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I I Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pa(,es restored and/oi Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculies Pages discoloured, stained or foxei Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages ddtachdes Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Quaiiti indgale de I'impression Includes supplementary materif Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire Only edition available/ Seule 6dition disponible I — I Pages damaged/ I I Pa(,es restored and/or laminated/ rri Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ I I Pages detached/ ryi Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I — I Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscur«>'< by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been re. !.iied to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. etc., ont 6t6 fiimdes d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image pof;, it was resolved that the sub- ject be introduced to the consideration of the Parent Society; and at the next meeting, held on the 17th of the same month, it was agreed to recommend, " That the allowance made to the Society's school- " " masters throughout the province should be withdrawn " ^ and devoted to the support of a public seminary, be- " '■' lieving that the funds could be so enlarged, by liberal" '"■ contributions from the principal inhabitants of the " " province as to beconjc an ample support for a gen- " "tleman of learning and respectability to engage in the" '' trust." They also thought, " that in consideration of" "the example to youth in the capital, from a mixture" " of tl ops and navy, a seminaiy or college should be " "more safely and usefully established at Whidsor, the" " nearest country toAvn, and where the youth to be train-" *■' ed up would have less avocations from their studies " " and pursuits in learning." * * The corresponding eommitteo in tlicir journals at this time refer to some vacant lands in Cumberland, i-eservcd hy the governor and council for the endowment of a college, to b(; established at Windsor. The oollege, it is believed, is not now in jjoesession of any lands in Cumberland. KING'S COLLEGE. 3 This proposal was laid before the Society for the Pro- pagation of the Gospiil ; but, owing to the want of funds, they postponed the subject for future considera- tion. Thus the matter lay dormant ; and it was not until after tlie termination of the American revolutionary war, that any further steps were taken towards effecting this object. On the removal of the loj'alists from the revolted colonies after the peace of 1783, the project for a public school in Nova Scotia was again brought forward, along with that of the colonial episcopate, and was urged upon the attention of Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester, then Governor General of British North America, by five cler- gymen of New York, one of whom was Dr. Charles Inglis, who had been rector of Trinity Church in that cit}^ and afterwards the first Bishop of Nova Scotia. The establishment of a Bishop at Halifax was resolvea on in 1784. During the negociations about his appoint ment, a paper was drawn up by Dr. Slmte Barrington, afterwards Bishop of Durham, entitled " Thoughts on " "the establishment of the Clmrch of England in Nova" " Scotia," recommending tlie endowment of a seminary of learning, to furnish a regular succession of ecclesiastics. This paper was submitted to the Government and tended considerably to influence the arrangements which fol lowed. The Right Reverend Dr. Charles Inglis having been consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia, arrived at Halifax in October, 1787. He immediately pressed the subject of a seminary of learning on the attention of the local Icgis- KING'S COLLEGE. laturc. At the same time he published a paper entitled "A brief sketch of the plan on which it is proposed to " *' conduct the Academy of Nova Scotia, with some re- " '' flections on the proposed place for its situation." In this document the following passage occurs, " His " " Majesty has been pleased to appoint a resident Bishop, " " to whom is also committed the pastoral charge of the " " adjacent provinces. One great object of his appoint- " " ment is to ordain candidates for holy orders, to supply " *' vacant Churches with clergymen, who cannot be sup- " " plied from Europe. But if there is no seminary, we " " cannot expect any to be educated and qualified for " "orders, and consequently none can be ordained; so" " that in fact the want of a seminary will totally defeat, " " in this respect, one principal object which government " "had in view in appointing a Bishop, as well as the ben-" " efit thereby intended for the Church of England." The royal instructions, on the subject of schools, were, at the request of the Bishop, laid before the House of As- sembly by Governor Parr, and on the 28th of November, 1787, a series of resolutions, based upon the report of a committee, passed the House, recommending, "the" " speedy establishment of a public school in some com- " " modious and central situation in the Province, for the " "purpose of instructing the rising generation in the" "principles of sound literature and the Christian reli-" " gion. That an exemplary clergyman of the establish- " " ed church, well skilled in classical learning, divinity, " "moral philosophy and the belles lettres, should be pro-" " \ided k-\nd placed at the head of the school, and that a " KINO'S OOLLKQE. 5 " sum not less than £200 sterling j9«r annum, be allowed " " him. That a professor of mathematics and natural " " philosophy be likewise provided for said School, with " " an allowance of £100 sterling per annum, and that " ♦' the Right Reverend, the Bishop of Nova Scotia be re- '* ♦' quested to endeavour to procure two gentlemen of the " "above qualifications for those purposes. That the" *' neighbourhood of Windsor would be the most proper " *' place for the School, and that a commodious house be " "hired for this purpose; until, upon experience of the" "propriety of the situation, the. Province shall find it" " expedient to erect a more suitable building so as to " " enlarge their plan of education." The house also resolved "that a sum not exceeding" "£400 be granted for the purpose of hiring a proper" " house in the neighbourhood of "Windsor, for an Aca- " " demy, and also for paying the salary of the principal " " and professor for one year ; and that the lieutenant- " " governor, the bishop, the chief justice, the president of" " the council, and the speaker of the house of assembly " " be desired to take upon them the government and gen- " " eral management of said Academy ; and that the " " speaker be requested to eonununicate to his Excellency " " and the Bishop the wishes of the House." In pursuance of the desire of the assembly, the bishop wrote to Dr. Moore, the archbishop of Canterbury, re- questing his Grace to select and send out a clergyman properly qualified to take charge of the institution. The archbishop endeavoured to ftilfil the bishop's design, but was disappointed ; and in order to avoid delay JVIr. Archi- 6 KING'S COLLEGE. ^i t Mil bald Payne Inglis, nephew of the bishop, who had been educated at Trinity college, Dublin, was appointed to take charge of the school for one year. The Academy, at "Windsor, Avas accordingly opened with prayer by the Bishop, on the 1st November, 1788, who delivered a Latin oration upon the occasion, and received an address from the magistrates and principal inhabitants of the county of Hants. The regulations adopted for the government of tlie academy, signed by John Parr, the lieutenant-governor, J. Pemberton, thf> chief justice, Richard Bulkele}', the secrtitary of the Pro- vince, and Samson Salter Blowers, the attorney general, were read, and seventeen pupils were admitted.* * See AppciKlix A . !1 CHAPTER II. In the session of the provincial legislature, in tiie fol- lowin^j 3'ear, 1789, the question of the Seminary was again taken up, with a definite view of erecting a College from this beginning. An act of the assembly passed granting the sum of £400 sterling, per annum, in perpetuity, to- wards the support of a College at Windsor, N. S. l>y this law, the governor of the province, — the bishop of Nova Scotia, — tlie chief justice, — the provincial secre- tary, — the speaker of assembly, and the attorney and solicitor generals for the time l)eing were constituted governors of the college, with corporate powers, enabling them to hold lands, — to make statutes for the govern- ment of the institution, and to appoint the president, professors and other olllcers (the president to be always a clergyman of the church of England;. The sura of £500 was at the same time granted to pm'chase therewith a proper situation for the College, and the governors Avere empowered to employ teaiporary professors, until a suffi- cient liuilding could be erected, and a charter obtained from the Sovereign, to authorize the opening of the col- lege in due form and to confer upon it suitable privileges. The whole proceedings of the provincial assembly relative KING'S COLLEGE. to the academy first and then to the college, were evident^ ly characterized by a disposition most friendly to the church of England; — the dissenters in the house, cheer- fully uniting with churchmen to make the requisite provi- sion for this undertaking, under the impression that the college would meet fully the existing requirements of the people, and would raise the character of the province. Mr. Franklin's house at Windsor had been hired for the academj', and land was purchased from Mr. John Clark for £150, to serve as a site for the college buildings. Immediately on the adoption of the favorable measures by the legislature, the Bishop opened a correspondence with Richard Cumberland, the agent of the province resid- ing in London, and also with the archbishop of Canter- bury, — the Right honorable Mr. Granville, — lord Haw- kesbury, and others, to engage their efforts to obtain assistance from government for erecting buildings and endowing the college. In his letter to Mr. Cumberland £3000 is named as the probable sum that would be requir- ed for the buildings. Writing to the archbishop in April, 1789, he says, "the legislature has great merit in this" " business. No other British colony in North America " " ever did so much to promote literature. The province " " has gone to the utmost extent of its ability ; and we " " must now look to the parent state for help to complete " " the design. The institution will be of great service to " ♦' the church.' It will be the means of diffusing useful " *' knowledge, virtue and loyalty among the whole mass " "of the people." The bishop on the 12th October, 1789, communicated . '< KING'S COLLEGE. 9 to the governors, that the archbishop continued to meet with difficulties in procuring a proper person to take charge of the college. It was then proposed that Mr. William Cochran, the head master of the Halifax Gram- mar School, should be appointed and assume the charge in June following. Mr. Cochran was accordingly ap- pointed by the board of governors in May, 1790. In Mr. Granville's reply, 5th June, 1790, to the bishop's letter, he informed him, that as a mark of the attention of Parliament to the encouragement of religion and learning within the province, the sum of £1,000 had been included in the estimates, and voted by the house of commons towards the erection of a college in Nova Scotia: — that his Majesty had declared his intention of granting to the college a royal charter, and that grants of crown land would be made to help its endowment, and the bishop's opinion was requested as to such lands as might be proper for the purpose. A plan was at the same time devised by the Cabinet for establishing, within the English universities, royal founda^ tions for the maintenance of a certain number of young men, being natives of British North America, destined for the ministry in the colonies, — to be elected from the col- lege in Nova Scotia, or from any similar establishment thereafter to be founded by royal charter, that they might be enabled to finish their studies in an English university, preparatory to their ordination for the colonial church. This suggestion however after mature consideration was abandoned by the government. . The liberal provisions of the colonial legislature, and I '■ l\ H ■ 10 KING'S COLLEGE. the earnest solicitations made by the hishop were effectual with the British government, who were thereby induced to obtain grants of money from parliament to the amount of £4000 sterling, for tlic erection of the college buildings. The means being thus provided, arrangements were made in the autumn of 1790, for building the present edi- fice. The contract for the outside woodwork was at the price of £761, exclusive of mason's work and interior finishing. The present building was accordinglj- erected, but its interior was not completed until several j-ears had elapsed. . In November, 1790, Mr. Millidge was appointed as assistant to Mr. Cochran, and Mi^ Thomas Wood, of Halifax, to be clerk of the board of governors. On 7th June, 1798, additional regulations were made for the government of the college. In the same year (1798), Charles de Molitor was made steward of the college. In 1799 Alexander Brymer, Esq., an eminent merchant in Halifax having given £100 for the purpose, a room in the college was fitted up for a Library. it- • ■J • ^ ' CHAPTER III. The institution having now been brought into active operation, under the superintendence of the Rev. William Cochran, its benefits were already beginning to be felt and appreciated throughout the province. /Die children of the wealthy were not alone the recipients of its advan- tages, the names of mau^^ of the sons of farmers and country gentlemen of limited means being found in the lists of pupils of the academy during the first few years of its existence, and not a few of those who matriculated at the college about the conunencemeut of the present cen- tury attained in after life to })ositions of elevation and usefulness in tlieir native country*. The long-promised charter which was to place the col- lege on the dignified footing of an university, and royal foundation, had not yet been obtained. The attention of British statesmen at the counnencement of the pi>esent century being wholly absorbed in the aftairs of the gen- eral European war which had grown out of the French revolution, this among other objects of public interest was indefijutely postponed. . . I ill , 12 KING'S COT.LEOK. Mr. John Inglis, the son of the bishop, went to Eng' land in the autumn of 1800, having been entrusted at a very early age with the ativocacy of the interests of the college. The success which attended his exer- tions on behalf of its pecuniary claims, encouraged him to urge on government the granting of the charter the royal warrant for which had been made out as far back as the year 1792. The following extract from memo- randa written by him many years after, when he became bishop of Nova Scotia, will serve to show the exertions of this excellent prelate when a mere boy, on behalf of his Alma Mater. " The use of the influential names of the archbishop of" "■ Canterbury and the bishops of London and Rochester, " " were entrusted to the discretion of the writer. Mr. " '• Scrope Bernard* was his zealous coadjutor, and a" '■' most valuable guide and able assistant in the various " " offices where inquiry was necessar3\ The result was " '' a satisfactory promise that the charter should be forth- " " with completed, and a permanent endowment asked " " for from parliament. The objects of the college be- " ing advanced thus far, the writer returned to Nova" "Scotia, made a full report of his proceedings to the" "■ governors of the college, who well understood the " •' views with which their commission had been executed, " "and honored him with a vote of thanks, which added" " to the pleasure he had felt in his willing labors to pro- " '' mote their objects." * A LondoD Banker. Nii t. m KING'S COLLEGE. 13 The charter was granted in May, 1802. It was received in this country in August of the same year, with the an- nouncement of a further grant from parliament of £1,000, and a promise of additional assistance should the institu- tion flourish and require pecuniary aid.* By the terms of the chiirter, the lieutenant-governor. Sir John Wentworth, baronet ; — the bishop of Nova Scotia, Charles Inglis, D.D. ; — the chief justice, Sampson Salter Blowers ; — the judge of the court of vice-admiralty, Alexander Croke, LL. D. — the speaker of the assembly and attorney general, Richard John Uniacke, — the solici- tor general, James Stewart, and the secretary of the pro- vince, Benning Wentworth : and the lieutenant-governor, bishop, chief justice, attorney and solicitor generals, speaker • and secretary of the province, severally for the time being, were made governors of the college. It was to consist of a president, three or more fellows, or profes- sors, and twelve or more scholars, who were to be subject to such rules and regulations as should be adopted by the statutes. The governors were to elect the president, and they had power to add others not to exceed three to their own number. They were to be a corporate body, by the title of " The governors, president and fellows of King's " " College at Windsor in the province of Nova Scotia," with perpetual succession, and all the necessary powers requisite for performing their duties of office, and to hold lands to the value of £G000 per annum for the use of the • This grant of £1000 was afterwards continued annually by parliament unUI the year 18^4, when it was withdrawn by Mr. Ciiarics Grant, afterwards Ijord Gleuelg, then Secretary of State. 14 KINO'S COLLEQE. college. The power of mtiking statutes was conferred upon the governors alone, subject to the approval of the iirchbishop of Canterbury, who was constituted patron. The bishop of Nova Scotia was to be visitor. The col- lege w^as made an university, with the privileges of con- ferring degrees of Bachelor, Master and Doctor, in the several arts and faculties, with all privileges enjoyed by the universities of the United Kingdom of Great Uritain and Ireland. In the recital, mention is made of the grant of £4000 by parliament for erecting the buildings at Windsor, and of the site for the college having been pur- chased with the provincial grant. It bears date at West- minster on the 12th May, 1802, in the 42nd year of the reign of King George III. This charter was publicly read before the Governors in the College Hall at Windsor on the 14th September, 1802, and a committee of the board was then formed, viz., the bishop, Dr. Croke, and Mr. Blowers, to prepare a code of statutes, taking those of the University of Oxford as their model, as far as they could be made applicable to local circumstances. They were also requested to devise a plan for procuring from England persons qualified for the offices of president, fellows and professors. At this time £100 per annum was added to the salary of the Rev. William Cochran, then at the head of the college, and the sum of £10 to that of Mr. Benjamin Garrish Grey, * who was appointed Master of the academy and was to • Mr. Grey succeeded J, TI. Jenning, the first English master at the Academy who was appointed In 1799, He waa afterwards Hector of St. John, New Brunswick. ri 'I • \ KING'S COLLEGE. 15 assist Mr. Cochran also in his Latin classes. Tlie bishop immediately entered into correspondence with the arch- bishop of Canterbury and other prelates in England, and Dr. Croke with a number of his friends at Oxford, parti- cularly with Dr. Eveleigh, Provost of Oriel college, and Dr. Collinson, provost of Queens, vice-chancellor of the university, — in order to induce competent persons to come out to fill the offices. The governors had voted the sum of £500 sterling, per annum, as the salary of the president, and £200 sterling, to each of the professors (exclusive of fees of tuition), with £100 to each for an outfit and passage money. The president was to be the professor of divinity, and was also expected to take upon himself the instruction of a class, as the governors might direct. These inducements appear to have failed in per- suading any qualified persons to come from England to the college, though it was said that a Mr. Whateley had at first accepted the office of president, but had afterwards declined it. 1803. On the 3rd of May the committee reported fully on the points submitted to them, and laid before the board of governors a draft of the statutes which they had pre- pared. A desire to assimilate the statutes of King's Col- lege as far as possible with those of Oxford appears to have predominated at the meeting of the governors. The bishop, however, and one or two others, fully sensible of the impropriet}' of such a course, strenuousl}' urged the necessity of having a code of laws which would render the college more in accordance with the circumstances of a young country ; but these suggestions Aid not then prevail. , ; I 16 KING'S COLLEGE. Bent upon obtaining a graduate of Oxford for their pre- sident, they again determined to renew their efforts in England to obtain one. The claims of the Rev. Mr. Cochran, who was a graduate of Trinity college, Dublin, then in charge of the college, were pressed on their tonsi- (lera,tion, but the opinion of Dr. Croke, whose preposses- sions in favor of his o^vn alma mater, were immoveable, governed the proceedings of the board. The expediency of keeping up the Grammar school, or academy, became at this time another subject of discussion ; and the delibera- tion of the governors resulted in a decision that it should be still maintained. It was then proposed to appoint a principal for the academy, who should be a member of some university within the British dominions, and should receive £200 annual salary, besides fees of tuition. This appointment was offered to Mr. Cochran, with £100 per annum, additional, during his time. He declined the offer and accepted the office of professor of grammar, rhetoric and logic in the college, now an University. An additional £100 per annum, with fees, was allowed to him, in consideration of his reading lectures on moral sciences and metaphj-sics. He was also to hold the rank of Vice- President of the College. During this sunmier (1803) the sum of £500 was ex- pended in finishing the interior of the college building, and improving the grounds around it. On the 17th September, 1800, the fii'st public examina- tion of the students in the college took place. Another examination was hejd 11th September, 1803, before the KING'S COLLEGE. 17 governors, at which William Peters,* George Fraser, and Harris Hatch, f were declared duly qualified Scholars on the foundation. Brenton Halliburton J was appointeil treasurer, in the place of Mr. Charles Wentworth, § the Rev. William Twining, || principal of the grammar school, and Mr. Cyrus Perkins, his assistant. One of the college statutes, adopted as we have noticed, by a majority of the governors in May, 1803, compelled every student at his matriculation (on joining the semi- nary) to subscribe Lis assent to the 39 articles of faith, of the church of England. The bishop, who was not only one of the governors, but also Visitor of the college by the charter from the crown, gave in a written protest against this enactment, which he said would give just dis- satisfaction to respectable dissenters, as it would exclude their sons from the advantages of a collegiate education. The bishop expected that his protest would have been published with the statutes. This not having been done, he addi'cssed a letter to the governors, complaining of the interference of Judge Croke, in preventing the printer from pasting the printed copy of this protest on the blank leaf of the statutes (the same having been so prefixed to the manuscript copy of the statutes when signed by the governors), and therefore, as the bishop considered, being * Barrister and afterwards Legislative councillor in the province of New Bruntwick. t Barrister and Legislative councillor in New Brunswick. X Afterwards chief justice of Nova Scotia, and knighted. $ Afterwards Sir Charles Mary Wentworth, the second and last baronet of the name. Son of Sir John W., the lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. II Father of the late Rev. John Thomas Twining, D.D., who was master of the Windsor academy, and after that of the Halifax Grammar School, and Chap- lain of the Garrison at Halifax. m ■il W-l 18 Kixo'S coi,t,eot:. :i i)art of the document. The fjovernors however, at their lueetuif;" on the 1 7th Novemlier, appear to liave approver] of tlio action of Juflj^o Croko, and the majority of theni then present resolved, tliat such an insertion of the protest would have been hij^hly improper ; but that there would be no objection on the part of the l)oard to the Visitor removing his name from all the statutes, if- he wished to do so. • The bishop's protest objected to several other provisions of these statutes, which he considered injurious to the interests of both the college and the churcli. lie felt, on this occasion, that as the whole body of the dissenters in the legislature had united with churchmen to pass the grant of money to the college, and to forward to the ut- most of their power the interests of tlie institution ; and no complaints from them having liitherto been heard, that he was bound, as far as possible, to meet the- views of the people at large. He immediately appealed to the arch- bishop of Canterbury, the patron of the college, who under the terms of the charter possessed a veto upon all statutes enacted l)y the governors. * In his letter to the archbishop on the subject, ho states the dissatisfaction expressed by those persons in the province who dissented from the church of England, and in a letter to Lord Gran- ville in April, 1806, alluding to the very unpromising state of the college, under the operation of the offensive statutes, he says, " Had the sentiments which were then " " suggested by your Lordship on the subject, and the " * This power was vested in the patron, by the college charter, and he might exercise it at any time within three years after a statute was passed. KIN'G'8 COLLEGE. 10 " hito urehbishop, which pert'octly coincided with mine, " '* been adopted and pursued, the seminary had flourisli- " " ed, and the benevolent views of the royal founder " •' would have been realized." Tlie Rev. John Inglis, the son of the bishop, was at this time in P^ngland, and l)y direction of his fatlier, called the attention of the •archbishop to the college statutes and the protest. His grace was satisfied that alterations in them were necessary, and on the 8th July, 180G, lie formally annulled the whole by a written instrument, and soon after prepared a statement of the alterations which he thought to be needful, and forwarded them to the go- vernoi's of the college, through the attorney general of Nova Scotia, by letter dated 8th September, 180G. The board was convened in January, 1807, for the pur- pose of receiving the arcl^bishop's missive, and a new copj- of the statutes amended in accordance with his grace's suggestions, with a slight exception relating to scholars, was prepared and submitted, and in this improved form they were passed and duly ratified by the governors. Judge Croke, however, remained dissentient and signed a protest against the clause which now excused young men on entering college from subscription to the Thirty-nine articles of the English Church. These new statutes, while they strengthened the union betw'een the college and the Church, abolished the obnox- ious law^ which at fust excluded the sons of dissenters from the privilege of being educated at the College. Un- happily, however, thi'ough the inlluence of some of the members of the board of governors, who were opposed to IS I 20 KING'S COLLEGE. !l the more liberal views entertained by the bishop, this new code of enactments was not then published ; while printed copies of the first statutes, containing the revoked clauses, continued to be circulated for many years. As these pamphlets contained no hint or notice of the abrogation in question, an impression unfavorable to the college ;:8 COT.LEOE. 61 profcH- «3a, in ul l)een I'ceivcd X fellow ilcfl Dr. renuvin- ion. for the tlic M- re IkuI" le first " le last" clerical " ,VV and " legreos " owe,t K- sc'holar- e elected Hill and of Nova Scotia, at its formation declared it to be one of its funda- mental objects, to uphold the collegiate establi..bment at Windsor, by granting assistance to students requiring aid in pursuing their studies at Windsor for the ministry of the church. Under this rule the society has from time to time assisted degerving young :nen by whom divinity scholarships have been held, w th small loans, the sum allowed to each divinity scholar 1 y the S. P. G. not being always sufficient for the expenses of the scholar. 1838. 11th October, Mr. Odell was elected to a foun- dation scholarship. 1839. 28th Dec, Messrs. John Harvey, and W. Black were elected scholars. 1841. 28th October, two foundation scholarships hav- ing fallen vacant Messrs. Simonds and Pope were elected. 1842. The sum of £160 was expended on telescopic apparatus for the use of the college. Sept. 1842. Mr. Brown was elected to a vacant scholarship. 1845. The pecuniary difficulties of the college had now become so pressing, that the board of governors were induced once more to petition the British Government for aid. On the 24th of December, 1845, a memorial was agreed on stating fully the claims of the college on the government for support, and the expectations held out to the university from time to time since its foundation by royal chaiter in 1803. This application was met by a positive refusal on the part of Mr. E. A. Gladstone then secretary of state for the colonies. His reply to the memorial bears date the 16th March, 1846. 6 / 62 KINO'S COLLEGE. Since that time King's College has ceased to have any connection with the British Government. This sketch is now brought down to that period when the affairs of King's College began to assume a more popular aspect. The friend^ of the college finding them- selves wholly dependant on local assistance and their own personal exertions for its support, by the total withdrawal of pecuniary aid from England, made a strong and urgent appeal in its favor to the public at large. This was warmly responded to by the alumni of the University, who were attached to the place of their education by many ties and interesting associations. They immediately con- stituted themselves into a society for the support and advancement of their alma matet't and readily provided fUnds to promote the interests of the university. In con- sequence of the timely assistance they afforded, the in- come of the college has been increased, new endowments have been created for its benefit and at the same time ex- tensive changes introduced into its organization and go- vernment. Thus a more auspicious period in the history of King's College began. The details of these important changes and the particulars of the subsequent career of the institu- tion until the present daj' will afford ample scope for a further narrative. More than 75 years have now elapsed since the origin of this seminary. It is the oldest college of British origin in these provinces, and in many respects unri- valled by the more recent institutions of learning in British America. The friends of King's College for the KING'S COLLEGE. 68 last half century have been enabled to point, with justifi- able pride, to its graduates filling eminent positions in the Church, the Legislative bodies, the Bench, and the Bar of this and the sister colonies. Men educated within its walls have found their way to distinction in the army, the navy and other honorable professions, and its alumni are to be met with among the educated classes not only throughout the lower provinces but in Canada and the United States of America. hi CHAPTER X. THE ACADEMY. , We have seen that the original design of the founders of the seminary of learning at Windsor, was that of an Academy or school for the classics and the elementary branches of mathematics. Out of this humble beginning grew the University of King's College. The grammar school or academy was first set on foot, and as has been before detailed was opened for the instraction of youth on the 1st November, 1788, and since the college was organ- ized, this school has been kept up as a handmaid to the University of which it has been always considered as part and parcel. The first master who had charge of the school was Mr. Archibald Payne Inglis. He was after a short time suc- ceeded by the Rev. Wm. Cochran. [The regulations adopted in the beginning for the gov- ernment of the academy, will be found in Appendix A.] In November, 1790, Mr. J. VanNorden became the assistant teacher to the principal, Mr. Cochran. Mr. Millidge was afterwards assistant. In 1799 we find the academy completely severed from the college, and Mr. John Henry Jennings, from England appointed English master. He was succeeded in 1802 by KING'S COLLEGE. 65> Mr. Benjamin Gerrish Gray (aftewards the Rev. Dr. Gray, rector of St. George's, Halifax, and lastly rector of St. John, N. B.) Mr. Gray took charge of both the Latin and the English classes. He was permitted to take boarders (pupils), and the school was limited to 28 scholars. In the autumn of 1800 an examination of the pupils of the academy was held, Mr. John Inglis (afterwards Bishop of Nova Scotia), had been a pupil in this school as early as its first inception in 1788. — He was now about to go to England, and as the governors of the college had not yet assumed the power of conferring degrees, they gave Mi. Inglis testimonials of his study and acquire- ments, as a substitute. After the college had been brought into ftiU operation under the Royal Charter ; tho question of the expediency of keeping up the academy as an adjunct to it, was moot- ed at a meeting of the governors of the college in 1802. They resolved that the school should go on, and in July, 1802, determined to appoint a principal master of the academy, who should be a graduate of some British uni- versity, with an annual salary of £200, besides fees of tuition. We have seen that Dr. Coclu-an declined this appointment, on which the Rev. Wm. Twining, was made principal, or head master, and Mr. Cyrus Perkins assis- tant. * In June, 1804, Mr. Perkins was succeeded by Mr. Irousides- At subsequent dates Mr. J. Farquharson and Mr. Cassells were assistants in the Academy. At this time the Granmtar School was kept in the Col- 66 KING'S COLLEGE. r lege Building, the Government had provided plans for a suitable school house, but many years elapsed before it was erected. In January 1808, the Rev. William Colsell King was appointed head master, his salary being £200 per annum besides fees, and entr^red on his duties early in May 1808. Mr. King was assisted for a short time in 1810 by Mr. Binney from the college. 1814. February 12th. John Thomas Twining, son of the former head master was appointed assistant, he was afterwards curate of St. Paul's at Halifax, chaplain to the Garrison, and master of the Grammar school there. In 1818 the Rev. Christopher Milner was made head master, (Asa Torrey acted as his assistant,) on his removal in 1821, the Rev. Francis Salt was-appointed to succeed him. He filled the office from September 1821 mtil 1832, when he resigned, and was succeeded by the Rev. Joseph H. Clinch. After the removal of Mr. Clinch to the United States the Rev. William B. King, son of the former head master and now rector of Parsborough was appointed principal teacher. During the period Mr. Salt had charge of the Academy the number of pupils was very much increased. Mr. Thomas Curran was assistant to Mr. Salt and also to Mr. Clinch and Mr. King, and con- ducted the academy on several occasions in the absence of the head master. A sum of £3000 derived from a ftmd known as the Arms * flmd at the disposal of the Governor of the Pro- * Derived from the capture of Caatlne from the Americana Id the war of 1812. KINO'S COLLEGE. 6T vince had been placed by Sir John Coape Sherbrooke about the year 1816 in • the hands of Chief Justice Blowers as a fund towards the erection of a suitable building for the Academy. The present stone edifice now occupied by the Academy was commenced in 1819 and finished in 1822 at the total cost of £6689. This building has been latterly kept in repairs by the governors, who have on several occasions spent large sums of money to render it comfort- able and convenient for the purposes intended. After the resignation of tlie Rev. William King, IVIr. Irwin, a graduate of the University of Cambridge, became head master, and was assisted in the department of modern languages by Professor Mantovani. After the resignation of Mr. Irwin the office of head master remain- ed vacant ui\til the appointment of the Rev. John Mul- holland in 1850, who was assisted by his brother Mr. William Mulholland. He remained in charge of the Academy until 1854, when he was succeeded by the Rev. David Pickett. — Mr. Pickett was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. Blackman, the present head master. A number of Exhibitions and prizes have been offered Tl rues' by the Associate Alumni at various iomae to the pupils of the Academy. These prizes not being of a permanent character a sum of £270 was raised by subscription among the Alumni in 1850, and invested for the puipose of estab- lishing for ever two Exhibitions of £8 and £4, to be com- peted for annually. The first is open to the senior form only, and the successful candidate must be qualified though not required to enter college. The second is open to the whole school. In both cases the competitors must 68 KINO'S COLLEGS. be of one year's standing. The Exhibitions are under the management of a committee of the Almnni who appoint the examiners. The examinations take place in the month of June, each year. The appropriation of this fund to the above purpose depends upon the connection of the School with the Church of England. There are also six exhibitions of £15 each established at the Academy to be given to the sons of Clergymen to be held for three years only. These exhibitions are derived from funds supplied by the Society for the Pi'opagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in the hands of the visitor of the college. TERMS. Boarders, at the Academy pay £40 currency per annum, everything included. Day Scholars — £8 per annum. Instruction in one or all of four modern languages £3 per annum. Vacations — From July 1st, to August 15th. From Dec. 15th, to January 15th. m, APPENDIX A. 't' £3 1. The academy is to consist of two schools: one for Greek and Latin, where the students of the highest class are to be instructed in loj^c and in natural and moral philosophy ; the other school, for English, wiiting, arith- metic, geometry and practical branches of mathematics ; and each school is to have a master or tutor. 2. The master of the Greek and Latin school, who must be a clergyman of the established church, is to have the superintending of the whole, and to act as president. 3. No boys are to be admitted into the Latin school until they begin the Latin grammar, nor into the English school until they can read and write ; nor into either under the age of eight years. 4. The Latin scholars who wish to improve in writing, arithmetic or any other branch that is taught in the Eng- lish school may attend the English master, at such hours as may be judged most convenient by both masters, with- out any additional expense. 5. The money for tuition in the Latin school, which is Four Pounds currency per annum for each scholar, is to be paid to the Latin master in four quarterly payments ; the tuition money in the English school, which is Three Pounds currency per annum, is to be paid in like manner to the English master. 6. The greatest attention must be paid to the morals of the childi'cn in both schools, and every precaution used to guard them against the infection of bad principles and examples. They are to be catechised regularly once eveiy week, and generous sentiments of virtue, benevo- lence, and religion are to be sedulously inculcated. The cathechism in Latin is recommended for the highest class in the Latin school. KING'S COLLEGE. ing 7. The school exercises are to begin every mom- with prayers by the president, or the English mas- ter, and also to conclude in the same manner every evening ; all the students must attend on those occa- sions, and their names are to be called over each morn- ing and evening. 8. The daily prayers for the academy are to be select- ed from the Liturgy of the established Church of England (the prayer for the King to be always one), to which a prayer adapted to the Institution shall be added. 9. From the first day of November to the first day of May the schools are to commence each day at 9 o'clock in the morning, and to continue to 12 o'clock : from 12 till 2 o'clock to be allowed for dinner and relaxation; the schools are to commence again at 2 o'clock and continue till 4 o'clock p. m. For the rest of the year, the schools ai*e to commence each day at 6 o'clock, a. m., from 8 till 9 o'clock to be allowed for breakfast, from 12 till 2 o'clock for dinner and relaxation, and the schools are to be conti- nued from 2 till 5 o'clock, p. m. 10. The students are to have a vacation of two weeks at Christmas ; Passion Week at Easter ; four weeks at Bartholomew Tide ; and the afternoons of each Saturday may be allowed to them for exercise and recreation. 11. The academy is to be visited four times a year, viz : on the first Wednesday of November, the first Wed- nesday of Februarj'^, the first Wednesday of May, and the first Wednesday of August ; and as it may not be conve- nient for all the gentlemen who are appointed governors of the institution by the late act of the Province, to attend on those occasions, the following gentlemen, or any three of them, with or without the governors, are authorized to visit the academy on those cliya, viz: the Missionary at Windsor, with 'the principal civil magistrate, and such other gentlemen as the m-magers may see fit to request. — The visitors are to enquire into the state of the schools, and the mode in which they are conducted ; they are to examine the scholars as to their progress in Literature, and behaviour ; they are to rectify any abuse, and remove the obstractions that may occasionally arise. 12. The students are required to be diligent in their studies, dutiful and obedient to their tutors, and not to KING'S COLLEGE. 71 a )nve- rnors ttend three }d to ry at _ such Ist. — tools, i*e to |,ture, io\e Itheir )t to absent themselves from either of the schools without the tutor's leave. 13. Children should be treated as rational beings ; and therefore persuasion and arguments adapted to their understanding should be employed to promote application and good behaviour among the students. 14. Experience however hath uniformly evinced, that discipline and order, which are so essential to the reputa- tion of seminaries and to the improvement of students, cannot be supported without some degree of corporal pun- ishment ; these must also be used when necessaiy. In the infliction of punishment, the masters should be guided by discretion and good temper. For small offences confine- ment, or an additional task, or a moderate fine, may an- swer, and are eligible. Where those are insufficient, or in cases of gross transgression, corporal punibhment must be employed ; but all violence, which would iijjure the health, or affect the understanding of the students must by all means be avoided. 15. Any injury done to the building where the Aca- demy is kept, such as breaking windows, or any other damage, is to be repaired at the expense of the person by whom the damage is done, or by his parent or guardian. 16. It is recommended to the students in the Latin school, that they wear Freshmen's gowns. 17. The books used in the Latin school are to be the same that are read in the seminaries in England ; Lillj' (or the Eton) Grammar, Clark's Exercises, JEsop's, or Phaedrus's Fables, Justin, Sallust, and Ctesar's Commen- taries, with Ovid's Epistles and Metamorphoses, are proper books for the lower classe's ; and for the higher, Virgil, Horace, Terence, Juvenal, Cicero's Orations and Livy's History, with Virgil and Cicero. Students are to begin the Greek Grammar, the Eton, or Westminster, or Wettenhall's Grammar may be used. The Greek Testa- ment, Polyoenus, Lucian, Xenophon, Theocritus, Homer, Pindar, Longinus, and Sophocles, are to succeed ; and be read in their turn. As the students who compose the upper class advance in reading the highest Greek and Latin Classicks, they are to begin logic ; the}'^ ai'e also to be instructed in the principles of Astronomy, Natural and Moral Philosophy. For Logic, Watts or Leblese may be i 72 KING'S COLLSOE. used. For Astronomy, Keill and Ferguson. For Natural Philosophy, Helsham, Rowning, Martin, and Nicholson. For Moral Philosophy and Natural Law, Hutchinson's Compendium and Burlamaqui. 18. Great attention must be paid to instruct the stu- dents in the rudiments of grammar, as it is a point of the utmost moment. The foundation in this branch should be strong and durable ; and much care should be taken in parsing, where the rules of granunar are exemplified and applied. 19. Besides Latin Fxercises twice a week, a theme in English for each student should be required once every week, which will habituate them to composition, and assist them in forming a chaste and accurate style. 20. The students are to deliver pieces of poetry or prose, selected from the best authors, publicly in the schools at stat^ periods, particularly at visitations ; &nd they should be instructed to speak with a proper modula- tion of voice, and with easy natural action or gestures. 21. Besides the books already mentioned, the students of the upper class should occasionally peruse some trea- tises ou the Greek and Roman antiquities, such as those of Potter and Kennet; on Chronology, such as Strau- chius: on Commerce, as Gee, Child, or the treatise on that subject in the Preceptor ; and to those also should be joiiKd the perusal of some of our most classical English writers, such as Addison, Swift, Pope, Johnson, &c„ ^or improvement in style and knowledge of men and manners. 22. In the English school, the scholars are to be taught to write a fair hand correctly ; and to read with propriety, both as to distinctness, pauses, emphasis, ca- dence, and modulation of voice. The delivering pieces in public, here as in the Latin school, will contribute much to the progress of scholars in reading well and must be practised. 23. In this school are also to be taught arithmetic, including vulgar and decimal fractions, and extraction of the square and cube roots, diflferent branches of practical mathematics, as navigation, surveying and guaging, with book keeping and geography ; the first six books of Euclid are also to be read. Care must be taken to ground the Al'PEXDIX. 7:{ Hchotars well in those [)racticul sciences, that they may he fitted for business in active life. 24. In case of any disputes or difficulties occurring in tlie English school, the master will have recourse to the president, as he again in .similar cases, will have to the visitor. APPENDIX B. Curriculum or course of Stuihf at King's College, Windsor, in 1814. FIHST CLASS. WORKS RKAD UNDER THK I'KESIDEXT. Greek Testament — Grotius, Hebrew Bible — Euclid Al{?ebra, Xcnophon — Cicero's Orations, et dc Amacitia et Sencctute, Horace, Virgil's Goorjifics. Soph- ocles. BOOKS KEAU UNDER DR. COCHRAN. Sophocles, Longinus, Horace's Art of Poetry. Virgil's Georgics, Login, Cicero dc Officiis, Cicero de ora- tore, Burlcmaque on Natural Law. mctic, ion of ctical with iuclid d the SECOND CLASS. Greek Testament, Grotius. Homer, Horace, Xenophon's Memorabilia, Demosthenes, Cicero's Orations and de Ama- citia, &c. Logic, Cicero de Oratorc, Cicero dc Officiis, Xf lophon's Cyr. Jv enal. THIRD CLASS. Euclid, Woods' Alg«bra. Logic, Cicero de Oratorc and dc Officiis. FOUUTII CLASS. Sophocles, Homer, Horace, Logic, Cicero de Oratore. Quintilian added by order of the governors, to be lead by Dr. Cochran in future as an introductory book on rhetoric. 7 '■ , I 74 APrKNDlX. APPKNDIX f of KinffH (tniJ Dal- Committfe o/hofh , StjijffeHtiovs for nrcoviplishiiKj the fDiiuii fioiisie Collet iP.H agreed on btj the Joi»t (\jUefje:i in Septfrnher^ 1H23. Namk. — The I'liitc'd Collcfifcs of KiDg's and D.'ilhousio, Site. — Hiilif'iix. GovEUNORS. — The huiik' an tliose of Kin«i;'s Colloji;*', with the addition of the Treusnrer of the Provinee. Patkon. — The Arelibisliop of C'anterburv. Vi.siTou. — Tlie Bishop of Nova Scotia. Coi.i.E(jE. — To coiisist of one i'resident, three or more Fellows, three or more Piihlic I'rofessors, and twefve or more Scholars. Inteknal (iovEiiNMENT OK THE ('oi-LE(iE. — To bc Vest- ed in tlie President and Fellows exclnsively. The Puesioent. — Must be a Clergyman of the Church of England in full orders, and nnist have taken the Degree of Master in Arts, or Haehelor in Civil Law, in n regular manner, in Oxford, ('aml)ridge, Dul)lin, or King's and Dalhousic. The Fellows. — Shall be elected by the (iovernors — unmarried men — Bachelors of Arts, at least in one of the before named Universities, who shall have subscril)ed the 39 articles, shall be resident in the College, and, with tlu; President, shall have the pi-ivate tuition of the under- graduates. The Puhlk.' Pkofessoks. — Shall be chosen by the Governors wpon satisfactory proof of suflicient qualifica- tion, without respect to their Comitiy or University, except the Professor of Divinity, they shall not be requir- ed to reside within the College, and shall deliver Pul)lic Lectiues, which shall be open to all persons, whether members of the University or not, who shall have obtained the j)ermission of the i^'ofessors for their attendance. LoDGiNarents or guardians, and apinoved by the President. Divine Seua'ice. — All resident Undergraduates shall attend tlie College Prayers morning and evening. Uesidence. — No tenn shall be kept or shall reckoi* APrKNDIX. 75 7 t COI> townnN a dogroo without A'e, as much as ])ossible, whatever may be deemed the primary objects of each. APPENDIX. 77 •mo ecu 11 a the )re- the Statement of the funds of Dcdlwusie College, madk by Mr. Wallace about the year 1820. Towards carrying on th« building Lord DiUliousit gave out of wluit was called the Castinc Duties at his disposal £2,751 10 \^ The I'rovincial Legislature gave at diifttrent periods grants to the amount of 3,000 0^ And also loaned witliout interest for five years 5,000 0' And there has been received out of tlie dividends arising from tiis 3 per cent, stock in the funds. . . . 2,378 Nova Scotia Currency, £18,129 10 9 Tlie expenditures amount to upwards of £13,000. Lord iJalhousie directed to be lodged in the public funds towards the support of the institution, where it now remains in the three per cents, the sum of £7,000 currency — etjual to £G,300 sterling. (Signed.) Mu'iiaei. Wallace, Trustee. Statement of the monies funded in the names of the Earl of Dalhousie. Chief Justice lilowers, and the late Hon. Michael Wallace, as Trus- tees of Dalhousie College, as per account current from Messrs. Duckelt, Morland 4" Co., to Hth .Ian., 1831. In the 3 per cents £8,289 9 « Dividends up to the above period 1,007 9 9 Sterling, £9,29« 19 3 £1,000 of this sum has been ordered to be invested in the names of the Karl of Dalhousie and Ciiief Justice Blowers, lients arising from Dalhousie College per annum .iniount to £1(S0 currency. Total cost of the building to the present time, £13,707 138 3d. (Signed) CilAs. W. Wam.aok, March 'MUh. 1832. Tru^ttee. MEMO. OF TIIK ACCOUNTS IN 1!W— DAT.IIOUSIK COLLKOK. This building cost £13,707 18 The funds in England in the 3 per cent, consols amount to 8,289 9 There is now due from dividends up to Ist Jan., 182(! 092 14 Tlivre remains in tlie hands of the late linn of Messrs. Duckett, Morland & Co. on the Ist of Jan'y. 1832, £1,255 18s. 1 Id. from which a dividend is expected of 12s. (Jd. in tiie pound, amounting to 784 7 The rents arising from letting of shops, rooms, etc., may be estimated at about, per annum 100 Amount of debts due Tarious persons 797» 9 Amount of provi.iee loan 6,000 J. W. NUTTINO, Halifax. Feb. 24, 183(;. , Secretary of the Hoard. T 78 APPENDIX. A STATEMENT OF THE FITNDS AND INCOME OF KING'S COLLKQK IN 1848. Visitor's Fund, (currency) £I,4ir) 16 2 General Fund, " 1,0(K) Buil'HnpFund, " 5,157 Oil 3 per cent. Library Fund, " 1,073 10 7^ 3.i " £!),24r, i:\ 8A + 400 40 INCOMi;, 8TKUI.IN«. Frovincial (i rant • Int'.Tcst on Dr. Warnford's donation of £1 ,000 stg., at 4 per cent Annual allowance from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel for Divinity Scholarships 300 Chaplain in 1848 2") For general purposes (to he withdrawn). . 260 T,ANDM()UANTKD HV THE CROWN TO KINO'S COLI.KGK. NOW IN POSSESHION OF THE UOVKKXOKH. fjjOOO acres on the rear line of tiio township of Ilorton. Kings Co., at the Houth-we.st angle of the township. 5,000 acres npon the south side of the old line of roal marked -lut towards St. Mary's, in Guysl»oro' Co., contiguous to the upper grai\t. 5,000 arres nppn tiio N. W. side of the College liake, so called, emptying into St. Mary'.s lliver, in tlie County of Guysboro'. 5,000 acres upoil the Kiver .John in the County of I'ictou. i I •■ / :qk cnt. CHARTER OK THK ITNIVKRSITY. V IN Co., t ')Ut "ni\t. Jlod. (iKOKur, the Third, by the Ci nice ol' (Joil, of the IJnitcMl Kin<^(l<)in ol' (Jretit liiitiiiii :uul Iiohmd, Kiiii^, Dc- ItMuier of the Faith, to all to whom those piresents shall come greetinij,' : Whereas wc have deelared our royal intention to estab- lish, within our province of Nova Scotia, ill North Ame- rica, a College for tin' education of youth in the principles of true reliy our Parliament in that part of our luiitcd kingdom, called (Jreat Hritain, hath been applied in erecting a suit- able building within the town of Windsor, in our said I'rovince, on a piece of land which had been purchased by means of a grant of the (ieneral Assembly of our said Province for the pur[)ose. And Whereas the said building hath been lltted for the res^idence of prolessors and students, and an endownu^nt of four hundred pounds ciurency of that rrovince (etiind to three hundred and sixty pounds IJritish sterling) per annum, hath been granted for the snp|)ort thereof, by the said (Jeneral Ass('nil)ly. And Wlu'reas humble application hath been made to us by many of our loving subjects in our said I'rovince, that we v.(»uld be pleas(>d to grant our Hovai, C'liAurKU Ibr the more pi'rfect cstal»lishment of the said College, and for incorporating the members thereof foi* the purposes afure- sai;e, and also of electino; any otiier person or persons, not exceed- in}; three in numl)er (subject to such regulations as shall be appointed l)y the statutes, rules and ordinances of the said C'olle«;e) to be a jjjovernor or governors of the said College. And we do l»y these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, will, ordain and grant, that the said |j,<)vi'rnors, president, and fellows, and their successors for ever, shall l)e one distinct and separate body politic .'ind corporate, in deed and in name, by the name and style n\' tlic (iovr.K- N'OllS, PUKSIUKNT (Hid Fk1,Lord Arch- - APl'liNDlX. 83 H hishop, for that, ptirpose ; nnd that hi case the said LonJ Arolibishop nhall signify, in writing, his disapprobation thoiTof. witliin three years of the time of their being so made and Iramed. or of their l)eing so revoked, angmented «)r altered, tlie same or sueh part tliereof, as shall be so iUsapi)r()ved by the said J^ord Arehbishop, shall, from the time of sudv (lisapprobation being made known, be utterly void and of no effect, but otherwise shall be and remain in full foree and virtue. And we do hereby foi" us, t)ur heirs and suecessors. eharge and eonunand that the statutes, rules and ordinan- ees albresaid, subject to the sai