' I amiiaiun, \\v was a|)|iointi.'il jiv
Ciov. (:i.nr r. Muitiin to llu' c oiiimaml ol a
camii lU'ir IniliaiiaiioJi^, aiul finalK wi-iit lo
the front as ist I.iiaitfnani ami .\il|ulant ol
finhlocn iiionlhs' sorviic, he licianic Major of
ia\aliy. and later was connertcil with the
artiili-rv ol tlu- -'jril ii)r|is, imiler (Jen. Silio-
lu'lil. lie was oni (■ in l.ililiv prison, ami the
AiiiKr-^oiu ilie stoi kaile lifteen davs lie par-
tii i|Mt(<! ill soNiral of ilie lianU'st-fnii^ht
lialllrs ol ihi' war, anil was several times
wiiiimhil. He lias an honorable disihar^'e'
and is a pensioner. lie is the author of our
history of C.ipe \'iiueiil bill nut ut' this
skeli h.
I
GENERAL WILLIAM H. ANGELL
Was long prominently i omui ted uiili the
interests of the St. I.awrem e, and ieL;itiiii,ilely
belongs with those who are entitled to promi-
nent remembr.inee in any history of tlu-
rpper St. Lawrence and of the 'riieaisaml
Islands. He is remembered with pha-ure by
the oilier I iti/eiis of ('la\toii and ol Jefferson
eoimt\', for he was a man of j^uat business
ra|ia( ily an<l Ion e. Many biiildini;^ in
W'atertown be.ir silent uiiness of hi-^ m. inner
of eon--tnirlion — notably the 'rai;i;arl llro-.',
mill at the lower f.ills, and the w.iter-re^ervoir.
now o\er forty vears in n^e. He w,i-> born in
Itmliiv^ton, ( >lseL;o ronntv, N. \',, in 171)7, one
of ,1 fiiiiily of ten ( hildren. When only ten
years of ,iL;e he left home, and them eloru.ird
earned not only his own livini;, but helped to
care for the less able members of the family.
.\t fourteen he i^.ive his f.ither .'■•iJoo for his
"time" — that is. for the lime he would be a
minor, .mil his f.ither would, therefore, be
lei:. illy entitled to his e,arnim;s. The (leiier.il
came into JelTerson county .iboiil iSi^. He
first located at SiViithville. where he went into
business with old-time Jesse Smith. When
less th.m Iwentv years of a;_;e he lioii'jhi ovi-r
§vOOo w-orth of jioods. ,ind from Smitlnille,
went to ( 'l.iyton. Several veils Liter (about
iS_54) he w.l■^ al S.ickets ll.irbor. In i.Sj.| he
had married .Miss Harriet Warner. Sevi-ii
1 hildren were born to this union, four of whom
lie still living;. While at Sackets H.irbor the
Ciener.il became .issoi i.ited in the m.ina^e-
ment of the S.k ket^ H.irbor I!. ink, which w.is
Liter merged into the I!. ink of W.itertown, of
whi( h, about 1.S4J, Ciener.d .\n;j;(-ll bei ,ime
sole owner. In iS5,S his belovial wife died —
a Lilly well remembered in Watertowii lor her
devotion to i h.irily and ('hrisli.m works.
The deserviiiL; ] r never lud a belter t'riend,
for wli.it she l;.iv(- w.is i;iven with a t;r.ice .md
;;entleness ill. it in.ide the action doubly eii-
dearini;.
In 1.S60. ('leiu-r.d .\nnell m.iiried Miss M.
Louise JuiNon, cousin of the Lite Cien. R. W.
JiuIm)!!, of < ):;densbiirL;. She was .111 accom-
plished l.idv, the p, litem for .1 kind, dlltitiil
^^ite. In I'sdi, al the bei;inniii_L! of the civil
w.ir, the (leiu-ral removed to New \'ork.
wlii-re he become interested in several cii\
(ontracts, and in 1862 he removed his fuiiiiv
to that cit\. which was thenceforth his home
Il\ nature he was too active to relish a life 01'
ii enev-,, .ind he took up several means of ac-
ipiiriiiL; we.illh, anionic others extending the
( iicul.ition of his b.iiik from ,>5i29,ooo to
,'>>!So,ooo. He was .ilso l.irnely interested in
the Conlineiita'. Steel Works at M.ispeth,
Lonj; IsLind. In i'S6_^ the iin|)osition of .1 t.i\
of ten per cent ti|)on the circulation of Slate
Hanks, drove them out of business. In iiSji,
(i'lei.il All-ell h.ul ai 1 uiniilaled enough
■ >
(//■..W-.A. //. WILLIAM II. }\i,l.l.l..
145
.^
«>
IlKMli^. lo iii.iki- lioiiit: 1 oinlui l.iliU-, ;iiul ill tint lll^ liuiiir i-.iily III liti.-, ili-^tcid ol \\',iU-ll(i\vn,
year lie niiKnttl to (Icir'Sio, ix|n.i tiiii; to licwuuld Ikuc l.ikrii i.iiik with (icoi^c I, aw
s|iinil tliciu several ycar-i in the eiijuyineiit ot .\\u\ tiie eliler \aii(leil):il, lor he was tluir
needed rest and a release Iroin the tares of sii|>erior in sluewtlness of nianaj^eineiit, in
business. Hut hi> hopes were to lie di>aii- peispit iiity, in aliilily to [ircdii t the rise or
pointed. On the ist ol July, i^'ii, he was fall of cereals or articles of general coiisump-
lilAl 1; \l W II I I \\I II. \\i,l 1 I .
taken ill, and alter ^real suffering, died at li
lie was a firm Iriend, and he had inanv
(leneseo on Noveinher jO, 1X72.
Viewed in the liL;lit ol In^ varied and event-
ful career, (lencral .\n_mll was a c li.irat lev
tiiflicnll to rt'prodiK e. lie had a iiolile >oul.
whii h scorned little tliinL;s. ilewasimdon'
cdly snperior to the ,i\frai;e aliK' liii-,iiii'ss nun
ot his dav — and had he made New \'otk city
friends, lor he was ,1 Inendly num, democra-
tic in his ways, easily apiiroaclied, never
elated liy sin (ess, n ir intimidatetl by .id',er-
sily. I'rom iSjo to 18O1, he was a consiiicii-
ons figure in Jefferson lounty, and his re-
mo v,U was a source of sincere regret.
.1. A. H.
il'
THE THOUSA^D ISLANDS IN AUTUMN.
CONIKllHMKh l;V mk. .. ,,. |;k11)|,\1.\.\.
THE POT-HOLES.
^Sk I.I. whip have ever inli.ilud ihc ]i]\\n\\ ot us
/ 1 liJiisi tiri.->, r,iinl)lc(l ()vciM-( hulnl ficliU
or sailed into <|uici ami remote inlets, know
the cliarm (if ihe>e islands. lUit Nature i> a
coy iiiaiilen, and reserves her lull i^hnv t.ir
those who appret iate her worth and tarrv nil
Autumn. Then she mhes herself in scarlet;
she 1 lollies herself from tiay to day in gar-
ments (il lieauty. ( liau<;ini; from i;rave to i^iv.
I nder a clni,d\ sky the ,i;ray and the liroun
are worn in harmony with the uiiper world.
Then, when the autumn sun ;;laddens us by
his Ke.ims. she twines into her rohes the deli-
c.iie (olorinj; which art tries in \ain to rival.
The excursions in and .iround ainoni; the
Islands reveal visions of e.\(|uisitc heautv.
The i,'c)lden air. the quiet waters, the namim;
sentmels whi( li wave their crimson lianners,
from crag and peak, the hold precipitous
rocks with their granite sides st.md out in re-
'.iet, and fas( inate the traveller as Ik- winds in
.md out among these wonderful c hanncls.
We ha\e ramhh'd .done in wooded jiatlis,
'lit and awav from the liiisy world outside,
vviih only now and thru a lurd of cows for
coinpan\. With cnimiiled horns and tinkling
hell, their large eves look lustrouslv upon iis
.IS if we were intruders. The crows s,,i| ,,ver
our he.ids and saucily call to us. 'I'he crane
flutters lip from the river side and flees aw.iv.
Ills long, slender legs giving a most ridi( uloiis
appear.ini e as he mounts the upper air. The
little snake, with color riv.iling th.it of the
brilliant foli.ige, st.irtles us as he crosses our
path, hut tarries not to m ike an ac <piaintance.
I'he goldenrod hous m inoc k hiiniiliiv ,is we
Ii.iss her hv. We w. ilk under sturdv o.iks .,nd
grac etui pines, e.ich adorned in their own pe-
culiar green, 'I'he trees of the summer covi-r
lis with their lu.iwn leaves and speak lo us ot
their jiast Ikmiiiv, lUackeneil stumps give a
tinge of sadness to the landsc.ipe so fair and
heauliful and tell of loiesl liivs. \Vr , hlilh
lip .ind St, 111, I ,,n ro, ky ledges .md c ,ilc h
ghmiis.s ,,f isl.iiids, l.ikes, h.ivs, ri\er, which
glimmer m the afternoon sun. ,md ,i palliwav
of rosv light lies hrtween us .md distant
shores. \\\. phmge into dark r, nines and
sl.tnd amid sli iitered remnants of tit.mic idcks.
whic h tell of the storms of the cKnienis heh.re
ni.in w.is. \\\. descend to llie w, iter's edge,
■md g.ither the |.ure while lilv. |.|oss,,||,ing
under the m.issivc m.isonry. wliic h gii.inls it
trcjin the wayfarer. We shout for j.i\ .is we
r.mihle over this enc h.mied ground, .md our
voic e is caught iij) ,iiid thrown h.ic k lo us tiom
the p.ilisades .ihove. Our c ,ill lo ihc ,j_,u\\ of
the hills is answered, hut cmlv in nioi kerv.
So we ramhie on, now carefuHv jiic kirn; our
WMv under houldi.rs tli.it have heen tossed liy
gi.mi ,irms from the lieigliis .ihove, .md which
It loosviied ,is we p.iss wcuild give Us a hiirial
.md .1 monument, sin h as hut feu luroe- have
h.icl. .Suddenly, on a rc)ck\- pnmiontorv, awav
from hurrying footsteps, and f,ir from ordin.uy
r.imhles, we ,ire siarilrd liv .i vision of another
world. We st.iiid before no burning bush
which blazes naccmsiinied, but we he.ir the
!
i :
THE POT HOf.ES.
'49
voice from out the silcinc saying, " I'akc the
shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon
tlioii staiulest is holy ground."
'I'm-. I'oi -inji.KS
Before us is an in( lined and solid rock
stretdiing down to the watery edge, which in-
stantly carries us liack, lieyond the "A. D.,"
beyoml the " H. C.," beyond all human coin-
|>utati(jn, hack, liai k to the aeons of the past.
In the center of this great rock is a well of
water some ten to twelve feet deep, rising to
within aliout five or six feet of the surface.
No curl) protects it. That would be mockery.
It IS well that we shouM not be reminded of
man, when we stan<I by a well that was ages
old when Jacob in Palestine immortalized his
name by giving it to the one he dug for him-
self and cattle. We leaned over its side and
looked down into its depths. Carved, planed,
smoothed, with no mark or crevice down its
granite sides, it has stood the vast centuries,
telling of the "ice age" of glacial avalanche,
but more clearly telling the story of a tireless
workman patiently working along the ages.
In the far away past a little de|.ression had
Itfcn maile in the rock. A small boulder was
placed loosely in the center. Then the storm
ol waters flowed over the old. old world. I'or
a time it ( irded playfully around in its rocky
bed and wore away the rock to make for it a
smooth resting place. Jt never dreamed that
It was making for itself a grave, that would,
perhaps, be seen by mortal man who then had
no existence. After age upon age had passed,
it woke to find itself helpless to escape.
Round and round in its agony it whirled in a
circle, grinding and tearing its cage and ever
sinking deeper and deeper into the abyss
which it was making for itself. Is it a wonder
that in the deep silence, the great bay before
us, the forest behind, we stood in awe before
this relic of the I'lternal l-'ray.' Just below it
is a smaller well, it, too, telling the story of its
grander neighbor and holding in its deiiths the
instrument used for the work of alteration.
We are not geologists, and the professors
may smile at a layman's i)hilosoi)hy, but one
cannot be blamed for a little imagination when
standing by such a well, in the calm and haze
of a autumnal day, with nature singing the
doxology about him.
We travel farther on; now in green pas-
tures and by still waters, then over majestic
walls of masonry which form fortresses and
barriers that could stand the as.sault of a na-
tion's batteries. At last we come out upon a
lilateau of rock, smooth and glossy almost as
glass, it also having an unknown history. In its
center is a massive granite boulder, a lonely
giant stranded on the rock. Ask where it
came from and only the echo answers
"where.'" Where in the world is there so
enticing a place as " 'J'he Thousand Islands ? "
Ak
THE WHITTLESEY AFFAIR.
1^
11
IN giving an extended notice of this Whit-
tlesey ejiisode. we are i)erlia|)s ojien to the
crititism of ni:ii<ing a great deal out of a loui-
parativcly uninii)ortant matter; hut tiiere is so
much of tragedy in the story, and it afford-,
so striising an illustration of the soid-destroy-
ing intUience of a dishone-.t greed for nionev,
that the tale rises above a mere relation, and
1)C( omes a great moral lesson. In that light
we present it .is a legitimate chapter of history.
Samuel Whittlesey, originally from Tolland,
t^t., had removetl, about i8oS. to Watertown,
and engaged in business as a lawyer. On tlie
12th of February, kSii, he received the ap-
pointment of ilistrict attorney for the territory
comprised in Lewis, Jefferson and .St. Law-
rence counties, and on the 6th of I'ebruary,
1813, he was superceded by the appointment
of .Amos Ik-nedict, who had pre(eded him.
Events conne( ted with this, led to some sym-
pathy for him, and the oftire of brigade jiay-
master, which had been tendered to .\lr. I.ison
P'airhanks, was by him dei lined in favor of
Whittlesey, and he, with I'erley Keyes, be-
came secnritv for the honest discharge of the
duties of the oflice. .At the close of the war
a large amount of money being due to the
drafted militia, for servi( es on the frontier,
Whittlesey went to .\ew York, a< companied
by his wife, to obtain the money, and received
at the Merchants' Hank in that city §50,000,
in one, two, three, five and ten-dollar bills,
with which he started lo return. .At Schenec-
nectady, as was afterwards learned, his wife
reported themselves robl)e<l of $8,700, an oc-
currence which greatly distressed and alarmed
him. but she advised him not to make it pub-
lic at that moment, as they might thereby
belter take ste]is that might lead to its re-
covery, ,uid on the wa\' home, she in an .irt-
ful .iiul gr.ulu.il tnanner persuaded him th.it
il they should ri>]iort the robber)' of a part
ol tin- money, no one woidd believe it, .is a
thief would taki' the whole, if any. In short
(lo use a homely proverb), she urged that
tluy might .!> uell "die for an okl sheep
a> a lamb." and keep the rest, as they would
inevitably be accused of taking .1 part. Iler
.utilice, enlorced by the necessities of the
ca>e, took effc-ct, and he suffered himself to
become the dupe' of his wife, who was dcjubt-
less the chief contriver wt' the movements
whic h followed, .\ccordingly, on his return,
he gave out word that
mcmev had been
]iiocurccl. .uid would be jiaid over as soon as
the necessarv' iia])cTs and ji.iy-roll could be
Jirepared. In a few days, having settled his
arrangements, he st.irted for 'I'rentcui on
horseback, with his portm.mteau filled, stcjp-
]iing at various places on his way, to announce
that on a given day he would rc'lurn, to pay
to those entitled, their clues, and in several in-
stanc es ev inced a c arelessness about the cus-
tody of his baggage that excited remark from
inn-keepers and others. On arriving at Hill-
ings' tavern at Trenton, he assembled several
persons to whom money was due, ;ind \no-
ceeded to ])ay them, but iipf)n opening his
])ortmanteau, he, to the dismay of himself
and others, found that they had been ripi)ed
open, and that the money was gone! With a
jiitiable lamentation and well-affected sorrow,
he bewailed the robbery, instantly des|)atched
messengers in cpiot of the thief, offered
8-', 000 reward for his apprehension, and ad-
vertised in staring handbills throughout the
nil. will 1 1 i.i.si.y AiiAih'.
I5T
(oimiry, in liopcs of f;ainiiig ^oine ( kw that
would onalilo liiiii to recover liis treasiui.-. In
tliis aii\ict\ Ik' was joincil by hiindreiU of
others, wlio had l)een thus indefinitely ih'lased
in the reieipt of their needed and rij^hlfiil
dues, hut allhouuii tiiere was no hu k of /eal
in these elforts, yet Ufjthin:; ore urred upon
which to settle snspic ion, and with a heavy
heart, and many a siyh and tear, he returned
home, and reliteii to his family and friends
liis ruin. As a natural ( ()ns(i|uen< e. the
ev(,nl liK ame at once the ah^orliiiiL; theme ol
the ( (iuntry, for threat numbers were affected
in their pecmiiary cone ems hy it, and none
more than the two endorsers of the sureties
of Whittlesey. These ;4enllemen, who were
shrewd, .jiractical and very oh^ervinj^ men,
immediately began to interroj^ate him, singly
an<i alone, into the c ire umstance of tlie jour-
ney and the robbery, and I'airbanks in jjar-
ti( ul.ir, whose trade as a saddler led him to bo
niimitelv observant of the i|ualities and ap-
jieirances ((f Kalher. made a careful examin-
ation of the in( isions in the i)ortmonteau. o\
\vhi( h there were two, tra< in;4 upon pajuT
their e\a( t si/e and shape, and upon (lose ex-
amination, noticed pin holes in the mari;in, as
if they had been mended u]i. I pon compar-
iiiL; the accounts which eai h had separately
obtained in a loiii^and searching conversatton,
these men bei ame lonvinceil that the money
had not been stohai in the manner alleged, but
that it was still in the possession of Whittle-
sey and his wife. 'I'o get possession of this
money was their next care, and, after long
consultation, it was .igreeil th.it the onlv way
to do this, was to gain the confidence of the
f.imily, ,uul defend them manfully against the
insinuations that came from all (piarters that
the money was still in town. In this they
succeeded admirably, and Irom the declar-
ations whi< h they made in i)ublic and in pri-
vate, whit h I'oiind their way directly ba( k to
the fimih'. the latter were ( (invin<ed that,
although the whole world were against them
in their misfortunes, yet they had the satis-
faction to know tiiat the two men who were
the most interested were still bv their side.
To gain some fact thai would lead to a knowl-
edge of the place of dei)osil, .Messrs. i'aii-
banks and Keyes .igreed to listen at the win-
dow of the sleei)ing room of tliose suspected,
which w.is in a i haniber, .md overlooked the
roof of ,1 piazza. Ai c onliiiiily, after dark,
(jne would call upon the familv ,ind detam
them in conversation, while the other mounted
a ladder and placed himself where he could
overhear what was said within, and although
they thus bec.mie cominced that the money
w.is still in their possession, no opinion could
be formed about the hiding plai e. Security
upon their real estate w.is tiemanded, and
re.idily given.
\ son of the family held a commission in
the navy, and was on the |>oint of sailing for
the Mediterranean, and it was sus|)e< teil that
the money might thus have been sent off. to
ascertain which, N(r. I'airbanks, under pre-
text of taking a criminal to the .State Prison,
went to New Vork, made imjuiries which sat-
isfied him th.it the son was innoi ent of any
knowle<lue of the al'fair, .md ast ertained at
the bank the size of the pack.iges taken. lie
h.id been told by Whittlesey that these had
not bei'ii opened when stolen, and by making
ex|ieriments with blocks of wood of the same
dimensions, thev readily ascertained that
biiiulles of th.it size could not be got through
an ajierture of the size reported, and that in-
stead of a seven it reipiired an eighteen-iiK h
slit in the le:'.ther to allow of their being ex-
tracted. Some facts were gleaneil at .Mbany
that shed further light, among which it was
noticed til, It Mrs. Whittlesey at her late visit
(although very penurious in her trade) had
been very profuse in her expenses, .\fter a
ten-days' absence Mr. I'airbanks returned; his
partner having listened nights meanwhile, and
the intelligenie gained by eves-dropping, al-
though it failed to disi lose the localit) of the
lost money, contirinetl their suspi( ions. As
goods were being boxed up at Whittlesey's
bouse at a late hour in the night, and the
ilaughters had already been sent on to Sack-
ets ll.uboi, it was feared that the family
wcnild soon K'ave ; decisive tn(;asures were
resolved upon to recover the money, the
ingenuity and boldness of which evince th;
152
,•; Sfvc/.A/A' f'/ /•///• >■/■ /..I n-A'/.vi/: a7/v;a'.
s,ii;at ity ami cniTnv nl ilu' |i.iitii'^. Sdinc
nictliod to (l(.'i (ly W liiilli'^cy Iidiii lionu', .md
frinlitcn liim 1)\ tliio.its, mulilalion or t(ir-
tiirc, into a ( oiiti-^sion, \va-> lli-.^'ll^>l•ll. luit .is
llic latter might laiiscaii iiiuoiitiolhililc lu'in-
orriiago, it was rtsoKiil to try tlu- rllVct ot
drowning. Scinu- c\iK-riinciils ucii' made
on thfir own |htsoiis, nl tlir citic t ol siilmiiT-
sion f)f tlu- head, and Dr. Sherwood, a
|)hysician of the vill,iL;r, w.is (dn-.idicd on the
lillU' lite wouhl remain under u.iter. llaxini;
ngrei-d upon a iil.m, on the evenmg liefoie its
t'NL'c'iition, they re|iaire(! to a loiulv jilace
about a mile south ot' the \illagi', s( reened
from the sight ol houses by .1 gentle rise ol
ground, and where a spring issued from the
bank and llowed off through a mir\' slough,
in which, a little below, i1h'\ binll a d.uu of
turf that formed a shallow ]i(iol. It uas ar-
ranged that Mr. I'',iii banks shoidd e.dl upon
Wiiittlesey, to eonfe'r with him on some
means of removing the sus|ii( ions whu h the
public had settled upon him, b\ obtaining
certificates of < haracter lioin leading cili/eiis
and otlicers of the arm\ ; and that lue two
were to rejiair to Mr. Reyes's house, which
was not far from the sjuing. Mr. Keves was
to be absent repairing his fen( e, .md to leave
word with his wife that if au\ one iiupiired
for him, to send them into the lield where hi'
was at work. Neither had made (onfnlants
in their suspii ions or their iil.ms. except that
Mr. Keyes th(uiglit it necess.irv to reveal
them to iiis S(jn, I'. ( lardner Kt'\ cs, ih<n se\ en-
teen years of age, whose assistam e he mi-ht
need, in keejiing up appear. iiu e-, ,ind in
whose sag.icity and luleliiy in keeping a secret
he could rely.
.Ai cordinglv, on the morning of [ulv 17th
(1815), .Mr. Keyes. telling his wile that the
cattle had broken into his grain, shouldereil
his axe and went to repiir the fence which
was thrown down, and Mr. Iviiibanks ( ailed
upon Whittlesey, engagrd him in ( onversa-
tion, as usual, .ind without exiiting the
slightest suspii ion, indin ed him to go u]) to
see his jiartner, whom the\ found in a distant
part of the field at work. Cilling him to
them. lhe\- rep.iired .is if casualh' to the
spring, where, .ifler some trilling remark, tliey
ex[ilu itiy charged him with the robbery, gave
their re.isons for thinking so, and told hiiii
tli.it if he dill not inst.mlly dis( lose the Im .d-
it\ of the moiie\, the pool before him slioukl
be his gr.i\e. This sudden .ind unexpected
( li.irge frightened their vi( tiin; but with a
look of imiix eiK e he exclaimed, '' I know
nothing of the mitler." This was no sooner
said til, 111 he w.is ru.lelv seized by Mr. Keyes
and plunged he.ulforemost into the pool, and
.ifter some se( lUids withdrawn. lieing ag.iin
interrogated, and assured that if the money
were restored, lu) legal pro( cedings would be
instituted, he ag.iin jirotisted his inno( cnce,
and was a sei-ond time plunged in, held under
se\er,ii moments ,ind .ig.iin withdrawn, but
this time insensible, and for one or two min-
utes it was doubtful whether their threats had
not been e\e< iited; but he soon eviiK ed signs
of life, .md so f.ir recovered .is to be .ible to
sit up and speak. I'erliajis nothing but the
(ert.iin knou ledge of his guilt, which they
possessed, would li.ue indiK ed them to pro-
< eed further; but they were men of Ibinness,
and resolved to exhaust their resour(i-of ex-
|jedients, riuhtlv induing th.it a guilty con-
si ieiue could not long hold out against the
prospect of speeih death, lie was actord-
iliLilv .addressed b\ .Mr. K(\es in tones and
emphasis of sober earnest, .ind exhorted for
the Inst time to s.ive himself from being hur-
ried before the tribun.il of I le,i\ en, l.iden wi>h
guilt — to disclose at oiu e. In feeble tones he
re-,isserted his innocenci', and w.is again col-
lareil .iiiil |ilunged in. but this time his body
onlv uas immersed. It had been agn'ed in
his hearing, th.it I'.iirbmks (being without a
f.imilv) should rem.iin to arcomi)lisli the
uciik. by treading him into the bottom of the
slough, while Keyes was to retire, so that
neither < mild be a witness of murder if appre-
hended; .md that on .1 given day they were to
meet in Kingston. Keyes paid over about
,$90 to bear <'xpenses of travel, and was about
to lea\e, when the wretched man. seeing
these serious arrangements, and at length be-
lieving them to lie .111 .iwful reality, exclaimed,
"I'll tell you .ill about it'" I'poti this, he
////■; will III. i:si\ Ai lAiu.
153
was willidiawn, iiul wlicn .1 little ui ovi-rt'd, IliitiliiiiMm .md Jolui M. Canfield, the facts,
liL' ( DiifisM'd, lluit all t)iit aliiiut ^g.ooo (wlii(li and with tlu-m repaired to the iior.se (if Whit-
he now, for tlie first time, stated to have heen llesev. Seeing tliein approach, Mrs. Whittle-
stolen at S< heiiei tady), would be foiiiul either sey tied to her ( hainher, and on their kno< kini;
under a hearth at his house, or (piilted into a for achnission, she replied that she was ( hanj;-
pair of drawers in iiis wife's |)ossession. Mr. iiij^ her dress, and would meet them shortly.
Keves, leaving his prisoner in ciiari^e of his As it was not the lime or jihu e f<ir the observ-
associate, started for the house, and was seen am e of etiipiette, Mr. Keyes rudely burst
by his wife, comini; acioss the fields, covered open the door, and entering, found her re( lin-
i' '
>
TUr. " HON VOY.Vr.F, F.NTF.RINT, AII-XANIiRIA IIAV.
with mud, and, to use the words of the latter, ing on the bed. Disregarding her expostula-
" looking like a murderer; " and although in ti(Uis of impropriety, he rudely jiroceeded to
feeble health, and s<arcely able to walk, she search, and soon found between the straw and
met hini at the door, and iiKpiired witii alarm, feather bed, upon which she lay, a (luilteil
" What have you been doing?" He briefly garment, when she exclaimed : " You've got
replied, " We have had the old fellow under it I My (lod, have I come to this?" The
water, and made him own where the money drawers bore the initials of (Nil. Tuttle, who
is; "and hastily proceeding to the village, re- had died in that house, under very suspicious
luted in a few words to his friends, Ur. I'aul circumstances ; were fitted with two sets of
J
M4
A snm'FxiR or-' the sr r.^wRryrr ri]t:k.
l)nttiii)s, for citluT thf liii--li.iml ni wile lo
Wf.ir, .111(1 1 ont, lined alioiit tliirtv |i.ii(el> nl
\)\\\^, l.ilH'lled, " I'm im (le.u scm C , J50
of 5; ' " I'lir my d'.Mi (l,in;^liter 1'^ . 150 of
;," rl(., ,nniiunlin,L; to .Si^.ooo In luT I'im'
I hililrcii; llu- riMiiiindi-r lieiiii; reserved for
her own use, Tiie i;,irmeiit ;dso coiitiiiiied a
iiio^i e\i r.mrdin.irv dociiineiil, wliicli iiuj^lil lie
called Her Will, and abonl wlii( li she e\-
|)rcsse(l tile ini)--! iiriieni soli( ilude, iiniilor-
ing, "I'iiat voii ha\e <hildr(.n as well as
me I " It was soon after |inl)lished in the
papers, and was as I'ollows:
" I( is iin last .iiul ilviim rniucst, ill. 11 iii\' 1 liililieii
sliall li.ive .ill iIh' iiioiicv thai is coiiLiiiieil in llic
|i.i|iers wliicli liiivf tlieir n.iiiies (in. wliii li is ijii.iMio
fui c.icli; .iiul 111 llieic lie [Liiiis .mil cuiliuii, .iml a
yre.il lt'llv;lll iif liiilr t.lken Id exi li.iiii;( it ill. tinil
and liiv own lieiil knows the lilisiiy I li.m sullcMil
ill c<ilise(|iieiirc of il ami tli.il it w.is iijinh au.iiiisl
iiiv will th,\t it shoiilil he iloiie I li.ive |iiit all thai
is in the same h.iiik bv it, tli.il i li.nl fmin priiileiico,
.mil .1 tfrt'.it miiiilier of years tieeii jr.ilherinii ii|i; ami
wlirii I iiseil Id im-ei Willi a hill on ili.it h.mk in your
|pDssessiDii, 111 when I eoiihl. I used to i'\chani;e
others for lluiii, .is I sii|i|iosed il was the lust, and
Would he the most |ieriiiameiit hank. Ymi know
the reason of voiirtakinu ihis w.is. that we su|i|M)>.eil
th.il fioin the link of the small liiiiik liein^ lirokeii,
and the hirjie one heinn all louse, .md tlif nails out,
that we were rohbed on the 10. id of ijiS, 700. You
know that I always told you, tli.il I believed it was
done in ihe yard, where you. as I told you then, put
the wagon iiiiprudeiitly in Schenei lady. <>lil how
much niiserv.mi I horn to see. ihroiii^h all your im-
proper conduct, wliirli I am foiced to Conceal from the
view of the world, for the sake of my beloved oll'-
s|jrini,'s' credit, ani.1 whereby I h.ive gut enemies un-
deservedly, while ilie publir opinionwas in yoiirfavor!
Hut it fullv evimes wli.it f.ilse iiidcments the world
makes. Oh' the liod who iiies the hearts, and
searches the veins of the childieii of men, knows
that the kind of misery whirli I have snlfered, and
which lias riled and soured my temper, and has
made me appear cross and morose lo the public eve,
has all (iroi ei.ded from you. and I'lxed in my coiinien
aiice the mark of an ill-natured disposition, wliii |i
was naturally formed for loves, friendships, and
other relined sensations. How have I falsified the
truth, that you misjlit appear to every advautane, at
the risk and ill-opinion of the sensible world towards
myself, when my conscience was telling me I was
doing wrong; and wliich, with everything else that
I have sufTered since I have been a married woman,
has worn me down and kept me out of health; and
now, oil' now, this last .III is liiinging me In my
gi.ive fi«l. 1 coilseuled In • .luse vou li.iil pl.ici'd me
in llie siliialion you did. In the lirst pl.ice vou weie
ilelini|uenl in Ihe paymriit 10 ilie goveiiimint of
ei^hleen or iiiii leen hiindted doll.irs. I'lieii ihis.ij.
most >ii),iiDi) I lissing, 1 fiiiiiul when vou c.iiiir to
settle, lli.il vou iievei could m.lkc' 11 uood williDiil
s.ii-iilii-ing me and my ehildien, w.is ihr le.isuii I
Coiisiiiled 10 llie pioposal. I did \ou the juslice to
believe tli.it the l.isl sum had not bieii missing, th.ii
vou would not h,ive done as you did hut I am
iiiisei.ilile' (ioil gr.int lh.it my ihir rliildreu 111. ly
never f.ill iiilo the like error tli.it Iheii f.ilhei has,
iiid then poor iinfoiiiinite mothei 1 ouseMted to !
M.iy till- Aliiiiuhty foru'ive lis bulli. tor I fieely for-
give you .ill vou liavr 111. ide me sillier."
The money lieiii^; coiinteil, and to their
siirjirise found to < .nhraee a p.irt of the sum
su|i|iose(l lo lie stolen, Mr. Keves uelit li.u k
lo rele.ise Whittlesey. The latter, meanwhile,
had related die eirctimstaiu-es of tlu roliliery,
and anxiously imiuired whether, if the whole
was not found, they would still exei ute their
piirpose; to which Mr. i'airhanks replied in
a manner truly (haraeteristic, " that will de-
pend on ( in umstanees." No one w.is more
siirjirised than Whittlesey himself, to le.irn
tli.it most of the money w.is found, and lli.it
he had been robbed at Si heneet.iih bv his
own wile. He bi'j^t^etl hard to be released on
the spot, but it was feared he would eonimit
suicide, .iiid he was told that he must be de-
livered up to the public as sound as lie was
taken, and was led home. The fame of this
discovery soon spread, and it w.is with diffi-
culty the xillagers were restrained from e\inc-
iiij; their joy by the discharge of cannon.
,\lr. Whittlesey was led home .md jdaied
with a guard in the room with his wife, until
further scan h ; and here the most bitter
criminations were e\( hanged, each charging
the other witli the 1 rime, and the wife uji-
braiding the husband with cowardice for re-
vealing the secret. 'I'lie guard being with-
drawn in the confusion that ensued. Mrs.
Whittlesey passed from the house, and was
seen by a jierson at a dist.ince to cross the
cemetery of 'I'rinity chunh, where, on )iass-
ing the grave of .1 son, she paused, faltered
and fell back, overwhelmed with awful
emotion ; but a moment after, gathering nev.-
1^
I HI. will rri.i'.sEv ai i\ii<.
»S5
eiHTny, slic hasteiu-d on. rushed iluwn tlic
hif^li li.ink near thi- ico-i .ivc, and plunged into
tlic ii\cr. Ilir l)()dy wa^ t'oimd tluatin^ near
the lower l>ridj.'e, and ellorts were made to
recover life, i)iit it was exiim t.
'I'iie syniiKitiiies of the ]ud)lic were not
withheld from the i hildren of this family,
who were thus cast penniless and <lisgra. cd
upon the world. Many details connected
with the affair we have not given ; among
which were several attempts to throw sus-
pi( ion upon several parties liy depositing
money on their premises, writing anonvmoiis
letters, etc.; which served hut to aggravate
the < rime by betraying the existence of a de-
pravity on the |)art of the chief contriver in
the scheme, which has seldom or never l)een
e(pialed. 'I'he marked bills amounting to
%i,oo had been dropped on the road to .Sack-
ets Harbor, and were found by Mr. dale, who
l)rudently carried them to a witness, counted
and sealeil them and after the disclosure
brought them forward. Mr. Whittlesey
stated that he expected some one would find
and use the money, when he could swear to
the marks, and implicate the finder. Mr.
dale, upon hearing this, was affected to tears,
and exclaimed: "Mr. Whittlesey, is it pos-
sible you would have been so wicked as to
have sworn me to State Prison for being
honest ! "
Mr. Whittlesey remained in Wntertown
nearly a year, and then moved to Indiana,
where he afterwards be<ame a justice of the
l)eice and a county judge, and by an exem-
l)lary lite won the respe( t of the community;
and although the details of this afl'air billuwed
him, yet the (ensure of upniinn lesled upon
the wife.
Congress, on the iitli ol January, iS.'i,
passed an ait directing the Sc( retarv ol the
'I'reasury to i ancel and surrender the bond
given by Whittlesey and endorsed bv lair-
banks and Keyes, on condition of the latter
giving another, jiayable with interest in two
years, for the balam e remaining ihkk counted
ff)r — thus virtually (losing up a business
arrangement which had been a continued
occasion for anxiety and trouble to them
through successixe \ears.
In speaking of the Whiitlesev matter, to
the author of this Ilistorv, Mr. Fairbanks
said:
before we ext'ciilcil our [l.TH we liad (losiiive cvi-
deiKC of his knowlfil^e of ttie ir.iiisaciion ami of
Ins giiili; and, on tlie strenKlh of ih.U, we ilid not
expecl lo procecil to extremities furllier than to
fii({litt'n him until he infortned us where tlie inorie\
was secreted. Hut his sluliljorness lield out much
lotifjer tli:in we supposed il would oi could. When
wc put the evidence of his jjuill liefoi him in such
a pl.iin manner his looks were evidence of il. We
informed him that there was no doubt .diout il, and
I liellevc tliat tlierc is not one c asi in a thousand
wliere evidence w;is so p;dpable .is in ihiscasi . Hut
l.vnch I,nw is a (lani:eroiis one, and I would not ad-
vise il. Hut with otlicr Ruiliv parties who have
stolen from me and heen delected, I lulicve I have
used more mild and lenient measures. I have prob-
ably caujiht twenty persons pilferini; from me, and 1
have always made ihem i;ive me a confession in
wriiinn. and then promised them, that ns ihev had
rehiiives who woidd be disgraced by their conduct,
I would keep it a profound secret until they commit-
ted the crime an:iin, when I would prosecute them.
1 found this plan the surest method of reforming
them.
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!l! I
THE "PATRIOT" WAR.
COPTEP FROM HADDOCK'h HISTORY OK JKFKF.RSON COUNTY, N. Y.
^?^l^RIN(; thefall of 1837 there occurred one
t>' of the most curious, and wliat would now
be classed as inexcusable and insane, episodes
that Jefferson county and the whole northern
frontier had ever witnessed — nothing more
nor less than a ])opular effort on the part of
American citizens to overthrow the govern-
ment of Canada by an unwarranted invasion
of the frontier towns, expecting to arouse the
IK'ople to immediate ])articii)ation in the re-
bellious effort as soon as a stand should have
been made. Ridiculous as this affair appears
at this day, it was a popular and an enthu-
siastic effort at the time, drawing into its
service many educated and ajiparently level-
headed men, and meeting with an amount of
smypathy in Northern New York that was
really astonishing.
There had been for some time considerable
discontent in Canada, some claiming that
they were virtually shut out from ])roper
participation in the government, and their
repeated efforts to obtain better legislation had
been disregarded. This discontent was more
pronounced in the Lower Province, where
the French Canadians had great influence, and
had never in thi.ir hearts yielded a loyal sup-
])ort to the Eng'.ish rule over a country which
had once belonged to France. It was said at
the time that the charges made by the Cana-
dians against their rulers were greater than
the causes that separated the American colo-
nies from the English. The Reform party in
Parliament of the Upper Province was led by
William Lyon McKenzie, and Papenau was
the leader in the Lower Province. The Home
Government sustainer'. all the alleged oppres-
sive acts of the local government. The Re-
form party refused to vote supplies for the
support of the government, and the Parlia-
ments were dissolved. The excitement had
become great all through the provinces, ex-
tending to the frontiers on this side. The
l)arlianient buildings at Montreal were burned.
The first collision between the Reform parties
and the Tories, in the Ujjper Province, was
on Yonge street, Toronto, where several were
killed. The feeling now became very intense.
The reform party contained many determined
and resolute men, but they desired relief from
British oppression through peaceful means.
'I'hey had never contemplated a resort to arms,
but the feeling in both provinces was aroused
to such an extent that it could not be peace-
ably controlled. The feeling for the " relief "
of Canada seemed to pervade all classes; secret
societies were formed in the principal towns
on this side as well as many on the Canadian
side of the river. They were called Hunter's
Lodges, and had signs and pass-words by
which they could recogni/e each other.
In the summer of 1837, William Lyon Mc-
Kenzie and (icn. Van Rensselaer, with 300
men, established themselves on Navy Island in
Canadian waters, between Chippewa and
Grand Island, in the Niagara river. Rein-
forcements came to Navy Island from the
American side. The little steamer "Caro-
line " was chartered to carry |)assengers and
freight to the island from Huffalo. On the
night of November 29, 1837, while this
steamer was moored at Schlosser's wharf, a
I
i
THE '• I'ATRIOT" WAR.
157
Ml
J
captain in the English army with a company
of British soldiers, hoarded her and set her on
fire, and rutting the hoat loose, sent her adrift
over Niagara Falls. One Captain Alexander
McLeod, while on a debauch at Niagara,
made his boast that he was one of the gang
that burned the Caroline. He was arrested
for the murder of Durfee. His trial was com-
menced at Canandaigua, but it was considered
unsafe and he was removed to Utica. His
defense was that he acted under the authority
of the Uritish government. He proved an
alibi and was aciiuitted, being defended by
able Canadian lawyers. The outrage was
complained of by Governor Marcy to Martin
Van lUiren, then President of the United
States, but no demand on the British govern-
ment was ever made. The President issued
a jjroclamation forbidding all persons from
aiding or assisting, in any way, the rebellious
acts of any people, or collection of people
who interfered witii the execution of the laws
of a ♦'••iendly nation, declaring all such persons
outlaws and not entitled to the protection of
tile American government.
Great i)reparations were soon made for an
attack upon Kingston, while the St. Lawrence
was bridged with ice. On the night of Feb-
ruary 19, 1838, the arsenal at Watertown,
N. Y., was broken into and 400 stand of arms
were taken. The arsenals at Uatavia and
Elizabethtown were also plundered. On the
20th of February patriots began to flock to
French Crepk in large numbers with a supply
of arms and ammunition, consisting of 1,000
stand of arms, twenty barrels of cartridges and
a large store of provisions. It was intensely
cold, and the men suffered from exposure.
General Rensselaer Van Rensselaer, a son of
General Van Rensselaer, of the war of 181 2,
was to assume the command. Either through
tlie cowardice of the officers or the men, no
man saw (Canadian soil, and after much talk
of bravery the men disjjersed to their homes.
It was rejjorted that Colonel Bonnycastle, at
the head of 1,600 men, was coming from
Kingston to make an attack upon the town,
and through fear and of the loved ones at
home, the patriots scattered without much
ceremony, leaving all their arms and ammuni-
tion behind, 'i'iiis tlight homeward was as
ridiculous as their attemjjt was insane.
On tlienightof May 30, 1838, tiie Canadian
steamer, Sir Robert Peel, which was lom-
manded by John 15. Armstrong, on her way
from Hrockville to Toronto, with nineteen
passengers and about ^20,000 in specie for
[)aying off the troo[)s in the Upper Province,
was taking on wood at McDonnell's wharf, in
the southern channel of the St. Lawrence,
above Alexandria Pay, when a company of
men, led by " Bill " Joiinston, the alleged hero
of the Thousand Islands, disguised and painted
like sr.vages, armed with muskets and bayonets,
rushed on board, shouting, " Remember the
Caroline." The night was dark a \ rainy.
The passengers (who were asleej) in the cabin)
togetiier with the crew were ordered on shore.
The boat was then pusiied out into tiie river
and burned. The sunken hull can be seen
there to this day. Heavy rewards were
ofTered for the apprehension of the offenders
by both governments. Twelve of the band
were arrested and held in the Watertown jail
for about six months. On the 2d of June,
Anderson was indicted and held for arson in
the first degree. He was tried before John
P. Cushman, one of the circuit judges, and
defended by Calvin McKnight, Benjamin
Wright, John Clark and Bernard Bagley.
After a deliberation of two hours the jury
brought in a verdict of " not guilty." After
a time the others were released on their own
recognizance, and were never subjected to a
trial.
William Johnston wasboin in Lower Canada
and became a confidential friend of William
Lyon McKenzie. He became a leader in the
Reform party, and afterwards removed to
French Creek. He was a man of great encrjj,
and bore a fair reputation. Johnston was now
considered the patriotic co imand 'r, and a
band under his command fortified themselves
on one of the islands within the Jefferson
county line. Hi,> daughter, Kate Johnston,
held communication with them and furnished
them with i)rovisions and supplies. It was at
this time that Johnston published the following
h
158
,■/ sorr/:.\7A' or iin-: sr. i.awr/:.\c/-: /ari-.R.
i
curious manifesto — wiiicii is, so far as tiic
wriiLT knows, the only insuuuc in \viii< h an
outlaw had the " check " to declare war from
his place of hiding; against a friendly nation:
" I, William Joliiislon, a iialiiral hmii cili/cn of
I'ppor Canada, di) hereby declare thai I hold a com-
mission in the Patriot sirviic as commander-in-chief
of the naval forces and llotilla. I coinmandi'd tlie
i'Xl>e(lition (hat captured and destroyed the Sir
Rolicrt Pci'l. Thu men under my command in that
expedition were nearly all natural horn En^^lish sub-
jects. Tlie exceptions were volunteers, My head-
quaiters are on an island in the St. Lawrence without
the line of the jurisdiction of the I'nited Stales, at a
place named by me Kort Wallace. I am well ac-
(liiainled with the boundary lini' and know which
of the islands do, and wliich do not, bclonj; to the
I'nited Stales. He ore I located my head(|iiarlers 1
referred to the decisions of the commissioner made
at L'tica. under the sixth article of the treaty of
(ihent. I know tlic number of the island and know
ih.it by the division of the commissions it is Hritisli
territory. I yet hold possession of the station and
act under orders. The object of my niovemeiit is
the indi pendence of the Canadas. 1 am nni .u war
with the commerce or pro|)erty of the I'nited .'^i.ilrs.
"Signed tliis loth ilay of Juu'' in the year of our
Lord one thotisand eii;ht liun Ircd and thiily-iit;ht.
•■ WILLI.VM JOHNSTON."
'I'hc cffei I of ',' s m.iiiifesto was i|aitc im-
portant, as it wi' Jislrihuted through all the
provinces and in all parts of the frontier .Stales.
The excitement along the frontiers grew more
intense. Sir Allan McN'ab, the governor-
general, fearing for the safety of his life, had
resigned, and in returning to England p.issed
through W'atertown disguised as a laborer.
He was recognized by Jason Fairbanks while
sitting on a wheelbarrow in front of (lilson's
tavern, waiting for the stage for I'tit ,i. ISeing
advised by some of the le.iding men th.it he
need have no fear of danger while travelling
through the States, he ch'.ngefl his disguise
and assumed his fortner dignity. I.(uil Diir-
li.un succeeded him as governor-general. The
secret lodges were now m, iking large additions
10 their meml)ership. It had now become
eviilent that a stand was to be made some-
where for the threatened invasion.
On the loth of November, two schooners,
the "Charlotte," of Oswego, and the " Isa-
belle," of Toronto, left Oswego with arms and
aimnutiition and about 300 men for some
C.inadian jjoint on the St. I„iwrence. The
steamer " United States " left Oswego on the
following morning for the satiie destination,
totiching at Sackets Harbor and taking on
board about 100 men, besides arms and am-
munition. The schooners had proceeded as
far as Millen's 15ay, below Cape Vincent, and
the steamer " United States'' coming up took
them in tow, one on each side. 'I'here were
now about 500 men on board the boat, all
\oung, destined for sotiie point known to but
very few, if any, except the ofticers. Tiicy
were fully officered, Cien. J. \Vard Birge hold-
ing the appointment of commander-in-chief.
He was very sanguine, btit his subse([uent
acts made him conspicuous as a coward.
These vessels being well supplied with field
pieies, small arms, aiiMiiunition and provisions,
started on the morning of the 17th of Novem-
ber, down the ri\cr. When passing Alexan-
dria liay, Charles Crossmon, one of these
" patriots." then a yoinig man of twenty years,
full of p.-itriotic im]Mtlses, little thought that
one (l.i\- at this point a beautiful tourist home
should bear his name.
The boats s\ve[it down the river until
.tbreast of I'rescott. At that point the
schooners were detachetl, and dropped down
to Windmill Point, about a mile below the city,
where stood an abatuloned windmill.
In trying to land, the schooners ran aground,
one near the point and the other farther down
the river. About J50 meti landeil from the
schooners, and the greater part of the guns
and ammunition, together with one twelve
l)ounder and two brass seven pounders were
brought down. They then took possession of
the windmill, wliicli they held with three
(jther stone buildings. The sc-hooners, after
getting afloat with the balance of the men ami
ammunition, sailed for Ogdensburg. This
lookec rather discouraging to the men in the
windmill, to see these schooners leave them
with many of their men and nearly all of
their provisions and amtiuinition. Colonel
Worth and the United States Marshal, dar-
ron, afterwards seized the vessels and all of
their cargoes. Prospects began to darken for
\,
i
THE ■■ IWTKIOT- WAR.
159
the Patriots. Tliey were {k^crtcd by nearly
all of theii' oriiccis, (Iciicral liirgc wilted at
the first chance of lacinj; Hritish bullets. It
happened that anionj; the i'atriol band was a
Polish exile, Nites Sobelitcki Van Schoiilt/,
who came from Salina. He wasof noljle birth,
his father beiiii; an officer of high rank, and
he himself had been an (jtfu er in the Polish
service. He had been deluded into the i)ro-
ject of freeing Canada troin " tyranny and
river. They landed at Prcsrott. It was now
e\'ident that some tigiiting was t(j be done.
\'on Schoult/ gave j;reat encouragement to
his men, ad\ising them to brave the Hritish
bidlets and stanil by each other to the last
man. They agreed to follow wherever he
should lead.
The Hritish steamers were now i)alroiing
the river, and occasionally firing shots at the
wind-mill. One shot was fired at the steamer
HAT-WINC, SAII.,
oppression." In the emergency he was now
placed in comm.ind. It had all along been
understood that as soon as a stand w;as made
by any Patriot force, the Canadians would
flock to their standard. In this thev now-
found tliemselves grossly deceived ; not a
single man came to their relief. They were
looked ui)on as brigands and robbers. On the
morning of the iSth, three Canadian steam-
boats, the " Coburg," the " I'",xi)eriment " and
the " Traveller," with about 400 regular troops
from Kingston, were seen coming down the
" I'nited States" while in .\nierican waters
jiassing through her wheel house, killing the
man at the wheel. The liritish troops, under
Colonel Dundas, came marching from Pres-
colt to annihilate the i'atriots. \ aw Schoult/,
marched his men out of the building into the
field. They formed in line behind a stone
fence, which they used as a breast-work.
The Hritish commenced firing when about
150 yards away, and continued their firing as
thev athanccd, without doing any iniurv.
T'he '• Patriots " held their fire until the
i6o
A S0(.r/:.\7A' (^F THE ST. LAWRESCE RIVER.
enemy hail .ulv.iiu til hi witliiii lillccii rods,
and then llicy ^^ol the order to fire, 'i'his
broad-side resulted in killing liiirty-six liriiisli
soldiers, and woundiiii; many others. The
British fell back, but the firin'; lontiiuied on
both sides. This was followed by the with-
drawal of the "Patriots" — some into the
wind-mill, anil others occupyinj^ the outhouses,
but conlinuiiii; their tire at loni; raii_ne. The
cannon shots aimed at the mill j^lanced olT
and |)roduced no etfect upon the walls. The
battle raged three hours and twenty minutes,
durin;; which time six of the Patriots had been
killed, and twenty-one wounded. It was esti-
mated that seventy-five of the British lay dead
u[ion the field, and 150 were wounded.
(.Colonel Dundas now :,ent a fia^ of truce, ask-
ing a cessation of hostilities for an hour, that
he might remove his dead and wounded, which
was cheerfidly granted by \"on Schoult/.
The strife was watched with intense interest
by a large crowd of ])eople at Ogdensburg,
ilirectly oiiposite. The river now being clear,
Hon. Preston King, with a few volunteers,
chartered the '" Paul Pry " to go over and get
the Patriots away from the wind-mill. 'I'his
was done probably by consent of the British
forces. The boat went over, but only a few
of the men chose to leave. Jonah Woodruff,
the artist, afterwards the sleeping-car inventor
and proprietor, was one of those who came
away on the " Paul Pry." As time was i)rec-
ious, the night dark and the limit of tlie truce
uncertain, the men in the mill irresolute and
under i)oor military subjection, Mr. King and
his party were forced to leave with but few,
when all could have been saved.
.Vbout 10 o'clock on the thiril ilay the
British regulars, reinforced with about 1,000
militia, came bearing down upon this almost
defenseless baud in the oKI mill. They had
but little ammunition left, but they resolved
to sell their lives as dearly as ]iossible. The
troops continued firing their cannon antl vol-
leys of musket balls, however, without peril-
ous effect. .\t length Von Schoult/. ordered
a cannon loaded with musket balls, sjiikes and
pieces of iron placed in the door of the mill,
and at an oi)i)ortune moment it was ilis-
chargeil, killing twenty-live of the British and
wounding as many more. Tiiis threw them
into confusion, and they retreated.
At length Von Schoultz saw that his men
coidd not stand another clhuge, and, with
much reluctance, sent out a (lag of truce, the
bearers of whi( h were innnedialely taken pris-
oners. They then tlisplayed a while Hag from
the to]) of the mill, but no notice was taken of
it. Towanls night Colonel Dundas sent out
a llag demanding a surrender ot the men at
his discretion. Von Schoultz offered to sur-
render as prisoners of war, but Colonel Dun-
das would grant no conditions. Finally the
little band, finding ojiposition hopeless, gave
themselves uj) without terms into the hands of
the British commander.
Thus eiuled one of the most foolish and ill-
conceiveil exjieditions that was ever under-
taken. Nineteen of the patriots were killed,
thirty-five were wounded and about 190 were
taken jirisoners. The latter were placed on
board the steamers and taken to Kingston,
where they were ( on fined in Fort Henry. It
was estimated that about 125 of the British
were killed and 200 wountled.
The prisoners were confined in scpiads of
fifteen to twenty in small rooms in the fort,
and placed under a strong guard. Sir Cieorge
.\rthur had decided that they were brigands
and must be tried by a court martial, to be
composed of seven field officers and seven
ca|itains of the line.
The serious condition of these prisoners
excited the sympathy of the pef)ple of Jeffer-
son county as well as of their friends, and
meetings were held in all the towns under
great excitement, petitions being circulated
far and wide ami extensively signed. These
were presented to Sir C.eorge Arthur, the
governor-general, asking clemency for these
poor deluded victims. The best legal talent
in the State volunteer :d their aid in defence
of the prisoners, and in mitigation of their
condition. William H. Seward, Philo Cirid-
ley, Hiram Denio, Joshua .\. Sjjencer, Bernard
Bagley and George C^ Sherman, all united and
used their best efforts in ajipealing to the
governor-general for clemency.
I
%
1
THE '■ PATRIOT • II'. IK.
l6i
The court convened on the sStli of Novem-
bci ; Daniel (leorge being tlie first prisoner to
he tried, pleaded not guilty. When he was
t.iken from tlie steamer, papers were found in
his pockets coinmissioiiing iiim as paymaster
of the eastern division of the Patriot army.
\'()n Schoiilt/ was then brought before tiie
court for trial. lie employed the barrister,
Sir John McDonald, to aid him in his defense.
He pleaded guilty, lie sent a written ajipeal
t(j the governor-general, in wiiich lie stated
th.'t he was deluded into joining in the inva-
sion of Canada by the gross misrepresenta-
tions of such men as J. Ward Itirge and Will-
iam I, yon McKen/.ic, who claimed to know
tile sentiment and wishes of the jieople of
(Canada, and that they would be received with
open arms. Also, that the militia, when
called <3Ut, wou'd tlock to their standard. All
of \vhi( li proved to be a base delusion. He
a^ked for mercy at his haiuls. livery means
of inlluence which coidd be brought to bear
ii|)on the governor-general by such men as
Judge r'ine, Silas Wright and a iiost of others,
could not change his determination of execut-
ing all the otficers and leaders.
I )orepluis .\bbey, a former newsjjaper editor
of Watertown, was the next to be tried. He
was captured while carrying a flag of truce,
and was next in rank to Von Schoultz. Next
was Martin Woodrutf. .Ml of these, after
trial, namely : Daniel (ieorge, Nicholas \'on
Schoult/, Dorepluis Abbey and Martin Wood-
ruff were sentenced by Sir (Ieorge Arthur to
be hanged, and this sentence was carried out
December .Slh. \'on Schoultz made his will,
giving, among his many be<|uests, ,'S;io,ooo for
the benefit of the families of the British
soldiers who were killed at the battle of the
Windmill. He also wrote the following ])a-
thetic and farewell letter io his friend, W^irren
Green, of Syracuse:
" DiAK rKiKMi. — When you «',( this letter, I shall
be no more. I have been inliirmed liiat my execu-
tion will lake place lo-morrow. Mav (iod forgive
llieni who brought nie to this untimely death. Hard
as my fate is, I have made up my mind to forgive
them, and do. I have been promised a lawyer to
write my will —intend lo appoint yon my executor.
ileliveced to yuii and buind un ymii farm. I have
no time to wiitc more becmse I have great need ot
lominunicating wuh my Cieator to prei)are nivself
for His presence. The time allowed me for this Is
short. .My last wish to the .Americans is. that tin v
will not think of avenging my de.Uh. Let no fuither
lilood be shed. .-Vnd believe me, fiuin what I have
Seen, all the stories which were told of the siilleiings
of the Canadian people were untrue. (Jive my love
lo youi sister, and tell her that I think of her as I do
of my own mother. M.ay (jod rew.ird her for her
kindness. I further beg of yon to take care of W. j.
so that he may lind honorable bread. Farewell, my
dear friends. May God bless you and (irotect yon.
" Deceiiihcr 1 8.
"N. VON .SCIIOLLT/.."
Joel Peeler and Sylvanus Sweet were exe-
cuted, Janu.try II, icS^rj. Sylvester I,awlon,
Duncan .Anderson, Christopher lUicklcy, Rus-
sell Phelps ami I.yman H. Lewis were sent to
the scaffold, Febrtiary ii. They were fol-
lowed by Martin \'an Slyke, William O'Neal
and James Cummings. The otticers now
having all been dealt with, they made quick
work trying the men under them. The pris-
oners were brought into court in s(piads of
from ten to fifteen, aiul asked a few ((uestions,
and were then returned to their quarters.
They all expected that their doom was sealed,
and were anxiously awaiting their death war-
rants. Putt a powerful inlluence was brought
to bear upon ("lOvernor-General .Arthur, and
he finally decided that there would be no more
executions, and went so far as to say that a
number of them would be pardoned. The
court had adjourned from January 4th to
February 26th. The prisoners were allowed
10 receive visits from their friends, but under
close guard. On the 8th of .April the steamer
" Commodore Harry " arriveil at Sackets
Harbor with twenty-two prisoners, pardoned
by the governor-general. And on the 27th
of .'\pril, thirty-seven more pardoned jirisoners
arrived at the same place. .Ml released were
under twenty-one years of age. The balance
of the men remained in the fort all summer,
uncertain as to their fate, whether they would
be pardoned or banisherl. On tlie 17th of
September, 1S39, orders were given to prejiare
for dcp.irture, and ninety-five of them were
If the Uriiish government [lermits it, I wish my body heavily ironed, placed in canal barges and
1^2
,; so('r/:.\7A' (>r riii-: sr. lawrewe rivek.
l.ikcn to Montreal, and lluii'. with anollicr
lot of |ii i^oncrs, niakinjj; ahoiit i so in all, wi-ri'
|iut on board tlu' ship " liiiffilo," bouml lor
\'aii Dicinan's Island.
i'L'briiary 13, iH.)o, alter an nncvcntliil
\-oyagL', tlu-y landed in the harbor of Hobart
Town. After the insjieetor had taken a dc-
seriiitioii of tiieni, the ^(j\ernor, Sir John
franklin, who afterwards died diiriiii; a \ci)-
age of (.'Xploration to the Arclii renion, ( ame
to see them, and after looking tin in over.
r(.'ad their sentence, which was banishment
for life. He was happy to learn of the <.ip-
tain of the " lUiffalo" thai they had beha\ed
remarkably well during the voyage, lie also
informed them that they would be phu ed at
hard labor on the ijublic roails with other
c:on\icts, and that with good belunior, after
three \e.irs, they woidd be granted tickets of
leave, which wonld give ihein the Idierty of
the island.
.\fter three years of this service, lliey were
granted tickets of leave, but were 1 oidined
within certain limits, and obliged to report at
the station every S.itnrday night. If thev so
desired, they coidd be changed from one dis-
trict to another. The deliverance from the
he. ivy work they had hitherto endureil was a
blessing, and gave them new life. .\ rew.ird
of .1 pardon and free jiassage to .\nierica hav-
ing been offered by the governor to any of
the convicts who would < ajiture some bush-
rangers who were infesting the island, W.
Gates, Stephen Wright, .V.iron Dresser and
(leorge Brown succeeded in discovering the
hiding-i)lace and capturing twof)f the range';;.
They were pardoned, and, after a long voy-
age, returned to .\merica, having served l'i\c
years of a convict's life.
In September, i<S45, the governor com-
menced to deal out ]iardons of ten and fifteen
at a time. He thought it not cpiite safe to
liberate too many at once. During the year
i<S46. all of the ("anadian jirisoners had re-
ceived pardons excei^ting some few whose
behavior did not entitle tliein to such a re-
ward.
Thus ended the Patriot war. It was not
without some beneficent results to the
("anadas, for the home government granted
them a new ( li.irter, by which the jirovinces
were united into .1 dominion with a p.irlia-
meiit. The Tories were defe.ited in the p.ir-
liament, and the Reform party, after driving
tliein from ]iower, assumed control of the
St, lie. I'"\en the oull.iw, Willi, iin I, yon M( -
Keii/ie, was restored to ( ili/eusiiip, and w,is
lor m.my years a member of p.irliament, and
the premier of the government. .\ 1 urious
phase of the I'.itriot troubles w.is ihe effect on
the ]iolilical heads of N'.itiona) and State
governments. rrcsidiait \'.ni I'.uren and
( io\ el nor Marcv wi.re both sciundly denouiu ed
by m.iny newspapers f'/r performing their
duty in enfori ing the neulralily laws, and lost
many votes in the fronlier St.ites. Marc y w.is
succeeded by Sew.ird, and on tlie day ihe
election of Harrison was annouiu eel in Wash-
iiv^lon, the bovs shoiiled about ihe White
I louse the refr.iin : "X'.in! V.in ! is .1 used-up
num." And e\en ('leneral Scott atlributeil
his f.iilure to receive the Whig nomination at
tile Ilarrisburg N.ition.il Convention Icj the
in.uhinations of Col. Solomcm \'an Reiisse-
l.ier, .1 delegate from New \'ork. who held .i
spite against Ciener.il Scott for ha\ing
"sipielched" his son, the gener.il in com-
mand at Xa\y Island. 1. .v. 11.
During the " I'.ariot" war, W.itertown and
llie adioining tcjwns were tilled with ex-
|ialri.iled ''Patriots'' who h.ul lied from
C'.m.ida to avoid arrest and imprisonment for
alleged treason. Waterlown being the head-
cpiarters of the C'anadian leaders, William
I, yon MeKen/ie, Van Reiir^selaer, and others,
were located at the old stone Mansion House,
kept by I.uther Ciilson, on the site of the
liresent Iron block. The old hostelr\- was
crowded with ihe patriots. During the early
winter of 1S38, the then governor-general of
U])|)er Canada, who had been recalled from
his position by the Pritish government, was
ordered to return. This notable official was
Sir l''rancis liond-Head, an ex-ofticer of the
British army, and thoroughly despised in
Canada. Wishing to reach N'ew York to sail
for England, he undertook to make the jour-
■5
\
i
rilE "PATRIOT- WAR.
'6,^
j^litcwd kilow. Alter .1 short
ncy by ->t.it;c to Utici vi;i W'.itirtown. Not
desirous of nut ;ini; his expalrialed sulijccts lime, S( anion noti( ed that the \alet was iiiiss-
for fear of reionnition and jiossilile insult, he ingt and his susjiicions were aroused, so he
determined to pass liiron^h incognito. Leav- bej^an to iuint iiini iii). After hiokinj; hii^h
ing Kingston during the night, accompanied and low and all aroimd the public scpiare
by a |irominent < iti/cn of that city, to whom without finding iiim, he continuetl to sean h
he acted the part of valet (or geiuleman's elsewhere, and at last found the lost valet
gentleman), he arriveil safeU' next morning by cosily sitting on
waiion anil diixi'r, hiied as an "extra." 'The
driver, not beiiiji informed as tu the quality or general,
wheelbarrow near the
stables. Walking u|) to the Lite governor-
le recogni/ed him at once, intro-
5lr.NAI.INr, THF, "NOUrU KINi;," OF rUK CANADIAN LINK.
rank of his i)assengcrs, dro\e str. light to ihe
Mansion Mouse, and landed his man at the
luachiuarters of his enemies. It was just
after tlie breakfast hour, and the lobby was
filled with the Patriot community, wIkj recog-
nized the Kingston citizen and greeted him
cordially, but did not recognize the valet,
who discreetly kept in the back ground.
I'rominenl among the I'atriot leaders at the
hotel was Hugh Scanlon, an Irish-Canadian,
ducing himself, Scanlon invitetl him to break-
f.ist anil to meet his late sidjjects, assuring
liim that he would be welcome, and receive
every courtesy due his rank. The governor
accepted the invitation and came forward.
He was met by all in a c:ourteousand friendly
way, and was assisted in his arrangements for
departure. He left town in a coach and four,
with cheers, and without a single uncompli-
mentary remark, .\. j. v.
MR. JOHN A. HADDOCK'S
CELEBRATED BALLOON VOYAGE WITH PROFESSOR LA MOUNTAIN.
i :
' i ■
IT is now about tliirt '-five years since the
I imdeisi^nLcl made li,c ;".'."..ioral)le balloon
voyaj;e with Professor LaMoiintain — a vo\ aj;e
intended to be short and |.]easani, but which
resulted in a lonjj; and most disastrous one.
entailint; the loss of the v iluable balloon, and
seriously endangerin,^ ilu' lives of the travel-
lers. Since then, LaMountain, after serving
through the great rebellion, has made his last
" voyage," and has entered upon that exist-
ence where all the secrets of the skies are as
well defined and understood as are the course
of rivers here on the earth.
To fully understand my reasons for making
the tri|), some leading facts should be pre-
sented :
I. There had been, all through the year
1X59, much excitement in the public mind
upon the subject of ballooning. In August
of that year, I returned from Labrador, and
found that the balloon Atlantic, with Wise,
Hyde, (iaeger and LaMountain, had been
driven across apart of Lake Ontario, whileon
their great trip from St. Louis to New York
city, and had landed and been wrecked in
Jefferson county, N. V., and the i)eople of
that whole section were consequently in a
state of considerable excitement upon tliesub-
j(;ct of navigating the air.*
■^ 'I'lie Wise named above w.is the celebrated ;imo-
naiit, Professor John Wise, of Lancaster, P.i.; and I
Mi.ay here remark that the trip made by him and liis
associates is by far the longest on record. Leaving
St. Louis at .nboiu 4 i'. m., they passed the whole
night in the air, were carried across tlie States of
Illinois, Indiana, a portion of Ohio and Micliigan,
over the whole nortlnvestern breadth of Pennsylva-
2. I had heard of otlier newspaper editors
making tri[)s in balloons, had read their glow-
ing acctnints, and it seemed to me like a verv
cunning thing. Desiring to enjoy " all that
was a-goiiig," 1 n.iturally wanted a balloon
ride, too, and therefore concluded to go, ex-
|)ecting to be absent from home not more than
ten or twelve hours at the longest, and to
have a good time. Deing a newspaper man,
and always on the alert for news, I had also
a natural desire to do all in my powt'r to add
to the local interest of my journal, and for
th-1 reason felt a willingness to go through
with more fatigue and hazard t'lan men are ex-
pected to endure in ordinary business pursuits.
.S. I felt safe in going, as I knew that La-
Mountain was an intrepid and successful
aeronaut, and I thought his judgment was to
be deijcnded upon. How he was misled as to
distance, and how little he knew, or any man
can know, of air navigation, the narrative will
re.adilv demonstrate.
nia ami .New Voric, and were at last wrecked in a
hiiue tree top near the shore of Lake Ontario, at
about 3 p. M. the next day, escajiin^ with sin-ere
bruises, hut witliout broken bones, after a journev
of eleven hundred miles. These adventurers did
not travel as fast, nor encounter the perils that
awaited us, but they made a lonjjer vo\aj;e. It was
with this same balloon Atlantic that l.aMnuntain and
myself made our trip; but it had been reduced one-
third in size, and was as jiood as new. [olm Wise
afterwards lost his life in a balloon, but just where
he perished was never known. Gaegerwas a maiui-
facturer of crockery, and he died in Massaihusetls.
Hyde is publishing a newspaper in one of the w<st
ern States. I^aMountain died in his bed at Lansing-
Inirgh, N. Y., about 1SS4.
V-
I
!\TR. /(1//.\ ./. IIAnnnCKS CEl.EliRATED HM.I.OOX VOV AGE.
ir,5
With ilicsL' f\|ilan,iiioiis. I will iirocuud with
my Diij^inal ii:u I'.ilivc, nearly as written nni at
thr tiine.
NiMily I'verv oiic in Walcrtown is aware
that the sc<()n(l ascension of the halloon At-
lantic was a(l\ertise(l for the 20lh of Seiileni-
her. 1.S59. The storm of that aiul the follow-
inj; (lay ohlij^ed the ijostponenient of the
ascension until the 22(1. l'",\ery arrangement
had lieeii made for a snccessfnl inllation, and
at 27 minutes before 6 i'. m., the glad words
''all aboard " were hoard from l.aMountain,
and that distinguished ;eronaut and myself
ste|)ped into the car. Many were the friendly
liiinds we shook — many a fervent "(lod bless
yoii," and " hajipy voyage," were uttered —
and many handkerchiefs waved their mute
adieus. " I, el go all," and away we soared ;
in an ii. slant all minor soiuids of earth had
ceased, and we were lifted into a silent
sphere, whose shores were without an echo,
their silence e(|ualed only by that of the
grave. \o feeling of trepidation was ex|)eri-
euced ; an exr aordinary elation took posses-
sion of us, and fear was as far reiuoved as
though we hail been sitting in our own rooms
at home.
Two or three things struck me as iicculiar
in looking down from an altitude of half a
mile : the small appearance of our village
from such a height and the beautiful mechani-
cal look which the straight fences and oblong
sipiare fields of the farmers |)resent. As we
rose into the light, lleecy clouds, the)' looked
between us and the earth like patches of snow
we see lying upon the landscape in spring-
time ; but when we rose a little higher the
clouds completely shut out the earth, and the
cold, white masses below us had i)recisely the
same look that a mountainous snow-covered
country does, as you look down u|)on it from
a higher mountain. Those who have crossed
the .Alps — or have stood upon one of the
lofty summits of the Sierra Nevada, and gazed
down upon the eternal snows below and
around them, will be able to catch the idea.
In six minutes we were far above all the
clouds, and the sun and we were face to face.
We saw the time after that when his face
would have been very welcome to us. In
eight nunules after leaving the earth, the
thermometer showed a fall of 24 degrees. It
stood at tS4 when we left. The balloon ro-
tated a gooil deal, proving that we were as-
cending with great rapidity. At 5:48 the
thermometer stood at 42, and failing very
fast. .\t 5:50 We were at least two miles high
— thermometer 34.
An unpleasant ringing sensation had now
become painful, and I filled both ears witli
cotton. At 5:52 we put on our gloves and
shawls — thermometi'r ,52. The wet sandbags
now became stiff with cokl — they were
frozen. Ascending very rapidly. .\t 5:5.^
thermometer 2.S, and falling. I lere we caught
our last sight of the earth by ila\light. 1
recognized the St. Lawrence to the southwest
of us, which showed we wiTe ilrifting nearly
north. .\t 6 o'clock we thought we were de-
scending a little, and l.aMountain directed
me to throw out about 20 pounds of ballast.
'I'his shot us up again — thermometer 26, and
falling very slowly. \\ 6:05 thermometer
22 — my feet were very cold. 'I'he .\llantic
was now full, and i)resenteil a most splendiil
sight. The gas began to discharge itself at
the mouth, and its abominable smell, as it
came down ujjon us, maile me sick. .X mo-
ment's vomiting helped my case materially.
La.Mountain was suffering a good deal with
cold. I passed my thick shawl around his
shoulders, and put the blanket over our knees
and feet. .\t 6:10 thernuuiieter iS, We
drifted along until the sun left us, and in a
short time thereafter the balloon began to de-
s('end. We must have been, bet'ore we began
to descend from this height, },\ miles high.
At 6:32 thermometer 23 ; rising. We were
now about stationary, and thought we were
sailing north of east. We could, we thought,
distinguish water below us, but wert; unable
to recognize it. .\t 6:38 we threw over a bag
of sand, making So pounds of ballast dis-
charged, and leaving about 120 ])ounds on
hand. We distinctly heard a dog bark.
Thermometer 28 — and rising ra])idly. At
6:45 ''ic thermometer stood at 33.
.\t 6:50 it was dark, and I could make no
1 66
.■; .S()r/7-..\7A' ('/" THE ST. LAWRESCE RIVER.
iiioie incinoraiida. I luil up my noti' Ijook,
licncil .iiul \v.it( li, ami suttlLil down in tlu;
basket, Icclinj^ i|iiiti; conlcntcd. I'lum tliis
|.oi:it until next morning 1 give my experience
Ircm memory only. Tlie figures given were
made at llie tinu' indie ated, and tiie tiicrmo-
metrit variatiiins (an he depended on as ipiite
accurate,
We lieard, soon after iliat, a locomotive
wliistle, and oticasionally coiiltl liear wagons
rumbling o\cr the ground or a bridge, while
the farmers" dogs kept u|i a continual baying,
as if I i)nsi:i()us there was something unusual
in the sky. We sailed along, contented and
chattv, until about half-past eight o'clock,
when we distim^tly saw lights below us, and
heard the roaring of a mighty water-fall. We
descended into a valley near a very high
mountain, but, as the place ap])eared rather
forbidding, we concluded to go uj) again.
Over with ,^o pounds of ballast, and sky-ward
we sailed. In about .20 minutes we again de-
scended, but this lime no friendly light
greeted us. We seemed to be over a dense
wilderness, and the balloon was settling down
into a small lake. We had our life-preservers
ready for usi?, but got up again by throwing
out all our ballast, except perhaps 20 pounds.
1, a Mountain now declared it was folly to stay
up any longer, that we were over a great wil-
derness, and the sooner we descended the
better. We concluded to settle down by the
side of some tall tree, tie up, and wait until
morning. In a moment we were near the
earth, and as we gently descended I graspetl
the extreme top of a high spruc:e, which
stopped the balloon's momentum, and we
were soon lashed to the tree by our large
drag-ro])e.
We rolled ourselves up in our blankets, ])a-
tiently waiting for the morning. The cold
rain spouted down upon us in rivulets from
the great balloon that lazily rolled from side
to side over our heads, and we were soon
drenched and uncomfortable as men could
be. After a night ])assed in great ajjurehen-
sion and unrest, we were right glad to see the
first faint rays of coming light. Cold and
rainy the morning at last broke, the typical
l)recursor of other dismal mornings to be
^|ient in thai uninhabited wilderness. We
waited until o'( lo( k in hopes the r.iin would
cease, ami that the rays of the sun, by warm-
ing and thereby e\panding the gas in the bal-
loon, would give us ascending power sufficient
to get up again, for the i>urpose of obtaining
a view of the country into which we h.ul de-
s<cnded. 'i'he r.iin did not (ease, and we
(iiiK luded to throw over all we had in the
b.dloon, e\i ept a coat for each, the life-pre-
servers, the anchor and tlu' ( ompass. Over-
board, then, they went — good shawls and
blankets, bottles of ah' and a llask of cordial,
ropes and traps of all kinds. The Atlantic,
relieved of this wet lo.ul, rose majestically with
us, anil we were able to behold the coun-
try below. It w.is an unbroken wilderness of
l.ikes ,nid spru< e — and I began then to full\'
realize that we had, indeed, gone too far,
through a miscalculation of the \elocity of tire
balloon. .\s the current was still driving us
iowards the north, we dare not stay up, as we
were drifting still farther and farther into
trouble. l.aMountain stized the \alve-cord
and (li-.charged the gas. and we descended in
safety to the solid earth. Making the .Atlan-
tic fast by her anchor, we considered what
was to be done.
We had not a mouthful to eat, no ])rotection
at night from the wet ground, were distant we
knew not how far from any habitation, were
hungry to start with, had no possible ex|)ecta-
tion of making a fire, and no definite or satis-
factory idea as to where we were. We had
not even a respectable pocket knife, nor a pin
to make a fish hook of — indeed, we were
about as well e(iui[)ped for forest life as were
the babes in the woods.
.After a jirotracted discussion, in which all
our ingenuity was brought to bear iijion the
tpieslion of our whereabouts, we settled in our
minds (mainly from the character of the tim-
ber around us), that we were either in John
ISrown's tract, or in that wilderness lying be-
tween Ottawa City and I'rescott, Canada. If
this were so, then we knew that a course south
by east would take us out if we had strength
enough to travel the distance.
I
^1'
It
MR. /()//\ A. /fADPOCKS C'-LEnRATED EAI.I.OOX VOYAGE.
167
TKWII'ISC IN llll'. WOODS.
Acting ii|)oii our com liision, we started
tlirmigli tin: woods towards tl>e south-east.
After travelling about a mile we came to the
liank of a small stream llowing from the west,
anil were agreeably surprised to liiid that
some hum m being had been there before us,
for we found the stumps of several small trees
and the head of a half-barrel, which had con-
tained pork. I eagerly examined the inspec-
tion-stump ; it read :
"MESS PORK."
" I'. M."
" MoNTKKAL."
This settled the question that we were in
Canada, as I very well knew that no .Montreal
inspection of pork e\er found its way into the
State of New \'()rk. .\lthough the course we
had adopted was to be a south-easterly one,
we yet concluded to follow this creek \o the
weslwartl, and all day Friday we travelled up
its hanks — crossing it about noon on a float-
ing log, and striking on the southern shore, a
" bla/ed " |)ath, wliich led to a deserted lum-
ber road, and it in turn bring us to a log
shanty on the opjxisite bank. We had hoped
this lumber road would lead us out into a
clearing or a settlement, but a careful exami-
nation satisfied us that the ro.id ended here,
its obje<:tive point evidently being the shanty
on the other bank. We concluded to cross
the creek to the shanty, and stay there all
night. Collecting some small timbers for a
raft, I.aMountain crossed over safely, shoving
the raft back to me. Hut my weight was
greater than my companion's, and the trail
structure sank under nie, jirecipilating me
into the water. 1 went in all over, but swam
out, though it took all my strength to do so.
On reaching the bank I found myself so
chilled as scarcely to be able to stand. I
took off all my clothes and wrung them as dry
as I could. We then proceeded to the shanty,
where we found some refuse straw, but it was
dry, and under a pile of it we crawled — pull-
ing it over our heads and faces, in the hope
that our breath might aid in warming our
chilled bodies. I think the most revengeful,
stony heart would h.ive jiitied our <(>ndition
then. I will not attempt to describe our
thoughts as we lay there ; home, children,
wife, partMits, friends, with their sad and anx-
ious faces, rose up reproachfully before us as
we tried to sleep. Hut the weary hours of
night at last wore away, and at daylight we
held a new council. It was eviilent, we ar-
gued, that the creek we were upon was used
bv the lumbermen for " driving " their logs
in the spring freshets. If, then, we followed
it to its <i)nlluence with the Ottawa or some
stream which emptied into the Ottawa, we
would eventually get out the same way the
timber went out. The roof of the shanty was
covered with the halves of hollow logs,
scoopetl out in a manner familiar to all woods-
men. These were dry and light, and woidd
make us an excellent raft. Why not, then,
take four of these, tie them to cross-pieces by
wythes and such odd things as we could find
aroutul the shanty, and pole the craft down
stream to that civilization which even a saw-
log apjieared able to reach. Such, then, was
the plan adoptetl, although it imolved the re-
tracing of all the stejjs hitherto taker, and an
ai)])arent departure from the course we had
concluded would lead us out.
Without delay, then, we dragged the hollow
logs down to the creek, and I.aMountain pro-
ceeded to tie them together, as he was more of
a sailor than myself. We at last got under
way, and, as we luished olf, .1 miserable crow
set up a dismal cawing — an inausjiicious sign.
We poled down the stream about a mile,
when we came abrui)lly u|i()n a large pine
tree which had fallen across thi' current, and
coin[)letely blocking the ])assage of the raft.
No other course was left us but to untie the
raft, and push the pieces through under the
log. This was at last accomplished, when we
tied our craft together again, and i>oled ilown
the stream. To-tlay each of us ate a raw frog
(all we could find), and began to realize that
we w.. ' hungry. \'el there was no com-
pl'''iiing — our talk was of the hopeful future,
and of the home and civilization we yet ex-
pectetl to reach. Down the creek we went,
into a lake some four miles long, and into
ir.s
A sol: I ■ EX /R OF THF. ST. rnvRi-.xci-: R/r/:R.
whii ii \vc of course supposed tlic stream to
])ass, with its outlet at the lower end. We
foHowed (h)wn the nortliern hank, keeping
ahvays near llie ^hore anil in shallow water, so
that our poles couUl touch the bottom, until
we readied the lower extremity of the lake,
where we found no outlet, and so tur-vtlhack
upon the southern shore in (piest of one. On
reaching the head of the lake, and examining
the stream attentively, we found that tiie cur-
rent of the creek turn 1 abruptly to the riglu,
which was the reasi if our losing it. U'e
felt happy to have lound our current again,
.intl plied our ])oles like heroe-.. We passed,
late in the afternoon, the spot where we had
at first struck the creek, and where we stuck
up some dead branches a> ,i lan<lmark which
might aid us in case we should, ai a future
time, atteni[)t to save the Atlantic.
When night came on we did not stop, but
kejjt the raft going down through the shades
of .iwful forests, whose solemn stillness
seemed to hide from us the unrevealed mys-
, tery of our darkening future. l)uring the
morning the rain had ceased, but about lo
o'clock at night it lonnnencetl ag.iin. ^\'e
stopped the " vessel " and cr.iwleil in under
some "tag" alders on the bank, where our
extreme weariness enabled us to get, jierhaps,
half an hour":-; sleep. Rising again (for it was
easier to pole the raft at night in the rain down
an unknf)wn stream amidst the shadows of
that awfid forest than to lie on the ground and
freeze), we pressed on until perhaps 5 in
the morning, when pure exhaustion comi)elled
us to stop again. This time we found a spot
where the clayey bank lacked a little of
coming down to the water. On the mud we
threw our little bundle of straw, and sat down
with our feet drawn up under us, so as to
])resent as little surface to the rain as possible.
I'ut we could not stand such an uncomfort-
able jiosition long, and as the daylight of the
Sabbath broke upon us, we were poling down
the stream in n drizzling rain. M .S o'clock
we rea< lied a spf)t at which the stream nar-
rowed, rushing over large bouhlers, and
between roiky shores. This was trouble,
indeed. To get our raft down this place, we
regarded as well-nigh hopeless. We tied u])
and examined the shore. Here, again, we
founil unmistakable marks left by the lumber-
men, they having evidently camped at this
point, to be h.indy by in the labor of getting
the timber o\er this bad spot in the stream.
'I'he r.ijjids were about a third of a mile long,
and very turbulent. .After a protracted sur-
vey we descended the bank, and thought it
best to abandon our raft, and try our luck on
foot again. After travelling about a mile, we
found the bank so tangled and nigged, and
ourselves so much exhausteil, that satisfactory
progress was imjiossible. So we concluded to
go back, and if we could get the raft down,
even one piece at a time, we would go on
with her — if not, we would build as good a
place as jiossible to shield us from the cold
and wet, and there await with f(jrtitiule that
death from starvation which was beginning to
be regarded as a probability. This was our
tliir<l day of earnest labor and distressing
fatigue, and in all that time we had not eaten an
ounce of food, nor had dry clothing u|)on us.
.\cting upon our resolution, we at once com-
menced to get the raft down the rapids, and I
freely confess tli.it this was the most trying
anil laborious work of a wiiole life of labor.
The jiieces would not lloat over a rod at a
time, before they would stick on some stone
which the low water left above the surface,
and then you must pry the stick over in some
way, and pass it along lo the next obstruction.
We were obliged to get into the stream, often
u[) to the middle, with slipperv boulders be-
neath our feet. Several times I fell headlong
— comjiletely using up our compass, which now
frantically pointed in any direction its addleti
head took a fancy to. The water had ungiiied
the case, and it was ruined, .\fter long hours
of such labor, we got the raft down, and La-
Mountain again tied it together. Passing on,
in about an hour, we came to a large lake,
about ten miles long by six broad. Around it
we must of course pass, until we should find
the desired outlet. So we turned u]) lo the
right, and pressed on with as much resolution
as we co\dd muster. 'I'o-day we found one
clam, which I insisted LaMountain should
J
/
;
MR. JOHN A. IfADDOCKS Cr.I.l.BRATED BAI.LOOX VOYAGE.
iC'C)
f
eat, as he was much weaker tliaii myself, and f>ne knee and then on the oilier, so stiff and
had eaten notliint; on the day we went up. weak that we could hardly stand. Again
I'art of this day LaMountain slept upon the upon the silent, monotonous lake, we went —
raft, and I was " boss and all hands." As the following around its sh(jre for an outlet.
])oor fellow lay there, completely used up, 1 AI)ont lo o'clock we came to (|uite a broad
saw that he could not he of much more assist- northern stream, which we thought was the
ance in getting out. luysipelas, from which outlet we were seeking, and we entered it with
he had previously suffered, had attacked his joy, believing it would take us to our long
right eye ; his face was shriveled so that he sought Ottawa. Shortly after entering this
looked like an old man, and his clothes
were nearly torn from his body. A
few tears could not be restrained, and
my prayer was for speedy deliverance
or speedy death. While my com])an-
ioii was asleep and I busily poling the
raft along, I was forced to the con-
clusion, after delibe,,' ely canvassing
all the chances, that we were pretty
sure to ])erish tliere luiserably at last.
Hut 1 could not cease my efforts while
I had strength, and so around the
lake we went, into all the indentations
of the shore, keejiing always in shallow
water. The day at last wore away,
and we stopped at night at a place we
thought least exposed to the wind.
We dragged the end of our raft out
of the water, and laid down u])on the
cold ground. We were cold when we
laid down, and both of us trembled
by the hour, like men suffering from a
severe attack of the ague. The wind
Ivul risen just at night, and the dismal
surging of the waves upon the shore,
formed, I thought, a fitting lullaby to
our disturbed and dismal slumbers.
By this time our clothes were nearly
torn off. My pantaloons were s|)lit up
both legs, and the waistbands nearly gone. My stream it widened out, and began to appear
boots were mere wrecks, and our mighty wrest- like a mere lake. We poled up the westerly
lings in the rapids had torn the skin from ankles shore for about seven miles, but found our-
and hands. LaMountain's hat had disap- selves again deceived as to the outlet — the
peared ; the first day out he had thrown away water we were upon jiroving to be another
his woolen drawers and stockings, as they lake or bayou. We had gone into this lake
dragged him down by the weight of water with the highest hopes, but when we found
they absorbed. .And so we could sleep but that all the weary miles of our morning travel
little. It really seemed as though, during this had been in vain, and had to be retraced, my
night, we passed through the horrors of death. resolution certainly failed me for a moment.
Hut at daylight we got up by degrees, first on Vet we felt that our duty, as Christian men,
Tlir I'OI'-COKN MAN, KNOWN AS (i[ll " |rs| AllOUT.'
't'\
>'.i
!ii-
170
A .Wrr/TA'/A" OF TlfE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.
was to i^rcss forward as lone; as we could
stand, and leavi' the issue witli a higliei"
l'i)wcr
It liad now luen four full ilays since we ate
a meal. All ve had eaten in the meantime
was a frog apiece, four clams and a few wild
b.'rries, whose acid ])roperties and bitter taste
had probalily done us more harm th.in t^ood.
Our strength was beginning to tail very fast,
and our systems were evidently umlergoing
an extraordinary change. 1 did not permit
myself to tliink of food — the thought of a
well-fdled table would have been too much.
My mind continually dwelt upon poor Strain's
sufferings on the Isthmus of Darien (then
lately ])ublished in Harper's Magazine). lie,
too, was i)addling a raft down an unknown
stream, half starved, and lilleil with dreadful
forebodings. lUit I did not believe we could
hold out half as long as he had, Hesides, he
was lost in a tropical country, where all
nature is kind to man : he had fire-arms ami
other weapons with which to kill g.une. We
were in a cold, inhospitable land, without
arms, and utterly unable to build a fire.
Strain vas ujion a stream which he knew
would eventually bear him to the sea and to
safety ; while we were upon waters whose
flow we positively knew nothing about, and
were as much lost as though in the mountains
of the moon. Vet we could not give it up
so, and tried to summon up fresh courage as
troubles a|)])eared to thicken around us. So
we turned the raft around, and puled it in
silence back towards the place where we had
entered this last lake. We had gone about a
mile when we heard the sound of a gun,
ipiickly folknved by a second rejiort. No
sound was ever so sweet as that. We halloed
as louil as we could, a good many times, but
could get no resjionse. We kept our poles
going ipiite lively, and had gone about half a
mile, when I called LaMountain's attention to
what I thought was smoke curling up among
the trees by the side of a hill. My own eye-
sight had begun to fail very much, and I felt
afraid to trust my dull senses in a matter so
vitally important. I.aMountain scrutini/ed
the shore very closely, and said he thought it
was smoke, and that he believed there was
also a birch canoe on the shore below. In a
^ew moments the blue smoke rolleil unmis-
takably above the tree to[)s, and we felt that
WK WEKIC SAVKH!
S'lch a revulsion of feeling was almost too
much. We could hardly credit our good
fortune, for our many bitter disappointments
had taught us not to be very sanguine. With
the ends of f)ur poles we padilled the raft
across the arm of the lake, here, [)erhaps,
three-ipi.irters of a mile wide, steering for the
canoe. It jjroved to be a large one, evidently
an Indian's. Leaving I.aMountain to guard
and retain the canoe, in case the Indian proved
timid and desired to escape from us, I pressed
hurriedly up the bank, following the foot-
prints I saw in the damp soil, and soon came
ujjon the temporary shanty of a lumbering
wood, from the rude chimney (jt which a
broad volume of smoke was rising. I hal-
loed — a noise was heard inside, and a noble-
looking Indian came to the door. I eagerly
asked him if he could speak French, as I
grasped his outstret( hed hand. " \'es,'' he
replied, " and English, too I " He tlrew me
into the cabin, and there I s.iw the leader of
the party, a noble-hearted Scotchman named
Angus ("ameron. I immediately told my
story ; that we had come in there with a bal-
loon, were lost, and had beiMi over four days
without food — eagerly demanding to know
where we were. Imagine my sur|)rise when
he said we were o.n'k iiundrkd and kkwiiv
MiLi-.s DUK Nokni 111" 01 TAWA, near 300
miles tVoin Watertown. to reach which would
require more than 500 miles of travel, follow-
ing the streams and roads. We were in a
wilderness as large as three States like New
York, extending from Lake Superior on the
west, to the St. Lawrence on the e.;st, and
from Ottawa, on the south, to the .Arctic
circle.
The party consisted of four i)ersons —
Cameron and his assistant, and .1 half-breed
Indian (LaMab McDougal) and his son.
Their savory dinner was ready. I immedi-
ately dispatched the young Indian for La-
i 1
.I/A". JOHX A. HADDOCK'S CELEBRATED BAT.T.OOX rO'ACJE.
171
Mountain, wlio soon rame in, the absolute
picture of wrL'tchedness. Ail that the cabin
contained was freely offered us, and we
iiKi;.\\ ro i;.\i'. I,anguage is inadequate to
express our feelings. Within one little hour
the clouds had lifted from our sombre future,
and we fell ourselves to be men once more
— no longer houseless wanderers amid ]jri-
nieval forests, driven by chance from side
to side, but inspired "oy the near certainty
of seeing home again and mingling with
our fellows once more in the busy scenes of
life.
We soon learned from Cameron that the
stream we had traversed with our raft was
called Filliman's creek — the large lake we
were then near was called the Hos-ke-tong,
and drains into the Bos-ke-tong river, which in
turn drains into the (latineau. The (latineau
joins the Ottawa opposite the city of that
name, the seat of government of ("anada.
Cameron assured us that the Bos-ke-tong and
Ciatineau wcie so rapid and broken that no
set of men could get a raft down, no matter
how well they knew liie country, nor how
nnich provisions they might have. He re-
gar<led our deliverance as purely pro\identiU,
and many times remarked that we would cer-
tainly have ])erished but for seeing the smoke
from his fire. He was liunting timber for
his employers, Gilmour iS; Co., of Ottawa,
and was to start in two days down the Cati-
neau for his headipiarters at Desert. If we
would stay there until he started we were
welcome, he said, to food and accommoda-
tions, and he wMtukl take us down to Desert
in his canoe, and at that point we could get
Indians to take >is further on. He also said
that he had intended to lof)k for timber on
I'illiman's creek, near where the balloon
Would be found, as near as we could describe
the locality to him, and would try to look it
U]) and make the attempt to get it to Ottawa.
This would be a long and tedious operation,
as the portages are very numerous between
the creek and Desert — something over 20 — one
of them three mil(;s long. Over these port-
ages, of course, the silk must be carried on
the backs of Indians.
-After eating all I dared to. and duly cau-
tioning LaMountain not to hurt himself by
over-indulgence, I laid down to sleep. Be-
fore doing so, I had one of the men remove
my boots, and when they came off, nearly the
whole outer skin ])eeleil olf with the stock-
ings. My feet had become parboiled by the
continual soakings of four days and nights,
anil it was fully three m(n:ths before they
were curetl.
-After finishing up his business in the
vicinity where we found him, on I'riday
morning (our ninth day from home), Cameron
started on his return. \\"e stop])ed, on our
way up the creek, at the spot where we had
erected our landmark by which to find the
balloon. We stru< k back for the ]ilace, and
in about twenty minutes found her, impaled
on the tops of four smallish sjiruce trees, and
very much torn. LaMountain concluded to
abandon her. He took the valve as a me-
mento, and I cutout the letters " TIC," which
had formed jiart of her name, and brought
the strip of silk home with me. We reached
what is known as the "New I'arin " on I'ridav
night, and there ended our slei'ping on the
ground. I'p by early dawn, and on again,
through the drenching rain, reaching Desert
on Saturday evening.
At I )esert we were a good deal troubled to
obtain Indians to take us further on. T,a-
Mab McDougal had told liis wife about the
baloon, and she, being superstitous and igno-
rant, had gossipped with the other sijuaws,
and told them the balloon was a '• llying
devil." As we had traveled in this flying
ilevil, it did not require much of a stretch of
Indian credulity to believe that if we were
not the Devil's children we must at least be
closely related. In this extremity we appealed
to Mr. I'.ackus*, a kind-hearted .American
* Soiiiclliiiij; iiuile curious j;rew out of my n.nniind
.Mr. lleiuy Haikiis as having assisted us at the
mouth of tliL' Di'scrt river. My account was geuer-
.iliy pulilishcil ihrougliout the couuliy, ami some ten
(i.iys aftrr our lelum I received ,1 letter from a lady
in Massarliusetis asking me to describe to lier the
man Backus, as that was the name of her long-
absent son, who. twenty years before, had disap-
jieared from home, and had never afterwards been
I
T72
A snrrr.xih' or tiif. st. lawrf.xcf. river.
i8'i
trader, who agncd to iirocuro us a romiile-
mcnt of redskins, wlio would take us lo
Alexis ie lieau's place (sixty miles down the
ri\er), wliere it was thought we could obtain
horse',. Siuiday uiornini; (our eleventh day
Iron' home), we started from Desert, and
reached Alexis le lieau's just at niyht. The
scenery u|ion this part of the route was sub-
lime and imposing. 'I'he primeval forest
stood as grai'id and silent as when created.
Our Indians, too, surpassed a'ythiug I ever
beheld, in physical vigor and entlurance. In
the day's run of sixty miles, there were six-
teen |)ortages to be made. On reaching one
of these places, they would seize the canoe as
(piick as we stepjjcd out of it, jerk it out of
the water and on to their shoidd ■ in half a
minute, and start upon a dog troi as uncon-
cernedly as though bearing no burthen. .Ar-
riving at the fool of the portage, they woukl
toss the canoe into the stre.nn, steadv it until
we were seated, then spring in and pachlle
away, gliding down the stream like an arrow,
in the morning we tra\i.'led llfteen miles and
made seven portages in one hour .uul forty
minutes.
At ,\lexis le I!eau we first beheld a vehicle
denominated a " buckboard " — a wide, thick
plank reaching from one bolster of the wagon
to the other, and upon the middle of which
plank the seat was placeil. This sort of con-
veyance is often used in new countries, being
very cheap, and within the reach of ordinary
mechanical skill. .St.irting off as soon as we
could get something to eat, we travelled all
night through the forest, over one of the worst
roa.tis ever left unfuiished, and reached lirooks'
farm, a sort of frontier tavern, in the early
morning, where we slej)! a coui)le of hours,
lieard from. I niiswciiil the lutlir iininediately, anil
soon after Uariicil lli:U llic man proved lo be li".T
son. and lliat he liad |ironiiscHl lo ronie home.
What liad driven liini awav from civilization lo live
anions the Indians, wms best known to himself.
Hill a man of his grniriius impulses mii;hl liave
been an ornament lo society, and a lilcssintj to his
friends. [This note was written the next week after
we escaped from ihe wilderness. The article
following this ireals of Hackiis' expciience i|iiile
exhaustively.]
and after breakfast |)resse(l on by tlie rough
frontier stage towards ( )tt,iwa.
While the st.ige was stopping to-day to
change horses, I picked up a newspaper at
Her ISritannic Majesty's colonial frontier post-
office, and in it read an ac( ount of our ascen-
sion and positive loss, with a rather llattering
obituary notice of myself. And then, for the
first lime, I began to (■oni])rehend the degree
of concern our protr.icled absence had aroused
in the public mind. And if the jiublic felt
this concern, what would be the degree of
p.un experienced by wife, ( hildren, ]iarents,
friends? These rellections spurred us f(u--
ward— or rather, our money induced the
drivers to hurry up their horses — and at l,i->t,
on the twelfth day of our absence, at about
live o'clock in the afternoon, we jumped off
the stage in front of the telegrajih office in the
good city of Ottawa, whence, in less than five
minutes, the swift lightning was speeding a
message to home and friends. That was a
happy moinent^the happiest of all my life —
when I knew that within thirty minutes my
familv would know of my safety.
I do not know how the peojile of Ottawa
so soon found out who we were — but suppose
the telegraph operator perhaps lold someone ;
and that "some one" must have told the
whole town, for in less than half an hour
there was a tearing, excited, happy, impiisi-
tive mass of people in front of the grand
hotel there — the clerk f)f whicii, when he
looked at our ragged clothes and bearded
faces, at first thought he "hadn't a single
room left," but who, when he found out that
we were the lost balloon men, wanted us to
have the whole hotel, free and above board,
anil had tea and supper and lum h, and "just
a little private supper, you know I " ff)llo\\ ing
each other in rapid, yet most accejitable suc-
cession. The happy crowd in the hotel and
upon the street were determined to shake
hands with us every one, and nearly all
wanted to give or loan us money. Pretty
soon the newspaper men and some juMsonal
acrpiaintances began to jiress through the
crowd, and some cried while others laughed
and luizzahed. Indeed, every one acted as if
«
,1/A'. joiix .1. u.innHKs ciii.ijsKA ri-.n liAi.iAiiKX /iM-./*;/;,
^n
tliL'y li.ul just " foiiiul soiiicthiiiL; I " Ami
such is liuinau nature always, wlicn its noble
syni|)atliies are ar(jused lur the siifferiny or
distressed.
.\ltliiiUL;h the |)resi(lent iil" the ()tta\va and
I'resrotl Railroad (Rolurl ISell, l^si[.), \oliin-
teered to send us on by a special enj^ine that
night, we thought it best (inasniiich as our
friends had been informed of our safety), to
stay at ( )lta\va until morning. It did seem as
thoui.'!) the generous pecjple (jf that city ct)uld
not do enough for us, and their kind attcn-
hibit unnii>takable evidence of the deep in-
terest felt in our fate. At Watertown, which
had been my home from boyhood, the enthu-
siasm had rea( hetl fever heat, and the whole
town was out to greet the returning .eronaiils.
'I'hey had out the okl e.umon on the Public
Square, and it beli lied forth the loudest kind
of a welcome. .My familv had, of course, suf-
fered deeply by my alisence. I'lverybody had
given us up for dead, except my wife. J felt
very chea]) about the whole thing, and was
(luite certain that 1 had done a very foolish
11AV IN 1,\ KCI ISI.AMl, CANADIAN l|l\NMI..
tion and disinterested enthusiasm will never act. Not so the ]ieopIe — they thought it a
be forgotten. big thing to have gone through with so much,
Well, the next morning wc left Ottawa, and and yet come out ali\e.
were (piickly carried to l'rcs<()tt; thence
across the St. I,awrenc;e river to Ogdensburg. Several general conclusions and remarks
Here a repetition of the same friendly greet- shall terminate this narrative, already too
ings took place; and at last, after a hearty long. "Why did you permit yourselves to go
dinner, we 'eft for home, now distant only so far?" will naturally l)e asked. To this
seventv-five miles by rail. All along the line inquiry I reply : that the wind "•.is excced-
of the road wc found enthusiastic crowds ingly light when we ascended; that ve were
awaiting our coming, and all seemed to ex- very soon among the clouds, and conseipiently
I, "4
A S(>rr/:.\7A' or the st. i.awresci-: i<ivi:r.
unable to take cogni/.iiK c of our (oursc, or to
judge lunv fast wc were travelling. It should
be distin( tly understood that when you are
sailing in a balloon, you are unconscious of
nioti(jn and progress, unless you can see the
earth, liven when you first leave the earth,
you seem it) be stationary, while the earth ap-
pears to drop aw.iy from you. Nor (an you,
when out of sight of the earth, although \ou
may ha\e a compass, judge of the direction
you are travelling, if travelling at all. In a
few words, unless you CiJii sir the (\irl/i, xi'ii
iiuinot liil how fast nor in what tliiCition yoit
arc Iriirt'/lin};. This, perha[)s, better than
anything else will explain why we unc(m-
sciously drifted off to latitudes so remote.
When we arose above the thick mass of clouds,
before sundown, we und(nd)tedly striuk a
rajiid current that carried us north-east, and
after we had travelled in this ( urrent about an
hour, we probably struck anotncr rurreni,
from the variation of our altitude, which bore
us off to the north-west, for the jjlace where
we landed is about thirty miles west of due
north from where we ascended.
When we first desended near the earth, and
saw lights and heard dogs barking, wc should
ha\e landctl. liul we were unwilling to land
at night in a dee]i wood, even though we knev,-
that inhabitants were near by, and we thought
it best to pick out a better place. This was
our error ; and it came near being a fatal one
to us — it was certainly so to the balloon.
In trying to lind our "better place" to land,
we were up longer than we supposed, and as
We were travelling in a current that bore us
off to the northward at the rate of loo miles
an lu)ur, we soon re.uhcd a --(jinl beyond the
conlincs of civilization.
THE AWAKENING OF HENRY BACKUS.
;.!
.\ RDM ANCK (II 1111 r.AM.OON JOUKNKV ol II AIHXK K ANU I A MiUTN'TAlX.
IX the jireceding account of the balloon voy-
age made by I.aMounlain and Haddock
into the Hos-ke-tong wilderness of t'anada in
September, iS5(;, allusion was made by the
writer to one Henry Backus. The early his-
tory of this man and the peculiar manner in
which he was restored to civilized society and
to his mother, from whom he had foolishly
sejjarated himself twenty years before, forms
a story which would l)e called a " romance "
were it not founded u[)on actual facts.
I.aMountain and myself made our balloon
ascension iVom Waterlown, N. V., and were
carried by a swift northerly current far beyond
the bounds of civilization, landing in that im-
mense forest in t'anada, whi( h is larger than
the great States of New York, Pennsylvania
and Ohio combined, and limited on the north
or.ly by Labrador and the .\rctic circle.
Having been rescued from starvation and
probable death by the brave Cameron and Iiis
Indian guides, whom we providentially en-
countered, we had reached, on our way "out
of the wilderness," that fronii(.'r post of the
Hudson Day C'ompany, known as Desert,
where we were detained by inability to jiro-
cure Indians for the further prosecution of
our j(jurney, because one of Cameron's In-
dians, who lived at Desert had circulated a
story among his associates thai we had ( oine
into that wilderness in a "thing de\il," whi( h
had fallen from the sky. N.ilurally sii[iersti-
tious and densely ignorant, these boatmen
readily concluded that we were really children
of the Devil himself, anil undesirable pe(i])le
to work for, even if well ])ai(l. We were very
imiiatient at the detention, and Cameron, who
could take us no farther towards Ottawa, ad-
vised us to consult one Henry Uackus, the
local trader, who might be able to hel]) us, for
he sold '■ lire-water " to the Indians and had
great influence with them. To liackus' little
store, then, we went, and found him some-
what hard to approach, as if he were suspi-
cious of any attempt at intimacy; but when
we told him our trouble and urgently solicited
THE AWAKEMXC, Ol- IIEXRV E.ICATS.
'75
his gnotl offices, lie .ii)i)e:ire(l anxious and will-
ing to aid us. FIc struck nir as heinj; too in-
Ifiligcnt and well educated for the position he
was filling, as a small trader in so remote a
l)laee, but we were too much concerned with
our own phms for reaching civilization to
scrutinize him very closely. He knew just
how to deal with the ignorant river men, anil
soon had a crew selected who promised to de-
part with us at early daybreak, so that we
might reach Aiexis-le-I!eau before nightfall.
Tlu promise was redeemed, and in the morn-
ing we departed, and Backus saw us no more,
hut from (jne of us he was yet to hear.
Who was Henry liaikus.' To answer this
in([uiry I must take the re.ider back more than
fifty years, to i.Sj7, when there lived in
Western Massachusetts a family named Han-
cock, consisting of the jjarents and two
daughters, sixteen .ind eighteen years of age,
the elder named Mabel, the ycjungest Harriet.
It is with Mabel we have more ])articularly to
deal. She was above the average in beauty
of person, bright and engaging, and, like
most of her sex, well aware of her good
l)oints, and not by any means unmindful of
the admiration she elicited from the young
men of her neighborhood. As a result, she
was often invited to the merry-makings of
that section, accompanied sometimes by one,
sometimes by another young gentleman — but
for a long time she gave none of her admirers
any s])ecial i)reference. In her twentieth year,
when the heart is said to be the most suscep-
tible, she had two aihuirers who had tlis-
tanced her hitherto numerous gallants, and
whenever she went to church or to the country
])arties, one or the other of these was always
her attendant. Henry iiackus, one of these
young men, was rather a silent and reserved,
but really handsome young man of twentv-
two, well-educated in the country schools,
active and enterprising, the comfort of his
mother, who was a widow and the owner of a
good farm, left her by her husband. Henry
was somewhat in a[ipearance like an Indian,
tall and dark-skinned, and there was a tradi-
tion that the Backus family, a hundred years
befori', had been crossed by Narraganset
blood.
Be that as it m.iy, Henry was observant but
silent, seldom gay and never frivolous, but he
was [lopular among his companions, who gave
him their full confidence, for the\ knew he
meant all he said, and that his word was as
good as most other men's bond. Hiscom-
petitor in Mabel's good graces was e(iually
regarded, but in a different way. Wittv,
agreeable, full of vivacity and animal spirits,
James Atwell was the life of every social gath-
ering, greatly admired by the girls, and wel-
come in every circle. Although a year older
than Henry Backus, he had not yet settled
down to any serious pursuit, which, in his
case, was thought to be a necessity, as his
father had ne\er accumulated more than a
mere subsistence. James had twice left home,
and had spent a whole year in a dry g(jods
store at Worcester, Mass., but he had given
up that business as too confining. He liad
also taught the district school one winter, but
was thought deficient in discipline, and was
not asked to teach a second time. While
nothing could be said against him, the older
people rated him much below Iiackus in pnjs-
pective usefulness and position. The girls
considered him as "just too nice for anv-
thing," but thought, and some of them said,
that Henry ISackus was "an old cross-patch."
They unanimously predicted that James At-
well would have a "walk-over" in the contest
for supremacy in Mabel's affections. But this
prediction did not have any speedy fulfilment,
as both the voung men were etpially well re-
ceived at the Hancock mansion, and so a
whole year wore away without any material
eiange in the relation of these young |ieo|ile
to one another, but close observers saw that
Backus was wonderfully smitten with Mabel, a
fact which he did not try to conceal. Vet it
gave his mother considerable concern, for she
well knew the intensity of his nature, and how
restless he became under even slight disap-
pointments.
A change, however, was soon to come.
While returning from a d.iiK ing jiarty in the
winter of 1S38, Henry proposed, and was at
;i
i
^
./ S(U'r/-:.\7A' OF THE ST. LAU'REWE RIVER.
k-.isl |i II Il.illy .11 ( i.|iU'(l liy M.iln'l :lh hcT lilluic
Iui.ImiiiI. At lur ri-i|iirst tlu' iiarlial agrcc-
iiunt was ti) l)c kcjil a st'cTcl, iiiiuli against
Ilfiiry'^ wisli, but he lowd tlic girl too iniu li
Id (li iiy licr anylliing. While this uiulLTstaiul-
ing V as bciii}; laitht'iilly oIisitnciI bftwccn
ihc'in, invitations came for tlic grand winter
wind tiji dancing iiarly, to he lield ..t the
( oiintN' town, and Henry was duly acie|iled as
Mabel's escort thither. When the evening of
the jjartv drew on, he started in his sleigh for
his companion, but the sno.. was dei'ii, and m
trying to turn out for a loaded team his cutter
was upset, himself thrown out. ami the horse
ran away. It took fully two hours to re( over
ll;e horse and reach tlie Hancock mansion,
and then only to find that Mabel iiad l)ecoiiie
tired of tlie delay, and. in a moment ot pi' pie,
had accepted James Atwell's proffered escort
and gone to the dance with him. r.a<'kus was
thunderstruck, and finally Imrst into a passion
of tears, due as iinich, probabl)', to the excite-
ment he had just passeil througii, as to the
uncNpected deiiarture of Mabel witli his ri\al.
His jealousy was terriljly aroused, av\A he at
once reached the conclusion that his delay had
been gladly taken advantage of by her in
order to accept the company of one whom
she k)ved more than himself. He did not go
to tlie (huice, nor would he make niiu h reply
to Mrs. Hancock's trembling elYorts to jiut
Mable's action in a favorable light, but went
straight home and made such e.\])lanations as
he could to his tearful niotlier. Talk as she
might, she could not move him from a sullen
fit of ilepression, which the night did not wear
away, and in the morning lie harnessed his
horse and. drove away, with a determination to
have a final uiulerstauding with Mabel. He
demanded that their betrothmenl should be
made imblic, and be sanctioned by her jiarents.
'I'iial young lady bore herself during the inter-
view with considerable inde|ienilen( e, de( hir-
ing herself as satisfied witii wli.it she had done,
and captiously de< lined to ask her parents to
ratify their engagement, which she dei lareil
was not considered as final, but rather as a
matter subject to further contingencies, in all of
which she developed a feminine spirit of conten-
tion so cluiracterislic of that sex. .\tler much
talk and e.vpo-.tulalion they p.irted mi .Niger,
utterly cstr.mged — slie most likely belii'vicg
that it would result in a lover's re((>nt:ilialioii,
.111(1 never iheaniing that she would not soon
see Henry Backus again. Hut with him the
case was closed. He felt that he had loied
and lost, and that, in the eyes of his ac(|uaint-
ances, he had been made a tool of by a liei.rt-
less woman. His fine sleigh was not used
again th.it winter. The social parlies misled
him, and as the trouble between the lovers
gradually came out (but though never a word
from him), the country ])eople to(jk two sides
in discussing the matter, nearly all the women
upholding Henry; a"'l the men, more g.iDant,
taking the part oi ..i^abel. "' M, she, t(Jo, went
no more abroad, refusing even to see James
.\tweil, though he both called and w'ote.
Doubtless, like many ancjther, she felt a secret
desire to rejiossess what she had recklessly
thrown aw.iy, and felt loo'proud to iiiake any
effort towards a reconciliation.
Try as he would, young iiackus failed to
t.ike his former interest in life. His mother's
tearful face would at times force him to active
exertion on their farm, but it was pl.iin to be
seen that his spirit was broken, and ih.it a
sullen despondency h.id taken possession of
his mind. Having struggled along through
the summer's work and the harvesting, he
besought his mother to let him hire a steady
young man to do the farm work, and then be
allowetl to go away for a while. His mother,
thinking a change of scene would help her
son, reluctantly gave her consent, and late in
November, Henry left his home to be< onie a
wanderer. I5ut travel as long and as f.ir as
he could, he found it impossible to get rid of
himself. His burden would not be cast off.
For a month he remained at .Mbany, and then
went north to Watertown, I'resi ott and
Ogdensburg, N. Y., and finally to Ottawa, in
(Canada. The Indian strain of blood, whii h
it was said he had inherited, i)egan definitely
to assert itself, more vigorously, ])erliaps, at
the sight of the adjacent forests, and he re-
solved to leave civilization behind him and
forget, that busy world where he had l)een
y •// /■ ./((■./ k/:\/NG OF ni:\R i • /iacki -.v.
177
so sadly deceived, and witli wliicli he now
had so little alliliation.
Those whu have visited (Hlawa will remem-
ber the lieiise f(jresl uhii h environs that.
ilelinhti'ul eily heyund the ra|iid river towartis
the north. Within a lew miles of this t!ana-
dian capital you can reatlily lose yourself in
the dense growth of trees ; anil into this then
almost unbroken wilderness Henry iJackus
launched himself, fully resolved never aj^ain
to live among civili/ed men. I'arther and
farther he journeyed, iintd the stage route
dwindled to mere " buckboard "' trasel, then
to solitary paths marked by bla/ed trees, until
.Mexisde-Heau, upon the L'piier Gatineau, was
reached, and then up that rapid stream he
pressed a himdred miles to Desert, which was
a mere fringe of clearing in that almost un-
broken primeval forest, 'i'here llackus passed
the late spring ami summer. (Irailually the
need of euiplojinenl for his mind and strength
asserted itself, and he built a small log cabin
v.ith slf)re-room in front, and began to trade
with the Indians for their furs. When winter
came on he maile a journey out from the
woods to Ottawa, where he jjcrfected an ar-
rangement for the annual sale of his jieltry
and for a regular consignment to him of such
goods as his trade at Desert demanded. He
was gone a month, and on his return look uj)
his daily life as before, a solitary, inde|)end-
cnt, silent man. I leave the imagination of
the reader to depict his feelings, his yearn-
ings for his mother, his moments of frantic
love for Mabel Hancock, his resolve to break
the s|)ell that was upon him and return to his
old home and frieiuls, and for the reader to
comprehend the tieplh of a nature that c:ould
eiulure in silence a tlisa|ipointment so bitter.
I'or a loi\g time Mrs. Ikickus expei led to
see Henry walk into the house almost any
day. She managed her farm much better
than she had expected, sa\ing something
every year. .After five years had passed, she
lost faith in Henry's return, and almost gave
him UJ) as dead. She fell sick, and was in
l)ed for a long time ; then it was that Mabel
Hancock developed tiic good that was in her.
Ilimibly she went to the sick woman's bed-
side, ionfes,-,ed lur undying love for Henry,
took ,dl the 1)1. ime upon herself bir hi-, de-
parture and hing absciue, and volunteered to
nurse .\Ir^. llacku-, ihniugh her --ii kne». At
lirst she was not at all drawn touariK the girl,
but her remorse and self-( ondenmation so
plainly .ilte^led her sincerity that she was per-
mitted to rem.iin. Shesnon bec.ime a iierma-
nenl fixture .a Henry's old home, and so won
the mother's hrarl that the) never sep.irateil.
Jointly they m.maged the farm, and became
so knit together by nuitu.d regard th.it
strangers looked upon them as motlur and
daughter. |, lines Atwell \\m\ married Har-
riet and they had moved away, bill .Mabel did
not attenil her sister's wedding. Woman-
like, she cast upon .\luell iiKi^l of the blame
for the imforluiiate sep.ir.uicjn t'rom her lover,
wluai, in f.ict, she was the one mainly at
tault, ihniigh there were tlujse whu thought
Henry ISickiis himself not without gra\e
responsibility for the turn alf.iirs IkuI taken.
.■\nd >o the years wore on until M.ibel was
ne.irly 40 years (jf age — comely in ligure, but
with a sad lace, seldom lit by a ^mile. Her
const. int [iiayer was that she iiiighl be ,ible
to pay back to Henry's mother thai fealty
and support which had been lost when .111 un-
wise and needless ([uarrel h.iel tlriven away
her son.
The coming of ilu balloon men m.ule an
abiding impression upon llackus. He felt .1
return of that longing for home which he
thought he had entirely concpiered. He even
found himself full of self-ai cusatif)n, be<:aus.-
he had not volunteered to personallv a< com-
pany them to Ottawa, for from there he could
have telegraphed or written to his mother.
He found it difficult to put aside the inlluence
these two eager, pushing men had exerted
upon him. They were resolutely bent upon
returning to that civilization he h.ul been so
willing to leave, and he began to feel a con-
viction that they were right in their course
and that he had been wrong in his. I'or three
weeks this struggle went on in his heart until
he began to realize the selfishnes-, and folly of
his I'ourse. He fell like loathiuLr his sur-
178
w sof\ir-//< o/' rill-: s/: i..iirh'i:.\n av/'aa-.
iouihIiiil;-' .w u hulls uiuvoi lliv uiu' \\\\n 1 1. id in
his yoiiiii given mu Ii .iinplc promise i»f usclul-
iicss anil lionor. Hard as was tin.' ^tnii^j;!!',
however, and nun h :is he fell the value ol
what he iiad tixi nilhiessly cast away •o yijrs
before, it nii^ht have l)een doubtful what
rourse he wonltl ultimately li.ive t.iken had
not I'rosidence unmistakablv wanieil hiui that
he was trilling; with his own lust interests, to
say nothinn of his disrej;iril ol filial dutv.
About the iniddle of ()( lober, 1X59, a jiaity
of river men, on their \va\ up from AUxis-le-
lieau, the nearest |iostoftire, brouj^ht him a
letter, whii h may have read as follows :
A I I hiMl;, ( kloli'r 10, i8|;ij.
Mv l)r,\K SiiN, if iiiilird ymi ;ire my sun : I iiaii
I.!--! wicU In tin- S|irliiKrHKI lufiibliiiiii .111 .iccoiuit of
llic .nlvt'iitiiri's (if ihf IciM 1j;i1I()oii nun, who ),mvc
euilit to oiiu Henry H.ii,kns, a trailer at Deceit, on
lliL (i.itinc.in river, 111 Canada, for liavini; aiilctl tliuin
in tlicii I'llbrls 10 return to llicir liunics. My lieart
proinptcil iiK- to write to Mr. Ilaildoik, at Watii-
lowii, N. v., foi a <leS(ri|)tioii of tliis iknry Hatkii--,
and Mt. II. iniinudi.iltly answered my letter. .M.ik-
inn fall allowance foi tli'- diaiiues -.'o \eais may li.ive
made. I feel ijiiile hopeful tli.u you are my lon^ lo>t
.mil deeplv mourned son. If so, do not delay an
hour, but come lionie before it is too late to see yinii
poor mother, now past her 6ijtli year, but whose
pi.iyei has ever been foi her absent son.
.Mabel ll.uicock has lived willi ine for tlie |)ast l.s
years. She is my stay and nrealesl eomfoit. and she
desiies me to enclose a wcnd from her. for we are
more and more convinced tli.it >ou aie my lost son.
Mv heart is loo full to write moie. but if you aie my
soil h.isten to my arms, foi a fresh disappoiniiiuiit
01 lonn delay may prove too much for my poor
strength. .Mlectionately, yoiii mother,
R\i 1111. Hackis.
The note enclosed was from Mabel; it read:
l)i;\i;i;si Fkiknu — If you are that Henry Mackiis
to whom I was once betrothed in marriage, I feel
that I owe niiicli in the w.iy of apology for the ircat-
iiieiil you received at my liamls when 1 was a young
and inex|)erienced fjirl. My past life I oiler as an
evidence of my feelings towards you then and now ;
vet that life for many years has been a liuiden,
which I could only have borne for your dear
mother's sake. If you are the lost one you cannot
be loo iiuick in hasteiiinn to your true honu', for
your mother is not lout? for this world.
Your attached friend,
M.Mll I H.SNifii K.
U l>ai;kus had beni i.irdv in (,iir\Mi,L; nut
the plans which ihr (iniiiiiunl the lost balloon
men appeared to prompt, he w.is on fire now
with imp.itienie, aiul (ouiiteil every iioiii .is
lost that kept him Irom the telegraph. I'lat-
inj; a trusted 1 leik in eharj^e of his business,
he parked up his imp(Mlant papers, and, on
the uiorniiv^ (d' the louitli d.iy, w.is in ( )tl,iwa.
seiuiiiii; a mess.i^e to liist.iiit lierkshire that
he was indeed the lost son, who had come to
hiiiisell and would sikiii be there.
Having; thus I'.ir de.ill in f.u ts, 1 will invite
the re.uler himself to imai;ine that meeting,
when li.ii kiis found under tile same roof his
beloved mother and th.il .M.ibel Hani oi k who
was theiitetorth to rei^n as the undisputed
idol of his heart. The natural inelination ol
a newspa|)er idilor to fiillow out any imideiil
of more th,m passiiv,; interest with whit h In-
had beeome interested, impelletl me to make
iiiipiiry of liackus' subsecpieiit cireer, as well
as of all th.it mi^hl shed any li.nlit u])i)n his
histiiry before we met him at hesert. ()ii the
ist of January fuUowinj^ his return, he .mil
.M.ibel iianiock were married, .md the whole
nei.uhboihociil shared in the merry-making.
lie soon sold his possession at l)esert, and
settled down in a pi osperiius e.ireer, beiotninj^
a le.iilinj; eili/en of his native (oiinty. liini-
self and wife were noted lor their hospitalitv
and open-haiKled iharity, and it w,is especi-
ally remarked that they were exceedingly
lenient in their treatment of anyone who li.id
lapsed from duty or against whom society
held its doors askance. The imor and the
out< ast found ready sympathy with then), and
IK) hungry wayfarer was ever sent away i:n-
lilled.
The casual reader may not be nnich iu)-
pressed with the extraordinary n)eans through
which Henry Backus c ame to be fuU " awak-
ened " to his true condition, but those who
take a broader view of these inciilents can,
l)erl)aps, discover in theni the workings of that
Supreme ( )mniscience which notes even the
fall of a sparrow.
^
1
THE WAR OF 1755.
WITH AN ALLUSION TO THE "LOST CHANNEL."
^^Ill'; most foniiidahk' milit.uy display
I whitli L'Vfi swept uvcr tliu waters (jf tlir
St. l.awrciKf, was tliat ol 1760, (iMnmaiKicd
!)>■ (l(.n. JcHrc) Lord Amluisi. It consisted,
ad-oiiliiij^ to Knox, of the isi and 2d l.attal-
ions of the Royal I Iit^hlanders, the 44th,
t''tii, and .55tl' ic^^inients of the line, the 4th
battalion of tlie 6otli, eight coniijanies of the
77tli, live (:oin|)anies of the Soth, 579 (Jren-
adiers, 597 Linht Infantry, three liattalions of
the New York re-inient, four l.attalions of the
Connecticut regiment, a regiment from New
jersey, 146 Rangers, 157 „f ih^ Royal Artil-
lery, and ;i force of Indians nnder .Sir Wil-
liam Johnson, the whole anionnting to an
ctfective force of 10,142 men. The trans-
portation f<jr this army, consisted of two
armed vessels, the Onondaga and the Mo-
hawk; the first, under the iimnediate com-
mand of Capt. John I.oring, who was also
admiral of the lleet, was armed with fonr
nine-pounders, and fourteen sixes, with a
crew of 100 men. The second carried sixteen
sixes, and a crew of ninety men; and in adili-
tion to these, there were seventy-two whale-
boats, and 177 hatteaux. Several of the
whaleboats were armed with a gun each, and
some of the batteaux carried howitzers. lie-
sides these, there were staff, hospital and
sutler's boats, the whole to (piote from a
writer of that time, who was an eyewitness,
"making a most imposing array."
The primary ol)ject of the expedition, was
the capture of Montreal, it being one of three
set on foot for that ])urpose; but its innne-
diatc destination was Fort Levis, a strong
French fortification the ruins of which are yet
to be seen, on what is now called "Chimney
Island," in the St. Lawrence river, a (ew
miles below Ogdensburg, whic h was known to
the French as " j.a I'lesentalion. " .At thai
time. Fort Levis, was the only French strong-
hold above Montreal, and its reduction was a
imlitary necessity. The lorl, .iccording to the
historian Mante, was begun early in 1759, by
Chevalier de Levis, who w.is afterward a .Mar-
shal of France, and c cmpleted by Captain
i'ouchot, by whom it w.is so ably defended.
This olli, er arrived .it the fort in March, and
proceeded to put it in as complete a ccuidition
lor defense a:: was po.ssible with the means .it
hand. On taking command, he found it gar-
risoned by 150 militia, six Can.idian oflic.rs,
some colonial < adets, and M'liertrand an offi-
cer of artillery. .\ reinforcement of ,00 men
was sent him from below, but of these, twenty
soon deserted, carrying away with them the
batteaux belonging to the fort. One of these
deserters was a lad named I'ierre Rigand. .\
few days later his father brought him back,
feeling deeply the disgrace conse.pienl upon
having a son who was a deserter.
It would be a pleasure to find that Capt.
I'ouchot's Memoirs, in which this incident is
related, has been able to add that the young
man fought bravely, wiped out the disgraie of
desertion and returned to the arms of his
father, who not only forgave him but received
liim with open arms anil affectionate pritle;
l)Ut they do not. They only state that: " In
the battle which followed, I'ierre Rigand was
killed."
.\s it is no part of our intention to enter
into a minute descrij-tion of the investment
li;
:! ' 1
I So
// S(ir\'/\/A' (>/■ iiii: SI. i.AWKiSii-: i<i\I:R.
m 1
|!! I
I i
anil I ,i|iluii' ol till' lull, wc -ill. ill I iiiilfiit iiiir-
Sclvt-l wilil ,1 (K'M li|lllclM 1)1 lllC lX|ll'(litil)ll .is
rcl.iiid l>\ its historian, in its progiiss down
till.' St. I.awriMit'c liviT. On llic jtli ot Au^iinI,
1760, ('ai)l. I.niini; with histwo \ l'sslIs sailed
troni ( )s\vc(^o lor (iri-ii.idicr Island, at thi'loot
1)1 l.akc ()nt.irio. rollowin;; in lio.its wire
the Royal I lighl.iiiders ,niil ( Iren.iditTs, coni-
ni.nuled li\ l.ieiil. Col. M.issey; the lij^lit in-
lantr\ mulcr l.ieiit. I'ol. .\inlR'r>l, with two
companies of Kan^ers, the whole under the
eominand ot' Colonel 1 1. ildiiuand, who after-
ward siKceeded Sir (iu\ Carleton, as Co\er-
nor-( ieiierai ant! Coniniaiider in-Ch^et in
Canada, t )n the lotli. den. Aniiierst hinisell
(■ml). irked with the remainder ol the troops,
lieinn joined the next day liy tlen. Cage with
the l'r(j\ incial troops, among which w.is a
Connecticut regiment under the command of
l,ieiit.-ta)l., afterward lirigadier-Cien. Israel
I'lilnam. (^n the ijth of August, 1760, the
whole army was eiK amjied on Cireiiadier
Islanti, and their boats safely moored in liasin
Harbor.
l>y noon of the i4tli, everything was in
re.uliness to move, and the troitps were orderctl
to get their dinners and then embark at once.
At two o'clock they were sweeping down the
suutli channel of the St. I.awreme in two
lines of boats which reached almost from
shore to shore. It was an inspiring sight.
The long lines of boats, decorated with llags
and streamers and guidons, the rowers keep-
ing time with their oars to the music of the
military bands, relieved at times by the bugles
of the Crenadiers and the pipes of the Scotch
Highlanders, while the two vessels, the Onon-
daga and Mohawk, led the advance.
Hut the French were not asleep. I'"or some
time a sipiad of soldiers, under the command
of a lieutenant, had been stationed on Isle aux
Chevreuils, now Carlton Island, from the
high grounds of whicii a splendid view of the
lake is to be had, as a corps of observation.
With this squad was a small body of Indian
scouts, one or two of whom, in swift canoes,
were detached at intervals to the fort below
to warn its commander of the approach of the
English army. Waiting until the entire lleet
h.id ellleied the iivcr, so tli.il iheic w.is no
longer .iiiv doiilil .is to ils destin.ition, the
lieiiten.mt ..nd his nun went on bo.ird ,1
b, lite, 111, .111(1 rowed .iw iv down the river. It
w.is iliis b.iitiMii wliii li ii'd C.ipt. I.oriiig of
the ( >noiuLig.i into trouble. Hut we w ill let
an esli.H t from the joiirn.il, ke|)t by the gal-
l.iiit c.ipiaiii, tell the l.ile:
'.Aim. I-Hll. '{"Ilis .llllinnnll llic Clllllc Hill set
s.iil, iinJ ,il lline nf ihi- ilork iv.is well williiii the
siiiitli rliannil of ilir M. l..i\viiMi (■ tivir. mar the
isl.iiiil called, by llie flriiili, Isle aii.\ ( 'llcvmiil, aid
liv us UiK k Islam!, fioni iIk foul of wliiili the look-
niii ,11 iliL' iiiiisilic.iil (liscoveiol a halleau loailcii
Willi licmli sokliris |iiii oil', ivlii'ii I knew al once
lli.it llic ( iieiiiy li.ul kiiowleilne of llie c.xiniJitloii,
ami tlioiiuli till' wiiul was linlil, I signalled the Mo-
ll, nvk ami H.ive cliasc, liopiii^i to ^et llie hatleau
within i.iii;jc of mv how yiins. hill wliicli I f,iilcil to
ilo. The ( )n(jmla>;,i was now nearly a league ahead
of llic Mohawk, and ihc llotilla w.is yet another
league in the ir.ii. the i utile lleit hiing fully eight
le.igues from where it sil sail. .At a |Miiiii wheie
three hills |iiojert into llie river, the li.itteail veered
away and ran down through a long narrow channel
hetweun what seemed lo lie .1 lar e island and some
sm.iller ones, and out into a large hay, heyond which
siretc heil another hroad ihannel, e.isily seen fioiu
the niastliead. Having sounded ,iml found dee|)
water, 1 deeided lo follow; hul owing lo light winds
our [irogress W.IS slow, iliough in uiiining through
the n. 11 low eh.innel we gained soiuewhal on the hat-
leau, which we soon lost sight of among the isl.imls
in the norlli channel, wlii< h are veiy luimeroiis, with
n.iriow swifl channels in every direction hctween
llieni, very dillicult to sail among unless favored
with a strong hrecze, wliich, unfortiinati ly for us,
was now very light, and to add lo (jur diiriculties,
night was at h'lid. Had we not lieen able lo ilis
tingiiish the islands from the lookout al the niast-
liead, we might liavi ihought that the main land lay
ahead of us, hut willi what we could see from that
point, and finding iliat the eurrcnt set strongly in
tli.it direction, and knowing from some pievious
experience among the islands above that llii' chan
nels between the islands were likely to he deep. I
determined lo hold on to our course, not doubting
that we should run safely through the archipelago,
if it be proper to so call a cluster of islands that are
not in the sea. So the Fates would have it, how-
ever, we were no sooner fairly within what seemed
to be the largest (liannel than the vessel was attacked
on every side from the summits of the islands, which
Were covered with trees and thickets, and our dei k
was f.iiily swept with arrows and muskelry, while at
the same time we seemed about to strike " bows on'
i
%
!
Till: WAH lU /r,,-.
l8l
#
Id ,1 imripicc (lin'( il\ .ilic.iil. I iiiinifcli.iuly unlfinl
<'ii\sw.ijii Tciiy .iiiil his . ii'w 111 l(j«'ii away one uf
llir ■iii.irliT Ijiials, Willi a iiicssa(.,- i<) llic Mi.liavvk lu
luirih.Trk in ilir ijihcr clianiul. and ilicii •.ciii ilic
111(11 III ilii: yiiiis i|iiiL'IJy, ilrlviiiK lilt' ciH'iiiy from
llw >iiiiimj|s i)f ihf island; and jiiin ilicir laiiois,
will 11 ilii\- soon L'sra|)id Inlii ihc nimicrijiis rli inni'ls
III! lillici hand.
Oiiji linn annlh.T hi):il hnvcird, a snilalil,' i hannci
was siiiiii found, ihionuh wliicli wu passed safely,
and anchored ahoiii a leaniie lalow the ihirkisi of
llio Ki'>ii|i of islands, and wailed for Coxswain Teirv
and his crew lo relimi. After some lime, I oidered
i:nsiun Xaiiy lo lalie ilie cnller and search for the
coxswain and his crew. After some hours laisiyn
Uaiiv reuirned, ile had h.en hewildered amon«
Ihe iiunierous channels, not heinu alile lo fvcn dis-
liiiKiii-ih the (haiinels ihroiiHh which the vessel had
come, nor ihe one l.y which she eiileied ihe uioiip
of islands, nor had he discovered ihe first boat
h>wercd. r.nsiKii Harry called it "TIk' Kivci of the
l.osi Cliannel." and in that way was it ever after
s|K)l;en of amoiiir ihe men. Thinkinmhal Coxswain
IVrryand his crew liad boarded Ihe Mohawk, and
that they would return lo iis when we joined ihc
Ihet, I determined to sail as soon as the wind
freshened,
"Aiit,'. 15th. .Ml this day there was a strong head
wind, and after sonndiiiir and lindinjf shallow water
in several places, I did not think it best to lack for
feai of rnnninjr ajiroiind."
■'AiiK. tilth. 'Ihe lookout discovered a vessel this
mornint; at a distance of about four leagues coininu
lip the river, but we could not make her out. I'le-
sumiiiK ihal it was a French vessel, as we knew thai
Ihiy had an armed Inij,' below, we jfot springs on our
cables in order to veer if attacked, Inil she did not
come nearer lo 11s than three IcaL'ues."
'•A"K. iTlh Wind siill contrary. There has been
heavy cannonading down the river to-day about
foui le.inuis dislanl bill hid from us by islands It
c.iiiiiol be at 111! rieiich I'orl, which c.iniioi be less
than lifieen h'agues dist.ini."
•AuH. iSih (ioi iindiM weigh this allernoon, and
will soon be with the .iiiin ."
"Aug. ii)ili Reached the army lo.da>, .mil re-
potted to (.111, Audi. rsi. Coxsw.iin Tetry and his
I lew .ue iindoubiedly lost, as they did not board the
.Moh.iwk. but started to return lo the OnondaRa.
The tiling on the d.iy befnie yesterday, was the
.mack on Ihe Trench brig bv our armed gallies under
Ihe ( oinui.ind of Col. Williamson, who capunt'd her
after .1 severe engaginient Listing four hours. It
was a most irallam all.iii. The brig has been named
tin Williamson, after iheRallanl colonel. The fort is
|o be invested to-morrow."
In spuakinjr of this vuiy affair the iiistorian
.M intr sa\s:
"All this while, one of the enemy's vessels kept
hoM ling about the army, and as Captain Luring had
not \, I gill inii, the riylii channel, it became necessary
for the safely of the army, eilhi 1 lo compel this
vessel lo retire or to take her. The general was
therefore obliged loonier Colonel Williamson with
the row gallies well manned, to do one or the other."
'I'licn follows an accoiml of tlic baltle and
of thu ill hick wliicli seemed to have followed
Captain I.oriiij; diiriiij,^ the attack on the fori,
at whieli lime his vessel ran .igroimd and was
very nearly taken i)ossession of by the enemy,
lint as any further elescriiition of tiie capture
of I'oi-t Levis is not .germane to our history,
hecatise it took place beyond the limits of the
Thousand Islands, we brin^r tl^. article to a
close, haviim shown the reader that the name
"Lost Channel "is by no means a moik'rn
invention.
V
'$.
'\
rR:
A SOVVEMR OF THE ST. I.AWRES'CE RIVER.
THE CASTORLAND COLONY.
1\ rnr.\ ihi \ nhitcil lo llic St. Lawrence, lias .1 stop-coek in it, >\\c\\ ns you see in
though not liiiiinded li} its wry sliores, was kitelien wasli-sinks. In preM'iit llic t(jo great
C^astorl.nul. It is descrilied most j^rai>liically rush of llie lliiid — so iliai wlien a bucketful
ill " Haddock's lii^tory of Jefferson County," had been drawn tile cock could be turned so
|)p. 113 to ii>S. li i> nitensely inleresiing, as as lo lose no sap wlii'e the attendant was
showing; tiie futility of any plan wliic h takes emptying the bucket ' Those who know the
artisans and nice hanics from a lari;e cit}- and wav in which sap runs, a single droj) at a
plants them upon the soil of a primitive wil- lime, will find soiuethim; here to laugh over.
ri'^uiNn or- iuf. uf.ah or "riTrir. iU(kn aihi 1;.
\NAIllA\ I'll NNM'I,.
ileriiess, where ,1 kimuk-dge bulii cit wood- ilut it ^va^^ not a iiMlti.i ol Kiiighlei for these
craft and of husbandry is every day reipiired. ])oor jieople, whose sufferings, like those of
In the illustratio:i of their seal, shown on the United Knipire Loyalists (driven out of
another page, the reader will notice the this (ountry into (Canada, because they would
"Goddess of Agriculture" standing by a not ignore their oaths to King (leorge) were
majile trfe, from which sa|) is (lowing into a severe and in some (ases fatal. Hut we will let
Idu.kel. I'Kase to observe the faucet. It Major 1 1, iildock tell the story in ills own way.
CASTORLAND AND THE FRENCH SETTLEMENT THERE.
/^' » liic cxrelletit ,mii Ic hy Hi;n. Mr. In-
T j.;alls, upon the" Waturwa) s of JclTcrson
County" (sec jiagcs 9-12 of Haddock's Ilis-
toiy), \vc wish to add a few general remarks.
It is a |)ecuh'ar rliaracteristic, marking all the
rivers that How in and aromul Northern New
York, that, excepting only tlie Mohawk, all
of them llow from and through larger or
suK Her chains of lakes. 'I'he noMe St. Law-
rence itself, which forms the natural and in-
tensely picturesipie northwestern boundary of
Jefferson county, seems to be the vast proto-
type and pattern for all the others, as it Hows
from its own great continental system of
lakes. The Hudson, (lowing eastward like
the Mohawk, is fed by a system of forest
branches which spread over the entire moun-
tain belt of the Adirondack wilderness, the
head waters of some of its tributaries being
over 5,000 feet above the level of the sea.
liiii, however interesting it may be to follow
out this train of thought, our s|)acc constrains
as to (onfine our remarks to the streams which
llow into and through Jefferson ( oiinty, or re-
late to waterways touching that county.
Their inlluence upon the early settlements of
the northern wilderuL'ss of 1793. in drawin"
to the IJIack River country those in jMirsuit
of water power to driv(> factories, can never
be i)ri/ed too highly, nor too patic-ntly de-
scribed. These waters attracted to this local-
ity those whose minds were jjrofoundly stirred
l-.ythat intense activity which always ])recedes
great discoveries and great movements of
populations.
The Ulack River bounds the Great Wilder-
ness jilateau of I.aurentj'in rocks on the west,
and it:, valley bounds the Lesser W'ildnerness
on the east 'I'he principal (onlluenis that
enter the HIack River from the ( 'treat Wilder,
ness, are the Moose, Otter Creek, the Inde-
l)endence, and the Heaver.
The Moose River rises near the Racpiette
Lake In the center of the wilderness, and
winds through and forms the celebrated Ivght
Lakesof the T'lilton chain. The Moose passes
ill its course the hunting station known to all
freipienters of the woods as .Arnold's, or the
Old Forge, on Hrown's Tract. 'I'his secluded
spot has long been famous in forest story as
the scene of John ISrown's* fruitless attempt
at settlement, of the failure and tragic death
of his son-in-law Herreshoff. of the exploits
of the hunter Foster and his victim, the Indian
1 )rid, and of the life-long home of ( )lis .Arnold,
the hunter and guide.
'I'he Independence River rises near the
Eight Lakes of the i'ulton chain and runs
into Uhu k River in the town of Watson, Lewis
county, between the Moose River and the
IJeaver River. In its course, this river crosses
the tract of wild land known to land specu-
lators as Watson's West Triangle. The Inde-
jiende.MX' River w.is so named in honor of our
national holiday by Pierre I'haroux, the en-
gineer and surveyor of Castorland. Near the
south bank of the Independence, not far from
the old Watson house, is Chase's lake. This
lake has long been a favorite resort, and is one
of the most accessible in the Wilderness for
the invalid or jileasurc seeker. The l!eaver
River rises in the heart of the Wilderness to
the north of Rarjuette Lake, and running in its
course through .Smith's Lake, .Albany Lake, and
lieaver Lake, waters the territory of ancient
* Nnt iho Jdhn Brown, of Harpcr's-Fcrry fame,
"whose l)iiilv lies a iiioiililcriTijr jn ih,. ground, tiiil
wlio^c soul is marcliing on."
i84
./ S(->rr/:.\/A' or nil-: sr. i.a\vri:\ci-: river.
CaNtorlmid, tlu' ^cat of I'li'tirh iiinnrnro nii
tlic l!hi( k River. licavor I,:ike. ;in ixpansioii of
tills river at Nunilier I''oi:r, a famous siunnier
ivsort. is one of tlu' most iliarming hikes in
the wilderness.
Amoni; the proMematical places of the olilcn
times in Northern New \'ork. whose names
were once familar in I'.uropean eireles hut are
seldom lieard in modern story, no one was
once more famous than I, a l-'amine.
Two luindred years airo, i,a l''amine was a
well-known stojipinn-place upon the eahtern.
shore of Lake ()ntario for the weary himter
and the hold explorer, and the spot where
even armies encamped, and the amhassadors
of hostile nations met in soh.'mn cotincil.
of the I.essei Wilderness from the west was
the Salmon River. ( )n their way to the hunt-
ing; i^roimd thrciiiL;h Lake ( hitario, the western
Indi.ms landed at the mouth of this ri\er, and
their trail then led up its banks.
I, a I'aminc then was the ancient seajjort of
this f.nnous hunting ground of the Lesser
Wilderness, and was situatei) near what is
now the village of Mexico, Oswego < oiinty.
Hence we find on a map of New l'"r;.'nce, pub-
lished liy .NLarco \'incen/o ("oroneili, in 168.S,
tliis |ila( e put down at the mouth of what is
now known as the Salmon Ri\er, hut in his
ma|i it is called La I'amine Ri\er. It hears
the tollowing ins<ription: " J, a l'"amine, lieu
ou La plus jKirt des Irtxpiois iles banpiet pour
:f
ill
II^
1 «. \
MF.n.M. ISStMIl MV THF, CMAf^SNAIS FU ANIO- AMK.KIC.\ N l..\.\|i fOMP.VNV.
!l''.iii.ir>.'ol iiru' hull, Ironi iiii .iTium.il iii iMi^session nf Uil- Jolfcrsoii rmintv Historical Sociciv )
To-day il^ name can only he lound on the his- aller in traitte du Castor," wliich may be
toric page and in the old maps and musty translated thus: " La Famine, the jilace
records, while its locality is often a matter of where the greater part of the Irotpiois em-
controversy. The ancient Indian landing-place barked to go ii]ion the trail of the beaver."
and cam[iing-groiind known to the French as The Lesser \Vilderness of Northern New
La Famine, was situated on the shore of \'ork is situated upon the long narrow plateau
l'"amine Bay, now called Mexico liay. in the which stretches first westerly and then nt)rth-
southeast corner of Lake Ontario, at the eriy from the Upper Mohawk valley and the
mouth of La Famine River, now known as Oneida Lake almost to tlie village of Carthage.
The rocky ground-work of this ]ilateaii is
Salmon River
The Salmon Ri\er, the ancient FreiK h La
I'amine, rises in the ( entral part of the i)lat<?au
of the Lesser Wilderness in the southwest
corner of Lewis county, and runs westerly
through the northern part of ( )swego county
com])Osed of level strata of limestone and
slate, which rise in a series of terraces of a
mile or two in width from its borders into a
high level table land, which has an elevalioti
f nearlv 2,000 feet above the level of the sea.
into Lake Ontario. The Lesser Wilderness Upon the central part of this table land are
was one of the beavcr-luinting countries of situated the forests, swamps, marshes and
the Iroquois. The key to this hunting ground wild me.adows of tiie Lesser Wilderni.ss.
C.IS7VA'/.AXn. AXn the FREXCff SETT/.i:.\rF..\T THERE.
185
.1^
»'
Down tlic mure rci^ular terraces of its west-
ern slope, locally called 'l"ug Hill, the streams
which rise in the swamps of the Lesser Wil-
derness hurry in a series of falls and cascades
into the Hlack River, wearing deep chasms in
the yielding rocks along their courses. Among
these streams are the Deer River, the Silver-
mine, the Martin, the Whetstone and other
creeks.
This Lesser Wilderness was one of the most
famous hunting grounds of the Lulian. Its
woods were literally filled with game, and its
streams with fish. La Hontan says that there
were so many salmon in La Famine River that
they often brought up a hundred at one cast
of the net.
Castorl.vnd.
The summer tourist, on his way from Tren-
ton Falls to the Thousand Islands, may pass
through the beautiful and flourishing valley
of the Hlack River, over the Ulica and Black
River Railroad. As the train draws near to
the first station north of the village of Low-
ville, he will hear the sharp voice of the
brakeman crying oat " Cas-tor-land." He
will look out of the car window and see a
wide level clearing of pasture-land and
meadow, skirted by forests, one side of which
is bounded by the river. In the middle of
this clearing he will sec only the small station
house, and three or four scattered buildings
surrounding it, and will doubtless wonder
whence comes the high-sounding name for
such meagre surroundings.
The story of Castorland is the often re-
peated tale of frustrated settlements in the
old wilderness — the story of an attempt of the
exiled nobility and clergy of the old regime in
France to found a settlement in the wilds of
the New World, where they could find a
secure retreat from the horrors of the Revolu-
tion in the Old.
This attempt was made at the close of the
last century in the valley of the Black River,
on the western slope of the dreat Wilderness.
But, like the settlement of the first Catholics
on the Patuxent, the Jacobites with Flora Mc-
Donald at Cape FY-ar, the Huguenots with
Jean Ribault at Port Royal ; like New Anister-
dain on the Hudson, New Swetlen on the
Delaware ; like Acadie in Nova Scotia, — Cas-
torland on the Black River lives now only in
jjoetry and history. Its story is one of bril-
liant promises all unfulfilleil, of hojjes defer-
red, of man's tireless but fruitless endeavor,
of woman's tears.
To rescue this name so fraught with histor-
ical associations from oblivion, it was applied
to the railroad station which is nearest to the
site of the largest projected city of ancient
Castorland. That city was laid o>it on the
Beaver River, which flows into the I'.lack
River from the wilderness nearly opposite this
station.
For the purpose of effecting the settlement
of Castorland a company was formed in Paris,
under the laws of France, in the month of
August, 1792, and styled La Compagnie de
New York. On the 31st day of the same
month the company, by its agent, Pierre
Chassanis, bought a large tract of land lying
in the valley of the Black River, of William
Constable, who was the owner of Macomb's
Purchase. This tract lay along both sides of
the Black River below the High Falls, and ex-
tended westerly through the counties of Lewis
and Jefferson to Lake Ontario, and easterly
into the heart of the Oreat Wilderness. The
Castorland purchase at first comprised the
whole of great lot No. 5 of Macomb's pur-
chase, and contained 610,000 acres. But sub-
setjuently all south and west of the Black
River, being the part which now constitutes
the richest towns of Lewis and Jefferson coun-
ties, was given up, and only that lying to the
north and east of the river retained. The
])ortion so retained contained only 210,000
acres. This was the Castorland of the olden
times.
The name Castorland, that is to say, the
Land of Beavers, is doubtless a literal transla-
tion of the old Indian word, which means the
" Beaver Hunting Country," Castorland being
taken out of the western half of this old In-
dian hunting groimd.
During the negotiations between Constable
and Chassanis for this ;,the French Revo-
i
isr,
,1 S(Vr/:.y/A' oi- tiif si\ law r i:\ri- ni\-i:R.
I
ii
:l J
!1
1 I
liitinii, ill, it li.id Ik'i-ii -^11 Innj; •iiiioulderini^. burst
tnith in all its sava^i' fmv, and tlu' slircis nl'
I'aris were siiiipi'ry with luiinan i^nrc. Cim-
stahlf locked ihe door nl" tlic a|Mitmi'nt in
whicli tlu'V nut, with the icinark thai "it ihcy
|iart(.'d hclnic tlir luiicliasi' was ciimiiU'tcd
thoy iniLihl lu'vcr na'ct auain." 'i'iic palacL' of
till.' TuilK'tiL's was aliL-ath smioundt'd li\' tlu'
liioodthirslv i loli. 'I'lic attendants ol' the
royal fainilv were Initi hered. and the t'eelile
kini; <ast into a dungeon. In ( (imparison
with surh awful scenes as those in the very
hearl of the hii;hesl ( ivili/atinn the world had
ever seen, the savage wilderness of the old
American forests was a scene of peai efiil vest.
To the fut,'itive noblesse of I'' ranee, the former
l)osscssors of L^reat titles, rank, vveallh and
r:ulture, the (|uiel shades of C'astorland af-
forded a sc<ure asylum from the liorrors oi
the Reij^n of 'I'error.
Sciif.viK, OI' St: I I i.KMiA r.
A romantic scheme wa> at oiue conceived
and pi'ifecied by the company in I'ari^ for the
setllemeiit of ("astnrland. In pursuance of
this scheme a pam|ililet was [irinted in Paris
and i' sued by the Comp.iny, containing a ])ro-
gramine of coloni/ation under its auspices.
This pamphlet was entitled "Association for
the ])urchase and settlement of 600,000 acres
of land, granted by the Stale of N'ew \'(uk,
and situated within thai Slate, between the
451! ami t.jth degrees of latitude, upon Lake
Ontario, and tiiirty-t"ive leagues from the city
and port of Albany, where vessels land from
ivirope. " It set forth, among other things, in
uluwing ( olors, the wealth of agriculture pre-
sented by its fertile soil, the fine distribution
of its waters, its lacililii's for an exti'iided < om-
merce on account of its location in the vicinity
of a dense population, and above all the
security afforded to iis inhabitants by the laws
of a |)oople who were independent and rich
with their own capital, thus extending to the
immigrant all the benefits of liberty with none
of its drawbacks. It was staled that the ob-
ject of the proprietors was to form of the
colony a sort of family, in some way united bv
common interests ,md common \v ints, and
thai to maintain this union of inierests a plan
had been devised tint rendered each meiiiber
directly interested in the whole properly. Ii
vv.is to be done bv and in the name of .Sieiir
Chass.iiiis, ill whose name they had |iur<hased
tlu' estate, and who alone had power to issue
( ertificates of ownershiii.
There were 6,000 (ertificates to be issiu'd.
each entitling the holder thereol lo owiiershi])
in 111. inner following; The uliole tr.ict at that
lime ((insisted of 6,50,000 acres. Of this 600,-
000 were divided into 1 .\ooo lots of liftv a( res
e.ich, and the |irice of e.icli sli.ire fixed at Soo
livres (^is-'.^S). In ihe beginning, 6,000 lots
were set apart for individual properties, and
the other 6,000 lots were to belong lo .1 (diii-
moii slu( k which w.is to be divided at some
liilure time, after improvements had been
made thereon by ihe coiiipanv. Ivk h luihler
of .1 ( ertilic.ite w.is to receive al once ,1 deed
lor .1 separate lot of liflv acres, to be drawn
bv lot, and also a lot of fifty .icres in the ( oin-
iiioii undivided slo( k.
Of the 50,000 remaining acres, 2,000 were
set .apart for .1 ( ily lo be formed on the great
river in tin.' interior, and j,ooo more for
another city on Lake Ontario, ;it ihe mouth
of the IJhu k River, whi( li was to form a
port ,ind entrepot of ( ommerce. .\inong
artisans 6,000 .acres were to be divided and
rented to them al twelve sous per a( re. The
]irocee(ls of the 20,000 acres remaining were
to b(' expemk-d by the ('()m|)aiiy in the < 011-
struclion of roads, bridges :\ntl oilui improve-
nu Ills.
The two cities were divided into i.|,ooo lots
each. Of these lots, 2,000 were set ap.irt lor
( liurches, schools, m.ukets, etc. The remain-
ing 12,000 lots were to be divided among the
6,000 holders of certifuMtes in the same m. in-
ner as the large tract, — (.■a( li holding one
separate lot aiul one in ( omiiion.
The affairs of the company were to be min-
aged by five trustees, tliret' to remain in Paris
and two ujion the tract.
Such was the scheme matured in the salons
of P. iris for Ihe settlement of Caslorland.
Heaulifiil and ]ir(nnising beyond nu'asiire upon
a|)er, as an .'.leal, but ntterl) iiniira( tieable
I.
,»:
•4
1 I
M
p li
C,lS/(iA'/..l.\7l .h\'I) I HI: IREWII Sl/n I.EMEX , Til ERE.
ISQ
and l)itliMl\ disaiipointiiif; as a reality. Yet
many .-.hares wore eagerly taken.
Okgani/ A I lOK.
On the -'iSth of June, 179,?, it being the
^ci (ind year ot tiie I'Vench RepnIiUc, the actual
hiililers of certificates convertible into shares
of I, a Coinjiagnie de New York met in the
rooms of Citizen Chassanis, in Paris, to organ-
ize their society u|)i)n the basis already estab-
lished, and to regulate the division, survey
and settlement of their lands. There were
present at that meeting forty-one shareholders
in all, who represented 1,880 siiares. They i)er-
fected and completed their organi/atinn; they
adii[ned a long and elaborate constitution; they
(hose a seal for their corporation, and ap-
pointed five commissaries to manage its af-
fairs, three for Paris and two for Castorland.
In the meantime the tract had been re-con-
veyed, and the large part lying west and south
of the llkick River given up, tlie part retained
being that lying east and north of the river,
and containing only 210,000 acres. To ac-
cord witli this fact the number of shares was
reduced from 6,000 to 2,000. It was at this
meeting that a silver piece was ordered to be
struck, termed a " Jetton de presence," one
of which was to be given at every meeting to
each commissary as an attendance fee.* | See
engraving, p. 184.]
* Tlicse pieces occur in coin c.ibinets, .ind have
l)ii'n erroneously I allctl "Castoiland half dollars."
\ jillon is a piece of niclal struck with a device, and
clislributcd to be kept in conmicmoration of some
event, or to be used as a counter in games of chance.
Till' one here noticed was termed a "jetton de pre-
sence," or piece "given in certain societies or com-
panies to each of the members at a session or meet-
ing." It was engraved by one of the Duvivier
brothers, eminent coin and metal artists of F'aris.
The design represents on the obverse the head of
Cybele, who personified the eartli as inhabited or
cultivated, while on the reverse Ceres has just tap-
ped a maple tree, in which will be observed a s|)()ut
provided with a stop to withhold the sweet sap wlien
it (lowed too fas*
The Latin legend on the reverse is a ipiotation
from Virgil, which, with its context, reads :
" StiTii »tii;;ii,x piirciii fntguiiiy Saluiitia tcllus
'I'he coiniiiissaries appointed for America
were Simon !>esjardiiies and Pierre Pharou.x,
who lost no time in proceeding to .\merica to
execute their important trust. Desjardines
had been a Chamberlain of I.ouis X\T. He
was of middle age, an ai coinplished s( holar
and gentleman, but knew not a word of Knglish
when he arrived. He had with him his wife
and three children, and his younger brother,
Geoff ry Desjardines, who shared his labors
and trials. He also brought with him his
library of 2,000 volumes. Pierre Pharou.x,
the surveyor, who was afterwards drowned, was
a distinguished young architect and engineer
of Paris, of high scientific attaintnents and
marked ability. He was earnestly and faith-
fully devoted to his duties; and his love of
science, his honesty, his good sense, and
genial and ardent friendship were manifested
in all his doings. He left behind him in
I'rance an aged father to mourn his untimely
death.
They sailed from Havre on the 4th day oi
July, 1793, in the .\merican ship Liberty, but
did not arrive in New Vork until the 7th of
September following. There catiie over in the
same vessel with them a young I'rench refugee
named Mark Isambart Hrunel, who afterward
filled the world with his fame as an engineer
in Kngland. Hrunel had been in the French
navy, and was driven from home on account
of his royalistic proclivities. He went with
them in all their journeys through the wilder-
ness, and shared in all their hardships during
the first year, but does not seem to have been
employed by them in (Castorland.
Tni:iK IiKsT Exploration.
Soon after their arrival in this country,
Desjardines and Pharoux, with their friend
Mrunel, set out on a voyage of exploration to
their '"promised land" in the wild valley of
the Black River. To realize the difficulties
of the undertaking, the reader must bear in
mind that the country they were in (piest of
lay far from Albany in the depths of a howling
wilderness, which had then never been visited
by white men, excejU around its border, or
when carried across it as prisoners in savage
IQO
,/ .svr/v- \7A' "/ /■/// >■/ I .iwh-i:scr h'/r /■:/:.
Ii.iiulh ; lli.il llu' tmly imiir u< il u.i> up llic
Muliawk, in ballcaux, in Imi Stainvix, nuw
llic city ol Ri>iiR- ; lliciu c liy llic nay ul WUod
crcL'k, llic ( liRiila lake, anil iIr' (Jswcgo river
to Lake ( hUari(j. .\\\i.[ Iroin Lake ( >ntariu tip
tlie unexplured rmiteot'tlie l!ia( k Kiver. It was
over tile old Indian tr.iil, the savage warpath
of the l''renih ajul Iniliaii and of the Kevohi-
tiunary wars, and even then there was threat-
ened .1 general Indian war by all the tribes
around our borders. I'.ut in the face of all
these ilitVn ulties our explorer>, in the autumn
of 179,5, ^<-' uut f(jr Castorland.
In describing their passage over the tarry-
ing place from I'ort Slanwix to Wood creek,
ol the-.!.' 'runks, presentmg ,il once the niiages
ot life and ileath."
The fort at Oswego was still held by a
llrilish garrison. Jealous of {''rem hmen, the
I ommander .it tirsl refiiseil to allow them to
pass into Lake Ontario, but il was finally
arrangetl that lirunel should rem.iin as a
hostage for the good condui t .mil s.ile return
of the others, lirunel, ho'vever, w.is refused
.iccess to the fort, and was ordered tu encimp
.done in the woods on the iiiijiosite side ol the
river. Considering that such treal'uent in-
validated his parole, he escaped from Os.vii/o
disguised as a ( onnnon s.iilor. .md proceeded
with Ills friends on their expedition. 'I'liey
^
M
near where the four busy tracks of the \ew
^'ork Centr.d Railroad now run. they wrote in
their journal, under d.ite ul ( )( lober loth:
■' Ujion taking a walk into the woods a short
distance we saw on every hand it w.is ,1 fear-
ful solitude. VoLi .ire stoppetl sometimes by
impassable swamjis, and at other times by
lie.ips of trees th.it h.ue f.illen from age or
have been o\erihrown by storms, and among
which an infinite number of insects and ni.iny
scjuirrels find .1 retreat. On every liand we
see the skeletons of trees overgrown with
moss and in every stage of decay. The cajiil-
laire and other plants and shrubs spring out
jiroceeded (autioiisly along the shore of the
Like over the route that had become historic
by the i>resence of M. de la Uarre ;iiul his
army in their visit to ],a I'ainine in 16.S4, and
of I'.ither (!liarlevoix in i7:!o, and which had
so often been traversed by their countrymen
in the palmy days of the old Imcih h occu-
pancy, until their arrival at Niaoure b.iy, now
tailed IJI.K k River bay. Here after ;i long
search they discovered the mouth of the
lilack River, the great river tiiat watered C'as-
torland. Hut it was already so late in the
season that they only explored the river up to
the point some five or six miles above the falls
Iti
C./.s/VVvV-./A'A .l.\7> THE IRi:\< II SF.TTI.I-.M EXI I HERE.
U)\
ill \V;itcrt()wii, .111(1 lliiit iL-tiirncd to Alljain
t(j toiniiklL- lliuir |irci);iraliuns for the nuxl
yell's joimuN.
In tlic aiitiiiiin ol iS55,tli>.' Iluii Amelia M.
Muiiay, maid ot Imnnr to (^)uL'L'n \'ii tnria,
made a tour nf iIr- United States and Clanada,
tlir()Uj;li llie lake bell of llie Wilderness, over
tile route now so miu h tra\elled. Her
( ompanions were tiov. Horatio Seymour,
the ( loxernor's i)ie( e and other friends.
On their w.iy they stoiiped, of loiirse, at
Arnold's, iiiil 1 will let the l..idy Amelia
tell the story in her own words, as
written in her di.iry, under date of Sep-
tember JO, ;S55: "Mr. Seymour re-
mained to III, ike arrangements with the
guides, while his niece and I walked on
to Arnold's farm. 'I'here we found Mrs.
.Arnold and six daii;;hters. 'I'hese j;irls,
ai;e(l from twelve to twenty, were |)lai ed
in a row .i^ainst one wall of the shanty,
with looks so expressive of astonishment,
ili.U I felt puzzled to aceounl for their
111, inner, till their iiiolhe! intormed ns
they had never before seen any other
woman than liersclt I 1 could not eli( it
,1 word from them, but, at last, when I
bej^i;ed for a little milk, the eldest went
and broiij;hl me a glass (tin cu])). 'I'hen
I remembereil that we had met a single
hunter rowing himself ow the .Moose
Kiver, who called out, ' Where on 'arth
do them women come from.''' .\nd onr
alter experience fully explained why
hidies .ire such rare birds in that locality."
Tin; Si'-.r ri.KMKNf ok C'.xsioim.and.
The next spring, being in the year i79.(, the
Desjardines 15rotliers and I'haroux, with a
large company of men, with their surveyors
and assistants, took U|i their toilsome journey
from Schenectady to their forest possessions,
being this time fully eiiiiipped to begin their
settlement. Their route this year was ii]) the
.Mohawk in batteaux to I'"ort Schuyler, now
Utica, thence overland across the Deerlield
hills sixteen miles, to the log house of Haron
Steuben, who had then just commenced his
improvements upon his tract of i6,ooo acres
gr. lilted him b\ the St.ite. !• roni .Steuben's it
w.is twenty-four miles further through the
trackless forest to the High Kails on the lUack
River in Castorland.
The difliciilties of the journey then still be-
fore them can scarcely be imagined by the
re.ider of to-day. .\t length they re.u heil
their tract on the welcome banks of the Rl.ick
Ri\er, and began their labors. Hut there is no
space in these pages to follow them in their
operations, in their sore trials and their bitter
disaiiiiointmeiUs, their final discomfiture and
utter failure.
Suffice it to say that they began a little set
tiement on the banks of the ISlack River, at
the ])lace now called l.ym's Falls. That thev
surveyed their Kinds and laid out one of their
cities. Castorville, on t'.ie Heaver river, at a
])lace now called Beaverton, op|)osite the
little station now called C!ast;>rland, in mem-
ory of their enierjirise. Thai 'hey laid out
r
I.;:
// so/ I j:.\7A' or iiii: sr. iawri-sci-: river.
tlicit otlui ( ity, till' l.ikf port, wliic h tlii'y
named "C!ily of Daslc,'" at wliat is now l)c\-
tcr, hclow Watcrtowii, and in 1795 ilu'y
founded the present village of Cartilage. That
I'liaroux w.is ai cidcntally drowneil in the river
at Watertown in ihe lall uf ijij^. 'I'hat 1 )es-
jarilines gave up the agency in despair in 1797
and was su<ieeded Ijy Riidolphe 'I'illier,
" Mend)erof the Sovereign Count il of lierne,"
who in turn gave place to (louverneur Morris
in iiSoo, and that the lands llnally became the
jiroperty of James Donatien I.e Kay de Ciiau-
mont, his associates and grantees.
".\ficr toil and many iroiiblcs. SLlfcxiled fur nuiiiy
yeais,
Long delays and sad niisfurtunts, man's rigiLts and
WDin.in's lears-
I'nfullilltd llic biilljant oiilset, broken as a chain (jf
sand,
\V 'ic the (golden txpcctaiiuns by Orandu Ra|jidLs'
proinisrd land."
Dk.MII 01 I'lr.kKK I'llARdUX.
One of the saddest incidents in the story of
Casiorland is the ileath ul I'harou.x, at the
falls of Watertown, in 1795. In September
of that year, after the river had been swollen
by heavy rains, I'harou.x set out with lirod-
head, 'I'assart and others, all surveyors, on n
journey to Kingston. In passing down the
river on a raft, ihey were drawn over the falls.
Mr. Brodhead and three men were saved, but
I'haroux was drowned. The survivors made
iMiremitting search for IMiarou.x's body, but it
was not lound until the following s])ring. It
was washed ashore ujion an island at the
mouth of HUick River, where it was found by
Benjamin Wright, the surveyor, and by him
decently buried there. M. LeRay de Cliuu-
mont many ye.irs afterwards ciused .1 m.iriile
tablit to be set in the r<jck near his grave,
bearing this inscription:
TO llIK Ml M(>KV (M
I'll'.RRK !• II .\ R(> I' .\,
'I'mIS I>1.AM) Is ('i).\sI.( ka ri.ii.
The reader will remember that the ye.ir be-
fore his death, I'haroux had dis( overed and
nanieil the river Inde[iendence, in Castorland,
and had selected a beautiful spot at its mouth
on the niack River, near a large Hat granite
rock, for his residence. 'I'his sjiot, called by
the Desjardines Brothers Indejiendenc e Rock,
was ever afterwards regarded by them with
melancholy interest. 'I'hey could not pass it
without shedding tears tf) the memory of
their long-tried and trusted frienil. Under
date of May jS, 171/), Simon 1 )esjartlines, the
elder brother, recorded in his journal :
" Landed at half-past two at Independent e
Rock, and visited once more this charming
spot whi( h had been so beautifully chosen by
our friend I'haroux as the site for his house.
The a/aleas in full bloom loaded the air with
their perfume, and the wild birds s.mg
sweetly around their nests, but nature has no
longer any pleasant sights, nor fragrance, nor
music, for me."
Castoki.am), AdiI'.i; !
.And now ancient Castorland may be added
to the long list of names once famous in the
cities of ICurope, and long celebrated in the.
forest annals of Northern New York, but now
forgotten, and found only in history and song
— feebly commemoratid by the name of an
inbigailkanl railway station.
^A^
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.
By Travellers and by Historical and Statistical Writers.
F.ATflKK ('llAKI.KVlilX — (l7:!l)
P)IKRRK FK.\Nt:OIS X.WIKR CHAR-
■"^ I.IOVOIX was burn in i6«.', bucanie a
Jesuit jiriust, and in 1720-1722 made a voyage-
to North America uniler orders from the King
ot Krancc. Passing up tiie St. Lawrence and
through the lakes, he found his way to the
.\Iississi|)i)i, and, after encountering many
difhcuhies, finally reached San Domingo, and
returnet! from thence to l-'runce. Mesitics his
journal of Travels, which was written in
epistolary form, he wrote a History of New
France, which is regarded as high authority.
He closed a life devoted to study and travJl,
on the iSth of February, 1761.
The Journal of his Travels abounds in his-
torical, ethnological and tojiograjjhical infor-
mation, and he was a close observer of Natural
History. His description of this region is
brief, and is given in a letter ilated at Cataro-
<oui (Kingston), May 14, 1721, in which he
says :
Five or SIX leagues from la Galitte is an island
called T^.iiinta, the soil of wliicli appe:irs tolerably
feitile, and wliicli is .ihoiil half a league long. An
lro<iuois called ' 77/,' ().■„,/■, v,' for what reason I know
not — a man of excellent good sense, and much de-
voted to the French - had obtained the right of it
from the Count de Fiontenac, and he shows his
I'aleiu to ei-erybody that desires to see it. lie has,
however, sold his Lordship foi four pots of brandy!
but he has reserved the usufruct for his own life, and
has got together on it eighteen or twenty families of
his own nation. I found him at work in his garden;
this is not usual with the Indians, but this person
afreets to follow all the French manners. He re-
ceived me very well, and would have regaled me,
but the fine weather invited me to pursue my voyage.'
I look my leave of him, and went to pass the iiighi
two leagues from h.iice, in a very pieasam -pot. I
had still thirteen leagues (o sail before I could leaeli
Catarocoui; the weather was line, .ind the night very
clear. This prevailed wiih us to embark at three in
the morning. We passed through the middl. of a
kind of an archigelago, which they call Mi/U lies
(the Thou.sand Isles), and I believe there are djove
live hundred of them. After you have got from
among them, you have only a league and a half to
sail to reach C.itarocoui. The river is open, and is
full halfale.igue wide. You then leave upon the
right three great b.ays, pretty dee|,, and the fort is
built in the third."
Fort Catarocoui was described by Charle-
voix as a scpiare, with four bastions, built with
stone, and the ground it occujiies as a ipiarter
of a league in circuit. The situation was very
liieasant, and the view upon the river remark-
ably fine.
An anonymous folio printed for Thomas
Jeffreys in 1760, repeats (page 15) the account
given by Charlevoix about the Indian living
on Toniata Island, and what is said by him
concerning the Thousand I.sland.s.
J.AMES Fenimokk Cooper's Ide.-m, "Station
Island."
(.\ssumcd to be about 1755.)
In the third of his series of " Leather-
Stocking Tales," as placed by its author,
although not in the order of publication, is
"The Pathfinder, " a romance by some re-
garded as the most pleasing of the many that
were sketched by the pen of this popular
writer. In his youth, James Cooi'er (as he
was known until a middle name was inserted
by a special act of the Legislature of New
I'M
./ .sc/ ;7\/A' ('/• /■///, .s/'. /..I irA/:.\(/: i<!\ i-.k.
;S
11
5H
\'(jik, ill iSj6), li.iil liL-cii .1 MuUliiiiman in
thr .\mciii,in N,n\,ai)(l in tins ( ,i|iacity w.is
si.ilidiu'd loi ,1 tiiiu' at ( )s\vin(), wIkti' tlif \'\x>\.
lifj^inniiij; was inailc in llir cDiisiriiciidn ol an
AiiK'iicaii na\ al annanu'iU iipon l.aki' ( Jniaiio,
II ink- 1 ( '(iiniiii)ii(irt' WiiiiNi'v, in llir sum hut oi
jSoS. { )f this |icrii)(l of his lil\, ilif aiilluir
hiiiiM'll' says :
'■ riiis was |ri(ii\ (.iil\ III till' |pU'S(1iI iciiliiiy,
wlicii llic ii.ivi^.ilioii \SMS slill ('iiiil'iiicil III till' t'liipliiy
iniMi iif a few ships aii'l schnniicf s. Simc ih.il day,
li:;hl may In; saiij In have lnnki'ii iiili> llif wiliiiTiicss.
anil ilir i.iys nl ilic sun liavr |irnclraU'.l lo irns nf
lli'Misaiiils III liraiilifii! va!l('\ s anil |>lanis, ilial llicn
la\ III ' yralcfiil sliailc' Tnwiis liavr hern biiill
.ilniii; ilic whiih,' of tlir ixliTldril liiR' i)( coasts, and
till' tiavc'llci now stops ,it many plarcs of tin oi
liflci'ii, and al oiii' of even lifly thoiisaml Inhaliiianls,
wari'- a U'W hills ilun iii.itkiil lln' silcs nf liiiiiif
III Ills."
\;iiiii ihrsr f.imiHar s.l'Ul's, ( ji(i|irr hiid \\w
|i, i:i III' his rum. inic, .111(1 the (lcsiri|itiiins of
sifiKTV and of natural to|inL;faiiliy wliii h tlio
l)0'ik contains, iu' rci^anls "as nearly accurate
.IS is rci|uir(.'d li\' the l.iws whii h j^ovcrn fu -
lion," .ilthoiiL;h lliuso wild solitudes of I,ake
(•iiiario as he saw them, .ue so no longer.
'I'lie |ierio(.l assigned for the romance, was
.i1h);ii the middle of the last century, while
th-, I*",nglisli held ;i military and trading |iost
,11 Oswego, and the iMeni h the region to the
north ,111(1 west of the lake, extending in a
( h.iin of posts from their |i(issessions in Lower
Canada to those on the Mississippi. It w.is
not long before the hostilities began that
ended in the ( oiKpiest of the I'rench in
C'anada, .iiid the full establishnient of the
English jiouer, and of peace along the whole
line of this memorable frontier.
We will not altemiit to give an outline of
the plot of the tale, leaving that to be known
by those who would wish the details from the
b(jok itself. It is sufficient for our present
use, lo co])y some of the descriptions of scenery
of the Thous.md Islands. — among the intricate
mazes of which the author has placed The
SiAiioN, upon wliicli depends a part of the
|)lol. It was, in<leed, as he represented it, in
that day, a place hard to find, the a]>proach
being full of diftlciilties and dangers. The
\va\ was known to but a f.ivored few, to whom
the sei ret was in (inilidiiKi inti nsted, .ind
the pi. ice is now, like ('iKjiso's l.ivoied Isle,
an o|ien ipieslion lor those who i lioose lo
explore ;
" The Sl.ilion, .is Ihc pl.ii c was f.iiiilliaih liimcil
\a ihr soldiers of the 55lh, w.is inikcd a spoi m i.n-r
(•.\p(i t.itions of cnjoynunl .iinoiin lliosc who had
aceii cooped up so lonn in .i vissil of the dimi'iisinns
il ihc • Scud.' None of the isl.mds were IiIk'i. ihonuli
.1.1 l.iy al .1 snilleieni elevation almvc the walcr lo
icndci Iheiii perfecllv licallhy and sci me. I'.itli li.id
noK' or less of wood, and llic yicalei nnmln r al lli.il
disiani day wcri' ilolhcd wiih the vii^^in foiesl. I li,'
one selected liv ihc Iniops foi llieir pniposc was
.ni.dl, I onlainin^ alioiit tweiny acres of land, and l>y
some of the .iccidenis of llie wilderness, il li.is been
nailly snipped of its Irees, prolialdy ceiitui ies before
llie period of which we are wiitin>!, and a lilllf grassy
Hi.ide coveied ne.irly half its snifice. It w.is the
o]iinion of the ollicer who had made the seleelion of
lliis spot fill a military post, that a sp,irl<linj; spiinj{
lie. II by had early ciiiyht the alleiilion of the Indians,
and lh.it they li.id liiii(i frei|iiented this p, iiiiciil.tr
pl.iee in then linills, or when fishing for salmon — a.
circumstance tli.it had kept down the sccond-nrowlh,
and yiveii lime for the nalnral grasses lo lake root,
and III vtain dominion over the soil. I.et the cause
be wlial il minlit, llic elicit w.is to reiidei liiis isl.md
far more lieaiitifiil ihan niosi of those .iioniul il. and
lo lend an aii of civili/.ation that was then wanlin({
ill so much of thai vast reL;ioii of coiintn'.
"I'he shores of Station Island were completely
fiiiiyed with bushes, and nre.it care had been t.iken to
preserve them, as they .insweied as a screen to conceal
the persons and things (olleclcd within llit'ii circle.
I". IV. lied by this shelter as well as that of several
lliickets of trees and dill'erenl coppices, some six or
eii;lit low hills had been eieciud to be used as (|iiar
leisfnr the ollicer and his men, lo contain stores, and
tn serve the purposes of kitchen, hospii.il. etc.
These huts were bnill of loi{s, in ihe usual manner,
had been loofed by bark bronuhl from a distance,
lest sijriis of labor should attract alteniion, and. as
they had now been inhabited some monihs, were as
ccnnfi,)itablc as tlwellinys of ih.il desciiplion usually
ever >.riit lo be.
".\t the e.isteiii extremity of the island, however,
w.is a small, dense wooded peninsula, vvith a ihii ket
of underbrush so thickly malted as nearly lo pri'venl
the possibility of seeiiij; across it. so lonR as the
leaves remained on Ihe branches. .Near ihe narrow
neck that connected this acre with llie rest of the
island, a small block house had been erected with
some attention lo its means of resistance. The lojis
were bullet proof, sipiared and ioined with a eaie lo
leave no defenseless points; the windows weie loop-
holes; Ihe dcor massive and small; and the loof. like
1
Ic)
as
Iv
<r[
III
III'
illl
'A
Ui
jt
it
4
DEScR/rr/o.ys of the tuousaxd islaxds.
\g-
ttie rest of llie slruciim', w.is (laiiuci of hewn linilur.
Lovtrtil properly with bark to exclude the rain. Tlie
h)wer aparlnieiii. as usual, contained stores and pro-
visions: liere, indeed, the parly ki'pt all tlieir sup-
plies; the second story was intenileil for a dwelling;
as well as for a ( itadel, and a low garret was sub-
divided into two or three rooms, and could hold the
pallets of soine ten or hfteen persons. All ilie
airan^'iinents were exceedingly siiniile and cheap,
but they were suliicient to protect the soldiers .igainst
the elVects of a surprise. As the wliole building
was consi(ierabIy less tlian forty feet liigh, its sum-
mit uMs concealed by the tops of the trees, except
from tin' eyes of those who had reached the interior
of the island. On tliat side the view was open from
the upper loops, tliough bushes, even tlierc, more or
less concealed the base of the wooden tower. The
object being purely defense, care had been taken to
place the l)lock liouse so near an opening in the
limestone rock that formed tile base of the island, as
to .idniit of a bucket's being dropped into the water,
in order to obtain that great essential, in the event of
a siege. In order to facilitate this operation, and lo
enfilade the base of the building, llie upper story
projected several feet beyond the lower, in the
manner usual to lilock liouses, and pieces of wood
tilled llie apertures cut in the log llooring, which
were intended as loops and traps. The communica-
tions between the dili'erent stories were by means of
ladders. If we add that these block houses were
intended as citadels, for garrisons or settlements to
retreat to in cases of attack, the general reader will
obtain a sullicientlv coriect idea of the arrangements
it is our wish to explain.
" Hut the situation of the island itself formed its
principal merit as a military position. Lying in tlie
midst of twentv others, it was not an easy matter to
hnd it, since bo.its might pass quite near, and, b) the
glimiises caught tlirough the openings, this particular
island would be taken for a part of some other.
Indeed, the channels between the islands that lay
around the one we liave l)ecn describing were so
n.iriow, that it was even diirn ult to say which por-
tions of the land were connected, or which separated,
even as one stood in their centre, with the express
desire of ascertaining the truth. The little bay in
particular, liiat jasper used as a haibor, was so eni-
bowerod with bushes and shut in with islands, that
the sails of the cutter being lowered, her own peo-
ple, on one occ-tsion, had seardied for hours before
they could hnd the ' Scud' in their return from a short
excursion among the adjacent channels in quest of
rtsh. In short, the place was admirably adapted to
its present uses, am! its natural advantages had been
.IS ingeniously improvei
•d as
momv and llie limited
means of a frontier post would very well allow."
rilie Pathlindcr, ("hap. six.)
('.APIAIN I'oiK'nor — (1760).
Tliis writer was ;i Ca|)t;iiii in the Ri-i^iment
of Ucain, in the war of 1755-60; was < 0111-
mander of the fort at Niagara when rapttircd
!))' Sir William Johnson in 1758. and again
was captured in I'ort Levis, a little Iielow Og-
denshiirg, where the last resistance w.is made
by the French 'n the cominest (jf Canada, in
1760.
His Journal was piililished in Switzerland
afte; his death, and affords nnicii valuable in-
formation concerning the country as it existed
in his day. In si)eaking of the customs of the
(Canadian voyageurs, he remarks that in ascend-
ing the river in their bateaux, tiiey kept as near
as jossible to the north .shore. Of the river
above, he says:
" .\t hve leagues from Pointe au Haril (near the
present village of .Maitland| is the Isl.md of Toni-
ata. The main channel of the river is between this
island and the south shore. The north part of the
river is tilled with rushes, and in summer is a cele-
brated eel lishery.
" The Island of Toniata is three leagues long by a
((iiarter of a league wide. .-Vt the upper end is a
little passage with but little water, and full of rushes,
which they call the Petit Detroit. This is the route
that bateaux always take in going up to avoid the
currents.
" We should notice that we ought to pay no atten-
tion to the little channels which we meit :iiiiong the
rushes, and which have no outlet and would giound
a vessel.
■' At the Petit Detroit they perform the ceremony
of ' bapti/.ing ' those who have never gone up the
river before.
"At a league and a half above, begins the Thou-
sand Islands, which continue at least three leagues.
There are an infinite number of little rocks covered
with trees, with channels (piite large in some places.
In others, vessels in passing through would almost
touch them. They are very safe, almost :i!wayshave
a good depth of water all ;ironnd them, and there is
but a slight I'urrent.
" At the end of three leagues we lind larger
islands. We should take carc> and not go astray.
In following the b:iteaux ch:innel ne.irest the north
siile, we shall notice several inlets ending iniiKiishes,
which are near tlie shore.
" It is necessary to turn very short to enter the
Hay of C'orbeaii, which is large an<l fine. We pass
between the south point, wliich is very straight, and
a little isbiiid which we h.ive to pass veiy ni\u.
I'roin thence they coast along the Isle au<'ilion,
f|!
I
igS
.•; >v'r/VA7A' (V /■/// sr. /..//cav-wa' av/v-./o.
:1
whirl) is ;i good ltMi;iic in k'linlli. Il i> liiu- .iiiii ucll
woodtil.
" 'lliey rii;iki' .1 crossing; of llirri' Icifjiu's 10 ri'iii ii
tlie Isle Cocliojs, wliicli is lliri'c Ifajjiics limg, and
linlf a league wide, alioiindiiig in game and tisli.
" Tlie view from the fool of this island, with thf
luigliboiing islands ami the north shoie, forms a
piospect inosi deliglilfnl on accoiinl of the be.iuiy of
tlie channels. This part appears 10 he very proper
for cnltivation, and good for luiiitiiiK and lisliini;.
From thence tf) Frontenac is three leagnc.. \Vi-
find the bay snllicienlly deep and ijiiitc good before
coining to Montreal I'oini, which is the scjiith point
of the K.iy of Cntaroconi. "
Jt)HN L()\i;.
This .ititlinr, wlio w.ts a rovini; Indian
trader, apjicars to have met suinc adventures
worthy of notice, altiioiigli not iniineoialely
lelatiiiL^ to tiie jiiace more particidarly tinder
description, lie stayed onl\- a day or two in
a phice, bartered his goods fur peltries till
tliere were no more to buy. and llien jjtished
off to a tie\v field of enterprise. He sto])ped
three days at liie Cierni.tn l-'i.tts on tlie Mo-
hawk — and on the 14th of Sc|)teml)er, 17S4,
arrived at the " Jenesee Lake," iirniiabiy
Seneca Lake of the present tlay.
A council was called, and he asked permis-
sion to stay awhile and trade. Tiiey ileliber-
ated, and returned the following answer:
" Yon are the Sugar, for sn von are called in our
tongue, but you must not have too inurh sweetness
on vour lips. .Ml the Oneida Indians say they have
heard that von are come only nndei a prelni>e to
get our lands from us; but this nmsl not be. My
voung warriors will not suller any Fnglishmau to
settle here. You are like the (ireat Chief (Jeneral
lolinson, wlio asked foi a spot of ground, or large
bed. to lie on; and when Ilendrick. the Chief of the
Moh.iwks, had granteil his iec|uesl, he got posses
sion of ;i great ipiantily of our hutUing groinids; ;ind
we have reason to think lli.it you intend to dream lis
out of our natural rights. We loved Sir \Villi;im.
and, therefore, consented to all his re(|uests; but
you are a stranger, and must not Like these libeilies;
therefore, ni\ :idvice is. that you depart to-moimw,
at break of d;iy. or you will be plundered b\ the
young warriors, iind it will not be in niir power In
redress you."
He "departtd" for Fort ()swe.^o, wliii h he
attempted to pass without permission; but
was prevented by ;i sentinel, ;ind his -oods
were all sei^ed ;ind confiscateil.
In tliis iiiisL'r;ti)le ciindition hi' got tcross to
C!.it.iroipii ( Kingston), and put ti]) at Howell's
tavern. He afterwards look ii]i 500 acus uf
land in tiiis region, on the t ^mada side ; but
nut liking tlie t;tme routine of f.irm life, lie
obl;iiiied ;inother slock of gocjds, retired up
the lake, and established himself at Finiilis-
( i)iy:in L;mding, on L;ike Ontario. He had
sc;ircely opened his premises for trade, before
an ofticer took [lossession of everything he
tiiitld Iind, even to ihe tent that sheltered him
from the we.ither, :ind t:;tiried them down to
.M(jntreal, where everything was sold for less
than a fourth jKirt of its cost, .Vg.iin strijiped
of his all, Mr. Long retireil to the " Hay of
Kenty," ,iiid lived ten months among the
friendly rnitetl iMiglisli Lo\;tlists. l\arly in
the s|iring of ijSO, he crossed to Carlton
Island, and thence proceeded to ( )swego, in-
lending to go into the Slates by ]HJSt. Hav-
ing no jiass, he was there stop[)e(l, but returning
e;istward, he resolved to jiroceed from Salmon
River through the woods to I'Ort Stanwix.
Having rested ;t d;iy. he sel out with fne
pounds of jiork, and two loaves of bread, witli
;t coinp;uiion, and ;i faithful Indian as ;t
guide — but the old path was obliter;iled; they
suffered great iiardships, and were finally
thankful at being able to get back to their
point of departure alive. l''roin there they
m:ide their w ;iy to < )swego along the shore, a
distance not over twenty miles, but they were
si.\ days on the way. Towards the last, thev
were entirel\ without food, e.M'ept wild onions
(leeks); but, fortunately, they fotiiul (> , the
stud ;ibout a hundred anil forty birds' eggs,
which they boili'd and eagerly ilevoiired, not-
withstanding the greater pari had yoting liirds
in them, witli sm.iU down f)n their bodies.
They were again turned back, and advised to
proceed either to Xiag;ira or Montreal, with-
out further atlempling to run their blockade.
He adoiiled the latter ;tllernalive.
.\t this period, there were ;ilong the north
b.ink of the St. Lawrence, beginning at Point
;iii liiiudel, and extending to the head of the
li.iy of (Juinle, about ten thousand inluibi-
t.mts. mostly Lf)yalists from the Slates, who
had been driven otil by the Revolution, ;md
I
'i
4
i
PF.scRrr/ioxs or rm: r//o( sAXf^ is/.,i\/\'<.
'99
t ■••
wlio were truly failhfiil siihjects of the Hrilisli
(.'lown.
(.^,itaro(|iii, tir l''oit Kroiitcnac, was. in his
(lav, held by a small garrison, and a com-
ni anding officer, who examined all boats that
l)assc(l either to tlie new settlements or the
iipljer ])Osts. Mr. Long gives some notes
upon the military defenses of this frontier, on
the south side of the lake, after the close of
the Revolution, that have iiistorical interest :
" riii; lirst posi I shall notice is Osweg.Tlcliie, on
the Kivi'i St. Lawrence, aljoul one liunilred and lifiy
miles aliovc Montreal, at the inontli of lliu Hlaik
River, wlurt- there are aljoirt a Inrndied sava>;is,
will) ociasionally fre(|iicnt it, and are called Oswe
gatcliii' Indians, ahlionjili they belong to llie trihes
1)1 the I'ive Nations. I'c) this fort the inhabitants
Ironi .New Kngland may with ease transport jjoods to
supply the Moliawks, ("almauages, Connecedagas,
Nt Regis, and some straggling Messesawger In
dians. who live near the Helroit, at a smaller e.\-
pen--e than they (an possibly be obtained from the
merchants of Quebec and Montreal, but particularly
rirni — wliiidi has now become an essential reqirisile
in every transaction with the sav.iges ; for though
they used formerly often to complain of the intro-
duction of strong-water by the traders (as appears
by the language of their chiels in Council), to tlie
prejudice of their young men, yet they have not now
tile resolution to refrain from the use of it. On the
contrary, it is become so familiar, and even neces-
sary to them, that a drunken frolic is looked upon
as an indispensable requisite in a barter, and antici-
pated witli extreme delight-
" Carleton Island is liigher up the river, and has
greater conveniences annexed to it than Oswe-
gatcliie, having an excellent harbor, with a strong
foititication, well garrisoned. It all'ords excellent
accommodation for shipping, and may be considered
as the naval storehouse for supplying Niagara and
the other posts. There are vessels of consideral>le
bulk constantly sailing from thence to Niagara,
Oswego, etc. There is also a Commodore of the
Lakes, whose residence is on the Island."
Mr. Long gives some sketches of Indian
life as it tlien existed in tliis region, that may
be read with interest :
" Karly one winter a newly married couple arrived,
anil having given them a little rum, they got very
merry; and pfcciving the woman was in great
humor, 1 desircil her to sing a love song, which she
consiMUcd to do with cheerfulness.
Till- SONT,.
"|)ebwii\e, nee zargay ween aighter, payshik
n.iihi\ , Mi/<e-bocki|uoii slienargusscy me larbircoacli
nepeech cassawicka iiepon, mo'-zack [>eiuartus,
sei zeeboc k 1 1 u oi t m etee k . '
" It is true I love him only whose heart is like the
sweet sap that runs from the sugar-tree, and is
brother to the aspen leaf that always lives and
sliivers "
In one of his descri|)t;ons, it would ajijiear
that lie tarried among the I'housand Islands.
The descrijjtion is too obscure for us now to
locate the place — but the account is as fol-
lows:
" I was then left with two white men, and two In-
dians and their wives. We passed our time in luiiil-
ing and hshing: and as there 'vere a great many
small islands near us, we made fre(|iient trips to
shoot wild fowl, which enaoled irs to keep a good
table. On one of the islands we discovered two
Indian huts, but from their appearance no one had
visited them for a length of time, .\liut half a .iiile
from the |)lace we saw a high pole, daubed over with
Vermillion paint; on the top were placed three liir-
maii skulls, and bones hung around. The Indians
supposed it had been erected many ye;irs. .About
an hour before sunset we returned to our wigw;iins,"
When he was living on the lake shore not
far from the eastern end, he had a Large dog
for i)rotecting himself and property. \n In-
dian one day came in, rather the worse for
rum, and attempted to strike the dog ; but the
animal iiist:uuly seized him by the calf of the
leg, and wounded him dreadfully. The In-
dian returned to his hut, and m.ide no coin-
])laint till the next day, when, lieing sober, he
called and desired to spe:ik to our trader.
He told the master how he had been used by
the dog, s.iying he hoped he would give him a
new fiair of leggins to su|)ply those which the
dog had torn; but that with regard to his leg,
he did not trouble himself much about that,
as he knew it would soon be well. Wounded
flesh would heal — torn leather, never. The
reipiest was granted ; the Indian retired with
a bottle of rum as a present, with wliii h he
seemed well i)le:ised, ;ind nothing more was
heard of the matter.
P, C.AMi'iu;ii. — (1791).
This traveller set out from the Highlands of
Scotland with ;in intention of exploring the
interior of \orth .America, and with an old
and faithful servant, a dog and a gun, he trav-
elled much in the wilderness, in hin li-bark
200
A SOi-\-EXlR OF THE ST. l..n\'RF..\CK R/IER.
i
caiioL's, ;iii(l tliioii!;li regions wliere roinfort
;uul safely were scarcely to be looketl for, and
often not enjoyed. Tlius writing from ilay to
day, in a canoe, or on the stinn|is of trees, or
liv the dim fire-ligiit of a settler's cabin, he
has given us impressions of the country as he-
saw it, that make up in vivid description for
what lie may lack in style. He had learned
irom a iJritish officer that a laily was living on
his way, whom he iiad known wiien she was a
child, in a poor widow's family that he liad
befriended in time of need, and he resohed
to visit her. She had married t.'aptain 'I'homas
1' , and was living not far from th(* river.
We cannot iles<ribe tiie incident, which gives
a pleasant glimpse fif domestic life in those
days, better than in his own language:
" When I came opposite lo Captain F 's lioiise,
whicli was a little way from the road, my servant
said that was the plaee we had heen direiied to ;
but, on my looking al)oiii and remarking tlio good
lioiise, but a still laryci barn of two stories Itigh,
several olFice houses, barracks or Oiitcli barns, the
siiliiciency and regularity of the rails, and extent of
the em losures, — considerable tlocks of turkeys,
geese, ducks and fowls, I said It could be no High-
lander that owned that place, — that the barracks oi
Dutch b.uns were foreign to any Scotchman what-
ever; that 1 had not hitherto seen any of theni that
liad such a thing; and that he must be a (Jernian
who lived in tli.u place. Still heallirnied thi> must
be it, agreeable to the directions we had ; but I
could not be persuaded, and pushed on to tiie next
house which was then in sight. When ! came up, I
asked for ("aptiiin F "s, and was told I liad left it
behind ; I, therefore, had to return.
"When I came in, they took no sort of notice of
ine, further th.m desiring me to sit down. My
trowseis being torn with the bushes, and the rest of
my dress being in the like situation, ihey supposed
me to be a Yankee come from the Stales. After
sitting awhile in this w.ay, nobody speaking to me,
or I to them, as Mrs. F happened to sii by me,
I looked full in her face ; and i learly juni/ing
her features, I accosted her in (iaelic ami asked her
if she had ever seen me before. She could not say
whether she liad or not. This turned tlie eyes of
everybody in the house toward us ; but on mv ;isk-
ing if she had heard of or known such a person,
naming myself, slie said she did, and knew him
very well, but could not suppose that I was him.
On my s.iying I was, she turned about to hei hus-
band : ' .My dear,' she said. ' this is the gentleman
wlioin I often told you was .so kind to us when he
was Foicsiei of .Mam l.oiri , and whatevei disputes
we and oiii iieighbnis h.id when our cattle trespassed
upon the Forest, he always favored our family.'
■'C;iplain F on this instantly welcomed me to
his house, and ordered dinner and venison steaks lo
be got ready immediately. While dinner was get
ting, .Mrs. F showed me nine or ten large, fat
hogs, then lying dead on the lloor of her keeping-
hou-ie, ;ind said they, every f;ill, killed twenty such,
and two fat oxen, besides other provisions for their
wiiuer's store. .After dinner Captain F treated
nie with port wine until we could drink no more,
and pressed me much to slay ihal night; but as tlie
boats hail passed, 1 could not wait. When he found
that I wouKI be ;iway, he ordered a couple tif horses
to be saddled immediately. » » * #
'I'he boats arriving, I stepped on board, and Ihe
water now becoming smooth and more like a lake
tli;in a running stream, the wind favorable, we put
up sails and made great way till late at night, when
we pill up at a poor, lame, r;igged man's house, with
a numerous family of small children ; but the wife
was buxom and well dressed. I and my Canadian
( riw threw ourselves down upon the floor opposite
lo the lire and slept soundly till four o'clock next
morning, when we got up and set o(V in Ihe usual
way. The wind siill favored us, and we soon en-
tered the Thousand Islands, whiih never were, nor
do I suppose ever will be counted, by reason of
their numbers, and for whicli r<ason they were for
merly called by the l"rench, and now bv the Ikilisli,
the Mille lies. They are of very little value, and
produce nothing but scraggy wood of useless pine.
Here are innumerable tlocks of water fowl, mostly
of the teal kind. Such a diversitv of creeks, l)ays,
channels and harbors, 1 suppose is rarely to be met
with in the world ; and if a crew be not well ac-
([uainted with the direct course, and if thev once
miss it, they may chance to be bewildered, and for
days may not tind it ;igain. After passing these
islands, we entered upon the lower end of Lake On-
tario, and about night fall arrived at Frontenac or
C'ataroipii, now called Kingston, and put up at ihe
Coll'ee House,"
Mr. (;ami)be!l describes Kingston as a young
but (iromising town, most beautifully located,
and iilready (within eight years after the be-
ginning) ,1 place of considerable trade. Over
6,ooo bushels of wiieat had been bougiit up
and stored here the year before, and at least a
fourth more would be purchased each suc-
ceeding year. He was told that six S( ore of
deer had been sold in town the same year,
and venison was sold every d:iy in the tiKirket.
He met old acijiiaintanceb and formed new
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j)f:scR/rT/oxs i^f the r hoc sand /si.axps
201
ones, and greatly .ulinired Parson Stuart's
farm, ami tlu' pruspect from Sir Jolm John-
son's house, tliat commanded a fine view of
the harbor and town. Kingston was tlien
lo(jking forward to a time that seemed near,
when the (governor-general woiiUl here fix his
aiiode, and tl)e place would become a j^reat
emporium of trade, and tiie seat of j^overnment
of Canada.
On the 24th of November, 1791, Mr. Camji-
i)ell took passage on board the sloop " Col-
\ ille," Captain Baker, for Niagara, 'i'he vessel
was armed with two six-pounders and two
swivels, and he had as a fellow i)assenger,
Lieut. William McKay, a fellow countryman,
whom he hatl met in Kingston. Th ' ly was
ha/y, and the wind fair, but ])romise(l no con-
tinuance at this late period in the year, and
just on the verge of winter. The early part of
iiis voyage brings us to a point of especial
iterest :
"Wl" passed sfver.TJ larRe, woody, uninh.iliited
islands. About niulu-fall. the wind changed lo
straiglit ahead — the cajitain, qiiili.' drnnk, went to
l)ud, tlie crew, little bcttef, went lo rest, and indeed.
were almost useless when sober, as they seemed to
know scarce anytliing at all of their business. No
watch or reckoning was kept, and but an ignorant
wietch at the helm. The wind increased, and now
became a slorin. In this way, beating to the wind-
ward, the night dark, ami surroimded by land-shoals
and islands, our situation could not be very agree-
able. None of us knew where we were, and in fear
of being aground every moment. \ man was ordered
lo sound, and once sung out of a sudden, ' live
fathoms.' I expected the next moment to hear her
strike. The ship was put about, and the inistake in
the sounding discovered to be owing to the ignorance
of the sailor, and the lines having been entangled in
the rails, as at the ne.xt sounding, no bottom was
found. From these circumstances I dearly saw that if
we escaped being wrecked, it would be a mere
chance, and it appeared that there was at least live
lo one against us. * * * Hm drunk as lliis man
was. before he went 10 bed, he ordered tlie main-sail
lo be doulile-reefed, and the fore-sail lobe handled, —
a precaution I was very glad to see. .About midnight
a severe lilast or hurricane was heard coming on.
The man at the lielm sung out, which brought the
captain and all the crew on deck, who got all the
sails liandled, and we now went under bare poles;
that done, he again returned lo bed, eleirially bawl-
ing out, • f )li ! my poor family!' and with the ne.\t
breath, ' Let us all gn Id together ! ThuH we
continued till lUiylighi. 1 lie snige laii veiy high,
but not e(|ual to that 1 have seen on sea; and as the
wind blew very fresh and hard against us, we had
nothing for it but lo returii liack and anchor at 2 r. M.
at the head of Carlton island, opposite lo Kingston;
l»ut as several large islands were between us and ihe
town, they could not see us, or know what had
b( come of us. The 25th, 2fi|h and 27th. we lay here
without stirring, the wind continually ahead or calm.
"On the 2Sth F went on shore on Carlton island,
wliere the Mritish had a garrison last war. The bar-
racks, dry-ditch and rampart are still remaining, but
in a decayed state. A sergeant and twelve men are
ke|i| here, to prevent the barracks from being burnt
by the Indians, and the .Americans from taking pos-
session of it and the dismounted guns thereon. 'I'he
cause ;issigned for our forsaking this post is said to
be. because it is doubtful whether these islands be
within the Hritisli or American lines."
'I'liey tried to get off on the 29th, but were
soon obliged to return and anchor, and the
next (lay they went hunting on the New York
shore, 'i'hey durst not venture far into the
woods, and killed nothing, but afterwards had
better luck upon some of the islands. Thus
day after day, for ten days, they were detained
by adverse winds, and even after getting well
on their voyage, they were enveloped in fogs
of hoar-frost, and so benumbed with cold, that
it seemed ;ilmost necessary to turn about for
Kingston and winter there. The fog cleared
up at last, and they got safely in at Niagara.
It being very cold, the caiitain invited our
traveller into his house to warm him,— and this
gave him ;ui occasion to note down the fol-
lowing rellection in the interest of temper-
ance :
" I there found a dcceiu looking yoinig woman,
his wife, with (i\e beautifid children, of whom the
father seemed uncommonly fond; ;ind though their
whole support, and in a manner their existence,
depended on his life and industry, yet such is his
love of grog that it would seem he would forsake
them and every other consideration in the world for
its sake; at le;ist, that he would not forsake it for
them."
I, A RoCHK.FOUlAAlI.D-Ll.^NCDlJKT. — (1795).
Francois- Alexandre- Frederic La Rochefou-
cauld- Liancourt, a French Duke, and a dis-
tinguished philanthropist, w.is born in 1747
.and died in 1S27. /\ faithful adherent of the
unfortunate Louis XVI, he was obliged to
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A SO/ ■!■/■:. \7A^ (!/■■ THF. ST. ! WVKFXCF Rn-FR.
cmiyiale. mi ilu- .ipiuoacli of tlu' I'loiicli
Krvi)lntioii, ,111(1 w.i^ sc\(.'ial years in luii,'lan(l
and Anu'rica. Ifi- returned to 1-' ranee under
the ('onsulue, and resumed the elTorts he
liad lornierly made for the iniproveinent of
aL;rieiilture and tlie industries. He was one
ol tlie chief promoters of vaccination in
!■ ranee, and look an active |iari in various
measures ot echu ation, benevolence and re-
form, holding; liii;!i |iosition^ in public and
social Hfe, and scattering seeiK of kindness
with i^enerouN hand. He lived to see the
truits of many s.ilutary measures that he was
active in promotini;. His son. I''rederick (1,,
who died in 186,5. was distinguished for his
literary iiuhlicalions.
The duke, after passing tliroinr], tlie coun-
try to Niagara, remained some time in L'pper
Can, id, 1, as the i,'uest of l,ieut.-( lov. Simcoe,
at New, irk, then the -eat of i^overnment of
tlie Upper i'rovince. I'rom thence he took
jiassa^e for KiuL^ston. on board the Onondaga,
one of the armed \-essels beloiiL^iii^ to the
liritish nav,d force on Lake ( )nlario, 'I'his
vessel was pierf;ed for twelve six-pounders,
but carried (jiily six. Il was employed in
carrying freight for the merchants, when the
jjublic service allowed. The passage was
usiuiUy performed in thirtv-si\ hours, being
sometimes ten or twelve hours, less or more,
according to the wind. .\t Kingston, he
hoped to receive from l.onl I )orcliester, the
governor-general, a pass .illowing him to ])ro-
ceed to Lower Canada. He was thus de-
tained there several days, .md finally received
a letter absolutely forbidding him from going
down the river. This m.ide it necessary for
him to cross over to Oswego, and proceed
from thence by water to New York. During
his sojourn at Kingston, the duke was alile to
obtain much information about ihe country,
and his record concerning ('arlton Island is
l):irticularly explicit. Of Kingston, he says :
" I'he biirr.icks .ire Iniiii on llip site of Fort Fron-
tfii.K-, which w:is biiill by the French .ind levclcil hy
Ihe Knjrlish. The laUer luiili these b.Trr.icks ahoiit
six years a^d. niirins the .\incriran war their
troDps were ronst.mtly in motion; and in later limes
lli"v wine i|narlered on an Island which the French
call Isle au.x Chevrcaux [Goat Island], and wliich ilie
laiulish h.ivf named C.ulhJn. after Lord Dor-
clieslei ."
In the conllii t of interests for st'ciiring the
seat of governmeni in Ipper Can.id.i, [,ord
Dorchester preferred Kingston, while Lieu
tenant-Ciovernor Simcoe insisted iipcui the ad-
v.mtages offered in the country beiwi'en Lakes
I'.rie and Ontario. .At the period when the
Duke visited Upiier Canada, the capital was
loiMteil at N'ew.irk; but the treaty of the pre-
vious year stipulated for the surrender of the
posts still held by the liritish on the .\meri-
cin shore, ,ind \'ork or Toronto was soon
after selected.
I'he trade of Kingston at this period con-
sisted cliietly of peltries from the Upper Lake
country, and in supplies brought up the river
from .Montreal. There were then three nier-
clianl ships on the lake, th.it m.ide eleven
voy.iges in a year. The town contained .iboiit
one hundred and twentv or ihirtv houses,
none more distinguished tli.m ilie rest, ,ind
Ihe only one conspic nous was the b,irr.irks, a
stone building surrounded hy a p.ilisade. .Ml
of the houses stood on the northern b.ink of
the bay, which stretched .1 mile farther ini.i
the country, while on the southern bank
were the buildings belonging to the navv, and
the dwellings of those connected with that de-
partment. There the King's ships lay at
anchor, apart from the (lort where the mer-
chant vessels landed.
The duke sjieaks kindly of the Rev. |olin
Stuart, curate of Kingston, ,1 n.iiive of ILir-
risburg, i'a., who sided with the' Lovalists of
the Revolution, and received a grant of 2,000
acres near Kingston, a ])art of which, about
seventy acres, he cultivated himself. .Vltliough
decidedly loy.il, he was still liberal in his
jiolitics — .1 man of much general information
— mild, open and .iffable, and universally re-
spected. There w.is then but one church in
Kingston, lalely built, and more resembling a
barn than a church.
Is.\ \c Wii.i), ]\!..
Mr. Weld was an Irish gentleman, who was
induced by politic al troubles to leave Iiel.iiid
in 1795, with the view of observing tlie on-
1 1
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/>/:M-A'//'/7()xs or nil-: riiovsAsn /s/..i.v/)s.
20t,
|>nrtunilies for si'ttlcincnt wliicli Aincrira
.iflordud. His " Travels Tlirouj;!) tlic States
ot North Aiiierica and tli<j Provinces of U|)i)er
and Lower Canada, in iJoS-fjfj-Qj," were
published in ([iiarto in 1799, and afterwards
in other editions in ICnglish and Frencli. We
find in this work an abundance of economical
antl statistical facts, an ardent ajipreciation of
the beauties of nature, and a candid picture
of social institutions and domestic life, that
(;ave it a permanent value.
Washington Irving — (1803-1853).
In the summer of 1803, Washington Irving,
then a youth of twenty years, made a journey
to Of^denshurj,', by way of the Mohawk and
Hla( k River Valleys, in company with the
families of some land-proprietors of St. Law-
rence county. From the High l''alls on Hlack
river (Lyon's Falls], they floated down on a
scow to the Long Fails | Carthage], consuming
two days on this voyage of foity-two miles,
tlie intervening night being spent in a humble
log cabin on the bank of the river, in Low-
ville. Soon after starting on the second day,
tiiey had an exciting chase of a deer swim-
ming the river, and finally secured it.
On reaching the foot of navigation, at the
beginning of the Long Falls, they found only
one public house, which was kept by a French-
man, the last survivor of the " Castorland
Colony," and of this he says :
" A dirtier house was never seen. We
dubbed it "I'he 'rem|)le of Dirt,' but con-
trived to have the venison cooked by a ser-
vant, and with crackers and gingerbread felt
• piite independent."' Before leaving ne.xt
morning, Irving wrote with a pencil over the
fire-i)lace the following verse:
" Here Sovereign Dirt erects lier sahle throne.
The house, the host, the hostess all lur own."
Some years after, Mr. Hotfman (who was
with Irving on this occasion) ])ut up at the
same house, in company witli Judge William
Cooper (father of J. I'enimore Cooper, the
novelist), and their attention being attracted
by the legend, the judge, who had seen too
mu( h of pioneer life to be over-nice about
trifles, wrote underneath :
l.p.irn licme, voiiii),' man, ami tcacli it to your sons,
The wisest way's to take it as it tomes. "
The remaining si.xty miles of Irving's
journey led through a wilderness along a
road newly cut, and in a vehicle drawn by
oxen.
Coming by railroad from Lake Champlain
to Ogdensbiirg, Irving says:
" Here we passed part of a day— a very iiUcreslinK
one to me. Fifty years had elapsed since I had vis-
ited tlic place in company witli a party of gcruU-men-
proprietors, wiili some ladies of their families. It
was then a wilderness, and we were i|nart('rcd in the
remains of an old French fort at the conthieiice o(
the Oswcgalchie and the St. Lawrence, ll was all a
scene of romance to me, for I was then a mere alrip-
hng, and everything was strange and full of poetry.
The lonntry was covered with forest; the Indians
still inhaliitcd some islands in the river, and prowled
about in their canoes. There were two young l.idies
of the party to sympatliize in my roinanlic feelitigs,
and we passed S(;:..e happy days here, exploring the
forests, or gliding in our canoe on the rivers.
" In luy present visit I found, with dilliculty, the
site of the old French fort, but all traces of it were
gone. I looked round on the surrounding country
and river. .Ml was changed. A iiopuloiis ciiv oc
cupied botli sides of the Oswegatdiie, great sleamcis
ploughed the St. Lawrence, the opposite f'auada
shore was studded with towns and villages. I sat
down on the river li.ink, where we used to embark
in our canoes, and thought on the two lovely girls
who used to navigate it with me, and tlie joyous
party who used to cheer us from the shore. .Ml had
passed away— all were dead! I was the sole sur-
vivor of that happy parly: and here I had returned,
after a lapse of lifty years, to sit down and meditate
on the mutability of all things, and to wonder that I
was still alive."
Mr. Irving lived about six years after this
journey, .ind died November 2S, 1859.
JoiiAN (licoRc Koiii, — (1854).
Of the numerous ([notations we have made,
there is not one more worthy of notice
than that of the distinguished traveller and
learned geographer, Johan (ieorg Kohl, Ph. I).
His voluminous publications, including travels
in every part of Middle and Nothern Europe,
and his admirable geographical memoirs (the
most valued of which by .\mericans is his
elaborate work on the Early Discoveries upon
the Coast of Maine), have been unifornily re-
ll
■
:o"
./ >(>r!7:.\7/c or rr/r sr i..nr/<i:.\\i. A'/iw-u.
i i
S^anii'd ,1-; |>ro(ln(tion=; nf lii^li amlioriiy, .i-<
llicy i.'\iiUiuly witc dI |irotiiiiiul rc'^eMfc h.
1 )r. K I ill 1 was liniii .il liri'iiicn in iSoS, and
was (.•(hi(:atf<l at ihc I'niver^itics of (idiimm'n,
lli'idulliini^li anil Munich. lie first stiidiiil
lau. i)nl turning Ills attonlion ti) arclKi'oiouical
and M icntific imrsuits, lie iicrhaps rciukui'd
the greater serviie to mankind. }l\^ work on
the Inllueiue of ('liinate upon Man, is one of
liarticiilar merit. 'I'his writer returned home
from America in 1S5S, ami <lie(l October .;S,
iS;^. His sister, Madame Ida Kohl, was the
author of several hook^of European travel.
Dr. Kohl's full and inlelligihle ilescriiilion
of the Islantls, is enlivened l)y a poetic senti-
ment, and by legendary associations that in-
dicate a mind keenly ali\e to the beauties of
nature, as well as thoroughly trained in the
field of historical iiKpiiry. His des< ription of
this region is as follows:
"Tlic iiiidillc of lli.nt poriidii of llic Si. L.iwri mt'.
wliicli,.!'' I havi'sjid, was forinii Iv ( allrcl ( '.UciLiiiui.
lias become. I scarcely know wliy, the chief ceiilie of
irallic for this pan of the coiMiliy. The two most
imporianl (owns of ilic disirict here lie opposite one
another, I'rescoll on Ihe (".inadi.in side, and Oudens-
hurg on the .Xmetican. Railroads from llie interior
lerminale at holli places, and there is therefore, a
>;reat deal of life and bustle on the water. The St.
Lawrence is rather narrower at ihis point, and
nowhere can .i coiiiparison be made more con-
venientlj- between a (Canadian and an American
town. Prescott exhibits much darker hues llian
Ogdcnshiirjjh, where all looks briKhler and pleasanler;
the houses of the former are built in solid style of
^rev stone, and the same bnildin;.' material thai has
served for Montreal. The .Xnieiicans have a passion
for white and f;reen houses, and plant willows and
other elegant trees lietween them, and the ( ontrast
might be continued to many other particulars were
it worth while. You lia\e t)cfore yon at once a
picture of Ihe ' old country." and one of the ipiite new.
"Ogdensburu is the capil.d of the tract of laiul
that I have described a chapter or two back; some
miles beyond it lies another prelly river port. Urock
ville, and then again some miles furlh<r begins ihe
celebrated ' [,ake of .1 Thousand Islands; ' but to
li ive a clear idea of the origin and lontiguration of
this lake, you must begin at Lake Ontario.
'■ Lake Ontario forms on its western side a regu-
larly drawn oval, with smoothly cm shores, and no
considerable islands or ;ippcndages. On ihe north-
eastern ^\i\c, however, where its waters have broken
through the obstacles that opposed llieir progress, ils
hilheilo liroail. 'Jiiinolh e\pan.;e is broken up .inioug
uunieions isl.nnjs .ind peninsul.is.
"Kiist icirnis ilie l.iige peniiisnl.i of I'lince I'.d.
w.iid, then Duck Isl.md, ,ind sever.il others, as well
as long gulfs, ba\s and islets, breaking the land
iii;hl and left. Then near Kingston, you have the
(lieu Wolfe Island, .\mhersl Isl.ind. and others —
luiiuid m;i>-'*isuf l.md that the watei could not over-
come, 01 possibly which rose ;ibove the suiface when
the ( )ntario subsided into its pieseni bed. .\l length,
beyond Wolfe Island, the lake contracts to ;i bre;iillh
of si\ or seven miles, and here begins the ' Lake of
the Thousand Islands.' These islands arc. as the
name indicates, extraordinarily numerous, and ihe
w;uer is split up into a ( oriesponding number of
channels, but at lenglli the rivei develops itself
au'aiii out of the lal)yrinth. for .1 distance of ihirly
miles, reckoning from Kingston, the waters contract
more and more, hollow out a deeper and deeper
channel, and wear away mf)re and more of the
islands, which graduallv become less numerous,
and cease entirely about a mile above Urockville.
The current now becomes stronger, the two shores
appear, the like disappears, and the river l.ikes its
place; but this is for an\ one coming down the river;
we were pursuing an opposite course.
"The name of the locality, 'Thousand Islands,'
w.is probably bestowed by Ihe lesuits. or the celc-
br.ited (anailian traveller. Champlain, who was ihc
first discoverer of Lake Ontario. The number o(
the islands is, of course, only guessed at. Some
make them i.vx), and some as manv as Jnoo, as
there perhaps may be, if they bestow the name of
island on each separ.ite bit of rock that sticks out
of the w.iier. or every reef or sand liar that lies iusi
under it.
" Half of these islands lie along the American
shore, tlu' rest nearer lo r;inada. and the frontier
line has been drawn between the two. ;ind the chan-
nel for steamers keeps prellv closely to that line.
The whole scene is renowned as interesting and pic-
lures((ue. both in the I'nited States and Canada, and
parties of pleasure, picnics, and sporting excursions
are made 10 it both from Kingston and Hrockville.
People hire one of the elegant yachts or boats built
at Kingston, and sail about wiili their friends from
island to island, dine, camp under the trees, shoot
the water fowl, lish, and am se themselves in many
ways. Many remain for days logcthcr. for the tours
among these countless islands have something of the
charm of discovery. One of ihe party, perhaps, de-
clares he knows of an island that has never been
visited : another lells of a deep, wooded bay, in
whose clear, calm waters no one has vet tried to
anchor.
■' We reached the hrsl of the islands, a little above
Urorkville, and soon found ourselves surrounded by
ihi'ni ; sometimes lying in a long string, like a row of
/'/•;
h'/r r/iKXs ()/■■ /■///■: /va '/■>,/. w /s/.i\/>s.
J' ■?
i
lie, ids. siiiiirtiiiK's llini^' |>i'll iiR'll l'>^('|lK'r in .1 liiap.
Si.inc MIC l.iigr aii'l rcivciiil willi (hick woods; all
li cvi- llci'S ;llld till ic ;\li' siiiiu --o sllKllI tiKII lllcv
li.ivc i)nl\ iiisl room lor our Inc or ;i Imsli Tln'rc
Is .111 iiiliiiilL v.ii iiu ill lilt niouiiinn of iIk' Irurs, loo,
sonic briiiH );.illn'iiil iiilo soi ial [larlii'S, sonic liviiijj
as solitary licriiiits, so llial pcipclually new coiiilii-
n.ilioiis arc formed in llic scciuiy. Some of llic
isl.inds arc just liarcly liiddiii niidcr a thin covcrinn
of moss anil oilier vc<;i'laiion, and somctiincs ilic
rusial w.ilci is llowinn ovci ,1 mass of naked locks
lli.it il iKiiely covers.
" The foiindalioil of all llicse isl.iiids I lielicvc lo
l>" ^i.inilr. and in );eiicral llicy arc not liiuli, llioii^li
pii iiiMsi|iii' pedestals are alloriUnl for the Irci s liy
liinks of Iweiily Icet deep. The hiiyer have lulls
,111 I valli'ys. and aralilc Ininl eiioiiyli to he woilli
Ciillivallnn, tlioiiyh hitlierlo little li.is hecii ohiaincd
fioui llicm hcsides jjanic, lisli ,ind wood. Villages
till re aie none, .iiid only a few scaltcrcil dwellings or
sli.iiilies for siioil-iincn, wood-ciillcrs, and Inmhcr-
imii, wilh .1 few meclianical contrivances, such as
aie seen on the Ottawa, for the collecting and trans-
poiliiii; of llie felled trees. I'hc islands all have
owneis, hill .Is everywhere ill .America wlicie l.iiid.
wood .iiid w.iter ii'iiiain iiiisellled, they have been to
some cxic 111 invaded hy sc|tialtcis, whose huts we
saw lure and lliere on the shores, and the owners
seldom oliir any ohjeclion. as iliey consider that
these [leople hel|> lo rcilaini the land, and make
s.iiiic steps towards its ciiliivalion.
• ilie liesi lime to visit the islands is in spring and
ill ilie e.irly sunimei. for then the liees .iiul sliriilis
.lie frayiant from every cliU; the woods aie full of
liirds and v.iiious animals; ;iiul sometimes when the
air is very hot, the w.iter is so delicionsly cool ;ind
fresh, that it is a ilelight to plunge into it. Hut in
l!ie colli autumn day when 1 visited the lake, the
w.iler is less attr;ictivc. (Joetlie's fisherman could
only have been enchanted liy the Nixie on ;i w;irm
siiminei's evening.
"The autumn is, however, the loveliest lime for
one of the grealest ;illr.iclions of llie islands, and the
green, red, yellow, brown and golden le.if;ige was
heautifiilly mirrored in the clear w;iier liemalh.
Some of the islands, when the suiihe.ims fell on
them, seemed quile to ll.ime. and, in fact, this does
somclimes happen in more than .1 metaphoi iral sense,
and the burning woods produce, ii is said. :i most iiiag-
iiilicent spectacle. If voii chance to be passing in a
steamer, you may enjoy ihe sight nearer and more
conveniently lh;in ;i simihir scene elsewhere, as the
inlervenin water reiulers it safe. The boats there
run very close in shore and tl» p;isscngers can look
deeply into the recesses of the blazing woods, ;ind vet
remain in secii;ity. I was told this by .1 genllemaii
who hid enjoyed the sight; and ;iiiotliei . who no-
ticed the interest I took in these riiousand Ishuids,
mentioned some further p.iiliculais. In his \oulh.
he s,iid, they were inhabited by liidi;ins, lemn.ints of
the Iroipiois, in Six .N'.ilions, to whom the whole
north of the Sl.ite of .Sew \'oik belonged. These
isl.inders weie iiiUed .\Iississ;igna, ,1 n.iine tli;il still
occurs in various localities on the St. Lawrence;
iheir chief resided on one of the piincip:il islands,
.Old the rest of the tribe was sc.itleied ;ibout on the
others, in birch huts or leiils. I hcii c.inoes were ol
the s.inie material, and with these ihe\ used lo glide
softly over the water, ;tnd, in the numerous little
b;iys, or arms of the river, surprise the lish, which,
h.iving never been disturbed b\' noisy sle.imers, tilled
the waters in ( oiinlless abundance. The birds and
other game were eipially plenliful in the woods, hut
now, when greedy sipiatlers ;iiid sportsmen, with
guns, h;ive exhausted the district, the islands are
conip.iralivcly devoid of .inim.il life.
'It was the practice among the Mississaguas, at
certain limes of the ye;ir, to le.ne the isl.inds 10 their
young peopl ;ind iii.ike greal hunting ex|>edilions
northward .. o the interior of Caii.ida, and soiiili-
w,ird into New York .My inform.int had visited
theni once when he was a young in. in, ;ind being
hospitably received, had aflcrw.ods r(pe:iled his
visits, made aci|u;iintances and fmiids :inioiig Iheiii,
lived Willi them for weeks, .ind sh;iiei! the joys and
sorrows of the hniiler's life, (bice when he had
been on a journev to Niagaia and ihe west, .mil had
been a long time;ibsent, he could not desist when he
passed the Thousand Islands on his iciiii n to his ii;i
tive town, lirock\ille, from ni;iking a call \i\ the wav
on his .\Iississ.igu;i friends. They lecogni/ed him
i III mediately, gave him the warmest reception, and car
ried him on their shouldeis to their chief, who made
a gre.it feast in his honor, ;ind canoes full of Indi.ins
c;ime gliding in ciowds from the islands to see and
welcome him. lli' had lo pass the night ;imong
them ; the sipiiiws pripared his com h, ;ind two of
the Indians insisted on serving him as ;i giuird ol
honor ;il his lent door, where they camped out ;ind
kept the lire. ' 1 was almost moved lo tears myself,
sir, oil seeing my half-s;ivage friends again. Helieve
me, it is a r.ice very susceptible lo kindness, lluuigli
at the same time certainly very levengcfiil foi iiiin-
ries. They never forget their fiieiids, but an veiv
terrible and even treacherous against their enemies.
We li:ivc very erroneous notions of the Indians. We
call them poor ;ind miserable, bui tliev appear (piite
otherwise to themselves. 'They are proud of llicii
prowess and animal daring, and of the performances
of iheir forefathers. In fact, they think themselves
the first r;tce in creation.'
" '.Xre there now any remains of these proud peo-
ple on the islands ?'
'• ' No. Tlicy h;ive been scattered like the chafl";
Iheir lisheiies and llicir hiinling bcc.ime continually
less productive : the villages and lownsof the whiles
j
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>;rfw ii|i .irciiitnl iIk in . llirv In j;.iii In Ire I ilu pirs
siuf of want , tin ii i.irc dliil .iway liki' llif li^li in
llic'ir walfts, aii'l at Kim the fi'W wIid rciniincil, at-
ci'|>U'(l a {iii>|>(»al of till' ^1 1 vein men t, tliaulx \ slinnlij
I'Xc han;^i' llic '«' islaiuls fot a iiioic rcniolt lialiitallon
— I ill) nol ni\M-ll know ixaclly wlii'ir.' "
\Vi: ail' iicic aliU' U) sii|p|ily xiiiif iiifoiiii:!-
lion \vlii( li our author luul iiol tlic niniorluiiity
to oliiain :
Hcforc the viar iSjd, ilicsc Iniliaii'^ wtii pa^ians.
wamltriii;; aliont in lln' ticinlilpoiliood of Hcllrvillr,
Kin^stnn anil (ianandiint'. ami (,iinin;;a |iit'i aiioiis
living li\' liiintitii; ami tisliinij, Tliry ilaiintJ llii'
lltlf to a latH'' 'i'"-"t north t)f the river, ami the islamis
as far ilowii as I'tcscotl. Hilow thai |ilacc- the St.
Rujjis Indians claimctl, and lliisc have ncvtr ccdid
to the government their right to the islands.
In lS2(i-7, between two and threi' hiindud of these
" Mississauiias of the Hay of (jiiinle." as they were
called, or more pioiKrly the I'aylc haixlof the ("hip-
pewas, were induced lo settle on tirape Island in the
Hav of (hiinie, aliout six mile> from lielhville,
wheie a Wesleyaii Melhoilisi Mission was estab-
lished, schools opened, ,ind the simpler arts of civil-
ized life bej;aii to be introduced. I'mler kind and
^jentli treatment they made much projjress, and
bejiaii lo pi, ml and impinve their homes with eom-
inemhihle zed. .\fli r living eleven years on the
island, llie\ ^.ive up their improvements, to be sold
for their 111 rietil, and lenioved to .■Mnwick, in the
coiiiily of .Northumberland, eighteen miles from Co-
burg, and ten from Hastings, where a location of
2,<HK) acres was secureil to them by Sir John Col-
burn, and laid out into farms of twenty live acres
each. Nine years after this removal, a report showeil
ill. It their --etileiMeiii had thirty-six dwellings, of
which twenty-iwo were framed buildings and the
rest of logs. They had from 360 to 400 ,icrcs eleareil,
and h.id a populalinn of 233.
Many years ago they ceded to the government
their lands in Newcastle, Midland and lohnsiown
districts, aiiJ in iSsd they relimpiished the inanage-
tiient of their property in the islands, reserving what
ever rents or profits might lesull llieiefrom. This
trust is manageil by the Indian iMatich of the l)e
partineni of the Interior, at Ottawa. The report fot
the year ending lime 30, 1S7S, gave the capital of
their account as ^3i ,4i>3,'^il — their revenue as
*5,(i;9.o8, chietly from interest, and the expenditures
a< •'!<4,2f4.f)(j, chiellv in distribution li> those entitled.
.'several of the larger islands were granted, or
leased for long periods, a century or so since, and
some of the smaller ones are held under Indian
titles by residents up.in lliem, or the owners of lands
opposite.
In the map of the Canadian islands prepared by
Mr. L'liwin, under date of June 14, 1373, upon a
sc.ile ol ten ch,iiii'< lo the inch, names 01 luimliMs
,ire .ipplied to all of them, 3)S in number. I'liey .iie
divided among four ,igencies for siipei vision. Kv
f.ir the gieatei niiinber of these islands are still
wholly 111101 I iipied, and in a sl.ite of nature, except
as the tinibur h,is been ilespoiUd by iinaiilhori/.ed
person^ for pleasiiie ui piohi, 01 .is dcstrovt d by
lllls.
\\\ will How resume the ii.irrative ol Dr.
Kolil. on his voy.i^e ainoiij; tlie isl.iiuls:
'• The oiiU living being that appeared very com-
iiHPil lieie now was the bird the laiglish c.ill the
loon. It is a w.iler lowl .is large as a goose, with a
very thick head and long beak; its color black, with
while spots on llie wings. This large biid w,is
swiinming about everywhere among the islamis. and
It was curious to see how exactly similar was the im-
pulse of inslinci in the niiineroiis specimens thai we
met in the course of thirty miles. .\s long as our
bo.ii coniiiiiied pretty f.ir oil', lliev swam ipiiellv .ibout
on the gl.issy water, allending onlv to their own
.illairs, and busy in catching insects or lish; but as
soon as we came within 31H) yards, they shot up into
the ,(ir, with their long necks stretched mil, and toll-
ing about their still longer heads, so as lo look .it us
timidly, now with the right, and now with the left,
eye. In the second slate of their fear, lliis anxious
movement was commimicaled to their whole bodv,
and they steered alternately light .ind left, ami at
1,1st llewsiiaight on before us. but when they noticeil
that our winged sleaiii monster w.is soon ag.iiii
within a liimdred y.irds or so. they seemed fairlv lo
give it up, - lolled their heads about a little more,
and then threw a soinersaull, and went down heels
over head in the w.iier and disappeared. All these
motions weri' repiated by every individual as exactly
,is if they had been previously agreed upon.
"These 'loons,' the ' winteigreeiis,' and the
numerous wMlch-toweis among the islands, weie the
only objects that altracled my alU nlioii. This win-
lergreen, or pyrola, is a low plant or bush, that does
nol at all. at least in the autumn, correspond with
its name, for it looked blood-red, and covered the
ground under the trees wiili a red carpet. Some-
times i! ran as a border round the isl.inds, and then
the groups of trees seemed to be enclosed in a wreath
of red Mowers, as I li.ive seen them in an I'nglish
park. The light-houses, too, tended to convey the
impression that we were not upon the mighty St.
Lawrence, but on the arlihcial waters of some pleas-
ure ground, — for they were elegant white buildings,
like pavilions, or kiosks, sometimes hidden in a
grove, sometimes rising from a little island or prom
ontorv. They are nuinerous, and of course very
necessary, as the winding waterv channel is con-
tinually changing its direction in this labyrinth of
Islands,
I
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J)i:SCRII'TIO.\S (>/■- /■///. /7/(>l S.l.\7) /,N/. /.W'.V
M I
" My (k'yiics — :iflrr yon have liicakfas(oil oiicc.
ami Ii.kI one diiiiu'i — llii' j^aiduii conies lo an iikI,
and you cnicryt' upon the opiii liiUl — thai is Id sav
llie Ijroad watt-i, and ilic appmacli of llic Unlaiio
and llif cily of Kingslon is aiinoiun td. "
iiK.\>ON J. l.ii>>lNt,. — (1X50-1860).
'['his wcll-kiiowii liistinical writer lias many
allusions to tiic uiipir Si. I.auiciu c, and llic
events witii whicii they aie assoi iateil. \V hile
collecting materials tor his " I'iciorial l''ielil-
Mook of the Revolution, " he [lassid up the
river by steamer, in the summer of 1.S50, and
thus records his impn-ssious ni" the s( emrv :
'■ A calm, swciilv consunanl with ideas of .S.il.-
li.uh rest, was upon tlie main, the Island-., and tin-
livci, .uid all the day loufi nut a liicatli of .lii tip-
pled the silent-llowiiiK, hut iiii:litv St l.awieinc.
We passed the nioiniiif: in altiiiiaich viiuin.; tlu'
ever-cli.miiinK scene as our \essel sped low.irds On-
tario, and in perusiii!.; Hui ke's ' ICssay on the Suh-
limc and Heauliful.' I nevn re.id tli.it chariuiui;
production with so much plc.i'-uie as then, feu illus-
ti.Uive esamples will' on every siiU . .\nd wlien.
towards noon, our 1 onise was anion;; the Thous.iud
Islands, the propriety of the stars as an example, li\
their niiniber and confusion, of the c.iuse of the ide.i
of snhliniily, was forcibly illnsir.ited. 'The appa-
rent disorder.' he says, ' aunnieiits the jjraiuliiii . fm
the appeaiance of care is liiy;lily coiiliaiy to our idii
of nia^jniticem e.' So with these Islands. Thex till
the St. Lawrence Ihrouyli nearly foity miles of its
couise, comnienciiii; directly opposite the city of
Kingston, and v.iiying in si/,e from a few vards to
eighteen miles in lenyth. Some are mere syeiiilii:
locks, heariili; sullicient alluvinni lo produce cedar,
spruce and pine shrubs, which seldom jjrow lo the
dii;nity of a irce; wliile others were be.iulifulh
friii)jed with liixuri.inl yrass and shaded by lofi\
trees. .\ few of the larfjei .ire inhaliiled and cnlli-
v.iteil Tlier'-' are twelve huiulied and tweiitv -.rvi 11
III iinmbir. \'iewed sepai.ilely, they piesent nothiii!;
remarkable, but scattered, as ihev aie, ■-o profusely
.iiid ill such disorder, ovei the liosoiii 01 the liver,
their features consl.inll> cIkiiihiii;^ a-, we iii.ide 0111
raiiid w.iy anionn them, an idea of maiiiiiticence and
sublimity involuntarily possessed the mind, and
wooed our ailenlion from the tuition of books to
that of N.iluie. "
.Again, ten yeais later, while jireparing his
" I'ield-liook of the W.ir of iSii,"in referring
to the Islands, he says :
This uroup of Islands, lyinj; in the St L.i
iiuiiilii.i more than liflii-n liuiidnil. .\ lewol iliein
.111- i.iiye .mil culiiv.iied. lull ;iiii-.| of llieiii .lie lueie
loiky islets, covered ifeiiii.illy will, stunted heiil-
liK U- and ced.ir trees, wliicli eMeiid lo the water's
ediic. Some of them com, 1111 .111 .11 ii of only a few
sipLire y.irds, while others puseiii iii.iny siiperlicial
Sipiare miles. ( '.luoes .ind siii.ill bo.its may pass in
safety .iiiionjj all of tlieiu, .mil tliire is a deep chaii
iiel liii steamboats and other l.iini- vessels, which
iievei vaiie^ in depth and position, the liotlom belli;;
loiky The St. I.awience here v.uies fioiii two to
iiiiii- miles in width. The lioiiiid.uy -line between
the I'uited States and Canad.i passes anions; tluui.
It was iletermiiud ill iSlS. The l.irKcst of the
Islands aie (iraiid and Howe, beloiiniim to Canad.i.
and Carlton, (iiiudstone and Wells beloniiiii;; lo the
fiiiiid St.iies. They li.ive been the the.itic of many
historic scenes and legendary tales diiriu); dining two
cinliiries and .i half."
jiil NM.S 111' rill'. I'klNi 1; (If W.M 1.^. — (1860.)
In 1860, the I'rinie of Wales (knoxvn in the
I'nileil .St, lies as I'l.iron Renfrew), accomp.i-
iiied by His Cir.ue, the Duke o'" Newcastle,
Secretar\ of Stale for the Colonies ; the M.irl
of St. ("lerin.iins, Siew.ird lo the (^hieen's
Miiitsehold ; Maior-Cieneral llntce, (Imer-
nor to the Prime ; Dr. .\ckland, llie
I'rim e's I'hysician ; .Major 'I'eesdale and
Cipiain (irey, tlie I'rime's Ivpierries, and Mr.
I'.ngleherst, private secret.iry to the Diike ol
.Xewcastle, tr.i\elled through portions of the
I'nited States and Canada. He was every-
where received by the oflicials of both coun-
tries with the honors due to his rank. Ilesides
those properly belongim^ to his suite were
several correspondents of iiewsp:t]iers, wjio
kept the public informed of the iiK idents of
the iourney, .iiid several books were soon after
published, giving these in a collei led form.
We jiri'sent extracts from two of these works,
one bv a corresiiondent of the Nev \'ork
Her.ild, .md the other by the writer represent-
ing the London limes. The i'rim e, after
V isiting Lower (.'anada, proceeiled to < iltaw.i,
and laid the corner stone of the new I'.irli.i-
inenl luiildings, of what h.is siiu e become the
Dominion Cnu eminent. I'"rom ihere he pro-
( eeded to ibockvi
where he look passage
on boaril the ste.uiu r Kingston, and passe
d
rence, just below ihr fool of Lake Oiit.ii io, Mil th.ii through this part of ihe St. Lawienceon the
It
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loi Ihiitv sc
iiiles .ilong its ciuiise, and
if September, i860.
n
// SOl/Vi:XlR OF TIIF. ST. LAW k'FXCi: AV / 7;A'.
l!Ki
ll f \
At Kui,i;>luii, till ( )r,ii)gciiKii had [ircparcd
to join in tlic reception of tlie Prince, in their
regalia, justifying themselves in tliis by alleg-
ing that the Catholics in Lower Canada had
been rccogiii/ed iiimhi similar occasions, '{"he
Duke of Newcastle addressed a letter to the
( it\- oftuials, re([iiesting them to i)revent these
|i.iriisan demonstrations, but neither party ap-
peared '.villing to yield; and, after waiting
nearly a day, the steamer proieeded on its
way up the bay without landing. At Belle-
ville a similar event happened, and at Toronto
a serious misunderstanding arose from like
causes.
Ri.ii'.piioN ()i- rill" I'ki.m r. lu Walks, as Dk-
>( UllUI) \'.\ KiNAIlAN CoRNWAll.IS, CoK-
ui:si'()Niu:n r ui- lui. N'kw Yokk Hkrald.
The letters of this writer were afterwards
collected in book form. The party arrived at
the railway stati(jn by the (irand Trunk Rail-
way, where our extract begins:
" At twenty iniiuUes to eight, tlic train entered
HrDiUvillc; tlierc tin: greatest cioivd that Mroekville
cVL-i yatlicrc'il was >ccii .it the rail- y station.
"On stcppinj; oil tlic |ilatforin. llir clicerini; prc-
vt'iUcil anylhini^ else being hcaril for seveial inin-
lUes; luit when this tuirst of joy anil welcome hail
siil)sidcd, the Mayor of tlie town, accompanied hy
sever.il inenibers of the ("oinriion rnmuil, advanced
and read an address, to wliiili Ilis Royal Highness
replied. The ['rince was conducted to his carriage,
in wliich lie took his seat beside the (jovernor-tii.ii-
eral. with IlisGr.iie tlie Duke of Newcastle on .iic
opposite seat. A torch lit;ht proiession of the fire-
men and others was in waiting, and a general illu-
mination had the elTect, in the midst of the trinmpiial
arches and other evergreen and lloral decorations, of
lending .\ species of fa''v enchantment to the siene,
whirli was one of the prettiest I havi' ever seen — far
more so ih.in that of the great jap.mese Hall. I'lie
daming torches in the background, the exploding
rockets high above, the l)rillianHranspar( neies span
ning the streets, the C'hinese hiiueriis swinging from
roofs, .\nc| windows, and arches, the disiaru bonlires,
the ringing church bells, and tlie ringing cheers,
combined to make a spectacle as hrlUianl as it was
exciting. The procession then moved forw.ird
Inwards the steamer Kingston at the wharf, — the lire-
inen and other torch-bearers following in the 'ear,
,ind were sainted with hieworks ih.it lent a terriblv
lurid aspect lo the wIkjIc, at every point of their pro-
gress.
"The display was highly creditable lo the towns-
people, manv of whom, howcvei . unit huine very
much dis.ippoinled ,U having been iin.ilile lo catch a
glimpse of the royal visitoi.
■'On the ne\t morning, the Prime appeared on
the ste. liner's deck .U niiU' o'l lock, and being recog-
iii/^ed by those on shore-, there \v. is gre.it clu'cring.
The steamer being amhored a short dist.ince mid-
stream, was surrouiiiled by mimerous boats tilled
with those eager to see him. .\l .i(|uaiter to eleven,
he gratified a general wisli by coming ashore in a
small boat, and driving through the principal streets
of the town. .Ml the iisources i,l" the |)lace were
taxed to provide carri.!:;es fni the par!\'. and with
loleialile success, although there was a great want
of uniformity in the si/.e. color and shape of the
vehicles anil horses enlisied in the service. The
Prince took his pi. ice in an open c.irriaL;e liy the side
of the (iovernoi-t ieiier.il. while the Duke of New-
castle and Eail of St. (ierm.iius sal uppnsite. Lord
Lyons and the suite followed in Sep. irate carriages.
The --'treets were \erv dusiv, nwing parti/ to the
crowd thai r.in alongside .iiid before and behind the
Prince's c.irriage, which was yu.nded by the police-
men, one al either side, armed wiih batons. The
royal p.irly had lo keep their eyes shut for a wliile,
but afterward the clouds diminislied, both in volume
and density. The diive l.isled .ibniil half an hour.
" .\l twenty miniiles p.isi twelve, thi' Kingston
sle.imed away, and in i few iniiiutes aflerw.iril was
pursuing her course .iiii hil; tin- riious.iiid Isl.mds.
"The weather w.is lot luiiaielv warm and siinnv,
and the granite island- weie seen to grfat adv.ml.igi .
'I'here ii.uure appeared to li.ive f.iieifully prepared a
gr.nid prns. enium lo feast the li.ivelleis' eyes, for
nothing could h.ive exceeded in siii;^rul.irily the
scene th.it presented itself 'I'he mighty Si. L.iw-
rence — the ' Iro'iuois' of ilie led in.oi -here, in ages
long elapsed, urged ils m \i i| w.Ueis, before pent
up in the vist inland b,isiu nf Noilh America.
against ih.il poition nl the primitive barrier which
visibly extends fioin the gr.iiiHe inounl.iins of the
east over to ihe dividing lidiie lutween the wild
regions of Hudson's H.iy .iinl the tiibni.iry wateis of
the ()ll.iwa and St I..iwrence ; .ind, here, by some
tremendous ell'ort, whii h h.is ividenilv shaken the
whole eoniurv from King-ion, M the eastern exirem
ity of l.,ike • )iit.o io, lo the othei s|.|e of ihe region
through which the gianile ridge puisnes us north-
westerly course, the river has at one time rushed
over a sheet of cascades and r.ipids miles in lireadlh,
linl wliiih h.ive long dis.ippeaied under the wealing
inthience of time. Island sueceeded Island, group
succeeded gioiip, till the eye almosi wearied of ihe
succession. .\Ios| of these were lieaulifnllv wooded,
.ind in.iiiy of ihein so low and Hit as to suggest id
the mind ihe liampiil prospect of an Italian l.iyoon.
Othi'rs ag.lin were splii and rent into .1 v.iriely of
fantastic forms, foimiiig views nl iieculi.ir wildness.
I
/>/:SlA'//'//(>\> ('/■' IHI-: IllOi SAM) isi.A\n>.
A turn ill tin ili.uiiiil .lisclosL'cl a iiiw laliyiiiitli, autumnal sky, ami tlii> sliei t nf u.itii icIUlIkJ tlie
wliilf we |pavstil iiiuli r a il.irU wall of rotk, coatfd forms of an assenibla«e of islits of llie most pic-
vvilli moss ami liilir'iis
that liail likely llourislicd tiiiisi|ui', clivcrsilicd ami iiivitinj; aspect; licre a
there- for tiern rations, and fioni whose bare and rug- naked crag, there a rnajesiic l)ou(|uel yonder a
ired top the hoarv fir lifted its
soni
tire head. Further
of trees, or a perfect island supporting
in, .1 liLihtdioiise >.io(id
tliii , siill another. All
[perched (111 .1 rock, .ind fur- solitary stem. Sucli
IPI'.V
Mifusiou, su( li an in-
cei 11 lean
siinsiiiiie ov
w.is siill ,111(1 Uimdy - tlie discriminati! sprinkling of all shapes and si/es and
v.iult ahiive, the traiKpiil tide below — the varieties of veu'eialidii, was uuiiine in the extreme.
" .As we neaied Kinti'-lon, after leaviiiji Hrock-
ev all. Was the poetry of the scene felt
by that fairyouuij m.iii «a/.in;; so calmly, so
fullv upon i
I from the
thou;.dit- ville, the cbannel liy which we had advanced, and
of that steamer, over which w.is fonued li\- l.oiiir Island, on the borders
i-jiich ilie liili tiuis of a Prince of Wales' standard of which were
islets, and bv tli
iland.
til
Mil I'. Mil !.■ i\ \C \l: I I llMl^l. \l N\lll.\l I.UIlH.I, .\. ■, .
tl.iiiiilid 111 the --uu " II 1 W'W .1 nnvelisi, 1 wciuM ritl-.l,in.^li .lud Is iiiu;s|nii, i^i.idii.illv widened. These
sa>. '^es.' U'.iv well wci.idecl, .itid llie I,u>:i i .me di^elosi'd
"TIku anoihei f.iiiv phliin' pre>.enled il-eif in sever. il neat farms."
proves, grow iiii;, :is ii wm , out of the w.ilei. and
seeminn to b.ir our liiilliei pinyie^s, till suddenly 'IllK 'I'lli H -^ A \ 1 1 isi.wii^ \s I )l':sckl HID l!Y
the sylv.in cuil.iin w.i- wiihdi,iwn, and llie eye w.iiul >^- \ W,i,i|), ( i lU Ul' si'i i\i iK \ 1' in i ill'
eied over a wide sweep of w.iter, dotted llere and i . .,, i- i i,
Iheie with ,1 lew sin. ill ro' k->. .in I boiinded liy the
emilevs loie-i of the iii.iiul.iiiil. Inwiis ind villages .\lier iiieas;iiuly (liscoiirsinff (if tlic lapids of
uere iiieaiiw'
hill
loiielv lisherm.in w
.issed on eiiliei NJKire. and once a
is seen |ir,icticing his gentle ail
small
k'dioal.
Till
ill Is enlended llu'
whole w
av linm Hill, kville lo Is iiii,'-.liiii. but the
tlte lower St, L.twrence whiili a|i]Harcil after
ill to he not \iiy ditticiilt to dcscoiul, and no
;re,it altair, nolwitlistandinii all that had bi'cn
niosi cniiip.ii 1 ( lusin vv.isseenin fi
fioiii of Alesamlri,! ^''''I <>• '''I'ir 'iwl'iil i;randciir, he remarks
Ha
lleie th
e \ lew W.IS exiiuisite.
Thi
iguage is dreadful guide book I
leresv, ol
panse of livei |epo^ed, iiiliioi like, beneath the I idi loiiise, but the worst is \et to come, ("anaili.iiis lei
214
/ si'r/7 \"/A' ('/ Till- ST I iwRiwi. ki\'i:r.
yoii llial if llicic 1- .iiiviliiii),' bctU'i wmili scciiiL: ll^ii
lllr ia|)i(Js, it i". Ilif Tll()ll^.llld Islaiiil>, wliii li dcii llir
surface dI llie St. I.auiiiKo just wlurc l„iUf ()iitario
.iiul the river romnuiice. Ilcic, \m\ .iic tolil \\w
lii'li (;raii(l<-ui of tllr lliul-nii. the liiMii iaiice of tlif
liiisplioi 11-. ilif wild, stiin iii,ii;iiiliccni 1 of tlu' S.iyii-
cnay, and. for aiii;lii you licir to llic coiili.iry llu-
llowinn licauly of tlie l'ii|)lirates iii spiiiiL;. mav .dl In'
lllll wiili.
" It is a tiyiii^ tliiiif; to have to rnnicud af;ain-i
siii'li notions: lllll It an iiulividii.il o|>inion is woitli
auytliinn, I must iiiiln'-il,itinylv L;ivi! nunc, iliat tlii'se
Tlioiisaiid I-LukN .in- in tlicii iva\ a drln-ion .md a
snare, and will .is ininli liear comparison witli llie
Hudson or the S.iyiienay. or the Hosplioriis. as ilie
Thames below Hlackwall. Take slips of the l-le of
Dojjs of all -i/es, from an i-l,ind as laiye as a foot-
stool, up to ton or twelve acres; plant the l.irnei ones
witli stunted lirs; strew the little ones over with
broken stones as if they weie about to be luaiada-
mi/.ed, put them near the snif.ic e of the w.iiir in a
niech.iuical dis.iiraii>;ing confusion without pie
turesipieness, and number without v.iiietv, iiiiai;ine
them choking the liij;hw,i\ of a noble riv<i, and you
can fancy yourself on the St. L.twri iice, .iiid in the
middle of the f.ii-f.iiiied I Imusand l-les."
ll aiipeais. a few jiaj^cs further on, that the
writer of tlie al)ove extract, tnok the r.iilro.nl
from llrnikvilK- tn Kiiiusiun. nor Woes it .mv-
where ainie.ir that he saw the ri\er at any
point between these two phK os. llisreti|ie
for in. iking '" 'riioiisand IsUinds." will, tluMc-
fore, very iirobahly lie < l.issed with llie pre-
scriptions of tile ijiKK k. who inii;iit lei omtnend
an untried remedy for a patient lie iiad never
seen.
To iietter api'reciate liis brilliant comiiari-
son, we should remember that this Isle nf
l)(),i;s lies in .1 bend in the 'I'hames, within
five miles of St. ['.nils Cluirt h, London. It
consists of some 600 acres, and a part of i\ cov-
ered with sieam-fictories, chain-cable i\orks
and other establishments iiu ident to the com-
merce antl industries of the great metropolis,
wliiU' much (d the remainder is covered seven
feet deej) at every high tide. ( >iit of siK h
materials this pleasant writer reipiests his
readers to ( on^tnici the ide.il of the Thousand
Islands of the St. Lawrence '
\V. I). Ilowi U.S.— (iS;.-.)
In a ])leasant little romance, full of wit and
sentiment, < ailed " 'I'lu'ir Weddiiij; Jinirney,"
ihis wriii'r des( ribes tlu' ideal incidents of a
journe\ ovi-r some of the more fashionable
riuites of nnrthern traxel, with .1 fidelity that
pro\es his personal f.iiniliarity with the locali-
ties described. The rom.mtic couple, whose
•uhentures he is describing, had come from
Ni.ig.ira. and had just left the landing at
Kingston, where our e.xtr.ict begins:
■• Kingston lias romantic memories of heiiin Fort
I'roiitenac two hundred ye.irs ago; of Count Tron-
ten.ic's splendid .idvent amoii^r iiu- Indians; of the
bi;ive I,a S;dle, who turned its wooden w;dls to stone;
of wars with the s.ivayes and then with the New
Vol k ("oloiiisis, whom the French and their allies
h.tiiied fioni this point; of the destruction of I.a
Salle's fort in the old French war; .md of final sui-
lender ,1 few years later to the Knglish. It is as pic-
tiiresipie :is it is historical. .Ml about the city, the
shores ,ire beaulifully wooded, and there are many
lovely islinds — the lirsl, indeed, of those Tliousand
Island- with which the head of the St. Lawrence is
lilli d, and ;uuonjf which the steamer was presently
ihieadinjj her way. They are as charminj;, and still
;ilino-t as wild .is when, in 1(173, Frontenac's llolilla
nf c;inoes passed throuf;h their labyrinth, and issued
upon the lake. S;ivi. for a liuht-house upon one of
them, there is almost nothinj; to show that the fool
of man has ever pressed the thin grass clinging to
their rocky surf.ices. and keeping its green in the
eternal sh.idow of their pines and cedars. In the
warm niorning light they gathered or dispersed be-
fore the advancing vessel, which some of ihein
.ilinosi touched with the plumage of their evergreens;
and wlieri' none of them were large, some of them
weie so sMi.dl that it woiiUI not have been too tiold
to ligiire ihein ;is a vaster race of water-birds assem-
bling and separ;iting in her course. It is curiously
allectiug III fiiiil tluin so iiiirl.iimeil yet from the
solitude of the \:inished wilderness, and scarcely
touched even by tradition. Hut for the interest left
them by the French, thise tiny isl.inds have scarcely
.iny .issociations. and must be enioytd for their
beauty alone. Tlieie is about llieiii ;i f;iint light of
legend concerning the Canadian rebellion of 1.S37,
for sevi r.il ' p.itriols ' are s.iid 10 have taken refuge
amidst their lovely uiultitiide; but this episode of
modern history is dilhciilt for the iiiiagin;itioii to
manage, ;tnd somehow one cloes not take sentimen-
tally even to tli.it d.itighter of a linking •paliiol.'
who long b;iltled her father's pursuers by rowing him
fiom one island to another, and supplying liiin with
food by night.
" Either the reluctance is from the n;ituial desire
th.il so recent a heroine should be founded on fact,
or it i-^ mere perveiscness. I'erhaps 1 ought to sav,
111 justice to her. that it was one of her own sex who
1\
/)/:scA'/."77().ys Oh I HE riioi sAxn /s/.ix/js.
217
refused l<i Ih- iiilL'tL'stotI in Iilt, .iikI forbailf Hasil lo
cart' fi)i liiT. Wlicii lie had u.ad of licr ixploil from
llie guide-book, Isabel asked biiii if he had nolii ed
that haiidsoine girl in llie blue and striped (i iribaldi
and Swiss lial, that liad ronie aboard at Kingston. "
Visit dk tiik Editors' ani> I'l bi.i>iifk-'
Association- ok the Si'aik ni \).u
VoKK. — (1872.)
Fcrliaps no incident has roiitribiitcd lo
l)iing more widely before the jjublii a knowl-
edjie of tlie beautiful scenery of the Tliousand
Islands than the occasion of the annual meet-
ing of •In; association above named, at Water-
town, in 1872. This association iiad been
formed as early as 1853, but its annual gather-
ings had been interrupted by the war. I'ar-
taking of a social as well as of a iirofessional
character, these meetings had come to be re-
garded as both jjleasant and i)rot'itable to the
members and their families; and on the se( ond
day of the convention at Watertown (June 26,
1872), the whole day was given up to a rail-
road and steamboat excursion to the Thou
sand Islands.
The R.,\V. i\: O. R. R. Cu. had provided a
train of eight cars, drawn by the engine
".Vntwerj)," gaily adorned with flags, ever-
greens and flowers, which took the party
(about 200 in number) to Cai)e \'incent, from
which a steamer conveyed them down among
the islands — stopping at Clayton for a recep-
tion, and dining in tiie open air on Pullman's
Island. The day was beautifully calm, and
the islands, in the full verdure of early sum-
mer, appeared to best advantage. .\ cornet
i)and from Watertown accompanied the partv,
and added mu( h to the enjoyment of the
oc( asion. Among t'.ie visitors were a consid-
erable number from the Southern .Slates, and
many of the editors were ac( oinpanied by
their wives. The descriptions published in
local ])apers throughout the State, n.ade the
incidents of the excursion well known .imong
their readers, ami created with many a di , ire
lo view the scenery for themselves, l-'roni
that time to the i)resent, this interest lias been
increasing, but more especially since the be-
ginning of summer encampment-', part.iking of
a religious and of a social nature, of whiiii a
further notice is elsewhere given.
.\h. Noriis \\in>li)w,()t Watertown, was otie
of tiie few iKjw li\ing and in active life, v.'I'.o
p.inici|),itc(l in tins e\cur-.ion and contributed
libi'ially tor its ha]ipy ( ompletion.
.\mii 111- u Sum, i^(ii\i:N \.v .\lnN>ii ru Ifi.i-.s
1,1. ( 'i,i;k( (.1 — - (1.S76).
Tiiis writer, a Frenchman, had made an
extended tour in liie West, and w.is returning
b\ way of the Lakes. We liegin our extract
at the moment of his departure from Toronto:
"We fonnd ourselves on board the S|i.irlan, a
very large crowd, thanks to a legion of pilf,'rinis on
their way to Wells Island, one of the Thousand
Islands of the St. Lawrence, for the purpose of as-
sisting ,u a ureal religions meeting, or revival, as
they say in this country. The revival ' is an
ellcrvescence of devotion, an outbursl of fanaticism
that generates itself at iiuervals, ,ind suddenly comes
on like a slorin. There aie siiiritu,d fevers that
generate and keep alive the sirangest sects in
.America, and it is seUlom that some new and extra-
ordinary sect docs not arise fioin n revival, * *
•' Before onr pilgrims had buided at Wells Isl.ind,
the revival spirit had already appeared among them
with some intensity, but this w.is nothing bin the
prelude.
••Towards evening, as the selling sun was touch-
ing the waves of Lake Ontario, ihey began their
songs. To these succeeded exhortations, which
might periiaps have made me a new convert, liad
they not been so entirely grotesque. .A personage
who seemed lo act the part of a presidein invited
any persons who might be moved from Heaven, to
give the company their inspirations. .A profound
silence followed this solemn re(|uesl, and every one
was looking around, when some one more inspired
than the rest, arose, and spnkc in a solemn and pro-
phetic tone, his countenance lit up as if under the
intUience of a Divine Spirit. This spectacle in-
tere-ted me very much, from its entire strangeness,
bill all of these inspired people, who seemed to
think themselves iiolier than the rest of the world,
jrave me an impression quite repulsive. One or two
of them, in their extravagance, implored the Supreme
Heing to enlighten the minds of every person aboard
— first the passengers, one and all. and then from
the captain down to the humblest deck-hand. Heing
unable 10 endure more of this, I left this saintly as-
.~?'iiblage, to leiiri! at the further end of the steamer.
" I know not what passed the next day at the re-
vival on Wells Island; but if we may believe an
I'.nglish writer, worthy of credit, these revivals
bi'come the scenes of the gravest disorders.
".As the night came on, the disorder became inde-
s( ribable: foi , imluding the reviv,disls, there were
M
; t
■■■■
iiS
,/ S(iri7:.\7A' i>/- Tin. >/■. i..\\\i<i.\'i i: ri\ i-i<.
nul los lliaii I'ur.r luiiulicil [kimiiis ;ili<iaril, and
lliiTc wiTC only sonic lilly >talc-iooiii;., wiili iwo
hcrllis in lai li, all of wliicli wire' occiiiiied liy llic
lailifs. I liLTi' wfif. iliL'iiforc, iliriu liiindred per-
sons witlionl lifils, and 1 foiiiul inyst-lf among tlu'Sf
uiiforUuiali'S, ()lilij;i-(l to sk-t|i on a plank, with a
salchfl for a pillow. Al my ai,'i-, lia|)pily, lliis ilois
nol mailer, and alllioujjii I would noi like lo iciilw
the ixpcricnce, I am noi asliamcd lo know how it
scL'ms to sleep on a pl.ink. On awaking in llie
morning, I found to my ureal astonisliincnl tli.il I
had a seven' headache, and on raising llie idank.
found til, II I had lieen sleeping just over the boilei.
"They undettook to yive breakfast to four hun-
dred passeufiers — but the tables would aciommo
date but a hundred guests. They i;ot ovt r this dilli-
eiilly by seltinj; the table four times. In iliis selling
ami serving four tables in sui'iession, it re<piir(d
from six lo tin o'ebnk, and it was marvelous to sec
how every one rushed forward as soon as the H'>"K
sounded. Il was a pitched siege, where llie stioiigest
liad the best chances. Not c.iriiig to engage in such
a skirmish. I patieiilly waited for the last edition,
and by the lime I had finished, those who had break-
fasted lirsi, were coming about for llu ir dinners.
Such are the little incidents of travels in .Xmeric.i,
and if my star ever guides me lo that couiitiy .igain,
I trust it will not be at llie time of .i revival.
'• .After passing Kingston, the second largest ciiy
in the I'rovince of Ontario, we enleied tlie St.
Lawrence, and for Iwo hours were steaming through
the midst of the Thousand Islands, concerning
which .Mr. .Xavier .Marinier and oilier travellers liavi'
expressed an admiration in which I cannot join.
" i will, therefore, content myself wiih giving one
of those descriptions fonnu in the giiiile-books. I
I'an only get up a sort of cold enthusiasm, for lliis is
nol my trade. I can understand how .imaleur hunt-
ers and .uiglers can here lind their delights ; but,
though I am not allogelher hosiilc lo ihe mysteries
of shooting and fishing, I cannot truly say that I
found niiK h lo .idinire in this kivei .Aichipelago.
■• They teil me that the niinibcr of these islands
aHionnis lo eighteen hundred ; but if there were a
luindied thousand, would they therefore be the
more beauidul ? l"or my part, I would not exchange
a single pearl in the eiicliaiiting group of tlie Horro-
iiieo Islands, in Lake Maggiori, for the wliole eigh-
teen hundriil islands of the Si. Lawrence. At the
lisk of iiicuiring the reproaili of lieresy, 1 will ven-
ture lo say, thai tile Thousand Isles have a reiinta-
lion altogether adorned. They have been honored
by so manv |iompous and emphatic descriplions,
ihal all loiirisis aie obliged to believe them Ihe won-
der of wonders. Tourists have an nnfortnnale way
of admiring all thai Murray. Joanne, and others, tell
iheiii they must admire, and they think they must
not return from .•Xmeiica without having seen them.
If otherwise, llie conversation would lake some sui'h
foini as this :
" ' Vou li.ive been in .Xmerica?'
— •■ ■ Yes.'
— '■• .\nd havi' seen the 'Thousand Islands?'
— " ■ I did not see them.'
" .\t the end of the dialogue you would liear —
' .Simijletoii ' don't you know they are cited in prose
and verse - Vou might be panloned for passing
Niagar.i — that is supirannualed — but the Thou-
sand Isl.inds! What, thin, tlid yon go to .America
lo see - '
"To liiiish olT: I know some part of Sweden,
and upon that part of Lake M.iclar, that extends
from Stockholm lo I'psal, is an arcliipelago infinilely
more picniiesc|ue than that of the St. Lawrence; yet
the Swedes havi not the tact to boasl of their Thou-
s,ind Islands like llie .\iiieiicans."
A mil si.-iiii \T.
POETIC ASSOCIATIONS OF THE THOUSAN D ISLANDS.
CANADIAN BOAT SONGS.
iT^tAOST eiirly trnvcllers s|)eak of tlie songs
i^^l with which the Canadian Novaijeiirs
igs
\ ageiirs
were accustonu-tl to l)egiiilc their labors at tlie
oar, and of tlie impressions they left upon
the memory. 'I'hese are now entirely unknown
ujion this part of the St. Lawrence, but are
still heard ujion the upper waters of the
t )ttasva, and in the regions not yet invaded
by the power of steam.
These souvenirs of travel belong to a period
in society that apjiears to be passing away,
and like the popular songs of all countries,
that perpetuate their historical legends md
the trailitions of ancestors, they are unknown
in cities, and are found only in rural life. In
this instance, they may be often traced back
to an Kurojiean origin, and are of the kind
that tend to keej) alive the poetic associations
of a gay and happy peasantry, rather than the
historical memories of a great and powerful
people. In fact there appear to be very
little sense, much less a connection of narra-
tive, in any of these jiopular songs of these
l)eople, and the most that (an be said of many
of them is, that they were a jolly string of
words without rhyme or sense, with freiiuent
repetitions, and a joyous refrain.
In their incoherent stanzas and their repeti-
tions, they resembled in some res])ects the slave-
songs of the south before the late war, al-
though wholly devoitl of that religious senti-
ment which formed a feature in many of the
social songs of the slaves.
Some years since, Mr. Krnst Gagnon, of Que-
bec, [irepared a collection of these Canadian
songs. It contains only those most commonly
known, for according to this author, " ten
large volumes would scarcely contain them."'
He further remarks, tliat as a general thing
there is nothing indelicate or wanton in these
popular melodies, and that even in some of
this description that can be traced back to
French origin, the objectionable fe^atures have
been dropjjcd. In other cases, the change in
these airs has been so great that their origin
can scarcely be traced back beyond the [leriod
of emigration, and in others they are unmis-
takably and entirely C'anadian.
We will limit our notice of these songs to
two or three of the most popular and well-
known, and of these the one first given is
altogether the most important :
" A La Ci.AiRi. Fontaine."
Says Mr. dagnon: — " From the little seven-
year-old child to the gray-haired old man,
every botly in Canada knows this song.
There is no French Canadian song that in
this respect will compare with it, although
the melody is very primitive, and it has little
to interest the musician, beyond its great
popularity."
It is often sung to a dancing tune, and is
even brought into the fantasies of a concert.
It is known in France, and is said to be of
Norman origin, although M. Marmier thinks
it came from La Franche Comte. and M.
Rathery thinks it was brought from Uretagne,
under the reign of Louis XIV. In France
it has nearly the same words, but with this
difference — that the French song expresses
the sorrow of a young girl at the loss of her
friend Pierre, while the Canadian lad wastes
his regrets upon the rose that his mistress rt-
<
I I
230
/} soriy-.y//: or ihf. st i.ahrexce nivr.R.
I
U
ji'i In I I'lic 1 1 r .1^ Mill); III !• 1,1 1 II I Is .ilU)j;illK'r
(liUVrcni. Soinc yr.iiN sim i' tin-. Miiif; in its
Cmadi.in ili'cs> w.i?. |proiij;lit mit m .ill tiie
princiii.il tlicitrfs of I', iris with iiniiu'iise sik -
Cfss. riiis K(l ti) a (listri'ssiMfi luiilcs(iui.' of
'' I. a t'l.iiri' lontaiiu', as thoy sing it in I'ans. "
( )n till.' oi ( asioii of tlie \ isil of tJu- I'rinc u of
Wales to AiiuTK ,1 in iS6o, a liiilo inciiU'iit (>c -
curied on lioanl tlu' "Ikro." on liu' last
cveiiinn liofore tlii' landing at ( Jiicbcc, that
brought this song and its air inio iioliio ujion
a iinich wider tkdd than before. Several
lirominent ('anadians had come on boaril, and
as the e\enii'.g wore awa\ , Mr. I'artier, a higli
ortlcial in the Colonial government, stepped
forwaril, and began losing this song in a ( lear
and meli)dious \()ire.
The chorus was easily pi( ked up by the
listners, and after once hearing it, a few voices
joined in — at fust in subdued and gentle
iniirniiir, but .it e.ich return more ( U'.ir anil
strong, until .it the end, the whole party were
in full .ici ord, and singing witii enthusiasm
the oft-repe.ited decl.uMtion —
" II v.i longlcpas (|iie ic I'aimc,
l.iinais ji' lie t' mibkrai."
From this time onw.ird till the end of his
journey in America, this sim|)le melody became
the favorite jiiece, or was brought in as an ac-
companiment to other music, at receptions
and parties, ami in short, iiiion all occasions
wherever music was in order, and for this
re.ison it is now better known outside of
Canad.i thin all the rest of French-C.inadian
songs put together.
The following not-very-literal I'-nglisii trans-
l.iiion ol this chanson, has in one sense more
poetic merit than the origin.d, inasmucii as it has
a rhyme, to which the French does not pretend.
.\s tjy till' cryst.il fount I strayt'd.
On wliicli Ihi- dancing nioonlu'ams played,
riic water sieinod so clear and liri^ht,
I lialliod myself in lis delight ;
I loved thee from the hour we met,
And never can that love forget.
rill' water seemed so clear and bright,
I bathed myself in its delight;
The nightingale above my head.
As sweet a sireani of music shed,
1 loved thee, etc.
The iii^liliii^.iK .d«iv<' my head.
.\ssweel .1 sin am of iiuisii- shed.
Sing, nighling.ile, thy beau Is glad.
Hill I eoiilil weep, foi mine is sad !
I loved thee, etc.
Sing, nightingale, thy heart is glad.
Hut I could weep, for mine is sad !
For I have lost my lady fair.
And she has left me lo despair '
I loved ihee, etc.
For I have lust my lady f.iir.
And she has left me lo despair.
For that I gave not. when she spoke,
The lose thai (lom its tree I broke.
I loved ihee, etc.
For that I gave not, when she spoke,
The rose that from its tree I bioke,
I wish the rose were on its tree,
.And my beloved again with me.
I loved ihee, el( .
I wish the rose weri' on ils tree,
And my beloved .igain with me.
Or tliat the tree itself were cast
Into the sea, before this passed.
I loved thee, etc
Of the above chanson, Marmier observes-.
"As you notice, there is neither verse nor
rhyme, nor anything else besides an outland-
ish measure of syllables ; * * * * Vet
these rude couplets, sung in the rudest of
melodies, have in them an indescribable mel-
ancholy that penetrates the soul."
.\n English writer who luiblished iiis observ-
ations in 1864, gives one of these songs, pre-
faced with the following descriptive account
of its execution:
" The French Canadian boatmen seem to
lie a hapi'v devil-may care sort of fellows, who
did not allow the thought for to-morrow to
interfere in any way with the enjoyment of
to-day. They sing in concert very plaintively;
and some of their favorite ballads are highly
pathetic. One day I was prevailed upon by
a friend lo take an excursion in a canoe,
manned by half a dozen f>f these thoughtless
|ieople. Upon sailing ni> tlie St. Lawrence,
as they warmed to their work, they om-
nienced singing the following chanson, ai 1 so
l)rettily was it executed, that the effei t was
most extraordinary;
.
/'i'/<7 /(' .ISSi)(7.l //() \\
rUv (ulluwiM. MlhtT Uvv tlM„>|,U,n„ |
been fiirnisliuil us :
Wilh ti(nrt> ;is »il<|
•A'. ii)\i)ii.s cliiM.
Livud |{||,„|,, ,,, ,|ic iiioiirii.tiii .
Hit Diily wisli
I'o svvk llii- ||>h
In (III' Haters of (Uc fiiiiiiiaiii.
•>li. iIk' \i(ilei, whiif .111.1 Mm :
riif slicaiii is (k'c|>,
I'lic hanks arc siii p,
Dinvti ill ihu |{<i<>,| fell she,
WliL'ii ilioic mile l,y
KikIiI Kaliaiilly,
Tiiric l.amns of hi«li (!,.>;,,•,■.
<»li, 111,, viol,. Is, ,v||,u- aiKl Miic •
■• Oil. till lis, fair maid,"
'I'lii.y (.aih ON,, saiil,
Wlln sll.ill sni. y,„|, Ijf^.
I 11)111 111, H.,ii,.r's strife
liy Ins ,11, us lIMlllll, llilljr lliiyli,.-
Oh, 111,. vjol(.|, wliii,. ami him.!
" Oil : hasic tu iiiv si,lc.."
Till' iiiaiiliri i,.|,|ii.,|,
'• \<ii ask of .1 ici;oiii|.cMs,. mnv :
\Vll,ll >,,f,. oil l.iiul
■ \v:.iiii wo siaiiil
l'"i siiili iii.i||i.,.s is liiii, I iimv."
Oil, till' viol,. I, Willi,, ami liliii; !
liiil wli,.|i all free
''jKiii tliu lea
■'''lir found hers,. If once more,
Slic would not stay,
■ \n,l spcl awav
■'ill •'111. reached llei loltai;,. ,|o,)i
Oh, the viol, IS, while an.l hhi,- !
I ler casement hy,
That niaiihn sin-
Mejjaii s,) sweei to siii);;
Her hue ami voice,
l>id c'l-n r(.joice.
Tlie early Mowers of spriiiM
Oh. the violet, white and blue !
Hut the harons proud
Then spoke aloud :
" This is not the l.ooii we desire ;
Voin heart ,ini| love.
My pretty dove,
Is the free yift we reipiire."
Oh, lire ^io|,•|s. while and hlne I
'V //// /7/,>ryl\/> /S/./.V/,s. „3
'•'^ '' Oh, iin li,.aii So true,
I'' not for yon,
Niii lot arry of hi^-h i|ei;rer ;
I have pleilKed mv iniih
T« an honest youth,
With ,1 heard so comely to see."
Oil, lire violet, whue and l,|ne ;
T(.\l .Mi.OKl.', lio.M Su.V,;. — (,804).
In ihfHMis iSo3-.Mhc.so,:i,,| tavoritr ami
iir.uTtu\ Nv-nter, Th,„„as .Nfootv. mid,, a hasty
f'-ii- thrniigh the .Mi.hlie and \,.rthcrn St ites
;'"'! Can.t,!,,, I, w„uld a|,pcar Iron, hi.s writ-
"iKs. and It h.ts l.ccn stmn^lv iniimaicd, that
tl"^ visit to .\merica was designed to alTord
> apital lor satire and song in the interest of
'"■itish i.rejtidiee, and tinder the pohtiral agi-
'•""'"sol the day there .an lie no donht Init
'"••' ""^'■^■^'litw.ts in some degree realized.
""t wlKitever may have heen the .inimtts or
the' elte.t ol his writings, we may well afford
•'"^r tins lapse of time,,,, A.rgive hitn. since
"^' has lett lissome verses that throw a charm
^'ver the i.la.es he described, and impart an
"itcresi, due to the smoothness of their mea-
sure and the poetic sentiments which thev
^•'nl)ody. His lyrics, entitled "The Lake of
tlK- Dismal -wamp." and "The Canadian
li'-al .Song," are of this number. Moore was
l^"n. in 177,;, and when he p.issed this way
>n 1.S04, was therefore .ibout twentv-five years
"I age. He had already gained popular noto-
nety by his writings; and the extmordinarv
attentions paid to him, especially among Kn-
gl'sh othcials in Canada and elsewhere, gave a
prominence to his presen.e wherever he trav-
^■lo.l- In a letter l„ his mother, written soon
alter his passage do.,„ ,he St. Lawrence from
Niagara m a sailing vessel, in August, .804,
lie shows how exceedingly flattering to his
vaniiy these attentions were, making him at
once satistled with himself and with all the
rest of m.uikind. He says :
'• '" "'.v Pass.-,«e across Lake Ontario. I met with
1- sanie politeness which has been so „ra,ifylnK.
a ,1. indee,!, convenient ,0 ,„e, all alon^ mv route.
Hu capt..,n refused t,. take what I know is always
given and I.eK^ed me to consi.ler all mv fri,.nds as
included ,n the compliment, which a line from me
would .u arry time entitle them to. Kven a poor
watch-maker a. Niagara, who did a very necessa"
I 'I
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1'
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1
224
.1 SOL'i'EMR or THE ST. I.AW'REXCE Rfl'ER.
!!
and iliiriMill iul> fui ini- iiim>i<..I I >liuul'l ik'I lliink
of paying liiin. Imi aici|il it as ilii' only iiiiitk nl ic-
spri:! Ill' ciiiild pay <iiii' lie liaJ iR-ard so iniicli of.
but nevi'r cxpuclid lo nicit willi. Tins is llii- vciv
ncclar o( lifr, .nul I liopc, I trust, it is not vanity lo
wliicli iIjc iDtdial (jwi s .ill its sux-ctniss. .\o; ii
givi's lilt' a filling tow.mls all niankinil. wliicli I am
convinced is not imamialilt.': llif inipiilsc wlih li ln-
jjins wild si'lf. spri'.ids a 1 iii'li' instanlaneoiislv loiimi
it, wliirji imliilis all ilir suciabilitivs and licncvu-
Iciiccs of llie liiMil,"
.\s to tlic c ill imist,int:(.'s iitider wliii h tiic
lio.il Son;4 was wiittfii, thcsL- cm hcsl i)c
learned fiDiii liis dun iicii. In .i note aiipeiulcd
to the full edition ot lub \vntint;s, we I'liiil tlie
following account :
" I wroK; these words to an air wliicli our boaliiieii
siiiiy tons fiei|ufnily The wind was so iinf.ivoi-
at)lc tlial tliiy were ol)lij;ed to row .ill the wa\ . and
wr were live d.iys in disc endiiii; the luir fioin King-
ston to Montreal, exposi-il to an iiili use sun diiiini;
the d.iy. and at iiiulit forced to taki shelter from the
dews ill ,mv inisir.ible huts upon the banks ih.it
would receive us Hut the ni.iuiiificeiit sceneiv of
ihe St. Lawrence ri'|i.i\s .ill ihisr illilicullirs. ()iir
voya;;eurs had f^ooil voices, .iiul san^; perfi i ily in
tune together. The oii>;inal woids of the ail. to
which I adapted lliese sian/.is. ,ip|.i ared to be a
long, incoherent siorv. of which I ( nuld iimleistaud
but little from the barbarous pioiiuiK iation id ihe
Canadi.iiis.
'■ The slan/.as .iie sii|iposcd to be sun:; b\ tlio^e
voyajjeiirs who !,'o to the lir.iiid l'oil,ii;e \<\ the
Utawas liver "
El Rkoimi-.n Cwi!
u; I \Ti u
• ()l IM 11 I I \N.
?
Faintly, as tolls the e\eiiing chime.
Our voices kii'p ttiiu . and oui oais keep time,
Soon as the woods on shore look dim
Wi'll siiiij at St. Ann's our parlins; liviiin
Row. brothers, row. the stream runs fast.
The i.i|iids are near, and the daylighl's past.
Why -lioiild ive yi t our sail unfurl :
Theie is not a bie.ilh the blue wave to < iirl !
fliit when the wind blows till the shore.
'Ml ' sweellv we'll rest on onr weary oar.
Hlow, bree/es, blow, the sire.im runs f.isl,
Tlf lapids ate near, and the daylight's p.isi.
L't.iw.i's tide ' this lieiiibling moon
Sliall see us Ijoat omi the surges scion.
.Siint of this (rreen isle ' heai our prayer.
Ob ' jriint lis ( (lol hea\''ns and favoriny aii.
Mlow, bree/es, blow, the Mrciiii inns fast,
The rapids are ticir, and the daylight's past.
We li,i\i- tiicl willi two tr.i'islations of
Moore's Ibi.tt Song into Ireni li, hut neither
ot ilietn are of tmich merit.
Ilesides these Moat Songs, the isl.inds pre-
seiit in.tny poetic associations that give to
them pel iiliar interest. Ihe late Calel' I. yon,
of l,\onsd.tle, many years since, published a
poem si,. ( ■.'hat after the style of liyron's
■' Isles 111 ( Ireece," that has been so often re-
produced that we deem it proper tiot to in-
clude it in this volume.
The religiciis meetings th.it have been held
upon Wellesley Island h.ive given rise to some
poetic remiiiiscem es of pecttliar interest, es-
pecially those relating to Mr. Philip 15. Mliss,
whose participation in the Sunday-.Srhool Par-
li.tnient, in 1S76, was broitght sadly to m nd
by the railroad i asitalty that, l)efore the next
ye.ir. ended his life at .\sl)tabtil,t, Ohio. This
event has been mule the suliject of meinorial
MTses li\ Miss Winslow, of {Brooklyn. The
lolluwing are the opening stati/,is of this
poem:
Last vear he stood ainonjjst lis all,
.\cknowledL.'e(l Kiiiy of .Sony,
l.i-t year we heard his deep tones bill
The river side alonjj ;
We saw his reverend mien, we knew
1 lis spii it true and bold,
lint of our singer's innei life
The half WIS never told.
We heard the siorv, as it llew
( )n the westein wires aloiin.
Willi bated bieath we heard it true,
(bid look onr King of Song ;
We lead of tiery chariot wheels,
Of wintry waters cold.
Hilt .ingels saw the agony-
Tlie half w.is iie\er told.
Till "Mil It. !i,F,>" 01 (!kKMi/iK, riiE
Canadian Poki.*
This poem extends through more than fifty
Stan/, is, in which the author lets his fancy
* loseph Octave Crema/.ie, a native of Lower
Canada, was gifted with a line poetic talent, and pro-
duced several pieres that have been greatly admired
for the elegance of their style, and the liighly poetic
senliiiieiits which the y e.xpiess,
NL Ciiiiia/ie w.is a inerchant ,it Oiiebec, but prov-
ing unsuccessful in business, he went (loni Canada
II
1
(//-."r '/.('(,)• (U- nil-: riiorsAxn isi.wi^s.
225
I
dwell upon what he would do, wuic iu- a swal-
low. Ilovould lly to where the snowlloi ks
tall, and make tiie wildest jilaces echo lo lii>
son:;. He would visit Spain, where the almond
blooms; the i;ilded ilonie of Ali a/ar. and the
l<<iy d I'alaee where the Caliph Omar reigned:
("ordnva, and ( )U1 Castile; l.enn. with its
liru/AMi gates, and .Se\ille; the l-L^curial anil
the Alhamhra, and river hanks fragrant with
opening llowers. lie would view tliu .''v of
X'enice, and the Lions of St. Mark; listen i >
the serenades of an Italian summer evening,
and. in short, explore on liglu and rajiid wing
whatever region or pla( e the wild world offer-.
— in l'',urope, in India, or in the land of the
Nile, that awakens jioetic sentin.ents, disi)lays
|)ictures of beauty, or recalls the memory ot
great events.
Ha\ingthus touched, as it were, a tluuisand
islaniK of interest throughf)Ut the world, he
says:
'■ Hia when with llnnilsof liirlu. tlii' Ijaliiiy siniii;:-
liiui- foiiu s, w'iili ii-. iiuluilirs, its maniU: of unfii
.iiiil its pfifiiiues- its venuil xjii:;.- wiili tlii' innniinu
SUM. ami all llu fre>liiuss of awakeniiij; lifi', I woulil
K'Uim to my ii.Uivc skits.
" Wlun Kvf pliii'kiil tliaili fioiii llu Tue <jf Life,
and l)ioii};hl tears ami sorrow ii|ion larlli, .Xdarn
was driven out iiilo llif world to iiioinii with her,
and taste from the hiiter spiinf; that we drink to
dav.
" Then ant;c K on tin ir wings, bore the silent
eden to the eternal spheres on high, and pi. iced it in
llic heavens — but in passing through sp.ice, lliey
dropped along the way, lo mark their course, some
tlowers from the (i.irden Divine. These llowers of
ID Hia/il. and from thence to France, and died at
llavie, laniiary 17. iS;,).
Mr. l.areaii, in hi- 1 lisloiie <le l.i l.illei.unie ( ,111.1 ■
dienne. in speaking of the style of ihis poel, sa\ s
" riiere is something in ("reni.i/.ie's talent that is
loiind only in those of n.iiive i;eniiis it is inspira-
llon. Hv sudden and passionate llights, he carries
you into the highest spheres of poetry .ind ihoiighl
lie adorns his stvle with coloring the most luilliaiii.
ami in his hand everything is transformed .iiid .mi-
mated. He Invests the most common of events with
features tli.ii elevate .ind magnify, yet in this exuber-
ance of coloting. and this wealth of words and ideas,
he in no degree impairs the simplicity of his subject,
riie poetic ihoughl of his writings is i leai and re
fined, ,inil his verse is ii.iim.il. and Hows fioiii ui
.dundant soiiice."
' li.uiging hues, falling into the :;'i.ii livei, became
the riious.ind Isles _|h, p.ii.nlise of the St. Law-
rence.
■The Thous.ind Isles; magniliceni necklace of
ili.imond and s.ipphire that those of ilu' ancient
world Would have piefeiud to the biiuht gold of
Opliir! Sublime and In .uilifnl 1 town that le-ts
upon the .nnple luosi- of the Si. I.iwieiice, on her
throne of the v.ist I. ikes tli.ii displ.iy the tinted rain-
bow, and return the echoes of thundering .Niagara !
riie Thousand Isles — chinning wonder —o.isis on
the sleeping waves - that whieh niii;hl be thought a
llower basket borne by a lo\ ei's hand! In thv pic-
tures(|ue relrc'ais I find naiiglit but jie.ice and
h.ippiiiess, and spend the tr.inipiil days in slnjrjug
the I.iys of .1 heart content !
" .Not proud .Xiidalusia — luu the b.inks of I'adi/—
1101 llie kingdom of the Moors s|iarkling like rubies
— nor the poetic scenes of rioreiice and Milan —
nur Koine witli iis .ineient sjdendois nor N.iples
witli its volcano — nor that charnieil sea where Staiii-
boiil lifts its lowers -nor the vales of sorrow where the
lieree Gi.iours dwell — nor Inilia in its native wealth,
where I'ara Hrahma si :;,es, or the se.is of verdure
til. 11 Kalid.is.i celebr.iie nor the l.i.nl of the pyra-
mids — uoi ,ill the tu'.isures iif Miiiipliis — nor the
r.ipids of the Nib. wlure we srek and admire Osiris —
shall ever thy echoes repe.it from the notes of this
lyre which is liincd amid these charming scenes."
Gl'.ol.DiiV Of IIIK 'riKHiSWh l-l,\\lis.
There is mm h geological interest in the
rock form.uions c>f this p.irt of the St. I,a\\-
reni e, .md in the e\ iilences th.it they present
as to the ( hanges th.it the earth's >iirfa<c h.is
imdergcme sini e the beginning, h'or the most
p.irt, the islands consist of giK-iss rock, be-
longing to the L.iurentian ,ieriod. whii h here
form a connecting link between the vast i'ri-
m.iry Region, so called, of L pper Can.id.i,
and .in extensive ilistrict of the same in
Northern New York. 'I'his gneiss is gener-
ally obscurely stratified, but with much con-
fusion in the lines of origin. il deposit, as if
the\' had been softeneil !>> he.it .md distorted
bv pressure, .ind the stratiluation, such as it
is, is often highly ini lined. The rock is
((imposed l.irgely of a reddish felds|Mr, w itii
\ari,ible proportions of (pi.irt/ ,ind horii-
hlende. .ind o( ( asion.il p.irti( les of m.igiutic
iron ore. in some |)l,i( es on the New \'ork
side it is found to ( (int. tin dykes of trap awA
ureeiislone, that r.unifv into thin veins, ,is 'f
I
2_'6
. ; .M »/ • ; /..\ /u I u I hi: > /■. / , / ;; av. .\ < i. /,•/ / i.r
; !
iiiji'i It'll ;inilci- m'lMt iiri'SMiiT, .ind in ,i lui-
li'i tl\ li(|iil(l form. It .iImi coiitjin^, in Ictln-
>()n ami St. I.ciwii'in t' (oiintu'-. iim^t iiUi.Mr-.t-
ing irvstaliiiK' miiu-ral forms, in ^nvit wirictv
,111(1 ill kos--if, k-.id u MS tdiiiiL'rly iiiiiu'il 111 this
Mirk to a l.ir^e .imouiit.
I'lion DiH' (if till' 'I'lioiis, 111(1 i'-laiuls o|i|Hi-
sitc ( i,inaiioi|uc, tlK' niiL-N-; idck is ([iiarricil
lor < cmcttMA' iiioniimciits, \vhi( ii .irc ■-cni to
.Miiiitrc.il for iiolisliiiii,', anil an- tlioiii;lit i)\-
many lo lie ,w beautiful as the ri.'(l S((ii(li
|4r. mite tor iliis iisi'. The roi k is there al-Mi
(|iiariieil f(jr [laviiii^ Mix ks, and otiicr iisi.'^.
.\t ( i,inanoi[iK', and at v.irioiis places .11110111;
the isl.inds, the Potsdam sandstone o(( irs in
thick mas . s, ri-<in_:; into ( iilfs fiftv leet or
mor(.' alio\c the river, and at'fordiiii; a line
materiil for Imildini;, beinj; ea-.ily worke,]
wiien freslily (inarrieil. .uid hardenini; mion
exposure to the nir. A little h.ick from th.it
town. ;^nei>s form-- the priin ip.il ro( k. risin:;
in n.iked ridges, with intervening; plains that
indicrti.' the presem e of level str.ita ol limv-
stoiie or sandstone lieiii-ath. In ihi> ri^ion,
white ( ryslalline limestone, steatite .md v.iri-
oiis other minerals o( cur.
Hefore reaching Hrockville, and tor .1 Ioiil;
di>t.ince lielow, ralciterotis s.mdstone ,ind the
older limestones constitute the onlv ro( k in
situ, ,ind afford (.•\celleiit ipi.ur of liiiildiiiL;
--tone. These ^tr.U.i are for the most pait
level, and the verv llat region in |effer--on
count\-, lyinu .1 little ha( k from the riser, and
exteiidinj.; several miles inland, is nnderl.iid
by this rock. It contains, in ni.iny pi. ices,
the organic remains of lower forms of animal
,ind vegetable life, that sometimes ^t.lnd out
in line relief upon we.ilhered siirf.u es of the
ro( k.
At Kingston, and at various points upon
both shores, and upon C.irlton, W'olle. Ilowe,
(irindstone and other isl.imN, the l>ir(K'-i.'\-e
and Hl.ick River limestones oc( tir in nc.irlv
hori/ont.il str.ita, .ind in some pl.ice-- are ^een
resting dire( tly upon the giui^s, wlii( li cuiiu'-
to the siirfa( (', here and there, and ol'ten rises
to a greater ele\alion than the .idj.n ent lime-
stone. It would ajipe.ir th.it .it tlic-c places
an island existed it the time when the sand-
stone-., eKeulierc so .ibundaiit, weie being de-
lio--iled, ,md ih.ii ihe limestones ucre loiiiied
(lirec il\ o\er the -iiei^--. 'I'hi-- liinestoiie is
l.irgely ii--eil for building purjiuM's, ,it Kin^s-
toii .ind cKewhere, .md it make-- excellent
lime. I'rom the lower .iiiil impure stiat.i of
thi^ rcK k, w.iter-lime, or hydraulii: cement,
w.i^ loinieiK m.ide in Jefferson ( oimty.
These lime^ioncs ,it wirioti-- plates ( luitain
tonsil cor, lis, sponges, --helU. and other or-
gani( rem.iin-, p(( iili.ir to the older Siliiri.in
luridil. 'Tlie ISI.u k ki\cr liiiK'^toiie. in
W'.itertown. llrow n\ ille, .md other pi. ices, h,is
exlen--ive 1 ave--, worn li\- i urrents of w.iter in
lonner times. Tlu^e ha\e been explored to
c(in-.iiier.i]i](' di--t,ini es. and apjKMr to h.ive
been formed b\- the widening of natural
fi^^ure-- in the rot k. 'Their set lion is mure or
le--^ o\.il in form, sometimo wider tli.in high,
.md nearly uniting .ilong the line of the fissure,
,ibove .md below.
'The broken region, of wliit h the 'Thousand
Ni.inds .lie ,1 part. alfonN mi either side of
the ii\fr, in wirioii-- pl.ice^. .1 nuiiiber of pic-
turesi|Me hikes, and uiiliin .1 di--i.inif of
twenty miles in Jefferson t oiintv, there are ex-
ten--i\-e milieu of reil hem.ilite, that have been
wrought for more th.m lifty ye.irs, siipplving
sever. il iron furii.u es in llieir vicinitx, .md .1
l.irge .iinoiiiu ot ore for export. ition toother
poiiiN. ( 'it'oldgically, these iron ores occur in
tint k beds .ilong the junction of the gneiss
.md the older fo'-siliferoii^ fonn.itions, and
thev --eem lo extend downw.ird to .111 unlim-
ited extent.
Ill speaking of the 'Tliou^.ind Nl.intK as a
rieltl foi' geologii ,il --tudv, ,1 writer, who h.is
liken .1 gre.it interest in this subiei 1. s,u > :
'■<)iie of ilii iniisi Kni 1 .\ iclii|iflani>c's mi the
l;1iiI>i'. is iliis iif ijie Si. I.awi t'li'i'. Iiidct'il. it i-<
.iliiin^i ilif (inly (IMC llial li.is --iii li a vast niiiiilii'i nt
i^liMs. .ill iif rniky fiinnaliiMi; lii«li, licaliln . wiiiiiii'il.
williDiii ininliK (ir iiiai '•liv slinK"-. sin.ill iiiiiiil;Ii fia
iiicldiaii-lilili' v;iiielv (lci|i, ii.i\iya!.|( ( liaiincl-.
cvcrvwliiic. .111(1 .il'dve .ill, ihe vci v 1 nuvii .md (;liii v
of lllc jiicKitcsiiilc. ■'■■ ■■■■ The liii .1111111 1- one iif
(lie tt'i v liisi f.ir L'C'ilou'ica! simh-. I'lif I,.iiiic iiii.in
s\--|llll IS !(•■ kllllC.I 111! Illiicsl 1 \|.il,.l|M . HI .llllllllj;
llic nl.|c-l, cm lilt' L'hili''. rill- m.iiiilr I- l.iinih I'diii-
|iovc| (if fi|ils|..n, .md Nil ijiiicis wKJiiy from llic
>■<■'■
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s
failKius yi,lllilts lit N( w Ijiyl, 111(1, 111 wliifli llDiil-
IjIciuIu (uriiis s(j large an fli'imnl, and wliicli aiu
iiL'.irly a triu' syt'iiilc. 'i'l.c I'olsilaiii sandsloiif line
lies diicctly ii|ioii llio giaiiilc. Mdlli sliow WdinK i-
fiilly lilt' erosion of waves liy wliirli ilu- yrcat inland
sea, of ancienl j;eologic.il ages, woie down lliis ini-
tial oiillel Id llie sea. Holli sliow, also, llie grindiim
and pl.ming anion of llie glaLial drift, which here
wroiiuhl willi enorinoiis |jower. There are ilrifl
s|ri;uor grooves here, cut inlo this '-ard granite, some
of them showing for several rods in length, sliaighl
as a line, and as wide and deep as half a hogshead
divided leni'tlnvise of the slaves.
" .\ block of granite, as huge as .1 small house,
held fast in ilu- under surface of a moving sheet of
ice, asa gla/.ier's diamond in its steel handle: annlher
sheet of ice, hundreds of feel ihii k .ind ihon-.iiids of
miles wide, and creeping iiiiw.iid wiih a slow hut
irresistible movement — what a glass-culler thai !
.\nd when thai whole sliict of ice is thickly studded
on its iiiidei side with such blocks, gieal and small,
we can gel .1 comeplion of what ,111 enormous lasp
llie li.ind of Omnipotence wielded in pl.ining and
polishing all thi' upper surf.n es, especi.illy the
northern, western, and noilh-weslern exposures of
ihese mighty rocks. The loolh niaiks of this i,|sp
are the glacial stria- of geologists, and lliis is an e.\ccl-
leiil place to study Ihem.
" Tor hilf ,1 mile, fronting on I'.el h,iy, there is an
.ilino^l I (inlinuous fioiil.ige of the glacier-planed
101 ks. .\t its western end, this rocky ridge breaks
down abruptly in lofty piecipices called the ' I'ali-
sades,' with a de<'p, navigable strait of the liver,
I'allfd the ' N'.inows ' Mere is an admiiable phue to
study the cle,ivage and fi.ictuie of these rocks, and
the whole is one of the tiiiesi scenic views of tlic
(ireat Kivei."
An .iiiotivnious writer, in .1 book of Tr.iNels
" (lodicatid to the W'.iiulercr liy one of iiis
li.iss," — liiit known to lie Jolni I'. (',\in|ilieil,
ot Islay, h;ul his attention nun h attra< ted liy
^jeolo^ical |ii)enotnena, .iiicl in noticin;; i;l.u ial
af^encies, remarks as follows (onierninj; this
|iart of the St. Lawrence :
".At the foot of L.ike Ontario, at Ihnckville, a rock
of gray i|uarl/. in the town is so linelv pulivhed ih.it
lines on it weie invisible, and almost imperceptible,
till a hi'cl-ball nibbing broiighl theni out. I'lieir
main ditei lion is N. 4?" I'.ist (magiietici. and large
polished grooves, in which sand lines oecnr. ,ire ti n
feel wide. .\t oilier s|iii|s on the same loc k, lines
point north and have othei be.mngs. but tin- whole
shape of the country be.ir- N. I'.
S \V,
He
md Miockville, the Tlions.ind Isl.iuds of
I'.inada, up to the level of Lake Out. irio, is glaciated.
It is striated in v,iiious directions, hnt the lu.iln lines
observeil aimed fioin Helleisle tow,irds .Ni.ig.ua.
I'pon or ne.ir the lock are beds of s.iiid, shells,
gr.ivel, and el.iy, with laige and well scratched
bowlders of foreign <rigin. Higher ih 111 tin se beds
of drift are more; beds of sand, shells, gravel, clay
and bowlders as high up as the lop of .Monlieal
Mountain, and the lop of Niagara l',ills."
In noticing these phenomena of j;la( ial ac-
tion, it may lie remarked th.it the whole sur-
face of the country north and south, and to a
^reat distance, is found strewn here and there
with 1)0« Iders, some of them of iniinense si/.e,
and in other jilaix's are moraines or ridges in
great abundance. |)rift-hills < oniiiosed of
sind, gr.ivel and bowlders, sometimes ce-
mented by (lay int(j " hard pan," are a com-
mon occurrence,
l,.\Ki Rnic.i'.s.
We may in this connet tion notice the " Lake
Ridges," so-i ailed, that occur on both sides of
the lake, and various elevations above its
present le\el. These parti( ularly engaged
the .ittention of Prof. Charles I, yell, the En-
glish geologist, who, in his jtiurney in iS.p,
stopjietl at 'Toronto to examine them as
they oc( iir northward from that city. 'I'he
first of the ridges was a mile inland — and
108 feet above the present level of the lake.
It arose from thirty to forty feet above the
level land at its base, and could be traced by
the eye running a long distance cast and west,
being marked by a narrow belt of fir-wood,
while above and liehjw, the soil was clayey,
and bore other kinds of timber.
'I'he second ridge, a mile and a half further
inland, was joS feet above the lake at its
base, as determined by canal and r.iilroad
surveys, and arose fifty to seventy feet high,
the ground being tlat both above ami below,
and at the foot lay a great number of bowlders,
which, from their composition, showed that
they came from the n<irili. Some of these
bowlders lay on the top of the ridge, but there
were but few err.ilii ro( kson the soil between
tl
lese
rid
ges.
Lake Ontaiio 1 losclv resemble gioiips of low
Jll
jllenli
iiigli
•|1
solid lot k found. Ill
.\noiher ri<le of two miles and a half, in
>( .1 northerly direcliun, brought him to a third
'if
V'* <
^,p
.•/ .vV/7- \VA' ('/• /'///' S/. /. ;//A7,.\(7 AV / 7 A'.
(if
riilyi', fix f iiiiIl-. Iiom ilii- Like lc>> (■(iiiM|ii< li-
ons th.in (.•itlicr of i!ic fDrnuT. lium;^ little
UKiri' llian a steep slopL- ol' ten I'eet 1)V \vl)i( li
lite liij;lier terrace was re. k lied, only eii;lit\
I'eet above the haseol" the sec onil ri(l|;e. Tliiis
he went on, jiassiiii; one ridnt' after another,
sometimes ile iatiii;.^ several miles from the
direct course, to l"i\ the continiiitN of k'vel,
.md oli-^erviii}^ their i;i'neral charaitei. He
saw no less than ele\en of these ridges in all,
some of which might he calleil cliffs, or the
al)ni|)t terminations of terraces of cLiy, which
cover the siliirian rocks of that region to a
great tlepth, and belonging to the drift or
bowlder formation.
The higlust ridge w.is .iboiit ^)8o feet above
the lake, the water-shed between I ,.ikes ( >nt,irio
and Simcoe being 762 feel. I'rom the sum-
mit the slope towaril Lake Simcoe descends
2S2 I'eet, and along down this, si'ver.il ridges
were found, -.h- ving that water had t'ormerly
(lowed to .1 higher level than the jiresent.
Mr. l.yell remarks that he had never bet'ore
ob.^erved so striking an example of banks, ter-
races, and accuiiiuLuions of stratified gravel,
sand and clay, ni.iintainiiig over wide areas so
])erfect a liori/oni.ilit\- as in this district north
of Toronto. He rem, irks that the h\pothesis
of the successive breaking down of barriers
of an ancient Like or fresh-water (x cm has
now been gener.illy abandoned, from the im-
jiossibililN of concei\ ing here, as in the west
of Scoiland, as to where lands <apable of
ilamming iij) the waters to sin h height could
have been situated, or how. if thev have ex-
isted, they could have disappeared, while the
levels of the ancient beaches remained undis-
turbed. He, therefore, inclines to the belie!
that they were the margin of the ancient sea,
which has changed level from the u|)heavals
of the continent. This must have been inter-
mittent; so that pauses o( curred, diiriiiL' which
vei pcKcpiibly risin- lioui tin' -^ea within the
histiuic period, .It tile rate ot two or three
feet a century. We know too little of the
laws that govern these subterranean iiiove-
ments. to dniv the [)ossibility of siu h inter-
mittent changes in the levil of the sta.
While till' tdil'f margins might have been the
• ibrupl shore in an eMremelv ancient pi-riod.
the bars of sand on the highest levels ina\
have been formed on the inland margin of
sh.illow waters, al si)ine dist.mce from dei')!
w.itiu'-, as may be seen in course of form.ition
in some places at tlu' present time.
Diriii 01 rue. Si. 1,.\\\ ki nik. — Tidi— is
nil, I.AKi-.
The soundings in the river, .imong the
isl.mds, indie, ite a great irregiil.irity of depth,
the bottom being generally rocky, and ipiite
•IS diversified as the p.irts that rise above the
surf.ice. 'I'he gre.itest depth is 1 jo feet, but
the usual soundings are from thirty to sixty
t'eet. .\s a general rule, the navig.ition .imong
the inlands is entirelv safe to vessels of the
si/e iisu.ilK rmploved upon these w.Uers, and
.ill the d.iiigeroiis rocks and reels li.ive their
jiositions marked.
I'he level of the river dilfers one vear with
another, the extreme range being about seven
feet. 'I'hese changes are not the immediate
el'lei ts of the exccsivf r.iins, such as laiise
lloods in other river-^, but appe.ir to be oci .1-
sioned by the different ipi.inlities of rain l.ill-
ing, in some years uicu-e th.in in others, and
which finds its w.iy duun months afterward.
.\ series of sever.il yiirs of high water, an<l
others i>f low w.iter, .ire known to occur.
The levi-1 of liie river is .ilso alTecti'd by
strong previiling winds, blowing up or down
the lake, and several instances of ripid fall,
followed bv .1 retiirniiiL; vv.ive of extr.iordinarv
height, have beiii 1
eportt'd. .Some li.ive siip-
tlie i oast-line remained stationarv for cenlu- posed these sudden changes of level to be
c.iused by earthipiake-slioi ks, but a more
juobable theory ajipears to be that they iire
ries, anil in which tht.
aves would h
time to cut
hlf^
or throw up beaches.
throw down litlor.il deposits and sandbanks ociasioned by the passage of a water-s|)out.
near tlu' shore.
or ,1 tornailo at a distant
i()int.
'I'lieri' is
In support of this theorv, he cites tlic ex- also found to be a slight, bul well-m.irked tide
i
J
ample of S( .uulinavi.i, wlii( h has been slowlv.
the lakes, depeiuling upon lunar < lianges,
/.'()/ \7'./A7/.s ('/■ //// /IIOIS.LX/) /.s/..L\/)S.
?.S\
•\
likf iliDsc up<in the iHiMii, ( aii.ihlf dI llu-
saiiU' |iri'<li<li(in. .mil guwriu'il liv the --amc
l,i\v>. This t.ii I li.ii liL'L'ii inoscd by loiiv-
contimiL'd, ^L-ir-ircoidiiii; ohserx ations. It
may ntu-n bf ili>}^iii-.L-il li\ 'f)>< illatidii in tlu'
level (irca^iolU'd by the \\ iiuN. it was <ib-
servcil by ('haiU'\ oi\, in r;.'!, that the level
of the lake i hani^ed several tinier in a ilay.
a-< ina\ be si'en ainwhere aloni; the shore,
es[)erially u|Hin a i;enll\ -^hipin^ bea( h. This
is |)rr)bably due chielK Id the ac timi ol the
winds.
liOUNDAKV l.i\r> 111 r\\ I I \ I 111 'I'ud
('iiF\ I !.;\.Mi.\ r^.
in Ireinli ccihinial times, llicie was nn
l)Oiin(lary a< knowledgcd by both govirnmeiits,
as cxistin}^ between the I'reiK h and l-!n;jlish
settlements, i-'-.u h |)arl\ ( l.iniud t.ir bevond
the point allowed by the other, ,ind the en-
croachments of the tormer upon I., ike ('ham-
plain and in the west ,irc well known to have
led to the w.ii tli.it ended in 17(10. in the
e-^t.iblishment of l',n^li--h .iiithoiity over the
whole.
The pro\ini e of (^)uebe( , as crcited by
royal pro< him.ilion, wa^ bounded on the
south, from the (■oiine< ti( lit to the Si. l.aw-
rt'iice rivers, by the liii'- of 45" norlh l.ititude,
and south-westward b\ .1 line riinnmj; from
the point where this line inlerse( te(l the St.
I, aw re me to the south end of 1 ,.ike Nipessinn.
.\ sur\ey of the line of .\^' \\a> begun in 177-'
by John (lollins, on the p.irt of (Jiiebei', ,ind
Thomas Vallentine.on the p.ul ot New \'ork,
but the Litter h,l\inj; died, ('laiide |oseph
Saiithier was appointed in his placi'. .md the
work was compleled ( )< lober 20, 1774.
In the tre.itv of i7.S^, the line of ihe river
,md I. ikes w.is .iilopted .is tlu' bouiuhuN west-
ward from St. Re;;is, but no siir\i'\s of this
p.irt were iindert.iken until .iboiit tliirt\-li\e
I line I. i7'/>. In the ineanlimc, the tlisciis-
sion .Is to boundaries (■oiitinue<l, and Lieuten-
.int-(jovernor j. (J. SiiiK oe, of I'jiper Canada,
was p.irtiiiilarly strenuous in insisting; upon
.111 .iggressive adv.ince of the frontier, that
should secure to liritish interests in the inte-
rior the ma;:nili( ellt empire \vhi( h the Trench
h.id endeavoreil to establish. lie would have
had Xi.i.nara the se.il f)f j;overnment of this
Taii;lisli \meri< .1, and h.id his lust concessions
iieen .lUowed. the western boiindarv of the
I'nited States would have been the (lenesec
river, and a line extending; from its head-
w. iters to the sources of the Ohio, and thence
southw.ird, alonj; the .Mlenhenies to the Gulf
CO, 1st.
When this 1 ould not be secured, he pro-
posed .1 line from Presipie Isle | I'.rie. I'a. | to
l'ittsburi;h ; then the Cuyahoga, and, as a last
extremity, tlie .Miami river. Tl.irly in 179^,111
a long letter to the home government, he
pointed out the great ad\ant,iges th.ii would
result to Can. id, 1 from the adoption of a line
ih.it should run fr>)m Lake ()nt,irio across the
country to the southern I'ud of lake (!h.mi-
phiin, im hiding the disputed bound, iries upon
til, It hike. L'ntil the last )iiomenl, he had
clung to tlu- hope of attaching Wrmoni to
C'.inad.i, and the correspondeiu e of that
period shows that an expeitation of this
result had been encour.iged by the turbulent
le.iders in that State as an alternative pre-
ferred to submission to tiie authority of either
ol till.' I hiiming Stales. He adds :
'■ I slioiiM think Oswejrd, .im) | (jiiislion wlielliir
Niagara would ikiI To a clieap saciilice for siicli a
liiiiil. wliiili woiilil In- strictly ilftiMisivi' on oiii pail,
.mil r.iliiihileil lo |>i(!venl fiitiiri- (lisajireeiiionls. I
liavi I'c.iid llial ("arllon ls|;iiul, the most iinporlani
I'osi on l.aki' Ontario, is on llie Hiilish side of llio
Hne .IS the luttir cIliiiirI is l)el\vcen tlial and llic
soiiiluin shore "
Ag.iin, in writing to the Kt. Hon. Henry
vears .ilterw.irds.
A
Til
e milit.irx posts on the Dundas, November 4, 1792, he sayr
I be
merican side of tlu' boiindar\ were held bv to send a
the river St. Lawrem e, that
tl
le liritish for the purpose of protei ting tlu
in
case of a tre.ity being entered into with the
claims o
f Mrilish Mibii( Is until dcliniielv United States, it may plainly a|ii)ear of what
reiimpiished under the |,i\ treats, sii:
xember 19. 1794, under which it w.is agn
No- ( onseipienre it is to render it eTec tii;
(1
permanent, that the Hritish boundary should
I \
lli.it lluv sllOll
Id
gnen up on or bctore
the islam
)f the St, Lawrence.
i
./ >('ri/:.\//: or nil s r i..\\\i<i..\ti khi-.k.
I iiiU-i ilu- lir.iiN III (llicni, uIikIi fiuli'il
llu- w.ii (il 1S12 15, IV'td \\. I'mlir w.i-, .ip-
liointcd on llic |mii of tlic I nitcil Si:itt>. and
Andix'w li.ucl.iy on iIk- |p.ui oI (Ire. 11 ilriiain.
as I uniini-.sionL'rs to run and niaik llir lini-.
'I'lu' siirxcy «.!> ln'L;iin in 1S17, and ilicir rc-
|ioit was sij;iuil lune iiS, iSjj, siilijfcl to rali-
ficalion by tlu-ir res|iertivo j;o\ rrnnKtils. 'riicir
opuralions wltc 1 ondiu tid with mm li jirc-
ci^ion, and the details \vti\- ixdin cd to maps
that liavf ni'ver hcL'n i>iil)lishi;(l. (!opics of
tlic^c are |>ii-si-r\ cd in ihi' of In us of rciord ol
tlic (ountriL's ( onccrni'd.
W'liili' the lioiind.irs survey was in proj^ress,
Col. Samuel ilaukins. the at;ent of the Ameri-
can commission, j;.ive a fete ehamiieire upon
one of tile lower islands, to which the mem-
bers of the commission on both side^ uer ■ in-
vited. The ineiiieni is described 1>\ Mi.
Darby, who say^^:
'' The il.iy vv.e- even on iIk' St. L.iuiiiii c iiiuoin-
inonly luie. .nul amid ilie proves of ;\s|ien. wikl-
I licrn anil limlcii trees, llie scene seemed moie
llian eaillily. Mis, Ilawkin^' (■rc'-iilec.l, and in the
liiiwiis of tin- Si. l.,iuienee rei.alled llie mo-i piil
ished in.mner- <il 1 ivili/.ed society in tile eiowded
■ ily. At tlu' ilose of iveninn Miij'" lo^ii'li Del.i-
lield and myself walked ovei llie island, ami in
fnll view of the objects whicli excited oui fedinys,
conclnded that no spot on tlie ylolir could nni'.c in
so small a space more to please, to .inui-e, and
gratify the faiicv."
I'lie earlier surveys between the St. Law-
rence and Connecticut ri\ ers beinu; m.ide with-
out precision, were found in iSiSto be almo-.t
everywhere tipon a line too tar north. \\
St. Re^^is the departure from the trui' latiluile
of 45" was found to be i,,^75 feel; at the
l'"rench Mills | I'Dri ('()\ in;;toii ) il wii 15.)
feet; at Ch.iteau^uy river, 975 I'eet, and .it
Rouse's i'oint, 4,570 feet.
The governinent of the I'niied Stalo had
beL;un to erect , I fort on Lake ( 'hamplain, near
what was the supposed boundary, soon .ifter
the w.ir id" iSi.'-i^, and this w.is wholh car-
ried over into ('inada, bv the survey of 181H.
It had been christened "Fort .Mont.i;omer\, "
but now in common jtariance w.ts c. tiled " Idri
crtv. It bi'i ,iiii( the ple\ ot whoever those to
plunder it of materi.iK, as needed for build-
iiil; purposes. Iiii.illy b\ the surveys ol
i.S(j. the old line of 1774 was t;iken as a com-
promi-.e, .ind the site bein^ thus restored to
the posM'ision of the I'liited States, work was
resumed .md < .irried, we belie\'e, tu comple-
tion uiuler the orii^inal name
In the surveys made under the Webster-
.Xshburton treaty of 1S42, J. 15. liiicknall I'',st-
(ourt, lieutenant-colonel, was ;ippointecl by
the l;o\ eminent of (lre.it hritain, and .\lbert
Smith by th.it of the I'nited St.ites. They
( (iMl'irined the line in the river, as it h.id been
loc.ited under the tre.ity of Cdient, .md the
old line marked by \'allentine and Collins be-
tween the St. Lawrence ;ind Lake Chamjilain.
i'hev wc-re able to follow this line by the
marks (in the trees, still visible, or found by
<uttinj4 into them; but where these could not
bi' foiiiul, or where cle.irinj^s hail been in.ide,
slraij;ht lines were run between these old
landmarks, and iron monuments were set at
everv allele of delleetioii, and .it the crossing'
of rivers, lakes .md ro.uU. The bound, iry
line is. therefore, not on the true |i.irallel of
4f, . nor in the middle of the ch.mnel.
but it i> a cduv enlioiKil line, .ii;reed upon by
both HON ermiu'nts, and ac( uratelv tUdined by
moniimenls .md rei mils.
The l.uuer isl.mds in tin- St. Lawrence, be-
Icnv ( )L;densburi;, li.id Iohl; been settled under
St. l<.i'L;is Indi.m litli>, .md weri' occupied at
the time of the suivev bv settler--, who, up to
til, It time. Ii.iil been rei^.irded .is jirilish sub-
jects.
Some foriv years afierw.irds, the persons
who h.id sust.iineil losses by this transter ap-
jilied to the State of New \ Ork for compens.i-
tion, and their claims bei .ime the siibjei t id'
investigation and of legislative a<:tion for their
leli.-f.
Ih nuiii.k vi'iin .\i. anp Tniocu viuik \i,
S t • K V I- V s.
ia<iiisj| SI nv 1- vs.
The first surveys (d' Lakes Ontario and l'",rie
I
\
Hlund
er.
The .\mericans being unable, and were made in the
siimn
ler of 1789, under the
the Canadians unwilling to protect the prop- direction of Mr. Nilf, an engineer.
ri
/./(;/r/-//(>rs/:s ('/■■ nil: iiiors.ixn isi.,\.\ns.
233
(inly cmliraccil tlu- south sliure ot l,:ike (.* '-
lario, from Cark'iun Island to Niagara, and
the s<)\itli shore of Lake luii', from its fastcrn
end to Detroit.
Thf cnj;ineer's instructions requirfd him, in
aihlition to tiic soiindint^s, to note the loca-
tions [)roper for ship-biiihlinj,', the i|uality of
land for settlement, and the kind of timbei
along the shores. It will l)e remembered that
tile wiiole of this region, now witliin tiie
States, was then still lield liy the British mili-
tary authorities, and it may be inferred from
the above instructions that they were lookin;^
forward to a time when it should be |ierma-
nently under their control.
Soon after the war of 1813-15, -^ survey of
the eastern end of Lake Ontario and of the
river .St. Lawrence, as far down as the (lallo|)
Rajiids, was nicule by Capt. W. I''. W. Owen,
of the Royal Navy, with soundings, a definite
delineation of the shores and islands, and some
topograijliical details concerning the adjacent
]),irts. 'Phi survey was completed in 1818,
and published by the Hytlrograjjliical Office
of the .\dmiralty in 1828, forming a series of
ri\e < harts. These were re-engraved, with
corrections, in 1861, and are found in the( ol-
lections known as the " liayfield CJharls."
which in all embrace an extensive series of
lake surveys.
An el.djorate survey of the region around
Kingston, including the adjacent islands, upon
.1 large scale, and showing the contour of
surface and details (jf topograiihy. with sjiecial
reference to its military defences, was pre-
pared a few years since, and a limited edition
printed.
LfN'irKD Sr\ri.s Lakk. Si:k\kvs.
For many years, the survey of the noithern
•uid northwestern lakes has been in course of
execution by the corps of engineers of the war
(le])artinent. These trigometrical and hydro-
graphical surveys were begun U|)on Lake On-
tario and the river St. Lawrence about ten
years since, anil during the years 1871 to
1875, were extended along the river from St.
Regis to the lake, under the direction of
Ilrig.-Cien. C, I!. Comstoi k. In 1S76, the re-
sults were published in six (harts, wlii( h rep-
lesont the part of the ri\er from St. Regis to
the loot of Wolfe Inland, ujion a scale of 1 to
30,000 or a little more than two miles to an
inch. They embrace the whole of the river,
and the topography of both shores, l)ut do not
indicate the boundary line. A map of the
eastern end of Lake Ontario, being No. 1 of a
separate series, on a s( ale of i to 80,000, or
about four-lifths of an in( h to a mile, has also
been pui)lished under the same direction.
These (harts all have a great nimiber of sound-
ings, with indications of the nature of the bot-
tom, the ( ontour and cultivatit)n of the land
on the islands and adjacent shores, the place
of buildings, the lines of roads, and of streets
in villages, and the character and extent of
woodlands, with an accuracy of detail that
proves the excellence of the work.
Light-Houses.
.\ few fa( ts concerning the light-houses
along the St. Lawrence, may not be without
interest :
The .\mf.ric\n' Light-Houses are under
the care of a "light-house board," in the
Treasury Department, and the coasts and rivers
of the ( ountry are divided into fifteen districts.
Of these, the tenth district extends from St.
Regis to Detroit, with the headtjuarters of
the inspector and engineer at Buffalo. Within
this district, there are sixty-seven bglit-houses,
and about 150 buoys (spars and cans), an-
chore(' .io as to show the course of the chan-
nel, or the position of dangerous places,
'i'hese spars, etc., are taken up at the close of
navigation, and re])laced after the ice has dis-
appeared in the spring. By their color and
numbers, tliey give information tliat all navi-
gators must understand. There are si.K
American lights from Ogdensburgto Tibbett's
Point, inclusive. They have all fixed white
lights, with lens apparatus of the fourth or
sixth order. 'I'heir names uiul position are
as follows:
Ogdensburgh, on a rocky islet, 190 yards
from south shore; built in 1834; refitted in
[870; a square tower, 42 feet high, with
keeper's dwelling.
234
A socv/:\/R (^/ riir sr i.awrf.we a'Iif.r.
I
l<r'l
it
('i()>N-iiMi ULind, JO mill's .ilicnc ( >i;ili'ns-
biirg; .1 tdwci 37 Ici-l lii^h.on ki-i'iifr'^ lnii k
ilwi'lliiig: laiiifin hl.ick: l)uili in 1S37; ni'ittcil
in 1.S70.
SistLT Islanil, (i\ miles lurtln'i up; .1 towiT
on kei'iH'i's sioMi' ihM-ilinj:; l.intirii Mat k. with
ri<l diinu'; Imilt in 1S70: laiulit. 43 tcil.
Sunken R(M k, (i milo tiirilur up, im liush
Island, abniit a i|iiarici ol 1 miU- nnith ni
Alexandria May; an (utaj^iinal l)ii( k lower,
slicilhcil with hoards; white; height, 31 li'ct;
built in 1.S47; rililtid in iS^^.
Koi k Island, 7 iniKs luriher ii|i; kii|nr's
dwelling of liii( k, white, with a low tower on
tc)]); dome bl.iek; heij;lit, 39 iVet ; biiill in 1S47;
refitted in 1X55, [Shown hereilter. )
I'lbbetl's Point, J3 miles al)o\e. at the out-
let ol' the lake; a stone buildiiiL; ( onnei ted liy
covered w.iy with a round brie k tower (\', teet
hif^h; white; built in 1SJ7; relllted in 1X54.
The oldest li;jhtdiouse on the lake is that
near I'ort Niagar.i, built in 1S13; the ni'Xi
oldejit is the one on (lallo Island, built in
iS.'o. All the liuhts on the St. Lawrence and
the dreat lakes are iliscontiniied I'mni
Jauu.iry 1st until the openint; ot' na\i^ation,
unless otherwise spec ialK direi tc'd.
riu' l>i)\iiMi>\ lac II 1- 1 Iiii -r SysiiM is
under the 1 harue ol the Minister ol Marine
and fisheries, and at the be-innin^ ol' iSSo
einbrai e<l 4.SJ li;.;h!s, ot whii !i Labrador had
4; \e\N roundlaiul 3; (iull and Ki\ir ol St.
Lawrenie 140 to Montreal n; trom tiieiu e
to W'indir.ill I'dint near l'res((Jtt, and 10 trom
theiK e to the lake; Sa^ueiiav River (>; Kiililieu
River 5; Lake Meiuphramaj^o;: (r. Ottawa
River iii; Lake ( )ntario 2i)\ Lake .Siinc oe 1;
Lake Lrie 15; Detroit River _•; Lake St, (lair
1; Lake Huron 3.'; Lake Superiorly; I'rince
lalward Isl.md jij; Cipe liri'ton Island .•3:
\<j\a S( Dti.i (Atlantii Coast) (13; I'.av ot
i'undy 48; St, John's River 13; Winnipeg 1,
and Mritisli Columbia 7.
The ( an;idian liuhts trom I'rescijti to I., ike
Ont.irio are as follows :
Cole Sho.d, on a pier live miles west ni
15ro< k\ iUe.
(irenadier Island (S. W. point), two miles
below Rockport.
Lmdoe Island. Il\e miles ui'sl ol Roc kpolt.
( iaiianoilue N.iriow s, ii\ r miles below ( iana-
noipie, (HI Little Sl,i\e Island.
J.ii k Straw Slmal, on a pier, north sule of
ch.iunel, tlilee miles below ( l.iiiain npie,
.Spe( i,i( le Shoal, on a pier, noith side, one
.ind a ipiarter miles west ol'( ian.inoipie,
Red lloise Rii(k, on pier, S. L. side of
cli.innel, one mile above Sjiectai le Shoals,
Ihirnt Isl.ind, .it S, L, p<iinl of island, north
siile of i h.ninel, h.ill mili' from Red Horse
Roi k.
Wolfe Isl.md, on (Quebec , or east ]i(iint of
island and I'.rown's or Kn.ipp's I'oint, on
Uolte Isl.md.
'I'liese .lie .ill l"i\ed sinu;le lijihts, with metal-
lic rellei tors, on white si|ii;ite uooileii lowers,
•md Were .ill buill in iS^fi, e\ci']it Wolfe
Island Liiiht in iSni. .ind tli.it on llrowii's
I'oint in 1.S74
Sll \M Nwh.AllciN LTON I.AKI: t)Nl.\U|0
A.M) I III S r. L.\W KI.M 1 .
The lirst ste.imbo.it ih.il .ippeared upon
this lake u ,is the ( >neid,i. in 1.S17. The bo, it
w.is 110 teet Ioiil;, lueiitv-foin wide, and
<iL;lit deep, .lud me.isiiied .'37 Ions, .ind li.ul
.1 low-pn'ssiire 1 ross-he.id en;;ine, and ,1
I hit t\ -foiir-iiii h I \ Under u ii h foil 1 -feet stroke,
Slie h.id two m.ists, ,ind utiI s.iiN wlnn the
v\iiid t.iviued. It w.is indeed .1 lieu er.i in
ii.u lu.ilion, and Hum this time hurhaiu boats,
b. lie, Ills, .111.1 .ill ihe pie, IS. lilt ;isso( iatiolis
whii li bo.r. si)nL;s lei .ill were doomed to dis-
.ip|ii'.ir. 'I'he new ste.imboat w.is indeed a
wdiider in this ]iart of the wurld, and ,it every
l.indiuu ' rowds .iss,iiibled ficjin f.i; ,ind wide,
to ( .it( h a view ol till' ("irst wreath of smoke
from her ^tac k, .md to w.iti h and wiuider
.is she slow h .11 id 111,1 jeslii .illy ( ,ime up, ,ind as
she independently ilep.irted on In r ,i]ipointe<l
i oiirsi'. I'",vi'ry \ill,ii;e tli.it could iniister a
1 .mnon, ,ind every steeple lh,it h,id ,1 bell, an-
iioiim ed the exeiit, and joined in the weh ome.
lionfires .md illumin,itions, the 1 on^rituLilioiis
of Iriends and interchange of hospitalities,
sijfn.ili/ei,! ihe event .ilonj; the whole of the
route, and the occ .ision was jotted down ,is
one to be long reineinbcred. The round trip
I
)•■,
.\. //7i,. / //('\ ; \/> / / i//.7/.7\(;.
-m;
lioni ( )(;(li'i)slMiri;li lo l,iwi-.lnn iii|iin(il tin
(l.iys. I'.iri!, 5(i(f in ilic (.ilun, ,inil >«!S on
(U'ck. M.istcr, ('aplaiii M.ill.iby, 'I'lic ( iiic-
iili iin till I'S,;.'. seldom inakin;; nmri- lli.iii
l':\i' nules at) hour. 'I'lic !■ rotitciun: canic out
tioin Kitij^stoti ttot lonn alttT. From tliistimi-
down, llic nutiilirr lias bfci) U'jjion; Imt sine i-
till' (()m|ilctiipn of ilii; (ir.ind Trunk Raihv.iv,
the im|iort,mt I' ol' -.team ti.ivigation lias j^ri'.ilU
(ictliiud, and several line steamers were taken
down llie ra|iids never to retnrn.*
I'liii wliatevei the future inav determine, .is
rej;ard-> the lines of i)Usiiiess travel, the St.
I.iwrenee will always, in it-, islands and
Its r.ipids, present an attr.ietive route for tour-
ists in the sunmier season. We ma\ never
a;;ain witness a lleit of steamer, as ma^;iiil'i-
tetU as those of the " ( )ntario .ind St. I.iw-
renee Steimlxial Co.," whieh in its lust ilays
li.id elewn su< h in d.iilv us, — while the C.ina-
ilians at the s.imc time had numerous elej;.int
steamers fully em|)loyed; hut under the l.iw
universally true in Imsiness, that the su[i|ily
mil he ri'^nlaled liy the dem.iiid, wr may
( oiilidentU look for abundant comfort and
elei;ni( I' in these steamers Upon the St. I.aw-
reiii e. The history of steam navijialion
se ir( ely presents a more rem irkahle freedom
hom accidents than dcjes th.it upiui this hike
,nid river — a circiinist.inc e due as well to the
intrllinence of those entrusted with their n.ivi-
i^alion, ,is to the sagacity of owners, who s.ivv
their true interest to consist in the cert.iinty
of their eng.igeinents, rather than in a rejuita-
tion for extraordinary achieveiiunts in amount
of luisiness, or hi.nh r.ite of speed.
The I'lne boats of the l''olL;er lirothers, as
* .\ laiyc amiHini of iiifiiiiii.iiiciii I'oiiccrniiii; sicixiii-
lici^Us ll|Hin lllf lake will he lullllil Ml I loil(.;lrs | lisioiy
cpf Si. I.:uviiiico and franklin ('Duntirs (isf;(l. ami
in ll.idihxk's History of |e(Tersoii ("diinly ( iSc);).
For many yc.irs ("laylon was a noted place for
sleaiiiboat l)uihlinu. Soniu of tlic liiiest sleaiiurs
thai ever appeared on iliise waters caiiie from the
shipyard of Mr. John O.uies. of tli.il pl.ire. Of
these the .New York and the Hay Stale,— trnly mag
nilicent in ilieir appoinlments, were afterwards em-
ployed on novcrninent service in tlie Sonlli. Oihi'i
well .Is of ihi' Ki( lielieii ,ind ()nt.irio N.ivig.i-
liiin I'omp.iny, h.ive lerlainlv reduced jire-
( isioii to perfei lion, .iiul .itcidents to ;i mini-
mum.
I.ifi'-s.iv ing st.ilions were first established
by the ( iov eriitnent of the I'nited States upon
Lake Ontario, in the summer ol i.S54, « oii-
sisting origin.illy of Fr.incis's .Met.illic I.ife-
Hoats, with fixtures, but without buildings
to shelter, or crews to m.inat;e them. 'I'he
system li.is sim e been perfected .is tlie wants
of the servii e reipiired.
The jirescnt lines thr<iu^h the I housand
Islands .ire 'piite numerous, by f.ir the larger
part being owned .md run by the I'oiger liros.,
of KmL;ston. Tluir boats .ire in every w.iy
superior, .md really le.ive nothing to bo desired.
l.rMIUUl.M. IPuN till; RlVll; St. I,AW-
KI.Nl K..
In several of the descriptions given in the
preceding pages, allusitm is made to wood-
bind scenes and woodmen's l.ibor. One of
the earliest and most extensive operators in
this line w.ls Willi, im Wells, eldest son of
Thos. Wells, from S.indown, N. II., who ( .ime
to Cm.id.i in 17.S7, .md began lumbering
oper.itious about 1790, on the island to which
his name' is now often ai)|ilied. He would
est.iblish a shanty at a < onvcnient jioint, and
with llie.iid of hired men, work up into staves
.ill the timber suitable to his use within con-
venient reach, and when this was exhausted
he would remove to another place. He thus
went over the whole of this island and other
isl.inds in the river, until the business became
no longer protitable. His market was I'-ng-
land, by way of (Quebec, to which ))lace his
stock was sent upon rafts. At a later period,
("arlton Island for a short time became an
important lumber station, and later still, Clay-
ton, where for many years immense ipiantities
of timber, brought down from the upper lakes
in vessels, were made up into rafts in Freni h
Creek, and sent down to Quebec. It was
there again loaded into vessels, for the Kuro-
.111 markets
In recent vears, the foot of
laki
sieanieis were used diirinn our l.ue war as
blockade ninners on the Southern coast.
Wolfe Island, and darden Island, opposite to
Kingston, have been the princii>.il lumbering
= 3S
./ .v'r/7;.\/A' ('/•■ /■///■■ >/■. /../;/-A'A.\( /•. av; a.A'.
II !
st.uicms 1)11 ihc nviT. \'\\c l>u--iiii--.-. li.i-- Im .1
lonj; tiiiU' (li'pciulfil ii|iiin ^llll|lll^■•^ l)iiMiL;lu
down lri)iii ili^tanl pdiiiN m tin- \\\st. aiul i>
lunv ^ir.itly iidiu cd (rom thr i\luiii^.lu)ii of
bii|ii>lic>.
Al I UMNAI, SCKM k\ .i| rUK NiiKllilKN
S I A I 1,> AMI Ml ( ' \\ All A.
\\r D.WL' iKiliciil III the (k>i ri|ili(m> oi >c\-
cral trawlliTs in tin- pict I'ding iii};f> ,111
alliisit))! to the (oloriiiL; of the fori.'>t> of
this rt'i;i(in towaiils ihr <Ki>c of a'.iluiim,
forinini;, mdceil, one ol' the aiirailions
most likoly to fix itself in the iiu'iiioiy in
the declining season of the year. 'I hi-> was
most fully j;i\en by the Cieniian traveller. I )r.
Koiil, whose account of the islands will In-
found on luecediiii; pa;4cs. We will 1 oui-
nieiii e the (lescri|plion with hi-> .'.rrival at
Kiiigston, laic on a warm, biit;ht, ri( hly-col-
ored autumnal afternoon, w hen the setting; sun
presented a ino^t imiiosiiii; appearani i.. There
was still enough of dayliuhl hit to ^et a t'lne
\iew of the city and it-. suliurb>, and he de-
parted by steamer fiu' Toronto the sanu' e\e-
ninL;. lie des( lilies the pa-sa,i;e as one of
e\(Hlisite beaul\. the la-t l^Iow of twili;4ht
shedtling a glor\ omu' the apparently bound-
less water. wlii( h seemed, like the sea, w illiout
limit. A^ it L;rew dark, the waters I'resented
the novel spectacle of moving lighls near the
short', where the fishermen were following
their business by tt)rchlight ; .uid. Liter in the
night, the heavens were lit uji by the aurora
borealis with unusual splendor.
It
niav almost be (pieslioned as to whether,
d th
shitting s( enes of no' \lty. our
worthv traveller not lime for .1 moment's re-
liir Ciiliilliln sliiiulil ikvi lii|' ilsill III Mull .1 I.iiiil of
liiisl, wlii'ii- llic [..ill lU' of li.Ume is |iiips|i|('il Willi
siirli ;i v.irii'ly of hiicly yiailiLili tl hues llu' i vr 1-
■•li.ii |ii'iH'il 10 then ililli'iinii'-., wliili' in lioiiii al ii-
HioMS, wlic'ie the cliicf colors .ipin'ai iiiosi shikinyly.
llie si'iisi". .ir(' d.i//ii il. A'- llie sun lost. I K iii.iikiil
111 Illy suipii^r lli.it llie leiliicss of llic iiioi iiili<; (l.iwii
li.icl not |ias>eil fioiii tin- lioii/oii, .is it coninionly
Joes, but rciiiaineil lianniiiK as a vciy cUeitli'd red
st'>;iiH'Ml of a ciicli'. .iiid tlic liiyiui the ?un lose, the
fiiillicr il stretched, till lnw.irds eli vcri o'clork ll oc-
iii|iie(l one-half of ll.r hmi/oii. while the ii|i|Misiic
side, which w.is of .1 liulil Hiayisli lint, losi '.^loiiiid
more .mil nioii'. .inii al Icnjjih the sun appealed as a
radi.tiit focus in (he i ciiler of an alinuspliere of
liglil, wliicli, Willi few \ .iii:ilion'-. p.issed inio red all
round llu' lioii/011. I s.iw ihi- niiiark.ilile plinicnu-
ennn liere for ihe tiisl nine, Imt .ilurw;iiil>- lic-
i|urnllv, and learned that il especially lnli iiycd 10
llie ' liulian Suininer,' .nul was known iindci ihe
name of ' the pink iiiisi.'
A short lime .ifter. our tr.iveller. in passing
Tiorthw.ird from Toronto, on the route lo
I., ike .Siniiiie. h.ul mcasion to again revert to
the glories of the autuinnal forest, which he
h.ul .ilread) noticed in jiassing .imid the'TlKui-
sind Isl.mds. His description has no loi al
.ipplication. but will f.iiihfiilly represent the
impressions of .111 intelligent oliser\er in the
deciduous forests of any part of the NoillieMi
Slates, and of ("anad.i, in the fading season
of the ye;'.":
" .'lie tries here still yloricd in the rich cnloriiii;
of their leafnm', allhoimli in (•ueluc. a forlniyiil Le-
forr. the vegi'l.ilion had assumed a liati- and wiiiii\
aspect. 'The clenanl and iiiiu hpii/dd m.ipli' w.is
conspicuous .nnionu ihiiii. as ii imisily is inCaiiada.
ives e.\liil)iled inon
Mill
mil ^ladaliiiiis
if uol
lU'ii-vellow anil ciim
son lli.iii cm lie found in
Inst furnished coloi-lmx. I'Aim when \oii walk
aik
day>
llu fiiicsl, the liees slied
iriuind you such n"ri;<
•lots lliai
>u ini^hl ini-
jiose,
tor
his descripti(Ul of llu' midnight agine il w.is liriiihl sunliKlu. \ 011 seem to I'l
.uiror.i, v til Its
Jc
iiencils of b'^ht. it>
coron.i. an
d its dazzling .irch, p
dire< tlv
\)i in llie midst of some magic siinsel of the
lecliiiing year. The leaves of the ma|de are, loo.
on the hike, tluil
as el
;aiillv cut as iliey aie
ichlv adorned wilh
color, .11111
llii' Canadians pay them the same lionuge
as the Iiisli do ihcir green
iioilal shamrock.
into the jiii lure of .1 inori
follows :
" Itiit its spleiidois weie f.u excecdi ll in lieaulv liy Thcv are colleiled, presseil .md preserved; ladies
llie tender lints of the aurora orienlalis ih.ii .ifier- select the most licauliful lo form natural gr'ilands
wards showed ihinisilves on the e.isiern hori/iin. and for their hall-dresses. You see in ( anad i lahlcs
ihllu-ii light. A and other furniture inlaid with lioinpuis aiic' wrealhs
then tilled die whole almospheii' vi
delic.ile iiiisl h.ul risen low;ird sunrise, and the sii
of varnis
led m.iple leaves, ami you see a 1 elegant
had made use of lliis gaii/.y vei
laliH il wilh the sie.mier with ihe n.ime M.iple Leaf painlci
111 large
lovelies! pale lints. I do iiotwoiiilrith.it the l.iste lellers on llie side. Somelimes the Canadians wmilil
I in: ni.M rii.s or .u iimx.
.isk liic, ill llieir glorious woods, wliclln'i I liail ever
•iicii anylliiiii; like llioin in I'-iiiopi-; ;ind if I an-
swcii'd lli.il, iIioukIi ihcir wodds were cs|ii;ii.illy
liiaiillfMl, I liad cIsL'wlu ic oliscrvi'd red and m How
.iiiliiiiin Umvcs. llifv wciiild smile and shake their
litMils, as if ihey uicinl Id say ihat a sti.in>;ti could
never a|ipreciait' Iho heaiilies of a Canadian fiircsl
ihns dvin^ in t;ohli n ll.iinc. I have seen a Swiss,
bom and bred .iinoiiy the Alps, smile jusi as pity
injjlv at the enthnsia^m of sliaiit,'ers fm their inonn-
l.iin>. eviilentiv ie;;ardini; it as a mere momentary
llaie, and lliai ihcy only i oulil know how to v.dne
the chainw of a land of inonnlains.
"The ina;;n;li(ent coloiiiiH of these trees strikes
\oii ino'<t, I think, when the gilding' h,is onlv just
liegun. .md the j;reen, yellow and seat let tints arc
mingled with the most ilelii ate tratisitions. Some
limes II seem- as if N.iture were aninsing herself
Willi till SI' tjr.ii'edil playlhiims, for yon see aieen
liec s uvisted about with jrailands of rich red loaves,
like wreaths of roses, and llien a^'ain red liec s, wheie
the wiialhs ate jjrecn. I followed with delight, loo,
the series of changes, frjin the most biilliaiit i lim-
soii to the darkest claret coloi, then to a rich hiown,
which passed into the i old pale j^iey of the wiiilci.
It seems to iiK? evident that the snn of this clim.ite
has some ipiile pecnliai power in its be.ims, and that
the f.iintesi lini of the antumii foliage lias a pure in-
tensiiv of coloi that yon do mil see in lairope.
I'ossililv yon see the climate and chaiacler of ('an-
adaniiiioied in these anininn leaves, audit is the
r.ipid and viulent iransiiions of heal and cold that
produce il'.ese vivid conliasis.
■'Che fiosi ill, It sometimes sets In suddenly afloi
a veiy hoi i\.\\ . is s.ii,| |,) |,i; one of the chief painters
of these American wood . When he docs hnl touch
the tices lliey immediately blnsli losy red. 1 was
warned, therefore, not to regard wh.ii I s.iw this vear
.is the lie pins ultra of his artistic elloiis, since the
frost had come this time very gradually. The snni-
nK'r heat had 'asted iinnsnally lom;, and the droiilli
had been eNtiaordinar\ , so that ihe leaves had be-
come giadii.illy div and withered, insleail of being
suddenly struck by the fiosi wliile their sap was
still .ilnind.iiil, a ncc-ess.uv coiidilion, it a|ipears, for
this biilliant coloring."
.\s if i|ititc' tmal'li' to tear himself from a
Milijcct that had so tlmroti^hiy awakened his
atteiuior., our keenly observant tr.iveiler, after
(lescril)in^' many other scenes of Indian and
I'ii'iieer lite, presented in his northern jour-
ney, a>;ain recurs to his favorite im|iressions.
He had 'i>'eu so dften inlerru|ited by imperti-
nent io.piiries, ,is to who he was, where he
was j^oing, <in wh.it liusiness, wlieiv he in-
tended to buy land, and where he meant to
settle, tiial he I'.td deviseil a ready means of
iretting: rid of ti. 'se ann(;v.in<es — for when
he saw one of tliese impiisitors appro.ichiiij^,
lie at once liej.;. in a simrt biograjihii ,il recit.i-
titjn. statinj^ wiiere born, his orij^in, what he
had come for and what not, and so forth, end-
ing; with the declaration that he diil not in-
tend to settle in tlie country, nor to buy land.
.\s soon as everyl)ody knew who and wli.it he
was, tiiey caret! little more about him, and
having thus cheaply pun based a truce from
further iuipiiry, he cnuKl settie down to the
c.ilm enjoyment <d the scenery before him.
He s.iys :
'■ I would gl.idly give sonn' ide.i of its beauty, but
it is oiien ilillicnll to convey impressions of this
kind, wiihonl f.dliiig into repetilioiis. which, tliough
often f.ir from iinweh nine in nature, win re there arc
alwavs shades of dill'erence, are verv apt to be so in
books. To nie, there was a never-ending enjoyment
ill g.i/ing on the coloring of a Canadian foiest in its
.lulninn.d gloiv. and observing the niodilicalions of
their colors proiluced by a greater or less distance.
From tile imniediate foreground to the remotest
point there was a scale of a hundred digrees. Tlie
irces near at 'laiid were of .i full rose or orange hue.
and every leaf a piece of glittering gold, and \et
every tree had something that disiingnislied it fioin
all the rest, and althcnigh tl:ere were only leaves, the
colors eipialed those of a tropic .il fores! in spring,
when it is covered with lilossoms. r.irtlier on, the
colors were melted together into one general tint of
bright pink, then a little blue mingled with il, and
there aiose s<ver.il softest tones of lilac : soniclimes
according to the conditions of the atmosphere, the
distant woods .iiipcired of ,i deep indigo, and then,
perh.ips, wouhl interpose a little island of glowing
red-golr| upon an a/.iirc ground, but if your eye fol-
lowed the line of forest to the east, the colors as
well as tin; trees sliank together, and a great wood
of leafy o.ik. elm and maide would look like a low
patch of reddish heath."
The poet Whittier, in describing an autum-
nal scene, strikinj^ly aiijilicable to this rej^ion,
although intended tor another, says :
Heneath the westward-turning eye
.\ thousand wooded islands lie —
Oetns of the waters ' — with each lino
Of brightness set in ocean's blue.
Kach bi'.irs aloft its tuft of trees
Touched by the pencil of the frost,
.And, with the motion of each bree/e,
I
H I
'!
J40
.; sof r/:.\/u c/- iiii > r. i..n\-h'i wci lai / h\
A moiiii Ml hccii — a iiioirn iii li)--! —
("h.iiinini; .iiid liU'iii. coiifii-^i'd aiiil loosed,
Tin' liriHlucr w\\\\ till- d.iikcr i losscd.
Tlulr ili'yus.iiul tints nl beamy glow
Down In tin' ic^tlc--.-, w.ivcs lii'low.
And ti( ndilc in (he snnny ^kii's,
V-. if fioni wavinj; tumuli to Imnuli
Klitttd tlic Inrds of paradise,
'i (
THE ST. LAWRENCE REAL ESTATE ASSOCIATION.
1^
! i
m
'i'iii> is tliL' naiii!' (it .III isMii i.itMiii latch'
org.ini/L'd a Alc\ nulri.i B.iy. iluU- incurpor-
ati'd iliuk-r the l.uv^ of tlic St:iti- ol" Now
Vork.
'I'lu' folUnvini; ,iri- the utlK cr-- tor iSy, :
/•r.-slMlll.
Wii.l.i \M V . Hi;iiwsi\i..
;■, -j'^.-jii.iit.
v.. R. II. MM s,
KllU \KI' W. Ill w IV.
Jh. ,Vr.,
Wll I I \\l I '. HK' iW MS'.. ClI \KI.I > I. Ill 1 1^1 IN.
(■||\i;li-<i I''.\iii;n. I Wll - ( '. Sii.Ni I k.
\'.\<\\ \l:|i W. 1)1 Wl N (il .IK'.K ('. I<. II III .
I., k. 11' 'I III \ I \MI— II. Ol.U II \N I .
lii.'PK'.l M. I'l I I \1 \N.
Wll I 1 \\| (". Mk' 'W\i\.,
I.. R IImim n,
I'J'W Mil' W. Dl >\ I N .
'I'lu' oliiecls lor which ihi^ \>so( i.ilion w,i^
lormfil .irc ,is lolh iw> :
I' list. I'd imri ii,i>c ami to hold and oi i ii|)\,
,ind to linv and sell .ind inortn.iLio, or to Ir.iM',
l.mils and real estate mi the shore or on the
islands of the St. Lawrence ri\er. ,md to th.it
]iortion of said river known as " I'he Thous.ind
Mands.'"
Second i'o l,iy oat. iinproxe and lie.intitV
said land-, and real est.ite h\ tile erection .ind
construction thereon, or upon |)ortions theretjf,
a ciub-hoiis.- or c asino, and cottages and other
buildinL^s, and |»iers and wliaivo. terrai c- and
|i!e,isure grounds, for the use and oi ciipation
of this .issoeiation or other |iersons, or of i lulis
or societies organi/^ed for the proinotion .ind
cultivation of social enjo\ uient and recreation
.IS suiiiiiK-r residents of the St. l.iurem e ri\er.
among said Thousand Islands, to whom this
.issoi iation may sell or lease said lands or re.il
estate.
Third. Kspecid referem e is hereliy mide
to "The Thousand Isl.ind ('hih,".in imor-
por.ited associ.iiion under the l.,iws of the
.St.ite of New \'ork, of which the undersigned
are members, to whom the s.iid lands and re.il
est, lie [lurchased .ind improved, or portioiis
thereof, m.iy be le.ised or sold by this
.issociation.
The amount of the capital stock of this
.iss(iciation sh.ill be twenty thousand dollars
(^•o.ooo), divided into two hundred (-'oo)
shares, of the |).ir v.due of one hundred dol-
l.irs (,s;ioo) e.ich, .ill of whi> h sh.ill be c oiii-
iiion stoi k.
The loc.uion of its prim ipal oftice or iil.u e
of business Is in the vill.ige of .\le\,indri,i l!a\-,
wlieri' the stockholders, ilirectors ,ind olti( ers
of this association may meet and trans. ict their
business, ,is m.iy be provided ,ind st.ited in the
bv-laws ol this .issoi i.iiion, or ordered bv the
directors from time to time.
The diir.ition of this Association sli.ill be
fifty ye.irs.
'I'lie number of the directors of The St.
Lawrence Ri\er Re.il Kst.'te .Association shall
be nine, e.uh of wIkuii shall be ,i stockholder.
ha\ ini; at least live shares of stock.
lit
i
^•'l!
i-l-
III
Till, rum .N./.w; y^s/.j.\
D L/. I U.
^43
MEMBE
.Nnnii,
Kicli.ird A. Anlliony. .
(li'oryc C. Iloldt
Will. C. Mrowninj^ . . . .
Henry S. Chaiuller
Mi< had Cliaiinn') . , . .
Alson K. Clark
Riiyal v.. Dcaiic
Edward W. Diwcy . . . .
t'harlcs DohoIuil-
Charles Donohiie, Jr. . .
I'Yancis Donohiie
Ri< hard H. E,i;gkston . .
C:harles G. laiiory
Charles W. lla( heti. . . .
John L. Ilashiouck ....
Charles 11. IIayd<.n . . . .
William B. Hayden ....
Henry R. Heath
C. K. Hill
i;. R. Holden
Charles 1. Hudson
Xathaniel W. Hunt
James W. Jackson
I'red'k L. Kin;;
Kgljcrt I.eh'evie
.Mortimer G. Lewis . . .
D. C. Mcllwen
C. A. Meyers
James H. Oliphant
S. T. Pope
Geo. .\I. Pullman
(iilbert S. Rafferty
RSHIP OF THE THOUSAND ISLAND CLUB.
.\lIIVI: Mi;.M|;|.;k>.
ki-shtcri»L-, ,,
• ^''"\;'') '•""" M'"iii^'nle. Alexandria 1;.
• •^^'"' ^'"k Waldorf n,.tel.
• •^'^•^^- '^■^"•k Hopewell Hall, AKxandri,. Il,,v
• •'"■"o'<lyn llurence Island, •• '
• ';"'"l<ly" Culm Mand,
• ^I'K^'in" Comlori Island,
• •'^;"' ^'"l- Mand Royal,
• ■'^'-■^^' ''"'■l- Dewey Isle. ««
•'''^■'^' ^'"'"'^ St. J„i,n Island.
• ^'^'^^^ ^■"'■'^ St. John Isl.md,
^'^■"' ^'"•■•^ St. John Island,
•"^'-■^^ ^'"'k Idlewild,
■''^'■."' ^ "'■'^ < '■'hnm-t Mand. (^layion. .\. \.
^ '"'' St. L.iwrence Park.
■^''■"' ^'"'■'^ •. Manhattan Island, .Mexandria i:
<-^'''ii'i'>ii\ <"» Ha\den Island,
^'-'"^ Vork Hayden Island! "
"'■""■^lyn NoM.y Mand, "
'"'"''■',^" Wanwinet. "
n. \. V
. \. V.
v, N. \-
.New Viirk
N'fw \ ork
liiookK 11 .
Plainlkld,
New \'ork
New \'ork
.\'ew N'lirk
llrookl)n
\ew York
Tlioiisand Island Park.
'I'lie I,ed,-v.^. -Ue.xandria l!,iy,
-St. Kliiio Island,
■N- J . . . . Ke\\ayden, "
Hotel Westminster, "
-Manhattan Island, "
Ildtel Westminster, "
Wildwoo(,l, '<
'f"!"-' I'Vontenat, Round Island.
^"■""•^'y" \emah-l!in, .Mexandna 11,
Ogdensburg Welcome Island,
<"•''' 'i,i^<' Castle Rest «
PillshurL'
.\. Y.
IV, X. Y.
James C. Spencer
Frank II. Taylor .
\V. J. Townsend .
Royal C. Vilas...
K. P. Willnir South lielhl
•tl
New \'ork . .
Philadelphia
.New \'ork s
Rest,
i^le Imperial, «i
Manhattan Island, "
Shady Ledge, Round Mand.
Rollins H. Wilbur .South I!
W,
A. W
ilbiir Soiill
•^^■"' \<'rK Sunny Side,
New York . . Resort Island,
eheii. iport Island,
ietlileheiii,. . Sport Island.
1 llethlelieln. .
Alexandria Mav, \. Y.
iiori
and
H. W. lierl
.\-s<H I Ml-; M
111
New \'ork
Louis Hasbrouck ... Ogdi
r.MIIKRS.
Hotel W
nsbi
rg-
Hi
estminsier, .Mexindria Hay, V. Y.
n
' f
guenot Island,
244
m
' ; I
)
./ S()ri/:.\7A- <.)/■■ nil. SI. /../;/ A7-..\(/. i<i\ i-.k.
ISLAND DIRECTORY.
Till liillowiiiH i"- ii '■111' ifvisid list of islands and
puinis, Willi ihcir owiiits' iiaiiifS, from ("1 avion lo
tJoosc IJay, on llic Ann.'iican siili';
Ccmt'iu Point. liLMil of linndstoiu Islanil. owni^d
by W. F. Ford and ollii'is,
(loose Island, two aires, owned Ijy i;. S. Hiooks,
Urooklyn
lien Isl.ind, one half aire, owned In- \V. I" M.n-
gaii, New S'ork.
Oavitts' Isl.md. oiie-c|ii. liter .icre, owned liy II ll.
Davilts, Now York.
Carioll Island, two acres, owned li\ l.iines .\,
Clieney. Syrac use.
MosidIhI Isl.ind, one-lialf ai le, owned \\\ d. S.
ilo|ikins. Kansas.
Uliiir Isl.ind. iwinly aeres. owned by I.. H W.isli-
burn. New York.
Clinton Isl.md. .No, i, lifteen ai les, owned hy
N. S. Seely. New York.
(^linton Island, No. 2, llirce acies owned |p\ \. S.
Sei ly, New York.
(iovernor's Island, owned by Cliailes (i. Ijnerv,
New Yoik.
, (■aliiinel. owned byCliarles (i. I'.inorv, New ^ .nk.
F.llieiidije, head of Kcnind Island, owned li\ |)i.
(ieo. I). Wlialen, Syracuse.
Shady l,edt;e, near fool of Round Island, ovmuiI
by Frank R. Taylor. I'liil.idelplii 1, I'.i.
Hrooklyn llei;;hls, fool of Round Island, owned
by C. S. lolinson, Hrooklyn.
I.onj; Rock, one .icre, owned bv W. F". Wilson.
Waterlown.
Hemlock Island, Iweniv ai ris, owned |]\ \Y, 1".
Porter and \V. 1". Wilson, W.iterlown.
Stewart, or jellVrs Island, ten ac les, owned In
I-;. P. Gardinei and tweU e ollieis, SMaciise, and ollnr
places.
Two in Eel M.iy, two acres, owned by I)r, i;. 1..
Sargent, Walerlown.
Twin Islands, one acre, owned by I. I.. liiiniinn-
ton, Theresa.
Watch Island, one acre, owned bv S. I'. Skinnei,
New York.
Occident and Orient, three acres, owned by V,. .\.
Robinson, .New York.
Isle of Pines, two acres, owned bv Mrs. \'.. \.
Robinson, New York.
Frederick Island, two acres, owned by C I,.
Frederick, Cartliaiie.
Hay Side, one acre, owned by II. F. Mosl
Watertowii.
Riverside, mainland, one acre, owned by I (". (
Lee, Goiiverneur. ci,;
Killain Point, in.iinl.ind. one ,ii le, owneil bv .Mr,
Killian, I.ockpoii. .N. N'.
Ilollow.iy Poini. in.iiiil.ind. one .irre, owned bv
N. Ilollow.iy. Oniai. \. Y
Fisher's l.aiidini;, in.iinl.ind. l»o .n les, owned liv
Mrs. R. ("iiinn. Om.ii. N. Y.
Island Home, one acre, owned by Mis S. I)
I Iiiimi rfoid. .Nd.iins, N. Y.
I l.innoiiy, one ipi.iiter .icre. owned bv Mis Hiir-
gei. Syi.iciise.
W.iviiif; Hranclies, on WeIN' Ul.md, owiii il bv I),
( '. < iiali,iin and nine ollnis,
Honnie ICyrii-, on Wi lU' Isl.uid. owned bv .Mis
Peck, lioonville. \. Y,
'I'liioop's Dock, on W' lis' Isl.ind. owiiril bv Drs,
('. K ,iiid 1) S, j. I..iiinier. N Y.
lolly O.iks. on Wells' Isl.ind, Iwentv acies. owned
by joliii I.. .Norton and others from (".iiih.ine,
Hl.uicli Isl.ui.l, ten .ures, owned bv Mis. .A. M.
Kemon, W.iiertown.
losepliine, twenty ,ii res. owned by Mis. .\ , M.
Kenyon, W.iieilown
CraiK-Sid.-. Wills' Isl.md. owned bv II. .\. I.aiiKli-
lin. Pitlsbini;, P.i.
Coveil Point, Wells' Isbiinl. owiml bv li j. .\Iay-
i-ock, Hiill.ilo
• 'aliiimi |s|,iiid, (me half acre, owned bv Oliver
! I. ( iiien, liosion.
\',iii i'.Ulen. one acie. owned bvtien. |. li. \'.in
P.ilieii, Cl.ivc i.ick. N. \'.
Point \'ivi.in. m.iinl.iiul. len acres, owned by R.
Toyer .iiid len ollieis.
I.iinliess, one ,icre. owned by loliii I.iiidiess,
Jersey ("ity.
("edar Isl.md. one ,icie, owned b\' |. M Ciirlis,
Cleveland. ( ).
Wild Rose, one acre, owned by Hon. W. (i. Rose,
Clevel.iml, O,
\llenh,iiiv Point, m.iinland. one acre, owned by
I S. I.aney, Pa.
Plato, two .leres, owneil by II. R. I le.illi, Hiookli 11.
Seven Isles, live acres, owned by (ien. Hr.idley
Winslow, W.itei'owii.
I-onisiana Point, Wells' Isl.ind, three acres owned
by Hon. n. C. Labatt, New Orleans.
On this point the Lainbie Hrolheis have elected
( isi)4) a line cottage.
Hella Vista Lodt'e, mainland, three .icies. Win.
Chisholm, Cleveland, O.
ler. .Nell Mahbin Island, two acres, owned by lames
II. Oiliili.mt. Hrooklyn.
omiort Isl.ind. two acres, owned bv \. V. Clark,
Is
ii
i's/.,L\/) />/A'/:(-r<>A']\
245
Warner's IslamI, onr acre, n«-iii',l l,y Mi^. ||. ||
Warner, Koclicslir.
Wanwiiicl Islaiiil, onclialf acic, ouMcd l.vC l'
llill.Clii(,M«.),
Kcway.liM.owrH.lln- I.W. [a<ks„n,l'laiiili,l,]. N.J.
riil>a. oiicairc, owncil by M ClLiiinccy. Mrooklyii.
Devil's Ov.'ii. one acre, owned hy II. R. Ilialli,
Hnioklvii.
SMinysule, Clieiiy Islan.l, live acres. U, v. (.ecine
Kni kvvell, Tarrylown.
Melrose Lodtje. CliiTry Maiul. ,nvnid l,v A. H.
I'lillriian estate, Clijcayo.
In^deslde, Cherry Island, cuviied liv Mrs. (i. H,
M.irsh, Chlcani).
Stuyvesani L()dj.o, Cherry Island, ou-ned i,y [. T.
Kaslon, Hionklvti.
Safe I'.iini, Wells' Island, four .i.r.s. K,.v. K. ||.
I'lillinan. H.iliimore.
I'ullinan Island, thiee acres, ouiicil l,v (.co. .M.
I'ldliiiari, Chlcajjo.
Nol.hy M.md, thieu acres, owned l.v II. k. Heath,
Hrooklyn.
I-Ulle .\nyel, one-(|narler acre, owned hy W. .\.
Aliuell, Chicago.
i;d«ewood I'ark, (liiity acres, owned l,v S. \V.
Sessions, Cleveland, ().
|-.d>,'ewood Point, one acre, owned hv (;. C. .Mai.
tin. Waterlown.
West \'iew. one aire, owned hy S. (J. I'ope,
Ot,'(lenshurK.
Welcome, one acie. owned hv S. C. l'o|,e,
OKdcnshuifi.
Fiiendly Isl.irnl. three acres, owned hv K. \V,
Dewey, New \ Oik.
Linlithgow, one-half acre, owned liy Mm. R. \
I.ivinjrston, New Voik.
I'lorence, two ..cies, owned hy II. S. Chandler,
New York.
St. i:inu), three acies, owned hy N. W. limit,
Hrooklyn.
Felesneck, owned hy I'.of. ,\. (;. Hopkins Clj,,.
Ion. N. V.
I'oinl Lookout, one acre, owned bv Miss S I
Hiillock, .Adams.
Viliila Point, one-half acie, owned by ('apt. F.
D.iiia.
Isle Imperial, one acre, owned by (;. T. Ratlerlv,
I'illslnirfj.
I'ern Island, one acre, owned by J. Winslow,
W.iiertown.
Hart's Island, five acres, owneil by F. K. Hart's
t'slate, Albion, N. V.
Deshler, lifteen acies, owned bv W. G. Deshler
f-oliimbiis ().
Netts, one acre, owned hy Wm. H. Ilavden,
< oliimbiis, ().
Monny Castle, fifteen acies, owned bv .Mrs. |. <;
lloll.ind, New Vork.
Crescent Coiiasrc.. „.„ .,^,.rv^, ,nv„ed bv M. Van
Wayoner, .\'i>w Vork.
I'oini Maruneiite, thirty acies, owned bv .Mrs F
Anthony, New S'ork.
The LedKes, owned by Mrs C [. ||„dson, New
\ ork .
LoiiK Ml and), ten acres, owned hy Mrs. C. F.
'I.irk. Waterlown.
-NLiidi.iit.m Island, five acres, owned bv Hon. I.C.
Spencer. .New Nork.
•\Liple Island, si.-c acres, owneil bv John L. Ilas-
bronck, .New N'ink.
St. John Island, six acres, owned bv Hon. Charles
<>. Donoluie, .New Vork.
Fairyland Island, twenty acres, owned hv Charles
•ind Willi,,,,, |{. Hayden. Cdnnibiis. o.
Little Ftand Island, one half 'acre, owned bv K
H. I'ease, New Vork.
HuKuenol Island, two acres, owned hy L. Has-
bronck, OKdensburK.
Kesorl Island, ihiee a-es, owned hv W. [. Lewis
l'iltsbnr«.
Deer Island. Iwentv aces, owned bv (Jeo D
•MiliiT, New Vork.
Island .Mary, two acres, owned bv .Mrs. L. I'.dmer
Carthajie, Dakota.
Walton Island, seven acres, owned N. (. Robin-
son, .New ^■ork.
Mlewild. fonr .icies, owned hv Mrs. R H FcrLrles
ton. New Vork. ' '
Sport Island, fonr acres, owned bv F. P. Wilbur
•Maiich Chunk, I'a.
Little Lehifrh, one acre, owned bv R. 11 Wilbur
Hethlehem, I'a.
Summerside. two acres, owned bv VV. Stevenson
Sa\re, I'a.
Sunin.erland, (en .acres, owned by Surnmerland
.Xssoci.ition, Rochester.
Arcadia and Ina Islands, l\vc acres, owned by S.
•A- Hri^irs. Ne^v Vo,k.
Spuyte,! Duyvel, one acie, owned by Alice P. .Sar-
fe'ent, .New Vork.
Doiijilass, five acres, owned bv Douglas .Miller
.New Vork.
Kit lirafton, one half acre, owned by .Mrs. S. L
Ceorge. Waterlown.
Lookout, two acres, owned by Thos. H. Mordin.
New Vork.
Flla, one-half acre, owned by R. F. Ilutigerford,
Waterlown.
Little Charm, one-(|uarter acre, owned hy .Mrs. F.
W. Marker, Alexandria Hay.
Frost, two acres, owned hy .Mrs. S. L, Frost,
Waterlown.
Excelsior Group, five acres, owned by C. S. Good-
^virl, .New Vork.
.Sylv.in and Moss Islands, three acres, owne.l by
S, r. Woolworlh, Waterlown.
V.
.rir,
/ '•i>rr/ \/A' -'/ ////
I'.li'lili.inl Uo. U, oii...|ii,iilri .i< re. mviicil Ip\ I i
I hlUfllilcH. W.IICI law II.
Sum lie. Mil ( iiiMi|.. in.i .icn- mmi,! \,\ 1 1. I', |'|i, l.m.
W.llCIInu II
Alii (.'. IWM .1. Ir^. OVllll'il tiv'l.l. \ I. ( ,1-^1 Siw
Viiik.
Sl'InKlllrl . M\ ,|rtr>, lUVIlf i| \i\ |. \ \Vllilr||iiN-i
Nrw Ynrk .
I.ixl <il' l*ti<>|-ol)i*'<'v iiiiiiiii;; I he i'll4>i|siiiii|
IxlillKU. )lll|-(IIU Ml)' ScilsOII.
riiiiis i-iiiiiiii>tiiiiL' isi.iiiii.
t l.M Ion,
kiiiiinl Island (summer mih I.
Ill lUMI'H's ISIIIIIIIII'I lllllvl.
'I lidusaiul Ishml I'.iik.
li-lii'i 's I. .1 ml 111;;.
Si. 1.,uvii'IU-:' I'.iik isuiiiiii(.'i milv i.
I'miiiI \'.viaii I •-uiiiiiiri null '.
\V(— iiiiiii'-l( r I'aik i^iiiiiiuii nnl\ i.
.All Nail. hi. I Hay.
tjr.ind \'ic\v I'.uk (--iimiiiili milvi.
'raltlt' 1)1' l>ist:)ii)-cs I'iMtiii \lf\:iii<lriii
ltii.\.
T'l .M'Miiu .il I |-> mil,'.
'I'l I l^'li iivliiii;; ;(.
I II Moiiisinu ;i L>4
lu Hl.H kviilc 24
I II ' III ,>; I w.i li.n 12
1 1> r.iiiii \'r. i.iii 2
I'll St. I,.nvii 111 !• I'.ii k i
III 1* nit' \'ic\v , I)
III I. I. I'.iik -
To I'l-liLi^' l..imliiiy -
In I'ullm.lll I Iniiso -i
In (iiaiul \'i(\v I'.II k 12
I II knuiiil Nl.iml |,,
I I) ( I.n lull 12
III l'iii-;iii I I'.iik 12
111 Ul \"i I view 2* »
In I aiUimi Nlaml 2 !
I u (..'.i|ii' \'im,iMil a"*
I n ( i.lli:illi)i|lli- I,)
I n l\ illL:-.|clll -5 J
'In \i VI, \'ork jjl
In liuslnn j-j,^
^
■- / / .1 11/:/ \( / Av; /A'.
I'd riiil.ii|cl|iliia 117 mill";
I 11 Sll .IKly.l 2 ii) "
TM('ll|i.li;n S|2 "
I'll Nl.lU.lia I'.llN 21,^
III liilDMlii ... !•<; "
I n S\ lai llSf I 22
I n I lica 11,, •■
I'll Km llrsiii 211 "
\ l'«'\\ "lionl's" I'tif l':\riirsMiiii>l>.
I '' 1^ I 111 in Inn j;ii II .1 lull I \, VI) II uill HI I .iliim;
IM-H-l .
h'N'l lllsll In -ll 1.11 1,0,11,1 llli sll .mill lllllll Ihi-
lul^Ni'lmfis .III- nil. .mil tin II Vnll I.III iiVt oil l.n.llil
Ullllnlll lllsliiu^J
Di'Si |iu-li, ami jam, ami rinwil. rilliiT 111 gniii;;
a'~linir 111 .ilin.iril. Mill oiilv lilmlci ami ilil.n,
Oiis'i -io|, lo i,'ossi|. on I'm 1;. Illy. 1. 1. ink. il lilorks
llii' |ias-.ii:c .iml ilihn^ nilicis.
Di'N'I' .11 t .IS lllnu;;ll Mm lllnllnlil lli.il nihil |.in|,li
ll.lil nil uulllS ullii 11 \nll will' liiiuilil In lrs|iLi |.
|)||\'l Ar[ ,is lllnliull Mm In Inllli lo llic yilllls Slls,
11--! |iro|iIc lirlirM il
DiiN'i CloVVil In lIll- fniw.llil |i,ill nf lllc l.o.ll; llii-
.illii |.,iil |i.issis the vaiiir oliji I IS of mil trsl.
Diis'l -l.iml ii|i, ^n ill. II iliii^i- li.ii k ol yon c.iii -rr
iinlliin;; il !■- I Alirim K ill m.inmuil
l)ii\'i II V lo uallici ill .ill llir casv I li.iiis jusi (m
yolll |i,ll l\ il Innks SI II1..I1.
I'liN r 111 , niiiinn.illv i;i nmliliii^;, mhi .iniin\ nlliris
ami lin \ mil ni.-1 1* m 1 ^ooil.
I )on' 1 Ik- Inn 11 llii. 1 1 .ilioiil lllr I iiiiiil 111; nf llif lin.il ;
ill all |iinl,.il)ilin , ilii.^r wlm |i.i\ c iliaiyr of it .lie as
well illfnimi i| in Iry.llil In llllll liuslliiss .is Mill ,llr.
I)iin"i liii.ilc an rm|iloM' bci aiise of some f.iiilt
ynii lliink llii' coiiip.iny has cumiiiitlcd -it is iiKori
sisteiil.
l)iiNi l.iil In ircal nthi'ts with tli.il cniisidfialinn
with ulllill ynll unlllil llkr Inh.lVr lllllll licit Mill,
.mil thin .til will uo will.
\'nii li.iM' nlifii 111, ml il saiti ill, It sill h .1 line
" I i.Milil In: .1 iiiiuli-iiian, if lie rhni-f; " ynii inay risl
,is-.iiitil ili.ii if any om- can In- .i ni-ntlemaii im lath 1
111- III shf IS |irttt\ tilt. nil to lit- one; sn wlitn on an
1 Allusion Ihin'i Ik; anylhiii;; tise, lest pcoplf thiiik-
\n^ ih.il Mill can lit- lull will not. attiihute youi
ariion III imic ami iiiiailullfialtil " cussedrifss."
and tical you accuidingly.
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EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF ALEXANDRIA BAY.
I'V Wll 1 lAM KAVtI., KSi.i , (n SI, l.Oll-
M(>.
/Si l,i;X.\N!)RI.\ MAY, wlu-n I first knew it,
* t jti^t lu'lnrc tliL- fxisteiK o of ritilroads in
the liiiti.'tl States, was a place of small import-
aine. It was a depot for the back-country
merchants and new settlers who sent iiimi)er,
staves and iiotasli, prin< ipally for shipment to
the (Quebec market, and returned with dry
^ )()ds, salt, etc , for the village stores. Kx(e|)t
ri\ er transportation, the place was side-tracked
MH the landward side by tiie most abominable
loads, almost im|passable in the sjirinj; and
f.ill, so that for years butter and cheese and
iitiuT ( ountry produce were under the control
of < ontraclors, forw.-rded to Watertown and
S.n kets Harbor, it is true, over i)etter roads,
but a much longer route. ( )wing to its iso-
l.itetl situation, the Hay, which within a few
years has attained a magical growth antl be-
( o;ne the central attraction of the mo.it popu-
lar suimner resort in .America, was, at the
lime mentioned, unfrequented l)y the tide of
|ileasure seekers, except ])erhaps a few local
hshermen. 'I'lie mode of transportation was
then by stage-coach and canal. The world
of fashion resorted to Saratoga Springs, the
(.'atskill .Mountain Mouse, Niagara Falls, and
some favorite sea-siile resorts nov,- seldom
heard of. The most famous resorts and water-
ing jilaies were brought into journalistic noto-
riety by letter writers, some wielding grac eful
pens, as N. 1'. Willis in the New York Mirror,
and Willis C.aylord Clark, the "Ollapod " of
the Knickerbocker Magazine. Some of these
descriptions were extensively cojiied, and
showed the advantages, as one mf)de of judi-
cious advertising, in turning tlie tide of travel
and posting the public on the charms and
striking beauties of the places described.
1 first saw Alexandri.i Hay in 1832, the
cholera of that year having stiuck (,)uebcc,
the earliest outbreak of the dread pestilence
on the continent, and then following up the
St. Lawrence, it visited Kingston anil the
large cities, leaving the Hay entirely untouched.
'I'he village (ontained about a dozen frame
dwellings and shops, scattered promiscuously
among the granite knolls and level grounds,
wherever a favorable site offered. The only
store, a red frame structure, owned by John W.
Fuller, was at the steambo.it landing on the
lower point jutting into the Hay. The cmly
tavern, a weather-worn frame structure, at tie
end of the main street, leading to the right on
entering the village, was kept by Smith. The
front was marked by a (light of wooden stairs
that led to the bar-room. This imjiortant
feature, like all country bar-room^, had the
upper portion of the bar shielded from out-
side intrusion by a grating of round wooden
rods, through which coiilil be seen a row of
flint-glass decanters, surmounted by heavy
stopi)ers of the same material. The upper
shelf had round glass jars, containing sticks of
ribbon-colored candy and Jackson bails.
'I'he edibles consisted of small c rackers (two
for a cent), then in universal use, and
" cookies," a second cousin of the popular
ginger-cal.e. \ box of dried licrrings was
also temptingly displayed to satiate the pangs
of appetite, especially when irrigated by
draughts of strong licpior. On wooden pegs
in the proper i)lace were hung yellow sl'Mpers
for the retiring guests at bed-time. Tavern
customs and the empire of fashion have very
materially changed since those pristine days.
The open tavern shed, witli a loft for hay and
oats over head, was located on the Hay at
the extreme end of the street. Hetween the
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23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
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t;i\LTn and llu' store o\\ tin- water tront, was a
lar^ie woodi'ii warclioiisc in wliicli the goods,
sliipped to (oiintiy mci( hauls were stored
until called for. in tlie ojien si)aces near llie
warehouse imniense pilesof staves and lunilier
were cortled ii]i, awaitiiii; shipment, and con-
stituted (jiiite a t'e.iture in the river commerce
of the place.
In my early recollections of tin- scenery 1
recall with curious interest the intensely sea-
green color of the waters of the I'.ay, and the
beautiful disjilays of graphic granite sometimes
seen in the rounded granite knobs.
The arrival of a steamer at the wharf in
rear of I'liller's store was always an event
that enlivened the drowsy (|uietude of the
vdlage. .\ fe\v passengers would usually step
on sliore to ease their sea-legs, but the most
imiiortant personage was tiie faultlessly-dressed
clerk of the steamer who stood on the wharf,
with a lot of invoices in his hand noting down
or checking the discharge and shipment of
freight. 'I'o tlie boyish faiK y he was an envied
indivichial, a stujiendous ot'ticial ( haracter,
through whose deft fingers all business transac-
tions between the shore and steamer had to be
transmitted before the boat could leave the
wliarf. Sometimes a glimpse was obtained of
singular i)eo|»le and outre characters, emi-
grants from foreign lands, making their way
towards the illimitable West. .\l a period
somewh.it later I saw twenty or thirty young
Fren( h Canadians land from an up-bound
steamer. They were a lusty looking set of
youths in robust health, hardy visage, well
developed, athletes in strength and physical
symmetry of form. They were dressed in fine
new suits, rather flashy, and wore their boot-
legs outside uj) to the knees, bound on top
with red morocco, with fluttering tassels dang-
ling therefrom. These adventurous young men
had left their homes at C'hambly, St. Johns
and .\h)ntreal, and were bound fordreen May,
thence to the fur-trading town of St. F.ouis,
Somethirty years afterwards, while accompany-
ing the Indian Peace (..'ommissioner among
the Sioux of the Upper Missouri, I en-
countered an Indian interjireter, who, as near
as time and place could be indentificd, was
one of the pai'.y seen at .Me\:inibia li.iy at the
periotl mentioned. This man, like all the
Frencli Canadian traders and interpreters, had
an Indian wife and a numerous i)rogeuy. Our
interjireter abandoned his Indian wife and
married a respectable white girl at North
Platte — Ceneral Sherman and the other com-
missioners being invited to attend the wedding.
The relatives of the old squaw came to kill the
inter|u\ter's hoises in revenge for his deser-
tion of the once attractive and duvk\ maiden
of his youthful days.
Alexanilria Bay was slow .n coming to the
front as a fishing resort, owing to the adverse
causes mentioned. In this respei t, tor several
years, Theresa, in the same townshi]), rather
took tlie lead. The stream at that then remote
\illage abounded in the spring with mullet,
and throughout the season that king t)f the
piscatory trilx', the muscalonge, came iiji the
Indian River, to the falls at Theresa, ami was
taken with the spear or trolling spoon. The
Sixberries had long beaten uj) the ground, and
the Indian River with its tributary lakes, be-
came the paradise of the hunter, trapper and
fisherman. Theresa, as the heaihpiarters for
the outfit of boats and fishing tackle, came
into note, and was made popular by the an-
nual excursions down the river from that
point, of .Mr. Norris M. Woodruff, of Water-
town, ;ind his friends, who brought with them
l.oren Soper, an old fisherman acipiainted
with the ground, and then the keeper of the
I'nited States .\rsenal at Watertown. There
was a f.iscination amid the scene antl haunts
of nature, in the wild scenery and freedom
from the publi(- ga/e in a jaunt of this kind,
that a large river, open to all the world, did
not possess. No man enjoys reading iiis
newspaper in the thronged thoroughfares.
In spite of these little rivalries of neighbor-
ing fishing resorts, Alexandria Hay, in no
s])irit of jealousy, abideil its time. The fame
of its waters in yielding abimdance of [jickerel
and muscalonge to the sportive fishermen, be-
came extended fiir and wide. Of the last
named fish it was reported that a big one, the
real sockdoger, had been ( aptured by an ama-
teur sportsman from Syracuse, aiul that in his
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vain nlory lie liad a full-lcngtli picliUL' of him-
self taken by an artist, with the hig fish, lu-ld
U]) by the j^ills, painted by his side.
In due time the Hay jjecanie the resort of
some famous nien, ant! it is !)ut repeatinj^ a
twice-told tale to state tliat among these noted
characters were Silas Wright and Martin \'an
Uuren. Of these two distinguished men, I
may, in passing, be permitted to mention a
phase of their personal trails. Old fishermen
tell of the generosity of Silas Wright, in
(juietly sli[)i)ing into their hands, on returning
from a trip, a liberal " tiji," while Mr. Van
Duren, less thoughtful, to put it mildl\'. ne\er
exceeded the exact sum stipulated in the con-
tract by dis[)ensing the expe<'tetl doucer to his
boatmen.
It is probable that political friendship, as
well as the genial hospitality of the host.
rather than the fish, drew these great men t(j
the Hay. The Waltons stood high in social
distinction throughout that sei ti-m. I am
s[)eaking from boyhood impressions. Thev
were the first in a small town, and in the
neighboring villages were regarded as su-
l)erior beings. Their arrival at Theresa on a
transient visit ]irodiiced a sensation, among
the younger people especially. The head of
this f.imily, Mr. A/ariah Walton, I regarded
as a grand old man. by whom 1 was always
treateil with kindness and coiirlesv. At his
store, I frequently saw his massive figure
seated behind the counter employed in
thumping some refractory substance into use
for trolling spoons.
'i"he shelves in tiie rear were garnished with
lines, hooks, bright brass spoons (Uiil other
lishing tackle. In one corner was seen a for-
est of fishing poles, some of these being sus-
pended by wooden supports overhead, like
the old-time rille on liooks, in the iiunter's
cabin. In the winter section, skates were
suspended, showing that a demand for these
articles could be sui)|)lied at all seasons.
Mr. Walton was collector of customs for
the i)ort. He never disparaged the duties of
the otfice, and spoke with jiride of liis success
in (becking and finally putting an end to
smuggling, that formerly prevailed to the
detriment of the goverment. He once told me
that the revenue collected from customs in
the (!ape \'incent district, to which he was
attached, exceeded in amount that collected
in any other port of the riiite<l States, as the
f)fti( ial figures would \ erify. He was withal a
warm i)olitical partisan, tlit; leading Democrat
in that section, and though his mercantile
partner. John W. Fuller, was a |)ronounced
Whig, no disputes on that score seeming to
disturb their business relations. iJut to his
outsitle political oii[)onents he was not spar-
ing in his jibes and sarcastic hits at their ex-
pense. With what unction would the words
" VN'hig " and " Whiggery " roll from his
tongue, in contemptuous tones and in utter
depreciation of the claims of that young and
growing party.
in those anti-Masonic and early Whig days.
the election was held on three successive days
in "-eparate i)recincts. 'I'heresa was then at-
ta( lied to the town of .Alexandria, and when
the election was held in that precinct,
Mr, Walton always came up in full force, a
dreaded o|)ponent, in liis withering gibes, to
the leading Whigs, S<piire Nathan M. I'lower,
.\nson Ranney and Henjamin Still. The di-
vi^ion (jf the town at length gave these good
men a rest. Amid his multifarous business
and official duties, Sipiire Walton found leis-
ure to c(jurt the poetical muse. He com-
posed campaign songs, -.vliich were never
written out or read; one of these he recited
to me, the burilen of which extolled in the
liopular rhymes of that d.iy, " 'I'lie h'avorite
S(]n of Kinderhook."
In closing this imperfect sketch of a notable
man, I desire to add, that although a violent
partisan, lie was a [jatriotic lover of his coun-
try. When the Mexican war broke out, he
everywhere, in and out of season, denounced
the opposition to President I'olk and tlie war,
declaring that it was unpatriotic in private
individuals and bar-room ranters, to cpiestion
the right or wrong of the war, when the honor
of tlie country was at stake.
His eldest son, George Walton, followed in
the footsteps of his father, as a politician, and
as his active life, too early cut off by tiie fell
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destroyer, coiiies within the peridd under
consideration, a word may be added. Much
mii^iit he said in praise of this lientienian who
bore " tlie mould of beauty and of form," hut
one incident only will be };iven, illustrative of
tlie times, inhisconnection with " general train-
ing day," that great event of mustering b.itt.il-
ions and parody on grim war. always looked
forward to by wondering youths and ginger-
bread-vendors as a gala day, now gone into
desuetiuie, and is only a memf>ry <jf the jiasi.
tieorge Walton was the colonel (jf a militia
regiment ; and his ])rolher-in-la«, Cieneral
Archibald Fisher, commander of the brigade,
transferred the genera! muster, from .\ntwcr]i.
where it assembled from time immemorial, to
Theresa. Col. \Valton, as the r.mking officer,
superintended the customary evolutions, and
towards evening he headed the jierspiring
troops in their march from the Cooper farm,
where the muster was held, to the village.
The militia companies were halted, and on be-
ing massetl in regulation order for dismissal,
the gallant colonel in a grandiose spee<h, not
unmixed with a quiet undercurrent of humor,
wislied the men a safe return to tlieir liomes,
their waiting wives and children, and capjjed
the climax of dismissal by designating thj
brigade as " soldiers of the great American
Army."
As if to add to tlie ludicrous character of
the scene, an auctioneer from the (Juaker
settlement, named Kirkbright, who had been
vending gingerbread during the day, brought
forward for sale a menagerie of wild and lame
sugar animals. Having disposed of the ele-
phants at a fair valuation, he then held up
between his thumb and finger a twcj-cent
rooster, with red comb and gills, about the
size of a small ball of yarn. The bids started
at one cent, with no raise for some lime,
when the auctioneer shouted forth indignantly,
" Soldiers of the American Army ! How can
you stand idly by, with arms in your hands,
and see property thus sacrificed in the market
place ? "
Recurring to matters at the Bay, I once, on
a visit there, met with an enjoyable incident,
characteristic of the chronic characters that
one irciiiicnily mrci> uiiii. I was attracted
by two gcnllcnien in lr(jnt of the hotel, whf)
a|ipeared hotly engaged in a religious disc us-
sion, -the one a skeptic ; the otlier, whom I
took to be .1 leliuiou-- enthusiast bythe warnilh
uith which he supported his side of the argu-
nienl. Ciftcd in speech, he overwhelmed his
antagonist with a torienl of excellent advice,
as well as sound argument.
The revert-nd gentleman proxed to be the
Re\-. r. ('. Ile.idley, the author of a populai
" l.il'e of the I'linpress Josephine." He was
then quite a young looking man. He in-
I'ormed me that he was settled in the ministry
at Ailanis, lefferson county, and was on the
way to join his brotlier, Re\ . J. 'i'. Headley.
also a wideh-known aiitlKjron war heroes, for
a trip through tlie great N''irtherii woods,
then, as may be remembered, unvexed by
the Rev. Adirondack .Muvra\- a.nd his fellow-
tourists. .Mr. Headlev turned out to be a
most genial conqi.mion, full of animal spirits,
and ready to indulge in boat excursions and
other pastinn's, except ]ila\ing billiards, tlu'n
a favorite anniseiuenl among the freipienters
of the place.
A boat party was made up to sail among
the islands, with Mr. Md. Tanner, collector of
the ]Kirt. in ch.irge. We trolled up the
streams, and encountering a squall, landed on
a nameless island. While there, a l.irge sail
boat, i; might be calle<l a yacht, also landed
on the island, dri\en in bv stress of weatiier.
An elderly, sturdy-looking man came on shore
and looked .inxiously around. The new-
comer proved to be the famous Kill Johnston,
whose name bec.ime linked with the 'I'housand
Islaiuls.
I le wore a blouse, a plain-looking old gentle-
man, with strong features and an expression of
determination about the mouth. Otherwise he
would be taken for a verv ordinar\- farmer, in
general appearam c. He was rather reticent
and conver>ed in a low tone of ^'oice, as is
usual in men sup])osed to have some great
secrets locked up in the breast. He was a
man just to .Mr. Ileadley's hand, who |>umi)ed
the old gentleman as to the historv of the
islands and his connet tion with them durin-j;
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F.AKI.V KIXiU.l.lA'TlOSS OF .11 .l:.\ A M )Kl A I:AV
^35
the l.ilc troiihli'-^. [iilmsioii, nicantiiiic, luul .1
lai-away look, liis mind rcvurliiij^ to lii^ lioai
and ihe condilioii of tlu- wcathci. After tlic
drtcntioii of a iioupk- of lioiiis \vc ]iartcd, on a
lull in the f^alu.
liefore the extension of tele;4ra|ih lines, and
with limited postal conneclicin^ inland, the
|ieo|)Ie of the l!ay were behind their neighbors
in j;eltini; the news. I!nt this was not always
the ease, \ery iin|iortanl news reaching lliere
bvri\er in advance of the neighboring villages.
An instance maybegi\en. About the \2\\\
of July, 1850, going with a party to tlu' l!,i\,
when arrived within three miles nf the i)la( e,
We met old Iwra Cornwall, father of (leorge
\V. Cornwall of Theresa, ( (iniing iii' the mad
on foot, who im|iarled the intelligence that
(leneral Taylor, i'resicK'nt of the I'nited States,
was dead. The news was recci\cd at the Hay
by steamer from ( )swego, and was unknown at
Theresa until obtained from this source.
My last \isil to Alexandria IJay was in iS');,
when, after the absence of some years, great
changes in the aspe( t of the town were visible.
Two hotels, the renowned (!rossnion House,
widely known, and the St. Lawrence Hotel,
kept by Mdward l''ayel, assisted l)y his sister,
Mrs. Sophia Si)alsl)urv, were in operation.
Since then a greater change, amounting to a
perfect "transformation s( eiie," has super-
vened, suijplementing the wonders of natural
i)eauty with the improvements suggested I))'
unsparing wealth, art ami taste. liut des])ile
all these enchanting imi)rovements, effected by
ni.ni, the great natural features of ro( ky islands
and glorious ri\er will stand unaltered till the
end of time.
JdNA 1 11 \N TlldMl'SON.
Among the earliest to forst'e and urge the
advantages of the Th(jusand islands as a re-
sf)rt for jjleasure seekers, and the estab-
lishnK'tit of a hotel to entertain them, was
doubtless Jonathan Thom|)son, of Theresa.
'I'hompson was a genial character, tiuaint in
s|ieecli, or rather of cute sayings, a harmless
romancer with a brain fertile in ])roiects. He
was a man past middle age, buoyant in hope as
a grown-u|) boy, had seen something of the
world, and, in fici, among hi-- earlv expe-
riences, iiad "gone out'' with the (Ireen
Mountain llovs in September, 1.S14. In
working uj) his h( heme he had vi^,ite(l the
isl.mds, >ele( ted one of tiic group to erect a
fishermen's resort n|ion. Hut the time h.ul not
come for the realization of sueii an enterprise.
Oiliei more favcjrable and fortuitous circum-
stances had to arise before the scheme ( ould
bei (jnie practicable. Thompson would have
niatle a good second to a man of fiiLincial
ability; a good chief of a restaurant, and a
capital entertainer of guests.
A \<:w years before this time, Thompson
had pit( lied upon one of the most romantic'
little lakes, situated between tlie Indian and
St. I,,iwreii(e rivers, much nearer the first
named stream, as a home, which he intended
to im|ir(jve. It was an expanse of clear,
limpid water, nestled among wood-crowned
shores, six miles t'rom any settlement. It had
lost its Indian name, the lake being on the
main water route followed by the ('.uuulian
Indians during the FreiK h and Indian War.
and up to the War of the Revolution, in their
predatory incursions to the Dutch settlements
on the Mohawk. In recent times the hulks
of their abandoned boats could be seen lying
deep through the clear water on the lake
bottom. It was known as Lake of the Woods,
latterly as Thompson's Lake, from the new jiro-
prietor, and was three miles in length north
and south, and from one mile and a half to
half a mile in breadth.
In a spirit of enterprise and unbounded
hopes that ins[iired visionary schemes,
'i'hompson pre-empted a few acres, near the
western cove, which a squatter had cleared up
and abandoned, leaving his deserted log cabin
among the assets of the plac e. On cjbtaining
possession, his criginal design was to stock the
ranch with geese, as his (locks would have
the unlimited privilege, like himself, of the
lake, I>ut, owing to a change in domestic
economy (except -imong the blanket Indians,
who still adhereil to skins for bed clothing),
feather beds began to be discarded, and a de-
mand for feathers consecpiently ceased. He,
therefore, was c ompelled " to feather his
r
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256
^/ .mT/V-.A/A' ('/• ///A" .s/-. / /ffAVACA A'/fAA",
nest " ill snmc ulla-r morL- [iri)t"ii il)lc inodiu t.
\Vlicrcii|)(in. like Tliorcui, llic licimit of Wal-
(lon I'diid, he (leleniiiiietl tt> cullivaled a bean
|i;it<li, liiKilly adding tu liis a^ri<:ultural opera-
tions (:r()|)s of potatoes, cahhage and cucnni-
iiers. On an adjoining little islet, that rose
like a wart ahoxe tlu' hosoin of the lake, the
only exeresceni e of the kind that fretted the
ripides into coinplainini; niMrnuirs, he erected
a house of primitive accomnioilation. In its
(.onstniction. he was ably as-,istetl by a
Waterlown journalist (joiin I'avki.), who,
seeking re( iiperation for broken health, found
jjleasant recreation in the exercise o*" his con-
structive talents upon very scant 1. ..'eria's.
Poles were ferried across from the opposite
beach, and the deserted log-cabin of the
s(piatter was dismantled of its boards, shin-
gles, nails and window sash, to supply the
needed material. That house was a "daisy,"
and rankinl with the common shanty in archi-
tectural adornment, having a door swung on
hinges, and a window to atlmit l\u: light. It
was a large single barrack-like room, and for
years became also the sleeping apartment of
tired pleasure-seekers, who, rolled up in their
blankets on the board floor, were hilled to
sleep by the monotonous chafnig of the ripples
on the beach.
Meantime, chance visitors to the lake re-
turned with enchanting descriptions of its va-
ried beauties. Mr. Thompson, on his return
to the village, exhausted the vocabulary of
adjectives in extolling its wonders. It was
"the land of promise" spoken of in the Scri|)-
tures, the original " I'"ountain of \'outh,"
sought after by i)e Soto, " the loveliest spot
under the canopy," lo use his favorite ex-
pression. In truth, his representations could
not well exaggerate the admitted beauties of
the lake and wild surroundings.
Curiosity was worked u]) to a high pitch,
and to gratify it by actual realization, an expe-
dition was fitted out, composed of some twenty
or thirty citizens, wiio descended the river in
boats. Mr. Thompson took the lead alone in
his little canoe, ballasted with a few sacks of
provisions. As commodore of the fleet, he
issued instructions, and paddled ahead, a
happy man, not unmindful of his glory.
I'roni long experieiu e he be( auie .1 marvel in
handling .1 paddle, which he did as deftly as
an Indian. He protested against a useless
waste of power and niisapi)lied nuncuicnts of
the arm in |i,uldling. " .\e\er," ^aid he, "dip
the paddle too far ahead, as the force would
then be expended in lifting up the keel of the
1)1), It, but when the jiaddle f.ills in a perpen-
dicular line with the rower's body, then the
b.ick-push against the resisting medium g.ive
the only impulse forward to the boat." In
lii~^ iirogress, to show cilY his dexterity and
knowledge of the riv^r, he sometimes cut
across I bend, through rushes and over lill\-
pads, thereby avoiding a long detour in keep-
ill^ 'm ;!v: currents. About se\ 1 11 ii.iles down
the river a i.mding was made for a marc h of
thri'e miles over the carrying jilace to the fool
of the lake. The landing ])l,ice was design, i-
ted b\' a beaccm seen from a long distance
above, consisting of the stub of a big tree on
the blulf, which h.id been sjilintered by a
thunderbolt. I''rnm the I, Hiding pl,ue to the
laki', the labors of the traverse commenced,
sometimes through thickets anil underbrii;^h,
over fallen log^, ami across swails and qtiig-
inires; but a portion of the route was un ib-
structed. The men started cheerily forward,
lagging ]iaddles, llshing poles, and sacks of
llour, salt pork and other supplies of the ( om-
missary department. Thompson took the leatl
as generalissimo of the expedition overland,
lim|iing briskly forward, shouting words of
eiicour.igeinent, and ready to diverge from the
route to show np some remarkable scenery:
ill one of these, for instance, from the brink
of a [ireci|iice, was seen, spread out beneath, a
vast marsh, carpeted with tnoss, extending for
miles towards the river.
.Arriving at the foot of the lake, a halt was
called, when the generalissimo exiiatiated on
the wonders of the scene soon to o[)en on the
astonished gaze. To many minds, striking
images, thus presented to the imagination,
through the ear, even when conveyed through
the medium of gushing, bloviating rhetoric,
leave a stronger impression than when con-
veyed to the eye by careless observation.
I
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At till- |il,i(r ol rinlMrk.uidii nil tiir Like I 'ir Sal il i.ill) (l,i\ , liiin(lrr<K 1)1 \ iMii>r> ildi kol
tlirri' u,i> liiil OIK' t .iniR- ami Iwn leaks' Nkill~. tu the Liki-, •miihc to l'i-.li, IjiU iiki^iU iplliri-, to
to takr the p.irty to the Inland llousi', the ^atiicr liiuklc (wliortlc) l)crrics, liluc-bcriics
icriiimii^of their toils. When tired and luin;.;ry, and rasplierries, which aliounded in their
<uriosity hij;^, and the most romantic s< eiiery proper •.ea>on on the hlui'lV Ani\ in the ^uainp-,;
loses its charm. 'The p.irt\- di\ided, some hut Mr. 'riioiiipson rei eived little or no reve-
passinj; lip one side and others on the oppo- nne I'rom these people, who ac( epted his hos-
sitc side, to ihe nearest iioint, until Mr. jiitahty rather a-, friemis th.in a-, payiiij; ^ijuesis.
'I'hompson, haviiij; landed the llrst inst.illinenl The lake aliounded in liKu k liass, a ino>l
from the boats, (oiild cross over and take them edilile lish. He had a lavoriti: spot, a head-
to the island. The shouts of the men in their hnid, for call hin;^ tluin, and ha\ iiij; i aiitnred
slow proL;ress aloiu' the lie.uily wooded shores, .i lot ol sinall fro^s f(jr hait in the d.un|i ^;rass
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.\N ici:r."\j, wiMiu M| iSi|.i-<)?,
and the resi)onsive shouts Iroin the opjiosite
side, kept \\\) continiiousK for several hours,
startled the three loons seen sailing on the
lake, causini; the bewildered birds to tack from
one point to the other, for no such yells had
stirred up the wikl varmints in th.u rej,'ion
since the ancient w.ir-whoop was sounded by
the Indian warriors tliat i)assed throui,'h on
their scalpin.n exi)editions.
In the course of time boatint; facilities were
increased, and some days, more |iarticularl\- on
the eveniiiL; before, at dawn would p.iddle out
in his caiuie, that < ould be seen courtseyint; in
the distance like a dark bubble, and returning
with '' the beauties." as he called thein, had
them served ii|j tor breakfast. On rainy days
he rowed to the east side of tlie lake, where the
dee|i water was Idled with tiie branches of dead
cedar trees that had fallen in, and rowing
slowly .lioni;, in perhaps two hours' time, he
would return with the bottom of his boat
covered by the flojiping lieauties.
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lie ii. Ill .III inlllii.ili.' kiuiwk'dj^r III the ll.ilijts
III lisli — 1 111 He >liiiiikini;treatiircs l)(.'>t stiulii'd
wlirii Dill III ilirir nili\r element. ()l birds
.111(1 |H■.I^^^, he .iNu |iiissi'>>,cil .111 inliin.ite
kiiiiwl 'd:;!' Ill their li.diits ami instinets. Ue-
nudmi; the |iiiiii>, to wliiih reference has
been made, lie believed with uld liiinters that
thcv ciiiild Hill be killed by .i rillc while on the
w.ilei. thiiiii;li he uiuilil nut |ieiiiiit the evpeii-
ment til be tried 111 11)11 I he loons that lrei|iienieci
his l.ike. The ir.idiiion euneerninj; lhe>c
\v,ir\ bird> i> '.h.it they i .in docile a bullet .liter
seeiiiLi the ll,i-,li, lor iiist.intly diviiii; down,
ihev rem lin lor Mime tinv under water, and
emer,L;e to the >urr.i( e a Ioiil; distaiue rrom
the ■>|iot where they went under. Thoniiison
said he eoiilil |irediet a i liaiis;e of weather
Iroin the movements uf hi-. Inons. It w.is fib-
served that owinn to their heavy conform, i-
tion they could not rise in a calm imich above
the surface of the lake, .iiul when inclined to
change their ]iie>ent h.ibit.it. thev llew aj^ain-^t
the wind, whi( h lifted them .ilmve the woods,
thus .ilfordini; an exit beyond their old prison
limits.
lie decl.ired that his loons, before a storm,
would s.iil to the head of the Like, and when
the south wind blew thev would rise, and,
llililiin^ their wiiij^s, seem to walk on the
w.iter, but rising gradually, the wind buoying
them upward liigher ami higher, until thev
reacheil the lower end of the lake, three miles
distant from the place of starting, they would
attain suel'i an ele\.ition as to clear the highest
. ees, aiul, thus regaining their freedom, seek
" fresii fields and pastures new." lie re-
in. irked the curious I.K t lli.it though they
could dodge .i bullet on the w.ive, they i ould
not ilodge a tree in a ( .dm.
'!'. liking about the iiistim Is of animals, he
oiu e reiiKuked on a ( ui iou-. habit of the bears.
( >n a heavily wooded ridge along the we>l
side of tin: Like, there w .is ,i i ertain tree that
on one side was deejily ga>hed, as if in.ide by
some huge gnawing animal. It would heal
o\ir for ,1 time, like the sc.ir made on a m.iple
tree by the siig.ir-tapper's ,i\e, and then it
Would exhibit a freshened ajipe.irance, like
the re-opening of an old wound.
This pe< uliar phenomenon, old hunters de-
cl.ire, w.is the work of bears, it was a guide-
jiost tf) them in their journi'ys, the same as
bi.i/ed trees were to any liK kwoodsman. The
bears, in tr.iversiiig the woods from Canada to
the gre.it northern wilderness, thus left their
mark as a guide to the other bears which fol-
lowed them on the same |)ath. \',m\-[ bear in
passing would stand on his ]ilaniigrade feet,
gnaw out .1 fresh (hunk, to be freshened up
by his successors, ,ind thus the great be.ir-
roiite, a genuine international line, was kept
open.
1 once asked I'rof. l^benezer iMiimons, the
geologist of our district, his opinion as to the
truth of the statement. The eminent na'.iir.ilist
rather doubted the ex])lanation, ar.d .ittributed
gnawing of the tree to the ( iitting season of
thfise animals.
.\s the novelty of Mr Thompson's kind of
life wore awav he turned his e\e to the
Thoiis.itul IsLukIs with the outcome .is before
stated.
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ALONG THE ST. LAWRENCE IN THE WAR DAYS OF 1861-5.
\:\ I 1 II.. Al.liKK I 11. >ll \W
OT all till' ?;tirring events of tiie days of
ihc Circat Rebellion took place aloiii;
Mason's and Di.xon's Line. 'I'he norlhern
bonier of our country had its experiences of
more of less interest durint; these ]ierilous and
stirring times, between iS6i 5, and especially
was this true along the noble river Saint
Lawrence. \o bridles were fought, it
is true, but many a line of retreat
marked the passage of myriads of men from
Uncle Sam's jiossessions, seeking an asylum
where they might be safe from dreaded
"drafts"' and the dangers before the enemy
in the field. 'I'hese men loved life more tiian
they loved their country, and rather than serve
in the ranks, they chose to bear the ills of a
skidker's existence in Canada, in prel'erence
to tlying to others they knew not of, amid the
shriek of shells and the whizz of bullets.
Some incidents connected with deserters dur-
ing this period will not be without interest, it
is believed, inasmuch as this ri\er marks the
last ^tage of the emrance or exit of deserters ;
for. strange as it may appear, I'Jiglish soldiers
deserted to the United States to enter the
Union army, while .\mericans ileserted to
C'anada to get out of the service! Most of
the deserters from our army, it should be ex-
|)l.uned, were soldiers who had been wounded
and allowed to come home on furloughs, and,
from brooiling over jihysical sufferings, became
unnerved, and so found it easier to c ross the
St. Lawrence into Canada than it was to re-
turn to their regiments at the front. 'I'he
life of a " skedaddler " in Canada was far from
agreeable. 'I'housands of Canadians ser\ed
in the Union army, as brave men as e\er car-
ried a gun, and the presence of Americans
who were known to have " skip[)ed " there —
either as deserters or to avoid being drafted
— called down upon their defenseless heads
no end of ridicule and contempt. .\ case in
point will illustrate this fact. A deserter from
the then 'I'wentieth Congressional district,
comprising the counties of Jefferson, Lewis
and Herkimer, wrote to Hon. Addison H.
Lallin, who then represented it in Con-
gress, saying that if he could be assured that
he might serve out his time without arrest
or ]iunisliment, he would at once come back
and be a good soldier. Mr. Lallin took this
letter to the I'resitlent, explained the circum-
stances, and urged that the deserter be given
the chance he sought. " Certainly," re])lied
President Lincoln; " when a ])oor fellow has
made a mistake, by all means give him a
chance to live it down. There is good stuff
in that man, for no coward would make such
a |ilea." The I'resident took a large blank
card which lay on his desk and wrote upon it:
" Private is herewith allowed to come
to me, wherever he may be, and on his jirom-
ising to be a good soldier and serve out his
time faithfully, I will pardon him.
" \. Lincoln."
It hai)[)ened that there was not room enough
on the front of the card to write the above, so
it was turned over, and the sentence com-
pleted. .As he did so, a blot of ink fell on
the card, ami afer using the blotter, the Presi-
dent scratched off a part of the ink-stain with
his thumb nail ! 'i'his canl was sent to the
deserter by Mr. Lallin, and in ipiick time the
soldier made his wav to Washiniiton. Mr.
262
./ .s()r;7;.\7A' ()/■' riii: sr. lawresce ri\'i:r.
I,.illin .11 cDinpanied him in llir W'iiilo House. laniatioii of ainiu-st\ lo (Icsnlcrs wlio would
1111(1 iiUroilui t'd liim t<i the I'li-sidoiU. i'lu' return lo their rei^iineiUs was inunetliately
cai'd w.is iianded Mr. I.iinnhi, who said: issued.
'■ .N[y dear leliow, I ,iin -lad yon have re- The enamelled card, with the jilain tluiinb-
turned. I know you ic|iented of your weak- n.iil marks upon it, whiih this deserter hronj^lit
ness in goiuL; lo C'.in.ula, ,tnd that \iiu will lie li.ick, he gave lo Mr. I.allin, who had it
1-1 u,. su \w.
a lir.ive I'm le Sam's boy now. Are thiie m.niuted lietween plate t^lass, with a t;old hand
m luy more like you over thei'e who would alioul it, and it is now a iirecious souvenir of
(Dine hack, if they coidd know they would he President i.incoln's largeness of heart, in tlic
pardoned?" " N'es," f.'|)lied the weepiui,' de- lale memher's family. It is interesting to
verier, "lots. riien 1 will give them all a know that a great m.inv deserters returned to
' liaiK e," was the reply, and the famous proc- their regiments under this olfer, and - so far
.U.OXG THE ST. /..UVUhXCK f\ ////,• ;,•//,■ jjjys or lS6/
^^c^^
as known — mu one of the number ever went
to Canada again durini,' the war ! This inci-
dent is wortiiy of record, as it sliows how
keenly I'resident I.incohi grasped every (|ues-
tion affecting the trials and hardships ' tiie
private soldiers. He divined, in an instant,
how men home on furlongli, near the t^ana-
dian border, while half sick, and importuned
by glib-tongued false advisers, might, in a
moment of weakness, desert; and he saw, in
tlie aijpeal which was brouglit to his notice,
that there was an opening to get many of
these deluded and reiientant soldiers back
into the ranks again. The result proved how
wisely he took in the true situation.
Dkskktkks IRON! Canada.
During the American war a good many de-
serters from the English troops stationed in
Canada, from Halifax to Toronto, enlisted in
our army. Tiie garrison at Kingston fur-
nished quite a contingent. A well-known
Canadian became somewhat famous for his
prophetic forecast of coming visitors to the
Iirovost-marshal's otilice, who wore the i;.- .rlet
uniform of British soldiers. His horoscope
of the stars was so faultless that lie frequently
foretold to an liour when a S(pKul of deserters
would make their ajjpearance. Death having
removed any necessity for silence concerning
actions which were later condoned by Cana-
dian otVicials with the full facts behjre them,
it is fit and ])roi)er that the name of this brave
recruit-furnisher should be given in this con-
nection. Ceorge Hriggs, the party in (pies-
tion, was a stalwart six-footer, very muscular,
and weighed about two hundred jjounds.
liorn on Long Island, just opi>osite King-
ston, Ontario, he knew every inch of the
islands and river. He was famous for his
personal courage, and few cared to test the
size of his clenched fist. He was a jolly.
good-hearted fellow, about twenty-five years
of age, and ])ossessed of rare coolness and
resources under trying conditions. As a
general, he would have rivalled some of the
most cajiable cavalry officers of the war.
When three hundred dollars bounty was of-
fered for volunteers, Hriggs saw his opportu-
P'ty. He put himself in touch with the
British soldiers at I'ort Henry, and soon
found a way to direct them how to reach the
.American side. The deserters were always
treated according to agreement by this fear-
less director on the underground road to the
L'nited States. Ca|)tain Kmerson, the jirovost-
marshal at Watertown, always made it a rule,
before enlisting a man, to explain to him the
amount of bounty he was entitled to receive,
and insisted that the money due him sliould
be paid to the recruit in his presence. In no
instance did these deserters, brought over by
Hriggs, refuse to promptly pay over to him
such sum as they had arranged to give him,
after receiving their bounty. These men
made fine soldiers. The writer served with
one of them —Charles I'lemming, a member
of Co. .\, 35th N. X. \'ols. At the battle of
■■'redericksburg he lost both legs by a cannon
shot, and died the next day in hosi)ital. He
had served in India and the Crimea, and often
declared that he never had seen hotter fight-
ing than he experienced in our regiment.
lie lies in nn mimarked grave within siglit of
the bloody field on which he received his
death wound. How many thousands — for-
eigners to our soil — died like Flemming, f)n
the battle-fields of our struggle, m helping
tread out the heresy of secession amid the
horrid havoc of contending armies !
Some of the incidents attending the esca]ie
of British deserters from the 47th Regiment
of the line, at Kingston, are worthy of record.
The distance between the .Xmerican shore and
Kingston is only sunie twelve miles, but to
most of the soldiers it was an unknown route.
Long Island intervened, and guards were
thickly stationed on its southern shore to in-
tercept any deserters who might be taught
making their way to the Ameri(an side.
For many months, during 1.S63-64, the
9 o'clock evening gun at Kingston was eagerly
listened for, as one gun each was fired at that
hour fiir all deserters, in order that the guards
might keej) a keen watih for them. A party
of six deserters from the 47th Regiment
seized a boat at Kingston, late one evening,
and rowed away around the head of Long
ii:
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1>1.1Ih1. iiililKlln^ Id l.iliil .11 tlic liulit-llDllM' on
Tibbi'lt's I'cjint, near (',i|k' Xinccnt. I!y >()inL-
mist.ikc, being st Mim is id the rouu , iIr'V
kfpt too t'.ir to tliL' wcsiwanl, and atu-r an i'\-
haiislinu: tun al the oars, an (.•xrrcisc tew o:
tlu- soliliiTs wet", iisctl to, they mule land on
drenadiei' Island, near its eastern point. See-
ing; a lii;ht in the early ninrnin^;, one of their
nnnilirr rautiouslv approac hed it, awA lliis
proved to be in the house ot' Abrain (a)oper, a
Wealthy larnier, and owner of most of he
inland. 'I'he deserter nervously inquired,
■■ What [)l,ice is thi-,; is it in Clanada (jr the
I'uiled Sl.ites^" "'I'he United .States, and
\()U are al! rii^ht,"' was Cooper's cordial i^reet-
iug, as he took in the situation at a tilanec.
'I'lirnini^ to his (omrades, who weue anxious'
awaitiiif^ his report, he shouted, "'Come' on.
lio\s, we are all safe.'' 'i'heir deliL^lit was un-
bouiuk'd, and happier men never sal down to
an ample breakfast than were those weary and
han 1-blistered deserters. The next day .Mr.
('ooper a(( ompanietl tiiem to C.ipe \'inrent,
where (jnite an e.xcitement was ( re.ited by
tlii_-ir appe.iranre in bright se.irlet uniforms,
t'ooper, who was ipiite a char.icter in his way,
pom])ouslv led the three liles of sjilendid
youiiL^ fellows as the\ m.irehed up to the
hoti'l, ,ind many a joke was bandied over the
exrited civilian chii-flain who w.is tlauntles^ly
KailinL; his column to an attaik on — Ljlass-
I'orlilied bottles in the hotel bar ! Soon
al'ter their arri\al in the village, several
otiticers of their rei^iment (ame over to
trv and induce them to return to their
renimenl, 'I'he citizens of (■ai)e X'iiK cnt
m.ide it somewhat imi ()mf(n-t.d)le for these
oft'n ers, and the soldiers would not i;o into
any private room for consultation, but mak-
ing; the interview \ery public, with any
amount of advice freelv interspersed b\- the
ex( ited bystanders. 'I'he change in the rela-
tions between these soKliers and the young
martinets, who a few hours before were formal
and indirferent to them, was striking. The
deserters api)reciated it keenly, and curtly
refused all the persuasive ap|)eals made to
them oil the part of the ollicers, 'I'hey all at
once enlisted in oui' .irm\'. Tourist who pass
to oi from Kingston liom I ,ipe \iii<el.t,
.iround the lu-.nl of Long Island, < an easily
take in the route of these dcserter.s in their
unknown wav to the freedom the\' sought.
.Another p.iity of ten deserters crossi'd over
on the ice, t'ollowing the lino of the Long
Isl.md (!anal. .Ml went well until they i ame
to liig 111), which somehow puzzled them,
and two of the party became exhausted
thr. ii.gii he, ivy walking in the deep snow,
and had to be left behind. The others pressed
forward, and seeing a light on Carlton Island
made for this |)oint. 'I'he walk was a long
and tiresome one, and thev sor)n found that
they had se\eral miles to tramp before they
would reach ('a|)e Vincent. I'cw ( ,in realize
how bitter cold a walk in the night on tlu- ice
in the river St. Lawrence rarel\' is, who lia\c
had no experience; arid when the night is
cold, and the distanie long, the situation is
far from being an agreeable one. On finally
reaching the " Cipe," they struck the shore
near the engine-house, at the railwav, and
seeing a light, just at the dawn of d.iy. one of
thern peeped in, milch to the surprise of the
night watchman. '" Ls this in ilie Cniteil
St, lies?" was his ]>athetic (piery. < >n being
assurcil that he was on Cncle Sam's free soil
he called to his half fro/en (:om|ianions to
"tJiine (UT," ,ind a grateful coal lire never
seemed friendlier to these deserters than on
this oc( ,ision. The following day they en-
listed al Waterlown. I'riggs was at the Cape
to go with them to headipiarters; ,iiul he
could not understand how ten men (onid
possibly make anv mistake in crossing direct
to Cape \'ini ent after all the object lessons
he had laiiL'hl them, and all the descriptions
he had given them, a day or so before they
iiiK eremoniously left their quarters in Kings-
ton. I'hey h,id made a sh.irp deiour out of
.a direct course from the can.il to C^ajje \'in-
cent, by turning to the eastward so as to
touch at C,irlton Island.
Hriggs was fertile in his expedients in get-
ting deserters across the river, in summer as
Well as in winter. In the winter of i,S6^ he
put four deserters in an open sleigh, coscred
them with blankets and bags of bran, and
; '
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1^ 11
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.i/.i>\.; /■///; sv: /..iiru/.vi/. /\ riii ir.i/: /'./I'.s or /S>''/
267
(liii\r i1iIiiiil;Ii iIic (ii\ .nul ,i( ro^^ l'"n;4
I il.iiicl. |i,is-,iii^ lAi) lodUout posts un llu' loiilij
willioiit troiiUlc, .iiul irac hod Ciipe X'inccnt in
s.ifcty. 'I'wo (Livs KitiT lif fe|n'atc<l llu' s.iiiu'
ai lion, lull --i/iivluiu' ^llsllil ion hail lalleii on
liis plan^, and. as he drove out upon the i(\'
in Kinl,'■^ton ii irlior, dctrctivcs in.idc ( hasc
with a licit horse. lirin^s s<'ented tlicdaiv^er
at oiii e. and, lor^in^ his fine sp.iii of lleel
horse> into a run, made hot time to the inland
and swept arross in Ljreat >hape, until he
rea( hed " Tom Horn's," a noted hotel oppo-
site (^ipe N'ineenl. Here the llrilish ]ialrol
was ipiarteri'd, and as he drove up, his horses
('o\x'i-ed uitii foam, a ij,uard asked, " What
have you ^ot, and why have you run your
horses so'" "Come and see," ua-> llrifins'
reply, :\ni], as the ;4uard approached him, he
sei/e'd the soldier's musket, pushed him into
the snow, anii, iiuttin^ his liorses to their best
pace, was soon out of the reach of the shouts
aiK. Iiullets of the irate and dumlifounded
j^uard>! He knew that he could uet awa\' be-
fore another uuard and ■j.wn could put in an ap-
pearance, and in this he made no mist.ike.
He sent the gun hack the next da\-. with his
regrets that he found il necr^sirv to liorrow
it, and hoiiing that his sli|jping down in the
snow did not iticoiueiiience him in the least I
This hold adventure was rather a serious one.
as it finally turned out. Ilriggs ( utiUI not re-
turn, the team w.is uiuler the lian ot'(!anadian
law. and so team ami man found ipiarters .it
('ajie \'incent for a time. I)uly was paid on
tiie animals, ,ind this nalurali/ed them, while
the Iiero of the incident made merrv o\er the
success of his action. Hut it was too hot in
Kingston for him for some lime. Cireat e\-
(u'tement |iie\ailed there. 'I'lie long suspicion
was at last moulded into c ertainiy. Ilriggs
had hecai the mysterious .igeiicy through whii h
so many deserters had been piloted to '' the
.'>tates," ,ind a prici' was set on his head.
Cipt.iin Kidd and Claude Duxal of earlier
times had ,1 rival in Ceorgc' liriggs for manv
months. I).iringto return to Canadi.m soil,
after the excitement had l,irgel\- subsided, he
w,is arre^ted and pi iced in prison, willuuit
bail. Jt looked d.uk fur the d.iunlless
" ( leorge," belli lid uiifeijin;; !)olt> .llul b.irs, in
strong w.ilU ( onlined, and the end of his
c.ireer a> a " (le-^crler's pilot " w.i-, supposed
to \)A\\] bicii re.iched. Iliit not ^o with
llrmg^. He h.id no ide.a of l.inguishing long
in pii^on, anil li\ing on the plain fare of
I rimiii.ds. ()ne d.i\' lii^ lather w.is .illowed to
visit him, and while he was there l!ri::gs sud-
denly but gently disarmed the guard, and
strode unconcernedly p.isl the sentinels and
regained his liberty ! .\ little later the gu.ird
sounded an akirm, and when the room w.is
\ i-.ited, old .\Ir. liriggs w.is calmly looking out
of the grated window I There was revelry by
d.iy for a few minutes, and when the fai ts of
the sitii.ition were ascertained, there was great
coni'uotion. I''ather ISriggs was the only cool
mafi in the room. He was gre.ttly surprised
at seeing so m my ottii i.ds of the prison come
in. "Where is my son ?" asked the fatiier,
with iniiidi feigned feeling. " Where is he I
was the leplv. " Wh.it did you do to helj)
him esc.ipc ? " "l>o|"saiil the a|iparentlv
surprised lather; " wli.it ilo \ou mean?
Where is in\' son? I came in to see (ieorge
h.ilf .111 hour ago, and after a little, he said he
wanted to s])eak with the guard ,1 miniile, and
I looked out of this window. It ap|)eareil
kind of natural, and so I enjoyed it fur a \\:w
inoinents, and then I heard a rumpus .ind,
looking round, saw the guards rushing in
here. Th.it's all I know about it. Re, illy,
lias Ceiiige gone tor good? " .\nil. as there
W.IS no proof that he had dont.' anything to
.ibet his son's escape, he was tnially released.
The grim humor of the escapade — to those
who knew the cool cal(ailati(Uis for the event
— was fully appreciated bv all who knew
father and son intimateh'. ()ld .Mr. I'>riggs
was ,1 counterpart of his son in features
and in burly I'orm, ;ind it w.is this close
resemblance, when similarly clothed, that
made his passing f)f the guards possible
and easy. They sup])osed that the f.ither was
on his wa\- home, and so had not the least sus-
picion of the real facts of the case. .\s mav
well be imagined, the citv of Kingston and
surrounding country were prot'oundh' stirred
by this second adventure of the redoubtable
T
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./ >(>/r.':xiu or ////: sr / iu-a'/xc/-: Avr/x
; I
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,111(1 iiuxtinj^uish.ililf liri(,'^s. lor n liiiii', lu'
kf|)t (lilt of llu' Hriiisli (l(llnini()ll^; Imi at
U'Ugtli he rt'tunu'd to his old hoiiu', tho trii'iid
of c\t'ryl)ody, and a j;ciK'ial favorite. \ ears
afterwards In- set his wils to work in siniij;-
uliiig oil from the Slates into C'anada, and so
expert was he that the Canadian authorities
ai tiially appointed him an iiispeetor of i iis-
toms, thus luinnini; to the support ol the laws
one nf the keenest ot'fenders ai;ain^t them.
This move put an end to this sort of sduil',-
ylini;. i)racti(ally. lew dared to take the
chances of falling under Urigi^s" veteran e;
and to the end of hi-^ life he did his duly faith-
fully and well, He was a nuble-hearled friend,
as brave a man as evi'r li\ed. and tinder, as
few are. to the sufferinj^s of the jiour and
afllictetl. The writer knew liiin uell, and
ureatly admired the riiy;^ed side of hi-, iii,iiil\
character. A^ain and a^ain has he listened
to the j;ra|)hic and yet molle^t recitals of the
adventures of this jolly and fe.irless mm diir-
iii^ the war period, which were told in ,i m, in-
ner ])rofuiindly impressive. IhiL^^s was the
Kol) Roy of Canada, — clewr, of huundless
resources, and yet i;entle .is a child in the
presence of sorrow and ilistress. Hi-, i areer
was a unique and remark.ible one, as it
oiiened by his piloliiii; many Hritish soldiers
out of Canada to enlist in the riiion arms-.
It was continued by smujiglinL:; lari;e ipiantities
of f)il from the States into Canad.i, and it
closed by his admirable services as an excise
otticer in the service of the C!rown ! His
name and fame will lonj; abide as that of .1
man famous in his day in the circles where he
lived; and few ])ublic characters of his time,
along the St. Lawrence ri\er, created a deeper
interest, or was more popular, than the daring,
erratic and chi\alrous deorge Hriggs, — out-
law, smuggler, anil admirable public otticer.
DkSI.KI KKS, " BillN l\ JlMI'lKS," .\M)
"SkI'.I).\1)I.I.Ks."
There were two classes of deserters who
became well known along the northern
frontier, bordering on C'anada, during the war
days of 1862-t;. {'irst there was the " bounty
jumper," who came over frcjiii Canada to
enlist, with the sole piiipo^e of securing a
l,ir-e bounty and then m, iking his escape
b.ick to I'.inad.i, only to re-a|ipear at some
distant [joint in the States to iepe.it the
oper.ition. "|um|)ing the boiiiu\ " and
'"bounty jumpers." describe this prei ions
(lass of rase, lis in the popular spee( h of the
time. Sei Olid, then came the mm h smaller
class .vho deserted from the front, or while
home on furlough, and mule their way to
C.maila, or. .is was freipieiitly the case, hired
out to I'.irmers on ti.e .\inerican side near
the border, so as to easily cross into the
Hominion. in ( .i-nc of danger. The lirst (lass
named were, as a rule, a bad lot, without
p.itriotism or i haracter, and mere robbers of
llie bounty p.iid for the purpose of sei iiring
ici mils for our arnn; while ni.i... ol tlu' ,
(111(1 ( la^s, returning to their homes along
the Cin.idi.m bdi'ders, on si(k-lea\e, in a mo-
ment of weakness and fear, wearv of the
dangers and luirdships of acti\c service, and
not infreipienily suffering iVom wounds and
ill-health, were tempted to make their way
across the St. Lawrence River into the
(^>iieen\ I )oiiiinions. .\ third element of
sal'eiy seekers during this period was the
" skedadler," who ran away to Canada for
fear of the dreaded "dr.ift." This was corn-
par, iti\el\- ,1 huge (lass — and ,1 pitiable one
.ilso. h'.very young man who left for Canada
WIS a marked object for keen ridicule by all
who knew him. To admitted cowardice
there was added the sharp tooth of criticism,
(jf a kind that made sure wreck of any future
promise in the land of his birth. l'.\er\ sm h
" skedadler " dug his own grave \\ hen he
made Canada a shelter from duty's manly
service. If a record of the arrests and at-
tempti^d .arrests of deserters along the St.
Lawrence River could be given, it would
furnish interesting matter, but onl)' a few
cases can be mentioned here.
The writer of this chapter was a special
agent of the War Department during the
period of which this treats, and it fell in the
line of his duty to become the ])rinci|)al actor
in several exciting scenes in this connection,
.ilong the historic river St. Lawrence.
.
.i/j'Xi, rill: s r. i.AWR i:\ri:
l\ I III-: WAR /),/ YS Ol- /A/./ ,-
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Word iiMilird the I'nn nst-Marsli.il i
W'.itcrtou II, thai a nuiiil)ur of df^crlcrs wtTc
ill llic li,il)il 01 rctuinin^ to this side of
ihf liver, just below Millrii', I!,iy, and the
u liter was ordered to Ir) and arrest them.
'l'akill^ a soldier with him, lie went to
a point on the St. I,awri'iHe, jiist o|)|)osite
('riinneH's island. On the ("anadian shore,
o|i|)osite this point, iiiiite a lillle ( olony ot
deserters liatl I'oiind woik at small |iay on
(arms about the see tion, and seseral were in
the habit of crossiii}; oser the ri\er to pay
viriits to relatives and friends who iiiet iheiii
at the shore. Taking up ipiarters with a
lainny named ( 'ai ter, liviiiL; iiist opjiosili' ( Irin-
nell's Island, III! the I'nion shore, the de-
le(ti\es had not long U\ wait before the wife
of a ileserter came down and wa\ed a signal
to her husband to (ome ac russ. The detec-
tives were ( (iin ealed in the hou.-e, and soon
saw a small boat put out from the other side.
it came o\er, and, just as il striu k the bea( h,
the ot'li( er, pistol in h.iiid, stejiped forwarti
and ordered llu' deserter to surrender.
He was sitting in his skiff, t, liking to his
wife, so as to be reatly for an\' surprise, as was
his custom ; and the moment he was con-
fronted by the ciltict'r he sprang u]i, and wiih
an oar ipiickly jjushed his boat f)iit beyond
re.ich. Pointing his large (poll's re\diver at
ihe dese'^ter, the oflh er c ommanded him to
I ome ashore, or he would lire. His wifi'
jumped up and down in a half frantic mainur,
and shouted shrilly, ''|)on't \ini doit; don't
you dt) it ; let him shoot mui first ! " She,
at least, was no coward ; her ringing words
and dramatic acts had a strange effei t upon
the now pale-fa.ci'd deserter, giving him
courage — the blind courage of despair; and
his wife's stirring wo.'ds, shrieked into his
ears, spurred him on in his desperate elfort
for freedom. 'I'lie officer slu)\ed off his
boat, and, being a good oarsman, soon
gained upon the retreating deserter. The
wife kept up her encouraging apjieals, while
the lady residents of the solitary house on the
shore were eager s|)ectators of the comical and
yet serious race before them. The deserter
had a small sail to his skiff, and ihis began to
aid him ,is he pulled oiitfrinii iimler the sluue
niln the bree/e, whic li h.ippeiied to be fidin
the south, thus strongly aiding him in Ins
efforts to escape. 'I'he ofti( er found that ihe
race, \ luler the ((Uiditions nt n.irs ,ind s.iil,
was ,111 uneven one, and in h.isiilv glaiu ing at
the lleeing fugitive over his shoulder, to see
how things were working, an oar slippetl ii|i
on the iron tlio!e-|iin. uhiili bent down, .md
over went the (jflic er on his b.u k, in the bol-
loiii of the boat, with his heels in the air ! .\
shout Went u|i I'rom the iubilantwife onshore,
whi(h did not .idd to the olficer's good feel-
ings: and, regaining his feet in the tollliiig
bo, It, he c.illed to the deserter tli.it he would
shoot il he did not instantly surrender. .\'o
heed w,is paid lo the summons, and lire was
opened upon him in brisk f,isliion, at lessih„n
loo yards di^iaiu e.
liiillet ,ifler bullet, from ihe lieavv Colt's
revolver, was ^ent piunt blank al the desper-
ate man, who was rowing lor de.ir lite lo gel
across the rivel', l^ai h sliot went (lose lo
the mark, as ( oiild be seen ,is they spKishtd
into the ri\er just bevond hiin. .Six shots
Were fired, when the (base h,i(l to be aband-
onetl, and the officer returned to the shore a
grealls' disgusteil and be, Hen num. The ile-
serler's wife was still on the shore and greeted
him with stinging jeers, but an iingallant and
yet foK ible threat that luT own ,irrest might
follow, sileiK ed her nimble tongue — whiili
was, perhaps, not unn,ilural under the jiecii-
liar circiimstani es. Later in the o.iy a drum
and life were heard ac ross the river, and by
the aiti ol a good glass a gathering of men
coulil be seen there. Karly in the e\ening a
neighbor, who had been on the other side,
( aine and told the oftu er that an att.ick was
contemplated from the deserteis, who had
sworn vengeance for the attempt lo arrest one
of their number. The officer and guard pre-
pared to give them a warm reception in case
they should ( ome. Their situation, h;jwever,
was not at all desirable, in \iew of the fa( t
that a do/en des[)erale deserters were in easy
real h, and only two men were ])resent to
meet any atlai k. Mrs. Carter was a widow,
with two ilaiiglilers, li\ing at the landing
:li. *
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,; sofi/x/u (>/■ nil m. i iwki \rr Kiii-k'.
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.ilnnc, 111(1 Ml lln'M' NdiiiiL; hiiliis li.id llir ir.il
{iliiik mil ((iiii.iuf 111 iMir liiiiiim-'. I In \
vcilunitiMi-d III L;n mil i.ii pii ki.i, 'iiil lliis u,is
iiiil ini iiiilli'il. JliiIKi-- vvfic I 111 ii|i mill
>lii:;^ Ml .:s Id liKikc ,i --i .itlrliiiL; i li,ilj;i'. iIuiiin
.liul williloWS wcTt,' li.ll I ir.lilnl, ,lllil .ill W.ls
iiiidr iiMiiy liir .1 •■iiiMiiiin iirlinM'. I'lu.'
ilnnii ami I'llc i milil Ik- ]iLiiiil\ licanl Im inmi.'
ill, Ml .111 liuiir, .iiiil wlirn il.irlviu">> i .iiir' uii .i
•>li.ir|i iiiilliiiilv \v.i> kt|ii lur ilir ilirc.iliiuil
,111.11 k. Iliil nniic ( .inir. I'i~rirliiiii \\.i^
liclil III 111.' IhIUt ill. ill liidiM 1(11(111. |i\- llic
ilMU' iK-Ml liTS, .111(1 ullilc lil.inV r()im--i'lcd
'■ w.ir til lln' kiiik'," llic niiidiiiN' liiKillv riiii-
cliiiK'il iinl III iii.iki' .111 .lit II k nil I'm If S.imV
s()ldii.T--. I lie niulil |i.i>s(d \\\\\\ iin .il.inn.
.111(1 lllC IIL'M (l.iy lllc liiKr-^ (il llu; I liiU'il
St. lies sik-iilly .111(1 siiiiR u lial sullunlv willi-
dix-\v -liiMlcn liiit not di^uLu cd.
1 his d(.'--i'i tiT, .illri till' u.ir, s, lid tli.it (UK-
hiilk't |i.is>(.(l llir(iil;;!i his hiir. ,md that srv-
(.•ral 1)1' lluin whi-^lUd sniic.ir In him lh.it Ik
l(.'lt the ^ui^h (if ihc :iii-, and t'ciri-d lie had
lurll hit. Ill' (Ifil.llid th.ll he \\,i-> tim
" --raicd 111 siiiii ndcr," .iiid ih.il he iiai li.mi-
I ally liHik lllc nais, riiuin;^ au.i\ in \i;4orniis
l.ishiiiii, ill sluTi' (lcs]n iMliiin liMin the first
iinpuUc ill. It r.iiiu' n\ , |- him, Tiii^ .idvi iiliirc
had .1 lii.iikrd illi( t, Ik lu cVTi, i:|iiiii ihr ai -
lions (if tli(_' (K'srrh T^ li\iii;_' aiiii--- the lisii'.
'I'luy .11 I '^t inaiK- ,i L;rc.it dcil nl nni-c and
Idiidly tlircalLiH'd izicit ihiiius Ik i .m--i' ni this
atl(.'iii]it 1(1 arrL'>t one nl' tlnir im'^ir.iiilc cl.m,
hut llicy tlu.Ti,'allcr tnnk j;iMid < .in- in k(.'i]i
tlu'iiisi'lws sal'civ lai the ( '.madian sidr nt' llu-
n\vv. The ()lli(iT (HI iiauiiiin- In W'.ittTiiiw n
was uniiu'rcil iilly hcctoii'd nvi r ihis raihiic In
aiTcst lliL' ik'scitL-r. This w.i^ nni in>t,in( c
uluic tlu' hir(c of llu- I'nilnl .si.ilcs wa-^
ImI'IIlm! |i\ tlu' t.'M ape (if llu' riiclin, nil llir
."s.iiiit I .awri'iici', diiriiiL; the d.us nflhr miuiIi-
v\\\ iclicllinil. ( )lU' ( .llisr of LJlr-it -Lit itlldi.'
on the p. lit of till' ofliccr I'aihn^; In m ikc the
ariX'sl was th.ii nunc nf hi> shots hit the nn-
tniiuii.itc dcsi'itcr, during; his di-s|i(.'ialc (.mi-
tions to ii'.K h the C'anadi.in slmic. N'c.irs
afterwards the writer vi-^iied this spot, ,ind
mused over the excililiu si rlle cli.icled there
iivuiv \cais hefore. It is .i lii\el\ view I'lniii
the >lioii where the deserter I. Hided llis liiial
(lliniieH's IsKiiiil, (dViied uilli line loliaue,
looked like .1 l.ll\^e I'aiu l.ild ,i;eli1 in the i le.ir,
sweel ri\el. while on liie rij^hl, lookilij^
C'an.idaw.ird, .i u ell-u ooiU'd jilot lined the tar
shore of the little hay. The lu'roie ladies
uele i;olie the inolhel dead, .ind llie d.inj;h-
lels in.iiiied ,111(1 all (h,iiij;ed .ilmul the spot
( \i ept the ehai iiiiiiL: si eiiery ,ilonL; llie iioliK'
livir. Cnus sinod in the shallou s iie,ir the
■-hnii.', ^entlv wliiskiiii; llie llii'^ fioin their
hodies ,is ihev dr. ink the swei I w.iler, ,md
I nnled their leel ill its j^i.ileful eur. lit.
Sin, ill in mipnil.iiu e .is tli ■ im idelit w.is. of
the e-e.ipe nt llii' deserter, il lilnuj;hl h.ick
iiiiiiiories III the u.ir d.i\s nl ninie ill. in p.iss-
iiiLi iiitere--| In niie nf tin.' ( hi( f ai lois in llie
■>ei io-i oiiiii little dr. una of \e.iis hefore,
.Xliother \eiy intereslin:; i,'\eiil h.ippelied
lint f.ir I rniii ( 'lavtnn in ;lie f.ill i,S6.'. ( '.ipLiiii
jnhii A. Iladdoik, while home floni the .55tli
X. \'. \ Ols., on riertiiliiiij; service. « .is informed
ill. 1 1 ik'sel lels 1 1 din our ,ii iii\ li\ iiii; in ('an.uht.
w ere ( oiisi.inlh' ( oiiiin- o\ er and steal in j; poul-
try, |ii,L;s .111(1 nilu r ihiiius, uiiMlly to the aiinoy-
.iiK e ot niif farmers alniii; the Si. Lawrence.
This w.is ninre ih.mlhe eiieimtie Il.iddoik
1 ollld lie.ir, .Hid sn, with .1 (let.lil nf I'lVi' snl-
(liels. he W( 111 til the --I elie of these depled.l-
tiniis. Ilf ,1-1 1 rlaiiied th,it se\er.il deserters
well- sloppiiiL; .It a point ne.ir the American
shole, .mil he laid hi- pl.llls in ( inss n\er in
the niulil. ( .Ipllire them ,ilid hliu;; llielll liai k
with him. The si luiue «,is ,i Imhl one — lor
It siniph me, ml .in iin.isinn nf foreign lerri-
lni\. .ind the hiL;li-li.iiideil arrest of men on
fnreii;n soil. Iliit ihe iiei\ i .ipiain p.iid sm.dl
allelltioll to ihesi,' lri\i,il i ollsidrratiolls, in
\iew nl the dast.iidly .Kliniis of deserters
he lo.ilhed, A lillle lufoic midiiinht ('.ip-
t.iiii lladdnik h.iil his i oiiim.md eiiiliark in a
lin.il Willi liiin. .iiiil. nuiim '" '''*-' '' *■' '" ''"-'
1 i\ er liet w (■( 11 the main land and the isl.ind,
some diffuulU \\,l- expelieiiied ill reaclllllj,'
the foot (if Idiii; I -land. ( )iiee safely
l.mded, .1 i.iicliil disposition of the force w.is
made, so as to he sure tli.it the deserters
klioun to he in the house (duld nnl esciiie,
,uid a loud demand w.is made for these men
! I
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-\"S
I'l iiiiiic mil jiiil -.III rriidir. Ilic (',in,i(li:ui
li.;lii-li()ii>c krr|Hi, at wIkix- hoinc ilic dL'^fit-
(.■is urre sloppiii,:;, nislu.'d mil, ,i\ in li.mil.
.mil Imsdly dn l.iiccl tli.ii hr uiiuld kill ,my
N'.mkiT iiioIIht's son uho attrniiilcd in in-
vade llir -^ai I'rd sciil (it Canada, in .in iinlau-
lid cllin-l III aiTi'sl an\ mir iiiidi.'r lii^ rnol,
I If ■.imnird ,iiid I'.n'rd, and iniivnl lii^ ri.i^lit
t'> lie I alk'd lu'.ivc ,i> wrll a> \,illlalilc hv the
^italuarl «a\ lir drtcndcd lii.nwn liv a( t and
>|H'ii li. iiiil llir iindaiinicd 1 laddi)t k rmaliy
t;iil Ills rai, and plainly Icild liiin lie wa-- llicrc
ti) ai lot the luo (KsiTiciN ; III, It lu' u-,i, l,a( kcd
1)V I 111' .irinv of Ilk' rnilcd Stales ; and, linallv,
that Ik- \v,h tluTe to t.ikc tliulll — wilhoiit
liloodslud. \\ jio'^silile — in '• ,i,;orc'," it' ncccs-
sais'. This resolute sland ( aiised the o\er-
powcred Canadian to yield, his threatenin,i;- a\
was laid down, ihe tuo Aiiierii .ni desert-
eis ueie seized, and I he Aineiiran forces
made .m m-derly letiirn to the main shore in
triumph, hriuiiini; their prisoners with them !
Captain I laddoik's bold and rash adsentiire
created a prolonnd impression among the
Anierii an deserters, alon;.; the ri\er especially.
They " cliiiilied to the rear luel\- " immedi-
ately afterw.irds, .is one descrilied il, liecaiise
they were dreaming <lreanis and seeing \isions
ol' appro, iching officers in search of Ifncle
S.un's delinquents. The hue and cry that
lollowed made no end of talk .iloiig the border
on both sides of the ri\er. Tig and chicken
ste.ding on the American shore ceased at once,
and one of the sc.ircest s|)eciniens seen for a
long time of ihe genus homo was an .\merican
deserter in these parts.
Iladdoi k was for a time a typical dare-tievil
hero — greatly admired b\ the small bov, and
gr.itefiilly appreciated by .ill haters of desert-
ers and the " blarsled llritisluus " — as the
]ihrase went in these esciting and turbulent
days, N'ot long after this nun hdiscussed
" invasion," Captain Haddock leturned to his
regiment in N'irginia, then in winter ipiarters.
Hut a cloud suddenly fell upon his short-
lived glory. The Canadian Cio\ernnient had
made hasle to lay before the liritish foreign
office the f.icis about the unwarranted arrest
of the two deserlers on llriiish soil, and angrily
dein.mded s,iti:,f,i( tion. The liritish Coveiii
ineni iininedi.iteh nolified ijie liritish Minister
.It W'.ishington to secure prompi ri'drcss fr(jin
Sc'cretary Seward foi the indiguiiy \\hi(li
C.ipliiin Haddock and his merry soldiers h.id
iiilli(le(lon the soil of Long Island. Scnetnrv
Sew.ird sent this (leniaiul to the Secretary of
W.ir, and Secretary Stanton forwarded it, in
due course, to Capt.iin lladilock lor a reply.
The Captain had thought the matter over, and
the c.ise of the Ste.inier Caroline which was
( aptiired many years before at S( hlosser's
Landing, in the Niagara River, by liritish sub-
jects — one man being killed, and the steamer
set on lire and sent over the l-'alls -- seemed to
him a fair set off, inasmuch as theai I was highly
appl.iiiiK'd by the llriiish (lovernment at the
lime. What was s.une for the goose he thought
might bes.uice for the gander — internationally
considered, lint this defence and explanation
were deemed insiiflicient, and a general order
w.is read to the regiment dismissing Captain
John .\. Haddock from the service, for his
midnight r.iid into llriiish territory on the
St. I.awren.e River, at the head of five
bra\e .\ineri<au sokliers. His official head
was off-- but he still lived. He made
hasle to Washington, ,md at once called
u|ion Secretary Stanton. " ( )h." said the
Secretary, " you are Captain Haddock, who
invaded Canada with a force of five men and
c.iptured two American deserters, and whom
we ha\e just dismissed from the service
be( ause the llriiish Minister demanded this
thing done." I'ausing a moment, he added ;
" N'o matter, Captain, we had to dismiss you
for your act, under all the circumstances, but
I will give you a better i)osition right away,"
and he had a lommission as Major in the
Reserve Corps issued and signed by President
Lincoln the same afternoon. It remains one
of the most precious souvenirs of the gallant
Major to this day. It is evidence of the both
laughable and serious performance which took
jilace in the jiale moonlight, on an island in
the St. Lawrence, where a blow vvas struck
that, literally, later on, "echoed round the
world." True, its tones did not create much
of a commotion, but they helped make the
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.; .s('/'i7;.\7A' ('/•■ ////■: si: i..iwri:.\ci-: av/'aa'.
(.li.iii.iMHi (if hi>t(iiv. and the event is believed
to lie lillini;!)' wnrthy of a place in this
Sniiveiiii- hi^tiiiN of the inajestii' ii\ er this same
Major Haddiii k is i/ieiianng lor the public.
l!lia;K M'HU Al. SkKIXH.
The following notice, taken from the ll'ti/i/-
lowii Diiilx Tiiiirs ol" Ajiril ,5, 1S95, contains a
brief but clear biograiihical notice ol the
author of the deeiily inleresiii\L; cliapter of his
toric rcinini^cenc es which are printed on the
preceding pages. It i> inserted here because
it tersely iles(ribcs in part, Col. Shaw's ser-
vices to the counlr\ in war and peace. — [Till-:
V.\n\o\i.
An ICni.mm; w i i u ihi, (lRi:\r. — .\ I, \ki;i-, .\ri>i-
I \i 1: 1 ll.AK^ I'.l ui.l K\ r I'ol; I k A'l AI S 111 >ciNn;iU
I III'. Wmki.ii's 1" Willi ■- Ml \.
'• I 1r' closing 1( iiiiic (if ihf course al ihc Baptist
cluiich l.isi ( vLMiiiit; wa> a cliarmiii^' evciil. I'lic
liidieiicr was laiijc and aii]iiccianvc, and (heir .it-
trniion never ll.iiigcil for a nioiiu-nt. Major J. A.
Ihiddock prcs.dcd, and Mr. Sfviiiour Knowlton
saui; a soio willi ;_;ieal Ice lini;, and trave a dcliiflufnl
encore, cliarniin<4 ihe .ludience liy liis reinarkalile
void'. The cli.iiiinan in inlrodncing tlie dis-
tiui^uislieil speaker, said:
" Wlien I joined tlie 3?tli regiment, it was in the
tielil. .\t I'.ills Chiircli, diiiing our lirst winter's
cantonment, I made llie acipiaint.uice of a yonng
m.m in Company "A.' The comiiany contained
lirob.ililv more capable yonnu; iiioii than any other
tliat went from [elleison county, perhaps froir -iiy
other section. I'poii its rolls were the nam,, of
C.cn. Hradley \Vin>low, Col. FCnos. Col. I). M.
IC\ans, Capt. Ileniy Chittenden, Lieut. Morgan,
("apt. Heckwith, Capl. I.illle. I.ieit. (irceiileaf. and
others ei|ually as bright, a wonderfully capable lot
of young men. 'I'his young in. hi, who was destined
to piove himself the peer of the best of l.iese. had a
f.ue like an intci rogation poinl. one etei:Kil ipies-
tion—.ilwav-' wanting to lind out somctliing. \\\>
pursuit of knowledge w. IS phenomenal, an honorable
ami maiked charaiteristic to possess, lie ti.imped
and foiigiit with us .ill through the habitable parts of
\'irgini.i, ever present, ever hopeful, the racontiiir,
'le cliarmmg storyteller. lie was in the thickest
of the light at F ilmoiitli, .it rredericksbiirg. al Cedar
Mount. lin. at White Sulphur Spiings. at (iroveton.
at Second Hull Run. al Chanlilly. al South Moun-
tain. .11 .\iilic>lam — he w.is ineveiy place where the
regiiiienl w.is, for it never went into cinip unless
this young man willi the impiiring face was there,
up in lime with ., clean gun, and with a hue lot of
ammunition, lie sharetl in our ingloricuis provost
dutv for the best part of a loiig year. I hroiigh the
Walertown papers 1 kept track of him, .uul after he
was honorably discharged \ saw that liis name was
in everv good work. At last I heard of him as the
representative of this great nation in one of the
greatest commercial cities of the world, a city cele-
bralHl even in a whole kingdom of greatness.
There he • jusiiiicd the hoiiois lie bad gained,' and
his associates in M.inchester thought it right to
shower upon him many m.irlis of well earned dis-
tinction. In this model soldier, this good citi/.en,
this pattern luisband and |)arenl, this Christian gen-
tleman, wiih thai same impiisilive face luriied to-
wards knowledge, von will rccogni/e my beloved
comrade, Cm.. Shaw, whom I Ik-.vc the honor to
present to this large audience in intelligent and dis-
criminating Watertown. The colonel will talk to
you of the men he has met in his long and varied
service as a public ollicer of the .American govern-
ment, not onlv in Canaila, but in the British Islands."
FRANK H. TAYLOR.
Amonc, the favored residents at the pleas-
ant summer colony of Round Island there are
none better known 01 more enthusiastic re-
garding the charms of the Thousani Islands
th.m Mr. Fk ank II. I'avi.or. one of the i^iw
riiiladelphians who spend their summer in
this regioti. After much and varied tr.ivel as
an illustrator ,ind writer, Mr. Taylor came to
the St. Lawrence ui)on a mission for Harper's
Weekly in rS.Si, and at once recognizing the
certainty of its supremacy as a summer resort.
he built the pretty cottage at the foot of
Round Island, which he calls " Shady Ledge."
Mr. 'i'aylor. with his wife and only son. who
is .dso ,in artist, return here each season with
great regularity in June, and devote the sum-
mer to the congenial work of the water color-
ist. Mr. 'I'.ivlor's illustrations of islaiul life,
accompanied b\ vi\id descriptions, have ap-
jicared in m.itiy publications, .md have tlone
mmh to ))opulari/e the l)eautiftil islands
throughout the <()untry. 'I'lie writer is in-
?
CN.l.XD \!/:W /'.IRK.
~i 3
dcbtcd for several pictiucsiiuc ( ha|ilcrs in tliis lie ilcsircs lo pixsciU. This is a mo>l hap|)y
work to Mr. I'aylor's facile pen. lie lias coaibination of talent, as valu.ible as it is rare,
clone more to populari/e tiio St. Lawrence Mr. Taylor's deline.ilions have been delicate
.Vrchipelago than any other man. This he has but most expressi\e. He is one who brings
been enableil to do from the fact that he is the love of nature into his work, fully believ-
not only a line writer, but an artist as well. inp that honest delineation of scenery niucl'.
and can both describe and delineate anything above an)' attempt to introduce fancy effects.
.i i
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GRAND VIEW PARK.
l'5*\\ the north-wi'stern point, at the lie. id of
W'ellesle)' Isl.ind, is located tik WD \'lKW
I'akk. .\ more apiiroju i.ile name for this
charming spot it would be diflicidt to conceive.
Nature has been kind in its endowment of
(pialities \,du,d)le in a summer resort: jutting
far out into the waters, with the C'anadi.in
main channel on one side and I'.el Hay on the
other, it receives the presailing west wind
fresh and pure full in its lace — yet be( ause of
the thrifty growth of young forest trees, almost
covering its surf.ice, visitors at this Park may
find shelter when ilesirable from the winds,
blow whence they may.
The iirominitory lies high and di\, and frotii
the he.ul, on \\hi( h stands the comfijrtable
(Irand \'iew House, with its broad piaz/.is,
may be seen both main shores and many of the
nia/v islands lying between. (Ir.md \'iew be-
ing .ibout lour miles from the .American and
three from the C.madi.m shore. .\ Tine sandy
bathing be.ich, extending gr.ulualh' into deep
water, rendei-, bathing safe even ftu' women
and children. It is a( knowledged to be the
fmest beach among the islands, and man\-
yachting parlies from Alexandri.i Hay, Round
Island, Thousand Island I'ark and other re-
sorts spend the afternoon pleasantly at this
point. Fishermen who sojourn at (Irand View
I'ark say they are " right in it."
.\mong the »-ery desirable (jualilies of the
pkice is, that bi'ing in the center of the river,
it is ju.it off the great thoroughfares of travel,
and hence affords ils guests and ( ottagers the
much sought-for rest, comfort and (piielude
whicb ihey leave their l(.)wn homes lo Inid.
In conncccion with the hotel are sever.d
annex ( <jttages where m.niy of the guests lind
just the (piarters they most prefer, and fishing
aiul boating ]).irtie> on the ri\er from other
I i; \NN II. I \\ : "U, I III \i; 1 1^1
point> I onie to the hotel in great numbers lor
dinner.
The inivate cottages .is well as hotels are
served with water from the reservoir tanks,
whi( h are frecpiently llooded from the waters
of the river pumped from beyond the head of
the jiark.
The post-offlce, established three years .ig(\
receives and dispati lies mails twice ilaily, ,ind
,it the dock I'ncle S.iin's customs ofticer
will attend to the imposts and other duties of
hi^ office. The dixks are ample for tlu' land
ing of any of the T'olger bo, its, and on her
s"r
I ' '. ! ' i
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I
A soriKX/R or ///a si: /.,iir/c/:.\( /■. h-ni:h\
ramble .111(1 stMirh lii;ht^ tiips tlu; " St.
LawrciHC " m.ikcr. Lmdinj; here at'ler
le.ivinj; ClaylDii, mi all cK^'a^ion-- tle-
siied, while the l'ark\ nwn terrylmal
iiiaken fiiiiii lour tu right loiiiid trips
daily to 'riKiusaiul l-laiul I'ark. where
coiineetiiin is iiiaile u iih ullur line ste;iiii-
ers lOr pciints up or ilciwii the river.
'I'he foiindiiiL; nt' (Iraiul N'iew I'ark
was due tn the rilnii-. III' the uell known
Ixjok jiublisher, Mr. llaiiiilidii ('hihi, ot
S\ r.iriise, N. \ .. A jj,(.'ntleni.in who h.id
tdr many \ears spent portions ot his
sumiiiers on the water, .uul in more
recent years at the
'I'housand Islands.
lond of fishing and
rowing. In; li.ul often
noticed in \\\> wander-
ings the beautiful loca-
tion o|'thi> sight!)- point
and the ni,ignili( -enl
\ iews obtained from its
surface. liiialh, in
1885. he jKirc h.ised the
site, enibr, icing twentv-
h\e acres of l.ind. and
wiih the aid of Mr. V..
A. lloiid, then chief
engineer nf tlie I'lic.i
and 111. 11 k l\i\er Kail-
road, lie surseyed the
park into blocks .iiid
lots, (\'\\ ided b\ about
.ll\II-K or rill iMi'K. MiANl) \11\\ lAKk
two and one-ipi. liter miles of a\eniies
; and rambles — lU'W buildings appe.ired
— impro\i'iiieiits which are still going
•; on e.K h ye.ir. I'ifty-niue buildings lots
are now in pri\.ile hands, while iiearlv
one hundred and seveiitv are yet in the
j m.irket for purchasers.
I The vi>l.is from "The Held," " l!ay-
I si<le," "Prospect Point," and " ( )ver-
look," are varied and charming, — from
the l.itte-r point and vicinity the views
«-■ K (■ommand ne.irly the entire Canadian
town of ( l.inanoipie — its electric lights
■«i\* in the cxcniiig. gl.iring like so many
ill
mI
iiS
jl
%
- I . 1 "' . g^^gagggw
mmmm
Ml
(( I 1
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III i
CfA\l.\7> I J i:\l- I'.IKK.
ON I III I AWN. CHAMi \ll\\ IIUI ^K.
■i 1 i 1 t f r i n -
st.irs. I'Altv
lot () II t li i ■-
p. Ilk, w L' ,iro
ill t'oriiu'il, !■>
suitable lui
1) 11 i 1 (1 i n i;
upon.
Ml. Cliikl.
w li i 1 (.■ r V -
(■(iiinliiiL; his
own L'llurts
in uphuildiny
this ( oniluri-
ahh' and de-
lightful resort
for tho^L' who
make it their
ahidin^ place
in \aeatioi)
time, reverts
also with commend, Tole pii(K' to the lahurs ot Irom Henry, one ot the orii;inal settlers under
his i;randfather and of his father in connection William I'eiin, then livin- near riiiladeli.hi.i,
with the two principal vilhigcs of the island ra.,(aiuot(j lirowiuille in iSo.^ 1>\ tlirec tion
region, Alexandria 11. ly and Clayton, and a of James 1 >. LeKay de C'hauniciiit, to i MiUer
hrief account of whi( h may not he uninterest- with his agent, Jacoh llrown, alierward (fil-
ing to the general reader. Cadwaliader Child, eral of theAmeri(,in forces on the northern
the grandfather of Hamilton, fourth in descent frontier in the war of 1812-14. relative to
projec I e d
roads Mr.
Child was
to sursey.
( )ne of his
first roads
was tlial
ficiiu the
site of
1'' r i e n (1 s'
settlement
( rhiladel-
p h i a ) to
_4 the St.
Law reiH e,
■- i n ( e
known as
the " .\le\-
.1 n d I i a
road," and
I'lAZ/.A (.UANll \II.\S lllHsK, IIImI^ANH I:,I.ANI)s. it WaS in
1|!
,1' .
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III
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IiO
./ .v)//7;.\VA' ('/ ////■: S/\ /..; M7v7..\l7. i<i\ ir.
thai same summer lio selected tlie site of i/ed a compain (if I'Vieiid-. wlm with ilicir
Alexandria Hay for a |iort and village, and families returned and -.ettleil in l'liila(lel|ihia.
liy his recommendation a mile si|uare was >et ( !aihvalladei- ( 'hild made the \\\~,\ clearing;, and
a]iart jjy Mr. LeRay for that puriJose. his snu Oliver, father of ILimiMnn. was ihe
( )n that survey he also selected and rec om- --econd child horn in ihal town. lie, l^o, he-
mended the site of Thero.i t'oi' a villa_tj;e. He i ame ,i |.ronnnenl snrwvoi- fm' Mr. I,eka\ . and
afieru.ird wenl back to I'miibyh ani.i, ori^.m- in |S;; he resur\e\ed ihi- vill,ii;e of Cl.ivloi).
WHAT CAUSED THE GREAT ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. AND WHY DC ES IT
FLOW WHERE IT DOES?
i'urr\Ki n i:\' i. \. immi--. < . k., lu w \ i ikrnwx.
/^r 1 Il'lSE nrc questions that will e\er present the law, ha-> on the ra( il'n side — the --ide of
• themselves as the majesty and immensil\' the L;ri.al ocean — the Kockv .Mount, iins, on
of tlii> noble river im]>resses itself upon tis. the .Xthmtic -ide the low .Xppalai hians, and
I'rof. James 1). Daii.i, of Vale College,
in his Manual of Cieok/gv, declares it is
not by ( hance, or ,i hajihazard circum-
stance, that there is a gre,it water-course
llowing thro\igh a valley to the eastu.ird
in the middle of the Xorth .\meri( an
continent; but that it i-.",i l,iw of the
system of surface-forms of (ontinents."
In his ( ha])ter on Pin >iographi( Cieoiouy
he says :
" lir^l. The lontinetits h.ive in gen-
eral elevatetl m( imtain-borders and a
low or basin-like interior.
" Secondl>'. The highest border lace:
the l.irger ocean.
" .\ stir\ev of the continents in suc-
cession with reference to this law will
exhibit l)oth the unity of system among
them and the jieculiarities of each, de-
pendent on their different relations to
tlie oceans.
"The two .\mericas are alike in lying
between the Athmtic and the I'acilii :
moreoNcr, South .\nierica is set so f,ir to
the east of Xorth Ameri<a (being east of
the meridian of Niagara I'alls), that ea( h
has .111 almost entire ocean-contour.
Moreover, each is triangular in (jutline,
with the widest part, or head, to the
north.
" N(jrtli Ameri( a, in accordance w illi
1 .\l I I .U AM' I Ul/I .
i:
( ;
m
* I
I i
ill
i^^
ir//.i7 r.us/:/} riii: i,i<i:.ir sr. /,ni-K/:.\i / av/v-.a-
'■^2,
l)i-lw(.fii tliL' iwo llicic is till.' j^icat plain ul' llif
interior.
" To llic norlli of Norlli America lies the
small .\r( tir ocean, nuK h encuml)ere(l with
ianil ; and, ( orrespondinyly, there is no dis-
tinct monntain-cliain facing; the ocean.
" The characteristics of the interior plain of
the continent are well displayed in its river
system-, : the great Mississipjii system turned
to the south, and makin}^ its exit into the (iiilf
ot Me\ico between the ajiproaching extremi-
ties ot" the eastern and western mountain
range; the St. Lawrence sloping off north-
eastward; the Mackenzie, to the northward;
the ( cntral area of the plain dividing the tliree
systems being only about 1,700 feet above the
ocean, a less elevation than about the head-
waters of the Ohio in the State of New \'ork.
"South America, like North America, has.
its gieat western range of mountains, and its
smaller eastern; and the l!ra/,ilian line is
closely parallel ■> that of the Ap|)alacliians.
As the Andes fai e the South Pacifi<-, a wiiler
and probably much deeper o( ean than the
North Pacific, so they are more than twice the
height of the Kocky Mountains, and. more-
oxer, they rise more abruptly from the ocean,
with narrow shore jilains.
" Unlike North America, South Ameri( a has
a broad ocean on the north- — the North At-
lanti<', in its longest diameter ; and. ai cord-
ingly, this northern < oast has its mountain
chain reaching along through \ene/uela and
Ciuiana.
"'I'he drainage of South America, as observed
by Professor Ciuyot, is ( losely parallel with
that of North America, 'i'here are first, a
southern — the l,.i Plata — reaching the At-
lantic towards the south, between the converg-
ing east and west chains, like the .\Iississip[)i;
second, an eastern system — that of the Ama-
zon — corresponding to the St. Lawrence,
reaching the same ocean just north of the
eastern mountain border; and, third, a northern
system — that of the Orinoco — draining the
slo[)es or mountains north of the Amazon
system. The two Americas are tiius singu-
larly alike in system of structure; they are
built on one mo<lel."
Thus one of tlu' most noted and most ( red-
ited geologists of our time, dei hires it to be
as it were a fixed l,iw, in the fi)rming of con-
tinents, that there shoidd be a great river sys-
tem llowing from the middle portion of each
continent eastward, or toward the lesser ocean.
Whatever may have been the ( onditions of
this lo( ality in the earlier ages of the world,
with regard to subsidences and elevations of
the earth's (rust, it is ipiite jjrobable that the
relation between the river valley anil the ad-
joining hills and mountains has remained
approximatelv the same; that is, it was always
.1 valley.
Tlu're is evidence, however, that there was
an age when even this might)' river was turned
ba( k upon itself, and the waters were refused
an outlet to the sea. 'I'his evidence is found
in the elevated lake borders and gravel or
jiebble ridges that are to be seen along the
adjoining highlands in New York State and
Ohio.
Prof. (1. I'rederii k Wright, of Oberlin t:ol-
lege, in his book, "The Ice .\ge in North
.America," after discussing the |)reseiit topog-
raphy of Ohio, and the evidence that glacial
action has changed the course of manv ancient
streams, says :
"On coining to the region of the (Ireat
Lakes, the inlliience of ice-l)arriers in maintain-
ing vast boilies of water at a high level is very
(onspicuous. .Around the south .shore of
I-ake ICrie there i> an ascending series of
what are called lake ridges. These are com-
])osed of sand and gravel, and consist largely of
lo( al material, and seem to maintain through-
out their entire length a definite level with
reference to the lake, though accurate meas-
urements have not been made over the whole
field. The a])proxiination, however, is suffi-
ciently iierfect to permit us to speak of them
as maintaining a uniform level. These ridges
can be traced for scores of miles in a continu-
ous line, and in the early settlement of the
country were largely utilized for roads. In
Loraine county, Ohio, an ascending series of
four ridges can be distinguished at different
levels above the lake. The highest is from
200 to 220 feet above it ; the next is approxi-
■I
Il
184
.•; sofi-/:.\7A' (y- the >/: /..iifk/.xc/-: u/u-.a'.
'■' I
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iiKitcly 150 to t6o k'L't ; tlu' m'\t lower is t'rnm
100 to iiS Ic'tt, and the iu\i lowor less than
100 ffil, while sonic apiicar on the islands
near Sandusky, which arc not over 70 feet
above the water level. I'.astward Itdni lluf-
lalo portidiis (if tins -.eries have been traced,
accordiiiL; to Ciilheri, until ihe\' (lisa|ipear
against the hii;hlan(l>, near Alden. on the
l'',rie railroad.
"'I'hat the ridijes on I.akc l'".rie mark tem-
porary shore-line^ of the lakes cannot well be
(loul)ted, for they are not relatetl to an\ great
natural lines of drainage, but follow the wind-
ings of a definite le\'el, receding from the lake
wherever there is a transverse valley, and
forming in >ome 1 a>es i)arallel iinbankiiienls
on either side of such \alle\', running inland
as far as to the general level ol the se-
ries, and then ritu.iiing on il^i'lf upon tl:C
other side, to strike off again jiarallel with
the shore at the same level. Their relation
to the lake is aUo shown bv the local charac-
ter of the material. It is usually such as
would wash U]) on the shore out of the rock
in iilace. In the sandstone region the ridges
arc largely m.ide up of sand, mingled with
fragments from the general glacial deposit.
( )vcr the regions of out-cropping shales, the
ritlges are composed largely of the hanler
nodules which have suc<'cssfiilly rcsisteil the
attrition of the waves. ( )ther evidences that
they are shore-deposits are their stratit'u ation,
the relative steepness of iheir sides toward the
lake and the fre<|uent occurrence of the frag-
ments of wood buried at greater ru' lc>s dejiths
on their outer margin.
It neeil not be said that there has l)een
much >pe( ulation concerning tlu' cause wlii( h
iiiaintLiined the waters of the lakes at the
levels indicated by these ritlges, and permitted
them to fall from the level of one to that of
another in successive stages, so suddenly as
they seem to have done; for, from the absence
of intermediate deposits, it is e\ ident that the
formation of one ridge had no sooner been
comi)leted than the one at the next lower
level began to form. In the earlier stages of
glacial investigation, before the full ])ovver
and flexibility of glacial ice were apprec iated.
and before the exact course of the southern
bound, iry of the ii e-shei'l w.is known, llie
elev.ition of the water to produce lhe>e ridges
uas sU|iposeil to have resiilled either from a
general subsidence c>f the whole region to the
oc e,in level, or from the elev.itiiui of a rockv
barrier .u ross the outlet. Ilolli these thecuies
were .itteiided with insuperable dilliciilties.
Ill the tiist pi. ice, there is no such amount of
coU.iler.il evidence to sup|iort the theory of
general subsidence as there sliouUl be if it
really had occ iirred. The subsiileiu e of the
lake region to such an extent would have left
countless oilier marks over a wide eMeiil of
country; but such marks are not to be t'oiind.
I'",spec i.illy is there an absence of evidences of
marine life. The c .iiisc was evidently more
local th.in th.it of .1 gener.il subsidence. The
theory of the elevation of a rocky barrier
uciiild also seem to be ruled out of the lield
by the fact that no other direct evidence can
be found of suc;h leceiit local disturbances.
Such facts as we have jioint to a subsidence
,it the east rather than to an elevation.
Hill a glance at the course ol the terminal
moraine, and at the relation of the outlels of
these lakes to the great ice movements of the
glaci.il period, brings to view a most likelv
cause for this former enlargement and increase
in height of the surface of the lower lakes. It
will be noticed that the gl.icial front near
New \u\k citv' was about 100 miles further
south than it was in the vicinity of liulTalo.
I lence the natural outlet to the great lakes
though the Mohawk \"alley would not have
been opened until the ice-front over New
iMigland and I^astern New \'ork had retreated
to till' north well-nigh 150 miles. .A similar
amount of retreat of the ice-front from its
farthest extension in Cattaraugus county, in
New \'ork, would have carried it back thirty
miles to the north of Lake Ontario, while a
simil.ir amount of retreat from eastern ()hio
vvoulil have 'eft nearly all the jiresent bed of
Lake Mrie free from glacial ice. With little
doubt, therefore, we have, in the lake ridges
of Upper ("anada, New York and Ohio, evi-
dence of the existence of an ice barrier whic h
continued to till the vallev of the Mohawk,
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38;
and ( Imki- up llir oiitkl tliroiij^h tlu' St. I,.i\\-
rcni I', Imiij; alter iIk; ^;la(ial froiU faitliiT to
till.' west liad witlidr.iwii ilscll U> Canada Miil.
A study 1)1 tlicxj ridges may yi't slu'd iin|ii)r-
taiil linlit ii|i()ii the iLiij^tli (it time during
wliicii tins ill' barrier luntiiiiiei! across the
valley ol the .Mnliawk.
liy the work of our lot al ( ivil engineers in
and about Jelterson i oimly, it has been found
that the gravel depoNits and beds of water-
worn pebbles founil along the iir.'^t estar|iment
of the Rutland Hills and the Dry Hills, so
i alleil, of Jefferson ixniiity, i orrespoud in
actual elevation with about loo feet above the
level of Lake Mrie, and, therefore, ipiite |)rob-
ably mark a shore-line of the same lake re-
ferred to by Professor Wright, .is marked by
gravel ridges along the south shore of Lake
Mrie and as loo feet above its level, and being
caused by the damming u|i of both the St.
Lawrence and the Mohawk River valley >. In
this way we can also llnd a iilausible theory
for the formation of our own lower gravel
ridges, in the fact that after the gl, icier front
hail receded farther, and the Mohawk \'alley
was opened as an outlet, the great iidanil lake
was ilravvn down to a correspondingly lower
level, and its waves and surface motion lashed
a new shore-line, and gave us a new line of
ridges and water-worn pebble.-..
The grooves ,ind lines, and the polishing of
the rocks in jell'ersou countv, show plaiidy
that the general direction of the moving ice of
this locality was in parallel lines with the gen-
er.d direction of the St. Lawrence River, only
the ice was moving up-stream or to the south-
east. The streams and valleys of jelferson
aiul St. Lawrence counties also in general
follow the same trend. The ()swegatihie
and the Indian Rivers (low first southwesterly
and then, making a sharp turn, each How
!)aik .ilmosl parallel with their former course
and with the guiding trend of the St. Law-
rence. Even the (Irassand Raquette Rivers,
further east, I'md themselves swung around
into this general course. The same course is
followed in the ileej) valley known as Rutland
Hollow, about three miles east of the city of
Watertown, and the .Sandy ("reek and Stony
llrook m the southerly |i.irt ol Jefferson
roiinty follow the same gener.d ciuir^e. The
lilack River itself, from the (ire, it ISend to
U'atcrtovv 11, takes the same i otirse, and a v.il-
ley now oct upied by low, ■^wampv l.iiul con-
tinues the same direction to the lake, though
the rivir itsell, from W.itirtowu citv, t.ikes a
lower and shorter ilirei tioii through rocky
gorges to its present mouth .it Hexter.
I'uring the period of this higher glacial lake
the mouth of the lil.ick River must have been
ne.ir Carth.ige, .md the great sand dejiosits in
the towns of LeRay and. W'ilna, known as the
I'ine Plains, were probably the shoal water or
sand-bar formation, su< h as usti.illy oceurs at
the mouth of a strc.im where it enters a lake
or sea. There w.is also, probably, a glacier
coming down the IJl.u k River X'.illey and join-
ing in, and following along with, the greater
St. Livvrence X'.illey glacier, heretofore de-
scribed, as moving to the south-west. The
.diDve l.ii t is proven by the well-ilet'med me-
di.il luor.iine, extending lYom near Carthage
through near Tylerville and the towns of
Roilm.in .ind i'lllisburg, to the lake just south
of LUis village. This moraine is almost en-
tirely of granitii- stones and bowlders, the
characteristic rock of the right bank of the
Rlack River X'.iUey, and the moraine itself
from Carthage to the lake is exactly i)arallel
with the St. Lawrence river.
.\ glance al the map of the Thousand
Islands shows the general outline of the
islands to be long and narrow, ami laid
lengthwise of the river. .An inspection of the
rocks ,uul ledges, and hills and valleys of the
adjoining shores, and the surface of the
isl.uids themselves, develops the fact that all
have followed the same law of direction.
The ice age no doubt has wrought great
changes in the present surface forms, and to
its inlluence we may jiroperly ascribe the
rounded and smoothed surfaces of the hard
rocks and ledges, but it is also probable that
there was a general direction given when the
.Azoic and Laurentian rocks were cooled off
from the great molten mass, and that the St.
Lawrence X'.dlev, with its adjacent uplands,
was an early anil original form of the surface,
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ami that tlir dircci mii nl the i;lai irr iini\i'- |^(li(lll■^. ami liic filliii- ii|iiif old ( lianiicls,
mciil hcfc '.vas diU' In lliis dri^iiial i(inl'iL:ii- and ihc dt'inisiliiiL; nt lnii^ liiu'^ nl ^tnms awi]
ration. Imu Idci^, iDri'i^ii tu tlir Kk alit\ u !u ii tlnv
'riiu i)aralK'lism, liourvii. ul ilu' ^irraiii> arr Uuiml. and the drimsitiiiL; of larm' .irc.i^ of
and \allcvs ol llu- adjoining ii>unii\ , and ilii' saml-lnds — all llicsc, and many otluT iValnrcs,
i;rooving and wearing ull ol tiic rot k_\ inn- arc, beyond doubt, the work ut a giaci.d aLj,c.
THE TECHNIQUE OF FISHING.
I\ (loxF.KN'iR .\l,\ i>Kn'~ nio^I intni.--.lin- and
instru( ti\c artK Ics \i|Hin tbe liirai Rixcr.
1k' lias much to say about the " men he ha^
met,'' and he speaks of all of them more a--
beloved comr.ides than as mere ae;|uaintanees
or as the passinL; \isitors of an hour ; but he
does not say much abnut the tec hiii'|ue, the
apjilianees, the methods of lishin-. itur-ell
an amateur, we base not failed to si.-ek inlor-
niatioii upon the pnints indicated: and, like
all .imateurs, we try tn belii've that there i^
some " royal road to learning;," b\ pur-^uiiiL;
which we may e\( eptionalh " ,L;et there "
without tl'.e labor and im on\ enieiiee- ot learn-
im; 1>\' experience. l rom the ;.;reat i/.\\is
\\'\i,i<i.\ him-^elf tlown to our own dav, and
takini^ our distini,'uislKcl ( iovi-.KM u; .\i.\.iki)
as one of the brii^htest te.u hers of modern
times in all arts piscatorid. the methods, the
little incidentals by which the a-ile w.iter-
deni/ens are lured into the vorac iou^ tryiiiL;-
l),in, have been much disputed — this i^rand
"faculty" of beeomini,' ,in expert li->herm,in
beint; as elusive, \arious, and sometimes as
intricate as wooini; one cil' the lair ^e\, who,,'
moods are often as contr.idic tory as are those
of the most artful musealoii-e or ba^s, and
yet, when captured, are aluuist " loo sweet
for anvthing." Frotn the crookedest tree-
limb, with a i)iece of twine at its end, to the
jointed and polished rod, with linen line and
silver reel, the inaigin is wide and expensive.
I'he poorest and the best of these ajipliauces
have each won great renown, bitt generally in
the hatids of those who knc)w how to use
them, the fish being largely democ r.itic, and
as willing to take a wrii'gling wcuin from a
pin-hook as from one of hkinner s be■^t treble-
arranged, fe ither-decovated devices. .\s in
all good things, in fishing there aie man\
methods ; but in all lisliing, good b.iit is an
inc.lispeiisable adjunct. With it you feel .is a
soldier feels with a good gun in his hand ; it
is his giiarantv of prob.ible success.
'I'he improvements in I'ishine tac kle have
been immense iluring the past forl\ year-..
In iS.p;, the writer s.iw the elder \\ alton, long
--inc e dead, at work upon spoon> th.it could
not now be gi\c'n away — yet of tho-.e rude
.iiteinpts he (cinld dispose reailil\' of ,is in.mv
.IS he could put together. Cliapm.m, at
Theresa and Rc)c hester, li,i> made ni,in\ beau-
tiful and successful I'lshing ap|ili,iuc es. Hut
the nio^t -ucce-sful man in the business for
the |),ist ten xe.'rs h.is been Mr. (',. M.
Skinner, cif Cl.iyton, who->e .^oocU are now
known all ovei' the I'nited St.ites and ('.inada.
He began to ^tnih' the art piscatorial upon the
(ireat RiMr il--elf, liasing been long a resident
of ( l.inaiio'pie, (Intario, in his earU' \otith.
lie fiuallv located .it Clavton, a place |K)s--ess-
ing some advantages not appartait to the
superficial c)bser\er, among them being a
prominent .mgling resort .ind the print.'ipal
gatew.iy for tourists coming lo the ri\er o\er
the ciiiK avenue on t'le .\merican side. \i/.:
the N. X. ('. Sv-tciu, comprising the R., \V. .V
()..ancl I.', cS,- r.. R. R. R. It is tin- distribut-
ing |>oint for those desiring to reach, by
watt r, the numerous isktnds and p.trks in its
immecliate \icinity, and. also, the fashion, ible
resort, twelve miles down the river, ol .\le\-
andria I'.av.
In this rom.mtic and f.nored vicinit\' he
servetl his ai)prenti(a'ship in fishing and ex-
perimenting with all sorts, sizes ,ind shapes of
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.iiiilK i.il l).iil-> i)l)t;iiiial)lc. lie was not content,
but strove to (tinstrurt ,i spofjn for liis own use,
whi<li slioul(J liave deciiled advanlaj^es over
any used. As a result of such effort, two
corruj^ated or tinted s|)Oons were inaile; one
being given to a t'lshing (:om[)anion, the other
lie rcLiiined for jiis own use. In numerous
practical trials, these two spoons gave satis-
factory evidence of having unconmion merit,
notably in the ca[)ture, by his wife and self,
of a niiiscalonge, measuring four feet eleven
in( lies in length and weighing forty pounds.
Mr. Skinner himself says: " I have been fre-
quently asked, what I C(jnsidered a spoon to
re|iresent, as revolving while fishing, and uhy
are I'lsh attracted by them to such an extent
that they will sei/,e them, even when unpro-
vided with any other attraction save the glint
of the cold nutal. In re])ly, I offer those of
an impiisitive turn my humble opinion that
the motion or action of a revoking lure, un-
(piestionablv simulates or means, lite — prey,
to fish, and as a natural scpience, life means
food — sustenance."
Mr. Skinner also relates the following; ".\
party from Clayton went to Hay Hay, liay of
(Juinte, to fish for muscalonge. The water in
H.iy r>.iy is not very deep where the fish .irc
caught and the weeds come very ne.ir the sur-
face. To pre\'eut the trolling-s]>oon fouling, a
gangcjf naked hooks is attached to the line some
dist.UK e ahead of the spo(Ml, which bre.iks off
or pidls up the weeds and .illows the spoon U)
go free. .Messrs. I). Pratt and Kdwiti .Sey-
mour, of Syracuse, were fishing in one boat.
Mr. Seymour, in letting out line, felt a tug
when the line was out but a few yards. 'I'urn-
ing he saw the water break where the naked
hook was and commenced to haul in, finding
he had (aught a nuiscahuige upon the n.tked
or weed-guard hook.
"One of the party trolling with two hand
lines caught a large pike uiid.ei somewhat un-
usual circumstances. The voracious fish had
ca])tured one troll and made a race for and
secured the other, having both of them se-
curely hooked in his mouth when hauled in.
" A most unusual occurrence I would like
to jiku e on record. In .August, iScSj, Miss
Annie l.ce, at th.it time eleven years of age,
while trolling near ("layton for bass, with a
No. ^ gold tinted s|)oon, which size is fitted
with ,1 Xo. 2 hook, struck ami successfully
brought to boat a muscalonge weighing
thirty-six pounds, measuring four feet six
inches in length. In the effort to secure this
luge t'lsh the guide's galf was broken, show-
ing the enormous strength ',' the fish, yet it
was finally secured, brought in and exhibited
with those slight hooks still fast in its ca|)a-
cious mouth — an evidence not only of good
tackle, but of skillful handling."
l\
rf^^ CANADA
1874
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OMIIINAI lUN
liAll
CARLTON ISLAND IN THE REVOLUTION.
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[The following ski icli (if an liisloru' spot in tlii' St.
will 1)0 lead with pliMMirc by ,ill lonrisis. It isfioinllif
of Fort Lric, Ontario. This article is in no sense ailu|
liiit contains imicli that is entirely new. J
/^ 1 1 !•', im|iort,iiue of iiuiint.iiiiiiij; :i military
^1 liii>t (111 " Isle ,iux Cliovreaiix," as it was
II. lined by the I'reiicli, variously translated by
lin<^lish traders as " Buck " or " Deer Island,"
was rceogni/.ed by (leneral Halditiiaiid itniiiedi-
ately after iiis arriv.il at (Jiiebee to assume the
office of Clovernor-( leneral. Traders lor some
years past had been in the habit of depositing
their stores at this i)lace until they could be
re-slii|)|)cd in the '" King's vessels'' for N'iai^ara,
and their b.itteaux re< eived the peltry on its
w.iy from the "I'liper Posts "" to Montre.il.
It was the great " enlre|iot " of the fitr trade
since the deciy ami eva< itation of Oswego.
In this \va\- merchandise valued at $100,000
h,id been accumulated at this place, where it
remained entirely unprotected, and exposed
to attack during the winter of 1777-8; mean-
wliile of forty or fifty traders formerly estab-
lished at ( )swego, but one remained.
In the summer of 1778, he accordingly
desjiatched ('apt. Thos. .Vulirey with a detach-
ment of the 47th Regitnent to occupy the
islanii, ai companied by I.ieiit. James (llenie
of the Royal l-'.ngineers. who had instructions
to ( onstriict a small fortification for the pro-
tection of vessels and stores. It was intended
as a general depot and base of supplies for all
the posts a',)ove. He selected a site near the
upper end of the island ( oinnianding the road-
stead used by the vessels, and a small redoubt
was traced which he called Fort Haldimand,
in lienor of the (lovernor, while the island
w IS re-named " ('arlton " after his distin-
guished predecessor.
Lawrence River, furnishes very interesting data, ami
pen of till' C^anailian Historian, fc;K.M>i Cki ikmi \nk,
ilicatioii of a previons article upon tlie same subject,
The correspondence of I'raiK is (ioring,
f.t( tor for (leorge Forsyth at Niagara, gives
stray glimpses of life on the island at this
time.
On the 1st June, 177S, .\rchibald Cunning-
ham writes to him:
"There are upwards of forty ( anoes of In-
dians on the ground at present, having come
in the otherclay. Two small parties are now
singing the war song, to go on a scouting
party to I'ort .Stanwi.x, and the remaiiuler
wait for their presents."
On the 2(1 .August, Cunningham writes, igain:
'' I.. I'arlow, sent by our (oinmand.int with
a part)- to bring off his family and elfects
from ( )swego, but on his arrival, found that
his buildings hail, .d)out fourteen days be-
fore, been burnt by the rebels, who took most
of his effects, even the handkerchief from his
lady's neck, and his son prisoner. Wt he
had the good fortune to find tk.ey had missed
his bag of jiiasters, two milch i ows, his wife
and two daughters, with which he made his
retreat to this place."
.\ubrey's letters during September, detail
the ])rogress of the works, and some weeks
late he reports having received and planted
t .eiity ap[ile trees. In December, the garrison
was alarmed by the arriv.il of Indians from
Onondaga with information that a body of
Americans from Fort Stanwix was about to
attack the island. .\ second message warned
Aubrey that the enemy intended to occupy
Oswego, but a scouting party sent to I'ort
Stanwix, returned with a prisoner who as-
r. /A7 /()\- /.s/ i\/, /x
HIE h'J:i o/.rr/ox.
293
siiifd him ili:ii tluTf w.is no truth in this
ri-pDit.
Ill May. Aiihrcy siiled tor Niagara, and
UM-, siic( ccik'd in < oininand liy (.'ajit. ( ;c()l\l;L■
M(■I )iiugall, who on thf lOth. chronicles ilic
arrival of a scouting party with six scalps,
having unhappily hccn obliged to kill two
prisoners to enable themselves to ev.ide cap-
tur(.'.
A lev/ (lays later he mentions that Hawton,
Joiinston and l.a.Mothe, otti( ers of the Indian
Department, had man hod lor lort Stanwix.
at the head of 140 warriors. A gunboat was
cmplove<l in patroling the (oasi ot' the island,
and till- garrison were engaged in gar<lening
on the "neck of land." A detachment of
Sir |()!ni Johnson's Royal Regiment of New
\'ork had arrived, the wiuks were being
sirengihened and every precaution taken
against, surprise which there was all the more
icMMiii to fear since several men had re( eiitl\
<leserlrd from the guard.
On the ,^1 June, the scouts returned with a
prisoner Ironi P'ort Sianwix.
I>;i the 10th, James ( 'lark writes to Cur
'".^^ " \\''' •'!■<■ i>'pLMledly alarmed bv the
enemy s scouts, who a \v\\ days ago took away
two men from the isl.ind not one hundred
>ards I'ron) the fort, and at ten o'clock in the
morning Tp i],e whole of last night by
alarms." .M.Dougall blamed the Indians for
the negligent watch kept by them, and threat-
ened to hold their I hiefs resi)onsible for this
misfortune. A p.irtv sent in pursuit of the
enemy returned without having overtaken
them.
About the ist of July. Captain .McDougall
w, IS superseded by .M.ijor Xairne, who brought
a strong reinforcement, h.iving on his way up
the river from .Moiitre.d, dismantled ( Iswegat-
chie and Fort William .\ugusliis, and removed
the serviceable cannon.
In September, a considerable body of
troops, consisting of detachments of the _54th
Kcgt., Hanau Jagcrs, and the Royal Regt. of
N'ew York, intended for an expedition to the
Mohawk River, w.is assend)led here under Sir
John Johnson. They were joined by two or
three hundred Indians from Canada, com-
manded by ('apt. .Mex.mder I'raser, and pro-
reeded to Oswego about the end t)f October,
but returned almost innnediately.
Capt. Fraser succeeded to the ccjinmand in
Novembe'-, having in the garrison two (om-
jianies of Ilesse-Hanaii J.igers under Count
Wittgenstein, who had refused to work on the
fortifications at l-'ort Niagara, besides detach-
ments of the 34th and New York regiments.
The winter of 1779-80 was memorable for
its severity, but s<oiits were kept out, and the
Indians |)erfornied this service cheerfully,
"thanks to Tice and the Indian ofticers,"
I'raser wrote, " but chielly to Molly lirant, who
has more inlluence than all the chiefs i)ut to-
gether ; insatiable in her demands for her own
tail' , but (hecks the demands of others."
A ship yard was established and a vessel
larger than any yet afloat on the lake was
built, and named the ( )ntario.
In the sjiring, the partisan w.irfare was re-
sumed with increased a(tivity. On the joth
April. JM-aser reported the arrival of iaeut.
Crawford from Johnstown with seventeen
prisoners, and in a few days he went out
again with three other otticers and seventy-one
Indians. lie returned about the isl of lune
with sixteen iirisoners. taken ne.ir C.majo-
harie. All parties sent (nit were accompanied
l)y white men, " distinguislied loyalists who
would be hung if caught." Thirty soldiers
deserted in a body from I'ort Stanwi.x. They
were pursued and overtaken by a jiarty of
Oneidas in the .American service. Fourteen
were killed after a desperate resistance ; the
remainder escaped and made their way to
Carlton Island, where they immediately en-
listed in Sir John Johnson's regiment. On
the 2ist and 29th June, the return of s(oiits
with scali)s is recoriled, but the commandant
is busily engaged in clearing land for farming
jiurposes.
In SeiUember. Sir John Johnson touches at
the island, when on his way to harry the Mo-
hawk Valley, and I'raser laments that he is not
allowed to accompany him on this errand of
destruction. Scouts report a deserted land,
with wheat unthreshed and Indian corn un^^
gathered.
' 1
I V.
,1 il
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Il 1
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1.1
.!
-94
A Siifl /-.V/h' i>/' I III. ST. l.A\yRl..\Ll. Kll'I.R,
A iK-I.K licil hou-'C had hccn liiiill near tlir
l)aiia(ks loi Mi^^ .\I(j11\' ( ISraiit). ami ii|m>ii
takiiij^ poisessiiin ol licr ikw home >ln.' si'i'iirhI
" Ijcttcr ^aUsTied tliaii evor Ih'Idii'."
( )ii tlic ,^otli ot N'()\ c'liihcT. Major John
Ross, of the 34th Rcs^imeiit, arrived witli 100
men and assnnud thi' <ommand. 'I'lie weather
continued nnuinally fine for a month, and llie
new commander uliii/ed it to ^tren!;lhen the
works until he was alile to write "they cannot
he stormed, and I hope never to lie Mirpri-M'd. '
On the ,^olii of January, 17.S1, ('rawl'ord
accompanied by Lieut. Arden. a youicj; sui>-
alti'rn of the .Vl'l'. went olf on a sconi to ihe
Moh.f.vk. Al'U'r the absence of nearl\ a month
tiiey relumed without a [irisoner. all the iu-
hahitanls havin;^ shut tluan-^eUes up in ihr
forts, ('rawford had made his way into one
of these. fr(jm which all the men had run away,
anil learneil from the women that there wa-,
no talk of an expediliou aLjain^t the inland.
In M,iy, the same indefatii^alile partisan \.as
the lir^t to discover thai I'orl Sianwix had
been abandcuieil, and entered the jila, e while
the barra( ks were still >mouiderin,n.
Ross relates ill at I weh e M issassaui^a Indians
leil by l)avid \an der Heyden, a ^ol(ner of
Johnson's ri'Ljimenl, met and riuiird a ]iarty
of twenly-rive mililia, killiii!.' ( 'aptain l-'Jlsworlh
and two others and in akini; three i)risoners.
In Au^u^t, ( 'rawford made another imur-
sion toihe Mohawk Ri\er, where he d;>l ro\eil
:j mill and settlement lifleen mdes below lorl
llerkii.ier, driving a inurh superior number of
militia into ilieir forl^. A s|)y named Jacob
Serv(js, who succeeded in [gaining the conli-
dence of iIk; enemy in the };uise of a deserter,
relumed about the same time with valuable
information, haviiitj; visited e\ery fori i lied jiost
in the \alley with one t'xci-ption.
Ro^s then planned a raid upon the sellle-
nuMit of I >uaneslioid', whu h he ]iroposed to
the ( iovernor lo le.ul in person. Permission
ha\inj; been seciiri'il, he sailed for ( Jswej^o on
ihe 4lh of ( )< l(jber with J50 troops and sixty
Indians, and was joined there by t'aptain
lluilerwiih 150 ran_i;ers and about 100 In-
diiiis. MinhiiiL; from ( )sweL;o on the iitli,
he made his wa\- to the Mohawk River by a
\ery ( in iiiious route, and deslroved the lloiir-
ishinn selllemeul (if Warrensboro', wlii( h had
hilherlo escaped the ra\'aL;es of war. I'ur-
siied by ( 'ol. Willell, lie was obli_i;e(l to light
lie ir Johuslown, and repulsed him. His rear
guard was again altat ked at ihe crossing of
Canad.i Creek, where Capt.iin Waller Under
w.is killed, bat otherwise escaped with slight
loss, and the fori e returned lo Carlton Isl.ind
on ihe 71I1 November. The winter passed
uiie\eiilful, the garrison being 0( cnpied in
building stockades and ilearing l.md for ( ul-
livaiion. ( )n the lilli Ajiril, 1782, Ross took
possessiuii iif ( )swego, leaving Caiitain .Ander-
son of ihe riiiriv-foiirlh in cinnmand of j-'orl
I l.ihlim.nid. and there the lei ord pr.n tii ally
ends.
THE ANGLERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.
Ol I II ia;s.
/V,t/,/,'«/-II. II. \V\KMii, Roclicsiii. N, V
l-'int till- riYiii/i'lll—W A'. HuoU M.Ni,, |ii- HiDiilllr
stici't, New York.
.\,oiiJ ri,i:l'n'yi,/,-iif^\\. K. lIiATil, V', i W'asli-
iiifftoii avenue, Hrouklxii. N. V.
.s. rcA/ri' — W. II. Tuii\ii~()\, .Mcx.iii.lii.i Hiv, N.N'
y'iY.isiiiyr — \i. I'. (;uANl, ClaylDii. .\. V.
F.\i CI 1 1\ I. Cn\i\il I I la:.
A. C. roriiwall. Alexanilria Hay. N. V.; (i II.
Siroiigli. Cl;ivl()n. N. V.; K. II. I'lilliiiaii, H.iliiMioic.
M(l.; W. T. M.isioiii, Alexandria H.iy, .N. V.: (i. 1.
Raferiv. riiishiiri:, I'.i.; F. j. .Xiiisiii'ii, RiKiicslcr,
N. N' ; K. I', Waurin.iii. OKiJcnsluiri;, N. N'.; (;. M.
Skitnui, ClayloM. \. \' : (". (i. Kmciv, .New Yoik;
I ). T. Markev, New York.
'I'm. .\I.\riKi.\i. liK.Niai IS III' I''isii Protic-
liiiN.
The sole aim of the organizers of ihe .\n-
glers' ,\ssoci.ition of the Si. Lawrence Ri\er
in 1SS5. was Ihe iireserxalion. protection
and periietiiation of game fishing in the St.
\
*^
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1
l''1''l< Isl.Wll 1 liwri l|nl,|., NKAU I ISM
r,U S I.ANMlINc;
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rill. A.W'.I.I.RS ASSOCIA I IO.\ OF I III: M. J.A URhXt I: AV/'AA'.
^<jr
%
l,:i\\ icnci' KuiT. I'lohibly
nu oiif ot the |iersons lu live
in its nrjj;ani/.ati()n liad any
otIiL-r idf.i in \iew; Init tlio\
buiiilud Ijittcr llian ilicy
knew.
At liio time, niatters f)n
the St. Lawrence Kivei
were at a stand-still; there
were very lew persuns iininj^
tiiere for the sake of the
I'lsliin^, for the siniple re.u
soii tliat, owinj; tu the ac-
tivity of tile netlers, it had
been almost destruved lliil
a small number of the is-
lands had < ()ttai;es biiil'
upon them. 'I'here wtue a
few people who passed
down the river on lourists'
tickets from Nia^.ir.i I'alls
to Montreal, but there were
no inducements for them to
stop over on the way. Some
of the aiii^iers wlio had re-
sorted to ti)e river for many
years lor llsliinj; still con-
tinued their yearlv \isiis.
'I'he orf^aniz.ition of the
.•\ni;lers' .Xssoci.ition cre-
ated a sort of e\( itnient in
refereiK c to the iiossibililies
to be accomplished by it,
so that its members lived
for two or three years upon
faith, believinj^ that the
iffortsof the .\ssO( iaiion in
ridilinn the river of netters,
would Very soon ha\e its
elTe( t in much better lisli-
\n'^. Its members continued
to visit the ri\er \ear after
year, and t'> induce their
friends to do the same. The
results of tiie exertions of
the .'Xni^lers' .Association are
now known to every one
who is interested, and its
efforts have been attended
! I
III iiui>aii\
|inliriil^
Mrsr\T.o\r,F.
CM .,in 1'^ J.wn ~ II. MWMN'.. Ill \m;anv. n. v.,
I liper li;i\'. si. (..nMeiue l<i\cr. on Moiulitv. Au^usi ji, i^.s--.
l.uiiKlh, 4 fuel ami >' iialics. (iirtli, i^'i; jikIius. Spreail hi Uil
W.-iL'lll.
1 luol.
i
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I
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11
f:
198
.■/ sD/i /■:.\7/\' ('/■ ////■; .v/'. /. /;/A7. \(7. u/r/.u.
witli so giLMi success that it is now |)ossil)ic,
aiul lias i)ccn tor liic last three years, for
any angler to i)i)tain ail the game fish he
ilesires. The object of the orgini/alion of
the Assoi iatioii has lluis been effected in i>art
by increasing the siipiily of game fish in the
river, and in part by ridding the riser of the
fish |)irates. Its efforts in preventing net fish-
ing will not be at all ^hn kened, but uill, f)ii
the contrary, be in( reaseil.
The material benefits which h ive<(Mne from
the efforts of the Anglers' Association of the
Si. Lawrence River have been entirely unex-
pected, but they are, however, no less wel-
<()me. As an objei t lesson which should be
carefully read, marked and inwardly digested,
tile following facts are given, showing the
material benelits whii h liase come to Jeffer-
son county from the orgaiii/.ilion of the An-
glers' Association of the St. Lawrence Ri\er.
Jefferson county, the count)' l>ing along the
St. Lawrence River from Cape X'inceiit to a
point fifteen inile^ below Alexandria I'.ay, io\-
ering a distam e of over |ort\ miles, cmbrai ing
the celebrated Tliousand Islands, is natuially
one of the most attractive regions in the
country for the tourist and sportsman. Its
e\i|uisite river scenery, ils banks and islands
and ils delighlful .lir, leave nothing to be de-
sired, if the fishing is good.
There were in 1.S94 about 600 persons eni-
|iloyed as oarsmen on the river; in 1SS5 there
were perh.ips a hundred. In 1S94 there were
about 250 employed in connection with steam
and other boats ; in iiS8_5 there may have been
thirty. 'I'here were last summer forty hotels,
capable of accommodating 5,000 people. Six
years ago the hotels could accommotlale
scarcely a thousand liesides these there are
now thirty boarding-houses, with a cai)a<ity
of 500 guests ; there are between 600 and 700
cottages used exclusively by summer residents.
!■ rom 5>;i,ooo,ooo lo ?'i,.'5o,ooo were s])ent on
the river List sumuur by tourists, exi liisive of
railro.id fines. .\ l.irge and increasing lni-<i-
ness li.is also grown up in building ste.im
\a( Ills and the ( I'hbr.ited St. 1 , iwrem e skilfs.
Here, then, is a \-erit.ible gold mine lying
at the feet of jrlfersoii countv, bv whii li e\ery
resident of the < ciunt\- is benefited either b\' a
redni lion in his taxes, bv being gixen emplo\-
mmt, or in his bu^illes^. The population of
|rlf(TMUi county is 60,000, rver\' one iif whom
is (onstantly being beiielited bv the .\nglers'
.Association. That is om- side of the i|ueslion.
'I'lie other i^ this: there were during the Hel-
ling season of iSSS about sixl\ o|- sc\enty
persons engaged in ilk'gal net fishing w iihin
the limils of the loiinU', and of this nuinber
liKUe th.in olU'-h.ill were non-residi'iits. When
it is borne in iiiintl that these net fislurs do
not make nearly as much if allowed '.o ( arr\'
on their iiclting as ordinar\- farm woikers, it
uill at oiii e be apparent that Jellerson counl\-
( ould, as a business speculation, al'ford to liire
and pay them a fair s.ilarx to remain peifectK
idle, and to ]iensioii them in their nld age.
rile tot.il tax assessed against the town ol'
.Mexandria (the leiitial jioint on the ri\ei)
was ,'^10,906.97, of which ,■«;.>, 55 I .jS was |iaid
by summer projierty holders. In other words,
iiearU- 22 per cent, of the taxes of the town
ol .Mexandria was jiaid by suinmer ]iro|ierty
owners. The assessed value of summer hotels
and island property in the town of .Alexandria
in iS.SS was ,-;|iJ56,ooo, the basis of assi'ssnienl
being one-third of the actual value, while tiie
t(jtal amount .assessed was ,'«;i ,2 18.0^9.
The organi/.ition of I'lsh protei lion associa-
tions ac(:om|)lishes three distim t things, pro-
tects the lisli, furnishes the people with cliea|i
fish food, and last, but not least, is of en-
f)rmoiis material beiielil to the surrounding
country.
/■///. I'IIA.\ li)M Ml. WOW.
299
THE PHANTOM MINNOW,
l:V .1. \l. ( I.AKK.
i
I \ Older to m:iki- liail-rnsliii^ .111 incK-|,un(lini
I sjHjrl and to plac- it side i.y side uitli ih,.
i)caiitilul and llioniii^lily scientific ait o| llv-
(Msting. the lisiieinian sliould recoj^ni/e very
miny arlifi( iai allures and iin|.ro\ised l.ail's
that < an ol'ieii i)e elTednaJiy used when indulg-
\\v^ in the lascinaliny paslinie. The I'jiantom
niiniaiw is a takinj^ allure for the salmon,
iHdi.k trout and Mac k l.ass. toudlicr with all
members of the pike family. lis ori-in dates
l)a<k at^es and aj,'es before tlu' advent of mod-
ern bait castiiii,', and as it has maintained a
re|. Illation thnjii-h all thf,e years, we ( ertainly
can look upon it as a snccesMul allure. I'.ut
ill order to make il a desirable bait to use in
this sport, the consiru( tion should be some-
what moderni/ed. In this sport the line silk
hue becomes a very prominent factf)r, and the
j^reat aim of the fisherman should be to keep
the line in a perfe( I ( (indition for casting the
bait, and as the threat effectiveness of this al-
lure — same as the trollini^-spoon — lays in the
fact of its i)erfect spinning <pialities, this very
important feature in the construction should
be most faithfully carried out l)y supplying it
with ample swivel accoinmochition. that will
make it a perfect spinner beyoml all manner
of doubt, so it will not twist or kink the cast-
ing line. '|"he original i)hantom is provided
with three gangs of treble hooks, and many
sportsmen who fully recognize the wonderful
killing properties of this allure take exceptions
to this feature of the construction, and right-
fully object to it as a scientific angler's bait, on
the ground of its giving the fish no show
whatever. However, this again speaks well
for the merits of the Phantom, and if we can
smooth over this unfavorable feature in the
construction, it will be admitted a jiractical
bait has been secured. This can be accomp-
lished by reducing the number of hooks and
yet not harm the minnow a particle when used
in connection with the scientific methods em-
Jiloyed by the modern bait caster.
As a bait lor the black i)ass, and parti( ularly
the large-inoiiih species, the meadow or grass
Hog is decidedly the par excellence of baits,
and if the smaller sjieciinen of this frog be
used, \W- distinction between the large and
sm.dl-niniiih bass ( annot he considered when
re( (.mmending this allure. In fact, some of
the l.irg.'st cat.hes of the small mouth bass
ever made were taken with the small meadow
frog when using it as a cas< g bait. How-
ever, it is sometimes diiTicult to obiain the
frog even if the fisherman be convinced it is
the best allure for the occasion, and if its pro-
totyjie can be supjilied in the fi>rm of the
luminous ariifi( ial frog, the fisherman and bait-
caster has decidedly scored another point in
the shape of an independent allure.
One reason why the use of artific ial allures
and improvised baits are freipiently con-
demned is owing to the fact of their not being
proj.erly worked, and the iiait-caster should
study this important feature very carefully,
and aim to infuse a life-like motion to the al-
lure. This being the case, a chapter of inter-
est is added to the sport of angling, as the
fisherman who is a skillful manipulator of
artificial and improvised baits, and who makes
a positive success f)f their use, will take more
pleasure and pastime in the art of modern
bait-casting than will the individual who fol-
lows out a positive rule of using only the live
minnow or the natural frog, as skill is added
to skill when inanimate baits are introduced
and made successful in this sport.
In further following out our design tn shed
some slight light upon the methods jjursued
by experienced fishermen, we insert the fol-
lowing well-written remarks upon "Minnow-
Casting for niack Jiass," by Dr. James A.
Ilenshall, in "Clark's Anglers' (iuide : "
^
\nc
.J .SVT/V \7A' ('/• /•//,'■ >•/■ / .1 II /,•/ \ir AV/VAV
i, 1
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" I lie rt" arc v.iiioiis \v,i\ •. .iii'l iin .ms ni .iii>;liiiy,
r.ic li 111 wliii li IS s.iijsl.ii lui \ iM lis |i.iilirul.ii |ira(li-
iHiricis .ici iM'liij;; In ihc li|;lil .iikI i X|iii icim i llifv
li.ivr li.iil. .AikI ilirsi' v%mvs .mil imaiis .111 as ilivirsi'
as lliDsf III oilii'i |piitsiiils or plcasiins. Km llir «a\
III iililani llii' iii.iMiiiiiiii .iiiiniiiii .i( riiiii\ nil m m .my
IIIcIIiikI, III W.IV nl .muling, imislsl'. in llir u^r i,t
Still.lllll' MIC. Ills l<< lll.ll Cllll.
" Fly tisliiii;; r.iiinul lir s.ilisf.nlorllv |ii,iriiccil wllli
a li.iil mil .mil ,1 iiiiilli{>lyliiL,' nil, nm cm bail lisli
in^ lie Slli;ccss(l|||v |llllsl|ril Willi .1 ll\ Iml. I 111 k 111 I
ami cii.iiiicli'il Ijiir ; ami wliilr it Is iiiii' ih.ii li-h 1 .111
111- i'.i|ilmii| ill I iiliii w.iy, il I'. Mil less Hue lll.ll lliry
can .ilsii In' l.iki II Willi llic s|,r.ii ,ii III I
" ('i)lililli; .11 nine In lllc c.iiillnll nl llii-. .illirlc,
MlillMilW-e.lSllll:; fill lll.ll k li.iss 1 .111 ollls lir lllllv I'll-
jnycil liv llic use nf siii|.il,|e (aclje. .\ 111 1 \e.iis nf
|i.ilieiil am! r\li.iii-ln c e\|ii iniieiils I ileiin nisli.ili d.
In iiiv iiwii iiiitnl. lll.ll llie Ii'.ii'-I siiilalile in.l fni .ill
Ihe I \iL;inries nf 111 iiiiinw I'asi iiiir s|i,,|i|i| |ji eii;lil
feel lliici' inches In linylli ami ei^jlil mimes in
weiylii. anil nf ,1 ileyri e nf Ilex iliiliiy ami rcsilieiny
lll.ll wniilil .nliiiii nf linih I .isiinu llie niinnnw ami nf
|il.i\ini; llie li,i-s win n ImnkeiJ. Tins wniilil. in
-linii. nie.m .1 mil lli.il in pILiin'v wmiM cmne ln-
Iwecii ,1 liniil liail-inil .111(1 .1 linnl lly-ind. Tills Idea
is now lia|i|)ily Impressed in ilio lleiisliall milsnf ilie
I e-l in.ikers. will) iniifniiii lo llio speeiricaliniis fiir-
iii^lieil. Snine makers, by very caicfnl selei linn nf
nialeii.ils .iiiil excellini'C nf rniisli inllnn. r.ni lidnre
llie weiulil In seven niim 1^ in --iilil baiulmn. I liis
n.iliiially im'li .e-eS llle 1 nSI nf llle mil, lull In lllnse
will) cm alinul il. il Is money well s|ienl.
" While a siill rnd will, in snine liainls, cis| a mill-
nn»v .IS fai, nr f.irlhei. ill. in a nime |ili.il)li mie. il is
iini -n well ail.iplPil lor playiiii; a li-.li. nr In i|iiiiiiii-li
llie .-Ir.iin oil line or le.nler as ihe lallei ami .1 mil
llial is Inn williv or ItcNihle does nnl cis| well iini
Hlvc llle aiii;ler iiunli cnniiiiand over llii lish. Il is
liclweeii lliese cxlreines, llien. lli.il nne shiuilil
rlii)i)..e.
" 111 iniilliplviiig lecK for niiiinow-casiinjf ihe best
is ihe chc.ipesi, as llic best is the iiinsi siiiiable; niic
lll.ll inns Willi llie least friction, and is so riiiely ad-
jii--lcd as In admit of llie leasl amuiinl of losi mniinii,
is the one In use if llie angler's purse will justify ihc
expciisi', for il will rnsi as iiiucli as a ;ronil walcli.
Such a reel, with careful use. is liic.ip In the end, fnr
it will answer as Innj; as ihe angler is capable of lisli-
iiiLr. ami will do K'>'>i1 service iiiilo llie secniid and
lliird jjeneralion.
"Till' line should be of silk, lirnily and closely
bi.iided.nol larger than si/eti.and preferably of si/e
II. It slinuld be iiiilher oiled nor enameled. \
line of tills cliaracler will clln^r 10 the reel in uniform
coils, will not absorb niucli water, and will cast
alinosl as well wel .is when drv. Willi a pll.ible rnd
the II line is slroiij; enough for any black bass that
swim-., .iml i~ ii'l.iinly ilu In -.1 Im i.i-linu, ami
niciipii- li-^ ^p.ii 1- nil llie nil lliaii nne nl l.ui'ei
si/e.
" .\s In linnks, ihe Spln.il is bes| willl llle
o'.Shaiijjhiii ssy a n I semml. As .1 mle isi
annlci" use ion l.iiue honks m b.m li»)iiii^ nu black
b.iss, Ml. my illi;ilnym;{ -l/r\ .i-, l.liyr .is in, 'liii'
iiumber J Spmal i^ l.irne 1 iii)ii;;li. .ml even sm.ijlii
si/cs iii.iy bo Used, .mil will be finiiiil much le
s.ilisf.iiinry .ifler .1 lii.il by llinse .icciisiomed In l.iiHir
hnnks. The sinallei the hook llie b ss iiijiiiinU'- In
I In live inmiinw; .mil sn f.ir .is surn^iji is coiirei m d
a iiumbei I Spio.ii will kill .1 lliiiiv pniind -.ilinmi.
linnks shiillld be lied In sili^'le mil, .lliv.iys, m
ininnnw-cisiinjr,
"Isii.illy I'll sinker is nipilied bevnml .1 small
bl.ISS sUImI. In willl h IS In jii .illixrd lie slliil .11
line end .iiid llle reel line .i| llie nllni. iin b iili 1
III lilt; iisi (I. If .1 sinki 1 is fiiuiid iiei 1 s-.ii\ m keep
llie ininiinu brm .iih llie snii.iceof ihe w.iiei.only
the sin.illesi sl/e shniild be 1 niplnyed, .mil shmilil be
all.ii lied frnin six in twelve Inches above ihe swivel.
" In sn liiiii .111 .iilicle ,|s ihis II wniild be useless
In (ull\ desnibe llie mellin.l nf 1 .isiiii" ihe iniimnw,
.mil, iimreovei. llie ' inodu- npi i.inili ' Is pii llv well
iindeisionil .it llils il.n . The ulmle s( 1 u | ins in
' ihuiiibiiij; ' llie spnnl nf ihe II li ill sill II a m.mni r
llial iiisl the ilulil picssuie Is ni.iiiilalned In allnw of
the flee iiinniiii; of the line, and .il llie s.ime lime In
picvent lis nvci-i iiiinlni,' nr b.u kd.islilny , Wlieii
lliis cm be ilniic 11 is niil\ a ipiesiinn III pi.iclice as
In llir lellj:lll nl llle r.lsl. 'I he biHlnnel sunul.l be
s.ilislied willl veiy slinri c.isis, sav Iweiilv feel, and
use bill llllle foice in the cllnrl. The 1 nilcivm
slinuld lie 10 cisl ihe llliuilnw .is diiii .ilclv .|s pnssl-
ble. .ind In prniluie ,is liiile spl.isliiiiL; iipnn i|s .iliylil-
Iiil; nil ihi w.iiei as may be, lalliei lli.m In make
Iniiir. n iis\ c.isis.
■ Whelher wadliij; llic slieani. nr lishiin; fmni a
bnat or llie b.mk.llie angler should make fiei|ueiii
c.isis over llle likeliesi spois. allnwini,' the miiinnw
In sink In iiiid-w.uer. beiweeii the bnlloin and llic
surface, and If the mliinow is not vei\ lively, in reel
llie line slnwly. In nidei lo keep II ill iiinlinii. If
llicre is 111) response within lifticn mi omls, a new
c.ist slioiil.l be made, the inlunovv bi ini; leiied in
slowiv. and llic md. ine.inwiiile, i;l\iiiL; il a /iy-/.iy
motinii In siiiiiil.ile somewiial llie naiiiial iiinlions of
a free minnow — it bt iiii; premised ilial llic b.iil Is
honked lliioiii;h llle lips. These diiccllnns apply In
pnnls. or rather deep water near and over shoals,
rocks, elc; bill wdieii lishlnj; lilllcs or shallow falls,
the miniinw should be kept nil the surface, no sinker
belli}; used.
" In llle usual hshinif seasons it is useless lo lish
waters of any jircat depth, say of more than iwtlvc
or lifleen feci. .\t other linns, when Ihe bass are
near their winter i|iiarters, or during excessive heals
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THE SrORTSM.WS SOXo.
303
of siimimi. ility ate Iniind in d'(|)cr walir -- l.nit I
iiiiiijiiiic lli.il no iiiiL angler carfs to lisli for iIkmij
umiui ilicse riKaimslaiicus.
••■|"li.- Iiait shoul.l not be 100 lai<;c: iiiirinou-s from
ivvoand a half to tliicc iticlu'S in lun-ll, arc afmni
liulil for liirht tackle. If one is lishinj, for pike or
pickeicl, larjjir bails may he nsecl, as ilic i,i< u., vill
likely Ijc heavier, and the liooks larger and lied to
«iinp l.nt this is not hlack-bass tishinK. It shonld
be the aim of every black-bass angler to elevate and
advance the art by enipioving light, elegant and
suitable tools, tackle and appliances, and, in fact, to
place it upon an erp.al plane with brook-trout fishing
as practiced in Canada, Maine and the Lake Superior
region. .\s to Catskill rods and the tiny trout
streams. ' that,' as Kipling says, 'is another story."'
THE SPORTSMAN'S SONG.
l;V MAI KICK IIIOMI'siiN.
Ho! for ihe marshes, green with spring,
Where the bitterns croak and the plovers pipe.
Where the Maunt old heron spre.ids hi^■ wing
Above the haunt of the rail and snipe;
For my gun is clean and my roil's in trim
And the old, wild longing is roused in nie-
llo: for the bass-pools cool and dim—
llo! lor the swales of the Kankakee
Is there other joy like the joy of a man
Free for a season with rod and gun.
With the sun to tan and the winds to f.in,
And the waters to lull, and never a one
Of the cares of life to follow him,
Or to shadow his mind while he wanders free ?
Hoi for the currents slow and dim!
Ilo' for the fens of the Kankakee!
A hut by the river, a light canoe,
My rod and my gun, and a sennight fair—
A wind from the south and the wild fowl due —
He mine! Alls well' Comes never a rare!
A strain of the savage (ires my blood,
And the ,(est of friedom is keen in me;
Ilo! for the marsh ;ind Ihe lilied Hood!
Ilo! for the tarns of the Kankakee'
(iive me to stand wheie the swift cm rents rush,
With my rod all astiain and a bass coming in.
Orgive me the marsh, with the blown snipe alliish.
And my gun's sudden il.ishes and resonant din
For I'm tired of .he desk ami lired of the town.
And I long to he out. and I long to be free.
Ilo! for the marsh! with the birds whirling down!
Ilo! for the pools of the Kankakee!
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CANANOQIK PASr AM) PRESENT.
/^P ill', |ili 1^,111 1 \ ill iL;r (M > '..iii.iiii 11 |ii,, u ith .1
I |ii iiiuLiI lull cii .il.iMii Idiir lliciii-., 111(1 >,iiiN,
silu.iud (111 llif iiiUlll nIkhi' (iI tile St. i,.iu-
IX'IK I', (il'IMi^iu- ('l.iMdii. and .It the (iiithl (il
( ;,in,iiH)ini(. I\i\ ii. Is ,1 iij.ii I' (if 111) --111. ill iiu-
|iiirl,iii( I' ,1-' ,1 iii.iniila( till iiii; (•L'nt(.r. It li.i^
an i'\( (.■Uciit Water ikiwci, a;.;i;rt'i;alinL; many
himdu'ds (il iKHso-piiu if, mill h i no re i it u lii( li
iiiij;ht 1)1.' iitili/cd lor iiiamita( turiiii; |iur]n)scs.
As a place ot Miiiiiiier resort, rl |>os-.esM'>
eve]iti()nal ad\aiitaj;es ill the u.i\' ol Im alitv.
Il> |ii)-i!inii at the foot ot' tlie " Adiuiralt)
Ciriia])" of islands, in \\iii(li is " llost ui( k
( 'li.iniU'l,'' tiie finest in many r(.s]iei is of iiiy
of the island ( !ianiu-ls in the ri\er (tlie entire
uroii]) hiiiii; made up of islands in themselves
e\i ee(linL;U pi( tiiresipu), is, in ils eiitirctv,
one of ^reat lieaniy and attiaa liveiiess. Al-
ready ( olla-cs are ere( ted on mam ol' the
islands, and as the i;real desirahleness ot the
li)( ality lie( limes lietler kiioun, the nui.ilu r of
these < aniiol f.iil to iiu rease; and still iiiori'
so, if the present \ery iiniust .iiid im (insistent
poli( y of the Ottawa government slmul,! In.
modilied, as, indeed, it should lie for the
heiielil of the village of ( lanaiioipie ilselt'.
The ninie " ( 1 iiianoipie " is evii ntlv of
Indian ori;,;in; but which of two Indi.m names
as t'lrst .ipplied to the hx.dilv is to he consid-
ered as liaviiij; uiven rise to the present :i,im(.'.
is ,1 matter of some doiilit. 'I'he oii,;iiial or-
thoj^r.ipliv o the word was ' ( adanoi v liipia,"
meaning the '" I'lai e of llealtli." or what vv.is
evideiitlv .1 sv iionv iiiotis phrase " Ko( ks-Seeti-
l iider- kiiiinin;,;-\\'ater," both of wlii(h are
des( riptive of the locality, so f,ir as iihvsi( al
( Duditioiis ,111(1 ,1 n.itural I'act .ire ( oik eriied.
On the other h.iiid, the llurons (.died the
pl.ii e " ( ian.iiioipii," \vlii( h tne.ins "'I'he
I'laceiil the lleer." Another tiilie Ir.uislates
tlieir term to nie.m "A me.idow- risin;^ out of
liie waters," so til, it the re, d sduri e from whi(li
tlie pies(.ait ii.ime is derived is .i matter of
-mile doulil. He tli.it .is it mav, the .Missis-
saiiu.i n.iiiie " ( ',i(i.iiioryli(iu,i '' vv.is for several
ve,iis ri't. lined in ol,','i.il documents, .md it
w.is not until .ifter the \e.ir i ,Soo that the
n.ime " ( 'i.m.moipie " ( .inie into use. .\t the
time of the survey of Leeds, the n.iine of
the ( 'i.in.in(i(( le River was chanued to " 'I'lie
'I'll, lines," 1)111 it never was nenerallv used; in
t,i( t It oiilv ,ippe,irs in a |iro( l.tm.ition of I .ord
|tor(lu-iir (,-sir (liiy Carlton) while for the
siMond time ( iovernor-t'ieneral of C.inad.i, in
I7,SS.
I'rom the varietv .111(1 extent of its I laiui-
l,i(tuiin- iiitertsts, ( ;.in,ino(|ue lias been, not
iu.ipilv, n.imed the I)irminj;h,im of ('an.ida,
.aid .Is ,1 sittlemenl li.is now entered upon
tliL.-econd ( eiitury of its cvisteiu e. ,\ brief
skel( h ol ils e.uly settlement m.iv be of some
ink rest to the nencr.il re.ider. .md is theret'orc
siilijoined. Two men. Sir John Johnson, .in
offn er of the ilritish army during the W'.ir of
the kev (ilulioii, .It which time he ( (imm.inded
.111 oruani/.ition of lovalists pojiuhirlv known
as "Johnson's Royal (Ireens," and Colonel
Joel Stone, were the I'irst to re( eive grants of
1,111.1 whu h ( (ivered the entire limits of the
vill.ige, .111(1 more, .is it now stands. ( )f tluse
two, ( 'ol. Stoiu was the first settler, coming
up the river trom Cornw.ill in the siitmiK r ol
\'<)2. t. iking p.issage in a b.itteau wlii(li was
bound to Kingston. These gr.ints of lind
were m.ide in 17(>J, and the ii.itent to Col.
Stone was issiUMl December 51, 17(^8, .iiul
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(■(jvers "A i crtain tti;in,L;ul.:ir tract hikjii tlic
kivi-r (,'a(l;mur)lii|iKi," etc., wliicli was Im atcd
oil llic west side of tlic ii\cr. Sir Juim Joiin-
sun's tract was located on the east side ot tiie
river, hut iiis |)ateiit was not issued until May
17, iSoj. Ivtcl) grant extended tcj 'lie 1 enter
of the (lananoi|iie River, then known l)y its
Indian name as above.
(!ol. Stijne's ]iatent was (oniputod to con-
tain 700 acres of hind, to whitii were added,
later, two additional patents of 200 acres each,
making in all 1,100 acres; wliile ('<ji. John-
son's grant covered 1,5,54 ai res. At the time
of (!ol. Stone's arrival, a h'renclnnan, n.uni'd
Carev, livetl on 'I'idd's Isi.ind, now I'renioni
I'.uk, with whom he fcjrmed a temporary part-
nersliip, erecting a shanty on the mainland, on
tile point iKjw 01 ( ujiied ii\- a lumber vard.
H.iviiig secured a couple of cows, their sliantv
w,is opened as a house of entertainment, being
the first tavern for many miles ahnig the Cana-
dian shore of the St. Lawrenie. l)iiringtlie
absence of the pro|)rietors one day, the hotel
biirnotl and the partnership ended, e:i( h of
them entering into business tor himself. Mr.
.Stone ])roceeded to clear a plot of land on
wh.it is know King street, on wliii h he erected
a log-house, it being, with the exception of
the sli.inty above spoken of, the first house
erected in (iananoipie. His next enterprise
was the building of a schooner of forty tons
measurement, 1 ailed the "l.ei'ils Trader,"
which ran on the lake and ri\er lor many
years, Tlien he built ,1 s.iw-mill, whi( h stuod
on the site of the present l-'dei tri< Light C'om-
panv's building; following that with a frame
house of two stc)ries in heiglit. fastened with
wrought nails brought from l'',ngl.ind. It w.is
erected in i7</i, and for half a century it
was known as the " Red House," h.iving been
painted that color. 'I'his was built on the
point near where the iipjier end of the lumber
yaril wh.irf is now. Where the steel and w ire
shop now is, Mr. Stone built another Irame
house, known as the " N'ellow House," ,ind
which becr.me his residence, after his
marri.ige to .Mrs. D.ivton. Later, he l)uilt a
long, low frame house with a \erand.i along
its entire front, just west of the " West End
Store." which he in.ide his residence as long
as he lived. The building was binned only
thirteen years ago, and the lot where it stood
is yet \ac,int. In 1852, the late John llulger
toredoun the '' Red House," and the fr.uiie
was re-erecied on (larden street. It is the
house now occupied liy Mr. I.mies Jle.iltw
I'he " \'ellow llouse " was bunud in 1S50.
Col. Stone was evidently a m.in of great
energy, and was unceasing in his efforts to im-
prove his holdings, kee[iing ,ill the lime ,m
eye to tlie '' main chance, " as did his ances-
tors, and as he himself had been trained todo
in the sc-hool ot actual business. His pruci-
dure w.is in direct eonlr.ist with th.it if Sir
lulin Johnson, who p.iid no attention wliat-
e\er to his estate, only ihroiigh .111 agent; in
tail, it is aipiestion whether he e\er\isited
his possessions in pcTson, so that to ( 'ol. Stone
belongs all llie hniKJis of ,1 fust Settler: and
hence a brief biogr.ipliii ,il sketch mav pro\e
interesting.
Joel Stone was born in (luilford, Connecti-
cut, .\iigiist 7, i7(<7. lietore he was two
years of age, his f.itlier removed to Litchfield,
where, " by indef.itigable l.ibor and industry,
he im])roved a competency of Kind of uliic h
he w.is proprieto,-." During his minority,
Joel laborec' on tile " conipetency," but when
he became ot age, he adopted a more active
;us
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iiiMilr lit' life, ami liriMiiK' a iravillinn mii-
(lianl; nr, in llir m.i iiai iilar of llmsr ila_\sa
" \'aiilsrr |ic,lillri." W'illiin ihrt'L' yrais lu-
tr.uclliMl ii\iT \ci\ inMiiy tlu' wlioK' u\ llic
llu'ii -M'tlU'il pcpi iu)n> lit \\\v ( iiimlrv. return-
iiiL; uiili a 1ii'l;i' aniniiiit nt' ]iiii|nrt\. In
1771. Ik- rnliTi'il Hitii a nua t ant i Jo imiIikt-
■>Ili|) wllll J.ll.iV llariill. Ill \\'nii(llilll\-, ('(Hill.,
tlicii an ulc-. Ill ( ii|.at liui>lii|i liiii(lin;j, tin in
till >i\ \ (• 11^ a^ 1 ii|iartiuis in " Mm liandi/iiii;
aiiil all tliiii^-> thcrttii iKJiinuinu; anilinliii\-
in.;, SI lliiiL;. \>.iii!inu and rutailmu all MUts nt
UKiiiU. wairs and i (iiriniiiiliiu's u IkUmk \ ci."
'I'licso aiiii Ics 111' I ii|iariiu r^lii|i ,iic \i:l in t-s-
i-ilcni r. This |i irliiLaslii|, ilmii islird. and tlic
paitiiLTs lui anic ua-altlu: luit tlir Inrakini;
out ol' llir Kivuliiiiiinaiy War viidrd llic
paitiiri >lii|i and one ol iIk'Iii a-suiiied the
ha/ iiiU and ulmifs i,\ a iiiililai\' lilc.
Ml. Slniii' atlrlii|iU-d Im a tililrtii Irliiain
luiilral and trade uitli Imtii |iartii's, iIkuihIi
lii-. >\iii|ialli\ uas willi tlir l<o\ alibis. llui In-
was siMiii olili^cd liiddlarc liinisell lor one
•ide iir the other. i'n rein.iin iieiilr.il, was to
li ■ siispec led \<y I'lilii. and in 177'! he w.is
|ierelii|itorilv 111 deled liVthe 1 it'lii ials 1 it ('ull-
Ule^s to del 1,11 e ininiedi.iteK u hether he u oiild
t ike ii|i ,11111s ,i^aiiisi ilie r,iiii>li l;ii\ einnieiit,
or turnisli ,1 sulisiiinie. lie lel'iised to do
eitlni; .ind heinu \v, lined lleit lie would he
I ,llled In ,1 sliii I ,h I oiinl, he tied hliniedh to
N'evv \'oik. uhii h u as ilun liild lis the liiilish
lories, ,ind whiih ln' le.nhed in s,ifetv; ,ind
on the j>jth ol' June. 1777, he W.IS I nrolli d in
(io\ernoi' W'eiii worili's 1 1 Jinni.md, li\ ,1 i oiu-
inission d.lled .\jiiil Id. 177S. lie 111 illited
liltvfoiir men or more for two viMrs' sei\iie,
uii.lir I omm and o| Sir Willi, iin Ilowe. lie
Weill on this iiii~siijii to 1 1 untiii_i;liin, I.oiiu;
I~l.ini!, where he was surprised while asleep
.ind taken |irisoner, .Ma\ ij. 1 7 7S, li\- a coin-
|i.in\ (it wh,ilelio,il men, and coiueved to
rairli'ld, ('onne( IK lit. I ie w ,is held in < lose
( usioih .nid 1 h irued wiih hii;h tre.ison. I!ut
he m,in,lL;eiI to es( .qie on the 2]i\ ol JiiK. ,ilid
.1 week IiterwMs link on I.oiil; Iskiiul.
In the meantinie, ihe srlei tnien, tin' (du-
st. 1 hies, li,ii lilt's, ,ind the I oil I ts 1 i|('(iniie( ti< lit
li\ .Mr. Stone wluri he iK d to N'ew \'oik. llv
due iiKKX'ss (if law, as it then ohl, lined, hi-,
re.il and jicrsonal estate w.is ( ()nlis( ,ited, .ind
the iiroeeeds, alter deiliM tin,i,' costs, were leii-
deled for luUelit of the Si. He, Not ollU did
iIk' ni.iL;isli.ites and ('iniiit\ ('ouil .idjiidii .ite
111 the 111. liter and issue evecutions, Ian the
I'ldli.ile Court was ,ilso < .ilkd into (i|ier.ilioii,
,is de.ilm.L; with the effei Is ol' one who w.is de-
si rilied ill the iinentory ,is " {Hi|iii( .illy de.id. "
The |ierson.il |irii]ii rl\' tliii^ esi In .iled .i|i]ie.iis
1>\ the reliirns to li.ive .iinounted to _/,' |(; 1 : (1: (^,
".It the r.ite of tw eiit \-eiL;lil shilliiejs foi' .111
l-'.nuhsli j;iiiiii,i, or six shillings f.ir .1 S|i,inisii
milled doll.ir." The re.il est.iiew.is .ippi .list ,1
Ulid'r 0,1th .It ,{ i.sl- l.r '• ' 'I'e |iiei e of
1.111(1, in wliii h Mr. .•sloin- h id ,1 (iiie-h.ill inli i-
(st. in the tiiwnslii[i of W iii(he-.|er, w is iiol
iin hided, for the iiMson. |ir(i|i,dih, lli,it his
IHir^in Is hid no knowledge ol' il, .\( 1 ordiiiL;
10 .\li. .Spine's own st.iteim nt. the firm of
11 noil iV Sioiie h.id .1 ( .ipii.il ol' y,' I j,( ( .'J sler-
liii,u in siiM k; .ind th.il in ,iii(litioii In his sji.ire
(it til, It, his hooks, lioiids ,ind ,ill his |ieiscai,il
ellt 1 Is w ere ( oiitisi .ii((|.
Ihiriiii; his re-i(l( ik e in Ni w \oik, .Mr.
.■sloiie toinied .111 ,i( i|ii.iiiil,iin .■ w il!i the l.imiU
ol Willi, nil .Moore, .i se.i 1 ,i|ii.iin, .ind on the
J jd of .M.iiih. i7'-^i--. he w,is m.iiried 111 l.(,ili
Moore, the (,i|il, Mil's (l,Mi^lil(i. Tlie ni,il-
ii.iL;e ( eremoiu' w ,is ( elehr.ited |i\ Isi w ( 'h,irl( s
ln;.^lis, who W.IS iin 11 n ( tor ol I'linitv ( Iiuk h,
.\(W \'(irk.
In .nldltioll to his iieiisiiiii. Ml. .S|oiic, ni
I oiiinion with .ill wlio li.nl seisid llie Kin^ in
the l\e\ ohil lon.ii y W.ir, w.is (iililleil lo ,1
;;iaiit ol kind. .Xnd .liter his .iriiv.il .il (Jin-
hei , he ( llde.lS OK (I li\ ini|lliries .1111! |ie|s()iial
iii\ eslii^.ilion to ,i-( ert.iiu wh.it would he the
iniisl siiil,ilile lo( ,ility.
Mr. Sloiie siitled in ('oinw.ill with his
f.inilU. lliell ' llsi^liir.; ol his wile, hi-, son,
Willi. nil Moore .Sloiic, ,111(1 his d.iin^hler, .M.iiy.
lie I 111 11 li.ised soiiie kind at ( 'ornu all, .ind e.\-
|i((ti(l to dr.iw iSoo or i,oeo a( ri's besides.
lie ere( ted a dwelliiiL; and still house, and
otherwise elide, i\ol"ed to |iro\i(h' ,1 |ienn.inenl
home. I'liit he w.is iin.ihle to -, i ure ,is niiii II
ll.ld lieen alU ndiii;; to the i.roiierly lei I there laiul .i-: he w,inled. Most ol il ha.d heeii pre-
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(•m|)tcil bcloiu lie arrived, and lie was, tlicrc-
U)W, cominllcd lo <()iiu' liiitluM- towards tlic
west in search of unclaimed territory. lie went
to (^»iiel)ec and sjient some lime in an elfort to
se( ure all the land alonj; the ( ;anano(iue River,
lint .Sir John Johnson brouj^ht siit'ti< ient influ-
en( e to hear npon the t^overnment to cause a
compromise of claims. It was decided that -Sir
John shoidd be awarded all the land on the east
side of the (;anano(|\ie River, and Mi. .Stone
all on the west side, the boiind.iry of each to
be the center of the river. Just when this
de( ision was arrived at is not set down. Hut
Mr. Stone took possession of his portion in
I 79-', and the patent was issued six years later.
In 1791, Col. Stone went to Conne( tii ut
with his two children, Willi. iiu and .Mary,
wliom he placed at s( hool in I lartford. haviiiL;
jireviously placed a sou at school in .Mcuitre.il,
I.e.ih, his wile, died at Cornwall, about 179,;,
but the exact date is not known. In i79,S,
Mr. Stone, wiio had then been five years a
widower, and h.ul established iiimself at
(lananocpie, decided to marry a second time,
and made formal proposal to Mrs. .Vbiyail
Dayton, widow, who lived in the township of
i'.urfoiil, in Cpper Canada.
Sutfu e it to say, that the wooer prosecuted
his suit with vigor, and in time, the fair ob-
ject (jf his affections surrendered at discretion,
but not in liaste. They were married in the
summer of 1799, removing to the residence of
(■'"]. Stone, at (Janano(pie.
l''roin th.it time on, the i)articnlars of .Mr.
Stone's life are so much a part of the progress
A\u\ growth of Ci.mann.pie as to belong more
properly to the history of the town. He filled
numerous oflic es both under the government
and by local ai>pointment. He was the first
Collector of Customs: a Commissioner, or
Justice of the Peace; Chairman of the Court
of (ieneral Sessions of the I'eace for the
Johnstown District; Commissioner for ad-
ministering the 0,1th to half-pay ot'ticers; Re-
turning Otiicer at County election of Member
of Parliament in 1812; a member of the Land
l!o:ircl for District of Johnston, established in
1.S19 for loc.iting settlers; and Road ( )verseer
loi the Township of Leeds.
Hy a commission d.itcd 3d Janu.uy, 1S09,
under the hand and seal of I'ranc is (iore,
Lieut. -(iovernor of Upper C:anada, he was
appointed colonel in the jcl Regiment of
Militia tor the County of Leeds, and was
thereafter known as Colonel Stone. This
oltice he resigned in Janu.iry, i,Sj2.
Three children were born to .Mr. Stone
during the life of his first wife. His eldest
son William, who is referred to as " Hilly " in
.Mr. Stone's letters, grew to iiuiliirity at
Cananocpie, assisting in the general affairs of
his father, and for a time holding the position
of Deputy Collector of Customs. He died in
1.S09, aged twenty-eight years.
In the fall of 183,5, llie Colonel caught a
severe c cjld, and tlied on the joth Nciveinber,
in the eighty-fifth year of his age. Mrs. Stone
survived him by nearly ten ye.irs, and died
August .(, 1.S43, in her ninety-third ye.ir.
The events of his settlement in (;anano(pie
have already been alluded to, but we will add
one brief letter, which sets lurth the energy
and thrift of Col. Sicuie, better by f.ir than
any desc rijition could:
M'lM KI.M , if.lli Inly, iSdi.
Mv 1)1. \i;;- I rc'Ciivi'd vdiii leiici il.ncd tlie next
day aflcr I I, li 1 e, 71I1 lun.-, about llucc^ .lays
|i.isl by iiKR' arcideiii. I ni.itU well llic , ,,,Urius
lliiTcof. apiMDve ,if what yoii liavi- dorjc, and must
Willi lileasuic siiImiiIi t.. ywiir nsvu wNdciii 1,, do as
yon tliink best iiiihl I cm yet home, which I do not
iiUemI sh.ill hu loriii, belt I have; not yc'l Ihm-ii able |o
deliver .ITU of my Imards and plank. .Xndrew,
William aud David will sett oil' lo-moirou- morninjr'
with Ihe b.Mt loaded with the fcdhnviiiH |Mcka-,s
and articles a-rec^ble to ilc enclosed bills: One
lar-c e.isk wiiu', two trunks, one small trunk, ihc>
bo.\ 01 ehesi. two barrells, two k<'gs unie best Made-
ira wine, one cider vinejjarl, one cask nails, two
small hales, one shovel, one s|.,ide. i;nclose<| [
send yon four kc^vs, one lo each of ihe Iriinks, .tikI
one to the chest. Please lo be careful in unpack injr
the pork barred. It has a bottle of castor oil and a
lihial of pickery roped up in the blankets.
Ill thc> barrels, and in your chisi, voii will lind a
number of articles we had „i\ board the raft, two or
Ihiee axes, .Vc , and voii will hnd tobacco and sniilF
(vi^.l, 2 lbs. suMildnlv; also Hohea tea In one of the
casks, and Hyson tea in one of the laruc trunks.
The Hohea tea is fis. per Ih. in rase you sell any, and
'lie tobacco 3s. Please lo put the tobacco in some
inciist [ilace.
a-JlJU-l.l«JiJ.UUlJM
3i:
,/ >■(>/■/■/ \/A' .'/ //// ,./ / .nth'/ \i / un IK
%x:
ill •! ; I
MA
\\i
Till' oilier .mil lis I liavr iii.iiUiil ilic I'li.iM.i sril
al III llli' lulls ill lii\ own li.iinl u'iiIiiil;. [ iiri.l imi
I'.lllliilll VDII I'l '■ill f'll I .l-.ll clllll , I \1 1 pi U III w \M
(iwc .mil 111 p. I\ (.11 wll.ll U'l' lllll'-l liliv. I lir l.liui'
rask of Willi- in.iy tii' vciy unoij In iliiiilc .is uim .iinl
walrr, anil vmi may sell il al fs pn ^.illuii ilMm i .hi,
lull I tiiiii^lil 1 1 Willi .1 vii'W III iii.ikiii;; K III! :;.ii niilv .
I ^,Mvi' IS per ii.illiiii fill il. 'I'lir anil lis in lln- l.iiyr
I I link ulicic llir II y Si 111 1 1 .1 is .iir ii.ii iii.ii kdl, iim i-
till' liill -ciit. V.Mi will liii'l I'm I iiiiilon's i||ii].s III
lllc iMlIlk wllrll- lllr ll\>.ill II .1 i>, wllirh Viul III. IV
sell al 5s pii liollli', luil lliii--r i:i llic pnk ImihI.
1 lijli- plii.ils keep fill Viiur own lis.'. Vmi will mi
llir priipli- .11 Willi; .IS \iiii iiiil imisi iiii-iss.iiy iiiiiil
I uil 111 mil'. I II 111 '■I, if pii-'~ilili'. Ill mil: iliiwii .nil 1 1 hi i
i.ifl lliis si-aSDii. t )M Ml. I 'li.iplr will lie ii|. a^.ilii
a'' sunn as lie li.is lioiu' visiiniu liis fiit'iul-.
I .1111 inv ili'.ir in yifat liasic, willi a \'\\ li.n! pin
.iinl ink .unl m\ In -I i \i iiinns,
Viiiil iniisl .illcrliim.ilr,
lull S I ' iM .
l''iir iniu'li 111' till' iii-iUiT ri'i.il iiii; In (nl.
SliilU', wo .ire indrlitril tn I Kl I M \ \ r.ki II I i\,
l'',si|., cilitni' 111' tiic •' ( l.iii.miii|ilt' Ri liiil'U'l."
So I'.ir as till' iniiu'dvi'iiu'nt nl" his u.itci'-
1 lower w.is I .iiHcriicd. ( 'ill. ."sloiie iliil Inil liltlr
iDW.irds il, IcMsiiii; it finally tu lii^ son-iii-l.iw.
Cli.ii'k's Ml 1 )iin.ilil, wild, in i.^ij. lu'-.in In
cirry im .m i'\irii-.i\ c liusincs-,. lie Imilt .i
saw-mill, .mil a sm.ill ;4iisi-mill, ami in^.i^i'il
l.ir;.^i'ly in llic himlicr li'.nK', sliiiijiin;^ l.irur
i|ii,intities to ( jiu-lin , ami .iNo siiii|ilyiiiL; llir
yox-frniiR'nt wiiii slii|i tiinlirr, scmt.iI w.ir
vcssrls liL'ini; (in the storks ,it Kim;stiin, .il
tiiat tiiiii,'. In iSi;, ('hi-.. Mi !)iin.ilil u.is
joincil liv liis Iniiilur jnlin. .iinl l.itri' li\ ,in-
otJR-r lirollu'r ('nlliii; .iiid in i.Sjd, tin.' linii nl
"C. \- J. MiDnnald .md I'.iiiilur " iici tid
the Lii'^cst llmirin^ mill in llir I'lmmii'. Tu
siijiplv this mill, i;i".iin w ,is lirminlii in schiniii-
eis from the \\\"-t; .md owiii^ to its i a]iaiil\'
of J50 barrels ]K'r day, was fur niiiu \r,n>
enabled to siipiily one-i|iiarter of .dl the llmir
received at .Monirr.il. The iloiir u.i> mhi
down in l).itteau\ and |)iirh,im boat--, a b.it-
teaii load lieinii from 150 lo 200 birreK,
while a |)iirh.im bo.it i arried .(50 birrrls.
'I'he forw.irdiiiL; liiisiness .it ih.il time wa-, in
the hands of II. \' S. Jones. 'I'he blmk
houses built al ( 'i,m.inoi|iie, and on ('hiii.'.es
Island, were built for ilu; ;_;o\ernment bv
t:harles McDonald.
The first ■.lore 111 ( 'i,m.moi|iie w.is opened in
i.Mj li\ (hi... .\|( I »onalil, .md the .Mi I )on.iliN
.iImi buih liie lils| I hull h ill the pi. 11 e. 1 1
« .1-, free fill .ill ilein iinm.ilion-., .md w .Is I rei ltd
ill i.S^j. .Some loin 01 Ine \e.iis l.iiii. the
Ml ihodisl-, rreeli'd .1 '-mill wooden building
nil ihesileof theple-.enl ihunli. This de-
nomin.ilion lllini'-hed liie I'll-.! lenill.ir seiviies
ill the vill,l;;e. The lllst re^idelil millisU r W.IS
Ue\. William ('.Uson. .■\mnni; the first settlers
nf the \ill.iue w.is r'.|ihr.iiin Webster, who was
.illeru .lid c olie tor nf iilslonis al l'.lnik\llle.
In i.'s.ji, the sleaiiier William I \' w.is built at
(l.in.iiioipie by a joint >to( k lomp.nu. This
u. Is the sle. liner th.i' the noted Ihll bi'inslon
ind his followers .illeiupled lo 1 .ipliiie iliiring
the sii-i .ilh'd I'.urint w.ir, \>\ slieliiiiiiL; a
(li.iin .11 loss , I narrow 1 h.iimel belvMeii two
isl.imU. The .illempl l.iiled, bill u .is siic-
II ssliil ,i> lo ihe .Sir Robeil I'eel, lel.ited eNe-
u here.
The writer's ,i( know Il'(l^menls are due lo
his honor ihe m.iyoi ami sever. il .ihlernu'ii for
lu.mv f.i\ors in ihe w.i\ nf inl'orin.ilioii .if-
1 1 111 led. bill espei l.lIK lo till' I loll, ( '. I''., lil.'jl -
liiN, whose interest m ihe welfare of his town
is siroiiL; and .ibidiii::.
In ( iiui liidiiiL; lliis brief sketch of the e.iily
hisiorv of ( l,in.iniii|iie, ihe wriler di'sires lo
.idil. ill il sieps .ire now brim; l.iken to build
.111 ilei trie r.iilw.iy lioin lli.il \ill,iL;e to the
iil\- of Kinnston. In but iluie is at this
wiiiiiiL; .1 bill beloie IViili.imenl .iskiiii; lor an
at I of im orpnr.iiion, wliii h will no doubt 1 e
,L;r,mt('d. Its ^iiu.nion, iis w.iter power, ils
cnmmerii.il o|ipnrl imil ies, iis man iilai iiiriin;
pri\ileL;es, enlille (i.m.moipie lo .1 |iopul,iiion
ol I iilly I :;,ooo soiiK; ,1111 1 this it i anno! i.iil lo
re.di/e. unless its le.idiiiL; 1 ili/eiis, li\ injudi-
cious ,ii:is, sji, ill ret.ird ihe onw.iiil man h of
iinproveiU'.'iil, .mil par.ily/e progress. .-X };ii'.it
nimiberof I. ikes in its re.ir mil only guarantee
the pierpetuity of its water |iower, but make
the vill,i-e ihe L,Mlew.i\ to ihe liiiesl lis|iinir
and hunliui; i;roimds in .\iiieric,i. Th.ii (l.m-
■ inoipie is destined to bei oiue one of the
lhri\ini; 1 ities ol ihe St. I.iwreme region
.idmils of bill slight ('oubt.
.\ biiel liioL;rapliii ,il skeli h of the other
1
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■'T-
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I
(i.w.ixiuji/: /'IS/ .i.\/> /'/a:s/:\/\
.^"=;
a
K''iii'<''" I" llii' IiikK which ( (iii,iitiiir ih.' lirnri.il," .iiii] ' ' 1 11 ,| ,(■( tor-Cifivral . " o;' ih.'
|irf,t'iit >,iic (il (;.iii,iiuii|uc. iii.i\ |,in\c iiitn- Six N.itiun , .m,l ihnr i (mtiilri.itc-., .iiid iiT ;i||
clmji to ihi' iiMilii. \\r 1,1(1, (,f luiiiM', In ihc IikIi.iii NiiKiii-, iiih.ihilin- tlic I'rovincc ol
Sii Jnhii Joliiison. iS.ir'l. (Jiirhfc ,111,1 Ih,- Kmiiiici^ ;i iioMtioii whi. 1,
This (li.liii-iii-hctl l.i.y.ih>l u,i> th,' only he h, 'hi Cur iii.uiv Vcirs. \\ \\\r < I,,,,' of thr
son ol Sir Wilh.iiii Johnson, liy his liist wih', w.ir hi' sutUf,! in Cin.hl.i, whcr,' h,' iccriv,',!
('Mlhi'mif WiM'nlnTj^. lie u.i-, l,,,iii ;it his ^T.ints of l.ini! hoin ihr < roun, ,m,l where, in
l.ilhcr's reNiihnce on ih,' ,Moh,u\k l\i\i'r, a,lilition lo other oHi,es, h,hl hy him, he w.is
Noveiiilier S' 1 7 I-'- lie \\,i> .sliK.iieil in r,,loii,| ,,r ihe si\ iiiihii.i JMli.ihoii^ ol ihe
'■"'"kI'II"'. ;ii"l "'lili' on ,1 \i-,itlo ih,' inothiT ,.ist,rii |o\vnshi|is ol' Lower ('aiKid.i, .ind a
eoiinlrv, .\o\,nilhr jj, 17(15, "'•i'' knigliled iiuml'er of tiie Legislative ('()iin<il.
l>y Cor';.' Ill in lii^ l.itlier\ lil'eliiiie as a Hiirini^his loir^ ami hii^y iil',', th,' liaronet
iiMik ol lavor to th,' lallu'r. II,' iii,irrie,l ha, 1 no lised alio,!,', l.iit resided al M.intreal.
Mary W.itts, ilaiinhtir ,if ih,- lloii. John Larliine, Kin^-,ton, etc., as his fancy diiialed.
\\'al!-,,of His Mai,'siy'.,C,,iiii, il, liin,',;^, 177 >, lie had a slio,.tiii- 1h,x at a spot railed
and on the ile.ith of his lallu'r he sue, e,-deil to " .\!,)iint Johns, m," in the coiinly of Iberville,
Johnson's ILill, an,l l.iri^e 1 in, led estates ,>n ami a ,,.nntryseat at 'I'wi, kenhain, i;iii;lan(l.
the M,. hawk, twent\-foiir mil. ^ 11,1111 S, heiie,- II,' ,lie,l at the resiilenc,- of his daii'L;hter,
tady, and to his fallur's rank ,if niaj-ir-j^emral Mr-.. i!ow,r>, in the , ity of .Montre.il, lannary
ill the New WnV. militi.i. .j. i,S;o, in the ei-hly-ninth \ ear of his a-e.
it w.is only naliir.il th.il ,1 l.iiinly ulii<h
IkuI ivceived s,> many l.iv,.r, lr,>m th,' . n.wn, '| h,' m.iniif.utunis ,if (;anano(|iie are as
shoiiM remain loy.il; an,l lun, ,■ th,- ,li^lrll•^t f,,ll,,us: Th,' ( ;.iii.ino,|ii,. ( "arriane ( 'o., whi, h
wiihwhi, h his every a.t W.1-, vi.'w,',!, h.ulin- h.i-, a l.r.m, h ,it llro, kville; tl?e Thousand
t,. Ih,' exulion of |,le,l-es f,,r his fiiiiire con- M,,iul Carria-,' C,,., l.oih ,,f wlii, h turn
dii.l, whi,h he, ,.f ,,mrM-, refiis,',l t,. i;i\,'. ,,„t a lar-e number of handsome velii, les;
Le,irnii),t^ tl it St,]!-, h.i,l l„.en tak,n t,. .i|,|,r,- M,-. (;,.„ruc ( iillies. manufacturer of bolts and'
hen,l him, he suminone,! a niiinb.r of his nm. ,;n,l sa,l,llery hardw.ire; I'.irmenter \-
tenants and some ,,f hi-, nei-hlM,rs w ho m in- |!iill,„k, manufa, turers of rivets, wire nails
patlii/ed with him, ami t,.-eth, r they tlid 1,, md ,1 v.iriety of small articles; tlu- Ontario
C:anada. On hi. ariiv,.i, he w.i, at on. e .ip- Uhe.l Comp.my, which turns out ,in immense
pointed a < .il,)nel in the Ilrili.h servi, ,•, and niiml),r of carri.ijre-whcls annually; the St.
proceeded to or-ani/ea corps of tw,) battalions I.awien,e Steel and Wire Comiiany, manufac-
whi, h w.is known as the " R,)y,il Re-iment of turers of eors,.t steels, , rin,>line steels and
New York," and as the "(^)ueen's Loyal arti, les ,,f that nature. The mxt is the Klec-
Americans;" but popularly, the corps was trie Li^ht Station, one of the ino.i < .imjiletc
known as " Johnson's R,)yal C.reens." This stations of an\ town its si/e anywhere. Cross-
re-iment formed a part of the force under the in- the r.iilway brid-e, voii , ,.me to to Cowan
command of Lieut. -C,)l. Harry St. Le-er, in \- llrilton, manufacturers of naiU, hin-es,
his campaign against Lort Stanwi.v (now butts and special arti, le. in iron aiul steel;
Rome, N. v.), the defeat of whom did not in (). I). Cowan manuf.u turer of < lotlus wring-
tlie least diminish his intense bitterness against ers, harrows ami ele( tii, il fixtures; Skinner \'
his neighbors in the Mohawk Valley, whose C,)., m.miifacturers ,,f hames, snaths and
d(miains he ravaged with lire and sword in woo.len goo,ls; C.mano.pie Spring and Axle
17.S0, though defeated at Lox's Mills, and Company, m.nuif.i, turers of carriage springs
forced to make a hasty, if not inglorious re- and carriage axles on a large s,ale; the D. F.
'""'•"• Jonjs M.iniifictiiiing Company, manufactur-
On the 14th of ^Llrch, 17,^2, he was ap- crs of spades and shovels; C.inano.pie Fiirni-
pointed "Commissioner," "Suiierintendent- lure Company, manufacturers of furniture of
'
3'^'
,; .si>rr/:.\7u >>/- riii: <v /..i ii/:/ xc/ ri\ i r.
all (l^.^( ri|ilii)Hs: ('i.iiianiM|nL- KnlU'i I-loiii ls.i)U\,i\ (■'nii,iii\, iii.iki'- ( (.inu ( ; h m-- \uiii
Mill; Mill hell \ WINciii, |iKiniiiL; milN and all |ia-.^iiimi I iain> ci^i .iiid u est <iu i In (, I
(iinlrai tills; ( •. \'. ( imili'lic, iiirncil wooilcn K., and niu- . a llir nid^i i lau' nn ni |..iiii^l(a
j;iM)(K ol all diM ri|ilii)ns; 'riuiiisanil Inland ( liii lun and iIh u ( si.
i
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I Mill
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Till- " SKW Isl.ANIi WANIMKIU."
Iluloii;-- to lln■•rll"ll^tlllc| l-l;iiia suMiiili. ,,il I |i.inv. makiiij Dinlv l-lxmr mn'; iininri'j iIm- Ishmas siinim i ■ l-l.n ,i lii II. . i .ui.' I.iir.
innki"- cl'.iilv t^'|l^ I'l • l_''hci^liiiri;
I i
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5
' it
BKOCKVILLE,
THE GATE-CITY TO THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.
s
rST ;U tlie foot of llu' 'I'hoiisand Islamls,
126 miles west of Montrcil, and liftv
miles east of Kini^nton, stands the heaiitifiil
town of Hrockv ille. Its history is one of inter-
est, as being one of the oldest towns in
Ontario, and as one which has not stood still,
hut has made a steady [irogress, a solid sub-
stantial [growth, in step and cadence with
modern improxement. The modern " booms,"
with their (:onsei|uenl reac tionjiave never been
inllii ted upon Hro( kville, and in consecpience
it has tell none of the enervatinL; inllueiices
seipient upon perifids of undue inllation.
In 17S4, one hundred and eleven years ago,
Adam Cole, havinj; left the United States, and
being still desirous of remaining under the
protection of the ilritish (lag, to which he
deemed his allegiance due, sailed uji the St.
Lawrence, and landed on the site of the pres-
ent city of l{ro( kville; but from the lac t that
to him the land seemed rough and imiin iling,
he pushed on to a point six niile^ above, and
lui ally settled at what is now known as ("ole's
l-'erry. In the following year, another enthu-
siastic U. Iv Loyalist. William Ihicll, located
on the lot where a large part of the we>tern
portion of the citv now stands. Shortly after-
ward, (Charles Jones, following in the footsteps
ot his predecessor, took up the adjoining lot
on llie east. These first settlers were of
course subjected to all the inconvenience^ in-
cident to pioneer life; but in a short time ihe
little settlement beianie a (li^tribulmg point
lot government stores, wliich wcic --npplied
to settleis in the shape of pro\ isions and im-
plements, ,ind ipiite soon it s|i|-.i,im mio some
prominence, and beg.m to grow.
The surrounding township was named
Lli/abethtown, and for a number of years the
village was known by that name, and also by
the name of liuell's Hay. Finally, the resi-
dents began to favor a more dignified title,
and then no little difference of opinion arose
(oncerning the name of the place, which, as
is almost always the case, resulted in a pa-
tronymic bestowed by outsiders, which was
far more expressive as to fact, than coiuluc ive
to dignity. Mr. Ihiell and his friends were
extremely desirous of naming it " Williams-
town," in honor of William Ihiell, the first
settler. On the other hand, Mr. [ones iind
his adherents, insisted that " ( 'harlestown "
should be the name, after Mr. Charles [ones;
and between the factions sui h a strife was
engendered, and so bitter was this miniature
war of the rival roses, that the outlving resi-
dents i)econiing disgusted with the endless
bickerings, incontinently bestowed the ni( k-
nanie of " Snarleytown " upon the place, which
adhered to it for a long time.
In iSii. however, a new system of" grand
la< tiis was introdui ed into the local war, and
.Mr. IJuell demonstrated his abdily as a tac-
tician by having his pro])erty surveved and
laid out into town lots, setting aside ground -
for a ])ublic scpian^, ( ourt-house, etc .. of whic h
he had a map published on which was duly
set forth desirable properties for sah:, thus in-
augurating for that dav and age a verit.ible
appioach to the moclern "boom," or, at all
events, ,is near to one as liroi k\ille has ever
experienced. Pesirous of becoming a large
landed proprietor, Mr. Jones was averse to
disposing of his property in like manner, .md
if
II
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J !
llirlil< no |i|.l( th .lllv .11 klliiu lid^rd tll.ll ill' ^(lliiiilU'l JmIm, .lllil I ui i llllli^li \ (.s-.cls. 1 he
was niit-i;i.iuiMK(l, liul lir \\.i^ by im inc. ins |''..iil <i| Mdii.i .ind ilu' l>iikc nl ( IIhik I'^tcr,
(k'li'.iU'd. Tlic t.ii liiiii^ i;rcv\ .iiid miilliiilud \\.u\ ,in nii^ji^i inriil (p|i|iiisHc dn Inwn. uliicli
in niimlur--. ,111(1 llic lend in inli n^ii \ , li ir a l,i-.ii d Im I liu r Iimiii-', < r,i-.mj; li\ inni lul ( mi-
dn .idc, uiilil it -rciiU'd a IcJie^i >iu' < ihicIm^ii iii >onl ulirii daikiu-^i rami mi, iicillu i |miI\
llial " Snaik\ liiwn " \va-> 111, civ ici Income liaviiiL; ^iilkTcd any m.iUTi.il dainam^ ; — an
tlk' [H iin iiu-nl di-^iL^n.ii inn nl tin- Im .ilily. cnii'lialii and sinhil'icant coinmint npmi llu'
r'inallv. in i Sj i , ( l.is ..'i ikh-I Iriinal Sir I^aac skill (if Imih |Mrlirs in the ii^c nt' all illnv . On
IliiK k, luiiiL; in lln |.|,i( f. tin dl■^|'llU■ was ii- llir ni-hl ol tin- dlli nl l< iuiiaix. iSi 5, ('.i|it.
fiTird In him. .md lu' innnrdi.ilrl v M'ttlcd the l'()r-.\ih. nl llic Kilh-.. llim ( nmm.inckinl al
dillnnhs lis lH--lnuin:; hi-- nun ii.mu.' iijinn ( >;.;di.n>liiiiu, m ik lied up the ii>ri tn Mniiis-
tlii' pl.K r. It w.is .1 li.lpli\' lhnlli;lit, and hkr Inuii. ,ind, ( ln^-,in- nn tlu 11 r, tnnk |in:,--c.s-
ilf'ti
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1 U' iKI \' , 1 \ ■ I I !,■ 'M ,1,' Mil, « \ I 1 I, I I '\\ ■
i\', ' .1 W 1 \ I I I 1 -■) I ■( =
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|inniin'4 nil n|inn trmiMrd w ilcis, it 1 ilimd --inn ii( the tnwn, (aptniiin^ --i\ci.il nl its
the --tmin \i\ s.iti^lvini: thr i nnicndiiiL; I.k |ii(iininint i iti/rn^. and iclci^mL; ^r\ n il pris-
iimi>. wlin mrrL;id ihcir ilitloii'iK is inin niui s I inin die j.iil, inn-.| i.r wlmm wnc Aiini i-
" r.in( k\ illi." ,1 11,1 11 a- <.\i'l' siiK o irl,iiiu'd, and 1,1 n^ wlin h,'d In en Liken piisniieis and < mi-
,-ne In lie |i|iiild nl. A-. .111 nid resident nl lined lllele. 1 1 is rel.lti'd tll,ltC',l|it. jnlsNth
the c lt\ lelil, liked In the Wliter: " It w,i- ,1 lel'11-.ed tn reliMse a lirisnner wlin \\,ls iii< .ir-
^hieuil i\eiii|ilili( .ilinn nl" the tahle nl ihe eeiated mi a 1 h.ii -e nT murder; lull in his de-
innnkex. the 1 .it^ and tin- i heese Imt it feii-e his counsel M)iii;lil In win ,1 pnint in his
worked uiil ,ind -.ili--lied ,ill |Mllies.'" l.ivnr li\ estalilishiiiLi the tut tli.it, while lie
niirillL; the u.irol \>^\: 1^. lUnikulle w.i-- iniuhl lia\ f eseaped. he wmihl imt, llnis«re,il-
nllen the ^( elle nf I i \ el\ ( i| 1. r 1 1 inns. ()ntlie ill:; ,1 st rnllL; inlerelli e nt hi., inniK em e. He
.'ijth nl Jiih. i.Sij, the I iiiteil .St, ites aimed w.i-. iie\crt liele-- , ( nn\ ii ted .ind h.in^ed.
•
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THE n ROCK I'll. LE OE TO-DAV.
i^i
l''ifty-t\v() [irisoncrs, wiili a large amount of
stores ami amintmition, was tlie result of the
capture of lirot kville, ami ;in e(iual number of
American prisoners was tiie result of a re-
prisal whicli immediately followed, in which
t'ajit. Forsyth was badly beaten at Ogdensburg
by the C!anadian volunteers under ("apt. Mc-
Donnell, who, in addition to the prisoners, caj)-
tared a large amount of military stores, several
l)ie('es of artillery, sonii; small arms, besides
destroying tlie barracks. 'I'he Americans lost
twenty-three in killed and wounded, and were
toward the dignity and importance of a city.
The old methods of n.ivigation on tiie St.
Lawrence, batleaux and Durham boats, have
given way to elegant steamers, which have re-
duced the time from Montreal from weeks \.o
hours. Railways have replaced the uncertain
stage coach, and now few towns are more
favorably situated than is Urockville, as regards
connections both by water and by rail. Tiie
main line of the Grand Trunk Railway runs
through the town, and has been an important
factor in its development. Direct communi-
r»
tlllllllll
nil
vmtr
TUl. SN<IU IN ■-IKKl.rs (Pl W Al l-.RmWN, WISrKR Ol' l^f)^-C)^.
\
forced to retreat to HIai k Lake. Since the
senseless and un< alli-d for (li^turban( e of 1837,
which culminated in the surreiuler of the rebels
at the Windmill, and the ripi)le ( aused by the
Fenian Raid, Hrockville has enjoyed uninter-
ru|ited pea( c, and has steadily thriven, pursu-
ing the even tenor of its way, until now we
have
The Hk(KKvii.i.i. of To-Dav.
Willi a population of very nearly, if not
quite ro,ooo, Hrockville is fairly on the road
cation with Ottawa, the capital of the Do-
minion, only seventy-four miles distant, is af-
forded by the Canadian Pacific Railway,
which absorbed into its gigantic system the
old Hrockville and Ottawa Railway. Already
the Hrockville, Westport and Sault St. Marie
Railway has been completed to Westport, and
in addition to making a large section of coun-
try tributary to Rrockville, when completed
to the " Soo," and connecting there with the
.\merican railways, this will become one of
the great trunk lines, connecting the Atlantic
.;!
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.7 :>i>rr/-.\7A' ('/■ ////. .' /. /.,;;/A7..\( /, av ;/,/>•.
se.iho.ird with the (irial West. I'n'sitles. there
is MOW jirnjec ted an eleetrie railway to rim
lietwee'i l!rn(k\ille and ()tla\\a, wliich uill
npen the Kideia < nimtry. and be nf ureal
benefit tn that entiri- seeiicin. I'y ste.iin lerry
to Mori i^tiiw II, iiiiineetion is hid with the
RoiiK'. W'aterlciwn and ( )^deiiibiirj; Kailwa\-,
whi' h loim- a part ol' the L;r<.Mt Central -.ss-
teiii 1)1 Neu \iiik; the larue^t on the Ameri-
can cunlineiit and now it is |i|i ipo.sed to
Imihl a bridge ai:ro>> the St. Lawremc at tiiis
])oint,to coniui t the Canadian and American
systems, the prehiniiMry steps to whi( h have
alreadv been taken, ( harters sec nred in both
countries, .mil it is cdnridenlly e\pe<ted ih.il
active sti'ps in the way ot' rcuistrncticm uill he
t.ikeii within .i leu niunihs at tlie t'.irthest,
I )iirinj; the season ol niviuation, the steamer
servile is cMellent. I'he sti-amers ol' the
Richelieu and ()ni.irio .\'a\ i;^ation Coinpaiu
c.ill dailv on their trips bi'tween I'uront'i .md
Montre.il and xaiimis American ports .mioiij;
the 'ihoiisaiul Isl.mds. Ilesides these, the
( >i ean, \le\andria, ( 'iib.i, etc., do a larj;e
liei^ht and ii,is>enj;er business, so that uater
tai ilities .ire ol the best (lu.iilty, .md le idilv
av.iil.ible .It the minimimi ol dela\. I'iie
ste.imer ser\ ice to the 'I'Iiohs.iikI Islands has
of Lite ye irs been supplied b\ the |ohn lia--
_L;arl, .1 i onimodious \essel, well adapted to the
purpose.
.\s .1 siinmier resort, r)rock\ille offers ex-
ception, il ailvantaL;es. The .^re.il Anieric .111
resorts amoiii; the islands .ire within e.isy
re.K 1), being onlv from twent\-li\e to thirtv
miles .iw.iv. .and e.isilv re.iclied !)\' ,my one of
tlie d.lily line of stciiiiers which plv diiriii;;
the w.iterin^ season. Hesides these, the haii-
|)ire St.ite. Ainern.i and St. I..iwrenie. all
splendid steamers, make almost d.iily e\i ur-
sions. 'I'liese steamers belom,' to the Thou-
sand island Ste.imbo.it Co:mi.U)\' line, .1 i 0111-
pany that is sparine; no pains nor expense to
lurnish .1 ri\er service on the St. Lawrence
which c.innot be e\i i.Ued. Diirinj^ the past
decuK- some eleu int resorts li.ive s|inini;
liji on the Can.idian side ol the river; amon^'
whii h .lie I-'ernb.iiik. Mill Cresi, ,md Cnion
I'.irk, while between these iie.irly e'.ery fa-
vored spot is taken iiii, .md c\ery\e.ir s( es
Hew and be.iiiiirul smniner homes spiin^ inio
view. Residents nl New \'olk, ()tl,iw.i .mil
Montre.il, leioj^ni/mi; the beauties ol these
locuions. ha\i.' .ilread\ erei lid line summer
residences, or .ire prepared to tlo so in the
near future.
between llrockville .md I'nion I'. irk, seven
miles above, a sle.muT m.ikis lour round trips
daily, so tliat business men i .111 .itteiid to ihiar
duties diiriiiL; the d.iy, returniiii; to their cot-
t.iL;e homes in the eveniiij,'. In addition loits
river .itlrai tions, Uroekxille li.is some be iiili-
fiil dri\es, prominent amoiii; which, for be. uily
and |iictiiiesipieness, is the drive to fernbaiik
I'ark ,ind the villaije of Lynn, five miles aw.iv.
The best known and p,itroni/ed, liowe\er, is
ill. It Id l'res(olt, a dist.mce ol twehe miles
.iIoiil; the b.iiik of the river. llro(k\ille is
supplied with water tliroUL;h the celebr.ited
UolU " system, .md it li.is an e\Ci.'llent sys-
tem of sewer. i_ue, so th.it .is .1 pi. ice ol excel-
lent s.init.ition it is unexcelled. 'l"he streets
.ire well liiihted with both l;.is ami elei trii ity,
or r.iiher .1 < ombination of the two. They
intersei t .it riitht .iiiLtles, ,ind for the nio-t p.irt
.lie beaiilifiillv shaded, so ih.il one miL;ht aptly
name broi k\ iUe the " Forest City," and not
go far .istr.u.
Li relii^ioiis and ediiciti nal matters, llrock-
ville stands deser\edh- high. Some of llie
church edi flies are mannilicent and i ostlv tri-
umphs of architectural skill. There are three
I oiiLireg.itidns df the (,'luin h of Lngl.md, two
I'resljyteri.m, twii .Methodist, one Ifiptist. and
one Kom.iii ('.itholie, besiik's some smaller
sei ts. 'I'heir p.istors are men of m. irked
.ibility. The schools of iiroikxille are of a
hiuh order. i'he public schools ((insist oi
a(enlral ili;.;h s( hool, known .as the \'i( loria
Si hool, and foiirW.ird Si lnuils. 'I'he Separate
.Si hddl is ,1 Urge .md lommodioiis siinitiire,
provided with all the modern appliances, 'i'he
('onvent lie N'otre D.ime is a superior ladies'
school. 'I'llere is ,ilso .in exi client Kin-
derg.irten in successful oper.ition, together
with some llrst-dass priv.ite si Iiools. 'i'lie
Collegiate Institute is one of the best higher
ediication.d institutions in the I'rovini e. Siti-
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liROCKVIl.I.E IXSAXi: ASVIAM.
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(k'nts are here i)repare(l for matriculation in
the various coUetjes, and for entering upon
any of the professions. Urockville lias also a
Business College eijual to any in the country
in its methods and in the thoroughness of its
work. Last, but by no means least among the
educational institutions of tin: town, is liie
Art School. This has attained a proviiu ial
reputation from the excellence of tlio work
exhibited by its pu|)ils in ((impetilion with
other Art schools in Ontario. The Mec lianics'
Institute, with its library of many thousand
volumes, its am|)le and well-supplied reailing-
room, filled witii .dl the current reading matter
of the day, is surely an educator whose inllu-
eiice upon the masses can hardly i)e over-
estimated. In this respect, Hrockville is but
another demonstration of the well-known
fact that, given a good, well-selected library,
and a reading-room abundantly supplied witli
the literature of the day, a community will
stand infinitely higher, morally and intel-
lectually, than will one de|)rived of those
privileges. Hrockville has two excellent
newspapers, the Times and Recorder, both of
which are live sheets and fully up to date, not
only as regards the news in general, but also
fully alive to the interests of their town.
There are many enterprising manufa< luring
firms, but lack of space prevents the insertion
of a list.
For the care of the sick and afflicted, Hrock-
ville has two excellent hospitals, the Itrockville
(ieneral Hospital and the St. N'incent de I'aul
I lospital, both being fully e(pii])i)ed and well
managed. The crowning institution, however,
is the newly erected
Hroc Kviii K Insank. Asvi.um.
This is an elegant structure, standing on a
commanding site on what was known as the
Pickens I'oint property, at the left of the i'res-
cott road. From it, the view across and down
the St. Lawrence is magnificent. The ])rcmises
contain 207 acres. The main building stands
about .550 yards north of the Prescott road.
It is built in the form of a cross, being three
stories high in the center and two stories in
the v.ings, having a frontage of 400 feet. The
front of the central part is suriuduiiled by a
tower i2cS feet in height. The central part of
the main building |irojects to the rear 200 feet.
There are ample basements, storage rooms,
coal vaults, laundries, sewing rooms, ofli( es,
dining rooms, kit( hens, patients' rooms, bath
rooms, linen rooms.with ample .i< ('oiiiiiiod.iiion^
in the main buikling for 240 patients. In
short, the building is provided with e\ery ap-
pliance that s( ience, skill and experience (oulil
suggest as being beneficial in an institution of
the kind. Six cottages, each forty by sixty
feet, two stories high, with all the ap[)liances
to accommodate sixty patients each, are also a
])art of this institution. Although interesting,
space forbitls an extended description of this
fine public institution, so likely to prove one
of the attractions of Hrockville.
The Canadian shore of the St. Lawrence
river, it will be noticed, is, in the m.iin. bluff
and rocky, and in many pla< es exceedingly
l)recipitous, with here and there occasional
breaks, where the land slopes giiitiv to the
water's idge. It is in one of these breaks that
lirockville is situated, with high bluffs ab(>\e
and below and high ground to the rear. I'roin
the river the place presents a very fine .ip-
pearance. The bluff at the east end of the
town rises to a height of fully fifty feet, and is
commonly known as " High Roi ks," which,
with its overhanging shelves, clinging vines
and wild honeysuckles draped over the en-
trances many small caves, presents a charm-
ing bit of s<encry to the eye of the river tour-
ist, but whi( h is scarcely appreciated by the
citizens themselves. This beautiful spot is the
home of a legend or tale which may be too
true in fact, to relegate to the regions of
romance or legend. He that as it ma\-, it is
here "set down," the reader to be the judge.
TlIK I.KOKNn U' THK Cl.llF.
At a point where the face tjf the (liff is
comparatively smooth, may be seen traces of
a painting which is now nearly obliterated,
but which, until within a few years past, was
visited every spring by a band of Indians,
who, with weired ceremonies and incantations,
brightened the picture with fresh paint and
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338
./ sorr/ \7n' t^r rin > r i.iuh-iSi/ /ai/h\
!
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(U'li.irtcci. Tlu' piciini' WIS .1 iiiiij:h rcprc.
si'iitation III .1 r.moi', |irn|KllL'<l liy sfvoril
Imli.ms, out III will! li ivvn wliitr iiirn wirf
t.lllill^;. 'I'lic lri;iMl(l 111, Ill's lli.it in llir imiK
(l.iys (it tlu- Iri'iirh ()(ru|i.itiiin (il ( '.m.id.i li\
('i)UiU I''roiitrn;ic, tlu'if was a loiitiiuial
stnii;i;lr butwccii tlic Nru !• imip i' .mil ilir
Ni'W i'Jijil.uul, as In «llicli sliolllii si'< lllr the
alli.iiico of the liuliaii trilii's-. .iml .illlhuiuli
nominally I'Vimc ami Ijiiilaiiil wvrv ,it ihmm',
tlKTf is no (loiilit that l'',ni;li»li nHiici- sta-
tioned ill the rolonies, did all m llu ir iiourv
to forward this mmh-to-lie-desired < onsiimma-
tioii. The l''reiii h had .^ll(:( I'l'drd in si'cniini;
the alliani e of the .\l;;oiii|uins ami lluroiis,
but the ^;reat < onfeder.ic) of ihe Iroqimis held
aloof from any eiitan^liii}; alliam r- , ihemuif,
it is iiresiiined, l)e( .iiise they were deadU \tn-^
to lioth Hurons and AI,L;oni|iiiiis. the fmmer
of whirh Were scttKil around lakes lluioii
and Superior, while the AluoiKpiiiis weie the
tribes of the east. The Iluroiis, id ira( h the
{,'reat tur marki'ts of Moiiiieal and (Judiei ,
were obliged to ])ass through the eouiitrv nf
the Iroipiois, «hi( h that confedeiaey pKjmplU
opposed, and so great was the terror inspiied
bv the I roipioi^, thai Count I'runli na< , then
(iovernor of the New I'ram e, dii itled to jiro-
tei t his allies, and administer such a rebuke
to their foes thai thev would loiii; remember
it. I'lie Count's expedilion, howewi, was not
an iimpialified siieci-ss; ami thoui;li heliroiiuht
off many jirisoners, he returned with his army
li.idlv (rippled, a fai t of which the Iroipiois
were well aware.
At all events, ainoiiL; the prisoivrs c.iii-
tured by the l-'rem h were .i ( ample of lMi,i;lish
officers, who belonged, so history informs us,
to the garrison at ()swi'go; for uji to this
point, dear reader, our relation is but a verita-
ble iiistorieal fact, or fa( Is, if you so choose.
'I'hese ottii ars were placed in 1 are of a party of
Indians, who were to take them to .Montreal.
I'jiibarking 111 a iam>r, thev priHcedi.l dnwn
the St. I,awren(( ind, wheii al a p'unt |u-.|
■ ibove I'lliM kville, tiiey Wire stru(k b\ .1 tilll-
ble storm, .111(1 being lie,l\ ll\ lo.ided llic\ t.is.cd
the llriti^h 'iliiieis o\ erlm.inl, not onh lo
lighten the ( .inoi', bill lo app( .isc the sloim-
gnd bv .1 hum. Ill s.icrifii e. I!nl the sliirm-god
w.is nut apiie.i>ed. The g.ile im rc.i-.cd in
intcn■^itv, .iml the storm king hnwhd .md
shrieked in the e.ii> nl the now di^m.l\^(l In-
dians, whn begin to leg, ltd their a(tion^ in
throwing the two nun oviiboaid ;k ( owarilb .
'I'hcv fell that the (iici' Spirit wniild punish
them lor the .u t. .iml mi the w.iil ol their dcalh
songs, mingled with the shriiks of the tem-
pest, .ind when opposile the lli^h Km ks llie
(.inoeweiii down wiih all its hum. in Ireight.
.imong whom wis .i di^linguishcd cliiel. 'I he
iudgment w .e. weli de^ei <. cd. ( •! 1 oiii^e, llin .e
s.u.igesdid not intend to rele.lM' lluir |iris-
oneis. bill iusi to torlure iheiii .il the si. ike.
Il.id tlie\ nol been su 1 1 1\\ .iidh .is lo throw
ihein o' erbii.ird In diown. lwn\ nnii h ple.isuie
lhe\ ini-lil ll.ive .ifforded the whole tube, .ind
what horillile tullllles, so de.ir lo the :-.i\.i-e
he.irt, they ini-hl ha\e subiei led iluan lo.
bill tlie\' drowned tin ir I'lisciners insie.ul, ,in I
w ere iheniseb cs dinw ned. Served tin 111 right,
lor more lli.in a hundred years ,1 b.ind of
Indi.ins h.is repainted tlie |iii lure cai h spriiiL;,
at the s.inie lime pi irornung incantations to
the (oe.it Spiiil, VI hose anger, bee, luse thev
drowned the olln lus iiiste.id nf burninL; ihem
■ It the si. ike. niiisi be ap|ie.i->ed. As il has
now been >evii.il \e.ir> since the picture has
been renewed, let Us hope ih.it the Indi.m
deil V is s.itislicd.
l''or mm 11 inlorm.iiion 1 oncerning llroi k-
ville, the w liter Is iiideliled to Mr. R. I vin-
I vw, of ihe I?roikville 'rimes, and lo Mi.
Ciiii. I'. CikAii vvi, of the Recorder, genial gen-
tlemen both, and fully alive tu the interests of
lluir tow n.
'' I '1
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33'
THE FOLCER BROTHERS.
Tins widely known firm, nf Kingston, ()n-
t irio, wliosc iiortraits i)ri'<i'dt' this skotcli, con-
sists of r.. W. I'oiM.i.k, born in i8,?S; Hknkv
loi.iiKU, in 1S42, and F. A. [•'oi.t.KU, in 1851,
all at Cape \in<ent, Jilferson ( ounly, N. \'.
i'liey wore sons of 1''ki.1)i;ku k A. Foi.c.Kk
and L/MkA FtiidK.K, tin- father lieirn,' a de-
scendant of Captain Maitiikw I'mci-K, of
NantU( ket, Mass. Their mother was a Mi-^s
ISrick, a sister of tlie junior partner in tlie
tlan.adian firm of Calvin i\: I5reck. Fre(leri( k
A. Folger emigrated to Cape Vincent just
after the War of iSi.;-i5, and cast his lot
at that sniall country village on the St. I,au-
rence River, near its source. He was a man
of fine intellectual girth and grain, and a
poetic vein ran through his composition. He
was a ready writer, an exi client critit of liter-
arv work, and full of appret iative knowledge
of the value of good liooks. He jiossessed
business talents of a high order, and had he
settled in a large town, lu- would have grasped
every sound opiiortunity to lay the solid foun-
dation of a large fortune. His hunenled
death, at the early age of 4.5. was a sad closing
of a most promising career; and the t'ollow-
ing tribute from a contemporary ULWsjiaper
will show in what high esteem !.e was held by
those who knew his worth and mourned his
loss: "Died, on the 2Sth of September, at
Cape Vincent, in the 4.?d year of his age,
F. A. Folger, Ks(p, t!.e idol of his family, the
ornament of the social ( ir( le, the useful citi-
zen, the benefactor of the poor, the friend of
man. Cut off in the midst of his years and
his labors for the public good, his death will
be universally and deeply deplored." This
tribute i)rovcs how strong a place he had won
in the hearts of the people where he lived and
died. .As he was the father of a family that
is no doubt destined to fill a large place in
the history of commercial and general affairs
in the section where they were born, it will
be in order to . r to the early history of its
pioneers. 'I'he following is copied from a
Nantucket newspaper, and shows the origin
and fame of the Folgers, in connection with
that historic town: "Nantucket has been
wonderfullv jirolific of great men and women.
Among the first f.imilies on the island were
the Mai vs. The Folgers are another note-
worthy race. The only < hild of ' I'eter
Folger,' born after his removal from .Martha's
Vineyard to XantU( ket, was Abiah, who, in
her young maidenhood, removed to Boston
and m.irried Jonah Franklin, the tallow (hand-
ler. The fifteenth 1 hild by this marriage was
llenjamin Franklin, the philosopher. The
mother in talent and worth is said to liave
been every way worthy of her illustrious son.
Another member of this family was Charles J.
Folger, the present Secretary of the T'e.isury,
« ho was born in N.intucket, in a house which
stood on the site of the [jresent Shcrbourne
House, on Orange street." I'aiUain Matthew
Folger, the grandfather of the subjects of
this biographic al notice, was an adventurous
spirit of hisst'rring 'iuies, and figured conspic-
uously in marine matters. The I'olger Hros.
inherit the lo\ e of marine affairs, for the name
of Folger has long been iirominent in this line.
It w.is a Folger who gave the best theory of
the (lulf Stream; it was a C,ii)tain Folger who
rescued the mutineers of the " Hounty " from
l'it( airn [slantl. Miss lireck, who became the
haiipy and worthy wife of Frederick \. Folger,
was largely endowed with gentle and loving
ipialities of head and heart, and her infiuence
in moulding the character of her boys was
jiure and commanding. She still lives, in the
full possession of all Iter faculties, to enjoy
the well won success of her fatherless sons.
These brothers were led to locate in the
Canadian < ity of Kingston in 1862, and were
no doubt influenced to do so through their
relationship to Mr. Hreck, through the mar-
riage of his sister to their father. He was the
lunior partner in the famous firm of Calvin tV
Kreck, who were for years lords of the river
on the Cmudian side, in steamboat and raft-
\< !
f!
•
W
Mi!
J ;i ,
.1.1-
./ .s>'//7-.\/A' (V /■///: s/: A./nviV-.-.WA av/va*.
iiil; i>|Hr,uiiins. Tlicir In'a(li|ii;irtfrs wtrc at
(i.irdcn I->l,iiicl, .111(1 liDin till-, [loiiii in.iin mil-
lions of (loll, lis uoriliiit' limhiT Wire |iiit m
sliapi- ti) in- r.ifliMl iIdwii the i,i|ii(ls nl tlie St.
1 ..i\vi\'ii( (• lor ii'sliipmi-nt to l'',uro|u-. It iii.ix
not l)f griu'ially known tiial soiiu- of the oak
wlii( li i-nlcrcd into tlu' construe tion of Nel-
son's ilai;slii|), the immortal "X'iitoiy," ami
on whose' dec k the ^reat ICiighsh nasal hero
re( eived his tleath wound at TrafalLiar. was
eut Iron) the sonthi-rn liank of the St. Law-
rence between Cape Vincent and Clayton, and
put into rafts at the foot of I.oiil; Isl.md for
ito.iting to (Quebec. Sui h is the iiilerislin^
historic f.u t, and the old piers i .m slill lie seen
at this ])oint which were used in the raftin^L
(jper.itions of that time.
I'ront iS()j III the [iresent d.i\ the firm of
Koljier liros. has been the best known and
most a< ti\ e of any liusiness house in KinLjston.
i'heir hislorv I'.as lieeii one continuous ^mu ih
in many lines cif business. With their banking;
business, I'lrsi estalilished, they li.ive l.irge m-
terests now in the l'.le( trie Street R.iib\av
Coinpanv of Kingston, the (las and I'.leitiii
l.ij^iit Company, the Kingston Real l!si.ite
Company, the Kingston and Pembroke Rail-
w.iv Con)pan\, North .\meri(,ni i'elegi.iph
('omp.iny .mil the Si. I.,iwrenie River and
'I'hous.md Island .Steanibo.it (omp.niies.
Tliese l.irge ,uid import, lut businesses .ire .dl
in first rate condition, ami are proof of the
business energy and tact of the llrolhers
Kolger. They are known over ,i wide sei lion
of Canaila and the Stales for their upright .md
downriglit business w.ivs, their grtat enter-
prise .md far-seeini; <;al< ul.itions as to com-
mercial affairs. These brothers have always
held eipial interests in their business concerns,
and present a remarkable instance of family
concord of the most intimate and cofdi.i! < har-
acter. extending from childhood up to the
present time. 'I'here are not now, nor have
there ever lieen, the slightest differences in
their family cir business associations; and the
result is shown in great industrial enterprises
carried on by them in all the harmony and
smoothness of .i single master-mind. If thev
were to express an opinion as lo the reason
loi their siic-cess in life, lhe\ 'A oiild cpiitc likely
atlribule it lo the strong laiiiily lies 'vliii h
ha\i' mule lliem all wmk together >\ith the
_ieatcst /cmI anil li.irmoiiv. ( )wing no doubt
lo the trait of ch.ir.ic tc'r cK\eloped so fully in
their lalernal gr.iudfalluT, they take a lively
interest in the .St. Lawrence Ri\er and Thou-
sand Isl.md Ste.imlioat Companies. They fust
deMloiKil ,ind c (insolid.iied .iiul systematized
the l.irge tourist and gener.il traflic on the
upper re.ic lies of llu' noble ri\er. Tln-y li.ue
c irned over 5.000,000 of people on their
ste,iiiiei>, and neVcT wet ,1 foot or injiirid a
p,ls>engel. Thi^ reliiai k.llile record is .IS
iiiii(|iie as ii i, I rcclit.ible lo llie safe and wise
manlier in which this v.isi human c nninierc i-
li, IS been c ,11 I led oil lor so lU.LlU Ve.irs. No
cApeiisc' or p.iins .ire spared to s.ilelv .ind
siiii.iblv 1 '|uip .md ni.m thc-ir passenger sleani-
ers, ,ind their n.inic-s ,irc- .m .issurance ot
llioughtliil ,iiid ccimpc-teiit iii.m.igcaiic'ul Imni
dec k hand lo c .ijilaiti. ( >f the three brothers-
each with special c h.iractcaislic s i;, a bu-iness
\\.i\ — lleiir\ Icilger is perhaps ihe l»'^t kiiown
oillside of the immediate business- in.lil.igeluelU
111 .Old .ilioiil kmg^lon. lie genei.ilh repre-
sents the linn ill all oiiiside 111. liters, lie- is ,i
geiillcnian of fine ac 1 .mipli -hiiienl--, aiiil a
gre.it lover ol books. Hisciicleol Irieiiclsin-
c liicles m.my of the le.lcling public niell of the
liomiiiioii ; lid Cif the Lniiecl St, lies, and he- is
highlv respected bv all. 1 1 is -eni'roiis inlirests
in ilic- poor .md iiec-ch ,ire siuh as to ende.ir
Iiiiii to those who aic- lamili.ir with his imos.
tent It iolls c h.irities. lie ill--likes notorielv of
.inv sort, .md his modest hi nel.ic tioiis .ire
in c iiiiseipieiic e iu-\er heralded .ilioiil.
The following iiilerc-siing sketc h from tlie
( )ttaw.i " Cili/cti," a le.lcling ( '.in.idian iouni.il,
published .it the capital of the Itomiiiiou, in
speaking of the rumor lh.it lie w.is to be .ip-
pointed to an im|iort.int position, s.iid :
" riw KinusiDii .News aniiomut's that Mi. ilci.rv
I'nlucr, cif lli.it aiuic'iil c il\, is to lic! :i;iiiiiiiit 'il ^;c'iic--
i.il niaiianc'i >>( llic Keliclic 11 \ <»iilaiii) .N.ivi;;.iiiiiii
< 'iiiiipaiiv. Mi. I'ol^jcr is a iiniiilicr of llu- tiiiii of
f'liluc'i Unillicrs, wlm luiitinl llie ;;.is, clciliie li;;til
:micI sIT'cI r.iilway c(iiii|iaMies in KiiiKslcui. who ciwti
llic ishiiicl fcnii's lIuTe, aic |iiiiici|)al sloe kholilcrs m
Ihi' St. Lawrence' Kivur N.ivigalion (Jeiiiip.iiiy, aie
4
.
"'IT
I
': :i
I
Mm
. ill
Mi;
Till-: ORH'.IX OF rRIXTIXC ON THE SHORKS OF TIIF ST. LA WRFXCF. 335
•*
largely cnj;.i);cd in mining in the coiinly of Fronic-
nac, and manage the Kingston \' Pembroke Railway
as representatives of the Kliiwer interest. He is a
particularly shrewd and capable business inan, far-
sighted and sagacious, fertile in resources, with tact
to win men and talent to govern men; possessed,
moreover, with the genuine Yankee spirit of restless
inlerprise. Should he assume the management of
the Richelieu Ctompany, th'! great opportunities
wliich that organisation possesses of attracting travel
to the splendid and une(|ualled water route down the
great lakes from Toronto to (Juebei' will be devel-
oped to the utmost, and a new era will open up for
the travelling multitudes as well as for the stock-
holders. Mr. Folger is known in private as a wit
and epigrammatist, and in i)ublic as one of the most
brilliant after-dinner si>eakeis in I'anada. lie pos-
sesses a taste for literature and an acipiaintance with
the best authors, as well as discriminating insight
into their work, which are seldom met with in such a
sharp and energetic man of allairs."
Tliis liit^h loinmendation was merited, and
is re[)ro{luced in tiiis connection :is independ-
ent testimony of a valiial)le kind, as sliowini;
tiie esteem in which lie is hekl b\ tiie first
authorities in tlie cuitnty where he now resides.
Several years ago, \\.\S. Kolger, tiie senior
lueinber of the firm, distinguished himself hy
tlie vigorous manner in which he resented a
discourtesy to the American flag in Canada.
It is the special aim of this member of tlie
firm to watch every minute detail of the \ari-
ous businesses in wiiich tliey are interested.
Cool in judgment, keen in iiis knowledge of
men and affairs, and of wide resources in a
business way, the senior member is a rare
hel[)er in all tiiat pertains to their pubhc enter-
prises. l''red I'olger, the youngest of the firm,
combines the good qualities of his brothers, is
very poi)ular, and has ability of a high order.
If he is less-widely known than his brothers, it
is Only because he is younger, for in all higii
business ec|uipinent he is their peer. He will
not fail to bear aloft tiie linn's banner of
untiring /eal and un(|uestioned integrity, so
long as he is spared to do so. This strong
trio of brotiiers liave made for themselves, l)e-
fore the cliiiuictericof life has been reached, a
good and famous name and history worthy of
emulatif)n, and an honor to the environments
in whi<-h their business lot and livt'S ha\e been
( ast. 'I'iieir e.xaniple is worthy of tiie highest
praise. A. n. s.
THE ORIGIN OF PRINTING ON THE SHORES OF THE ST. LAWRENCE.
l:v J. I,. Ill i;Kur NKllsiiN, M. 11., k.
IN the year 1749 a learned Swede, I'eter
Kalni, professor in a Swedish l-niversity,
a disci|)le of tiie great I.innaeus, visited the
United States and Canada. He informs us,
in the interesting volumes of travel which lie
subsequently published, that tiiere was then
no printing press in Canada. He was told,
though, that at one time there had l)een one.
This bit of information appears, however, to
have been not in accord with fa( t. Ralm
adds: "AH books are brought from I'rance,
anil all the orders ma-' • in the country are
written, which extends n to the paper cur-
renc y. 'I'liey iiretend th.a the press is not yet
introduced here, lest it should lie the means
of pri)|iagating libels against the government
and religion. I'lit the true reason seems to
I . A., HI 11 M'N srui.l IIS (.KM'KAl .
be in tiie poorness of tlie count r\', as no
printer < ould put olf a sufficient niiinber of
books for his subsistence; and another reason
may be that France may have the profit aris-
ing from the exportation of liooks hither."
Wliutcver the cause may liave been, and all
seems to indicate tliat reasons of state policy
were the true cause, a public press was an
absolutely unknown quantity in Canada from
the foundation of Quebec, in 1609, until after
the conquest by the liritish arms and final
cession in 17^13. It had licen very different
over the border in the New England provin-
ces. \\ itiiin twenty years of the landing of
the Pilgrim Fathers a press had been estab-
lished at Cambridge in 1638, by Steven Daye.
.\t first, and for many years, small works of a
./ .'.('/ \ / Mk I'/ /■///• > /-. / /;CA7.\(7 h-/r/ h\
i 'i^i^
itio
( ioilh 1 liai.M Il'i wrio il^ oiilv ontimi. (ii.iiln-
ally inittiT^ ol .1 mnir wdililly n.itnii' writ,-
siTvod li\ II. liiii 11 w.w not uiilil 1701 ih.il
such .1 M'( 111 11 olijn I .1-. a iu'\\ s|i;i|ior in.iilr 11^
apln'.iMiu c. anil mrt willi suliii ii-lit |iiililii
Mi|i|i()il ami apprfi lalion. It is bilicvi'd thai
as (• iiK a> 15 J5 a iniiitinjj, pruss was opcr.itfd
ill lllr cilN lit' Ml \ii o.
Well, in tlif \iar 1765 — it hcini; made
knuwii to till' wdild that Canada \va^ to lie
irri.'\ III ililv attarlu'd to ilir lititi-'h ( 'rnwn
it ociuni'il U) OIK' Willi. nil Jtrnun, a ynmv^
printer in I'hiladelphia, tlial Canada inii;lil
lie a new Ik-Id uorlh tr\inj;. ( 'anada wa^
still under inililary rule. After a short 1 m-
rcspr)nden('e with tlii' then ('io\ernor (ieneril,
James Murrav, Inr llie douMe purpo-e ot
makini; ^nx' that his srheine wnuld noi oiil\
he perniilled but favored li\ the .illlhorilii >,
Ik" ilid noi hesitate to put his small savings
into I he \ e 11 1 11 re,
Willi 111) llrowii, like so many other leaders
a'lionn men, pioneers and lienef k tors of their
\\\(^:, was a native of Sc o'land. lie was lioi n
i.i Kirki uill)ri:;hlshire. prosiine ol (lallow.u,
in I7S7- lli-- father. J ilin Itrown, ua-- laird
of Nunion, 111 the parish of Tu \nliohii. and ^t
l.aiv^lands, 111 l'.ori;ue. William, lieiu:; a
vounger son, \\a> miiI to paU'rnal relatives in
X'irginia, to 111 ike his fort 11 nc as liesi he ( on Id.
Ill 1.S51 -.' -5 we lind him ~tud\ini,' the c la^sii >
and inalhemalio at William and Mar\('ol-
lei;e, in William>liiirL;li. The \ear followiiii;
he had entered a counliiiL; hou>e .i^ 1 lerk, lail
soon there came the se\ en-years' war; the iK'-
feat of ISraddoi k at Mommgahela was fol-
lowed l)v (ommeiiial di->lo(.alion and a liiian-
I'ial crash wliii h lirou^hl an end to llrown\
incipient career a> a hank clerk.
Cneinplo\ed, stranded, and with hut slen-
der means in hand, \iMing Hrown hetliouglit
liim^eir of a trade, uliich possessed greater
elements of stahility than hanking in those
tempeNtiioiis lime-.. The printing hiiiiness,
moreover, seemed to him congeni.il. He a( -
<:ordingly directed his ste[)S towards IMiihulel-
phia, with a view of there acipiiring the art of
jirinting. lie lir>t served as ap|irentice in the
cclelirated eslahlishmeni ol William lliadloid.
wlliili then existed il the comer of Hl.ii k
lloi^e .illev. Il i> tradition, il, Iiouimi, that
he liiiishcd hi-, liiiie vvilh I'lanklin iV llall,
then piihlisher^ ol the reiin-,\ h am 1 (i.i/etlc.
In i75Slu'liad li.m^leired hi-, si r\ i( e-, to
Willi. un I iiinkip, a print- 1 u ho » ,is ,iKo 1 ir;;eK
interested in hookselliiig. I'liiiLip Ii.hI m.ir-
rieil ,1 rel.itive of Hi-ni.iiiiin l r.mklin's u ile,
,ind through this f.imiU connei lion Ii.kI re-
<enllv heen ap|ioiiite(l postm.l■^ler ol I'hil.idel-
phi.i. In I 7(10 he u .11 lor , I -liorl tune paiiiur
to J.ime>. kivingtou in the hook--,elllhg hiis:-
ne^s in New N ork. 'I'heir hook store w.i^ at
the lou er end of W'.ill -,1 icel . II row 11 soon wilh-
dleU, rclllllUcl to I'iul idelphi I, .111(1 liigetlul
with .1 liephiw, lolin lliinl.lp, iiei.iliie hii^i-
111-11 ni.in.igers ol the ekler |)unl.i|i's i on-
1 em. In tli.il i.ipaiilv w-e I'liid him iieM
reiiding for two \e.irs in riiidgetoun. I;,ir-
hadoei, w-inding up .i hookielling ,ind punt-
ing eiilerpriie wliiili |)i|iil.ip had theri-. Il
w,!-, oil hii return Iroin h.irh.idoes, in 17(15.
th.ii he fomii-d the prujeii ol Irving his I'or-
lunc in ( '.in.id.i, I le ■>elei ti-il .!■> p.il tiler oiii-
I'hoiii.ii (iilinore, .1 native of the north ol
I rel.iiiil. 1 rt-l.itive of I )iml.ip'i, w ho geiu-roiish
liiil-iered up the venture of his two voiing
liu-ndi to the i-\tenl of^'.j^^o.
< >li till- <itll .if August he left I'hil. idelphi. I
lor lloitoii. lie iiilorms ii-,, in hii " di.irv, "
ill It lie met with di->.ipp()inliiK-nt in not lind-
ing lli(-re .1 veisel hound for t^iiehei . Ile
li.id no 1 lioice left hut to |iiiriliaie a liorie
.iiid 111. ike his wiv as he-sl he ( oiild ti.w.irds
(Jiiehec, vi,i Alh.iin, Lake ( 'h.imiil.iin, Moii-
tre.il .111(1 (low 11 tin- St. I,.iw reie (■ to <,>iiehei .
Iliown'i di.iiy il ri-plete with dt-lails of ihii
iournev, now of gre.il interest, hut sp.u e pro-
liihils (piotatioiis. While lirowii was pro( ei-d-
iiig overland, (iilniore w. is sent to Loiuhui to
pur( h.ise the pri->i, tyjie and p.iper for the
new (^lichee printing ot'tice, the whole to he
hronght out hy 'he lirsl vessel the following
spring.
Mrowii, ,ilier adventures whii h would he
well worth repeating, fiiLilly re.u Ik-i1 (^)ui hi-c
on tin- jolh of Si-|il(-inlK'r, i7''i,;. 'I'lu- ensu-
ing .iiitumn and wint(-r moiilhs he devoted lo
perlei ting himself ill the knovvh-dgi- of |''reii( h.
«F
mp
«.
////. oA'/i,/y (>/■ /'Avx/vxi; (\v r//r >7AVvV;> o/- ////•; s/: i. iwRiwcr. v>9
r,inv,i->'-inL; im- siilis<'rilii'is. ili-,tiiliulinj^ liis
|ir(»s|)u( tiis, and in.ikinfi tliinj^s ri'udy for tlic
in-.l,ill.ilir)n of iln- pn-'ss. Wn Iku' si-ciiri'd a
small liuii-,r "m I'.iilmii siicrt, in tlir Ujiiicr
Town, ,1 liillf .ilin\i> tile l!ish()[i's I'.il.uc."
(iilnioir ,iriivi-(l i.uly in June, with :i hiand-
ncvv lijiid press and cxcclK'nl type, uhiih he
h.Hl secuieil finn) Kenri( k I'ei k, (jf Lfindon.
lie was ,dsi) pinvided with a su(ti( ienl sup; 'v
of paper, ink .md oilier necessaries. CJn the
J I si of June, i7''4. the t'nsl niiinlier of the
l,>uel)ee ( la/ette was olfered tcj the puli'ir.
It will thus he seen that to these <;iti/ens of
old i'liiladelphia i-; due the honor anil jilorv
of h.iving planleii the firs; press in iN si,tei
( olony on the shores of the St. I.awreme. in
ihe now vasi and prosperoii-, I loniinii Jii of
(' Hilda. ,\ word of the worthy Willi, nil Dun-
lap, rraiiklin's relali\e, who was in a wav ihe
sponsor ,ind finaiK iai hacker of IWoun .nid
(iihiiore's \'enliire, mav iiol lie out (jf ]i|a( e.
I'ly tr.ide lie had hecai a ioli ] nin I er, Ixiok seller
and p.ipei 111 luiifai turer, and, in i;;'^, sU( -
I esMir to Willi nil li.mklin a-- postni.ister of
I'hil.uK'Iphi.i. |)iinlap had aUo a i>riniiiii;
and bookselling' e^Iahlislunenl in I'larhadoes.
lie was also interested in the jiarliadoes Mer-
< iiry. 1 1 is ai^ent there wa> (leor.i;e I'Ninoiid,
who so nej;lei ted his p.itioii's inieresi ih.ii, in
17*15, hunlap had to f;o there liinisell', and
there he spent two ye.irs m vain attempts to
olit.iin a -.ettleiiieni of hi^ alfaiis. Wliih- in
r>lidj;etown, altlioiij;li .id\Mni ed in \ear•^, he
decided to devote liim^elf to the ministry ol
the Chiireh ol' l'',ni;land, eommein cd his then-
logical studies, .\nd, in ij'i;, went to London
to he ord, lined. He then returned to i'iiila-
di'lpiii.i, his wife liavin-, nuanuhile, lieioiiie
insane. John I >unlap, his nephew , took c harne
of the interesis whii h he still retained in the
l'liiia(lei|)lii,i ]nintiiiL; and liookselliiiL; est.ih-
lishineiu. This firm contimied to furnish sii|>-
jilies of printiiij; paper, slatioiierw eti ., to
jirown an<l Ciilmore in (Vi-li 'c until the oiii-
lireak of the Ri'volutionar\' war. These ,i;oo(ls
were usnall\ fiH-warded to tliem liv sailing
vessels \ ia tlu' (lulf of the St. I.awreme.
I'liil they looked for more th.m inert siipplie-^
from riiil.idelphia. I ipiote from ,1 loii^ h.ilf-
liusiiu's-., li,ilfalTe( lion, lie letter uiiiteii li\
lirown to the Re\ . Wilh.im Duiil.ip, on .\|.m1
.•<> .76,S:
"* * ' li.iv inn ln'in limn I'liih.ii lasM'd ivitli C.iri.i
ili.Tii Hms.isiiH Ilia! stM\,iiits alicim ihr I'nnmii; ( )lli(:e.
will) will 111)1 cny.iuc for ,iiiy cniisider.iMc tiiiii' ,iii>l
as somi as tin y lunl llieiiiselvis useful .iiij>lliiiii lln 11
wanes ami lierDiiie mlnlei.ililv iiisnlciil. ivr .ur.il l.i^i
I HMie 10 a KesiilllliDn n( |I\ iMi,' 111 i;r| ,1 Nix'rn liu>,
wlieiefori we lit'K yon will I'lule.n cmii Id imih ll.isi-
uMe liir lis, liclweeii 15 ami io years iiriij;e in in pul In
I'm ^s, will) li.is liail llii- Sm.ill f'ii\, Is rounliy lioiii
.mil ciii lie rii oiiimemleil fill his lloneMv; wewniild
Mill liiHiiulne .1 [irelly yuod I'liic for siiili .i likeU
.\ci.'Mi (ir if VDii slioidd lie i 111- 1 ill rd in |mii h nh \niii
Itnv I'll, nulls we unuld lie uki'l I" liavi hiiii and
wniilil lie nl.id 111 t'ive wli.il would lit: iudyed a
II isnualile |iiiie for liiiii. We piay you mav lr\ and
I'lni uu' us nni; sn llial lie lll.iy le.u li us lieie 111 llic
t.ill; ami as snnu as you shall In- rerlalii of liiiii iir
'lileimiiied In [Mil Willi yniir nwn we lny \in\ m.iv
Inns, m> I'liiie in ai-iiuaiiiliun us nf llir I'li. e. wliiili
wi- will imaiedialelv leiiiil In \()u nil .1 HmI on York
isic I as we shall kii|i the . ,isli le.idy Iill we hear
frmii ynii. Slinuld il lie Ino lale for an o|i|ioiiuMilv
liniii I'hil.iil' I ;an.i llieie h.is alw.iys lurn v( sscl-,
Imm \'ipik ill \u,:us| and Si;aii. ,iml we dniilil iml
lli.il III! le will 111- ihis Viai. ■■■ ■■■' *" Ilia I'. > hi'
.iilils: •■ 1( yiu .lie sn lucUv as m yet us a .\i),'ii>.
Iiifnii- Mill eiiiliaik him we Ihj; he Iliav lie /;/.//;.,/."
Willi, 111! hunl.ip evideiith took ihe most
kindly, e\en f.itlurly, interest in his two pro-
le_:;es in (^Mieliee, jud^inL; from the many ielters
he \\role tliein, sever. il of whic h ,ire in iiu
possession. .A son n.imeil Toiny appe.irs to
h.ive lieetl ,it this period with the printers in
• Jueliee, for he more th.m onre refers to liim.
I le alw.iys suliserilied himself, "I ,iin, de.ir
Hentleinen, N'our .ilfeetion.ite W. Diinlap. "
His ( (intldenee in them w.is not mispl.u (.il.
for tli.it very \e,ir they rep.iid him in full his
.uKanec of ,{.150, with interest .it six per eent.
There beinj; none or few rej^iilar banks in
existence in the N'orlli .Ameiie.in pnuimes,
remittiiii^ money was boih ,1 dillii ult .md 1 ostly
111, liter. ( )piiorliinities of pun h.isiiij; a bill
ot exchani^e on ,1 good, solvent liriii or indi-
\ idii.il were few ,ind f.ir between, .\boiit this
lime, 176S, W. hunlap severed his connection
\\\\\\ business to become reclor of the [larish
of Str.itton in Km,i; and (^)ueen's eoimty, \'ir-
uini.i, while. I presume, he ended li- varied
e.irtiiK- ( .ireer.
; I
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./ S(Ui/:\/h' (>/■ riir sr. /.iii-k'/-:\c/- kii-fr.
I'«rn\vii .V CiiliUMrc Ii.kI < .ili uLiinl dh ,i
silliM ri|itlun ll-t (il ;U Ir.i^i 150; wlicll tlu' lll->t
nnml)cr .ipin-Mri'd. unU wo li.id ^imii in llicir
n.uiU's. ( u'McimI Mhiimv miI.x rili'd for ini
iii|iics aiiil iwu dill. I iiltiri.iU live r.ii l\,
AtiiiiiiL; lIu'M' Mil iMiiiis iitit iiiiirr ill in ,1
(I'l/rii I'liiii li n.iiiii > (111 1m- iDuinl. iiiii>i nl
liir^c uorc )iiU'^i>. riu' |i,i|ht wis |iriii|i il mi
aliilin sluTt, uiih r.iMi i|iiiiliK'-i iihiiiiii I'.il;"'^,
iiiU' ( Mliiinn liriii4 I'.iiL^li^li liic ii|i|iii^iir (iiu- ,1
li,m>l.iii(in iiitii I mil h. A 1 \'.\ ut' th,' km.il
Anils llClilcil !hi' |i.l|'l r. til iillr ~lilr III ullli II
W.ls llic lilir. " I r (^>'|i jiri ( i.l/iilr, " » 111 ir nil
IIk' nlliir u ,l> llir I'lilli ll tilli , " I ,1 ( i.i/illi clr
(^>iiclu'i ." \! llir tun; 111' tlir rmiilli |il^r u.i^
till- I I ill i| ill. nil •. " (^)iicl'. I , I I llitcil l.v I'.i. i\\ 11 ,\
(■.iliii.iii. .It till- |irintiiiL; .iHiir 111 I'.nl.iiii
Stl'CTl, 111 the I'lijii r 'I'lin 11, I liltlr ,lliil\i- llir
Hisllop'-. |i.ll.n'c. u liiTr smIim I i]itiiiii-^ I. if llil--
li.iprr ,ilo l,ikcii in: .iihi 1 : i-.i'iiicnl> .i| 1 iihkIi-
iMti' K'liijlli (in our 1,111^11,1^1-) iii-.i-riiil I'nr I'l^i-
sliilliliu'^ 1 1,ilir,i\. ilii- rii-~l ut-rk aiiil iiiii- -^liil-
lilli; i-.ii ll Wrik ilti-i; 11 in Imtli 1.iiil;ii,Ii;i-s
-.i'\i'ii -^liilliiiiis ,iiiil --i\ |i(.'ii( I- ll,ilili\, llu-
Tir^i \M-.-k 111. I !i ill ,1 (J. ill, 11 I ,i< ll \vi-.-k iH'T;
.111.1 .ill kin U III |iniitin- ilmii- in tin- nr.it. ^l
111 iiiiii-r, uiili I .in- .nil! .-viiriiii icm." |i ,i|.
]ic.iii-il mil I' .1 wr.-k, mi I'linr^iliv ^.
'I'll.' lv\ 1 1 I'li'^t iMi:!--- I I iiilain.-il liiii-i_;n I'iiiiii-
lu-.in lu-u -, --i-Klmii li->-. til. in ^is \vi-ik-- nr lun
lIKintlls 111.!; nil .l^imi.ll itt-lll-. lil.ltill^ In tin-
iHMi:liliniiim l'iii\ini IS ,111.1 .-Ml, 11 I-- li..in tli.ir
in-w |i,i].i r- : ilicii Inllnwiil -i.iniv .illiisiniis
to iiKitli-r-^ 111 111! .ll inhirst ; ih.- ilmil .m.l
fmirlli |i.i;;<'s wrli- filliii uilli nltiiLiI pini-
kiiiMlimis. l;ii\ . rnniriii .iinl piix.iU- .iiImiIim--
liit-nt-. iii.inv lit ui.irli inn\e\' iiirimis .mil
iiniinrlaiu iiilniin.il imi. Ili.iun .i|i|n-.irs to
h.nr lii-(-n tlu- liii-~iiK-ss Iu-.hI -cilitnr and
niaii.iL;cr — of tiir (hihi-Tii; lir .in.l ('riliimri-
li.nl i-\idrnth- ln-cn Ir.inu-d at an r\i rlK-nt
S( linnj ; w iliiijs-. the I ori'.i Iiu'Ss and iu-aln.->s
of l!i.-ir work. Uf.iun u.i-. tin- rs-^riir.- .it
rr;;iil.iril\' .ind jUfcisinii in all lii-> work; lii^
di.ifx, his letters, lii^ ol'tii .- 1 ks, d.ninL; fmni
his arri\Ml in C.in.uLi until his death, detailing
every liiisiness ir.insactions i\\ the |irinlini;
office .md ever\' item ol his own |iers.in,il ex-
pense"- from 1765 to ij.'si^, .ire written most
< irefully 111 rmiiuled hand; they are .ill pre-
served ainonu the 1 olleeiimis of liie wriler of
this sketi \\.
|!ro,uIsidi-s. |i.implileis .md sni.dl \iiliimes
s. inn tollnuecl the ,ippe,ir.mi e of the " (^liieliee
li.i/.tte:" the lirst w.is the " rK-si-ntnieiil "
ol the rii-.t ( 'iiiidi.m nr.ind ini\-, ,, sm.ill
.|ii.irto ol foity-l«ii p.i.ui-s, ,in iiiiporlant and
iiniipie doeiitiuiit; hnl one i opv is ktiown to
lAist, ,iiiil th.ii Is to lie fmiml in the writer's
I nil. 'I til HI. 'rill- si-roiid volume w .Is " 1 ,1- ( '.iie-
. Iiisine dii I »iii(ese de .Sens in 1 7'>5 ;'' a iiniipu-
I np\ is ill ihe possession of the I loiior.ilile
I'lilL^e li.iliv ot' Mnii'.re.il.
\ luiimis .Mill now e\( essiv il\ r.ire lionk,
I'lmli-il li\ r.imvn .V tiiliiinre in 1767, is the
" \.-iiii.i-I riiiui," .1 sill. ill .S\i). i\\ ijli \\A'j,cs,
pimti-.l with i;ie,it III -itness ,ind linetvp.- liiit
eiilireU ill the M.iiit.iL;ii.iis l.mu;ii,ii;e. It is .1
pr.i\.r iiiink, I .iti-c lilsiii, i-ti., ( ninpnsi-d tor
tl.e liiiliiiis iif the S.ii^uen.iy \.llli\ li\ iheir
' eleliriled ,ind s.iiniK m:ssionar\', l-'.illu-r I..1
I'.lnssi-, ,1 jes'iil, whose lile-unik and d.-.lth
111 the siiluei t nf iiinr. ih.ili olu- lej;end, re-
pi-,ili-i| with ri-\eienie to this d.iv anioiiL; tin-
inili.iiis ,111(1 jii-.is.inis ol the lower St. I,,iw-
liliee. Mis^ M. II liar o| Kinnslnii mil (i.iii-
.111. 1. j:ii-, timili.ir to m,in\- re.idi-i-- under tln-
" 11. iiii lie plume " I''i(K-li., lias re( cntlv reiid-
■ red line (it these I .,1 I'lii isse legends in ( h.irm-
ill;^ velsc, J, ( '. I'illiiii; in his " llililioL;r,iph\
of llie .Mumii |ili.in I .,inj4U.i:;es,'" pnl ilislud li\
the Smilhsiiiiiin liistiiutimi in 1 .^(j 1 , .;ives a
i;.iod description nl lather l,,i liidsse's u lit-
mus .111(1 woiks. Tlu- l.dior ot ( oniposin.,; .mil
re\isinj; the |irn(ils ol' sin h .1 lio.ik must li.ive
t,i\ed t!ie p.itience and titiu- ol the printer to
their \a-i\ utmiisl,\et he ( h.irj^etl liut^/,|; Im
2.000 cnjiies nl () slu-ets, .S\-().
l'.tlo!li;h of tlu- (-.iiK issues of the ( hii ln-c
pr.-ss more umild 1 e.ise to inti-rest the j;en-
(-r.il readi-r. Ihown \ (lilniore remained in
p.irtnerslnp for nearly ten \e,irs when, in 177,^
riiom.is (iilniore di.d, Durini; the two or
three \i-. Us ]Ueie(lin;4 hisd.-a'.li he had been
iin.ilile to withst.md the temptations .itt.-ndin^
prosperitv, he h.ul fallen into loose h.iliits, nej^-
lected his w(^irk, o\ erdr.iwn his Kiouiit -in
f.ii I, h.ul become a thorn in Brown's side.
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Brown conlinucd llie business alone, bill in a
very careful and conservative manner. At
this time much sympathy was felt throuj^hout
Canada for the \'i(tims of the lioston mas-
sacre and their tamilies; subscriptions were
( ollected for the latter. Hrown contributed
X50 to this fund, a very handsome sum in
those days.
Then came the time when the old ]''rench
province was invaded by the Congressional
army, when the citadel < ity of (Juebec re-
mained the last foothold of ICnylaml in Canada.
I'.rown's sentiments of loyalty to the Jiritish
crown and institutions were too decjj rooted
to permit him to sympathise with men whom
he considered to be rebels. He shouldered
his musket and serwd devotedly as a militia-
man, on the walls of liie citv, at the battle of
the3istof Uecember, 1775. when Montgomery
was killed, and \inlil the end of the siege in
May following, when the retreat of ilu- besieg-
ers under (leneral Woosler became ,1 rout.
After the beginning of the siege in December,
1775, all affairs were at a stand-still and the
"(Quebec da/ette " ceaseil to apjiear until the
.Viigust following, when the countrv had re-
covered, to some extent, its normal con<lition.
It was at this time that a second press made
its appearance in Canada. 'J'lic iirinters were
Fleury Mesplet and Charles lierger, both jirinl-
ers originallv from old ]•' ranee. They had set-
tled in I'hiladelphia; there thev had been picked
tip by Franklin who, together with Samuel
Chase and John and Charles Cairf)ll of Carroll-
ton, had been deputed to Canada as ("ommis-
sionersof Congress, for thepur])ose of inducing
the French Canadians to es|)ouse the Revolu-
tionary cause. It was deemed tlun I'Vench
printers would be important factors ir dissemin-
ating tile offers and blandishments of ( 'ongress,
and with tliat object in \iew these two n'en and
a press followed on the heels of tiic Commission.
'I"he Commissioners perceiving their mission a
failure, wisely recrossed the borders, but left
i)ehind their printers, press and materials.
These two w(jrthies first o])ened an office in
(,)iiebec, and their first output was a \olume
of l''ren<;h hymns Soon after thev returned
to Montreal, where they jjrinted several small
works of a religious character. Meanwhile,
Charles Berger disappears from the scene,
lea\ing I'leury Mes]jlet alone to jiroseciite his
trade. He signalized himself, in 177S, by
])ublishing the first l''rench ncwspa|ier in Can-
ada, " I, a Cazette Litteraire," also a small
almanac for 1778 and 1779, both of extreme
rarity. At this time his labors were violently
interrupted; he was aicused of republican
s)'mpathies, seilition, etc.. and thrtiwn into
])rison in (^)uebec There he remained incar-
cerateil in the Recollet convent until the peace
of 1783, when the mother countr\ and her
daughter agreed to live apart. Mesi^let, set
free, lost ikj time in rei riminations, but
founded the "Montreal da/ette," which,
.illhough still extant, had at first a very fitful
.■in<l uncertain iwistence in the hands of sev-
eral masters, \i/.: Mesplet, I.. \: 1. Roy, I'aI-
wartl Fdwards, James Brown a iieplu-w of
William Brown, and others
Meanwhile our friend \\illian\ Brown and
his (^)uebec (la/ette conlinut'd the e\en tenor
of their ways. The large number of lroo[)s
stationed in or coming through Canada during
the war, and when peace came, the renewal of
commercial activity brought sid)scribers,
lirinting orders, and gold into his strongbox.
Previous t(i 1779 annual sheet calendars had
been found amph' sufficient for the needs of
the country. Brown now judged that alma-
nacs would be appreciated bv the ])iiblic, and
that year was issue<l the (Quebec .\lmanack
t'or 1780, the fust of that most im[)ortant
series of almanacs which ( ontinued to appear
year after \ear until 1841. The older num-
bers arc now exceedingly scarce — they are
\alued by collectors at from fifteen to twenty
dollars apiece — all are rare and much sought
after on account of the curious and imjiortant
rei'ords they contain.
William P>rown died suddenly on the 22(1
of March, 1789, aged about fifty-three. He
was buried in St. Matthew's Cemetery, John
street, (Quebec. He had never married. Four
years before his death he had jjrevailed (jn
his widowed sister in Scotland. Mrs. Isabel
Brown Neilson, to confide to him the future
of her son Samuel. Subsequently John fol-
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./ >■(>(' ; 7;. \ 7 A- (>/ ////: S/\ /./;/7>7 .\( / A7/7 A'.
lowed lii-< luolluT. .\lllionn;ii IiuIhi.Tl' Iii>\>
.11 ilic liinr ol their iini Ic's deal li, iIk-v cuii-
timieil Id iii.iiia^e his piiiuin^ business, llie
Ga/.elle, his i;(i\ eriuiieiit (oniiac N, in a wuid,
his large estate, in their own helialf ami aUo
tor the lieiielit (ilUlhiT heii-,in S( nilaiid, foi-
iiidwii had died intestate. Samuel survived
his uiK le 1)111 Iniir )ear->. i [e dieil in jaiiuarv.
179,^ His death was a di^timt 1(j>^ to tlie
Province, for tew men aie tndnweil with uiure
liraelieal and brilli.uit i|iiahlie-< than he had.
Me w.is a jjarlic uhir t'.iMirite at the ('hate, in
S.iint l.ouis and in soii.il ( iri les. II. R. 11.
rriiue i'alward (Duke of Kent, father of
(Jueen X'ictoria) honoied him with hi-, frieiid-
siiip — he was then ( olonel of the 7th I'lisi-
leers in garrison at (Jiie]ie(. It is >,iid th.it
Saimiel N'eilson (ontra<li'd the i old wliich
caused his de.ith while enjo\ ing a i.mdeni sleigh
dri\e with the juim e Andre M ic h.iiid. the
hot.mi^t. mentions him in las memoii> ,i> l.eing
.1 man of siirinising scientil'n att.iinnient s.
The young XeiNon^ showed enti rpri-'e ,ind
push enough, lirst. to found the '■ <juel>e(
.Magazine," in 1791, .1 monilih- i-.-.ue (siune
luinihers illust r.Ued ); it died for want of sup-
port after its third \oliime, -.hoitl) .ifier tlie
death ol' S.imuel; second, to Imy out the -.lock
in tf.ule, pre-<s, etc., of ,1 -.mall riv.d sheet
which h.id been in existem e .1 lew \e,ii^ in
(^hiebec. The) sent ihi^ m.iteii.il ,niil one of
their foremen, n. lined I.iuin Ro\ , in fouiul .i
priming ol'lice ,ind newsp.iper .it New \rk. on
the N'iagar.i Ki\er. the new t ,ipil il ol the new
province of I'pper (".in.ida, in 1 7'),v I hi-
L"iJper ( '.inada ( la/elte or .\mei ic .111 < >i.ii le."
.Vpril i.S, 171;^, w.is th',' result of their eniei-
prise, the pioneer pre^s of the west. l.ouis
Roy, however, left alone to him'>elf, dis.ip-
poinlcil his p.itrons, abandoned his post, and
returned lo .Montreal the ye.ir following,
(i. 4'il1any picked up the work where Rov
had dropped it. and 1 oniiniieil the public.uion
of the L'. ('. Ci.i/ette until its transfer to York
(nnw Toroiiio) in 1799, wlnu'e il u.is printed
bv' W. Waters and T. (;. Simons. Tlie-e
printers |)rove(l une(pial to the task. 4'his
gave John N'eilson, of the (Quebec (i.i/.ette. a
second opiJorlunity of opening a branch print-
ing esl.iblishmenl in l'[>per ( 'anad.i. lie se-
lected for th.it purpose his trusted loreman.
John llcainetl, .iiicl supplied him with ,1 lair
ciiuipiiuait from his ol'lice. Ilennett st.irled
liom (Jueliec ill June, I So 1 . It took him one
month and three d.ivs to re.ich \'ork. On
the jliIi of August he wrote to John Ncilson:
"" ■'■ ■"■ 1 w.iited on the (ioveriior (Sir Peter
lliiiiter.nic k-n.imed lilue Peter), when llisl^x-
c cllency ap]iointed me " King's Printji' for I 'p-
pc r ( '.mad. I.'' and Sin rift' .M.ic I )onell sent with
iiie to tlem.ind the types from mv predec es-
sois. who h.id not the le.ist wind of the biisi-
iies... .Mr. Simons is a \ciung man of siune
.ibilitics, and inuc h believes in \'oik's future,
but il .ippe.us his sentiments were r.ither
inimic il to government. Waters, whom I
h.ne now to .issist nie. is as honest, good-
n.iturcc! .1 tellou .IS I would wish tc) see, onlv
he likc's to Like ;i hearty twist at tlie bottle,
etc. '" "■■■' '■' Simons has .Ic cpiired a genteel
piopeitv since he h.is been in government em-
]i|o\. Old W.ilcis is ,i|so possessed of some."
bcuiiuai took .cvcr the public .iticui of the
I ppei f'an.id.i (i.i/ette. .ind set iinniedi.itelv
.iboiit printing ihe liisi v olume of the " |our-
nils of the Ibiiise of Assembly of Upper
• .iiLicl.c." in i.Siji, .1 ipi.irto of ;,) ]iages. The
"Statutes" followed in i.Soj: a bcaiilifullv
printc'cl "Almanack'' lor i So ^. etc. . etc .; all
whic h .ire of i\c c.ccling scire ity. Ijennett,
iinloi tun.itelv b\ c ontamin.ition, or natiii.il in-
c lin.ition. diiftc-cl into h.diit-^ similar lo those of
liis , Issist. ml. Waters. He neglected his busi-
ness: he' bee a me inv c;lv cd in all scu ts of I rouble;
tin. ill), John Neilscjn, in 1S07-S, h.ul |c) c cune
to \ cnk to (luse in disgust his ( cmnectiim
with the- printing business in I'pper ( '.m.ida,
.\l the end of last century, (1. and Sylvester
Tiffaii)- continued printing at Niagara. Their
p.ipcu' W.IS known as the " C'onstell.ition."
They issued an almanac in 1S03. The other
|iioiieers of ilu' press, on the banks of the St.
I-.iwrence. were: II. .Mvles, who fcuinded the
"Kingston 'i.i/ette" in 1810, at Kingston,
now represented b)' the " D.iily News." The
same printer started the " Prescott Tc'legraph "
in 1S25. The "Hrockville Recorder" was
originated in i cSao.
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lihH:R.\ri[ICAI. SKh.TCII oj-- /. I.. H. .\-/://.S( >.y.
347
i
Tlic |Hi|iul,uion (if bntli Canadas now in-
creased with rapid strides, and witii it innii-
nicrahlr presses and periodicals of all sorts —
some possessed of vitality; others of tlie mush-
room tribe, and t'phemeral in nature, arose,
lived anil vanished in every new villaf^e.
To return to the old Qiiehec press. After
the death of his brother Samuel, in 1795,
J )hn Neilson ((nitinued the publiratinn of the
(Quebec (la/ette. L'nder his editorship and
manai^ement it gained in inlluence and im-
p irtince; addressing itself in its l''renrh and
ICnglish columns to both nationalities, with n(.
serious rival in sight, it became a power in the
land, while, at the same time, it was the vehicle
of government pro( lamations and mandates.
John Neilson was elected to the legislature in
iSiy. and he occupiied a seat in the councils
of the nation until his death. His great abili-
ties, his integrity, his devotion to the public
weal, his ehxpience, his ])owerful editorials in
his i)aper, soon brought him to the front rank
.among the |)ublic men of his day. 'i'hrice
he was deputed to London bv his fellow
( iii/.ens to watch over their interests, and
on one occasion to ])resent petitions for re-
dress at the foot of the throne. He died in
1.S48, aged 7j, regretted, loveil and revered
bv all.
'I'lie (Jueliec (la/ette celebrated its centen-
nial sixteen years after his death, in iSf.|.
Thiily-one years ha\e since then elapsetl, and
the (Quebec (la/ette continues to .ij)pe.ir. Its
last number, now before me, is dated Wednes-
day, May 1, 1895, No. u,,;;!, \ol. c.wiv. For
some years jiast it h.is been practically the
weekly edition of the (Quebec Chronicle, and
owned by the same pro|irietor. it is twc.ty-
three years older than the London Times, and
now one of the oldest newsjiaijers in the
worhl. It may be of interest to the readers
of this historic.il sket( h to kncjw that its
writer has in his collection a complete fde of
the ( hiebec (!i/ette, from its prospectus and
first number, on. June Ji, 1 7O4. u|) to 1850,
the subseiiuent years are unfortunately not
quite ->o complete. Su( h as it is, this loni:
Series ot nles of the s.ime newspaper, covering
nearly a < entury and a half of time, is believed
to lie uni'|ue.
It is safe to ^tate that the precedmg |iages
embody more facts relating to the origin of
printing in (.Canada than has yet been given to
the public by any other writer on this subject.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF J. L. H. NEILSON.
-M. O.. K. 1 . A. , in.i'
Few, if .iny, officers at present in the mili-
tary service of Canada, ha\e experienced suih
varied war service as the subject of this sketch.
-Shortly after graduating as M. |)., he w.is ap-
[loint'd assistant surgeon to the l\o\al .\rtil-
lery in Canad.i, in October, 1S69. In April,
1870, he was selected to form p.irt of the
medical staff of the small aruiv sent under
colonel (now Lord Wolseley), to suppress the
first Red River rebellion. This proved to be
one of the most difficult and arduous e^ [)edi-
tions ever undertaken by British troops, but
attended with comiilete suciess. He re-
mained eighteen months attached to the mili-
tary service in the north-west, volunteering
meanwhile to attend the victims of a frightful
i ' r \' s I R (1 1; X - ( ; I : N K Is .M . .
small-po\ epidemic which raged amon'^ the
Indians on the plains. In the autumn of 187 1,
he was recalled to (!an,i(la to assist in the organ-
ization of .\ and 15 I'.atteries of regular Cana-
dian .\rtillery, and since that lime !;as re-
luained connected with the artiller\- .'^cTvic-e.
He accompanied his corps in several bloody
encounters with the mobs of the ancient
c;a])it.il during the l.d)or riots from 1872-7.
.\t this time he was attached to the .Army
Medical School at Netley, in Kngland. Dur-
ing the Ru.sso-Turkish campaign in the ISal-
kans, he volunteered in the Red Cross
ambulances. .At the close of the campaign
he returned to his former duties in Canada.
During the winter of 1879-So, he spent some
^fi^
! i
\Ml:\-
4
,4S
./ .s(>rr/:v//: (>/■ //// s/\ /.,///•/>■/ \.y lai'iK.
wcL'k^ in \\',i>liin;4iii:i. ■.iiulviiij, liir iijiiiir.ilili' iir;;,ini/iii:;, ('i|iii|i|Mni;, disciplining :nul cun-
iiu'tlic.il orn.mi/.alion ol the I'mtiil StaUs ihuiin;.', to the land of the I'liaranlis tliiM-
Army, then under llio aMc adniiiu^iiatmii nl' n)UL;h, hall-wild ii.ukwoodsincn and lndi,in>,
lliosf war veterans, (iencrals l>. lines ind |jre\i()i;^!\ unarciistdnud to re^lranit or (on-
(.'rane. irol cif aiiv sort ; \et, wiilini si\ weeks of the
In 1884. when it wa-' dec ided lo sele( t tiie i->->iie nl the l"ir>t < ,ilili' order, 4S0 voyaj;enrs
Nile route for the (lordon rijief expedition, were landed in Alexandria, and ten days later
4^- t\
J. I.. HI'UnKT Niai.SoV. l;Si,i., M. D., R. C. a., niai IV si Kr,|..(iN.i;|M.KAL
Lord W'olseley ealled to hi> .lul the hardv they weje at work m the Soudan. After liisar-
Canatiian voyai;eurs to assist the troops in ri\al in I'jgypt, Dr. Neilson w,is attached to the
overcoming tiie cataracts and rapid> of the fir--t field hosjiital. I le followed the troops in
Nile. Lord W'olseley specially selected Col. their arditoiis 111. irch across the Hayuda desert,
Denison and Dr. Neilson, whom he remein- was present at .Mm Klea, etc. 'I'hen later he
bered favorably duriiii; the Red Ri\er expedi- w.is sent to Sitakim, on the Red Sea coast.
tion of 1870-71, for the purpose (jf recruiting, For these services in Kgypt, he was specially
1
Li
Ill'
ill
'■iM
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 01' J. L. H. XEILSON.
351
mentioned in Lord Wnlcslov's dcsii^itchcs, ;is
publislied in tlu' LoiulDn r)lti(i,ii ( ia/ultc df
August 25, 1SS5. Ho uas rcuardcil with llic
ICgyiitiiin war medal witii two clasps, the
Khcdivial liron/c star anil made Knight ol'
the Royal ( >rdcr ol" Milusinu, Inr special ser-
vices gratuitously given to Christian refugees,
who had lied from Khartoum before the siege
( Dmmenced.
Since that dati'. Dr. N'eilson has served in
])eace, cliielly ns medi< il ot'ti( er of the Royal
Military College of Kingston, ('anada (see
page 2iS of this volume), ami of the garrison
of Kingston as Chairman of the Hoard on
Militia Medical Organi/.uion, etc.. etc .
([e lias found lime between his many pro-
fessional callings to follow hi-> natural bent
towards historical research. His library of
hooks, MSS., mai)>, jiortraits and reviews- re-
lating to the history of America, and of Canada
in ])articnlar — is one of if not the largest pos-
sessed b)' any jiriwite indi\i(lual; in fact, it is
ipiile iniicpie. This famous library was com-
menced in I So I, when his grandfather, the late
Honorable John Neilson, of the (Juebec da-
/elte. purchased the greater [lart of the rare
books and MSS. belonging to the old .'esuit
College in (Juebec when it was sold by order
of the CrovernTuent. To these beginnings
ha\e been added the collections of three lives.
We might enumerate a few of the MSS.:
One was written by I'ere Mar(|uette in 1671,
the discoverer of the Mississippi, entitled
" I'rx'ces lUinicae," written in the dia.lect of
the Illinois Indians; it is thouglit to be all that
remains extant of this language. The I'ere
Sylvie M.S. of about 1680, is a iliclionary of
the Montagnais language, and philologically
important, as well as four other old Jesuit
MSS. All the "iVm. lirown (nrrespondence
with I'hiladelphi.i, relating to the origin of
printing in Canada, his diary, and all his
account books from 1764-S9, and the office
books of the Xeilscms and their corres])ondence
until 1S50, containing all their printing trans-
actions; an enormous number of correspond-
ence and letters of ])ublic men, from the be-
ginning to the middle of the jiresent century,
printed, books are a complete file of the Que-
bei (!a/etle from June, I7'i4, to the present
day; fifty. live years of the (Quebec Almanacks
from 17S1 to 1841 — by far the most complete
series known; the presentment of the grand
jury, (^)uebei , 1765 ; the St. imp .\( t, (Quebec,
1765; l.abrasse's Xehiro-Irenui, 1 767; Cugnet's
Laws, (Quebec, 1775; the Traite des Mes-
sieurs. (Juebec, 177.'; the Mohawk Prayer
I'.ook, <Juebec, 1780; Regleinent de la Con-
frerie .Mesjjlet, .Montreal. 1776 (first book
luinted in Montreal); the U|)per Canada
.\lman.ii k, \ Ork, iSoj, together with all of
Hennelt's and Louis Roy's correspondence
relating to the early I'pjier C^anada press; the
• Quebec Directory, i7<)0; the Quebec Maga-
zine, thrc e \ohiiiu-s, 1 79 i-j ; the Hritish-.Ameri-
( ,in Register, (hiebec, 1S05; the Canadian.
1807-10, etc., etc. ; the (U'iginal Jesuit rela-
tions, Cham|)lain, 1619; Lescarbot, 1611;
Sagard, i<\\o; Di'Lact, 1O40, are representetl
by choice examples. To these \alue is added
by the binder's best efforts. This collection
is also exceptionally rich in early Canadian
]iainphlets.
Dr. N'eilson has supplied the press and
maga/.ines with many artic les enibod\ing his
researches: "The Ro\al CaiKidian X'olunteers,
1794-1802;" "The Diary of a French Cana-
dian Ofticer during the war of .-12;" "The
List Days of Fort Frontenac under the I'leur
de Lis," are historical sketches of real merit.
The article on the "Origin of Printing on
the Shores of the St. Lawrence," in this
volume, is from his pen. Dr. Neilson has.
for years, given much attention and labor to
the collection of material for a history of the
origin of the press in Canada, and a biblio-
graphy of the early Canadia printers up to
1S20, and we have reason to believe that his
volume may ajipear before many months.
Dr. Neilson is one of the founders and first
vice-president of the Kingston Historical So-
ciety and for the second time president of the
Mechanics' Institute; he is honorary member
of the Numismatic and Historical Society of
Montreal; of the Societa Araldicae Historica of
Rome; of the Institut de Psychologic of Paris,
etc., etc., form ))art of its riches. Among the etc., etc. He is hereditary Seigneur of tht.
ii
M
I'M;
: :. ! I
I ' I
I ll
.^52
./ si>ri-/:.v/u 01 nil- si\ i..\WRi:\ri. i<i\-er.
Sci-tiiiirv ')f 1 1 111 in I, in the pioMiK c of (,>Mr- .111 ii Ir^ Im ihc '• Krviii.' (Ic I'l h piioi I'^m," pnli-
1„.(. Ills piiv.ilr irsiiliiKc Is Crlciuliiiii.il, lislicd ill I'.iris, "lii' ll li.ivc ntlr.ii led ,ilti-nli()ii
Ncilsdinillf, I'. (J. .11)111,1(1
Hi, iiudu.il -['111 |-c< iif arlidii i^ stiidlv 1 )i . NoiUim is im.issiimin^, r.isily ,i|i|ii n.u h-
liniiird Id ill" iiiilit.irv uiidii- Ills iiniiudi.ili' nl, .1 tii.iii dl ni.inv .uliiui ,iliK' ir.iits ul' i Ii.ii.k -
(h.ii-f. I'ldk-ssiiuMl rr.idin;; oniiicissrs iiiiK ll irr. As ,1 liil.li,i,ur,t|ilu'r lir h. pmlMliU iidi
iifiiis liiiu', lifin- f.ivdird uiih an oi>cn. liliri 1 cMrllcd m ilic (iniiiny. Itdiii liis lil.r.nv
,111(1 indriJcndnU mind iinli,niiiicriMl liy tli:' liivc 1 cmu' llir rMillcnl |iu iiirrs ul Cniiiit
ddi^iiiJlii- Icit liiii^s (]| s( lidiils — new idr.is and i rdiiuaiac and llic Cju'valicr 1 ,a Sallr, uliiih
nrw MK'tluids I'lilist Ills s\iiiiialli\-, and ii I'ds- aii.' rcprodiK cd in tliis vdlimic ; two jiic Iiiu's
s 'ssrd of nu'iit arc add|itcd livliim: iu- lias 1 'lal wmiltl Ik" ditiiiadt Id diiiili( air in Canada,
ihus l)L'((inii' an adrpl df tlu' sysiciii df iiHMli- 1 l.piiiy Siii-rdn-Cirniial Xcilscin's srivin'sin
cine kiidwn as lliir'^rasvian "i 1 idsimclric t'lc field lia\<' wdii tdi- him nicritcd |irnindli(in,
he lias tdi- \cars iiucsiiuaud tlu' ipplicalidn , if l.iil liis real woilli is licsl appreciated hs' lluise
ihpndlisin Id llie ircilnieiii df (crt lin fdinis wiili wlidin he has sersid, and |i\ those who
of disease. I. nder ihishe.id lie ll.is I (intrilailed know him hest.
MTLZAR FOWLER.
Mll,/\1-: 1-'m\\i I 1;. ndw diily diiiilv leliieii.-
bi.Ted liy the dlder ju-dpl,- ..f Jeffersdii . (iimly.
N. \.. w.is lidin ill l-'.dinliiirnh, Saratdi;.!
<(iiint\-. X. \ ., in I So^, .md c ime td I lepaii-
vilK.' ill the e.irly tui'ii: ies wit h his p.iieiils,
Ansdii jduler .iiul Mirii l".sselst\h luwlei.
liis sister j.inc.ilsd aci diiip.inied thciii(she
sulisequently in,iir\iii_' l'.ldridi;e (i. Meriikl.
and lier lirdther jdhn. The f.ithci < din
nicnccd a mcrc.iiiliie lnisiness in I )ep.iii\ ille. .1
new settlement \\hii h had ji-t lieunn to ilc-
\elop its Inmlieriiii; iiitcicsi. This scidemcn'
w. is on the rapids of ( ' il lish I 'n ek. uhii h at
that lime w.is ,1 stream m| iiir 'c. uitii siiiti-
( iciit w.Uer Id ild.it timlur ddun id rs mduili
at 1. . ike ( Inland — nol ,il .ill lesc niMin^ ilu'
j4ie.ill_\' diminished sirc.im il iidw .ippe.iis, .ilicr
having its hanks, .iloii.; il- uholc (inirse, ile-
nuded df limber. Thee, lie df I his 1 aisiiiess
earlv fell upnii Mel/. 11, liie eldest sun, and
when he was .ihuul lueiiU \e.iis ui age he
bore the rcsponsibilit)- df his lather's mere ,in-
lile .affairs.
After some ye.us, wishinj; td evieiid his
oper.iliolls, Mel/.ir esl.dilished .1 slole .il
lirownville, ami went there to l:\e, still m.iin-
taining the supervision of the store at Mepaii
ville. His vonnjicr brother. John, <ilso ( .nie
Id lliiiu n\ ilh as a clerk, ,ind was given an
inha-cst in the bilsiiiess.
At th.it lime one InMiiih df Mr. hnwler's
nil ic anlile business was the 111. iniif.n lure ol
pell! ash Iroin wood .ishes. The tolt'sls 111
bUersd;! cdiinlv fiirnislu'd the didy fuel in
tlidse di\s, .111(1 the pedple iif the country
s.i\-eil their aslu-s and suhl ihiaii to him, and,
iii.i building fdr the purpose, he' (diiveited
these .Ishes into pearl ash, which w.is an im-
]idrtinl .irli(le df I diiiivaae, and found sle.idy
111.11 kel in New \ (Uk.
Siidrilv after csi.iMishing himself .it Ibdun-
\i'ile, Mel/.ir m, lined .M iss ( 'kiriss.i Spi( er, a
si-li iiif Ml. Sil.is Spi( i-r, ol l'er( h Ki\er. .iiul
(luriiiL; their icsideni e iIkuc their twn ( liild-
leii. I'.hlrid.ue .ind Nettie, were born. During
these \e.irs Mel/.ir enl.irged his field of opera-
lions .It Djp.iuville by engaging with Mr.
Ml rii k in the business of gelling out oak
liiiilier .ind I ifting it to the (,)iiebe( market.
In the spring of i.S;^ he moved his family lo
1 1 'p.rnille, giving up the business in lirowii-
\iile, in order tiiat he might give his entire
.iitiiiiiiui lo liie 1 >ep.iiiville ope'rations, and be
wiih his aged parents, while John went to
('livldii in til" interest of .Smith \- ^[erick.
.\l ill, It e.irl} day, Watcrtown was, as it is
1
1
f^
MMi,
t|;|
llii;
m
mmmm.
yo//x X. fnwi.ER.
JJ3
now, tl.c business renter for the surroiuulinj^
country, the only tnctliod of travel being by
private conveyance. It was-.viiile going tiiero
on business in August, 1835, soon after the
family moved to Depauville, that Mr. I'owler
had the great misfortune to have a ])air of
horses, one of whieii was vicious and unre-
liable.
He stoi)i)ed at a liotel, and when it came
time to feed the animal the hostler was afraid
to enter the stall, and called Mr. Fowler from
the hotel, wi.-) at once took the feed-measure
in his hand and entered the stall. The vic-
ious horse, not recognizing his master, dealt
him a blow with one of his forefeet, whi( li
proved fatal in three days. l':verything was
done for Mr. Fowler that could be known,
but the blow had produced an internal
rupture.
Thus died, in the llower of his youth, and
in the midst of his usefulness, one who had
the warm regard of all his business associates,
and whose morning of life was full of promise.
It is remembered of Mr. J'owler that manv
farmers brought their sons to him to edu( ate
in mercantile pursuits, so great was their con-
fidence in his possessing all the traits that
would bring such youths into an earnest and
successfid manhood.
His death, so sudden, so tragii ,d, elicited
universal regret and sympathy. His wife and
her two children remained at Depauville, but
the faithful nujther never was herself again.
A woman of superior mental abililv and per-
sonal beauty, and with a natural refmement
nuu-h beyonil most ,jf those by whom she was
surroimded, her loss wore upon her energies,
and she survived her husband only seviai \ears.
The two children, Kldridge and Nettie,
thus left orphans at the age of nine and se\en
years, respectively, were tenderly ( arcd for by
their grandmolher Fowler and iheir urn le,
lion. I-;. (1. Merick.
Fbidge went Liter to live in the family of
Mr. Hugh Smith, of I'erch River, and after-
wards with his uncle John P'owler until <-om-
mg of age, when he went West, where he has
since lived ^.nd become indentilied with larue
hunber and land mterests in Michigan, Min-
nesota and Canada.
The daughter ';rew to womanhood in the
liome 01 lier grandparents and her uncle and
aunt Meri( k, receiving at their hands the best
educational advantages. She married Cvrus
H. McCormick, of reaper fame, lioth as the
right-hand helper of her husband during his
lite-time, and l.Uer in the atlministration of
his estate (with her son Cyrus), she has been
<alled to bear some of the heavier resj)onsi-
bilities of life.
JOHN N. FOWLER.
TiiK writer of this sketch never had any
personal ac([uaintance with the subiect of it.
For the facts statetl herein he is indebted to
several old residents of Cla\ ton, chielly the
lollowing, vi/.: I'homas Rees, a partner of
Mr. Fowler in some of his business enter-
prises, who made a written statement of fads;
Messrs. I). C. I'orter and Perry Caswell,
members of the M. K. Church with Mr.
Fowler, who was a faithful and substantial
member of that churc h; A. F. linker, [ohn
Johnston and Capt. William Rees.
Thj ■ itlier of Mr. I'owler came from the
eastern j.art of this State ami settled in
l)ei)auville in the early part of this century.
'I'here he engaged in mercantile business and
reaied his family. In time, one of his daugh-
ters became the wife of Hon. 1;. C. Meri( k,
subject of a biogiaphical sket<h elsewhere in
this volume. One of his sons, Mel/ar, was
father of Nettie Fowler, afterw.irds the wife,
and now the widow of Cyrus II. McCormick,
of Chicago. A lady of great wealth, and
whose generous heart anil bountifid hand
have justly earned her a rei)utation, of which
it is no exaggeration to say it is national.
John N. I'Vjwler left Dep.mville in 1855,
and came to Clayton. He purchased the in-
terest of a \\x, Moreton in the old store of
Smith c'v Merick, standing on the bank of the
ii
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', . .-'i
1
h
1
f :•
356
./ st>rr/:.\7A' or /■///•• s/: / nrA'/wc/: av/v;/?.
river, whcii- SiiiiDii I'lrrslnu's store is ikiw
loc.ilcd. Sleplu-n llalu, ,1 < lerk fur Mr.
FowKt 'kv .1 lew MMis, al'lerw.uiN licc.une
liis ]i;.]i:hi- ill llie slmc. Hut Mr. I'"<i\vlei'
CDiild nut I (inriiu.' hiiiisell' to iiu'if sliiiikecii-
in'_;. Tlie I niiiiiry \v. is new and rich in Imtli
siiil and limber. In i S ;() or iS.;; lie |inr-
cliased se\eial liundred aeres of laud Ivini;
;il)out tun miles south of Cl.ision. lu a lew
years this wild land was converted into a
farm, so well iiiijiroved that the County
Agrii ullural Soi iety bestowed on its owner a
first jiri/.e lor his imiiroveme:its.
In i.'s44, Mr. !''owler formed a iiartnership
witii Henry I'sselstyn under the name ot
Fowler Cv Esselstv n. The latter had tor years
been bookkcejier in the lar-e lumbering busi-
ness of \]. li. Meriik, and the business of
Fowler iV I'-sselstya was carried on in ( 011-
jiinetion with his. It consisted of raftini; and
forwardin,^ to the (^luebec market a vast
amount of timber ami staves, broiij^hl to Cla)-
ton in vessels from the shores of the iipiier
lakes, and in ship buihlin.L;. For many years
tiiey built one t 1 fi^ir steamers and sailing
\essels e\erv )eai. All the following; named,
and manv more, were l)uilt at their yard in
I. 'laMon, \i/.; I!iv Slat-. Catar.iit and New
^'ork. The Hritish (Mieen and Hritish I'.m-
pire, desiL;ne(l for usi' down thi- river, were
built by them at I'ort Metealf in Canada.
During much of the time Mr. I'owler was
so engaged with Mr. Merick, he dealt largely
in real estate on his own sei)arate account.
He bought a large tract lying I'ontiguous to
Clavton. known as tin; Lawrence Lands. He
disposed of the proiierty to actual settlers, and
invested the proceeds in timber-lands in the
West ; and, as coincidently, tho lumberinp
i)iisiness of the fiiin was, year after year, ex-
tending fartlier and farilu'r westw ard, there
was a constantly growing necessity to mo\e
the pla( e of business in that direction. At
first a brancli office was opened in Detroit,
lint with Clayton as a Ixise of operations,
Detroit was found to bo an incotneuieiit out-
post with the means of communication then
in vogue. .\nd, more than this, Detroit had
become a city, i.ipid in growth, brilliant in
prosi)ects, and already taking a prominent
position in shi[ibiiilding for the tipi)er lakes.
Cut off from tli.it region by the small pro-
portions of the Welland (anal, and at great
disadvantage in the matter of timber, not to
speak of other imixjrtant items in shipbuild-
ing, little Clayton could no longer hold this
great and enterprising firm. In 1S56 their
Clayton property and business was dis]iosed
of to Thom.is Rees, and they moved to De-
troit. There they o|iened an immense dry-
duck and ship-yard, and continued Innibering
operations in the West, under the firm name
of .Merick, Fowler \- F.sselstyn.
The old accpi.iintances of Mr. Fowler still
li\iiig in Clayton, speak ol' him as a man of
great energy and wonderful enduran<e, a
strict ( hurch member, a public spirited citi-
zen, an honorable man and one highly exact
in his reipiirements of others, while holding
himself bound by the same rule of < onduct.
To him mav l)e a|iplied this grand and safe
rule of excellence and ability — in every sta-
tion where he was known, boy or man, and in
whatever he undertook, he measured fully up
to the reipiirements of the occasion. That is
,1 test which can be applied to but few men.
(J. 11. s.
THE SPICER FAMILY.
S r.\Ni)i\<; well up from the river's edge, on
Hemlock Isl.md. one mile west of Thousand
Island I'ark, is the < oiiage shown above,
built in the wintiTof rSj^-fj, being one ofthe
earliest upon the river. It is the summer
home of Hon. Henry Spicer, for nearly his
whole lifetime a resident of I'errh River,
\. V.
The Spicer family was one of the earlv ar-
rivals in Jefferson ( ounty, and trace tlieii
lineage in an unbroken descent from three
brothers, natives of N'ormandv, who (ante into
1
THE CONblANT READER.
fl If^*
!i
!
iJUlili
Till: SI'ICI:R r\].Mll. V.
.^S9
f
Eiijiland as "gentlemen voluntocrs" with
William the Connuerer. These brothers set-
tled respectively in Devonshire, Warwick and
Rent, HngUmd. The two wlio settled in
Devonshire and Warwick still have descend-
ants residing there. In the 36th year of
Queen l^lizabeth's reign (1594) an account is
given of this family, from their first ''being
ofiicers and magistrates of the honorable city
of Exeter, beginning with the first year ot
iMigland's first Edward (1273) and continr.iii-
to the 7th year of tjueen Anne(i7oS); and
honorable a city, continuing for so lung a
course of years, their estate being also ei[uiva-
lent to their antiquity — they having also be-
stowed a considerable one on the chamber of
Exeter, to uphold its guardian." In 1357 it
is further related that " the HIack Prince (son
of i'.dward II I) catne out of France bringing
with hitii prisoner, King Jolin of France,
whom he had taken a little time before at
I'oictiers. He landed at I'lymouth, and came
to F^xeter, where John Sjiicer was mayor, who
received the [jrince and iiis prisoner with mut;h
''^^*^"«"'^ n\
i;i i-x-rn\F. i(iii\i;r., iii:\iiock 1^1. \mi.
during the whole of these 435 years some one
of the Spicer family was mayor of Exeter. ( )f
this illustrious line "John Spicer" was mayor
from 1252 to 1359 — 107 years, though, of
course, there were several individual "Johns."
In an accurate .iccount of the ancient fam-
ily of Spicers, taken from an original manu-
scri])t extracted from a description of the
County of Devon, A. D., 1714, we learn that "but
few families in Faigland can show such a pre-
cedent of the otlice of mayor of so ancient and
display." It is further related that the " fam-
ily of S]iicers in the times of the three I'ldwards
were jirinciijal officers and magistrates of
Exeter, and were then considered for their
many and gentlemanly qualities and virtues ;
for in those days such men for their virtues and
not for their wealth, were magistrates and
governors, and in all places of trust."
Members of this distinguished family were
in Jamestown, Va., in 16 iS, and in Rhode
Island in i66o. They were also settled in the
lii
s 1
!!',i
■ I''
'i;
360
,/ .S('r;7;.\7A' ()/■ ////•; s/\ /../(cav- ayv-; A'/i/:a\
vicinitN' 111' Stniiiiijitoii, t!nnn., until after tli ■
Revoliitioiiai) Wav. 'I'licy \\\rv liotli (il'lic crs
and iirivnti's in the ('niitiiu'iit.il .\rm\', ami
fouij;ht trom HiihUlt II ill id Saratoga. 'riK'\'
came ititi) New \'ork in 171;-', and into K'llcr-
son cuunly in 1 S 1 j.
■rill-; I'",-si 1 >rNNs.
'I'lu' autlidr 111' tins MiliinU' has had arcr-is
to ]ia]i(.Ts, well authenticated, which shciw that
the l-'.sselst\n fainiU (ecunineni ini; u illi Kiii^;
('l(i\is in ^uo A. 1 >.) were (it the same st(irk
as thiise (it that nanu- wlm came tu Anuiic a,
but the date dl their ariisal in this (cmnliy is
yet nm ertaii).
'rill Cm 1 irN-tM'N-.
Aiidtlier tact he lia- discdvereil, that the
Chiltenden lamilv are related to the I-",ssels-
tviis and ilie I iiwlers. 'I'leimas ('hitleiiden.
a linen weawr, came with his son Isaac into
Anitiica in if', 55 lium Waiipiiii;, in Kent.
l'',ni;laild, settlin:; in ri\iiionlh county. Mass.,
and his descenclants are still tciuiicl there.
William ('hiltenden was one of the ccuniiatiy
of t\ven;y-t1\c-, ^.ithered c hielh from Kent.
Surrey and .Sussex in the South of I'.n^l.ind.
who determined to le.ue their nati\e c ciuntry
and seek a new home in the wilderness of
.America. Their Inst recorded acts as a sepa-
rate ( cimmunity was a covcaiant which they
siu'ned on shiii-l)oard, while- on the passage,
liindinn e.u-h other to ]il,ii,t themselves in
New l'j\L;l.md, near (Jiiinnipiac k. if possilile,
and to lie helpful to eac h citlu-r in every com-
mon work, according to e\erv in, ill's .ihilitv.
and as nc-t'd should rec|uire. Ilesides U'illiam
( 'hitlenden there were twenty four other sign-
ers to this agreement, and, so far as history
has lieeli able to iiulic ,lte, it was solemnly kept.
i'his William Chittenden had several chil-
dren horn to him in l",n;daiul. His wife w.is
Jo.iniKi She, life, who-e sister horothy w',is the
wife of Kev. IIenr\ Whitfield, the lirst minis-
ter and a leading niemln-r ol' the Ciuilford
('olony. The d.ite of William t!hitlenden's
sixth 1 hild's birth is upon the Ci nil ford record,
as of November 15, 1(1 p^ I'ebniary i, 1660,
he died. He was undoulitedlv the ))rogenitor
of the older f.imilies of his name in the United
States, ancl the Chiitendens of ( )neida and
Jefferson county undoubtedly sprang from
this slock.
Joseph ( 'hiltencleii. son of Joseph, who was
de--c ended in a direi t line from the origiiuil
Willi. im. was a^ed <j2 when he died, April 7,
i7c;.p laicv. his daughter, born ,ii Cuilfortl
()ctober .S, 17,^6, married ' U-l/ar l''ciwler,
.March 10, i7<iS. lie w,is the progenitor of
the i'ciwler family in Jefferson county, known
^11 well .It Clavton, ,incl represented in this
hisi(ir\ by the biogr.iphical sketch of John
lowh-r and his brother Mc-l/,ir, this latter
being the father of .Mrs. .Nettie !■'. McCor-
mic k. This f.imily and the I'.sselstyns ,ire
ri-l,iled through the I'.icl that .-Xnson ('hit-
lenden, born i>ec-emlier 1 S. 1 76.S (son of
the alici\ e-named I.iicy Iciuler), married
.Maria l-',sstlst vn, and in th.il w.iv the l-'owlers,
I'lsselslyns aivl Chittenden f.imilies of Jeffer-
son county are related tu one another Ijy mar-
riage.
OKORCE MORTIMER PULL. /IAN
\Va^ born upon ,1 firm in Chautaucpia possessed an unusual cpiantity of what we
coiiniv, N. \'.. March ^. iSji. llisp.ireiits demonstr.ite "grit" or fibre. On the whole,
\vere in moder.ite circ uinstanc;es, .ind able to it m.iv l)e s.iid that his |)rim,ir\ schooling was
give him only the benefits of the local schools, peculi,irly ad.ipted for the life he was to lead,
which were, hcjwever, of good cpiality. His where indeiiendent reliame w. is of more v.due,
home training was such as to aiil him in the coiijiled with integrity, th.in any number of
formation of fixed Iialiits of industry and college di|)l<)mas. .At seventeen, he went to
firmly-settled principles of morality ant! in .Albion. N. \'.. where an older brother was
teiiritv. While not of a large frame, he vei abeadv established as a cibinet-maker. Here
'
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^t' * '■ i-'ts^
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11
11,
1
li/'iu^'i;/: .\f,>h'7/u/:h' nil \i w,
'/'3
he ser\'(.:il wli.it was lo him a mtv im|i()itaiU a tow chillars of his own to liegin business
ai)|)ix'nti(i.'shi|i, Idi- hr KMinnl what ((iiihl lie with. AIkmii a vear Liter an opiuirtunity was
<l()iie nsetiilly as ueli a> (iniaiiuiii.illy with iiresenleii In make an addition to his already
wood and wooden lilire, .\\\t.\ _t;rew into en- steadily im reasini; < apital. The widening ol
larged ideas as to tlu' varied aiipli.mces of the l'',rie canal necessitated the removal of
upholstering. All thi^ was lo he of use lo him many Imildings of \arious kindsiipon its l)ani<s
at a later day ; jjiil with his lessons in taste lo more desirable locations, and the i|ii!ck.
nFoi;(-;r MoniTMKn rrii\t\\.
and the like, he accinired much mlormation
of another kind. He learned something of
engineering and mechanics, and through a
series of minor experiences he accpiired strong
contidence in his own ability tor devising
mechanical ways and means. He prospered
pecuniarily, through constant thrift and in-
dustry, so that upon becoming of age he had
active brain of this rising young man and
future financier suggested a possibility of the
task being easily accomplished. He made a
success of it financially, and obtained an ex-
perience that was a benefit to him in his future
career. Other contracts followed, and for a
time house-moving was his specialty, but he
was also successful in other lines of business.
7W
3^'4
./ .vi/-;7\7A' (V ////: sv: r..n\h'/:.Xi/: Kiii.k.
I w
111 1.S59 :i i\r\v idiM lit'j;:iii In ilc\cl(i|i m lii->
niiiul. .111(1 .1 sfiio lit (.'Sin'iiiiu'iils lollowi'il,
'I'lu' ijiliii.ul >ystriii iit'llii' I'liili'd Stales \v i-,
Vi't III llic lust -.l.i^jrs III its ilrvi.'lii|)liuiit. .iiul
iis iii.ni,ij;(.'iiiunt li.ul Ik-l'Ii in.irkcil 1)\ ihr iim^
|iriniri()iis I'l Diiiiiiu'. Iiii|iii)\riiiciit'' lii'j;.in .11
nine, fur the lir-^l Ainelli.in Inrniiml l\ i , de-
>i_uneil .liul liilill liy Trier ('nn|ier, .11 lillli-
inme, was e^ini ialh' ailapteil In Amrriiaii
riiail>. riie luiiniiive " sliaii-iaii," ^|iil<e(l
U|inii a Idl;, liail i;i\en plare in llie heavy T
riil. The Kiter ears were innre 1 nminrialile.
I'he liiniL'>s (if colisnlillatinll hail bej, in : Inf
the seven roads aern'^-^ iiiiddle !^,'e\v WnV had
liecoiiie one I nriinraticjii, kimun a^ the New
N'ork Central. ( )tlier e\teiisinii> were {^oinL;
on, and sn the davs nl cxpre^^ 1 nlii|ianie-,
tliri)U,i;h-l'rcinht liiie^ and iiii|iri)ved ]ja^M n-er
( .irs Were aiPiiroaeliiiii;. PuriiiL; 1.15s Mr
Tulhiian's alteiitimi h id In en e^pei lalU drawn
In the Iniiii-distaiH e sK'e|iiiiL;-i ar idea. The
sl(_T|)inL; ,11 ( (iiniiind.itinii> all'nrded |M--enL;er^
were liiit enl.ir;^eil 1 n|iie> nl the JMinks mi the
[Lisseii^'er |i,iikets i\\ the l'',rie e.m.il ihrt-e
tier> nil e.ii li side nf the 1 .ir.
The ihnui^ht:- wlii( h lieL;an In ma iiiin.ile
duriiiL; nne lULilit'^ ride nn niic ni the^e |iriiiii-
tive eoarjies did imt enine iiiln si-lit until the
following ye.ir. lie liei^.in .1 series III' |ire-
lirnin.iry ex|)eriineiil^ liy ri-nindi'liiiL; twn d.iv-
coaehes on the t'liicagn and .Minn rn.id. .ind
afterw.ird did the same '<\\ liie i;Ul ('r.iK-ii.i
road. He was a pioneer, .md iiiel with little
eni'ourai;enient. The -leeiiin^-ears wt're iii-
\arialily the inoperty nt the mad tlie\ r.in mi,
and their trips were limited tn their nwn r.iils.
N'o attention h.id l.icen given to the ide.i of
linking long-distance railroading eiijnxalile.
Its discomforts were considereil uii.i\ oidalile,
and reg.irded as a matter of ( nur-e. .\n en-
tirely different ennre|)tiun (^\ the future of
.\merican jiasseiiger transportation li.ul imw
taken possession of Mr. I'lillman. Willi only
limited mechanical skill, lie had acquired a
large fund of varied mechanical knowledge,
much of which was in the direct line of his
proposed invention.
It was not until 1S63 that he was ])repared to
devote himself entirely to his new enterprise ;
,1 shop WIS liireil, .ind under hi> person. d
supervision the del.iils «cie i.irriedoul. It
reipiiied long moiilhs of tml, and the ch.mges
well' r idii .il, Inr he w,is 11 it merely thinking of
show. The pnweil il spring-, reipiired to se-
I lire sie.idiness In the siceping-c.ir w.is an in-
iin\.itinn, and tiie lieds .ind gener.il oiitlil
ueii'lo he as good .is in 1 l"irst-( l.iss Imtrl.
I Inly a f.iint iile.i ol the impro\ eiiienl w.is ex-
pressed hy the f.lcl th.it while one of ih ■■ ild
" r.itilers " ciist y|,noo, ('ir A, the iiioneia' of
the Tullm.in 1 .ir^. i nst ^rS.ooo. 'I'his .ipp.ireiit
extr.iv.ig.iiu (• secured ill, my conveniences and
luxuries as well .is s.ifctv to life and limli.
The improv einenis urie re.ulily .u 1 epted 1j\
the tra\('lling piiMic as ,1 1 nn\ eiiiem c of whii h
it seemed they li. id sn long Keen depriv ed, i. e.,
relief from f.itigiie, pure .lir, s.ifely in Ir, cel-
ling, cle.inliness, rel reslinu-iils li\ the w,i\ —
.mil. in f.ii !. a moxiiig Imtel, rolling o\'er the
rn.id, aeros-, the inaiineiil. This was the
result nf this in. Ill's geniiis.
W'e ll.Ue lint ideipiUe sp.iee in uliiill In
ilesi rilie the iiiere.ise in tiie sleepiiig-i .ir
liusiness wliieli 1 .line In Mr. riiliiiian .ifter
his line ears were put upon the liMilmg lines in
the I'niled St ites. Their iniistrintinn re-
ipiired tin.' eipiipmenl of se\er.il shops. Init
tlie,e wnrks eniild lint keep p. He wilh the de-
m ind. The resiili was his founding ,1 new
tnuii, in the suliurlis i>i (Chicago, and the ( itv
of I'lillm.in has been the result nf his efforts in
tli.it direetiiiii. He ill. Ill liee.imea 1 .ir-liuilder,
fir llie ]iulili( can at anytime have freight,
p.isseiiger nr sleepiiig-cars liiiilt at that
place. The ( ity nt Tiillmaii i overs over
5,500 .Kues K)\ grmind, and there are con-
eentrated all the conveniences of a great
city.
I'misidered linancially, the business success
(if .\lr, I'ullman is hardly exceeded by that of
,iny other living in.,n. Other men are his
peers in r.ulway enterprises or exceeil him in
a( ( inniil.ued wealth, but the distinguishing
fe.Uure of his own achievement is its origi-
nalitv. He s.iw .1 coming demand for the
very best sleeping and drawing-room -car that
coiikl be built, and he developed it by the
very fact of sup|)lying it. During the year
CASIM. KIM, I.I II, M. I'l IIMW.-, k I ^l | il.NI.K.
I
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CO/.. (>. (/, .s/',//7.A-.V.
3^>7
cndiMK July i. .892, the- |-ullman . ars carrK^d the nunncr i„ wl
,S.-'79,,{2o passcnt'crs.
iicli .1 iiieiital picture, ,1 nicrc
'i-i, , . r ,. ,, conception hut yet .1 -eruiin.il tlu. unlit, ari.-
I e shop town of PuHumu an<l the ..alure- ,„« in the unn,l of a ctpahl. nun, n, v he
>o.el-car system. ta!:en together, present ,u, ehnnnate.l ,,n.l pra.ti.ally applied tor the
exreediuKly readable illustration of
the ^,'real la^tiny heiul'ii ot mankind, as well as for the
marvel of luunan life and work ; that is, of perpetuation ol his own name
COL. O. G. STAPLES,
inni.DKU nv Till. ll|or~.AM) IH.AMi ll(»IN|...
ONI.. Of the n,ost marvelous enterprises of under suel, untoward . ir, um.t.mees, and it
Northern New York was the eoiueption of ,„arke.! him as a N.ipoleon of finaiu e
budding a hrst-elass wa.enn, pl,„ e I,,,,.! a, A, „,, „„„ „ ,,,, ,,,„,, ,„ .s;.," Mewn-
^T \l'l.|-,'
AJexandna Bay, and ttsst^cessfnl erection an.l dria Hay was chielly known as the home of
urnishing.byCol O.G.STAP.,,.s,whoatthat A.ariah Walton, the fisherman story-teile
tnne was not worth a dollar elear of his debts, and entertainer of New N'ork celebrities who
Certainly nothing short of the
Highest business came to the .St. I,aw.en<e River for a week or
t,'enius could Im-e accompli.shed the feat so ol outing, disporting themselves^.v alte
;r,8
./ >iirr/:.\7/c c/' /v/a >/'. /..i ir/x/wc/: av/v-.A'.
natc lioiir^ <il' ("isliinL; .mil licarinL; Uncle
A/ariah icU stories. 'I'lic piescnt wurld-uido
celebrity of the 'riioiisaml Isiimls ami the
sublimely placid scenery of llie St. Lawrence
archipelago were no more thou.ght of by the
people at lar-^e then we now think ot niakinL;
;i tropical paradise in tlie .Vdiroiulacks. We
know of only one man who then read i nrrectly
the ^rand fiilure ol the St. Lawren<e Kiver
and its transcendant charms. That man was
(). G. SiAi'i.E>, and with the boUbiess of
Napoleon at the bridge if l,o(b, he took hold
of the enterprise of btnlding and furnishing a
hundred thousand dollar hotel without a
salted dollar of cai)ital of his own, with only
two endorsers of moderate means, and he
would have succeeded in paying for it had his
creditors been a little more patient and for-
bearing. lUit some one got in a hurry and
''lit on him," and that caused the whole Hock
to light down at once. In the litigations that
followed he worsted manv of his creditors,
whom lie would gladly have paid had they
gi'xn more tiuie, and actually saved to him-
self fnllv ><So,ooo of the cost of the hotel
structure and hirnishings, enabling him to
take a lease and furnish Willard Hotel, at
Washington, out of which, during the past
eighteen years, he has made half a million of
dollars— establishing the fact that he "knows
how to keep a hotel," said to be one of the
highest indications of accomplished wisdom.
The opening of the 'I'housand Island House
was the "open sesame" to the beginning of
the present era of the St. Lawrence River
visitations from all (juarters of the globe. It
is umiuestionably the most expansive, the
most calmly beautiful region, affording the most
charming social deliglils, both day and night,
that the round rarth affoiil>. 'I'hat this
^sliould have all been |(>re--een by this enter-
prising vouiig man, i-. ot itselt evidem e of
gcuius o!' ,dmost prophetic order. Ailvertis-
ing the hoicl, nei es>aril_v took in the ri\er
>iener\. The >uc<essor to .Mr. S I'AIM.KS, in
running the Thousand Island House, told the
writer that it w.i< the best-advertised hotel in
the I'nited States. He s.iid everybody knew
of it, anil whoever came once desired to come
again, .ind the thousands that i ame the lirsl
smnmer it was opened told their neighbors of
the grand delights of the region, and the ne\t
vear other thousands WH-re .idded, and so year
by year the throng ^welled. Associ.itioiiM were
organized, islands were pur<hased for jiarks
and ])rivate residences, till now from live to
six thousand people migrate liitheT tor tem-
porary sunnner li.diitation, and not less th m
from liftv to a hundred thousand peojile vint
the region for a week or a Jay's recreation.
The land holdris of these evergreen islands,
worthless for agiiculture, have sold hundreds
of thous.mds of dollars' worth, and if the
islands ha\e not all < hanged h.iiuls, it was not
for the want of an opp(utunity. 'I'he Waltons
and t'ornw.ills, who owned many of them
thirts' \ears ago, are under great obligations to
the genius, entei prise ami th ring of (). (1.
Si \im i:> in concei\ ing. building and adxertis-
ing the 'I'housand Island House — the first
grand step to the consummation of the pre-
sent renown and glory of the St. Lawrence
River region. .Ml Noithern New \'ork, our
farmers, our railroads, our builders and our
furniture dealers have lux'n greatlv lienelited
by the prophetic foresight of the builder of
the Thousand Island House, and his face be-
longs to the history of the section.
'Ak
PICTURESQUE KINGSTON.
y
I'liN |);ii;l's 124 to i,5J willlic found an c--tiiig. ,1^ m.iy \ic >cvu in the ,iMr writ-
articlu ii-lating to thr inland liistniir in^;-. ot Dr. N'riUon, of the Rnyal Aitillciv,
iit\ .if Kingston, and upon Jia^cs j.S to ,5,3 a i^rnlUinan uhoM.' lac i- uc art- \\r\ uhid to
will al>o lie found an inteic-.tinn
and al)ly-\vritlcn .irticlr cnlitK-d
"Canada^ Wr^t I'oinl." With j
these (■ontrihulions ue MiiL;ht liave \
heen expected to sa\ no more about
Kin;;^ton ; l)ut a late \i>it to that I
"ancient and honorahie " town has
■-alisfied u-^ that we had onl\ inst
entered upon the suhjec t of pre- j
senliiiu the cits' of Kinirston in a i
manner worthy of ii^ anc i^'Ut his-
tory and ill jiresenl L;rowtli and
standing;. It has lieen called a
"slow" town, a "finished" town,
but a ride anion:; its modern ini-
lirovemenis, its beautiful private
lesidenc'i'S and public buildini;s
will ileinoiistrate its proper status
as one of the best built and most
progressive towns in Canada.
It has one of the finest and best
adai'ted printing; oltices in Amerii:a
■ - complete in all i.s details, a jiem
in the e\e of a practical printer, i
( >ne of its ( hurches h. is the line ^t
spire between the tuo oceans, a
real "tliinnof beautv," ,nid, there-
lore, a " joy loiever. Its public |
bnildinns are imiiosini; and upon I
a i^r.ind scale of excellence; its
people are hospitable, intelligent,
p.ilriotic . Art is ncjt forgotten,
for it has one of the ablest photographers |)resenl in this vohnne, with one of his latest
(Mr. Henderson) to be found in any c(iimtr\'; productions. ihus mm h we desiretl to say
and its conlribulions to contemporaneous ,i> a prelace for the man\ illustrations whic h
literature are classic, il and unusuallv inter- follow.
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MORE ABOUT KINGSTON.
^Hi'A' Major Durham iircpaicd his c\-
<:rllein article rclaliiiji to moclern
Iviiigstoii (see p. IJ4), we had not then pro-
( iired the line ilhistrations whicii preceiie this
article, and for which we are intleliled !o Mr.
1'i:n-,i;, editor o( the Whi-. We cannot spare
the space for a lengthv description of all the
individual Imililin-s antl \ie\v.-.. whic' :ippear
in this chapter, hut we are lortunal ) being
able to give a soincuhat lengthv account of
Mr. I'l-.N-iV ohice-building just (oinpleted,
and <onsideretl the llne^^t in the I'rovinces —
nideed its wonderful adaptation to the wants
"I a large (lailv newspaper Would make it a
line .iddition to any c iiy in America.
We copy the following from the Whig's able
conteniporarv, - I'en and Scissors," of Toronto.
The writer savs:
"At a time when Kingston rested on its
garrison and il> wealthy men put their money
in banks or mortgages, it was said of the city
that the penitentiary represented its nior.ility
and the news|)aper press its cnterjjrise. While
this w.!s unduly severe on ilie fourih estate,
whi( h has been fairly represenlativL of the
importance of the city, it is neverlheles-, true
that the Kingston papers have made grc.it
strides, still it IS (picslionable if ,niv place of
.-0,000 peo|,le. in an i>ol,Ued localiu. can
l>roduce journals of eipial merit.
" The latest stride has been made by the
' Whig,' which has just entered upon its sisiy-
second year as lively as in the h,>y-d,iy ,,f i'l.
y<Mith, when it was founded with the distim 1
I)Uri)ose of fighting the old Family Compact.
Thirty years ago it was taken in hand by its
present publisher, Edward J. 11. j'ense, at a
crisis in its history. Opiiosition had reduced
it to .dmost its last resource, but it was so(jn
I'tiilt up again to a firm st.inding uid ha-,
never siiue known a diftii ulty. Lnder 1 )r.
liarker, its first publisher, it u as tor thirty-
eight years ,1 journal characterized by manly
■-pint .nid ( ritic al .Kimien, of which the vct-
er.m editor w.is a m.isier. j'or the l.ist twenty
years as a Liberal p.iper it has been distin-
guisheil as a newspaper in the first iilace, and
secondly, tor staunch supp(ui of its p.irtv,
coupled with an independent generous spirit
which made it fri.aids ,,,1 bcah sides and has
led to its uncommon prosperitx. The aim of
the publisher h.is been to show thai honor
and truth can be sustained in ,1 jouriialisii,
career, n, twithst.indinp; a hundred d.nly
templalioiis, just as faithfullv as in ,my other
I"'i\'"'-' '"■ public cireer. Therefcue. the
' Whig" h.is ret, lined the respc t of all ( lasses.
1 he week ending ,:!olh .Mar( h. 1X9;;, was
the lirst its si.iifo, ,ii|,n.,l the new building on
King street. Kingshjn, fronting the public
s.pi.ire. an id.al loiation lor a newspaper,
close to the cit\ li.ill ,ind all city departments,
to the railwav st.itions, leading hotels. p,,.st-
iiIlK e. ( listoin house and I'xpress oltices.
L'pon the loi, ilftv bv one hundred, a h.md-
some building h.is Iu.,:n erected, the materials
"f the liont being Credit Valley stone and
led pressed brick.
"The first lloor is a semi-liasemenl, afford-
ii-.g room for six ( ylmder ju-esses in a row,
licsides half ,1 do/en other machines. The
pinver is supplied by electric motor, with gas
motor as reserve and aiixiliarv pew r. The
furnace room is entirely (iit off from the press
room, as also is ,1 rof)m lor the street carriers.
'I'he main lloor is iv,ich,.,l bv a liall-w.ay twelve
Icet wide with ilnglish iile lor lloor and ony.\
tile dado with einliossed biuch r. on th,' walls.
f. If
\i\f
is
390
.■/ .s-()r/7;.\7A' fV ////■; .w. /..///av-.aca a'/i7:a'.
TI)L' flUr.uicf and Inis k o-^ ( ninhinrd ciiiU spicc for .ill the ■^t.uiiiiK'rv that could
arr in liiii.' wiili tlii lust in the (dim- iK)-.^ii)!y Ix.' icquiri d. 'I'hr rear ol that lloor
tr\. I'hr furniti' . lattrr is nrw in its is dccupinl 1)V the joN piintini; ilcpaitincnt,
\v,i\; ihe counti-'r' jnal ih'-'iL;n) ami ilr-.k^ anil its hiiL;hliu'>s makes it a \i'i\ pleasant
aie nf polisheil (. .ilh i aliinci-. In mati h. unrk rcom. in this deparim ait are to he
The imlilishei'-' v i m u ell-lii: ni>lied and seen not only a very large stork nl' \\\w, hut
I III. KIM.^IiiN ■• W ||]<
M u n"Mr..
Iia^nak mantel and lire ]ihiie nl rid Teimes- the lale-.l ideas in wood caliinets and other
see marble and iron I'lliinns witli l; is lo;^. '{'he < onveniences.
l)artitions, as indeed all the work ol' the build- " 'i'he third lloor is oi i iipied by the news-
ii\^, are in li^ht wooiU oiled. 'I'Ir' i;lass, boili paper deparlmeiU chiellv. The three edito-
in windows and pailiiioiis, is in tin- !ale>t rial rooms are roomy, brij^ht and attr.u tivi',
st\le and u^ed withoiil stint, still there i■^ not ,i prob,d)ly the ple.ls.lute•^t oltices in the city,
d Ilk I inner in the biiildiiiL;. At the b.K k of 'i'he composing room all'iuds i mueniences tor
ill ■ |iublic ollii e is the stock room, with suHi- ^i\teeu lueii and tor three publications, dail\,
cr
! i
\l
,i/f'A'A; Aiuur A/A(;>/(i.v.
m
stini-wcLkly and weekly. On this llour iIkmc
is ,ils(j a large room for bindery, as well as a
Ijimiery stock roorii.
•'On the fourth lloor there is a lod^^e iiall,
50 \ 53, with ante-rooms. Kvery one of the
working,' departments is indepentlent of the
other, all opening into the main hall, so that
they are reached with the greatest facility.
'I'his facility is in( reased hy modern systems.
Warehouse telephones throughout the liuild-
ing, and basket carriers convey copy from
front to rear of the building on both floors.
The system of heating is direc t and indirect,
l)y steam; ventil.itioii is elTected bv a fan
worked by electric motor, which dr.tws the
air down to the itasemenl and e\pels it. The
lighting is by combination gas and electric ity.
An elevator carries type-''orms and other lieavy
materials from lloor to . >or.
"The interior construction is of iron, the
first of the class in Kingston. The ceilings
are all of slanijied iron, in handsome p.iih'ls
and designs. The lloors are double, with
h ird wood polished for upper surface. The
plumbing is exposed, and like the rest of tlie
eipiipuieni and plans — uj) to date. A stand-
jiipe furnishes water for fire hose on each llat
in the h.ills.
"The Whig's large circulation (for a local
paper) has enabled it to prosper and thus
secure comfortable quarters, and few of those
who know the industry of the staff, as well as
the energy they apply to business, will envy
them the distinction and comfort that the
building affords. The 'Whig' may not un-
reasonably claim the handsomest and most
complete newspaper buikling in Canada. Its
descrii)tion may be interesting to other pub-
lishers, as showing some new ideas as the re-
sult of study and practical test.
"The present publisher began as city re-
porter at the age of fifteen, and eight years
later, after managing the pai>er for several
years, [lurchased it for §7,500, entirely ujion
credit, without a dollar of capital or financial
backing. His success has been steady and
substantial. He saw the necessity of new de-
l).ir(ures. and the paper underwent a complete
change. Its identity in journalism became
more marked, its opinions more aggressive, its
political iiitltience more potent .ind direct.
.\s the exponent of l.iber.il principles it is
credited with being largely instrumental in
educating the peojile, so that p.irties became
more evenly balanceil than ever before. Mr.
I'ense, in short, is a born journalist, and he
has, in the exercise of a reasonable .imbition
and by a i>ersistency of purpose, made 'I'he
Whig one of the best papers in Canada. Its
I ire ul.ition and its usefulness have been in-
( reased tenfold; with every de|)artment of the
business he is familiar. In editorial as well
as practical work he is expert. JCverv advan-
tage he has gained is the legitimate result of
energy and ability. In >ome sense, therefore,
lie is a representative Canadian in the fourth
estate.
"Withal, none has led a more active public
life. l''or live years he served as .in alder-
man, and when elected mayor was the yoium-
est man who h.ul tilled the position. He sat
for six years on the public school board, and
was twice given the chairmanship. lie has
served thirteen ye.irs on the Collegiate Insti-
tute Hoard, and for two years as ch.iirman.
lie has been president of the \'i)ung Men's
Liberal Club for seven years; is the i)resi(lent
of the Kingston Reform .Vssociation and of St.
Cieorge's .Society, being recalled for the third
time since 1878; was president of the Kingston
Lacrosse Club for many .'iclive seas(uis, as
well as of sever.d other clubs; is now presi-
dent of the Kingston ,\thleti( Association;
was master of Minden Masonic Lodge in
iS7San(l 1S79: has been warden of St. J.imes'
Church, and lay delegate to the Synod of
Ontario for over fifteen years, and has been
lirominent in church building and in creating
parochial improvements; conducted the nego-
tiations whi< h led to the settlement of the
medical co-etlucation difticulties, and was
l)resident of the Kingston Women's Medical
College, the first of the order in Canada; is a
life governor of the Kingston deneral Hos-
jiital, and while chairman in 1892 and 1893,
]iromoted several new buildings and general
improvements; was president of the Canadian
Press .Association in 1881-2, when the enjoya-
f
X
394
./ si;/ ;/,\/A' (// ////■. >/. /, /// A7;.\( V- A// /-.A'.
1)K' i-\( iii?>iciii mill M.iiiiliili.i iM(iiinil. .iiul |)iiiiii;lii liiin ,1-, .in ,ic in r inwiukii intu ,ill
I'rii^o Sl.iliDii \v,ii ii.imcil in iiirini)i\' u| ihr liir liL'st yiinMli .iinl lilr i>l iii'iiliiii Kmi;>l<in.
\i^il. Ik' has li.iil ,1 uiirkinj; |i.iil in ist.ili- No inovcmrni tluTr « liic li ,i|i|k' lU In ilir lin-
lisliin;; llic lU'vv (l,ii:y and vclciinaiv s( honU, nianiiarian, tlu' ail\ aiici'iiv.'iil nl lln' iiivs
as chairman of the ciiinmitlL'i.'; hfis|Mil |iio- inlcic-.l> alnn^ ihr lim^ ul (hiistian i iiiKmn •
]H irliii.niil iiii'siiirnl of ( 'ai no\ skvW'inid \\ di k- or^, 1 ir nf hi^h imlihi iinprov cnirnl. ha:. I, d hi I
in;4 ('o.; is a \ i( r- pri'sidcnt I'f ihr KniLi^lnn In rnniniaiid the si:|i|iiiil of hi> nru ^| ia|iri aiui
Inlants' lloim': and yrl wilhal he has neviT tlu' hest |i(asonal illotis of hini-rh V.w-
( anwissfd |)crsonall\' Inr au oIIh c, sa\c iiu'V- d.mllv hr is worlhv of all thr siin o^ and ihr
llaliJv for ihr ( 'il\ ('oiimil." hi^h honois lirslou'cd npon him. Inr he has
He has ,i|i|KMi\'il til the « laUT as .a in.innl |iro\on himself ,1 safe and lionni'.diic and
jifLMl carncstiu-^s of imiposc. Steadily ap- lalenled man — enlireK de\ ol'il to his nevv^-
pioai hinj; the end he h.is in \ iew, ^oveiau-d ,il- iiaper, his f.imiU, .uid lo KiiiLi^tnn. Sm h a
wavs hv the strictest intej;rity, and enlerl.iininii man should he lriM>urid -we feel c|iiile suie
hi^h itle.ds a.s to what .1 newspaper as well as he is appreeialed in the 1 ily "\ Ins n.uivity
Us editor oii;;ht to lie. 'I'hese trails have .iiul uf his liesi ambitions.
i
pi
p
CARLETO
,\ N II 1 I A I , - I
O TAXniNCi on the peninsul.idike head of
^■-^ I'arleton Isl.ind, so n.imeel in luuiiir of
Sir l'iii\ C!arleton. — .ifieru.ird Lord |)iir-
I hesler, on what w.is known in 177.S as
" ("io\ernment I'oint," is the summer resid.ellre
of Mr. W. ( ). Wvi kinr. i'resideiit uf the
Wyekolf. Se.iiiKiiis \' lieiieiliet C'ompans, ot
N\'W York, heller known, jierhaps, from their
innneition with the mannf.ieture of theiele-
hr.iled Remington Typewriter. To this resi-
dence he lias^iven the very .ip|iiopriate name
of Cirleton N'ill.i. lis situation, fur m.my
re.isons, would he diffieult to improve. In
Its immediate front llie hroad exjianse of the
.•\meiiean hr.ineh of the St. Lawrence divides
into two ch.mnels of more than a mile each
in width, llowini; awav on either haral, form-
in- two beaulitiil hays which afford ample
securitvfor the i)leasure-craft moored therein,
natur.il harbors whose ]iicturesipie sliores add
mtieh to the beauty of the scene, lying on
either side of an isthmus whii h connects the
old "Ciovernmenl Point " with the mainland
of the island itself. To these are given the
names, respectively, of" North " and " Soulli "
Havs. In front o( the villa, the view stretches
out on the vast exi)anse of L.ike Ontario. To
N VILLA.
M M I, U nil M F,.
the left, one gets a ple.lsant \ iew of the \ill,ige
of Cape \'ini eiil, .ilmosi hidden in .1 fnresl
of m.iples, and a \iew uf the m.imland of the
.\merican shore for miles down the rivn,
while on the right siretcho .iw.iy the bro.nl
expanse of Wolfe Isl.md, beyond whiih, in
the distance, ;ire pl.iinh' seen the spires ,ind
lowers of the cit\' of Kingston, once the capi-
t.il of (.".inada.
jilst b.ii k of Us rises .1 steep blillf to .1
height iif some si\tv feet, on whii h .ire the
ruins of lorl 1 Lildimam!, built by the liritish
in 177.*^; and which w.is captured by the
.Xmericms in 1S12. ( )ne hundred .ind fifteen
ve.irs ago ihi^ w.is a biisv pl.ice. it was the
most import. uit point .ibove .Montreal. It was
the great naval and military station of tiie
lake .mil river. So gre.it w.is its importance
th.it I''ort Lronteiiac, now Kingston, hitherto
the most noted of any jioint above Montreal,
was for ye.irs eiuirelv neglected, while I'"ort
Ilaldim.ind and the n.ivy yanl which it jiro-
teded was ,111 object of the greatest interest.
The liistor\' of Carleton Isl.md would foim a
most interesting bit of old-time leminiscence.
if written by itself; but it mast be omitted lor
the present. Aside from the interesting his-
r i
c: I A'/./: vox /■//./../.
397
tory it affords, the locality is one to be chosen
because of its healthfulness. There is no
malaria. The air is pure and bracing even in
the midst of ib.L' heated term. The death rate
of Cape \'i;icent, according to the statistics
found in the report of tiie State lioard of
ireallli, averages only eight jier i,ooo per an-
num. There are no insect pests. Mosquitos
are unknown, and to add to the attractiveness
of the location, it is in the midst of the Hnest
fishing in the world. Muscalonge, black bass,
pike and pickerel abound m every directicjn.
It is an ideal home for a sportsman. Xuni-
beriiig down the river, Carleton \'illa is the
first of the 'I'housand Island cottages, and in
point of elegance of design and completenes,-,
of linish, it is easily first among all the sum-
in.'r palaces on the river. All others, includ-
ing the celebrated "Castle Rest" and "C.rev-
slnne \'illa," nuist take second place. In a
brief article, as this must necessarily be, it is
by no means easy to convey a verv ( lear ( (in-
ception of this elegant structure, and hence
an outline must suftice.
Till-; \'ii.i..\.
Imagine a building 102.7 •>■> length by 7,:;..S
feet wide, and four stories in height, with
huge bay windows on each side, giving a cruc:i-
form effect to the general i)lan. Great crvpts
of cellars extend underneath the entire struc-
ture. Here is a gas-mom. fitted with one of
Terrill's ei|uali/ers, which sujjplies illuminat-
ing gas to every pari of the house; an extensive
laundry with all its appurtenances; a huge re-
frigerator, with room for a ton or more of ice.
Tiien comes the furnace room, fitted with two
heaters furni'.heil by the American Boiler
Com|)any; then there i> an iron Nho|i. a car-
penter shop, a coal room, a ianned-gooiI>
storeroom, and a vegetable cellar. All this
in the basement. In the rear of the next <ir
first fioor is the servants' dining-room, ( 011-
nei ted at this ])oint with the tower by one of
the "bridge rooms," of whii h ihere are two.
I hen comes an ample kitchen, 16 x 20 feet in
si/e, com|)letely furnished, as are also the
roomy pantries adjoining. These would win
the heart of an\- good housekeeper at sight.
The M.mk Hall
is elegance itself. It is a room si.xty by eigh-
teen, extending to a height of two stories. It
IS surrounded by a gallery resting on beauti-
ful Doric columns below, while the ceiling is
supported by forty Corinthian (olumns dis-
posed in pairs, connected by a tasteful balus-
trade. .Ml these column.s, as well as the
entire woodwork of the house excepting the
lloors, are of whitewood, elegantly finished
and polished. The great fireplace in the hall
is a marvel of simplicity and beauty. The
tiling is [.lain, of light cream color, with gilt
molding; engaged columns on each side sup-
port a heavy entablature, above which the
great chimney is enclosed with jjanel work; the
whole, exquisitely finished, as it is, produces a
fme fffect. < )n the south side of the hall is
the library, or, as it is familiarly called, the
"den," a sjiacious room, elegantly fitted uj)
and sujiplied with well-filled book cases, writ-
mg tables, and in fact every thing that adds
to the comfort and convenience of such a
room. The lilirary looks out on the broad
I>orch, and commands a delightful view of
ri\er anil lake.
A( ross the hall is the spacious dining-room,
oval in shape and eighteen by thirty feet in
si/e. .\ [larlor eighteen by eighteen, is also
on this side of the hall. There are grates in
both parlor and dining-room. Extending
across the entire front of the building and on
its south side as farasthe library, is the grand
porch, about twenty feet in widdi. supjiorted,
as is the whole building, on a massive wall of
Couverneur marble. l-'our heavv granite
Iiillars support the roof in front, while the
main entrance is from a double tlight of mar-
ble steps beneath an archway of the same
material, fifteen feet in width, Hanked on each
side by a marble column of the Corinthian
luder. The whole front is peculiarly grand
and imposing. The lower fioors are of oak
laid in cement, while all the iijiper fioors are
maple, deadened with the same material.
The w.dls of the building above the (louver-
neur marble are of Portland cement, and the
entire struc ture is pr.actically fire-proof.
39'^
y/ S(>/ r/:\/A- ()/■■ /■///: s/: /../;/ 7,7;. \v/-; ri\-i:r.
f
'I'lir SCI ciiiil lliior contains llic family incinis.
all i)f uhi( li aic en siiilc. liijin llic sc( nnd
ll'idi- up, (iiicl \\in(l(ius i:iMcc ilic corners of
llic main iuiiltlini;, and troni cvcr\ room llicrc
i> a i)cautifiil view. Ivu h room lia-> that one
thing (.lcarc-,t to a wonian'^ licaii — an ample
closet. l-.lcgant bath-rooms ahoiiml c\er\'-
\\hcre. I'iie f'nrnitiire thronL^luuit corrcs-
poiids with the linish ..I the linilding; l.ird>'-
e\c maple hcin,- picdominant. N'othingdark,
dull, nor i;loom\, 'I he >cr\anls' sleeping
aparlments are on this lloor, in the rear o|
the building. Their rooms are cpiallv pleas-
ant; there is not a forbidding room in the
whole \illa. The gallery already mentioned
i-- on this ll-ior. and fr':m it and the \c>iil)ule
cveiy chamber, c\i cpt the servanls' room-^,
i>reaclu-d. The dnrd llo(n' is o( a iipied by
the guest cliambers, , 11 linishcd and furni--hcd
in ilu' elaborate si\le which charai teri/cs
cvcrv other part of the house. In the fourth
-lory aie great store-room--, though its i loun-
iiig glory is a splendid billiard-room with all
its appurtenances, available for either a game
ot l-'rench c.iroms or of pool. lleginning in
rcir of the gre.il hall below, a broad oaken
sMir-cnse winds itswav to the lloiu^ abo\c
bv easy ^tage■^ and roomv landings. Chande-
liers and gas ri\tiires abound c\er\ where.
Once lighted, the building uill seem as if i||n.
mill lied.
Separ.ite from the main building i^ a tower
III feet in iKight. .md i()\i6 Iccl ,it il^ ba-.e.
'I'lie basement rooui ol' the tower ( ontains
the pumping engine which semU the water
in'.o the great t.mks above, whence it reaches
evervpirt of the building .\bo\e this is .i
Work-room, and then ccune the great ualer-
'aiiks store I with more than twaj liundied
barrels of water. 'I'he towir i^ < onnected
with the main building b\- two i)ridL!e-,. on
each of whi( h is au cIcl; int room faivaliarls-
designated as the " bridge mmu. "
I'uriiig the lailiie --ea-oa biilliant ga>-lights
will burn in the obseivalory of the lower
every night, and il u il not be long ere iln \
\\\\\ become .i uell known -ignal lo liie lake
nasigaloi-. l''roui this obsrivatorv ,it the
summit of ilu' tiiuer one ol tln' unist dcliuhl-
tiil \'iews of kdsc. ri\cr and ~hore is obtainable.
1 he \ illage ol ( 'ape N'incciit, three inilc^ aw.iv.
^eem-. to be clo-,e .it li.llid. while the spiit'S
.111(1 towers ol Kinu^toii, ten miles .iw.iv as ihe
I rin\ tbe-., -stand ile.irh' in view. It is, in-
deed, ,1 (harming pio>pei t.
'I'liroughoiit the intire buildiiv^ the win-
dows .ire of he.uy phite glass, and, indeed,
there i-. iioihing l,ii king in any spot or jilace
ihai (Mil be in any way (onducive lo the com-
loii of I iilur the I'amib or it- gue^l--, that has
not bei n iho iglu of and sn|jplied. I he leini
" palatial " has become \er\ (ommini. as ap-
plied to (Aerytliing .iiiKUig the 'I'housand
NlamN, Irom ,i steam \ .k hi up to ,i Miiunna
residence, luK to "Carletiui X'lll.i " the teiiii
applies will] all that it signifies.
Mr. W\a Km I niav well be jiroiid of his
■■uniiiier luMii'', not onlv beciuse of its (jiiiet
and sub^t.mtial ( leg.mce. but be( au>e il alioids
delight to others, in thai il appe.iK to their
truest artistii ■iiNiim Is bi ( ause of its h.iniKUiv
ot prop(Utioii .iinl of I (ilor. deiiKui^tr.iliiig the
l.ii t th.it ^tiiii^lli, solidil\ ,ind mas>i\eriess
ina\ be .ilso gr.icefiil.
.\s a setting to the gre.il larm which lies
Ikk k of it, .md the steading near at hainl. it
luirmoiii/e-- well. It is not the larm house, of
coiir-^e. but il i-- a lilting farm residence tor an
.Viiua i( ,111 gtiiilem.in of means whose bro.id
domain lic-s .iroimd him. and who delights in
pissing ,it least .i portion of iiis time thereon
in rur.d pleasures.
\.
LA SALLE.
Tn i6|,^, at Rouen, in Fran( e. w.u born latter atti\ being the name (.f, in estate near
Robert C:avalier, belter known bv the desig- k(nien. belonging to the C, nailers, llisedu-
iialion of Li Salle. His name in full w.is ( ition wis liberal, and he earlv manfested the
RcuK'-Roberl Cavalier, Sicur de la Salle — the traits which afterwards made hiin so illu.slrious.
•^
i
/../ S.I/././:.
401
lie was ,1 Catliolii in t'ailli, and a niu-nibcr of cm New York, who had already, notwithstaiid-
tlie order of Jesuits. He liad an elder brother in^ their other vast jiossessions in America,
in Canada, and tliis fact doiihtless sliajied his i)egan to feel a desire to possess Canada, and
destinies, for in the si)ring of 1666, in iiis j^d thus extend their swav — as it is seen to dav—
year, we (Ind him in Canada, wiiere the Semi- from Newfoundland to the Northern Pacific
nary of St. Suljiice. a cor])oration of l''rench and Arctic Oceans. In I,a Salle thev pcr-
|)riests, had already made a settlement under ceived a younu' man nf fine .ipiicarance, eager
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rUK CllKVALlKK I. A ^Al.LK.
very extensive landed and pro|)rietary grants for just such an engagement as these priests
from the French king. 'These priests were desired to make, whici
1 was tn procure a man
in gre.it termr continually from the iroipiois of energy and military capacity who would
Indians, who had lately been severely cdiastiseil lead any body of armed men they coidd raise
li\- Coursell, the (iovernor of Canada, and to defend Montreal, and the settlements there-
ll'.eir hate w.is u!d)ouiule(l
inanist the
h
sluMulaled, ilou.jtlesu, by the English in Kast-
abouts, from the dreaded Iro
Ih
ey
1,1 b.dle a large tract uf land nine uules
402
.■/ s<ur/-xiK o/' /■//!■■ s r. /..nr/</:\t i: av/v-.a'.
mIidm' MoiUIimI, lln.'ir .11 I ii.ii (iiilpii^l ol ( i\il-
i/.ituill, uIikIi i> niiu kiiiiun ,i^ I,;i CliiiU',
al)()\c ilu; t;ro,ii i.ipiiN nt" tli.ii name. La
S.ilk' (.'iUi.'rL'(.l iiiiiiii tin- iiii]iri)vcnirnl ol liis
l.n'nc domain, ami l)CL;,ni to sell liis acres lo
■-m I' as liL' ( iHild nidiii r to join him.
I'liat this \0nn4 111. Ill had i.(iiiu' to Cmad.i
with ,1 >fttlL'd |iiii piwc ill \icw, now ln'j^an to
\w apjiarfnt. I If ln.'L;an tn ^ludv the liK'ian
(h.iln ts. ilrinniL'd in a> hr was ii\ thi' i;rL'at
.ind a;i|Mrrntlv inliM iniii.ihlo forests whii h
siinoniuK'd the ]palis.idr he iiad elected for
detente at;.iinst ,111 Indian .iltac k, lii> fertile
mind went he\(ind hi^ 11. mow eiuironmenl.
Iievond e\',n the ure.it ii\er which roared .ind
tietted npoii one side of hi> domain, and
soared wislward and -oiilhward tow.irds an
easier w.iy to Chin. I ami j ipan than liad as yet
lieen attained, .'-lo imperfect at tli.it tiiiii' were
e\'eii edm ited people's ide.is ,is of the earth's
j;eo!;r.iphy. lli.ii l,a .'^.ille did not understaiul
that the countries lii> enterpri-inj; mind would
re.icli were upon the other side of the globe,
tlioa,aniU of miles aw. i\'. ( )ii one occasion
he w.is \ isited li\' a liliid of the .Sellei a 1 ro-
(piois. w ho told him of a river i ailed the ( )hio,
ri^iiiL; ill their loiintrv, wliic h llowed sf)iith-
w.ird into the se.i. I.,i Salle .it once con; ei\e(l
the ide.i tli.it this _L;re.it ri'.er must need., tlow
into the (iulf of ( "alift)rnia. and thus he < (Uild
I'liul what his soul was on the to olit.iin — a
western p.issat^e to China. 1 1 is resolution w.is
soon formed. CJhtainiiiL;, I'lrsi, the consent ol
the j^oveniors of the semin.iry to the enterprise
he had in hand, he sold to them his lands near
I. a Chine, in order to r.iise needed money for
his enteritrise, the whole expense of which
was to lie borne bv himself. He purchased
four l.ir.ne ( anoes. aiui eiig.i.ned fourteen men.
< >n the 6tli of Julv, r6;o, he set out upon his
double expedition for eNplor.itioii and the
purchase of furs from the Indi.ins. We can-
not follow his fdotstcps with the iiertinac it v of
I'.irkman, w ho-e excellent history is before us,
and c.in, .it the best, onlv uenerali/e the sub-
seipieiit career of this great explorer.
I'liiriv-fne da\s after le.iving l.i Chine, tlie\'
re.ic lied. Irondequoit I!.i\'. on the south side of
Lake (mt.irio. Here the\" remained ,1 nioiilh
01 more, .ind on the -'4tli of Sipteinberwere.it
an Indi.m \ill.iue onl\ 1 feu miles north ot
the pie>eiil 1 iiy ot li.imilion. 'I'hese Indians
]iioved more frieiulK th.iii those upon the
south shore of the Like, iiid promised to show
L.i S.ille .1 more <lirei t 10, id lo ihe ( )liio. ll
w.is here he met I, mis biliel. a voting m.m
of about his own .lue, .ind .iNn .111 explorer.
He ii.ui cdine from the sduihu fst, tlie \eiy
region l.i S.ille u.is striving to leaih. I'.iion
bad sent joliet to explore the copper mines
of L.ike Superior. Chis meeting c.iused ,1
( liaiige of La S. die's pi, ins. lor Joliet showed
him a m.ip of the region he himself li.id ir.iv-
ersetl, including Like Superior and the Cir.iiul
kiv.r. Steji bv st,'p j.i S.ille moved wesl-
w.ird, spending iiinch time with the Lidi.iiis,
,111(1 • i.'sjo-;! he li.id emb. irked on Lake
Lrie oesceiided tlie i)etroit to Lake Ilnroii,
coistedtlu' shores (if Lake .\ii(hig.in, p.issed
the str.iils of .M.ickiiiaw, afterwards re.iching
a river with a southwestern llow (the Illinois).
\vhi( h took him into the .M ississippi, and he
may be s.iio to have been the l"ir t white man
iipiiii that mi:4hly .ifiLieiit in its upiier region.
it is (1, limed by sonu' tli.it he aUn disidveied
the ()hiii; but if so, he never des( ended it ,is
far as its juiK tion with the .Mississippi. He un-
doubtedly preceded Joliet, but Imlh L.i S.ille
.and l-'idiitenai . his arikni supporter, believed,
as late as 1672, tli.it the Mississip]ii llowed di-
re( tly south into the Ciulf of C.iliforni.i, and
tli.it it thus .iffiirdi'd in re.ilitv a dirt ( t < (in Heel-
ing link to the I'.u it"ic Ocean, across whi( h
they Well knew Were China and J.ipan.
Circums( I ibed ,is our limits are, we are 1111-
.ilile to follow La Salle mm h furlher. I'.irk-
m,in represents him .is a m.m of exir.iordinary
determination, full of virile vigor, with ,1 sial-
w.irt I'r.ime, and with so eiil.irged an intelligence
that the Jesuit l''.i',liers were afr.iid of him.
'I'liey c.illed hil'i visionary, and unstable, .ind
su( h tliev havi alwavs designated those who
were not loval to their teai liings or brought
fully under their inlliieiK e.
In I''ioiiienac, however, ilu' ( 'av.ilier de hi
Salle had ,111 iincom|iroiiiisiiig and devdted
frientl. 'I'hus f.ir his dream li.id been of a
short route to Chiii.i; but when he s.iw the
CO (XT I'ROX /KX.IC
405
grand possibilities of the great valley of the
Mississippi, with the illimitable prairies which
we now see mapped out into Illinois, Wiscon-
sin and Iowa, with the imnunse forests that
hue both sides of the river below tlairo,
where the Ohio joins the Mississippi, he re-
linipiished as somewhat chimerical, or perhaps
postponed for a time, his idea of a short route
to C'hina. 'I'hen it was that he resolved to
leave frozen I'anada behind him torever, and
lead a I'lench civilization into the great
I ountry he had discovered. It was for him to
<all into light the latent riches of the great
Wot. Frontenac, with whom he kejit himself
well allied, fa\()rcd him in all his efforts.
They were both great men, and both deserve
the highest commendation in historx. They
were both faithful to theii' king and i''rance,
and their discoveries were of such a character
as to make every human being in America
their ilebtor.
In April, i6.Sj, after many adventures and
much o|)posiiion from the Jesuit I'athers,
much struggling with Inilian tribes and jiass-
ing through great dangers and heavy toil, at
the mouth of the Mississii)])!, he had at last
the satisfaction of proclaiming " Louis Le
drand," king of all that country we now call
Louisiana, and which the English never con-
(piered, but came ])eaceably into the posses-
sion of tlie United States by friemlly negotia-
tion and purchase.
Li 16S3, somewhat broken in health, he de-
scended to ()uebec and sailed for France.
Arrived at court, this student and recluse in
his youth, but backwoodsman in his matured
manhood, had to encounter the risks of a pre-
sentation to Royalty and to make headway
against the intrigues and jealousies which
always surround a king. Louis XI\'. how-
ever, ajjpreciaied him, but the best that could
be done for him was to give him a divided
command in .America, which he was to share
with Beaujen, the jealous and incompetent.
On July i.Sth, 1684, he wrote to "his most
homued mother" that he was about to sail
with four vessels and four hundred men. This
vo\age to .America w.is principally passed in
disputations with lieaujen, and when they
landed at St. Domingo, more than half of the
people on the vessel were lunstrated with
fever, among them being La Salle. He soon
recovered, however. Proceeding upon their
journey ilu-y disembarki'd ai Matagorda liay,
thinking it one of the mouths of the Missis-
sipjji. [{ere the .Vmaible, the ship which con-
tained nearly all their provisions, uas wret ked.
.As we h.ne only imperfectly followed him
thus far, and havt; only but slightly sketched
the character of this great man. we must make
short work of the matters that led up to his
death. While upon a journc\ ol explor.uion,
anxiously desiring to better the 1 imdition of
the parly whom he was trying to lead out of
trouble, as I'arkman graphicallv expresses it,
"a shot was fired from the grass iiisiantl}' fol-
lowetl by another, which pierced tiirough his
brain, and La Salle dropped dead." Doubt-
less he was killed by a wretch who had be-
come disobedient and insolent, and whom La
Salle had been compelled to rebuke. 'I'hus
died at the early age' of forty-three, Robert
Cavelier de la Salle, one of the greatest men
of his age, and one of the most remarkable of
the I'xplorers whose names live in history.
His firmness and his courage would have
left a more marked impression u|)on his time,
and he would have been better able to com-
pletely carry out his grand i)lans of creat-
ing in .America .1 \ew I'rance. had he been
less imjierious and haughty in his manner, and
less harsh to those under his (omm.i:.d, which
at last drew upon him an implacable hatred,
and caused his death. j. a. 11.
COUNT FRONTENAC
W.\s i)erhaps the most remarkable man ever he rose equal to every emergency that con-
representing the court of France in the new fronted him. His whole career was one of
world. From very unpromising beginnings, conllict, sometimes petty and personal, some-
406
^/ Ml/ l/:\/U ill- llll: Si. l..\WI<l\tl l<l\IR.
tiincN iiuolviiij; the i^rcilfst i()iiM'i|urii( is. nrw Iv wrdded |i.iii «;is shiiit. I'liu wife's
Under I'Voii'icnac occurred ilu' lust ^frimi-^ lii\c somi ( li,mj;cd lu ,ivrrsii)n, wliicli con-
rolli^ioii l)etW'i'fn I', ii -1,1 nd ,iiid I'r.iiu c in tiiiurd cmii .\\W\ \\v liirth ol' her ^on.
AiiU'ri( ,1, wliitli iua\ iie s.iid id li.ue hfcii ('nunt I'roiiten.ic c, line of md aiic ieiit and
tile opening of a urand sclienii' of niiliiirv nolile raci', said to lia\i' been of I!as(iiie ori|;iii.
occiiliation. designed to hold in iIum k the At the a-^^ of fil'uen thr voiinj; I.oiii^ showed
industrial elforts of the hav^lish i njonies. All a dccicl'd |i.i-.-<iiin for the lilc of a soldier.
lii> later enerj;ies were directed to iMakiiiLi ill U lie served in Holland iiiider the I'rince ol
scheme iiossible. I'he enntein]ioraneoiis hi-.- ( )iMni;e. I le \va^ at the sie^e of 1 le^din. lie
tory of those times, so alily |ire|iared li\ I'ark- wa^ at Arras ami at Aire, as well as at t'd-
iiian. shows how valiantlv New iMaine battled lioiire and I'erpinnan. At twent\-thrii- he
IM N I I U.iNI I NAC,
against a fati' whic h her own lai k of organiz-
ing ea|iaiity made imn itable. The drama
was a j^reat and signitnanl oiu-. enacted
amidst untamed forests, largely b\' men who
had been reared in Franc e. and some of them
fa\orite courtiers of the I'rench king. The
wife of t!ount I'rontenac was Anne di; la
(Jrange-'l'rianon. She was born at V'ersailles,
and grew nj) a favorite companion of M idem-
ioselle de Montpensier, the favorite grand-
daughter of Henry IV. She was married to
Fronten.ic in 164S. The happiness of the
w.is Colonel cif the N'orin.ilid\ legilllent. and
coinmamleil it in the Itali.in 1 .iinpaign.
Ill i'i7^ he received the apiiointmeiit of
(io\ernor and I,ieutenant-(ieiieral for the
kiiin in all New TraiK e. Notwiili>laiiding all
lii> aliilit\- a> a suldier, it wa> court gossip that
he was sent to Aineric a to relieve him from
the uiihappv relations he was known to maiii-
tiin with his wife, whose temper was outrage-
ous, ( arrving herself with such a high head
that her best friend, Mademioselle de Mcjiit-
pensier. as obliged to dispense with her ser-
11
r
■fcMfw^iaWMfcte^ j g y^
l
on X / /•AV'A/A.A./r.
409
i|
vices lis (iiic of lirf 111. lids of iioiior. M.kI.iiii
I' I on ten. i( (!(•( liiiiii to .!( ( oinp.m)' Irt liiisliaiul
,l( lOiS the SlM.
l'"roiiti'ii,u w.is fifty-two years of a).',t' wiieii
lie l.imled ,it (^)iulie( . I'.iikiiian says tlut
'■ li.KJ ii.itiiie ili'^|M)se(l him to iiiei.iiu luily,
there was inui h in iiis iiosilion to awaken it.
.\ man of (oiirts .mil camps, lie was l)anisheil
to I he eluU I p| the t'.irth. anioiif; sasage lionles
and hall'-rei Liimed h)rests, lie e\i hanneii
tile sjilendors of St. jermain and \'er^.i,'les
for a ,>tern i;r,iy roi k, h.iunlrd li\' somln'r
j)rie>ts, ruii^ed men lumt^ and tr.iders. i)lank-
eted Indi.ins and wihl liusli-r.iiif^ers. " It was
his to see lliat f^llehec should lie m.ide the
r.ipil.il of ,1 ^reat em|iire, wiiii h should lie
trili'it.iry to distant France. lie took an ac-
tive interest in all the duties of his new iiositioii.
It was a strange freak of his that he should
administer the oath of allegiance to every per-
son in (Juehec. On the 23d of October,
1672, what was known as the "Three Ins-
tates of C.mad.i" were ((invoked with
considerable pomp. To these he adminis-
tered the o.ith, and then the assembly was
diss(jlved. This very act, is, in brief, a strik-
in<j illustration of the French coloni.d rule in
Can.ida. It was a gove"'iinent of excellent
intentions, but of the most arbitrar\- methods.
I'Vontenac unwisely set himself against the
prevailing democr.itic current. The arbitrary
government of a land like France, where the
bourbons who " learned nothing and forgot
nothing" had held sway so long, was not
adapted to a new country where jieople from
all sections had come to accumulate wealth,
and (as in all new countries) were ])Ossessed
of very radical ideas of personal freedom.
The name of Frontenac is one of the most
interesting in connection with our own (Ireat
River. Courselle, his predecessor in the
(iovernorship of Canada, had begun at what
we now call Kingston, a fortification large
enough to receive into its stockade such
refugees as might desire to lly to a i)lace of
comparative safety in the event of any Iro-
ipiois invasion, which had then but lately
devastated (Quebec, and caused the loss of
hundreds of innocent lives. Frontenac's
.Itlelllion W.I1 ^onu directed to thl^ beginning
of ,1 fort, ,ind he w.is torliiii.ile in In. iking the
ai cpiaintaiti e of .1 young m. in uhn h.ul been
ill tile employ ol the p'teln h plie^l-, .it (^ile-
be( , and had re.ichrd Kingston on his wav
westw.ird lo tr.ide in furs .ind in, ike tlie ex-
]iloratioiis w lii( h were \rt to m.ike him
I'.imous. By direction ot Ironteii.K, l,.i
S.dle li.id |)ri-\ ioiisl)' gone to ( inmid.ig.i, llie
politic, il (enter ol the Iroipioii. .md invited
the great men ol' th.it ii.itioii to ,1 ( ouin il mi
the ll.iy of t,^Miiiite. Ilefore selling out, l,.i
Salk' hid sent the new (lo\eriior ,1 m,ip
re( (Miiinending as a site for the proposed Imt
the ]ioini .It the nioiith of the ( '.it.ii.upii, now
o( ( iipied b\' the present grand old historii
1 it\ (il Kingston. I'ronteii.ic ax ended the
St. L.iwreiKe ipiile leisurely, with oi;e hun-
dred and tuenty ( .inoes and four liiindrcd
men. I'.irkman says : "Soon they re.u hed
the Tliou->.in(l Islands, and their light llotill.i
glided in long line among those watery l.ibv-
rintlis, by rocky islets, where perhaps >oiiie
lonely pine towered like .1 mast against tin-
sk\ ; by sun-scorched crags, where the broun
li( lienscri>ped in the parching gl, ire ; by deep
dells, shady and cool, rich in rank ferns,
and sponges, d.uk green mosses ; by still
co\e, where the w.iter-lilies lay like snow-
llakes on their broad, llat leaves, till at length
the}' ne.ired their go.il, and the glistening
bosom of Lake ()ntario opened on their
sight."
This grand llotilla, jiiloted by Indians in
their birch canoes, entered the broad w.iter,
passing along the shores so tamiliar now as
the site of Port Henry on one side, and the
" West Point of Canada," upon the other,
reaching at last the point of land where the
artillery barracks now stand, at the western
end of Cataracjui bridge. Here they all dis-
embarked, and here were subseciuently laid,
broad and massive, the foundation of wh.it was
subsecjuently named Fort Frontenac — not so
named by the Clovernor himself, but by the
engineer in charge of the work. [See pp. 28,
It is at this point that La Salle coities
prominently into public notice, especially as
4IO
./ .si'/ ;/A/A' ('/ nil: SI. 1 .1 iiia \( I: av/va'.
tlu' friend of I'lonliiKU , u luisi' caiHc lu' li.ul
(■><|i()iisO(l Mt (JiU'hcc (luring tlic f.imous ipiMr-
icU Ixtui'cn lilt- new (iuMMnor .iml llu-
priests, whom u c ilex rilic fl^iu lu'rc .is nud-
(IK'souk' and c|iktuIoii>.
It is a 1 urion^ liistoiii.d fact tliat llu' old
stone fort I'Tontcnac was Imiii liv I-a Salle
with his own inoiu-v, he 'ia\inj; been sent to
l-'ranee li\ I'rontenac with Ktiei-. of the high-
est recoininendalion, anil the Kin;,; had made
to him a urant of the then lort (a mere slo( k-
atie) a trai t of laiul of four k'a;,:nes in from
and lialf a leai^ue in dejith, iiuliulin;j, lia'
neii^hhoring islands. In tonsideralion of this
rii h grant, I, a Salle coniiileted the fort, armed
it .It his own cxpenM', ami maintained it until
near the tune of iiisileath, when it re\erted to
the King, as did all his great tract of hind, if
wi- are eorrei tly informed.
Count Frontenae w.is too independent and
able a m.m to submit iiuietly to the opposi-
tioii ot' the priests, who <1, limed by both
their riglits of seigneurage and of their holy
ol'i'u e, to interfere with hi-; :"ithori'\. The
most \iolent of these lie arrested and (nn-
tilled in |irison, .md was in the i.nd sust.iiiud
by his King, the ipiarrel luuing been referred
to J-'r.UK e lor I'in.il settlement. Our spa( e, as
in tiie case of l.,i S.ille, does not permit us to
more th.in glani e at some of the more le.uling
traits and performances of Irontenac, whose
abilities were ni.uked .md .a ti\elv developed
in the new I'leld he ii.id entered upon, liiit
there w.is jealousy between (Quebec and Mon-
tie.il. pKJiiioled by riv.il fur de.ilers .iiul sh.ired
in more or less by tiie meddling priests, whose
fingers were in e\erybod\'s |)ie, and llie result
was that in theeiul Ironlen.K was recalled bv
his king. l''or se\en years he w.is idling
around the I'rench court. liut he had power-
ful friends, .md his wife, who seems to have
been more aftection.ite when he w.is under a
cloud thin when his word was law and his
sill cess .ippart'iitlv assured, became his mo.t
p nvertul intrigante .it the frem h i oiirt.
At l.isi ilir King perieived that he had
m.ide ,1 mistake in recalling l''ronten.u , m.itlers
111 ('.in.id.i h.iving gone troni bad to worse,
iiniil ai lasi his ii.itience was exhausted, .iiui
lu- asked IronteiKu to again ai < cpt the go\-
ernorship. The ("oiint w.is then sevent\ years
of age. but he w.is tired of inai tion and ot
the |ietty jcilousies of the i ourt of Ir.ince,
,ind lin.illv .u ( I'pted tlu' .iiipointment.
We h.ive not sp.icc to toilow him further in
his adventurous career. lie returned to
(Jiiebei , but Louis .\ I \' had already enteied
upon his ilrcline from being the Inst inon.in h
of i'.urope. W'illi.im of Or.inge was i oining
to the I'roni i l-'.nglaiul, .mil before his jiidi-
cious pi, ins and energetic managtiiient. Ii.mce
W.IS soon to be relegated to an interior position,
to lose lur possessions in Cmada, and, sa\e
her ever-f lithtiil I.oiiisi.ina, to give uii, one b\
one, all she held m .\merii a, lint the i ontesi
was not ,111 imevi.iitl'nl one, though the laul
W.IS ine\ii,ible from ilie fiist.
In November, |6(^S. l-'roiitenac, worn down
bv many arduous labors, .mhI in liis seventy-
eighth year, was taken violently ill. ( >n the
2Stli of tli.it month he died, in lull possession
of .ill his f.iculties.
.\s will be seen, the poitr.iit of lliis disliii-
giiislied m.iii, whose n.inie iiiusi lori'xer be in-
separ.ibly connecteii witli our (ireat River.
W.IS ( opied from .1 dr.iwing m.ide as he lay in
his ( ofliii. It is undoubtedly ,i I'.iiihful por-
traiture, and we .ire indebted for it. ,is well as
for thai of I. a S.ille, to Dr. NeiUon, Deputy
Siirgeoii-dener.il of (".inad.i. .i ripe schol.ir, a
g. ill. lilt otticer. .Ill ac( oiniilisheil historian and
archieologist, ami .i true geiitlem.in. (See his
biographical sketch, p. 347- J J. \. n.
I
T^ 't-
CENTRAL PARK HOTEL,
"Thocsami Isi \n[)S," St. I.wvKi.Mr. Ri\ik. (I'. ( ). S i . I.\\vkin(i. I'akk.)
t)ll\ I Hum |r\l-, Hill 111 Sl-.ll I.Mi;i u 15111.
siirrouiidcd ii\ ;i
^ \.\r''u Mild hiMiUitiil
\IIW l\ cl\iu\l i\i;k, vlluwINi. ll>ilM \Nh l;.i\l lli'l
■^:^Vl^^^ ^^'J^'j> ^^^ ^^^^y ^--\:y - ■.- -'^-'*-:>>^>y.. ;•■ : lai-c Iniv.t tnvs „t
licc( h, iii.i|ilc, <iak.
|iiiic a:)d li(iiilci(k,
,111(1 is iiiiiiu'diali-lv
(111 till' l-.mk cf llu'
ii\er.
■| he l.iitcl , lid
park arc >itiiaic(l
iiridw a\ let \v c c 11
'I'liciiis 111(1 Island
I'aik and Alexandria
I'kIX . (Ill the ^(Mllll
side dl' tlic ( hannel,
and arc ica( lied bv
all ilic l(i( al stcaiiuTN
(111 1 he ri\('r. and is
( ■<]ie( iaily noted tor
i'.s luMiitit'iil >lia(l\
j;ro\c-', i|ui(t walks,
/JSTHIS ihiL hdtel is one of the most attr.K - interesting siirKiiindinus. and I'reeddin I'rdin
^■^ ti\e and home-like hotels (.in the St. n(ii-.v interni|iti(ins.
I,,nvr(ii(c l\i\er. The sanitary arranm'ments No resort on th( ri\er, or ainoni^ tlK'iiiai( h-
are iieilect; the hoii^e is suiiplied with an less 'riioiisand Ul.iiuN, affords satei Ijontin;^,
aliiiiid iiK e of water, and there arc hot and better fisliinj;, or niore (harming; \ lews.
cold liailis on eac'' lloor lor Uulies and gen- \V.\i, l>. Sol' ill wok 1 11, Manai^er.
tienun.
The park has a fine
roadw ay to the main
land, givinu opiior-
tiiiiity for pleasaiu
drives in ilie(()iintry.
'I'his house, location,
and grounds, are iin-
siir|)assed on the St .
I.awreiK e. T h c
hotel is only two ind
a half stories high,
and with the cottages
in conne( tioii there-
with, .ill'ords safe m ■
( (immod.ilioiis. free
from any d.ingcr of
(ire.
I( stands in the
midst of its own
charming grounds,
\ II W s IN ( I M K M I \l(K.
I \Dt X.
A ,.
AlMT.Tnlillih-, 11. 'II .lilllil'S
Alilliv , llMlvlllill- ,
AMiiiipT. r. N
All.llVHs. Clili.r .rii.lj;,.
Aiiil.-is.iii. hiiiic'iiii. . .
AI.NMli.liiii l!,i\, slimvii lioni .liicl-,
S|i.'ii,-,-i\,|\i.'lliiiK
Al.-\,iliilii:i liiiv. vii'u or .
Iviil\ rr.-. iM,.,-n..ii^
Al„'.iii.|iiiiis, Til,. ..
Aiull;.' lll.Sl. I..HM|.|i,.,. in \\.,| h.iyv
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Ai.K
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in
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Ali;;ill, lirii Willi.ini'li. I'l -.-I
I'orlliiil ..r
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Ant ilMiiiiil s,-,'i),'s
AwiiKi-iiiiii; ,.r ||,.|iiy liai-Uns
ls:|, \<,
( Mi-
ll.
It.ii'kiN. lii'iir.v, ;nviiki'iiiii;,' i i
11,11 w iiii.' sailing, illiisl ,
SUitf-, lIlllNl , ...
li.Miiiy. |). N .V r.i .
li.iili ■ Aiiiiiii |( .. .
Ilakri-. c.l |.,ii,n,.|te
ll.'iy III l,M lliii' l-.l,'iii,|. illiisi .
l!'-rU Willi. ( ■.■||it;lill, (if i;r;(||| s si;
li.ii. .I..I s. y,. A ....
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II1M1I..11. 11, ,11 \ s
I '"I /. II.. u nil |i,ii-lniil
I'hil.livn ..r .
■ I"-|'|'I ,'iimI .I..si'|.Ii .
Mrs riir,.liii,.
llipii. I'll, Unas Mail . .
■Mrs CI Hriiii.h ...
Mis , 1 jsii I,, I'aiis in Isii'.i
I'.rllllllli'. jii'V. I>i'
Itoiiapai'ti' in .\,irilii 111 Srvv \',.|'|>
i.aki'
.I"si'|ili. Kiiiir iif Siiain si;,
lliiiisi' al Naliiial lirhl;;!'
I!'«iin>lai>' Mill's
lll.iili Ku.'i-. s,,ni<' (if ils fi'iiliiri's
U,.n Vi'vaiT'-. stc.-iiiH'i-
M'lolli. . I,, Iiii \\'i||,,'s |
H.'alliol'
lli.i'lslni'i, (',,1, . I,, Iiii
Hiii;;,'s, til.. C'lnacli.iii . ..,.'.
Hiill'in. I'li'i'inaii . .
lil'ovMI. .Inlill
llr.nvniiiK, n'si.i.'iii'.' of Mr w c
\V C.
llr.M'Uvill.., Mi'w ,,f livi'r rr,.iir
Sk<'lril..f
liisaiii' Asvlniii ...
l.'Vii'l "f 111!' rliir. . .
Ilri , iliMi. 11 !••
Iliickl.-.v. ( liristo|.li,'r
I'.iirtt'U 111", liiMi. .I'lliii
lllllli'l'tli'lil. I'llHilll,,!','
lliMi luhn
II. .11. Wilil.'iin V\
Ma.j.ir (ii'ii.'ial jiaii . ..
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I'aiia.l.i's \\,.si I' I. iiiii.i
''•I i"ti. Ma.|..r ili'ii.'ral
<'.iiii|.li.ll. (•
i''ii'il..ii Islan.l.
Illiistrati'.l
Sirtinv ....
(■allli..r|.. if.'v. Iir
I'asl.irlaiiil (■.,l.,iiv
an. I Krenili al
' '.'III...' ra.'t'
<'arli't...ii \iila, r.'si.l.'nri'
\V\,'I,..|T
1 .'l.'r..ii. til.' I'aniiU ,,f .
I'.'iitr.'il I'aik II.. I. 'I
t (lassiiais. I'l. IT.'
i'li;iMi|.lalii th.' .'X|p|..ri'r
I'haiii ..f Till.'
' li.tii'V. .Imiii.'s A
Cliiirl.'V'.iv. l-'alhi'i'
I'l.irk. C. M,. allici,' l.y
t'i.irk. III.. Int.' .1 \ II'
i'l''r.'.|. M'.iis. .Iiiliiis I..'
I laiis. III.' fainilv ..f .
(■..hiinliia II,. I. 'I', imNi Islan.l Park
c ',.|l|sl...'k l'.r.,lli.'i's, ..arsln.-li
C.inklint'. II. .11 H..S
I ■'.riHvall. II. .11. AimIi.'U, .'ii-i-,i\ ini.'
Ili.i.-'^rai.iii.'al sk.'t.li ..f
I'olistal.l.', William
(•..iis|iiiiii,,is, I'.iin.'. Mrs. Siirral an, I
liar.. 1. 1
r..iiiii .1.' SiirMll.'is
lllslillL'lllsll.'.l K'lM'sIs ..f
Ui'si.lrii.i's liiiill liy
<'u.vi'. Cliarl.'s
l'.'i.|i.'r, 'l.'ls l''.'niin..rc
ri.'s|ii.|. I'ath.M' I'.niniaiiih'l .
(•..inv.ll.'s. ,\|. .1,'
<'r..ss 11, I 'liark's, Sr :,; ,
( 'niiksliaiik. I'jnrst '
( 'iiiiiniiiiL's. .lain.'s
I'liiiis. 11, 'II. NM ;;; "
( 'iislini.-tn. .I.iliii I*
I>.
Ktiii'tv . I 'liailrs a.
I'ai.is. (',,1, \v \V ..
;il
I '.I'l
ill. ■.".!■.'
. .iirliaiiks. .las,, It
'.'.', I''a.\ I'l I,. I,' 1;
l-'avi'l. William i.\iitli..i' ..
.I..I111
l''i'rrviiiaii, ll.iilin^- th.'. illiist
l-'i.l.ll.'i's l';il,..«
-'" I'iiii' \i.'H II.. I. 'I
KisliMit,' ..II Liitl,' Cir.'iia.lier .
'■' l-'..lf,'.'r lln.lh.'is. illiisi . .
I'.l
' l''.'tit.'iin(' a la I'lairi'.'
l^} l'"..ri'l. (..iiiii ,1,' la
":■<, r..rt iisw.'-i.
Ill
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7' I
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I'V.vvl.r, Miss .Ian.' ('. .
M.'l/.ar .
. I. .Iiii \
l'-|,iii.'is,|,' la l,'...|ii.'
I'r.ii.'li .;|..'rali..ns ..II |,aki' 1 Milari.. 4|
ii«ii.rs ..f ili.'TlKin.saii.l Islaii.ls. i;i
I''r.ititt'na.' , . |'j|, pj;*
l''..itri'.s. ,|,.sini.(i.iii cif |s' 111(1
II..IhI. illiist 117
,. '''•mil >>'• IIW
I- iilli'r. .I.'r..tiii'. , ;k
'.'I
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.'I.-. I
I'l
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I >.i\ i.'s. I ...iHral ... Sit
Ka.vaii, It.'v .1 l'..|.,.rtrailanilski.|.'ri ;i
III' C. 111. '.'II.' ail. I lii'Tr.'i.'v . . p;
111' 1.1 llarr.v .'\|.i'.liti.in ..f n
II.' N..iinl!.',,'\|i,'.|ili..ii ..r., . 4,(
Iti'ui'X , II. Ill Williat
II •lal..li.'. M.I. I.I
rai.ilin.'
Hi'pi'M. Cliaiii v M
li.'s j.ir.lin.s. .*<iiiiitii..
|i.'s.'iti.|', ri'..iii I 'ana. Ill
ii.lliali...|ii.'. I'as! nil. I I'r
llav. cliarlii' ...
,7',' iiiiraiij;iil:i. th.. Iii.lian clnrr
' .f (i.'..|..i;v ..rill.' Isl.'iiiils
, ','.' I'f'.f. lllll.S ..II
'-} lilcn r..v.' I'.iii.'u','. iihisi
";; i;.....l.il.'. IIr. A. W., .-^k.'!.'!! of
-;|- lirati.l Vi.'w I'ark . .
";.' Craiil. il.'ii.'f.il
^■.' I Iran. (';i|.|alii
'•I' ilr.'.n. s.tli. III,. I'ish.'rtiian
111. I Si'in (irc.'ii II..I1SI'. l''riiiilispii'i'H
lirinni'll. Sam . . . sj
'Ir.'ii.'liv . I'.iii.'iiiii.il. I '..lint .1.' . .. i.KI
Ijiit
s|
1:1
■'''."»
•Sli
'•W.I
I'i'.i
'."7 .-.
U.'.'
I'.T
;:)
II.
p'l lla.l.|...k. . I. .Iiii A . Hall, 1.. 11 V.iv
4,1 .'IP' H'.l. ITil
;- r.irlrail ..f, l'r..iitis|iii','i'.
,|.j llail.l..i'k's llist.,ry .,r ,h.|ri'rs..nCo '..'I
(12 llaii.'...'k. li.'ii.'riil W S III
|:t-.'. 1:1; llai.l.'iiian.l. (icii Sir Kii'.l.'rii'k .. PJT
li,.> H.'ilst.'.'i.l |!ay. Kiitiaiii'i' t.i ■JiKi
•>l';.^ llart.K. Kirk 77
|iii.'.'t..r\ ..f III.' Isjaii.ls , . 'i.|i ll.islir..iu'k l|..iis.', illnsl :iii
liisiaii.'.' Talili' . 'Mi; M''ri..t , t li.' 1 1 isi.irian 11
l>..i|.l,V I'.. . Ill,-, fim llfaltli, \'alii.'..f 11,
|i..iit s f..r,'.\,'iirsi..msts -n,; lli'plMirii, A . If 77
Umliani. Majiii.l. II . lii..;;. aii.l p..r. Ilia«.'itlia. Li'u'cn.l of
trait 1 1:1 lliiiir.l. II. .11 Clias. II
II. .11.111. 1. Hr .1 li
H..pkins. ..f l.iitl,' Kails . .
», ll..«.|l. Hr
,. , ^, . '"', ll..«.'lls, Wm |i,.aii
I'.'iil.v NaMi;.ili..ii .,11 th.' lii'.'i . -.i:!! I|.,iis,' ll..at. illnsl .
l';.lii..is' Slut.' .\ss..,'iai N'isii '.'i; ||iii,|,,ii'.| l|..iis,.. ('Iiivl..n
Kills, ll.'ti. .I.iliii II ;; llnnu-i'tfiinl, 11.111. ilivill,.
.'17
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71
.•111 I
•,'ll
\-r.\
I'.I
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I
!.■(■ Il.iat, \Viiiti'i'..r IWi|-!i."i ,
liKlinn liiirr, ii I.i';.'rn.l of
liiM'nnU on till' Uivi'i-
Iiulf|>.ii.l.'ii,'c l(..,-k
Inpills. M'.n I. . .
lnll'"lMl'liil> MIkI llrsiM'ipl.vi'
liiviisi.iii .if till- lr.ii|iiciis.
Ill Ihr Kill, illii>i
llvlllK'. U llsllllli,'l'iM
jsl.in.l Kill!', illiwl
Islaii'liT. Ilii' --li'iinii'i'. illiisl
Islrnf |1..^'-
.1
. I, mill.- Mini's
.l.-iVivv^, II as
.LiliiKtiMi, Sir Williaiii
Williiiiii
Kair
.l:iiM''S
Slc|illi'll 111 r.illll' .....
.lu.lsoll, IJl'll K U
.liulu-.i SlM'llCiMS I. -Iilii lllll-l
IMOK
'*.''7
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41
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Miirliiii, <iiiv OliM'i- r
Miisi'S. I.nciiis
^1i■^sjNsa^rMa Iiiiliatis
Mild. I, III-.
Mini in . Iliiii .\ liii M ■
Mnsriiiiiiit;!', illiisl
Naplillia l,niiiiii|i, I'liiiiri' nl'
Ni'lsiiii. Ilm ■ A.
Niil-iiii, III- .1 I.. II . Illii-I
O
; oiivi'i-. I'lii or iiii- itii.vai .\iiiiii-i>
iisivi'i.'iiiii|iii'. Iiiiliaii Misslmi at
I'nili'i' Ilii' KiikIIsIi
I tswt'trii. * 'ajiliirt' of
(I'lkMiiir. Maji'i- .
(III! l-iiil I'li.iii.'iiai- mill MiiiliTi
Kiiiu'-iiiii
I I'Scal. Williain
I llil Srill llri'lMl lli.llsi'. illiist .
I llil Kml Carlliiii
I iiIl'Iii III I'lililinu' ill t'aiiaila
Kiiiiii'ilv. <;i'i> ^ •■ ■
Ki'Vi's. lion. l'ill'\ ... I-''"
ilaiilnoi- I''-
Kiiik'sloii Cit.v Hall, illiist l-i
Kti'i-iiii- railway I'|l
i'iolMrt's(|iii' ■"'••
Hrv iliK-k '■'■\
Cliiin-lu's ,. , ;•••'
KiiiL'. Mull I'li'stiin I'Hi
KliK, William H ^1
Kimlt, I'n.i'l.ir ' '
K.ilil. .Lilian li »' '-'".i
1,1 |.'alllilii. • ■ I""'
l.a Hii.. Islaiiil. ilhl^l :lil'.i
l.aSall.. 1-':. •!'."*
I.ak.. liiil;.'.'-
l.aUfiif 111.' Nl."-, lllii-: . ..
l.a Miiniilaili. .Ii.liii
I.awliiii. SylM-sl.'i-
I,.. \{a\ . I '..lint .liiliK's 1' ....
, \i Ill
I,.'i\ 1^, l,\ iiian II
|,ik!iI-Ii.'1i~.'s, illiisl
I,ini'..ln s .\iiiii.-.iv 1.. Iit's.'rii'i's
rri'si.l.'iil .Miialiaiii .
.\~~as>illali.ili "f ''•'■'
•• l.illli' l-'ranil," illn-l I--'
l.i.|iit.'li. illnsi -''*:l
1.I..V.I. .li.lin I'll
I,...ikiiii; KaM riniii s kn Maml I'."'.
l.i.in;. ,l..liii 1''^
1,1.1 in;.', Cain. .Iiiliii i;'.i. 1^1
l,.isi Cliaiiiii'l, illiiM ■-'"''.I
l,"ssini.', |ti'iis.,ii .1 ■.Ml
r
I'AGK, ' '■'■
111.'., Ill , Sinitli. .luilj.'!' ...
. . . HI .li'SSl'
•jnT Siiiiw in Wati'rluHii SIrr.'Is.
I|;| Siiiin'r, Ili'ii CiislaMis
I'll S,.ii~.if l.ihi.ily
:iii| liiili.iii.iii iiil..
S|..iil NIaii.l
S|.|..ir, II. Ill Henry . . ,
l-'aniih
."'■"' S|ii'ii.i.r, II. Ill .liiilp'. |iia/./.a of Ins
limisii. illiisi
liiiiKi-aiiliii-al skfli'li iif
I'orli'.'iil of
|{.-,l,|,.ll|.t' of
Slaplis. 11. II
Hiaiioii Islan.l
sioni', I '.'loiM'l, iinrlrail of . . .
Stiii'\ . .laiiH'S
SI. I'.auri'i lii'.il l-.slali. .\s>iii''ll
I irii.'ir^of
SI l.a" loiii'i' Cliili-lionsi'
Siinp'on Caiit.-lit in llii' liivor
sinnnii.r ('ami', iliiisl
siilnmi'i |ia.\. .\ lla|.|'.v . iHn^l
Sill railsMlli'
SiilTall,.lolin II MIS, lii',i
Mrs
Swi'i'I, Svlvanlls
:ii;
:'>l
II
l',i
i;
III
r;i
ii'ii
17
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I'alinil, lion .liisi'i'li , . .
I'alisailos, vii'W in tlic ., .
I 'ark. K Kiik .
I'arki-r. Il"ii .\ .\
I'lilli'ison. ('oinnioilorr N
I'll! II. It War..
I'a\ II.., .lohn .\
r..|.|. Sir Uolieri . .
I'.'i'li.r. .loi'l .
I'lii^,.. i: .1 11. .ilito
^VhiK
I'liaii'iix, I'ii'rrt'
l'll..||.s, Kiissrll
I'ilijrinis. Ilii'
V\tt././:\ ot .liiiln'-Spon.'ir
I'oplii^ Assoi..iali..ns ..f III.' Islan.ls
l'ii|i|..iiii man. illii.*!
ir.'
I'osi oilii-
anion;.' tin' islainls
.. ;: ■l'al«.riiai.|i' al 11
.".7 illiist
1.1«, II'-' Tavlor. I'l'ink 11
ins. in;, |-.>;i ' I'mirail ..f
I.".; ■riiavi.n.lana^'.a, Imlian 11
M'.l Tli..iisaiiil Islaiiil I'aik ,. ..
Kiiiu'-t..n In .Miliin.n
. .. I'lil'.i |ii.si.|i|iti..n of
|s:i, |..i-,' (lull. M,.inl>..rs ol
I'.I ' cliili lion-..
..I 'rli.iinpson. .l.niatlian . .
Ilmiso •.';! •nii.insiin lion. Win. M
■.'r.i ri.l.s in 111.. I.iik..s..
ir.'.i ■nil... cliain of
saml Islaiiil I'.irk.
•U.
Manliatlan Islan.l ami .lii.li;i' S|ii. in ii'r.
Mart. '11.' Tow. .IS at Kini^st.ni ...
Ma.- Cliarl'.s ...
Ma>s..v. l.i.'iit -Coloni'l
Maj'l.' Islan.l an.l lis lliTinit
M'.Cornii.'k. Mis N.'tlic K
M.'.lal of Cliassnais C.
Mi'ii 1 llav.. M.'l ..11 111.' (iii'at lfi\i'r
Ml. rick. Hon 1', H,, illnsi
.M il.. la H.irii'
Morii-k. KoHl.'r ,V Kssi'Istvn
Mi'l.i'iinan, I'l'li-r U
Mi-CI. •11.111 li.'ii 11. ...rp' li
M.'K.n/.in, Win l.von I,"if'
M.'Nali, Sir ,\llan
Mill. II. .toil. Sir Kri'ilnrirk
Mill.'r. Hon WarniT
Mill.' ls|''s iif Cri'inizin
M ■■'. Toni, lloat ,s..nK'
M.'riis. U .i...|.|
(ioiivfrni'iir
I'.it h.,|. s n..ar till
l'..Ui'li.'i, I'aplain
l'r..itt. lianii'l,
( ■alviii I'.
I'rim.i...f Wal..s .
I'llllnian, II. 'o M
I'.irtiait of
Kisiiliiu r
I'ainiU of . .
I'alisa.lcs.
.'|ii
ii;
I'.i;
;s
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TiLi lli^ for 111.- ll.'X, illnsi
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(, n -, InmisiH, Kint'sl.m, i ml
illnsi
(.iiiiiil... Il.'iy .'f
K
■•'11 Van l|..rii
:''iiii \'an \alk.'iiliiir(.'li
:;i;."' \-,iii \..isl . . ■
:ii'."' \aii'li.rl.ili, William II , s:i,
:!iil (■ornclni-.
\'aii Ki.ii-s.la.r, i..n . I".'!
Van SIvk.., M;irtiii
s,") Vw» .il Si.v.ii Kli-^, illnsi
Vii.» Ir Iml^'i. Siicnror's loui'i-
i:;..| illii-t
pis Vii l.ilia, 1,111... .11
l:|(i
lit.">
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Kainv llav al llii' Islan.ls
Ki'si ; Vain., of
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■•'' i Ui'i's.', U..V. Iir
'•"•' I Ui'al. (onnt l'i..in' l'ran...iis ,
■"s Uiiins ..f l-'.iit llaliliinanil ,, ,
ISi
^1
IS) Savatri', ,\iitn'tti' ■ ,,
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