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'1' ^ 1 t^v^. ^Ie-'ij^.^|.' ■'■V rerft. ^*- 7 -- - e^* ix'-^-; ?''*«?*!^J \ V A.4.r.\ ^ &K\\^- •'< ~i IIIK illVL'S thiit ; iiitcn nf th tlif (.; of th Ciiliiii I'll' L'll Ti Mr. S I iritis Colli;. I'iil,li( Xnva •'f til, Illi'tllO wlifih liy rht u.'n- i thv fV ihiin t Tl; own ai "l';ui:il llUtWl't CAN A 1)1 AX COALS-TIIKIK CO.MPUsri'iO.N AM) I'SIX lU KDWIN (ilM'IX, .M.A.. I'.fi.S. I"K wntu- having Wvu vn^n^.d .l.,n„^ the ,,ast vv-.v m a., oxt.nsivo invostii^at.nn ,ut.. tli. pr, :pmu..s .,r th. clu..!' X„va S. ,„an ....Is, tlion-l.t that u l.nd' (Wnption ..f tla- luo.v tvpi.al M.nns .u.„I,| „,,( I,, witli'niit ii.t.'ivst to the iiu.hiIkts ..fthc Institute.; an,! as ,h..iv is hut Ihilv k,iuw„ "I the cual (Krusits of th. ivst of thr Doiuiui,,,. hcvoii,! tho ivports ul' tli^' "liHvis nf til. (K. ,|c,nic,,l Survey, the vMUt has a^hk.l a l-rid' nulice "' ""■ m-n- MUMien, cals of the .North \V,..-.t 'IVmtorv aial Uritish <'"liin,h,a. showinn. the vah.e of the eoal in.cvsts „f a portion of the iUnmuai -.vhieh is oraduaily l.eeo.ai„o. app.veialed a.s a suitable field I'll' t'UUirration. Tile writer takes this oppurtunity of aekiiuwleiluiiiu- his ol.jinatinns to Air. Seluyn. Direetor nf tii- (le^h-iej Suvv.y, ,nr iiif nuation'ahnut the l:i'i:>l) Cniunii.ia c-als. m the niaua-ers of several nf tlie Cape I'.relun <-"lii;nes. and to Mr. K..;. Alillid^e, the i^uulenian in eharge of the Tuhh'.' \\(irk.s in CajiL' llreiou. The ehief availahje infurination relative In tiie eouipositiun of the Suva Seotian eoals is found in the reports ol' the -eolouind survc^v and scattered analyses made I.y various eheuiists. Unfortunately the Value ' r these reports for eoinparison is materially alleeted by "the various ""•thods of analysis eniph.yed, hy it hein,- fn.piently left in douht as t.. ^vhether the eoals were eoked Uy a slow or fast apphVation ol' heat, and I'.v rlu' tiu't that in many eases samples of the best portions of the seams Here analysed, and the results -iven as avera-es of the whole lied. In tile following set of analyses the samj.k's weiv averages selected either t'roin the pit heaps, from eargoes, or irom the working face. The writer would not i..sume to claim any greater aecnraev for his ou-ii analyses, but considers this their chief value, that as the same method ol analysis was applie.l t . all, a bett -r eouipirisui cm b, made not only I'Llween indi\idual seams imt also between those of \arious distriets 2 CANAniAX rOALS— Til Kill ("OMl'OSITION ANT) ITSKS. In tho fnllowinir aii;»ly«'s tlu' niotliod pursued in tlie Labdratory of the I'cimsvU.mi:! Stiiic Survey 'ins liccn iiilo|ilc(l,iiiiil is liridly as lullows. 'I'lic iiiiiisiiirc is ilcicriiiiiird l)y lu'iiliiiu: at 'J\'J dcyrrci'S I'nv one iunir. or niitd the sinupk' ccims to Insc wrin-lit. Tlic iicrcciitauv ol' vnhitilc iiiirivd I'lits liy t'.ist (• ikiiii:' is Lint iiy licntiiiL;' the ''nal in a Idoscly-cuvrrcd lilatin.mi cniciMc imiil the lims I1;iiih' erases tn lie visiiilc. then a nearly wliile heat is ;i|i|ihed lor iilmilt li\e minutes. The liereentaLiC cii' Vnhilile matter liv slow cnkiiiL;- is not hv raisinu' tiic lieat very <;'radiiailv, and finally .ijiiilyin;:- a nearly white heat as iielure. The total sul]ihur is estimated hy fiisiiii;' one frrammt- of the coal with ten (d'carliniiati' of sndium, and six of nitrate of |iotassinin, dissolvinn' tho fused mass in water aeidulated liy hydroehlorie acid, and then ovaimriuini,' to dryness; re-dissolvinii' the residue in dilute hydroehlorie acid, addini:' water and |ire'.'ii)itatinii' the snljilinr hy chloride of harinm from the filtered solution. The sidplnir present as sidphate of ealeinm is irot liy buiiinij with carbonate of sodium, and deducted from the total anioinit, and the necessary correetiiai.s made, for the .suljihnric acid present in the carbonate of sodium. The ashes >re ,<;ot iiy the usual process. In this jiaju'r the ton is invariably the lonj: oiu' nf 2.1*4»» lbs. The localities of the Nari'ius seams and collieries will lie I'ouiuj nairked on the maps aecoinp.inyiuu' the papers coiuribiited by the writer on the I'ictou Coal-lield. and the sidmiariue coal ol" Tape Breton, 'i'lu? calcidatioiis of the theoretical evaporative jxiwers ol' the lixed earltoii aij;, for compai'ison with the residts of the IJritish naval steam-coal trials, j^ot by UeiiiiauitV formula, although later researches have somi'what modilied the values determined by him. The followinu analyses of the Cape IJreton coals have been arrauued in descendinu' order, in conf'rniity with the results arrived at \>y the officers of the Geological Sin'vey. Althongh this arrangement (d' the horizons of the various seams differs .somewhat from that proposed liy the writer and others, he thiidis thai the results of a survey exteniliiig over several years form the most reliahle ginde. The following table shows the arrangement of the , seams analysed in their supposed equivalency : — CANADIAN C'OAI-H— TIIKIK COMI'OSITION A.Mi I'SKS. H CilW ItAY I)|!trilUT, Tllll't\IIL>AB til.Al K llAV DlsTlllir. riiii'kiji'SH SVIiXKV DisTIlK T. I Tlilckii"«« ij , III SiiUlls ,. ,,. I e \i 1I1U'KI|"H« •Slrutii, n. Id Stmtii lll'"-k I >, ., \ nii.ck lliillsi' I ' ~ ( lIllllSl- Stmtii 150 7 Si'iiiii K. ;{ 2 St rut II lis u Mmt,i. I Ft. In. I.ittl. ana Mtiiitii. Ft. In. ""'' , y « (ila.r CniM.l.il 1 1» Itav Iliirliiiiir (! ;t2i) ;j , Lit lie \'ic(,,ii:i t; Vic|,,ri,,| 375 5 lia.kl'it I 1) 112 y :«y5 11 I I Nil. ;i. I- I I .. I no I \ M.'AiilMV 5 (! (iiiwi-i,. I I'||..1;,„ 'f* •; "'"^'"''""■"'' I Lin^'Mii / j^ / 1» I In Tunuito Ilri! Si;.\.M (nf |j-tf|,. (ih,,,. iJayj.— Althniinl, tli.' hiii.l ;iri,;i nf tlii.s srani i.s cuiiiiiariitivL-ly liiuitc\' tlifcniil milled is siiituhle for liliicksiiiitlis' wi.rk. mikI 1i;isI.itii used tu ii siimll cxtfiit lor cnkc niakiii-:. llAitiioi I! Sr.AM iSiiiliii'^- I'it).— Tliiscoiil isiilsn wdrkccl liy tlic Kittle (iliKT r.av «',.. 'I'lie ( I is liiliiiliMled. uilli :i j>ileliy liisire, some (.1' tlie liuuiine i'tinu' dull iiiid lieiivv: iiiiieli iidiiend clianMnl mi llie depusitioii I.laiies: liille visil.le iivritrs. rriiuarv pliiiu s al ri'Jn aii-l>'s Id deposilinii lihilies. Willi lilius nf wliit.' eafl»ilialr ol lime and ip'ii. Seeoiidary jilalies ineliiied iriv-iihirly lo primary, and in depusiti..!! planes at aii.ules n|' ("id tn (;."» decrees willmnt liliiis nlspar. Si:i I iiiN. ('()M1M1>ITI(1N. Mni^llU'l' N'uliitiU' I- 'inliu.tiliK' iiialtiT li\l-il iMlll '11 A>lii'< Tlu'ori'linil fMiiH.rativi' pnwiT Injuri"U> suli'lnii' Siu'i'il'u' ^riMvitv ■r,.liil Kt. III. :< 1 <; 1 a I Sluw C'dkliii,' I'unl ('iikiiiB. ■SO •«!( :;7H5 li'.i'lo (m'ii.'j tiry.'o I an i:io 1(.HJ'00 loooo 91 U SUM C.k.' \>Mcul;.r, liiinl, un.l Uiiirlit ; a^ti \.'i v Hl-IiI ivil ; iM.\M|,.r i f o iil .lir|. cli- Oiliil.' iv.l. At (iiie p-ini in the wurkiiius of this seam the pit water enuiains an lUiusnal (|Uaiiiity .il'lhe sulphate n!' iron. The tnllowinu- are the gas values of this ew.il as delcrmined dnriiiu' the jirc'sciit year : — MoMHKAi. Ni:\v CiTV (i\~(•,.^.l■^^v. Hamhax (1.\s Com !■ an v. ',l,:;(is (ia>, mliii' tVit iier tun ... !t."e(i (ins, cuiru- IVit |ifl' lull C'aii.U.' IHiuvi- l.Vl'O Caiuilol"'""' I'uk.' (j.'n(,.l) lm>liil> ■|0 ; I'nkc (MM'\ ;.MO(l,l llU.-llli> I r;:. an The coals tVi'iii the liidiand ilarliniii' Seams were ti'Sied snine years an '■ at lliilitiix. .Ill liehairol'the Admiralty, liy the chief eiiuiiieer of the tlau- ship, " Diiiiean." Ileiepi.rted llial they lii.th lii>hl up (|iiiekly, raise . i\lUtv SlllOdlll. SKcrrfiN. Colli, tci|l •I pioil .. P"h1 (liiilini;) Totiil ■ni''tn|.n,nl i. l,.fl fnrii v..„f „s it is i-atli.T rnnis, CoMPosniov. .Moisture ^'ollllii(' coniliiistililc iiiiittcr Fixi'd curlMm Aslics ... Ft In. I () :< !l :t !• -J Ull'SO. Slow ('(ikliitt. Past t'oklnif. ■fi(M» •fiOO :i!»IH(t JU'o.SO <>r)'')(iri caiOo 1 •:».').-> t;},-)-! oo-ooo KKHHH) S-Ui} S-!I7 203 — 1-292 Tlicon'ticMl cviiiinrativc ]io\v(.r Injiirioiis sii1)p1iiii' SiH'citlc L'l-iivil.v Coke pMftl.V .•nll.MVllI „M(1 VCsiflllll ; Msll .Invk lirick ivil. The Ibllowin- mialvsis, made in 1S7I l.y (Ik. Maiiliattan (Xew Yori<) (ias Cc, aii.l the results ol'tiirir (csts. uil! sh„w its o-,„„| oi.s .lualitics :- (ins. ctiiiic firt, stiimliiril vicid iiiiiMiiuini ., Caiulle iiowiT, stiliiiliird Coki' (l.l(!0 ll)s.) Ims: Cubic fi'i-t piiritifd h\ oii(> Imslirl of linit" ANAr.Ysrs. N'oliitilc innttov Fixed riirl)oii Ash !).r>(io KMilfi 1 ryoll 40 2.RI0 39-()0 r>7'50 3o0 Tlio nltiinato analysis was nmh atllalilax on l.clniirnr (1,,. A.liiiir„lty. Carl)oii ... Ilydropt'ii NitrofTi'ii t'xVfJJl'll Sul|iliiir Ash .S2-G(l t7!» I "M IIO 2r.l 'l-SO Tl loo-oo ''oal was trinl ..n l.o.nl II.M.S. •• d^nu-t." an.l lunn.l to raise steani t'lteen n.nmtos rjuickor tlian any c.al tliat Iia.l l.cvn snpplicl to the ship. CANADIAN COAI.S— .'HKIH COMPOsmoN ANI> TSKS. Wlion lm^O(l^vitll twico itswoij^ht of Tillory RllocnVcIsli c^nl a saving el' !•_> pi'V (Tilt, over tin- Welsh coal aloiio was ivportcd. Tlio i.oironta.sie of asli and cliukrr was \ ory small. Tho only objoction to its iisi- in war vossols is tlu' laruv amount of (Iciisc smoke .liixcn otV when tlio fires are jnished. 'i'lu' mine water has a ixAverfiiUy corrosive action on tliepniiips wliieli had to he lined with wood. The loUowin-xaiialysis of it is hy Mr. C. lloiVman, of the (Icoloirical Survey:— (•oN>Tirn:Ms in l.WO I'auts ok i iik Watimi. Siis)H'niU'(l iiiutlfv ('(iiisistinjr of fori'ic oxide *Siiliilnivic iiciil mill oviTitnic uiiUtor In Soi.nioN. Iron (us )H'v-salt) Iron (us jiroto-siilt) Miinaranosi- Alimiiniiuii .. C'alcimu Miipucsimn Pi>ti>ssitnn ■■ ■•• Sodhim Silii'a Snliilinvio iiciil ... Chloviiu" riiosjihovio ivciil Orpiiiic luiittov VicTOUiA Coat, Seam. Section. Roof snudstoiu" Coal, gowl „ slatoy .. >roeneh hrioht shininsi- compact coal, primary and secondary planes irreirnlarlv inclined tn each other, and tothodqiosition planes, rrimary planes coated with a little calc-spar, deposition planes have a little mineral charcoal, 'i'he upper portion of the lower hencli lias a slii;'htly splinty nppearancc, while the lower i.art resemhles the upper heiieli. hut is nmre lustrous, and has a cnhical iVaeture. This coal contains a coiisideral'le amount'ofviKd.le pyrites. In the more splinty porti.m of the seam it occurs in layers mi.xed with the mineral charcoal; and in the upper h(.Mich * foinbim-a with the ferric o^ide as a basic s\dpliatc (.f iron. <'ANA!>I,\N (•(.\l,--rili;U! (o !!.„., i.lo;, AM. ISKS. MS smnll mm-ImI.... Tlir wliolc .•.pprnnuur „r tl„. scun is utv ,n>„.|, i„ ii^< liivoiir; it is (■(.tiip;iri, iuul not liable U, rvniuUlv. Tlie cnal lias never I'lvii known t.. heat in earn-.), hut has .lone so when e\]iose(l in the slack- heaps. The speeilie oravily of the npper and lower benches isalniost i.lenlieal, tlie averaire hein"- I'l'IK). ("OMCIWI riON. .Miii>lun' \'i I:i;ilc (V'liiliiistililc iii;itt<>i' Kixcd (Mrlinii Ash . SIdiv CiikitiK. Kiist (' '2-D2 3 no 3-50 1(1000 lOOMH) riii'dvctic'il ('Viiiiiiniti\(' iKiwcr \)-,>7 S'fiM Iiijuriou-i siil|iliiu- 2S| I'okc l.ri-lil Mild vi'sicular; ii-li red. and iiicli:u>d I,. f,,nn dicker. The niana.ir.T. Mr. .1. Saher. writes-- W,. ,1,, ,„,t rec,.ii,nien(l the ''""' •"'"■ '-"^- '»ii' liii'I it "vll a.lapled lor Meain purpose^." It has n^t litvn tried lur e..ke. the slack sells readily lor steam and snn'i'iy piiriH.ses. Sydxky Skam. — Ih-i.si-ht compact cnal. lireakioL;- irrcuadarly. owinn- to the want of persistence .d" the secondary planes; liiil,. ndner.d .'h ire al ; iiiid visible pyrites: the primary i-lanes have nnmenai^^ lilms ..f caibciiate "Hime holding- nuicli caibonate .)!' ir-n. uhich o'ives ihc weathered coal a I'Hst V apnearance. Ski his. IJiicd". ;u'('ii;icoii\is shido (.'oal, pled „ Snft • 1 p'ed Total ... c'i)Mi'()srrioN. Ml list live \'(iliitili' ('iiiid)ustil)li' inutlcr Fixed I'arljiiii Ash 'rhcnrclical (napdrativc |ui\m'v Injurious sid|ihiir Speeilie trravity The averau'e of lour tests uave per ton — <«as (eid)ie feet) ., Candle jxnver Coke, ^'iiod I Ills.) Vol. XXVU -ihjM. rt hi. I ;{ 1 9 r, 2 Slow CiikiiiK. Kist CokiiiK l-:^(io iL'do 33'Si() ;{5r.ii. reton coals: — Moisture :Vi:5 I U.s. ..f stvam to nno of mM Voliitilc ('..nilinstiljU' niiittcr •S,VX\ fi'i'in 212 (U'srvt'i's ■■90 Asli ,. (>7'r>7 Ash iiml diiikfr in'v ccit. ti'OO r.ii) I TluM.ivlii':il evMimriitivi' jKiui'V i» 2r> lOOlH) Frnm a comj^arison with the trials of Picton cnal made at the same l.lace (see pa-v i':'.;'.). it will appear that the I'ictou c.als ].roved snperinr, althou.srh coiuaiiiinsr double the amount of ash. The followin.u- table sh.ws the comi.ositi^m of the ashes of the coals described above : — I'.l.K-k Hiiusi'. Hiirliour. Viotoriii. Syitncy.t In 111 I'l'i'dxiiU' ir)t!2i (!:i;{r)5 .-)»!■:) la 5i^;i;» Aluiiiiiiii :V25o S-2S0 y\ i,-j(i fsi. lusclutilo silit'iiius 1 i-siiluo ;55 110 21S72 27-500 2i)57 .Miitipmesf — — l-illiO — Mii^rnosisi I'lOO tvai'f. •035 •23 Lhiu" 5125 into 2-51)H 3^o5 Suliihiiti' I'f liiiu' — — — loiis SuliiliuvH' ii>'i9f>!»:« l<'"-«'0 The se<-ond seam that is worked to any cNt.nt, and which ma> In' distin-,nnshed as the Phclan Seam is also known as the :Mc.\ulay an.i Lingan Main. » Tliooreticiil eviiiii.rative luiwi'i- friiin Hi-fjiiault's f.ivuiula. t Analysis tiv Dr. H. lb'". X In tliis anil the fMllowin- analvsos the alkalies were estimated only when tn.y apiieared t«) be ineseiit in iiuantity. CANADIAN COALS— THEIH (TOII'OSITION AND USKS. 9 .^FcArr-AY Si;am fofCow r.ay).— Cial Iiiack, witli laiiit {' mineral cliaivual on tin.' (k'pDsition pianos. This coal sometimes oxhihirs lonr cleava<,'e ])lanes. 'I'he two i)iiniary ones are at n^lit anjrles to each other and the deposition planes. The secondary planes are nearly at riuht anu'les to the deposition, and inelined to the ]iriinary ])lanes at an.ules of 70 and .s.", decrees. The ]irimary planes have nnmerons lihns of eale-spar np to ..lu-lburtli of an ineli thick; hardly any visiule pyrites. Coal tolerably CMnii)act with nearly black powder. SKCI'ION. Kiiiif, iirt'iiiici'iiiis shale Cditl (roiif). I'diii'so „ soft, with < sidiTahlu siiliiliur i> ffooil „ splint Floor sandstone. The roof coal is stowed in the mine. C'OMI'OHITIOX. .Mdistuii' ... Vdlatilo I'omhiistililc matter Fixi'd carhdii Ash Ft. 111. 6 1 (.) 6 9 1 2 8 5 6 Slcjw ( 'okiii„'. Fast Cokiny. •50 -oO I's-l;! iji-u Willi G2-7a 536 5-3G ItlOtX) lOOOO Tht'ori'tical ovaporativi.' ]iowoi' 9-05 8G:i Injurious siil|)lnir . ., :i'71H Spiritii- p'avitv MMO — Coke jKirtlv culu'ivnt ; ash iiurpli>li red. This coal has been nsed lately chiefly lor steam and domestic purposes, and has proved a fair gas coal. It lights readily, and forms an easily managed tire, havinji' very little elleet on fiirnaee hais. It was for several vein's used in considerable .pianlity at some Ain<'rican enpper works, and formed a satisfactory fuel. The water tVom this seam has a corrosive aetion on the pnmps. and is said to be similar in composition to that already noticed as found in the workinos ,,r the I'.loek House seam in the same district. In the retorts of the New York (las Co., this coal yielded per ton— U. 10 CASAIHAN COAl.S — THKIU CO.MI'OSrilON AM) IJSl'.S. (tns (cubic feet) CiuiiUo )"nvi'v Ci.ki.', j,'i" il (Ui>) (ias jiurilii'il In miu l)i.,>liil nf 'iiiR' ... aooo luOU l.L'oO li.ltli) PllKl-AX Skam (Ciili'dniiian ('(illicrv).— Tlu' cniil on tlio wrst sulc nf tlR' jtit is innikTiiU'ly foiupiict, with liriiilit iiiicliy lusiiv. miicli iiiimTiil diiiiviii.!iii>l iiu visiiik- |iyrius. The soi'diuliiiT piiiiU's iiiv iiiciiiicd m ihc ]»riiiiiiry Mini ili'pnsiiidii |ilaiirs :it aiii^ics nf (;."> iiii'l 7."» drurccs. ciiiisiiii? thf iMal tn lircak in rlnnuliniihi! tdriiis. 'I'lir i.riiiiarv |ilaiK'S liavr ainiinliiiir tiiiiis (.r calc-siiar. wiili carlMiiali' <>{' ii-mi and siilpliaU' nl' liiuf. TIk' ciia! oil tlu' cas! siitu i.s unt sn l)riL;-lil, and lias a liiilu visilik' jiyritcs, hiu no cali'-spar tilm.'^. 8i:cTiox. Hoiif, tiro-i'liu ... Cdlll (V(Hlt'), CCKlIViL' ., p)od Kire-c'liiv Ccial, giuHl Ft. III. Ft. In. 8 — — 1 H — ;{ 6 — a — 1 (> 6 10 rii'.DV, liiU'd nvciKU'i'iins livo-i'liiv. Co.Mi'o-niu.N or Cum, riio.u \Vi;»t mdk oi-- I'n. slow (.'Dkiiiii. Fast ( okiug. Mci-itiiri' Vnliitili: f nnbustiblc niiitti'i- Ki\i'il I'ili 1)1111 A>li •10 •10 :i7-l() :;h'S5 G:it'>2 tJioa li-M;i i)-7-' 00-00 10000 8-5H «• I'.l •785 — l':i70 — Tlu'ilTtil'.ll fXillH v;iti\i' llnUlT liii:iiiH\i> sr.l|ibiir Spucitii' Lrni\itv C'nku luirlly cobrrciit luid >nft : !l^ll li>:lit grov. (.'o.Mro>ii iii.N ui- ('o.\r. i-'noji \'..\>t Sim-: ok I'l'i. slow ('iikiiif. I''ftst diking. .Miiisluvc N'libilili' ciiuibu.stiblu uuiUlt Fixed carbiiii Asb Till'. net iciil evii|iiii-iiti\e imwer Iiijiiriims .sMlpbur S)iecilie fri'iivily Cdke \e.sieMliir and soft ; asb (.'vevisli wbite. •!I21 •!»21 2M-()25 30^3 12 (U021 t;2-a3 1 (5t;{:{ ()I33 loo-iioo KKIOCHJ H'78 8«2 1105 — i^3ao — I CANADIAN ('((Al-S— TIIKIH COill'OSITIOX AXI) I'SKS. 11 This enul is oxiH.rtcl to tl.o Now En-^huul Shitos diiotiv lor gas and .stt'iiiii inii'poses. Diirino. tlR. iMViic.t ymr it yiehkcl, at the Muntrcaidas AVorks, po ton )fi' (iiis, niliif I'lvt Ciikc, l)iislu'ls (i'aii) 8,'JOU 1425 3() Ui;sKUVi;Co,.M|.;KV.-Tiu. i>hda.. s.a.u, as uork.,! at this ruHierv prrscnls no stro,,,. ,„.i„ts of ,iilll.,nKv, c-xcrpt that Mun. of the hinunli^ ■"V -1 M hin-hly hiMn.ns jVt i.la.k .ulour, uhid, nrnkos it loriu ono of the liaiidsunio.sl of tin. (.'ape lUvum coals. .Skltiu.n. Ft. lu. 3 6 y 6 Hodf, scii't blue shiik- t'dul mmjI" JSoft blue slwle C'oiil, good Floor lire-cliiy. CoMPO-snioN. .Mi'istuiv Volatile cniiibustiljle iiiiitter I'ixed eai'bou Ash Theorelicil eviijidrutivo )i(i\\er Iiijiiridiis siil|iliiir S))eci(ie <,Tii\ity Coke vesieiilar ; aslies li-l,t, and of j,Mvvi.sh brown eol.n.r. The t''ll«>win- uhi.uate analysis of this coal was made at the JJoyul Slow C'okiiitf. Fast Cokiug •52 •53 ;{i2i 37-()0 o'J'73 o(;-3i u'ul 5'5|. . lOO'OO loo-oo «-iy 7'8() 1-2.12 — . r2so Sehuol ol' .Mines, London: Carbon . Hvdroj,'en tJxvfjen f Nitrogen > ' Nulplmr NVater .. Ash The lollowiiiir is its gas yield in Xew Yofk:— < las, eubie feet, iier ton Candle power . Coke, to hii-heN of ;tS 11)>. < I'SKS. LixoAN Mai\ Sham.— This iMial is wvy similar in aiipciirniKv to that worked at i\\v Wv^vrw r.illii'ry. l)iit is umrf oiiiipact. iiiul wiili a coii- sideniUle amount of visil)l(' [tyritus. SixrioN. Coiil, '^iiinX „ iiyiitDUs Firi'-t'luv Cuiil, piml C'o.MrosiTiox. Mdistiiiv Voliitile combustible luiittfr Fixoil I'iii'bou . Ash Theoretical evup(jrtttive iiower yulphiir SSju'citic jrravity Kt. III. . \ -.i 2 11 1 5 8 8 slow t'okiin;. Fast CDkiuu. •75 ■75 31«1 . 37-26 C13y 58-71 3-25 325 10000 lOOOO 8-+a 8-00 1-356 — l-:!y8 — C.ike vesicular and hard; ashes li^rht ^'rey, with tiiif:c of red. This coal has been used chiclly for yas-niakin-r ; it is also a fair house coal. The followinu' are its gas valufs in Now York: — tias, cubic t'cct, |H'i' tiiu (.'audh' iiowciv Cuke (lbs.) Gas i)Ui-itied by duo bushel of lime !),520 12!)2 1,150 2-200 Its slack is well adapted for blacksmiths' work, and is said to have been successfully tried for eoke. The results of an analysis oi' ihe seams described above is shown in the subjoined table. The analysis of the ash of the Lin-an main seam is by Dr. II. How. and taken from a [laper comnumieated by him to the Chemual Society of London : — Coi.UKUV. Fe/)„A1,0,.S,(),. CaO. MuO, so.. XaK, MkS0 TiMGo 8-HlO I 3-08 - -1)7 - - K'OIKki J (nottom.. 27750 mo -18(520 11-830 | .;:.2 - -37 - - U«"">^' Avcra^'c [• 21-66 6-t;'J0 57050 8-'J30 | 5 11 — u6 — wholescaui) loo-ooo CANADIAN <'OAI.S— rill-UH COM POSITION AXI) UHKS. 1 ;; The loIlo\viii!,r is tlio lowest of tlio sonins worlcod to any extent. The oiils IVoiii it liiivc not hvn lon-r enough in tlie market to aniniro nny (loeided status for i^as, steam, ete. SoiTil llKAi) Stkam ((\)\v |{,.|y).— Coal e(.m])act and not very l)ri,u-lit; laminated, witli a splinty appearance, ami a lew wvy thin layers oi' soft shaley coal. X.. mineral cliareoal on the deposition |.lanes. wliieh aro (inite smooth. A little \isihle jn'rites. SKcrniN. Coiil. iri"'(l Cln.v p.irtinjif Coal, ffddd (two i)!irtiiijjrs) Ciiiil. iTddd Ciiiil, (•.iiiMclciid ... Ft. III. 1 8 1 1 8 2 C 1 10 I'liior. hard ari'ii.u'eim.s tir,. cljiv. ("OJIPO.-'ITIOV. .Miiisiiin' \'iilatil(' (• iiiiliiistil)I(' niattcr I'i.M'd carliiiii Asli TliiMirctical cvaiwirativi' imwcr Injni'iou-i siil|ilnii- SiiL't'ilic jrvaxilv. avi'iaj::!.' 7 9 Slow r'ukiiiH. KiiKt Coking. l-7'i7 I'H'OdO (12'2ii:{ 7^70 10(.t'(HK> 2'(;.H l-:i82 r7r)7 2SS33 t:i-l30 7'SJ70 UXcooo 8-12 i'"]n' linn and coniiiact ; a.'^li l)iilkv, liu'lit ivddisli trrcv. The aiipearaiire and composition ..f this coal is in favour of its, heini,' a ,irn,.d steam c,,al. and it has never heen known to heat iu car.o-o. ft makes a niarketal^le <'oke. and is said to have yielded ,S.U()(» oid.ic leet of f'iNteen candle Lras per ton from sample caro-o. Ross Si:.\M (Kinery Cnjlirry).— C,,al compact, laminated and Instroiis, with much mineral claircoal on the d.'pusiti.m planes. The primarv and soeon.lary planes cut each other at ri-ht aiio'lcs. o-iviii,.; the in'okeii enal a nihical firin. The partinos haveim films of calc-spar, and the coal show.s 11(1 lyrites. Ski rii)N. Ft Iu. KiH'l'. Iiavd iri'cv ■j,'nid;Iialo ,u Coal, good ... ... ... J 5 l'"Ioor, tiro clav. ■i G M CANADIAN roAl.v Til KM! (dMI'osll'Iu.N AM) fSKS. Slow CdklM!,'. Fast CokiiiK •(!5 •(i.'i :V2-2l 8180 r.:v K> (iOflO 3t:5 ;vfi5 1 ( K »•( K) 1U()-(M> 87" » S'25 2-41 — 1-2S7 — Com i'ii-n'io\. Ml i-.t'irt> Vcliitili' ('(•iiibu^lililc initlcr I'ixt'd Pi»il)i>n ... Asl. 'riicnvi'tical cvininiMlivi' pcwi'v Iiiiiirinns siiliilmr S]ii'('ilii' irviivitv {'y]n' liiivil iiiiil vc-lciil;ii' : ii-li |inr)>lisli red. TIh' ('oni)iositinii dftlic ;isli ol' tin's cuiil is ns ibllnws: — Iron ju'ivixiile ... ... .. .. .. SS'T'M Altniiiiia '[XM] Silicious ri'-^iilnc ... ... ... ... ... ,"iO-('i7lt l.iiiu' I'20(> Miiiiiriiiu'so ... ... ... ... ... ... tincc. M:iiriu'>ia ... ... ... ... ... ... rol5 Snlpliiivic ill-id 1-();?() l'li.w|,linn,' iicid -012 Chliii'iiu' ... ... ... ... ... dccidi'd ti'iicc. .Ukalii's ]n(i'()30 On cxiiiniiiinv tlic altnvo nnalvsis, twd siiiall rmiiuled ]H'iir-sliii]M'(l siliciuiis jioliMcs wci'c round. iVont (inc-tifrii tn onc- tliiiM of an incli in diainctcr. Wlun a (jiiantitv nl'tlio coal was vonolily inilvcriscd several iiKU'e were '.'i<\-\u\ wliicli appeared to lie ass(jeiatt'il with a-layer of tho cisil which ]lre^enred a ilull and shaley a|i|iearanee. ^'lie ultimate eonijiosition of this soani as woi'ked at tlio SehodiiPr Tond Colliery is — Carbon 78'1() H.vdrotrfii 5-18 OxviTcii and Xitri'trcn ... ... ... ... 7"'Sl Suliilnir 2-1!) Water 2-(i7 \ssi(,ii nf no pnsitivc iiif'oi'iniitii>n as tn its ipialitics. 'riic lurciroiiiM- analyses show that, (heoretically speakinu', tliero is a frreai iiiiilni-iiiiiv in the coiniMisiridu (.1' tlie coal scams dl' th's tlistrict. and this is liMnu' nni in practice, the chici" (lillciviices h-inn- in iho vicld of ti-as and their CMkini;- values. .\s far as can lie ascertained, thev are all ■'' f "i> 'I r^"' :i^ ••^••■:nii enals. and all yield a !aii' donKstie fuel. It is to l>c reuTctted that with the exception ol'tlic Sydney main scam Unsystematic trials lia\-c ever hccii made of their evaporative powci's. At port ilonil.nn the western shore of the island, where several seams arc c\]i iscd. a small colliery has been recently . opened ( nc oT them, which, it is said, has n thiclsiiess of six feet. <'oal tolerably coni]iaet, Instrc moderate: very much jiyritcs in bands, and small iiodnles: a little mineral charcoal, but no calc-spar : primary planes at riulit aiiuies to bcddinu-; secondary almost eiitirelv waiitini,', yiviiiu: the coal a siiiootli fractnro mw wt^y, and an nneveii one across. CdMI'OSCI KIN. Mci.--tiii'i' V'dlalilf I'niiiliMslililf luattiT I'ixi'd cirliiiii A^l. Slow Cokiug. Fust CoUine 2o>,-, 2M3 :;i)\sl5 :il(:,-)j •il!>:.';J (!0'OSl'i u727 57;i7 loo-ooo lOo-dUO 811) 8-23 5-51 — 1'277 Tlu'orotical cvajKinitivo jiowor ... Suljiliur Spi'fitii' trnn itv <'oke iiulvi'i'uk'iit ; asli liirlit red. The writer is imt aware that (he cnal ]inssesses any special qnalitv I'ecommeiidin.ii- it for the market, and the amonnt of sulplim- present will prove a serious drawback. u\ l.\SAI>I.\N COAI.S— rilKllt COMPOSITION AND IS'/S. At Piroiul i'i>\i' mill Miilmn tlicrc is mm inlt'i'i'si'm;,' ('\|»(isii\' n\' ilu' piMiluctivc ris is of n ci-np sa!ii]ik' tVnin diic nf the scams at llmail <'iivr. ."p I't'ct ;! inclu's iliick. Cnal t(i|(",';ilily (•.■in]iari, of a I'lsTmi'^ l)I;ick cnlniir, ainl lainiiiatcd ; priiiiarv ami sccmKlary plaiirs iri'i'C'iilijr; wiili a li;ilc \ isjlijc pyiilcs. Winn Itoik'tl in a snlulinn nl' potassimn livili'ati' it 'j'w i s a Iirowiiisli vcllnw culdnr. Pn\V(l(.T lilackisli limwn. ('ci\iro-i ; idv. V'nliitiU' ci'inliii-tilili' iiKillcr l-'i\lll IMvll 111 A>li 'I'llcnVcticil i'\:i|inr:l!iM- )Mi\MM' ^iillilmr Sllft'iru' LTMV it V slow Cokliij; Tast. C'ciliiiii; 7-:i I 7ii I •J"./.") :i2' in .")(;•>() r.nis l«fl5 III!.-. liinoii idirnn 7<1| c.sT Mir. 1 liiUl t'c'kc ii.nll> C'lii'ii'iil : ii-^li ri'ildisli linnvii. 'I'lic l!()),iri 111' the ( ii'MJdo-iciil Snrxcv ni' ('anaila. datcil Mav. \>1',\ pi\rs aiia!_\srs nl' several "i' t!ie ilroad ( 'nve si'ains, IVnin uliirli il apjiears llial ilie\ liie I'airlv I'eiueMiiled ill ! he all i\c analysis, e.\ee]it in ilieaninimi e nl' the enai analysed almve, iheic would lie no less than ](;:.' Ihs. ol' water in exciy inii. The ii'Siihs dl' this afe that a laree amount "f Ciirhon is diverted irom iis lei^itiniale aetimi < ii the water in the hiikr in the task ol' e\ ajHiratiiiu' the wiitei' cniilained in itself, and the weight <<]' the I'licl is inei'eased in [ii'LjuirtiMn to the pi^rceiila^c orellieieiit earlioii. TIIH riCTOf COAL-l'IHLl). The lie'.»-rt of the \' Canada lor iSdS, contains s'l lull rnd c;irei'iil a set of analyses of the I'ictou coals, hy the late .Mr. llarUcv, that the writer wnidd not have added the I'ollowinu' results, were it not that nearly ton years have elapsed since the re])ort was )inlilislied. CA.NAIHAX ('i)AI,S— Tlll'.Ill ('((.MlMSITlo.V AM) TSK.-t, 17 (li.riMf,' which tii.u- fivsh wiiii,i„,K.s h;ivc. hecu opened mt, aiid tho Inees t'l" (he old iniiiL'S uiviitly adviiiiced. IMcn.r M.us Snam.-Ah worked at Mie Fn„rd pit ..f th. Uahl'.x Company. ^' '"'"I""''' '"•'■-■''f- '""" sonu'what, im.,nlaHv iun.inatL..l with imevcn to siih-'honchoidal iVactiir..: imi.'h niiiuTal rJnuToal mi, .l..p„sitiun l-laiics; prinnry planes well detjued. with lilms of ..al.-spar ; secondary planes ,!;cncrally not well .Ictincd. and inelined (o primary and depnsitio,, planes at an.^les of 70 and so denxt-s; no \ isil.le |.yri[es.' Xo recent nieasnrcincnt of this seam l.ein-'av.iilahle. the seetiou passed ihnMiuh dnrin.y' the sinkinj-' ol" the pit is <>:\\vn. iSui-i'iox. ('mil, C'liiivso .. piid Iniiistdiic 1)1111(1 .. h:iiiie i.ills. iVom tw. t> ten inches thiek, to he noticed rnrther on. A caiviiilly avera-vd sample ,-i'avc : CoMl'dSiriON. ^, ,, , slow Cnkiiij;. Fast C'okiiii,'. ^y^'^i'^y^' 1(15 iHjo V'oliitili' c-nnibnstibli' iiiiitter ... L'i;-|!» FixL'il I'lirhiiii ... ... . (!;{• II Ash 'J-;{,1 (1218 1)35 lOdiKi idiroo Tlit'ori'ticul I'viiixinuivu pinvor .. ... S'llS S'ly Injurious siilpliur 1'480 Spiritii" irnivitv 1^.;{H) _ Coke luml iiud conipact ; iisli lijjlit grcv. The coal IVoni this seam has for many years been c.vtcnsivcly used Tor -as-niauino- at IJu.ston ami llalilax. The lollouiii- is a rccent'rcport on yas vahics. (Ins, cubk- tV'ft, (UT toll -.,,^^^ Ciimlle power l-.^^^^ Coke, lbs. (t'iiir i(uiilitv) 13^5 Coal, very free from sulphur ami not liable to heat. 'I'he coke IVom this seam has now licen practically tested at the l-(»ndoner on Xova Scotia Iron (Jres.j 18 CANAKIAN rOAI.S— Til Kill fO.Ml'OSITION AND ISKS. An.m vsrs or t'oKi- M\isSi-\m. Miiisturi' Clirllnll S\iliilinv IMiiis)ili(iru' iir'ul ... Asli lOOMtO lOlVOft The (bllnwiiiu- iniiilv.'^fs arc of iroiistoiu' Imlls rdiind in the imiiii soain, nnd of a l>lack liaml irnii-lniic iniiin'iliaU'ly ovcrlviii,!:' the tlicii scam, and ncriirriii-' in lomls liavinir a tliii'kncss. it is slated, nl' two In (i\(' iiiclics : — \* II. ls7(i. 1877. 1 IC •.-5 82' 12 H:»t'.l •tJ2 •;w — •02 15 50 inrio Clay Iroiistc nif linll.s. lllack Hand I. 11. 1. Mnistun- 2'i:53 •431 •732 Iron lU'i'tdxiili' ... ... I.')';?!;! :!!)(;30 3r.'(i(i() Aluiiaiia i(ii)i:2 I uOOO 31 so Silii'l'iii'' I'r^iduc •780 2' ISO Iti'oK! Kiiiu' triicc 35SO ;i7so Miijriii'sia 1-(155 l-iiso •783 Miiiipiiii'si' traci' trai't' lir.of Sulpliur •(:i2 ■lidO •211 I'll' siihiii-ic iu'id ... ,. (U'ciilitl Irai'L- •307 •5S(1+ Tarli liiU'e' n- niiitti'V ( 'aril itiii' aciil. clc. ' not L'.-itiiiiati'd 1 . ••-1" i 32' |S2 100000 (11 10 27r)M) idO'OOo MetaU'.c iron 35^00 30'.Sl 2S00 ("l.AY iKd.N.-'ioNi;. — r.lack and Imiwii coKair. with bands nf dirty yellow: streak, yellowish hruwii ; IVaetnre, uneven ; veins and masses ct' wliite eale-siKir with iron: very little visible pyrites; exterior coating- of (ine-ibnrth ol' an inch dl' Ititiuninous shininj^M;oal, with films nf white culc-s]iar. P>i,A('K I'.ANi).— (.'ulDur l»laek, cmipaet and laminated, the dcpositiiiii planes lieinii' Itii.uht and sninolh ; slightly uolitie nn fracturod surfaces; streak, liver liruwn. Hkev Si:am (Halifa.x (".).)— The cnal from this scam resembles that from the main seam, but is more compact and of a rather coarser appearance. * Analysis niadt' in London. + (.'ontains a littli' )icvoxidi.' of iron. I l'lios])lioric acid a\fraf,'t' of two dotc'rinination.^. :< 7 1 It :< 5i Ni :< l> 114 3 4 6 10 TANAMIAN COALS— IMKIH roMI'OSITK.x AM) irSES. l!» Skction. ,. , vt. la 1 nai, I'liiirsi' ...... I, IrmiMtoiii' ('"111, very pind ., slmlov (Iioliiijj) ... .1 K I .. COllINC •• H<"i\ ... ■ I ('(Mll'St' 1'2 11 I" ili«' 'li|' unrki„.,s. .,, ul,i,.|, n|„.nilinii.s mv iiuu- f.nliiKHl, iIr. ilnllMlll liclll'll is nl'n',,,,,! ,|ii|,|i|v. CoMI'o.l 1 ION, .Mcli^lm■l• \ iil.ililf Cipiiilm-iliblc iiiiitti'v I'ixt'd ('iirl)iiii .Ux 'I'lifni'i'tical I'viipiirativf [niwfr Siil|iliiir Spucilic i;nivit.\ Cnkf imlvi'iMili'iit ; asli t':n\ ii-cMlmiml. Tills n.iilliii.slHHil fniiiKl udl Mlapted for sroaiii mi,! in,,, wcrkiii", i'lnl wl.on ii.i.xnl will, il,e cm,! :run, tlic' K„nr,l ,,it uvA,, mi iidihiniblc' StC'lllU Coill. A(Ai.i.\ Si:A.Ai.--'riii.s seam is (vm.sideriMl hy many u, he tlie westward e.\teiiHiu,i ,.rtlK. main seam, liie e..iitiiinity beiii- l.n.keii l.y heavy laiiits. Tlu" fullewiiio- seetiuM istV..m tlie Air pit at tiie liitercu|ni,ial cJmpaiiv's Cullicrv : — Slow Doklliif. Fast ('liking •75 •73 2n;{ |. '2o-S2 (!,s-r>( 1 •;;}■( 12 loll ib^u lOO'(K) l(K)-00 i»;ji» Stil ■i)i.-> — I 'MO Sl.C TIO.N. ('i)al, ;,''ii(i(l Siift lii-fcl.iv (lidliiijrl dial. fj;iiii(l ,. liard 1,'ivv •. goiiil .! iiift'rior ... Ft. In. y ;{ 5 <> (i 1 (J 2 1 IS 7 111 working 2 iect « inches cf tlio top coal is lel't as a rodf. Coal compaet, laminated and hi.strous; depn.sitioii ])laMes shuw much "iiiHTal cliarcoal; eleava,-e iv.uiilar in two directions, giviiio' fhe eoal a '-•iil)ieal thieture: jirimary planes hold eale-spar and a lew tilius of pyrites. •iO CANAIUAN COAl.S ■ llli;!!! COM I'DSITItiN AND ISKS. Com I'osi riiiN. W'liitilc iMiiil)U-.|ililc uiiitlcr I'lM'll IMl liill Ash 'I'lininiiiMl cvaiii r;lli\r pnUiT Sulphur Si'i'i'lllr ixww il \ ,.. slow fi.iaiiK' Ka,it('.>Klii«. L".)|(; :!1S7 liill'.l ,'i7-,,S Hilt i)l() NL'l 7;tu 1 iiiid — t '.'Ki' hiuil MUil i-nUipMcl ; ;i-.h ^rr\ . This ciKil li:is lu'i'ii hir^i'ly ('\|iii|-iril id M(iiilrc;il. mill used I't slrniii iilltl iliiinolii- lMir|'(i..(S, ;iiiil [\\> I 111 sniiir r\lriil iui'Liiis. Il is slalcil tiiat till' cual niakrs a iiiarkcialili' (■okc, luit llir urilcr has iint srcii aiiv samiilt's (if il. .Mt'IlCAN Si; \M ( \'ali' ( '..NiiTV. ) — This sram iiu'aMircs iVoiii scvi'ii to t'oiirlcrii I'fi'l ill lliirkiirss. Al ihr |iiiiii( wliiTc I hr sai iiiji's were si'Irrti'il it was 7 li'i'I - iiii'hrs ihirk. ami ihtIci-iI} I'l'ri' rr-'iii .i|i_v |iariiiiL;s. TIh' roal is ol' a liislr.iiis lihuk colour, wiih a fain; uroxisli iIiil;'!'; lamina', lino aihl \\a\_\ ; iho |iriinaiv ami socomLiiv |ilam'- iniiTsrri rarli (illirl'ailil iho ilr|'o>U ion |i;aMi s :. iil I lo olij ii |ilrl \ , ^i \ i iiv I llr I il'okrll roal a soiurw ImI I hiiiiilii iilal loi'in ; ilio |iiii!iai'\ I'hiius ha\o iininrr'iis lilnis of wliiii' ralr-:.|iar wilii a I I'arr 'i\' iMi'lionalr of ii'i'ii; in ono plarc lihus dl' Sclollilr ollr-iiili; I il llhll llllrk on III'; no \ isi I ilo |i\rit rs ; I hr wholo u\' the coal Is very coinpail in IcMin'c ami iinijorm in a|i|icai'ancc. ( 'OM I'li-l I lo\ Mii-lurc \'nlal ill- cmiiiImisI ilih' iiial li r l''l\lll IMlll.ll A-1 'riii'Miclii'iil CNuii.'ral i\i' jh.wi'I' III jiiricius siil|i|iiir ... Sjiifilir :^ra\ il \ slow I oKiiiK l*'tiNt ( ■t'lvillf,' 1 1!',!.'. (liiii:) l:!i.'i licii 1(10 01) liMvnii ■S."i This ciial is \\r|| aiia|'lcil I'iT sirain ami (k'liuslic |iiii |ioscs, as il is entirely withdiil clinker, ihc liar- ■il'thc CMliicr\ rnrnaccs lieim; [iraclically imallcrcil alier lour years liriiiL;. Il has n^i liecii used lor uas or cokc- inakin^' as ii is a free ImriiinL;- cual. Tliej-c are sc\cral other .-cams in the I'ia.-lein liasiii 'if the I'icioa Ciial-lield wiiieli liel.iiiL; loan n|i|iei' L'r'iii|i I'l' ;-eanis, w Inch, all liomji iiol yet o|ieiieil, iHdinise to he ol .■>ii|icrior iiiialilv lor slcani ami iiielalliir^icil licijiDSes •'ANADIAN ("(»AI,S— rilKlli coM |-osrii(>.\ am, , s|.;s. o| "i<- l-llowiiiu- 1,1,1,. ,;-iv.'s(lu'coinp.siii„n ..I'll,,. ,s'„.s of ....vrnil ,.r till' I'ict.iii siMiiis : — Mn\\\ .NriiiM l>>'.|i .S.ilhl ^Irl!i-;in .Sim ll'.'li |ri'..\i,l.' .".■!', ),1 71 1:. ( Aliiiiiiiiii .".■;i.-,i» 10-ilil,t 1 T'SiK) Sniiil mill ('|;i\ infill. Ni'i'SU'l r-,i(),> ( .M':i(lll / :i:i-.',u» l.iiiii' I;', 10 ha.T -•1 ■..■.,) ■1)S5 •I'l-) MiI!!l;.,1U'm' ... ■I.-,;, Ui'lIC IIDIIC Siil|il,,i,u' :i,'ic| •."ill, 1 L'-;.':',"i ' rs.'i l'l|i-.]i|hilic ^u'i, IL'L'L' is;).-, I-."), II) ('lil'liii.- Alk.ili,.. IIIIIIC 1 I'ilCl'-, llilllC (li'l'illi'll (,MC Il>il-_'|S |,I,I|I«I7 !K-S|.-, I'i;\( TICVI, |'|;i \|,s (»!' Till.; nrior COM,-,, Tu-,.s:,ii,|,|,s,,r ,■,,;,' fn.Mi |'iri,,;i uvi',. |,.sl,.,| :i| ||„. A i,,,.,'!,,,,, \;,vv "■'^''■^ '" '■^'•'- ■'■'"• ''"^'l- '"IIM |,;is,. I..,,, I,',,,,, ||„. .Mhion Minrs. "■'"■'^"'-' ""■ ' "^""1 '''■'•!' ^■•mis. ll„.,v |„.i„,, „> n(!„Ts II,,,, n,„.|„.,|. ''Ill II l-s n-l slJlfr.l uhii'l, M.;|!|| |||,.v |V|.|VS,.|,|r,|. '!'!"• ivsnlls i„v |,-.„i, ^u■. Wall,,- .lnh„.s„„-.s ••(•,,;,! T,-;„|.. of |!,-ii,.. Ann rir;,." | ;|ov 1;;|; — l.sll MoiHiiui' I' (• .M N... I, L'.-.i; NV. -J, -T.s I :,,,., Ml '."■Hi; ."ii;;is '.'I'lt; Aili, I'liiii.i.T \..l, '■''■' "'■^'■■■iiii T, I'va,. ;ii-r:t A Iri.ll (if Ihr ,\r:,,|i;, (', . "Iiip.iliv , i,,:i,|r iiiiil,.,' ■^ II 7-i;:i i".i, I'm; SIS n;;:;* ■I <'"MI|'.'II.n's r.:,l ,„, i„„. o!' l|,r (;,,\,.,,||,|,.||| '"'■'"" ''i^'"^- "I'i'l'' llll'i''|- III'' 'lilvrii rSii' W. |.,.;r;ill. !':;,\|. 7"' I Ih.s. ,,| ^^;'''''' •\'i|'"i'il''l li-"ni :'l:.Mi.,.,v,.,. lu ..;,rl, |,i„i„il nf ,.,,:,|. .\, Si, ,„•!,,,.,, 'i;,l "I' lliis M'liiii ;!s u,„-L,,l l,\ ii„. Iiii,.|v,,|,i|ii;i| c,,;,! r, liii' Mii,ii' ilii-ivii.,,. r:-A\r 7-(;;i IIk. '■''■'"" ''"■ l'"|-'";"l"'-- .lll^ilvM^ II u,ll Iv s,v,, ||,:,| 111,. ,,,|ls ,,,„„ ,1,,, '■"■'"" ''■^"•"■' 'I'"'"' ""III 111'-' III ••.I]"' IliTinu i„ l.im.r |,..-,s I, „i,„,„s. ""''•' l'ii'-':''n"''v>'„i:n.,. ,,r ;,-!,, ;,M,| ur^ mr.rU Irs- s:ii|,|,.,i'. Tj,,. |>i,.,„,' '■"'''^ '^'"'"'' "'^I'lllS '"ll'll "llll :i I.T.lli'lv r„,; ||;,,nr, ;i,„l ;;i\,. ;, „,,|, '''''"''■"^" '^"'"'^'•- '""I- III l-'''l''l.ll mills n,:,V;,!| li,. ,nlis„|,,v,| .silil,,!,!,. ''"'''''■"" '■""' ''"lll''>ll'' l'lirpHS..s. ;,,„! s„„,. ,,r ||„,„ ;„l,,|„,,i I.,, ,,,|^,,. IlKlkillL;. ■I'm: M'i;i\i;iiii.i. coai, i'iki.d. ""'> '""■ ^'•"" li'i'^ }'•■■ l"'''ii "l"'ii''|l in iliis clisinV:. Li,.,u„ ;is i|„. ■■'•'"■'^ ^'■^"" ' ■ '!"■ ^I'liiii^lim :\liniiiL;('o.- Ti,iMi,i:;, ,|„. k:„,|„,ss ,,1' ^^ '"'■"" "^'"- ''•-!•• 'Ii'' iiMiKiuvr ,,r ,!„i|- ,..,||„,.v. ;, ,..„„,,!,;,, ,;„,,,,,„ * Tiic.ivli.Ml ,.Vii|...r:iliM' |i,,u,M' In i;,--,i;i„it s f, i,-,Mnl;i. 22 ("ANADIAX ny\I-S — THKIH COMl'OSlTItlN AM) TSK.S. Ft. In. 1 7 1 •2i Oh 8 1 n 6 9 11 1 2 2 3 s.i 10 ■n column 1)1" tlio sonni was pmcnrod, IVoiti wliicli tlic lullnwiiv^ pot of analyses were made. I'onninu- an nniisually full afconnt of this very fine seam. The (•dhimn was afterwards presented tu the museum of the Geological Survey. Mixtion. Tci]i cMiil. a littli" eMHVijc? Coal, jroi'il Firi'-clav, ^invtiiii.'- (."oal. irund Fin'-i'l;iv, jiartini: Ciial. a littli' cnar.-c .. ri,'r]it cnmpiict coalnf a deep lilack cnldiir, witli a few verv thir. l^ai^ds nt slialcy cnal. iKiIdini:' a littli' pyrites: a , No. n. — i)caiiiifiil!y hii-ht tender cnal, \vv\- littK' visible pyi'iics: fracture hackly and uneven. 1)AM>. Xi». I.— Cnal liriLi'ht. with nnirnrm pitchy histiv. little mineral charcnal: fiwci' halfnf liand cniiipnei. tnp I'ailier friaMe; iVaciiire irreu-idar: a few liliiis m' pvrites in the Inwer pari ; tup has iinili calc-s]iar and pyrites. r.ANI). X(i. ."i. — 'i'dleralily inaolit. with a ei„id deal nf nnneral eliarceal anil jiyriies: primary jilaiies inclined tn deimsitinii planes at an anu'le uC (').") dee-i'et's : secnudaiy planes iiH'linefl tn primary al anii'les nf C") in 7" dee:rees, and at riiiht aneies in depnsitinn planes. ISAM). Ni). (I. — Similar to last hand, and with same system nf ek'avai:'''. lull liriu-liter. and with se\eral small layers nf slialey enal. 1'>AM», X iiicli blind cf s:.l'i chuicnal ami dirt in the cciitiv, wiili thin threads of shalo and pyrius; the res: nfthe hand cnitains n.. ])yrites. Bam). Xo. :).-(',,al a h'lrle c.^ars-, wiiii 7'S:; ,-,7-1 !i .-,!)'(j!t i;i-is d )-2..' r,i)-:is :j7-:,c, r,7-:.'S c.iio 7- 15 (ill isr, 2-,'.i; T)-:'.! ;!:i:) .-.-k; s-l',s 7vi:i ii-iis .s-u^ s-:ij s-2 1 S';!,') s-'M 7-Vo 7il5 S'l^d s-.s;! s-:!o s-iio 7-ss 775 S'.")!. Cdk.' briirht :iiul tnK'nilily coiiiiMcl ; ;i^li nf iiviTMir.' -iinipl.., i.-n.v with Ijn.w (.'t' pink. T!ie I'dllnwin^' uiiiniate analysis of the cual is by Vh. Percy : ('ill'l)Oll ... H_v(lr(igi>ii <).\_vtri'ii ( XitniiTi'ii .1 Suljiliiir ., Ash 7S'51 .rl'J 9-9S I 12 [y-M lOO'OO (JiU' noticealile poiiii in this .-ram is the irreL;-id;ir cu[ii'.s(..s of the part- iii,L!s and the cniiseijiieiit iie;i\y pei'eentai;'e oi' slack coal. The denianil for (his cnal is Si lar,uv that the (•-■Hiery is unable ti inert it. Its sales are eniihiied to stt'ain and ddiiiestic uses, i'nr bntii <>i' wjdeh it is admirably i-idapied, but. theoretically s[H'akiii,ii', it shoahl be a .air -as coal, it resemi)les in c.iinpositinn and appearance the Xewca.-tle Hartley coals. If is stated that it has been practically tested loi' coke, but no positive iiilbrmatiiin about the rtsults is available. NKW HKIXSWICK COAL. riif pi'iiductivc coal-measures in this )iru\iiicc e.\tend o\er an ai'ea of nil less than 1. !)()(» square miles. I)iit. unfortunately, there are only a few 24 C.WADl.W ('(>\l,<— TIIKIIf ('(nH'osri'loN AND rsKS. tliin sonnis kimwii tn rxist in it. tlif lliickost ofwliicli measures i':.' iiidies. As the ciial in many ]>l;iees lies (|nite liorizniital ami ;i few I'eet liolow the surface, it is won liy -itriiiiiiiiu'. The enal is ol' tlu' fat liiiiiminniis eokinu' variety, of I'xee'.leiu ii'ialiiy. aii-1 liii !s a riMily iiiarkei in tin- proxiiiee. At Lepieaiix. t\vcii!y-ti\c iniK's w.'si of St. .lulm. a lied of anthracite lias lieeii recently disi'iAcreil in nifasnrcs which liejnnu'. prcsnmal)ly, tn the Dcviinian au'c The cnal h;is a very jirninisinu' a]iiicarance, and finds a ti'niid mai'ki t in Si. .John, Sluadd it luoxcnoi tn l:e nn rely a meta- miirithoscd cai'lii'naccnns he nf Terii iry au'.'. Att!iei>irt Hills .Mr. K. Bell noticed, in nn- slcir; s'c:iiii. th" nar.'rnps ol \\>ur si'anis measarimi- six. four, three, and li\e feci respertively. Some nf ihe lieils are made Up nf the carii aiiscd trunks and hranches nf trees(nii.>lly nf i-omder iiisspeia'esiand enniminuted plant remains, with- niit any \isiiile mixuire of cihi'i' inaitei' as sand nr clay. In sninc in^^h there is niiieh earthy impui'i;y. and ilu-e shnw the fnrin^ nf the ]ilants much nmre dearly. !>!•. Dawson r(iinrk< as I'mII iws, on one nl' the Hirt Hill seams; — "The material has t' a-pict of a cnmpivssed massof r.mis, hranches, and ni ilia' \eu'eialile fraLiiniaiis, with a little mineral charc"al and occasiniial ]iieccs of yellow resin. The roots and iiraiidies are llatti iied in the state of lignite and mixed with \eL:'etalile dehri^ as if ai'eiiinidaicd in ii swani]>. The mineral eharenal shows a structure resell i hi iiii;' that of cyjircss, seipioia, and tliiija. Taken in (•ijiineciinn with nther cnllcctioh.^ it Would a]i]iear that in the period nj' the Tertiary li^'iiitcs the plains east of the Rocky Mountains hoi'i' dense firests of con il'erous trees, some of them of tj'pes now found on the west coast, and enjoyed a more hiimitl and equahle dimate than at present." CANADIAN COALS— Til 111 1{ COMPOSITION AM) ISKS. ■J5 Analysis nr,.oal iVm,, Din Hills. l,v Mr. C. iruirniium. CumI ratlRT InaMc; splits ii, lamina'; culuin-alaiusr l.lack; IVa-iiiiv siil.-mnrlK.i,!,,!, and liavin.u'a ivsiiinus lustre; stivak ;ilinnsr uilli clav. iilai'i lie siicciMU'ii was s' the south by the Re,l Deer River, there exists a vast coal-tield. .•over.n- an area of not less than -;..()00s.juare miles; and beneath a lar-'e P">'ti"n of tins area \ve may expect to find workable seams of eoal, at dejiths seldom exceeding ;500 feet, and often verv liivourablv situated for workinir by levels Iron, tbe surlace." And he insiders the lii^uites crop- '""^' '*•■' ^"■'* ' '''■^■'1 "'ii*'^ ''l"",^' til" I'ank.s of the Xcrth .laskatehewan as pnssibly of the ( Vet;Kvous a^v. The lio-ni,es Ibrm beds fVon, six inches to tw.'iity (eet in thickness; .some ;.rc .piite eompart and pure, others a'-ain '"■<■ '■'•'"l-'vd valu.'less by partinos of .sand ;,n,l eiav. \o work has" vet '"'•'" ;'""^' '" l"'"ve ih.. reo'ularityof the scams, a po,ut which is .so imp'or- laiit 111 the development of the recent coals. „, '" ^'"'' '■"■""H'tinn a [\^y wopl. „„ the eoa Is worked in Colonido, Wyomin- and Utah. ,n tl,.. ..outlic n continuation of that vast and wide- spread coal-li,.ld exteudinu- -fro,,, the .shores of the .Vretic Oeean for rl.oii.sands of u.iles alon.u' the Rocky Mountains- uiav not be out (.f place. The lai-vst of these eoal-bfds is in Hear River. I'tah. and is l>7 feet rliK'k. These beds ;,rc remarkably free from impiii.lies. there beim- iVe- 'innitly lo f.ct of dean eoal. of brilliant lustre, perfectiv free 7rom visible lore.n,, ,uatter. In,,, pyrites is fre,p;..„ilv presuit in thin films, l'>it seldom to an injurious amo„„t. The coals with l[■^^■ excepti.ms will ""1 make a merchaiit;d,le coke, and arc liable ,o rapid disintegration "■I •■xi'osiirc to rain and sun. As shown by their analyses they hold 26 ("ANAOIAN COAI.S— TIIKIU ('O.Ml'OSiriON AM> TSKS. lidtilltli' |)cri rli'tiiu'i'S (>r \\:\{v\\ iiiiil liclU'c ;il'(' imt siiitcil In liLicksniilhs" Work mill iiiriinccs. The ci ;ils iiiiswci' well fur liiiMiiiuiiVrs iiii'l (luiiii'siic usi'. kiiiiliiiiu- ivii'lily. iiiitl iMniinu' with ;i .M'IIow Ihinic and liitlc siiiokc. 'riic wuinlcri'iil iiiiil'Tinily airl luTsisrcnrc of tlu'sc cnals cvit s.) vast n iv^i'iii. and llu'ir s;;|Kiiiiriiy i<\vv llu' l''riiL;-ii \aririirs. known liv tlu' saiiK' naiiii'. wciild iMiiiiK' ili^'in t;i a (li.-liiic;ivfa|iiH'',laiii>ii. 'I'lic cniitainin,!;- nu'asiivrs and ilu' Main-^ Anw phiinlv their (K'i>nsiiinn on tlu' sIkuvs of iVt'sli waUT liasins; rnn.-r(ir,rnl!y the scams arc found ni' very irrcii'iihir tliickiKss. frci|ucinly in a icw yards xaryiiiL;' IVoiu a few inclics to lificeii I'cci.and rc(|iiirc liic inc:-f cnliizliteiicil systems o|' miniiii;'. CnMvo-i I luN or l.it.Nni:.- n;ii.\i riii- Nouru .1 A>kAT(iii:wAX:-- slow Ciikint!. Fast Cnking Moi>;niv ... 7-S2 7S2 \Miitilr (• iiiliu-liblo iiiiitlcr Sl'lio liVOO l-ixnl c;iv1k.ii ... .">|-'.)7 IH'25 Ash (ml) 5-8G r)-8G 1(1000 t)l)l)3 C'duI hriii'li! l)l:u'k : I'l-Mi'Miri' aiiu-nl.ir. c >iniim'! ; irives dirk hrnwii cnlour tci si.hiticiii of ]icilM»iuiii h ih'iili'. AvcTa,L;e oi' six sani]>!cs fiMin \arinns .seams on the saiuc river, by slow- coking: — M.n.tMVf IC'^t Viikitilc <• .lalm^tiMe inattfv -!•■!••> KiM'd iMvliiiii oA-27 Ash 6.19 1< 10-00 Passinii' to llic ]irnvincc of liriiish ("olnmlna, a very ahnormal deveioii- nient of i'oa!-lieariiiu' inca.-nres is fnniid. The coal-fields n\' ihis (li>li'iet ha\-c In-eii tonched on tirst, by ^fr. nanerman.of rhe Inteniati"iial liiiindary ("oiiimissi ai. and Dr. Ilcetnr;* also by Dr. Vnv]ir> and .Mes-rs. Palmer. Pi^bie, and Pcmiicrton. Dr. Robert P)rown also iinl)lislicd a valnalile paper on the Vaneonver Island Coal Fields.t On the main land tluiv aiv beds of liiiiiiie at (i)uesnel .Month, and Chilentin. and the mi-nih ol' ihe Fraser River, in strata, pi'obably of the Tertiarv aii'e. N'l ili'lailed aeeoiiius oi' the extent or value of the beds has yet been jmlilislied. There are many other places where * Viilp l'!'(:c'i'c'ilini.'s l.eiuldii (icnli'p'lcal .'Sdcioty. t I'idf l'ivCfL'iliiiir> Kdiiihnrph (icnhgiciil Si.cii^lv. 18tiS it. CANADIAN- COAI^S— THIMU COAH'OSITION AND ISKS. '27 <-imI is ivi..,ric,l In 1,0 Inini.l. Imt practin.lly the tidd is yri, iiiiwi.lnml iiiid iiiiii('('ii|)ic(|. I'iissiiio' tM t|„. rmwn sliniv nr Vniicnnvcr-s Ishm.l, an vxtcii.sivc and viilualili' (lcv.i,|iiii.>nl nl'.'oal nioasiircs is Inimd. Thm' aiv twu ,.|iid' disiWcts— that ..f (^micx. [\,vty miles l„iin- and liiiritrn JT.iad : and ilial of X;iniann, sixt.ni miles lunj-. ;,|,d six wide. There has. however, really hern s.. liitle done U, develnp the extent of the c-al-lields thai the al.,.ve ostimates of Mr. IJichauls.m are imrposely made nil tlie small side. The Inlluwin.i.- .sh,,rt section is from the area ..C the L'iii(in C.al Minin.u;- ('um|)any, near ('oniox Harbour. Driili 1111(1 irivy saiidstdiifs (-'mil, triKiil SIiuli's iiiid sHiidstdiifs (-•"ill. p.nd (irc'V s;in(I>t,>ui's Ciil, ir.K-d (iivv luid di'iil) siiiidstdia's t'lijil. fjfdod Ft. In. ir, I (i 15 5 1. 10 (; ;{ 10 10 i)\) 10 The oradiKil diininiiti.m of the thiekness ol' the sandstone.s. and the ••"nvspondino' increase of tin. enal heds in the above section is worthy of ""tiee. There are many orher seams exposed, but their relative positions are unknown, Similar seams are met in the Xaniaiio coal-field, and are worked to snnie extern for local ii.se and exp.irtation to the I'niied States. The Hiiertroul,le met in workin- the seams of both distriets is that thev thin out, become unproductive, and rorni i.solated nias.ses, po.i\. \>\ Mr. (*. IlnlTiimnn. (li'old^'ii'al S:ir\cy di' ('iinail:i : — Slnw Cokiiit;. KaRt I'liliiiif,'. Moi^tur.' ... I'Ti" 1'7D V'.liililc iMiiilm-lililr uiatliM- ... liT'lT M'M) KiM'tl iMvlinii (i,^•27 (i;!-(iH Ash :i\S(i 2H(; lOO'OO lOU'dU ('like (■'>iiil)iK-t iiiiil vt'>icul:ir ; iisli li;.'lit iri'i'V. '1'Ir' InllowillU' i.s lllr ilMTilU'l' Ci illljli i.^il lull nf .SvVC'll .SUllljik'.S IVdlll llll' (listlicts (if Cniiin.x and X;iiii;iiio : — Slow Cukiiig, Kastt'okiiiK .Mni>mif ... 1-17 1'I7 ViilMtili'C'ii.bu^tiliU' iii:itt>r ... 2S-llt '.iliM Fixi'il cavlioii ... .. ... ('il'd,") .V.l")') Ash (;i",» (;•!",) lOUdO UHVOO Mr. IJ. IJi'iwn, ill his painT nii tliu Xurtli I'licilic ("(lal-lii'lils, j;ivt's (.'iuiii iiltiiiK'ic aiialvsfs nf \'aiic .umt Lshiiid cuiils, nl' which ihr tiillnwiim' IS an avri'ai:^':- Cui'hdll Hydrcj^en ... ().\_v;:ri'ii Ni'i'dirfii Suliihiir Ash (17-114 5'530 1-271) •8 13 1 ri;i2 loii-odi 'l"hi' .siiiif \vi-i!( r. .-piakiiii;- of ihi.s cnal. .^a y.s : — •' 'I'hc c al ilS'/lf i.^ h'u'ht. tnk'ralily t-niujiai-:. ami ii'ii niilikc . test their values. The eoal s-ams viuw in thickness I'nim l' I'eet <; inclies to i; Icet. i)Ut tiiey appear to he sidijeci 10 f. H. l-Cd 1 ■SI) r)(w 177 s:}()i( S.V77 1 •.-;{ ■SI) S7i; •I'd!) CANAKIAX COALS— TllKIll ('OMPOSITFOX AM) TSRS. 1>9 fn rh. prevailin-i diMwlmck ,.r tl... niodcn. cnals .,(• AnirnVn, viz.. a Ion,|..,uT t > rhiii ,,,11 .„• Imm.uiic ivpliicLMl l.v .■arl.oiiiK'Ooiis sliiil... ' Tl.r r..,] \< all,ii,thnirih«.im,l until nTcnIlv was iv-;,nlr,l as(,r Pal;v,.- x.oir auv. Mr. I.'irlmnl.oirs .liscovcries, liowrvcr. ap|,..;,r tn have jTevod thai 11 lM.|nii-s (u M |,.,nznn l,iu.|, „p ,■„ th,. .Inrassic, .,r \n^y ,lnw„ i„ tl < 'I't'taCCnllS. ('■auiiiisitinii l,y Cast (.v.kino- of two samples from Skidu'atc :- .M'istiirc \'"1.-Hil.' (• ,!ii1):i-lilili. iiiiitliT Fi\i'(l ciii'l) III Siil|i|iiir Ash " lilO'lK) l(i(i-(il The writer w,,iil,l have had iiiiieli pleasure in exlMidiiiu^ his ivmarks '"1 the .Mais nf iiniish ("nhinihia and the XurH, AVcst Tcnitnn-. I,ut is "''■•"''''''■■'' '"■has;,lr,,„l,v tivsp;issrd (on ninch ..n il,. ii„h,|-,.ncr of his 'vadris. Th.. analyses, vtr.. nf thr Xova S,.,,ti;n, .'..als n-piTsent a o-,im,1 '''•'' "'' vw'Vk. lint the writ.T will \hA repaid if. ihr.in-h the valiial.le I'rnemlin-s nf ,]„. Insiitntc. he is rnahled In niv,. any inrunuatinn ahont so iinpnrraiif an ircni in the ivsnnrees ..f Kiioland's nearest enlnny. The Canadian ( i-\iTnineni are nsin,n. v\\')y le,s-'i(iniate method df attranin- drsimM,. inmnVranis tn the .\nrlh West 'IVnitnrv. and in this '-imiTtinn. as well as that .if the I'a.-ifio ifailway. which is s'lnwly advane- iii.U- tn the west, the existence ..f e,,al in such widespread depnsits is of .ureal iiiipnrtance. Ill IJriiish Cnlnnil.ia there are indiiliirahle siu'iis of ini|inrtaiit dejiosits "'' ''•""• '--"M. iiiid silvi.r. sn that her. 1 lieds aeipiire a value fnr inaiiii- I^H'inrin- and iiietahiM-ieal piirpnses, in additinn m their i!>eriiliiesa fnr iiiariiie ami dnniesrie fuels. «*?^ t. ^f ;l 4m^ '}^-fi ,m m- - M. M