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Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many framos as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les exemplaires origlnaux dont la couverture en papier est imprlmie sont film4s en commenpant par le premier plat et en termlnant soit par la dernlire page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires origlnaux sont fllmAs en commenpant par la premlAra page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en termlnant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suh^ants apparattra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -»> signifle "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifle "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte k des taux de rMuctlon diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich4, 11 est f llmi A partir de Tangle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n4cessaire. Les diagrammes sulvants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 |NE CO., \ i f York, Ing, Cor. Broad and Chestnut Bta. I BuUding Worka. ti3 Piiat St. on 8t. ons, Weatminater. % l&i '«ii A 4 1 ¥. D. ANDERSON CO, CLEVEUND, OHIO. Odorless Fertilizer fryers, Tank Deodorizers, Rendering Tanks, Jacket Kettles, Steam Traps, Exhaust ^ Fans, etc. WMTC FM OkTMJIK M» HHCt UtT. "1 ^ '^mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmltmm .■y n .tw»i " i;..f» p_w_ ,-. f E>TA»LWM1D <«67. L. A. SALOMON & BRO., ax6 Pearl Street, NBW YORK, IMPORTERS OF THE "VTeXl-Ifcu-o-^Te-acx Sx>aiXi.a.s OF AND L. A. S. SUPERFINE BOLTED rQLLEK5 ^ MKTn, rOR BLKAOHINO AND RKPININO Lard, Cottonseed and other Animal and Vegetable Oils, Tallow, Greases, etc. OUM DEXTRINE. (For Laballnar on Wood and Tin.) BEST GERM AN POT ATO FLOUR. Powdered French and Italian Talc, Superfine Pure Silex (Flint), Mineral White (called Silex). Magnesian White (A Soap Dryer), Sulphate of Barytes, Calcined Plaster, etc., etc. LASAIJTK PRESERVATIVE PAINT. liAKlXllii 1 Li ACID AND WATERPROOF. For Patnting of Storage Tanks, Iron Pipaa, atOi CORRE8PONDBNCB SOLICITBDv li Mtrititmwi' III rirMiii»B iimn BRO., sbXLcLs iLS. KTH, a id Vegetable FLOUR. t), called SIlex), »r, etc.. etc. E PAINT. CRPROOP. BD, > | | ''" |>' DIRECTORY AND HAND-BOOK OF TBI MEAT AND PROVISION TRADES BIllc^ 1n&Wflrlc0 \^>^°^sTr^^^ FOR THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA Put L TttBJBOTORY AND VBADB UITB ' Pnt n. (*) FOBS AND SBBF FAOKINO (b) OOTTCmSBBD OIXi MANUFAOTORB (o) OONDBNUID ■UMVUK OF nOi ITBADB PUDLIBIIBO BY THE NATIONAL PROVISIONER PUBLISHINa CO. BOBBRT OANZ A CO., PBOWlWtnM new YORK, OHlOAaO^KAHBASOPTT, POII.ADBLF' 1 V, BOROR, ST. MOM 617-618 M^iHBATTAH BLDO. GniOAOO VAn omoM Pbarl St., cor. Bbbkmah Nbw York Vadcr the tntpioM of "The Natioiwl FroTtoloiwr," tha Of«»n of the Meat and FMTbkm IndortrlM «rf the United Statce, Pewl Street, cor. Beekmui, New ToAOtty duo TON DOfifi^WII L i Entered aooording to Act of Congrem In the year 180S, by THE NATIONAL PHOV18IONER PUBU8HING CO. oi Naw York and Chicaoo ROBBRT OAICE A COMPANT, PROPIIIBTOIia In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington \ / 1 1 il MUl l Ml HILiHWtWl ll l ■■•-=<«» -ff IMH, by 3 CO. shtngton \ PREFACE. Fon yean the pabliiheri of Th0 Kational PropMnner h>Te been in re- oeipt of requeau, on the purt of their p*trona and friendi, iu all paita of the oiviliwd world, to publiiih • Directory of the Meat and ProWiion Tnden and their allied induatrioi in the United Btatea and Canada. We have loni felt that there waa room for anoh a work, but we have hetitatad to publiah it, partly on aooonnt of the faet that we foreaaw the dilBrnltiea oonneoted with the oompiUtion and reriaal of liata for the flrat tine oorering the nnmeroua branchea of the largest and moat oomprehenaive trade in the country. In preaenting thia work to the trade and the general public we by no meana etaim that theae liata are infallible, bat we know that we have need all poaaible care and preoantion to make them aa oorreot aa poaaible. Eveqr peraon, lirm, or corporation, whoae name appeara within the ooTera of thia book, haa had from ua a peraonal letter allowing the olaaaifioation nnder which hia or their name woald appenr in the Directory, oonpled with a requeat to verify aneh name, addreaa, and olaaalfloation, and return same to na. A great many re- aponded, while othera failed to reply to aeveral reqneata. We have by thia and other methoda done onr beat to make the liata oorreot and induaive. The Directory certainly flila a long-felt want, and ahonld not be miaaed in any well-regulated eatabliihment which is directly or indirectly connected with the moat nnd proviaion tradea or their allied indoatriea. The aeoond part of the book apeaka for itaell The nndivided approval which the publication of technical artiolea on the anbjeet of pork-packing, lard-reHning, manufacture of cotton-oil, eta, iiave met with on tiie part of the reader* of The National ProvUioner, and the very urgent requeata made to have theae articlea appear in book form lead na to hope that the paokera, reflnera, and other membera of the trade will appreciate onr efTorta in that directioa The Tablea and Teata of Producta given in connection with the foregoing (aome of whiuh we have never publiahed before) will anrely prove handy and invaluable. The intereat in thia book and ita intrinaic value are much enhanced by a aeriea of outa of meata, for which we are indebted to the Nocth Packing and Proviaion Company of Boaton, Maaa, and for which we herewith ezpreaa onr thanka and appreciation. Tiie espcaition of cotton-aeed-oil mannfactnre, which baa appeared in aerial form in I'Ae Ifatlonal ProvUontri ia alao repnbliahed here, to meet the viewa of nnmeroua patrona. It haa already received the atamp of approval from the trade. The hiatory of the trade given herein bringa together for the firat time many useful and interesting facts in a oomprehenaive yet condensed form. We beg to thank our numerous f rienda for the large number of orders and encouraging lettera received prior to publication, and we hope to merit the ooutinuance of the confidence and good-will thereby ezpreaaed. ROBERT GANZ A COMPANY, Publishers of The National Prouitioner, The Organ of the Provision and Meat Indnatries of the United Statea. New York, Cricaoo, 284-280 Pearl StrMt 017, 618 Manhattan Bldg. REFRIGERATING RESULTS are always proportionate with the purity of the REFRIGERATING CHEMICAL employed. TUtionBl Ammonia Co. . . . MANUFACTURKRS OP . . . ABSOLUTELY PURE AND DJRY ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (loo^ pure ammonia gas, liquefied) . . AND . . 26* AQUA AMMONIA (from sulphate of ammonia). Our AmmottiM can he obtained from the toUowini repreaeutatiyea : LIVERPOOL ENG; Jas. Simpion ft Co.-PHILADELPHIA: Theo. J. Gold- ichmid.-BALTIMORE : Wm. Mllchell— ST. LOUIS: Mallliickrodt Chemical Worki, Urkin ft Scheffer— KANSAS CITY : Wm, H. Jennings— SAN FRAN- CISCO: Pacific Ammonia and Chemical Co., Hermann & Co. -NEW YORK : W. M. Schwenker, Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, Tlie Dc La Vergiie RefriK- eratinK Machine Co.— BOSTON: The Lyons ft Alexander Co.— WILMING- TON : Delaware Chemical Co.— BUFFALO : Kast Copper and Sheet Iron Co — DETROIT: Michigan Ammonia Works-CLEVELAND: Cleveland Commerctal C0.-CINCINNATI: Herman Goepper & C0.-CHICAGO : A. MaRiius' Sons- Fuller & Fuller Co.— MILWAUKEE: The Chas. Raumbach Co.— PITTSBURG • Wm. H. Foantain-NEW ORLEANS: C. J. Michalloflsky— HOUSTON : W I Bcttia. As- the Ammonia is used over and over ajfain in the process of producing Cold, the BEST AMMONIA in the beginning always proves to be the CHEAPEST AMMONIA in the end. Main Office, 8T. LOUIS, MO. V \ss mLTS tyof ado. RY ONIA IIA f following Theo. J. Gold- krodt Chemical I— SAN FRAN- -NEW YORK : Vergiie Refriic o.— WILMING. iheet Iron Co.— and Commercial Magnus' Sons— -PITTSBURG : USTON: W. I. fain in the VIONIA in HEAPEST lO. V »M DIRECTORY AND HAND-BOOK or THB MEAT AND PROVISION TRADES. TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX, X. Sxi. C3 PART FIBST— DIRECTORY AND TRADE LISTS. Pork and Bbrf Paokriis, WilOLBBALB BPTCIIKHS AND BLAUOHTBlltRa, AND WllOLESALB DBALBHR IN MEATS, . . . . WilOLESALB DrALBRB IN PltOVIBIONB, . . . . Rbndbhbrp or Lakd and Laud REriNBRs, . OLBOKA^JiylMMB AND BUTTERINE AND OLBO OIL MANU- rAcrotnti^B, Tallow BaNDBUBiia and Dbalbub Provibion Brokers and Commission Hrkchants, COTTONBBRD OiL MANUFACTUnBRB AND RRriNBRS, SAUBAQR MANCrACTUHKRH Frrtilizer Mancfactohrrs and Dralrrs in Frhiil- IZRB MATRRIALB Soap and Candle MANorAcrcuRRB, , . . . PART SECOND— HAND-BOOK. 13 51 128 148 147 161 167 179 108 280 247 > I. Pork and Beef Packino in all their Branches, . 278 ;^5 n. Cotton-seed Oil Manufacture (Modern System), . 881 ■^" III. Condensed Survey of the Trade (Hiitorioal and SUtiBttoal) 420 IV. INDRZ TO ADVBBTISBMBHTfl, 488 igtiifetiirtiiiSt^itr^itiiSa 'PSiWXRflBW Established 1843. Incorporated 1893. JOHN P. SQUIRE & CO., (CORPORATION.) I BOSTON, 21, 23 and 25 FaoenU Hall Market, 89 and 40 Horth larket Street, PACKERS, CURERS, AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PORK. LARD, Tripe, Sausages, Pigs' Feet, AND ALL CUTS OF BACON AND HAMS, FOR HOME AND PORBION TRADE. ALSO MANUFACTURERS OF EXTBA LABD OIL. SLAvasmmro a» onara iRABusmnin: 169 Qore Street, East Cambridge, Mass. Frank O. Squihe, Pres. Fred F. Squirf,, Treas. 49- NEW YORK OrriOB, No. 20 Harrison ttroot. i • \ V TED 1893. K TON. tD, !V1S, >IL. , Mass. 'reas. let. North Packing and Provision Co, Packers and Jobbers of Provisions. Nigliut Awar* PURE L-EAR LARD. Try their "NORTH STAR" brand for something choice. BOSTON, 33 and 34 North Market St ^/ u PRESSES FOR thalaxfMtliM N?*^ V&^Si,. * Xj-A-DRXJ, of PwMwiforPBck >^. H. HAMMOND CO., Chicacih OUDAHV TACKING COm South Omaha, Neb. B. M. TODD, SmithfieM, Va. . KINGAN a CO., ludianabolis, and many Athcrs. ' Although it costs a little more thra other salts, its strength, purity, and preservative : qualifies make it the ONMKir MS HBna^nc mill. i^ANClS D; MOULTON & CO., Agents, .99 BROADWAY. NEW YORK* WMiliMi ii!" h- PRESERVA - TIVE PAINTS INSULAT- ING PAPERS AND RUBBROID ROOFING ARE WITHOUT AN EQUAL The only perfect Insulating Papers made are the P. & B. They are absolutely water- proof, air-tight, and odorless; contain no Tar; will not be- come brittle nor deteriorate with age. The stock is en- tirely free from wood. Do not use infringing and inferior papers. Our patent for Insulating Papers was sustained by Judge Dallas in July, 1894. — See N. J. District Records, P.& B. Ruberoid Roofing for Roofs- and Floors. P. & B. Preservative Paints for Iron and Wood-work, for Water-proofing Walls, etc, THE STANDARD PAINT CO. SOLE MANUPACTURKRB, ■8«>iM PMUi Av*. Naw Ywfc. OUR TRADE MARK IS ON EVERY PACKAGE. I Insulating le P. & B. ;ly water- 1 odorless; ill not be- deteriorate 3ck is en- od. nging and Insulating I by Judge 594. — See ords, Loofing for ive Paints •work, for Is, etc. AiNT CO. RB, NMrYwk. PORK Ar^D BEEF PACKERS. I f ■ I iDsnlating Paper Flexible Odorless Air-tight and the Most Waterproof Paper Ever Produced. On every roll of (emilne "Mepontet" jroB will kiwsjrs Hud the Trade Marie, MA UTTUB ontl." protected by •taeet of '•NepoBMt" • • FOR . . COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSES^ REFRIOERATOR CARS, lOB HOUSES, AND ALL REFRIGERATION. Endorsed by experts. Used by largest Builders and Packers as their standard. Neponset Red Rope Insulating Paper. Write for samples and full particulars to F. W. BIRD & SON Sole Manufacturen, EAST WALPOLE. MASS. WKSTKRN omcK: 938 MoMdaock BMf., CHICAOO. .'.^HH HMMMiMii Mi t alatJDg ler lRBHOUSES^ ITERATION. Used by Packers as dd Rope Paper. II particulars to &SON iren, E, MASS. ck: , CHICAOO. MMMf "Wi DIRECTORY AND HAND-BOOK or TUB Meat and Provision Trades. FORK AND BEEF FACKERS* ARKANSAS. O'Neil, T. J., & Co Hot Springs Whittemore, C. H., & Co. . . Commerce Street, Little Rock CALiyORNIA. Baillinge, A. P Gilroy Armour Packing Co. ..211 N. Angeles Street, Los Angeles. Cudahy Packing Co., The Macy & Santa F6 R. R., " Colville, W. T 7th and Mesquit Streets, Dold, Jacob, Packing Co " So. Cal. Packing Co. .Macy and Anderson Sts., " Oakland Packing and Provision Co Oakland Samson, M. M " Harris Packing and Provision Co Rodeo Clansa & Krauss 17th and I Streets, Sacramento Mohr & Yoerk Packing Co . . . 1024-6 J Street, Odell, M. F 1020 K Street, Schmid & Parker 1400 J Street, ' " * A iMge nnmber of these are also Wholesale Defers in ProTisions, Lard^and Tallow Bendeien, Sausage-makers, and Mannfactoiers of Animal Fertilisen. W^IKl^Pi^^i^iwwil 16 PORK AXD BEEF PACKERS. CALIFORNIA (Continued). San FranoiBOO. Breeland & WalUtadt 967 Mission Street Bunker, E. F 75 California Market Buttgenbach St Widman Fourth and Bryant Streets Olauss, Jacob 3-4 Grand Western Market "Tiupret, Louis 71 California Street Ehrman, M., & Co 104 Front Street Engler, Benedict 227 Fourth Street Freitas, M. T 326 Front Street Fuchs, N 3 Grand Central Market Glunk, C 66 Bay City Market Goodwin, C. W 15 Centre Market Harris Packing and Provision Co. . . .6th and Berry Streets Hofmann & Woenne 707 Market Street Hume, S. W., & Co 122 Davis Street Katz & Sons 94-100 California Market Kingan & Co 117 California Street Klock, George 205, 24th Street Laubbcher, L 1557 Market Street Lieb, Elmo B 644 Sixth Street Marenth, George 18 City Hall Market McEvoy, J 338 Tenth Street Mailer & Koenig 16 California Market Banke, W., & Co 427 Hayes Street Roth, Blum & Co 201 California Street So. San Francisco Packing and Prov. Co., 218 Front Street Western Meat Co 6th and Townsend Streets Whitney, C. E., Co 122 Davis Street Coykendall, J., & Son .San Josfi Dehnos, J., & Co Pratt, J. J Santa Bosa Hobson Bros Ventura Mission Street fornia Market (ryant Streets Bstern Market iifornia Street I Front Street Fourth Street i Front Street entral Market y City Market Centre Market Berry Streets Market Street i Davis Street fornia Market iifornia Street 5, 24th Street Market Street 4 Sixth Street y Hall Market ( Tenth Street [fornia Market r Hayes Street Iifornia Street J Front Street rasend Streets i2 Davis Street . ...,San Jos6 << ...Santa Rosa Ventara Provisions and Pood •*^J>RODUCTS of every description, can be best preserved against mildew and dampness from without, and shrink- age or evaporation from within^ by the intel- ligent use of VEOETABLE PARCHMENT. It is a perfect and reliable protection against impairment of the goods, which it encloses, and the Packer with progressive ideas, who aims to be abreast of the times, will not afford to do without it. OUR COLORED PARCHMENT (in ten shades) is admirable for wrapping Fancy Soaps, Perfumery, Confections, and other choice wares, its transparency adding materially to the attractive appearance of the goods. Samples and quotations cheerfully given to those who ask for them. HENRY UNDCNMEYR & SONS, . . IMPORTERS . . 31, 38. 35 & 37 Kast Hotaston Street, NEW YORK. i4^i!i4WsJyt'i*i-!'--*4;i|:H'-«^^ • :' ^}:L |iijii|^f«e4. o«a«NiicD IMS. iNeoNPonATCo latt. TiptibliPmliiitPBiir, For Wrapping Hams, Baeons, Shoulder*, Pork Lolnt, Sauaa- get, Lard, Butter, etc. nwamciiT uninn rok pmu mi vm. KitlaietM Fereliked fbr PrIatiM ParehaMHt Paper. Teat Vegcteble Parchment Paper by aoaklnc thoroughly in water. When wet it increeaea in atrenf th. RKCKIVKD HIOHiaT AWARD* AT TMK WORLD'S COLUMBIAN KXPOSITION. ALL PROGRESSIVE Pork i^"j Beef Packers ARE SUBSCRIBERS TO THE NATIONAL PROUISIONER, THE ORGAN OF THE Meatand Provision Industries of the U.S. PVBI,ISHBD EVSRY SATURDAY. Price, $3.00 per Tear. NEW YORK: Pearl St., cor. Beekman. CHICAGO: 617.018 ManbatUn Building. PHILADELPHIA. BOSTON. KANSAS CITY. ST. LOUIS. ■M u. iitPBiiir, , Bacons, t, SauM- UU Ml VM. PriBtlBC r. t w«tar. Whan \H KXPOSmON. :kers PORK AND BEEF PAOKERB. 19 COLORADO. Oolorudo Springs Packing Oo Colorado Springs Burkhardt Packing Go 1421, 16th Street, Denver B. & M. Packing Co 1529 Blake Street, Silver State Packing Co Colorado Packing and Provision Co Denver Packing Co 1633 Arapahoe Street, Kroeger Packing Co Monte Vista Packing Co Monte Vista Andrews Packing Co 318 S. Union Street, Pueblo Doyle, W. E., & Co. 407 Sante F6 Road, " Nuckolls Packing Co Union Stock Yards, " Pueblo Packing Co " Brown, T. H., & Son Salida CONNECTICUT. Bartram, F. A., & Co 439 Water Street, Bridgeport Plumb & Winton Co 44 Middle Street, " MoElroy Bros 580 Water Street, " Schwab, A. & A 12 Congress Street, " Hurd, E. G Shelton Street, Huntington Meriden Provision Co 101-9 S. Colony Street, Meriden Andrew, F. S., & Co City Market, New Haven Merwin, S. E., & Son 354 State Street, '< Seaman, Allan 265 Ferry Street, " Sperry & Barnes 114 State Street, " Davis, C. U., & Co Norwich DELAWARE. Barlow & Weer 8th Street Market, Wilmington Hart ft Bro 5th and Poplar Streets, " Mamele Bros 506 Poplar Street, " Wilmington Abattoir and C. S. Co., 216-30 Tatnall Street, " V:ammm,'r-mmmsT.'m-mm^S^^!^WWWu: to PORK AKD BBIV PACKIRS. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Archer, John, & Son Georgetown Hockey, H Rup|H»rt, H. J WMhiugton asoRaiA. Shttckleford, L. A Athena Augusta Packing Co Augusta Georgia Packing Go 458, Ist Street, Macon Henry, W. L 214 Cotton Avenue, " Bentley, B. W Valdosta ILLINOIS. Alton Packing and Refrigerating Co Alton Schiew, B., & Son " Austin Packing Co Austin Bartholomew, W. W Barry Illinois Packing Co Belleville Continental Packing Co. . .605 8. Gridley St., Bloomington Wright, T. A Centralia Dallenbaoh Bros Champaign Illinois Packing Co " Chicago. Agar Bros 624 Larrabee Street Anglo-American Packing and Provision Co., 67 Board of Trade Building Armour & Co. .. .206 La Salle St., and Union Stock Yards Chicago Packing and Provision Co. .67 Board of Trade Bldg. Continental Packing Co 906 Royal Insurance Bldg. Craig, John, & Co 69 South Water Street Cudahy Bros. Packing Co 763 The Rookery Dahmke Packing and Provision Co Board of Trade Decker & Murath 188 Fulton Street Ellsworth Packing and Provision Co. .6300 Armour Avenue HMM NiaM IMlM HMmn L ..Georgetown << . . WMhington Athens Augusta Street, Macon ivenue, " Valdosta Alton Austin Barry Belleville , Bloomington Centralia . . . Champaign jarrabee Street rrade Building n Stock Yards of Trade Bldg. nsurance Bldg. h Water Street 3 The Rookery Board of Trade ) Fulton Street Irmour Avenue NELSON MOMm. f. i. VOfitL EDWARD MORRIS. HERBERT N. MORRIS. NELSON lORRIS & CO., Beef and Pork Packers, Lard Refiners, etc., etc. Hand'Cltantd Caiil; Sh§§p, and Hog Cating; ANIMAL riRTIUZBRS OP ALL KINDS. OWNRRS or PAIRBANK CANNING COMPANY CELEBRATED « LION BRAND" CANNED MEATS. liiMllMiqraNs,|llamMlllMhyiris,| lUtittnit. IISCMamMWhaH. CMltl.LMls,lll.lllMirVwk.lLVI •istMi.Hais. IV. \ir. spraoUe St CO., BixTa-xxTsmns jljsti> 3iCuiLO]axxTX8a*e, MANUrACTUIUlM AND DKALB.S IN PAOKINB N0U8E HAOHINEIY AND SUPPLIES, namon* DBawm. CoolliiK Cylinders, Capping Machine., Bone Scrccni, AtL kinds Friction Hoiala, Corrugated Steel Rail Hangcra, Pneumatic Box Preas, ■bbp and hog Shackles, ALL KINDS Travelera, Improved Filter Presses, Oleo Presses, l^rd Presses, Agitators, Improved Fat Washers, Hog Throwouts, Hashers. TiurNONi Vaum, tm. OBee and Works, 49th Stnet, Near Halsted, CHICAGO, ILL. "JMION STOCK YAKDS. Tin Cans and Pails OF ALL KINDS FOR Meats, Fruit, Vegetables, Oysters, Lard, Paints, etc, MANUrAeTURBD BY FRANK DIESEL, roi to 707 N. Halated Street, CHICAGO. HMP^ f~ w v3 ' imm n'rn Established 1865. Incorporated 1888. WEIR & GRAI6 HF6. CO., 2421-2439 WALLACE STREET, CHICAGO, ILL., Manufactvrers and Erectors op all Kinds op Maehinar/ for ike eompMe aqaipmani of Slaughttring and Packing Houso, Oloo, Buitorino and Mouiral P/anU, Lard Refinoriet, Canning Fac- tories, and Feriilizor Houses. Correspondence solicited with all desiring work in our line. We are manufacturers also of standard and special machinery for the rapid and economical handling of ice. Write us your wants and we will furnish estimates. 0. T. J05LIN & 02. Packing House Experts. Ghemical Engineers. Analytical and Consulting Chemists. COnON OIL REFINING. ALL GRADES aiul BY-PRODUCTS liRD, TALWW, GREASE, RBraiMG } -„.,„„ ,,, -,_. SSk -COTQ- CLUE. TANK WATER OR " STICK." KI5. ■""^*'^- PATENTS, CHEMICALS, AND MACHINERY. Address, 4616 Union Ave., Chicago, ill. ^iim»imm:A!mmimt^0mm&MW0XH > -.M ORATED 1888. 0., REET, '/aughiaring Veuiral c- E in our line, ial machinery lates. 02. Engineers, ists. PRODUCTS irStme. PORK AND BEEF PACKERS. 23 Chicago (Continued). European Packing Co 117, 47th Street Fairbank Oanning Co Union Stock Yards Fowler Bros. (Ltd.) 60 Board of Trade Building Garden City Packing and Provision Co 14 Fulton Mkt. Guthman, L., & Co. 3915 S. Halsted Street Hammond, G. H., Co 244 Lake Street Hately Bros. Co 169 Jackson Street Hess Bros 4001 Emerald Avenue Imperial Packing Co 53d Street and Armour Avenue Intemat. and Wells Packing Co. . .R. 400 Royal Ins. Bldg. James & Edwards Co 3324 S. Halsted Street Jones & Stiles Packing Co 54 Traders' Building Latcham, F 48 N. Green Street Libby, McKeil & Libby Union Stock Yards Lipton, Thomas J., Co " " " Maes ft De Praft Packing Co 16 Pacific Avenue Michener Bros. & Co 230-36 La Salle Street Miller, Hendricks & Co 53 W. Jackson Street Miller & Hart 57 Market Street Moran, John, Packing Co Union Stock Yards Morrell, J. & Co (Ltd.) 169 Jackson Street Morris, Nelson & Co Union Stock Yards Mueller, Valentine, Packing Co 500 Larrabee Street Nash Bros Exchange Building, Union Stock Yards Nash, N. T Center Avenue Noonan & Haff Emerald Avenue and 41st Street North American Provision Co Union Stock Yards Omaha Packing Co 87 Board of Trade Building O'Malley, John Quinn and Archer Streets Pond, E. K., Packing Co » 65, 24th Place Seiter, Anthony 3401 Charlton Street Silberhom, Wm. H., Cc. . . . .414 Royal Insurance Building Sioux City Packing Co 184 Fulton Street W!V\^'^'iJ'W wi 'w ju ii ii i nwap wi W i I 24 PORK AXD BEEF PACKERS. Chicago (Continued). Stern, A., Co 2719 Quinn Street Swift tt Company Union Stook Yards Turner Springer Co S. Halsted and 40th Street Underwood & Co 915 S. Halated Street Morris, Nelson & Co , East St. Louis Martin & Summers Fairfield Ryan, James M Galena Vogel, B., (Estate of) " Widmayer, C. H., & Son Jacksonville Steidl & Son Mattoon ^Tri-City Packing and Provision Co Moline Blomer & Michael Front and Delaware Streets, Quincy Farlow, S., & Co 309 City Hall Square, " Lane, W. H 210 N. 4th Street, " Metzger Packing Co 117-19 S. Hall Square, " Quincy Packing Co Front Street, " Gilmore, J. S 1520, 1st Avenue, Rockland Milligan & Plowman. . . ..- Taylorville Scott & Co Wenona INDIANA. Akin, W. M., & Son . . .2d and Goodsell Streets, Evansville Becker, 0. H 524 Upper 4th Street, " Daudistel, H ... 1701 Main Street, Folz, Jacob, Jr 1200 W. Franklin Street, " Mohr, Casper. 101 Upper 8th Street, " Newman Bros 207, 4th Avenue, " Selzer & Co 4 Lincoln Avenue, " Weil Bros 917 Main Street, " Eckert, P 35 W. Main Street, Fort Wayne Leikanf Bros. & Bash. .10-20 Hanover Street, Raeb, John 18 E. Columbia Street, The O. B. Hammond Co Hi aHMB tmurn Ijainn Street (took Yards 1 40th Street ialsted Street ast St. Louis ....Fairfield Galena Jacksonville ....Mattoon Moline reets, Quincy uare, " uare, " treet, " lie, Rockland . . Taylorville . ...Wenona », Evansville 't, 't, It, >t, e, e, >t. Fort Wayne <( tt .Hanunond « tt tt tt POBK AKD BEEF PACKERS. INDIANA (Continued). Interstate Packing Co., " Canned Meats" Hammond Coffin, Fletcher & Co. . . .West & Ray Streets, Indianapolis Kingan & Co. (Ltd.) Maryland Street, " Moore Packing Co Union Stock Yards, " Dryfus Packing and Provision Co Lafayette Horn, William, & Son " Baldwin, Roberts & Co Newcastle Peoria Packing and Provision Co South Street, Peoria Bierhans, E., & Sons Vincennes IOWA. Dond, L. B., & Co Atlantic Doud Packing Co Boone Boeck, George 210 N. 5th Street, Burlington Steinbrecher, Dehn & Lau, • 3d and Washington Streets, '* Slnolalr, T. BI., ft Co. . . .South 8d Street, Cedar Rapidg Iowa Packing Co Clinton Council Bluffs Stock Yards and Packing Co. .Council Blnflis Kohrs, Henry 1343 W. 2d Street, Davenport Ranzow, J 1334 W. 2d Street, Ruch, John 2d and Fillman Streets, " Tri-City Packing and Provision Co «* Zoeckler, John L 1337 W. 2d Street, " Liverpool & Des Moines Pack. Co. . .216 2d St., Des Moines Sinclair, T. M., & Co 102, 6th Street, " Stone Packing Co 18th and Maury Streets, " Dubuque Packing and Provision Co., 16th and Sycamore Streets, Dubuque Roth, George S 12th and Clay Streets, " Ryan Packing Co Water and R. R. Avenue, " Ryan, William, & Co... Jones and Water Streets, " Stroebel, J. H 465 Chiy Street, " 5*??!? ^TH^ F MW | W i M. »' ^JH» w iBiH W ^■ i pi % m:.H 9 36 PORK AND BKBP PACKERS. IOWA (Cov.tinuedX Frazier, George J Fort Dodge Schapper,F.O Fort Madison Close AAgmus Independence Iowa City Packing and Provision Co Iowa City Coey & Co. (Ltd.) Keoknk Dick, C. F., & Co 210 Main Street, " Brittain&Co Marshalltown Oemdt, Julius Muscatine Morell, John, & Co Ottumwa Heller, A., & Sons Leech Street, Sioux City ^«iouz Olty Packing Co Steulien St, Sioux City The Cudahy Bros. Packing Co. (Ltd.) Pitcher & Bronoher Waterloo Roth Packing Co • KANSAS. Atchison Packing and Provision Co Atchison Proctor, Whito & Co Chetopa Johnson, H.W Ll"^^'' Hutcb'nson Packing Co Hutchinson Armour Packing Co State Line, Kansas City Davis Packing Co. . . Adams ana Shawnee Sts., Fowler, George, Son & Co. (Ltd. ) 335 James St., Reid Bros. Pack. Co. (Ltd.).. Kansas Avenue, ^^ Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co Swift & Co Bei^en Street, Volz Bros. Packing Co. . .734-40 Shawnee St., Leavenworth Wolff Packing Co Q«incy Street; Topeka Dold, Jacob, Packing Co w-*'^-!* Whittaker, Francis, & Sons Wwhita KSNTUCKir. Claypool, A. G., & Co Bowling Green Ruttle-Schlickman Packing Co Covington t»m» ^ort Dodge rt Madison lependenoe .Iowa City ...Keokuk let, " irshalltown .Muscatine ..Ottnmwa Sioux City tioux City « ..Waterloo . . Atchison ...Chetopa ....Harton Hutchinson ELansas City « « « Leavenworth reet; Topeka ....Wichita Wichita wling Green ..Covington PORK AND BEEF PACKERS. 27 KENTUCKY (Continued). Sandwann, F., & Sons 432 Madison Avenue, Covington Cecil, W. B Danville Unverzagt & Smith Henderson Withers, W. J., & Son Hopkinsville Conrad Provision Co 1492 Story Avenue, Louisville Engelhard, A., & Co 834 W. Main Street, " Hainsville Packing Co 1318 Story Avenue, " Leib, F. , & Sons 120-24 Main Street, " Louisville Packing Co Story Avenue, " Pfaffinger & Co 922 E. Market Street, " Vissman, H. F., & Co 417 Bickel Avenue, " Wissert & Bornwasser 937 Geiger Street, " Acker & Frederick Maysville Wallingford, B. A. « Kalb&Sons 1810 Broad Street, Paducah Oehlschlaeger, G. M., Sons 825 S. 3d Street, " LOUISIANA. McCormick Packing and Fertilizing Co Monroe Southern Grocer Co 20 Grand Street, " MAINE. Gross, E. W 148 Main Street, Auburn Smith, John 100, Ist Street, " Carr, Wm. S., & Co 51-55 Broad Street, Bangor Cobb & Nash Valley Avenue, " Reagan & Dalton Ohio Street, " Rice, C. H Central Market House. " Gilbert Childs Co ^..Canton Bay State Provision Co Portland Best, J. L 375 Commercial Street, " Conant, P., & Co 229 Commercial Street, " Oummings Brothers 228 Commercial Street, 28 POBK AND BEKF PAOKEBS. MAINE (Continued). Dyer, Thonuw, & Co 346 Commeroial Street, Portland Fairbank, N. K., Go 179 Oommeroial Street, " Hatch, G. A 257 Oommeroial Street, " Milliken, Tomlinson & Go. .303-9 Commercial St., " Sawyer, M. F 32 Market Street, " Sohonland Brothers 8-10 Union Street, " Shea, J. M 48-50 Market Street, Smith, A. T 15 Silver Street Market, Smith, F. A., & Co 247 Commercial Street, " Thomas, E., & Go 114 Commercial Street, " Twitchell, Champlin Go. . . 252 Commercial Street, " MASBA0HUSBTT8. Southwick, Geo. H., & Son Beverley Public Market & Packing Go. . .880-94 Wash'n St., Boston North Packing and Provision Ck>., 81 and 88 N. Bfarket Street, Boston Beid Bros. Packing Co 45 N. Market Street, " Squire^ John P, ft Ck> .88 and 40 Bfarket Street, Boston Vanpel, Louis W. H 31-33 North Street, " Xiles Bros Concord Avenue, Cambridge Squire, John P., & Co 169 Gore Street, " Cornell, D. H. & W. C East Grinnell, Fall River Davis, H. W " Haripnves Mfg. Go 267 Pleasant Street, " Monlton, E. H. 132 Essex Street, Havrrhill Holmes Provision & G. S. Co 18 Main Street^ Holyoke Springfield Provision Go. 22 Main Street, '' Bancroft & Sawyer B. & M. Freight Depot, Lawrence Gkilloway, E. B., & Son 57 Hancock Street, - " Gowing ft Higgins. 415 Haverhill Street, " Penniman, J. K 56 Amesbury Street, " Public Market and Packing Co . . . 499 Essex St., '< mmmmmmmmm m wmm W'fti PORK AKD BBEP PACKERS. 29 i, Portland ...Beverley St., Boston Bet, Boston reet, " Bet, Boston reet, " I, Cambridge it II, YM River it Bt, " et, Haverhill mi, Holyoke reet, " K)t, Lawrence let, • " let, H5t, 3t., •♦ MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). Beeves Peter. 113 Essex Street, Lawrence ^yton, E. M., & Co 266 Lowell Street, Volpey, D. S. A 25 Beacon Street, " Norris Bros 36 Middle Street, Lowell Sanborn, Hurd & Co 32 Andrew Street, Lynn Crosier & Bartlett Pittsfield Averill, George H 20 Central Street, Salem Glidden, William H 62 Union Street, " hurd, J. A 6 Prescott Street, " Upton & Eaton 260 Bridge Street, " Home Brothers Sonth Street, Somerville Jenks & Co 22 Bennett Street, " Merrill, L. E 5 Concord Avenue, " North Packing and Provision Co " Handy, H. L 41 Hampden Street, Springfield Hunt, A. a, & Co 16 Sanf ord Street, " Sheldon, E. C, & Son 31 Bridge Street, " Smith &, Adams 43 Lyman Street, ** Jpringfield Provision Co Brightwood, " Goward, L. H 24-26 Tremont Sti-eet, Taunton Squire, John, P., & Co Worcester White, Pevey & Dexter Co. .... 13 Bridge Street, " MABYLAND. Bay & Heim 115 South Street, Baltimore Baltimore Beef Co 401 E. Pratt Street, Butler, Chas., & Sons 121 Cheapside Street, '< Cassard, G., & Son 517-25 W. Balto Street, " Frederick, John 12 Stinson Street, " " Gebelein, George, & Bro. . . 731 N. Castle Street, " George, P. T., & Co 210 E. Lombard Street, " Harvey, W. P., & Co 355 North Street, « Hofstetter, P. H 16-17 N. Fremont Avenue, " WM W ^aiMMai^^ 80 PORK AND BEBV PACKERS. MARYLAND (Continued). Hohman, C, & Sona. 2026-40 E. Monument St., Bultimoro Jones, R. M., & Co. . . . Ptt. and Fulton Avenues, " O'Connell, Joseph I., Packing Co " Pentz Provision Co 801-5 Calvert Street, " Pfeflenkom, L 215 N. Paca Street, " Rieman, Doyle & Co 315-17 W. German St., " Sehlmayer, D 501 Eastern Avenue, ' ' Shaper, Jacob C, & Co. 616-20 W. Lexington St., So. Balto Packing Co ... . 14-16 W. Barre Street, Steflens, Henry, Co 937-39 Fell Street, MICHIGAN. Baker & Shattnck Adrian Hine & Gustavo 518-20 Washington Avenue, Bay City Bigley & Co 32 Griswold Street, Detroit Hammond, Standish & Co.. 1016 Hammond Bldg., " Henkel, Peter, Co 128 Randolph Street, " Parker, Webb & Co 62 Grand River Avenue, " Webb, R. S 269 Grand River Avenue, " Grand Rapids Packing and Provision Co., 14 Ottawa Street, Grand Rapids Dettmann, Carl 124 E. Pearl Street, Jackson Rapes, Samuel A Montgomery Castenholz Bros. & Co., Getty Avenue and R. R. Track, Muskegon Oopas,J.H.... -O^oMO Hammond, Standish & Co. . .737 N. Wash'n Av«., Saginaw King & Moore 130 N. Jefferson Avenue, " Stingel, F. C, & Co. . 118-20 N. Washington Ave., " Teal, J. B 2700 S. Washington Avenue, " Trahan, E., & Son 414 W. Genesee Avenue, " ftiiMl»MM«MWII«a ' -.,.,.iiil i lM«WIJ«llM i MI I I miiK mmmmmam i., Bultimoro es, et, et, It., lie, it, «t, let, <( << << (( <( (< << << Adrian iiue. Bay City itreet, Detroit Bldg., Hreet, renue, renae. « Grand Bapids treet, Jackson .Montgomery ick, Muskegon Owosao At*., Saginaw enne, Ave., enne, enne. << << i< POKK AMD BBBF PACKRUS. 81 MINNESOTA. Friedrich & Hormel Austin Hormel, George, & Co " Stanton, Robert Crookston Cassidy Packing Co Mankato Armour Packing Co 413 S. 2d Street, Minneapolis Cudahy Packing Co Central Market, '' Minneapolis Packing Co. . . .211 Wash'n. Ave., " Minneapolis Stock Yards and Packing Co., 907 N. Y. Life Building, O'Leary, J. J., & Sons. . .981 Wasli'n. Ave., S. Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co., 201 6tb Avenue, South, Twin-City Packing Co 119 Ist Avenue, N., " Schank, Jacob Shakopee Armour Packing Co 381 E. 3d Street, St. Paul Columbia Packing Co " Lamb, H., ft Sons 138 E. 4th Street, " McMillan, J. T Upper Leuce Street, " Minneapolis Provision Co., Wabash and Montgomery Avenues, " Minnesota Packing and Provision Co South St. Paul O'Leary, J. J., & Sons 60 W. 10th Street, St. Paul Stanke Bros 155 E. 2d Street, Winona Winkels, J., & Co 2d and Lafayette Stredts, " MISSISSIPPI. Goldsmith Provision Co Greenville "^ MISSOURI. Daniels, W. O Canton Giegerioh, N " Miller, Philip " Meystedt, H. L " liiiiiaMlHliilill wmmmmm 32 PORK AND BEEP PACKERS. MISSOURI (Continued). Quisenberry, A. D Carrolltown nirech, G. Cape Girardeau De Soto Packing Co De Soto Stillwell, A. J., Meat Co. . ..307 N. Front Street, Hannibal Stohr, Fred 105-7 Market Street. Armour Packing Co. . . W. 9th and State Line, Kansas City Dold, Jaoolu^Paoldiif Oo. .1000 W. 8th St, Kumm Olty Fowler, O., Son & Co. (Ltd.). .335 N. James St., " Reid Bros. PaoUng Go. (Ltd.) . .Station A, Kanaaa City Sohwarzschild & Sulzberger Co " Swift & Co Station A, " Conrad & Son Louisiana Nauera Bros •* Happel, J. L Palmyra Ames, H., & Co Springfield Soudder, T. H , Denker, H. B ; St. Oharlei Hoefer, Frederick, Packing Co St. Joseph Krug, Henry, Packing Co . . 4th and Monterey Sts. , ' ' ^Jtforan John, Packing Co Stock Yards, •* Reid Bros. Packing Co 417 S. 3d Street, •' St. Joseph Packing aenue, Newark Bailey, C. M., & Co 05 S. Orange Avenue, Bailey, H. E 101 S. Orange Avenue, Bandendistel, Paul 43 Central Market, Jay, E. L 152 Front Street, Sohickhause, Pruden 9 Commerce Street, Schiener Co 143 Market Street, Schreihoffer, J . . .32 Central Market, Wagner, E 480 S. 10th Street, York, E. C 68 Pacific Street, Muhs, Henry 125-31 River Street, Paterson Ulrich, Charles M 25 W. Front Street, Plainfield English, H. T Market and Cooper Streets, Trenton Margerum Bros 5, 2d Street, '' Ponker, C. 8 Clinton and Whittaker Street, " Taylor Provision Co Perrine Avenue, " MMM t. PORK AND REEF PACKERS. 85 ifebnwka City ;)outh Omaha « ., Mancheater Nashua y eetfl, Oamden Feney Gity iw Brnnswic]^ inne, Newark mue, mue, rket, reet, rket, sreet, ;reet, 'eet^ Patereon «t, Plainfield jeta, Trenton iTQGvf reet, inne, NEW YORK. Kotinett Bros Huiid Crook Itoad, Albany Currier, Talmon 87 Lawrence Street, Holland & Bro 86 Qroon Street, Johnston & Co. 1»4 S. Poarl Street, MoCormiok, James F 30 Elizabeth Street, Schwartz, Geo., & Co ..107 8. Poarl Street, Spencer, John 1 53 Lark Street, Cook, Ooorge T., & Son 22 Market Street, Amsterdam Carpenter, W. N 22-28 W. Main Street, Babiak, A 686, 3d Avenue, Brooklyn Bartels, Otto 7 Wallabout Market, Butte Bros 12 Steuben Street, Figge & Bro 289 Atlantic Avenue, QrahUs, Herman 50 Prospect Street, Helfst, John P York Street, Hermann, Henry 56 Orand Street, Hoops, Herman 127 Kent Avenue, Hutwelker, Charles, & Co 80 Ewen Street, Hutwelker Bros 691, 5th Avenue, I^mational Provision Co. . . .35 Degraw Street, "Mueller, Charles 602 Fulton Street, Nieland & Son 9 Chauncey Htreet, Bost, Morris 26 Raymond Street. Stoll, Charles J 356 Graham Avenue, Stntz, Louis 917 Broadway, Wallabout Pork Packing Co.,. 278 Flushing Ave., Breisacker, S .261 Metcalf Street, Buffalo Gushing, T. W 862 Babcock Street, Danahy Packing Co Metoalf and Clinton Sts. Dold, Jacob, Packing Co 745 William Street, Hall & Son 5 Washington Market, Klinck Bros 105 E. Market Street, Sablen & Roland 310 Howard Street, mjiwiJiiiiiiii i ^ I 36 PORK AND BEEF PACKEKS. ^ NEW YORK (Continued). Summers & Schnitzins . . . .83-85 E. Market Street, Buffalo Thompson Packing Co .... '. 94 Lewis Street, " Weppner's Sons, A Sycamore and GuUford Sts., " Western Boef Co 72-74 Biver Street, " Westheimer Beef Co 114 Lewis Street, " Imperial Packing Co Canajoharie Bourke, Oliver Catskill Adams, Edwin G Cohoes Metzger, S. X., & Son Elmira Van Deusen, Charles A 13-17 N. 7th Street, Hudson Re«i» J- A Ithaca Salisbury, W. K Lansingburg Reune, H. B Malone Reynolds, The James L., Co Mount Vernon Coles, Marshall & Co 21-23 S. Water Street, Newburg Sneed & Mathews 139 Water Street, " New York City. -^8, Max 37a_74 Greenwich Street Armour Packing Co la Manhattan Market Armour & Co. igg Duane Street Bechstein, F., & Son 162 West Street Beinecke & Co i96_98 Pulton Street Bohnet, John 188 Monroe, and Catherine Street Chicago Packing & Provision Co. .333 Produce Exch. Bldg. Cook, H. A 979, i^t Avenue Coles, B. G., &Co 100 Forsyth Street Cudahy Packing Co 57 n. Moore Street Bastmaiis Ck>mpany . . . .58th Street and 12th Avenue Fairbank Canning Co 13 Jay Street Ferris, F. A., & Co 264 Mott Street Fowler Bros. Co. (Ltd.) m Produce Exchange t'ftl ilfi nrlS sassssssss, reet, Buffalo reet, " 3t8., " reet, " reet, " , Canajoharie ^ . . . .Catskill Goboes Elmira "eet, Hudson Ithaca Lansingbnrg — . Malone )unt Vernon )t, Newburg 4f ft ■ y iwich Street ittan Market >uane Street West Street alton Street erine Street Exch. Bldg. Ist Avenue rsyth Street (oore Street th Ayoiue ) Jay Street Mott Street le Exchange PORK AND BEEP PACKERS. 87 New York City (Continued). Fowler, George, Son & Co 360 Produce Exchange Frankfeld, B., & Co 131 Reade Street Gappoldt, F. C 307 E. 48th Street Halstead & Co 104 Forsyth Street Hammond, G. H., Co 309 Greenwich Street Haynes Bros W. Washington Market Herold, George 2161, 2d Avenue Heyer, A. Lester 629, 3d Avenue Kestens, F. H 670, 10th Avenue Kingan & Co. (Ltd.) 33d Street and North River King, Charles A 33 Avenue C Lindener, Charles 98, Ist Avenue Link, Ferdinand 129 Christopher Street Morris, Nelson & Co Manhattan Market Muller Bros 761, 10th Avenue • North Packing and Prov^ Co . . 444-8 Froduoe Bxoh. Ottmann, William, & Co Fulton Market Pebler, Charles, & Son 224 Stanton Street Robe & Bro., Packing Houmb, 547 W. 8Dth, 083 W. SSth, and 584 W. STth Street Offices, 264 W. 8ad and 844 Produce Ebroh. Schramm, William 179 Avenue SchwansMhild ft Sulzberger Go. . .40(ih St. ft Ist Ave. Silberhora Bros 92 Chrystie Street Stevens & Benedict 30 Pearl Street Squire, John P., & Sons 20 Harrison Street Swift, G. P. & E. C 105 Barclay Street United Dressed Beef Co 1st Ave. and 46th Street Webber, Richard 1520th Street ft 8d Avenue Weber, W. F 2916-18, 3d Avenue Kennedy & Angell Oneida Davios Provbion Co 24-26 Bridge Street, Plattsbnig mm ^ 38 POHK AND BEEF PACKBBS, NEW TOBK (Continued). Cheney & Hoyt 363 Main Street, Poughkeepsie Kenyon, E. F 364 Main Street, Velies', J. C, Son 127 Main Street, Dueppins, William, & Co 69 F^ont Street, Rochester Eckhardt, J 103 Kent Street, Hallock, J. M Jones and Centre Streets, Hautberg & Bnrkholder .53 Front Street, Peester, W. L 215 State Street, MulhoUand, D Rondout Braun, Charles Stapleton Syracuse Packing and Provision Co Syracuse Gere, W. C 215-17 E. Water Street, Mowry & Barnes De Forest, A 97 Congress Street, Troy De Lee, P. W 1538 Fifth Avenue, De Lee & Ryan 152 Fourth Street, Gaffey & Co McElwain Avenue, Kehn, Charles E., & Co 24 King Street, Kehn, Elias, & Sons 12 King Street, Lynd, Cyrus 110 Congress Street, Stansfield, W. F 147 River Street, Troy Sliced Smoked Beef Co. . .N. 4th and Jacob Sts., Norton, Thomas E t' tica Whiffen's, Isaac, Sons Utica Packing and Provision Co, . .7-9 Columbia St., OHIO. Brodt, Jacob 616-20 S. Main Street, Akron Kempel & Horst 190 S. Howard Street, Schoeninger, C 214 East Market Street, Banner Packing and Provision Co., Bank and Patterson Streets, Cincinnati Blackmore, Dawson & Co 40 Vine Street, T*T FOBK AKD BEEF FACKEKS. 39 OHIO (Continued) Brenner, C. J 629 Colerain Avenne, Cincinnati Back, William 91 McLean Avenue, Busch, H. F., Co 490 Vine Street, Cincinnati Abattoir Co Johnson Avenue, Davis, Charles, & Co 8th and Sycamore Sts., DAvis, William H., & Co 761 Plum Street, Foehr & Ziegler 24 E. Pearl Street, Frietsch, S. P., Co 108 Coleman Street, Hahn, F. A., & Co 51 Walnut Street, Haskins, R., & Co 61 Walnut Street, Hoffman, John . . . .Baymiller and Central Ave., Jacob, Charles 5 Marshall Street, Jacob, Joseph L., & Co Cormany Avenue, Jacob Packing Co Findlay and Canal Sts., Kirby, Robert. . . ; 67 Poplar Street, Knauber's, J., Sons 33 Stock Street, Laidley, T. A., & Co 61 Water Street, Lowenstein Canning Co 577 John Street, Maescher & Co 768 Central Street, Meyer, H. H., Packing Co., Central Avenue and Linn Street, Meyer-Huschart Packing Co., Clarkson and Central Streets, Morrison, James, & Co. . ..Bank and Riddle Sts., Raum, J., & Co 56 E. Pearl Street, Rawson, J., & Sons 310 Sycamore Street, Remmers, J. H., & Co 286 Harrison Street, Roth, Charles E 337 Freeman Street, Roth, John C, Packing Co., Fremont and Oehler Streets, Ryan Bros Johnson Avenue, Sander, The A., Packing Co . .19 Oehler Street, Scfarauder's, Qeorge, Sons.. Elder & Logan Sts., 40 POHK AND BEEP PACKERS. OHIO (Continued). Sohroth, J. & F. P., Co., Township and Cormany Streets, Oinoinnati Sohuetze, Ii. C, ft Ck>., 067-71 W. Liberty Street, Cincinnati Beck, John Mill, near Barber Street, Cleveland Bush, Arthur Mill Street Hill, Cleveland Provision Co 8 Bolivar Street, Flick, J. J., Provision Co. . .521 Forest Avenue, Flury.Bros Walworth and Mill Streets, Hopwood, James 060 Lorain Street, Kellogg & Jenkins 652 Brevier Street, Lake Erie Provision Co Clark Avenue, Ohio Provision Co Clark Avenue, Theurer, Norton & Co 112 Rhodes Avenue, Burkhardt, H., Packing Co., Burkhardt and Irwin Avenues, Dayton Focke, William, & Sons Springfield Pike, " » Jacobs, N., & Co 31 East Market Street, " North Dayton Packing Co " North Penn Packing Co " Gusdorf Bros Fremont Hahn, John, Jr 331 S. Water Street, Hamilton Brenan, J. J Marietta Webber, Frank " Cowdrick, E. R Napoleon Bear & Ruth Bros 523 Water Street, Sandusky Gumey Market Co 511 Adams Street, Toledo Pisker, Andrew R Xenia Millen, Harbine & Co " Yoangstowu Provision Co Youngstown '% PORK AND BEEF PACKEBS. 41 B, Oincinnati , Ginoinnatl , )t, Cleveland 11, lues, Dayton reet, " t( • • * ■ ...Fremont it, Hamilton . . ..Marietta . . .Napoleon 9t, Sandusky breet, Toledo Xenia « Youngstown OREGON. Horkersmith, J. W Ashland Christianson & Co Astoria Beale, T. J Athens Oeddes & Pollman Baker City Miller & Carter •< Taylor, James C Corvallis Cheney & Owens Dallas Fisher & Watkins Eugene Patterson & Miller « Corwin & Wooster. . . , Hillsboro' Caviness, J. L La Grande Southern Oregon Pork Packing Co Medford Logns & Albright Oregon City Houser, Z Pendleton Cross, Edwin C Salem Columbia Packing Co The Dalles Jones, E. E 2, Ist Street, Portland McAvinney, Leonard 289, 1st Street, " Pacific Packing Co 258 Russell Street, " Portland Provision Co 32, 6th Street, N., " Simmons, E. T 112, 12th Street, N., PENNSYLVANIA. Lohrey, H 476 East Street, Allegheny Mutzig, C 42 Allegheny Market, " Mutzig, J. F., & Co 48 Allegheny Market, " Remensnider, C 18 Allegheny Market, " Musselman, M. K 121 Broad Street, Bethlehem Hanok, C. E TEaston Rice, G. " Bush Provision Co 21st and State Streets, Erie Brelsford Packing Co. . . . 7th and North Streets, Harrisbnrg Harrisburg Provision Co . . . .423-27 S. 2d Street, " 'i 4 : «Hll mam 43 POBK AND BEEF PACKERS. PENNSYLVANIA (Continued). Dryfoos, Henry Uazleton Holmes, W. B Honesdale Worrall, James M Kennett Square Effrig, Samuel, & Go Lansdale Eberly, G. H 447 W. Lemar Street, Lancaster Eberly, J. Y .^. . .240 N. Mary Street, Martin, H. G 230 N. Mulberry Street, Snment, J 634 N. Queen Street, Swarbley, A. B 424 N. Duke Street, Obert, Joseph Lehighton Wadlinger, P Mahanoy City Weissenger, L. W., Jr. . . . Mount Carmel March, A. H Front Street, Norristown Seltzer & Bros Pottsvillo Ulmer PaoUng Ck>., Jacob Pottorllle Scranton Packing Go 113 Franklin Avenue, Scranton StOwers Pack. & Prov. Go. . .2 Lackawanna Ave., Shamokin Packing Go. ... .10 W. Gommerce St., Shamokin Alburger, Jacob T., & Go. . .414 S. Front St., Philadelphia Allen, John, & Go 820 Beed Street, Bofinger, Jacob, ft Go 120 Vine Street, Bower, John, & Go. . . 24th and Brown Streets, Bradley, Thos., & Go. . .21st and Market Sts., Burk, Wmiam, & Bro 1214 N. 3d Street, Butcher, Washington, Go. 148 N. Front Street, Felin, J.J 4148 Germantown Avenue, Grovedale Packing Go Somerset Street, Harhui, Gharles, & Go N. 30th Street, Jamison, John Water and Market Streets, Jewett, Abner A., & Go. . . .928 Noble Street, Michener, J. H., & Go. .946 No. Front Street, Moland, William, & Sons. . .158 Laurel Street, Ott, George 1244 S. 27th Street, SSSST. ri""is'.:r™K '^WrT i ffTTSti i l^ as PORK AND BBBF PA0KEH8. 43 PENNSYLVANIA (Continued). Pennsylvania Packing and Provision Co Philadelphia Phila. Packing and Prov. Co. 907 Drexel Bldg., " Roeioh, OharlM, ft 8on.8a8N.2d Stnati Philadelphia Warthman, The Adam H., Co., 35-46 Poplar Street, " Wilson & Rogers (Inc. ) 234 N. Water St., AUurt, H 286, 5th Avenue, Pittsburg Dietrich, C 119 Diamond Market, " Dunlevy & Bro 603 Liberty Avenue, ' ' Engelhard t, A 34 Diamond Market, " Evermann, W. H 98 Diamond Market, " Fried, M. M., & Co 28 Diamond Market, " Jones, H. E 97 Diamond Market, " Hanna, J. P., & Co 543 Liberty Avenue, " Kimmich, E. A 101 Diamond Market, " Kirkpatrick & Stevenson. . ..617 Liberty Avenue, " Myers, E. H., & Co 645 Liberty Avenue, " Peifer, P 28 Diamond Market, '* Pittsburg Provision Co " Rea & Co 242, 3d Avenue, " Reineman, E. A 16 Diamond Market, " Roberts, J. A., & Co 115 Diamond Market, *' Seipel, John 88 Diamond Market, " Smith's (G. F. ) Ex'rs 95 Diamond Market, " Stevenson, J., & Co 637 Liberty Avenue, " ZoUer, William, & Co 9 Diamond Market, " Leitheiser, Wm. K., & Sons. .911-13 Penn Street, Reading Millhopper Packing Co Sandy Run Schroth, J. & F., Packing Co Shenandoah Ahlbom & Co 82 S. Canal Street, Wilkesbarre Paine & Co. (Ltd.) L. V. Depot, " Sturdevant, Fogel & Co. . . .68-72 S. Canal St., " Getz, J. L 3 S. Newberry Street, York :i}%mi> i-mi if mMmmmmmmmmm ■i ^ gt'.P'^^i! '■?.■" na^. I '.,■; 44 PORK AND BEKF PACKERS. RHODE ISLAND. Sunderland, W. F., & Son Ea«t Greenwich Eaaton, William H., & Co 67 W. Broadway, Newport Comstock & Co Smithfleld Avenue, Pawtuckot Johnson, H. S 266 Weeden Street, Mason, I. B., & Sons Smithfield Avenue, " Comstock & Co 199 Canal Street, Providence Dyer, R. F 1890 Westminster Street, Kimball, Colwel' & Co. . . .469 Washington St., Lincoln, J. M 223 Canal Street, Mason, I. B., & Sons 166-73 Canal Street, Schott, J. N 52 Randall Street, Saugy, A 367 Canal Street, SOUTH DAKOTA. Northwestern Packing Co Sioux Falls TENNESSEE. Kei' Bros 1 Chattanooga Shamotulski, John, Montgomery Avenue and Whiteside Street, " Kney, Charles ; 192 Front Street, Memphis Nashville Packing Co.... Line and BellevUle Sts., Nashville TEXAS Dallas Packing Co. * . 126 Alma Street, Dallas Dallas Dressed Beef & Pack. Co. .145 N. Akerd St, " Forth Worth Packing Co Stock Yards, Fort Worth UTAH. Scott & Anderson 218 S. Main Street, Salt Lake City VIRGINIA. Isle of Wight Co Me of Wight Hechler, V., Ja, & Bro. . .1708-10 E. Main St., Richmond Kingan & Co. (Ltd.) Richmond i i iil W iii w'wwiaBWWw iV iii l ."lii' i ' r ii iii l i iiB'i i iSr ■M--MWHNi«imMiPMii st Greenwich ay, Newport ), Pawtuckot « J, , Providence » << <( << .Sioux Falls Chattanooga 3t, Memphis I., Nashville breet, Dallas St, " Fort Worth t Lake City le of Wight , Richmond . Richmond PORK AND BISF PAOKXBS. 46 WASHINGTON. CarstensBroB 121 West Street, Seattle Loach, Augustine, & Co .815 Front Street, " Masel, J. C, & Sons 806 West Street, " Wilson Drumheller Co Spokane Dally Packing Co E. 25th and U Streets, Tacoma Pacific Meat Co " Washington Packing Co " WEST YIROINIA. Brownrigg Bros Huntington Flaocus Bros 17th and Chop Streets, Wheeling Home Conserve Co . . . 1405 Main Street, " McMeohen, Geo. K., & Son . . 1920-26 Jacob St, " Reilly, M., Estate 1309-11 Main Street, " Schenk, F., & Sons 1130 Market Street, " WISCONSIN. Euehno Bi-os Neur S. 2d Avenue, Appleton Squires, John W Chippewa Falls Everson, C. W., & Co .Columbus Cudahy Bros. Co Cudahy Dmmmond Bros Eau Claire Level & Hunter Fond du Lao Steppenbaoh's, Charles, Sons Jefferson La Crosse Pack. & Prov. Co. .Front & Vine Sts., La Crosse Langdon & Boyd 116 N. 3d Street, " Pfeifler, V 600 Mill Street, Reimers, D 329 S. 3d Street, " Brinkhoff & Gefke 508 E. Wilson Street, Madison Gallagher Bros 1157 Williamson Street, " Hoven, M. J 101 N. Hamilton Street, " Lansing, Williim H 664 Williamson Street, « Roesch, William H 205 State Street, " i ,waiitW/aii,wiiwMi i!ait»wMMmjiiiajj«»iwiJu i ti«iii»^^^ •M PORK AXD BEBF PACKIR8. WISCONSIN (Oontinued). Soheler, H 031 Uuion Avenue, Madiaon Scheler Bros U Mifflin Street, Soelch, Geo 202 E. Main Street, Sommera Bros 117 W. Main Street, Sprecher Bros 202 Williamson Street, Webber, W. A 122 E. Waahington Avenue, Boddeu Packing Co MoOeogh House, Milwaukee Frank, L., & Son Pack. Co. .644-60 Market St., Kretschmar, The, Co 280-82 Lake Street, Layton & Co 86-88 W. Water Street, Milwaukee Packing Co. . .114-16 Sycamore St., Plankinton Packing Co McDowell Packing Co Oconomowoo Engel, C 16 Lincoln Avenue, Oshkosh Prairie du Chien Packing Co Prairie du Chien Flarity, Edward 7th and L Avenues, Superior Minnesota Packing & Prov. Co. . 110 Banks Ave., '« BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. Britisli ColumUa. Robinson, F. R New Westminster British Columbia Cattle Co Victoria Major & Eldridge " Moyle, J tt ICftnitoba. Burchill & Howie Brandon Allen & Brown Winnipeg Carveth, J. S., ft Co « Griffiii, J. Y., ft Co « New Bntnswiok. Slipp ft Flewelling. St. John mn^sm ■■ :A. Que, Madiaon •eet, " •eet, •* •eet, •* ■oet, " lue, " e, Milwankeb Oconomowoo lue, Oahkosh Tie da Ohien les, Superior e., '« L WestminBter . .. .Victoria . . . Brandon . . Winnip^ > . • St. John POBK AND BBEV PACKEBS. 47 Nova Sootla. Bertram, John H Halifax Ei»ner, P. II « Hames & Davis «< Hirschfleld, George •* Palm, Carl «« Ontario. Stevenson, N Almonte MoOainess, Robert A Belleville Gilbert, M Blenheim Brown, Nelson & Co » Brantford Cammel! Bros <* CoUingwood Meat Co Collingwood Craig, B. J Cornwall Campbell, William F Dondas Parsons, Henry ." Goelph Fearman, F. W Hamilton Lawry, Thomas, & Son «« Ingersoll Packing Co Ingersoll Matthews, George ^-indsay Canadian Packing Co. . . .435-45 Biohmond Street, London Hutchinson & Son 1-6 Covent Garden Market, ♦ ' Park, Gavin 10-12 Market Bazaar, " Park, John 72 King Street, " Webbe & Hutchinson " Whyte, John, & Son Mitchell McClean, W. A., & Co Owen Sound Matthews, George Peterboro' Curtis, John Port Hope Evans, Samuel 50 George Street, Ottawa Matthews, The George, Co. (Ltd. ) . . 18 York Street, " Marshall Broa Simcoe Allan, P., & Co St. Maiy^a 48 rOKK AND BBIV PAOKBM. Ontario (Continued). Oriffln, P. N St. Thomw Oodd, John Stratford Wingflelder, Albert, & Son " Lee, P , Tilbury Center Baillie, Jamei £ 66 Pront Street, £., Toronto Dickson, Jamei, & Co 26 W. Market Street, Dayiea,TheWm., Co. (Ltd.).Beaohell& Pront Sts., Enright, T. J., & Co £. King Street, " Pox Bros St. Lawrence Street, " Graham, McLean & Co 77 Colborne Street, " Ounn, D. Plavelle & Co 76-80 Pront Street, " Lamb, William, A Co 81} Front Street, Park, Blaokwell A Co. (Ltd. ) . 41 St. Lawrence Mkt. , Ryan, William 70 Pront Street, " Steinle, Charles 6 Ontario Street, " Thompson, R., & Co 35 Church Street, " Marshall & Paterman Woodstock Prince Edward Island. Rattenbnry, B. ft M Charlottetown Wright, George J " Quebeo. Matthews, George Hull Canada Meat Pftcking Co., Wellington and Murray Streets, Montreal Pischer, George P 36-38 St. Ann's Market, Growlx, Pabien Harper, James. 16 St. Philip Street, Idler, William G 16 Bonseconr Market, Laing Pack, ft Prov. Co. . ..889 St. Catherine St., Limages, Z 169 Commissioners Streets Masterman, A. S. ft W. H . . 2082| Notre Dame St., "ppfilpl POBK AMD BRRP PACKERS. 49 Qnebao (Continued). McOarry. (loorge a« St. Peter Street, Montreal McOrail, M. F., & Son ti Wellington Street, Morgan, Wm., 4 Son West End Abattoir, O'Conner, James. 17 William Street, Hacett BroB Bonaecour Market, Windsor, J. W Canal Hank Bailer, Louig Quebec Honey Bros. Paoking Co Sherbrooke YOU NEED NOT READ. THE National Provlsloner, Although it is S. ZBRS. >NB. ILIZBRS. BS. DD BBBF. > TRIPS. ise. Aves. tation, S9th St. II WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN MEATS. V I mammmLi ' ,. '■>iws'ig!W*'«wpMfl..iiw ie SCHWMZS CHILD i SULZ BERGER CO. Draised Bee^ Veal. Mntton, and Hog Produoto. NIW YORK OITY. i KANSAB OITY PrlrKriiMlOinMaMlAlMttolr, •».«■■•«• WITT, Pint A««., 4Mh and 4Mii at*. I KANSAS. NEW YORK CITY. I. No. 511 Weil Stm:t II. Cameraort Muket !l'' SPiS.'t'"' »•■»'>«•. ThUd Ave. and 7th St IV. Fint Anaue sad load Street. VI Twelfth AvcniK and i>d Street. BROOKLYN, N. Y. . _ SchwatMchlM * Sulaliener Co. I. r»mc and Fifth ATcnuei. IL Wallaboat Market NEWARK N 1 SchwarachiM A Siil(ber(eVco.,ifi« MalbcnySI SCHENECTADY, N. Y. Schwamchild * SuUbeiser Co., 124 S. Centre Street lAMAICA, N. Y. SchwanBctaild * SuUbeicer Co., DiirWon St and R.R. Avenue. BOSTON, MASS. SchwarsichUd * Sulaberger Co. I. No. 5 North Market Street ,11. No. 44 Clinton Street III. CUnloa Market PROVIDENCE. R. I. SchwarncMM » sulaberKer Cg PHILADELPHIA, PA. Jt'^lS^^t^"^" '''•■ ^■"-^"' PITTSBURGH, PA. Schwamchild * Sulabeimr Co., Pike. lelh and 13U1 Street*. * SCRANTON, PA. Schwamchild * SolabeiKer Co., Tokaih Place. BALTIMORE, MD. U Schwai^kUd * SuUfaerger Co.. No. an So. WASHINGTON. D. C. Schwai ochild * Salzbeiser Ca, >X9 U St, N. W. WILMINGTON, DEL. Schwamchikl * SoUbeicer Co., jioW.Frant St ATLANTA, CA. Schwanschi'd * Sulabereer Co., Alabama St ST. PAUL, MINN. SchwartMhikl A Sulxbeicer Co , Foot Cheat- nut Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. SchwanadilM * SvUfaeiKer Co., 311 and aia Third Avenue. ■ The Doited Dressed Beef Go. ofHtiYoit PACKKRS AND EXPORTERS OF BEEF, PLATES, NAVELS. ETC. Olao on, Olao Stearin*, Naatsfoot Oil, Prima City Tallow, Baaf Caainffs, HIdaa, Drlad Blood and Tankaff*, Partillzars, Hoofa, Horna, Bonaa, and all Slaushtar-houa* Prociuota. City Draaaad Rafrisaratad Baaf, Bull Baaf. TWt|iboa«^ n4-attli Bt. 48d and 44th Sts., PlrM Avo. and last IHvw, U&AO BLiniBirrBAIk PlMMMt ADOLTH MDtUltrm, Vlra-FMaUaat. UWn 8AIIDBLS, TtaMiuwr. UCWIS A. IX>1ID0M. SmmImV. ;r CO. ^roduoto. (ANSA*. , PA. c Co., Callowhlll PA. r Co., Pike, nth •A. •.. Tokaih Place. UD. Co., Na aw So. D.C. ■..txvBSL.N.V. DEL. i..3>oW.Fnint9t A. 'o., Alabama St IN. Co , Foot Choi- IINN. Co., ail and uj 6iYort. ETC. larlna, :y Tallow. Hides, Tank«ir*i loofs, r-hou«« 'rlflwratad Mf. t lliv»ry ttontMjr. P- f HOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD SLiU&HTERERS AID WHOLESALE DEALERS 01 MEATS. ALABAMA. Armour Packing Co 5, 20th Street, N., Birmingham Morris, Nelson & Co 1, 20thStreet, N., Tennessee Packing Co 7th St. and Ave. H, " ARIZONA. Pusch & Zollinger TomlMtone Balsz, F., & Co Montezuma, Street, Phcenix Hurley, M. E 6 W. Washington Street, " Kellner,E. F Stock Yards, " Murray, D. L., & Co. .Washington Street, " ARKANSAS. Bell, C. S Hot Springs Merrill, W.T Van Buren CALIFORNIA. Emery Bros ^^P^"® Lowrie&Co Alvarado Russ,Z.,&Son Eureka VaUeyMeatCo Marysnlle Hayes&Co ^^^^ Borgwardt, H. L Bakersfield Briggs, Thomas L - " Pedrotti, B Crescent City Baimnge,A.P • •-^^^^ SheinALadd HoUister M»y 4 Ohlson Livermore Cross, F 889 W. 6th Street, Los Angelea tmm mmmm S4 WH0LE8.Vt.E BUT0HBR8 AND 8LAU0HTERERS, ETC. CALIFORNIA (Continued). Hauaer, J lat and Maiu Streets, Los Angeles Maier, S 149 N. Spring Street, « Sentons Bros U18 Upper Main Street, " Sints, E. D 3d Street, Sloan, James Lompac Banks & Bedesen Merced Oakland Packing and Provision €o Oakland Samson, M. M .' " Ecklon, E. L., & Sons Folsom Street, Sacramento Heilbom, A., & Bro 621 J Street, Leinberger, H Broderick Street, " Swanston, C, & Sou Riverside Road, " Hardy, Charles S 701-707, 5th Street, San Diego Selmeyn & Allison '* San Franoisoo. Avy, Eugene 320 Sansomt* Street Brandenstein, M., & Co 319 Pine Street Brunswick, S 50 Grand Central Market Donnelly, Dunne & Co 601 California Street Draper & Selig 5th Street and Railroad Avenue Qeaubit, A 18 San Francisco Market Hall, J. S 1st Avenue Horn & Chapman 504 Kearney Street James, J. O., & Co 661 Market Street Johnson, J. O., & Son 331 Kearney Street Judge & Livingstone 331 Kearney Street Katz ft Sons. 95-100 California Market Lacosta, John 36 San Francisco Market Levy, H. 519 Clay Street Miller ft Lux •. 518 California Street Moding, T 4th Avenue and M Street MofEat, H 238 Kearney Street Oregon Stock and Butcher Co. 322 Pine Street MMiMiiiiyiiiiiiywi*^^ Angeles Ban Franoisoo (Continued). Pequillan, E. S 5th Avenue Poly, Heilbron & Co 339 Kearney Street Began & O'Brien 4th Avenue and M Street Bosenberg, Charles lat Avenue Roth, Blum & Co 201 California Street Salles, B., & Co East M Street Schenkel, P 5th Avenue and L Street Schenfeld, J 331 Kearney Street Schweitzer, J., & Co 619 Clay Street Shrader, A. W Ist Avenue Silverberg, S 320 Sansome Street Strouse, M 1146 Bfarket Street Sylvester, D., & Sons Railroad Avenue Taafe & Co Railroad and 4th Avenues, S Uri, F., & Co 20 San Francisco Market Welby, C. W ^ 6th and Townsend Streets Western Meat Co Blake, W. S 1317 Orchard Street, San Josfi Brady, T 100 W. Santa Clara Street, Lehmann, O. A . . . . Stone Ave. and Monterey Rd., " O'Rourke, John San Jos^ Meat Co Market and St. John Streets, " Western Meat Co 381 N. San Pedro Street, '< Sherman & Ealand. Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Slaughtering Co " Santa Cruz Butchers' Union Santa Cruz Edwards, J. W Weber Avenue, Stockton Fi8k,H.... Oerlaoh, Louis Grass, J. E., & Son Steffan, Jacob .Valleys Armstrong & Alge Woodland Measmayer & Weaner " << << 56 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUOHTERERS, ETC. COLORADO. Granes, H. S., & Son Alamosa Brigham, Thomas S Colorado Springs Denver Beef Co 1626-1628, 19th Street, Denver Oaard, James 1749 Market Street, '* Sargent, E. W 2520 Market Street, " Standard Meat and Live Stock Co. . . 1536 Wazee St. , " Lamb & Archdekin Durango Monarch Meat Co ilorence Western Union Beef Co Greeley Rich, J. W., & Co Lawrence Pierce, R. B., Beef Co 205 W. Chestnut St., Leadville Colorado Springs Packing Co Manitou Springs Gross & Wright Salida Bell, E. S., & Co Trinidad Trinidad Meat Co Lowenbruck, John Walsenbarg CONNECTICUT. Derby Beef Co 1 Gilbert Street, Ansonia Hotchkis's, G. , Sons 238 Main Street, " Bridgeport Beef Co 326 Water Street, Bridgeport Hammond, G. H., Co 4 Congress Street, " McElroy Bros 580 Water Street, Terry, William M., & Co., Congress Street and Honsatonic Avenne, " Danbnry Beef Co Danbnry Dwyer, P. 0., & Co R. R. Row, " Omaha Beef Co 70 White Street, , " Penfield, D. G Rose Street, " Chapman, C. P. Danielsonrille Derby Beef Co Derby Brash, S. A., & Bro Greenwich Botsford, Ingraham & Swift. ..126 Chnroh Street, Hartford Brown, G. T 978 Main Street, " ^IMBRMHlMMBS^^n^^ > ETC. . . Alamosa lo Springs >t, Denver . Dnrango . florence . . Greeley Lawrence Leadville u Springs . . . Salida Trinidad , Ansonia ridgeport Danbury ilsonville . . Derby reenwich Hartford WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. 67 CONNEOTIOUT (Continued). Filley, C. T 33 Canton Street, Hartford Hartford Beef Co 64-66 Huntley Avenue, " Hurllnirt, B. B 180 Churob Straet, Hartfbrd Wieder, M 91 Morgan Street, " Manchester Beef Co Manchester Strickland, J. J " Armour & Co 33 S. Colony Street, Meriden Birdsey, E. A Midd . > Kiad, " Cahill, C. W C.,/88 Street, Cahill, W. J 198 Stat- Street, Briggs, D. L., & Co 70 St. John Street, Middletown Carington, The F. H., Co Naugatuck Andrews, Swift & Co 36 Commercial St., New Britain Armour & Co 591 Main Street, " McCabe, Thos., & Co 324 Main Street, Crissey & Brinkerhoff ; New Canaan Andrew, C. C, & Co 23 Long Wharf, New Haven Andrew, F. S., & Co City Market, " Basserman, P 900 State Street, " Hazard, L. M 67 Vernon Street, " Lee & Hoyt 36 Union Street, " New Haven Beef Co 64 Union Street, " Russell, W. C 248 Cedar Street, Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co " Sperry & Barnes 114 State Street, " , Strong, Barnes, Hart & Co. . .166 Long Wharf, " BamstofF, O. F. New London Crocker, E. N., & Co " Ellis, S. N .• Klinck, Chas. H " Steward & Harris " Fillow, H. N ..Norwalk South Norwalk Beef Co 18 Ann Street, " Terry, W. M., & Co Water Street, " >M|JW4ilMllM* I IW < BWIWWJPM.WJi»'W' l » ! i«W> I Mtl-^it 68 WHOLES' ^.B BUTCHERS AKD SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. OONNEOTIOUT (Continued) Tinker, N., & Son Norwalk Armour & Co Ferry Street, Norwich Brown, J. A 15 Commerce Street, " Lippitt, Geo., "- Co 36 Water Street, Wintera, Swift 4 Co 3 Cove Street, " Bradley BroB. & Co Putnam Armour 4 Co Rockville Chicago Packing Co Canal Street, Stamford Terry, Wm. M., & Co 109 Canal Street, Weed, W. A., & Co Manhattan Street, " Brown, Jas. H Stonington Moran, Xavier South Killingly Bright Bros Thompsonville Torrington Beef Co Torrington Hall Bros Wallingford Bohl, Val 56 S. Willow Street, Waterbury Lilley, Swift & Co Qrand and Cedar Streets, " Pierpont Bros Judd Street, " Waterbury Beef and Provision Co., Field and Beaver Streets, " Swift, Bros 640 Main Street, Willimantic Tiffany, Geo 640 Main Street, " Moses & Green Winsted DELAWARE. Armour & Co Tatnall Street, Dover Gordon & Thomas " Hazell, J. H., & Bro " Best, B., & Bro. 700 W. 8th Street, Wilmington Bickta, D 8th and Madison Streets, " Boyd, Hugh 511 King Street, " ' Cypher, Geo 604 W. Front Street, " Curran, L 14 S. Harrison Street, " Eising&Lang 407 Orange Street, " ** WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. &9 DELAWARE (Continued). Plynn, P. H 13 French Street, Wilmington Garey, J. W 835 Bennett Street, " Oarey, B. P 311 King Street, Harisk, D 8th Street Market, Mark, P 1712 Penn Avenue, " Moreland, W. P 407 King Street, " Powdermaker Broa " Schwarzsohild & Sulzberger Co., 310 W. Front Street, Touohton, W. E ... 416 Tatnall Street, " Wilmington Abattoir Co Tatnall Street, " Zweifel, J 4th and Tatnall Streets, " ^ FLORIDA. Johnson, G. V , Key West Knight, Peter T " McDavid, R. M Peasacola DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington Abattoir Co Benning Armour & Co Washington Botsch's Sons, George L " Hammond, G. H., Co Hummer, L. M " . LoeflSer, Andrew *' Morris, Nelson & Co " Rammling, Chris " SchVarzschild & Sulzberger Co " Swift & Co Tibbetts, F. J " Vamall, J. T., A Son " Washington Market Co ** 60 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AXD 8LAUORTBRBR8, ETC. OrOROIA. Armour Packing Co 46-48 E. Alabama Street, Atlanta Atlanta Beef Co 42 E. Alabama Street, " Morris, Nelson & Co 44 E. Alabama Street, " Sohwarzschild & Sulzberger Co. . . .Alabama Street, " * Armour Packing Co 910 Walker Street, Augusta Miller & Co 1210 Twiggs Street, Morris, Nelson & Co Triangular Block, •' Brunswick Meat Market Brunswick Fulton, C. Darien Armour Packing Co 5th and Mulberry Streets, Macon Georgia Packing Co 468, 1st Street, " Macon Beef Co 271 Cherry Street, " Pounds, J. B Milledgeville Morris, Nelson & Co 77| VV. Broad Street, Savannah Savannah Beef Co 77 W. Broad Street, Smith, J. D Waycross IDAHO. Pamell, H Boise City Caldwell Butchering Co Caldwell !Nagel & Bomberg Genesee Wilkinson, E. J Idaho Falls Heldj Tl. E Moscow Holt & Robertson " Felkner & McGowan Pocatello Barger & Sears. . Wallace Follett Bros *' Kasemeyer, T. G Wardner ILLINOia Bray Bros Alton Fritch, Julius " Kirsch, G. F " Meyers, H " -: f^sanm^'l ilMM i fe- . ; .Alton WH0LE8ALK BUTCHERS AND RT.AUOHTERERtI, ETC. 01 ILLINOIS (Continued). Sohaub, Charles Alton Armour & Co 137 New York Htreet, Aurora Ortmein, J Beardstown IllinoiH Packing Co Belleville St. liOuiB Dressed Beef Co " Armour & Co. . ..1013 VV. Washington Street, Bloomington Connor, Thomas Braidwood Walter, Jacob Cairo Krischke, James Canton Meiners & 8 hupman Carlinville Chicago. Altman, Michael 76 Van Bnren Street Armbruster, A 17 Fulton Market Armour & Co N. Leavitt Street Armour & Co -. N. Halsted Street Armour & Co Union Stock Yards Armour & Co W. Madison Street Arnold Bros. Co 145 W. Randolph Street Bauer & Sweeney 5 Fulton Market Britton & Gnth 2 Fulton Market Craig, William 27 N. Peoria Street Dahmke, J. J. A 982 W. Lake Street Panz, Charles A 6 Fulton Market Englewood Beef Co 6407 Wentworth Avenue Fennessy, T., & Co 18 Fulton Market Gleaaon, M. W 13 Gross Terrace Gleason, T. C 16 Gross Terrace Haokett, James 2723 Quinn Street Haw, James 2935 Main Street Hess Bros 22 Fulton Market Hess, Thomas 1791, 69th Street HoUis, N. E., &Co 266 S. Water Street Jaeger, Philip 1-3 Fulton Market MMMB WII0LE8ALR BUTCHERS AND HLAUOHTRURRg, STO. OhlOftgo (Oontliiued). Leyden A ColIinH 10 Fulton Market Lincoln Avenue Beef Co 1106 George Street LoweuBtein, Sol 80 Fulton Market Margraf & Sutor 13 Fulton Market Mielke, Albert 26 Lawrence Street Miller & Armour 84-26 Fulton Street Morria, Nelson & Co 23 Fulton Street Morris, Nelson & Co 1536 State Street Morris, Nelson & Co 147 S. Water Street Morris, Nelson 4 Co 20 Larrabee Street Morris, Nelson & Co 92d Street and B. & O. Tracks Morris, Nelson & Co 663 W. Lake Street O'Brien & Phelen 11 Fulton Street O'Connell, John 2721 Quinn Street O'Connell, Michael 2719 Quinn Street O'Malley, William J 25 Fulton Market Powell, John 8 Fulton Market Qninlan, C g Fulton Market Ruprecht, J., & Co 77-79 W. Randolph Street Ryan Packing Co 187 W. Riiulolph Street Schneider, A 3741 Wabash Avenue Sheehan, James 2715 Quinn Street Swift Bros. 300 S. Canal Street Swift, O. F., & Co .- 612 N. Halsted Street Swift, G. F., & Co 1550 State Street Wachenheimer, H 16 Fulton Market Western Packing Co 133 W. Harrison Street Wolf, B., Slaughtering Co 4163 S. Halsted Street Zirzow, F 1300 N. Halsted Street Morris, Nelson A Co Depot, Danville Smith, William M., & Co Local Avenue, " Danzeisen & Son Decatur Imboden Bros " ILLINOIS (Continued). Morris, Nolmn A Co Decatnr Beck, Loiiia, & ^ o Dry Quoin Brinkmun Bros Elgin Kerber, C. A « Poster & Price Evanston St. Lonis National Stock Yards Co., St. Clair Avenue, East St. Louis Morris, Nelson & Co " Roberts, T. M. & S Galena Swanson, S. R., &, Bro Oalesbur:? Cole & Entrikin Oenesue Godfrey, Leibee « Armour & Co JoHet Kahn, Jonas « Swift A Co " Soheffler & Reed KankaVtH. Hoffrietter & Fister Bros Kewat< jo Amsler, George T » Salle Reinke, F « Stuart, Patrick << Eckert, John Lincoln Rock, Simon « Scheflfel Bros .Litchfield Oeddes, John .Lockport Sohultz, William «< Meisenbach, A Mendota Boyd, H. A Morrison Miller Bros Oak Park Godel, E., & Sons 219 N. Adams Street, Peoria Kruse & Co Sanger Street, " Oakland & Fahnestock . . . S. Water vu-l Liberty Sts., " Peoria Beef Co 801 S. \Vi ahington Street, " National Beef Co Front Street, Quincy Brigham, L. H Robinson J^ HUHH 64 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. ILLINOIS (Continued). Thompson, William Rushville Springfield Beef Co 922 E. Monroe Street, Springfield Swift Bros Adams and 3d Streets, " Armour & Co Sonth Chicago Schmoeger, S. A Sterling Pipper, John " Schraeder & Co Streator Edwards, Luke Vandalia Grady, Thomas Waukegan INDIANA. Anderson Dressed Beef Co. . Main and Grand Aves., Anderson Cramer, J., & Sons Andrews Hinkle, J. M Bloomington Herbert, Charles Brazil Stewart, R. S. " Fink, Phil Crawfordsville Barkley & Steele Decatur Donlin & Co Delphi Weil Bros 917 Main Street, EvansTille Sweitzer & Bickel Elkhart Jenkins, A. M Frankfort Bntterfield, H. A Goshen Tallen, William, & Co Greenfield Fort Wayne Beef Co 4 Calhoun Street, Fort Wayne Roux & Co. Glasgow Avenue, " King, F. M Huntington Bradford, Indianapolis Abattoir Co., ludiauapolis Brown, Chas " " Brown, Edward.... " " " Brown, G. A " " " Brown, Geo. W.... '* " *' Bryan, D " " « Crawford, S. M.... " " luahville ringfleld << Chicago Sterling <( . Streator Vandalia kTankegan Anderson . Andrews omington . Brazil ft jrfordsville . .Decatar . . . Delphi ETansville ..Elkhart Frankfort , . . Goshen Greenfield ort Wayne Huntington diatiapolis (( ft INDIANA (Continued). Linton, C. J Indianapolis Abattoir Co., Indianapolis Reiflel, G. L " " Wheeler, H. A " « Wheeler, W. H.... " " Coffin, Fletcher, & Co West and Ray Sts., Gardner, C. J., Vandalia R.R. & White River, " Hilgemeier, C. U . . . .Gray and Raymond Sts., " Indianapolis Abattoir Co " Kingan & Co Maryland Street, " Menser, J. R 290-292 W. Ray Street, " Morris, Nelson & Co Kentucky Avenue, " Finger, Jacob 47 N. Illinois Street, " Reiflel, M 295 W. Ray Street, " Swift Bros 123 Kentucky Avenue, " Wabnitz, L. E. Ohio Street, Drake, Nelson Kendallville Pike & James Knightstown Bonner, G. & W Lafayette Kurtz, Charles, & Co " Thrush & Bamum La Porte Ireen, H., & Sons. Ligonier Selig, D. & J " Brinokmann, William, & Sons Michigan City Miller, F. E Snyder Bros Monroe City Wolff, Isaac Mount Vernon Nelson & Wheeler Noblesville Liggett, R., & Son Plymouth Langsdorf, Charles Rochester Smithlinger, Philip Shelbyville Armour & Co South Bend Eastwood, W. D Rocksprof Bros " Hoffman, Christian, « Co Tell City I ■iinfim Miiai bMI>' urn MMMM 66 WHOLESALE BUT0HEB8 AKD SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. INDIANA (Continued). Steinhauer, G. . , Tell City Morris, Nelson & Co. . .944-946 Wabash Ave., Terre Haute Terre Haute Abattoir and Stock Yards Co., Young Avenue, " Shane, Henry Warsaw Berna, C. J., & Bro Washington Jackson & Ballinger Winchester Monk, C. C IOWA. Hellberg, H., & Son Anamosa Kauffman, J. L " Zalesky, F. E Belle Plain Spencer & Kilmer. Brooklyn Sinclair, T. M., & Co. Cedar Rapids Armour Packing Co 103 Perry Street, Davenport Davenport Beef Co Perry and Front Streets, " Thee Bros • Armour Packing Co. . .6th and Cherry Streets, Des Moines Des Moines Beef Co. ... 6th and Vines Streets, " Howard, John R. R. Avenue, " National Beef Co. . . .Vine and W. 5th Streets, Swift Bros Dubuque Simpson & Beatty Fairfield Schultz, Louis Fort Dodge Bnesber, Chris Fort Madison Vyse & Gottache Hamburg Glisendorf, F Manchester Kocher, J., & Co Marion Unangst, J. H ■" Long, Forbes & McKee Newton Reyfsnyder, Chaa., & Son Ottumwa Van Der Zyl Bros Pella Baxter Bros Red Oak liiiiMiii^ JTC. Ml City •e Haute << .Warsaw shington inchester « A.namoaa ille Plain Brooklyn a Rapids 'avenport !s Moines Dubuque .Fairfield irt Dodge ; Madison Bamburg anchester . . Marion . Newton Ottumwa ....Pella EledOak 'A H. .E8ALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. 67 IOWA (Continued). Clark, J. T Sigoumey Kaller,C " Brown, W.H •; "J'^i*'" Bush & Wells Washington Robinson, J. H .• What Cheer KANSAS. Scott & Whiting Arkansas City Durst & Logeman Atchison Swift&Co ", .^ GeenenBros 'V ••®^^'* Smith AKring •J?^'"^^^^ Kipple, G. M., & Co ^^!1SS Kalina&Cizek Ellsworth Henning,J Emporia Pfeiflfer & Weirich : Fort Scott Swi^t & Co ^°^ Leaveuworth Elliot, CO.'!.* Hol^o" Duff, J. B ...Horton Detrick,J. H Hutchinson Enesbardy, P 5th and Seneca Streets, Leavenworth Leavenworth Beef Co. . Main & Cherokee Sts. , " Swift & Co ^ *' Entrekin,F.D.... McPherson Hull, Louis Pitteburg Shute & Haskell ••^!"* OsthoflBros Sterling TopekaBeefCo 313 W. Ist, Topeka Knowles & Garland Wellington KENTUCKY. Martin, D. 8 .Cotlettsburg Hftis, Chas., & Co . . . .Lewis and Worth Streets, Covington KrauB & Sons Lewis and Montague Streets, " ■)tl»~^.?( L>H
  • Hl l f .li ll'1 i l l mimmm0' .ar.:-.^C/|-^.rr^ WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. KENTUCKY (Oontinued). Niemeyer, F. C Lewis and Weeteru Streets, Covington Rivard, Alf Lewis aud Western Streets, " Sauter, A Lewis and Montague Streets, " Schlosser, A Lewis and Western Streets, " Walz, Conrad 679 Western Street, Fencel, C. W. & H Frankfort Featherstone, Charles .Lexington Price, John F Wright & Meyers. " Armour & Co .144 Washington Street, Louisville Wilson, J. D Mount Sterling Duncan & Biggiestaff Richmond Million & Heathman " Wolf, A Somerset LOUISIANA. Clavetie, A. J New Orleans Crescent City Slaughter-House Co " New Orleans Abattoir and Stock Landing Co. " MAINE. Merdow Bros. & Co 38, Ist Street, Auburn Augusta Beef Co Augusta Armour & Co 134 Broad Street, Bangor Bangor Beef Co 130 Broad Street, " Bean & Son. Central Market House, " Bath Beef Co Bath Russ, C. F Belfast Mason, William W bethel Deering Bros Biddeford Portland Beef Co East Dc ring Gardiner Beef Co Gardiner Thome, F. S. " Best, John L 375 Commercial Street, Portland »*,! ovington << 'rankfort exington << « iouisville Sterling ichmond << Somerset r Orleans << Auburn Augusta ,, Bangor ....Bath . .Belfast ..^thel liddeford ; Dc ring Gardiner << Portland VTHOLESALE BUTCHBB8 AND 8LAUOHTEBBR8, ETC. 69 MAINE (Continued). Best, M. W . , 383 Commercial Street, Portland Cummings Bros 228 Commercial Street, " Dyer, Thomas, & Co 346 Commercial Street, " Eastern Beef Co 15 Silver Street Market, " Morris, Nelson & Co 250 Commercial Street, " Portland Beef Co 336 Commercial Street, " Rockland Beef Co Rockland Ham, E. M South Berwick Ricker, H. S Waterville MARYLAND. Armour & Co 414 North Street, Baltimore Armour & Co Pratt Street, *' Baltimore Beef Co 401 Pratt Street, Claremont Abattoir Co • Claremont, EutawBeefCo 400 Eutaw Street, " Morris Beef Co 215 Pratt Street, " Morris, Nelson & Co 500 North Street, Swift, G. F. & E. C 300-302 Eutaw Street, Western Beef Co 212 S. Eutaw Street, " MASSACHUSETTS. Kendrick, G. S Amherst Volpey Bros Andover Wakefield, J. P • Upham, E. E Arlington Lowe Bros. & Co Aye'f Sheldon, Charles A ^Beverly Boston. Adams, Chapman & Co 37 N. Market Street Armour Packing Co - .38 Clinton Street Armour & Co 109 Clinton Street .'»sswe*»*«w« 70 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. Boston (Continued). Armour & Co Commercial Wharf Atlantic Beef Co 116 S. Market Street Barnes, M. E. I'J'i Blackstone Street Balton, Kidder & Co 22 Blackstone Street Batchelder, Francis & Co 61-63 Blackstone Street Boston Beef Co 40 Faneuil Hall Square Butchers' Slaughtering & Melting Ass'n, Brighton Abattoir Chamberlin, W. N 115 Clinton Street Clark & Merrill *0 Clinton Street Clinton Market Beef Co Clinton Market Corwin, Wilde & Co 12-14 Clinton Market Davis, S., & Son Hi Blackstone Street Donnelly, J. J., & Co 75 Blackstone Street Donnelly & Co 30 Blackstone Street Downs & Wentworth 40-42 Merchants' Row Fletcher, J. V., & Son 66-72 Faneuil Hall Square Gunsenheiser, A., & Co 46 S. Market Street Hammond, G. H., Co 54 Chatham Street HoUis, N. F 50-61 North Market Street Hoogs, S. F., & Co 42 Merchants' Row Hyde, Wheeler & Co 41 N. Market Street Leamard, S. S 60-62 Faneuil Hall Market Mayo Meat Co 53 N. Market Street Mentzer, W. C. & A. P 25-27 N. Market Street Monroe Meat Co. 126 S. Market Street Niles Bros 67 N. Market Street New England Beef Co 103 Clinton Street New England Dressed Meat and Wool Co. .20 North Street Prince, C. H 77 Blackstone Street Reid Bros. Packing Co 46 N. Market Street Richardson, C. W 113 Clinton Street Sanderson, J. T 6-10 Quinoy Row Schwaraschild & Sulzberger Co 6 N. Market Street Skinner & Arnold 28 Faneuil Hall Square ETC. al Wharf et Street ae Street ae Street ae Street U Square Abattoir on Street on Street a Market I Market ne Street ne Street lie Street mts' Bow II Square cet Street am Street ket Street mts' Bow cet Street 11 Market cet Street :et Street cet Street let Street on Street ■th Street >ne Street Eet Street on Street incy Bow :et Street 11 Square WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD 8LAUGHTEREBS, ETC. 71 Boston (Continued). Sproul, P., & Co 23 N. Market Street Squire, John P., & Co 39-40 N. Market Street Sturtevant & Haley Beef & Supply Co. 6 Brighton Abattoir Swift & Co. 91 Clinton Street Swift Bros. & Co 40 Ames Building Swift, E. C, & Co 98 S. Market Swift, G. F. & E. C 28 Clinton Market Taylor, A. A 24^ S. Market Thompson, Clark & Son 9 Fulton Street Thomdike, A. H Clinton and Blackstone Avenues Waters & Taylor. 36 S. Market Street Whitaker, H. & C. F 23 S. Market Street Wilkins, W. L 24 S. Market Street Wcodbridge, S. F., & Co Ill Clinton Street Bankin, A. H., & Co '. Blackstone Sampson, T. W Braintree Cahoon, Kingman & Swift. 240-42 Montrello St., Brockton Morris, Edward, & Co 162 Montrello Street, " Winter, Sanford 688 Pearl Street, Sullivan, Jeremiah 73 Spruce Street, Cambridge Ward, John J Jackson Street, " Swift, E. C Clinton Bourne & Xickerson .Cohasset Bartan, John S Palton Thompson, H. E., & Co " Ward, E. N East Bridgewater Hammond, A East Brookfield Albert, A. C, & Co 1 Stafford Road, Fall River Cornell, D. H., & Son 30 Eight Bod Way, Hargravcs Mfg. Co 267 Pleasant Street, " Hathaway, F. E. , & Co 24 Eight Rod Way, Morris, Xelson & Co " Swift, Anthony, & Co 79-81 Davol Street, ■i »JJH I i | WM i' W ' «i ' — " " " I i t iiii ' i y^ y i i fti li r i I 'l ^liiii uinim i ( i ii t nm m jm^i.t PffjIM 72 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND 8LAU0HTEREB8, ETC. MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). Armour & Co 31 Laurel Street, Fitchburg Lowe Bros. & Co o South Street, " Lowe Bros. & Co Gardner Thomaa, J. B ...Gloucester Felton, J. P Greenfield Lowe Bros. & Co " Davis, Charles A 8-10 Batchelder Street, Haverhill Gowing & Higgins 262 Winter Street, Page & Hamden Railroad Square, " Morris, Nelson & Co 24-26 Main Street, Holyoke Nash, Holmes & Co 22 MainStreet, Steele, F. C, & Co 46 Race Street, Axtell, James K Huntington Churchill, John S. Lowell Road, Lawrence Morris, Nelson & Co Amesbury Street, " Carter, S. W Leominster Armour & Co 129 Market Street, Lowell Hall, Perham & Co . . . 590 Dutton Street, ♦* Jewett & Swift . 670 Dutton Street, " McKillop & Co 168 Gorham Street, " Public Market and Packing Co . . 72 Prescott Street, " Wilder, Charles W 166 Market Street, " Wilson, J. M., & Co 8 Thorndike Street, " Cotton, F. E 25J Buffum Street, Lynn O'Brien, John 123 Pleasant Street, Safford, H. L Ill Timson Street, " Thomas, J; B .480xford Street, " Davis, E. H Maynard Morris, Nelson & Co Marlboro' Armour & Co Milford Holmes, F. L.. & Co " Swift Bros " Bartlett, E. L Montague Natick Beef Co Natick ETC. Fitchburg >< , . Oardner loucester Greenfield Haverhill , Holyoke untington Lawrence ieominster et, Lowell et, " let, '* et, " et, " et, " et, " reet, Lynn reet, reet, " •eet, " .Maynard Marlboro' . . Milford Montague . . . Natick WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. 73 MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). Brownell, S. A 2-6 School Street, New Bedford Hathaway, James H . .Tarklin Hill Koad, " Morris, Nelson & Co., N. Front & Bridge Sq., " Swift, Anthony, & Co Bridge Square, " Brackett's Market Co 7 and 8 Coles Block, Newton Holmes, Wellington 413 Center Street, " Chase, J. M Ashland Street, North Adams Gibbs, E. F., & Co 17 State Street, Pike, James. Furnace Street, " Northampton Beef Co 20 Hawley Street, Northampton Steele, F. C, & Co 20 Market Street, " Maloney & Holbrook 24 Main Street, " Horton, Frank E North Attleboro' Goward, J. F North Easton Hayward Bros North Reading Conthell, Joseph H " Norwell Bills, George A Palmer Clark & Hastings " Crozier & Bartlett Pittsfield Eagen, James 32-48 Depot Street, " Hadsell, E. & G " Morris, Nelson & Co " Wolfe, The John 8., Co 36 Clapp Avenue, " Wood, E. P ; ... 167 Columbus Avenue, " Holmes, Charles T Plymouth Taylor, Charles Reading Gushing, H. J Rockland Gibbs, William R Sagamore Swift, N.P " Byrnes & Harvey Saxonville N. E. Dressed Meat & Wool Co. .. .Medford St., Somerville French, P. F South Braintree Bradley, L. E Southbridge Davis, Isaac C, & Son South Dartmouth I 74 WHOLESALK BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). Alger, H. H Sonth Ewton Armour & Co South Framingham Fitch, George £., & Co Carey & Glunz South Hadley Falls Searle,E. B., & Co Hammond, Aaron Spencer Armour & Co 162 Lyman Street, Springfield Gould, G. W Dorchester Street, Handy, H. L., & Co 45 Hampden Street, Howes, F. E., & Co 33 Bridge Street, Hunt, A. C, & Co 20 Sanford Street, Nye, George, & Co 130 Lyman Street, Sheldon, E. C 31 Bridge Street, Springfield Provision Co Brightwood, Strong & Ripley 215 Main Street, White, A., & Co 12 Tremont Street, Taunton Smith, S. P Wales Hashshom, Charles A Walpole Armour & Co 14-16 Felton Street, Waltham Waltham Beef Co 20 Felton Street, " Ware Beef Co Ware Armour & Co Westboro' Dunbar, Francis West Bridgewater Webster Beef Co Webster Bush & Mullen Westfleld Egleston & Co " Marshall, W. W Westfleld Beef Co Jourdan, B. A West Upton Brady, J Whitinsville Woburn Beef Co Wobum Armour & Co 26 Washington Square, Worcester Bartlett, J. F Holden and Grove Streets, " Clark, N. H., & Co 164 Foster Street, .■mam ..Ware « « WHOLBSALK BUTCHERS AND BLAU0HTEBEB8, ETC. 75 MASSAOHUSETTS (Continued). Clark, F. M 166 Foster Street, Worcester Gates, A. F 20 Shrewsbury Street, " Holmes, R. E., & Sons McCormick, Daniel, & Co 170 Foster Street, " Prentice, 11. S 820 Sumnor Street, " Swift, S. T., & Co aa Shrewsbury Street, " Taylor, H. C 69 Shrewsbury Street, " White, Pevey & Dexter Co 13 I ridge Street, " MICHIGAN. Howard, George Albion Value & Brand Allegan Lftubengayer, J Ann Arbor Bay City Beef Co 1008 Adilms Street, Bay City Bertch Brothers 112 Centre Avenue, " Hammond, Standish & Co Ist and Water Sts., " Hines, Gustavus. . . . 518-520 Washington Avenue, " Heyman, M Charlotte Detroit. Andrews, Samuel 19 Arcade Avenue Bussell, Walter 16 Union Market Caplis, Walter 18 Arcade Market Caplis, Michael 9 Arcade Market Caplis, Richard 32 Arcade Market Churchward, H 1 Union Market Clancy, J 1 Union Market Costello, J. & J 806 Michigan Avenue Detroit Beef Co 423 Adelaide Street Faltis Market Co 299 Woodward Avenue Farnam, M Leverett Avenue Fitzpatrick Brothers 23 Arcade Market Fleischman, L 35 Arcade Market Fond, WUliam 4* Union Market ■^s: 76 WHOLUALI BUTORIRM KifWr ^ikiSntHUM, BTO. Detroit (Continued). Ifry, J. E X 10 Arcade Market Funkey, F. L 17 Arcade Market Qrant, F 31 Arcade Market Hammond Beef Co 8th and River Streets Hammond, Standish & Co Hammond Block Harland, William 13 Union Market Hayes, Robert 26 Cadillac Square Heise, M. H 6 Arcade Market Karman, Charles 8 Union Market Karman, W. J 10 Union Market Kiefler, D 96 Marshall Avenue Lossemore, A. 37 Arcade Market Lossemore, J 30 Union Market Mclntyre, Samuel 33 Union Market Magee, William M 33 Arcade Market Marx, H 41 Union Market Mason, J. 1 36 Arcade Market Mertsch Bros 14 Griffin Market Michigan i^oef and Provision Co Cadillac Square Morris, Noisnu & Co 524 Adelaide Street Moynahar , J. A 1 Arcade Market Newton, T 88 Union Market Parker, Webb & Co 62 Grand River Avenue Began, T 9 Union Market Robinson, J 3 Union Market Stookers, William 38 Arcade Market Stonehonse, J. H 12 Union Market Weber, L. C 145 Monroe Street Young, W. D 6 Arcade Market Bitner Bros Escanaba Hessel, Q. R " Hammond, Standish & Co Gladstone Bottje, Derk Grand Haven •^mumimmmmfmf le Market le Market le Market er Streets tnd Block >n Market ao Square le Market >n Market m Market 11 Avenue le Market tn Market tn Market le Market >n Market lo Market In Market ,ac Square fide Street le Market m Market er Avenue )n Market )n Market de Market on Market iroo Street de Market , Escanaba (( Gladstone ind Haven WU0LC8ALB BUTCBBBS AND 8LAUGHTBHKKH, KTC. 77 MICHIGAN (Continued). Morris, Nolaon & Co 10 Ottawa Stri^ot, (Irand Itapida Swift, L. F., & Co 24 Ottawa Street, Western Beef and Provision Co Baer Bros Hancock Knite, Jacob Holland Alt, J. W iloHghtou Uesse Bros. & Co Howell Cudahy Bros. Packing Co Iron Mountain Gaiser, Emil, & Co Gonting & Son " Laing, W. S Armour & Company Iron wood Ishpeming Beef Co 200 Front Street, Ishpeming Morris, Nelson & Co Ridge and Second Sts., " Armour 4 Co Kalamazoo Richardson, Thomas 610E. Frank Street, " Bertch, F. W 333 Washington Avenue, Lansing Drulard, F. P 215 Cherry Street, " Lee, J. Edward Lowell Kremple, H Manistee Wall, C. A " Spademan, T Marine City Coles, J.. & Sons Marquette Faasbender, William M " Hamill,H. F Hathway & Peters " Ishpeming Beef Co " Cox, James S Marshall Hastings & Pellant Menominee Lawrence, A. W., & Co " Higley A Vedden Milan Roskopp, John, & Son Mount Clemens Heck, Henry, & Sons Monroe Meinzinger, C, & Son " iiiiiiiiii-iii. 78 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. MICHIGAN (Continued). Schrauder, John Monroe Webb, Alf Pontiac Saginaw Beef Co ' Port Huron Wellman, Charles " Wilson, Oscar A " Baer & Dymock Red Jacket Kohlhaas, F. A Kearney, F. H., & Co Republic Hammond, Standish & Co — 737 N. Wash'n Ave., Saginaw Hubert & Heller 604 Johnson Street, " Kainflert, C 1438 Gratiot Street, Saginaw Beef Co. . .Thompson & S. Franklin Sts., " Saginaw Valley Beef Co. . .210 8. Hamilton Street, " Stingel, F. C, & Co. . . . 118-120 N. Wash'n Ave., Hammond, Standish & Co St. Ignace Webster & Macam St. Johns Cornwell, L Sault St. Marie Hammond, Standish & Co " Brosch Frank Traverse City Behnlander, John A West Bay City Forbes, William L Whitehall Fairchild Packing and Provision Co Ypsilanti MINNESOTA. Homing, D Albert Lea Raiter, Charles H Alexandria Hangstorfer, William C Big Rapids Walker, C. A., & Co jBrainerd White, Charles H Chatfield Hammond, G. H., Co Duluth Sutphin, J. B., & Co " Swift ft Co 301 Lake Avenue (South) " Rodewald & Ochs Faribault Nelson, John J., ft Co Hutohinson (: mm it^i'^M" ^^^ ETC. ...Monroe . ..Pontine 'ort Huron (( ' i t< [led Jacket . . Republic i )., Saginaw l t, " 1 >t. " 1 i., " 1 »t " ' .St. Ignace ^ .St. Johns t St. Marie . ' •averse City . St Bay City .Whitehall ;. . . Ypsilanti ' . Albert Lea .Alexandria . Big Rapids . . . Brainerd ...Ghatfleld l . . . . J)uluth <( .uth) " ...Faribault Hutchinson WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD 8LAUQHTEBER8, ETC. 79 MINNESOTA (Continued). Smyth, C. W Lake City Kerich, Moeglein Little Falls Wirigs, J. P., & Bro Mankato Armour Packing Co .413 S. 2d Street, Minneapolis Minneapolis Provision Co 9 S. 3d Street, " Carr, W. H., & Co .214 1st Avenue, N., Cassidy Packing Co 26 J Central Market, " Columbian Market Co . . .38 Washington Avenue, " Couch, C. A., & Co 627 Nicollet Avenue, Gottwerth & Drews 106 N. Ist Street, " Minnesota Packing and Provision Co., 11th Avenue and S. 2d Street, " National Beef Co Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co., 21^-313, 3d Avenue, " Swift Bros '. Union Packing Co 211 Washington Avenue, " Stuche, Charles New Ulm Roach, P. A., & Co Northfield Schafer, J. M Owatonna Dow & Howe Red Wing Armour Packing Co 381 E. 3d Street, St. Paul Armour & Co 214 E. 3d Street, " Brown & Dyer 31 E. 7th Street, " Cassidy Packing Co 381 Robert Street, " Cudahy Packing Co Dekuey, Martin Upper Lena Street, " Haas, Anton Upper Lena Street, " King, J. R Chicago and Starkey Avenues, , " Lamb, H., & Sons 138 E. 4th Street, Luley, F. W., & Son 382 Jackson Street, MoCormick, W. E. ...Chicago and Starkey Aves., " Minneapolis Stock Yards & Packing Co. 391 E. 3d Street, ** 80 WHOLESALE BUTCHEBS AND SLAUOHTERBRS, ETC. MINNESOTA (Continued). Morris, Nelacm & Co Chestnut Street, St. Paul O'Leary, J. J., & Sons 64 W. 10th Street, Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co. .Chestnut Street, " Swift, G. F., & Son : . . Chestnut Street, Twin City Packing Co 211-313 Eagle Street, Grundman Bros Sauk Centre Eirchof & Weisel Stillwater Shapiro, M., & Co Tower Armour Packing Co 168 E. 2d Street, Winona Stanke Bros 156 E. 2d Street, " Winkels, J., & Co 2d and Lafayette Streets, '' MISSISSIPPI. Lntz, John Meridian Mattingly Bros Vicksburg MISSOURI. Betzler, Q CarroUton Fowler, A. W Chillicothe Coons, R. H Hannibal Stillwell, A. J., Meat Co ... .307 N. Front Street, Crocraft & Mueller Jackson Morris, Nelson & Co. 8th and Hickory Streets, Kansas City Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co " St. Louis Ave. Beef Co. . .1401 St. Louis Ave., " Cjnway & Piper Marshall Kuhn, H. K Nevada Irons, Robt " Armour & Co 214 S. 2d Street, St Joseph Dold, Jacob, Co 416 S. 3d Street, " St. Joseph Beef Co 413 S. 3d Street, " Swift & Co " i ETC. St. Paul « (( (( << luk Centre Stillwater . .Tower 5t, Winona Bt, " ts, " Meridian .Vicksburg .Carroll ton Chillicothe ..Hannibal Bt, . . .Jackson Kansas City << « . . . Marshall Nevada << , St< Joseph « WHOLESALE BUTCHEB8 AND SLAUOHTEBERS, ETC. 81 St. Lonlc. Morris, Nelson & Co Broadway and Pestalozzi Streets Morris, Nelson & Co. 1010 Fourth Avenue Morris, Nelson & Co 807 S. Theresa Avenue Morris, Nelson & Co 6800 S. Broadway Morris, Nelson & Co 312 S. 21st Street Morris, Nelson & Co .Broadway and Market Street Muldoon & Co .207 S. Main Street Murphy, J 2315 Morgen Street St. Louis Dressed Beef & Provision Co.. .823 N. 4th Street St. Louis Union Stock Yards Co Union Stock Yards Springer, Thomas, Meat Co 1919 Benton Street Swift Bros 1012 S. 4th Street Swift, G. F., & Co 1012 S. 4th Street Newton Meat Co Sfiuolia Wright, S., & Son ". " Garlick, T. H., & Son Springfield Sawpey, Thomas " Dumler & Co Trenton Heberling, William H Warrensbnrg Sams, B. T., & Co Parker Bros Webb City Bredall, H. N Webster Grovo MONTAXxu Bielenberg, N. J., & Co ... Anaconda Wilkineon. A. J., & Co. . . Billings Butte Wholesale Meat Market 117 ;*:. Purk Street, Butte Helena Meat Co .18 Edwards Street, Helena Moran, W. H., & Bro Main Strf-n, East. Helena Harvest, J. H Livingston Holt, B. K .Miles City Grill & Daily >lis8onla McDonald & Chapman Red Lodge yjpw.i;.M 82 WHOLESAJiE BUTCHERS AND 8LAUOHTEBEB8, ETC. NEBRASKA. Watkins, R. H Alliance McGee Bros Arapahoe Baith, E. D., & Co Arlington Pancoast & Pancoast Ashland Beatrice Beef Co Beatrice Klingmen Bros Chadron Hauer & Hauer Friend Stehr, F Grand Island Beekman & Knapp Hastings Palmer Bros " Smith & Sons Kearney Daren Bros Lexington Maybury, John Neligh Semmler, A Norfolk Gatz, F. C O'Neill Oliver & Ramage Plattsmouth Grouss, Joseph Red Cloud Green & Co Schuyler Cudahy Packing Co 645 L Street, Lincoln Hubbard Packing Co U2 N. 13th Street, " Lincoln Meat Co 916 P Street, " Silberhorn, W. H., Co " Swift Beef Co 714 R Street, " Wheeler Packing Co 316 N. 10th Street, " Gar.^aer, Michael 610 Central Avenue, Nebraska City Nebraska Beef Co Swift, G, F., & Sons. . .13th and Leavenworth Sts., Omaha Anderson, A. P Stromsburg Allen, J. B., & Son Wahoo GoU, A Wayne Sackett, W. B Weeping Water Clark & Beveridge York Ross & Co " If ETC. . .Alliance . Arapahoe Arlington . . Ashland . . Beatrice . Ghadron ...Friend and Island . .Hastings << . Kearney Lexington . ..Neligh ..Norfolk ...O'Neill lattsmouth Bed Cloud . . Schuyler it, Lincoln at, Bt, Bt, " et, " )raska City <( (( ts., Omaha iltromsbnrg Wahoo . , . . Wayne ping Water York s WH0LB8ALB BUTCHBEB AND 8LAUOHTBBBB8, BTC. 83 NEVADA. Schultz, otto T ^^'^"ill!^ Litton & Hunter ^^f^ Haley,T.E pV f T^ Cook Bros PiocheCity Bailey, W.S ^'^^ NEW HAMPSHIRE. Concord Beef Co R- R- Square, Concord John P. Squire & Co Dover Beef Co 2d Street, Dover Morris, Nelson & Co Mclntyre, John Wilson, J. M., & Co 15, 4th Street, " T«^« T «J Great Falls Legro, J. S Peavey, C. F. & G. S Greenfield Keene Beef Co ' ^««°« Nims, F. ; • " . Laconia Beef Co. Lacon>» Cox C. E 36 Granite Street, Manchester Durgm, C. H Manchester Beef Co . . Franklin and Cedar Sts. , " Morris, Nelson & Co Franklin Street, Public Market and Packing Co . . .Franklin St., Slayton, E. M. , Co 64 Granite Street, Tnwle, J. E., & Co 22 Granite Street, T .4^ „. T? T» Nashua Chicago Meat Co. 6 Pleasant Street, Portsmouth Portsmouth Beef C' Yeaton, H. A. , & Son 143 Market Street, Kochester Beef Co Rochester NEW JERSEY. Lonfc Branch Beef Co Asbury Park Abergfell, George Atlantic City mmm- ; If — I * W i ll. i'sihi* . iSl' J/A^ fe-S* 84 WHOLBSALE BUTOHBBS AND 8LAUOHTBBER8, ETC. ■ NEW JERSEY (Continued). Barkhardt, Charles Atlantic City Evans & Parker " Bergen Point Beef Co Bayonne City Fryer, William " Mahuken, J. H " Ruhlman, E., & Co " Bergen Point Beef Co Bergen Point Brady Bros " Heckel, R. E., & Sons Bloomfield Van Sant, Nicholas , " Kingsland, A Boonton Bridgetou Beef Co Bridgeton Holmes, L. B Kinkle, O Sneathen, J " Hitchens, John Burlington Silpat h , O Burckell, J. H Dover Dover Beef Co " Sampson, J. W " Bennett, H. T East Orange Condit, 0. E. & W. E " Hedden & Bennett " Wheaton, M Armour & Co Elizabeth Bender Brothers " Elizabeth Beef Co " Elizabeth City Packing Co " Gla8er,J.&B " High,GeorgeG " Metropolitan Dressed Beef Co " Snhardien, J. E " Tipper, John Englewood Emmons, J. K Freehold )l ^ ...>3i3i»0L»&4K . --T«r urlington <( . . . Dover « ■MMMUmWW ',1 pw WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. 85 NEW JERSEY (Coutinued). Emmerich, L Guttenberg Henry, F Hackenaack Smith & Shafer Van Buskirk, J. H Coffin Brothere Harrison Kerr, John Bollinger, J Hoboken Hoboken Beef Co Rehn, Ernest Schelling, George Siemer, H Smith, M. & J " Armour & Co , . . .396 Henderson Street, Jersey City Bartlett, G. V., & Co . . .1 Montgomery Street, " Bowden, J. 664 Communipaw Avenue, " Brainard Bros 1 Montgomery Street, " Huu3on Beef Co 303 Grove Street, " Jersey City Beef Co 138, 9th Street, Wilson, G. B., & Co Fuller Building, Armour & Co .^ Long Bi-anch Long Branch Beef Co. ! " McCIain, J Miller Bros Madison Arnold Bros Morristown Hibbler, William H Morristown Beef Co Herbert, J. B., & Son Mount Holly Armour & Co M. & E. B. R. Avenue, Newark Coffin, H. T .131 Harrison Avenue, Lehman, Emanuel 5 Commerce Street, Lehman, Isaac 5 Thomas Street, Morris, Nelson & Co Newark Beef Co Orange Avenue, Schickhaus & Pruden 9 Commerce Street, ilaiiMilWiii immiiiMM I wmm 86 WHOLBBALB BUT0HBR8 AND 8LAUQHTBBBB8, BTC. NEW JERSEY (Continued). Schloss, A. C Avenue B and Astor Street, Newark Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co. .164 Mulberry St., Strauas, B 4 M. & E. R. R. Avenue, " Deinzer, George New Brunswick New Brunswick Beef Co.. 122 Puterson St., " Raritan Beef Co 56 French Street, " Schmidt & Valentine Jones, Thomas Orange Swift Bros *] Vincent, Thomas Frank, William Passaic Passaic Beef Co Streckfuss, F. C '* Werling, A. J Brogger, L. C. N Perth Amboy Krogh, Chris Leigh, Albert S Princeton Warren, R. D Allen, F. W Paterson Armour & Co 107 Hamilton Avenue, " Bauer, T. & S • ]* Morris, Nelson & Co Philipsburg Beef Co. Philipsburg Shimer, Joseph R Plainfield Beef Co Plainfield SomerviUe Beef Co SomerviUe Straub, Christian South Amboy Decker, Wilson South Orange Roth & Co Baumgartner, W 140 Brunswick Avenue, Trenton Morris, Nelson & Co Stein, L. II 27 Tucker Avenue, " ScUeckess Beef Co Perrine Avenue, Trenton Abattoir Co Perrine Avenue, WH0LB8ALB BUTCHBRS AND 8LAUQHTBRBR8, ETC. 87 << <( <( NE"W JERSEY (Continued). Trenton Beef Co Ringold Street, Trenton Staltz,A WestHoboken NEW MEXICO. Townaend, F., & Co Chama Fennesaey & McLendon ^^7 Jone8,GeorgeD SiWer City NEW YORK. Armour & Co Albany Guthman, R., & Bro Spencer Street, " Morris, Nelson & Co Swift Bros ' , Blott & Hannington. Albion Armour & Co Amsterdam Carpenter, W. N Auburn Dressed Beef Co 42 Chapel Street, Auburn Babcock, H. W 46-48 Garden Street, " Smith, Charles A l? Hulbert Street, " Home, George T Babylon Bisdee, Edw Baldwinsville Wood & Briggs Ballston Spa Longwell, W. V Bath Craft & Caldwell 61 Jackson Street, Batavia Schenck, J Bayshore Sands, A. A Bergen Armour & Co Binghamton Darling, C.S " Comes, George T Brockport Beck, August 186 Geneseo Street, Buffalo ggjl J. w 75 I^wis Street, " Bishop & Son 20 Elk Street Market, " Cannon, Joseph Washington Market, " Cushing, T. W 862 Babcock Street, " 1 »IWilllTIIIIIIIIIHIl MMiii IMIIH f ^ 88 WHOLESALB BUTCHEBS AND 8LAUOHTEBEB8, BTO. NEW YORK (Continued). Qeissler, L 4^1 Carroll Street, Buffalo Hall & Son 5 Wauuington Market, " Hoffleld, R., & Co 65 Carroll Street, '• Klinck, C Elk Street Market, " Klinck Bros 105-107 E. Market Street, " Krauss, A., & Co 23 Quay Street, " Miller, George 235 Peckham Street, " Milsom, A 85 Elk Street Market, " New England Dressed Meat and Wool Co., 23 Live Stock Exchange, " Sahlen & Rolan 310 Howard Street, " Summers, William 87 E. Market Street, " Weppner's, A., Sons. .Sycamore and Guilford Sts., " Western Beef Co 72 River Street, " Wolff, N 32 Lloyd Street, " Brooklyn. Aarons, A Johnson Avenue Atlantic Beef Co 176 Fort Greene Place Armour & Co 188 Fort Greene Place Armour & Co Williamsburg, E. D. Armour & Co East New York Armour Packing Co 201 Fort Greene Place Bernstein, N., & Son Johnson Avenue Bloch, Henry '. 268 Hudson Avenue Brooklyn Beef Co 74 Atlantic Avenue Brooklyn Veal and Mutton Co 164 Fort Greene Place Butterfaas, C 88 East Avenue Cudahy Packing Co 168 Fort Greene Place Dressier, G 74 East Street (Wallabout Market) Force & Kentana 192 Fort Greene Place Fort Greene Sheep & Provision Co. . .172 Fort Greene Place Graf, H. & J. 108 Wallabout Market Heidelberger, W. C. & P. C 537 Manhattan Avenue opawnpi" WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AND SLArOHTERERS, ETC. 89 Brooklyn (Continued)- Hamburger, H 300 Johnson Avenue Hamburger, S Johnson Avenue Isaacs, O '^^* «" ■ii wfi 90 WH0LE8ALR BUTCHBB8 AND 8LAUOHTBBKR8, BTO. i Brooklyn (ContinuedX Wallaboat Market Shoijp Co 87 East Avenue Weil, Joseph, & Soiiri Johnson Avenue Williamsburg Beef Co 100 N. 6th Street Wolf & Stem 5470 Johnson Avenue Wulf & Ehler 73 East Avenue Duncan, John C'airo O'Conner, John Canajoharie Blanchard Bros Canandaigua Boyle & Garland — " Mutschler, Louis " Cronk, E. A Oanastota Van Buren, A., & Son Oaatletou Case, Nelson M Oatskill Granby & Van Hotf-en ** Douglas & Kissam Ohateaugay Blinn, Philo D Ch.ifcham Crates, S., & Son Cherry Valley Booth, Geo. W City Island I indauer Bros • • .Clifton Springs Z^^luff • lixarles E Clyde \:<:mC John, & Co Cohoea '■Jofley, Daniel . . Bruel, August College Point Uch, David Wheeler, Bradstreet & Co Gibson Street, Corning Cortland Beef Co 98 Railroad Street, Cortland Marks, T. T 8^ Argyle Place, " Dolan, James, & Co Coxsackie Lester, A Cuba Bliss Bros Dobb's Ferry Jones, Thomas C Dunkirk Hammond & Nield East Aurora PoBt, Jotham East Williston i i KTC. t Avenue a Avenue Ith Street I Avenue it Avenue Cairo majohttrie mndaigua Oanastota Oastletou ..Oatskill hateaugay . Ch Syracuse Hammond, G. H., Co. . . .23»-241 Walton Street, " Hoffmann & Drescher. " Morris, Nelson & Co 243 Walton Street, " Mowry, H. J., & Co 101 Lock Street, " Sv ift Bros : 236 Walton Street, - " Syracuse Packing and Prov. Co. ..419 Fulton St., " * lUohter, Louis Tan^town Shotts, John C " Bftx, Philip Tompkinsville Hardleben, Wm., & Co Tonawanda t^ \ 08 WH0LB8ALB BVTCHBB8 AKD SLAUOBTISBU, KTO. NEW YORK (Contintiad). Sharrott, W. H. ft J. D Tottenville Beiaer, D 27-29 Kiver Street, Troy Duke, John " Keyn ft Baach 2436, 6th Avenue, " Swift Broe a78»-2790, 6th Avenne, " Bndlong, S. H., ft Son 57-59 Miiin Street, Utica Hammond Beef Co 49-50 Ifain Street, " Hutler, Val 253 Sunset Arenne, '< Morris, Nelson ft Co 1st Street, " Seymour ft Kelso Walden Truesdel, I. John Warsaw Applebee ft Peck Wellsyille Hartshorn ft Ingham Yonken Morris, Nelson ft Co ** Shotts, J. C " Swift Bros " Westchester Beef Co *« NORTH CAROLINA. Cransford, W. R Raleigh Coughentour ft Shauer. Salisbury Richards, J. M Winston NORTH DAKOTA. Hyde, Z., ft Go Fargo Bentschler ft Schoeninger. *• DriacoU ft Welch Grafton IJphane, Ni^than " Gilbert Bros Grand Forks De Groat ft Anderson Hillsb OKLAHOMA. Sams, J. H., ft Co El Reno Brown, J. W. Guthrie Wilson, J. P " « « « « El Reno .Onthrie WH0LI8AUI BUTCHIBS AMD BLJtrORTBBIIIS, RO. 99 OKLAHOMA (Continued). Olsen Bros Milton Hill Bro« Oklahoma City Lowenskin, I " OHIO. Armour & Go Erie Street n Depot, Akron Brodt, Jacob 016 S. Main Street, " Kempel & Horst " Sohoeninger, 214 E. Market Street, " Sohoeninger Bros " Sael, J Ashland Bouaenberger & Ganas Bellefontaine Zehner Broe Belleme Kabig, Frank Bowling Green Kramer, (George Buojmu Glover, J. 0., & Son '. ..Oadii Tumbough & Sellers Cambridge Armour & Co 91 E. 4th Street, Canton OinoinnatL Alexander, Julins. 228 Connany Street Armonr & Co 52 Walnut Street Am>\% F., Sons 39 Branch Street Bare, Charles ... Rachel and Plymouth Avenues Bauer, Andrew .Sidney Avenue Bauer's, Jacob, Sons. 214 Massachusetts Avenue Blackburn, J. A Clarkson and Central Streets Cincinnati Beef Co Front and Main Streets Dinkelaoker, F 266 Colerain Avenue Donnewald, H 69 Livingston Street Engel, F. 16 Dunlap Street Erhardt,G.. 79 Poplar Street Freudn, A 15 Straight Street Geringer, William 1137 Colerain Avenue # • » > t ^■. ''i 100 WH0LI8ALB BUIBRBM AHD 8LAU0HTRRBRS, ITO. Ciaoinnati (Oo&tlnued). y Ooets, Charles 213 MaiMohuaetts Avenae Ortdolf , V 11 Straight Street Hoffmann, J 541 Baymiller Street Hoffman, J., & Sodb Bank and Turner Streets Hust, George A 001 Central Avenue Hust, Jacob 19 Dunlap Street Janson Bros 55 Poplar Street Jaokers, F 3 Dunlap Street KauH, J 411 Spring Orove Avenue Kline, Bauer & Co 215 Massachusetts Avenue Kraft, C 211 Massachusetts Avenue Kuhn's M., Sons 42 Stork Street Kurrus, A 598 John Street Lowenstein's, A., Sons John and Livingston Streets Lowenstein Canning Co 577 John Street Meyer^ H 211 Sidney Avenue Morris, Xelson & Co Front and Walnut Streets Obermeyer, H 278 Bank Street Oohs, John S 10 Straight Street Orth, Mrs. J 597 John Street Osfeld, F. A Sidney and Township Avenues Pansero Bros Straight and Colerain Streets Peters, D. F. A 630 Colerain Street Pfiedter & Rabenstein 61 Livingston Street Rehn, William, & Bros Branch and Henry Streets Riohter, G 862 Queen City Avenue Ries, P.. Harrison Avenae Robinson, D 540 Baymiller Street Ryan Bros Alabama and Kinney Streets Sohlaohtier, J 409 Colerain Street Sohoenberger, £ 545 Baymiller Street Sohroth, J. F., Co Cormany and Township Streets Sohneler, L., & Bro 308 Sidney Avenae Seibel, Jacob 15 Kindel Avenue Vm i, KTO. attm tttttait tfl Avenue ght Street tier Street ler Streets bI Avenue lap Street >lar Street lap Street re Avenue ts Avenue l» Avenue >rk Street >hn Street )n Streets ihn Street y Avenue tit Streets nk Street iht Street hn Street ) Avenues in Streets An Street on Street 7 Streets y Avenue n Avenue ler Street ly Streets in Street ler Street p Streets 7 Avenue 1 Avenue WH0LE8ALK BCTCHBR8 AKD SLAUGHTERERS, ETC. 101 Olnoinnatl (Oontlnued). Slimer, George John and Pindlay Streets Weiss, Charles 806 Freeman Street Weyand, Charles 691 John Street Wunder, Samuel 156 Findlay Street Wurster, Qeorge Ethan Avenue Armour & Co 30 Broadway, Clevebnd Blumenstock A Ascher 108 Sheriff Street, " Flick, J. J., Provision Co 681 Forest Street, " Sheriff Street Market and Storage Co " Swift Bros 853 Pearl Street, Swift, O. F., & Co 363 Ontario Street, Teufel, M., & Sons 43 Pleasant Street, " Theurer, Norton & Co 112 Rhodes Avenue, " Weigel, F Louis and Meyer Street, " Oundlach & Slessman Clyde Armour & Co 26 W. Randolph Street, Columbus Morris, Nelson & Co 40 E. Naghten Street, " Shaw & MoNaughton Coahocton Shodgrass, Thomas, & Son Crestline Dayton Beef Co 6th and Ludlow Streets, Dayton Focke, William, & Sons .... 1004-1006, 6th Street, " Gilliland, L. L 225 8. Caroline Street, " Horwell, W. W. River Street, " Jacobs, N., & Co McGee Street, " Knecht, Christ Main Street (Riverdale) '• Lots, P 218 S. Lowis Street (Patterson) " Mock, Alexander Main Street, " Morris, Nelson & Co r " Donovan Bros Delaware Helmhamp Bros ^ . . . Delphos Armour & Co East Liverpool Wells, T. E., & Co Union Street, Willis, S. A Eaton ii n m nH i j i M WHW WW i . p m iliflH i i l ii ' 102 WHOLBSALB BUTCHEBS AND 8LAUOHTBBBB8, BTC. OHIO (Oontinued). Boynton, J. E., & Co Elyria Armour & Go . ; 345 N. Main Street, Findlay Lynch & Yocnm FoBtorift Fleckner, Geo., & Bro. " Baaman, J., & Son Fremont Biebighauser, H Oalion Lipphardt, 0. H 127 S. 3d Street, HamUton McClun, C. W " Cronsher, F Ironton Horahel, E " Lowenstein, N., & Son. .. Jackson Johnson & Go Krait Erembihl & Koch Kenton Hugh, D. & B Lancaster Moding, W Leetonia Lima Beef Co 121 E. Wayne Street, Lima Thomas, M., & Sons 239 S. Tanner Street, " Kock & Wiemer Loudonyilte Kern, Wm., & Son Mansfield Seaton Bros. " Stoodt, W., & Son " Milligan, S. F Martin's Ferry Asman, John C Marysville List Bros Massillon Willenburg & Brown Oviatt, Q Medina Spring & Schaster Miamisbnrg Knewzle, J., & Sons New Phila Freck, J. C, & Co Niles Pay, Geo. S., & Son OberUn Beck. John Ottawa Presley, F. E Painesnlle Decker, Val . . . ; Piqua Danis, ThoB. H Pomeroy iMMk waiaM mfmititfimtiintimlmimiumm ■diu. Elyria eet, Findlay FoBtom . . . Fremont Oalion »t, Hamilton « Ironton « Jackaon Kent Kenton ...Lancaster ...Leetonia Eitreet, liima Jtreet, " Loodonyilto ...Mansfield tt « . . . utin's Ferry . . MarysviUe . . .Maasillon ... Medina . Miamisbnrg ..NewPhila Nilee ....Oberlin Ottawa . . Painesrille ...... Piqoa ...Pomeroy OHIO (Oontintted). Kelly & Wenger Port Clinton Brand, J. A Portsmouth Damn, Geo. Baneh, Chas. Armour & Co 517 Water Street, Sandusky Bustretter & Weingartner. , Sidney Springfield Beef Co 67 S. Mechanic Street, Springfield Armour & Co .SttabenyiUe Bair & Bro " Bullock, -Wm., A Bro Hankey & Alt Tiffin Hartsock, G. W " Miller,JaB.D " Armour A Co Washington and S. Erie Slareets, Toledo Hammond, Standish A Co. :. " Hasemeyer, J. F. Main Street, " Morris, Nelson & Co US. Erie Street, " Swift Bros 8-12 Erie Street, " Toledo Beef and Provision Co., 31-^7 S. Ontario St., " Fronefield ft Greenwald Van Wert Distelrath, J. G Wapakoneta Shibely Bros Warren Wilheim F " Turner Bros Wellsrille Ambnhl ft Co Xenia Armour ft Co Youngstown Armour ft Co Zanesville Felsenlee ft Son Fox, Theo Stack, W. H.... Wolf, D., ft Co. ' ; ■• \ /i nmM R*IW«il)M|IM«lfli< 104 WHOLESALE BUTCHERS AKD SLAU6HTBBERS, ETC. OBBQON. Hyde, Milton Albany Schaltz Bros. & Co " Stewartson, J. M " Bonn, W. P Ashland Portland Meat Co Portland Soners, H. M Williams Avenue, " Union Meat Co 4th Street, Woodworth & Co 249-261 Front Street, " PENNSYLVANIA. Allegheny City Beef Co 26-28 Church Ave., Allegheny Armour ft Co .64 Anderson Street, " Morris Chicago Beef Co 29 Church Avenue, " Pittsburg Meat Supply Co., Church Avenue and Anderson Street, " Winter, Emil, Co Kerr's Island, " Allentown Beef Co 130 Hamilton Street, Allentown Arbogast & Bastian 31-37 Hamilton Street, " Deifler, George, & Bro " E^aufman, Oeorge, & Bro " Meyer, Otto 228 N. 8d Street, " MUler, Charles 246 N. 7th Street. " Reinhard & Bro 18 S. 8th Street, " Binns, E, E. , Sons 26 N. Front Street, " Worman & Kemmerer. ....... 12 N. 8th Street, " Armour& Co Altwood Armour & Oo Beaver Falls Beaver Falls Beef Co 6th Ave. and Sd St., ^' Stower, F. B Bellefonte Bethlehem Beef Co Bethlehem Deck, Oeorge H " Huebner, 602 E. 3d Street, South Bethlehem Knauss, M. W. . . .Broad St. & 4th Ave., " KrauBs, M. A 8 Allentown Boad, " ; •: |WK^^^^^^^^B_ :,7« ««*ilk«MlM«iMiMMMlkB>*itiytl»«iittii^w»>>ifaflftiii*.ii-^ ^ 110 WH0LB8ALB BUTC1IKR8 AMD 8LAUOHTKRBR8, BTO. PENNSTLYANIA (Oontinued). Armour, Samuol C Saint Clair Mengel, E. C Sohuylkill Haven Campbell, P. & 8on Soottdale Kritachgau, John " Staufler, C. W ArmbruBt, H 240 £lm Street, Bcranton Bennett, Ira, & Co.. 816 W. Lackawanna Ayenne, " Dale & Co 415 N. 8th Street, " Miller, John S Franklin and Vine Street*, " Soranton Beef Co 702 Wyoming Avenue, " Sohwanachild & SuUberger Co " Lake, John B Sewiokley Shamokin Beef Co Shamokin Henlan, William .Sharon Hoelsle, F " Kraft, O Sharpgburg Wertz & Beck '* Nelson, Andrew Sheffield llorriaon, Andrew Shenandoah Shenandoah Beef Co " Stout, Russell •. " Weiderbold, H ; Hoigletode 4b Holler Shippensbnig Kern, A. A Slafington Danis, Boss F., ft Co Somerset Conner, J. H Strondsbnig Kinney, Hi H Snnbury Sunbury Beef Co " Brode, E. E .Tamaqua Krauth, John, Senior Tarsntnm Beese ft Wager Titnsville Longenbaoher, John ft Son Tyrone Wallaoe3roe. ; " Armour ft Co Uniontown MHl iUili 9, KTO. bint Clair kill HBven . SoottdaUe , Sonmton << Sewiokley Sluunokin ...Sharon • . . harpgbnrg .SheiBeld lienandoah « ppensbni^g Slafington .Somerset rondsbnig . Snnbnry « .Tamaqoa Tarentnm TitDBTille ...Tyrone tt Jniontown m WROLBSALS BUTCHBR8 AMD 8LAUGHTBBBB8, BTO. Ill PENNSYLYANIA (Continued). Hur»t&Core Uniontown Armour* Co Washington Baldwin, J. S., 4 Co " Meredith, J. L Wefltohester Brown, Wealey & Son 114 8. Canal Street, Wilkesbarre Laoey, H. R., & Co . . 186 Northampton Street, Shoemaker, Geo Academy Street, Wilkesbarre Beef Co. . 141 Northampton Street, " Williamsport Beef Co 118 Basin Street, Williamsport Mitsel, John »• Market Street, York RHODE ISLAND. Mexey, J. Baton, & Son Central Falls Nichols, J. B. Greenwich Street, ' ' Armour & Co Bridge Street, Newport CoggeshaU, F. B 116 Thomas Street, " Newport Beef Co Long Wharf, " SwiftACo ^, " .„ Bennett, N.P Olneyville Chicago Beef Co 33 Bayley Street, Pawtucket Ooates, W. W. & Co 346 Canal Street, Providence Comstock, J. F., ft Sons 216 Canal Street, "^ Hall,C. C .» 66 Dean Street, " Lincoln, J. M 223 Canal Street, ^ " Lincoln, J. M., & Co 830 Canal Street, Morris, Nelson A Co 364 Canal Street, Public Market Co Westminster Street, " Providence Beef Co SMigy, A 867 Canal Street, - " Sohwamohild & Suliberger Co . . . Canal Street, " ViaU,G.B.. i- 2 Waflis, F. warren Westerly Beef Co ....Westerly Lyman, Swift, & Co Woonsocket TTS""wnOLE8ALB BUT0HBK8 AND 8LAU0HTKRBRS, BTO. SOUTH CAROLINA. CharlMton Beof Co. . . .Meeting & Mary Street*, Charleston Pope, W. S., & Bro Columbia Bomar Bros Spartanburg SOUTH DAKOTA. Stowell & Yeoman Aberdeen Bender, B. P Bradley Kochler, J. B Madison Schlenning & Young Rapid City Whistler Bros Watertown Jewell & Engelhart Webster Stier & Ferdinand Yankton Wyman&Ward " TENNESSEE. Godsey & Moore Bristol Lynes Bros Clarkesville Aokerman, Leo 9 Carter Street, Chattanooga Chattanooga Beef Co " Hagey, A. J., A Son Columbia TEXAS. Fisber, F Brenham Franklin,? Bryan Amoldt, G 2 French Market, Dallas Dallas Dressed Beef & Packing Co. 145 N. Akerd St. , " FenoMer Bros El Paso Snyder & Harris Georgetown Bauss, Geo .Houston Geiselman, J. L Lutz, Geo Marshall Spaithe, A. M Palestine Hicks & Baker Pa™ Herpel, Wm San Antonio McDonald Bros " ■anaiMMM i i i ii wi i ii f I d i i i i i i i ia t wf i i ri i i i i W i iimWi'UBa i iii , BTO. ^harleaton Columbia ttrtanburg Aberdeen ..Bradley . . Madiiion [lapid City iVatertown ..Webster , . Yankton .. Bristol Jlarkesville battanooga << . Colombia . .Brenham — Bryan ket, Dallas St., " ...El Paso Georgetown ...Houston « ..Marshall . . Palestine , Paris an Antonio WHOLESALE BUTOHEHS AN!) 8LAU01ITBRBB8, ETC. 113 TEXAS (Oontinuod). Michel. C. T., & Sons. »»« Antonio Pfeil, Henry " Irvine A Wilson Sherman Bentinck, Geo IJ*'"' Goldsmith. 8 Waco UTAH. Murray Meat & Live Stock Co Muway Greenwell, C. H., & Bros 366, 24th Street, Ogden Hailey. Morrison A Co 8885 Well Avenue, " Hess, F. E., A Co 173, 26th Street, " Dickinson A Marriott. . .266 8. Main Street, Salt Lake City Salt Lake Meat Co 5 West Street, " Utah Slaughtering Co. .368 W. First Street, ** ' VXBKONT. Thompson, C. C, A Co Bennington Buriington Beef Co. . . . Maple and Battery Sts., Buriington Barnes A Co.... Brattleboro» Brattleboro' Beef Co " Montpelier Beef Co Montpelier Vermont Beef Co Rutland Royoe,A. H. A 8. S St. Albans Collins Bros St Alban's Beef Co . " . White River Beef Co White River YIBOINIA. Walker Brtxi Bedford City Clement A Clement Danville O'Brien, Wm. A... ..Lynchburg Shaner, Jacob Shaner, J. Philip Wright A OaighUl " I •1 J. 114 WHOLMALB BUTOHBU ABD 8LAU0HTBBBBS, BTO. ▼XROINIl. (ContlnuMl) Stein, Mr«.M ManchMtor Armour & Co »» WBter Strert, Norfolk BobertMn, 0. R., & Co 8-10 City Mtfket, Portsmoath Armour A Co 1*3 Union Street, Biohmond Kingan & Co. (Ltd. ) . U27-U30 £. Carey Street, Swift Broe 1607 Bioad Street, Catt, E. B., A Co Salem WASHINOTON. HoM Broe Oentralia Talmadge & Coonen " LomnuMMU.L. R., A Co Colfax Field Broe EUewburg Aleof,Joeeph Fairhayen Butler, Chas Port TowMend Evans Broe. & Co Cartene Bree 121 and 683 Weet Yeeler Avenue, Seattle Cndahy Packing Co. . .802 National Bank Building, " Denner Market Co 928, 2d Street, " Frye, Bruhm Co 116 Wadiington Street, " Hammond, O. H., Co., The 910 Weet Street, " MaMl, J. C, ASons 806 Weet Street, " Seattle Meat Co " Bosquet, Leon .Garden Springs, Spokane Fisher, Adolph 986 Sprague Avenue, Hansen A Mahoney Broe Spring I^e, " King ABender Spring Avenue, " Spokane Butchering Co Wilsoh-Drnmheller Co " Frye, Bruhn A Co 909 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma Kreuteman, E Puyallup Street, " Pacific Meat Co. 1686 Pacific Avenue, " Blnerock A Sons Vancouver McCkildrick A Hough " 1.': I, no. lanohMter t, Norfolk Ortimonth Biohmond u ....Salem .Oentnlw . ...Oolfaz EUeiMburg .Fairhftten Towntend (< tae, Seattle ing, " eet, " eet, " «et, " eet, <4 pi, Spokane te, le, « << « ae, Taooma et, " ae, " .Vanoonrer WHOLKSALR BUYOHBHH AMD Hr.AL'OHTKKl H8, KTC. 118 ^^ WABBINOTON (OontiPned). Kirkman, William Walla Walla Saver, William '* Balford A Balford Whatcom uia..^.^....^."'.^.'^""^ o-lr*"" Young, M. W., & Bro • Cole, William L Clarkaburg WaldeokALaw • " Luoa.. F., 4 Son ,;'v"^" Bowen,DaYi»&Son Huntington Madagan,J Morgantown Wheeling Bee! Co Wheolmg WISOONBIN. Kuehne Broa South ad Avenue, Appleton Wolfram, A. E 872 College Avenue, " Armour Packing Co. . . .110^122 Commercial Bow, Ashland Ashhmd Meat Co Hanley & Halbrook . . .9th Avenue and 4th Street, Lake Superior Beef Co Commercial Row, Boehn,J. C 828 St. Clair Street, *' Meyer, F.C -A^**; Flandera&Herrick ^'^^ Harvey, C.W Beaver Dam Martin, Joseph A B^Jf** Ritcher, John ^^ Bouse & Traatle ;• • • * Campbell, B., & Son •'^T^'^'"* Bartlett&CarsteBs Fond du Lac Conghlin Bros •' •• '^ Treleven, D. D., 4 Co Btack,B.J Fort Howard FlattinBroa. & Co • 1 mm^ ■M MIWMiM«Mte<— MM -T 116 WH0LESA7.E BUTCHERS AKD SLAUOHTEEBBS, ETC. WISCONSIN (Continued). Daly, Oharles J)., & Co Grand Rapids Schumacher & Bro Green Bay Johnson, Goon & Johnson Hudson Carlson, Nels Janesville Harper, B. B " Scarclifl, George " Jahn, C Jefferson English Bros Kenosha Stahl, P., & Co " La Crosse Pack, and Prov. Co. .Front & Vine Sts., La Crosse Lohe, H., & Co Manitowoc Pitz, John " Hastings & Trotier Marinette Martin & Campbell " Ely & Galvin Mauston Burett, James A Merrill McCarthy, M., & Co " Armour & Co .Milwaukee Bom & Kolnitzer 796 Tentonia Avenue, " Oudahy Bros. Co. . . . , Mnskego Bead, " Gifford, George P., Jr 150 Second Street, " Gross, F. C. , & Bros . . Muskego and Canal Streets, " Gnmz, B., ^ Co. .Mnskego and S. Canal Streets, '* Swift Bros Second and Fowler Streets, " Geetings, John, Jr Monroe Hesse/ W.H Neenah Lowe Bros Neillsrille Eapermick, A., ft Son New London HaeffelBros Oconto Warren ft Son Portage City Armoor ft Co Baoine Bomley Bros, Main Street, " Graff ft Jnasen .Bipon Hammond, Standish ft Co Bhinelander ' " itUtt iwWMMilliiiMiBiiiiiii MMiWMWtHiMMiliiii^^ N— iMaiNW^ kERS, ETC. rand Rapids .Green Bay Hudson . . . Janesville <( . . . .Jefferson .Kenosha its.. La OroBse . . . Manitowoc « Marinette « . . Mauston ...Merrill « . ..Milwaukee nue, " »ad, " reet, " Bets, " Bets, « Bets, " Monroe Neenah — Neillsville .New London Oconto .Portage Oity Bacine 1 Street, " ....... Bipon . .Bhinelander WHOLESALE BUTCHEBS AKO 8LAUOHTEBEB8, ETC. 117 WISCONSIN (Continued). Spearbaker, C. C, & Co Bhinelander Degenkalbe, F., & Son Sheboygan Gottschalk, M Knooke, Charles '* Lor£eld, F. L " Blut Bros Sheboygan Falls Keller & Co Tomah Jenson, Matt Wanpaca Ware* Morris " Armour & Co Wausau Chadwick, A. F., & Co West Superior WTQMINO. Bresnahan & Smith '. Cheyenne Thomas Bros " Marsh & Cooper Laramie BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. British Colnmbia. Brightman, S Nanaimo Quennell, E " British Colnmbia Cattle Co New Westminster Dickenson, B., Estate. " British Colnmbia Cattle Co ..Vancouver Mcintosh, W. A., & Co " Xaaitdba. Bnrchill & Howie Brandon Hull Bros. & Co ..Calgary Topp, F. O., A Co r. .. * " Taylor Bros. & Co Minnedosa Snowden & Nelson .Morden OiUies & Son. Portage la Prairie Bobb A Liringston..... " 9 "-^ . irru rri ' -■■"-'■"'-"■■^""'-'■«m»h'< 118 WH0LB8ALB BUTCHBRS AHD 8LAUOHTBBBRS, ETC. Manitoba (Oontixiued). MoDonalcl, Jo|m, & Co. Prince Albert Ohilds & Gallagher Kegina Bennalleck, H Wmnipeg Canon & CoWles Gallagher, P., 4 Sons *' Holman Bros McLennan & McKenzie ** N«w Bnmswiok. MiUer, W. J., & Co New Castle Matthews, G. C Moncton McDonald, John St. John Ryan, Michael St John McLean, Fonerter Woodstock Newfoondlaad. Connors, Michael ^t. John's Cook, William Nova Sootia. Haas, James • • . .Lanenburg Smith, John New Glasgow KeUy, James..... North Sydney Ontario. Johnson Bros Amprior Miller, John Belleville Klein, George.... ,. Berlin Tyson Bros Oawker, W. R. R.... Bownwnyille OarsonsBros Brampton Smith, James... ..• Brantford Webling.B.H. • " Brown & Boss BrookviUe MUM iiiiaiiiMMi , ETC. ce Albert ...Begins Winnip^ « rew Castle .M(nictoii .St. John . St John Voodstook Pt John's « [innenbuTg w Glasgow rth Sydney . . Amprior .Belleyille ....Berlin > • • . . owQumville .Bnonpton .Brmtford .BroclcTille WH0LE8ALB BCTCHBBS AKD 8LADOHTBBBR8, BTC. 1I9 ——i: -~ Ontaxio (Oontiimed). Cowan, Enoch & Co BrockviUe Henderson, J. J Murray, John .^ Stagg, John. ' . Irvine, George n'^t^n Nanoarrow Bros Campbellford Taylor & Beatty Canmngton WihwnBros. Carleton Phioe Goodknd, Frederick Chatham Ramage, James S^ ^ ^ Couch, A -^^r:^ Powell. O.W •• "? Fawcett & Bobbins Dunntille Davis, Richard. • ?"*«' Mills, A. AT.... F«;^* Allison, ThoB : •"'.!' McLean,R Godench MiUer,J.&R ...• <*'»«)P^ Roberts, J • • Beer, Frank.... Hamilton Bowering & Pain. • CUurk, Thos. ft Dingle, Jas. A — • Harrison, Henry '^' „. Fee,Wm • Kinjpton Gowdy, Jas. "^ McCamroon, John Waddington, Bros * " Bibbings, Adolphus. ^••i?J°S Doherty.Jas Mitchell Biley, Walter • •'''"^'T^ MteH«ttie,Wm. Niagwa Falls McAllister, Jas J^'^V^^ Schmidt, Geo Pembroke 1 ■wwMWfaw «i-ir" ,'.-^,i^^um..^immiamiiiMmam 120 WHOtBSALB BUTCHBB8 AKD SLAUOHTBBERS, BTO. . _ J . __ — — Ontario (Continued). Barrie, A.&^, Perth Laplant, John Peterhoro* Marshall, Edw Petrolia Brown, O. W., & Co Port Arthur Coffey, John Port Elgin Bhischke, Jas. , & Sons Preston Kobold, H. W., &Co Rat Portage Peterson, Richard St. Catherine's Alhin, F., &Co St. Mary's Hammond, James St. Thomas Pinoombe, J., & Son. " Bnohner 4 Co Samia Brown, T. A., & Co Sault Ste. Marie Ooyenlock Bros Seaforth McEachren, M Stayner Ubelacher, H., & Son Stratford Wingflelder Bros Holland, Terence. IM Curaon Street, Toronto Kelly, H 66 St. Lawrence Market, " Levaok, William 36e Brock Avenue, " Smith, Benjamin ... 648 Dnndas Street, " Waller, G. H 13 St. Lawrence Market, " MoKnight, William W. Toronto Junction Woolings, J. & J Winter, J., Jr Windsor Dickie; R., & Son , Woodstock Frinoe Edwixd Island. Saunders 4 Newcom Chartottetown QnatMO. Campbell, D • . Bedford Senechal, E., 4 Bro Fraserrille Dacust 4 Belanger H^ I, ETC. ....Perth Peterboro' . . Petrolia trt Arthur ?ort Elgin ..Preston it Portage 7atherine'B St. Mary's t. Thomas « — Samia Ste. Marie . Seaforth . . .Stayner . Stratford . . it, Toronto •t. le, >t, >t, o Junction tt . .Windsor Woodstock « « uiottetown ...Bedford Fraserrille HnU WH0LS8ALE BUT0HBB8 AITO SLAUOHTBBBBS, ETC. 121 Quebec (Contiixued). Carrier, George Levis Trndel, J. B. Nicolet Toser & Co Quebec Benoit, M • St. Henri Ames, A. J Sherbrooke Aubichon, B Sorel Magnan, M. " Nanert, A. & J Terrebonne Ladone, A. Valleyfleld Taill*:.•»£;;*?: •r«— ■nm«* PtUMformak* iMp Makmf Mid II. Com- Mirovad Soap ■Hone Power Soap Fimiact. dc. ■oMMakanP llMlllBOT7> I. A. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PROVISIONS. We make Cooling Rooms and Fixtures AMD CAMtv ruu. Liim or TOOLS AND SUPPLIES. Write fcf our C«tatogn« awl »ri«* Itot ORR & LOCKETT HARDWARE CO., 50 State St., opp. MMonicTwipte, CbicMgo, lit. pIMIPPHiil 6.H.BiBliBenPns8i;i. Scmr, Kauckte-Jolat. viLTBii wmmun amd WBD OIL MACHINBKY. CataloiM fraa. SMdforoiit. Wholesale Provision Dealers Want m know the price which PORK, BACON, TALLOW, SHORT RIBS, LARD, OLEO OIL, Eto., COMMAND IN THE MARKETS. you can luiow it by reading THE NATIONAL PROVISION ER. •UMomn FOR IT. eovfMOfmnfkAm. It Is worth mora than that to you ovory wook. NEW YORK: PMul StracC cor. cniCAOO: 617-618 iM ii m E CO.. Jlh Ich OIL, Etc, « ONER, HI BoMtag. f HOLESiLE DEALERS IK PBOVISIOIS. Araoar Packing Co MoWle, AUbama Maapin, R. L., Packing Co " Armonr Packing Co little Book, ArkuiMS Jonet, T. H., A Co Martin & Porter " ** Whittemore & Co " " Fowler, L Pine Bluff, Marsh A AtkiMon " *; Feldbaien, Claua. . .801-808 L 8t, Sacramento, OalilbnlA Sermonet, Geo. . .8th & G Streets, " " Weber & Co . . 1217-1819 L Street, " " Tucker, R. H., & Co Aspen, Colorado Adams, J. W D«er Trail, Armour Packing Co . . 1620, 20th Street, D'^nyer, " Chicago Packing C0...2522 Market St., " " Cudahy Packing Co Geib A HodgBon...l848 Larimer Street, " " Ball, John, Mercantile Co ....... . Idaho Springs, " Beid Bros. Pfcck. Co. . . 108 8. Union St., Pueblo, , " Columbia Land & Cattle Co., Third & Main Streets, " " CONNXOtlOUT. Gregory, S 821 Water Street, Bridgeport Kurd, E. G 88 HiU Street, Ansonia Chamberlin, S. D 179 State Street, Hartford Hartford Provision Co 169 Commerce Street, " HeUman,L. ...962 Main Street, " Hurlbnrt, E. E 180 Church Street, " Kashman, 8 46 Slimmer Street, " Kibbe, E. 8., Co. 137 State Street, *' C; 186 WHOLMALl DIALSB8 IK PROVISIONS. OONNSOnOXTT (Ooatinood). Levy, Lewis 126 Clark Street, Hartford Payne, Cornwall A Oo 406-407 Allyn Street, Whitteleaey, E. O., & Co 140 State Street, " Burr, Geo. A Meriden Pomoroy, C. L Pomeroy Avenue, " N«w HftYon. Andrew, P. S., & Co City Market Andrew, V. L., & Co 18 City Market Andrew-, C. C, & Co 27 Long Wharf Armour Packing Co. 879 Chapel Street Caplan & Co 806 State Street Pitzpatriok & Rose H* State Street GaH in, T., & Son 17 Orchard Street Lfje & Hoyt 38-40 Union Street Magg, H. W 96 Foeter Street MerriLm, S. E. , A Son 364 State Street New Haven Beef Co 5* Union Street Robinwn, T. E., & Co 146-148 State Street Boain. Brownetein & Co. 10 Cecrge Street Ru88ell,Wm. 848 Oudar Street Seaman, Allan 866 Ferry Street SperryA Barnes 114 State Street Strong, Barnes, Hart & Co 166 Long Wharf Williams, John H 816 Wooster Street Holmes, Keeler & SeUeck Co 9 Wall Street, Nonralk Wood, Chas. N 88 Main Street, " Stiles & Harrington 664 Main Street, Willimantio Panooast, Charles W .Delaware City, Ottlawara Auth, N., Mfg. Co WMlil^glOB,D.a Buttner, N.... ' • Carl Bros Mi Bt, Hartford et, et, . ...Meriden nae, " City Market City Market Long Wharf Jhapel Street State Street \ State Street rohard Street Union Street Foster Street , State Street Union Street ) State Street Hecrge Street Ouiai* Street Ferry Street I State Street I Long Wharf ^ooiter Street reet, Nonralk eet, " ;, WiUimantic « WMhlBgkoD, D.O. (OontlniMd). Gait, 0. F WMhtafton. D.O. Oronin, R. A £mrich,O.M Qaegler, John Qoetiinger, J _.... Armonr & Co . .1804 W. Bay Street, JaokwnTille, Florida Oadahy Packing Co . . Viaduct Street, " " Hale, T. N ««9 Equitable Building, Atlanta, QMrsia Ogleeby.O. W D^^n, " Armour Packing Co.. 79 W. Broad St., Savannah, Dixon, Jamei M., & Co. . . .14] Bay St., Haynes & Elton. ...SO Montgomery St, Herman & Kayton 130 Bay Street, Hull & Peeplea 188 Bay Street, ILLINOIS. Oudahy Packing Oo Aurora Haywaid, L., A Sons. 18 N. Broadway, " Bayiton, F. B. A Co 87 N. Broadway, " Haw, MicU. 898fi Main Street, Bloomington Chloaco. Brown, D. O 184 Van Bnren Street Ohioago Stock Yarde Proviiion Co 10881 Ayenue K Oudahy, John 118 Rialto Street Cudahy Packing Co 1646 State Street Cudahy Packing Co N. Sheffield Avenue Davii Provision Co 60 Board of Trade Endioott, E. M., & Co 19 Wabadi Avenue WtUbnik, N. K, Go 6G Wabub Awenuo Forbes Bros *7 Market Street Oerman Ameriam Provision Co. 15 S. JellMrson Streiei Goulard, Thomas, A Co.. 78 Traders' Building Qano, IDaniel, 4 Son 169 Jackson Street M <« f'J 1S8 WHOLMALR DBALRR8 IK PBOTIBI0N8. Ohloato (Continu«d). Keller, J 134 8. Centre Avenue Loeb, Uermun & Co ftlS UoyiU luauninoe Building Loeffler, William 2. 19th Pboe Naih, J»mei T., 4 Co 39th and Wright Street! Rapp, John H 88 Jacluon Street Bobwantke, F 4^12 Wabaah Avenne Staofler, F. J 113 S. Western Avenne SteveM & Co 218 La Salle Street Sunderland, I. T «8 Board of Trade Building Taylor, W. H., 4 Co 168 8. Water Street Thorp, 0. A., 4 Co 218 La Salle Street Veatey, E. H., Canning Co 620 Rialto Street Jalageas, J. 311-813 E Broadway, East St. Louis Armour Packing Co Water and Liberty Streets, Peoria Oakford 4 Fahneatock " Sinclair, T. M., 4 Co 130 Main Street, *' Armour Packing Co Randall Standard Qrooeryand Meat Co. .1489 Charles St., Rookford Swedish Meat and Sausage Co. . ..1103 Seventh St., " Armour Packing Co.103-116 Perry Davenp't St., Rock Island Schindler, T. E. , 4 Co 1817 Second Avenne, " Tri-City Packing4 Prov. Co. .1988 Fourth Ave., " Armour Packing Co Monroe Street, Springfield Franz, B., 4 Bro 809 N. 5th Street, Qans, A. G., 4 Co. . . .9 8. 5th Street, Richmond, IndluiA Burlington Produce Co . .100 S. 6th St., Burlington, Iowa Cudahy Packing Co Clinton, " Schmidt 4 Hoolk. . . .Rockingham Road, Davenport, '^ Blom Collier Co Keokuk, " Armour Packing Co . 4th and Sante F6 R. R. , Topeka, KuMU Dold, Jacob, Packing Co Wichita, " Dumser, A., 4 Co.l03 Poydras St., New Orleans, LoulsUuna *i itre Avenue ce Building , 10th Place ight Street! 3luon Street NMh Avenue tern Avenne Salle Street kde Building ^ater Street Salle Street [Ualto Street let St. Louis reetfl, Peoria « treet, ** Randall it., Rookford It., , Rock Island ;, Springfield nd, IndluiA agton, lowft linton, " nport, '^ »kuk, " leka, hita, i, T»(wri«t«n> WU0LS8ALK PBALBRH IN PBOViBIOK S. 189 Ntw Orleans, La. (OontUmed). MoCloskey Bros., Magazine and Poydnw Streets, New Orleans, Louiaianft Ruch, Louis, & Son .812 Poydms St, Sohwabacher, J. & M. (Ltd.), ^^ Magasine and Poydras Streets, " Trapiinler ti,BnB.91UM9»ahM8i.,VvwOfl»VM,l^. Brimmer 4 Oilmore 71 Main Street, Bremer, Maine Doane, F. W.. & Co Main Street, " j^ Niokerson & Barstaw . Main and Wdson Sts., Cross,E.W Lewiston, Hain, J. B., A Co.... Grand Trunk Yard, • Vigne, J 23 Hines Alley, KinganA Co. (Ltd.). 102 Sonth St., Baltimore, Bfaryland Kriel.Chas. 0.7-23 W. Henrietta St., Lamb, O. M., & Bro..l08 South St., Miller 4 Miller . .12-14 N. Pwai St., Morris, Nelson & Co. 500 North St., Swift Provision Co., ^^ 405-407 W. Camden Street, Swift, 0. F. & E. " " • Vickery, H. O., & Co., 111-113 Light Street, " Orrick, J. C, A SonCo.Union St., Cumberland, MASSACHUSETTS. Boston. .. _. A w Aflo 48 North Street Atwood, A. u., » v;o im..^ A .-.«« J * fin 39 Commereial Wharf ^rZ^a A.; A Co.:V.V.V ^70 S Market S^t Batchelder, Francis, A Co ""K^^^T ^i Knight A Mclntyre 'L^fj *t" llw Ladensack, J. N., A Co ^ • • • -^iS^^t^^T^ Worth PMktof * Pnrr . Co . . . . 88 and 84 N . MMket St. 1 '"9 J. ■MipM nrjyri.-.-,.,-^,:,«fea««a»»««ray I 130 WHOLESALF DKALERS IN PROVISIONS. Boston (Oontinned). Park Saaaag I [OKS. 1 Fulton Street . Market Street . Market Street , Market Street . Market Street Market Street )9 North Street larriaon Avenue uare, Brookline reet, Fall Biver « « • • • • « reet, reet, reet, . ...Greenfield in St., Holyoke ill Street, Lynn 1 Square, " • .31 S. M Street .8 Union Street ..School Street B2 Union Street isbment Avenue 17 Union Street . Bridge Square Parker's Wharf dO Union Street 181 WHOtlMALE DEALBB8 IS PBOVI8ION8. _WJ MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). « ^ rr *«„„„ Newbnryport Graham, John, & Sons ^/^ North Packing and Provision Co. . ••••••• • • • Roaf,GeorgeM 6 Perry Wharf, 5r~' T B 45 Water Street, T T'rL;«,'H .20 Central Street, Salem Anenll, George H V 35 Derby Square,, " NoTpaciinganiPro;:Co:..6lMedfor^ Squire, John P., & Co Somemlle Avenue, Cl„k H J 108 N. ad Street, Alpena, SSiohigui Moor^, George . ..501 W. Chisholm St., " ;; Stevens, Bobert. .807 W. Chisholm St., Mich. Beef & Prov. Co.25 Cadillac Sq., Detroit, Mosquera, Julia, Food Co.P. 0. Box 128, . " CoSey, E. C Penn Bank Block, Ishpeming, Winter & Suess, 301 Iron Negaunee St., « « Kurd, George E., & Son ••^f"r*l-|„_,,-ota ArmJur Packing Co. R.B. andOthSts., Du uth, BIlnn«wU « « « « €* t( Bates Commission Co. Cudahy Packing Co.431 W. Mich. St., Cox Bros. Provision Co Minnesota Packing & Provision Co., 8. 6th Avenue, Messick A Macauley •••; • Minneapolis Stock Yardsand Pack. Co., , « R. R. and Lake Avenues, St. Paul Meat & Provision Co., Stewart Avenue, St. Paul, Searles, e. J., Co. .Vicksburg, l(B«l«lppi leiBSOUBI. ProvUion Injectors. Goulard, Thomas, & Co 1«31 Union Ave., Kansas City Ibran^Jolm, Peeking Go StJoeeph liWf^^ itmtmUtittiiiiimd^^ wm a fWffiiW i fr 132 WHOLESALE DEALERS IK PR0YI8IOK8. 8t Louis. Ande, George 2869 8. Jeifenon Street Armonr Packing Co 2080 Clark Avenue Barnes Bros 1022 S. 2d Street Belle Bros. Provision and Commission Co 702 N. 3d St. Bodenheimer, Landan & Co 527 N. 2d Street Byrne, James V 826 K. 4th Street Cndahy Packing Co 2207 Scott Avenne Francis, D. B, & Bro. Commission Co. ... 3d and Pine Sts. Home Provision and Commission Co Pine Street Kraeger, Charles G. 1826 Cherokee Street Kretschmar, E 2700 Cherokee Street Krey, John, & Son 3820 N. 2l8t Street Lowell, John .307 N. Lenoe Street Luth, Frederick L., & Co 800 Manchester Avenne McDonnell, John 2d and Bremen Avenne Neibert, John 1004 Missouri Avenue Niggemann & Sayers 1304r-1310 N. Main Street Beid Bros. Pftoking Co. (Ltd.) 1201 Collins Street Sells & Co 27 S. 2d Street Spiegel & Sons, A. 725 Chonteau Avenue Molntyre & Carroll.. 816 N. Main Street, Butte, MonUna Diokenmm ft Co.. Bridge St., Concord, New Hunpthire Goldsmith, J. B . Wash'n Place, " " Bobie, John H..WaBh'ii Place, Woodworth ft Co..Hill8 Ave., Fobs, Charles E. ... 11, 4th Street, Dover, NSW JSRSET. Brakely, Asher Bordeatown Coxey, William J. , ft Son Camden Jamison, John 10 Market Street, " Bender, John C B. Blwid Street, Elisabeth Fowler Broa. (Ltd.) , Hoboken enon Street ark Avenue S. 2d Street }% N. 3d St. ^. 2d Street . 4th Street cott Avenue id Pine Sts. , Pine Street rokee Street rokee Street . 21st Street Lienoe Street ster Avenue men Avenue ouri Avenue Main Street ollins Street S. 2d Street teau Avenue ), Montana Hampahire ;t ;( Bordentown Oamden creet^ )t, Elisabeth ...Hoboken /WdfWttirftyWiiJiffTftf^''^-'^'"'?^'V!yL WnOLESALK DBAIiBRS IN PBOVI810N8. 133 NEW JERSEY (Continued). Hyka, William Hoboken Lohman, H., & Son ^^ Pfeifler, L Jersey City. Ammon & Person 138 Ninth Street Bender, William ...359-369, 1st Street Bush Bros 327 Henderson Street Oordes A 1^4 New York Avenue Frankenstiii Bm 19* New York Avenue JeneyOlty Packing Co 188-154 Hintii Strewt McHhinney, James 619 Grand Street g^il^l p 131 Linden Avenue Staple, C.'f.' .'.*.*.'.'. 96 Waverly Street Armour Packing Co. .Newark Btmbler, Van Wagenen & Co Dill, Charles 126 Barclay Street, " Ha«enauer,E 494 S. 12th Street, " Klenert A Kuepferle 59-61 S. Orange Avenue, " Wakinson, Gaddw & Co 866 Broad Street, " Boeenstook, Jacob, & Son 54 Mount Street, Red Bank Parks, O. D., & Co. 1109 Division Street, Trenton NEW YORK. Albany Beef and Provision Co 699 Broadway, Albany Albany Sliced Smoked Beef Co 8 Pmyn Street, " Capron, John D., & Co 369 Broadway, " McIntyre&Co 18 Hudson Avenue, " Smith, W.V.H 380 Broadway, " Brewster, W. J «*3 Water Street, Binghamton Mills, Ely S . . . Prospect Avenue and N. Depot, " North 4 Beecher 180 State Street, Taylor & Niven 184 State Street, jAs . . - •*?. 184 WHOUHALS D1ALBB8 IK PBOVISIOKB. Brooklyn. Bwteta, Otto. TWalUboutMwrket Figge & Bro 889 AtUmtio ATenne Gi»hl«8, Hernuum 69-61 Piwqpeot Street Heymwrn, Henry 66 Grand Street Htitwelker,0.,&Co 80 Ewen Street Hatwelker Broe 691, 6th Avenue Intemationia Proviaion Co. 83-39 Degraw Street StoU, Louis. 870 N. 8d Street Stut«, Louis..... 817 Broadway Wallabout Pork Packing Co »78 Flushing Avenue Beck, August 186 Genesee Street, Buffalo Dormer & Co 6 Look Street, " Goembel, P., & Son 806 Broadway, " Jones, M.N 1082 EUicott Street, " Klinck,0 11-13 Elk Street Market, " Manner, Jacob Hickory and Genesee Street*, " Soergel,J. 1660 Main Street, " Thompson Packing Co • • -36 Lewis Street, " Weppner, P. A 6 Hanover Street, ' ' Weppnefs, A., Sons . . Guilford and Sycamore Sts., " Armour & Co. ft-W Front Street, Newburgh Barnes, E.C 48 S. Water Street, Bull, S. M Front and 6th Streets, " Matthev , J. W., A Co. ... . 16-86 Front Street, Newburgh Beef Co Front and Erie Depot, " Skidmore Meroantfle Co ... . 80-84 Front Street, " N«wTorkOttj. Abenheim,S • 8-4 Stone Skreek Armour & Co 188 Duane Street Armour Packing Co Manhattan Market Bacharach, Joseph 847 Greenwich Street Baker, Carver & Morrell 75 Front Street ffliifffim--^**' at Market iio Arenae leot Street uid Street iren Street th Avenue raw Street , ad Street Broadway og ATenne Bt, Baflilo at, et, et, it», et, «t, et, tB., Newburgh « « « «< « « « « « « ItoneSbeet iiume Street btaa Market iwich Street ?'ront Street WHOLUALS DBALBBS IK PKOVMlOlfg. 185 KewYork Otty (Oonttoued). B.„er D 38 Front Street S::irn;F.,ASon Z^A^e S^«— :::::::::::iri^SL^z: L^ jtb^;;::;;;;;;. . • ^j^^^j^ «^t Brewrt;r,A.H ail W-ehngton Street nntler Ghas 166, let Arenue SjSwnTiUBro 164 ElUabeth Stieet Cole,Edwaid *'.®P""? I !!!^ Oolei, B. G., & Co 100 Forayth Stieet CadaiiyP*o;.tigCo 'I^^TI"^ Dongherty, B. H , & Co 865 P«»duoe Bxchjng F«,kiner, John "\®^'i^!! «SL* Ferri.,F.A.,&Co ,;:!f^?*?'^ Fowler Bro. ^" 2:fr«r«T* Frohman,M • 206 B. 46th Street Gennan American ProvWon Co 807 Daane Street nJUVlRrM 60 Pearl Street SlSJJSTio:::::;.: ...««> For-yths^t Hammond. O. H., Co ^!i« 2'''"''^"i aSS Hanwn, P. F. T., & Sons 386 Greenwich Street „.. . A M 400 Greenwich street S^« a! Lter ■"■*;.;. 6«9, 3d ATenne ?^ A A 164 B;.43it street STnbViio-*. ■■■••■- ^ Oolnmbia Street ietZm,F.A 83 FVont Street Kinir Ohas. A 83 Avenue C and 49, let Arenue Kln«nProy. Co. (Ltd.) ..20-98 Manhatjim Market LinSer.Chaa. nl'tVf I^t t;„i, uv«i 129 ChriBtopher Street ur^/^;« 164 Wert Street Martin, James . q^,^. %£ ^4.\^^ n V 387 Greenwich Street SCfJil^ir:::::::::: «w.«b^ i(a«ia^W»wwtfftT«Wtflpia|ii*!^^ 136 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PBOVISIONS. New York City (ContinnMU. North Packing & Provision Go..444-448 Prodnoe Exchange Pebler% Ohas., Sons 294 Stanton Street Beed, 0. H 186, Ist Avenne Rohe & Bro 268 W. 33d and 344 Produce Exchange Rohe A, Bro S88 W. 88th Stieet Boss, W. P 873, 7th Avenue Schaue, 0. F.,&Co 2060, 8d Avenue Silberhorn Bros 92 Ohrystie Street Sinokir, John, & Co 1 Broadway Sinclair Provision Co Manhattan Market Squire, John P., & Sons. 20 Harrison Street Stevens & Benedict 20 Pearl Street Stokes, Thomas 323 Greenwich Street Stokes, Wm 13 Jay Street Swift A Co 105 Barclay Street Swift Provision Co 18th Street and 11th Avenue Thompson & Adams Co 44 Broad Street Webber, Biohard 120th Street and 3d Avenue Williams & Co 64 New Street Wright, Depew & Co. 103 Murray Street Inspectors and Weighers of Provieions. Goulard, Tlios., & Co Whitehall Street Imporiwe and Ea^portere of Provisione. Warden, Wm., & Sons 4 Stone Street Trnesdell, J. H .Depot Square, Sing Sing Mowry & Barnes 101 Lock Street, Syracuse Went«, H. J 1810 W. Fayette Street, Fnhrman, Otto Yonkers Armour Packing Co 301 E. 5th Street, Charlotte, N. 0. VoUers&Hashagen " " Exchange kton Street Ist Avenne Exchange lthStie«t th Avenne 3d Arenne ^stie Street Broadway tan Market ison Street *earl Street irich Street Jay Street relay Street Ith Arenne tread Street 3d Avenne New Street irray Street I. Bhall Street I. (tone Street I, Sing Sing }t, Syraonae »t, " ...Yonken ■lotte, N. 0. WHOUtSALV DBALBfiS IV PB0VI8I0K8. ronwiriiiiiTrir"' •" '"■■■"■■''■"'• "'***'ni 187 OHIO. Oeralda F . Sayhrook Street, Aahtahnla Hongh,'H'B.*...' East Side. Mnrberger, George. . . Cleveland Proviaion Oo. ..77 Main Street, .0. 0. and S. R. R. Depot, Canton dnoinxiatL Anglo-American Provi>ion Co 49 Walnut Street Bwker, William 36 Findley Street Ohicago Packing and Provision Co 49 Walnut Streei. CudSy packing Co Front and Main Streets Derrii Louis.* 67 Poplar Street Geringer, William. 1136 Colenun Avenne German-American Packing Co........ 837 Broadway Grant & Co 46 Chamber of Commerce Hopkins, J. w ^'^^^^^rfr\ Kuhn's, M., Sons 361 McMicken Street Ldce Erie Packing Co j V^^^'^^^a!^*! Lowenstein, A., & Sons John and lavingston S^ts O'Neal, James {Provmm Inspector) . . .3 College Building Boots G. Y., Co 12 Chamber of Commerce Building Shiver, George ^^.^J?*?' ^;S[ Sibley, J. W., & Co 40 Walnut Street 8tew^,DunboUerftCo 46 Walnut Sto>et Taylor ABro. ....1007 Neane Building Treiber,J 12 McMicken Avenue Clevetand Provision Oo 40 Spruce Street, Columbus Slyh, 0. H. & J. B. 2664 N. High Street, " Becker, Philip 88 E. High Street, Springfield Sheppey,A.N.,&Co. -W*"*" GudahyPtekingCo Port'and, Oit«goo Hammond, G. H., Co Oak Street, " 188 WHOUMALB DMALBBS IK PS0TIU0V8. PENMBTLVANIA. Buckley, JohnJ 86-40 W. M Street, Chester Woof, John A 1141 Bdgmont Avenue, " Honck, C. E 838 Feny Street, EMton Bice, G. 180 Delaware Street, ** Fhilftdtlplii*. Ammon & Perwn 816 Oalowhill Street Anglo-American ProTiMon Co 8 b. Front Street Armoar Packing Company 146 N. Delaware Arenue Bow«r, Jolin, ft Go. iMth and Brown Stneta Boyaen, John A., & Bro 1806-1809 Cuba Street Back, A. K., & Son 2788 Church Building CJoUins ft BuxTOWB 184 N.FrantStoMt Eeherick&Oo 116 S. 8d Street Fowler, George, Son ft Co. (Ltd.) 188 S. Front Street Hand, Joaeph 168 N. Front Street lunliion, Jolin Water and Market Streets Kingan ft Co. (Ltd. ) . . . . Dekware Avenue and Vine Street Meiaey,M.,&Co 868 N. 2d Street Michener, J. H., ft Co 966 N. Front Street Boeioh, CharleM ft Bona 888 N. 2d Street Sohober, John G 1918 N. Slst Street TenbrookftCo 1781 N. 18th Street Troth, Wm. J 1701 S. 4th Street Twining'e Sons, H. M. • . .19U N. 6th Street White, 0«sar W 10* ClaUowhiU Street Woemer, F 8018 Mascher Street Wright, J. P., Provieion Co .1718 Uher Street Brown, Wedey, ft Co. ..Pittiton Ulmer, Jacob, Packing Co Front Street. Pottaville Steelton Store Co. .Steelton Miner, A. D East Greenwich, Bliode Uand Armour Packing Co Providence, it, OhMter J, " et, EMton et, «* hill Street •ont Street jre Ayenne n 0il66tB laba Street li Bnilding at Street . 8d Street ront Street rent Street at Streets iTine Street [.2d Street rout Street :. Sd Street Slit Street Uth Street 4th Street 5th Street rhiU Street oher Street [Jher Street ...Pitteton i, Pottsville . . .Steelton ode rjiati^ WHOLUALV DBALIM IH PB0T18I0HS. IW Armour Packing Co^ _««. 881 Meeting 8tiw»t, Charleeton. South OeMBna '^**"'*'™** * ^'k Bey Bteeet, Oluuflertoo, a O. Arm Smith, W. Howe, A Co. . . 16 W. S«5ramento St., Steel & Williamson. ...341 Commissioners Street, Vaillanoonrt, J. A .... 833 Commissioners Street, Vipond; J. J.V A Co. ..269 Commissioners fltrwt, Vipond. MoBride A Co. . .268 Commissioners St, Vipond, T. 8., A Son. . ..891 Commissioners St, Ward, Joseph, A Co.. 821 Commissioners Street, Belaager, Francis Bonohard, O Paly, J. J •• •• .Qaebe6 « t [•% jmbrowski, A. mmm of ubd m im Bm«m „ ,. n ...Pacblo, Colorado ft* c! ■...Union S'l^ck Yards, Chicago, lU. Swift&Co^.. aao La Salle Street, " " Armour & Co..... -«*""» ..Peoria, " SalzenBtein Bros. Co COTTOI'BNB. Mo • "M,"Pro4iio« EiobHige, New York City , m N. Dii.w«. AT»m., PhiWdph», P.. i aw State St«.^Bo*,n.lta.^^^^_^ W^ 1, XT ir nn 803 Exch. Place, Fairbank, N. is.., < o ova xj ^^ ,, George, P. T., & Co. .210 E. Lo^^^^!' „ Kriro. O ^ W- Hennetta Street, Penney, S.S Waahington Market, S?S5co"'^.^8P«;iu.E.c..,KewYorkCity Eaatem Beflning Co. . .801 Greenwich St., «PANY. Mbinety tTIOM fer Dal. ■■4 WlMUVVW B ■ttt alUMr wMi >OWBIL TiMjr (H£oiiR(iARiiB m mmi m m oii lilDFiCTDBERS. Anaour^Co. ^Ttf" ' J^^lt "'"^^ '"^^ Friedimui Mfg. Co Union Stoek Y«^, SlJ^m.l,Mfg.Oo (aW.Mom^S^^^ ; ^^ ??n^ TW AOo 199 8. W«tor Street, " " Moaer, L. A., »^0'--;^ "• ' « «« Moxley. Wm. J...486lIadHwn Ave., ,ita,„„ri iLon A Pe«en. . . .138, Wb St. Jere^W^ New Jen«y **" ifltti gfcwet and Ut Av«., ntiw Ywk »r «v ^T^ OiAiimlnii, Ohio HTS^ :..■.. ^^^' "^'.J^ Oiikdale Mfg Oo ,, „ Providence D»iiy Co ^^ ^ „ Vennont Mfg. Oo ^^ « What Cheer Dairy Oo «.«t„„v*fc WoodUwa Dairy Co. Pawtueket, ^^^^ ^^ ^1'"1S**Z V.Rioiu^ind, Virginia Kingan Bntterine Co ~ ^' ISO OLIO OIL MAircVACTUBBRS AKD OLIO OIL BBAVM. I£AIHM 0U» Oil IAIDFA(miim AID na OIL UAIR muim. ** Armonr Extra/' Armour & Oo Ohkago •• Swift Extra," Swift & Co " « Nelson Morris Extra/' Xelson Morris ft Oo " " Wells Extra/' International ft Wells Packing Oo. . " << Eastman Extra/' Eastmans Oo New Toric City « Harrison/' Sohwanschild ft Solsberger Co. " " "United/' United Dressed Beef Co " " "Modoc/' Joseph Stem ft Sons " " " Girard/' Hughs, Cook ft Oo Philadelphia " Hanrey Extra," D. B. Martin " Brighton Extra," Leamard ft Bird Boston " Reardon H/' John Beaidon ft Sons " " Helmet/' Armour Packing Oo Kansas City " H^urrison," Sohwarssohild ft Solsbeiger Oo. . . " " Calumet," The 0. H. Hammond Co., Hammond, Ind., and S. Omaha, Neb. " Ondahy Extra," Cndahy Packing Co. Cudahy, Wis. " Queen City," N. Wolil BuiWo, N. Y. " White Rose Extra," Jacob Dold Pack. Co. " " Winter Extra,^' Pittsburg Provurion Co. . . . Pittsburg, Pa. OLBO BBFINBBT. Wene^ttig Oleo Refinery.. S78 Causeway St, Boston, Mass. xfti BaTABLISHBD iMy. INCORrOKATBO iMr. THE FRED W. WOLF CO. Engineers as Architects. * MMMflwtiren iNf. -V, knmtd. muif mmm md vmm. (M«., .* ti«-. OB thu iirt -» a«i i" Wd» «.d 8k»-.) OAUFOWnA. ^^ Gnuidm, J. L • • .Bacnunento Knlghte, W. R., A Uo- V.Guiaiui, San FmnciMO lUv View Tallow Worlw • • • ■; ' „ » ^1 V«i.n ft Co . . 7 Caiaomia Market, Bayle. John, * to ^^^^ CabenBros • *^ ^ ' Nichols, A. C, 4 Uo. . . .«» «»• .^ „ PfQg0 j^ '^ •< Sumner, W. B., * Co • • • •-' • ' ^ ' Waldeck, Herman 68 C'*y ***'r^' waiatw, « AOo ...aiOSanwrneSt, Vaaaerman, B., « »^o " COLORADO. AUwnoMi Frank, B. . • Penve/* Brown, J. !»• .Durango McLean, B., & Co .].... .Trinidad Krille A NichoU. ! . WalBenbnrg Newman,8ig. CJOKNBOTIOUT. ^ „ .- North Main Street, Anwnm Donna A Gnmn Birmingham Downa & Oii«n " ' ' ^^(^ijV gireet, Bridgeport Plnmb & Wmton ....«-" b^, 443, New Britain WiUiama* A. W. • • •#ii 154 TAUAW MKOUBES AHD DIAUtBS. OONNSOTZOUT (Oontinuad). Oo6 k Brown. 202 Oreoi Skratt, New Hayen Eniign, Thomu, A Son ... .M6 George Street, " Friibie, L. T., Co 77-79 Taloott Street, " Hemingway, L. B., A Co. . . .14 Union Street, " Lederer & Wolf 133 P«rk Street, " Maloney, John .317 Ohsthun Street. " Anderaon, W. H Putnam Gallagher, J. F 276 Woloott Street, Waterbnry Wilmington Hide and Tallow Aasooiation, Tatnall Street, Wilmington, Detawara Dee & Turkey Caldwell, Idaho Cramer, Emeet Hailey, " ILLINOIS. Lamkin, J. B Champaign CUoafO. Adler & Obemdorf. 77 Kinaie Street Baker, Techappat, & Co. 407 IUinoi« Street Bemdt, Charles 123 Kinwe Street BoUes ft Rogers 141 Kinzie Street Darling & Co Union Stock Yards Dettenmicier & Hagenberg 8200 S. Bobey Street Dwyer, B 266 Kinzie Street ^kin,'H,! & Co .208 Michigan Arenue Epstein, N. .^ 1*9 Kinsie Street Fairbahk^ N. K, Oo 60 WaiMudk Awanue Friend, H., & Co 127-129 Michigan Avenue Holbrook, A.. P., & Co 142 Kinsie Street Hoosick, H. M., A Co .192 Michigan Avenue Leonard, George H., & Co 122 Michigan Avenue Liohtenstein, A.. 138 Kinsie Street Lister, Joseph 1168-1160 Elston Avenue MoDandd, D. H., A Co 62 Dearborn Street r Haven Patnam kterbnry lawwrv ,IdiJio unpugn ie Street ia Street ie Street ie Street ik Yards >y Street ie Street Ajrenne ie Street Ifenue I Avenue ie Street 1 Avenue I Avenne lie Street I Avenne m Street TALLOW IMDIMM AKD_»»^^1 ^^ v««««» .190 E.Kin«ie Street Mayer, »., * |^o. . . . ^^^g p^j^^ ^^^nue Northrop, O-.T » A Co.. ^^^^ ^^j^^j^ g^^j Obemdorf. Li^dheimer A Co. . . . ^^ ^ ^^^^ g^^^ Obeme, George, & Co aoo-^ ^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^ Sawyer, L [44 Dearborn Street Sawyer, P- • • • • Vog Michigan Avenue Sayen, H., & Co. .131 Kiniie Street Smith, J. 8., * Co^- - - • - • • ; ; • Vxjnion Stock Yard. Thompwn & Edwards Fert. Uo ^^^ Michigan Avenue WeU, iMao ^^ xiniie Street Wolf, A. S., & Co ^*° Danville Cohen ABaniard.........--- DnnoMi & Kingwliver Mendota Orth, William ...Peoria Faber, J. F., & Co „ Mooney, W. W., & Son. • ^^^^ ^^^^ „ Fall., D . . . . •••••:-•• , IndiaoapolU, " Allerdioe, JoMp»». * Co inai«a^ Indjanapoli. Abattoir Co Bauh,B.,&SoM.^ ■..'.'.'..Richmond, " Olendenen, H., « VJo ,^ ,, Minnen, S « « Weidner,0 .*Tirre Haute, " Smith, H Clinton, loiwa Crockett & Ottwin ^, « Wadleigh,B.A ." . MmhaUtown, " Waiard,H.......-- Atohiwn,KMii Hodck, H. M.. & Co ^kan«MiCity, " Behren.,Hennm.. ....Emporia, " Watwn, T. C, A Co *~ IM TALLOW KSMDBBBB8 ilKD DBALBR8. KANSAS (0(mtinued)b OlQDi, John Fort Soott, Johnion, L. J Independence, Stephens, A. B Junction City, Carpenter, B Uwrence, Peterson, Anton Ottawa, Finley, J Sdina, Cain, Solomon Bowling Green, KMitudkj Nohm, Samuel " LonisTille Butchers' Hide and Tallow Assn., Louisville, " Ohio Falls Hide and Tallow House, 1840 Story Avenue, " " Dahl ft Groesinger Owensboro', " Butchers' Hide, Tallow and Stearine Mfg. Co., 120 St. Peter Street, New Orleans, LoulaUuia Dottllot, M. P Peters Street, Law, Samuel C Deer Isle, Maine Phaiipe,H. B Ellsworth, " Cary, Frank East Hampden, " Harris,F. M Farmington, " Hopkins, A Gardiner, " Pope, Robert, & Co N. B. Dressed Meat and Wool Co Houlton, ^' Merry, HA, North Anson, " Oardner,B, B.,AOo Rockland, " Barry Bros. & Co 602 Bnren Street, Baltimore, Md. Butchers' Hide and Tallow Association, . ^uren and Fall Streets, (battery, P. ....... .V. . . .602 Buren Street, " " Martin,D.B.,&Cd.ClaTemontAbattoirCo., *' " United Butchers' Assn., s MoKimm ft Neighbor, Bpsenthal, S., ft Co .Cumberland, ,'i- ...I mil nil III-'" 167 KMituokj *t M LottlaUuut « on, f' on, " nd, " imore, Md. eriand. J' Boston TALWW BBIiDBBBIW AKO I»«AL1!B8^ M1.BBA0HUBBTTS iurr«t Hide Co., The. . . .m-m Congrew Street Barret Hide to., x Morchant Ro^r, Buck, Charle.. & Son • ■ J ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ S v!T*'l'o Furtu.h (Jourt. OharleBton, Fnrba.h&to u« Broad Street, 2r'*«'' ^- p . . .Hopkinton Street, Haren, ». r ••••••••; ' ^^^ Purchase Street, Leonard Geor^ Co' UB Broad Street. YT' P W .579 Atlantic Avenue, Martin, C. w . . .^^ • ^^^^^^^ ^^^„„^^ i^^JT' A ; Co .25 Central Wharl, Sr'^^X 1 Co ■..■.. **8 Federal Street. Ward, N., & to. . . .^ ... . ^^^^ War., William M., & Co ^ ^.^^ Avenue. Whittaker, Lewis ^ .^^ Weymouth Pratt, 0. H « Pratt, 8. A. R • ' " Sinclair, H. W • ^M River Butchers' Rendering Co —;-.;, ^^rf, Gloucester Nutton, J. G "°' Lowell Dickinson, W. A .Natiok Haggett, Ch«leB H. . . ' ^ ^ -.^i^l'stV, New Bedford Herson,ThoB.,ftCo. . ai w ...Peabody Bancroft, George W., & to • • Burbeck, J.N '^ILmL'JJ nt^ . Pealwdy Glidden, W. H ' ' ' Wobum Nicholas, B. H - Orient StwJet, Worcester Bartlett, C. A - Shrewsbury Street, " Sawm, J. J * ...Adrian. MlohlS^Ji!: Bomen. Henry • • • • - ^ ^^.^^ Perkins* Hess 158 TALM)W BENDSBBBS AND DBALBB8. MIGHIQ-AN (Continued). Saile, James . v Manirtee, Mlohlgui Twin Oitf Hide and Tallow Co. .New Brighton, " Kelly, O.S ^iles, Aberle,F 0^o8«>» Kuhn,H Port Huron, Howland, J.N Ypsilanti, Stabb8,A.L Mankato, Bfinn. McMillan, Jas., & Co..212 Ist Ave. N. Minneapolis, Twin City Hide and Tallow Co., 116, 3d Avenue " " Goodrich, C.T StUlwater, « Kilty, T. C " Union Beflning Co South St. Paul, " Greenwald, S Meridian, B«iidj»lppl Metzger & Co McCant8,J.E Butler, BItowuil Rose & Schnetz Canton, Mayfield,J Fulton, " Dumment, H Kansas City, Lowenstein, H., & Co Marshall, " Morris, Samuel.. Mexico, Haas, B Neosho, " Laupheimer, H ..Sedalia, St. Louis. Flynn & Winter. 6341 Hall Street Fvmk, J. P., & Co Benedict and Hall Streets Hal8te,F Hall Street Hellman-Go«ove Mercantile Co 120 N. Main Street Krieckhaus, A., & Co 410-414 S. Main Street Sayers, H., & Co 216 N. Mam Street ^^MM^ ), BUohlgui 1 « « « « ikato, BCliin. bpolifl, " Hrater, Paul, « « ppl ler, Mlnouzl l»n, lity, Mil, ioo, sho, ilia. « « « 141 Hall Street td Hall Streets ...Hall Street ^. Main Street S. Main Street If. Main Street TALLOW BBKDBRBB8 AND DBALBBS^ 159 at Louis (Continued). . « u- ; On 3110 N. 9th.Street St. Louis Melting Co. .... . . • • • Broadway St. Lo«iB Hide and Tallow -o. .^. • •^. ^^.^^^^^ ^^^^„^ Ziegenbalg, C *"^ . , ;frP„ Helena, Montana DayidBon, A. J., » ^o „ « McMiUan, Jaa. & Co Union Bendering & Befining Co..8ou.h Omaha, Netauto -.Concord, Now HampdJi" J.J Wymwin ./.''Naebua, E. F. Blarsn. ....... •••;••• ^_ Camden, New Jersey Baxter'sSons, J«J--^"«"\^: ;iiouceBter, " Mealey, P., * *>'o •" phuiips, p '■■■;,*" Kenly, P 85 Oxford Avenue, Jersey City, ^^ Mahlenbrock, D . . .26 Wales Ave., Snyder & Sons.667 Henderson St., Taflev D., & Co 6th Street, . ^ « ianey, u. , » .... New Brunswick, Enoch, JMlw ; „ xrowark " Arbuckle, J. N. . .258 Washu.gton St., Newark, ^^ Fitzpatrick,C 150, 13th Avenue, ^^ Maybaum,Alex..S.Orj«igeAve^e, ^ _ Schroeder.F ^^'L^®^'^' « Wolf 0.,*Schw.b..l23How«jlS^.^^^^^^ s:;^:^*!^* ^:««-' : Sr^'^;Ico;;;;;::::::::.8-t>^*' ^" NB"W YOBK. .Adams Spicer, E. D y gj,^go„ Avenue, Albany Sonnenfeld & Son. e State Street, " Steinfeld, F., & Co 160 TALLOW REKDEBEBS AKD DEALERS. NEW TOBK (Continued). Ten Eyck, Clinton Chapel and Canal Streets, Albany Schwaw, Magnus Ballston Spa Rosenberg, Joseph 131 Vanderbilt Avenue, Brooklyn Van Iderstine, F. A 272 Hudson Avenue, Van Iderstine, Peter 181 Huron Street, Woolff, N • • -3* IJoyd Street, Buffalo Reily , M . J Chatham Schwartz, F • ••• ^™ Hollett,J.H : GloverBVile Miller, A , Homellsville Brown, J. A Jamestown Doyle Brothers Newburg Rendering Co Newburg Brand, Herman 431 E. Slst Street, New York City Donohue, P., & Son .... 668 W. 39th Street, Eutmana Co.Seth St. and Uth Ave, New York Olty Ferris AKetoham.... 67 KembleBldg., " Groll, Charles 648 W. 40th Street, Haberman, Joseph 625 W. 40th St., Heoht, Joe., A Son». . . .9a« OUffSt, New York Caty Levy, Jacob HI E. 95th Street, Levy & Sons 423 E. 56th Street, Salomon, Felix, & Co ... 99 Nassau St., " SohwarsMirild&SulsbergerCo., ^ 45111 Street and 1st Avenue, New York City Stern, Joseph . . . 616-620 W. 40th Street,* Stevenson, Walter ....... 4 Jacob Street, United Dreaaed Beef Co, 4ad Street and 1st Avenue, New York City U.S. Oil and Tallow Co... 32 Liberty St., "' Vandenhove, G. . .311-313 Produce Ex., Van Brunt, S. 321 Produce Ex., Welles & Knight 84 Gold Street, Welch, Jos. H., & Co . .214 Produce Ex., ts, Albany Jlston Spa , Brooklyn ___ j^.^jt^.>^.-< .lUlw.iH""" "l!"^' . ■j.lltJ^*^'*" — i'V".-^ et^ Baffalo . Ohatham ...Elmira Uoversyille ornellavillo Jamestown .Newburg York City 7ork OOy « York City << « « York City « « York City TALW)W RBNDKBBB8 _DBALK^^___161 NEW YOBK (Continued). Welch. J-« * CO. . . . .L ^ P™*- f-' «- ?* *^'" Welch Ho.«..*Ci.rkO,«W^«t;^^^^^^^ Rose, H. V '■" Olean Beicb, L '"" " Titus Hide, etc., Co Oswego »?^^^«' ^- , • ■ ' ■ "'.360 Main' St^t. Ponghkeepsie pick & Dobbs. : .370 Main Street, Sonthwick, K *i gg j^^^ g^^t^ Bocbester Aikenhead, W -^^ ^^^^ g^^^^^^ .. Fritzsobe & Son ii N. Water Street, " Hale,WiUiamS ^^^' "" Rondout Teller, Myron ........ .Scbenectady Stanton, H. M " ' " Scbuylerville Rastal, Walker ■■•■- '^-^^ g^^^ Syracuse Mills Oil, C. E., Co 32^ ^- ^» .Tonawanda Golde Brothers i^i River Street, Troy Tilly, A •••:•• Waterford Powell, Morton C, * Son Waterloo Andrews, W. S., & Co • ,,„« . ...New Berne, North OMoUna Dixon, John Jft ^ ' OHIO. . , a To« 244 S. Howard Street, Akron F»M» ft Law. • gj^,^ ,. S'" i Vn ....Stat. Street, " ^hiB™::.;.:«»^Mceut«iA«na., •• SJ'c 833 Spring Oroye Aveaae, 162 TALLOW RBNDBBBB8 AND DB ALBB8. OHIO (ContinQed) Neville & Coimay 1« Olevelimd Street, Cincinnati Smith, Amor & Co John Strwt, White'sGoldenLubricator Co.. 233 Walnut St., Budd, G. A., & Co 62-64 Kver Street, Cleveland DenisonBroa 66 River Street, ' Stafford, J. R 400 Canal Stree, ^^ Thompson & Herrick Seneca Street, Kittleberger, C, & Son '^''^'^^^JSI Rauh,E.,&Son ^^^^^^ Weinrich, J "t^i.„„«. Woiaey, S. D., & Bro ir'' ,2 Gardner Bros ""^""Tr^S Richardson, J. W • ' • . T v 11 a Ann Portsmouth Labold, S., a Co ... Zr Vr vf SteubonviUe Carey, W. H ^, Copeland, G. L ^^ McK&c;, Samuel ^^ McKee, Wilson ^^ Swearingen, William ^'^';.'""wA ::::::;::::wS^ Stainthrop, W. A Bdwwds, Charles *«""* Lar8en,J.H The Dalles, Oregon VTnU B BeUn8;;i:.V .OWahoma City, OWrfiom* PENNSYLVANIA. Beichard, G. J., & Son. .. .742 Lawrence Street, AUentoij^ Hill, Alvm Grube Court, Allentown Road, Bethlehem S:::^;wiL':;.v;//.;//;//."p^.H«i.i><;7'"5 Simmons, F. R ''"y'^"."A ^1 * « Rindemecht Bros. . . .Brie Stock Yards, Fair Grounds, t, Allentown i, Bethlehem ..Corry , Doylestown Erie Grounds, ** 168 TALWW BENDBBKR8 AND DBALBIW.^ Marks, L ' Honesdale Saunders, Samuel Media Biley, Terence. •••••••••• -^^ u^ri^ ^^' Pittsburg Stratman, J. H., * ^o ^'^^^^^^^^^ . 3961 N. 5th Street Brown, Harry P 30I N. 3d Street De Long B""- • ' ' * iiih'iiid Gray'* Ferry Boad Hughs, Cook SiVjO. , 430 N. 3d Street Krauskopf, L ...422 N. 3d Street Lancbuer & Strauss .236 N. 3d Street Landell, E. A., J^ ' " * ' ' 449 N. 3d Street Loeb, Elias. .1507 Mascher Street Ludy's Sons, •" g^j^ Market'Street Martin, D. B ggg jj. 3d Street Marquis, A., & Co • '^^^ jj g^^ g^jget Massey & Janney • • « • • • • ; • • ' • * * ' g^th Street PhiJelphia Butchers' C^Ofskm A.«^. • • --^^^^ ^^^ Phila. Butohers' Hide J"* fallow A«u^^. . ^^ ^^ Phihi. Beef Butchers' Assn Mascner m^^ ^ ^^^^ Bohrheimer, Moses .1006 Canal Street Simons', Benjamin, Sons 349 N. 3d Street Speier, A- <*' * ^^S' " ' "^ .;: '.3729 N. 12th Street Spielberger, John, Bros. * uo. ^^^ ^ g^ g^^^ Stem, Jacob, & Sons .417 N. 3d Street Stem, Marcus .103 Laurel Street Stem, Samuel. 402 and 404 N. 3d Street Stemfeld, Henry, & Co. *"* Norristown Long, S. J * * ...... .Scottdide Bodenheimer, V- • • • • • ; .Sharpsburg For»th, James L., & Oo .'.,[.. ..Shenandoah Bettridge, O '" * xTnion City Dunham, A. M . Wilkesbarre Bntertine & Seidle 164 TALLOW RENDBRBBS AND DBALEBS^ WjOlisTFTc. • Barrington, Rhode WMiA American Degras and Chemical Co., 17 Custom HouBe, Providence, " Bush, Ohas. 8. . . .20 Exch. PI., CalefBros " " Page Tallow Co . . 16 Charles St., " ^ Mason Mfg. Co Woonsocket, " EspotoncJ ^°*"°^^^^*i.?S^ HiSstein, Mrs. B Deadwood, South Dakota Camey,L. A Mitchell, Wider&Blum Sioux FaUs, Butchers' Hide & Melting Assoc., Adams St., Nashv., T*nn. Hayes, E. P., & Co Abilene, Texa. Pratt Bros ••• Field; H.M Brownsville, « Schoots, M Patterson, J. K ■^•^'^'^u'^' « Gus»ett,N... CorpusChnsti, |^ Murphy, D.M ^ . Green, W.B ^^^^' „ Blassin^am,J.W.. •»«^»«»"' ., Withe«,J.A ;-»«"*;;°; Holland, V.C Gamesvi e, Peale,C.D. Gi^nvUle, Finnigan, John, & Co Houston, ^^ Portier, C. G., & Co • Johnston ^ Hill Lampasas, ^^ Behm, Joseph a ""a"* •"!' « Cohn,A.,&Co SanAntoniO, ^ n»„w V V Victoria, Gentry,F.V... „ Bumham, R. • **^' „ Robinson, Joel '^'i' ^ ^ u BUck,l8aac Weatherford, Smoot, C. C, & Sons Co., « _, , S. Washington and Wickes Sts., Alexandna, "WrglnU i BUUnA: [JaroUna' Dakota It « r.,T«nn. a, Texas (< le, '* )rd, " , Virginia TALWW RBKDKBBBS A»D DBALKB8. 1^6 VIBOINIA (Continued) ^, ... „„. ^, Tj, ,„ Danville, VirginU S^kle'aLfj'.'.'^^^SM- Street, Wheeling, W.Va. ^^"^""^•^•'^.S^^aSji'w Street, " ;; Horkheimer, Charles .... U17 Main St., ''^ WheelingButchers'AsBociatxon. et^St^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ r;SiLfi.::::;::::::..-T^^ ;; BRITISH NORTH AMERICA. „ , . T . . .Victoria, British Columbia ?""? ;Ji Frei Winnipeg, Manitoba Ossenbrugge, Fred • • ^ j^.^ ^J,^^o^^^ ^.tlifax. Nova Scotia Megeney, Richjffd. .BeUeviUe, Ontario Graham, Donjdd. .....Clinton, " Poan, C. S.. & Son bobonre, " Appleby A^Daiey... ; ;;;;;c,iS^:::i; « O'Bnen, R. W.. & Co Hamilton, " McKiUop, Arch. „ « Stroud, William Kingston, " McKay, John \, « Simons,Alfred .Mount Forest, « AdamB,Mark. ;;.. Owen Sound, " Lloyd,Samuel ...Peterboro', « Appleby, A. B. . . • ' Catherine's " John Scot^i Estate.... .stratfofd, " Duncan, M...... • rprenton, " Funnell, Jesse, Jr ] ...Walkerton, " wS^ W r::& CoV.01««ioitetown, Prince Edward h. Waterman, w • k^' * Sherbrooke, Quebec Itoas, Hector & Co H. BAUSHER, Commission Merchant, '^^ -3 Cottonseed Products, Provirions. Stearines, Tallow, Qreaies, etc. 169 Jackson St., Chicago, 111. WILLIAM J. SWEENEY, Diunl FnTiinii ut liRliiiliH Bntair, COMMISSION IMPOWT, IXPOWT, c-H-B.«d Prodact^ 0«««. Trfhm, L«d .«d Ollv. Oil.. NO. 3 south Front St. PWI«l«lpW*. P*- Obte Addrw; Sweeney. vi« »»i.— — lAIRb * WB8T. BrokMrc' and Manufactuvers' Afents. iCTWIT. ««.. IL t A. Cabte AMmi PROYISIOH BROKERS who know «»*'»«••»«•« •J'SSft-lSJd* N^o ant. :earine8, Y, Mst, Olive Oils. uPa. and Mle of lllig HoilM IbM* to th* Na- OB ptMttd. Mo i. SMMlfiMTM**- ■ arc alow yoa do t U att the ««w- VsstattMMif. PROVISION BROKERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 3^0BBERS IN -PROVISIONS- 11 Tire nimtt STATES HP CMIDA, PUkCB A CAUD IM TaNflTlONflL PROUISIONER The OffWi of tlM M««t Mid PrwMomnOM, The Largeit and Mott Widely Oiroulated Journal In the World devoted to thew Trader '•'PUI CHICAOO. NEW YORK. ST. LOUIS. KANSAS CITY. BOSTON. PHILADELPHIA. . . BV TiM litimi PmMMMr piblMiH fit ROBERT QANZ * CO.. Prop*. OHIOAOO: nbwyork: •■4.»§e FKABt smSBT, Co*. OF BBBKMAN. 017^18 JMlMHATTAK BIJIU»IN0. DBAEIOItN STRKBT. HER ranal in ill {••> PMVISIOH BROKERS m C01II8S10H lERCHAm ALABAMA. Birmmgham Allen, R. 8 « Allen, C. A., & Co Cosby, W. M Mitchell, O. H " Mouhon, \V. S ARKANSAS. ^ ..Little Rock Bnnoh, T. H Jones, T. H., Company. Whittemore, 0. H., & Co. CALIFORNIA. Booty 4 Co an N. Lob Angeles Street, Lo» Angeles CONNECTICUT. . . Bailding mce Bldg. ) Building ) Bailding B Bailding e Bailding rade Bldg. rude Bldg. e Bailding o Building o Building ifio Avenue ■rade Bldg. le Building PBOVMION BB0KBB8, ETC. ^ ^^ Ohloago (Continued). P«n« Ik LBwiB . . . Room m, Western Union Building Pope & LewiB.^. »oo ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ Raymond Ch«.k. .^^ .^Koo™ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^ Rolo«,n. R. W & Co. . . . . Koo j^ ^.^^^ ^^^^^^^ Rogan, J- »•' f *;°. •; • jj^^ 501, 226 La Salle Street t::'ri' K RociX^rd ol Trade Building ^hwl^ Dutei Co.: X»m 2 Board of Trade Bailding Schwarz, Dupee « i.o. . . . ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ !°^''*" t ?,° ; ; ; ; . Room 103. Rialto Building Steever, J- » • • ' • - Room 103, Rialto Building sS W H : .iloom 602. Royal Insurance Bailding fl^lL« ft M Room 12, Rialto Building Sterne, O.M ^^^ j^^^„ gt^eet V^kirk B.Va CoV.^^^^ Royal In»«r»nce Building V i«:*r*nd J J .... Room 36, 16 Pacific Avenue v" Sim * Oi .::.::iioom 3O8, 134 van Buren Street W^^rmLon Co Room 220, 218 La Salle Stij^t YoTg A Nichols Room 304, Royal Insurance Building „ _ Peoria Boniface, W . n INDIANA. Carson, P. P., A Co 106 Upper 2d Str^, EvansviUe Goddard,H.J :*?^P^'^'St " Hof, Wm. A 12* Upper Water Street, Seyiolds, Lewis J 221 UPPe^^ J» S ree , Viele, Edward N 216 Upper 1st S ree , wLder, J. W 217 Upper 1st Street, Wririit A Mannheimer 23 Upper 1st Street, 7n«iBCommis'nCo.^omaClabmdg I^^^^ Weaver, 0. D., A Co. .39 Bd. of Trade Bldg., KENTUCKY. Stoat A Heaton 811 W. Nelson Street, Louisville 172 PBOVISIOK BB0KEB8, ETC. LOUISIANA. Del Bondio, B. F New Orleans Dnmser, A., & Go McCloskey Bros 64-72 Magazine Street, Pfeifer, S., & Co Schwabacher, J. M., & Go. (Ltd.) Trcpagnier & Bres 81 Magazine Street, Watson, T. H 108 Poydras Street, MARYLAND. Bay & Heine 115 South Street, Baltimore Butler, Chas., & Sons. 131 CheR]3Bid3, " Gassard, G., & Son 517 W. Baltimore Street, George, P. T., & Co 210 E. Lombard Street, Harvey, W. P., & Co 365 North Street, Hofstetter, Philip 15-17 N. Fremont Avenue, " JonjBs, B. M., & Go . . . .Fulton and Pa. Avenues, " Kriel, Chas. G 7-23 N. Henrietta Street, " Lauth, G. M., & Bro 106 South Street, Miller & Miller 1214 N. Paca Street, *' Pfefferkom, Leopold 215 N. Paca Street, " Biemaier, Doyle, & Go. .315-317 W. German St, " Schaeffer, Jacob G., & Go. .520 W. Lexington St., " Travers & Co 211 S. Sharp Street, Vickery, H. G., & Co 111-113 Light Street, " MASSACHUSETTS. Gait, Robert A., & Co., Boom 606, Chamber of Commerce, Boston Alorri, James S 410 Main Street, Worcester Baldwin Bros. Co . " MXOHIOAN. Asman, J. 0., & Sons Bay City Knopfel, A. A " Persons, L. M " I^Tew Orleans « et, Baltimore d3. « let. << >et. « »t. (< ue. << les. « eet. (( mt, (( BGvf f< eet> « 8t, ti it, ft )et. « >et. <( neree, Boston let, Worcester .Bay City PROVISIOX BROKERS, ETC. 173 MICHIGAN (Continued). Skinner & Chapman Bay City Balrd Su West Detroit Skinner & Chapman Saginaw MISSOURI. Dnmmert, Henry Kansas City Goodlett, Robert Griffith, S. P., & Co Menderson, Henry Bartlett & Concannou 507 N. 2d Street, St. Louh Bowles, M. A 118 N. 3d Street, Chamberlin, E. C, & Co., Boom 515, Chamber of Commerce, Ens, E. B Room 503, Chamber of Commerce, Ferguson, Hugh, & Co 205 N. 3d Street, Glover, A. B., & Co., Room 215; Chamber (rf Com., Gomum, A. A . . Room 301, Chamber of Commerce, Londerman, H. B., Jr Room 322, Roe Bldg., Martin, M. E. . Room 220, Chamber of Commerce, More, James B 610 N. 2d Street, Ring, John. . .Room 213, Chamber of Commerce, Ring, James J Room 9, Security Building, NEW YORK. Banker, William S 65 Hudson Avenue, Albany Hartwell, D. J " Pope, L. J Rochester Barrie, R. S., & Co 345 Produce Ex., New York City Brew, James 129 Broad Street, " Calef, Horace W. . . 327 Produce Exchange, " " Church, \rilliam S Produce Exchange, Chnrohmfm, Alfred. .... .312 Produce Ex.; Cinnamon, John 15 Whitehall Street, Dougherty, E. H., & Co. .355 Produce Ex., « ■t>«a iMiP'^ 174 PBOVISIOir BROKEBS, ETC. NEW YORK (Continued). Draper,^. K 424 Produce Exchange, New York City Ege & Otis West Washington Market, " Blbert ft Gaidner. .Kemble Building, New York Gity Ferris & Ketcham 25 Whitehall Street, " « Frankfeld, L 351 Produce Exchange, " Frankfort, M 22 Produce Exchange, " Faith Cotton Oil Agency, C 22 Produce Ex., Ooggin, John ...... 439 Produce Exchange, " Haebler & Co 71 Wall Street, Hatch, A. H ... .400 Greenwich Street, " Hopkins, D wight & Co 52 Cotton Ex. , " Jackson, Joseph 453 Produce Exchange, '' Kimball, C. A 346 Produce Exchange, " Libman, M F 23 Produce Exchange, " Link, David C 411 Produce Exchange, " Link, F., Jr 411 Produce Exchange, " Lincoln Manufacturing Co. . . 18 Broadway, " Loeb, Herman & Co 18 Broadway, " Marc, T. M., & Co . . 359 Produce Exchange, " Massey's, J., Sons 191 Front Street, " Marples, S. S 415 Produce Exchange, " Sqnier, L. B 159 Front Street, " Tainter, C. B 2 and t Stone Street, " Tesohendorff, Paul 2 Stone Street, " Van Brunt, S 342 Produce Exchange, *' Val^, Edward Produce Exchange, " Vandenhove, S. ... 311 i'roduce Exchange, " Wessells, 0. H 440 Produce Exchange, " Whitman Bros 302 Produce Exchange, " Zaun, H. C 409 Produce Exchange, " NORTH CAROLINA. Godfrey, H. C, & Co Elizabeth City VoUers & Hashagen Wilmington few York City <( bw York Gity (< <( << << <; i< << (t tt ft tt tt « tt ft ft tt • ( tt ft tf tt tt .Elizabeth City . . . Wilmington PROVISION BROKERS, ETO. 175 OHIO. Forbes, M. S., & Co Cincinnati Grant & Co. " Ireland, George F " Johnson, Brooks " Montgomery, Robert " Morrison, W. P " Stone, John E " Woesten, John " PENNSYLVANIA. Collins & Barrows 134 N. Front Street, Philadelphia Jamison, John Water and Market Streets,^ " Shewell, George E . . . Front and Baee Streets, " Sweeney, William J 3 Front Street, " SOUTH CAROLINA. Cantwell, Lawrence. . . : Charleston Flint, J. T. W " 0'Neill,S. Arthur O'Neill, Henry J Patermann, J. H., & Son " Wayne & Von Eolnitz " TENNESSEE. Brode, P. W., & Co 314 Front Street, Memphis Clark, Thomas J 370 Front Street, " Donaldson, L. R., & Co Pettit, Hugh, & Co Posten, Shanll & Co \' Cummins, Benson & McKay Nas> viVtd Donelson, V., & Co . . ^ " Henderson, W. T., & Co " Lindsey, A., & Co " Sawrie, W. S., & Co " Wade, W. J., & Co Woolwine, W. M., & Co " iiigtmtmmmiKk mmmm 176 PROVISION BROKERS, ETC. TEXAS. C( ughnard & Co Dallas Doughty, S *♦ McClelland, M., & Co " St'Tges & Co " VIRGINIA. Capers, J. H., & Co Richmond Forbes, W. S., & Co Harwood, Daniel " Hobsou, Angus, & Co " Lefew, W. W Patrick, F. E., Co " Smith, C. E., & Co " Smith, B. M., & Co " Union Brokerage and W. H. Co " Young, A. C, Co " Southgate, J. T., & Co ..Norfolk WASHINOTON. Cook, A. F Seattle Dally, S. W. R " Gaze, E. B " Kelly, Sutthoff, Co " WI8C0NSIN. B^ooth, D. D 178, 12th Street, MUwaukee McAlpine, Jas 35 Chamber of Com. Bldg., " BBITISH NORTH AMBRIOA. Manitoba. Griffith, J. Y., &Co.... The Parsons Produce Co . Winnipeg Newfotindland. Heam & Co St. Johns .Dallas , Bichmond .Norfolk .Seattle set, Milwaukee Ig., □A. . Winnipeg . ... St. Johns PBOVlSION BROKERS, ETC. 177 Quebec. Bell, Simpson & Go. . . .S87 Ooihmissioners Street, Montreal MoOillis, A. D 343 Commissioners Street, " Pherson, D. A., & Co 22 William Street, " . Shaw, Thomas St. Peter Street, " Vaillancourt, J. A 333 Commissioners Street, " Viipond, McBride & Co. . .261 Commissioners St., " Vipond's, T. S., Son. . .291 Commissioners Street, " Ward, Joseph, & Co. . .325 Commissioners Street, " Wait, George, & Co .* . 9 William Street, PACKERS, DBSIRINO TO EXPORT PROVISIONS,. . . AHD . . Foreign Merchants WANTING To HANDLE AMERICAN MEAT PRODUCTS, WILL ATTAIN THCIR OWKCT PIIOMrr!.V •Y PLACINO A CARD IN ....<. . THE NATIONAL PMYISIONEB, The Organ of the Pnviaion and Meat laduatriea of the United Statea. m *mM * ti um. m km ^ ■ iii M rti ^■ti ' .'sSBw^^^- KENTUCKY REFINING CO. r L4>lJlSVILI.E« KYm !]• *■ A., REFINERS or ALL GRADES OF COTTON SEED OILS AND MANUFACTURERS OF RED STAR '^'S^Xf SOAP AND SOAP STOCK. SPECIALTIES. SCLirSB mVTTKM OIL. Dalmonioo Cooking CH. Nonpmroil Stlul Oil. Minor*' and Browors' Lamp Oil. filter Pressed {;?'rt^-.l. 811. 8miimer{?aft^^-.l.8!l: Tank Cars Furniabed Free for CRUDE COTTON OIL. Cable Addre..: CORRB8PONOBNCB SOUCITBD. ' REKINBRV, LOU1SV.ULB." A. i. for Price, before Purci nsing dw^where. Cotton Oil Mannftctiirers na Rellners desiring an analysis of their product, or of cake and meal, or wanting any practical information on the subject of the iiMntoctiire Of cottoiMowl oU or of co«po«id tart, will do well to write to the National Provisioner at New York or Chicago, and they will be promptly attended to. The most complete report of the cotton oil market Is found in the columns of this well-known trade journal, and that Is the reason why no cotton oil mill in the country should be with- out It. They read it to keep posted To keep posted Is half of the business. Men who are posted sell their goods quickly. THE NATIONAL PROVISIONER is published every Saturday at Ni- Yoric (Pearl Street, corner Beekman) and at Chicago (5v7 Oi8 Manhattan Building). Annual Sub- scription (5a li iikly issues), $3.00. I a CO., OILS iP STOCK.- /White C. S. OH \YeHowC.tt.OU. Tiite C. S. Oil. ellow C. S. Oil. N OIL. INCB SOLICITED. rci --ising diewhere. I Refiners cake and meal, e subject of the MNUld bund, will ER at New York tended to. The et is found in the and that is the f should be with* I. quickly. lublished every Beekman) and Annual Sub- VIII COTTON-SEEO OIL MANUFACTURERS AND REFINERS. ^^_jjljyiiagiiiiiiii'i — "— *— £ FRICK COM^niinee^' IVAYNESBORO, PA. Ice-Making and Refrigerating MACHINERY. Complete pUnte for Ice- maUnc and Reftigenition for Breweries, Pecking Mouses, Cold Storage, etc. Highest Awards and Premiums at World's Columbian Exposition. 8«idfirlMlieUieCiKiltf. Eclipse Corliss Engines, 40 to 2,000 rl. P.. All Styles. (BBMD rOR CORMBt CWCULAR.) AiMO muldcrs or Electric High Speed Engines. rineers. [erating < ngines, ries. :ns:ines« C0TT0I-8EED OIL IAH0FACTURER8 AMD REFINERS. ALABAMA. Eafaula Oil and Fertilizer Go Enfaala Farmers' Alliance Go Florence Fort Deposit Oil Go Fort Deposit Etowah Alliance Gotton-Seed Oil Mfg. Co Oadsden Myrich ft Son " Qreenville Oil and Fertilizer Co Greenville Hnntsville Cotton Oil Go Huntsrille Tredegar Oil Mill Go Jaoksonyille Jacksonville Oil Mill Co " Gonohardie Oil Mills Lincoln Sulphur Springs Go " Marion Oil Co Marion Newbeme Oil Mill Newbeme Opelika Cotton Oil Mills Opelika Southeast Alabama Oil and Fertilizer Go Ozart Roanoke Gotton-Seed Oil Mill Koanoke Campbell ft Wright, Jr. " Scottsville Oil Go Scottsville Troy Fertilizer Co Troy Tuscaloosa Gotton-Seed Oil Mills Tuscaloosa Tuskegee Oil Mills Tnskegee Bullock County Mfg. Co Union Springe Canebrate Oil Mill .TJniontown Elsie Mill Go Walnut Gi-ove Woodley Oil Works Woodley ABEANBA8. Crescent Cotton Oil Co Argenta Eureka Cotton Oil Co Arkansas City Oonway Cotton Oil and Gin Co Conway ■"■"». IB-tH-VJ-Ji^M^''^ 182 COTTOK-SBED OIL MANUFACTURERS AKD REFIKERS. ARKANSAS (Continued). Arkuisait Ootton Oil Go Fort Smith Planters' Mill Co Helena Arkansas Cotton Oil Co " Crescent Cotton Oil Co Little Book Southern Cotton Oil Co " FLORIDA. Loomis Mfg. Co Femandina High Springs Oil Co High Springs G. M. Whetstone Lloyds OU Mill Co Lloyds Florida Mfg. Co Madison Mikesville Oil Mill Co Mikesville Orlando Oil Mill Co Orlando GEORGIA. Americns Oil Co Americus Athens Oil and Fertilixdr Co Athens Gate City Oil Co.. Athmta Georgia Ootton Oil Co " Comxr"'.cial Oil Co " Attalla Compress and Fertilizer Co Attalla Farmers' and Fertilizer Co Bamesville A. P. Brantley Co Blackshire Clayton Oil Co Cbiyton Conyers Oil and Fertilizer Co Conyers Dawson Oil Mills Co Dawson Elberton Oil Mills Co Elberton Co-operative Mfg. Co Forsythe Farmers' and Merchants' Oil and Guano Co -Fort Gaines Farmers' Co-operative Mfg. Co GriiSn Griffin Oil and FertUizer Co " Hartwell Oil Co Hartwdl BEFINER8. ..Fon Smith .... Helena I . . Little Bock ' « . .Fernandina High Springs << Lloyds Madison . . . Mikesville Oriando — Americas > Athens Atlanta << « Attalla . .Barnesville . .Blaokshire CUyton ....Gonyen Dawson .... Siberian . . . . Foray the .-Fort Gaines Griffin it ...Hartwell C0TT0N-8EED OIL MAVUrAOTUBKRB AND REFINEB8. 183 GEORGIA (Continued). Lathrop Oil Mill Co Hawkinsville Hawkinsville Oil Co " Middle Georgia Oil and Fertilizer Co Hogansville Jackson Oil Mill Co Jackson Lagrange Mill Co Lagrange Farmers' Cotton Oil and Mfg. Co Locust Grove Middle Georgia Oil and Fertilizer Co Love Joy Station Macon Oil and Ice Co Macon Georgia Mills and Elevator Co " Plantera' Oil, Oaano, and Ice Co " Farmers' Oil and Fertilizer Co on Milledgeville Oil and Fertilizer Co Milkugeville Monroe Guano Co Monroe Farmera' Alliance Co Montezuma Bobert McBride & Co Xewman Pelfam Oil Co .' Pelfam Smithsonia Cotton-Seed Oil Mills Smithsonia Walton Oil Co Social Circle Talbott Anti-Trust Mfg. Co Talbott Thomasville Guano Co Thomasville Excelsior Mfg. Co Washington Waterville Oil Co Waterville Waynesboro' Oil Mill and Fertilizer Co Waynesboro Plantera' Oil Mfg. Co West Point Winterville Oil Mill Co WinterviUe ILLINOia Chioaca E. W. BUitchfoTd ft Co 70 North Clinton Street G. R. Jenkins ft Co 12.14 Franklin Street ■MfKMHlMMVftMnM 184 COTTON-BSKD OIL MAXUrACTUBIRS AND REnWIRB. INDIAN TERRITORY. Ardmore Cotton Oil Co Ardmore KBNTUOKT. Kentucky Refining Co LonitTlUe Olobe Itofiuing Co « LOUISIANA. Red River Oil Co. (Ltd.) Aleundria Capital City Oil Co ^l i . . Baton Bonge Feliciana Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co. Bayou Sara Oampti Oil Mills Co Campti Haynes & Freeman " Armistead Oil Mill Co OouBhatta Planters' Crescent Oil Co Oretna M. } r Phillips Lakeland Lakeland Oil Co " Planters' Oil Mill Co Monroe Union Oil Co " GivenoTioh Chc; i' \ Cv ijtd.) Natohitoohea Iberia Oil Mills C New Iberia Independent Co. Oil Co. (Ltd.) New Orleans A. A. Maginnt i-ms " Standarl Cotton-Seed Oil Co " Rousseau Latonr " St. Martins Oil Works " Armbruster Oil Refining Co " Steinhaidt & Co " Lawler & Chaery " Dnpois^ Refining and Mfg. Co '. " PUnters' Oil Co Union Oil Co " Orescent Oil Co " * ( r '^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ULM2A 12.5 ut 1^ 12.2 III L25 iJ^|i^ •/ Photographic Sciences Corparation 23 WBT MAIN STRUT VWiSTlt,N.Y. 145M (71«) •72-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historlquas rf '■■%<. LOUISIANA (Continued). .New Orleaua David Mfg. Co. (Ltd,) • Excelsior Refining Co OpelousasOUMiUCo "^^Pp'^ EiiBh Point Cotton Oil and Mfg. Co Rush Point Union Cotton Oil Co •«r«^r''^f St. Martinsville Oil Co. (Ltd.) St. MartmsviUe Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co 'fT- ^ Pelican Oil Mill Co Washington MAINE. The Winthrop Co. .Portland MISSISSIPPI- Hope City Compress and Mfg. Co.. Abei^een Baird Cotton Oil Mill Co...-. --'"^'^^ Chatawa Cotton Oil Co. n, w7 Sun Flower Oil Co '•P^f'S^*! Friar's Point Oil Mill and Mfg. Co. Fnar s Point Phmters' Cotton-Seed and Crushing Co Greenville Planters' Oil MUl and Mfg.Co Greenwood Capital City OU Works rd'IZl Planters' Independent Oil Co : L^tUe ^k Meridian Oil Mill and Mfg. Co ..Mendian Eagle Cotton Oil Co. " xt ^ v American Cotton Oil Co o'-fn^*" Mississippi Cotton Oil Co Port Gibson Port Gibson Oil Works Rodney Cotton-Seed Oil Mills. •-•••tT"^ Hill City Oil Mills. Vicksburg Refuge Oil Mill Co. Vicksburg OU Mills Co. 186 COTTON-SKED OIL MANUFACTUBEB8 AND BEFIKERS. NEW YORK. ; r New York City. American Cotton OU Co .29 Broadway American Seed Presaing Co 114 Broad Street Occidental Oil Mills 539-645 W. 24th Street Lincoln Mfg. Co 18 Broadway NORTH CAROLINA. Swift Creek Mfg. Co Battleboro' Charlotte Oil and Fertilizer Co Charlotte Conetoe Oil Mills. Conetoe Fayetteville Oil Mill Co. Fayetteville State Line Oil and Fertilizer Co Gibson Station Goldsboro' Oil Co Goldsboro' Kingston Oil Mills Co Kingston Laurinburg Cotton-Seed Oil Mill and Mfg. Co. .Laurinburg Rowland Oil and Fertilizer Co Rowland Farmers' Co-operative Mfg. Co Tarboro* Tarboro' Oil Mills Co " Edgecombe County Oil Co " OHIO. Corona Oil Ca Cincinnati PENNSYLVANIA. Southern Cotton Oil Co. . . .116 So. 3d Street, Phihidelphia West Branch Refining Co Williamsport RHODE ISLAND. Union Oil Co Providence SOUTH CAROLINA. Abbeville Cotton-Seed Oil and Fertilizer Co Abbeville Allendale OU Mill Co Allendale .28 Broadway 114 Broad Street W. 24th Street . . 18 Broadway .... Battleboro' Charlotte Conetoe — Fayette rille . Gibson Station Ooldsboro' Kingston Go..Laurinbarg Rowland Tarboro* Cincinnati ■eet, Philadelphia . . . . Williamsport Providence Abbeville Allendale COTTON-SEED OIL j^ANI FACTUREKS AKD REFINERS SOUTH CAROLINA (Continued). Anderson Oil and Fertilizer Co Anderson Appleton Oil Mill Co Appleton Barnwell Oil Co Barnwell Belton Ginning, Fertilizer and Oil Co Belton Marlboro' Mill Co Bennettsville Mutual Refining Co Charleston Oliver Oil Co Columbia Darlington Seed Oil Co Darlington Dillon Cotton-Seed Oil Co Dillon Easley Oil Mills. Easley Edgefield Oil Co Edgefield Florence Cotton Oil Mill Co .Florence Greenwood Cotton Oil Co Greenwood Laurens Oil and Fertilizer Co Laurens Marion Oil Mills Marion Newberry Cotton-Seed Oil and Fertilizer Co Newberry Nat Gist Ninety-six Mfg. Co Ninety-six Orangeburg Oil Mill Co Orangeburg Ridge Springs Mfg. and Banking Co Ridge Springs The Produce MiMs Spartanburg Seneca Oil Mills and Mfg. Co .Seneca St. Matthews Mfg. and Warehouse Co. St. Matthews Summerton Cotton-Seed Oil and Fertilizer Co ..Stone Union Oil and Mfg. Co Union Wateree Oil Mill Co '.. . Wateree Fairfield Oil and Fertilizer Co Winnsboro' TENNESSEE. Chattanooga Cotton Oil Co .". Chattanooga Covington Oil Mill and Fertilizer Co Covington Dyersbnrg Oil and Fertilizer Co '. .Dyersburg Diamond Oil and Huller Co Memphis * 188 COTTOK-SEED OIL MAKUFACTURERS AND REFINERS. TENNESSEE (Continued) De Soto Oil Works Memphis Gayoso Oil Works " Planters' Oil Mill Co National Cotton-Seed Oil and HuUer Co " Valley Oil Mills " Tennessee Cotton Oil Co " John F. McCallum & Co Crescent Cotton Oil Co " Hanauer Cotton Oil Mill Co " Tennessee Cotton Oil Co Nashville Trenton Cotton-Seed Oil Mills Trenton TEXAS. Alvarado Cotton Oil Co Alvarado Ane(tin Oil Mfg. Co Austin Bastrop Cotton Oil Co Bastrop Belcherville Cotton Oil Co Belchenrille Belton Oil Mills Co Belton Blooming Grove Oil Mill Co. Blooming Grove Bonham Oil and Cotton Co Bonham Bowie Cotton-Seed Oil Co Bowie Brenham City Mfg. Co Brenham Brenham Compress Oil and Mfg. Co " Texas Standard Cotton Oil Co Brownwood Cotton-Seed Oil Co Brownwood Bmceville Cotton Oil Co .Bruceville Bryan Cotton-Seed Oil Co Bryan Caldwell Oil Mill Co Caldwell Burleson County Oil Mill Co " Calvert Cotton Oil Co ..Calvert Milan Coanty Oil Mill Co. '. Cameron Kennesaw Refining Co. : . . . Carterville Cleburne Light Oil and Ice Co Cleburne BEFIKERS. Memphis ft it tt it It it it it . .. .Nashville Trenton Alvarado Austin Bastrop . . Belcheryille Belton ^looming Grove Bouham Bowie Brenham (( it . ... Brownwood . . . . . Bruceville Bryan Caldwell « . . . ......Calvert '. Cameron . . . .. Carterville Cleburne TEXAS (Continued). Comanche Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co Comanche Corsicana Cotton Oil Co Corsicana National Cotton Oil Co " Cuero Cotton Oil Co Cuero Trinity Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co Dallas Texas Cotton-Seed Crushers' Association " Decatur Cotton-Seed Oil Co Decatur X^ational Oil Mill Co Denison Denton Cotton-Seed and Oil Co Denton The Dublin Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co Dublin Ennis Cotton Oil Co Ennis Farmersville Cotton Oil Co Farmersville Flatonia Oil Mill Co Flatonia Correlly & Co Fort Worth Gainesville Cotton-Seed Oil Mill and Gin Co. . .. Gainesville National Cotton Oil Co. . .• Galveston Georgetown Cotton Oil Co Georgetown Goliad Oil Mill Co Goliad Grand View Oil Mill Co Grand View Greenville Cotton Oil Co Greenville Planters and Merchants' Oil Co Groesbeck Lavacca Oil Co. Hallettsville Havasto Oil Mill Co Havasto National Cotton Oil Co '. Heame Hempstead Cotton-Seed Oil Co . . . Hempstead Hillsboro' Oil Co .Hillsboro' Honey Grove Cotton Oil Co Honey Grove Southern Cotton Oil Co Houston National Cotton Oil Co " Consumers' Cotton Oil Co '. " Merchants and Planters' Oil Co " Houston Oil Refining and Mfg. Co . " Texas Cotton-Seed Oil Co " mmmmif'^mm mmr'^m^mrmmm'iif^ I 190 COrroy-SEED oil MAKUFACrVREItS AND REnNEBS. TEXAS (Continued). Italy Cotton Oil Co Italy Itasca Cotton-8eed Oil Co Itasca Jefferson Cotton Oil and Iteflning Co Jefferson Kaufman Oil Mill Co Kaufman Kyle Oil Mill Co Kyle Ladonia Cotton Oil Co Ladonia Lit Grange Oil Mill Co La Orange Lockhart Oil and Power Co Ijockhart Longview Cotton-Seed Oil Co Longview Luling Mfg. Co Lnling Marlin Oil Co Marlin McKinney Cotton Oil Mill Co MoKinney Moulton Oil Mill Co Moulton Navasota Oil Mill Co Navasota Landa Cotton Oil Co New Braunfels New Braunfels Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co. . . . " Palestine Cotton-Seed Oil Mill Co Palestine Paris Oil and Cotton Co Paris Rockdale Oil Co Rockdale Rockwall Oil Co Rockwall San Antonio Oil Co San Antonio Western Cotton Oil Mfg. and Cotton-Seed Co. . " San Marcos Cotton-Seed Oil Co San Marcos Schulenberg Oil Mill Co Schnlenberg Banmgarten's Oil Mill Co " Sherman Oil and Cotton Co Sherman Sulphur Springs Oil Co Sulphur Springs Taylor Cotton-Seed Oil Co Taylor Temple Oil Mfg. and Refining Co Temple Empire Oil Co , . . . " Central Texas Cotton Oil Co " Terrell Cotton Oil Mfg. and Refining Co. Terrell National Cotton Oil Co Texarkana .^'niMi BEFIKEB8. Italy Itasca Jefferson Kaufman ^ Kyle Ladonia La Grange liookhart Longview Luling Marlin McKinney Moulton , Navasota New Braunfels Palestine Paris Rockdale Rockwall . . . San Antonio 3o.. San Marcos Schnlenberg << Sherman Sulphur Springs Taylor Tempi* ....Terrell .Texarkana COTFON-SEBD OIL MAKUFACTUBBRS AKD REFINERS. 191 TEXAS (Continued). Velasco Cotton-Seed Oil Mill and Mfg. Co Veksco National Cotton Oil Co ^^ Consumers' Cotton Oil Co ^^ Waco Oil Mill Co * ' ' ' , . m. eo„M, CotU.„.Se«l Oi. Co .^. w^h^ Planters' Oil Co Weatherford Cotton Oil Co .....Weimar Weimar Oil Works. • Hillire Bros. Oil Mill Co • • • ; . ^'LlwHgM cotton on Co Wh,tewn.M SrouMm-«;iWco;.v.:;.v.--.v...-.--^»^»-- gjoM i iiji iiii M i i •' III! i i i itf i r i in imni i "T SAUSAGE CASINGS. I c5 CO o 111 X 0) 111 ^ z 00 > c z CO 0) ^ cd c cd O 4-> o D o < 0/ o X If; o '^ -0 . c • cd CO -■■I .''."nv'.::!"" '■■■■' "■•-^-^^-*'**'*' ''i-irii''ii'riiii m CO (d c cd J O ^ 4-> d D O O < 0; o ^ X IT; O . c cd CO IX SAUSAGE MANUFACTURERS J^ BERTH, LEVI & CO., CLEANERS, IMPORTERS, AND EXl'OR TERS OK SAUSAGE CASINGS. 19 Michifsn Avenue, CHICAQO. 7S Pearl Street, NEW YORK. BECHSTEIN & CO., s MANUPACTUIieilS OP ALL KINDS OP ausage Casings 77 Market Street, 364 Waebinfton Street, CHICAGO. ILL. NEW YORK, N. Y. 118 QiMt 4«fMk 5tfMt, LONDON, BNQLAND. Illinois Casing Company, CI.KANERS, IMPORTERS, ANI> EXPORTERS OP Sausage Casings. joa Michigan Street, CHICAGO. M- R. V/IRXZ, a and 4 Stone Street, New York, U, S, A., . , . EXPORTER OP . . . Hog Casings -^ AND AL<. KINDS OP Beef Casings. 1 )0m D N6S. 1 Straat, IW YORK. - CO., ngs gton Street, IK, N. Y. pany, ings. AGO. rk, U.S.A., sings. --hj BURFAU '^^ 3K AN(W,Al INDUSTRY SAOSAftE MAliOFACTURERr " CALIFORNIA. Ban Franolfloo. J - V T .A (!o 370 Dauphin Street Alexandor.N. l.,*to m, 3d Street ?l': "^ m" u .. .11 Southern Market Boltz, Mrs. B ...•••• ^ j y^^^^ California Sausage tactory ..... -^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ Drouet, H ^^^j^ ^^^^ Slotwell Street* Butcher, G. ^^^^ Howard Street Haag & Bachmanu .. 108, 6th Street Ilarbold & Co '^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ Heineman & Stern • ' ' ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ Heinz, C j^g^ g^j^ gt,eet Leakes&Co '.'. 1079 Market Street NeTrman,A 26 Centre Market S«h»"«['^ .37 Centre Market ^Sb;os;;:::::::::::::*'-"----'i39o Market Street Blauer Sausage Factory 155 S. l«t Street, San Jo«6 Davis, A. A. COLORADO. ^ „. „ T? 227 E. 3d Street, LeadviUe Ktoelling, P. F '«-" ^ p^jg^lo Nuckolls Packing Co ,, Pueblo Packing Co • * CONNECTICUT. Schwab, Max 21^ Pembroke Street, Bridgeport ^ 1 v.\.+ ft«n 235 E. Main Street, KtK;t^;.;.:;::::.nH««i.tonst^, - 196 SAUSAOE MANUFACTUBERS. OONNECTiCUT (Continued). Renz, John. TV} Hamilton Street, Bridgeport Wundrack, R 574} Main Street, " Luohainger, Thomas Bristol File, D. VV. 65 West Street, Danbury Goos, F 300 Main Street, " Blamenthal, B 229 Market Street, Hartford Hurlburt, E. E 130 Church Street, " Maurer, T 162 Front Street, Bamisch, A 516 Main Street, " Buechler, John Meriden Drechsler, J 24 North Street, " Fox, C. F 26i E. Main Street, " Hunter, James F 194 W. Main Street, " Meriden Provision Co 101 S. Colony Street, " Schuerer, E Southington Avenue, " Doerr, 0. E Shuttle Meadows Road, New Britain Giersch, A. F. W 213 Linwood Street, " Malecke, Theodore 105 Jubilee Street, " Merz, G. S 357 Arch Street, " Ramm Bros 353 Arch Street, " B&werman, Peter 900 State Street, New Haven Maylinger & Hugo . 120 Crown Street, " Merwin, S. E., & Son. 354 State Street, Richards, J. P 69 Union Street, " Rejnwald, Charles 145 Washington Street, •' Sperry & Barnes 114 State Street, " Bingenheimer &, Willing 6 Market Street, Rockville Grote, John Ward and Union Streets, " Keman, P. H 25 Market Street, " Norton, W. J 98 W. Main Street; Petig, William 89 W. Main Street, " Strong, W. E 10 Windsor Avenue, " Bohl, V 66 S. Willow Street, Waterbury Dreher, W 785 Bwk Street, " ? ai--iiMiii»*ii'viiniiirfilri1tMi''tit^»W*^iMi^ >< << ). it, Bridgeport 't " Bristol reet, Danbury reet, reet, Hartford reet, reet, ireet, .... Meriden Street, " Street, " Street, Street, Tenne, d. New Britain et, et, et, et, set. New Haven )et, 3et, jet, Jtreet, Rockville treeta, Street, Streetj Street, renuo, reet, Waterbury rwt, << n tt << <( ti K It it ft tt tt \ All b»rrel« uni bo««« of the Genuine ProBor^aUne BKAB THIS TBABK HABE. CSTAMJSHCD ISTT. TAKB NO OTHEB. ^4i .IJ. sncES PlaOt a •tritoh, tmporten and JoblMfB of SPICES, ••PURITY flPICB WILLS." •0 Pearl StrMt, HtV YORIC. Bttpptie* for tho Paeklu. Pro- oo. mat SauMK* Maklnc TnidM a 8j or QuoMloai Mid aapM RM to Miy M iaitjr. :" i Liii ii « I l ai i i ii iii rr i ' i t .' " ■ Ill i -i liiii f ii iH ilil ' i ll ill l li t - ii rtHl I'l l i. ' ING lY lerlngr 3ILER8. SCO.. : »8ES, KETTLES. cm: frentoiiJJ. rRITCH, n of SPICES, ! MILLS," NIV YORK. f, Pro' oD. and ItaaSi -ialtjr. nanywidreib SAUSAOE MANUFACTURERS. 199 OONNEOTICUT (Continued). Menold, H 723 8. Main Street, Waterbury Pierpont Bros .Jndd Street, " Sachsenhauser, John 39 Bronson Street, " DELAWARE. Blocher, Charles. 1819 W. 2d Street, Wilmington Mammele Bros 506 Poplar Street, " Piepcubring, Fu 506 Madison Street, " Wilmington Abattoir Co Tatnall Street, " DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Augusterfer, J. A 656 Centre Market, Washington Auth, N., Mfg. Co 23 Kiggs Market, " OEORaiA. Boesel, T. F., & Bros -. Augusta ILLINOIS. Bell, Joseph Alton Chicago. Agar Bros 624 Larrabee Street Anglo-American Provision Co Union Stock Yards Armour & Co Union Stock Yards Arnold Bros 145 Randolph Street Behnke, Charles 769 Elk Grove Avenue Benate, Claude 2270 Archer Avenue Benot, C 3020 Wallace Street Berg, David, & Co 731-733, 37th Street Blumenhagen & Epding'. 199 Augusta Street Bobsin, Henry 52 N. Peoria Street Braschj Otto 96 Lemoyne Street Calumet Canning Co 70 W. Jackson Street Cooke & Davenport 32 N. Quincy Street Orotter, P. 3367 S. Halsted Street I immiMiii >irtili»aM>liMttll Chioaco (Continued). Daemicke, Paul J 71 Halated Street Dahmke, John I. A U80-984 W. Lake Street Danzer, A Milwaukee Avenue and Union Street Dicker & Nuratt Packing Co 190 Fulton Street Dreyfus, Ous 2348 State Street Edward, James, Packing Co Union Stock Yards Fairbank Canning Co 50 State Street Fowler Bros Union Stock Yards Goldstein Bros 169 W. 12th Street Outhman, Leppell & Co 3915 S. Halsted Street Hammond, O. H., Co 265 S. Walter Street Hansknecht, L. 71 N. Genesee Street Hash Brothers Union Stock Yards HoUenbaoh, Charles 644 South Oakley Avenue Hoonan & Ho£F Emerald Avenue and 41st Street Hunnifoid, G., & Co 653, 43d Street Ikes, Chs 153 Wells Street International Provision Co 169 Jackson Street Jamich, William 17 A Street King, Charles A 4537 Evans Avenue Krause, J. M 983-991 Milwaukee Avenue Libby, McNeil & Libby. , Union Stock Yards Loeb Bros 664 Blue Island Avenue Lnetgert, A. L 601-629 Diversey Street Bforris, Nelson & Co Union Stock Yards Mnller, Hendricks & Co 53 W. Jackson Street MuUer, Val., Packing Co 502-504 Larrabee Street Murorski, C 906 Clybonrne Avenue New York Sausage Co : . . ..159 W. 12th Street Pipton, Th. J Union Stock Yards Bappreoht, J., & Co 07 W. Rudolph Street Radolphi William 431 State Street Soheibel & Stem Archer Avenue Schneider,? 945 Girard Street mummmttmmtmmmi' mU mM [alated Street . Lake Street Union Street Fulton Street State Street D Stock Yards iO State Street n Stock Yards W. 12th Street Halsted Street Walter Street Genesee Street >n Stock Yards Oakley Avenue and 4lBt Street 653, 43d Street )3 Wells Street Jackson Street ...17 A Street ' Evans Avenue iraukee Avenue on Stock Yards Island Avenue Diversey Street }n Stock Yards Jackson Street jarrabee Street l)onrne Avenue W. 12th Street m Stock Yards Kudolph Street n State Street iroher Avenue i Oirard Street a FISCHER AND COMPANY, FISCHER MILLS, MANUFAOTUREIIS OP PUWK «PICEa. 393, 395 A 397 Breenwich St., and 62 Beach St., NEW YORK CITY. SAUSAGE MAKERS PORMBRL.Y HAD AN EASY BUSINESS. fflftltlgftatMtd^g y l«rttoi IraiCT rill Iri^cl ®ef»ift. CoMpetttloB has ciuuifed matters somewhat. ®ie Ifottcnrrett] l^at hit ^inge f^tdnhttt* rTNll Wl 7>tt ®(Winn i^ Keinrr al« frft^c unt ?}|r tnflgt fdiwmt arbfiteii. BKNOE YOV MVtn VMJY AS OHBAP AS rnmnOX AND APPI.T THK I.ATBBT ABU BMgT MAOHINKBY. 3X«^lb mOgt S^r fo UKigoI* mSgli^ taufcn unb bit neurfien unb bcfirn WlAVkitun anwcnbcn. You will And the prices fbr CASINOS, SPICBS, and MBATS, and the UtMt RBCIPBS and MACHINBRY BEGULABLT ETEBT BATCBDAT IN THE NATIONAL PROVISIONER, the Oiyanof UMllMtMidPravMiMiIiidMtriMartlMV.S. 34v fiiibct bic Vrcife von Sinm^, 9tmlnyai, SRriHI^ nnb bft tieutfltn NriMrtc, unb Vltfi^lata, 3>cm Organ btr S(cif4 unb ^roniant'Subulhriea ber Vertinigtcn Staatcn. 100,000 BMMlen. 100,000 Scfrt. Babioiibe for it Wonnitt bciirauf. PnUialud evojr Batudaj. (Srfc^int icben ©amflog. PmOB, POBTAOK PRBPAID, fS.OO PBR YBAR. 9tci6, iMCtaHvt 9»vto, $3.00 b«f 3«lt. Kii^u. THB linOUl PROTiaOIBR PUBUSHUG CO., NEW YORK, tatfi 8t, cor. BmIiimm. CHICA60, 61 7-«t8 Manlnttaii BmMIik. MtlNMBMill^ niWpi^ iiii-i Sil^ilM — Don — ^ mmtttum lMlfl||l m, fotttttt in S)iefe 3cltttng I gtelf(^ unb ©taatcn unb n atten fadtm ^altcn uttb ^c* ting Co., ittan Building, t., Chicago. SAUSAGE MANUPACTUBEB8. 203 Chicago (Continued). sawhoj;,w.H.,Co y-:^^^^^^ tZ;lX^:: ::::::: ': ■'»-vv^«'>' ?ri Z, u „ a H 54 N. Peoria Street Stallman, (i. H , , Vorila r'*rr' .''"zfSst';^: ?s:'hT \:;;;;.::::.v.v;.;;«.3.N. p.'».in. street Wendt, H., & Son 329 »• J«««"°" S*""* ^ . T Galena Koatner, J tr„,i«™ _ . . j„i„i, Harlem r„r;C!sJck.;.;.;.::. •.■::.•. .Hm-w w«*«H».^. .•.•••..■.•3;^z;': McCammon, W. l!i • • •* u °;„ Polster, Charles F : ^ Green Street P^rm J . , 15, Centre Street, Peru ^^^^^' *^- • „ •„• „ ... .Springfield Boeli.^3r, George, & Son "i* « Groesch, Chs ,^ Heiger, Charles, & Bro ^^ Stroma, Frank INDIANA. Anderson Dressed Beef Oo..Main & Grand Aves., Anderson EvansTille. Becker C H 524 Upper 4th Street Sg,lob.. 1021 Fulton Avenue Gutling, Frederick • • • :^- -^ l::;:^err.':.';:::.:::.:::".H04 w. Frankim street ateWM mmm d04 gAVSAOB MANUFACTURERS. ^^ EvauBvllle (Oontinued). '. Lubitz, Henry Mohr, Casper Mannon, A Schneip. Anton 900 DiTiBion Street Waldschmidt, F. H 301 Fountain Avenue ' . J g 919 Mam Street Gottiieb. Haller •; ••V^°''7*^"' LeikaufBros 15 Hanover Street, Murchel, Martin • Old Fort Spice and Extract Co |los8can & Pfeifler Row, J Yobst, A _ , Hammond, G. H., Co ,. .Hammond Adama Packing Co Indianapolis Bettcher, Rud Coffin, Fletche'- & Co Derleth, W 189 W. Washington Street, Kingan & Co. (Ltd.) Moore Packing Co • • • ••••••• • • ' 0*Mah6urey, T. J ^6 Shelby Street, Heiflei, Martin Sindlinger, P 207 W. Michigan Street, Sitz, John t( <( it (< i< << IOWA. Sinckir, T. M., & Co * CedarBapids Dubuque Packing and Provision Co Dubuque Dubuque Packers' Association M ii rtmi ii i i II ii imi ii >ill»iiWuiaMIII|illl.HiM«j'(ili*winMlHi:n»'P*>'"i'' »illll*l««Wl 8AU8AOB MANUrAOTUBBBS. 205 l)er 4th Street 9 Main Street ivision Street ntain Avenue 9 Main Street ..Fort Wayne It, " « << . . Hammond . Indianapolis Jt, • • Jt, • • 5t, Cedar Rapids .... Dubnqne IOWA (Oontinatd). Hoffnar, Conrad Dabnque Reincke, Cbas " Klein, John " Ryan, Wm., &Co " Sohl, John " West, G. W ... " Wimmer, G " Cndahy Bros. Co Sionx City Heller, A., & Son " Karo, Aug " Silberhom, Camp " Sioux City Packing and Provision Co " KENTUCKY. LqnisvUle. Busch, R. D 937 Oeiger Street Conrad Provision Co 1492 Story Avenue Fischer, W. H Hancock and Market Streets Louisville Packing Co 1318 Story Avenue Leib, F., & Son 122 TV. Main Street Morris, Birch & Co 226 W. Main Street Pfaffinger A Co. 922 E. Market Street Vissman, H. C, & Co. .417 Beckel Avenue LOUISIANA. Bohm> J St. David and Toledano Streets, New Orleans MAINS. Carr, William S., & Co 61-55 Broad Street, Bangor Cobb & Nash Valley Avenue, " Reagan & Dalton Ohio Street, " Rice, C. H Central Market House, " Finson ft Brown Bucksport '^4 m,- ■ iW iiii J Ii i il iill iil li ii jM rtllMi il llll WJ i 200 8AU8A0B MAWCFACTUREBH. MARTLAND. * ^' Baltimore. Ashauer, H Vanderhowt Lane Balta, William .".'.'.* ^^3 Hanover Market Barringer, S. W City Market Bien, John McElderry and Madeira StreeU Blumhardt,'Ro8a • • W Wilkins Street Bossert, Anton City Market Erdman,F. S Balch Market Essig, F City Market Gebelein, O Belair Market Gunser.C City Market Haas, Anton ^3 Hanover Market Haase, Dora ^ Centre Market Haase, E. W Lexington Market Heinz, P. E City Market Hettchen.E 4 Fell'a Point Market Horn G W 100 Hartford Road iBenbirg. L,'& Son .' 627 W. Fayette Street Kaiser, H , ..C.tyMarke Klo8, J 1*^6 Lexington Market Lambrecht,A.... 149 Lexington Market MeiBter,H ^"' «* w OttenheiraerBros... « City Market Reinhardt,A 1843 Frederick Avenue jjj^2 Q 30 Fell's Point Market Roemer, H ■ ■.' ".' .". ■'.'*".*' m Hanover Market Schaefer, Mrs. J. H 204 Lexington Market Schle«8,J.C ;?f!"!«*w Sellendyer,L... 1-3 Fell's Point Market Snyder, A City Market Spuck,C 4Jenkin8Lane Temperle, Mary 101-103 Lexington Market Volkert, F City Market liMliiilMMI WI I MJMtlM i MI'M i ill I 'MI I W m a umim x MWHl iderhorst Lane anovor Market ...City Market Madeira Streets Wilkins Street .... City Market . . Balch Market . . . City Market . Belair Market . . . City Market Hanover Market S Centre Market exington Market . . . City Market I'b Point Market H) Hartford Boad V. Fayette Street .. ..City Market lexington Market lexington Market . . Belair Market City Market 'rederick Avenue ll's Point Market Hanover Market exington Market . HoUins Market I'b Point Market — City Market . 4 Jenkins Lane Bxington Market ....City Market 8AU8AOE MANUFACTURBR8. MT Balttmon (Oontinaed). Waldeck, F. C Vonderhnrst Lane Waters, R. C 34 Lexington Market Weber, John 10 Fell's Point Market Wetzler, J City Market MA8SACHUSXTTS. Bell, A. 8 Beverly Boston. Berlo Bros 322 W. Broadway Erath, U 4 Boylston Avenue Firnrohr, Frederick 23 Station Street Globe Sausage and Provision Co 103 Fulton Street Qoessel, Joseph 106 Linden Park Street Haaror, F 75 Shawmnt Avenue North Packing and Provision Co 31 Xorth Street Park Sausage and Provision Co 31 Fulton Street Spiegel, A. S 143 Eliot Street Squire, John P., ft Co 39 and 40 N. Market Street Benz, Charles F. 75, 6th Street, Cambridge Wiedemann, S. & M 181 Broadway, « Weitze, Qustave 170 Thomdike Street, " Furbush & Co Furbnsh Court, Charleston Cornell, D. H. & W. Fall River Graves, J. H " Griswold, Thomas £ 12 Park Street, Fitohburg Boausoleil, P., & Son. . .S. Main and Planche Sts., Holyoke Beyer, R 637 Summer Street, " Brewham, H 517 High Street, " Cloutier, F 46 Cabot Street, " Knengel, E 13 James Street, " Spamer, George 305 Park Street, " Trepanier, 61 Cabot Street, •* />*'V )*iN«i«iMNiiiibiifiiiiiii^ _J 806 BAt'BAQB MAXUrACTUKBM. KA88A0HU8BTTS (Contlnuad). Furneanx, 8. 633 Essex Htroet, Lawrence Beeves, P 113 Essex Street, '• SohYenlttiid. II. 34 Park Street, " Slingsley, 8 1U6 Cross Street. <• Yunggebuuer, P. £., & Co 87 Exchange St., " Ingham Bros 63 Lincoln Street, Lowell Martel, E 161 Hale Street, '< Qlidden, William U 62 Union Street, Salem Porter, F., & Son 5 Central Street, " Hagen, Sophia 22 South Street, Somenrille Hunnowell, 0.0 536 Somenrille Avenue, " Jenks&Co 22 Bennett Street, •< Merrill, L. E 5 Concord Avenue, " Handy, H. L 27 Uampden Street, Springfield Hunt, A. C, & Co 18 Sandford Street, " Sheldon, £. C, & Son 31 Bridge Street, " Springfield Provision Co Brightwood, " Wespiser, A 65 Water Street, " Bertels, B. J 15 Church Street, Worcester Boepple, Oeorge 20 Millhnry Street, " Raboin, B 222 Shrewsbury Street, « Weichman, Frank 68 Sonthgate Street, ** White, Pevey & Dexter Co .... 13 Bridge Street, <' KIOHiaAN. Smialek Bros 308, 12th Street, Bay City Dttroit Barlenn, Thomas, & Son 6-8 Centre Market Broeg, Max, Jr 615 Onrtiot Avenue Famam, M 371 Michigan Avenue Hammond, Standish ft Co Hammond Building Hatch & Boyle 185 Jefferson Avenue Hempel, P., & Co. 3-7 Farmer Street iMMUMWil led). raet, Lawrence reet, roet, •• reet, " , St., Street, Lowell Street, •' 1 Street, Sdem 1 Street, " eet, Somerrille nue, reet, Que, eet, Springfield "eet, ■eet, Dod, reet, treet, Worceater (reet, treet, treet, treet, << << << << << << Street, Bay City B Oentre Market I Gratiot Avenne f iohigan Avenue nmond Bnilding Fefferlon Avenue -7 Farmer Street gAVI&OI MANUfACTURMS^^ ____^ Detroit (Continued). ,,,,.„ Catharine Street i*'"?'«'^°*'" ;;; 403 Hiopelle street J*""'. ^ • i 693, a3d Street Tm""!. ...886 St. Aubin Avenue if*'':,^;„L 3» Cadillac Square ^:i!:T^^ :::::..:: 536 Ha.ti«g street Oriin; E ■ '. ■ . . .Chone Street, and Cleveland Avenue Parke;,WebiACo 02 Grand River Avenue „";* 'u. «3ti St. Aubin Avenue Sinbowski ■ S .■..'■'■.'■. '. '. Linden and 23d Street. Beinbowski, » . ^^^^^ «fTTi ;...... ..883, 24th Street T^p;rt Charie. W.*. :.;.■.■.■■: M-^ 0«f * Avenue S Leo 407 Chene Street 'ffrr*'" :""roSr:: ^SLo^S a: s;::::.:.:. ^->» ™- *-- W^Lu L 7Jl HMting Street wltTh.'.. 877 Biop,n. Street Kimmel F. J '^1* Germania Avenue, Saginaw ^,. ..V ««™»"«"^: DuLth Bell, John N ,, Frank, J. J ' „ SobmauBS, It. F ,, Coons & Unoapher ,, Witt & Young St. Paul. Berg, Philip Caasidy Packing Co Columbia Packing Co. Dickhadt, H mmt lm i mm* rr 210 SAUSAGE MANUFACTUBBR8. St. Fatd (Continued). Eisenmenger, L *55 Waba«h Street Etermantrant Bros " * ;," '.^ J oi ' *! Farwell, Ozmun, Rink & Co 213-223 E. 3d Street Hoiick, Charles Janssen, C. A ' " V"i " oi U Luley, F. W., & Sou 382 Jackson Street 5;£Lt^^;:::::::::::::::::::::::-;:Higi;E^age Memer & Becker Minneapolis Provision Co U' V,V" " " " *" * Minnesota Packing and Provision Co. . .44 E. Ch^«««« f ^«; O'Leary, J. J., & Sons 60-64 W. 10th Street Ptowaty, N • Bochler & Henrichs • •••''."' "'ay"t. Schwitz. H *92 Mississippi Street St. Paul Provision Co. • '\L": "''"'. Twin City Packing and Provision Co 213 Eagle Street Weyl & Vuckel ; ; ••••••••• MISSOURI. Conrad, Peter • -^""^T!* Marold, Oscar 1417 Grand Avenue, Kansas City „„ a Platte City MoComas, S '• ^ „. t v. Sauer, William 2137 Bartlett Street, St. Joseph St. Joseph Sausage Works, .Leuce and Jule Sts., Ht. Louis. A ^-«n V 1859 S. 12th Street Ammennann, * '^^ ^ . _, , . B u T«i,« 34 Union Market S^nnerr S.Vsau8age Mfg.'co.V. 142'9ll431 S.' Broadway S"^*' aln^^ ■.'■'.' *.* *.*118 Union Market Qrapp, George **" iwii ii iiai i ww mummmrm so^m^^ M m i i' mm > Wabash Street 523 E. 3d Street I Jacksou Street ...High Bridge E. Chicago Ave. 4 W. 10th Street ■ •••••••••••• • idissiBsippi Street 213 Eagle Street .California mue, Kansas City Platte City Street, St. Joseph Le Sts., 859 S. 12th Street .34 Union Market .,617 8. 2d Street -1481 S. Broadway 118 Union Market .Omaha << St Louis (Continued). ^ . 1241 S. Broadway Greiner, F Henssler, E. F. Landauer, A., & Co . I^"^' ^ 2617 Broadway Max, John Ro8e,G. &L.... .15 French Market Schonchow, Maria Tamme, Chas • Waldeck, J. C. C, Provision Co ^^^ •-^- Wehrle,!.. . 1900 S. 12th Street Weimg, John Werner, Andrew NEBRASKA. Aust, Aug Harris & Fischer • „ Heller & Liver Co „ Omaha Packing Co • ,, Schnouber, Henry NEW HAMPSHIRE. T»- J 1 T? A «:«« 53 Walker Street, Manchester Riedel, F., « Son Jrr,, o*..^* « Schonland, W. F U Walker Street, NEW JERSEY. j^obv J C Board Walk and Ark Ave., Atlantic City Jacoby, J. y ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^^^ Bayonne BSte;^rnP.V. ../.:■. ■■.433 Eli«beth Avenne, Elizabeth Butler, Jonn r.. . . ^^^ ^^.^^ ^^^^^ Evergreen ir«'^°\- 91 Hudson Street, Hackensack eS;, P.; ■& '^■'-''iTzX::' "'"''" ^^'' ^^^^-^SttK; " Haeg, C ••• ti Hirtler's Sons, C • • • ;• • ••■;■"■■ « Kathmeyer.P..; 21 Jackson Street, 212 8AUBA0B MANUFA0TURBB8. NEW JERSEY (Continued). Bender, Wm . .Railroad Avenue and lat Sireet, Jersey City BuBch Bros BuBch, A 65 H'-'dson Street, " Fleckenstein Bros 190 New York Arenue, ** ' Atchison, Thos Ml Central Avenue, N(3wark Bailey, H. E .101 S. Orange Avenue, Beck^ M. J 1*4 Adams Street, " Brown, H 368 Springfield Avenue, " Buechler & Seidler 291 W. Kinney Street, " Burkhardt, O 62 Broome Street, " Knorr, J.H.... 245 Ferry Street, " Reitzel, G., & Co ... . 28th St. and S. Orange Ave., " Baier, Geo 193 Nelson Street, New Brunswick Dienzer, Geo. H 54 Dennis Street, Dienzer, John 45 Dinners Street, " Hausermann Bros. . .112 Rip Van Winkle Avenue, Paterson Price, S. W 26 Chambers Street, Trenton Schlicher, Wm Perrine Street, " NEW YORK. Bauer, Wm 373 Washington Avenue, Albany Bush, Daniel Elizabeth and Osbom Streets, *' Lemon, R., & Son 12 Main Street, Attica Black, R 3 Ferry Street, Binghamton Schoenrock, E 91-95 Hawley Street, Brooldyn. Babiak,A 680, 8d Avenue Bruens,G.H 284 Stagg Street Deilmuth, H 9 Debevoise Street Figge Bros Atlantic Avenue and Smith Street Greenburg,L '.. 28 Moore Street Holfleld,F. M .666, 3d Avenue Jilhe, John 691 Flushing Avenue jM a ir iH i 9t, Jersey Oity 8t, « << « « « « Jvenue, Newark veime, " Street, renae, Street, Street, Street, > Ave., Hew Brunswick renne, Paterson Street, Trenton Street, " irenne, Albany Streets, *' n Street, Attica et, Binghamton et, " 680, 8d Arenne !84 Stagg Street )ebevoiBe Street id Smith Street 13 Moore Street 656, 3d Avenue lashing Avenue SAUSAGE ¥AirUFACTUBBR8. 213 Brooldyn (Oontinued). Koehler, F 273, 3d Avenue Lochman, William 120 Union Avenue Lndwig & Kieler 1281 Broadway Luther, J 1081 Broadway Neef, Adolph ........ .274 Kumboldt Street Bau, Frank J 435 Oraham Avenue Bothlein, John 183 Graham Avenue Scheller, H 1823 Broadway Schmidt, August 2718 Atlantic Avenue Stone, Jennie 135 Osbom Street Stutz, Louis 817 Broadway Weinberg, B 45 Belmont Avenue Beoher, F 718 Genesee Street, Buffalo Dold, Jacob, Packing Co 745 William Street, " Elsheimer, William 779 Genesee Street, " Klein, Andrew 230 Sherman Street, " Manner, Jacob Hickory and Genesee Streets, " Bmehl, Julius College Point Kurts, J 100, 2d Avenue, " Frair & Hovey 13 James Street, Homer Catohpole, J. G., & Son 93 Seneca Street, Geneva Hofman, F. C .73 Seneca Street, " Van Huben & Baumgartner 346 Exchange St., " Wilkins, C 28 Castle Street, " Huber Bros 113 Main Street, Lockport Huber, J. & G 27 Locust Street, McArthur, W. D .Millerton New York City. Albeit, William, & Co .335 E. 48th Street Albert, William 783, 9th Avenue Baoharaoh, Joseph 347 Greenwich Street Bacher, S .193 Eldridge Street HHH 2J4 8AU8AOE JIAKUFACTUBEBS. New York City (Continued). „ . ^„ t 187 Diviaion Street ^eJTener, William 633 E 11 th Street BelschBros .i^w'mhst^t BischofI, Jacob 417 W. 39th Street „„":„ p 973, iBt Avenue BrSl M.V./.'V.;:.: 55 Stanton street S ' T 531, 9th Avenue S'io ■ .' 2986, 3d Avenue 5°t% 165, iBt Avenue Slw,paui:.:::.::' ::••.■■ '''JT^^'^^I Campiini, WiUiam 616 Corthmdt Avenue Cineman, Herman 293 Stanton Sree n^Z V 21 Spring Street ^L^;^^.:::::::::::: mDeiancey street Decker,H 'V'*^«r'. ni„w s 200 Delancey street SSre,D :;;;.;:. *« carmine street Dorfmuler,S 500, Uth Avenue Do^h S 1206, 2d Avenue S^Wn Louis 1. 4 Eivington Street t: , '. p^ 100 Essex Street S"*!, ?lb 613, 6th street S Ir'lJS^n .■;:..;.... 167 Essex Street E^^t^ns Company".*.'. 59th Street and 12th Avenue meMn B T.... 161^, 3d Avenue Se A 1998, 3d Avenue !:"*„/ T 322 E. 63d Street ElrG ..■■.■.'.. .628 W.-56th Street ^^nB«.s;;:... 215 ^vington street ^S^:::::::::::::::: ^^^^^d Avenue INiMI SAUSAGE MAKUFACTUBBRS. ivision Street 74 Avenue A 11th Street 2d Avenue 39th Street 3, Ist Avenue Jtanton Street 1, 9th Avenue 86, 3d Avenue (5, lat Avenue Hester Street thmdt Avenue Stanton Street Spring Street )eIanoey Street 67, Ist Avenue )elancey Street Carmine Street 0, 11th Avenue i06, 2d Avenue ivington Street 00 Essex Street 613, 6th Street 57 Essex Street id 12th Avenue >19, 3d Avenue W. 39th Street )98, 3d Avenue i E. 63d Street W.'56th Street ivington Street )ehmcey Street U6, 2d Avenue )12, 3d Avenue New York City (Contintied). Prey, John 623 Oourtlandt Avenue Friedman, A 205 Delancey Street Friedman, L 8 Bayard Street Friton, Qeorge 320, Ist Avenue Oelles, Isaac 37 Essex Street German- American Provision Co 207 Dnane Street Qoldberg, Isaac 148 Rivington Street Goldman, I 233 Delancey Street Goldman, G 314 E. Houston Street Golsong, Frank 240 Stanton Street Greenberg, Frank 69^1dridge Street Greff, August 659, 9th Avenue Greff, Joseph 646, 10th Avenue Grimm, Louis 1427, 2d Avenue Grossmann, August. 729, 9th Avenue Gruensfelder, N, 526, 10th Avenue Grundler, J 795 Columbus Avenue Haft Bros ... 259 Delancoy Street Hahne, R., & Son 318 Greenwich Street Halsted & Co 194 Forsyth Street HaufF, F 41 Avenue A Hedniger, R '. 2185, 2d Avenue Heinsinger, J 373 Bowery Hengst, C 348, 1st Avenue Herold, George 2d Avenue and 11th Street Hertz, Gabriel 233 Stanton Street Hnrtz, Samuel .261 Rivington Street Hock, K. 1411, 2d Avenue Hoffman & Co 869 Amsterdam Avenpe Jaeger, A 1569, 2d Avenue Keil, F 339 E. 46th Street Keller, G 90, 9th Avenue Knob, Jacob 243 W. 48th Street Koelle, Charles 423 E. 15th Street 8AU8AOB MANVFACTUBSRS. New York dtj (Continaed). Kohout, A 326 £. Tlst Street Kopf, Albert 506, Ist Avenue Kroetz, Charles 996, Ist Avenae Kunuch, Oagta? 85 Stanton Street Langer, Leopold 51 Delanoey Street Levithan, M 126 Ludlow Street Liginger, O. F 765, 9th Avenue Lnstgarten, O 44 Delancey Street Mann, Frederiok. 147 E. Houston Street Mase, John 146 Bleecker Street Meier ft Oetsog Orand Street Meier, B 64 Avenue Metsger Bros 55th Street and 2d Avenue Morgenstem, Morris 202 Rivington Street Mostovnitxky, D 74 Delancey Street New York Tripe Co W. 39th Street Nichthanser, B 21 Baxter Street Paarmann, Herman — .199 Allen Street Peisachowitz, Moses 35 Canal Street Peiser, Albert 1361, 3d Avenue Poster & Aronson 61 Mott Street Becht, Bosenbaum ft Co .419 E. 77th Street Beiggers, O 3085, 3d Avenue Beime, C. F 2332, 3d Avenue Rpiss, O 583^ 11th Avenue Benver, John 276 Broome Street Binchter, A 3411, 3d Avenue Bippe, Nathan 191 Division Street Bobl, A 516W.37th Street Bohe Bros 266 W.' 38d Street Rohe * Bro. 588 W. 88th Street Boland, Philip 3377, 3d Avenue Boss, William P 270, 7th Avenue Buppuoht, W 405 W. 53d Street ». E. 7l8t Street )6, Ist Avenue 6, Ist Avenae litanton Street elanoey Street Ludlow Street 5, 9th Avenue >elancey Street louston Street Meeoker Street .Grand Street ,.64 Avenue C md 2d Avenue ivington Street )elancey Street W. 39th Street L Baxter Street »9 Allen Street )6 Canal Street (61, 3d Avenue 61 Mott Street E. 77th Street )85, 3d Avenue iS2, 3d Avenue 3^ 11th Avenue Broome Street 111, 3d Avenue Division Stieel; W. 37th Street i W.' 38d Street NT. aoth Street 377, 3d Avenue 170, 7th Avenue 5 W. 63d Street 8AVSA0B MANUFACTUBBBS. ^ New York City (Continued). Scheisheimer & Neuburg .209 E. Houston Street Schuck, Charles »»^' .^^^ ^^^^t Sohwartweich, Meyer «33 Divmon S ree Silberman,B ;: \;^^ ^'" !r Silberman,D 24 Delancey S ree Simon, Abraham '".^T^ If" Sollender, Isaac 154 Rmngton Street Thomas, A *''^'S!'^ Turner, ?.F ^^^^^'JSI'^ ^^,j^ \ 426E. 73dStreet Webber, Richahl laoth Street and 3d Avenue Wertheimer,! .654 E 5th S ree Wert., Frederick «^ ^T' ^*'^! Widrewitz & KroU 93 Essex Street Wolber, Philip 546, 9th Avenue Wol', George ' • ^^^r »? ^If"! Wolf, Young Louis 258 Rmngton Street Zimmermann,M 3l8 E. Houston Street Dietz & Kraft 139 Union Street, Poughkeepsie Haberman,C 177 Union Street, Kahler, Louis 70 Church Street, " Luger,J.C.... .-•• R°«^«»« Booheeter. Bauer, M., & Son 73 Front* Street Sown, E. AG ■^V^'tlTl Pyg- H 162 St. Joseph Street Graff, WV A.V.V.'.:.' ^* !!!"! II"^! Gniner,V... .45 Front Street Kabii,L .177 Central Avenue Po«chet,F *J^"*?*r Veltz, E • 20HanoverStrw I 918 8AU8AOB MAXUFA0TUBKB8. Rochester (Oontiniied). Veltx, J 374 St. Joseph Street Vogol, A 146 N. Main Street Wehle's, Casper, Son 50 Mumfcrd Street Zweigle, J. G 50 Front Street Kemmer Bros. 742 Albany Street, Schenectady Glioher, Jacob Lodi and Battemut Streets, Syracuse Meebold & Frey 549 N. Salina Street, Oapp, P., ft Bro 4th and Ferry Streets, Troy Pe Forest, A 97 Congress Street, " Grimm, Fred M 21 Jacob Street, " Kehn, Chas. E., & Co 24 King Street, " Kehn, Elias, A Sons 12 King Street, " Bfipp, C. W., ft Sons Down and River Streets, " Austin, D. L., ft Sons — . . .280 Odell Avenne, Yonkers Eifert, Qavid 196 Ashburton Avenne, " OHIO. GinoixmatL Alexander Bros Cormany Avenne Barth% F., Sons 335 McMicken Avenne Blackmore, Dowson ft Co 40 Vine Street Brenner, Chas 629 Coloraine Avenne Brill, Jas Cormany Avenue and Camp Wosbig Buck, W., ft Co McLean Avenue and Harrison Street Bnse, tienry .337 Sidney Avenne Bush, H. F., Packing Co 440 Vine Street Cincinnati Abattoir Co Spring Grove Avenne Davis, C, ft Co 8th aad Sycamore Streets Davis, C, Jr., ft Co 308 Broadway Dieti, H., ft Co 271 Sycamore Street Freitsch, S., Co 122 Coleman Street Oehred, Casper 911 Central Avenue liMiiiiiiij |Joaeph Street Main Street imford Street Front Street , Schenectady 'eets, Syraonae reet, " Streets, Troy Stiwt, " > Street, " J Street, " f Street, " pStreetB, " enne, Yonken enae, " •nqany Avenne If ioken Avenne 40 Vine Street leraine Avenne [ Camp Wosbig [{arriflon Street Sidney Avenne 140 Vine Street Grove Avenne 'oanuNre Streets .308 Broadway ycamore Street Doleman Street ilientral Avmue 8AUBA0E KAWUFACTUREBS. aie** Oinoinnati (Continued). Gradolf, V 11 Straight Street Haskin, R, & Co 61 Walnut Avenue Heina, Ed 518 Walnut Avenue Hempel, M 19 Bremer Street Hena, Edw 87 Poplar Street Hoffman, John Central Avenue and Baymiller Street Hnttenbaner & March 7th Street and Walnut Avenne Ittner, T 9 Branch Street Jacob Packing Co Plume and Findley Streets Kans, John 411 Spring Grove Avenne Lohrey, Jacob 49 Kendcl Avenne Meyer, H. H., Packing Co . . .Central Ave. and Linn Street Meyer ft Husohard 6 Clarkson Street Miller, J., A Co 230 W. Pearl Street Morrison, J., ft Co h Bank and Osiris Streets Ochs, John .' 10 X. S. Straight Street Poaeiner, Wm 645 Central Avenue Bans, John 411 Spring Grove Avenne BawBon, J., ft Son 300 Sycamore Street Bnnmers ft Feld 286 Harrison Avenue Bomm, J., ft Co 56 E. Pearl Street Boaner, Joe, ft Co 33Btark Street Sander, A., ft Co 17 Pehler Street Santer, Jas 66 Stark Street Schmidt, G., ft Co John and Livingston Streets Sohook, B. T 67 Harrison Avenne Schrander Packing Co Elder and Logan Streets Schroth, J. P., Packing Co, .Cormany Ave. ft Township St. Schumacher, S 567 Walnut Avenne Severet, J. A., ft Co Dayton Street Verbage, H 327 Broadway YogtH, J., ft Son 240 Colerain Avenne Weiss, Chs. 803 Freeman Avenue Zehler'a, Geo., Provision Co, ,..,., 35 Logan Street m ': aso 8AU8A0I MAirUFAOTUBIBS. Allibaoher, T Aaoher, Louis 437 Louis Street Berohtold Bros Sheriff Street Miirket Blnmsustock & Keed. . , 1630 Pearl Street Cleveland Provision Oo Decker, John Fix, E. A 401 Soovill Street Flick, J. J., Provision Co 521 Forest Avenue Hoberman ft Ilildebrandt 632 Broadway Hopwood, J 960 Lorain Street Lake Erie Provision Co Olark Avenue Mix A Co Mussell, E Nickels, Frank 131 Hamburg Street Ohio Provision Co Pappa, Charles Bofrau, Joseph Both, Carl Roth ft Olick Sohwarz, H 38 Berne Street Thoering, H 126 Wade Street Thran, F 122 Swiss Street Weissenberger, S 727 Cherry Street Weitiel, W 1225 Lorain Street Bader, A Columbus Berger, Joseph - . . . . " Bernhardt, C. L. " Blumer, Gabriel ; Brinkelmeyer, M " Claney.A Cloud, C.S Danbert, A Eckert,W 37 Louis Street I Street Market 30 Pearl Street SI Soovill Street I Forest Avenue ..532 Broadway iO Lorain Street ..Olark Avenue Hamburg Street .38 Berne Street ,136 Wade Street , 132 Swiss Street 27 Cherry Street i35 Lorain Street . Columbus 8AU8AOB MAKUFACTUBRRB. 221 OHIO (Oonti&ued). Gloochner. F. L.. 4 Co Columbus Ouenther, Rudolph • ^^ Handley & Denton Litchner, George ^^ Martin, Adam ^^ Puffer, Henry ^^ Reinhardt, C. L ^^ Sauer, Joseph ^^ Schmidt, Frederick Schneider, Ed '| Siegel, William • • • • Siepel, L •••• ^^ Taeter,H • ;•* ^^ Thnm, A : ^^ Unprodt, Frederick Zapp, Peter ' • • • • Burkhardt, Henry 21 Central Market, Dayton Runck, John 623 S. Summit Street, W. S., '| Sucher, Charles 3d Street, Weingartner, A 269 W. River Dayton View, " Gottwald, John : .• J^^^ Rittman, Charles 62? Meigs Street, Sandusky ZipfelBros 724 Water Street, " Bellman, Macher & Co 736 Summit Street, Toledo Brown, W. O., & Son 617 Monroe Street, " Kurti, Joe ..606 Summit Street, '* Meister, John '*'"".' Meyer,Cha8 612 Adams Street, Schnrts,W. H 723 S. Clair Street, " SchwartiBros 723 S. Clair Street, " Stevens, B. A Erie, Lafayette, and Lucas Sts., " Tolger, Jacob ...9-11 W. Ctair Street, " Villwock, R 1320 Cherry Street, " tM lAUBAOB MAjrUVACTURIIie. PBNNBTLYANIA. Sohaebel, Wm Allegheny City Weilinger, John " Felker & I)otta. . . . . . .6th and Northampton Sts., fiaaton Gabrell, L. C Main and Market BtreetA, Nantiooke Lape & Co 49 N. Market Street, Obonki, J. A 101 8. Main Street, " Hohappert, J " FhiladAlphia. Alber, Charles 836 Race Street Alber, Oui 248 N. 6th Street Alber, Otto 4247 Lancaster Avenue App, Ijonise 91 Washington Market Beiswanger Bros 4100 Lancaster Avenue Bellon, Augustus 2917 N. 22d Street Bildhauer, Robert 627 N. 2d Street Burok, Wm. P., & Bros 1214 N. 8d Street Faokler, Sophia 323 Norris Market Farber, Chris 2500 Federal Street Gregory, J. & S. 3d Street Market Malts, Loui« 610 S. 7th Street Morrison, Charles ; .86, 6th Street Nussle, John . .71 Washington Market Rodman, Ludwig 824 S. Front Street Schmid, Frederick 27 Southwestern Market Teitelbanm, Frank 608 S. 8th Street Twining's, Henry M., Son 1513 N. 6th Street Veit, Margaret 18 Washington Market White, Oscar W New Farmers' Market Fittstraxgh. Dnnlevy & Bros 836 Liberty Avenue Oloeokler, B. . . 1139-1133 Fenn Avenue Hanna, J. P., & Co. 643 Liberty Avenue 8AUSA0I MAirurACTVBBBS. I Allegheny City << Sta., Eaiton in, Nantiooke treet, " breet, " 826 Race Street 48 N. 5th Street Anoaater Avenue ushington Market jancaater Avenue )17 N. 22d Street 627 N. 2d Street 214 N. 8d Street 23 Norris Market 00 Federal Street 2d Street Market 510 S. 7th Street .;.86, 6th Street ishington Market 4 S. Front Street bhwestem Market 608 S. 8th Street n% X. 6th street uhington Market Fa^rmers' Market 6 Liberty Avenue 133 Penn Avenue ) Liberty Avenue Plttobaii^ (Continued). Kirkpatrick & Stevenaon 617 Liberty Avenue Hoevelt , J., A Co 820 Penn Avenue Horner 4 Co P. O. Box 686 Lohrey, Henry 472-478 Eaat Strvet Rankin, W. W 88 Irwin Avenue Rea A Co 2d Avenue and Panhandle R. R. Rimmich, A. & F Diamond Market Stevenaon, J., & Co 637 Liberty Avenue ZoUer, W., & Co Spring Qarden Street RHODE ISLAND. Piovidenoe. Glahn, E 9 Page Street Barber, W d65 Weatminator Street Leopold, G., & Co 46 Peck Street McDonoUgh, T. J 98 Lilac Street Saugy, A 367 Canal Street Schott, J. N 52 Randall Street llaaa Broa 121 Demon Street, Woonaooket IJvtie, Sylveater 142 Cumberland Street, " SOUTH CAROLINA. Nelaon A Muniemaier 617 King Street, Charleaton Seel, Louia 207 St. Philip Street, Streble, J. A Columbia TENNESSEE. Aoktormann, Leo 9-11 Carter Street, Chattanooga Frank, N Bhamotulaki, John Montgomery Avenue, " Shamotnltki & lUder 214 W. 9th Street, " '' ' ' ' ' ' " M 8AU8AOB MANUFACTUBER8. TEXAS. Beck, Robert 1616 Gouadalupe Street, AuBtin Z^, ' Tj, Brenham l''^:'\\ • ...Bryan Pockilla,E J \uL * i^.ii„a Hamm, George 108 L««««^ S reet, Mw Glauser F 2W9 Market Street, Galveston jjgjglgr \ ........ 106 Hutchins Street, Houston Rohde,' F.; & Son* 106 Central. Market, " Hoefling, William, & Son . San Antonio, UTAH. Dickinson & Marriott. . .265 ^. Main Street, Salt Lake City Hasp, John ! . . .230 W. 7th Street S., Knight & Co .101 E. ad Street ^., White & Sons Co .... . .34 W. 1st Street S.; • « « • VERMONT. . Barnes, Carlos. • .260 North Street, Burlington Rohertson,A. R.... ....247 Wiwooski Avenue, Zhl L.,' & 'son! ; : : ; : :: :i704Franklin street, Richmond Brauer, 0. L • • 'l','"''"' „ Hechler, V., Jr., & Bro .1708 Main Street, ''^ Hechter,w. J '•■",';.*•;:"■; Kastleberg, R. ....... . • • -1604 ^r^nklin Street, ^^ Saner, C. T., & Co ' WABSENGTON. CarstensBros .' .121 West Str^t Seattle Oarran ftEndiella.............. -Citizens' Marke, Masel,J.C.,&Sons,............806WesSree, Steinle, D. . ,605 West Street, Street, Austin Brenham Bryan Street, DMw Jtreet, Galveston Street, Hooston larket, ; " , San Antonio. ;, Salt Lake City treet, Burlington enne, " . ■^. . . Lynchburg Street, Richmond litreet, Street, ist Street, Seattle i' Market, " ist Street, " ist Street, " SAUSAGE XANUFACTUBEBS. 225 WISCONSIN. Cudahy Brog. Co Cudahy Weise, Max ; Fond du Lao Mai-idUff, Johld. .i..i. <..... . Janesvillo Backelmann, J. . . .31& Pearl Street, La Crosse Hartinann & Ansel i . ; . 106 E. 3d Ayenue, Madison Krueger & Co 551 W. Main Street, Pick, W. A., & Co .;....... .26 E. Mifflin Street, " Soberer, P. C. 502 State Street, " Milwaukee. Buetaw, R 1310, 3d Street ElAhner, Louis 283 Reed Street Frank, L., & Son Co 644 Market Street Gross, Frederick C, & Bros. Co Muskego Avenue Hoffmann, John, & Co. .... . .Broadway and Buffalo Street Jacoby & Richter Erauss, Joseph 420 E. Water Street Kretchmar Co. 280 Lake Street Layton & Co. . . . 86-88 W. Water Street Leister, H 629, 8th Street Loeb, Max Mordinger, Charles , Phiele, Frederick. 386, 8d Street Plankington Packing Co ....'. Ritter, Charles Sohneidler, C 454 National Avenue SchaltJt & Radlein. .......... 767, 3d Street Seidler, Carl 464 National Avenue Seyfler, C..... 583 Island Avenue Thiers, J Fsinger, F........ 302, 8d Street Weisel, J. , & Co. 609 E. Water Street Werner, Herman '. Mcl)owell Packing Co Oconomowoc J f 226 8AU8AOB MAyPPAOTUBBBB. CANADA. Ontaria Besold, Conrad 302 8. 3d Street, Hamilton Clair,R.A ,^ ' Oherrier, B ^^ Cox, William • Fearman, F. W ^^ Green, George M ^^ Lawry, T., & Son ^^ Migan, D ^, Tsluuin, Joseph „, Schroder,J.' ^S«f*°" Evans, Samuel ""f^* Kimpton & Co ^^ Leclair, ,^ Matthews, George ^/ Slatttjry & Terrance. ^^ Thorbahn, Herman • Almond, Robert Toronto Atkinson Bros ,^ Bell,A ,, Basse, Riul " ,^ Davia, William Co., The ^^ Fox Bros. & Co ^, <^riffith, Arthur ^, Herson A Co ,, Murray, C „ Park, Blaokwell & Co • ^^ Park,W. W.,Co • ; •' „ Sogers, T. J „ Bupits, E „ Schubert, WUliam ^^ SteiTle, Charles „ Wilson, C, & Son Mi SAUSAGE MAKDFACTUB1 CB8. ^>^? Quebeo. r Montreal Bourbonniere, 1j << Canada Meat and Packing Co ^^ Clark, W ' „ Carrier, C. N „ Fischer, George F „ Harper, James * ' * ,, Harper, W. H ,, Idler, W.G .; ••• „ Laing Packing and Provision Co ^ Masterman, A. S. & W. ^^ McGamy, Bland & Co ! ^^ Omevillon, Joeeph, & Co ^^ Sey,Jolm...... *.;;.:'.; ..'..Quebec Bnthman, H. G „ Buthman, B., Sr • ^, Segny, J. A Full Instructions for Sausage Making, TOGETHER WITH SELECTED RECIPES, ARE GIVEN UNDER SAUS4GB DMPARTMMNT IN THE TREATISE On Pork and Beef Packing, . IN THE HAND-BOOK SECTION OF THIS VOLUME. SEE INDEX. !,^W ' FREDERICK W. WHITE, BROKER IN Chemicals and Fertilizers, 159 PROMT STREET, - RiW YORK. ' SFBCIALTV— TAMKAOB. ESTABLISHED 1873. GEO. F. TAYLOR & BRUSH. so ]PiN» Strbbt, - - Nbw York:, CommLmtom Mtrekamtm amd BrokMm U FERTILIZER CHEMICALS And Matarlal* Q«n«r«lly. GluM, Bose, Boneblaek, Tklloir, etc. » »IJ C W K ». Firtllizir ninhctinn, desiring a test or a commercial analysis of their product, can obuin same by addressing the LABORATORY DEPARTMBNT —OF— THE N ATIONAL PROVI SIONER. OUR EXPERTS • will cladly give suggetUons aooat new machinerr, and will refer ^u to the l»«t and moat experienced makers of Driera, Cruahera, i>fesaea.eu. ^RITB TO US AT ORCB. THE HRTIONAL PROUISIOHER POBUSAIHG CO. NEW YORK: CHICAGO: PMri St., cor. Bwilmwi. ei74if Manhattan BaUding. \ff- -^i.v^.^^tiaa.itgritryy'Tr''*'''*^ ■ ratium liWFiBtDBm. m mm n m- TILanS UTEBUU. .Enfovtla Chattahoochee FertiliMng Co Eofaula Oil and Fertiliring Co ' ' / H^itsviUe HuntsviUe MiUing and Fertilinng Co « Mobile Phosphate and Chenucd^Co.,^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^.^^ T fn 113 N. Commerce Street, BannJh & Woodbridge .Biveraide Fowler&Smith ^''"t^T^t' ^Sen Gate Ftater MiUB. .215 Main Street, Ne^Gyp.um«ndFert.Co..216BuBhSt., ^^ S^l,H!^M.,&Co..80^1lS«naomeSW ^^ S^dt N., & CoJndiana and ^eTi^ ^ta, ^^ Pacific Bone and Fert. Co 614, 7th St., Down- & Griffin... North Main St An«>nk,Oc»n«^ SSl Fert. Co. 479 Water St, Bridgeport. --jijr' 232 PBBTIUZIR MAKUFACTUBBRS, BTO. OONNBOnOUT (Continued). Dickerwn, D, E Cobalt St., Ghsthun, OannMUoui Danbury Fertilifiqg Co _.p»nbury, .''. Elkworth, F .M Market St., Hartford, " Stafford, H.n .242 State St., v" Sturtevant, F. .... 216 State St. , *" " Sogers & Hubbard Co., Pamaohea LaV e, nea^ Mtddletown, " Milee, T. W MttfoTd, ** Connecticut Adaoumt Plaster Co., 10 River Street, New Haven, " Maloney, John, 217 Chatham St., " " Nuhn, F Waterville, Waterbury, " McGonigal, J. R • ■ -Dover, Delawue Evans & Co Georgetown, " Harrington, S. S Harrington, Hopkins. J. P., & Co.. " Brown, S. S., & Co • . • • -Lewes, Parvins & Williams Co; ;:...:;. . Middletown, " Draper, Davis & Co. • • -Milford, " Lond & Polk Chemical Co. Odessa, " Ross, W. M., & Co Seafoid, Delmarvia Fertilising Co .Smyrna, " Cranston, J. A., Co.l09 King St., Wilmington, Walton & Whatth Co., 203 W. Front Street, " " Darling, L. B., Fert. Co. .26 West Bay, Jacksonville, Fta. Little Bros. Fert. and Phosp. Co., 14 E. Bay, Pftine Fert. Co....... 60 W.Broadway, ** Fuller, H. A., & Sons Tampa, " rrc. ed). 1, Oaniieottottt h << •.r : J. « « B, i a. t* D, u « y. <( >ver, DeUiwuo own, « 5ton, « << BWM, « own, « ford, « l««». u lord. « yms. « gton. « « aokBonrUle, FU. .Timpft, " MBT1LIZ»« MAinJgA CTUBBBB, OTC. 9M „ ,.,. . iC Albany, 0«. Albany Fertilwmg Co ...Athens, " |^r'^;Mig:co:;;:^^uy.^ ;; a -.K A A 45 Gate City Bank, S'tlt Oh-VA.-.l Library Bldg., 8th St., Angu-ta, ;• • Georgia Chemical Work.. . .786 ReynoldB St , Wrl\A w 1 .729 KeynoldB Street, ^SSlkipiate*Work»..Elmand8thStB,Macon. " S2Kh"'co OottonX-B^. savannah, ;; Commercial Guano Co • «« J^^ ®J^*/ „ OeorgUFertili«ngCo....l06jBaySreet, ^^ Port Royal Fert. Co. 106* Bay S^ . ^^ ^^ ?.iL'^rSUGuanoCo..lSeBay8treet, ^^^^^ ^ ?rs,^!^ :^ogd^A^^ Heller, Hir-hA Co 93 Traders^^BWg., He«BroB.& Stem... 4001 Emerald Ave Mayer, D.. & Co. . . .190 E Km«e Street, Natioma Chemical & Fertil«ing Co., 269 Dearborn Street, Northwestern Fertilising Co., , ,, « 46th Street and Centre Avenue, Spiegel, J., & Co 131JJ!<'^i8*;; ^"^'^ ' Thompson & Edwards Fertdmng Co., *^ Union Stock Yards, " Union Bendering Co., „ „ ^ -j « Exchange Bldg., U.S. Yards, White, Tho8.H.,&Co..l84VanBurenSt., " iainc^ Renderiig Co. F^nt Street, Q".^;j°yj:^^ Akin Fert. Co.. ..ad and Goodsell Sts.,Evan8vil e,IndlaBa Mehring. L. . .810 S. Meridan Sti«»t, Indianapolis, ^ Baub, E., & Sons. . .219 S. Perm St., Sterne, Wm. C. . . .416 W. Wash. St., 384 r««Tiu«wi MAKUf AOtrBBM, wo. "" INDIANA tOontliMitd). Madison FertilUing Works M«diwn, Wil«>n, J«ne. 8 • • • • • New Alb«iy, '' Carrie Fert. Oo..WMh. wid Buohwum Sts., Louisville, Ky. Qlobe Pert. Co Meriwether Arenue, " Jones, J. B., A Bro. . . . W6 Johnson Stoeet, . N. W. Fert. Co 246 W. Mwn Street, Skene, W., & Co 1601 High Avenue, Speed. J. B.,&Oo....88lW.M«in Street, " M^rmick Packing & Fertilising Co. . . .New Orlewi, lA Planters Fert. Mfg. Co . .108 Magaaine St., Standard Guano & Chemical Mfg. Co., 14 Union Street, " " Chick. E., A Co 3 Mercantile Sq., Bangor, BI«ln« On«g,J.L 7B«rtStreet, ;; « Farrar, F. S., & Co Valley Avenue, Hillier, W. S., A Co. . .4th and Parker Sts., Towle,J.C 6-8 Broad Street, « Whitney A Cameron . .2 Mercantile Square, Brackette, R. F Berwick, Cumberland Done Phosphate Co., ^ • ^ ^, _, ^, 191 Middle Street, Portland, " Linthicum,J. ,. Annapolis, IM, Ames Phosphate Chemical Co., „ ^ „ .^. 327 E. German Street, Baltimore, Atlantic A Va. Co 806 Water Street, Balthnore Butchers' Abattoir Co., Franklin Street, " ^'^ Balto. Guano Co 86 S. Charles Street, '' Balto. Pulverising Co. .217 S. Charles St., " ^^ BaughSonsOo 412 Exchange Street, Brown Chemical Co 289 South Street, OaribGuanoCo 88 S. Gay Street, Chesapeake Guano Co., 810-812 Equitable Building, fTC. idiMn,: Ubany, Louisville* Ky* « « I u ** Bw Orleani, Xrfk « BftDgor, BlaliM .Benriok, " , Portland, *' .Annapolis, M(U , Baltimore, " flBTlLUKR MAKUgACTUBKlta, ETC. ^W ~ "Maryland (Continued). D.Ti«>n. C. H. & ^'^l'^,^^^^,^ Building. Baltimore, Md. Davison, Wm., A Co Fireman's Bldg., Detrick Fert. and Ohem. Co., ^^ ,^ Chamber of Commerce Bldg., ^^ Eqnitable Fert. Co 221 Bo^»«! ^»^»'^' ^ Scelsior Guano Co 239 South Street Farmer's Fert. Co 113 8. 0»y »*«« ' .. Fleming's Guano Co 26 South Street, Heller, Hirsh & Co... 411 Exch«ige Place Haohtel, John C 106 S. Gay Street. La«retto Guano Co.. 36 S.Homday Street, ^ Listens Chemical Co. .403 Exchange Place, Maryland Fert. & Mfg. Co., 30 S. HoUiday Street, Monumental Chemical Co! . .806 Water St., '' ;; MountAiry Mfg. Co... 109 Commerce St., Patapsco Guano Co . .36 S. IloUiday Street. PowellFert. andChem. Co., Patterson's Wharves, Basin Pert. Co., „ „ 35 Chamber of Commerce Building, Smith Ames &Sons...920-926E. 1st Ave., ' Susquehanna Fertilising Co. 10 Firemans' Bldg., Taveau, A. L., & Co 83 S. Gay Str^t, ;; White,Thoe.H..&Co..l04 0ommeroeSt., Wooldridge Fert. Co.. 1728 Thames SUee^, Ti-ii anunn Oo 32 South Street, Zell Guanouo Chestertown, " Oaoy, W. H ,, « janbbard T R^, & Son ....Frederick," Ty»n, J., ASon H*«»Hitown " Huyelt & Zentmeyer Hagerstown, ^^ iMtblider Bros mm^^^^^^: 936 rUTIMKIR MAKUf ACTURKR8, ITO. MARYLAND (Oonti&UMl). Sohindel ft Co Hagerato Simmons, J. D Thomas, 1>. A Klivefelter, H. H. ft W. E Havre de Grace, •' White, O. W SaliBbury, •« Laoey, Wm Bnttonwood Koad, Amesbnry, Doane, J. M. ft R. L Athol, Bnrgess ft Ray Attleboro, Allison, Stroup ft Frost, 83 Equitable Building, Boston, Bowker Fertilizing Co. . .43 Chatham Street, Bradley Fertilising Co 92 State Street, Breok, J., ft Sons (Inc.). .49>52 X. Market, Clark's Cove Fert. Co 92 State Street, Cleveland Dryer Co 92 State Street, Common Sense Fert. Co 205 A Street, Cumberland Bone Phosphate Co., 92 State Street, Dow, J. C, ft Co 14 Chatham Street, Eastern Fertilizing Co 96 Milk Street, Felsom, B. F., ft Co 17 Milk Street, Geiler, C. W 116 Broad Street, Haines, J. P 64 Kilby Street, Live Oak Phosphate Co. .82 Devonshire St., North Byrd Construction Co. . .92 State St, JStotth Paoldng and Prmrlakm Oa, 88 4 84N. Mftiktt Boston, BKua Pacific Guano Co 22 Broad Street, " " Quinnipac Fertilizing Co.... 92 State Street, <' " St. Helena Phosphate Co 22 Broad St., ** ** Squira, J. P. , Ik Oa , 89 4 40 N. Iburket St, Borton, MMk Standard Fertilizing Go 92 State Street, " ** Tucker, H.P 13 Doane Street, " «* Williams ft Clark Fert. Co. .92 State Street, ** ** re. g^ratown, Md. i de Grace, " .Salisbury, " lesbnry, llMi ..Atbol, " ttleboro, " , Boaton, " Borttm, <« <( now fMTILWBR MA»UFACTUB«R«, «TC. MA8SACHUBBTTS (Continued). 87-89 Oha»l«»town Bireei, "o"^**' NorrU, Wm. U.. 4 Son.ad and Spruce St... Chel-oa, ^^ MacLu..* Window.. 33^^^^^^^^^ .. . S'^Jw. * Daw il6 Central Street. LowoU. " Bartlett & Daw ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ .. u Butman, J. M.^. Jj Tborndike St., " " S^1"b1 ■ ■ ." * . tJarti. Wharf, Medford. Ooodndge BroB . . . ... • ^ St.. New Bedford, Olark'8 Cove Guano Co. 37 IS. water o*., Hart&AiVen 168 S. Water Street. Herwm, Theo., & Co., .. ^.^, 11-13 Commercial Street. ^ J.,era. John G ■ .-< « > « " > « « > « « > [elena, M " rer, " ue, Albany, N. Y. ^ay, ■ " A-msterdam, " il, Brooklyn, " ^, NEW YORK (Continued). 0.kfie.dFertm»rC« ^^^^^ l l Ko88'''f-; ...Caledonia, " W"8°"'J:,f^ ■.'.... Canajobarie, " Betts Phihp... Canastota, " Stebbins, Mrs. C. E ^^^^^^ .. Hair, Uriah. ' ;;;.;. ".Jamaica, " ^^'^:::':::^^^^^'>^^'^'^' ;; Dixon, Matthiw . .11 Borden Ave., Lennon, J. T. . . .Ul Borden Ave., Peters, J. .1 39 Bordep Ave., Preston Fertilizer Co. . .».»• Ave., ^ ^^ Smith, CD 66 Borden Ave., Wyckofl, A 83 Borden Ave., „ ... , « Hluock.DuryeaFertilizerCo... • • ; ; ; ;^M^^f„; . St'tiLco:::::62 William street. New York City Allison, Stroup & Frost . .2?3 B™^^' Baker, H. J., & Bro. . . .93 Wilham Street, Barren Island Fertilizer and Oil Works, 32 Burling Slip, Bowker Fertilizer Co .... 29 Beaver Street, Campbell, Joseph.... 5» Wall S reet Chamber, H. F. S ' ^^.^f ^*'^*' Chicopee Guano Co !*<> M««de" Lane, Chirk'sCove Fertilizer Co. . .81 Fulton St., Ooe, E. Frank, Co 133 Front Street, Davidge Fertilizer Co. . . .121 Front Street, Saatmans Company, «. ^ «, -, v«»ir nitv Ulh Ave. and OBth Street, New York City 240 FEBTILIZBB MANUFACTUBER8, BTC. New York City (Continued). Foote Commercial Phoaphate Co., 39 Broadway, New York tity Forrester, George B 169 Front Street, ;* , Garrigues, Charles F. . . . 163 Front Street, German Kali Works . . 93-89 Nassau Street, HeUer. HI.-. ^ Co^ p^,* street, New York City International Phosphate Co., 1 and 3 Union Square, Kinney & Co. 203 Broadway, Kuh, E. S *55 Produce Exchange, Lippmann, Clarence H. . .136 Water Street, Lister's Agricultural Chemical Works, 159 Front and foot W. 38th Street, Ludlam, Frederick 140 Pearl Street. ;' Malcotnson, Alfred S 172 Pearl Street, Manurine Mfg. Co 1001, Ist Avenue, Mapes Formula and Peruvian Guano Co., 143 Liberty Street, Natchaug Chemical Co. of New York, 135 Broadway, New York Fertilizer Co., „, , 130 Fulton Street, New EneUind Dressed Meat and Wool Co., . * 664 W. 39th Street, New York and Eastern Chemical Co., 135 Broadway, Oneonta Fertiliser and Chemical Co., 66 Broad Street, . Pacific Guano Co 81 Fulton Street, Peck, Henry A., & Co., ^^ 1st Avenue, comer E. 38th Street, Quinnipiao Co 83 Fulton Street, ;; EeadFertaizerCo., 88 Wall Street, „ HBMA^^iJl^^&^AKM^M FERTILIZER MANUFACTURERS, ETC. 241 , New York City ew York City t, t. <( t, (< t, <( B, << t. Jt, <( ►•» Bt, « Vf, « «t, . « let. (( »t, <( set, « Bet, « New York City (Continued). Salmon, Hamilton H., &_Co. ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^ Schwar.8child & Sulzberger Co., Ist Avenue and 45th Street, Smith'8, Carl, Son 18 East Street Stearns Fertilizer Co 80 Pine Street Taylor, Geo. F., & Brush. . .80 Pme Stree , Terraceia Phosphate Co. ... 76 Wall Street Weidingev,Paul f,^^! ?ri' White, F.W '''frp'fsin White, Thomas F 11 «S' Wilkinson & Co 54 William Street, Williams & Clark Fertilizer Co., ^^ 81 Fulton Street, North Parma, N. Y. SrT' ; w ■ U2^iu cVntrai Avenue, Peekskill, " ^^rVX'^^OTremont St Rochester, ;; ^:::;Fe,^Uze;Co*'!7l35l.ckStr^ ;; FLter,D.H 100 S. Clinton Stjj^, ^^ ^, Bead Fert. Co 5 Jersey Bf««« ^f^;;^^, ^roy. " NoveltyBoneWorks ^-^^^^J-.'^tutii " Stoppenbeck, H ;;; .Albany Street, " " S!T'i^ 24 Mann Building, " '' Sh«fer,M.A.^.,..^ Burlington, N. C. Iseley, W. C. * A- A Durham, " Durham Fertilizer Co ... ... • • • • • • • • • n-iei«h. " Coreleigh Phosphate and Fertilizer Co .Baleigh, ^*^""^Xr;:*Bi and Water Streets, Wilmington, ;; S^ce^Xr c;:::::::::: w^^^^^ Aiuance, o. Ke^Bros .1^-21 Mechanic Avenue, Hi FRSTILIZER MANCFACTUBER;^, KTC. OHIO (Continaed). Granen> J. C 205 E. Market Street, Alliance, O. Pato, F. J Freedom Ave. & Warehouse St., " " Silver, A. 8. . Prohibition Alley, near Main St., " " Tingle, A. H Cambridge, ", Canton Fertilizer Co 8 X. Market Street, Canton, " Ham, M., & Co 22 W. Main Street, Chillioothe, <' Anderson, V. D., & Co Landon Street, Cleveland, " Bradley, F. , Co. . . 201 Society for Sav. Bldg. , " " Cincinnati Sanitary and Fertilizer Mfg. Co., " " Cleveland Dryer Co.. Fert. Exchange Bldg., " " OraflMlll Ohemioal Co OleveUuid, Oi Stadler, J. L. & H., Newbnrgh and Jennings Streets, " " Western Union Chem. Co. .160 Summit St., '< " Flick, J. J., Provision Co. . . .521 Front St., " " Fovargne, F. P St. Clair and Doan Sts, " " Harriok, Harris ft Co . . Barber and Mill Sts. , BojaX Fertilizer Co 112 Public Square, " " McCallnm, James, ft Co 329 E. 3d Street, Dayton, " Rauh, E. , ft Sons. N. Findlaj Street, " " Starr, C. A 131 S. Wayne Avenue, " " Vaughn, Bonsall ft Co. ..... 101 Newgarden St., Salem, " Jarecki Chemical Co Ist Street, Sandusky, ** Springfield Fert. Co 265 E. High St., Springfield, " Rassel, N., ft Sons Park Street, Toledo, " Kaercher, F. A Youngstown, " Kaercher, H. D " " Metzger, F. C " " Smith, George S Alaska Oil ft Guano Co. . .43 Concord Bldg., Portland, Ore. Czarnioki, E. L., ft Son 43, 1st Street, Allegheny, Pa. Scientific Fert. Co 286 North Avenue, " " Walker, Stratman ft Co. (Inc.) .. 47, 3d St., " " AUentown Mf^. Co. . .626 Hamilton Street, Allentown, " ETC. J eet. Alliance, 0. it. « St., « .Cambridge, 1 vet, Canton, (i , Chillicothe, «<- it, Cleveland, « « « '., « r « •> « . .Olevelaiid, a », « t. << t., <( ts. « 8., « re, " « treet, Dayton, <( treet, " « dnne, " « Bn St., Saleui, « let, Sandusky, <( ., Springfield, « Etreet, Toledo, <( .Youngstown, « « « (( « « (( ;., Portland, Ore. k, Allegheny, Pt. >, 'uxtio G. P. Spencer .' " W DELAWAR1B. - C. B. Carter J r»3J„ vare A. Kelley & Co Wil ain($u)n G. Krautter •' ' DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Jewell & Co W, comer Ist Street, Wonhington Weaver, Kengla & Co 3244 Water Street, " OSOBOIA. Georgia Soap Co 33 Thompson Street, Atlanta Exchange Soap Co 7 Columbus Eureka Co Macon Farmers' Oil and Fertilizer Co. ... Madison W. Hone & Co , Savannah u mn 252 SOAP AND CANDLB MAKUFA0TUBER8. ILLINOIS. N. Y. Wjnslow Bloomington B. T. Babbitt 39 N. State Street, Chicago S. A. Baker & Co 54 W. Division Street, Buttermilk Toilet Co 26 Bialto Building, " , Colgate & Co 89 Lake Street, " I. L. Cragin & Co 246 Lake Street, " Crofts & Reed 242 S. Robey Street, A. Curtis & Co 46 W. Quincy Street, " Dobbins Soap Mfg. Co 246 Lake Street, " Dougall Bros Division Street, " The N. K. Fairbank Co 60 Wabash Avenue, " E. W. Fairchild & Bro 118 Michigan Street, " C. Fisch 57 Willow Street, " Fitzpatrick Bros 424 S. Canal Street, " Globe Soap Co 21 River Street, " Graham Bros. 421 W. Lake Street, " Haas & Humbolt 26 Churchill Street, " Holman Soap Co 1069 James Avenue, " Merchants' Soap Co 32d Avenue, " Kendall Mfg. Co 216 W. Vanbnren Street, " J. S. Kirk & Co .352 N. Water Street, " E. Morgan's Sons 8 Wabash Avenue, " Oberne-Hosick Co Kingsbury Street, " The Proctor & Gamble Co .31 Michigan Ave., " Jas. Pyle & Sons 33 S. Water Street, " F. M. Sohaub & Sons 33 S. Water Street, " G. A. Schmidt 405 North Avenue, " C. H. L. Sender 85 Dearborn Street, " Union Soap Co 195, 5th Avenue, " W. Wrigley, Jr. , & Co 157 Kinzie Street, ' ' M. Werk Soap Co .^ 33. S. Water Street, " A. B. Wrisley 479, 6th Avenue, " G. A. Wrisley 36 Fullerton Avenue, " IBRS. . Bloomington ' Street, Chicago Street, j i ni i i (ii Mi i» g»" SOAP AND CAXDLE UAKUFA0TUBBS8. 253 ILLINOIS (Continued). The Soap Construction Co Chicago J. R. Burks & Co Dandlle F. N. Brown Elgin D. Hoover Freeport P. P. Brnnner Galena Ji W. Graham Jacksonville J. Henders. Ottawa E. W. Burt & Co Peoria Mexican Amhole Soap Co " G. A. Shoudy Soap Co Rockford Wamock & Ralston Rock Island E. B. Shnrtleff Sycamore N. Davis Urbana INDIANA. N. Huddleston Dublin Melzer & Co Evansville Summit City Soap Co. . . . « Fort Wayne E. C. Andrews & Co Indianapolis Atkins Soap Co. " J. A. Hunt Soap and Chemical Co " M. J. Olds Rirk & Sons " M. & J. Schnaible ^ Lafayette W. Heppe .Logansport Shore, Brackett & Co Rochester IOWA. Atlantic Soap Co u- Atlantic 0. Mathes Burlington C. Anthony Cedar Rapids W. Dnnkhorst Davenport J. C. Matthes & Bro I i I 254 SOAP AND CAKDLE MANUFACTURERS. IOWA (Continued). ^ Dea Moines Soap Works E. 3d Street, Des Moines Jas.. Beach & Son Dubuque Hawkeye Soap Works Fort Madison N. Blom Keokuk C. H. Tondro Mason City Uaskins Bros. & Co. Sioux City A. W. Morrill Waterloo KANSAS. Morse Soap Co Atchison Kansas City Soap Co Kansas City R. S. Craig Leavenworth R. M. Sheldon Ottawa KENTUCKY. Kentucky Refining Co 2033 Shelby Street, Louisville A.Klung 1651 Story Avenue, " Wood-Haworth Co 702 Cawthom Street, ♦* Cornwall Bros ' • - LOUISIANA. Gates & Veazey New Iberia Commercial Soap C. & S. Mfg. Co. (Ltd.) 80 Magazine Street, New Orleans J. EUerbusch 464 S. Liberty Street, ' ' A. F. L. Honold Louisa Street, J. H. Keller's Soap Works .... 110 Gravier St., " ' J. C. Kiirchberg Washington Avenue, H. W. Knieper Lafayette Street, " L. Kcker........ 4th Street, " RER8. reet, Des Moinea Dabnque . . Fort Madison Keokuk — Mason City Sioux City Waterloo Atchison ...Kansas City . . Leavenworth Ottawa Street, Lonisville ivenne, " Street, " .New Iberia reet. New Orleans reet, " reet, '• rSt., hue, " reet, " reet, " Miiww i M in n) «i i i» n Wi l li. ;0A? AND CAKDLE MANUFACTURERS. 266 MAINK J. C. Whitney Auburn W. Hellier Co Bangor A. H. Jones. " Carville SoAp Oo Biddeford B. Libby Lebanon F. J. Hewins Manchester I. E. Sherburne Milo D. Pike Norway J. Carney Portland E. D. Lunt & Co " Edward Nixon " Portland Soap and Chemical Co " A. Small Bichmond IfABYLAND. James Armstrong & Co 115 Concord Street, Baltimore Barry Bros. & Co 602 Buren Street, " J. J. Lang & Co 421 W. Pratt Street, " C. Dipps HoUins Street, Sillman & Myers Co 8 S. Howard Street, " Union Soap Co 211 N. Arch Street, " MASSAOHUSETITS. O. Boardman Amesbury O. J. Bigelow Athol H. A. * L. J. Thompson " 0. Livingstone. Ayer S. H. Atherton Bemardston B. T. Babbitt 50 Centr^ Street, Boston Bamy&Co 283 Franklin Street, " 0. F. Bates Co 123 Oliver Street, " D. Blanohetti . . . , Hyde Park Avenue, " Boston Soap Co 234 Commercial Street, '' ? 256 SOAP AND CANDLE MANUPACTUBER8. MASSAOHUSKTTS (Continued). Canton Mfg. and Bleaching Co. . .322 Congreas St., Boston Childs & Childa 4 Commercial Street, " A. H. Cobb & Co 97 High Street, " N. Collamore 4 Charlestown Street, " i Commonwealth Soap Co 458 Federal Street, " Curtis, Davis & Co 136 State Street, " J. 0. Davis & Son 3 Chatham Street, " Dobbins Soap Mfg. Co 144 State Street, " X. Earl 232 Dorchester Avenue, " N. K. Fairbakk Co 234 State Street, " Ford & Dennen 16 Thayer Street, " Granite City Soap Co 98 Commercial Street, " Gunn's Bristol Soap Co 133 Pearl Street, " Hoxie Mineral Soap Corp'n. . . .261 Washington St., " C. G. Hutchinson 113 Water Street, " C. L. Jones & Co 30 Commerce Street, " Marvelo Compound Mf^^. Co 118 Water Street, " The J. Morrill, Jr., Co 8 Commercial Street, " J. F. Morse & Co 66-68 Norfolk Avenue, " E. Nathan 'J'l Prentiss Street, " N. E. Soap Co 248 Congress Street, " Oakley Soap and Perfumery Co ... 67 Chauncey St. , " Proctor & Gamble Co : • • 190 State Street, " Band & Byam. Charles Street, Charlestown, " Robinson Bros. & Co 250 Devonshire Street, " Schultz & Co 8 Broad Street, " H.R. Stevens 464 W. Broadway, " Warren Soap Mfg. Co 143 Federal Street, " G. F. Whitney 69 Long Wharf, " E. A. & W. Winchester 3 Chatham Street, " M. Wing 225 Congress Street, " Osbom A. & Co 25 Central Wharf, " Carr Bros • Cambridgeport ER8. ued). ■688 St., Boston Street, r< Street, << Street, " I Street, « 1 Street, tf Street, (< 1 Street, <( A. venue. << » Street, (( • Street, << Street, (< 1 Street, <( (ton St., r Street, <( (t 9 Street, << r Street, <( i\ Street, <( Avenue, « a Street, « 8 Street, (( acey St., B Street, tt lestown. « B Street, << i Street, « roadway, 1 Street, r Wharf, « I Street, « B Street, if 1 Wharf, << .Cambridgeport ■n SOAP AND CAXDLK MAyUFACTUBERS. 257 MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). Ourtis, Davi8 & Co Cambridgeport J. 0. Davis & Son " T. M. Davis " J. Dolan " J. 0. Dow & Co «« 0. L. Jones & Co " Kemp, Lysander, & Sons Broadway, " J. Reardson & Sons " P. H. Teele " W. H. Norris Chelsea P. W. Sawtelle & Co , " E. B. Pond Clinton J. Henihan . .• Dedham Aug. Hallett Dennis Z. C. Doty Everett Hargraves Mfg. Co ,' Fall River J. Winward " Cowdin & Walker Pitchburg M. A. Torrey & Co Foxboro' R. Sommers ^ , Franklin 0. Smith G^rgetown John C. Wilkina & Co. " A. Marchant & Son ; Gloucester Jesse 0. Newton Greenfield A. S. Willard Hadley Beaoh Soap Co ^t Haverhill E. Metras & Co W. H. Abbett Holyoke Main Balaam Fir Co Hyde Park Stackpole & Son ' Ipswich J. H. Whalen Lancaster Beach Soap Co Lawrence J. Glennie & Co " I 268 SOAP AKD CANDLE MANUFACTUBKllS. MASSACHUSETTS (Continued). " C. G. Kimball & Co ■ Lawrence D. C. Mann, .i ScoUay&Rioh ' W. N. Dickinson I^^«" D. Whithed J. Hamson & Son • .Lynn C. E. Marsh & Co John 0. Sargent • • " ' « ,j J.W.Cobb Mansfield Jinks Soap Mfg. Co A. S.Shepard.. " Goodrich Bros. Bedford J.Mann •-^^"l^T! C.H.Gibb8 Nantucket S.Emerson i;*';. f?!^ Bryant & Brett New Bedford George M. Grossman T. Hersofti & Co M. F. Whittemore " A. Stanwood&Co.... • Newbnryport E.S. Barrett Northampton V. P. Converse (West Farms), R. F. Richardson " J.D.Sawyer •P"J°»f J. N. Bnrbeck Peabody B. ^. Winchester • • • • " C.W.Kelsey - ViiUMi C. F. Bates Mfg. Co • -^.T^y J.A.Torrey .Rocldand A. Cardinal .•.Shrewsbniy James&Son Somemlle G.W.Norton „ . " „ L. Cooley • Spnngfield tERS. ned). . . . Lawrence Lowell « Lynn tt . . . Mansfield <( << . .. .Medford . . . Montague ..Nantucket Natiok . . . New Bedford « « ** . . . Newbnryport ...Northampton 18), « Palmer Peabody Pittsfield Quinoy .Rockland . . ; . Shrewsbury Somenrille tt Springfield SOAP AKD CAXDLE MANUFACTURERS. 259 MASSA0HUBBTT8 (Continued). Pisk Mfg. Co Springfield Fiske & Allen CapitolMfg. Co Brightwood, D. R. Barlow Sturbridge E. Kelley W. Bassett Taunton H. N. White P. M. Jefferson & Co Tewkesbury D. Whithed Boynton & Williams Wales L. Gilbert Ware G. H. Rand '... . .Warren Warren Soap Mfg. Co Watertown A. Elliott Worcester J. A. McKinstry CharlesP. Rugg ' " M. W.Smith MICHiaAN. A. Birk Ann Arbor Calver Brothers Bay City Valley Soap Co " Detroit Soap Co 26th Street, Detroit J. Hartness Soap Co 125 Hendricks Street, " J. Metmer & Co 194 Michigan Avenue, " Schulte & Bro Rivard Street, " Sohulte Soap Co. 945 Woodbridge Street, " J. J. Hurley .Flint Grand Rapids Soap Co Grand Rapids Central City Soap Co T Jackson C. Brand & Co Lansing H. F^flsolt Saginaw H. 0. Reineoke " j-.sM? 8fl0 80AP AWD CANDLE MANUFAOTUBBRg. MINNESOTA. American Soap and Chemical Co Minneapolis Northwestern Soap Co. .411 S. E. Main Street, N. Olson&Co 2619 S. 9th Street, Minnesota Soap Co 202 Eagle Street, St. Paul, Twin City Compound Mfg. Co. .410 Cedar Street, " MIBBOUBI. E. P. Dresser Soap Co., 29th Street and S. W. Boulevard, Kansas City Inter-State Soap Co 1608 Main Street, Mexican Root Soap Co ... . 1023 E. 19th Street, Peet Bros. Mfg. Co 101 W. Levee Street, S. Poteet Kirkwood Street, " Bobinson & Co Mexico L. P. Bresch & Bro 403 De Soto Avenue, St. Louis Herman Eidenhardt 101 N. 2d Street, N. K. Fairbank Co S. 3d Street, H. F. Franke 108 S. 4th Street, " Goodwin Mfg. Co. (Candles) .3332 Chouteau Ave., " J. C. Haas Soap Co 802 Washington Street, " Schaefler Bros. & Powell Mfg. Co. M&-7 N. 2d St., Theomer & Schulenberg 610 N. Main Street, Wm.Waltke&Co 2d Street, NEBRASKA. Churchill & Sargent Lincoln Amer. Neftilene and Natural Soap Co. .Bange Block, Omaha J. S. Kirk & Co 611 S. 13th Street, " W. A. Page Soap Co 115 Hickory Street, ", P. J. Qnealey Soap Co 2806 Walnut Street, " NEW HAMPSHIRE. H. S. Kelsey Claremont 0. Barker Concord aiMMi IBRS. . ..Minneapolis eet, street, St. Paul, Street, " ird, Kansas City •eet, 'eet, reet, reet, Mexico venue, St. Loiiis Street, Street, Street, a Ave., Street, 2d St., Street, Street, << << << << <( << (( (< , Lincoln ige Block, Omaha 3th Street, " Lory Street, ", nut Street, " , . Glaremont ...Concord 80AP AND CANDLB MANUFACTUBBR8. 261 I NEW HAMPSHIRE (Continued). L. W. Robinson \'l,["\ O.N.French Penacook Street, R. G.Morrill Penacook Street, G. W. Rand Beach Soap Co W. Ridley J. W. Tilton E. & N. Worden J. Lougee J. H. Parker J. N. Auger J. S. Holt & Co Barrett & Wilson W. S. Keith C. A. Wallingford .••;• ,, S. G. Chamberlin.'. . . . .• (Milton Mills), '' E. P. Marsh • ••?.«^°J H.E.Robey •^•?***'v H.J.Freeln Portsmouth W.H. Haskell ^^^^' John Whipple • • H. D.Smith Sanbomton Concord Derry Dover ....Exeter . . . Hinsdale . ..Lebanon (( .Manchester << Mason ....Milford Milton NEW JERSEY. ^■^^- .•.■.■•.••rs" J. Baxter „ Camden and Phitedelphia Soap Co •••;•••• nu„ BiUington Bros 299. l** Street, Jersey City coigatekco.... ^''\^^'' ;; Oakley Soap and Perfumery Co 308, 9th »t., Stenken & Bran 241 Newark Heights, " Q Parnell • •• MountHoUy A Heller " " 279 Plane Street, Newark iei BOAP AND OANDLB MAKUFAOTURERS. NEW JERSEY (Continued). J. C. Lyon 4 Commercial Street, Newark Alpha Soap Co Vmuaw M. H. Duffy PaterBon Kiverside Soap Co " ' J. T. Conkling & Son Somerville Davig Bros Trenton 0. T. Neldt & Co " NEW YORK John M. Christian & Bros. . . .42-44 Delaware Ave., Albany D. Costigan 168 Canal Street, " C. Ten Eyck Chapel Street, " Binghamton Soap Works Binghamton A.Ives H. E. Parmelee Amalga Soap Works 86 Sedgwick Avenue, Brooklyn Borax Soap Works 711 Kent Avenue, Domestic Mfg. Co 98 West Street, Friedman-Doscher Co 108 Raymond Street, " C. 8. Higgins Co Park Avenue, " Higgins Soap Co 660-2 Atlantic Avenue, " Kirkman & Son 46-^2 Bridge Street, J. Lins 33 Bartlett Street, " J. McCarthy sa''' Columbia Street, Oil Soap Co 298 Gold Street, D. Pringle 66 Albany Avenue, " Rutherford & Barnes 320 Driggs Street, Smith & Oetlinger Co 67 George Street, Thurber, Whyland Co 390 Smith Street, " Leflerts Vanderbilt 14 Water Street, R. W. Bell Mfg. Co 77 Washington Street, Buffalo The Dingman Soap Co 2-4 Lock Street, " W. H. Edson 60 Edson Street, '* :r8. ). street, Newark .PasMio Patenon << .... Somerville Trenton « B Ave., Street, Albany << Street, << ..Bingham ton . . <( , . << 9nue, Brooklyn mue, << reet, (( treet, « mue. n snue. K breet. tl treet, << reet. (( .reet. <( tnae. << .reet, « breet. << reet. (< reet. << Street, Buffalo Street, II Street, t* SOAP AND CANDLE MANUfACTUUBUH. 263 NEW YORK (Continued). QowanH St Son* Chicago Street, Buffalo J. Harris Mfg. (Jo 867 Ellicott Street, " A. Hoef ner. 162 Van Kenaaelaer Street, " Hoffeld 4 Co 67 Carroll Street, " J. D. Larkin & Co 659 Senecu Street, " Lautz Brofl. & Co 'i%-U Hanover Street, " J. McComb 176 Strauas Street, " W. Roper 1391 Niufc^ira Street, " Rice & Robinson Soap Co 261 Seneca Street, " Am. Soap & Washoline Co 140-180 Central Av., Cohoes Cohoea Soap Co ** P. W. Grant " P. BiggH Elmira B. Draper Glens Falls Willett & HoUett Glovenville A. Gibson . . .Kingston Mrs. P. MoCormick (Rondout), " Middletown Soap Co Middletown B. B. Oakley Newbnrg American Progrecsive Product Co. (Ltd.), 34 Front Street, New York City Am. Soap and Washoline Co . . 1 15 Pearl St., " The Andrews Soap Co 318 Broadway, " B. T. Babbitt . . .64-84 Washington Street, " Blondeau & Co 73 Watts Street, " 'David S. Brown ft Co 8 Thomas Street, " Carbolic Soap Co 230 Pearl Street, " Childs & Childs (Bon Ami) .95 William St., " Colgate & Co. 55 John Street, " W. H. Daggitt 124 Jane Street, " Dobbins Soap Mfg. Co. . .77 Barclay Street, " K. K. Fairbank Co. ... . Produce Exchange, " Fay Bros 92 Monroe Street, •* ) . NEW YORK (Continued). P. Foeney 621 W. 15th Street, New York City FeU 4 Co 5)38 Broadway, " Oaunt & Janvier 366 Canal Street, •' W. Haskell 414 W. asth Street, J. G. Hay & Co ft. 38th Street, " Holbrook Mfg. Co 470 Washington St., " J. E. Luscomb 638 W. 84th Street, J. McGee 618 W. 39th Street, Enoch Morgan's Sons Co 489 West St., " N. Y. Soap Works 6 Desbrossea Street, " The Packer Mfg. Co 81-83 Fulton St, " Proctor & Gamble Co 5 Worth Street, " J. Pyle & Sons 486 Greenwich Street, " D. 8. Quimby 80 Vesey Street, J. T. Rapelje 464 Washington Street, " G. Reichard 639 W. 43d Street, Riverside Soap Co 80 Piatt Street, " Rosenblatt & Co 6 DesbrosStes Street, " Sohultz 4 Co. . 164 Franklin Street, " Scourene Mfg. Co 419 8th Street, " N. Sheldon & Co 164 Chambers Street, " C. W. Smith 181 Elisabeth Street, " Smith & Oetlinger Co. .861 Greenwich St., " J. Stanley 650 W. 30th Street, " Achille Starace 78 Pearl Street, V. L. Tenney 83 Pearl Street, *' P. C. Thompson & Co. .. .194 Franklin St., " W. & H. Walker 66 Warren Street, Thomas Brennan 1867 Broadway, Calif. Olive Oil Soap Co.. 165 Chambers St., " Elliott Mortimer Mfg. Co . . . 198 Water St., " Manhattan Soap Co. . . . 609 W. 30th Street, " Mingna Mfg. Co. . .199 W. Houston Street, " BR8. SOAP AND CANDLE MAKUFACTLRERS. 265 Jew York City « <( *$ li << « (( it u u u u «< « u u u it « It u u u tt n t< u tt tt tt tt MEW YORK (Continued). Oakley SoHp& Perfumery Co. 43 Leonard 8t., New York City E. A. Olda lUO Fnltoii Street, Theo. Hicksecker 58 Maiden Lane, Kookeaoh & Co 44 Suffolk Street, Hoyal Soap & Perfumery Co. .801 GVicli St., J. Thalheim d Co U9 Maiden I^ane, Wiueburgh Bros 111-113 Fulton Street, A. A. Wellington Oswego Dunwoody Bros Ponghkeepaie W. Scott W. Akinhead 68 Front Street, Rochester A. Metoalf 593 West Avenue, 8. Moulson 41 N. Water Street, O. W. Scott Soap Co 103 W. Main Street, 8. V. Sharp , . ..71 Alphonse Avenue, White Swan Soap Co 500 Exchange Street, Wm. D. Worden 57 W. Main Street, C. Brodock .Rome P. Schneible " A. L. Allen Salem Lascelles Mfg. Co " P. D. Whitaer Saratoga R. Merchant " White ft Quick " W. W. Bassett 914 Montgomery Street, Syracuse Echerman ft Will 406-408 Ash Street, H. Finn ft Sons 433 E. Water Street, " A. S. House 885 S. Beech Street, " 0. L. Jones ft Co 317 8. Water Street, " P. F. Murray 712 Centre Street, " Phoenix Candle Co 811 N. Alvord Street, , " Syracuse Steam Wax Works. . .811 N. Alvord St., " W. H. Ostrander 269 4th Avenue Lane, Troy i \ 5 •mmm 266 SOAP AKI> CANDLE MANUFACTURERS. NEW YORE (Contiiiued). A. Tilly. 631 River Street, Troy The Tavender Soap Co Utica Thorn & Maynard " H. F. Brahm Waterloo < D. S. Bobbins Watertown OHIO. Andrews Soap Co 233 Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati B. T. Babbitt 69 W. 2d Street, L. L. Barnes 13 Logan Street, " Cincinnati Soap Oo Clarkson Street, " I. L. Cragin 105 W. 2d Street, W. Dock & Co. 106 Coleman Street, " N. K. Fairbank Co 60 W. 2d Street, Globe Soap Co *. . .33 Water Street, Harkness & Cowing Co Eggleston Avenue, " H. G. Hunnewell 552-564 Plum Street, " T. A. Kildufl 20 Elizabeth Street, B. H. Lamping & Co. . . ! . .135 W. Canal Street, J. M. Long 43 E. 2d Street, McCassey Bros. & Co 146 E. Front Street, " W. C. McMahon 49 W. 2d Street, " Modoc Soap Co 13 Sycamore Street, " C. Muller . .231 Spring Grove Avenue, " Proctor & Gamble Co United Bank Bldg., " fl. & G. A. Roever 234 Colerain Avenue, " C. Shoenhals 4 Co Clarkson Street, " M. Werk Co. 11 Main Street, Sauhan Soap Co Leonard Street, Cleveland 'I ixe Central Mfg. Co Dell Avenue, *' Cuyahoga Rend'g & Soap Works. .Newburgh St., ** T. S. Davies 1015 Scranton Avenue, " T. Murray 86 River Street, " tERS. I V rer Street, Troy . .Utica « Waterloo! Watertown ;nue, Cincinnati reet, (< reet. t< reet. (( ;reet. " 1 • • • • . .Ashland • • . . . Bellevue Chambereburgh Erie . . . Harrisburgh << le, Philadelphia }t, <( it, << se. t( Bt, it Bt, <( et, « €t. (< et. « ig. << et. « ot, « et. (< le, << et. (( et. tc e., << et. << et, << et. « e., « et. « e.. (( SOAP AKD CANDLE MAKUFAOTUHERS. 269 PENNSYLVANIA (Coutinued). 0. Kline & Co 968 Franklin Street, Philadelphia Lautz Bros. & Co 13-15 S. Front Street, " A. Leberman 2231 N. 12th Street, " L. M. Leberman 116 Margaretta Street, " Love & Donnelly 1523 Chestnnt Street, " P. McCuUough 420 Munroe Street, " C. I. McKeone & Co 35 S. Front Street, " J. McNamee 1426 Randolph Street, " W. T. Marks 320 N. 20th Street, O. K. Soap Co 968 Franklin Street, " G. Parker 1095 German town Avenne,. " G. Printz & Sons 834 N. nh Street, Schultz&Co 2 S. Front Street, Silliman & Myers Co ... .233 S. Front Street, •' E. Smortristsky. ......... .919 Rachel Street, " P. C. Tompson & Co ...... 916 Otsego Street, " Wallace Mfg. Co 918 Vine Street, Warren Soap Mfg. Co. . .113 Chestnut Street, Wrigley Mfg. Co Wayne Junction, Gtn., " Charles W. Young & Co . . 1240 W. College Ave., Fels & Co 1151 N. 3d Street, Pittsburgh Graybnm & Co. . .Cherry and Strawberry Aves., J. D. Reiniger & Co 3018 Liberty Avenue, H. C. Sawyer Soap Co. (Ltd.) . . 2606 Pern Ave., S. Stunz & Son 708 Binghan> Street, Wilson & Gorman 199 4th A \ nue. J. N. Wolfe & Co . . . .2300-2313 Jowpci: « 3*., Pottsville Soap Works. Pottsville W. K. Leaman , . . . . Reading F. K. Miller . .. " B. A. Lynde & Sons Co , Wftnren Ahlbom Bros ........ Wilkesbarre A. Beede & Co Williamapyrt Williamsport Soap Co •* 270 SOAP AND OANDLB MANUtAOTURBBS. RHODE ISLAND. 0. M. Holmes • East Providence E. D. Jones & Son Newport James 0. Draper & Co Pawtacket White Rose Mfg. Co " Humes Mfg. Co 82 Westminster Street, Providenoe O.M.Humes 35 Wood Street, Kendall Mfg. Co Friendship Street, F S. & T. M. Lincoln Aliens Avenue, " J. R. Mathewson 15 Towner Street, B F Medbury 35 Comstock Avenue, " MileySoapCo 8 Day Street, Sannyside Washing Powder Mfg. Co., 544 Fountain Street, W fl. Place&Co 668 Eddy Street, Robinson OU Co 34 S. Water Street, " Union Oil Co 239 Tockwotton Street, Woodley & Leonard 303 Friendship Street, ^ i E- ^i^%- • .' V.V;. .; '.'.Woonsocket Mason Mfg. Co TENNS88EE. H O Williams 10th Street, Memphis 1 1 Bri^-.V. N. Collet Street, Nashville The Ente^-prise Soap Works . . . 234 N Fron tSt J. G, Pfeiffer N. College Street, TEXAS. ^ , Austin J. W. Lesser ^^^^^ Wagner, Dennie & Co ::G;»Weston TexasSoapOo ;.., .Houston A.A.F.Menger ^^^^ G. Lodmidg© tISRS. -V ■ Bast Providence Newport Pawtucket reet, Providence reet, " reet, inne, " reet, snue, " ireet, " treet, " breet, " treet, " treet, " treet, Westerly Woonsocket Street, Memphis Street, Nashville ont St., Street, . ..Austin ...Dallas Galveston . Houston ...Terrell , ,H,|l l l|l, l I , w l .MJHl, l l. l ||l ll tj l aOAP AND CANDLB MANUFACTUBBBS. 271 UTAH TERRITORY. H.Snell Salt Lake City Utah So«jp Factory VERMONT. E.Adams&Co ^''1!!'?!"" E.E.Flagg Brattleboro Moore & Whitney ^^ J. P. Liscom „ , F.W. Powers aV;^r^"'^ J.Farr St. Johiu*nry 0. L. Bennett VIRGINIA. ■u Tk.,»».n Norfolk M. Daggan ^^ Velline Mfg. Co : • • • J. M. Smith & Son ro" V^'^ 5 P Crew & Co 113 N. 17th Street, Richmond Garden, Ramon & Co . . 1446 E. Franklin Street, " J.A.ScMoch 906 Moore Street, " WASHINGTON. Seattle Soap Co •' ^*"® WEST VIRGINIA. Southern Novelty Co • Huntington WT900N3IN. Gross Bros 953 N. Water Street, Milwaukee The B. J. Johnson Co 4th Street, The McCuUough & Dixon Co . . 411 Vliet Street, Bickers & Co 52-60 3d Street, " B. Senderaauf & Co 103 North Avenue, ' • 'r^ i vs'iy^yj ^i 272 SOAP AND CANDLE MANUFACTUB EB8. -WISCONSIN (Continued). H. Sparch 5* J*«k80U Street, Milwaukee F. Trenkamp & Co 209 Michigan Street, Crystal Soap Co 226 E. Water Street, H & S. Seligmann 236 Broadway, ^ Seligmann Perfume & Soap Co . . 752 Jackson St., B. E. Lichtenheld "**'"* EB8. , > eet, Milwaukee eet. << •eet, << iray. << St., << ....Racine PORK PACKING— AB INITIO.* LIVE H0G8. The best " bacon " hog and the most profitable and satia- factory to the packer and consumer is the "Berkshire. Yet the most popular hog with the raiser, on account of his attaining a marketable weight at a much earlier age, is the « Poland China." This latter hog, corn-fed, might truth- fally be termed the "lard hog." He does not, on account of his being so quickly grown, yield as much net as his more matured brother, the "Berkshire." To those interested in raising hogs we would suggest : A little flour of sulphur administered to the hogs in any way the mos* convenient once or twice per week would go far to (if not altogether) prevent cholera and other diseases pecul- iar to hogs, and which so often destroy such large quanti- ties of them. These diseases cause no end of trouble and loss to all concerned, even to the consumer, and on one or two occasions have threatened to totally obliterate one of the most profitable and interesting industries in the country, viz. : the pork-packing industry. We call attention to mat- tors such as this on the basis that great results are attained by strict attention to matters seemingly of no importance. Especially does this apply to the pork-packing industry. A few hints to those handling hogs in hot weather would not be out of phice. Tt has always been our experience that the "first "hot days of the summer are -the most fatal to the quickly grown and weU-fattened hog. It seems to bo the rule, too, that the finesiUogsjnJhe bunch^ejhe^i^ '^"ilhi.totti)iiri<^ ««d bewta «« f«»«l«taa iv The North I-.ektag ■ad ftofWon OoMpMV ot Borton, HM«. • OovnUhM- .MtfwWuW* «*i*"^'*^ 274 PORK PACKIKO. Buccnmb. lu shipping be careful not to OTercrowd cars, and be sure to send along a reliable man to sprinkle hogs at every opportunity, and to keep them from " piling," which •term is perhaps more applicable to winter. This man should also take particular notice that he is not charged with more dead hogs than he is entitled to. In unloading, buyers and inspectors would do well to be in no hurry to weigh during the summer months, as much trouble can be averted by placing hogs in airy sheds with well- BOgged earth floors for a few hours prior to weighing. We have seen numbers of hogs die immediately after being weighed from cars, and consequently the buyer is the loser. Some shippers (including many who have had bitter ex- perience, too) are very careless in this matter of overcrowd- ing hogs in hot weather and rushing them through, hence our advice to buyer and inspector. Upon the arrival of hogs at the stock-yards they are usu- ally taken in charge by commission men to whom they are shipped, and are weighed and assorted to different weights and grades, according to the requirements of the various buyers. The customary dockages are as follows : Stags are docked 80 pounds ; pregnant sows are docked 40 pounds ; cripples, rough, and undesirable hogs are bought according to their merits or demerits. The charges are as follows : Public inspection, 10c. per car ; yardage, 8c. per hog ; corn, $1 per bushel ; commissions, $6 per car for single decks and tlO per car for double decks ; 30 head of hogs and over, 16 ; under 30 head, 15c. per head ; dead hogs are taken by stock- yards company at ^c. per pound. The inspection of hogs made by the Government inspect- ors at the scales before weighing is very close and their de- cision is flnal, nalesmen having no appeal therefrom. All badly pregnant sows, hogs with bunches, boils, etc., also hogs with cuts on the hams and shoulders, are thrown out. The above dockages, varied somewhat according to the irercrowd cars, |)riDkle hogs at Ipiling," which jr. This man |is not charged t do well to be nths, as much heds with well- :hing. We have being weighed I loser. had bitter ex- r of overcrowd- through, hence is they are usu- ' whom they are lifferent weights ) of the various Hows : Stags are ked 40 pounds ; ought according are as follows : per hog ; corn, single decks and gs and over, $6 ; I taken by stock- rnment inspect- se and their de- therefrom. All boils, etc., also xe thrown out. ccording to the PORK PACKING. 276 views of the buyer, are practised at country points, but the charges noted are not quite the same. The country packer usually figures to pay Chicago prices, less difFerence in freight and charges, and then, with an eye to outfreight and freight on supplies, etc., cuts a little more, and nsualty buys safe. Taking everything into consideration, the coun- try packer is not placed at such a terrible disadvantage as we are liable to suppose. A better understanding and less antag- onism between the country packer and local shipper would result much more profitably to both. But we are digressing. Beating or otherwise exciting or disturbing hogs should always be denounced, nor should hot or excited hogs be slaughtered while in such a condition. Much of the " sour " meats complained of could be traced to the in- fringement of this rule. Cripples should, on this very ba- sis, be killed at once, as they get worse, of course, instead of better, by being kept over. Cinders and such rubbish should be kept away from hogs about to be slaughtered. Stags and sows and u\\ belligerent hogs should be kept sepa- rate, otherwise incalculable damage to hams, shoulders, and sides will follow. The total cost of handling hogs in yards should never ex- ceed one cent per hog, feed included. By the way, never consider feeding a needless expense when holding over. It not only prevents shrinkage, but keeps the hogs quiet and less liable to excitement. In many cases much less than one cent will cover all. If hogs are kept over a few hours prior to weighing the subsequent shrinkage does not figure, as such shrinkage would be a total loss anyhow. We have always maintained that a fixed rate of not less than two per cent, should be the rule as dockage in favor of the packer when weighing live hogs, especially wagon hogs. Much depends upon the live-hog department of the packing business. Much can be gained and much loss and expense avoided by shrewd management. As we previously remarked, a strit t: attention to small matters iu this as well as other departnwnts cannot but re- sult highly satisfactorily to the pacicer. HOG-KILLINO. ' In driving hogs to sticking pens we wonld again warn those thus employed not to unduly excite them or use sticks, and wonld also particularly call attention to the use- less, brutal, and unprofitable practice of some shacklers beat- ing hogs with shackles while in the process of shackling. We have known as high as thirty per cent, of more or less bruised hams through this and other senseless practices. Everything in this department depends upon the foreman, and his absence for ever so short a period from the gang means loss to his employer on every side. It is utterly pre- posterous to assume that any killing gang will properly fulfil its duties during the absence of the foreman. They may keep up the required number per hour, but this is nothing compared to how that specified number is handled and the product therefrom, guts and casings especially. We have seen foremen stand at the gut-bench for hours, so much in- terest did they take in having this branch of the killing properly done. Let us here call especial attention to one matter so fre- quently overlooked. In stripping the small guts — ^that is, pulling them through the hands to clean out the bulk of the refuse — many men destroy more small gats than would pay ten times their wages by bunching the worms therein. Again, an incompetent or careless gutter can lose his em- ployer n great deal in scarring guts — that is, cutting the outer skin of the bung gut in turning the knife around the crown. The same incompetent hand can also, in opening hogs, destroy whole sets of guts, and this is often done, par- ■'^•^-•d^st Intion to small cannot but re- ald again warn them or use tion to the use- shacklers beat* IS of shackling. of more or less ss practices, ion the foreman, from the gang [t is utterly pre- iU properly fulfil aan. They may t this is nothing handled and the ially. We have urs, so much in- h of the killing le matter so f re- ill guts — that is, n out the bulk imall guts than hing the worms can lose his em- ' is, cutting the mife around the also, in opening often done, par- ticularly in packing-houses where the gang is addicted to " rushing." As we have already stated, the whole success of this de- partment depends upon an efficient and watchful foreman, who cannot allord to leave these im^wrtant matters to tlie tender mercies of the gang. To lay out a gang to kill a stated number of hogs is a matter well-nigh impossible to put down on paper. The facilities for fast killing vary so much in the different houses that comparisons in this case are certainly out of the question. One house can handle the same quantity of hogs in less in lialf the time taken by another, and it is also necessai- < insider the question of expense. We think that the ( > should never exceed five cents per hog in primitive huudcs, and we have known the work done as low as one cent per hog in modem houses. The following men are required in a killing gang : Shacklers, bolsters, sticker, dropper, scalder and assist- ants, machine-tender, sjKit-knockers, header, gambreller, gutters, shavers, bung-gut trimmers, small-gut pullers, tonguers, gut-split' -«. ham-facers, lard-pullers, markers and splitters, and as many assistants as the house calls for. One house, for example, might handle 1,500 to 3,000 hogs with thirty-five or forty men, another might need more, and still another might do the work with less. We know of one instance where ninety men and boys put through 900 hogs in one hour. The shackler should keep his pens well filled with hogs and do his work deftly and surely. We think the spring shackle the best and less liable to dislocate hams. The bolster will avoid jerking hogs in hoisting, and see that the bar is kept well ahead of the scald tub, giving the hogs suf- ficient time to be well bled. The sticker will avoid shoulder-sticking, as it is only through carelessness this happens. The scalder usually has his tub at 140** F., but this is purely at his discretion, as B78 PORK I'ACKINO. the condition of the hogs and the rate of killing l^as much to do witli thitt mutter, lie Boea that hii) helix^ra scald the bacl(8 and legH. There are several kinds of scraping-machines, horizontal and Tertical, but we prefer the horizontal, though some of our foremost houses use the vortical. After the hog has passed through the soroping-roaohine he is attended to by the " spot-knockers," or scrapers, who divest him of any hair missed by the machine, thence he goes to the header, tonguer, and gambreller, and thence to the gutter. Hero begins what wu might term the scientific portion of hog-slaughturing. An ox[)ert gutter, say, handling 1,000 hogs })er day, ought to save ninety jwr cent, bung guts from fair-sized hogs, and n(>;. cut any small guts in opening. In some houses we have f. <'n as high as four gutters, with per< haps in the neighborhood of 1,000 to 1,500 each to gut. In smaller houses one man might gut 1,500 with the assist- ance >if a " snatcher." From the gutter the hog passes to the shavers, whose dntit .) are to thoroughly shave hams, sides, and shoulders, th( n>'.e tV 'ligh washer to the ham-facer and lard-puller, it :■ ! T, a' .; splitter, following that to the ohill-room. V'-o will now return to the gut-bench. The bung-gut tti umer separates the gut at the source and strips the fat to Aie crown, inspects for scars and turns same over to the turner and trimmers. In pulling small guts some foremen try to economize by having one puller handle just as many hogs as he possibly can. This is a great error, and results disastrously from a financial point of view. We maintain that an extra puller and stripper is not an expense, but a great saving. There is altogether too much carelessness in many houses on this particular point. Properly handled, 4 hogs will yield one pound of cured No. 1 casings, worth about twenty- five cents, which on 1,000 hogs amounts to 162.50, less, say. killing hw much heliM^ra scald the ohinett, horizontal I, though some of ifter the hog haa ia attended to by liveat him of any MB to the header, ke gutter. iientiflc portion of y, handling 1,000 It. bung gutH from ba in opening. In guttera, with per- 1,600 each to gut. )00 with the asalst- bhe ahavera, whose iea, and ahouldera, er and lard-puller, te chill-room, sh. The bung-gut md Btvipa the fat to a same over to the guta aome foremen landle juat aa many it error, and reaulta iew. We maintain t an expense, but a neaa in many houaea mdled, 4 hoga will worth about twenty- ! to $62.60, leas, aay. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) Photograiiiic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT VVI1STRR,N.Y. 14510 (716) •72-4503 4r r CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Instituta for Historical IVIicroraproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquaa „....ailtf4 PORK PACKING. 279 two cents per hog lor handling, leaving a net result of $42.50. This is merely a rough estimate to illustrate our meaning. It can at once be seen that instead of allowing the small guts to go to the tank, where they yield next to nothing, it would be a profitable investment to have two pullers on every 1,000 hogs. The bung guts, when trimmed and turned, should be placed in vats, or other receptacles, with plenty of ice, so as to make sure that they are thoroughly cooled off. It is im- portant that they be stirred frequently to prevent their ly- ing in solid masses, thereby causing them to turn " black." Such black guts cannot afterward be bleached, and they are considered very objectionable in the trade and consequently of less value. Next the offal and " refuse guts " (those left after the extraction of the small and bung guts) are split either by hand or machine or hashed as the case may be in order to better extract the refuse. Let us remark here that much of the " dark " and " off color " lard is often due to the careless manner these very guts and offal are washed. It should be a special point with every foreman of killing gangs to see that these guts, etc., are thoroughly washed and that a continual supply of clean water be used. Some houses wash guts by hand, others in machine. We may also add that such waters, in passing to the sewers, carry away much fat, if some precaution is not taken to obstruct same. It well pays every pork-packer to give close attention to matters such as these, there being a considerable profit in tankage and other residues when properly handled. The stomachs, in packing-houses fitted with a laboratory, are used in the manufacture of pepsin — that is, the linings of same are so used. But of this see pages 209 and 210. Leftf Lard. — In hanging leaf lard {i.e., chilling for neu- tral) care should be taken so as not to allow any part to overlap. That product should be hung full width, and no fear need be entertained as to the condition when taken out 280 PORK PACKING. ^ 't 1 f i of the chill-room. Too low a temperature caiiuot be had for chilling leaf lard for this purpose. The tongues should be cut out clean and full, and every one, except those diseased, accounted for. They should then be well washed clear of hair, etc. It is important that tongues should not be chilled in too low a temperature (about 38° Fahrenheit we have always found very satis- factory), as the very close fibre of the meat, together with the coating of the tongue, make them a very delicate sub- ject to refrigerate. It is a difficult matter to thoroughly extract the animal heat from tongues, and any tendency to freeze the outer surface suddenly will result in the tongues turning out of pickle very unsatisfactorily, the inner part of the tongue particularly being raw, as it were. Dry Shaying. — This is another branch of the killing de- partment which needs special attention. Right here is the time and place to thoroughly clean and shave hogs. We have seen two sides of meat of equal quality (fully cured), one of which had been well cleaned and shaved on the kill- ing floor and the other slighted there. An attempt had been made in the latter instance to polish up when packing, but it needed no practised eye to pick out the more market- able piece. The extra cost incurred to properly handle hogs from the commencement is so small and the advantages gained there- by so great that argument on this question would be absurd. The same thing applies to the proper trimming of meats on cutting-bench instead of packing-bench. . In packing houses where they manufacture sausage, etc., the heads are passed to the sausage department, and, where a ready sale may be had, the brains are extracted and sold separately. Brains are considered by many people a very choice and palatable dish, and much sought after. Hogs will shrink from live to dressed weight about twenty per cent. Of course this varies according to the quality of e caiiuot be had 1 full, and every •. They should IS importaut that f a temperature ound very satis" it, together with ery delicate sub- )r to thoroughly any tendency to It in the tongues Y, the inner part were. of the killing de- light here is the ihave hogs. We ty (fully cured), aved on the kill- An attempt had p when packing, ;he more market- lie hogs from the ges gained there- would be absurd, ning of meats on are sausage, etc., nent, and, where iracted and sold ny people a very it after. ght about twenty to the quality of !^rr iinii III— inriiiiri mill MSbi PORK FACKINQ. 281 the hog. This ' ' shrinkage," as it is termed, it quite an item, and goes quite a long way toward covering the expense of running a packing-house. It consists of hair and bristles, bung guts and casings, hearts, livers, stomachs, gut fat, etc., and we think that very little actual loss under the head of " shrinkage " is suffered by the packer. In passing we would call attention to the gross careless- ness of some men in killing gangs, during the process of dry shaving, who gash sides, shoulders, and hams, thereby causing unnecessary loss to their employer, as all such product must go as second-grade goods. No water should be used at all on hogs after the lard is pulled and the hams faced. We are glad to say that the killing department of the packing industry is being more efficiently and profitably handled with each succeeding year. The fact should never be overlooked that good, efficient men in this and all branches of the business are well worthy of encouragement. PIJPSIN MANUFACTURE. Pepsin is a ferment, being the agent by which a portion of the food which is taken into the stomach is dissolved and fitted for assimilation. It is obtained from the lining or mucous membranes of the stomachs of various animals— that from the stomach of the hog being generally preferred. The method of preparation is as follows : The fresh stom- achs are deprived of their fat and divested of their outer coating, cut open, gently washed with cold water, and macer- ated for several days in a pickle. This pickle is composed of water thirty parts and hydrochloric acid one part, and requires frequent stirring. The liquid is next strained and filtered clear through coarse paper, or allowed to stand twenty-four hours, and then poured off. Common salt is then added and thoroughly mixed with the liquid. The 282 PORK PACKING. pepsin rises to the top, and after standing is skimmed off. After this it is strained in a strainer, then submitted to strong pressure, to force out all that is possible of the saline solution. Next it is carefully dried in warm air without other heat. ' The resultant constitutes the crude pepsin, which la used for making purified pepsin, etc. "Purified pepsin" is prepared by dissolving the crude pepsin before drying in water acidulated with hydrochloric acid, then adding just sufficient salt to separate it from its solution. It is next washed gently with cold water and ditiined, pressed, and dried rapidly on glass with gentle heat. THE CHILL-ROOM. Prior to running hogs from killing-rooms to chill rooms they should hang outside as long as possible, so as to allow the steam and superfluous heat to escape, and thus save un- necessarily raising the temperatures in the chill-rooms, the hogs on rail being about 106® Fahrenheit. When chill- rooms have been filled with freshly killed hogs they will stand at about 57° Fahrenheit, and to successfully chill these hogs this temperature must be gradually and surely reduced to 34° Fahrenheit, or thereabouts, in ten to twelve hours, and thence down to 30* Fahrenheit, where they may hang forty to sixty hours, or longer if the establishment is such that this can be done. In noting temperatures from time to time, should any unaccountable rise be noticed the cause should be inquired into at once and remedied imme- diately. Absolute insulation is positively necessary for suc- cessful refrigeration. Plenty of air-space above hogs is also necessary. Artificial refrigeration is truly a great and useful inven- tion for the packers. No necessity for " sour meats " where such refrigeration exists. We have noticed that these tanks, which we are informed are for the especial purpose of cool- ly is skimmed off. en submitted to ible of the saline arm air without which is used ified pepsin" is )efore drying in ;hen adding just ion. It is next ed, pressed, and IS to chill rooms le, so as to allow >nd thus save un- chill-rooms, the it. When chill- i hogs they will uccessfuUy chill ually and surely in ten to twelve where they may establishment is mperatures from )e be noticed the remedied imme- tecessary for suc- ,bove hogs is also id useful inven- ur meats " where that these tanks, purpose of cool- PORK PACKING. 283 ing the brine, are often placed where unnecessary heat is brought to bear upon them ; we have also notici-d that the pipes containing the low temperature brine sometimes pass through inordinately heated places, and would naturally conclude this was an error. Why these tanks and pipes should come in contact with unnecessary heat, when so much pr^iiis is taken to carry off the heat actually required to be thus eliminated, is more than we can account for ! It would be well for those contemplating putting in ice and refrigerating machiues to see to this. Refrigerating machines cost money, but in an incredibly short space of time fully pay for themselves. They not only enable the packer thus investing to kill at any time and at all times the year round, but save him thousands of dollars in " sour meats," etc. We would call attention to the fact that it has come to our notice that men employed by different firms have a habit of guessing at the temperatures instead of looking at the thermometers in the different chambers and truthfully registering the same. This is a very grievous breach of trust, and should not be tolerated. So much depends upon the proper working of a refrigerating-machine in the pack- ing business that nothing but the closest attention to all the details will answer. Then, again, many packers employ very incompetent men, at low wages, to attend to these machines and their many vital points, and thereby run enormous risks, which is altogether unnecessary. Thoroughly competent and re- liable men are more desirable in this department of the packing industry than almost in any other. The men at- tending to these machines should not only be thorough me- chanics, but completely conversant with every detail of the system they are working. This is unquestionably an im- portant matter, and worthy t^e iv\\ ^q4 d^lib^rate C9nsi4- eration of every packer, I** The best means of insulation may safely be left to the firm putting in the machine, as the success of their ma- chine depends wholly upon this. You will find they are all very emphatic upon the subject of insulation. The main point in chilling is to positively extract the last parti- cle of animal heat from every portion of the carcass. CUTTING OF HOOS. Hogs may be cut at any time after being thoroughly chilled (say after hanging forty hours) and iiro in a fairly solid condition, but not frozen, as meats in such a condition are very difficult to handle and trim properly, and, also, are not in the best possible shape for curing. The size of a gang for cutting a stated number of hogs would greatly depend upon the cuts to be made and the facilities for speedy work. We are in favor of good work in preference to speedy slipshod work in this as in overy other depart- ment. The most important men in a cutting gang are as fol- lows : 1. The chopper, whose duty is to sever, with a cleaver, the ham and shoulder. In some houses this is done with knife and saw, and these packers consider that method the proper and only way, as cuts can thus be made more accu- rately to a certain extent, the balan . being left to trim- mers^ whose duty is to fashion the ham as best suited to trade. 2. The shoulder-trimmers. 3. The blade-pullers. 4. The side-meat trimmers. 5. The ribbers. 6. The back- bone-sawers. In some houses the backbone is chopped out in the killing department, but this we consider not altogether advisable. Of course there are other men and boys re- quired in various positions — chopping off hocks, stripping tenderloins, skirting ribs, trimming sausage and market meats, etc., according to the style of the cuts being made. y be left to the BBB of their ma- il! find they are nsulation. The ot the last parti- Q carcass. oing thoroughly I arc in a fairly such a condition perly, and, also, ng. The size of ga would greatly the facilities for rk in preference ry other depart- gang are as fol- , with a cleaver, his is done with that method the made more accu- ng left to trim- ks best suited to lie blade-pullers. 8. 6. Theback- e is chopped out ler not altogether en and boys re- hocks, stripping lage and market its being made. POKK PACKING. 285 As regards cost we might say that the cutting of hogs should not exceed three cents per head under any circum- stances, and considerably lower is the rule, we do not hesi- tate to say. The short-rib middle, short-cut ham, and New York shoulder are the principal domestic cuts, and of late years the export trade has favored these cuts to a great extent. They are, after all, the most sensible cuts, and suit both packer and consumer Vatter than the stereotyped export cuts, such as long-cut hams, square shoulders, Cum- berland middles, Yorkshire middles, etc. For instance, compare the long-cut ham and the Ameri- can short-cut ham. To the consumer the short-cut ham is so far ahead of the long-cut that argument is unnecessary. The cure alone is sufficient to settle the point in favor of the short-cut ham both to packer and consumer — to the packer, because there is ho shrinkage, and to the consumer because the meat is milder and more appetizing, to say noth- ing of the absence of the long, useless shank and fat butt. Some packers would perhaps decide in favor of the Cum- berland middle in preference to the short-rib, simply be- cause such a cut can be remodelled if necessary — that is, made into square shoulder, back and belly, or shoulder And short clear — though such manipulation is not considered regular. We have seen meats after being cured manipulated in this manner, and don't hesitate to say that mutilating would be a better word than remodelling, as the ribbing in such cases is very rough indeed. We do not mean to say that th^ above-named domestic cuts have altogether taken the plac< of the export cuts, except as regards the short-cut ham, which is fast superseding the long-cut. To return to the cutting bench. Loins, after separation from the carcass, should at once be wrapped in paper spe- cially made for the purpose, and immediately thereafter transferred to cold storage, of which the lower the tempera- ture the better. During the summer season the less loins "^ m PORK PAOKIWO. of any fresh meats are exposed to the warm air the better, as under the most favorable circumstauces such meats lose color rapidly, and consequently appear stale. Not a particle of lean meat should be allowed to go to the tanks, as there is very little yield of lard therefrom, while they assist ma- terially the discoloration of the lard. Such meats can be handled at a good profit in the markets or sausage depart- ment. On the other hand, no superfluous fats should be allowed to go to cellar, as such is much more profitable in rendered lard. Meats from cutting-bench, such as spare- ribs, back-bones, neck-bones, etc., return the most if sold at once, if a market can be had at all. The yield of lard from such meats does not exceed twenty-five per cent, if the spare- ribs are properly " skirted." Spare-ribs, of course, may be pickled at a profit, as a rule, if a ready market fresh cannot be had. Hocks and desirable feet are cleaned and pickled, while undesirable feet may go to lard-tanks, if not in too large quantities, othorwise they may be converted into glue. There are several very complete establishments of this kind. As high as 75 to 100 barrels of glue per day have been made in one of them. Short-rib Kiddle (Begvlar).— This is essentially . do- mestic cut and constitutes the bulk of our dry salted yr .^ts. Consists of the side of the hog, with rib left in, regular or New York shoulder and sliort-cut ham taken off, hench- bone sawed down and feather-of-blade bone left in. Must be " skirted," but the belly is not usually trimmed, except packer so wishes. The regular short-rib is a very desirable cut, and when taken from good straight hogs, and averaging in the neighborhood of 60 pounds, finds a ready sale at top prices at any time, and in nearly any part of the country. In most instances this side is smoked whole and shipped South, while for fancy trade it is ribbed and converted into backs and bellies. The averages run from about 46 to 66 pounds. xm air the better, m Huoh meats lose le. Not a particle ;he tanks, as there lile they aaaist ma- iuoh meats can be or sausage depart- ous fats should be more profitable in oh, such as spare- the most if sold at ) yield of lard from r cent, if the spare- of course, may be larket fresh cannot eaned and pickled, anks, if not in too converted into glue, iments of this kind, iay have been made is essentially ^ do> nr dry salted »"• -^ts. b left in, regular or ti taken off, hench- bone left in. Must Uy trimmed, except b is a very desirable hogs, and averaging I a ready sale at top )art of the country, whole and shipped : and converted into rom about 46 to 65 Short-rib Middle (Regular). English thort>rib Kiddle.— This is an export cut, and differs from short-rib regular only in being cut shorter, and is trimmed square. A square shoulder and long-cut ham taken off side of hog leaves the required English short-rib middle. As in the regular rib, the back-bone is removed and the rib left in. No feather-of-blade bone, or very little, J if 188 POBK I'AJ'KINO. apiMwrs in thiH Hide. Tho uvemges run from W t«> 30 pounds. Theue sides And ii ready sale in England, especially English Short-rib Middle. in the midland and northern counties. We omitted to mention that good straight hogs are required in this cat, as in all export outs. i- n from ao to HO InglHud, oHpeciiilly V ) fe. We omitted to ired iu this cut, as PORK PACKINO. 380 Long Clear Middles. — Consint of Bliouldor and oidu in one piece. As the name inipliort, no l)ono muHt appear in Long Clear Middle. this side. Leg sawed ofF close to brisket, leg-bone and blade removed, breast-bone cat down, rib removed and hench-bone removed. This side should be cut fairly square at both ends. Averages from 40 to 65 pounds. 290 POBK PACKING. Extra Long Clear Middle. Extra Long Clear lliddlef are cut the same as regular long clears, except that, as in extra short clears, the loin is taken oiit fall. These sides average from 40 to 60 pounds. Long'rib Kiddlei. — A very popular export cut, and shipped to Liverpool, England, for distribution to Dublin, Ireland, and Swansea, Wales. Are made from light lean yjL iiiliiiiiiMliirtffiilnnlM PORK PACKIITO. 291 hogs, and when received on the other side are " rolled" and usually smoked. Find a ready sale at top prices, but are not by any means cut from the highest-priced hogs. Con- sist of the side and shoulder of hog, with back-bone, blade- bone, and knuckle-bone removed, also shoulder and neck bones. Bib left in. Leg out off close to breast. Cut as idle. the s^me as regular )rt clears, the loin is »m 40 to 60 pounds. a export cut, and tribution to Dublin, ide from light lean Long-rib Middle. 292 PORK PACKING. nearly square as possible at both ends, and belly slightly trimmed. Average from 20 to 30 pounds. Cumberland Middle. Onmberhund Kiddles. — Purely an export cut, and, we may safely add, the most popular. Rightly belong to the northern counties of England, as their name implies. F'nd a ready sale in any part of England, the lighter aver, js ■••«**iMiM>«s PORK PACKING. 293 going to the southern and midland counties, and the heav- ier to the northern counties and Scotland. It is a noted fact that the heavy fat meats of any cut find the best sale in fishing districts or countries. The averages run from 25 to 40 pounds. A Cumberland middle consists of the side and shoulder in one piece, leg sawed off just above knee-joint or dislocated at joint, shoulder ribs, neck-bone, and back-bone removed, trimmed as nearly square as pos- sible at both ends, and flank left " flush," so as to come out of salt " square." Belly slightly trimmed and no " seed " showing. Uench-bone and breast-bone sawed and cut down even with side. Should not be back-strapped, as this makes the side appear too flat, when the idea is to have it appear as lean as possible, yet from good, solid, well-fed hogs. Torkihire Middles. — Another very popular export cut, and usually shipped to the midland and eastern counties of England. Usually averaging from 36 to 42 pounds, and cut from solid, chunky hogs. Consist of side and shoulder of hog, with rib and back-bone removed, leg sawed off at hock-joint. Cut fairly square at both ends. In conse- quence of rib being removed, the belly is not so liable to shrink more than back, as in a Cumberland. About forty- pound averages find readiest sale. Yorkshire middles may be converted into square shoul- ders, backs, and bellies. Square shoulder of about fourteen pounds, back of thirteen poun-"* and belly eleven pounds, providing Yorkshires average, sa - forty-two pounds. In the mode of manufacturing any cut we have given, much depends upon the relative values of the meats. When lard is required sides are trimmed closer, shoulders butted deeper, and hams undermined. Sometimes the purchaser makes a kick in such cases, especially when the market is against him, but usually no trouble is experienced. In trimming most meats the idea is to make the cut appear as lean as possible, hence the abolishing of back strapping, and the < » P(»J«»SS«i> mm custom of cutting the butts of shoulders sufficiently deep to show the second streak of lean. Barrow hogs show a nice Yorkshire Middle. lean strip along belly when but slightly trimmed. Onmber* land middles, though usually cut from solid, chunky hogs, do not appear fat when properly trimmed. Stafford mid- tffloiently deep to hogs show a nice POBK PAOKIKO. 295 ffled. Ooinbei^ i, chunky hogg, Stafford mid- dles appear very lean when properly manipulated. We for- got to say that in cutting English backs and bellies the side should be split so as to allow back to weigh say about three pounds heavier than belly. New York shoulders and Amer- ican cut hams appear very lean, but should we separate the fat and bone from the lean we should find that the lean leads by but a very trifle, say lean ffty-five per cent, and bone and fat forty-five per cent. Staffordshire Middles. — An export cut, usually shipped to the " Black Country," a part of England thus known, and situated in the pottery and mining districts of the mid- land counties. The backs of this cut should not be nearly so thick as those of the Yorkshire Middle. The ideal Staf- ford is as nearly as possible of an even thickness throughout. Stafford sides will average 38 to 40 pounds. Consist of the side and shoulder of hog in one pie^e, rib and back-bone removed, blade-bone taken out and knuckle left in, leg cut off same as in Yorkshire, viz. : at hock-joint. The " pocket " is nicely rounded 8Jid a strip of the loin removed. The side, in fact, is made as nearly flat and of an even thickness as possible. Cut reasonably square at both ends. In these, as in all export cuts, " seedy bellies " should be thrown out. Dublin Kiddles. — Same as " Cnmberlands," except that the leg is cut off close to brisket. These sides are mostly in demand in the south of England and Ireland. From about twenty to twenty-five pounds each. Stretford Kiddles. — About twenty-eight pounds. Are shipped to the midland and eastern counties of England. The mode of manufacture is as follows : Side and shoulder in one piece, Ipg cut off at hock-joint, blade-bone taken out, knuckle left in, back-bone and back half of rib taken out, belly rib left in. Trimmed reasonably square at both ends and all superfluous fats removed. Lean wide sides m&ke the most desirable Stretfords. This cut seems to have fallen into disuse to a great extent. ■>*,,^-F6J^.'i4 U-* , mm 306 PORK PACKIKO. Birmingham Middles are nothing more nor lees than light Staflorda, averaging about thirty to thirty-two pounds. Birmingham Middle. These sides are usually shipped to Birmingham and district. Seem to have fal ien into disuse of late years. Short Clear Sides.— Same as short-rib regular, except mumtmiim^j^Hff^il^ lor less than light urty-two poundB. PORK PACKING. 297 that the rib is removed, hench-bone and breast-bone sawed and cut down even with side. Properly speaking, no bone lam and district. I. regular, except Short Clear Side. whatever should appear in this side, except feather. These Bides are cut reasonably square, and all superfluous fate removed, though the belly is not usually tnmmed. Ihe lightest of these sides are usually split into backs and bellies Me POKK PACKINn. for fancy trade, while the heavier, which are ustmlly from rough hogs and old sows, are shipped South. The avoragei run from 30 to 70 pounds. Extra Short Clear Sidw.— Same as short clear sides, ex- cept that all the loin is removed. These sides are some- times cut in two— not lengthwise, but crosswise— and are \ Extra Short Char Side. PORK PACKING. ham, and Bhoulder cut off above joint — that is, fOre-leg — m for square shoulder, and hind-leg as for long-cut ham. South Staffordshire Side. (See three pasee (orwiinl.) Neck-bone, three shoulder ribs, and back-bone removed. Neck of shoulder trimmed square, brisket-bone cut down, and belly trimmed and " skirted." Socket-bone of ham ex- posed as in Stafford ham. We omitted to say the blade- MM 302 POBK PACKINO. and mo8t iiHeful nuta vver introduced, itnd m froo fruiu boue ua ia coinputible with nice firm nicatH. Rib Belly. (8m next page.) Welih Side. — An export cut which has also fallen into disuse, and differs only from Wiltshire in having the blade- bone of shoulder left in and heuch-bone also. No material and UH fr«o frum las also fallen into 1 having the blade- also. No material PORK PAPKIWO, 808 diiTurenoe in weights of hogs from Wilt^hires. L'tted to tlnd grout favor in the KiigliMh n ''lluiid couuiuw and in WuIuh. Irish Oat Bides. — 8unie an •• Long Clear," except that the knuckle-bone iu not ttikon out. South Btftffordthire Bides.— Differ only from " Hirming- ham SiduH " in having loin taken out, leaving only a thin strip of lean along the buck. Clear Bellies, English. — Cleared of all bono. Belly trimmeil and no seed left in at all. Cut square at both ends and may uveruge from li to 20 pounds, a 14 uverngo finding the readiest sale. Same as bucks, must be cut from smooth, solid hogs. Bib Bellies. — In all respects same as pickled bellies, ex- cept rib left in. Piekled Clear Bellies.— Clear of bone, usually made from light, lean hogs. 8uitat)le for smoked trade, domestic, and bring high prices. Belly trimmed and ends reasonably square. Short Clear Baoks, Inglish.— Average from 12 to 20 pounds, and must be cut from smooth hogs. Tail-bone sawed off even with meat, back bone and ribs removed, cut clear of feather-bone shoulder. Must be cut square at both ends. Short 7at Baeks. — Made from heavy, smooth hogs. All bone and lean removed. Long Fat Baoks. — Cut clear through smooth, heavy hogs from ham to and including top part of shoulder. Cleared of all bone and lean meats. These two latter cuts find a ready market on the Continent — in Spain, for instance, which is a nation of grease-eaters. Piokled Clear Baoks.— Light, lean meats, suitable for smoke trade. Cut same as clear backs, except that part of blade-bone of shoulder may appear. Pickled side meats are always light, lean meats, usually too soft and flabby for dry- salt export meats. 804 PORK PACKiya. Short Cl^nr Bach. (8ae previoai) page.) Short-ont Hams. — Commonly known as "The S. P. Hams " — " sweet pickled." We do not hesitate to pro- nounce this the most economical, satisfactory, and neatest cut of ham at present in vogue, and undoubtedly the most popular. It is made a// averages, to suit any trade. We find our American short-cut ham finding great favor in the i i . i wiuiit i m PORK PACKING. 305 export trade, too, and the reason is not very hard to find. Coupled with its neat appearance and absence of superflu- ous bone and fat is the particular American method of cur- ing, practised in no other part of the world, and unexcelled in any other country. The lean and fat are nicely propor- rn as "The S. P. ot hesitate to pro- factory, and neatest idoubtedly the most luit any trade. We ig great favor in the Short Fat Bach. Long Fat Bach. (See • previous page.) KWMM MM 306 PORK PACKING. tioned in this particular cut, and the cure ia such that the most critical cannot hut be pleased with it. Short-cut Ham. (Bea a pnvlmw page.) The mode of manufacture is as follows : Leg cut oS a lit- tle above hock-joint, ham ^ed full (which is done in kill* ing department) and nicely rounded, but not undercut, as this is irregular. Some packers, to make certain averages. B is such that the Leg cut off s lit- ih is done in kill* not undercnt, as I certain average^ mtamm 308 PORK PACKINO. 4Br Long-ont Huni. — An export cut and very popular some time ago, but of late seems to have lost favor, being sup- planted to a great extent by the short-cut ham. Is still in the market, and just recently has been in fair demand. Is. a very presentable ham, and when properly trimmed looks very neat. Is dry-salted, and consequently not so mild as the " Short-cut," but appears, and also is, much firmer. Average from 12 to 22 pounds ; often even lighter averages are in demand. Mode of manufacture : Leg cut off at first joint below hock, hip-bone separated at rump with knife, butt left full and nicely rounded, hip-bone bared, leaving butt of ham with flat appen ranee, cushion of ham full, but not faced. Finds a ready sale — or, rather, did — ^in iuiy part of England, but principally in the northern counties. Stafford Hami. — Similar to " Short-cut Ham," except that the socket-bone is exposed and hip-bone removed al- together. Rounded nicely and leg cut off at hook-joint. Unquestionably a very neat, choice ham. South Siafford Hami.— Same as " Stafford Ham," ex- cept that shank is cut same as " Long-cut." Manehetter Hams. — Same as " Stafford," except that the hip bone is not removed. The three last n^med cuts are \ not at present in very great demand. Skinned Hum. — Made same as " Short Cut Hams," ex- cept that the skin and fat are all removed — ^that is, fat near- ly all removed and skin left on shank only. These hams are taken from large, rough hogs, and will weigh from 18 to 30 pounds. Are in great demand in localities where a great restaurant trade is done during the holiday season. Undoubtedly the most profitable way to disp<»e of large, rough, undesirable hams, which, if 'not skinned, it wolild be nearly impossible to cure. OaUfornia Eami.— Usually made from fairly heavy hogs, the shoulders of which would be a very unmarketable pro- duct if not trimmed as California Hams. Mode of manu- WilMIKiilflilliliiliii' ery popular some favor, being sap- ham. Is still in fair demand. Is. ly trimmed looks ly not so mild as is, much firmer, n lighter averages jeg cut off at first rump with knife, >ne bared, leaving of ham full, but , did — in iuiy part m counties, ut Ham," except ■bone removed al- }ff at hook-joint. afford Ham," ex- b." ," except that the it n.^med cats are rt Out Hams," ex- — that is, fat near- nly. These hams ill weigh from 18 localities where a le holiday season. dispose of large, skinned, it wo^ld fairly heavy hogs, inmarketable pro- Mode of manu- 310 PORK PACKING. California Ham and Boston Shoulder. (See tiM two pnTioos pnyi,) tirely from the ham, which is rolled, tied with a string as per cut on opposite page, and marked " Rolled Ham, Boneless." Botton Shoulders. — Cut from fairly heavy hogs, shank cut off above knee-joint, bntted to within one and one-half inch of knuckle-joint, breast flap trimmed off, and ham nicely rounded. Average from 8 to 10 pounds. Are also Shoulder. with a string as per id Ham, Boneless." heavy hogs, shank n one and one-half mod off, and ham pounds. Are also 312 PORK PAC'KINO. blood vein cut out and broaat flap cut off. Care should be taken to make butt appear as lean as possible. Finds a ready market at good prices when properly cut and trimmed. Hew York Shonldera.— Average usually 10 to 12 pounds, and are cut from nice, smooth hogs. Shank cut off be- tween knee-joint and brisket, separated from side so as to expose blade bone, butted clear of feather, breast flap out New York Shoulder. mmmmMiUMMusmmiMmj^mmmimMvmii 314 PORK PACKING. "0^1 ™ for shrinkage in rendering, and the bone not worthy of con* Bidemtion in figuring. Regular Shoolden. — Average from 15 to 20 pounds. Are usually shoulders a trifle too heavy and rough for New York, and not quite heavy enough to trim to Califomias or Picnics. The manufacture of Regular Shoulders depends upon the demand, lioing a dry salt meat, are not as much in demand as Califomias or JMcnics. Cut same as New York, perhaps a little wider, shank cut off at knee-joint. Skinned Shonldert.— Same as New York Shoulders, except all skin removed to shank and fat removed close to loan. Boiled Shonlden, Boneleu, are made by taking the bone entirely from the shoulder, which is rolled and tittd with a string OS per cut on a previous page, and market) " Rolled Shoulders, Boneless." Xeit Fork. — Consists of rough sides chopped crosswise, say into five pieces, and packed at 190 pounds to the barrel with 35 pounds of coarse salt. Usually a layer of Turk's Island salt is placed at top and bottom of barrel to keep up strength of pickle. Must be packed regular run of hog — that is, equal quantities flank and shoulder end pieces — not over 16 pieces to barrel. May be • It^Hvered soon as packed during winter season, November lat to March 1st. Some packers use a little fine salt and saltpetre, and rub each piece OS packed. Prime Ketf Pork. — Consists of whole side of hog except ham. Shoulder shank cut off close to brisket Side split lengthwise, the back part of which is cut into about six pieces, and the belly into, say, four. Packed at 100 pounds to barrel, 60 pieces to constitute barrel, 20 pieces coarse 75 pounds weight, and 30 pieces prime 115 pounds weight. Some packers use 20 pounds fine salt, 15 pounds coarse, and 6 ounces saltpetre. Others rub pieces with 15 pounds fine salt and ) pound saltpetre, and then fill barrel with pickle about eighty-five proof. Either method is safe. A little iiii ia>.;A4» ' -..mu, ) uot worthy of con- to 20 pounds. Are nd rough for New im to Culifomias or Shoulders depends at, are not as much Cut same as New [)fF at knee-joint, rk Slioulders, except ed close to lean, by taking the bone led and tied with a id market! " Rolled chopped crosswise, ounds to the barrel y a layer of Turk's t barrel to keep up igular run of hog — der end pieces— not red soon as packed March Ist. Some letre, and rub each > side of hog except brisket Side split cut into about six icked at 100 pounds 20 pieces coarse 75 15 pounds weight. pounds coarse, and rith 15 pounds fine I barrel with pickle d is safe. A little ■Ilftl ■■*■ "l ■•11 1 ss^nsB**^ 816 PORK PACKIWO. \ Prime' Mesa Pork. (8ee • prsTioai page. ) Clear Pork. — Side with back bone aud back half of rib removed. Packed 13 to 14 pieces to barrel and handled same as prime mess pork. Extra Clear Pork. — Same as clear pork in all respects ex- cept that all bone is nzriioved. RMMii iMiii ud bitok half of rib barrel and handled >k in all respects ex- mmtmmmmmmim did PORK PACKIKO. pounds. Nearly all packers have their own particular way of curing shoulder butts. Some use straight 90 proof pickle, with perhaps six pounds sugar or its equivalent in molanses. Others will use 34 pounds stdt, 5 pounds sugar, and 1 pound salt])etre, which compound we feel safe in saying will satis- factorily cure any kind of tierce meats. Fork Loini. — Back of hog with back bone and rib left in. Will run about ten pounds trimmed. Uogs are usu- ally split, especially for pork loins, the back bone being split down centre, leaving feather on each loin. Extra pork loins include top part or butt of shoulder. Onmberlandi. — Averaging 41 pounds, will yield thirty- one and a half per cent, square shoulders, fifty-nine and a half per cent, short rib middles, one-half per cent, lean meat, five and one-half per cent, white grease or lard, bal- ance three per cent, fertilisser and shrinkage. Short Ribs. — Averaging 50 pounds, would yield short clear of 48 pounds, and also seventy-three ^.. cent, extra clear, twenty-six per cent, foin, balance trimmings and sparerib. Back and belly 24 and 21 pounds respectively, balance rib and trimmings. Spareribs will run close to two pounds average. \ The cutting of hogs is a subject so wide and varied that it actually seems well-nigh inexhaustible. So many cuts may be explained, so many tests given, with such a varia- tion of results as to nearly exhaust the patience of all ex- cept those deeply interested in or closely connected with the pork-packing industry. Nevertheless, all these explana- tions and following tests are of value. The variation in the results of similar tests can be accounted for easily enough. For instance : The quality of the hogs, a wider range of own particular way ight 90 proof pickle, livalent in molanses. I sugar, and 1 pound in saying will satis- c bone and rib left ned. Hogs are usu- )ack bone being split 1. Extra pork loins i, will yield thirty- ers, fifty-nine and a half per cent, lean > grease or lard, bal- kuge. wonld yield short liree p.. cent, extra ince trimmings and pounds respectively, will run close to two wide and varied that lible. So many cuts Q, with such a varia- e patience of all ex- ly connected with the fl, all these explana- The variation in the »d for easily enough. ;s, a wider range of . the knife than proper, or vice versa ; improper or ineffi- cient trimming, etc. Of course this is readily understood by our practical readers. Of one thing we are confident, from many and various tests under different circumstances, and that is, seventy per cent, of live weight is safe to figure on, viz.: thirty-four per cent, short-rib middles, twelve per cent, hams, eleven per cent, shoulders, and thirteen per cent. lard. When figuring, of course, it must be under- stood that we mean green weight. Balance of product over and above the seventy per cent, is supposed to cover cost of manufacture, and undoubtedly does. We would also call attention to the fact that there is no shrinkage when determining cured yield except in the short-rib middles, which, if properly manipulated prior to shipping, need not show a shrinkage of over two per cent., while a gain of two per cent, net or thereabouts will show on the hams and shoulders, after allowing four per cent, for consignee. Other meats, such as long cut hams, shrink as high as five per cent. Cnmberlands four cent., and dry salt shoul- ders two and one-half to four per cent. FRESH HEATS. Before closing we will make a few suggestions on the handling of fresh meats in general, especially the small or market meats, such as tenderloins, trimmings, spare-ribs, etc. Avoid contrasting freshly cut meats with meats of a day old or so. In keeping over any fresh market meats we always found, where practicable, that spreading was the only and proper way to handle such. In cases where this is impracticable we always found perforated recep- tacles the best, as these allow blood-stained moisture to escape, which if confined gives the meat a very uninviting appearance. Avoid getting blood-stained neck-pieces in trimmings for counter trade, as such pieces completely isiiir«iiii r^F 320 PORK PACKING. ruin the otherwise inviting appearance of the meats. They are all right for dausage department. Spare-ribs will, if not properly handled, become slimy on the inside of the rib in a short time. A low temperature cold storage for these meats is most desirable in the summer season, and such a place is a paying investment. Fresh and smoked meats in market should be always handled on separate counters. HEAT MARKET SALES. On 1,000 hogs: Slioulder butts »5!« 48 Sausage meat 94 80 Hocks 12 90 Spare-ribs.".' !« »J Butte J82J Ham trimmingR »• " Tenderloin ^^ SHp-boncs ^« Back-bones ^^^ |517 52 This test shows fifty-one and three-fourths cents per hog, and is an actual test. Note.— The following Tables are compiled from the re- sults of numerous practical tests, and have been verified by packers of long experience. iiili of the meats. Spare-ribs will, lie inside of the cold storage for mer season, and esh and smoked led on separate $517 58 bhs cents per hog. liled from the re- e been verified by POBK PACKING. 321 HOG TEST AND RELATIVE VALUES. 9,937 H008, 2,841,430 pounds live weight, avbeaqe 285.94 POUNDS. aneiiiniRhk Percent. Net weight. Percent n aan nia 11 896 886,746 11.851 Hams M8.018 ii.»w 8|««W«" iJg'aS aSiST? 9e2«09 88.888 ?i*^ '876 515 18 249 376.515 18.249 arto::::;:: Itm ^-m 51.800 i.m 2.060.509 72.518 2,004,470 70.6« Shrinkage ^M 27.480 836,960 29.456 8,841,480 99.998 2,841,480 99.998 The sundries consist of 2,100 pounds grease and 49,700 pounds rough meats for market. The above is an actual test, and proves that our seventy per cent, system is as nearly correct for figuring as anyone could ever hope to at- tain. We will take the above percentage and say : with hogs at 14.50, find the value of each cut, etc. j that is; we will de- termine what each of these cuts, etc., stands the packer, leaving balance of product to cover cost of manufacture. I^» Prooh. IimIi. SMe. 88.888 nt 6.66 = 2.2585 = 6.458 = 2.19 Shouldere 9.731 " 5.85= .5206 = 6.198= .51 IS .11.851 " 8.00= .9480 = 7.762= .92 SS .*.■.'..■..'.'.■.!:... ...1. 18'249 •• 6.90= .9141 = &696= .88 68.719 p. c. 4.6863 HW It will be seen that the above figures show : Sides rtandpacker ♦Sf^P*'..*^ Siioulders " ^ ** „ Hams " i «Q „ Lard " ^ '" •*• Total n,iM 68.M4 per cent, of IWe walgllt. 187 pound Cheek Heat, IIS poonda. Tandarioina, 186 poonda. Trimminga, M6 poonda. SVHDBin. Bonam 76 poonda. Veet, 7M pound*. Bung Out*, 100 — Caainga — Fattlltaar — H«lr- Bri*U** — Oraaw — \ JtMNsry. Tm or tTB Hoaa, 81,110 Foam*, 100 PmnnM ATasAon. SBO sou Qioni Weight TiaM. 81,7*8 %vn 8,764 8,080 41.688 per oent. tioag-ottt Ham* 17 488 " jJiaS. "KUIIng" 7 101 " •• •'OntUMt" 4.8fRi " Total 8T,1« 71.070 per eent of H*o weight. SvmwiBa. Toognca, 181 ponnd*. Bonoi, 100 pound*. Ubeak Heat, W pound*, FeH, SOf pound*. TMiderioina, 184 pound*. Bung Onta, 180 pea. Trlmmlnga, 181 pound*. Oaring*, 70 pound*. Salt uaed on Kama, 880 pound*; Baltiietr*, 100 pound*. Bait need on Onmbarianda, 818 ponnda ; Baltpetoe, 186 pounda. PartniMf, 1,800 pounda. Hair, 8B0 pounda. Briitlaa, 80 poonda. Oraaae, 8U0 poonda, Theae hog* wan out for CumtertaiMl MUdlrt with evident anooaaa, a* our practloal nadara will uliaarTi. Aooording to abore aetmil teat*, bog* out veptmlt tot Onmbar. land Middla* would yield aa fcllowar Onmberhuid*, 40^ per oent; long'«ut bama, IT* par oent: fatrd, 1> par cent = total TO par oent of lira weight Sondrlaa run about 8 | , Tit.: Toagnaab ehaek i , tandarioina, trilanliag^ Iwne*, and faat F i«saet'LUi-:Sflt«4CyPii.V- Atmuoi. TMl 4t.0Ul iwrcmit. 17.780 ia.87> '> ni ifra ctnt, of FertiUicr — Hair — UriatiM — Atieaoe, ht TMd. 88.047 pcroott. n.tm '• e.asi '• S.MQ •■ 68.M4peroimt.of Uve wriiht. PORK PArKINO. FMiillnr — Hair — BriiUM — OrasM — ornxm Atbbaoi. rht TMd. 41 .888 per cent. 174« '• 7.101 " 4.818 •• 71.070 peroeDtof lire wight. PwUllnr, l,eOO ponnda. Hair, IBO ponnda. BrUtiea, 80 ponnda. Orwuo, mm ponnda. ponnda. M, IBS ponnda. Imt MMoeaa, aaonr practieal a ont txprtttlif tat Onmbar- lent.; kHqr.ent baim, IT* par Snndriea nm aboot 8 par 327 Taai or 880 Hoot, Oaoaa Wnon 88.880 Fovim, 88B.M Avnuoa, Cn Aa FoiLOwa : Piaoaa. Orann Welgkt Qraen Avenge. Met Weight. Yield, Oraen. 40.8S8 o.auB 10.8U4 a018 6.871 Yield, Net. SboftHribHiddloe... Dry Salt BhoaldMB . . American Ont Hanw. Lard. ••Ktllint".... Lard,"OntUnc" . 800 800 BOO Haoo 8,804 0,141 7,471 88.88 t8.ik» 18.88 88,847 7,808 0.141 7,471 8,841 88.888 0.811 10.004 8.018 6.«n Total ... M,Bi7 .... IMUS 76.0«O 74.an ■DMomua. Cheek Meat, 178 ponnda. Tenderlolna, 888 ponnda. Trimmlnga, 854 ponnda. Baok-bonea, 878 ponnda. Bllp^bonee, Feet, 1,188 ponnda. Bnng Onta, 00 par oent 8mall Onte, Fertlllier, Hair, Briatlea, and Oiaaaa not flgured, Tongnea, IBO pee., 888 ponnda. 1, 164 ponnda. Tmt or K) HOM, OwNM WBiorr 88,060 PouaM, Athmob 878.88 Povma. Short-rib HIddlea . . . Bqnare Shonldera . . Amarloan Out Hama Laid. "Killing".... Lard, "Ontting"... Total Piaoee. BOO BOO Oreen Weight. 81,687 8.800 7,776 6,807 N410 Average. 48.878 17.818 16.BB8 Tieid, Oreen. 81.885 18.840 11.486 7.«tB0 7.088 71.BB1 BmiDaRS. Obeak Meat, 14B ponnda. Tongue*. 184 ponnda. Trimmlnm, 408 ponnda. TMiderlotna, 8118 pound*. Bone*. 808 ixinnda. Feet, 1,04S pound*. Bnng Onta, Mo. 1, 800 pieoee. Fertillier, 1,800 pounala. Oreaae, 800 ponnda. SnudI Oula, Hair, and Briatlea not Bgnred. Tn> or 488 HoM, 860 FDmiDn Atsbaob, vo* RnmBin. Ponnda. Oanta per Pound. Boodaaa Ham 144 780 816 886 188 748 486 810 748 488 8 6 8 7 $18 84 47 40 6 46 Ssr:::::::::-:.:.:::::: 8pai»riba nntta , 71 76 6 80 44 68 TMidarMna BUp-bona* 46 60 IS 74 Baok-bonea PorkLolaa 080 61 04 TWnl. •810 70. or 04.880. per hog. Tnngiwa. Oaaiiiga 18 07 Bnng~Outa 8 88 PmUUm* TotaL 84 16 •88418, or 7%08o. per hog. 9 8 2 ««8S.8I) S 92988S38I?S9 p4 U M ia«>«D'iBob«' M Hi^sisMtivWgoabaB v4 ^ p4 SI ^» i»* »* »^ ^^ wi r*w^w*^m^mw*^^ 44 1 I II i ^ iS . «) «li!«((ltIU c) ^i< lilt d«>(iii «)«<«< If (J !• 8 8 888S88 8 S«888«a888aS« »|_ ^ ■' _ _ ~ a 8 s szsea? s ssi saaissaQcsi! _ •_(!' 8 3'8S^;:Z ? {:SSI!pr3P8S8t;6 8 « S CaSSM * 8S5S{:Siie8S88l9S s s * aaasss a «sass95sssa*s 88 : 7 9 \ff9tSffa \ 9a88SS83888e9S888i888S&7S88S 3SliS!SSti8t;8i88**88K8888BS8&t; t..,.., t., S&8SSS888S«8«S;;S8 ?$88S8XS8 3 S 8 g S3S§8S § gSS§8SSSs§S§§ ill. 11 III Sialidljl'-'lliil Riiiliii dHMa n Tabu op AviaAai Wnaam op Out*. Mc«t*, Llv* Horn Avvrwliui , 110 in lao 140 ISil 18.09 MO 18.110 tt.»i U.« it.48 170 14.80 V.MO H.4II 10.04 180 IB 78 1II.8M 18.10 10.88 IWI 18.81 low I8IM 11.14 17.70 110 18. An ilO 98 19.M 1H. 19.H0 lil.l 18 19 181 19.88 18.! 18.90 14.1 7.70 8.1 10.81 11.1 Will ykiM : fifing •out lliiinH, euml, Rvarafflns Bhtirt-oiit Haiiir. irrn«n« Avaraiilnif 11. .',4 i^.ifi BtAlfonl Hhiiih, oiirutl. ftvvninlnir ** 14.0*1 ii.70 la.lH 7.IH» in.H9 18.87 1.1.87 7.86 * 8.84 ■houMatu, thiM-rlb, Ifn^n, Avamftnit Bhotildflm, nklniMfl. ffi'Min, nvtrafflng S.IIS S.tIO 6.W 8.80 ».<« Liilnii. Rroan, kvarwrnf MaM Pork. vrMiit p*r hog Prime M««« Pork, gram, par hog * Bxtm Primo Pork, greon, per hog , * Bhortrlb Middlaf, ''regular," gram, •vanigtng 86.87 9S.4» 87.87 ; 8».( 97.74 9U.t ■hort'rib MMdiM, BnglUh, onred, ■varaging iH.im W.18 tl.48 M.W «S.«6 IB.fi Iztrs Hhort Clear Utdillm, green, averaging Long Clear Mlddlaa, regular, averagliiK rarad 41.4A 48.88 46.87 48.( Long Clear Mlddlea, extra, averaglnii cured w.bb' 80.81' »iV48 Onmberlitnd Middle*, averaging cured ■ M.T9 84.88 1 88.84 9»M Ml. 18 88.86' 87.84 84.tl6 87.40 16.19 6^ 149.1 88.87 1 H9.f 4«).11 49.! 16.90 1ll.( 99.86 98.i 16.86 16.( Yurkehire Middles, aviraging cured Btaffonl Middle*, averaging onred a.t.«9 14,4*1 80.78 18.911 Birmingham Mlildlen, averaging oured Clear Back* (long ham, aquare ■hould'- off), >ra«n n.84 IT.tM 11.60 18.81 <8.t>> 18.01 IH.70 n.Bfl 1«.W a«4* ia7« 10.74 18.18 Olvar Baok*()>hort ham, regular iho '111. off), Hrem Cluar Belliea (long ham, *quara ahouMr: otO, graan .... IMW WM Rib Bellla* (thort ham oCl, green 8.M 19.M ao,M tl.fll II.IM 10.11 M.m 41.10 10.88 *4.flH W.tl* 44.00 i«. -i . tu.w •l.W '• " Mem Pork or Prime Mem, per hng '• * • • " " entire H<«*, Tanked. exnepUng Loin*. Skinned Bhoolilara, and 8. C. Ham*, per hog I ! ATiBikai Wnoirn nr Ocrm Miath, awd Laiw Yiauwr Ri Ijtc llooa or llu to 4Si) Poimpa. 100 16.15 III.8H IH.IU 1U.68 im 18 10.80 17.00 0.8U 18.11 990 88 04 17.44 800 86.90 17.HU ilU "l8,«l' 890 1M.46' 80.89 11.96 14.99 180 M 160.98 85.04 66.96 "40.70 aau ' '18.66' a«i ■ 18.86' «0 ■ 19.46 880 19.gi| no "9li.M 8H.H8 l».(IU 17.88 189.41 180.08 4181 04.89 "4704' 880 "n.m' "km 94.01 18.8U 17.8U 1'I8.18 186.61 49.88 60.44 ' '48.86 890 ' Urn "i\M UM 18.50 18.87 140.96 1HU.8U 48.44 08.19 " '49.00' 400 "'•8.'l8 " ')W.48 96.98 18,M) 18.70 150,79 190,98 44,60 79,18 ' 'M.iw' 410 "88,78 " "9:1,04' 490 ■ "w.iw" "iJ.iiit' 480 ' "lii.M * 'l»4.l7 440 ' '94.8O ' '84.78' 4BU 10.70 18.88 10.15 18.68 17.83 18.% IU.60 14.l« 118.04 140.40 88.48 69.45 ■ 'w.'iii' 08.55 40.50 08.94 17.80 19 50 10.86 14.68 110.80 151.84 84.68 54.80 ' '89.4'9" 07.70 6U.04 01.16 19.01 80.86 11.6(1 15.46 184.84 101.10 80.7(1 67.7U ■ '41.W' 19.57 81.48 11.95 16.97 198.11 1)I6.UH 87.87 6U.M «.«)' 90.18 88.18 198U 10.89 181.8(' 170.87 88.90 61.19 "44 60' 80.(17 89.75 19.05 10 80 185.04 175.76 40. lU Hll.99 ' '46.88' 86. 8« nM «.«B 14.86 19.86 164.48 810.10 46.07 78.09 ' '08.80* UM) 19.79 158.94 )«6.(I4 46.78 76.78 "66.S0' 14.96 90.11) 109 (i() 900.99 47.110 16.40 90.60 1(15.-8 91I.MI 40 01 15.75 91.18 1(10 55 819,(19 48.71' 50 18 86.87 W.4» 87.87 87.74 811.67 *.)M 40.77 8U.80 46 40 47.81 48.U6 60,70 «.*« ».«6 16.19 81.70 58 60 40 70 47.86 47.14 48.87 88.81 54.71 48.58 60.10 40.80 46.88 84.40 60.08 44.38 6)1.81 61 .00 48.48 86.08 60. 18 47.08 54 58 58.81 80.86 01.84 48.75 50.78 41.46 »n.84 Mkia ».(» 14.4(1 »).TH 18.00 48.W 46.R7 48.08 60.80 W.48 84.W 8».W 61.06 68.15 64.48 80.41 68.U6 69.71 01.87 ***** 8H.86' 87.M 84.«6 117.40 16.10 2I.H1 :4.aA 41.8H 40 6^ 8«.«7 40.11 15.00 94.H6 16.8« 48.47 48.78 80.60 4».!19 10.68 88.81 1«.(IA 4A.HR 44.07 41.80 17.86 84.08 18.78 ' ***** ... ' i lioV 1 1H.T0 > 1I.M 1 H.HH t W4t 'I8.7)»' 1H.74 1».M 80.84 ' ' . .. 1^07 86.00 17.46 18.70 '18.10 19.57 80. Ml 81.00 99.41 88.18 98.86 94.68 86.08 18.86 19,56 90.86 80.00. 90.66 89.85 98.06 98.74 94.44 ' M.an B ».»4 BB.iin »iin 6N.IS6 t4.JW »4.IM 84.6U MM HI. 14 86.78 1M.7I 04.80 «*;.m 87.UH 80.08 SA.Ul ti7!ii) iX.(l8 afl.M 87.81 87.11 70.10 80.38 80.54 8I«.48 88 81 80.58 80.77 81) «8 89.57 81.70 89(10 81.UU 80.74 saoi 88.88 84.86 84.40 85.80 85.09 86.7'« 8t'..98 87.08 88.10 "*m B SOTS 1 T 17.M 18.M 10.60 87.74 80.M 80.47 8»1ii 88.78 ai.4A 80.57 84.08 si.iii) 86.00 88.88 88.80 ............ 84.77 40.16 80.10 41.00 87.54 48.88 88.97 46.07 40.89 47.61 41.71 40.86 48.0U 61.90 44.48 58.04 45.87 54.8H 47.96 56.79 48.04 58.57 60.08 60.01 61.41 09.46 69.80 64.89 ■ i 17.10 t' ».i« iwiB aii.°«B 06.18 W0« ffi.W m.9» 86.12 86.04 88.17 au.7o 41.88 48.76 44.88 45,81 '48 61' 185.00 47.88 '60. 19 140.31 48.86 ' '61.'7'4' 144.78 60.89 ■ '68..W 140.96 61.91 "64'.'97' 158.78 6a44 ' '55.6»' 168 80 64,97 109.89 66.18 ' '88.M 167.86 66.08 "80.44 171.87 69.66 01.08 08 6U 04.18 ■ 68.00 176.89 68.08 180.99 06.99 00.91 68.68 70.14 71,78 180.64 131,16 -■*«««•-■» M*«-»-,Wk*«:i^ft-;»^v4'»sc*«'j-'^»>''''-'-'^ ^ .■>»»n*.«^t.'nr-" . PORK PACKING. '>il PACKING AND SHIPPING MEATS. We have often been asked the question as to the best sizes of boxes for packing purposes, for the ditlerent cuts of meats, etc. For the benefit of those of our readers who are interested in this department we append the sizes made by some of our foremost box-makers for the different export ^'''^'- Length. Width. Depth. No. I. 85 Inches x 24 Indies x 24 inches 2. 85 " X 22 '• X 25 ♦' 80 " X 26 " X 26 •* 28 " X 18 " X 85 " 8. 4. 6. 6. 7. 8. 26 84 80 X 10 X 17 X 20 X 19 X 85 X 87 X 27 X 88 into which may be packed the following cuts of meatc at about the net weight given : No. 1. Sweet pickled hams, heavy, at 680 pounds ; light clear backs at 620 pounds ; sweet pickled New York shoul- ders at 720 pounds ; heavy clear bellies at 670 pounds ; light square shoulders at 720 pounds ; medium square shoulders at 720 pounds. All meats, of course, should bo packed as best fitted to box. No. 2. Light clear backs at 630 pounds ; sweet pickled hams at 650 pounds ; light clear bellies at 660 pounds ; light New York shoulders at 675 pounds. No. 3. Heavy clear backs at 660 pounds ; long-cut hams at 675 pounds ; heavy square shoulders at 730 pounds. No. 4. Medium and heavy Cumberland middles at 575 pounds. No. 6. Heavy Cumberland middles, Staflordshires and Yorkshires at 600 pounds. 330 PORK PACKING. No. 6. Light Cumberland middles and long-rib middles at 530 pounds. No. 7. Long clear middles at 6'20 pounds ; light clear bel- lies at 620 pounds ; light sweet pickled hams at 630 pounds. No. 8. Heavy and Extra Heavy Cumberland Middles and Staffordshires and Yorkshires at 600 pounds. These boxes are usually made of | dressed lumber, tongued and grooved with cleats outside. Boxes well nailed with cement nails, and two or tliree straps used, three being the best and safest, as these packages are handled to a considerable extent, and not over particularly in most instances. Boxes arriving at destination — that is, into the warehouse of consignee — in the best condition were those made of soft pine lumber, outside cleats, and three straps. We may also add that while great care is exercised by the packer prior to and upon the de- parture of his goods, icing the cars and in many instances re-icing, it does not follow that this care is exercised through- out the journey. This negligence accounts for so much export meat arriving out of order and condition. Boxes of meats may be so stored aboard ship that all the previous care in the world couldn't possibly counteract this gross carelessness. Then, again, meats lay on the dock quays, exposed to the weather in many instances, until the pre- scribed allowance of time by the Dock Board has expired. Many of our exporters, who are aware of these facts, have men at seaboard attending to these matters, others have not, and in consequence run great risks. Many exporters have their goods received and warehoused as soon as possible after arrival at destination. Others again allow their goods to lay around the docks and be finally shipped per railroad in open cars, by some cartage firm, to destination, perhaps in the Midlands, witli highly unsatisfactory results. The cost of packing meats for export is about 20 to 25 cents per 100 pounds (labor, salt, boxes, etc., of course), but may possibly be done cheaper. This is a safe calculation, ;-rib middles ;ht clealr bel- 630 pounds. Middles and These boxes and grooved :ement nails, ist and safest, i extent, and 8 arriving at ignee— in the nber, outside t while great upon the de- my instances ised through- for so much n. Boxes of the previous ct this gross dock quays, ntil the pre- has expired. le facts, have ers have not, ^wrters have possible after teir goods to r railroad in I, perhaps in PORK PACKIJfO. 881 out 20 to 25 course), but ) calculation, however, under most circumstances. The average amount of salt used per box in packing is about forty pounds. When meats are packed in borax about eight pounds per box is a fair average, which means at the lowest calculation an expense of sixty-five cents per box for borax alone, which expense must ti' a certain extent be covered. In the first place, meats are ])acked in borux to prevent shrinkage, to preserve color, etc. ; consequently, if the theory of shrinkage is correct, no allowance on the meats need be made when weighing, which is usually the case when meats are packed in salt. On the other hand, an addition of one per cent, may be made to the actual weight, and this to a certain extent covers cost of borax, and we find that upon arrival at destination the shrinkage is not in excess of amount allowed and expected. In weighing dry salt meats for export actual weight may be marked on boxes with safety if they are properly packed — properly packed meaning packed as tight as rioagible. All boraxed meats should be as dry as possible pr )i ! nf^aaing through borax ; the same maybe said of dry salt 1 V lough, of course, unless much trouble is taken, it is \ '1' . :^h impossible to well dry salted meats. What we want is, of course, that after being well dried, meats packed in salt will undoubtedly become briny and reach destination in much the same condition they left the cellar in. On the other hand, meats well dried and packed in borax may possibly come out in very nice condition, or they may just as easily come out slimy and pasty, which is oftener the rule than the exception. All kinds of methods are resorted to to have dry sdlt packed meats come out in nice condition — dry, that is. Some packers to some extent succeed in this by having their meats well wiped and spread, prior to packing, in a dry room, of course ; some have gone to the extent of kiln-drying their salt, etc., all of which is a whole lot of nonsense. Any kind of export meats, salted, should be taken from bulk, wiped as dry as practicable, and f ' 1 1 illl«ip"««lP>«MPHW>WS!r-- ■mi^mKmttgffifgffglf^miii m'm rtitmmvi 3.38 POllK PACKIXQ. packed at once in fine salt without any more bnmbug. Meats handled thna will come out satisfactorily to all con- cerned, both as regards shrinkage, color, and condition. We would again say the tighter the boxes the better will the meat turn out. If boxes could bo nuulo air-tight they would be all the better. Twelve per cent, tare is about cor- rect when shipping. We have commented previously upon the necessity of getting up these meats in No. 1 shape— that is, faultless, or nearly so, as regards cut, quality, color, etc. To cater to such a trade as the export without regard to these items is a loss of ti^e find money. There are several good firms who are largely in this business and have been for years, which fact alone would demonstrate the investment to be a profitable one when properly conducted, and it mugt be properly and thoroughly conducted. Even at present a sur- vey of the cellars of the different packing-houses of the coun- try discloses the fact that stocks of English meats abound therein, despite the low quotations of English markets. When figuring on these quotations it is necessary to take into consideration the following items, viz. : Cost of pack- ing, freight to seaboard, ocean freight, including primage and marine insurance, amounting in all to about four shil- lings and sixpence per hundred-weight, varying, of course, under different circumstances. These items would covfei^ a c. i. f. sale. To ascertain cost per hundred- weight of con- signment shipment the following additional items would of necessity have to be added. Dock and town dues, cartage, storage, fire insurance, receiving and delivering charges, which amount to about one shilling per hundred-weight. Then we have brokerage, bank commissions, interest, short weight and commissions amounting to about nine per cent, of sale. Figuring on this basis an offer of 40.6 would net packer 6f cents. We merely give the above as an example, and not as present prices stuid. -lii'iitiii'-'-ir-iiHmilii ■plMiMMMHM(»M -■" J l fJ Il P )re bnmbug. y to all oon- inditioil. e better will ir-tight they is about cor- necessity of faultless, or To cater to lese items is good firms an for years, aent to be a . it must be resent a sur- i of the coun- leate abound nurkets. ssary to take ost of pack- ing primage nt four shil- g, of course, ould covt.1^ a »ght of con- ms would of les, cartage, ing charges, Ired-weight. terest, short ine per cent. 6 would net an example. Will PORK PACKING. 833 POINTS FOR SHIPPERS OP PROVISIONS TO ENG- LAND. SOME REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY THE LOXDOK PROVISION TRADE. American and Canadian Bacon Landed. — After being swept, to be weighed a box at a time net ; two pounds in three hundred-weight to be allowed as beamage when packed in salt. Three days to be allowed for averaging, and ten per cent, of bulk may bo taken. Pork and Heads in Barrels and Tierces. — Seven days to be allowed for averaging. Mess Pork in Barrels of Two Hundred Pounds, and Beef in Tierces of Tliree Hundred and Four Pounds. — Ten per cent, may be turned out for averaging, and short weight allowed if any. Over weight not chargeable. Terms : Payment by acceptance at two months to approved buyers, or by cash in seven days, less l^ per cent, discount. LARD. Bladders. — Landed to be weighed net, taking out one in five for average. Kegs weighed to half a pounds scale bal- ance to be taken as weight alternately. American Tierces. — Re-weights marked tares and super- tare. Terms: Fourteen days, less 2| per cent, discount. Beamage to be allowed one-half pound per hundred- weight. Ten per cent, may be taken for average. Other packages to be taken at actual weights. mm •w 334 PORK PACKINQ. TINNED (canned) MEATS. (/m accordance with rules of London Chamber of Cmnmerce.) Sold as described weights, but any short weight to be al- lowed if exceeding half a pound per case of 12 x 6 pounds, 18 X 4 pounds, 30 x 2 pounds, or in proportion for other sized cases. Buyers to be at liberty to refuse any case the short weight on which exceeds two pounds per case. Unless otherwise expressed, boiled beef is to be taken as meaning " boneless beef, without salt ; boiled mutton, as boneless mutton, without salt." Examination to take place where the goods are lying, or, if " to arrive," where stored after landing, buyer to have notice of time of examination and to have the right of being present and examining personally, or by his representative. Perfect tins only to be delivered to buyer. Wharfingers' charges in connection with the examination to be paid by the seller. No claim to be made on account of goods after examina- tion, except in respect of defective preservation or defective soldering, for which the packer shall be held responsible, at any time within one year from time of sale by his agent, but intermediate agents or dealers shall not be liable. I GENERAL RULES. The terms "about" or "more or less," when applied to quantity, shall mean a variation of not more than five per cent, either way, and, when applied to average sizes, the extreme range allowable shall be ten per cent. " Merchant- able," as applied to lard, means sound, sweet, steam-ren- dered. In case of excessive loss in weight on shipments, say. f Cainmerce.) ght to be al- X 6 pounds, on for other short weight ) be taken as 1 mutton, as are lying, or, uyer to have ight of being spresentative. Wharfingers' to be paid by fter ezamina- i or defective Bsponsible, at by his agent, liable. 9n applied to than five per tge sizes, the " Merchant- it, steam-ren- ipments, say. «,,»«yw,v-ait>tifa3iMate;:y.ie«a.^»>,->a^i«i^^ PORK PACKINO. 335 c. i. f. and f. o. b. sales, the seller may be called on for proof of his original weights. The seller is liable for any distinct variation from the description of any goods bought or ordered on his represen- tation. In case of nonfulfllment of contract, either party shall have the right of repurchase or resale, as the case may be, either publicly or privately, during seven business days next ensuing, or within the like time may assess his own damages on giving notice and particulars thereof ' 'e party in default, and, should he dispute such assessmb. ., lie shall, by twelve o'clock on the second business day aft^r receipt of such notice, demand an arbitration under rule 42, and, in default of doing so, the assessment shall be deemed good. When the amount of damage has been ascer- tained by such repurchase, resale, assessment, award, or otherwise, the amount shall, on demand, be paid by the party in default, and recoverable as a liquidated demand. Weights to be considered as final between buyer and seller of all goods weighed or averaged at any public wharf or quay. Invoices of goods sold "ex-quay" shall date from the average date of landing, but such date shall not precede the day of sale or tender. Where country of production, etc., is not stated, the foregoing rules are applicable. Time for making claims limited to three days unless the contrary is specified under any previous sections. Agents or merchants advancing on goods, either by cash or by acceptance, reserve to themselves the power of sale. Should any dispute arise for which provision has not been made in the foregoing rules such dispute to be settled by arbitration. I 'mm fj. 830 PORK PACKIITO. DOMESTIC PAOKINQ AND SIIIPPIVO. Domestic meats are usually shipped in bulk, that is, the greater proportion is so 8liip{)ed. Short rib middles, short clear middles, long clear middles, etc., are usually sold when fuhj cured, in lots of 50,000 pounds and upward, and shipped in 25,000 pound car-lots, specified averages. These are inspected, and one or two drafts swept in each car-lot to ascertain allowance of salt to be made, which will vary from one to three and one-half per cent. Sweet pickled meats are shipped as per contract, bulk, or in tierces ; in either c:ise an allowance is due consignee of four per cent, on hams and Ave per cent, on shoulders, that is : Tierces must be repacked 312 and 315, respectively, and if shipped in bulk the allowance is made on the same basis. Green meats, hams, shoulders, etc., are shipped block weight, specified averages. Are not supposed to be pumped except such an agreement has been gone into, in which case an allowance is made of about \\ per cent., varying, of course. The best way is to weigh from block and pnmp afterward, but this is not always done. Many of our packers who do not kill hogs, but merely buy green meats (usually hams, shoulders, and breakfast bacon) so as to cure them in their own particular way, are very much sot against pump- ing hams which have to be sold under their leading brand. They hold that to pump hams completely ruins any chance of turning out what they consider a choice, mild-cured ham. Of course they admit that pumping suits this modem sys- tem of rushing everything, and consequently considerably lessens the expense of cured meats. We find, though, that our leading packers even do not pump hams sold under their first brand. ■i^»ii)tciir«|iVitt 704 T6S 88* m. SIM tm •ISO 0U8 780 819 » 4MI BB8 WW 881 744 8IM •1 488 SIO 010 871 7S* 798 w 480 S40 «uu ««0 7*0 780 M 47« S81 6911 849 708 7 » 81 9 8 89 4 7 88 6 8 84 8 6 86 10 4 87 9 88 9 1 89 4 40 6 U 41 7 8 49 9 7 48 11 6 46 1 4 46 8 8 47 6 9 48 7 1 49 9 60 10 9 M 7 68 9 6 64 4 6 66 6 4 B6 8 3 67 10 9 69 60 1 9 01 8 8 69 6 7 66 7 «4 9 6 66 11 4 67 1 9 68 8 1 60 6 ■x. 4.80 £18 9 9 14 11 7 18 1 6 17 8 4 4 18 6 9 19 7 U 90 8 8 91 1 7 WOO 94 9 8 96 4 1 96 6 U 97 7 8 88 » 6 99 11 6 7 1 81 1 8 89 8 1 88 4 9 I;::-;.::;;;;; 84 6 H 86 8 6 8 86 10 4 88 t . ... 89 9 1 40 6 9 9 41 8 7 * J:::::;:::.::: 49 7 « 48 9 4 44 11 9 10 46 1 47 9 9 48 4 7 u 49 6 60 8 8 61 10 9 MOO 64 1 8 IS 66 8 7 M 6 8 67 7 8 ) 5S 9 1 ]8 69 11 1 At 8 ♦ i A9 9 6 68 4 4 14 64 6 8 66 8 1 06 9 9 ; 16 67 11 8 60 1 6 30! 340 POKK PACK I NO. 1-1 fa- B *• a a " I 8 I it I s s £ i j:l II « J 1 I Jl I ! Ml I ss i 1 S f 11 I € ll III! ? [I S a I §1 SKSS I r t 5 III; I I r- "k ■ I' W W l l dWil W I uw i SKSS I « r t 111 S J -u fsl; "8 » I 3 a I M 8 8 ? 1 1 8 dS s\ Ml? I if^^ illl w Illl I'OKK l'.VCKIN(». 841 i mi mill k * ' ni i:^^ tJ mm '- 9j;i)sss is? I S| 8" 3S3 w c) I i-in I >o a. -I .J g i ! (5 si i L.Jf;f^ .;, . ..m m p gp 342 PORK PACKINO. OUBIKO. Next to the thorough chilling of meats, this is undoubt- edly the most important and critical department in the pork packing industry. Not only has this department to deter- mine that the meats about to be handled have been thor- oughly cleared of the last particle of animal heat, but must cater to the fast increasing demand for mild cured meats, which is a task calling forth the best energies and the most watchful care of the curing department. To produce the required mild cured meats without incurring heavy losses, requires a strict observance of set rules regarding the temperature of the packing and storage rooms, water, etc. In their haste to place meats on the market, prior to sched- uled time, some packers have sustained heavy losses. Vari- ous experiments have amply proven, time and again, that meats require a certain time to fully cure in, and must have this length of time, pumping and higher temperatures to the contrary notwithstanding. Much differenxse «f opinion exists as to the advisability of pumping meats at all. Yet, we think, when properly manipulated, there is no doubt that the process is of some assistance in insuring and per- haps slightly hastening the curing. Of one thing we are certain, there is an immediate gain of about 1| to 5 per cent., which is a slight recommendation. Should a pump be used, great care must be exercised so as not to inject air (heavy losses may be attributed to a neglect of this rule). The pickle must be ejected from the tube prior to its being inserted into the meat, and also upon its being withdrawn. Thd pickle used in pumping is usually of extra strength, showing about 110 to 115 degrees. When the hogs are cut, all meats, where any doubt can exist as to the thorough chilling, should be spread say from ten to fifteen hours in a temperature of about thirty degrees where possible, espec- ially hams, after which they may be pumped and bulked or mnmmm PORK PACKING. 843 this is uniloubt- aent in the pork rtment to deter- liave been thor- I heat, but must Id cured meats, ies and the most ;. To produce ncurring heavy es regarding the oms, water, etc. , prior to sched- 7 losses. Vari- and again, that , and must have temperatures to 'ence of opinion its at all. Yet, )ro is no doubt suring and per- le thing we are •ut 1} to 5 per Should a pump not to inject air t of this rule), rior to its being ing withdrawn, extra strength, le hogs are cut, 3 the thorough fteen hours in a possible, espec- l and bulked or slightly salted and bulked for a day or so prior to packing. Nearly every packer has his own particular method or recipe for curing ; hence we will give what we consider the best general formula : For hams packed in regular tierces we recommend twenty- three pounds common salt, six pounds sngar, one pound of saltpetre, which will make a pickle of about 80**, when the tierce is filled with water. Marrow should never be ex- tracted where water is used, and only so where the prepared pickle is used. In some instances the sugar and saltpetre is dissolved prior to using, but this is not always practical or expeditious. It is always best to put a specified quantity of salt, sugar or syrup, and saltpetre in each tierce, then there is no doubt of the uniformity of the euro. In cases where tierces are not nsed, but receptacles of varjring capacity, then a prepared pickle is absolutely necessary, a formula for which would vary under different circumstances, and which must rest with the head of the curing department. For instance, the quality of the water, the size of the hams, etc., the size of the receptacle and its prior use, the control of the temperature, and scores of other small matters stand in the way of giving an exact formula which would bo stand- ard or reliable under all circumstances. Wn would recom- mend, where such u ttate of affairs exists, .;he use of a fairly strong pickle which would insure the cure, and packing meato as uniformly as possible, varying the strength of pickle according to averages. The most satisfactory temperature, that which has yielded the best results, for storage of tierce meats or other recep- tacles of meats, also for cellars, etc., is from 36 to 40° F., ropy pickle in such a temperature being comparatively unknown. Care should be taken not to allow tierce ston^e to exceed 40*. While ropy pickle is not actually dele- terious, it is by no means desirable, causing no end of extra labor, after which the meats present a very unin- ■imMMMiiiMii ,mmiM Wl ' .WB^ ' iWKMMIWW* HBJliM 344 PORK PACKING. P viting appeurauce. Where such trouble exists washing in warm water in which sal soda has been dissolved will materi- ally facilitate the thorough cleaning of the meats. The pre- vention of such a state of affairs is what we would advise. All tierce meats should be rolled as often as practicable dur- ing the first fifteen days, say not less than three times. Upon being packed they are of course rolled to storage, or ought to be, and this constitutes roll No. 1 ; then they ought to be re-piled in five days at the most, then again inside a week, and again in another week, making say, four rolls in at most twenty to twenty-five days; after which they may remain until cured, which time varies with the average weight of the meats. While on the subject of time in which tierce meats will cure, let us say that regular tierce meats, three hundred pounds to tierce in pickle of say 80° to 85" proof, consisting of any formula making a pickle of that strength, will cure as follows : meats are usually packed in tierces as uniformly as possible, in nearly all houses, that is there is very little difference in the weight of each piece of meat in the tierce, hence a regular rule is applicable in every case. Ten pound and under, 30 to 35 days, 14 pounds and under, 45 to 55 days, 16 pounds and under, 60 to 70 days, 18 pounds and under, 75 to 85 days, upward, figure 5 days to the pound. They may be cured prior to this, but we consider this safe. If so desired, the pickle may be drawn after the above time has elapsed. The pickle will deteriorate in strength after meats are fully cured about 25 degrees, that is : pickle showing 80° when put in tierce, will test about 55° when meats are fully cured ; of course this may vary somewhat under different circumstances. Prior to drawing pickle it is always advis- able to try a few tierces, so as to be thoroughly satisfied of the condition of the meat. Meats of the above ages will gain at least six per cent., exclusive of the gain in pumping, and often even as high as eight per cent, on light meate. •mm N PORK PACKING. 345 ists washing iu ired will materi- Mits. The pre- would adviBo. >racticable dur- n three times. ' to storage, or 1 ; then they Mt, then again iking say, four j; after which aries with the the subject of ay that regular 3e in pickle of rmnla making bllows : meats as possible, in 3 difference in ierce, hence a en pound and 45 to 55 days, i and under, 75 d. They may is safe. If so bove time has ;th after meats le showing 80° neats are fully inder different s always advis- ily satisfied of bove ages will in in pumping, a light meats. Of this, though, in th ; iul liborhoodoffour percent, will be lost if tierces are left i^^ any length of time after pickle is drawn. It is indispensable that all tierces after being used should be thoroughly washed and aired prior to being again put into use. We nmy also add that all tierce storage should have a slightly sloping floor to gutter, so that in the event of any leakers they may be readily seen and located. It is scarcely necessary to say keep a sharp lookout for leakers when packing, having each cooper or trimmer place his own mark on each tierce he handles, which goes a long way tow- ard abolishing this nuisance. We will endeavor to thor- oughly compass the subject of curing, even though we may occasionally have to refer to matters seemingly out of place, or not exactly in order. Cure for tongues packed in barrels at two hundred and twenty pounds. In the first place, tongues under all cir- cumstances must be gradually cooled off in a temperature of say 38° to 40"* or thereabouts, for at least twenty-four to thirty-six hours. Should" be well washed prior to being hung in chill-room. ITormnla for 220 pounds : 23 pounds common salt, 3 pints syrup, 10 ounces saltpetre. Fill barrel with water and roll well. Another good pickle for tongues suitable for butcher may be made with 12 gal- lons of water, 3| pounds of raw sugar, 13 pounds of coarse salt, i pound of saltpetre, and f pound of icehone. This pickle should be well boiled and all scum removed as it rises to top of boiler. It should be re-boiled about every seven weeks and a quantity of fresh salt added to it. The tongues to be cured should be allowed to remain in this preparation from fourteen to twenty-one days, according to size. Fifty pounds salt, 10 gallons water, will make pickle of 98" on salometer, add to tierce of pickle this strength 20 pounds saltpetre and make at least pickle of 115**, suitable for pumping purposes ; 100 pounds salt and tierce of water will make a pickle of 90** on salometer. I MMMMiMIMMMiiM 346 PORK VACKtVa. We now give another cure for tongues, equally as good, if not better, than the preceding one, and one ure have no hesitancy in recommending to our readers. Make a pickle of fine salt up to 90 degrees. Pack tongues at 336, and pour over them, dissolved, 18 ounces saltpetre and 18 ounces sugar, fine, then fill up tierce with the 90-degree pickle. Must be well rolled for ten to fifteen days. Should it be necessary to change pickle owing to its being thick and muddy in appearance, due to considerable quantities of blood and slime adhering to tongues when packed, and also to purging in curing, always use pickle made exactly the same as in the first instance. Tongues under above for- mula will cure in twenty to twenty-five days. Tongues for export are usually packed in kegs, and pickle should always be changed when shipping. Pickle may be made according to formula for tierces. For curing hocks and feet use 80-degree pickle with 1| pound good coarse sugar and 5 ounces saltpetre per 100 pounds meat. May be shipped in ten days without chang- ing pickle. Another method of packing hocks and feet is to put them in 90-degree brine for about five days when they may be taken out and parboiled, then packed in kegs in spiced vinegar which may be made as follows : Take two large barrels and put in each 40 gallons condensed water, then add to each barrel acetic acid 5 pounds, molasses 2 gal- Ions, yeast 2 quarts, mixing well and allowing to stand about two weeks, when you will have a good vinegtir. Must be kept in warm place and plenty of air allowed to get to mixture. In this way you will have a supply of vinegar always on hand. Should you require vinegar stronger, add molasses. The spicing to be added when packing. Cure for bellies packed in tierces as follows : Twenty pounds of salt, coarse, 6 pounds sugar, coarse, but good (always use good sugar on all meats, it pays in every respect) and 1 pound saltpetre. If packed in other receptacle use the same PORK PACKING. 347 aally as good, le we have no Make a pickle 8 at 336, and setre and 18 the 90-degree lays. Should iing thick and quantities of ;ked, and also le exactly the ier above for- Tongues for should always ade according ickle with l\ aetre per 100 ithout chang- Ics and feet is ays when they ed in kegs in '8 : Take two densed water, lolasses 2 gal- ing to stand ;ood vinegar, illowed to get )ly of vinegar stronger, add eking. Curs ity pounds of 1 (always use aspect) and 1 use the same formula according to weight packed. Roll tierces the first ten days and overhaul if in tubs in same time. We scarcely need add fill tierce with water when packed. When pack- ing bellies in tubs, of course, make pickle and pour over meats. Bellies or backs packed thus will cure in twenty- five to thirty-five days, according to weight. Another method is to make pickle of about 78 degrees, using with this 6 pounds sugar and 1 pound saltpetre to tierce. This method may be used with success on California hams, Xew York shoulders, skinned shoulden, etc. The following is considered one of the very best cures ever tried on light bel- lies for breakfast bacon number one : five-eighths fine salt, ^ good sugar, ^ saltpetre. Some packers consider the saltpetre superfluous as the meats are smoked, but even so, they present a brighter appearance when saltpetre is used. The meats should be well rubbed in this mixture, and packed in a bin for the purpose and as closely as possible. Should be overhauled in 5 days and the same formula used. The floor of the bin should be' so arranged as to allow the pickle from meats to run to tub or other receptacle, to be used in packing light meats of any kind. Will cure in sev- enteen to twenty-five days, according to weight. The following test may be interesting : 40 pounds Ohio salt and twenty gallons water will make pickle of 76 degrees. Forty pounds English salt and 20 gallons water will make a pickle of 78 degrees. Most packing houses are fitted with large water and pickle tanks, size and quantity according to requirements of house. These should, where artificial re- frigeration exists, be fitted with coils from the machine, and where such refrigeration does not exist they should be placed convenient to ice-houses or schntes erected for them. As river ice contains more or less dirt these tanks should be cleaned as often as practicable, and no water or pickle drawn less than six inches from bottom of tanks. They should also be fixed so that no drowned rats or other ver- ift(,inc»?w«»'-.3C'3r??s«^5®w«Ti 848 PORK PACKINQ. i i t min caught therein, can remain there until tank is cleaned out. Wc need not urge the advisability of this precaution. The pipes connected with these tanks used in drawing water or pickle should be arranged so as to allow no foreign matter to got therein. Tierces. — May, if so desired, bo packed at the following weights : New York shoulders, Boston shoulders, California hams and skinned shoulders, in fact, all light packed meats, ' at 295 pounds when not pumped, and at 300 pounds pumped. Light hams come under this rule also. Tongues may be packed at 300 pounds. Heavy hams, skinned hams, extra heavy New York or English shoulders, should always be pumped and packed at 300 pounds pumped weight. The above-mentioned tierces may be branded 300 pounds at packers' discretion. Barrels. — May, if so desired, be packed at 190 pounds with the following meats : Prime or mess pork, back pork, rump pork, shoulder butts, bean pork, etc., and branded 200 pounds. Half-barrels. — May be packed at 95 pounds with any kind of meats, and branded 100 pounds. Kegs. — May be packed at 48 pounds and branded 50, if Bb desired. All meats in pickle gain in weight considerably, accord- ing to average and bulk in receptacle, but this gain varies considerably under di£Ferent circumstances. Meats, which may be expected to be held over for long periods, such as pork, ribs, etc., should always be packed in pickle showing 100 degrees on solometer. A layer of rock salt at top and bottom of barrel will keep pickle alive, as it were. It is something to draw on. All pickles lose strength to a con- siderable extent when operating upon fresh meats, and will when put in tierce at say 85 degrees on salometer in ten days often show as low as 73 degrees. It is not surprising, then, that under these circumstances, and in widely flue- II tank is cleaned hia precaution, ed in drawing How no ioreign t the following lers, California packed meats, ^ b 300 pounds also. Tongues skinned hams, should always f weight. The 00 pounds at at 190 pounds •k, back pork, > and branded inds with any branded 50, if >rably, accord- lis gain varies Meats, which riods, such as ickle showing tit at top and t were. It is igth to a con- leats, and will >meter in ten ot surprising, n widely flue- > I iiiiiiiiiiiiinimi POHK PACKING. 849 tuating temperatures, this weakened brine will become thick, ropy, and dead. Pickle thus reduced in strength will do more harm than good if left on meats for any length of time after they are fully cured. Meats become, after this stage has been arrived at, " pickle-soaked," and the pickle will also sour. Saltpetre will assist in keeping brine alive, but even then it will deaden and lose its usefulness. Under the present rules of mild curing, meats are not supposed to be held over after being fully cured, but are intended to be immediately handled and used, either at home or abroad. If properly manipulated, the packing of meats is not done at any great expense except for package, which cost is really nominal, properly speaking. This assertion may seem in- congruous, but remains a fact nevertheless. Our practical readers will agree with us in this, we think. We cannot emphasize too much the necessity of well rolling all pickled meats for the first ten to fifteen days. The reason is obvi- ous. Also let us again urge the necessity of maintaining a regular temperature in packing and storing rooms, never to exceed 40 degrees Fahrenheit and not lower than 38 if pos- sible. In our preceding chapter we omitted to give the " dry method " of curing tierce meat thus : On 300 pounds meat use 16 pounds salt, 10 pounds sugar, and 18 ounces saltpetre, rubbing the mixture well into the meats when packing. Use no water. Six to eight ounces black pepper may be used if so wished, which gives a peculiar flavor to meats much relished by many consumers. Westphalia Hams. — The Westphalia hams are made as follows : Well rubbed with dry salt and left to drain twenty- four hours. Then take 2 quarts of salt, 2 quarts of bag (rock) salt, 3 pounds of brown sugar, 1 pound saltpetre, 4 ounces sal prunella, and 4 ounces juniper berries, well mixed and boiled in 6 quarts of water. The brine is then cooled and skimmed. The hams are taken from the salt and wiped dry, and the cold pickle poured over them and rubbed in. i yi(fc,:iiJj i ll!li>JW i i i MMHMIMMIII f 850 PORK PACKING. There should be enough brine to cover the meat. IHim the meat every second day for three weeks ; then take them out, wipe dry, and a mixture of ground pepper, salt, and bran is thoroughly rubbed in, filling all cracks and openings. They are then smoked a little every day for thr«>g months or more, until completely dry, when they will keep and im- prove in flavor for years. Pyroligneous acid will keep off flies and animalculae of all kinds and improve the flavor of the meat. AMERICAN DRY SALT MEATS. Having, as nearly as possible, exhausted the packing of sweet pickled and ordinary pickled meats, we will now turn our attention to the curing of American dry salt meats, that is, meats for home consumption. Our object is to publish the successful curing of meats, not the curing which results in such heavy losses through sour meats. If our previous hints are carefully read and the directions therein faithfully adhered to, great and unnecessary losses may be avoided in any and every branch of the business. To return to our subject. Heavy side meats, such as short ribs, short clears, long clears, etc., should be spread when there is any doubt about their fitness to be bulked ; what we mean is, be sure every particle of animal heat has been^ withdrawn prior to bulking. These sides may be pumped, dipped, and rubbed when bulking if so desired, or may be pumped and rubbed (taking care to well rub shoulder end), reserving the dipping process until a few days prior to ship- ping, which arrangement improves the appearance of the meat to a great extent, and so forth, and the expense is not in excess of the gain, as it were. These sides ought to have a good covering of coarse salt, and upon rebuiking, in seven to ten days, or at the convenience of the packer, should be administered the same dose. eat. ISirn the take them out, salt, and bran and openings, throe months 1 keep and im- 1 will keep off e the flavor of TS. he packing of will now turn ry salt meats, r object is to at the curing mr meats. If the directions ecessary losses e business. I, such as short I spread when bulked ; what heat has been^ ly be pumped, ed, or may be ihoulder rad), prior to ship- arance of the expense is not ought to have king, in seven :er, should be PORK PACKINO. 8fil As regards bulking muata (where pmcticublu), it is not necessary to bulk high in first suit, but upon robulking, bulk high and close for every reason. Bucks and bellies may be bulked at once and well rubbed, rebulked inside a week and process repeated. Ilegular shoulders may be treated the same as backs and bellies, except thut as a pre- cautionary measure they may be pumped and a little nitrate of soda scattered over blood-vein. We may be panloned for again repeating bulk all meats close, it takes up no longer time and the gain is great in every respect. It is a common rule to figure short ribs fully cured at one day per pound, thus : A fifty-pound short rib is con- sidered fully cured in fifty days, and the same rule may ap- ply to the above-named side meats. Bucks and bellies will cure, according to size, of course, from twenty-five to thirty-five days, and regular shoulders in forty to fifty days, according to average. These meats are usually shipped in salt, and after the above-given time to cure in, may perhaps lay over a week or so. At aiiy rate, very seldom any diffi- culty arises or are losses sustained in smoking dry salted meats. The very opposite may be said of sweet pickled meats. Care must be token, prior to smoking sweet pickled meats,'that they are fully cured, or trouble will undoubt- edly follow. Light clear sides, extra clear sides, etc., may be put up in much the same manner as any other men- tioned side meat, with th)s exception, that more satisfactory results follow when the pumping is omitted (not speaking of extra clears being pumped), and not nearly so much salt used. Light clears nmke a very desirable bock and belly, the size of either, of course, being made to suit present de- mand. This is an advantage in bulking as clears instead of as backs and bellies ; also they can be bulked clpser, and a more uniform cure obtained. A tour through the various cellars in the country dis- closes a great variety of methods in handling, bulking, etc. »B;j;*a i ;ABi»ii ii ii «i i ii i i i»i > ii)--Uiui». i MiK !i M i j.'»Mwi'« 809 POBK i>ACKIXa. Wti tltink tho collur in ultogotlior too much iiogloctod in muny Iioubuh, wliicli ututo of uffuirs Hhoiild not have uny uxiHtonce. Whut u great suving it would be to niuny of our packers if their buHiness were thoroughly uud properly conducted in every do|Hirtuient. Tho pork-pocking indus- try is scarcely out of its teens, though perhaps we can safely say it is out of its infancy. What great possibilities yet exist to all interested in the business, however remote, and these possibilities will in the near future be utilized. What the packing industry of thirty years ago seems to the packer of to-day, the packing industry of to-day will seem to the packer of ten years hence. 77ie National Provmoner will do its share in bringing about this certainty. It has always looked to tlie advancement of the industry, and will con- tinue to do so until the highest possible point has been gained. Meats for export are handled somewhat difiFerent in cur- ing from meats of home consumption, color being one of the most essential points in this trade ; consequently a con- siderable quantity of saltpetre is used, or nitrate of soda, either of which answers the same purpose. We can safely add that in many instances entirely too much of this mater- ial is used. There is no necessity to use saltpetre as salt would bo used, as a slight but uniform covering will have tho desired effect, if the meats are bulked so as to exclude all the air possible. This is as important u matter in the acquirement of color as is the using of saltpetre — in fact, a more important matter. Note places on side meats where the air has been totally excluded as proof of this. Cumber- land middles, Yorkshire middles, Staffordshire middles, long rib middles, in fact, all export side moats may be treated in much the same manner. In the first place, it is necessary to have a can, about quart size, with perforated lid, to be used in sprinkling saltpetre over sides or any and all meats. Sprinkle a light covering over side, using a trifle extra in ■IBB" I nogloctod ill not httvo any )e to many of and properly >acking indus- we can safely >B8ibilitioH yet !r remote, and ilized. What to the packer 1 seem to the 'opiMtoner will It has always and will con- >int has been lerent in cur- being one of [uently a con- rate of soda, We can safely )f this mater- tpetre as salt ng will have as to exclude natter in the re — in fact, a meats where Is. Cumber- middles, long be treated in is necessary ;ed lid, to be nd all meats, rifle extra in wiLutJiiitMim ' l>OKK PACKING. 8M neighborhood of shoulder juitit, after which a fair covering of flno Malt, rubbing shoulder and back a trifle extra. Where pockets exist, as in long rib middles, for instance, especial care should be taken to well rub vacancies left by extraction of shoulder-blade and leg bone. What is termed a pocket slick can be used to great advantage in the acctom- plishment of this. These sides may be bulked in flrst salt ten or flftecn high, using covering uf coarser side meats, clears, for instimce, to assist in excluding air. They may bo Tobulked in seven to ten days, using a light covering of flno Bait, and bulking as high as possible. In overhaul i g, the projecting rib is sometimes sawn off tho Cumberland mid- dles, and in other instances this is left until the meat i» packed. Either way is satisfactory, tho latter perhaps moro so. All export meats should as nearly as possible be put to cellar from cutting bench in shape to ship, trimming meata when ptusking being anything but satisfactory or economi- cal. Square shoulders should be sprinkled lightly with saltpetre, sides and butt well rubbed with salt, with an even and fairly liberal quantity sprinkled over saltpetre. Should be bulked as squarely and closely as possible, and overhauled in seven to ten days, using covering of fine salt and bulking reasonably high. Export side meats may be shipped in win- ter, packed in salt, in fifteen days, haviag ample time to reach the fully cured stage in transit. In summer these meats should not be shipped under twenty-five days in salt, and must be fully cured when shipped in borax. Square shoulders, being usually packed in borax, should always be fully cured. Long cut hams may be cured same as Cumberlands, etc., and shipped under same rule. It is a more difficult matter to obtain color on long cut hams, owing to not being able to bulk, so closely, thus necessitating the use of bins and covering top with short dears to, as far as possible, exclude air, which procedure is of material assistance. After this color has been acquired ■hmbmmM I 354 PORK PAt'KINO. 118 it were, it iM ii ditficiilt niittter to rottiin it. au jumo rule must bo obsorvoil in Hhippiiig us in curing ttml ulking, tight boxes und close packing being essential. Haol^s and bellies, cured sumo us side moats, und may be siiippod under same rule. SMOKE DEPARTMENT. There are numberless theories in regard to tlio best meth- ods of smoking, and considerable time und money have been spent in experimenting — the principal object in view being to reduce the amount of shrinkage and shorten the time re- quiroo ut the fur- nnce, and the remainder of it on the way. And a very thor- ough plan for "quick smoking" is to prevent any of the smoke from escaping, and keep it in constant circulation by means of a fun. While there is an undouhtod saving in all of these meth- ods, we doubt very much if nay of them will come into uni- versal use. Meats which iiave not been dried before or while smoking, will not lake so good a color, and through sweating will soon lose even that, and become muddy, streaky, and flabby. It is positively necessary, in order to make smoked meats which will stand handling and ship- ment and still " take the eye," that they should have re- ceived a certain amount of drying, preferably before the smoke is applied, and we have found the following method give the best results : After your house is filled allow it to drip for about one hoar, then open all your ventilators (top and bottom) and it* ' me a very much increased consumption. Formerly Boar' v>i Trade regulations discouraged advances in the line of cutting and curing, as it was no benefit to be better than "regular," but the advent of a few foreign houses with their more careful methods in our domestic smoked meat trade, compelled our home packers to give us an article very much superior to the dirty, hairy, salty, grimy stuff of a few years ago, when it was customary, in- stead of stringing the side, to make a slit and poke the dirty stick through it. Pork products do not yet hold the position they ought to, and can hold if treated carefully and wholesomely ; and we hope the competition and emnla- *. l !ll JJIUMW mm I made before when through id as the jvash- arms in order out great dis- any practical ter fully up to isher holds the scrubs it until 00 slow in this power to pro- two such ma- cheaper work have seen are 1 meats, after ' trimmed off, te fire of coke, lis is to make asparent, and for improve- at with these Bonsumption. ged advances benefit to be few foreign )ur domestic rs to give us hairy, salty, istomary, in- ind poke the yet hold the »d carefully I and emula- PORK PACKING. 357 tion of the smokers to obtain a reputation for their "brands" will keep on increasing, until bacon is as much the rich man's friend as it has hitherto been the friend of the poor man. In summer, when meats are sufficiently smoked, the fire should be promptly removed, and the ventilators and doors o^iyued, so that the meats may be cooled off as quickly and thoroughly as possible. From the time the smoke is taken off until the meats are canvased, they should be handled as little as possible and, as near as is practicable, in darkness. All the rooms should be darkened and only artificial light used, and that only where and when positively needed. Unceasing vigilance should be used to prevent the piling of smoked meats, either before or after canvasing, as piling breaks the tissues joining the layers of meat together, making openings for the lodgement of flies, blue mold, and slime ; it also forces the oil from the meat, thus causing shrinkage. There is not the slightest use in canvasing meat and then throwing it in piles (as we have frequently seen done) to await the yellow washers, until the canvas becomes partially saturated with oil, for the fly places its eggs as readily in the oil as in the meat itself, and the progeny seems to have no difficulty in making its way to the choicest pickings. In addition to handling the meat in the dark, we would advise rubbing it in pulverized borax before papering, or the use of parchment paper instead of the straw-paper generally used. Flies do not touch boraxed meat, and it prevents shrinkage. Parchment-paper, being impervious to oil, prevents it from reaching the covering and thus acts as a fly preventative ; it also, by reason of its closeness of texture, prevents a considerable amount of evaporation and does not adhere to the meat. It is more expensive than straw-paper, but has so many advantages over the latter, that there ought to be no question as to its greater value. The use of burlaps instead of yellow wash is rapidly displacing : I .; i ! »*Mmtammmt 358 PORK PACKING. the latter. However, as there are still a number of our less progressive brethren who still believe in it, we give them a recipe which will lielp to make " one baud to wash the other : " To Tellow Wash 2,600 Hams.— 750 pounds barytes, 20 pounds chrome yellow, 15 pounds glue, and 100 pounds flour. The yellow wash-tub should be so arranged that a steam-pipe can be lowered into it. Fill the tub half-full of water, mix in the flour thoroughly, taking care to see that all the lumps are dissolved ; dissolve the chrome in a sepa- rate vessel, then add it and the glue to the flour ; bring the whole to a boil ; constantly stir, and gradually add the barytes : make your wash at least a day before you require it, and when using it stir it frequently to keep the barytes from settling. Two thousand five hundred hams, 15 pounds average, in canvasing will use 1,127 yards of muslin, lOJ pounds of thread, and 789 pounds of paper. A nice-sized paper for canvasing is 32 by 22, weighing about 80 pounds per bundle of about 500 sheets. Another yellow-wash rec- ipe : 450 pounds barytes, 25 pounds ryo flour. Mix well while dry, then add enough cold water to make requisite thickness, and boil fifteen minutes. Mix 25 pounds glue in warm water until thin, then boil, after which mix all the above together, adding 30 pounds chrome yellow which has been soaked in cold water four or five hours. Must be well mixed. All the smoke-house and canvasing-room ventilators and doors should be protected with very fine screen wire. It does not usually happen that meats are required im- mediately for smoking as soon as fully cured, consequently the bulk of such meat; when wanted have taken more salt than would please the average palate, and if smoked without soaking would show salt over the entire surface and soon have a rusty and unmerchantable appearance. Some smok- ers draw the pickle a considerable time ahead, and allow the w of our less give them a to wash the Is barytes, 20 100 pounds anged that a b half-full of e to see that me in a sepa- r ; bring the illy add the you require 3 the barytes IS, 15 pounds muslin, lOJ A nice-sized t 80 pounds )w-wa8h rec- . Mix well ke requisite iinds glue in mix all the w which has fust be well tilators and ivire. ■equired im- onsequently n more salt ked without !e and soon ^ome smok- id allow the PORK PACKINO. 359 meats to become slimy. This has a better effect than soak- ing as, in addition to purging the meats of surplus salt, it gives them a mellow flavor. This method, however, requires more time and attention and more thorough washing. Meats of a like age need more soaking in winter than in summer, owing to the greater solidity of the meat in cold weather. The following table we regard as safe and sufii- cient : PICKLE CUBED MEATS, lu Winter. If 40 days old, soak 1 hour. " 45 to 50 " " " 3 hours. " 50 " 60 " " " 3 " " 60 " 70 " " " 4 « " 70 " 80 " " " 5 " Tn Summer. If 50 to 60 days old, soak 1 hour. " 60 " 70 " " "2 hours. " 70 " 80 " ■ " " 3 « " 80 " 90 " " " 4 « DRY SALT CUBED MEATS. In Winter. If 30 to 40 days old. soak 1 hour. " 40 " 50 " " 2 hours " 50 " 60 " " 3 " " 60 " 70 " (i 4 a " 70 " 80 " " 5 " " 80 " 90 " " 6 " In Summer. If 40 to 50 days old, soak 2 hours. " 50 " 60 " " " 3 ♦* " 60 " 70 " " " 4 " " 70 " 80 " " " 5 " " 80 " 90 " " " 6 " mmm nm ..-v™. -. --vOTl*^** PORK PACKING. If the water h kept rnmiing (by pumping or otherwise) one-lialf this time will have the same effect. In putting the meats into the soaking vats care should be taken to keep the skin side up, so that there may be no place for the water to beconio lodged and sour in case it is not convenient to remove the meat from the vats immediately after soaking. The vats should be nearly full of water before the meats are put in, and the water, if not kept in circulation, should be changed at least once, and if the meats are ** hard salted," twice. Where water is expensive we would advise the use of a centrifugal pump in order to create a current. Run- ning water, even if a little salty, is more effective than fresh water if perfectly still. In the most economical arrange- ment we know of for the soaking of meats, the vats are placed on a level with the floor, ko that the meats can be dumped into them either from the trucks or out of the tierces. The vats have sloping bottoms and a partially hinged side, so when the meats are sufficiently soaked and the hinged part of the side lifted, the meats will of their own volition slide out of the vats and onto a stringing table placed in front of them. This arrangement necessitates the elevating of the meat one floor higher, but is more rapid, saving at least the labor of two men and a lot of hard work. SAUSAGE DEPARTMENT. Sausage-making is fast becoming one of the leading feat- vires of the pork- and beef-packing industries, and the de- mand for this class of ^iroduct seems to be on the increase, which is not at all surprising when the following items are taken into consideration. There is no waste in production, and this article of food is cheap, appetizing, and easily cooked. Every packing-houso is. ative branches of the pork-puoking industry — a depart- ment where tlirough ignorance or neglect great losses may be sustained. In the first place the best und safest tanks are made of |-inch steel with cone-shaped ends of |-inch steel, and are usuully about 1^ feet deep and 6 feet in diam- eter, und have a capacity of about 25 tierces lard. Should be double riveted up sides and caulked inside and out to pre- vent acids penetrating seams. Manhole 20 by 15 inches in head and a drop bottom (»f 18 inches. One air-cock on cone and one on tank proper about six inches below cone, one of which should always be left open when cooking. Fitted also with 2-inch blow-off pipe, with safety-valve, and a 2-inch blow-off pipe on bottom cone ; l^-inch steam and wuter-pipe, with check-valvu to enter as near bottom of tank as practi- cable ; three It^-inch lard-cocks, lower one about centre of tank Mid the "tliers ^:.'x inches each above the other, but not directly so " -u!* ' ' supported on cross-beams and pillars tofoundaticv ^ pre on;, vibration, eight 9-inch lugs being usually r.--.'..: o support tank. Floors should not touch tank an' '. ;>re, as in such cases, where they do, moisture lodges ana m an incredibly short time eats a ring com- plv tely around tank. Much loss of life and property might be traced to this very cause. Not nearly enough care is taken of tanks in the great majority of packing-houses. They cannot be too often cleaned, and that thoroughly. With proper care the above-described tank is well-nigh in- destructible. Tanks should be operated as follows, and no fear need be ■mmnwmsi^i no with 1 quiirt )ut, cover cIobu- I, and remuner- try — a depart- ;reat losses may ,iul safest tanks ends of J-incl» 6 feet in diam- 8 lard. Should I and out to pre- by 15 inches in lir-cock on cone ow cone, one of ooking. Fitted [ve, and a 2-inch and water-pipe, ' tank as practi- about centre of le other, but not oams and pillars ■inch lugs being lonld not touch ey do, moisture its a ring com- property might enough care is packing-houses, hat thoroughly, is well-nigh in- . no fear need be J "aws^v^a^psap . IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) Li 128 Photograiiiic Sdenoes Corporalion 23 WIST MAIN STRIIT WIRSTIR,N.Y. 145S0 (71*)«73-4S03 aspsfP'w^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de mi Canadian Institute for Historical MIcroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques w PORK PACKING. 869 entertained as to the ultimate result : fill tank to within 18 inches or 1 foot of tank proper with stock to be cooked, close manhole, using either lead or hemp packing. Turn on steam equalizer, showing pressure of thirty pounds, which will satisfactorily cook either killing or cutting stock in five to six hours without any risk. Water should not be used, as condensation of steam is sufficient to aid cooking, and results in far more satisfactory lard. Should tank get flush in cooking, which can readily be detected by air-cocks eject- ing lard, turn off steam and blow off at bottom of tank, which will allow superfluous water to escape, after which turn on steam again and finish cooking. After five to six hour.^ allow two hours to settle, if convenient, ai'ter which blow off and remove manhead. Scatter over surface of lard about one-half peck of salt to settle refuse. Commence drawing to coolers from top cook and so on to bottom, when, if no water appears, turn on water and raise lard to cocks. Should be pumped through filter-press or pass through at least two separators on its way to coolers. If necessary to cool quickly, extra troughs running to and fro through cooler-rooms, finishing with sprinkler to lower cooler, will prove of great assistance to gain this end. Lard should be drawn as cool as possible to tierces, but to tins may be drawn at a much higher temperature to advantage. Coolers should be slightly raised at one end so as to facilitate the draining of the tank-water through drip-cocks prior to drawing, and, as we remarked on tanks, coolers cannot be too often well cleaned, and that thoroughly, too. Immediately beneath tanks should be vats capable of hold- ing at least one-half the capacity of the tank, with sufficient space besides to allow of the refuse being boiled and skimmed prior to going to press. Tank-water, when not ran to evap- orators to be converted into stick, should be run to a series of catch-basins and not allowed to escape to sewer until they have been subjected to contact with water sufficiently cold 370 PORK PACKING. enough to separate any grease which may have escaped tlie first catch-b:i8ins. The solid refuse from vats is then passed to press and subjected to high pressure, forcing thereifrom all superfluous moisture and grease which lodge in the refuse in spite of all efforts to eliminate same prior to going to press. These skimmings and pressings, which in reality are good lard, may be returned to tank and recooked with fresh stock with safety, if not allowed to lay around too long and become sour thereby. After the residue hereto- fore mentioned has been pressed the solid matter is then taken to fertilizer-room to be passed through dryer and af- terwards sacked or shipped in bulk, as the case may be, to our large fertilizer dealers, which business has of late years grown to be one of the foremost and most scientific branches of the pork-packing industry. The full particulars of this business, however, we will give later on. Of kettles there are two kinds, the tight and open jacket, the latter of which is the most popular, in fact, the only kind of kettle con- sidered of any use at the present day, though many tight- jacket kettles are still in operation, consequently we must deal with both sides of the question. The tight jacket is usually operated as follows : The stock (leaf lard, back fat, stearine, etc.) is usually dumped into the tank as follows : Leaf lard direct from the hog when killing, and back fat from the cutting-bench in chunks, with stearine added any time during the process of render- ing. Under such a rule steam sufficient to cook can operate fine or six hours with safety. It is necessary to agitate stock occasionally if agitation is not already in use. On the other hand, where leaf lard, as in rendering for " neutral," is hashed to a pulp, and open-jacket kettle is used, a very low temperature is required to accomplish or gain desired end. An agitator la constantly moving stock in this case, and water is also put in kettle to prevent any fibre from catch' ing, as it were, and imparting the usual kettle-rendered leaf' PORK PACKIKO. 371 escaped tlie then passed g thertfrom odge in the rior to going ch in reality jcooked with around too lidue hereto- itter is then Iryer and af- B may be, to of late years ific branches iulars of this cettles there bter of which ! kettle con- many tight- itly we must s: The stock lumped into lie hog when I in chunks, ss of render- c can operate ry to agitate ise. On the r " neutral," d, a very low desired end. is case, and from catch- )ndered leaf- lard flavor to "neutral," and also to settle refuse into, thereby enabling operator to get all the " neutral " possible without touching refuse. Under the latter rule stock will cook sufficiently in two to three hours. Great care is exer- cised in the manufacture of neutral, and nothing else would answer the purpose as being a constituent of butterine ; no smell or taste must exist. It is impossible to imagine any- thing more beautifully white and wholesome than this neu- tral when being taken from vats after being treated to a quite lengthened contact with ice-water, and constantly agi- tated when being run from coolers thereto. An inspection of any of our packing-houses or butterine manufactories where this neutral is manufactured would convince the most sceptical of the truth of our statement. Prime Steam Lard is made from the superfluous fats from killing and cutting departments, and rendered in tanks by the direct application of steam. No salted stock can be used therein without risk of detection and consequent re- jection by purchaser. It is necessary to mix killing and cutting lards, equal percentages, to make regular either in tanks or coolers prior to drawing, or if drawn separately the "killing" lard is right in line for rejection as being off color, and will also have that gut flavor so objectionable. All stock requiring it from killing department should be well washed, such as guts, heads, etc., guts especially. Very little of tlie gut refuse goes a long way, as an old packer re- marked in our presence recently, hence the necessity of well washing such stock, not forgetting in the first place the thorough splitting of these guts. In extreme cases super- carbonate of sodj. will be found a very effectual agent in bleaching and purifying to a considerable extent any lards which may have been rejected, using about one-half pound per tierce (dissolved) to each tierce of lard. Recook with open head tank half full of clear water, turning on suffi- cient steam to boil for two or three hours, after which allow as much time as possible to settle well, the longer the better. Another method is to use a mixture of sal soda three-fourths, borax one-fourth, with just a trifle sal ammoniac, say two ounces per pound of foregoing, and use same as supercarbo- nate of soda in every respect. Another recipe is boracic acid and chloride of potassium, equal quantity, and half quan- tity nitrate of soda, as per foregoing instructions. It is ad- visable in every case to make a trial test of these and all other recipes prior to operating on large quantities of any stock. Kettle-rendered Leaf Lard consists of the pure leaf lard of the hog rendered ir. open kettles, as previously explained. Heutral Lard rendered in open-jacket kettle as previ- ously explained. Kettle-rendered Lard may be made from the following stock : fifty-five per cent, back fat, thirty per cent, leaf lard, fifteen per cent, lard stearine, and rendered same as leaf lard. Above-mentioned lards are the best and purest on the market and contain nothing but the pure fat of the hog. The stearine mentioned is used only in cases where lard is expected to encounter high temperatures, and consists merely of the solid constituent of prime steam lard, the oil being all extracted. While on the subject of stearine the following tests may be interesting and instructive. Prime steam lard pressed for oil yielded as follows : November 22d : Stock, 4616 Stearine, 2124 = 46 per cent. Oil, 2492 = 54 " " 100 Temperature of stock, 46° P. ; room, 60*" F 47° test. Oil stood POBK PACKING. 373 ar the better, hree-fourths, Iliac, say two i supercarbo- pe is boracic nd half quan- ta. It is ad- hese and all itities of any ire leaf lard ly explained, le as previ- le following tit. leaf lard, iame as leaf irest on the of the hog. here lard is >nd consists lard, the oil atearine the 'e. lows : Oil stood November 28tli : Stock, 4136 Stearine, 2010 = 48.60 per cent. ;ei26 = 51.50 " " 100.00 F. ; room, 64" F. Oil stood Temperature of stock, 44° 46*' test. Stock at 44* F. and room at 52* F. will produce oil to stand 42° F. test. Labor varies so much according to facilities that we re- frain from giving estimate. A survey of any of our packing- houses will better explain the method of pressing lard than we could attempt. Befined or Compound Lard, we understand, is composed of prime steam lard, cotton-oil, and stearine used in the proper proportions, and blended while in a state of fusion and con- stantly agitated in tanks by means of mechanical paddles therein. When thoroughly blended and cooked it is run to coolers similar to regular tanks minus head or top, and con- stantly agitated in the same manner as when cooking, and also while being drawn, which is effected at a temperature which scarcely admits of its being drawn at all. The idea seems to be to constantly agitate this stock or product, we presume to prevent the different ingredients from separating or becoming streaked. It is sold for what it really is, com- pound lard, so that no deception is practised at all. The price is sufficient guarantee of^this. White Oreaie is made from dead hogs (not using the in- testines, which go to brown-grease tank) and all other fats not fit for lard. Cooked in same manner as prime steam lard. Can be deodorized if packer so wishes at very little expense. Brown or Yellow OreMe is made from all refuse of house, and is cooked as above. 374 PORK PACKIXO. These greases are pressed, and the stearine sold to the soapmakers and the oils to the lubricating-oil manufacturers. Pigi' Feet, when not used as glue stock, may be rendered, and yield about fourteen per cent, high-grade white grease, which is profitably utilized by our large refiners. With the exception of its being of a glutinous consistency, it might be used in prime steam lard if in not too large quantities. There is nothing objectionable whatever in straight pigs'- feet grease, any more than the heretofore mentioned quality. THE MELTING-POINT OF LARD. ^ The melting-point of a pure lard is a characteristic of great value. The melting-point of the fat of the swine varies with the part of the body from which it is taken. The fat from the foot of the swine appears to have the least melting-point, viz., 35.1" F. The intestinal fat seems to have the highest, viz., 44** F. In fat derived from the head of the animal the melting- point is found to be 35.5° F., while the kidney fat of the same animal shows a melting-point of 42.5° F. In steam lards representing the lards passed by the Chicago Board of Trade the melting-point for ten samples was found to vary between 29.8° F. and 43.9° F. In general it may be said that the melting-point of steam lards is about 37° F., which is the mean of ten samples examined. In pure lards derived from other localities the melting-point was also found to vary. A sample of lard from Deerfoot Farm, Southborough, Mass., was found to have a melting-point of 44.9° F., while a pure lard from Sperry & 'Barnes, New Haven, Conn., melted at 39° F. The mean for eighteen samples was 40.7° P. While the melting-point cannot be taken as a certain in- dication of the purity of lard, nevertheless a wide variation from 40° F. in the melting-point of lard should lead at least to a suspicion of its genuineness or that it was made from ■::^^i«f'.''*'*i"iUux«J*' .■■ sold to the lufacturers. )e rendered, liite grease. With the ly, it might quantities, aight pigs'- led quality. icteristio of the Bwine t is taken, ve the least it seems to iie melting- f fat of the In steam ;o Board of md to vary nay be said > F., which rds derived o found to thborough, 1° F., while en. Conn., tmples was certain in- le variation ead at least made from PORK PAOKIXO. 875 some special part of the animal. Perhaps one reason why the melting-point has not been more highly regarded by analysts is because of the unsatisfactory method of deter- mining it, but when it is ascertained by the method used in these investigations it becomes a characteristic of great value. The difference in shrinkage of •' Prime Steam " and " Jacket Kettle Lard " is quite five per cent, in favor ox prime steam, inasmuch as there is seldom any appreciable quantity of fat left in hog tankage from lard tank, while it runs quite high in jacket kettle and still much higher in butcher's kettle lard. If packers and butchers 7i ill adopt the simple method of grinding all their fat before putting it into tank or kettle they would save time, labor, and lard, and make an article superlatively better than tit present. Small packers and butchers call use with perfect success their meat-hasher or grinder. Lard is only the fat surrounding the fibre and tissue, and the simplest method of eliminating it in the cooking process gives best results. Kettle lard and jacket lard are very frequently — too fre- quently- — depreciated in value by an effort to make the fat yield all the lard, and in this effort the outside of the cube becomes roasted and brown before the interior part can be made hot enough to break the fat globules ; hence it is plain that if the fats are ground or made into pulp, the separ- ation is almost simultaneous with heated contact and the time required in the operation reduced to one-third, and the lard, instead of a dark color, is a pure white, when the cracklings contain scarcely any lard titer pressing. GUTS AND CASINGS DEPA f'MBNT. With the increasing demand for all kind, of sausages, it is a natural consequence that this branch of the packing in- dustry is also forging to the front. There are several very 876 l>UUK PACKIKO. i Inrge flrma in this businesa wlio have branoheH in ovory {wrt of the civilized world. Some of our largest packers put up their own guts and casings, but the large majority contract them to one or another of the heretofore mentioned large Arms, who send their own men out to look after their inter- ests. For bung guts they pay pucker in the neighborhood of 2^ cents each, that is, for So. 1 bung guts ; and for cas- ings pay about 2^ cents per hog. These prices, of course, vary. If the packer can turn over to these firms eighty per cent, of No. 1 bung guts, he may consider same good work. No. 1 guts for export (wide) must bo 4 feet inches long ; prime wide, 3 feet long ; consequently small hogs would scarcely produce bung guts coming under this classification. Then, again, these guts must not be scarred. So that, taking a regular run of hogs and other items into consideration, eighty per cent, would be undottbtedly good work. Where firms handle the guts themselves, as high as ninety per cent, may be had, simply because they can them- selves use wliat guts contractors would throw out. How- ever, this is merely a matter of arrangement between packer ' and contractor. The bung guts are taken from the gutter, stripped, trimmed, turned, and inspected ; then are placed in vats containing ice-water, and must be frequently stirred. The idea is to chill them thoroughly and as quickly as pos- sible, after which they are assorted to di£Ferent lengths and grades, well rubbed in salt, tied in bunches of tons, and packed in tierces. The points are to th' ' jughly wash, chill, and salt, after which they are rea .j lur use. Will bring in the neighjborhood of five (and over) cents each. CMingt. — Soak for two days — one day in cold water and one day in warm pickle — after which allow to ferment as long as two days. Put through warm water to machine, after which they are cleaned by hand and inspected for cuts. Well rubbed in fine salt and packed in bins for three or four days, or perhaps a week, if convenient. May then 'iiliililliiiiiH^'lia.Aii •*!S5PSJB«JJ mm PORK PACKINO. 377 1 every purt :or8 put up ty contruct ioned large their iiiter- ighborhood iid for cas- of course, rms eighty same good 4 feet 9ntly small under this be scarred. items into tedly good aa high as can thom- ut. How- een packer the gutter, are placed tly stirred, dy as pos- mgths and tens, and :hly wash, ase. Will 3 each, water and 'erment as > machine, pected for i for three May then be removed, all the salt shaken out, and re-rubbed in very fine salt and packed in barrels or kegs in bunches of about four pounds each. Casings will carry easily thirty per cent, salt without having any such appearance, and as high as fifty per cent., we have no hesitation in saying. Pair hogs will yield one -fourth pound cured casings free of salt. Usually figured on an average run four hogs per pound of casings. The following figures will give an idea of the business from a financial standpoint : Ito. 1.-4 MonthM' jruUHa.-4i,n(n Hogii ; «.*« N... 1 OnU ; M,884 lb». Oaningii ; 48,«IS lb.. 8«lt ; as,IJOO lb*. loe : fWU.OS PnyroU ; fllLUO Tlerom ; |I11.00 PrelBht I>r. Cr. H. He can )wn use at tracted to, I will yield air cured, es and the ll-nigh in- reather all val of the hog is the Y the con- It, barrels, barrels be ' salt, foot- of bristles ristlos are horoughly n prior to ig a much uch better nake con- cket, who eason and then puts up and ships for whatever he can got for it, the Arms taking the winter hair usually buying sitme for from one to two cents per pound, less freight, as the case may be. Our advice would be to those killing a limited number of hogs not to lose any time on summer hair. FERTILIZER DEPARTMENT. The sol'd refuse from tanks, after being subjected to pow- erful steam or hydraulic pressure, is passed through a dryer, thereby bringing moisture test to from eight to twelve per cent., in which condition there is no danger of fermentation, overheating, offensive smell, or lr>s8 in weight. Dried Blood. — To manufacture this the blood is coagu- lated by steam, afterward pressed and passed through "dryer," and will analyze as follows : 8.50 per cent moisture and from fifteen to se^'enteen per cent, ammonia, and is sold at 80 much per unit of ammonia. Oonoontrated Tankage or "Stick" is the solid left from evaporated tank-water and is of a molasses appearance and consistency. It is afterward baked in shallow pans and then ground. It will analyze as follows : About two and one- fourth per cent, of moisture and fifteen per cent, of am- monia, and is sold per unit of ammonia. Tankage is the solid refuse from tanks and when dried will analyze nine per cent, ammonia, twenty por cent, bone phosphate, and about 8.60 per cent moisture. If regular run of blood and pigs' feet is included it will analyze about 8.50 per cent, ammonia and twenty-six per cent, bone phosphate. The following actual analysis, made by one of our fore- most chemists, may prove of interest. Includes cattle, hogs, axii aheep refuse : Dried blood : Moisture, 8.42 per cent.; ammonia, 17.15 per cent. Concentrated tankage : Moisture, 2.10 per cent. , Am- monia, 15.76 per cent. 380 POBK PACKIKO. No. 1 ground tankage : Moisture, 8.65 per cent. ; bone phosphate, 18.93 per cent. ; ammonia, 9.81 per cent. Raw bone meal : Moisture, 6.45 per cent.; bone pl)OS- phate, 54.53 per cent.; ammonia, 4.93 per cent. Ground st-am bone: Moisture, 5.93 per cent.; bone phosphate, 56.88 per cent.; ammonia, 3.91 percent. Dried blood is considered one of the most valuable of fer- tilizing materials and runs anywhere in the vicinity of $2 per unit of. ammonia f. o. b. Chicago, which is equivalent to $34 per ton. It is easily assimilated in the soil, consequently gives a quick return. Concentrated Tankage. — The discovery of the utilizing of tank-water for the manufacture of this material is, some people say, to be credited to a Belgian chemist, but we think it is really due to one of our own countrymen, whose place of business or office is not a thousand miles from the Board of Trade, Chicago. This material is worth 11.75 per unit, or thereabouts. These high-grade ammoniates are most in request where only ammonia is wanted by the fertilizer manufacturer. Gtoond Tankage contains both ammonia and bone phos- phate of lime and is sold at so much per ton guaranteed, nine and twenty or seven and thirty per cent., or as the case may be. It is a very desirable fertilizer to the farmer. It will run about 118 to $19 New York per ton. Saw Bone Meal is manufactured from all the bones not otherwise disposed of, and is worth about 120 per ton f . o. b. Chicago. It is a very desirable fertilizer, slow but lasting in its effects, which for pasture and wheat-growing are the very requisite qualities. Oronnd Bteam Bone is manufactured from the bone from the glue factory, which, having been treated in acids, is in a decomposed state, allowing of its quicker action in the soil, but possessing less vitality than raw bone meal. It is worth about $18 per ton f. o. b. Chicago. mt.; bone 3nt. >one pl)08- tnt. ; bone nt. ible of f er- inity of 12 livalent to tisequently I till zing of il is, some t we think tse place of the Board 5 per unit, re most in > fertilizer bone phoB- aaranteed, as the case irmer. It bones not ton f. 0. b. lasting in ■e the very )one from ids, is in a the soil, ; is worth COTTON-SEED OIL BIANUFACTURE.* THE FUIfDAHENTAL PBINCIPLES OF OIL MILLIX(4. — A SYS- TEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CAKE INDISPENSABLE. To the modem oil miller a thorough knowledge of the technical detail of the various manufacturing processes be- comes an essential condition of success. Furthermore, the knowledge must be acquired in a practical manner, if salu- tary and permanent results are to be obtained. Ten or twelve years ago, in cotton-growing districts, where an abundantly reproductive soil furnished lavish supplies of seed at low prices, the prospect of reaping a golden harvest by transforming the crude material into the naanufactured products of oil and cake was of the most alluring character. It was recognized that the oil commanded a high figure, while the cake could be readily disposed of on a perma- nently active market — conditions which are remarkable by reason of their absence in current times. The facilities with which supplies could be obtained, and the knowledge that the manufactured products gave more than a reasonable guarantee of early and profitable returns, materially enhanced the value of *^e business, and attracted the attention of many to whom its peculiar characteristics were utterly unknown. Mills sprung up as if by magic, and the whirr of machin- ery was heard for the first time in many of the distant cot- ton-growing districts. The opinion was wide-spread that he who used the most seed, and therefore made the most oil and oake, made the most money. Unfortunately,' this fal- lacious impression obtains in very many quarters to-day. The seed was rushed through each of the manufacturing •(P(Wtiglited.) """m^ wm as;; COTTON-SEED OIL MAITUFACTUBE. t processes— linting, hulling, rolling, cooking, and pressing — regardless of the fact that no more wasteful method could be possibly pursued. The system is prodigal ip. the highest degree. This was unavoidable, owing to the peculiar conditions which controlled the situation. In extensively cultivated cotton districts, such as are to be found in the South, in which a new industry of wide proportions and illimitable pos- sibilities suddenly started into life, the logical consequence was that many who saw the trend of the times, and were possessed of sufficient financial stability, determined to im- prove the opportunity by embarking into (to them) an un- known and difficult manufacturing industry. But the in- centive was too salient to withstand — that of metamorphos- ing the hitherto considered worthless crude material into the valuable manufactured products of oil and cake — and if any scruples were entertained as to their incapacity con- cerning the management of the business thus opened out to them, they were speedily overcome, and the work of mill construction and subsequent manufacturing went on apace. The knowledge of the requisite machinery, methods of operation, or the fundamental principles which govern the manufacturing processes, was limited to comparatively few. Mills were erected and put into operation frequently under the immediate supervision of incompetent men, without the mature deliberation which such an important undertak' ing deserved. The men referred to claimed the significant appellation of experts, and were said to be identified with linseed-oil interests in the Northern States, but their claims were far from being sustained by subsequent results. Not a few plants were put together lacking the indispensa- ble requirements which are concomitants of efficient work, whilie a thoroughly equipped mill, where such was in opera- tion, was conducted on principles foreign to regulurity, and therefore detrimental to permanent snocess. U>^ If. C0TT0N-8BED OIL MANUFACTURB. 383 ind pressing eful method digal ip the ir conditions ly cultivated he South, in imitable pos- consequence es, and were lined to im- hem) an un- But the in- letamorphos- (naterial into cake — and if opacity con- tpened out to irork of mill 3nt on apace. , methods of h govern the .ratively few. uently under len, without nt undertak' le significant sntified with but their uent results, indispensfr- Bcient work« vas in opera- clarity, and The ruling prices of the crude and manufactured prod- ucts were auspicious — that is, seed was obtainable at a very low figure, while oil commanded a very much higher price than has since obtained, and more than double the current figures. These were circumstances which enabled the crusher to meet current obligations, notwithstanding the presence of wasteful processes, and coincidently leaving Bufiicient margin of profit to excite the interest of others who were contemplating similar action by launching into the spreading industry. Under these peculiar circumstances the crusher could af- ford to disregard many of the forms in the respective proc- esses, of which he was doubtless ignorant, and of which a strict adherence thereto becomes one of the indispensable features of modem oil milling. This is owing to a com- plete reversion of former conditions, high prices for seed and low prices for oil and cake, the situation being intensi- fied by the existence of keen competition. The latter conditions now obtaining, the prudent manu- facturer is constrained to estimate his prospective profits on the basis of systematic and economical methods, unremit- tingly maintained from the moment the seed is caught up to be denuded of the adhering cotton, until it leaves the hydraulic press in the form of oil and cake. It is an incontrovertible fact, as determined by the writer on numerous occasions by analysis of cake, that the great majority of mills, even those constructed under the most approved plans, permit a very much larger proportion of oil to be left in the " ke, by reason of defective work, than is consistent with e nent management. It is therefore palpable that a mill may be equipped in first-class fashion, possessing all that is essential in the production of satisfac- tory results, and yet wasteful methods characterize its operation. For instance, it is impossible to procure good xeenlts unless a regular feed be maintained on the roll8> 1 ■'!&f 884 COrrON-SEED OIL MANUFACTURE. and adequate time taken for heating and agitating the con- tents of the kettle, while the final process— that of the oil expression by hydraulic pressure— should be maintained un- rielaxed for at least thirty minutes. By rushing the feed through the rolls, to make time, the seed is imperfectly ground, which, together with curtailment of the normal cooking period in the heater and of the requisite time for the perfect extraction of the oil in the hydraulic press, produces a high percentage of oil in the cake as the inevi- table result. However efficiently the succeeding processes may be maintained, the normal proportion of extractable oil cannot be procured if the rolling process be irregularly conducted. A slow and uniform feed, ground by a set of perfectly true rolls, is, after the linting and hulling proc- esses, the first important step in economical work. In addition to the regular cake analyses which should be maintained, the use of scientific apparatus of an inexpensive nature, and requiring but little attention, will enable the manuj;er or superintendent to keep in touch with every part of the mill, of whatever capacity, and to regulate the respective processes with unerring precision. The system which the writer purposes placing before the seed crushers and refiners of cotton-seed oil has never ?jeen previously sug- gested in connection with that industry. Its introduction will prove of incalculable service from a practical and econ- omical standpoint, and it will be described in detail in suc- ceeding pages. EXTREMES OP TEMPERATURE IN COOKING THE MEALS EQUALLY WASTEFUL. — SHORT TIME PRESSING BANEFUL IN ITS RESULTS.— THE STEAM PRESSURE-GAUGE AN IM- PORTANT FACTOR IN THE ATTAINMENT OF EFFICIENT WORK. As pointed out in the first article of this series, the pres- ence of a defect in any of the processes deleterionsly affects i m^- W^ffSf/!^^^ COTTON-SEED OIL MANUFACTURE. 385 ;ing the con- at of the oil dntained un- ing the feed imperfectly the normal site time for raulic press, as the inevi- ng processes '. extractable e irregularly 1 by a set of lulling proc- rk. !h should be 1 inexpensive .1 enable the with every regulate the The system eed crushers Bviously sng- introduction lal and econ- ietail in suc- THB MBAI^ G BANEFUL JGE AN IH- EFFICIENT js, the pres- oasly affects the succeeding one and the final oil yield. However effi- ciently the seed may be ground on leaving the rolls, if the treatment the crushed material is subjected to in the heater be either in excess of or lacking the normal temperature, the results will be of a decidedly unsatisfactory nature and pro- portionately destructive. In the case of a reduced temperature; from whatever cause — omission being the primary one — the subsequent operation produced by the hydraulic press, however pro- longed and maintained with unrelaxed pressure, will fail to extract that proportion of oil which should be obtained under normal conditions. If, on the other hand, it be found that an excessive tem- perature has been maintained in the crushed material in the heater — while all the extractable oil may have been ob- tained — ^unfortunately, a circumstance of rare occurrence in conjunction with efficient methods in a Southern cotton-oil mill — investigation will reveal the fact that it is at the ex- pense of destroyed bagging and hair matting, where such is in use, and discoloration of the oil. The increased tem- perature and the maximum pressure acting simultaneously on the woven material, stretch and rend it long before the expiration of its regular period of utility has been reached. The writer has seen new press bagging of the oamel-hair variety destroyed in a few hours by this pernicious neglect, while the weaker fabric, of which a great quantity is in use, under similar conditions is fractured at the first charge. When the aggregate loss entailed by the destruction of the expensive press bagging and incidental sequences of an equally baneful chaitioter, are considered on the one hand, and the loss of from one to seven gallons of nnextraoted oil per ton on the other, the adverse financial situation in which the majority of the cotton-seed crushers have been placed may be readily understood. Again, let us suppose that we have gone through the I ^^MH 386 COTTON-SEBD OH MAITUPACTUBB. respective processes in the most efficient manner, until the action of the hydraulic ram is called into requisition in the prosecution and completion of the work. Should the irreg- ular action of the pressure caused by leaks or the reduction of power at steam boilers superinduce a relaxation, the practical work which characterized the preceding processes will have been rendered abortive to a very material extent. Furthermore, the abridgment of the period essential to the thorough extraction of the oil at the maximum pressure, to permit of more frequent charges, presents similar condi- tions. It is a notorious fact that the latter reprehensible system is wide-spread, and that the policy of rushing through the respective manufacturing processes, the greatest possible quantity of material, to the utter disregard of practical and economical principles, has too many ad- herents. Clearly, the defective principles here demonstrated indi- cate the urgency of speedy reformation. A reversion of existing conditions is easily within the reach of every manu- facturer. By supinely tolerating their continuance the evils which h«ve encompassed him in the past are more than likely to be reproduced in the future. A mill in one district may be prosperous owing to efficient management, while that of another may be in adverse circumstances from its inability to successfully compete at current prices with modem innovations and more practical and, therefore;, economical methods. The first step in the amelioration of these conditions con- sists in commencing at the fountain-head — the boilers, which are the seat of power, and upon the regularity of which, with regard to the heating and pressing operations, respectively, much depends. Fluctuations of steam press- ure in oil mills are probably more pernicious in their re- sults than in that of any other industry. To obviate this difficulty, to detect immediately and recprd such occur- P"*nairi(iiiii "* '"'"""' "" ' 11 ' 'lif wi i iM nrt i i ii W *'w M(n»iMH i «r^l l M ^i» l l ii iii^ii m i JH jaj jjg "•*■ % COTTON-SEED OIL MAKUFACTUBE. 887 ler, until the isition in the aid the i.rreg- bhe reduction laxatiou, the ing processes srial extent. 1 essential to urn pressure, imilar condi- reprehensible of rushing ocesses, the ;ter disregard 00 many ad- istrated indi- reversion of every manu- ;inuance the ist are more ^ mill in one nanagement, stances from prices with I, therefore!, iditions con- -the boilers, regularity of 1 operations, stctfun press- in their re- obviate this such ooour- rences at whatever time effected, the initial step to econom- ical work consists in connecting a recording pressure-gauge with the boilers. Apart from the very essential manufactur- ing principle involved, safety and economy are best subserved in the management of the boilers by the use of this silent and incorruptible witness. Its presence serves to stimulate the flagging zeal of the indifferent fireman to renewed efforts in the attainment of uniform pressure not only on the boilers, but on the direct-acting steam hydraulic pumps, where such are in use, on the jacketed heater and through- out the entire steam connection. The watchful attendant on whom devolves the duty of regulating the steam in heater jackets and that proportion which is blown directly into the crushed and agitated material in the interior, is thus en- abled to alter the conditions according to the nature of the meal with a degree of certainty impracticable under irregu- lar or reduced temperature. For illustration, let us suppose that for some reason the steam pressure in boilers is relaxed, so that it is difficult, if not impossible, to temper and cor- rectly treat the material suitably, yet not reduced sufficiently to bring the engine to a standstill, the natural sequence is that, owing to inadequate manipulation, the hydraulic press- ure in the succeeding operation fails to extract the nor- mal proportion of oil, and the crusher is just so much the loser. The recording gauge automatically registers the oc- currence on a uniformly moving chart, thus obviating any efforts at concealment on the part of those responsible for such casualties. The salutary effect of the knowledge that an investigation will surely follow such a delinquency, acts as a powerful deterrent. THE BECOBDINO THEBHOHETEB USED TO INDICATE PAST CONDITIONS PBESBlCr IK HEATEB. -J . .J ..... ... The next proceeding in the attainment and continuance ol unifonnly practical work oonsi^^.in the introduction of 388 COTTON-SEED OIL MAKVFAOTURE. the same principle in connection with the heater, with this difference — that the temperature is gauged and recorded instead of the pressure. The steam pressure recording gauge has long been utilized, and with uniformly ' good results, in connection with steam boilers, but the recording thermometer has never been used as a means of estab- lishing the past conditions present in the heater. Its feasibility and the success which has attended this doTice in other .industries, impressed the writer with the conviction that it can be used to very great advantage in the manu- facture of cotton-seed oil and cake. It will respond to a long-felt want in a most convincing manner, by solving one of the most difficult problems in oil milling — that is, the attainment of absolute uniformity of temperature through- out the treated material. The recording thermometer, which may be adjusted to the side of the heater, would be connected by a small, flexible copper tub«, with a small coil suspended in the interior of the heater, in such a position that the arms of the sweeps, or agitators, will clear it, and yet be situated where the treated material is most affected by the live steam which is blown in direct from the boilers. The coil must be protected in a suitable manner. The interior of the recording part of the apparatus consists sim- ply of the helical form of recording pressure-gauge, while the coil suspended in the heater would be partially filled with alcohol, which latter produces variations of pressure according to the ruling temperature, the latter being exactly recorded on the accompanying chart, which makes one com- plete /evolution every twenty-four hours. This chart may be looked upon as the unerring medium for recording the incontrovertible history of the conditions which are obtained during that period. These can be re- moved daily and placed in an album which is specially pro- vided for the purpose. The value of this faithlnl conservator m aa untiring re- tggMWH^MM COTTON-BBBD OIL MANUFACTURE. 889 xr, with this tnd recorded re recording f ormly ' good ihe recording ns of estab- heater. Its ihia device in le conviotion 1 the manu- respond to a r solving one -that is, the ire throagh- hermometer, er, would be I a small coil ih a position dear it, and lost affected I the boilers, nner. The :onBi8ts sim- ^nge, while rtially filled of pressure eing exactly :es one com- ing medium conditions can be re^ lecially pro- untiring re- minder of current delinquencies to those responsible is thus readily understood. Its presence will hold the attendant strictly to the duties which he is expected to perform, and upon which so much depends in the successful termination of the processes. The changing conditions which distin- guish the ground material in the heater exact unremitting attention in grading the temperature to the appropriate degree. This device has been successfully introduced in other manufacturing industries where uniformity of tem- perature is a desirable feature, but to none is it of more con- sequence than to the seed cr usher. A steam pressure may be maintained uniformly in the boilers, and yet be very insufficiently applied to the meal in the heater, or the reverse (and perhaps equally reprehensible) condition may prevail in the form of excessive temperature, owing to irregular and infrequent manipulation of the steam valves. As in the case of the fireman, the heater attendant is perforce compelled to closely watch the constantly vary- ing temperature of the ground material and apply or reduce the amount of steam, either in the heater jacket or for that which is blown directly into the meal, in conformity with the ruling conditions. Failure to maintain uniform tem- perature, whether on the day or night watch, means sure exposure, as indicated by the chart, and the sequel to this, which ho doubtless drrads, will be obviated by efficient work. Necessarily, the changing conditions of the meal in the heater — owing probably to the fact that, among other causes, one portion of the seed may contain a greater pro- portion of moisture than that which has just preceded it, or the reverse — will show a corresponding difference on the chart, but it will not be of sufficient significanoe to affect the final oil }ield if the steam heater valves are simnltane- ously r^ulated. When the engine slows down at the noon or midnight meal hour, or at any time that it is found neces- '/? ?mesm mmm 890 COTTOK-SEED OIL MANUPACTVRB. wry to bring the mill to a atandatill for a period exceeding three or four minutes, it ia of the greatest im|)ortance that the steam jet valves should be shut off and the exhaust valves connected with the jacket dosed, if in use. Neglect of this will assuredly cause the substance to be heated and aatarated with moisture far beyond the point where economy oeasM. This overcooked material, when subjected to the subsequent pressing operation, will spread in the effort to escape the gradually increasing pressure, and in so doing carries the press bagging material with it, thus rending and in a comparatively short time destroying it effectually. On the other hand, in the event of the valves having been shut off at the proper moment, but through omission are left in that situation for a greater or less period after the engine has been again put in motion and the numufaoturing proc- esses resumed, the results are similarly pernicious in their far-reaching influence, as demonstrated by the inferior oil yield and a correspondingly high percentage in the cake. These culpable conditions, which have so frequently met the astonished eye of the superintendent, the manager, or the proprietor, as the case may be, on his arrival on the mill premises in the morning, and to whom the whole affair may appear inexplicable, whether it be destroyed prefls bagging or inferior oil yield, may interpret the origin of the difll- oulty by the foregoing details. The temptation which the small hours of the morning sometimes present to indifferent press-room help to relax their regular routine of duties is readily overcome, owing to the presence of such an unim- peachable witness in their midst. On an occasion not remote the writer stepped into a press- room at 1.80 A.M., on the night watch, and, while the surrounding conditions seemed normal, a closer investiga- tion revealed the fact that the eontentt of the heater were cold, owing to the steam valves having been left untouched' from the time they had been shut, when the engine slowed down ■riW exceeding tance that le exhaust Neglect leated and B economy ted to the i effort to I BO doing nding and tally. On been shut are left in he engine ring proc- B in their iferior oil e cake, lently met a^er, or the the mill ifiFair may the diffl- irhich the ndifFerent duties is an unim- »apre8B- rhile the investiga- 'oere cold^ hed'from red down mm C0TT0N-8BBD OIL MANUFAOTURK. an at Vi M., for the double purpose of oiling up and partaking of meals. The engine having started up tft the expiration of the regular half-hour, the rolling, moulding, and pressing had been maintained without the slightest application of steam, through the unpardonable neglect of the heater at- tendant, who had been in the meantime called from an out* of-the-way quarter, where he had been quietly enjoying a sound sleep, blissfully indifferent to the fact that during the period that he had been absent from his post of duty, an amount equal to many times his daily stipend had been ir- recoverably lost. To procure the normal proportion of oil it is absolutely essential that the meal should be efficiently treated, which desideratum is only acquired by close attention, in the form of frequent tests of the meal and correct adjustment of the valves. These generally recognized dogmas in oil-mill ethics were equally well known to the operator who was thus derelict in his duties, and who would doubtless not have been caught napping had any restraining influence been brought to bear, such as the telltale thermometer. Not only was this man discharged, but so also were the two men whose work was in close proximity to the neglected heater — a fate which they justly merited, owing to the palpable indifference they dis- played to their employer's interests by silently tolerating such wasteful work. The use of a recording thermometer would at once disclose any defect in the heater in the form of a flaw or crack. The leaks resulting from such render it impracticable to turn out a uniformly cooked product, and on failure to caulk or stop such leaks, whether in a single casting or wrought-iron heater, the apparatus should be abolished for a neMr one, and by so doing economy is best subserved. The trustworthy operator would welcome the presence of such an innovation, for the reason that, should any defect be ■ipSMr''- T^mwim 892 U0IT0K-8XU) OIL MXSVfACtVRM. demonstratod of a aerioua nature, auoh as a low oil yield, the thermometer chart, shuwiiig u uniform temperature through* out liiri watoh, in a guarantee of duties faithfully perfurnied, and an indication that the rolling or pressing operation is at fault instead of the cooking. PRESSURE AND ITS CORRECT APPLICATION IN THE OB- TAINMENT OF THE EXTKACTABLE OIL. — THE RRCORDINO HYDRAULIC PRE88URK-0AUUE AN INVALUABLE AID. Having proceeded thus far in the respective processes, assured that nothing has been left undone that would further facilitate the expression of the oil or improve the standard of the work executed, the next important and final step consists in the action of the hydraulic pressure. A sine qua non in the successful prosecution of the work yet to be done consists in uniformity of pressure. It is a fact that pressure produced by any system, however perfect the auto- matic arrangements may seem, will at times fluctuate by reason of some mechanical derangement in the principle used in its application, whether by the direct-acting steam pressure pump, operated in conjunction with an accumula- tor, by belt transmission, or by whatever system employed. Unquestionably, the beat form of applying pressure is that of the former, which under normal conditions gives invari- able satisfaction. But the pnmp and its efficient auxiliary, the accumulator, may be in thorough working order, the regular gauge indicating the exact pressure required ; yet, owing to some difficulty, revealed upon careful investiga- tion, but a fraction of the desired pressure may have been exerted on the hydraulic ram, the inevitable result being a fractional yield of the normal proportion of extraotable oil. This deficiency of pressure may have existed for an indefi- nite period on any particular press, during which time the manufacturer has been losing heavily. Doubtless the regn- iiw OOTTOW-Hlin OTL MAWirPACTtTRK. 898 til yield, the iri> through- perfornied, oration is at N THE OB- KECORDINO L£ AID. D proceaaes, that would m prove the ktit and final re. A sine rk yet to be a fact that ct the anto- luctuate by e principle cting Bteam accumula- 1 employed. Bure is that ivea invari- t auxiliary, order, the uired ; yet, 1 investiga- ' have been nit being a "actable oil. r an indefl- h tiine the IS the regu- lar pressure 'jr»"ge, if connected to the press, would at once indicate the (itoNence of such defective work, but the gauge is not very closely Hrrutinized by the average pressman, es- pecially during' the long hour^ of the night watch. The ayatem wluch makes possible the existence of such egregious iregularitit^ in clearly at fault, and urgently in need of speeUy reformation. Here, again, the progressive march of science may be utilized to ex(!0ll9nt advantage in the attainment of absolutely accurate work, by tho introduc- tion of the recording hydraulic pressure-gauge. The regu- lar hydraulic gauge, while indicating nurrent pressure, is useless as a reflector of past conditions. This fact fosters inattention, and is an unfailing source of incipient trouble, which at times is developed to an alarming extent — condi- tions which rarely or ever appear on the surface, but which are demonstrated by the imperfect yield,* a circumstance which is invariably attributed to poor seed or some other cause. Referring further to the" ordinary hydraulic pressure- gauge, a relaxation of from five hundred to a thousand pounds pressure per square inch may have been maintained for an indefinite period, the regular hydraulic gauge at the time showing the true condition ; but the return to the normal pressure and the simultaneous indication thereof on the gauge dial effectually blot out the events of the past. During the period that the reduced pressure was main- tained the manufacturing processes were in continuous operation ; and the inadequate pressure failing to extract the normal proportion of oil, a high percentage is left in the cako, which as oil is utteriy lost to the manufacturer. It will thus be seen that the efficient work which may have preceded this serions anomaly will have been nullified — ^the object for which the pressing operation has been called into requisition being materially fmstrated — owing to the fiulare of the press to perform its regular functions. ■IWP snMi 394 COTTOy-SEED OIL MANUFACTURE. The subsequent analysis of cake reveals the true condition of affairs ; and while it is too late to avert the evil already effected, the knowledge thus demonstrated by analysis en- ables the manager or mill superintendent to fully realize the gravity of the situation and to adopt precautionary measures to obviate similar occurrences in the future. by connecting a recording pressure-gauge to the pump — or, better still, to each press — the history of the twenty- four hours' previous work is uuimpeachably recorded. Some forms of gauge now on the market have the marking pointer attached to the tube, and, actuated by the applied pressure, it has a tendency to uncoil or straighten, a cir- cumstance which causes the marking arm to move around the range of the chart without the necossity of any inter- vening device. This gives a continuous record of the press- ure brought to bear on the ground material, and its adaptation would be a decided advanco in modem oil mill- ing. The method of treating the crushed cotton-seed in the heaters differs slightly from that of linseed when being manipulated in the manufacture of linseed oil, although the same general principles govern the manufacture of all vegetable oils. Some varieties of se^ contain a much higher percentage of moisture than others^ especially when recently removed from the plant. To the latter class cotton-seed belongs, and in the case of green wei, instead of adding artificial moisture in the form of steam blown directly into the crushed material in the heater, heat radiating from thd jacketed heaters is brought into requisition to remove the surplus natural moisture, the presence of which would otherwise be destructive of the press bagging in the final pressing operation The foregoing reference with regard to the introduction of live steam in the crushed material in the heaters, had more direct bearing on ihe linseed than the ' ^^l^w^^■*»>Jllr.>l^««»CM^m ll '^lfe'.M^JWMWj « lw ■ Ma^ | J | »^w^l^^^^^lw mi' mmmmi^ ^^^ mm COTTON-SEED OIL MANUFACTURE. 395 le condition evil already analysis en- Fully realize recautionary iture. bhe pnmp — fche twenty- f recorded, the marking the applied hten^ a cir- love around f any inter- >f the press- al, and its )m oil mill- fieed in the nrhen being 1, although cture of all ' percentage tly removed ed belongs, ig artificifd y into the I from the to remove hich would n the final nth regard material in Bd than the cotton-seed pulp in heaters, but the lack of sufficient heat in heater jackets in cotton-seed oil manufacture is as bane- ful in its results as in linseed oil manufacture. In nearly every variety of linseed, excepting the watery and unripe product, a certain proportion of steam must be blown into the crushed material in the heater, in addition to that which should be always maintained in the jacket, to facili- tate the flow of oil. Ootton-seed which has been in storage for a prolonged period, during which the proportion of nat- ural moisture has largely decreased, will also require the ap- plication of live steam in the heater if the correct propor- tion of extraotable oil is to be procured. There are a large number of mills in England which oper- ate cotton-seed and linseed alternately by means of the same machinery, which, of course, includes heaters. The cotton- seed used is chiefly of the Egyptian variety, and a certain proportion of steam is forced into tbe meal in the heater in every instance to replace the naturiil moisture evaporated by reason of the prolonged period between the removal of the seed from the cotton plant and its treatment ultimately by the crusher. These conditions obtained in this country for many years ; but as the interests of the crushers are best served by working off the seed as soon as possible after the crop has been gathered, with as brief a storage duration as possible, to avoid heating, etc., and in conformity with the methods heretofore referred to, heaters specially con- structed are now used, having large areas, so. that an ex- tended surface of the cotton-seed meal may be subjected to the dry heat emanating from the surrounding jackets and bottoms, thus procuring a thorough dissemination, thereby effecting evaporation of the surplus moisture in a more sat' isf actory manner than was heretofore possible by old meth* ods. I Wf^smmmmmmmmmmm^^^SS^^^ 396 COTTON-SEED OIL MANUFACTCRE. MODERN HEATERS, THEIR CONSTRUCTION, AND MODE OF OPERATION. In the manufacture of cotton-aeed oil various forms of kettles or heaters are used. Two recent innovations, mate- rially differing in design, though similar in principle, and constructed by different mechanicians, are now in operation in some mills, and it is ciaiiued for each that they obtain a better cooked material than is obtainable by any other con- trivance. As a proper temperature in the treated material is of vital importance, no pains should be spared which con- duce to this result. In order to produce a uniformity of temperature, great efforts have been made to devise appli- ances by means of which the manipulation of the meal may be facilitated. It is essential to maintain a certain temperature consist- ent with prevailing atmospheric influences, and the ac- quisition of knowledge to eflSciently perform this highly important process is secured only by practical experience. The arrangement now in operation in the leading mills consists in three kettles, or heaters, so organized that while one is delivering a cooked charge, another is preparing a second charge, bnd the third heater is receiving its quantum sufficit, to be in readiness for the succeeding cooking operation, the heat radiating from the bottoms and jacketed sides of »he heaters continuously driving off the accumulation of natural moisture in the crushed ma- terial. The heaters inolnded in the various designs differ in size proportionate to the capacity of the mill. The design and mode of operation of the class including three in a single combination, and by the correct use of which a uniformly tempered product is obtained, is as follows : Two kettles, or heaters, which wo will call Nos. 1 and 2, are placed ana warn ■ONI MODE OF 3 forms of ions, mate- iciple, and I operation ay obtain a other con- d material nrhich con- formity of svise appli- ) meal may ire consist- td the ao- this highly experience, ding mills that while preparing ieiving its sncceeding e bottoms Iriving ott ashed ma- fer in sise esign and a single uniformly ro kettles, ite placed COTTON-SEED OIL MAWUFACTUBE. 397 in an elevated position and resting on top of the lower heater, which will be represented by No. 3, the lower part of the latter being about four feet from the floor, and the whole supported by stout iron columns. The point at which the peripheries of the two upper heaters adjoin is immediately over the centre of the lower one. In order to more fully describe the cooking operation, we will suppose it is Monday morning and the mill is about to commence the first watch of the week. The heaters are clean and, everything being in order, the engine starts, and soon the complicated mechanisms of the numerous ma- chines are set in motion. The feed is turned on the rolls and the real manufacturing processes have fairly begun. The crushed seed is continuously elevated from the hopper beneath the rolls and falls in No. 1 heater until it contains a sufficient quantity, when it is shut off and permitted to fall into No. 2 heater. Probably the form of heaters most suitable in the manu- facture of cotton-seed oil, and that which has come into general use in the leading mills, and a large proportion of those of recent construction, consists in a- set of three, sit- uated in a continuous position and on the same plane. Under the heaters, and immediately beneath a segment of the circumference of each, a steam jacketed conveyer passes the treated material to the moulding machine to receive pre- liminary formation, prior to being subjected to the action of the great hydraulic press. The arrangement of three permits an extended time for the dry heat evolved from the steam space around and be- neath the heater to radiate throughout the crushed seed, and very materially facilitates the driving off of excessive moist- ure, when such is present. The steam jacketed conveyer was designed with the ob- ject of maintaining continuously a uniform temperature on t^e crushed material from the moment the latter falls into 1^ ars COTTON-PEED OIL MANUFACTUBE. the heater until withdrawn from the conveyer, to be shaped into cake form, thereby producing uninterrupted and pro- longed evaporation. The utility of such design, both in the form of heaters and conveyer, will be readily appre- ciated by the crusher whose rav/ material is similar to that which is offered in various districts in Texas, South Caro- lina, and other cotton-growing sections at the moment. The conditions which govern the cotton-seed market in these States and the quality — ^green, and consequently full of moisture — should act as salient incentives in pursuing the most economical course in the obtainment of best re- sults. By exposing as large a proportion of the meal as possible to the action of the heat in bringing the former into direct contact with the steam jacketed sides and bot- toms, a more perfect evaporation of moisture is obtained in the heater. The sweeper or agitator revolving with the vertical shaft around the bottom, by continuously changing the position of the meal, facilitates the dissemination of the heat through- out the latter. A body of crushed seed eight or ten inches deep can be treated much more effectively in the heater than one of twelve or fourteen inches, owing to the fact that the former being less dense, the heat is more uniformly distributed, and more satisfactory results accrue. Here the Buperio.ity of the modern system of cooking over the older is made manifest. With a singi ' heater from which charges were frequently withdrawn in rapid succession, as in the case of this now obsolete method, as far as cotton-seed oil manufacture is concerned, a uniformly cooked material became absolutely impossible to procure. The material was permitted to fall into the heater rapidly and with- drawn similarly, the cooking period being inadequate, owing to the' generally crowded condition of the latter, and the ruinous policy of setting a standard time for the output of a certiun daily amount of oil and Cf^e, or, in other words. ''■3t'Mi^mu >w>a m > be shaped i and pro- p, both in dily appre- lar to that louth Caro- e moment, market in [uently full II pursuing of best re- ;he meal as the former »8 and bot- )btained in •rtical shaft he position at through- r ten inches the heater to the fact i uniformly Here the sr the older ich charges as in the ton-seed oil material material and with- late, owing )r, and the e output of her words. le for the consumption of a stated quantity of seed in a specified time, regardless of the means adopted for its ac- complishment. The mode of procedure with regard to tho charging and emptying of the heaters in the three-set system, is con- ducted so that the contents of each will have been subjected to the same period of treatment, and the proportion of heated or cooked material permitted to fall into the steam jacketed conveyer beneath being the same, as nearly as practicable, in the respective heaters. On the commence- ment of operations on first watch of the week, Nos. 1, 2, and 3 heaters are charged in the order named. The feed should be so graded, that by the time No. 3 heater has re- ceived its quantum sufficit, the contents of No. 1 should be ready for the moulding machine, and so on continuously. By means of a conveniently arranged lever, attached to the bottom of each heater, a movable slide is removed, the cooked material falling to the conveyer, to be carried along to the mould. The formation of the heater sweeps exerts considerable influence in the agitation and changing of the position of the material. The heat at once begins to act on the crashed seed, and is uniformly disseminated through the mass by the action of revolving agitators which sweep around the bottom, carry- ing the meal partly around at each revolution, thus momen- tarily changing its position, and preventing any portion from being singed or burned. When the charge in No. 1 kettle is sufficiently cooked, the withdrawal of a slide per- mits it to fall into No. 3, beneath, and at the same moment the cooking process is commenced in No. 2 kettle, which by this time has had a full complement of meal conveyed to it. The feed from rolls is now directed to the fir8t,^r No. 1 kettle, which at this point is empty, having discharged itself into the lower kettle. When the cooked meal has been withdrawn from the lat- HM ter kettle for its preliminary formation, prior to being gub- jected to the action of the hydraulic press, the material in No. a kettle is prepared, and permitted to fall into the lower kettle, now empty by reason of the withdrawal of the charge for the final processes, the successive operations being continuously maintained as described. In almost all manufacturing industries, heat and the effects produced by its agency, take precedence of all others. In the production of most manufactured products, it will be found that in some essential process pertaining thereto, heat of greater or less intensity will be utilized in some form or other. The perfect extraction of oil from vegetable sub- stances by hydraulic pressure is very materially dependent on this principle. To cotton-seed the application of this principle is of peculiar significance, and probably of greater moment than in the case of any other. Without heat and moisture in sufficient proportions, the extractable oil will remain in the crushed material, however efficiently the pressing operation may be maintained. -THE DIPFICITLTY EXPERIENCED IN TREATING COTTON-SEED MEALS 80 AS TO PROCURE BEST RESULTS. Cotton-seed, of all known vegetable substances the oil from which is extracted by hydraulic pressure, is probably the most difficult to manipulate. The greatest drawback in the manufacture of cotton-seed oil consists in the chang- ing conditions of the seed, necessitating special treatment for each phase. Meals containing an abnormal proportion of moisture and of inferior qu^ity, require prolonged treat- ment for the evaporation of the surplus moisture to prepare them suitably for the pressing operation. These untoward conditions confronted the seed crushers of South Carolina and parts of Texas recently, and in the event of the first run of the season's seed being sufficiently remunerative ittK'm>,i»ttf«jiimmi^'iiitaime>i>m»iemtnged treat- to prepare untoward bh Carolina lent 'of the imunerative to meet current obligations, not a few considered them- selves fortunate. The relatively high price for a compara- tively inferior material exercises a salient influence on thin vital question. Under these unfavorable conditions the greatest care must be employed in the avoidance of waste, by strict adherence to the fundamental principles of oil milling, or most assuredly the manufacturer will ultimately discover his financial balance on the wrong side of thr* led- ger. As the season advances the material will, however, prove of better quality, and the prospective profits be augmented in the same ratio. The uniformity of moisture which may be present in other varieties of seed, linseed for instance,' enables the manufacturer to proceed with the complemental processes at regular intervals, continuously maintained from watch to watch, and from week to week, without serious inter- ruption. In well-regulated linseed -oil mills a certain amount of oil and cake, or in other words a regular con- sumption of seed and corresponding number of press charges, is effected weekly. Excluding break-downs of a serious nature, the stipulated aggregate of manufactured products is thus regularly turned out with a degree of abso- lute certainty. The proportion of moisture present in all varieties of linseed is comparatively uniform. Probably the most immature contains but little over seven per cent., while the East India variety contains very much less, by about two-thirds. It will be thus seen that in the manufacture of linseed oil, the heater operator, by close attention, is en- abled to turn out a uniformly cooked product by means of slight alterations of the valve positions to meet the require- ments of the material under treatment. Owing to this fact, an automatic signal is operated in the leading linseed- oil mills, by means of which the operatives are apprised that the moment has arrived when the press must be low- , ^'fc'^gjj ■iiiiafi 408 COTTON-BEED OIL MANUFACTURE. ored, emptied, and recharged. In connection with this au- tomatic signal a register may be brought into requisition, by means of which the exact amount of work done by the mill may be ascertained at a glance at any hour during the week. The register simply records the number of strokes the auto- matic signal has made, which number corresponds to the number of pressings effected up to that moment, thus dem- onstrating the exact amount of work performed. The use of an automatic announcer of this description becomes impracticable in the operation of cotton-seed oil mills, owing to the variable nature of the seed — a circum- stance which places the manufacturers at a decided disad- vantage, as compared with other industries of the foregoing description. No comparatively reliable calculation can be made concerning the consumption of the raw material iu a given time. Nevertheless, cotton-seed is operated with the same regularity in English mills to-day as the linseed, the material being in the main of the Egyptian variety. A number of years ago, the writer superintended the opera- tion of a mill in England, run on this principle, the seed being, however, undecorticated, and the method — now al- most obsolete in that country — being the old box press. Seed produced by our soil, however, requires very differ- ent treatment, and in view of this fact and for the purpose of obtaining a uniformly cooked product in a stated time, so that the business may be conducted on a systematic basis, similar to that of the linseed crushing industry, the writer designed the following form of heater several months ago. The peculiar characteristics of American cotton-seed and the special requirements essential in rendering it a suit- ably cooked material, consist in manipulating the substance in the heater so that the heat may radiate throughout the mass in the most effective manner possible. Obviously, the less densely the meals rest on heater bottoms, the more surely and rapidly the influence of temperature will make COTTON-SEED OIL MANITPAOTITRE, 403 vith this au- quisition, by I by the mill iig the week. (68 the auto- londs to the t, thug dem- • I description tton-seed oil I — a cironm- icided disad- he foregoing ation can be laterial iu a ted with the linseed, the variety. A 1 the opera- )le, the seed od — now al- X press, very differ- the purpose stated time, I systematic ndustry, the eral months cotton-seed ing it a suit- lie substance >ughout the tviously, the s, the more e will make itself apparent, and for the same reason the more perfect the mixing will be. The heat radiating from *:.e steum spaces will more readily permeate the mass. And the continuously recurring motion of the sweep or agitator will materially facilitate this action. The most feasible design to procure a thoroughly cooked product, from the writer's standpoint, should consist of a three or four chambered cylinder, somewhat similar in design to the latest innovation, but differing from it iu this important re- spect : more than six inches of the crushed seed should not be permitted to enter each chamber while undergoing treat- ment, and instead of having the sides steam jacketed, the space between the real and false bottoms of each chamber would be found to be sufficient for all purposes. With the density of the material limited to this amount, the action of the agitators would cause a continuous changing of posi- tion of every particle of seed, and at the same time facilitate the introduction of heat from the bottom. Where a density of from eighteen to twenty-four inches of meals is being treated in one chamber, a uniform quality of work under any conditions becomes practically impossi- ble. Masses will be discharged into the measuring-box at a comparatively low temperature, followed by an equal amount of over-heated material, the former lumpy and of irregular character, the result being an inferior yield of oil, and where the over-heated material is withdrawn in sufficient quantities the destruction of the press bagging will be the natural sequence. Treating the material in large masses as described, promotes the formation of lumpy matter, the in- terior of which heat cannot penetrate, and judged from any standpoint, is a very inefficient mode of treatment. The formation of a heater, such as suggested, jvould con- sist of four upright stanchions or hollow iron supports at equal distances apart, and at a point about four feet from the floor surface the real and false bottoms of the lower 4U4 COTTON-HEEU OIL MANUFACTURK. chamber of a series of chambers would be attached, with openings in the centre, to permit tlie entrance of a vertical shaft to operate the agitators, suitable space being left be- tween each, the circumference being enveloped by lArge hoops or sheet-iron bands, perhaps eight or nine inches wide, in four sections to each chamber, a section embracing one-quarter of the circumference, or the arch formed between each support, to which latter they would be firmly bolted, and in such a manner that the bolts and nuts would be easy of access. In the event of it being found necessary to in- spect the interior of a chamber, the removal of one or more of the bands or sheeting which thus form the side of the chamber, would be easy of accomplishment. In order to obviate crowding and a greater density than six inches of meals in each chamber, long narrow openings, probably one inch in width, could be made in the bands, about six inches and a half from the bottom of the chamber, which would have the effect of causing the s^'cd to fall to the floor, and thus promptly draw the attention ot the operator, caus- ing him to check the feed. Irregularity is an unavoidable feature of work on resum- ing operations after the mill has been closed down for a period extending over a few hours. Everything is cold — heaters, jacketed conveyers, press plates, et al — and not until three or four hours have elapsed after the first revo- lution of the engine has been made, can it be said that the respective processes art' rnaintained with anything resem- bling uniform work. But this irregularity, under careful treatment, should cease at the termination of this period. The narrow and extended openings referred to in heaters which we have now under consideration, could be utili.'sed to good advantage during these brief periods of immature work, but, after uniformity had been established (that is, regular charges entering and withdrawing from heater con- 00TTON-8EKD OIL MANrFACTUKl!;. 405 fihed, with f a vertical ing left be- 1 by lArge line inches embracing led between nly bolted, uld be easy ssary to in- >ne or more side of the n order to ( inches of i, probably i, about six tber, which the floor, rator, caus- ou resum- lown for a 1 is cold — '—and not first rcTO- that the ng resem- nt, should in heaters M utili.'sed immature (that is, eater con- currently) small sliding gates would effectually enclose the nwterial. Sufficient heat could be imparted to the meals to obviate any influence of an atmospheric character causetl by the side npeningu, while on occasions when an unusually moist material would be under treatment they would mate- rially facilitate the exit of moisture by evaporation. The modus operattdi would bo as follows : The meals on being discharged into the first clmmber at the top vould pass through the opening in the centre, and by the action of the agitators gradually work their way to the sides, between which and the jacketed chamber bottom on which the ma- terial is being manipulated, sufficient space should be allowed to permit of their free discharge into the chamber beneath, the latter having its discharge opening around the vertical shaft in centre, and not at the sides as in the one immediately above it. The action of the agitators in the chambar would gradu- ally carry the material to the central opening, which, by reason of its being the only plaice of exit, the meals must of necessity move in that direction, and soon in succeeding chambers beneath, until withdrawn at bottom. The mate- rial would thus perforce make a zig-zag course, continued from the moment of its entry at upper chamber until its exit through sliding gate in bottom chamber, and through- out its entire passage being subjected to a dry heat suitable to any of its variable conditions. This design might be used to equal advantage in the treatment of ground linseed, or any other vegetable substance, for the expression of the oil. In the case of the latter, where the addition of artifi- cial moisture becomes imperative, live steam could be in- jected into the mass in top chamber, so that before its with- drawal into mould frame beneath, a uniformly treated product would be the result, alike free from lumps, exces- sive dryness, or surplus moisture, and possessing the correct degree of temperature. 406 rOTTOK-8EED OIL MANUFACTURE. It \n Ik compunitively mifo afwumptioii thtit the tnoitlH tliiiM CitUM>rtion of ex- logons, it is in indispen- )d-oil manu- le hydraulic "F., may ore the mill ght watch- e coils at a in, '80 that ng or press- COTTOK-HRRl) OIL MANUPACTUKK. 407 ing, the roH[HK!tivo niachinos will Ira trunsformod from an iiiiriuituble condition to one in uniformity with the special roquiromonts of the case. To still further maintain a uniformity of temperature l)etweon and around the plates of the hydraulic presses, sub- sequently (that is, during the period in which the oil is being (txtnu3tod, and the emptying and charging of each press is carried on), a set comprising four, Ave, or six of the latter is enclosed by wooden erections, a glass pane in the roar iiermitting a view of the flowing oil, while a small hinged door in the front is permitted to remain open suiH- ciontly long for the termination and resumption of the suc- cessive pressings of each press, respectively. Manufacturers of cotton-seed oil will do well to closely follow the example demonstrated by the economical methods pursued in kindred manufacturing industries, as far too lit- tle attention has been hitherto bestowed on these really im- portant matters. When the complementary processes aro in full operation and a safficieutly high temperature has been obtained in the immediate neighltorhood of the presses, the valve may bo shut on steam coil and reopened when occasion requires. The wooden enclosures, while facilitating the maintenance of a uniform temperature, effectually ward off cold blasts from any quarter. An open window in rear of the press, through which a draught circulates, will deleteri- ously affect the oil yield. In the manufacture of linseed, rape, and cotton-seed oil the writer has made an invariable praciiice of reworking the flrst pressings. Thus the surplus oil nbich would otherwise remain unexpressed from the residue or cake, is recovered. . The writer has analyzed cake from which the oil had been expressed by cold presses, and which revealed from fifteen per cent, to sixteen per cent, of oil, while the cake selected for analysis several hours subsequently disclosed a fraction over seven per cent, of oil. This closely approaches the cold ^ ■a 408 COTTON-SKED OIL MANUFACTURE. pressare system of extracting oil, and while the expressed fluid is usually a very superior oil and more susceptible of manipulation in the refining processes than the ordinary crude product, its continuance under ruling prices foV the raw and manufactured products, would materially expedite 'jankruptcy proceedings involving those concerned. Ootton-seed oil made by the cold pressure system is regu- larly expressed, though on a limited scale, in Marseilles, France, but a price commensurate with the cost of produc- tion is readily obtained. It is owing to the expense incurred in heating presses, heaters, etc., which renders the operation of an oil mill a very unprofitable proceeding, unless run continuously, night and day. It may be considered by many manufacturers that time spent in thus reworking the cold pressed material would not be so remunerative as by continuing the processes in rapid succession, the reworked material taking the place of freshly treated meals, thus retarding or prolonging the period of the consumption of seed in stock. But while it is a matter of great moment to lose no valuable time in reducing the accumulated stock in the contiguous storehouses, it is of no less consequence to subject the material to suitable treat- ment, so that the extractable proportion of oil may be ob- tained. The policy of rushing the product through the heaters and presses, under contracted cooking and pressure periods, respectively, is most reprehensible, and in the e£Fort to obviate the possibility of heating or decomposing of the seed in stock extreme measures are too frequently resorted 4o. Too many of the seed crushers look at the business in a superficial manner, and, as previously referred to, base their estimate on the success of the season's run, or on the fallacy that he who consumes the most seed, and therefore manufactures the most aggregated products, makes the most money. . In the end efficient work must prevail, and imi le iisceptible of ihe ordinary rices for the illy expedite led. item is regn- i Marseilles, it of produo- ting presses, ID oil mill a loasly, night irs that time al would not ises in rapid ice of freshly lie period of t is a matter 'educing the ises, it is of litable treat- may be ob- irough the md pressure in the effort ming of the itly resorted business in 'ed to, base or on the id therefore makes the prevail, and COTTOir-SBBD OIL MAWUFACTCBB. 409 in these fiercely competitive times, the manufacturer who has regarded the maxim that, what is worth doing is worth doing well, will stand out as another exemplification of the " survival of the fittest." A very heavy item bt cost with which the oil miller is too frequently confronted, consists in the enormous bills which present themselves with unfailing regularity, having in view especially the fabric which encompasses the mate- rial when undergoing pressure. It would surprise most of the manufacturers to know how easily they could cut their bill in two by giving the question the consideration it de- serves, and probing the apparent mystery until the cause is unearthed and remedial measures applied. Camel-hair wrapping is by all means the best material to use, and prod- igality is best subserved by substituting bastard fabrics of the mixed or cotton variety. As the business develops, the movement for the manufact- ure of compound lard conjointly with the manufacture of the crude product is more than likely to have numerous followers. It is according to the natural order of things that this allied industry should eventually become practi- cally identified with the manufacture of the crude cotton- oil. Hitherto, the business — that of compound lard manu- facture — has been almost exclusively conducted by the pork packers, but' the phenomenally increased demand for the latter within recent years would portend a wide field for the progressive crusher whose mill capacity would warrant the combination, and without material prejudice to the former. REFIKINO AND FILTBB-PBE8S CLARIFICATIOX. A thorough knowledge of the oil refining processes be- comes an absolute necessity, before the question of com- pound lard manufacture can be entertained. The peculiar characteristics of the remaining substances which form its MMSI sua 410 COrrON-SBED OIL MANUFACTURE. constituents, must also be fully understood. Under any conditions the manufacturer of the crude oil should know how to refine it, and thus secure the increased profits de- riving therefrom. It therefore becomes expedient tot the crusher, whose mill capacity will warrant a sufficient oil- supply in the prosecution of the succeeding work — that of refining to be followed by the blending of the respective in- gredients in the artificial combination — to acquire profi- ciency in the art of oil refining. This may be looked upon as a preliminary step to more progressive and lucrative work than has characterized the business in recent years. The refining of cottou-seed oil is considered by many as an acquisition easily attained, and the subject is treated by many with much less consideration than its importance de- serves, to produce the exact color, taste, flavor, etc. — in a butter-oil, for instance — and to meet the fastidious views of the various consumers, together with a minimum of waste in the manipulation, skill of no mean order becomes an es- sential requirement. The technical detail in the chemical and mechanical treatment of the oil, together with the be- havior of the latter at various stages of the processes, must be familiar to the refiner in the execution of economical and therefore efficient work. Experiments of an empirical character, with the inevi- tably profitless results, very frequently depress the ambi- tion of the would-be refiner, and for the time, at least, the project is abandoned. Small lots carefully treated, accord- ing to the most approved available formula, and the chang- ing conditions of the fluid under treatment accurately noted as the process advances, should mark the progress of first efforts. The cotton-seed oil manufacturer whose mill capa- city is inadequate to the erection of large refining tanks, with complete equipment, together with the necessity of securing the services of a high-priced refiner, would do well to commence in this unostentatious manner. ..^»>im-smm%. Under any ihould know 1 profits de- lient fo^ the ufBcient oil- )rk — that of espoctive in- iquire profi- looked upon crative work lars. y many as an 3 treated by portance de- >r, etc. — in a ions views of um of waste icomesan es- the chemical with the be- tcesses, must tnomical and h the inevi- 18 the ambi- at least, the ited, accord- l the chang- rately noted [ress of first 9e mill capa- ning tanks, necessity of ould- do well COTTOK-SEED OIL HAKUFACTUBE. 411 The methods of refining in the various establishments throughout the country differ somewhat, and are based on the preconceived ideas of the respective manipulators. Oil refining, as carried on by the American Cotton Oil Co., is based on the same principle throughout its refining sta- tions. Several of the superfine grades of oil, winter white and yellow, the quotations of which may be observed daily, exert but a very restricted influence on the commercial world. A very limited demand obtains for this class of oils. The first important step in the production of a refined oil consists in separating the impurities from the newly made product. This is best accomplished by a brief period of repose to effect the precipitation of tho heavy matter, the oil to be subsequently treated to the filtration process by means of the ordinary filter press. An oil which has been made several weeks, and from which the settlings have been removed, being thus well settled, can be pumped into the refining tank without filtration, but when practicable the latter process should be carried' out in every instance. The general principles which govern the refining process most in general use, consist in the treatment of the clarified oil with a solution of caustic soda lye graded to a certain strength, and in suitable proportions, in conjunction with mechanical agitation and increased temperature, for a period consistent with the quality of the oil under manipu- lation. When sufficient time has elapsed for the soap stock and extraneous matter generally to subside, the clear oil is removed from the former, while the soap stock is subjected to a crude system of filtration by means of which the oil which it contains is recovered. The supernatant oil is then treated to a second filtration, the result being a beautiful yellow oil. It is a mistake to permit oil to pass through the filter press at a point above the normal temperature. It has been demonstrated, in similar tr^i^tm^nt accprded Qther ve^tabl$ , . V ^■■■^'sWS't*" ' ^ " «aE^ itmussama 412 COITOK>BBED OIL MAKUFACTTRE. oils, that an accelerated temperatnre has the e£Fect of assimi- lating the mucilaginous or gummy matter — characteristic of all vegetable oils— during the period said temperature is maintained. The objectionable substances in solution' with the oil thus pass through the filtering medium, the texture of the latter, however fine, being incapable uf retarding their progress, and a sample taken from the receiving tank when the temperature has subsided, will disclose the presence of the suspended vegetable matter, which in the heated oil was imperceptible. Heated oil will pass through the press with less pressure and much more rapidity than when cold, but the system is defective and should be discontinued. Additional time is necessary to effect the complete precipitation of the sus- pended matter with this system, a circumstance which un- mistakably points to the ineflSciency of filtration under the conditions described. When the treated oil is filtered cold, or at the normal temperature, the insoluble and extraneous matter is retained by the filter cloths, on which it deposits and accumulates, a bright oil being produced, equal from any standpoint to a settled oil. Where the filter press is not in use in the preparation of a yellow oil, the latter is sometimes subjected to a secondary heating, which has the effect of expediting the subsidation of the impurities not yet removed. The English method in refining consists in treating about 100 gallons of the crude oil with about 6 gallons of the soda lye of 25 or 30^ BeanmS and heated for about two hours at a temperature of about 200* Fahrenheit under constant agi- tation. Very much larger quantities are treated at a single operation in the United States, and at a much lower tem- perature (100° F.), together with less powerful soda l}'e ; the character of the English product being inferior, more energetic treatment h essential. The winter oil is a production of the yellow (summer) oil. M ect of assimi- characteristic imperature is solution' with I, the texture itarding their ig tank when 9 presence of le heated oil less pressure the system is ional time is . of the sns- ie which un- m under the filtered cold, il extraneous h it deposits , equal from liter pr^» is the latter is lich has the tpurities not eating about i of the soda kwo hours at ionstant agi- 1 at a single 1 lower tem- 1 soda lye ; ferior, more ummer) oil. corroir-sEBD oil mawupactubb. 413 made by the foregoing treatment, together with the supple- mentary process of filtration, and is obtained by the chilling process, the solid matter formed being known as steariue, used in the butterine and soap-making industries. To produce the desired flavor in an edible oil various ex- pedients are resorted to, the exact character of which is considered a trade secret. Refined oil ig at times main- tained at a temperature of about 140** P. fox several days to produce certain results. As a bleaching factor in the production of a white oil, fuUer's-earth surpasses all other known substances ; never- theless its use is accompanied with a heavy percentage of waste, unavoidable by reason of its absorbent properties. In the filtration process, which succeeds the mixing of the earth and oil, the small percentage of the former is secured, but is heavily charged with the oil, and the codt of recover- ing same would scarcely pay for the labor involved. By the application of steam introduced to the filter press the charged chambers of caked earth and oil are saturated, the fluid slowly flowing, or separating from the earth with the condensed steam, leaving the used bleaching agent as a valueless product to be cast away. The ScoUay process, by means of which oil is bleached in a somewhat similar manner to the fuUer's-earth system, has been introduced to some Southern refineries. Suitable ochres, such as hematite and limonite, or any similar pig- ment which does not injure the oil as an article of food properly manipulated and prepared for use, mixed and agi- tated with the oil in certain proportions will take up the gum, resin, and coloring matter, and separate it from the oil, thus purifying and refining it. Prom an industrial standpoint cotton-seed oil becomes more valuable as tjie years succeed each other. Its cheapness renders its use practica- ble in numerous industries, and its area of usefulness is gradually widening. 414 COTTON-SEED OIL MANUFACTURE. THE IMPRACTICABILITY OF MANUFACTURING COTTON-SEED OIL ON A SMALL SCALE COMPATIBLE WITH ECONOMY. Owing to the heavy expense incnrred in transporting the seed from the plantations and scattered ootton-growing dis- tricts to the mills, together with the generally low price — from the cultivator's standpoint — deriving from the trade, the practicability of introducing small oil-mill plants in the supply centres, and right on the soil which nurtnres the product, has long been considered. A superficial view of the situation would endorse the feasibility of the scheme, but more mature consideration will demonstrate tiie fact that the manufacture of cotton-seed oil and cake on a small scale is anything but a profitable undertaking. On a limited scale, as such a project would necessarily be, the manufacturing processes would be confronted with serious difficulties of an insuperable character. Vegetable oils of other varieties, such as linseed, sun- flower-seed, etc., are crushed and pressed in many parts of Russia, Egypt, and East India, in small quantities, and while the business is conducted on a basis of bare profit, the work is necessarily very defective. But, in the event of cotton-seed being worked similarly, the bare profit would be conspicuous by its absence, this, too, iictwithstanding the fact that the cost of labor in Egypt and India will bear no comparison with that of the United States, and that the Egyptian and East India variety of seed can be handled much more economically than' the American product. In the manufacture of prime oil and decorticated cake, the difficulty which would first present itself would be the expense involved — not to speak of the incongruity — of oper- ating delinting machines hulling for the available supplies from a contracted area, \;hich must of necessity be compara- tively light. In the event of a plantation being sufficiently C0TT0K-8BBB ECONOMY. isporting the growing dis- y low price — )m the trade, till plants in lich nurtures iperficial view if the scheme, ;rate tlie fact ike on a small lid necessarily infronted with linseed, sun- many parts of [uantities, and tare profit, the 1 the event of e profit would rthstanding the ia will bear no , and that the an be handled 1 product. In ated cake, the would be the ruity — of oper- lilable supplies Ity be compara- 3ing sufficiently COTTON-SEED OIL MANUFACTURE. 415 e. tensive to raise supplies adequate for the consumption of a set of hydraulic presses, the manufacturing processes could be maintained according to the best established prin- ciples, but in small quantities efficient work with its usual concomitant — a reasonable profit— become impossible of attainment. The project might oe carried into effect with better prospect of success by crushing and pressing the un- decorticated seed. By this method the m^iils and hulls are crushed, heated, and pressed together without distinction, on the exact lines which obtained when the now vast cotton- seed oil manufacturing industry was in its inoipiency. An "off" oil is the inevitable result produced by this crude method. This must be interpreted as a diminution of the questionable profit. The hulls submitted to the same heating process as the meals, and being thus intimately associated therewith, deleteriously affect the color of the oil, and a dark variety is obtained. The cake as a feeding product would command a compara- tively low price, the rough dark hulls distributed over the surface and interior of the cake proving decidedly detrimen- tal to mastication. In England the Egyptian and other varieties of cotton- seed are in the main worked in this manner, but by reason of the fact that a much less proportion of adhering cotton is found on the English imported seed, it can be manipu- lated with greater facility than the American product. In the specified rules of the New York Produce Exchange, with regard to cotton-seed oil, it is stipulated (rule 9) that crude cotton-seed oil, to pass as prime, must be made from decorticated seed, and must be sweet in flavor and odor, and free from water and settlings. Obviously, the oil designated as prime, the output of the small plantation oil-mills, would be repudiated as such by the clearly defined rule. In various parts of the South, small oil-mill plants are located and operated in conjunction with the regular me- s MUM ohanical appliances eaaential to the cotton-grower on an ex- tensiye scale, bnt the character of the work executed pre- cludes the possibility of reasonable returns. Many have long been abandoned, and are to-day rusting away, being pemuuient reminders of ambitious projects ir- raooverably wrecked. Many of these small mills range in capacity from five to ten tons of seed per day. The impracticability of saddling an ordinary farm-hand with what may be justly designated skilled bbor, in the manipnlation of the raw material, is evidenced by the results, and while not wholly precipitating the latter, it unques- tionably hastens the inevitable. It will be readily under- stood that plants operated on a smaller scale than the fore- going will proportionally still further reduce the chances of efficient work. The combination of small rolls, heater, press, and hydraulic pump may be worked to better advan- tage on any other vegetable product of an oleaginous nat- ure, rather than cotton-seed. Apropos of small plants, the attention of makers of hy- draulic machinery in the United States might be profitably devoted to this class of mechanical work by developing an important industry hitherto dormant The combination referred to has been regularly made in England and shipped to British colonial possessions for many years past. Golsa, sesame (or her seed), castor, linseed, rapeseed, oocoanut, etc., are respectively treated, and the oil extracted therefrom in the location where the products flourish, the same apparatus being brought into requisition in the manipulation of each, when desired. Several of these valuable oil-yielding seeds flourish in the South, and ripen and decay as the seasons succeed each other. Here is a field for enterprising men in many Southern districts. But to resume the subject under consideration. ^hUe the cake produced by a small plant could be consumed by the pkUitationstook, or in surrounding vicinity, thereby reduc- wm^mmmmmz mmmmammm OOTTOV-BHD OIL MAVUrACTURI. 417 rer on an ex- zeonted pre- >-day ruBting I projeoto ir- ills range in y fann-hand labor, in the ly the resnlta, it unqnes- mdily nnder- lian the fore- be ohanoes of rolls, heater, better advan- 9aginoo8 nat> naken of hy- \. be profitably lereloping an combination i and shipped past. Golia, oooanut, etc., therefrom in une apparatus ation of each, yielding seeds IS the seasons rising men in n. 'While the Bumed by the hereby reduc- ing cost of transportation, the question arises, would the reduced figures obtainable for the unavoidably poor yield of crude oil be sufficiently lucrative to meet incretised current obligations by reason of the cost of fuel, labor, repair of machinery, etc., in the manufacturing processes ? Is it more profitable for the cotton cultivator to dispose of his seed to the crusher at a reasonable price per ton, than to transform the crude material into the manufactured prod- ucts of oil and cake on his own premises P Unless the crushing is continuously maintained on a sufficiently extensive scale to facilitate efficient work, the answer must be in the negative. To manufacture cotton- seed oil by means of the small portable combination pre- viously referred to (the capacity being one or two barrels of oil per day) would be to invite financial diuster. A cotton-seed crushing plant, having a capacity of about twenty tons per day — that is, twenty tons of oil and cake — can be operated economically and profitably when ruling prices for the crude and manufactured products are normal. BTILS ATTBKDINO THX USE OF THB HAIB MAT. — HABD CAKB. — BBMBDIAL MBA8UBB8 FOB ITS PBBVBNTIOK. Just a word in passing with regard to the press mat sys- tem — abolish it without delay. The hair mat is an endless source of annoymce and expense. Where such is in use^ and it is a matter for surprise that at this time it has not been abolished — a radical change in that respect should be effected. The extra expense involted by its use for a period of say six or eight months, would pay for the introduction of the bare corrugated plates. There is not to be found in the several hundred oil mills in England a single hair mat in use to-day. Reverting to the subject of percentage of oil in cake, re- finers prefer oil fo.: treatment which has been obtained 418 rorroiT-sBBD oil makufacti^bk. under abridged prewure periodB, and from cake in which a heavy peroentuge of oil iH retained. To meet tlie require- ment of this case, the Bubject of reducing the maximum pressure in several of the large mills is said to have been seriously contemplated, but as yet no positive steps have been taken in that direction. Probably a higher market value for the oil thus obtained might put the suggestion into practical effect, while the residue or cake might be profitably reworked, and the ex- tractable oil obtained under the maximum pressure subne- quently. This would seem the most feasible and practical method as u solution of the question. Owing to the fact that oil made under ehort time pressure— the latter not maintained at the highest point— is much more ausc^tibleot manipula- tion in the refining tanks, and deposits less foots, it is therefore less wasteful than oil made under the maximum pressure maintained unrelaxed for the usual stipulated period. Under light pressure very much less mucilaginous and vegetable matter generally is pressed out with the oil, con- sequently less treatment is necessary in the refining, and less waste results than in oil procured by the full-pressure system. The point of distinction to be drawn is embodied in the question, will the extra market value obtained for the refined product counterbalance the loss entailed by the presence of a heavy percentage of oil in the cake ? From time to time complaints reach the American crusher concerning the hardness of the cake exported to England. It has been asserted by an English agriculturist recently that the sidewalks might be advantageously flagged with seme varieties of American cotton and linseed cake ! The foreign stock-feeder needs a soft material, rich in oil, and for which a price is offered far removed from the Bfiann- foctarer here. The extreme hardness of the cake is attrib- ke in which a it tlio reqiiiru- ihe maximum to have been re steps have thus obtained Bot, while the [, and the ex- ressure subw- Kstical method ) fact that oil lot maintained eof manipula- u foots, it is the maximum lal stipulated silaginons and h the oil, con- I refining, and B full-pressure m is embodied B obtained for mtailed by the ake? lerican crusher d to England, tnrist recently jr flagged with cake ! ■ial, rich in oil, rom the Bfiann- I cake is attrib- S" COTTON-SEED OIL MAKUFACTl'KE. 419 ntablo in numerous instances— though not in all— to the presence of abnormal proportioiitt of moisture, and the rem- edy uonsista iu better cooking and prolonged evaporation. If the English consumer could lie induced to purchase the material in ground or pulv«rize 01a« 190^888 OrasM Md BMP Btook. 1,040.060 HAir 487,214 HidM and Bkins 8,88«,0SS LlT« atook 40,706,888 Oil (take And M«a1 7,118,675 Oils, Animal 675,410 Oil, Ootton-iMd 5,840,801 ProTiiiona : Bacon |87,786,888 Cared BMf 8,788,814 Hami 10^889,888 Lard 88,876,851 Pork 4,701,878 Tallow 1,788,085 ? 97,881,898 Mntton 195.B89 01.O0U 10,678,609 01«omargarin« 586,401 Otbar Msata, Game, Poaltrjr, etc. ...... . 1,496,851 Soapa 1,089,897 Wool. Baw 983,169 1196,508,641 Excluding the live-stock item quoted above, we find that the exports of the manufactured meat products reach the lai^ total of nearly one hundred and fifty-eight millions of dollars. The exports classified as manirfactures for the same period are given as 1177,786,069, so that the foreign 422 COXDENSBD SURVEY OP THE TBADE. output of meats and provisions amounts to over eighty-eight per cent, of the total of all the other manufactured products of the country. It has to be borne in mind that these are the figures of a dull business year, during which contracted commercial in- tercourse has been a marked characteristic not only of our own but of all other civilized countries. The trade ot which we treat has suffered, in common with all others in the United States, more or less during the last two years, and the totals and comparisons are not the most favorable in the history of the business. They suffice, however, to in- dicate the relative position and importance of this immense trade, which is thus seen to be in the front rank of the great industries of a great country. THE LIVE STOCK IKTEBESTS. The cattle, hogs, and sheep of the United States, valued as we have seen, at close on seven hundred millions of dol- lars, form the broad and substantial base on which the in- dustry, intelligence, and invention of the American people have erected the great meat and provision industries. As regards cattle, a few notes, historical and prospective, may be considered relevant here in connection with this leading department of live stock. Up to the year 1876 it may be truly said that the home cattle market was practically the only one in existence in this country, the exports up to that time having been small and consisting almost entirely of live animals. But in 1876 was begun the greatest and most important movement in the trade. Long before that the decreasing production (in pro- portion to population) of live stock in Great Britain and other European countries and the consequent high prices of dressed meats had been closely watched by many Ameri- can stock-growers and packers. It was the successful and economical application of cold storage and refrigeration, E. r eighty-eight ared products e figures of a tmmercial in- t only of our Dhe trade of 1 all others in st two years, lost favorable owever, to in- this immense k of the great States, valued lillions of dol- which the in- lerican people tdustries. As >spective, may h this leading liat the home 1 exititence in Qg been small But in 1876 tvemeut in the iction (in pro- \i Britain and it high prices many Ameri- luccessful and refrigeration, CONDENSED SURVEY OF THE TRADE. 423 however, which gave the opportunity to these enterprising traders to establish a trade in dressed beef which is as necessary now to the daily wants of "John Bull" as it is profitable to the pocket of "Brother Jonathan." This is proved by the following interesting quotations from the last report of the Secretary of Agriculture : " During-thenine months ending September 30, 1894, the farmers and stock-raisers of the United States have sold (and there have been exported to the United Kingdom of Great Britain) three hundred and five thousand nine hun- dred and ten (305,910) live beef cattle, valued at twenty-six million five hundred thousand dollars ($26,500,000). Dur- ing the same period of the year 1893 only one hundAd and eighty-two thousand six hundred and eleven (182,611) live beef cattle from the United States were taken by the Brit- ish markets, at a vuluation of sixteen million six hundred ani thirty-four thousand dolkrs ($16,634,000). The small c'jnsumption of American beef iu England last year was due to restrictions imposed by the law, and also to the low prices of domestic beef in England, because of the scarcity there of feeding-stuffs, which enforced skughtering. The increase of the present year does not quite restore the aver- age cattle trade between the United States and England. Canada is practically the only competitor with the United States for the English live cattle trade, and the regulations for import are the same as to animals from the United States and Oanada— no discrimination being made for or against either nlass. All of the animals are, under the pro- visions of English ?aw, slaughtered immediately upon ar- rival at British ports." To resume. Par-reaching and unlooked-for results arose out of the great revolution in the cattle trade,'which began in 1876. An enormous development in both live and dressed beef took place. The great Westiern dressed beef industry was created, and a new department, that of canned 424 CONDEKSED SCBVET OF THE TBADE. beef, came into existence. Through these two new avenues of commerce millions of p«>und8 of beef are annually shipped all over the world. The new demand for heavy steers stimulated production, but still the foreign demand remained unsatisfied, until, in June, 1882, prices rose to the highest known point, viz. : $9.30 per 100 pounds for fancy native cattle. Capital, both foreign and domestic, was poured into the new enterprise, and the cattle "ranch" and the picturesque " cowboy " both achieved considerable prominence at this time. Such States and Territories as Texas, Indian Territory, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming, Ne- braska, the Dakotas, Montana, and New Mexico were extensively colonized by cattle-breeders, and for a time many thought the cattle " millennium " had been reached. Young steers, yearlings, and two-year-olds especially were in strong dentand, and advanced three hundred per cent, in value in from two to three years' time. The whole Western country became a vast grazing-ground, and all the available bulls east, west, and south were bought up and despatched to the new ranches which sprang up like mushrooms on tracts hitherto inhabited only by Indians and buffaloes. But the inevitable reault of such rapid over-prodaction soon arrived. In spite of the large foreign call for American beef and cattle, the business became overdone, and prices dropped until fancy natives in July, 1887, only brought $4.75 per 100 pounds. This great cattle boom produced not only the usual effect of great depreciation following un- due inflation, but had also a deleterious influence on the quality of stock generally. The much reduced grazing area aud hasty cattle-raising of this period are largely re- sponsible for some of the present degenerated breeds of weakly, ill-shaped, and half-fed cattle which cannot be made to carry flesh or make good weight even at full maturity and when well fed. The demand for well-bred and well-fed cattle both at home and abroad always continues, and such. am DE. new avenues are annually land for heavy >reign demand ces rose to the inds for fancy domestic, was ttle "ranch" i considerable Territories as ilTyoming, Ne- Mexico were >r a time many ched. Young [ally were in 1 per cent, in vhole Western 1 the available ad despatched anshrooms on buffaloes, rer-prodaction 1 for American ne, and prices only brought >om produced following un- Inenoe on the Inced gnusing ire largely re- ited breeds of mnot be made full maturity i and well-fed les, and such. CONDEirSED SURVEY OF THE TRADE. 425 even in dull times, invariably command remunerative prices. It is for the feeder and breeder, therefore, to improve the breeds, to vary the feeds, and generally also to take ade- quate time in preparing for the market a greater number of steers which will pass into the first class of merit. The standing favorite is latterly a handy-weight steer of from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds. The dressed beef system has created a demand for good, thick, fat, smooth quarters of beef, instead of heavy, coarse- boned cattle, and the oattle-nusers generally are rapidly becoming educated to the truth that twelve-month-old yearlings (whether heifers or steers) are always ready sale at almost as much money as coarse, heavy, rough export steers. And the early-matured cattle in the future that are always ready for market, and are prepared soon and always kept fat, will be much more' profitable to the feeder and shipper than large-boned, four- or five-year-old, coarse, heavy animals. The cattle prop of 1894 fell off about five per cent, from that of 1893, and the average reduction of price at Chicago was reported to be about 25 cents per 100 pounds. In 1895 a scarcity of beef cattle is sure to be one of the leading causes of firmness in beef products, generally. The live beef cattle exported and tagged by the govern- ment inspectors during the year 1894 numbered three hun- dred and sixty-three thousand five hundred and thirty-five (363,536). This is an increase of sixty-nine thousand five hundred and thirty-three (69,533) head, or an advance of more than twenty-five per cent, as compared with the pre- vious year. After the experience of supervising the transportation of export animals for some years, loany modifications of the accommodations and conditions foi: their proper care have been insisted upon by the government and adopted. By these mnovations and ameliorations the losses in shipping live cattle have been very much reduced. In 1891 those jfc7T^5^3e(*«^ wMniiini'T-iflii'SAiiiitiiii'tf ' 436 CONDENSED SURVEY OF THE TRADE. losses were 1.6 per cent., in 1892, they were 0.75 per cent., in 1893, 0.47 per cent., and in 1894, 0.37 per cent. Effective and valuable work has been rendered by the Bureau of Animal Industry to the commercial interests of the country during the past fiscal year by the inspection of meats for the export and interstate trade. At forty-six (46) abattoirs, situated in seventeen (17) cities, the number of animals inspected has been increased from four million eight hundred and eighty-five thousand six hundred and thirty-three (4,886,633) in 1893, to twelve million nine hun- dred and forty-four thousand and fifty-six (12,944,056) in 1894. Referring to the recent prohibition by Germany and France of imports of American cattle and beef, the Secre tary of Agriculture said recently : " There has not been a case of pleuro-pnenmonia in the United States for three years, and while it may be that an occasional steer suffering with Texas fever is landed in France or Oermany, no harm could come from it beyond the loss of that particular steer, Texas fever not being con- tagious." These foreign prohibitory measures are understood to be instigated by the Agrarian party in each of the said conn- tries, and it is believed that the said laws will be repealed before long in the interests of French and German con- sumers. HQQS. The Irish pig is said to enjoy unusual care and attention from the stock-raisers of Erin on the ground that he is the " rent-payer." The American hog is fully entitled to equal consideration, because he is the sure and steady " mortgage- lifter " of the United States farmer. Of late years, owing to short crops of cereals at home and increased competition in same abroad, the value of hog-raising in the United ;?5 per cent., sent. idered by the d interests of inspection of At forty-six i, the number I fonr million hundred and ion nine hun- 2,944,056) in Germany and ef, the Secre imonia in the [ay be that an is landed in om it beyond kot being con- der&tood to be bhe said coun- II be repealed German con- and attention that he is the titled to equal ly " mortgage- e years, owing 3d competition n the United States, as a swift and ready oash-bringer, has much appreci- ated. As a result, more care is being given to the breeding, feeding, housing, and rearing generally of this useful ani- mal. The various State and Federal experiment stations all over the country have conducted many valuable practical tests of new combinations and variations of feeding-stuffs, in which wheat and cotton-seed products have occupied a large place. The "Berkshire" or lard hog will be dis- placed gradually by the ." Poland China " and other vari- eties, the object being to produce a hard-boned, stronger- framed animal with more and finer grained lean and less fat. The new demand both at home and abroad is certainly for finer-flavored and leaner hams and bacon cut from hogs of medium size and weight. In England this subject has long assumed a practical shape, and a celebrated packing- house in Oalne, Wiltshire, there, has for some time been of- fering premiums for medinm-sissed pigs running from 130 to 190 pounds, carrying back fat only of from 2j^ to 3 inches in thickness. The English farmer has also been gradually changing his breed of pigs from the "Berk- shire" to the "Tamworth" and " Yorkshire." A tempora- ry revival for heavy hogs took place during the sunPimer and fall of 1894, owing to the depleted stocks of lard at home and abroad at that time, but the medium-weight and leaner hog is the animal of the immediate future. The volume of the hog supply is also one of paramount importance, not only to the Board of Trade speculator, but also to the smallest hog-raiser in the country. The year 1894 showed many fluctuations in supply, but the total showed a large increase over the crop of 1893. The com- parative results at Chicago (the largest and most represent- ative market) may be taken as an index of general condi- tions on this and most other points in the live-stock and packing trades. We find, then, that the live-hog entries at HHS 4f8 OOKDBNHBD SURVEY OP THE TRADE. the Union Stock Yards, Ohioago, during 1894, amounted to 7,483,228 head, compared with 6,057,278 for 1893, the inoreaae being 1,425,950 head, a twenty-three per cent, ad- tance on the figures of the previous year. The consequent falling off in average price at the end of 1894 at this mar- ket was reported to be $1.50 per 100 pounds. The average weight of these hogs is given as 233 pounds, compared with ^ 240 pounds for the. year 1893. The above-noted accretion of supply took place in spite of numerous losses from hog cholera among stock, chiefly in the Western States. i The bane of the trade has long been the sudden and un- accountable variations in the volume of the hog supply, which affect unfavorably every branch of the trade and all its allied industries. The Department of Agriculture at Washington has issued the following circular to its crop cor- respondents : "What is the comparative condition of swine P How numy in every thousand have died during the past year ? What diseases, if any, have been unusually prevalent ? Has the year been a healthy one for human beings ? What dis- eases, if any, have been unusually prevalent ? " These are very good inquiries, and if properly answered will lead to good results all round. But we believe strongly that the crop report of the government should be based on a decla- ration by every hcg-raiser as to the number, age, and condi- tion of his hog crop on a certain given date, said returns to be verified by the crop correependents. This is somewhat similar to the Enj^ish plan on cereals, and might be the banning of a reliable national oeitsus of swine. SHEEP AKD LAMBS. The enactment of " free wool * by Oongrees, in August, 1894, decided the futaf§ of the American sheep and accel- erated the change Itnig impending from the " wool " to the "mutton" sheep. Hereafter it will be the aim of the m DE. )94, amounted for 189d> the per cent, ad- he conseqaent i4 at this mar- The average oompared with oted accretion Mses from hog states. ndden and nn- le hog supply, e trade and all Agriculture at to its crop cor- swine P How the past year ? evalent P Has s P What dis- P " These are bd will lead to ongly that the led on a decla- im, and oondi- said returns to is is somewhat might be the ne. Bss, in August, lieep and acoel- " wool " to the the aim of the T^ . OOVDKKSED SURVET OF THE TRADE. 4S9 American sheep-raiser to produce an animal combining both qualities, if possible, but to be primarily a mutton-grower. The prospects of " free wool " resulted in a perfect ava- Unche of sheep entries at all the live-stock markets in the country, which further reduced the prices of 1894 under the low range of those of 1893 by an average of over II a head per 100 pounds for both sheep and lambs. The ex- cess in receipts for 1894 at all Western points was reik)rted to be 68,5fi0 over those of the previous year. In the midst of these depressing influences, it was seen, however, that well-matured stock commanded paying prices all through the year, and that one or two enter ^ ^ ; hoiises had inau- gurated a new trade in the export ot une sheep to England. This new movement resulted In the ouL^ut of 310,6B4 head, which helped to set off the other losses incurred in this ^branch of the American live-stock business. France has also increased her imports of American sheep lately, and with good prospects of farther additions in the near future. In- cluding these just noted, the wholjp value of export sheep and lambs for 1894 figured up to 11,711,355, compared with only $145,686 for 1893. With the advent of 1893 better values for sheep have set in and continued, and trade prospects are much improved. The chances are that those who rushed out of the sheep business in the " free-wool" scare of 1894 are likely to rush in again under the influence of the " flne-muttoa " boom of 1895. THE PACKIXa AKD PROVISION TRADES. Under this generic term are included a large number of commercial and manufocturing industries which, in combi- nation with their allied and basic live-stock interests, may justly claim to rank as the largest and most important in the country. The magnitude and variety of these numer- ous but connected trades may be judged by the following statiatios, compilad from the last returns of the oensus of 1890. ^iLowanoes must, of oourae, be made for advances attained since that date, and for omissions arising from im- perfect enumerations by census officials. The figures, how- ever, give a relative idea of the value and extent of the sev- eral businesses connected with the manufacturing part of the busine Hs. Accordiujj to the National Provinoner of New york and Chicago (the organ of the meat-packing and provision in- dustries of the United States), it appears from said returns that the business of combined wholesale slaughtering and packing had 611 establishments, with an aggregate capital of $98,190,766, with products in 1890 of the value of $433,252,315. These establishments gave employment to 34,601 male operatives. ^ The number of wholesale slaughtering houses (where no packing is done) was 607, with a capital of $18,696,738, pro- ducing in value annually $128,359,35^ The sausage-makers (apart from the |> xskers) had 249 es- tablishments, employing $1,128,562 of capital, and pro- duced yearly $3,055,367 in value. The separate industry of refined lard making had 17 factories, with a capital of $3,898,215. The annual product was valued at $15,474,848. The grease and tallow manufactories numbered 238, having a total capital of $4,336,193, and annual product of $7,474,911. The separate lard oil factories were 7 in number, hav- ing a combined capital of $481,526, and annual product of $1,181,613. The oleomargarine industry reported 12 factories, having a combined capital of $634,532, and producing $2,988,525 in value annually. The cotton-seed oil mills were then computed to be 119 in number, with an aggregate capital of $12,808,996, and »B. the census of for advances ising from im- ) figures, how- 9nt of the sev- uring part of Veto I'ork and provision iu- n said returns ughtering and gpregate capital the value of mployment to * uses (where no 3,696,738, pro- ra) had 249 es- ital, and pro- aaking had 17 mnual product lumbered 333, innoal product 1 number, hav- lual product of ictories, having 3ing 12,988,635 pnted to be 119 12,808,996, and iwir C0NDBN8BD SURVBT OF THE TRADE. 481 an annual output valued at •19,335,947. Since then cot- ton-seed oil pressing and refining now occupies over 300 mills (see separate list in the Directory division of this book), with a correspondingly increased capital and value of annual products. The varied and valuable applications of this fine product make it one of greatly increasing use- fulness to our own people, as well as an important export of a very desirable character. The soap and candle -making trades were said to have 678 establishments, with a capital of #24,821,069, and an annual turn-over of 143,600,285. The manufacturers of axle grease reported 31 factories, employing $461,228 capital, with a yearly value of products amounting to 1846,459. Glue-making was enumerated as having 62 manufactories, employing $4,869,266 of capital, and having $4,270,460 as annud value of products. Oomputing together those eleven principal branchci; of the trade, we have the following grand totals, viz. : EstablishmenU In 1890 2,428 Cftpital employed $170,807,091 Annual product 660,840,088 These magnificent totals are for the business year ending June 30, 1890, and ar» how, of course, much increased all round. To these should also be added (were they available) the totals of the fertilizer-making, hair, hoofs and bones, hides and skins, and raw-wool industries, some of which have materially increased of late, owing to great improve- ments in the manufacture and construction of fertilizer machinery and scientific methods applied to the treatment of offiil, blood, etc. The foregoing summary, nevertheless, supports the contention that we are treating here of an in- dustry which, in size, range, and aggr^(ate value, ranks as the foremost one in the country, in fact, " second to none." S ,\ti\m \ liimmipiiii l iri l*» i> *li | ii> i iiw« ^l li.i<*i L < -i tm ilbmtlkit^m 483 OONDENSBD SURVEY OP T1IK TBADE. The buBinetB of meat-packing, which may be held to in- clude every form of preserving animal food fur future use, is one of long standing in the United States, being, in fact, one of the oldest indujtries of the country. Long before the rise of Ohioago, Kansas City, or Omaha, and the estab- lishment of the gigantic packing-houses there, the busineaa was successfully carried on in Cincinnati, Baltimore, Phila- delphia, Boston, Milwaukee, Hamilton, and Toronto, Can- ada, etc., and a considerable export trade in provisions done from these places by firms of long standing and high repu- tation. In 1894 the publishers of The National Provisioner, in response to inquiries by a number of their subscribers, is- sued a circular letter to the leading firms in the trade with the view of oHcertaining which were the oldest packing- houses in continuous operation in the United States and Canada. The following interesting replies were received, which show also the annual product of the long-established houses in the trade : DsM ol Annol Ihtab- Firm Name. UwJttjr. ,^,^. Ihhm't. J8W-18IM. 1780 Washington Bntoher Company. PLiladelphia, Pa., Noraoord (Blaughtorera and Heat Onrera onljr now. ) 1810 Chas. O. Kri«l Baltimore, Hd. , 08,000 1840 CSofln, Fl«toh«r & Go ludiaiiapolia, lad., 80,000 1848 John P. Squire & do Beaton, Ifaas., 800,000 1848 laaao WhiSen*8 Sons Utioa, N. T. Noreoord 1448 By John Plankinton, now Ondahy Bras. Co Milwaukee, Wis. , 1851 & B. Merwin k Son New Haven, Conn., 18S8 F. W. Fearman Hamilton, Canada, 1854 The Wm. Daries Oo. (Ltd ) . . . Toronto, Canada, 1804 &Mrrjr k Barnes New Haven, Conn., 1850 North Paoking k Provialon Co. Boston, Maia., 1807 BohefcBroe Hew York City, ,-rrrr 1800 Hammond, SUadiah kCo... Detroit, Mteh.. 1^,000 1880 F 'leVfcSona Louiarille, Ky., 87,000 1880 Lawry m Bras Hamilton, Canada, • 80,000 1880 Adam H. Wartbman Co Philadelphia. Pa., 70,000 1888 Mohr & Toerk Packing Co. .. . Saorameuto, Cal. , 8,000 188C Geo. Boeek Bnrlington, la., 10,000 le held to in- ir future use, leing, in fact, Long before nd the estab- , the buaineM imore, Phila* Toronto, Gan- ■oviaions done id high repu- 'roviaioner, in ubacribers, ia- ihe trade with dest paclcing- )d States and vere received, Dg-established AnBMl Pwk, 180I-18M. *%., Noraoord nreraonljr now.) i»,oo6 ad., flS,000 800,000 No record ■., onn., •da, U, onn., r,' •d»,- 180.000 S7.000 90.000 75,000 8,000 16,000 CONDENMRI) SURVEY OP TIIK TRADE. 433 DaU ol Amnal ■•tab- Firm RMfM. Locality. Park, Itahmt. l-«»-ltlM. 1880 O. H. lUmmoiid Co Hammond, Ind., & South Omaha, N«b., 49S,000 1800 John Frederick Baltimore, Md. , 18,000 187U J. T. MoMillan St. Paul, Minn., 15,000 Itr/O Armonr Paoking Co Kaniaa Oitjr, Kan., 525,584 1871 UenrvKrug St. JoMph, Ma, 100,000 1871 Blomer k Miohael Quiuo/, III., 00,000 1873 Henry Mnhi Patenon, N. J., 80,000 1878 Pfafflnger & Co Louitville, Kj., 80,000 187S East St. Louis Paoking Co Baat St. Louis. III., 8 800,000 1878 Mowrjr k Barnes Srraouae, N. Y., 80,000 1878 W. F. Weber New York GIty, 18,480 1878 Kimball, Col well & Co ProTidence, R. I. , 87,000 1374 W. A. Carpenter Amsterdam, N. Y., 10,000 1874 W. A. MeClean & Co Owen Sound, Can., 8,500 1874 Henry Kohra Davenport, la., 0,500 1878 Underwood k Co., now Viles % Bobbins Ohioago, 111., 880,000 1878 1 yfus Packing and Prov'n Co. Lafayette, Ind., 10,000 1(181 Jas. L. Grant k Co., now Inger- BoU Paoking Co. IngersoU, Canada, 78,000 1887 Silier & Bro Pottoville, Pa., 88,484 1888 Omaha Paoking Co South Omaha, Neb., 1800 Parker, Webb & Co Detroit, Mich., 1890 Geo. A. Hormel ft Co Austin, Minn., 8,000 1894 Penn Paoking and Provision Co. Philadelphia, Pa., There is probably no manufacturing business in this or any other country which equals in thoroughness and adapta- bility the manifold processes and utilissations of a great American meat Packing-house. V^ry few people have any idea of the rigid economy practised' at these great plants. Scientific men are constantly cudgelling their brains to de- vise valuable chemical propeartior tod new compounds out of materials heretofore wasted or imperfectly utilised. Every packing-house has a large laboratory and full staff of chem- ists constantly employed in turning to useful purposes offal and refuse which only a few years ago the packers paid to have taken away as entirely useless. The principal scientific utilizations of the great modem meat-honses are as follows : The choicer parts of the fat from cattle are utilised for 434 OONbENSBD SURVEY OF TIIK TKADE. tho manufacture of oleo oil, which ia a constituent of bnt- terine, and for oleo stearine. All of the blood is carefully preaenred, coagulated by cooking with steam, then pressed and dried, and sold to fertilizer manufacturers and for sugar relining. Bones are dried, and either ground into bone meal or used for the manufacture of bone charcoal, which is afterward utilized for refining sugar and in some other refining proc- esses. Pig's feet, cattle feet, hide clippings, and the pith of horns, as well as some of tho bones, are «sed for the manufacture of glue. The horns and hoofs are carefully preserved and sold k» the manufacturers of combs, buttons, etc. All of tho scrap from rendering oj)erations is carefully preserved and dried and sold for fertilizers. The intestines are used for sausage casings ; the bladders are used to pack putty in. The stomachs, etc., of hogs, instead of being sent to the rendering-tanks, are now used for the manufacture of pepsin, pancreatin, etc. The paunches of the cattle are cleaned and made into tripe. The long ends of the tails of cattle are sold to mattress- makers. The undigested food in the cattle stomachs is pressed and used for fuel. In addition to these varied uses of the by-products we muat bear in mind that the modern American packing-house is also engaged in the manufacture of butterine and 0I90 oil and stearine, lard and lard compound, lard oil and stear- ine, tallow, tallow oil and soap stock, neatsfoot oil, sau- sages, and beef extracts and fluids. Also that it gives the initial manufacturing processes to the raw material in the great trades of wool, hides and skins, etc., besides carrying ..-iifam'' %wa«',:.e«p«ail and stear- foot oil, san- ; it gires the Eiterial in the lides carrying "H- CONDKNHKU HlfRVBY OP THE TRADE. 435 on the numerous and diversified preparations of moats and provl«ions involvod in the buHiness of pork and beef puuking, fully treated of in another part of this volume. When, thereforo, we survey the magnitude, range, und variety of the American meat and provision trade, and etideavor to com- pute the extent and value of itn numerous allied industries, it will be seen that it is, beyond comparison, the largest and most comprehensive business in this country. WIKTER PACK OP IIUHH HINCB 1840. The following table shows the winter packing of hogs throughout the West for the last forty-six years, together with the average cost, live weight, per one hundred nounds : 80Mon* MamlMr. OaST StMon. Nomlm AT«mi« Coat. 1848^9.. 1,560,000 $8.75- 1872-78.. 6.410,dl4 •?!? 1M8-60.. 1,658,280 2.18 1878-M.. B,-"- r.,300 -* H » 1880-51.. 1.888,867 8.00 1874-75. . 8,666,220 ''■^m 1851-80.. 1,182,846 8.56 1875-76. . 4,880,185 ^w 1853-58.. 2.801,110 4.81 1876-77.. 5,101.808 .\74 1858-54.. 8,584,770 8.85 1877-'78.. 6,506,446 b.99 1854-55.. 2,124.404 8.87 1878-79.. 7 ;''Oi548 2.88 1855-56.. 8,480,508 4.60 1879-80.. 1 ,^Xi;.'.451 4.18 1856-57.. 1,818,468 4.75 1880-81^. V919;'16 4.64 1857-68.. 2,210,778 8.89 1881-82/. . j,747,780 6.06 1888-69.. 2,465,552 5.08 1882-88.. 1888-84. • S'^S'Sl^ 6.28 1888-60.. 2,856^822 4.78 5,402,004 5.18 1860-61.. 2,155,702 4.57 1884-85.. 6,460,240 4.29 1861-62. . 2.898,666 2.42 1W6-86.. tM6-87.. 6,298,995 8.66 1868-68.. 4,060,520 8.86 6.489,009 ■5.19 1868-64.. 8,261.106 5.86 1887-88.. R.921.181 5.04 1864-65.. 3,422.770 11.46 1888-80.. ;:.4d8,852 4.99 1865-66.. 1,785.955 9.84 1869^^.. 6,668,802 8.66 1866-67.. 2,490,791 5.78 1890-91.. 8,178,126 8.54 1867-68.. 2,781,064 6.86 1891-92. . 7,761,216 8.91 1868-60.. 2,499,878 8.18 1892-08.. 4,668{520 6.64 1888-70. . 2,685,812 9.22 1898-94. . 4,885,000 7.98 1870-71.. 8,695,251 5.26 1894-M.. 7,100,000 5.07 1871-72.. 4,881,558 4.12 itwft-iirtii»..M«a^*^i r^ r* r* r^ r' rt r* rH r^r^^t^* »^*« w* ^» ^15 lll^lllljiililiijllllil gigiiiSiiSiiiiiiiisisSii lines >s<;. Minniomii per iins. Bum iinv amm ■mai ns words. Btmt-mMttltlt-34 InmHImM, ( FkH, ktiff, thiril, and luaHtr ^agti onfy.) U Pagt (twtc* • month) ii3S-«e M ;; :: ;: n^^ I " 410.00 {Fmll, kaV> M/rif, ««if pmrltr ftf^tt 0mlf.) \L Tue* (once ■ month) % 73.00 8 ^ :: :: «js.oo I " " ' . .... 130.00 4atPnf«rr«4 poolttono will bo oold Iqr tho jroar •ndwr |i liMonloat oaly. rATABU II A»TAICI. National Ammonia do., St.ljouid, Mo 6 North Packing and Provision Co., Boston, Maaa. ....... 9 Oppenbeimer, 8., & Co., New York City 192 Orr ft Lookett Co., Chicago, III 124 Pateraon PaiohouHit Paper Oo, PmmIo^ N. J. 18 Perrin, William R., ft Co., Chicago, 111 144 PUut ft Stretch, New York City 198 Prewnraline Mfg. Co., New York City ... .197 Ramington Bnohlne Go., WUmiagton, Del 148 Bohe A Brother, New York City W 6 9 .102 .184 18 ,144 ,108 .107 148 10 • • • • • f • J.'..','.'. r . i^i«H>i 4 mA Chbmists akd Enoinesrs (Goxsultino), jMlin, 0. T., & Co 82 Commission and Brokbbaoc, Baird & W-wt 166 Bausher, H 166 Sweeney, W.J 166 CoiTON-sBKD Oil, Kentucky Befining Co 178 JBBAT-CIIQFrEIIH, ,^^^_ Smith, John £., & Son 9OT. ... 108 HbAT-« UTTERS, BiUingham, P. ,4 Co 198 PACKiiro-BOuai Maohikkky, Perrin, WIUiMn R., A Co 144 Snnwue, W. W., & Co. 21 Weir&Cniig «« 108 198 .., 144 21 • • ' • • « • • wSB Soap Matbriam, Welch, Holme ft Clark Co «48 BPICE8, flMhM null, FlMhar, It, *, Ob SOi PUut ft Stretch 198 Toou, Orr ft Lookett Co i 1«4 I I Tin. •amntt Mbtal. ANTi.PaicTiON Mbtaia fOLDUIMU PlUIM. fVLLBIIa Bamtn. nuBL Am. flUCAT* or SOOA. ■yLram o» Sooa. PmriLATOMV. Sal Ammoniac. i. U.W, HMMNff OmlHy (Tallow- For •Sdv«i« NoN4tMM.a TALtOW OtU iS?** t«S' Nmtm«ot OiL«"i ?••• AfW' fcm.TALww-rl'nSXirsrVfis: •Mi> r rat AcM. Otao . tiMI Mattoa attninm. CompoMMfe-WaMr, For Urd •nd HardiMM. For TMMn-Pra* AcM, Imparlilm. OlM OU and NMtnil LMd. For Color. Ptovor. Odor, Mc. Por HardncM, Pre* Acid, Water, •riitM. rTllr*. mpurl- te'ttsy? "ttwiSl^'t*'' - ■ ""•• "• ''"^"' -^ ""*""• -" •• ollh. .bo*. artlcW or MYanl o(ih«m. Will b« D4p«r.