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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. errata I to t i pelure, on d D 32X 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 i^j j" . M m i i %\ 1 Ti^T^k ■ Nrn^ ' ' ■ ■ ' 5^ > ' _ ' ^W !' : ■ ' ■ ■ ^^ I i ^■ 1 ^^ > y[ I 1 r 1 ' ^ ' line 1 IB 1 n 1 lest. 1 • ■ i6«ttoin- 1 MogCaiL 1 1 1 I i lUaH^'j 1 ! 1 1 • r z Fa mpVi. /V\ac.aoo(^aU, "W.6.(pub.'5 (SIXTH EDITION.) MACDOUGALL'S) ILIifSTlITED ^mn GAZETTEER — AW»— PRACTICAL HAND-BOOK — F0» — MAHITOBA AND THE SORTh-WEST ^ ^ WITH THB AND LAND REGULATIONS. --«««*«- A Concise Compendium of the Latest Facts and Figures of Importance to the Emigrant, Capitalist, Prospector and Traveller. ^ ^y -c^ EDITED AND PUBLISHED Wt W. B. MACDOUGALl.. fOOPYRJQHT APPLIED FOR.) sO •■n-iTMi^r&ii.^ T Tl[ SCOTTISH, OITARIO AND MllllTOBt LtHD CO.. (IjI^i^ITEID.) BEGISTERED OFFICE : GLASGOW, SCOTLAND. Offlco of tho Commissioners In Canada : 32 TORONTO ST. This Company owns large Tracts of FARM- ING LAND in Manitoba and the North-\A/'est Territories, and is prepared to Sell at Moderate prices and on easy terms of payment. A^Detailed information will be given to en- quirers at the Toronto, Winnipeg and Brandon Offices. The Company also holds for Sale BUILDING LOTS in Winnipeg, Portage La Prairie and Brandon. The Company is prepared to Buy LANDS and BUILDING LOTS in Ontario, Manitoba and the North- West Territories. JAS. MUIKHEAD, Secretary^ 54 Woat Nile Street, Glasgow, Scotland, W. B. SCARTH, Commissioner, TorontOii How. G. MoMICKEN, Agent, Winnipeg, Man. S. HUGHES, Agent, Brandon, Mas. ^ SCARTH, COCSRAN ^ CO., Share Brokers d£ Financial Agents^ 32 TORONTO STREET, TORONTO. "W* B. HOIBTH. ROBBBT COOHK^IT, MMobar •rvaroat* atMk Kz«haB|«. Mcmter of Toronto Stock llKobaac«b iL Canada : ^A/'est derate to cn- 'andon LDING rie and L/VNDS fanitoba a, missioner, Torontfti CKEN, Agent, Winnipeg, Man. nty -- Brandon, Mft«. " Go West, young man, and UORACE GRKELY said grow up with the country."' LLODGETT said : «"oatoHt iivonitro of wheat product of the American Con- tinent and probably of the world." LORD DUFFERIN said: "This undieampt of Dominion, whoHo illimitable dimensions alike confound the arithmetic of the surveyor and verification of the explorer. United States Consul TAYLOR said : " Three-fourths of the wheat jiroducini; beltof North America are north of the National (United States) Boundary. CAPTAIN PALLISRRsaid : "Itisaphyalcal reality of the highest importance to the interest of British North America that this continuous bolt can bo Hcttled and cultivated from a few miles west of the Jjakc of the WoDds to the passes of the Eocky Mountains." ' ARCUBISUOP TACUB said : " The Groat Author of the Universe has been pleased to spread out by the side of the Grand and Wild beauties of the Rocky Mountains, the captiva- ting pleasure grounds of the Saskatchewan." LORD MILTON said: "As an agricultural country its advantages can hardly be surpassed. The climate is milder than that of the sam'^ portion of Canada, which lies within the same latitude. Cereals of almost every description flourish even under the rude cultivation of the half-breeds." ^^^ffilc'^fcuA*"** u i 5 P ad\ I to meil diai andl the/ and] of t| Bonl I'ichI ful of'rr W'*. INTRODUCTION. o: E I r. C I In prosontinic th« Sixth Edition of my "iLLUdTRATKD Guide, Gazetteer ANB Pbaotioal Kandbook," for Manitoba and tho Nortii-Wost, I bog to call th« attention of the public to the many and important additions it contains. In a country where progress is making such rapid stridos, where in a few weeks enterprise risew a community from obscurity to importance, or peoples a wild tract as large as some European kingdom with a prosperous population; where such great changes and improvements are taking place it u no easy task to keep pace with the requirements cf tho newcomer. I have aimecltomako the proHcnt volume as comprehensive as possible, and have elaborated the matter heretofore presented, introducing new features and illustrating subjects of special interest. Since the Third Edition was published, Dominion legislation has given \M Manitoba an increaoed area, wnich at once places her politically on a footing with the older Provinces of the Confederation, and gives her a con- bpieuous place on tho map of Canada and of the Continent of Amorica. In the following pages I have endeavoured to lay before tho reader a ooncise sketch of the present state of the Province, her public institutions, eommercial and maDufacturing interests and her wonderful agricultural resources. A special chapter is devoted to "Winnipeg — the phenomeniil city — the rapid growth of which is unparalleled in the history of civilization. Other trade centres which are attracting the attention of capitalists by their natural advantages and healthy development are also briefly described. I have lifted the veil for a moment to give my readers a mere glance at the Great North-West, the illimitable area and resources of which it would be 1)re8umptuou3 to attempt to describe in the limited space at my disposal, lowever, I have collected sufficient information regarding that vust territory to enable the intending immigrant or newcomer to form an idea of its im- mensity and bDundless resources. With the construction of the great trans-continental railway — the Cana- dian Pacific— under tho control of a responsible corporation, with large capital and iho best available engineering and administrative talent at command, there can bo no fears for the future of the greal North-West, the gi-catnoss and importance of which is inconceivable in its possibilities. The buildkug of this load may bo likened to the e" ".ing of a bhaft in one of the great Bonanzas of tho Sierra Nevada, where every foot of progros develops now riches. Every mile constructed will dutnonstrato to tho wor' ',ho wonder- ful wo:iUh of our Now Dominion and tho nocossi'/ of utilizing to tho good of mankind. . UAODOUOALL'S ILLUSTRATED GUIDE. I have been at pains to present to my readoi's a history of the Canadian c^acific Railway Syndicate from its inception. En|;jand, Finance and America are represented in its directorate and executive. Tiie work undertaken — to re-claim half a continent — the most important of the age, presents great difficulties, but none that the genius of the 19th century cannot surmount. What with the efforts put forth by the Canadian Government to induce emigration, the active co-operation of the Hudson's Bay Company, who own 7,000,000 acres of land, and the liberr.l terms offered by the Canadian Pacifio Eailvay, it is expected an imraon?e influx of settlers will reach the great wheat fields of the Canadian Nortl.-West during the coming season. One word in conclusion. If I have succoodod in making my work a veritable guide to the immigrant and a reliable book of reference to the new- comer, whatever be his wants in his now home, I have conquered a necessity, and accomplished what I have undertaken. W. B. MACDOUGALL. I • I d £ h ol be hfl gr an thi tfac Al mo an eve orf faav befc not may etrat kind astoi a rec week nati old bnt Com avail Provi fi2de actna &nd t extrer So d( mome these drynel onk cnjoyil Bunnyl bri .; ' climail grain \ setsii: FOR MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WS&T. nadian .raerica cen — to ,8 great Lount. a induce pho own a Pacific- he great Y work a , the new- neceB9ity» QGALL. lyiANITOBAANDTHS NORTH-WEST GENERAL FEATURES OP THE COUNTEY. We are strongly of opinion that altogether too much is spoken and written about the labour and hardships of the emigrant or settler when he comes first to this country. No doubt he must wo.rk. He need not expect to find a Garden of Eden ready made to his hands. Here, as in every other part of the world, labour is the condition ot life and of success. But we emphatically deny that the labour is arduous, or the privations to be endured excessive. In fact, compared to what hundreds of thousands of our countrymen have undergone in tho older provinces of tlie Dominion, they are mere child's play. In those days the forest had to bo clear d away. Trees three or four feet in diameter and from one to two hundred feet high had to be cut down and burned. Besides, it took years before tho stumps rotted out of the ground, and then the labour recommenced, for great deposits o*" stones had to be removed, and tlie soil ditched and drained. But with the exceptions of the lait point mentioned, and this only in some localities, none of these difficulties have to be encountered in Manitoba and the Nortli-Wcst. Here is avast prairie country ready cleared for the settler's occupation. All he has to do is to pitch his tent, or build a shanty until he has time and means to erect a more suhstaiitiiil buildinp; — to plough the sod over, then replough it, sow his seed, harrow it, a^ t wait for the crop. It he is a poor man he of course must not expect to fare sumptuously every day But the necessaries of life are cheap enough and easily procurable, and any man or family that has to live for a year or so on pork, bread, beans, potatoes and tea, when they have the land beneath them, a rain-proof roof over their heads and the assured prospect before them, and that at no distant date, of comfortable independence, perhaps affluence, are not to be pitied. Game is plentiful and during the proper seasons the pioner'a bill o/Jare may with little effort be made even luxurious. One of the greatest trials that the emigrant associates with removing to a new and strange country is the breaking up of home and social ties. He is too apt to regard it as a kind of evil. Hut this trial, in the great generality of cases is merely imaginary. It is astonishing how quickly new and friendly associations are formed in this country. There is A reciprocity of kindness and assistance which almost universally prevails. And in a fer/ weeks ihe settler may make as friendly i.nd valuable relations as any ho possessed in hii native lar.d. So much is Ma the case tuat in a few years he' has no desire to return to hia old home, except for a temporary visit. LOCATIOX AND AREA OF MANITOBA Our appror'.mate estimate of the area of the present Province of Manitoba is not official, bat from our calculations it contains about 37,000,000 acres ; of this ilie Hudson's Bay Company's one twentieth owuership and school reserves amount to 2,830,000 acres, leaving aTailable 34,170,000 acres (including halt-breed reserves) within the present boundary of tho Province, being about 2t0 miles square. The Province, lying between tha parallels of 49 and 62 deg. 20 min. of north latitude, and 96 and 101 deg. of west longitude, occupies nearly tho actual centre of the North American continent, is nearly equally distant between tho pole and the equator, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. I I , CLIMATE AND LENGTHS OF SEASONS. Very mistaken ideas prevjiil in the Old Country as to the climate of Canada. Every extreme of hardship is associated with it by manj[ people. Nothing is further from the fact. No doubt there are conditions of decided heat in Summer and cold in Winter. The ther- mometer will sometimes range 90 in the shade in Summer and 30 below zero in Winter. But these extremes wil continue for only a few days at a time out of the 365. But the thorough dryness and bracines-i of the atmosphere moderate all extremes. Damp and fog arc almost unknown. Such a thing as a Scotch mist is a phenomenon. The Winter is considered a most enjoyable season, though each has its pleasure.'', and it is this variety, combined with the sunny sky and pure healthy air which constitutes the great charm of the climate. March brings Spring — April is sowing time, and May ushers in the Summer. An almost tropical climate tiien succeeds during which vegetation is most rRpid. July is the hay and August the grain harvest. Then follow two months of delightful Autumn weather ani iViater generally seta in about the middle of November. MACDOCQALL S ILLUSTRATED QUIDE, '% The aTerage depth of sno>r is nbout oighteon inchps, and from tlio genernl abspiwe of high irinds it seldom accumulHtes ia drtftti, so that rapital roads are the uoiuinoii coiulition of victer travelling. The faruier then drirca hia grain ur huj to luuikot, laya in hia stock uf i'ltal, and does all the heavy drawing for the year. The cattle graze on the prairie all winter, and except during the " cold spcUa " require BO ihelter. There i« one characteristic of the climate which ia phenomenal to the country; wo have Mud that the dryness of the atmo3i>here mitigates, in fact almost neutralizes the auverii/of the extreme cold, so that in Summer the AiyA temperature i« rencUireii qutte beanihle by irrqutnl and heavy showers. These also keep the soil always moist and fertile, in fact tlirau(fliont the whole extent of the North-West we meet with none of those arid, desert wa.stL^^ wiiich lie in immense blocks in the same meridians South of the parallel of 49®. In consequence of these conditions the climate of Manitoba ia one of the healthiest in the world. Fevers, consumption and epidemics generally are abnormal to the country, and jtrevail only in coDBequeuce of accident, carelessness and reckless exposure in the subjects themselves. SOIL AND PKODUCTIONS. The soil of Manitoba, aa far as is knowa is the richest in the world. It is a ricli, black loam, varying in depth from one to three feet. The sub-soil ia in some places clay, and in others sand, and in general is largely impregnated with the warm lime element. So rich and enduring is its nature that manuring is altogether uunecessar". Heavy crops of wheat have been taken for fift^ years in succession off the virgin soil. The productions of such a soil will at once be recognized by any practical agriculturist. Wheat, the great stafi of the world's food, is essentially its prime and most prolific product. The average yield of wheat to the acre ia unknown and unprecedented in an? other part of the cultivated world. Thirty bushel* to the acre is computed to be the average, but it must be borne in mind, that as yet, *agricul- ture is only in its infantry in this country, so that oven this enormously largo yield, may reasonably be expected to be increased by the advance of scientitic culture. And the quality of the gram is unsurpassed by any that has ever been raised ; owing to tho nature ot the sr I it is of a firm, nutritious, gritty nature; it rubs clear, liard and plump in the hand. Butevery kind of cereal can be grown to great advantage. Oats, barley, rye, give large returns. And barley ia said to be an excellent alternative with wheat, and yields a weight per bushel of SO to 66 pounds. The average yield and prices of grain are as follows : — Wheat, -aboat 30 bushels per acre, price $1.00. OaU, " 40 •' •' 30c. to 40c. Barley, " 46 " '« 60c. to 70c. Peas, " 60 " " Wc. to tOc. Tegetables, potatoes, roots of all kinds grow in great abundance, of tho largest si7.o, an4 most excellent quality. The ?:hilit of these at tho Dominion and Provincial Exhibitioiu, ia Toronto, Montreal nnd St. Johns, elicited general and unbounded admiration. Berries also ef all kinds grow wild in great abundance and no doubt if cultivated, would rival in flavour those of the far-famed Niagara district. It hsa not yet been demonstrated bow fruit will succeed- -no doubt t'e long winter and severe frost may operate against it, bat it ia unquestionable that the hardier iivnd of apples will thrive and yield largely. The culti- vation of bees will in time become a i.irge factor of income. The rich flora of the prairie, with its boundless variety jf petalino food, yields the strongest and most delicious honey, and the bees stand the dry bracing winter very well, and require less honey for their sustenance than in more humid and warmer climates. The beet-root, flax and hemp grow luxurianU>, but as yet there has been no market to encourage their cultivation. Owing to the extent and richness of the native grasses, and the dryness and healthiness of the winter climate, cattle of every stock can ue largely and profitably raised. Those epidemic diseases common iu the older Provinces and the United States uro unknown amouL' them. Ewes produce fleeces from 2 to 3J noun ;s, and wethers from 6 to 8 pounds, tho woo! though of a coarse texture, is of most oxcelleut quality. POrULATION AND RAILWAY CONNECTION. The population has enormously increased in the last year or two. And yet wo don't think that it is of the musiiroom kind, so commonly quoted of American advancement in the Western direction. Eleven years ago ihe ])opulation numbered only a few hundred, to-day, according to the best information we can obtain, it must be in the neighbourhood of 100,00lo, of which the city of Winnipeg counts about 15,000. Of courae in tho present transition state of things it is impossible, even with the most accurate official enquiry, to obtain exact • I il ( tothd immo] from per ad fell bd sown] roa MANITOBA AND THS NOBTa-WBST. ,e,„.e of higH (oiidilion 0". dla" loqiiire" try; we have leverUj'of the !<• by iri-qiitni ct llirousliout wastes which 1 conaenueuce oria. revers, ,reviul only u» inaelvos. 9 a rich, black 08 clay, and m it. So livh and , of wheat have f 8uch a soil will J of thu world 8 of wheat to the [ Thirty huthel* /as yet, agricul- largo yield, maJ Aud tho quality lature ot the sr > hand. But every rgereturu3. And It per bushel of 6» n largest suo,.»n4 r cultivated, would been demonstmtoa rate against it, Bttt argely. The cuUl- iora of the praine. [elicioua honey, and or their sudtenance grow luxunauU), 083 and healthinesa ably raised, inos* ro inknowa ainonu 8 pouuda, the wool 'ION. nd yet wo don't tliink advancement m the ■cw hundred, to-day, bourhood of 100,000, ^seiit transition state atatislics on this point. One thing, however, ia certain, that the Province ia rapidly filling^ up by iiumigration from Kurope ; the iininii^raUun of farnieLs' bods fi-om tb^ older Provinces and the United States. Aud thia peopling is, we bcliore, uf tho very beat class of settlera, vis., men who are in earueat aa to lUiiking the country their homo, and living in, and work- ing for iLa advancement. In fact it ia aatonishing to 'jar tho self-satisfied and patriotic opinions of thoae who Iwve lived in tlie country, aud some of them only a few mouths. They are enthusiastic about their own, aud tliufcouL- try's prospects. The great drawback which has hitherto existed to the settlement of Manitoba and the North-Weat, viz., tra'clling connections with the sister Provinces and the world generally i3 n«w removed. We refer at some length to the Canada Pacific Railway further on. Through it, and its connections, easy access ia now made to every part uf the Province, and within the uext two years will be to the Rocky Mountains. FOHM OF GOVERNMENT is practically the freest in the world. There ia no The people are the source of power, hereditary aristocracy to bind society in class traditionaliam. We have constitutional Koverumeut— the moat easy and rational arrangement between Republicanism and Monarchy — and every household has the franchise. The taxes are much lighter than iu the otner Proviu'^es, in fact are snch a mere nominal tiling that they are uut worth taking into account in an iutendiug sctllar's calculations. HOMESTEAD AND PKE-EMPTION. Let uei explain tliese words bc that even the most ignorant can understand tlioin. My homestead is meuiit a lot of IGO acres (Vhich becomes the personal inaliouable property ot any iadividuiil, of the age of majority, who cliooses to settle permanently on i' and pt'rtorra the usuiil clfariug. breaKlng up, and agricultural duties, in cue word, make a home of it for himself aud family. To ecery such actual, bond fiU settler thia lot ia given free of all jfayuieut. Uy jire-emption is Jieant securing a lot of 160 acres under promise of p lying .•f2.5i> )>er acre, but only four-teutlis of this requires to be paid at the end of the third year oc. ocsupatiou aid the balance iu easy instalments thereafter. The Canadian I'aoiilc Railway have 26,0 O.nUi) acres uf land which they offer for sale at $2. 50 per acre, with a rebate of $1 . 'iS' all acre on alt land cultivated within five years. There are suveral cuuditiona uf the most liberal and beneGcient nature attached to thu homestead law, which are intended specially to benefit the' pnor settler; for instance, " elemptiuu from seizure for debt of ordinary furniture, tools <.. i farm implements in use, also one i-tjw, two oxen, one horse, four sheep two pigs, and food foi the same for thirty days," and the t/ - i cultivated by the debtor proViJed the extent of the same be not more tlian 160 uervs, iu which case tho surplus may be sold with privileges to first mortgages The house, •tabl-'s, bjirns, feilct's on iL: Jebtiir s farm, are, by this Act, declared free from seizure, by virtue uf all writs of execution ia^^ucd by any Court of thia Province. No limit is placed oa the Yalu4 of the farm or hJme, no matter how great it may become. A FEW SUOliT PARAGRAPUS GIVING SOLID PACTS GLEANED FROM OFFICIAL REPORTS. 1882 is tho 12th year of ^^anitoba's existenco. Large numbers of superior breeding stock are being imported into the country. Out of three hundred statements received from farmers throughout the Pro>iucein regard to tho healthfulness of the climate, not one is adverse. The home demand creuted hy tho prosecution of public works and railways, and the immonse influx of newcomers will afford for years a ready market for cereais, roots, cattle, otc. The harvest of 1881 was a most bountiful one, as also that of 1880. The reports furnished from different localities, the following is the avenige croj)*— wheat averaged over 30J bushels per acre, ranging 18 to 45, and weighing from GO to 70 ])ounds per bushel. Where the yield fell below an average of 25 bushels, it was owing to some accident to tlie crop, or it waft sown ou newly broken ground. Oaia averaged from GO to 80 bushela per acre. •' 10 maodouoall's illustrated anioB. The barley of Manitoba is pronounced by brewers as of superior quality and color. The ATerage yielil for the year is given at 41 bushels per acre, in some instances going as high u 60 to 70 buEhela. Grain should be carefully gathered and garnered; it should be thoroughly cleaned; lemi should not be of a mixed character. The potato average yield for the past two years is about 320 bushels per acre, varying from 200 to 500. Nearly every farmer can obtain a wood lot in close proximity to his farm. The abundance and superior quality of the hay in Manitoba and the North-West is beyond doubt unenuallcd. From reports rrom different sections of the Province it has been proved that there is an ample supply of good water for agricultural and domestic purposes. Experience is rapidly attesting the truth of the statement that the Canadian North-SVest affords tlie best wheat produ- ing land in tlie world — due not only to the wonderful fertility of the soil, but also to the climatic conditions on which the satisfactory harvesting of the crop depend.t. Secdinjr time is dry and pleasant. No rain of consequence falls until Juno, when sowing has 'loen fully completed. August and September are invariably beautifully clear and bright. It rfli riy happens that rain intei-lercs with harvesting. The Saskatchewan coal fields underlie nn immense district of country, extending from the Rocky Mountains eastward 250 miles, and from the boundary line far northward beyond the Peace River. Tlie-'e coal fields lie on the liead waters of tlie rivers which flow from west to east across the Territory, thereby puttinj,' the settlers in the central prniriea, almost on the same footing as regards fuel, as those who lie right over them. While their immense extent and the fact that they underlie the finest agricultural country on the continent makes their value incalculable. To enter on unimproved land and begin work immediately for the purpose of cropping the following yeir, spring is certainly the best time. The roads become Kood in June, and remain so if the season is dry; during the winter they are of course excellent Any season would be suitab'e for the arrival ot young men who are in no hurry to begin farming for themsf Ives, and wish to gain information from those who have been some time in the country. Those with families and who possess capital should allow the summer to bo pretty well advanced before goin^ to Manitoba. Passengers by rail in Canada are allowed a certain amount of baggage, about 300 Iba. weight. A farmer who arrives in Manitoba with !?400 to $500 can easily succeed in establishing a comfortable home in a couple of years. Laborers with less capital will find no difficulty in procuring profitable employment until they can save sufficient mouey to take up and settle a homestead. The area of land under cultivation is increasing with marvellous rapidity and thousands of dollars are being invested in fine stock, which are beiug placed by different companies on the vast grazing lands of the North-VVest. Lanr*. is better and cheaper in the great fertile wheat bolt of the Canadian North-West than any other part of the Continent. There is no land in America so easily worked or which will produce as sure a crop. The crop has nover failed here from climatic causes. But little capital is required, and no investment coupled with industry pays as large a percentage of profit. We iiave good schools and churches in nearly every settlement, and they will Increase in proportion to the incoming population. The strong flour made of Manitoba wheat has been quoted at a price two dollars per barrel over other kinds. NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. OB8KRVATION8 IN THE NORTHWEST, LITTLE SASKATCHEWAN, AND PEACE RIVER DISTRICTS. •• A continuous farming country extends from Point du Chene to the Assiniboiue, at Port Bllice, a distance of 2,30 miles, without a break. Beyond this thero are 25 miles of dry, gravelly ground, of little account for anything except pasture. Then follows a very extensive FOR MANITOBA AND TUB NORTH-WKST. 11 ind color. The ;oing aa high M y cleaned; iWMl 5r acre, varying is North-West i» that there is an dian North-West iderful fertility of sting of the crop ino, when sowinR clear and bright. r, extending from orthward beyond ch flow from west ies, almost on the ir immense extent inent makes their irposo of cropping lood in June, and lent Any season begin farming for irae in the country. to bo pretty well age, about 300 lbs. d in establishing a ,nd no difficulty m take up and settle lity and thousands jrent companies on uadian North-West ,s sure a crop. The try pays as large a they will increase ice two dollars per tract of country extending westward to the South Saskatchewan, and fxUnding indefinitely north and south. This wide region contains many fine sections of rich fertile country, inter- spersed with poplar groves, rolling, treeless prairies, salt lakes, saline, and other marshes, and brackish or fresh wa'cr ponds. What is not suited for raising cereals is excellent pasture land. Only a few of liic salt lakes would be injurious to cattle or horses ; and fresh water can bo obtained without doubt a little below the surface. " The soil of this whole region is a warm, gravelly or sandy loam. The surface soil, to a depth of from one to three feet, is a brown or black loam, the subsoil being porerally either sand or gravel, consisting principally of limestone pebbles; many boulders are found in some sections. The land between the two Saskatchewans is all gooa. Prince Albert Mission is situated in this section. " The Peace Kiver section extends along the Rocky Mountains from a little north of Jasper House to Fort Laird, lat. 61 deg. north ; and from the former point to the west end of Little Slave Lake ; thence to the Forits of the Athabasca Lake, and from thence to Fort Laird. The npper part of this immense area is principally prairie, extending on boih sides of the Peace River. " All the Pence River section is well suited for raising cereals of all kinds, and at least two-thirds of it lit for wheat. The soil of this section is as good as any part of Alanitoba, and the climate, if anything, is milder. " All ob"3crvation3 tend to show that the whole Peace River country is just as capable of snccessful settlement as Manitoba. The soil seems to be richer— the country contains more wood; there are no saline murshes or lakes; the water is alt good — there are no summer (Vosts — spring is just as early, and the winter sets in no sooner. " Al)out the 20th of April ploughing can commence on Peace River, and th<* same may h? said of the Little Saskatchewan regions generally." STOCK RAlSENCr " The country is well suited for stock raising throughout its whole extent. The winters are certainly cold, but the climate is dry, and the winter snows are light, both ai to depth and weight. All kinds of animals have thicker coats iu cold climates than in warm ones, so that the thicker coat counterbalances the greater cold. Dry snow never injures cattle in Ontario. Ko other kind ever fails in Manitoba or the North-West, so that tliere can be no trouble from this cause. Cattle winter just as well on the Athabasca and Peace Rivers as they do in Manitoba Horses winter out without other food than what they pick up, from Peace River to Manitoba. Sheep, cattle and horses will require less attention and do not require to be fed as long as we now feed them in Ontario. Owing to the light rainfalls, the uncut grass is almost as good as hay when the winter sets in, which it does without the heavy rains of the east. In tlie spring the snow leaves it ainiost as good as ever, so that cattle can cat it until the young grass appears. From five to six months is about the time cattle will require to be fed, and slieltcr will altogether vlepend on the farmer. " Five-sixths of all the timber is poplar, and is invariably a sign of dry soil and good land. Balsam poplar is very abundant on the islands in all the north-western rivers, oft^n attaining a diameter of from six to ten feet, even as far north as Fort Simpson. White spruce grows to a very large size on all the watersheds and slopes of the south bank of the Peace River, on islands in all the rivers, and very abundantly on the low lauds at the west end of Lake Athaba ca. \ " Ihe Peace River is navigable from the Rocky Mountains for at least 500 miles by river, — in none of this distance is it less than six feet deep. A canal of two miles would overcome the obstructions at this point. For '.iCO miles below this there is no obstruction except a rapid, which, 1 think, is caused by boulders in the channel. Their removal would probably overcome the difficulty. " The Athabasca is navigable for 180 miles above Lake Athabasca. Between Lake Atha- basca and the Arctic Ocean only one break exists, bac this is fourteen miles across by land; after that is overcome, 1,300 miles of first-class river navigation is met witli, which takes us to the Arctic Oceau." IN, AND PBAOK Assiniboiue, atFoit re '25 miles of dry, lows a very extensive I GAME. " The moose is still abundant on both sides of Peace River, and the wood bulTalo is still found between the Athabasca and the Peace River, about latitude 57 deg. From COD to 1,000 bead is the estimate of the hunter. Black bears are very nmuerous on the upper jwrt of . Peace River, and furnish the chief food of thij people iu July and Augu-t. Cariboo are north ■and east of I>akc Athabasca, and are the cliief food of tlie Indians and halt-breeds of that region. Rabbits are in immense numbers wherever there is timber, and arc easily taken. 12 MACbOUGALL B ILLUSTaATEU UU1D&, AVaterfowl nre beyond computation, dnring September, in the neighborhood of Lake Atha- basca, and ItxTfic ilocks of Uaiiaiia geese are found ou I'eace Uirer all summer. Ljrax, bearer, uiarU'u aui fux, make up the chief fur-beariog auimald." COAL. Large deposits of coal hare been observed on the Saskatchewan between the Rocky Mountain lloimu and Victoria, a di;itance of 211 mile:). Coal and ironstone may be said to extend almost all the way from the boundary to tlit Arctic Ocean, (ijpaum ot the very beat quality, and as white as snow, was Been at Peac* Point on Peace Kiver, and tor a distance of over twenty milea it extended ou both sides of th* rirer, averaging twelve feet in thicltnegs. '' Tlic aosence of autumn rains in the west is a priceleaa boon, as it enables the fanner to thresh and harvest his grain without injury, and besides gives him excellent roads when ht ueeds them moat. " After the middle of Auerust the rains almost cease, and for ten weeks scarcely a shower of rain falls, giving the fariiit-r ample time to do all necessary work before the wintHi- sets in. These general charaLteristics apply to the climate of the whole North- West, and tiie same results are everywhere observed over tracts embracing 30A,000 Hqaare inllc« of territory. One important tesult of this pecu'.iar climate is the liardness and increased Aveight of the grain caused by it. Another equally important fact is the curing ot the natural bay, and horses and cattle do better to collect their own food on the prairie than to be fai with hay. All stock-raisers know that it is not cold that injures cattle or horses, but thos* Storms of sleet or soft snow. Such storms as those are never seen in tiie North-West, and th« cattle are never wet from November to April. " Mauy intelligent persons are afraid of the winters ot the North-West, as they measurt the cold bv the thermometer rather than bv their own si-nsibilities. It is not by the ther- mometer ttiat the cold should be measured, but by the humidity of the atmosphere, aa accord a^ to it^ humidity so is the cold tueasured by individuals. All through the fall mo* never noticed a feW degrees ot fiost, and it is no uncommon thing to see a man riding in a cart without his coat wnen the thermometer is below freezing point. " Au atmosphere like this, with a soil of abounding fertility, extending over a region ot almost b undless extent, causes one to feel that the words ot Lord lieaconstield were those uf a far-scoing stateauau, and that our great North-West is tiuly a land uf " illimiUblc possibilities." IN A FEW YBAES. WHAT CAN Ba BOIfl WITH A LITTLS CAPITAL, XNTBRPllISE, AMD INDUSTRY. ar, from a comparison of the conditions of sale of lands by t^e Dominios J of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, that if a family of four adUlll 1 )gether, they may obtain a really large estate on very moderate terms. For 1 It will app"ar, Government and of desire to settle together, they may obtain a really large estate on very instance, each of the four members of the family may settle on the four/ree hotnettead*, of 180 acres each, in any even-numbered unoccupied section. Each may then purchase another 1^ acres at $2 . HO ( lOi. stg. ) per acre from the Pacific Railway Co. , in the adjoining odd-numberet by the ther- iimosphere, ai li the fall ma« lan riding in • ,ver a region oi I were those oC ,f " illimitable D l.NDUSTBV. y IJje Doinioioj r of four aduJW aU5 terms. .P* ymetUaiU, ot IW lase another Iw g odd-numberea .emption in tab rebate of $l.», on condition oi ivation thereofti (greater part 0« rs obtwn a lar» rid, at a merely )suntial wealth, ions. md two quarter- ter-sections, ihi» ,ns. They couia - of Pacifac RaU- ntages offered by the Continent oJ u maodouqall's illustkated quids, TUS FOLLOWING ABB THE OFFICES OF TtlE DOMINION GOVERNMENT IN QBEAT BRITAIN. LONDON Sir Alexander T. Gait, G.C.M.O. High Commissioner tot the Dominion. 10 Victoria Chambers, Loadou, S. W. LIVERPOOL Mr. John Dyko, 15 Water Street. GI^ASGOW Mr. Tliomaa Grahame. 40 Enoch Square. BELFAST Mr. Charles Foy, 2'J Victoria Place. DUBLIN Mr. Thomas Connolly, Northumberland Ilouse. setl upo 8eci the sale larf? incr disp occu acrei mom .:ii MAIN OFFICES IN CANADA. HALIFAX Mr. E. Clay, nalifax. Nova Scotia. QUEBEC Mr. D. Statlord, Point Levis. DULUTH Mr. AV. V, H (Irahnnie. WINNIPEG , Mr. W. llespeler, Winnipeg, Man. COST FOR TRANSPORT FOR CROP Within two years, as soon as the other Canadian railways are completed, grain will b* taken from any point as far west as Fort Ellice to Thunder J>ay on Lake Superior, and pat Into elevators there, for probably 15 cents a bushel, but cerUiinly never to exceed.... 20 cent! Propellors will take it from'the clevatora, and passing thro igh the Lakes and the enlarged Welland Canal, will deliver it in Montreal for 10 " From Montreal to Liverpool the average freight may be taken at 5s. sterling a quarter, which is equal to per bushel 15 " Total 45 cents. Farmers in Manitoba now state that the cost of raising wheat does not exceed, if it reaches, 40 cents a bushel. So that wheat will therefore ka grown in Manitoba and delivered in Liverpool at a cost to the producer, including all charges for transport, of 8j cents a bushel, or 28s 4d. a quarter. With wheat selling in England at 40a. a quarter, there is thus an enormous profit to be made by the wheat grower in Manitoba and the North-West. The average price ot wheat in England for the 30 years from 1849 to 1878 was 53a. « quarter— the highest price being 733. lid. in 1805, and the lowest 39s. 7d. in 1861. I HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. LAND DEPARTMENT. The Hudson's Bay Company are the owners of two sections of land in every .township, Nos. 8 and 26, and have a large amount of city, town and village property throughout tbs country. Each section contains 640 acres and over 600 townships have been surveyed, containing 1,000,000 acres of which the Company owned 500,000 acres. The Land Department was organized under a special Commission in 1869. Hon. I). A. Smith accepting the importaut post, Mr. C. J. Brydges succcedinp him in June, 1879. Since that time, under his judicious management, the Company have inaugurated a liberal policy in the sale of their lands and have largel}' aided the settlement and development of the country. The olRfes are located in a new and hamlsome building erected for tne purpose two j-ears ago on .South .Main Street, where courteous officers are always in attendance to give the enquirer such information at he may desire respecting the country generally and the lande of the Company in particular. The Company Head Offices are, however, located in Montreal. The plans of town sites surveyed for the Company, may be seen and will be courteously explained, and there is no doubt these properties are among the best opportunities for speculation in the country. The title to the Hudson's Bay Conspanv is direct from the crown, and the terms of sale are both liberal and impartial. Respecting tae lands of the Gompanv, the general average of which is of a superior quality and of the beU agricultural fitnass, It is not the policy of ttie Compaaj to lisbipi up by provii S( L) while I Ht Rmersi Raihva To Vol \V> Pic Oh. Sto «ui IIoi Pro Ext Toti It w pool, or a crop s He prospect VV'ln Mr., acre of \\ Plou Seed Sowi Rear Bind Stocl Carr Threi ■^ FOR MANITOBA AND THE NOBTU-WEST. 15 IN QEBAT nmissionerfo/ udoui S- " • 180. id. grain wlU b» nporior, and p*»t ceed.... 20 conU eriing a ^^ ,, 45 cents. 1 not exceed, if >t oba and delivered : 8 J cents a bushw, mou9 profit to be o 1878 was 63». • in 1851. m every .township, •ty tiiroughout tw ve been surveyed, ^ Land Department itine tlie important inder bis judicious of their lands and offi'-es are located South Main Street, uch information aa pany in particular. )lans of town sit^ ,nd there is no doubt country, t^'. *'^ Ware' both liberal Lire of which is of » jof the Oompaoy t« settle any portion of the country at the expense of another, therefore purchasers may depend upon receiving from the Land Department thoroujjhiy unbiassed reports of the ditlerent sections, and can rely upon any information obtained from the officers of the Company. During the year 1881, the Company have sold an average of 20,00) acres of land per month. The Bales were mainly to settlers in the earlier part of the season, but speculators have purchased largely during the autumn. The sales up to November last averaged $5.50 per acre, but have increased to ,56. .50. In the past two and n half years the Hudson's Bay Company has disposed of property in the North-West to the amount of .^2. 500,000, the bulk of the sales occuring witliiii the year closed. As near as can be estimated the Company own 7,000,000 acres of 'and in the Canadian North-West, the demand for which increases steadily from month tt nonth. FEOM HOME TO HOME. Estimate of immij^rant farmers outlay and requisite capital. llow much it will cost a family of five to make a home for themselves in the great West FROM GREAT URITALV TO THE BRITISH NORTH-WEST. We compile from the best authorities the following figures as to the smallest cost of estab- lishing the British Enii!,'riint on a homestead in the great " fertile belt," now being opened up by the Cnnndian Fauilic Railway ami being rajjidly settled by Immigrants from the older provinces of Canada, Ureat Britain, the United States and other' foreign countries: Sea voyage, .3 adults at $25, 2 under age at $12.50 (assisted passages).; $100 1-iukI transport from Quebec to Winnipeg, Alanitoba, including cost of food while on the way 160 Board and expenses while making preliminary arrangements in Winnipeg, Kmersou, Portage la Prairie, Brandon, or points on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway west 10 Total outlay to time of leaving for homestead, not including outfit $270 OUTFIT. Yoke of oxen $125 Wagon 80 Plows f.nd Harrows 60 Chains, Axes, Shovels, etc .38 Stoves, beds, bedding, and other essential furniture 80 Building small house, etc , 1.50 Homestead fee 10 Provisions for one year, say seed for first crop (wheat, oats and potatoes) 25 Extras 100 Total outlay for first season }9G3 It will thus be seen that the farmer immigrant by careful management may leave Liver- pool, or other British ports, arrive on a homestead with a family of five, build a house, raise a crop sufTu'iei.t for another season's requirements for less than a thousand dollars (£200.) lie has a home for his family in the glorious west, the certainty of prosperity, and the prospect of every comfort. • vVhy should the industrious farmer hesitate? Mr. James Riddell,of Miama, Province of Manitoba, recently contributed an article to the North Britiith AgncultHrist, in which he gave the following figures as the average cost per acre of wheat produced on his farm in 187a and 1880 :— Ploughing $2 00 Seed 90 Sowing and harrowing , 60 Reaping 65 Binding « 85 Stocking 35 Carrving and stacking 1 10 Threshing 1 80 1806 ■I 1 I •WMB TO MANITOBA TO MANITOBA! ill When and how to go to the Prairie Province— Prom Bri- tish Ports to Canadian Ports— Steamship Lines and Railway Connections— Quebec, Halifax and Portland— Advice about Sailing— A chat>ter of general information for the Immigrant. *n The Hme hiw long sine* gone by when it was « qnestioi whether the man of limited means, with a family and but poor prospects in the OW World, could better his condition by goinp to the New World and striving to build up a homo ami a competence for himself and his family, Tiierc is no lonper a question about his being able to do so; it is certaii that any man who is able and willing to work, and who has any experience or adaptability for agricultural pursuits, can, in the course ot a few j'cars, build up a better and mora prosperous future for iiimself and family in the thinly-settled Province of Oanaila than ha can in the over populated districts of Kngland, Scotland or Wales. Thousands have tried the experiment during the last quarter of a century anil practically proved its success bf securing comfortable homes in a comparatively short time, and thousands are yearly following in their footsteps encouraged by tliiir success, and frequently helped by remittance* from those who have done so well as to be aide nut only to supjiort tliemselves comfortably, but to assist otliers who were left behimi. The question nowa-days, therefore, is not whether to come to Canada o.- not; but wlien to come and how best to get there, and thi« chapter is intended as a guide to those who have determined to try their fortunes in th« largest, most important and most flourishing colony of the British Empire. First, let ug 8»y a word as to Who should come to Canada. It mnst always be borne in mind that Canada is essentially an agricultural country ; although we have immense forests, prolific fisheries and almost inexhaustible mineral wealth, still our rich soil, spbndid pasture-lands and magnificent wheat-producing prairies are tbo very backbone of tlie country, and agriculture is yearly and yearly becoming more and more the staple industry of the country ; therefore, the " tillers of'^the soil " are the class who are most needed here, and wlio are mo;t certain of achieving success by steady industry. The agricultural resources of Canada are practically limitless, for in tlio vast prairies of th« North-West wc have a country, capable of producing the finest wheat in the world, whith far exceeds in extent all the wheat producing territory of Europe combined ; and almost tb* whole of this bounteous heritage is as yet untouched by the plough or harrow, aad awaits the hand of man to burst forth into smiling cropi of plenty. To the farmer, then, Canada offers the greatest inducements; but there is also scope for the labourer, the mechanic and the artizan ; and the demand tor these latter will increase as the country grows in prosperitf and our manofactures bscome mora thoroughly dareloptd. During the pas* year til* AND Tine NORTH- WEST. It tnnTiufac'.uring industricB of the country have Rrcatly recovered from the depression under xvhich they— in common with the juanufacturcs of Great Britain and the United States— had iieen BufTtiring for the past four years ; and the present indications are that the recorerr will tie permanent, and the field tor mechanical labour in Canada very much enlarged during llie next iew years. Professional and literary men and clerks are not advised to come, unless to fill ui) i)reviouBly secured positions; but there is always a considerable demand for female domestic servants at good wages, and farm lubourors, provided they are strong and healthy, ran be sure of obtaining employment. The class, however, which is most needed and roost Hure of success is the tenant faruier — with some capital, or those wlio have some means and are inclined to adopt farming pursuits. Although the Canadian Oovernment makes a free grant of one hundred and Bixtv acres of land to every actual settler, still a little capital is needed to stock it, erect buildings, etc., and the immigrant who has a couple of hundred j)ounds or so to begin with, starts under favourable circumstances which cannot fail to lead liim to competency in ten or fifteen years, if he is steady and indu-(orth>Wedt, the (losirnbilit^ of coming direct to Quebec in the summer time, and not to full into the error of taking a ticket for Halifax or any American port, as that involves a long and tedious railway Journey and considerable additional expense. If the immigrant desires to come out during the winter months, when the Hi. Lawrence is frozen and navigation to Quebec is closeil, then ho should take hid ticket to either Ilaiifax or Portland, and come up to Quebec by the Intercolonial or Grand Trunk Railways. When to como to Canada- As a rule the immigrant shouM not come to Canada during the winter months, say, from Dcfinber to April, ai there 'n les3 clmnec of ihii ineciianic or artizan obtaining employ- ment then than at any othin- time ; ami, as ilio ground is covered with huow, there is, of course, no opening for the tenant farnicr or agricultural lal)oiirer until spring, which comment"Cd al>oiit the middle of April Spring u earlier in Manitoba and the North-Wrrt than in tlie older provinces, and the immigrant leaving Liverpool about the middle of April, when the stoamcrs begin running to Qiieliec, woiiM arrive in Manitoba in plenty of time ta take up hid land, and have a season of seven months before him in which to build his house, get some of his land under cultivation and gather hid crop before winter comes on. The spring, or early summer, i^, therefore, ihe best tinui for the intciding settler to come out, as it is also fur farm and other labuurerd. Farm hands should recollect that although harvest time is the beat for them, and they obtain higher wages then, it is better to come out before harvest, and endeavour to get an engagement hy the year, thereby securing steady employ- ment during the dull season It is a'so well tor farm labourers to remember that there is some did'ereiice between farming in Kngliind and in ('anada, and that they will be much more valuable after they have spent a year here and learned "' the customs of the country," than on their first arrival ; and that, therefore, it is very unwise to refuse an engagement for a year because the wages apponr to bo a little low, or less than hands who have bean for some years in the country are getting. Having settled the time of departure, the next thing for the iuiiuigraut to consider is— Wiiat to tako with him. ip fe And here we may say that he will find it most to his profit and convenience to travel in " light marching order" and not inconimoiio himself with heavy and cumbrous articles which can be easily obtained in Canada as cheap, and 'n some cases cheaper, than in Great Britain, and better adapted to the climate and the coiiuiry. Bedsteads, bureaus, carpets, and furniture generally should be sold off. b\it it will pay to bring good l)edding, blankets, hoiiso linen, &c., and a good supply of woollen and other warm clothing which can bo purchased cheaper in the United Kingdom than in Canada. There are also many litl. nick-nacka and useful household articles whir;h will bring little or nothing if sod, but will coino iu very handy in the new house; but due care should always be taken a.s to size and weight. The steamship companies allow ten cubic feet of luggage free, and the railway companies 150 pounds of baggage free for each adult ticket; but all oxce.^s is charged for, and although the charge is moderate still it amo'inta to a considerable sum for a long journey like that from Liverpool to Manitoba. It is quite unnecessary for fanners, farm labourers, or mechanics to bring their implemonta or tools with them, as thev can purchase them in the nearest town to their ultimate destination at moderate rates, and better suited to the country, in most cases, than what thej^ would bring with them. There may Ijo some exceptions with regard to mechanics having tools for s lecial trades, but oven then it will, in most instances, be found more convenient to have the money than to be encumbereipnfrpr'< name and destination, tho^o rill ba placed in tho hold and doliyerod at the port 01 iiuoaiKniion. r or wuar ou uoara, uurk, warm cluthen arc best, and an ild pea- jacket, anti a heavy cloak or shawl will be found very convenient to Imvo. There is one point on which inlendinR immigrants should bo very careful, and that is to see that every memlx^r of the family is in rooiI health, for a strict examination is mao before embarking, and none apparently aQ'ecied by any contagious disease is allowed to sail. On board. ;r months, say, taining enijiloy- uw, there is, of spring, which the North-Wc9t middle of April, leiity of time to build his house, comes on. The to come out, as lUhough harvest come out betore • steady employ- i)er that there is ey will bo much of the country," cngiisonient for ho have bean for the nest thing ence to travel in lumbrous articles r, than in Great ■aus, carpets, and , blankets, hoiieo ;an bo purchased lilt, nick-nacks will come iu very ai weight. The ly companies 150 ind although the sy like that from or mechanics to nearest town to y, in most cases, .3 with regard to stances, be found avy tools. Sucn ■tbag and taken plainly labelled Once fairly embarked the immigrant will do well to make himself thoroughly acquainted with tiio rules of the ship, which he will find hung up in the steerage, and which ho i.4 required to obey while at sea. The riib'S are not very numerous or exacting, but they must be adiiered to, and the steerage paa>!enger will find it to his comfort and convenience U* comply with them, thereby comlucing to his own health as well as that of others. Sliouli) ho Imve any real cause of complaint, lie should make it known to tho Captain, who, witli tho Suri^con, is required to visit the steerage every day; but tho .steerage is so well conducted on the Canadian steamers that there is very little cause for cotniilaiiit, and passengers should try to avoiil giving unnecessary trouble by complaining witliout just cause. In case 6( sea-sickness tliero is scarcely anything to bo do 'O but to " grin and bear it," althougli, of course, if the sickne.-is is very long or violent tho doctor will attend tho sutferer. It mu.st bo remembered that ineilical advice and treatment are included in the passage rates ami theio i.s no extra charge for either. Sea-sickness seldom lasts for luoro than two or three days, and the remainder of tho trip will pass very pleasantly. Immigrants will do well to supply themselves with a fe\v books and papers, or they may sometimes find the time hang a little heavily on their hands. During the spring and summer the passage seldom lasts more than from ten to twelve days ; and in about that time after leaving Liverpool ho can count on being Landed at Quebec, to which port only it is best to take a ticket, and there procure another ticket to whatever part of Canada may bo desired. Immigrants' baggage is admitted free and includes all household ellects, clothing, Ac, but not uncut cloth in pieces ; therefore, it is as well to ho careful to have all clothes cut out at home and made un either there or on the voyage, which will find employment for tho women ami girls when they will be glad of something to do. It is well, also, to remember that the attempt to smuggle through the Custom House small parcels of dutiable goods might lead to very serious consequences, for altho igh the Canadian Customs officers are very considerate with immigrants and save them as much trouble as possible, they are very severe with would-be smunrglers. At Quebec tho immigrant can get from the Government [mmiga ion Agent all tho information he requires as to the cheapest and best way to get to any part of Canada he may desire, and it will be found to save much lime and trouh'e to consult him, or some of his assistants, instead of trusting to oneself alone. To reach .Manitoba tho qnicUe.'t way is t > go all rail bv way of the Grand Trunk to Detroit, from theuco, by way of Cliicu'jo anil St Paul, to ("Imcrson, where tho branch line of tho Canada Pacific runs to Winnipeg, the capital of the Province ; or, if a day or two longer makes no dilfereuce, it will be pleasanter to go by rail to Collingwood or Sarni:i, from each of which places a lino of steamers runs to Duluth. at the head of Lake Superior — the largest siieet of fresh water in the world — and from thence by rail to Winnipeg. Tho jo irney from Quebec to Winnipeg will take about, six days, and tlie cost by immigrant train (3rd class) is about £'i ; it must be rememliere I, however, that this does not include meals ; but at Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and other points a ong the line the (Jovernmeut has erected depots for immigrants where an exeellent meal can be had for twenty-five cents (one shilling) so that the cost of " living by tho way" need not be very great. This chpter h.as been intended chiefly for immigrants coming out in the steerage; farmers and others of means who can afi'onl to come out as saloon pas.scngers are referred to tho advertisements of tho different Steamship Companies. 20 macdouoall's illustrated quids, THE CANADIAN PACIFIC EAILWAY. ! This gigantic enterprise— the most important undertaking of the nineteenth century — received its ratification from the Dominion Parliament on the 15th of February, 1881. It will no doubt interest our readers to brietij review a work of such vital interest not only to the North-West, but to all portions of the Dominion of Canada, and in fact to th« whole commercial and civilized world. The inception ot the work dates with the admission of British Columbia into union with the Don^inion of Canada ; one of the fundamental conditions of which union was, that a railway should be constructed, connecting the seaboard of British Columbia with the railway system of Canada. It is unnecessary to relate the vicissitudes of the enterprise in attempting to carry out this condition. It is suflicient to saj[ that after several appeals to the country, and the " ins and outs " of three Ministries, it was finally demonstrated that the only practicable way by which the road could be constructed, so as to keep good faith with |{riti3h Columbia and at the same tima subserve tlie inic interests of the Dominion at large, was by means of an incorporated com- pany aided by Government grants of money and land. Accordingly such a company having been organized, and the preliminary terras rmd conditions agreed upon, and approved of, by the existing Ministry, the following Act of incorporation was, after a discussion of many days, iiassed in the House on the 15th Kcbrnarj-, 1891, by a satisfactory majority. In accordance with an Act of Parlianiont of Canada passcil "on the l.'i'th of P'ebruary, 1881 , His E.xcellency ilie Governor-General in Council ordered that letters patent under the great seal of Can.^.da be issued incorporating George Stephen, of Montreal, Duncan Mclntyre, of Montreal, Canada; John S. Kennedy, of New York, banker; the firm of Morton, Rose k Co., of Lond(jn, Kngiaud, bankers ; tlie firm of Koon, Reinach k Co , of Paris, France, bankers ; Richard B. Angus, and Jame.=! J. Hill, of St. Paul, Slate of Minnesota ; with all such other persons and corporations as shall become shareholders in the Company hereby incorporated, fi body corporate and politic, by tiie name of the " Canadian Pacific Railway Company." The Act goes on to say : The cupital stock of the Company shall be twenty -five million dollars, divided into shares of one hundred dollars cai:h which shares shall be transferable in such uiaunor and u]ion such conditions as slinll ';i! provided by the by-laws of the company, George Sloplien, Duiiciin Mdntyro. John S. Kennedy, Richard B. Angus, James J. Hill,IIenry Stafford Norlhcote, of London, Pascoe dti P. Grenfeli, of London, Charles Day Rose, ofLondon, and Baron J. de Reinach. o( ("iais,. are the first directors of the company, with power to add to their number, but the ilircclors shnll not in all exceed fifteen in number; and the majority of the directors, of whom the president shall be one, shall be British subjects. The chief place of business of the coiiipiHi;.- is at the city of Montreal, but the company niav from tim« to time, by liy-law, appoint and lix other places within or beyond the limits of Canada r.t which the business of the company .nay be transacted, and at which the directors or share- holders may meet. The first annual meeting of the shareholders of the company for the appointment of directors >vii3 held on the second Wednesday in May, 1881, at the principal office of the company in Montreal. The terms required were the deposit of a million dollars in cash as security for the construc- tion, and the gauge to be four feet eight and a half inches. In respect to the quality and character of the work, the Union Pacific Railway was accepted as the standard. The work wai commenced on the eastern section before the first of July, the central sertion by May, i881, and the whole must be completed by May, 1891. T.'io company can either pay the cost of building the portions under construction when completed, or assume the work at anv time by paying the outlay. If they take up the portions under construction they must complete them before 1885. The British Columbia section must also be comi)leti>d by'lS'Jl. The road wiH be the property of the company forever. When the portions under construction are com- pleted, if not before, tiiey will be handed over to the company. The sulixidy is $25,000,000 cash and 25,000,000 acres of land. The division of the subsidy is as follows : Money— for th« central section, assumed at I.USO mile-, the first Oi'O miles at $10,000 perniile, total, JO, 000,000; the second AM miles at $13,;W3 per mile, $6,000,000— total, !ii;i5,000,(J00 ; the eastern, or Laks Superior section, assumed at 600 miles subsidy (M|ual to $1.^.384 per mile, or $10,000,000; total for both divisions, $25,000,000. The land siil»sidy is thus divided : Central s.^ction— First 900 miles at 12,500 acres per mile— total ll,'.',')0,()()0 a'.res : second sectioi;,. -^50 miles, 16,C'56 acres per mile— total 7, .500,000; tot.il tor the sections, 18,T,'i0,000 acres ; the eaaierm sectijn on Lake Superior, assumed at 6,50 miles, gets a subsidy efjual to 9,615 acres per mile, or in all 6,250,000 acres; total for the whole line, ■25,000,00). " Witii regard to the respective sections the subsidy is to be paid and granted as each section or twenty miles are constructed and in running order. The Government grant water front facilities to the company and admit steel rails, fish-plates, etc., free of duty. The Government e.xtiui.;uish all Indian titlee, the company to locate the line wherever they see fit, preserving tiie following tenniaal j)oints, from Caletid'r station to a i)oint ofj'inciiou with the Lake Superior section and froin Selkirk to the juncaon with western section ni Karaloops by way of Yellowhead Pass, for Pi;-! but to-d down in the follj Thc^ SoiJ aian p({ pinilk'lj thence ^'apititl RailwaJ for coni'il Provisi. i>ur,-iin| l"OH MANITOBA AND THE NCRTU-WE8T. 21 ndout8"of ,cb the ro&d ) same tima orated com- pftny havinK roved of, by f many days, liniarj'- ^^^'' ier the great Mclntyre, ot 1, Rose * Co , ice, bankers ; vU such other incorporated, f >mpany.' '!"« ,| ,\U\on dollar?, <| erablo in such the company. , J.Hm.Uenry ,096, of London, ,1 power to add (1 the majonty rl3. The cluel may from tim« 3 ot Canada rd eclors or share- oropany tor_th« ftt tht principal for the construe- the quality and The work wat n Ijy May, i881, pftv the cost ot k at any time by a complete them The road wiB ■fuction are com- dv is $25,000,000 ■/Money-for th« •total, *9,000,000; eastern, or Lak« or $10,000,000 , Central soctio^- ectiot:, 450 milee, ,cres-, th.»easver« 15 acres per mile, to the respectn • es are consvruct«d the company ftni\ \, all Indian tiliee, oUowing ^no'^ section and from ,whead Pass, rot •twenty years no line of railway ia to be authorized by the Dominion Pariiameni to compete with the Pacific, except it be a line running west or south-west and then it must be fifteen miles away from the American Boundary. The property and capital stock of the Company to be free from taxation. The remaining povisions refer to the system of using the land grant. bonds of che company. THB OBGANIZATION. Shortly after the ratification of the above contract by Parliament the directors ot the Cana- dian Pacific Railway met in Montreal, whe.i the $5. 000,000 of stock required to be subscribed by the terms of the charter were immediately subscribed by the contractors and their friends iri Londoft and Paris, and thirty per cert, thereof paid in, and $1,(:00,000 required to be paid to the Government as security for thn perfot nancf j of the work >vd3 deposited in the Bank of Montreal to the credit of the Finance Minister a*. 0»iawa. The company was then fully organised by the appointment of George Stephen, of Montreal, as president ; Duncan Mclntyre, ot Montreal", ▼ice-president; and J. J. 0. Abbott, Q.C., solicitor, Messrs. Stephen, Mclntyre, Angus ami Hill were chosen as an executive committee, Mr. Charles Drinkwater was appointed secretary and treasurer, and A. B. Stickney, general superintendent of the Western division. Arrange meuts were made for the immediate and rapid pr3secution of the work of construction. The principal headquarters of the company were fixed at ilontreal, and the old Consolidated Bank builaing secured for offices, which are now open for transaction of business. The present eastern termini of the road are the City of Ottawa, the capital of the Domi- nion, ana the town of Brockville, on the St. Lawrence. The line thence to Lake Nipissing, a l«tal mileage of 290 miles, was acquired by purchase. LAND POLICT. The Company purposes to complete and have in operation 250 miles of the railway west ot Winnipeg by the close of the present year, and io carry it to the foot of the Rocky Mountains. •50 miles further, by the end of 1884. The work of construction will, during "the next ten y?ar8, afford employment to a large force ot men and boys. To encourage the rapid settlement of the country, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company will be prepared until further notice, to sell its landii at the low price of $2.50, or ten shillings •terling an acre, payable in instalments, and furthar make an allowance by way of rebate irom this price, of $1.25, or five shillings sterling for every acre of said lands brought under •ultivation within three to five years following the date of purchase, according to the nature and extent of the other improvements made thereon. Contracts at special rates will be made for lands required for cattle raising and other purposes not involving immediate cultivation. Intending settlers and their effects, on reaching the Company's railway, will be forwarded th«reon to their place of destination on very liberal terms. The 800 miles of road west of the Red River, commencing at iSTinnipsg, Manitoba, runs through one of the finest agricultural countries in the world, the settlement of wiiich has hitherto been impeded by the want of railway facilities, but is now vaaking rapid progress. It is estimated iO,000 immigrants have arrived in the North-West daring the pa,!! season. " The applications for land the last summer from private settlers amo inted to about 360,000 acres, and negotiations are now progressing with several Land ana Emigration Companies in Europe and Canada involving a total of nearly three million acr^s " [See Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Official Advertisement of Land Regulations <;l3ewhere.] OTHER RAILWAYS UNDER CONSTEUCTION AND PROJECTED. CUAriTERS GRANTED BY THE DOMINION PARLIAMENT AND LOCAL LEQISLATURB. Five years ago there was not a mile of railway in operation in the Province of Manitoba, but to-day, as will be seen by the map, a perfect net-work of steel rail.-^ are being thiown down in all directions. Besides the great national highway, tlie Canadian Pacific Railway, the following lines have been chartered and will shortly be in operation. Those granted by Dominion Legislation are, South Saskatchewan Valley Railway Company. — From n. point on the line of Cana- dian Pacific Uiiilvvav, west of Province of Manitoba, between U. S. boundary aiid 51st piniUel, to 1)0 fixed ijy Govcrnor-in-Countil, suulli-westerly in direction of the Souris, arid thciu.'c westerly to Rocky Mounliiins on a lino to be approved by the Governor-in Council. Capitid ,■: 5,000, 000. To be commenced not later than the time when the Cnnadian Pacific Railway aiiall 1)0 completed t'loiii Red Rivor to lh'> point approved by IheGovernor-in-Council for com'ineii' in;,' tlit' H. S. V. 11. II., and not losj ilism 20 miles a year to be built thcrGafter. Provisi';;..ii uirectoi'i, .Amlrow itolieitson, Donald Mtlnuis, John Ross, M. IL Cochrane, Uui'.-iui Mctutyre, J. R. Tliibandcuu and Jnnips finnor. 22 maodouoall's illustrated aniDE, i?!! ii-i Nklson Vai,lby Railway and Transpoktation Company. — From tlio north shore of Lake Winnipcj?, or on the navigable waters of any river flowinpf north-weat from fluid lake, to a point at or near the Churchill River at or near the Bhore of Hudson's Kay, with power to own or charter vessels and build t-ilegraph lines. Route of road to be approved by Governor- in-Council. Capital $2,00M,000 Provisional Directors, Hon. Thomas Ryan, Hon. John Hamilton, Peter Redpath, George A. Dnimmond, Alcxiinder Murrav, Duncan Macarthur and Alexander Smith To be commenced within 2 yeaiS and completed in 6 years. Sounhs AND Rocky Moontain Railway. — From a point on the Canadian Pacific Railway to be fixed by the Governor-in-Council, westerly to the Hocky Mountains, between U. h. bonnda:* and Slst parallel, with a branch line southerly to or iiear Souiis coal fields. AH lines to be approved by Governor-in-Council. Capital $2,000,000. To he commencgd not later thnu the time when Canadian Pacilic Railway is built to the point tixcd by Governor-in- Council lor commcncpuient of S. & R. M l{. Provisional Directors, John Fiskin, Warring Kennedy, ArchiV-aUl Young, Hon. M. N. Kennedy, Wm. Bannerman, G. M. Butcluut, Johu Kniitli, John J. Taylor and D. L. ilcLaien. M'l.NNiiM^tt ano Hudson's Hay Railway and Rtkamsiiip Co.— From City of Winnipeg, or near, to Port Nelson, or some other i)oint on Hudson's Hay near the Nelson River, eithe«- all rail oi' by utilizing water stretches ; and to own or charter steam or sailing vessels for U3« on such waters or from terminus to Europe or elsewhere. Capital #2,000,000. To be commenced in 2 years and finished in 6. Provisi ual Directors, Andrew Willsou l^e'l, W'ni. Hanneniian, Charles Smith, William T. McLeod, Peter Jackson Brown, John C. .SoliullT., Hugh Ryan, John G. Haggert, Joseph RiopcHe, Hugh Sutherland, Ale.xauder Baruel and Edmund Elliott. JIAN1T0P.A Soutu-Westkrn COLONIZATION RAILWAY. — From Winpjpeg through South- western .Maiiitoba. Now under construction running through a magnilicout country. (See map ) Wio'ir.'.ouitNE AND Nohtii-Western Railway. — From Canada Pacific, between Poplar Point and western boundary of Province in a north-westerly direction, east of Riding Moun- tnina, to northern or western boundary of Province. Capital ^100,000. To be commenced ii '2 years and finished in 5 years Provisional Directors, George Brown, Hon. M. N. Kenned;^ Hon. C. P. Blown, John Smith, ■( A. K. Drummond, James Cowan, David Young, Hon .M. Walker, John A. Davidson, W. K. Sanford and George Winks. (This road is chartered by the Local Legislature and is being rapidly built ) t OTUEll CHARTERED COMPANIES. To give the render an idea of the large amount of capital finding investment in tho enterprises called into existence by the jirogress and promise of this great country', we append a list of Corporations ciiartercd b^- the Government by Letters Patent during the past fire years. CnARTJ]RS BY LETTl^IJS PATENT. North-W(.sL Trading Company, cajntal $100,00'), 22nd July, IfiT.'J North-Wcit Transportation Company, $300,000. ^th March, 18TV. Saskatchewan Transportation and Trading Company) cpital $200,000, 3rd April, 1877. Winnipeg and Western Transportation Company, capital !? 50,000, Gih June, 1878. Keewatin Lumbering and Llanufaeturiiig Company, cajiital fSO.OOO, 10th July, 1879. North-West Drainage Company, capital SlO,000, 1.5lh August, 1879. Canada Pacific Express Company, capital $50,000, 10th May, 188!J. Northern Transportation Company, capit.al $25,000, 27th May, 1880. B.itisli and Nortli-West Colonization Company, capital $2)0,000, 16lh July, 18%. Canada Lake Superior T-ansit Company, capital $150,000, 22nd September, 188J. Great Northern Transit (!oinpany, capital .■?200,000, 17th September, 1880. Souris Coal and Fuel Company, capital !fo00,000, 3rd December 18.S0. Great North-West Telegraph Company, fo erect and work Telegrap'i. T.ini's, iM'tueen any jioiuts in tli'i Dominion, to connect with American lines, amalgamate witii tlic .Manitoba fel ^raph Co, and Uase other lines. Capital !j; 100,000 to !?(j.)0,OOU. To be commenced within 2 years. north shore of )m sriid lake, to with power to !d by Governor- in, Hon. John Macai'thur and 'OR MANITOBA AM, XHE NORTH-WEST. 23 Pncifio Railway between U. h. 'oal fields. All Cdmmencgd not Ity (tovernor-in- ''iskin, ■\Vaninjj I'litchai't, Johu of Winnipeg, n Kiver, eithw vessels for use )no,oon. To bo .-on i;eM, Wni. oiiri C iScluillr,, jdcr l>uruel and tliroujrh Sonlh- l country. (See between Poplar of Riding Moun- be commenced ia M. N. Kennedy, Young, Hon D. rotid ia chartered ivestinent in the luntry, we append ling the past fiTd , .'iid April, I87T. lune, 1878. Ill) Julv, 1879. July, I8S0. nbcr, 1880. (80. ■ iiii'3, lii'lueon nny villi tlu' .Mimitoba 'u be commenced 24 macdouoall's TLI-USTRATED aUIDB, liil:! CHARTERS APPLIED FOR 1882. The folHwi'ng is a record of progress in the North-West, with a aiimmary of notices o' applicatioiw •« the next session of tlie [jegislature for various Acta of incorporation ; — Lake Manitoba Steamship and Rcaburn Junction Railway Company applies for incor- poration, with power to build and operate a railway, beginning at Reaburn uu the main lin« tit the Canadian Pacific Railway, at or near section 3, township 13, range 3 west, and running in a north-westerly direction to Lake Manitoba, and to build and construct steamboata oi- •ther vessels to run on the Lake and its tributes. The Maaitobn Central Railway Company proposes to build and operate a railway from Winnipeg running in a southerly direction through Morris to the southern boundary of th« Province, at or near West Lynne, with power to build a branch starting at Morris and West Lynne, and running westerly to Portage la Prairie on a point near that place and the western boundary of the Province, and also to build a branch starting at Morris and running easterly •r 80uth-«asterly to the eastern or southern boundary. A Company is proposed which shall construct and operate a railway from a point in or ■ear Portage la Prairie, to a point west of the eastern boundary of range 10 east to the principal meridian, and at or near the south-east corner of township one in range 10 east, and lor other purposes. Then the Pembina Valley Railway Company aims to build a railroad from Ca'f .Mountain •r thereabout and running westerly through the town of Pembina Crossing and Clearwater, and thence north-weslerly to the western boundary of the Province. The Portage and Souria Railway Company asks for power to build and operate a railway from Portage la Prairie to a •outh-westerly direction through the county of Norfolk to a point on the western boundary oi the Province at or near the township six, with power to build a bridge or bridges and to erert and operate telegraph lines along the route of the railway and to build a branch cr brunches ruooing in a northerly direction to the boundary. A Company proposes to construct and operate a railwiiy from some point in township " 13," range " 20 " west, at or near Rapid City, to a point in townsliip " 23 " range " 29 ' west, and thence with a branch south-easterly to a point or points in township 7 or 8, range 16 west, near Milford, and with power to construct and operate other branches in any other direction, and to connect and effect a junction with the Emerson & Norih-VVeslern Railway, tr other roads in an easterly or south-easterly direction. Application is also to be made to incorporate the De Winton k Manitoba Central Rail- nad for the building of a railroad from De winton station of the Canadian Pacific Railronil m A northerly direction into the Valley of the Little Saskatchewan and to the northerI« boundary of toe Province. NAVIGATION, ON THl BID AND A8SIN1B0INB RIVERS, LAKE WIMIflPEO AND OTFIKR WATEU- C0URSE8. The Red River is navigable for 400 miles from the mouth at Lake Winnipeg, and the Assiniboine 200 miles from itsju.iction with the Red River at Winnipeg. Lake Winnipeg iii also navigable, and with butont interruption at Cilrand Rapids near its mouth, the iSaskut- chewan with ita two branches is navigable for over 1,200, making a promising higliway for commerce. There ar^ three companies owning and running sone twenty large flat bottom steam- boats, which have an immense carrying capacity. During tho'sea-son a largo uinoimt oi freight is transported to and from the interior. INLAND TRANSPORTATION. Besides railway and steamboat communication enterprising companies li.ive establishcil mail and stage lines which carry froigiit and passengers from tlie teiniiiii of railways and other points hundreds of miles into the interior. The great pleasure of a drive over these garden prairies cannot be exaggeniteil, and to those who do not care to buy an outlit, the fast travelling of the stage coach will be enjoyable and profitable. Messrs ilcLaue & Sindair operato the leading stage lines. FOR MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. ry of notices o' •atiou;— [)pUea for incor- )ii the maia line est, and running ;t steamboats or a railway from boundary of th« ilorris and West and tlie western running easterly •ora a point in or re 10 east to tlie ange 10 east, and im Calf Mountain and Clearwater, ortage andSouri* igo la Prairie to i* stern boundary ot idges and to ereri rancb or l)rancho!» point in townsliiu 23 " range " 20 " isbip 7 or 8, run fee cliea in any other .Western Hail way, toha Central Rail- n Pftcific Rail Iliad d to llie northerl)! OTHKR WATEIt- Winnipeg, and the Lake Winnipeg \i month, the Baskat- ising highway for flat bottom sletim- a largo aiiioiuit ol ios have established liiii of railways and f ft drive over these uy an outlit, the fa.n ' ilcLiuie k Sindair ^ 2! 26 macdouqall's ILLUSTBATED GiriDR, ^»«**< Mtfi *■■ '!'< » ■IRn'S-BVB VIBW OV WlNNIPK^l. '\^r I isr M I F K* a : 1871 to 1S82. THE PHENOMENAL CITY— ITS WONDKKFUL GROWTH AND PEOSPERITY. There is no cily, in either Cnnndn, or the United States, fhnthi\9 perhaps attracted so miicli attention during the last t"yf years as WinnipeR, and it owes tiiis exceptional fact to its having around and bryond it one of the largest and most fertile tracts of country on tli« habitable globe. It has, throntrh this source, become the metropolis of what, in the not distant future, will doubtless prove one of the most wealthy and prosiierous portions of this continent. It is only fitting, therefore, that a city regarding which there is so much inquiry should haro its material prosperity aud rapid growth made known, and such information airorded as will forever silence those who conjure up in their minds that too tlattcring a picture is drawn of what was once known as the Great Lone liatid, or that the expcttatious ot the citizens of it« chief city will ever be realized. Facts are stubborn tilings, and these are the arguments wo purpose adducing in support of our assertion that no city in America has cijualled the unparalleled success attained by Winnipeg in less than a di'cade. It is frequently compared with Chicago in this nariicular, and very naturally so, as the circunislancts surrounding the early growth of b itli cities are not dissimilar, with exceptional advantages in favor of Winnipeg. The site of the city is favorably chosen at the confluence of two gient navigable streams— the Red and Assiuiboine Rivers— into which many smaller streams How. Through the medium of the Hrst river, connection is had with Lake \Viiiiiii)cg and all rivers having a* outlet into tliat large body of fresh water. These livers and laketi give 'Winuipeg a system of inland navigation possessed by few other cities in either the Dominion or neighboring Re])ul)lic, aud with slight improvements must ensure a large mercantile marine, and additional commercial pros|)erity to this growing city. Prior to 1870 the tov.'n was nothing more than a chief trading posf of the Hudson's Bajr Company, whose headquarters were for years at Fort Garry, whose embattlcments, now en de.sh iiMle, are still the object of much curiosity to tourists and othere visiting the city. At that date the population was estimated at 300 souls, and of these the greater number wera balf-breeds and Indians who did service for the Hudson's liay Company ; besides these, FOR MAN1T> BA AM) THE NOUTQ-WEBT. 27 kVTII AND MAIN BTKKKT, 1882. •' • however, there was the nucleus of what has since proved to be a poi)ii!ous city, «iul one that is ile.Htiued to occupy a fur irreater and more important ])0.-iiiou tiian it h.'is yet 'tniiied. In acidition to tlie facilities afforded for inland navijration, railway enterprfses in opii,, ion, and otliera ])r()jected, jrive every indication of Winnipej^ very sliortly becoming a railway centre that will rival f'liicngo itself. It is fair, then, tu a.si:unie tliat a city, 'with facilities for navigation to the coal mines of the Souris and to ilie coal sy.stcms and riclier auriferous depo:?its of the mighty Saskatchewan, together with railway facilities to the Kastern Provinces, to the United States, and to the interior of llio great .North-West, must become the entrepot of a great commercial community. After the Red I{iver troubles hid been supjiressed, more than ordinary attention was directed to the North-West, and a tide of immigration set in wliicli gave Winnipeg its first impetus as a rising city. The growth of the city since has been marvellous, and a pource of astonishment to citizens as well as strangers. In the interim, Manitoba was constituted a Province nf the Dominion <'oiifederation, with Winnipeg as the provincial capital, and,lastyeartlie Dominion Legislature gave the Province an increase of area placing it jiolitically on a footing with the older Provinces and giving her a position of equal prominence on the map of the Dominion of Canada. This gives a metrojiolitan character to tlie place, and has brought the element of political autonomy in its train, making it the headquarters of the Provincial Government, where the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor and all the public departments of the Province are located, as well as the Superior Courts and court bouse and jail. The Dominion Govern- ment, too, have made this city the headquarters for locally tran.aacting business in Manitoba and the North-West. .Notablj- amongst tliese are the Customs, Inland lievenue. Immigration, Dominion Lands. lU-ceiver (ieneral, (Jrown Timber, Canadian Pacific Railway, Indian and Post Office Departmefits. Shortly after— in November, 1873 — the city was incorporated, and from the 1st Jao'iary, 1874, may be dated the commencement of its civic career, at which time the population did not exceed 2,000, whereas now it numbers more than 15,o0() souls The as.^es-ment of real estate, too, which at that time was hut a little over j-2,000,000, has, in 1881 — less than six years — increased to nearly #10,000,000, but during 1882, property has increased no marvellously that the coming assessment will reach over $15,000,000, building sites on the Mam street having sold at *1,000 per foot front. The sum of I? 1,000.000 was expended in llie erection of buildings during the season of 1880, and this (lid not include Ijuildings under way, such as the Merchants Bank, Manitoba Cluli, Parliament House. Lleutcnant-tiovernor's residence, and-plher handsoino private residences, nor the outlay by tlie city corporation in street im])rovemPiils, drainage, sidewalks, etc., nor the laying down by the Canadian Pacifu- and Manitolia South-Westera liaihvays of a large mileage of luiihvavs in and around tin environs of the corjioration. which is estimated at Jli.'iO.i.iOO. At the close of ISBl over §1.500,000 bad been invested in buildings and iuiprove- iiients in addition to the foregoing iigures, besides the bridges built over the lied and Assiniboiiie l{ivers. In this connection it will be interesting to note, from a computation by the city registrar, that the sum of about ?2.3'i ',oo;) was invested in real estate within the city limits during the year, involving transactions amounting to an avera'je of about §55,000 each week by real estate agenta and jirivate individual-). The rise and progress of the thriving suburbs of St. Honiface and St. John's hinge so much uiion that of Winnipeg, that to all intents and purposes they might virtually be a-fsuined as legitimate portions of the city. 28 MACDOCOAM/s II.LUSrRATEO OUIDB, During 1881, tlip sales of real estate within ilie city liniiti it may be safely assumed increased 80 per cent over llu' ptecedintr >cHr, and tliat an avcra^ce of 50 per cent advance was obtained— at least an adiiitional millioii dullurrf will liiivo bctii spent in building opera- tions by the close of tlie year, and it may be iiaid tiiat the sti'uetureii are of a superior class ftnd will compare favorably witli Ijusini-M.s lioiis».-i in otlier citie:!. The mercantile and conimerciiil iiitcrest.s of Wii.nipetr are as yet but in their infancy, knt giant strides liave also bfi.'n maile in this diifciin'i. There are at nreserit live banks in the city, all doin}? a lar^e budini'^is— the Moi^li uit<'. i;;irik of Jlonlreal, Ontario liaiik, Imperial, and Union, besides four private bank,-). u;l I ;i prospect of two or three more opening atrencies early next year. The whok'tsaie iiii'rciiutilu' trade is la.-)t risinj? into importance, and an enormous business has recently been developed in tlic North-West. Goods are being daily carted to the Railway de|)ots and steamboat wharves, while myriads of traders with the traditional Red River cans, curry an enormous tonnage over the plains as far west as the Rocky Mountains. Tiiere is also a number of m tine retail houses m the mercantile lines a« can be found in cither Montreal or Toronto, and all doing an immense amount of business. In 187:i, out of lliirty-si.x Inland Revenm Divisions,' .Manitoba stood thirty-8i.\tli on tlie list. In 1880, out of thirty six divisions, Manitoba stood in its collection and busines?, twelftli on the list. The facilities for commerce, although very great, are found to be unequal to th* re(iuirements of the city, and its rapid growth. The Red River is navigable for 400 miles from its mouth at Lake Winnipeg, and the Asjiniboine .SOO miles from its junction with the Red River. Lake Winnipeg is also navigable, and with but one interruption at Grand Rapids, near its mouth, tlie Saskatchewan with its two branches is navigable for over 1,200 miles, making a promising highway for commerce. The indusiries of the city are as yet in their infancy, but wlien the drawback occasioned^y tlie previous scarcity of fuel is taken into consideration, it will be admitted that the record in this direction is a creditable one for two or three years. Within the last year or two there has been material progress made in both the character and design of many of our public and private bi.ildings. A good class of attizans have arrived in the city, and in the general growth of Winnipeg their handiwork has been one of the principal elements in the success that has been attained. Several brick-yards have been established during the year, which, with those previously in operation, must have manufactured 20,000,000 this season. There are three grist mills, two foundries, machine shops, six steam saw-milli and lumber establishments, four breweries, two malt houses, one disiillery, two cigar manu- factories, four furniture warehouses and manufactories, soap factories, a biscuit faciory, and also a number of carriage and blacksinithing establishments. In this connection it may be mentioned that five or six of the leading agricultural implement manufacturers of Canada and the United States have handsome warehouses, doing a rushing trade here ; in fact, it may be stated, without fear of contradiction, that in no other place in the Dominion is there so largo a trade done in farming implemt ntj as in Winnipeg. There are some fifty-five hotels in the city, some of which are very commodious houses, and a great improvement on what existed even tnree years ago. There arc three daily newspapers, also job printing establishments and book binderies. There is a manufactory in which stone ot a very good quality is made. There are, in addition to the above, a number of minor industries called into active operation k>/ the requirements of this busy community. As will be seen by the illustrations of Winnipeg, in 1871, in 1879, and the bird's-eye view of the city in 1831, togetlier with the view of Main Street, immense progress has been made in the commercial development of this " phenomenal city," and in its material growth— what was a hamlet ten years ago is now a thriving city of 15,000 people. From the latest inform- ation received while this work was in press, it is estimated that several millions of dcllart have been received through banks and loan associations for investment in Winnipeg ana its suburbs each month during the past season. To older communities fabulous sums seem to have been paid for properties witliin the city limits; but these transflctions, surprising as they may be, are justified by the voli^me of business done and by the expectations formed of the future of the metropolis based upon the experiences of the past. Surrounded as this great North-Western distributing centre is by an inexhaustably fertile country, with great railway and river communication and transportation facilities, no wonder there is anxiety on the part of " the men who have made it," ami outside speculators to invest in its properties and profit by its wonderful growth and advancement. We do not believe we use the language of exaggeration when it is stated that no city on this Continent 1ms made such rapid and substantial increase in commercial cower and general doveloiiment during the time of it« existence. The writer can point to fifty young men who arrived in Winnipeg without $.300 three years ago who are now worth S25,0O0 each, and there are many prominent merchants in the city to-day who can boast of a handsomo fortune who hail only a few hundred dollars to invest in business when they started operations in .Manitoba a few years nc'o. Certainly there has been a great amount of speculation and consequent excitement, but those who have firedicted failure or misfortune are still waiting for tliu fullilment of their prophecies, and are ikely to do so for many years, for no city on the (Jontinent of America has more brilliant prospect.-!. Of a more favorable situation feographicaily, as the greatest wheat-growing country in the world. iistributing market of the FOR MANITOBA AND THE NORTH WEST. 29 Aj aaBumcd ent advance Idinp opera- uperior class heir infancy, banka in tho ik, Imperiai, ing ftgencicB iince, and an B being daily Jers with the r west as the intile lines ae )f biisincsa. ^-sixth on the sinea?, twelftli unequal to th« •too miles from with the lied id Rapids, near miles, making their infancy, I consideration, or three years. character and have arrived in of the principal een established tured 20,000,000 iteara saw-mills ffo cigar manu- lit factory, and ciion it may be tiers of Canada ; in fact, it may uion is there bo fty-five hotels in on what existed r establishment! quality is made. active operation e bird's-eye view las been made in il growth— whal lie latest inform- illions of dollars V^innipeg ana iti lua sums seem to surprising as they na formed of the led aa this great ith great railway ixiely on the part incrlies and profit ' the language ot J such rapid and ig the time of ita peg without $300 iient merchants in nu.lrod dollars to ,. Certainly there t those who have ■opheciea, and are i;n more brilliant ■ i'lg uiavket of the ir. H P3 n oc 30 MACI OIIOALI/S ILLUSTRATED QUIDB, BIRD 8-KYI VIBW. ■i ! I & i The City of P^nierson, the " Gateway City " of Manitoba, was incorpomtod as a city in \HS'\ h'lvinp a popiiiiition of over 2,000 inhabitants. The oripriiinl town site w s laid out by Ciipt. Tiioning ('arney, the present nmyor of the city, and tlie rei)rerientiitivo in liie Loeal Legislature of the County of Kniorso'n, and by Mr. W. N' Fairbunks, both leading men in coni- niereial circles. Eniorson started into e.xititence in June, 1874, and in six years has nuida (fiant strides commercially, rankinpr second in point of size and importance in the new North- West, having displayed a spirit of enterpnse whi'di, it emulated by other rising towns in the new country, will accomplish in a few years, for the commerce and trade of the countrjr generally, such marvellous growth and progress as will surpiiso the world. The city ig situated on the cast bank of Red River, n short distance from the international boundary, and is the terminus of the Pembina Branch of the (Canadian ['acilie l^ailway where it connects with the St. Paul, Minneapolis and .Manitoba Ilailway, which is the first link in the chain or the great American system of western railway coininiinication which begins or ends here. It is a port of entry for Manitoba and contains, besides a Uoininion custom house, land oflico, etc., railway, steamboat, stage, evpress, telegraph offices, and numy unposiug mercantile and private buildings, inehidiug an opera house, city hall, etc., etc. Tlie growth of the city in all departments has been remaikable, and is due largely to the liberality and enterprise of its founders and the business men generally. A handsome tratlic bridge has recently Ik'cii built across the Red River at a cost of .i^l^G.OOO by the city, which gives conmiunication with the wheat fields of Southern Manitoba, and will draw the ti'ade of this fertile country to the iioors of the mercantile men of Emerson, wiio unitedly and with rare enterprise, completed the lirsl free traliie bridge over the Red River. The bridge itself may be described as follows: It consists of two spans 85 feet each, and one swing bridge 145 feet in letigtli, with two shore rpproiiche-" on piles. The piers, which rest upon pile foundations, are tivt- in number, and are built of oak crib work with stone fillings. The superstructure is built upon what is known as the " combination Howe- truss " principle, the lower chords and other tension numbers being of iroi', and th>^ comjiression members of wood. The roadway is 10 feet in clear wi-lth, I'-aviuL; room tor teama to paaa. The swing bridg' when open, leaves two clear channels of *'0 feel each. " Two years ago Emerson was only h small hamlet, with streets and town site generally much as Nature made them, even Dominion Street the business Ihoroighfare of tlie town, Iwing overgrown with scrub, from the Martin House to the present railway station, while 1 tg on said streets that are to day worth ^5,000 could at that time Ik; purchased for i'2"0. Threo general stores, two hotels, one law office, a tailor shop, a livery stable, a blacksmith shop, an KOR MANITOBA AND TUB NOllTII-WKST. 31 ftgriciiltural implement warehouse, anil k.U, but not least, a school houfo 15 x 24, threw gmall church cdificea, one ahout 12 x 15, and a few dwf'.litiR hoii3es, cofnprised the entire business, educational, religious and tJoi'liil interests of the town of Kniersou in November, 1878, only thirty-Hix monthi ajjo. To- lay the straRglinR hamlet in th'n brief spacn ot three years has grown into a vigorous and tliriving young city, with a mayor and Coun(;il ; a fire department, engine house and a $'i,0()0 Bti'am fire engine, a school board, and all the mochincry of a prosperous corporation. This 15 x 2t schoolhouse has given |)Uce to a handsome and substantial brick edifice erected at an expense of over t3,000. Six substantial church edifices adorn the town, while six resident ministers look after the spiritual affairs of the place. Tlu! business interests of the town have developed proportionately, and now numerous general stores, hardware, dry goods, grocery, furniture and drugstores; six hotels, some of them unsurpassed by anything in the Province; three extensive lumber yards, wflh sales amounti^^c this year to ten millions of feet ; six large agricultural implement waie- housos, two banks, and five or more representatives of every line of business, trade and profession, supply the wants of a rich, fertile and well settled cection cast, north and west, while the assesseil valuation of the town had reached the comfortable sum of seven hundred thousand dollars." . • • . Kmerson will become a railway centre. Numerous roads pointing in this direction, among which ini^jlit be mentioned the Duluth A Knun-'^ijn Air Line, already chartered and having a valuable land grant, and intended to connect with the Canadian Pacific at this noint. Then there is the F/morson k North-Western Railway, which has been siiivoyed and will phortlv be built. The buildin;; i t this road has been undertaken by the Ca.nauian I'acii'ki Uailwav Co., the City of Kmerson having with unusual enterprise, even in this enterprising country, subsidized them liberally to carry out the conditions ot' the charter. (die daily newgjiaper, the inUrnalional, and a semi-weekly journal, are published in Emerson. porntod as a city in le W'S laid out by tativo in the L»C'^l ading men in coni- X years has iiwvda in the new North- -ling towns in the " le of the country world. The city is iial boundary, and where it connects nk in the chain or ■jrms or ends here, bouse, land olfico, .Ving mercantile and wthof the city in all ,nd enterprise ot its recently Ix'cu built nunication with the ouniry to the -mors completed the hrst spans 85 feet each, •3 Th>i piers, which lib work with stone nation Howe- truss and the c.nnpression lor teams to paaa. town site generally ,ghfarc of tne town, hy station, whiU- 1 ts 'v.l for i'^'>0. Thrett black,^milh shop, aa UACDOiraALL'd ILLCSTRATID ODIDB, Court HoraE. The Town of Portnire la Prairie Wfts iiicorporatfid in 1881, and like other stirring l)U»ine«s rentrcs in the Canmlian North-West, hnsi, in a few years, sprung from a village of a few lionses to a town of importance, with large rommercial interests and brilliant prospects. In 1873 the population was ])roV)nMy two hundred souls, to-day there mu^t lie nearly three thousand peojiie who live by llie business carried on in this go-ahead " I'rairie " town. Portage la Prairie is the a )unty town of Marmiette West and is the scat of the county court and registry office. It is on the Assiniboine Kiver, 65 miles f .om Winnipeg, and is on the lin^ of the Canadian I'acilic linilway. Largo and flourishing settlements surround it, and a good trade is being done wi'h Western Manitoba and the N'orlh-West Terriiorii's. During tliu coming season there will . e daily communication with Winnipeg, both Iiy river and rail, and to and from the West, «.=< "'• as Fort Ellice, ntenmboats will navig.ito the Astiiniboine and bring trade to the town fi-ij.ii the rapidly growing settlements of the North-West, while at the 0. P. R. progresses nil facilities will be oHered the merchants and Portage la Prairie will compete with Winnipeg for her share of the western tradi'. besides several liolels, saw and grist mills, breweries, banks, mercantile houses, etc., this jiLice is well supplied with rhurrheg, schools, etc.. and has all the machinery of a prosperous and growing town, whose future prospects justify new enterprises, extensive building operatiotis aud the investment ol' larga sums of money generally. A few yetLTi ago town lots could be purchased 'at from $15 to JSO and to day the same iiroperty is held at from f 500 to 5,000. Without using the language of exaggeration, it may be said that the future of Portage la Prairie will be a brilliant one. Hesides nn excelleiu location on a navigable river, it is situated in the midst of a wonderfully fertile country which is already closely settled and boasts some of tlie finest farms in the North- West. Large building operations are projected for next season, and a large amoimt of capital will find its way to the profitable investments olTered in every department of trade and commerce. We predict considerable rivalry in the embryo cities of the North-West, and while the compe- tition thus excited is healthy and inspiriting, the " Portage," composed of a community of active self-made and liberal business men, will be sure to hold her place in the front rank a4 a distributing market and trade centre of Western Manitoba and the North-Weat. A branch of the Ontario Bank is doing a large and profitable business here, and l)ranche.^ of private Banking ITouses are enjoying comfortable positions for money making. Fifty miles of the Portage la Prairie, Westbourne, and North-Western Railway have been graded and the rails are being rapidly thrown down. The building of this road may be said to settle any doubts as to the future of'^this place. Large mills and elevators are projected, and the coming year will chronicle a vast increase of the grain trade and giant strides will be made in general commercial progress and in the development of new manufacturing enter- prises. Already these industries are of no mean order, as will be seen by the many smoke stacks and the looming up of largo buildings. The demand for eligible property, especially business sites, is great, and values have increased in some cases a hundred-fold the past season. As with Winnipeg, Emerson and Brandon, many comfortable fortunes have bee* made out of real estate transactions in Portage la Prairie. There are two newspapers published here which compare favorably with the best journals of the country and wdom editorials aid largely in developing enterprise and advertising the attractions of the town and surrounding country. The Marquette Review was the first paper started and has now a Iarg« and influential circulation. Recently a new journal has been established, the name of wkoli we have not yet received. Ar one large Has ; lion Ba thirt; fionri over ia')2, : man ceedt hand schoc thei GAZETTEER OF — IE. Btirring Vmsineas nllftge of a fpw it prospects. In V)e nearly three I'rairio " town, he county court ind is on iheliwj cl it, and a (jood i(>s. Diirinff tho fccr and rail, and Astiinilioine and 1-West, wliile «• L^e la Prairie will hotels, Raw and ?d with rh'jrrhes, vn, whose fntnrn ■eBlincnt ol' lartjfl to day the same ■freration. it may ides nn excellent V fertile country "the North-Wrst. it of capital vrill ie and commerce, while the compe- ' a community of Ihe front rank a4 West. ere, and hranches iking. tailway hare boea road may be sairt are projected, and nt strides will be uifacturing enter- tlie many smoke operty, especially dred-rold the past jrtunes have bee* two newspapert ountry and wnow ns of the town and d has now a large ihe name of wkofc Towns, Villages and Settle/aents — IX — IvI-A.ISriTOB^ AND TBI NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. In attempting to compile a correct and reliable GAZETTRsa for the Canadian North-VVest, where changes arc so rapid, and where new towns spring into existence every few weeks, wo liave undertaken a diflScult task, and one not easily fulfilled satisfactorily. It hns been our ;iim, however, to collect such information from those on the spot as will serve the interests ot uur readers, and we shall trust to future editions to make the necessary amendments and alterations. Alexandria. — Township 2, Range 6, west. A well settled township, south west of Pem- liina Mountain, having a post otlicc, general mores, &e. AnciiinALD, P. 0. — Tupper Township, Range 5), west. Pembina Mountain district, 80 miles S. W. from Winnipeg, on projected line or" South-Western Railway. A post office, hotel and store are already established. The townshii) is well settled. Big Pembina River runs through, and Dethune's Lake is situated in this township. Arovle. — Township 14, Range 2, west. In one of the half-breed reserves, but now largely occupied by a thrifty class of farn".'r8. Has a post othce 12 miles horn Railroad Sta- tion at Stonewall. Baie St. Pal'l.— On the Assiniboine, about thirty miles from Winnipeg, is a very fiuorishing settlement with a population of over 1,000. The parish was established in 1832, by Rev. George A. Belcomet, and a Ro- man Catholic church built, Tyhich was suc- ceeded four years ago by a very large and handsome structure. The town has several schools, hotels, post office, stores, Ac, andi the registry office for Marquette East. j BALMOttAi..— Township 16, Range 2, east, a miles north from Stonewall on line of thei C P. R. West is a well settled toWnship: with good soil, and is abundantlr Bappliedj with wood, has several schools anu chatches, and on Section 7 a store, blacksmith shop, and post ofliee. A grist mill is soon t» be erected. Battlkfop.», i\.-W. T — Is the Capital of the North-West Territory, and is well situated on the south bank of Ba'ttle River, about two hundred feet above the waters, almost at the confluence of that river with the Saskatche- wan, which is navigable to this point, and on which the Hudson Say Company has steam- ers running. Government House is a fine edilce, and with tho otlices of the Stipendi- ary Magistrate and Registrar forms an im- posing range of buildings. Battleford is thi' headquarters of the Mounted Police, is con- nected with the outer world by telegraph, and boasts the first newspaper pr'.^. an old settlement on the Red River, 26 miles north from Winnipeg, has post office, Protestant church and two stores. Kdhu.— Township 16. Range 15, west. A new settlement at the base of Riding Moun- tains, containing some of the best land in the Province with good wood and water. Edmonton, N.-W. T.— A Hudson's Bay post, 880 miles west of Winnipeg, has a population of about 300 ; rapidlr inorcHsing. It is a post ef the >forth-Wo8t Mountr i Police, and has a I f i; it. I ge in section 10, 4 and 15, Ran go Selkirii, lias ii nd post office. ♦ ho township, die settlement, nt in Townshii >3 about one- L-mainder beinc; ■a. Township '2.. it fron> Emerson jssiufr of main ind the Sonris. fnl water gives ne good water larwater ha.' a iral warehouse, r mill and \>oH [' railway coru- 12, Range 6, }n\ church, ii u Weekly mail. inge 10, west, ost ollice callod 1 on the I'eni- iles south Crotn Has 4 stod'os, jtlice. Populii- \a settlement i.s ist of Curlton ipeg, am? is fast niercial cestre. arge sti^re here, oh and school, y Nuns. lange 2, east, the scttlcraentd Lynno. Has a stores, hotel, e a flourishing the Pembina ulh from Win- ngc 2, I'H.st, 15 Population 100. *ct"r's. an old 2(5 miles nortli ice, Protestant e 15, west. A Riding Moun- lest land in the water. Ison's Bay post, is a population ig. It IS a post dice, and has a FOR MANITOB.V AND THE NOHTH-WEST. 3& hotel, two gi i.st mills, two saw mills, one with shingle und lath attachment, three churches, several stores and a post office. Gold is found on the Suskatchewan River in paying quan- tities, and several hundred tons of coal have been taken oijt within two miles of the town. The Hudson's Ba^ Company are laying out the town site, which, overlooking the Saskat- chewan at an elevation of several hundred feet, is one of the most picturesque in the North-West. With its many advantages Edmonton must become one of the leading cities of the North-West. Port Carltok, N.-W. T.— la a Hudson's Bay Company post on the North Saskatche- wan, 620 miles west of Winnipeg. There is a post office here, a good store and a church. The population of the dist'ct is over one thousand. Fort Pitt, N.-W.T.— A Hudson's Bay post, 687 miles W. of Winnipeg; is the headquarters of tlie Catholic mission to the Crees; there is a good church, and an e.xcellent school where the Indian children are taught to read and write their own language. FouT Sa8katchew.\n, N.-W. T.— This is a French Canadian settlement 88G miles west of Winnipeg; it numbers about one hundred and fifty souls; and has two stores, a Catho- lic church, and a post office. Soil is fertile, and the coal found in the neighbourhood is even better than that found at Edmonton. FoRTVER-urLiox, N -W.T.— A Hudson's Bay post on the Peace River, over 600 miles north of Winnipeg. Cereals grow here to great perfection. In the garden of the offices of the Fort last year, 18 bushels of wheat were taken from half an acre, and there were excellent crops of barley, potatoes, turnips, beets, onions, carrots, parsnips and cabbage. Many of the potatoes weighed over 2 lbs. FuANKLix. — Township 2, Range 3; east, on the east side of Red River, is a pa. . ally set- tled township, having about 100 population. PniBDRiCHSTUAL.— A Mcunonito village in aeetion 5, Township G, Range 5, east. Gauthikr. — Township 2, Range 1, east, on the Red River, 60 miles south from Winnipeg, a French settlement of about 1,000. The village has a population of 200, with G places of business, I grist mill, church, school and pgst office. Qladstomb.— Township 14, Range 11, west, at the crossiiig of White Mud River. Popula- tion about 500. Th« township is well laid out, and the place growing rapidly; baa a Protestant church and school ; grist and saw mills, hotels, stores, post office, ko.j and pro- mises to become one of the most important towns in the Province. Grasbmbrb.— Township 13, Range 1, east, is a tkickly settled township, containing the thriving town of Stonewall; is well supplied with schools, churches, stores, &c. This whole township is underlaid with limestone rock. GnKRN RiDOR. —Townshii) -• Range 4, oast, 55 miles from Winnipeg, 1^ miles N. E. from Emerson, 8 miles east from Dominion City on Pembina Branch C. P. R., 2 miles south from Kosseau River. It has 2 general stores, 1 church, school and post office, with weekly mail. Coal has been discovered 8 miles cast from here. Greenwood.— Township 15, Range 2. east, is a flourishing settlement, 15 miles north-east from Stonewall on the C. P. R., Las a popu- lation of about 200. Mail weekly. Grinfelo.— A Mennonite village in section 32, Township 6, Range 5, east. Grinthal. — A Mennonite village in section 32, Township 5, Range 5, east. Groswede.- a Mennonite village in sec- tion 1, Township 7, Range -i, east. GaADENFELP. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 19, Township 5, Range 5, east. Hradinqly. — One of the most flourishinjf settlements on the Assiniboine, 13 miles from Winnipeg, with a population of over 1,000: has a Protestant and a Presbyterian Church, and several good schools, with a good hotelr several stores and a post office. Hicn Blcfp. — Situated on the Assiniboin>- River, about 50 miles from Winnipeg; is ait eld settlement, with a population of abour. 500; there is a post office, several mill.-, stores, &c., a Protestant Church and a Pres- byterian Church. IIociiFiBLu. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 30, Township 7, Range 6, east. HooHSTADT. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 3, Township 6, Rango 5, east. HoLL.vND. — Township 7, Rango 11, west; a well settled township 6 miles from Smarts' Landing on Assiniboine River, post oflice on section 28. Mail fortnightly. Hddso.v.— Township 1, Range 111, east, situated east of Emerson, is a small .settle- ment on the boundary line. HniinoLDT, N.-W. T — A telegraph station at the junction of the telegraph line and tho Battleford road, 453 miles from Winnipeg. KiLDOVAK.— On the west bank of the Red River, five miles from Winnipeg, is the oldest English parish iu the Province, uaving been first settled by the Karl of Selkirk's colonist^!, in 1814, and named after their old Parish in Scotland. Population about 500. The town is a flourishing one, has a post office, several churches, stores, literary and other societies, and an excellent school. The municipality of the parishes of Kildonan and St. John was organized in 1876. KkonsthaIi. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 40, Township 7, Range 4, east. Lktklmer.— Township 2, Rango 1, cast^ a well-settled township, situated west of Riviere au.x Maraia, near Red River; is chiefly occu- pied by French Canadians who have returned from the United States under the direction of 86 macdouoall's illustkated quiub, the Miinitobii Colonization Society. Ila? a i?oinan Catiiolic Church and a post office. LiviNGSTOX.— Township 14, Range 12, west, on the west of Ciladstone, from which it receives its mail. Population alioiit 100. Meadow Lea.— Section ?,0, Township (of Meadow Lea> 1.'!, Range ,3, we?t, a stition oa the Can. Pacific Ry., 35 miles north-west from Winnipeg, with population often families in centre of fine stock-raising country, which ships large qiiantitifs of milk daily by train to Winnipeg. It has 4 stores and 3 school iiouscs within the township. Melbourne.— Township 14, Range T), west ; population about 200 ; nearest post oflice, Pojilar Point. Met,wooo.— Township 3, Range 111, cast, a partially seitled township noi th of Rivi6re nu Rosseau. Mkkxonite .Settlements, Pembina Moun- tain.— The lirst settlement of Mennonites, in the Pembina Mountain Reserve, toolt place in July, 1870, when about 300 families arrired. At the present time there are thirtj'-four villages, with populations of from 70 to 200 each, tiiakiiig a total of about seven hundred familie.i, or over four thousand souls. The only church in the Reserve is in their land and there is no post office, the mail being taken from Emerson. There i^ a school in every village, and also a grocer, blacksmith, sihoe'maker, carpenter, and saddler. There fire several grist and saw mills; and the people, who are nearly all farmers, are well supplied with farm stock and implements. There are settlements also at that river and ."Scratching River. .MiLt.RROOKE. — Township 10, Range 6, east, 18 miles east from Winnipeg, is a fail ly settled township. Has a school, church, and post office. Population 200. Mills. — Township 2, Range 8, west, a new township partly settled. Alexandra is nearft post office. MiNNKDOSA.— Is a thriving town on the little Saskatchewan River, 80 miles from Portage la Prairie. It possesses a grist and saw mill, several fine stores, a first-class hotel, a post office, etc., and is growing, well. Its busiuess men are energetic and will make the town a fining centre for the fine country surrounding it. Monnhs — A thriving town on the Red Ri-ver, at the mouth of Scratching River, 24 miles north of the boundary line and 36 from Winnipeg. The town plot was laid out in 1877, and there is now a population of over •500; there are four fine cnurches, Metho- dist, Episcopal-Methodist, Presbyterian and Church of Knglaijd. The latter building is lately completed at a cost of $2,500. It lias al^o a school, two hotels, a grist and s.iw mill, two bricls yards, two largo grain warehonscs, several stores and a weekly newspaper. It is the centre of a fine agriciiltural coiintry, and with the prospect of early railroad con- nection promises at no distant date to In coniw a large town. Nelso.nvii.le. — Situa'ed in Town.^hips 3 and 4, Range (>, about 70 mile? from Winni- peg, and 58 west tVum Emersou. Is the lead- ing town in Southern ManiioUa and is sur- rounded by one of the riche.^taiid liest settled districts in the whole North-West. It has:! hotels, 3 implement warehouses, a grist mill with three run of stone, saw mill, shingie factory, two cabinet factories, 6 stores, a Dominion Lands olfice, a newspaper, the Manitoba Mountaineer, the registry office for Dulferin and Lome, and post office with bi- weekly mail. One church is completed, two are under course of construction. The pro- fessions are represented by three doctors, one lawyer and lour resident clergymen. Its growth has been rapid but steady, and as ii will almost certainly be a point on th.- Western Railway it must soon develop into a considerable town. NivKRviLLK. — On the Pembina Branch of 0. P. Ry. 20 miles south of Winnipeg, is rop- ported on the east by the Mcnnonite Settle- ment known as Rat Creek Reserve, adjoining which on the east are the thriving settle- ments of Clear Springs and Point du Chfine It has two stores, a hotel, a grain elevator, with a capacity of 30,000 bushel.-'; a daily mail and telegraph oflice Notue-T)amk de Loi!ETTE.— This parish is situated on the Seine River between tlii- parishes of St. Boniface and St. Anne do Chdne, and was settled in 1860. It has a Roman Catholic Church, two schools, and several stores. The post office is Lorelto. Oaklands — Township 13, Range 7, west; second township north of Portage la Prairie; population about 200; has a liotel, (general store, and post office. Os.sowo. — Township 13, Range 4. west, north of Bale St. Paul ami Poplar Point; was reserved for German settlers by the Oerraan Society, Montreal, but they failing to send in spttlers, the township was reopenei! for set- tlement, and has filled up rapidly. Therd is a post pffice, stores, etc. OsTERWicK, a Mennonitc village in section 25, Township 7, Range 4, east. Park'.s Crekk.— In the old settled parish ot St. Andrews, .South, on Red River, 11 miles north from Winnipeg; has a store, public school, church, and post office, mail tri- weekly. ' • Parrt. — Township 2, Range 1, cast. A partially settled township which originally formed part of the Manitoba Colnnization Society's Reserve, but was abandoned. Pkmiiina CROflsiso. — A risinjy villago 75 , miles west from Emerson, beautifully situated oil Pembina River at the crossing of the p^aiu trail to Turtle Mountain and the Souris wh^re tiiQ Government have built a fine bridge. It has. 4 ^aw mill with an abundant suppljr ot logs on the many lakes >a its vicinity, date to liccoino Townsliips ;< ? from Winni- 1. Is theleud- Ua and is Hur- iiirl best aettlcii iVest. It has:'. ;s, ft grist mill • mill, shingie 3, 6 storea, n, ewspaper, tlx' ;istry office for office with hi- loiupleti'd, two :ion. The pro- ee (loctorii, one :lergymen. lis ady, and as ii point on thi- 1 develop into n :>ina Branch of innipeg, is ernp- innonite Settlt- 3erve, adjoining: thriving acttlc- 'oint du Ch(5n(- grain elevator; ushcls : a daily -Tills parish is T between lli'' 1 St. Anne do 1860. It has a schools, and c is Loretto. Range 7, west ; age la Prairie ; hotel, f^enerai nnge 4, west, plnr Point; w^as bv the German ling to send in opened for set- lidly. There is llnge in section settled parish ot River, 11 mirci» store, public ffice, mail Iri- go 1, east. A hich originally a Colonization andoned. ing village 75 itil'uUy situated ing of the ni,aiii he Souris wh^re fine bridge. It dant suppljr. of its vicinity, FOR MANITOBA ANli THE NORTH-WEKT. severnl business stands, a splendid farming country about it, and every prospect of early r^road communication. Hail, weekly. Ja). F. Ruttan & Go , of Winnipeg, are the agents ior this town site. PeMoiKs, P.O. — An old settlement on Red River, 8 miles north from Sellcirk; it has a 'hurch, school and store. Mail service twice tk week. PiOEOx Lakh. — 26 miles from Winnipeg on the old stage road to Portage la Prairie, has tlie large and commodious hotel kept by the Caiaous liost of the old time Charlie House, a tore and post othce. Pilot Mou!»n. — Section 20, Township 3, Range 1 1, west, 100 miles west from Kinerson oa the proposed route of the South-Western Hallway; is the county town of the electoral division of Mountain, in one of the best set- !led districts in tiie Province. It has 16 busi- ii«ss stands, including the publishing oHite of i!. '. Filot y^tvi, a saw, shingle and chopping I :ill, agricultural warehouses, gristmill, &c., also a school, council chamber aud church. Trails branch off to Calf .Mountain, Truth Mountain, Pembina Crossing, Pelican Lake and ilillford. Mail semi-weekly by sta^e iiom Emerson. The town site ha^ latoly liwn put on the market with great success owing to its prospects of early railroad coa- iieotiou. PLrMB CoiTLEB. — A French settlement of fiO inliabitints, 7 miles south from Morris. !Ias a large Roman Catholic church, school and a post office. I'l.YiiTON. — Township 10, Range 5, east. I'opulatiin about 200. Is south of .Suiinyside iiad north-east of Prairie Grove, which is the nearest post office. Point dk Ciiknb. — A village in the parish of Ste. Anne des Chencs, is triite a thrivi.ig ]ilace, having a Roman Catholic church, two common schools; a pojt oSice, hotel aud two grist mills. Poke '.oy.— Township 5, Range 4, west. A fine township in which 0.000 acres are under lultivation. Pomeroy Village on Tobacco Creek in section 18 has a population of 3), with a stone church and post office. Popi.AR IIkioiits.— Section 28, Township 13, Range 3, west, 40 miles west from Winni- peg 01 the line of C.P.R., with daily mail I oinmunication. Is the distributing point for si'ttlenu'iits on the soutli-western shore of Lake Manitoba. There are two general stores, two blacksmith 8hoj)3 and fair prospect of' giist mill this fall. Population 230. PoPLAU Point, — On the Assinlboine River at the junction of Postage and Luke Manitoba roads, 45 miles from Winnipeg; has 6 busi- ness stands, 2 schools, 3 churches uud a population of about 400. PosTWALi,.— A Mennonite village in section 9, Township 7, Range 4, ea^t. PuAiuiE Gkovk. — Townships 9 and 10, Range 4, east, 10 miles east of Winnipeg on the road to Lake of the Woods. There are but 10 families in the settlement, the balance of the township being in speculators' hands. Prbstox.— Township 3, Range 12. In Rook Lake district, very well settled. A village springing upon section 13, on Troublesome Creek, has now 3 stores, a population of 25, with prospect of rapid increase ; mail weekly. Prixcb Albert. — A very large settlement near the junction of the nortn and south branches ot the Saskatchewan River, has several flourishing stores, saw and grist inill, churches, schools and post office. Being in the centre of a magnificent tract of farm- ing country, well wooded aud watered, and an objective point on the Westhourne and North-W^cstern Railway, it promises to be a leading point in the Nortli-West. Rai'ii) City.— On the Little Saskatchewan River, is tlie centre of a large and thicklv settled district It has early prospect of raif- way communication, being the starting point of the proposed Souris River and Roekr Slouutain Railway, lor which a charter has been granted; has a population of about 400 which it would maintain, even independently of railway connection; has a grist and two saw mills, a newspaper, several large stores, hotels, &c. There are excellent water-powers on the river, and all luinljer needed can be floated down from Riding Mountains. Rat Portage — Is in Kcewatin, and is the present terminus of the C. P. R. cast, and i> situated on the Lake of the Woods, distance from Winnipeg 140 miles. There is a large business done here, being the headquarteii of the contractors of section B of the C. P. R., and the distributing point for supplies to con- tractors, lumber merchants and o*''ers. It promises to be a considerable town, having already a number of stores, hotels, mills, etc. Gold has been discovered on several of the islands in the Lake of the Woods, and large mining oijcrations will be carried on next year. Messrs. Macdonald, Maiming, McLaren '&■ Co., C. P. R. contractors, are paying liberal wages to their workmen, having over l,.5')i) on the works, and those coming into the cointiy who seek employment will find good wages, comfortable camps, good fare, etc., and will obtain on application reduced rail- way fares from Wiuuipeg to Rat Portage. Rkinkelt — A Mennonite village in section 13, Township 0, Range 5, ^,■cst; has a large grist mill, a Lutheran iliurch. RiDOKWAY. — Township 15. Ra'ige 1, oas!. Population about H"); 15 miles from railway Blalion at Stonewall. RivifeiiB Salm;.— Township 8, Ranges 1, cast and west, is the third township south ot H>;adinglv, only partly settled; population about I'oo', mooliy French; nearest post office Ile.idingly. RiviKUB Au Gratias— A thriving settle- ment on Red River, above the ])arish of St Agathe, of whi(di .Munis ia '.he town til 38 BIACDOUQALL'S ILLUSTBATED QUIUB. n^ ^ RivitnE Aux fllARAis." Township 2, Ranpe 11, oast, is a smalt township included in •the Manitoba Colonization Society's Reserve, jind is all taken up by returned French Canadians from the United States. RocKWooD. — Township 13, Range 2, cast ; pituRted 12 niiJes north of Winnipeg, is one of the most flourishing townships in the I'rovinco, having a population of about 500, flnd being well supplied with churches, i^choola, hotels, stores, etc. Stony Mountain And the Provincial Tcniientiary are in this Township. RosBNFELD. — A Mennonits village in sec- tion 20, Township 6, Range 5, east. RosENOAiT. — A Mennonitc villaje in sec- tion 13, Township 6, Range 6, east. RosENHOF. — A Mennonite village in llio Scratching River settlement, 4 nliles from J^lorris. RosENORT. — A Mennonite village in the ■Stratching River settlement, 6 miles from Alorris. Has a flour mill. RcsKNTHAL. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 12, Township 7, Range, 5, cast. Rlttakville— Township 2, Range 9. A vfry well settled highly cultivated township ill Louise Mtinicipality, 95 miles west from Kmorson. Has a store, stopping-place, and post ofhce, ou section 30, where nho a church, s'.'hool house and grist mill are lo be erected tills season. S/»i,TEiiviM.E.— Township 6, Range 4. west; Tcnibina Mountain district. Wry thickly ■ii'ttk'd there being no land not taken up. The \ illugc of Salterville is on section 22 on Boyne Kiver and the old Mis ouri trail, 58 ni'iles from Winnipeg. Saw and grist mill about being Hructed. School and post oflice now tstablishod. Weekly mail from f^merson. SntoxAN — A Mennonite village in section li). Township G, Range 5, east. Scno.NBsnc. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 1, Township G, Range 5, cast. SciioNFELD. — A Mennonite village in sec- tion 23, Township 6, Range 5, east. Scuo.vpER — A Mennonite tillage in stclion 31, Township 5, Range 5, last. ScHoxTHAi. —A Mennonite villnjri.' ia sci- lion 21, Township 7, lianTC .'i, ea erected a iiiic'.ion vilh ship; pcpulrt' CO, blore, etc. R., 20 niilos ['cious town, tDwngliips ol' FOR MANITOBA AND THE N0ETH-AVE8T. 30 Orassmore, Rock wood, Victoria, Brant, Ar- gyle, Dundas, Greenwood and Ridgeway, in which about 30,000 acres are now under crop. It has several large stores, a town hall, grist mill, masonic hall, a large stone school house, two churches, and an I'^piscopal church is being erected of stone, a very fine terrace and inany first class residences Stonewall is the bight'st point in Eastern Manitoba, and with its good drainage, its splendid water and natural hoauty is becoming a summer resort lor Winnipeg familie.-.. The entire township is underlaid with limestone rock the surface of which is about 8 feet from the surface, and being polished by the movement of glaciers in tlieir •' period " makes a tioor for cellars iinsnrpas.^ed in the world. The rock, which is the best yet found in the Province, is now being quarrned by Messrs. Bowles & Williams and large quantities are being shipped to their various works, and the city of Winnipeg, to which large quantities of lime are also furnished. St. Aoatiib —A village in the jiarish of the same name ; has a Roman (Jatholic ciiurch and school house, and po.st office with daily mail. St. AciATHR.— The first and largest of the i-iver ])!iri«hes, contains the town of Emer- lion, villages of Si Agalhe, WestLynne, Ac, and has a i)oputalion of over 2,000. St. Albkrt, N.-W. T.— A Roman Catholic mission station on the high road, nine miles we^tof Edmonton, N.-W. T., and 800 miles t'i'om Winnipeg. It has a jiopulation of over 700, nearly all French and Half-breeds. The land in the vicinity is excellent, and over ■_'."i.000 bu.^hels of wheat were threshed out this year. TIutc is a handsome church; a fine palace lor Bishop' (irandin; a i)ublic school; a convent in charge of the Grey Nuns, and a grist and saw mill. St. Albert boasts a bridge over the Sturgeon River, which is claimed as one of the best constructed in the North-We.*t. .St. Andrew's i)arish, IC miles north of Winnipeg on the Red River, is one of the early Scotch settlements, and has a popula- tion of about Ij.OOO. It is well supplied with stores, shop.'^, mills, hotels, &c. , and i>J ilie .seat of the Registry Office and County (Joiirt of the County of Lisgar. There are four post ofTices in the parish. St. Anne pes Ctikkks —A parish on the Kiver Seine, was founded in I8ti2, by l!ev. I'atlier Letioch. O. M. 1., and has a pupulii- tion of about 500. St. Boniface —,V large and flouri.-»lilng town at the confluence of tiie lied and Assi- iiiboiue rivers, opposite the city of W'iuniiieg, has a population of about one thousand, and is I'apidly growing in importance. The piirisli was founiled in 1818 b^- the Rev. J. N. I'rovencher, who was sent from Quebec, at the request of the Karl of Selkirk, to establish H mission at Red River. The first chapel was liiiilt in 1819, and a large stone cathedral in 1833. This was destroyed by fire in I860, and the present edifice erected in 18G2 by His Grace Archbishop Tacho. St. Boniface is the Metropolitan See of the Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of St. Honiface, and has a college, a ladies' boarding school, a large hospital and an orphan asylum, the three last being under the Sisters of 'Charity. Th»' town is well laid out with straight, wide streets, and contains some handsome build- ings, several mills, good hotels, stores, &<• St. Boniface boasts the first organ that was ever used in the North-West, a fine instru- nient, having been presented to the Cathedral in 1875. Jje Manitoba, the organ of the French popuUiion in Manitoba, is printed here. St. Chaules.— a parish on the Assini- boine, nine miles from AVinnipeg, was founded in 1854 by Rev. Father Lafl6che, now Bishop of Three Rivers ; has a popula- tion of about 600; a Roman Catholic church, schools, stores and a post office. St. Clements. ~A parish 22 miles from Winnipeg, is one of tlie early Scotch settle- ments, and has a population of about 1,000; it is well supplied with churches, school, stores, mills, post office. St. Fran(;ois-Xavier. — A pari.sh on the Assiniboine, about 25 rai'es from Winnipeg, containing a population of about 2,000. The parish was established in 1824 by Her. Father Boucher, and has a fine Catholic church, several good schools, and a convent ot St. Frans'ois-Xavier. There are a number of hotels and Rtores, and two post offices, one in the western portion of the parish known as Pigeon Lake, the other in the east known as St. Fran(;ois-Xavier. This place is commonly called " White Horse Plain," and is the seal of the county court for Marquette East. St. Gkosoe (Oak Point). — A parish in the township of Belcourt, Electoral Division No. 1, about 00 miles from Winnipeg. Population about 100. Has a general store and i)osl olficc, named Oak Point. St. Jajies' parish on the Assiniboine, .'*. miles from Winnipeg, is one of the finest localities in the Province, and several Winni- ]icg merchants have fine residences here; population about 700. The parish was estab- lished in 18.")7 by the Rev. W . I;. Taylor, and lias a tine Protestant church, a school, post office, and several stores, a grist and saw mill and a brewery. St. .Iean-Haptistk. — An extensive settle- ment on Red River, has a Roman Catholic eluirch and post olfice. St. John's parish is situated on the north liniils of tho city of Winnipeg, and was eslabli.shed in 1820 by Rev. J. West, chaplain to the Hudson's Hay Company, who caused a school house to be erected there, and com- menced educating a few children, tho build- ing being also used as a church. Tho school lias gradually giown into St. John's college, with St. John's collete school and St. John's college ladies' school in c .inection with it !i 4U MACDOUQALL'S ILLUSTRATED GUIDE, The college school has accoraraodation tor sixty, the ladies' scht d1 for thirty pupils. The Kt. John's cathedral is fine stonelbuilding aud is the Sec of the Bishop of Rupert's Land. St. Lauubxt. — A small parish in Electoral DiTisian No. 1, situate in himonet Township on Lake Manitoba, about 50 miles from Win- nipeg, was estiiblished by Rev. Father Gas- ron, 0. M. L, in 1858. Population about 400. It has a lar(ru Roman Catholic church, a jrood general p 'st office and a school. St. LtoJi.— Townsliip 4, Range 9, west, Pembina Mountain district, about 38 miles west from Nelsonville. Post office, church and two schools on Ecction 35, also 16 busi- ness stands with pro3[)ect of grist mill with .'•t run of stones and saw mill ; mail weekly. Thickly settled district. St. NoiiUKUT. — Parish oi^tablishud in 1856 by Rer. Fathei Lestan^, O. M. L. ; has two lionian Catholic churclu:;', a girls' school, under direction of the Sistoic of Charity, and several common schooU. St. Norbkrt Village, at the month of Uiver Sallv'^, on the wost side of Ut;il River, is the seat of the County Court and llugistry Office for the County of Provencher, an(i quite a thriving place, havintr a atciini, grist and saw mill, shops, post office, Ac. St. Paul's parish, on the Red fliver, north of Kildonan, was settled about the sunie time iis the latter by the Earl of Selkirk Colonists; it has now a population of about 600, several t,'ood stores, a post office at Middlechurch. and II Protestant church. Distance from Wiaui- veg, 8 miles St. Pjei.-.-.s. — Townships 5 and 6, Range 4, (list, a large settlement on Rat River. St. Vioai, —Parish on the Red River, south of St. honiface, was established in 18G0. Has a Roman Catholic church find a school, under the direction of the Sisters of Charity, lias a post olhce and a po[iulation of about :iOO Spnnyside.— Township 11, Range 5, east, a flourishing township, with abont 500 popula- tion. Was erect'.d, with Spiingiicld, the municipality of the united township of ."^piingtield and Sunnyside, in 1873, this being til-! first municipal organization in the Pro- vince. Springfield is the nearest post office. Takneal'. — A Mcnnonito village in section ■), Township 7, Range 5, east. ToTor.AN.— Township 14, Range 9, we.es, two hotels and many stores couslitutea a very line town on iliia beautiful site. AV'riiTB Ilou.si PiAiNS.— See St. I'raui.oi^- Xavier. WiiiTi.Morrii.— A station on the C. P. U., G4 miles east from Winnipeg at the crossiii;; of the Whitemouth River in a district well wooded with spruce and tamarac, it has 2 hotels, 2 stores, telegragh and i)ost olhte, a resident population of 20, and a large fluctu- ating population. WiiiTKWoLD.— Township 1", Range -1, east, a new settlement being rajiidly filled up. WooDSiDE — Township 1-1 Range T\ wesl, situated at the second crossing of '.lie White Mnd River; population about IDo; jiost office, with semi-weekly mail. WooDLANiis.— Town.-hip U, Range 2, west, a fine township, well settled; poiiiilation about 400: his a post otlivc and general store. nge 2, east, is las now about oiise and post )B the C.P.R., letliodist mis- oiit 8'iO mill's population of church and » •y fertile, and id water. lange 4. wc3t. on the Morri3 tore and poet lange 0, west. Squirrel Creek to Gladsitonc, well .settl'Hl md water, had 13, Uancre 9, on the While of about 300 ; uksinith shop Uation of the B Westbourne i;hurcli and a side of lied which it is .viis formerly till the coin- ion wi^h the itonis lor the iip])int point Irict, it lui:? ct in Mani- n very much on's Buy Co., Willi SI. vera I Is luic] m.'iny )\\n oil (Ilia >t. I'rair.ois- in C. P. 11., the crossin;r iistrict well ic, it 1ms J )03t (iflice, a large lluclu- mse ■), east, illcd up. ^c \'\ west, :he White i \M£i oflice, Mgn 2, west, poiiulation lul general FOB M.^NITOnA AND TDK NOUTH-WEST. 41 ARRIVED IN THE WEST. A t'liapter of Actual Exp<>rlen<>e in Profipcftlni; lor, and LoeatinK I.hikI.— Wlint Ih Done and How It in Done. — Tlilnj(H tiiat mast he Learned by Every Traveller <'roJMinff the Prairle$i. — ExtraetH from Oflicinl PubiicationN and the Recapltalatlon of Practionl Polntw not to be EoHt Might of. — Ban^eM, Townships, NectlonH, Quarter Nections, ]Ioinf>« ■teads. — Pre tlouH.— At the Eund Office.— The Firttt Break. — The New Home. UULE3 AND RE'J ILLATIONS TO BK CAREFULLY OBSERVED. While the reader has had jilai-od before him in the previous pages of this work, a large iniscellnny of pructioal iuforniation, together with railway and Governinent land regula- tions, from which he has formed a clear idea of wliat is demanded of the settler, it is important to desc^ribe to new-comers what must be done alter arrival in the country and during progress to a proposed looiUion. A great deal of the infbrination in this chapter is taken from the " >Surveyor's JIanual," an ollicial publication, but it is t!ie purjiose of the writer to advise and instruct the new settler from actual e.x|ieri'.-nc,e, and the truth of the dilferent stutoments will bo verihed by his own experiences stioiild ho journey to the interior of the great West. having been carried ra])idlv, comfortably and safely over tv i or three thousand miles of railroad, .it every stage of whicli long journey the traveller's enthusiasm is increased, and his expectations are brightened by the evidences on all sides of wealth and prosperity, when he knows that further on i[i the great undeveloped West, there is still a grander country, where virgin prairies are open to his choice, he is safely landed then atone of the crowded hotels (if the wodderfiil city of Winnipeg. The lirst thing to do of cour-e is to visit the Government Land Office, where maps and general information may be obtained. After having formed an idea as to the particular section of country ,ie intends to locate his new home, it will be well to visit the Canadiaii I'acilic Railway and Hudson's Bay Company lond offices, wlicre valuable information will he given the settler. Those who stop o:f at Emerson, or go through to I'ortage la Prairu-, ilrandon, and other ])oint3, will ha'O to visit the nearest land oiiice, which will be found marked on the general map. The next (piestion is what kind of information is it necessary for the ]irospector to obtain in advance ot iv personal inspection of the laid. "laving studied the map, and obtained a jjeacral idea of how closely the section ot country 1 e intends visiting is se'ttled, he can learn trora the otiicers in charge, what homesteads and pre-emptions are still open for oettlement. lie may then purchase townsh p maps, on a scale ot two inches to the n-';le, which show clearly the character of the connrtry, whether prairie, timber, bay land, swamp, etc. The hold notes of the surveyor may also bo examined. In case the location selected is open |)rairie, it will be necessary to learn how near wood lots can be obtained, also, whether there is fresh water stream; or jio'ids throughout tl'.e townshiv. 42 MACUOUQALL'S IlitUSTRATKU OUIUK, SYSTEM or SURVBT. The gystem of survej in force in the Dominion lands in the N'orth-West is vcrr simple «nd easily understood, even bj one entirely inexperienced. The lands are laid olf in Townships, which are almost square in form, measuring on their cast and west sides, from wHtre to centre of road allowances, which form their boundaries, exactly 483 chains, an<^ on tiorth and south sides, 486 chains, more or less according to slight convergence or divergence of meridians. These townships are numbered in regular order northward, from the 49il) jiarallel of north latitude, which forms the iNTKRNAXio.fAi, Boundary Li.vk, between the u'rritories of Canada and those of the United States, and they lie in ranges which an- tiumbercd in regular succession westward of standard north and south lines culled " principi'l :iicridians," to be found marked on ofHciAl maps. Each township is sub-diviJeil into ihirtv- y .eferring to page 15 of this work, will find a list of articles with prii-es, Mhich are actually necessary for the farmer who is taking a location; but ot course thoirt with meiins, will buy more plant for the purpose of breaking up a greater quantity of land. Tliose wlio intend going West, however, to prospect for land in advance of actual settlement, will need only a camping outfit. These preparations may be made as economically or <'.vlrava^'antly as taste and means suggest. A poor man, or a party of two or thre.», can f<»t along very well with a native pony and cart, n small tent, cooking utensils, st pail, axe and auger, but a jiair of ponies and fight buckboard (a four-wheel affair made very light and capable of carrying u considerable load) much used throughout the country and in general use among surveyors, engineers, prospectors and travellers generally, is the'mostcomfbrtabU mode of travel. Canvas beds and chairs, folding into a very small spnce, may be purchased, Hud small stores with complete " kit " of cooking utensils, all fitting into cacli oUier in small fpace, are convenient, although the camp lire is still the popular way of cooking in th« North-West. A prospector should, however, carry just as little baggage as possible, and only such articles as are positively necessary and of every-day u-e. Besides blankets, two rubber sheets should be included for camping out. A small coal oil stove is often found very ( onvenient, cspeciallj- where the traveller is camping on open prairie, some distance from wood. Horses should be hobbled at night, especially in fly time, but in case of losing horses. it should be remembered that cattle and horses invariably graze to windward, rrospectoii '^liould be very particular to extingiish camp fires, or a destructive prairie fire may sweep ever many miles of country. In case, howevt-r, that a parly is in danger of being overtaken I'y a lire. h frequently travels very rapidly, the danger may be avoided by setting fire to il^e pra' .. lo leeward, tlie party following with their outfit on to the gm.ind so burnt. Hesides maps, the prospector should ue sujjpliod with a corai)a33, and a field glass would b.; found of frequent service and convenience. Further on in this work will be found h 'omplete table of distance.^, which may be relied upon. In passing through sloughs and wel places, it is best to drive through clear water, where there is sure to be lielter bottom than in the gra.s3. Never let a man pass you on tiie prairie without getting information as to the condition of the roads, etc. Break up ciitnp early and travi-l late, talic a go )d rest in tin- middle of the dav. IK TUB FIKM). The cour.^e of lines surved in the North-Wcst is marked on the ground by the erection of ]maia or mounds, which guide the prospector and also serve as landmarks to establish boundaries of farms. These posts and mounds indicate corners of townshijjs, sections and 'luarter sections, and will be always found on the northeast corner. T'osts are tiiree incho.s wide and sliow two feet above ground. On the pr.virie the posts ind in the centre ot mounds. Iron posts are placed at township corners and the top figure inscribed upon them, indicates the number of the township which that side of the post faces, and the lower figures indicate the range. Quarter suction posts are simply marked ]-. With these points fully '.indcrstood, it is not difficult for the prospector, after selecting a location, to proceed to ih<: nearest land office and give an intelligent statement of where he desires to settle. It must i>e remembered that sections Nos. 8 and 20, and 11 and 29, are reserved for Hudson's IJay Company and for School Lands. FOR MANITOn.V AND THE NORTH-WEST. 43 verr Biin|)l« laid oir in sides, from kiD3, anil on r diverj^cdci! om tho 49ili between tiiu which Rti' i " principni iotu thirtv- witii piii'o.i, ;our9e thoin ity of land eeltleraeni, omicallj oi- e-", caa jet, lil. axo aac great force r( ;uired to break tho prairie in tlio first instance, t'lere nre many who preier oxen to horsoi; and there is also a liability of horses becoming sick in Miinilotia when fir.st taken there from the older parts of the continent, until they be<'onie accustomed to the new feed and the country, especially if they are worked hard. It is for this reason that oxen, which are not liable to the same casualties as horses, are better suited for breaking 'he prairie. A jiair of oxen will break an acre and a half a day, with very I'.ttle or no expense at all for feed, Mules have been found to do very well, and they are considered well adapted for prnirie work. Distances on the Map, in miles, may be ascertained api)roximatcly by counting the Townships to be passed over and inuUiplyiiig the, number by six." This'chajitcr of "Practical Points," is taken from an official publication is ue 1 by tho Department of Agriculture. 44 MACDOUOALI/S ILLUSTRATED GUIDE, UAILWAV AND STEAMBOAT CON.VRCTIONS BKTWKEN HALIFAX, QUEBEC, SARNIA, COLLINGWOOD AND TUE GREAT NORTH-WEST. ^ We have condensed from official tirae-tablcs of different railwaj and steamboat linca, between Halifax and Winnipeic, such information as will serve to assist the intending sottUi- in his calculations before starting on his journey. FnoM Halifax to Qukbkc;, is a distanck or 686 miles vid INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY; lO Montreal, it is 843 miles; to Toronto, 1,191 miles; to Detroit, 1,422 miles; to Chicago, 1,706 miles; to Emcrion, Manitoba, (Inter- national boundarv line), 2,.506 miles ; to Winnipeg, 2,569 miles. Leaving Halifax, Monday, at 2.45 P.M., you can arrive at Quebec at 3.40 P.M., on Tuesday; at Montreal, Wednesday, 6.00 A.M. : at Toronto 11.15 P.M. ; at Dutmit, Thuriday, ».35 A.M.; at Chicago, same day, 7.40 P.M.; at Emerion, Sunday, 4.45 P.M.; and tU Winnipeg, 8.05 P.M. Some through trains are being run in taster time, but the above figures may bo con- 8idered reliable. The diflerent routes by rail and boat, by which the traveller can reach the Canadiun Ntrth-West, are as follows :— Vii INTERCOLONIAL RAILROAD to Quebec, connecting with the GRAND TRUNK t« Chicago, with the CHICAGO AND NORTH-WESTERV to St. Paul, or, by the OniCAGO, MILWAUKEE AND ST. PAUL to St. Paul, (choice of routes), St. Paul to Emerson viA the ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS AND MANITOBA RAILWAY, and vi It rapidly. jr' iU»a ])ly luoe ot :;"0 FOR MAMTOnA AND THE NOllTU-WEST. DISTANCES FROM WINNIPEG. 45 nikwaoii UILM. ... 30 Rnnd.— Wlniili>e7 to North«*Tefit Ancle. Pointe-du-Cht!ne or Lorette J{rokenhea<1 River and Lake Wlnnlpeff. Winnipeg to Gimli, Icelandic 8cti lenient 5q By Ronil «li»wn West Bank R4l Klvor. Winnipeg to St. Korbert lo " Morris 2.'> " Scratching River 4'i " DulTerin 67 " West Lynne (opposite Emerson) G'J Kmemon to Nonrl* River hy the " Boundary Commission Trail," and to some intermediate pointri. Kraerson to Mountain City Hfi (Between these two points there are Mcnnonito villages every six or eight miles.) Mountain City to Calf Mountain !,■? (■alf Mountain to Little Pembina River 2 Little Pembina Ri\ti' to Stony Creek 2 Stony Creek to Pemliina Riv> r Crossing , 6 Pembina River Crossing to C ystal City 20 Crystal City to Cypress River 4 Cypress River to /{ndger Creek Ifi Hiwlger Creek to Pancake Lake 16 Pancake Lake o LaHiviiire's 14 ; [,aHivit're'8 to jinction with trail frcm Af>siniboine River 7 ■ LaRivii'ire's to the (iovcrnment Land Office 18 Land Office due west to tie Souris River 60 LaRivitl-re's due north to Lang's Valley 45 Lang's Valley to Millford 20 Millford to Grand Valley on Assiniboine River 30 Good feed and water all through this country; no stopping places, except LaRivi^re's west ofCiystul City, but good camping grounds. M Winnipeg' to Portnt^o In Prnirle. (By North Trail.) Winnipeg to Headingly Headingly to White Horse Plains Acrosd white Horse Plains to (Jrearsoua <,>rearson'a to Mission Trail ..,..,.,.„„, 12 20 4tt MACDOUaALL'8 IliLUHTRATED (lUIUE, Mission Trail to I-on^ Luke ^ lionff Luke to tlio PorUKe Koad or I'oplar Point 3 Poplttr Point to IliKh BlutF 1<> liitfh Bluft to PoiUigu 111 I'raiiio H Totfll miles 0^ (Hy Front Road or South Trail.) Winnipeg? to Ileadingly 13 llt'adingly to House's 1** HoiMo's to Johnson's "^ Johnson's to Poplar Point l.i Poplar Point to Portage la Prairie 20 Total miles Cf) The main road from Winnipeg to Headingly is generally in a bail rondition. especially in wet weather, but a great many bad placed can uc avoided hv taking what is called the North Trail, a half-milo above Sturgeon Creek, coming out in the \Vhito Horwe I'lains at the " Jew'i (Store; " then turn north and we«t crossing two l)ridges— a good road can be got to Grearson's with the exception of one sloujjh about sixteen milen from the main road. The road from (iTearson's to the Mission Trail is good and dry, and the road from the Mission Trail to Long I^ake is generally good— here the two trails intersect, north and south trails — the north is considered the best, especially in a wet season. Good feed for cattle can alwnys be bought on both roads, and there are good stopping nlaces with good stabling. Leaving Winnii)eg m the morning and going by the main roacl House's place can be reached at night; but by the North Trail, if a full day's travel is done, one must camp on White Horse Plains, and woo Pangman's to McKinnon's (near Provincial boundary line) • 0> Mclvinnon's to Pine Creek 15 Pine Creek to Big Plain C Total miles 50 (Near here, in the_Sand Mills, a new trail branches ott to the Souris River, but not much used.) Good feed and fioo(\ stopping places can always bo reached by this road and plenty of pood water can be obtained, but the road is in a very bad condition, being a continuation of sloughs through a low swampy country— .in fact between the Portage and McKinnon's there Ai« fifty miles of the worst travel in the country. Immigrants should, if possible, go in parties of eight or ten, so as to assist each other in bad places by diubling up their teams. After passing McKinnon's, however, a beautiful prairie country is reached, and for days, though an occasional wet place will b4lo.4a and to Fort Elllce. Big Plain to Boggjr Creek 8 Boggy Creek to Finger Ikiard 9 Finger Board to Rapid City 20 " Minnedosa •. 20 " Hare's Crossing 18 •Rapid City to Shoal Lake 40 Minuedosa' " 38 Hare 3 Crossing " ,....^.... 37 Fhoal Lake to Birtle ^ 25 • From Rapid City to Grand Valley and Brandon, where the Little Saskatchewan empties into the vssioiboine River, ii is a distance of eighteen miles, where there ia a ferry across the An« road from rail to Lonff ihe north in c bought on niiMSg in the but by tho and wood North Trail " tho ferry >o a trail to y 14 <; <; 15 G 50 it not much 1 plenty of innation of Qon's there iblo, go in tieir teams. 1 for days, one of real I presented 8 20 , 20 18 40 38 37 25 an empties rry across KOR MVNITOn.V AND TOI! NORTH-WEST. 47 Hirtic lo Fort KUicc „ ... Total distance about one hundred miles from Big I'lain to Fort Ellico. Rapid City, Minnedosa and Hare's Crossinff arc on tho Little aaskatcliowan River. I'ron. the Hnner Hoard the trails branch off-one to Rapid City and tho othi-r to Minnedo.sa, an. I when about two vo miles from Minnedosa a trail branches olf to Hare's CiossiuK. I.eaviuu' Kapid CUT tor the West it is torty miles to Hhoal Lake by tho main trail, but » distanco or twelve miles can bo saved by taking tho G. P. R. survey trail four miles from Rapid City and joining the mam trail again about a mile from Shoal Lake. At tho Piiiffcr Hoard, the trails (rom Minnedosa and Hare's Crossing join tho main trail, miles from Shoal Lake. Tho di-i- i^roin a troiii — _ _ _..„... *.. ™.... ,,,„,,„ o, in-„r iiju nuiiiuiary liiii. betwwn Manitoba and tho North- West, you must buy "your last flask of the beverage that che«r8." After leaving Shoal Lake at " Threo-niilo Creek," another "C. P. R. survey trail can be taken which is nine miles shorter and is a good road to Hirtlo. From Portage 1» Prnlrlo to !Hlniir«loNa, N.*W. T. (Via North Trail.) milks Portage la Prairie to Westbournc 2n Westbourne to Gladstone !!.!!!...!!'.'.!! 22 (Sladstone to M Cenzies or Beautiful Plain ' " i.> Heautiful Plaii to Miller's .'.'....".".'.".'.'.'! 8 Miller's to Minnedosa 28 Total ~ PortAffo In Pralrlft to NilirorU. Portage la Prairie, by Yellow Quill Trail, to Hamilton's Cro.ssing on the .\sjinihoini> River 2'J Hamilton's Crossing to Smart's 2:; Smart's to McLeod' 8, beyond crossing of the Cypres.? River 2*. MoLeod's to Millford 20 Tho trail is very indistinctly marked between latter points Fort Elllce to Fort Cnrlton wnd I>riiii-e Alb4>i-(. (Saskatchewan Trail.) Fort Ellice to South Bank of the Qu'Appello River 2 Sonlh Hank Qu'Appello River to Qu'Appello River U Qu'Appelle River to Top of North liank 3' Top of North Bank to Spring (good water) ;U Spring to Second Spring (good water t l" Second Spring to beginning Sandy Hill 7 Sandy Hill to Wolverine Creek 2* Wolrerine Creek to Green Lake 4$ Green Lake to Big Cut Arm Creek 9 Hig Cut Arm Creek to 102nd Meridian , 7^ !02nd Meridian to Branch Pheasant Creek 2i Branch Pheasant Creek to Pheasant (Jreek ,,... \ Pheasant Creek to Fort Polly and Qu'Appello Trail 31 Fort Pelly Trail to Summit File Hill 2'.> File Hill to Touchwood Hills Post 2,". Touthwood Hills Post to Summit of Big Touchwood li! Summit ot Big Touchwood to Police Camp 2.1 Police Camp to edge Big Salt Plain n\ Big Salt Plain to Alkaline Creek U" (Water one mile from beginning Big Salt Plain, also at eight miles.) Alkaline Creek to Two Hills Lake 15 Two Hills Lake to Beginning of Woods ^> He|anning of Woods to End of Woods 4 Kndof Woods to End Second Plain 15 Bna Second Plain to Forks of Trail 6 Forks of Trail to Telegraph Lino i:t (Water at fire anl eight miles from Forks of Trail; no wood.) Telegraph Lino to Great Salt Lake .., i(i (At three miles from Telegraph Lino water but no wood, and at eight mile.«, water and wood.) I 48 maodouoall's illustrated guide, (Jreat Salt Lake to Top of Sonth Saskatchewan Valley 8J Top of South Saskatchewan Valley to South Saskatchewan River 3 (Three miles east of the River there is wood and water.) From South Saskatchewan River to FortCarlton 20 " " Prince Albert Settlement 36 Fort Carlton to Prince Albert Settlement 60 Total milcB 383 Fort Carlton to Battlcford 110 battleford to Edmonton 300 :o: MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND DISTANCES IN THE NORTH-WEST. From Fort Elllcc Wost and SontlfW«At. Fort Ellico to Cypress (Bj Old Wives' Laktt, North Trail.) (NoTB.— Garry wood for three or four days from fourteen miles west of Qu'Ap pelle ; bad water.) <.'y press to Fort McLeod (Three diflerent trails; enquire at Cypress.) (^uAppelle to Wood Mountain (Scarcity of wood and water — sixty miles across a plain.) Wood Mountain to Cypress (Wood or buftalo chips and water procurable.) Toncliwood HIIIh to Iliimboldt. Touchwood Hills Post to edge of plain. a ti It II 11 i( II II I^iike on plain Lake between two hilU Western edge of Alkali I'lain. Pyramid Hill Humboldt Telegraph (Mlicc ... nnmboldt to <'nrItoii. (Via Gabriel's Crossing ) Humboldt to crossing ofTelegra h line " Lak! in the Hills. ...■■. " Vermillion Lake (salt) " Gabriel's Crossing, south branch " Stobart A Edens Post, Duck Lake " Fort Carlton II II (Via Batoche's Crossing.) Humboldt to Kcespitanow Hill Ravine and Lake New trail to Prince Albert turns off and Lh Corne and Carlton trail comes in " Trail to Qariepy's Crossing turns off " Batoche's Ferrv " Stobart k Edeii's Post, Duck Lake " FortCarlton Fort Carlton to Battlcford. Fort Carlton to where the trail from Gabriel's Crossing to Batlleford joins , " camping ground at Elbow " where trail to plains turua off , '- Sugar Bush Creek " Running Creek , •' Eagle HiH Creek " Small Creek— plain trail to Dnttld'ord turns off liiLKa. 150 200 180 180 23.9 27.0 50.0 65.4 68.7 81. :j 13.3 20.8 27.7 56. C 68.!) 82. (> 8.15 31.8 41.8 SO. 8 8a.3 19;8 43.7 R:J ad. I 60.3 Fort Carlto ti Fort Carlto I P 3. Th Company 4. Ti payable t a E ( 6 Tl time of s a. E b. B 6. P 9th Octo of land i iug so to were ou .. 47.6 .. 62.7 . 656 . 60.4 . 66.1 . 67 6 . 87.3 0.5 1.6 . 17.8 . 32.2 . 55 6 . 55.2 . 69.4 , 130.0 3.r. 19.9 51.5 19.4 21.8 22.3 29 3 32.2 49.0 220 337 338 372 452 3fi5 f.28 721 7(19 831) 888 7.58 850 2.r. 28 5 51 66 76 94 94 102 63.0 93.0 100.5 116.S 120.0 126.0 166.0 168.0 187.S 194.0 DOMINION LANDS REGULATIONS. The followint; Regulations for the sale and settlement of Dominion Lands in the Province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories shall, on and after the first dar of Januarr, 1882, be substituted for the Regulations now in force, bearing date the twenty-nfth day of May last : — 1. The surveyed lands in Manitoba and the North-West Territories shall, for the purposes of these Regulations, be classitied as follows: Class A.— Lands within twenty-four miles of the main line or any branch line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, on cither sid^ thereof. Class B.— Lands within twelve miles, on either side, of any niojected line of railway (other than the Canadian Pacific Railway), approved by Order in Council publislied in the Canada QazHte. Class C— Lands south of the main line of the Canadian PaciBc Railway not included in Class A or B. Class D.— Lands other than those in Classes A, B, and C. 2. The even-numbered sections in all the foregoing classes are to be held exclusively for homesteads and pre-emptions : n. E.Ycept in Class D, where thoy may be affected by colonization agreements as herein- after provided. b. E.tcepl where it may be necessary out of them to provide wood lots for settlers. c. E.xcept in cases where the Minister of the Interior, under provisions of the Dominion Lands Acts, may deem it expedient to withdraw certain lands, and sell them at public auction ur otherwise (leal with them as the Qovernor-in-Council may direct. 3. The odd-numbered sections in Class A are reserved for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. 4. The odd-numbered sections in Classes B and shall be for sale at $2.60 per acre, payable at the time of sale : a Except where they have been or may be dealt with otherwise by the Qovernor-in- Council. 5 The odd-numbered sections in Class D shall be for sale at $2 per acre, payable at time of sale : A. Except where they have been or may be dealt with otherwise by the Qovernor-ia- Counsil. b. Except lands affected by colonization agreements, as hereinafter provided. 6. Persons who, subsequent to survey, but before the issue of the Order-in-Coancil of 9th October, 1879, excluding odd-numbered sections from homestead entry, took possession of land in odd-numbered sections bv residing on and cultivating the same, shall, if contini»- lug so to occupy them, be permitted to obtain homestead and pre-emption entries as if they were on oven-uumbered sections. h^ I 52 DOMINION LANDS BIQULATIONS PRI-IMPTIONS. 7. The prices for pre-emption Iota ahall be as follows : For lands in Classes A, B, and 0, $2.60 per acre. For lands in Class D, $2.00 per acre. Payment shall be made in one sum at the end of three years from the date of entry, or at such earlier date as a settler may, under the provisions of the Dominion Lanos Acts, obtain a patent for the homestead to which such pre-emption lot belongs. can sect the OOLOMIBATION. Plan number Ont. 8. Agreements may be entered into with any company or person (hereinafter called the party) to colonize and settle tracts of land on the following conditions: a. The party applying must satisfy the Oovemment of its good faith and ability to fulfil the stipulations contained in tnese regulations. b. The tract of land granted to any party shall be in Class D. 9. The odd-numbered sections within such tract may be sold to the partr at $2 per acrei payable, one-fifth in cash at the time of entering into the contract, and the balance in four equal annual instalments from and after that time. The partv shall also pay to the Govern- ment five cents per acre for the survey of the land purchased by it, the same to be payable la four equal annual instalments at the same time as the instalments of the purchase money. Interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum shall be chaigea on all past due instalments. a. The party shall, within five yeai-s from the date of the contract, colonize its tract. b. Such colonization shall consist in placing two settlers on homesteads on each even- numbered section, and also two settlers on each odd-numbered section. e. The party may be secured tor advances made to settlers on homesteads according to the provisions of tlio 10th section of the Act 44 Victoria, Chap. 16. (The Act passed in 1881 to amend the Dominion Lands Acts.) d. The homesteads of 160 acres shall be the property of the settler, and he shall have the right to purchase the pre-emption lot belonging to his homestead at $2 per acre, payable in one sum at the end or three years from the date of entry, or at such earlier date as he may, under the provisions of the Dominion Lands Acts, obtain a patent for his homestead. o. When the settler on a homestead does not make entry for the pre-emption lot to which he has a right, the party may within three months after the settler's right has elapsed purchase the same at $2 per acre, payable in cash at the time of purchase. 10. In consideration of having colonized its tract of land in the manner set forth in sub-section b of the last preceding clause, the party shall be allowed a rebate of one-half of the original purchase money of the odd-numbered sections in its tract. a. During each of the five years covered by the contract an enumeration shall be made of the settlers placed by the party in its tract, in accordance with sub-section b of clause 9 of these regulations, and for each bona Hde settler so found therein a rebate of one hundred and^twenty dollars shall be credited to the party; but the sums so credited shall not, in the aggregate, at anv time exceed one hundred and twenty dollars for each honajiie settler found witnin the tract, in accordance with the said sub-section; at the time of the latest enumeration. b. On the expiration of the five years an enumeration shall be made of the bona Me settlers on the tract, and if they are found to be as many in number and placed in the manner stipulated for in suu-section b of clause 9 of these regulations, a further and final rebate of forty dollars per settler shall be credited to the parly, which sum, when added to those previously credited, will amount to oiie-h:ilt ol'the purchase money of the odd-numbered sections and reduce the price thereof to one dollar per acre. But if it should be found that the full number of settlers renuired by these regulations are not on the tract, or are not placed in conformity with sub-scctiuu b of clause 9 of these regulations, then, for each settlor fewer tiiari the re<)uired num- ber, or not placed in conformity with the said sub-section, the party shall forfeit one hundred and sixty dollars of rebate. c. If at any time during the existence of the contract the party shall have failed to per- form anv of the conditions thereof, the Governor-in-Oouncil may o.i'ieel the sale of the land purchased by it and deal with the party as may seem meet under tlie circumstances. rt. To be entitled to rebate the party shall furnish to the Minister of the Interior evidence that will satisfy him that the tract has been colonized and settled in accordance with sub-section b of clause 9 of these regulations. sec ori in tl S( it l( of entry, or at n Lands Acta, ter called the ■bility to fulfil $2 per acre> ance in four .0 the Qovern- bo payable rchaso money, c iustalmonta. its tract, on each even- according to he Act passed he shall hare it $2 per acre, at such earlier ibtaiu a patent >n lot to which 3r's riKht has f purchase. T set forth in of one-half of shall be made b-soction b of lerein a rebate t the sums so I and twenty with the said the bona fide and placed in ons, a further •'. which sum, tlie purchase ino dollar per ired by these li sub-scctiun eouired num- »ll foifeit one failed to per- il the sale of ei under the rior evidence II accordance DOMINION LANDS REGULATIONS. Plan Number Two. 63 11. To enconrage settlement by capitalists who may desire to cultivate larger farms than can be purchased where the regulations provide that two settlers shall be plaeecl on each section, agreemonts may be entered into with any company or person ^hereinatier called the party) to colonize and settle tracts of land on the following conditions : a. The party applying must satisfy the Qovernment of its good faith and ability to fulfil the stipulations contained in these regulations. b. The tract of land granted to any party shall be in Class D. e. All the land within the tract maj be sold to the party at two dollars per acre, payable in cash at the time of entering into the contract. The part^ shall, at the same time, pay to the Government five cents per acre for the survey ot the land purchased by it. d. The party shall, within five years from the date of the contract, colonize the township or townships ccMprised within its tract. e. Such colonization shall consist in placing one hundred and twenty-eight bona fide settlers within each township. 12. In consideration of having colonized its tract of land in the manner set forth in sub- section o of the last preceding clause, the party shall be allowed a rebate of one-half of the original purchase money of its tract. a. During each of the five years covered by the contract an enumeration shall be made of the settlers placed by the party in its tract, in accordance with sub-section e of clause 1 1 of those regulations, and for each bona fide settler so found therein a rebate of one hundred and twenty dollars shall be repaid to the party ; but the suma so repaid shall not, in the aggregate, at any time exceed one hundred and twenty dollars for each bona fide settlor found within the tract, in accordance with the said sub-section, at the time of the latest enumeration. b. On the expiration of the five years an enumeration shall be made of the bona fide settlers placed by the party m its tract, and if they are found to be as many in number and placed in the manner stipulated for in sub-section e of clause 11 of these regulations, a further and final rebate of forty dollars per settler shall be repaid, which sum, when added to those previously repaid to the party, will amount to one-half n of the purchase money of its tract and reduce the price thereof to one dollar per acre. But if it should bo found that the full number ot settlers required by these regulations are not on the tract, or are not placed in conformity with the said sub-section, then, for each settler fewer than the required number or not settled in conformity with the said sub-section, the party shall forfeit one hundred and sixty dollars of rebate. c. To be entitled to rebate, the party shall furnish to the Minister of the Interior evidence that will satisfy him that the tract has been colonized and settled In accordance with sub-section e of clause 11 of these regulations. 1 OFFICIAL NOTICR 13. The Government shp.ll give notice in the Canadt Gazette of all agreements entered into for the colonization and settlement of tracts of laud under the foregoing plans in order that the public may respect the rights of the purchasers. TIMBEa rOtt SKTTLBRS. 14. The Minister of the Interior may direct the resorvation of any odd or even-numbered section having timber upon it, to provide wood for homestead settlers on sections withou. it; and earh such settler may, where the opportunity fur so doing e.xists, purchase a wood lot, not exceeding 20 acres, at the price of ia per acre in cajli. 15. The Minister of the Interior may grant, under the provisions of the Dominion Land Act.", licenses to cut timber on lands within surveyed towrisiiips. The lands covered b such licenses arc tlioieby withdrawn from homestead and preemption entry and from sale. PA8TUUA08 L.\NU3. 16. Under the authority of the Act 44 Victoria, Chap. 16, leases of tracts tor grazing purposes may be grunted on the following conditions : a. SucI) leases to be for a period of not exceeding twenty-one years, and no slsglo lease ahull cover a greater area than 100;000 acres. 54 DOMINION LANDS RIOULATIONS. !»• In sarreyed territory, the land embraced hj the lease shall be described in townshipi and sections. In unsurveved territory, the party to whom a lease may be promised shall, before the issue of tne lease, cause a surrey of the tract to be made, at his own expense, by a Dominion Lands Surveyor, under instructions from the Surveyor- General ; and the plan and field notes of such survey shall bo deposited on record in the Department of tho Interior. c. The lessee shall pay an annual rental at the rate of $10 for every 1,000 acres embraced by his lease, and shall, within three years from the granting of the lease, place on tho tract one head of cattle for every ten acres of land embraced by the lease, and shall during its term maintain cattle thereon in at least that proportion. d. After placing the prescribed number of cattle upon the tract leaded, the lessee may purchase land within his leasehold for a home farm and corral, paying therefor $2.00 per acre in cash. e. Failure to fulfil any of the conditions of his lease shall subject the lessee to forfeiture thereof. Vi. When two or more parties apply for a grazing lease of the same land, tenders shall be invited, and the lease shall do granted to the party ottering the highest premium therefor in addition to tho rental. The said premium to bo paid before the issue of the lease. OB.NERAL PROTISIO.VS. 18. Payments for land may be in cash, scrip, or Police or Military Bounty WarraDts. 19. These regulations shall not apply to lands valuable for towc plots, or to coal or other mineral lands, or to stone or marble quarries, or to lands having water power thereon ; or to sections II and 29 in each Township, which are School Lands, or Sections 8 and 27, which belong to the Hudson's Bay Company. By order, LINDSAY RUSSELL, SurvtyoT'Oentral. D£rABTMKNT OF THB iNTBRIOn, Ottawa, 23rd December, 1881. smmnm, aoara at ooscr astt. i ESTABLISHED FOB THB Purcliaso and Sale of Lands In the Dominion, ospeclallr In Manitoba and the North* West Territories ; also for a General Commission Business with Canada. 2, ViCrOBM McSA'SlQJV'S, WHSTXI^STBQ &0i¥@OA; §, W* ZiBFBIlB^TOiga. Ibfl Hon Sir .innN Itns^ nart, Q.C.M.O., kc, fte., la <{ueou's U*te Loudon, w , Tbo Uoii. Sir A. T. OALT, O.C.H.O., IliRli Commluloner for Cansita, Ac, &c , 9 Viclorls Cbambvri, Weitmliuter London, S. W. 1ST March, 1882. Tho great, nttentlonwhlcn Cannda Is Rttractlng at the present tlmo,ari:l the large sums of money that hive been nin<>e by Inves'ment lu land In that country, especially In Manitoba nnd the North-West Territories, has ftuggested to us the expediency of providing faclhties In Qreat Britain for such transactions. We have, '.hercfore deddel to opsn a Branch Office In London, to act as agents for Indi- viduals or con^panles wishing to obtain tracts of land for colonization purposes, or for per- sons wliihlng t> purchase, or to dispose of Lands and improved fa'-ms In any of the Provinces or Territories rf the Dominion; to undertake investments in loans on real estate, and a general commlss'.on business in connection with Canada. We have ooen specially authorized by the Pepnrtments of the Interior andof Agrlcnlture of Panada, and by the Provincial (Jovernment of Ontnrlo, to distribute maps, pamphlets, nni all other matter published offlela'ly respectliiR th? lands at their disposal. We linve also been appointed Agents for the stle of the tand'i of the Trust and Loan Company of Canada. The principal mntnber of the firm, after having been actively engaged by the Canadian Government In public surveys and explorations for some twenty five years, was from 1871 to 1878 Surveyor Qon"ral of the iKimlntxn liAnds, and from the latter date until the end of December last hold th'> anpolntment of Pcputy Minister of the Interior, which office he then resigned owing to fulling hoaltli. Iniring hU long coMiertlon with the Uovernroent he was charged with the survey!! of the Public I^an'ts, and wl -i their admlnlEtratlon, and has there- fore a thorough and practical knowledge of the country, its resources and capabilities. The other members of the firm have resided In Manitoba for some years, and have obtained an Intimate personal knowledge of the lands in that Province nnd In the adjoining Terri- tories. These circumstances lead us to hope that our services mxy prove valuable to peraona in Qreat Britain desirous of making s jch investments as those alluded to. Correspondence on the 8ubJ.,-ct is solicited, and clronlara explaining the terms and oon- dltiona npon which transactions of the kind can be effected, will be forwanied on application, as well as any additional information that may bo required. DENNIS, SONS & CO. The offices of the Arm In the Dominion of Canada are as follows :— VAUflHAX, DENNIS & COMPANY, .... WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, CANADA, AND VAVGH4N, DENNIS A COMPANY TORONTO, ONTARIO, OANAD.« Main Street, Toronto Street, J From UVlRPOOL io QUEBEC, in Summer, and PORTLAND Maine, in Winter RUNniNO IN CONNECTION WITH THK QEAND TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA. Composed of the following, fall-powered, donble englned, Clyde Built Iron Steamships: VanroHTcr, 5,700 Tons. Sarnia, • 3,750 " Orogon . 8,750 " Brooklyn, 8,C00 " Toronto, - 3,300 Tons. Montreal, "8,300 " Ontario, - 3,'2O0 " Dominion, 8,200 '' Tcx.ns, • 2, 750 Tons. Qucber, • 2 700 •t lltsslssippl 2,700 tt Teatouia, 2,700 tt '&:^Sailmg from LIVERPOOL every THURSDA Y, cailing at BELFAST the following day to receive passengers. SALOON FAHF. £10 10s. ; Children under 12 years (accompanied by their parents,) Halt Fare ; Infants under 2 years, free. 20 cubic feet of luggage allowed each adult INTEBHEDIATE, £8 ; 5TEEBA0E, £6 6b. ; Children under 12 years, Half Fare : Infants under 1 vear, lis. 10 cubic feet of luggage allowed each adult GOVEBNMEKT ASSISTED PASSAGES are granted to Mechanics, Navvies, Agricultural and General Laborers and their families at £4; Children under 12 years, Half Fare: under 1 year, 10s. FEMALE DOMESTIC SERVANTS, £3. Applications for which are to be made upon the SPECIAL FORMS provided for the purpose. Each steamer catrios an experienced Surgeon, also Saloon; Intermediate and Steerage Stewardesses. V:sr FOR FASSA'^E : apply in LONDON to GRACIE ft HUNTER, 06 Leadenhall Street; in GLASGOW, ROBERT DUNCAN ft CO., 07 Union Street: in BELFAST, HENRT GOWAN, 29 Donegal Quay ; in QUEENSTOWN, JOHN DAWSON ft Co., and to the Agents in all the •irinci'^al towns and cities of Great Britain and the Continent . FLINN, MAIN & MONTGOMERY, DAVID TORRANCE A. Co., ■* Managing i)lreotor8, Calls *l From General Agents, Canada. % )AWK6 ;>TBIKT, lilVBUrOOV TTSs anil *- andMI •bA mad* AUGUIS The Gil nuronfh and OOUNi wATMiitfl R. R. Ci rrHEJ ieotgOr Bod Isleai aai Fac^llc' Calls the attention of parties emigrating to DAKOTA or MANITOBA to the tinrivalled D&ciUties which it offers by reason of its *' Albert Lea Rou'ie" From Chicago to Minneapolis and St Paul. TT is aajBdimtabl« flMt that tiiit Bout* trntnt the Finest BagSeu of ILLI90I8, IOWA * uid XniVXWyiA: tb«t Iti tnok U naooth, iU trslzu most eomfortable, iU eonaetloBi rar* •ad mad* ia Vaka Stpots, and that It earri«a all paMuigen, quickly, cheaply and eaftly. *U GLAME8 OP TIOIETS FM SALE AT OOOPON TICIH OFFICES IN CANADA AND UNinB STAHS. The Great Rook Island Route l* the aray one that carrli^s ^Msmgm in IhTongh Can U WinrEAPOLIB, W. PAUL, KANSAS dTY, LEAVJSNWORTH, ATCHISOH aad COUNCIL BLUFOT, sfTordintf Rapid Transit to aU thu Weetern and North- Wentora Statw aad TwritoxiM. ^^' O^t ou MAFfl, FOI.DEBS and a Copy of the V/DSTEBN TBAIL. J. FRANCIS LEE, Canadian I-aattnger Aijent, mi Jfi'rvnt Ht. Satt, TORONTO. R. R. CABLE, E- ST. JOHN. not^'rct. and Oeneral Manao«r- General Ttckct «ft Fastenffer Agmt. OMnco.A.uo. ii11I-H^I')l^lHlcHh)K- ^l^-|-^Hk)K-i TliMa i^^l^CHI^^I-^- 2L50 An aore with a r@fc»at@ ol HZS for ciiltiYation »»««»»»«« v^Mfi^iil^^tif^i^iid4AfiUMM^M^fvviH^^ MAP Of DOMINION LANDS SI PUBLISHED BY 1 ISUIIvi: H R« '/•;•,■•- ij t. an : n bb ^ n .;. *- ^ « ** - ■*: K>>UnBIIKII1inSIP^);'893fLinnB^:*i;ilB86l i:3ISSUBS8SBBBI3S3SBXU»-^3B 38 SB' U ^ S Rc;i8i»i8iBnBii;&iR^;;::.^K;;iBi».ii^!SBrMS«si»BiN3sss3:3B3ss'iBi st bs sss bs « ^..:: MAP OF A PORTION OF THE PROVINCE OF MA siio"wi2sra- ANDS SURVEYED, AND DISTINGUISHING CERTAIN L| PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOR THE INFORMATION OF INTENDING SEHLERS, JANI NITOBA, ,ANDS DISPOSED OF. INUARY 12th, 1882. 98" 30' TOWNSHIP DIAGRAM. Thla m^gtmm 1« Intandad to lUustrKM th* naUbnn dlqMsttton of Fra* Oimnt and PrQ-amptton IiMida, Mlao of Hallway oar Pub* Uo Lands, aa th« oaa« may ba, la aaoh TowntfUp In Manitoba and tba North • Waat Tanltorlaa. Note.— The system of Survey fixed by law for Manitoba and the North- West Territories defines all Townships as of the uniform dimensions, mode of division into Sections, and the num- bering of the Sections as shewn on Diagram. Each Section is about one mile square, and contains 640 acres, and is sub-divided into quarter-sections of 160 acres each, more or less. A Road Allowance of 99 feet, or one-and-a-half chains, is laid out on the lines dividing Sections, and on all Boundaries of Townships, according to the original system of wrvey, under wh'ch near ly the whole of the lands shewn on this Map were surveyed. -^--^ » ♦ • ^ :.t „ , % aa >/, % '/, f. ' ■/; « K ■'' '■'■ .«»^;:rv<^BJsttS8ivH^ir?x? A « »« v//y '// ^ * 'A 'I '/ AUfwmv/f'ii'vi'''/.''''- . z»'//7,aa-"- ■' H"''' >--'.-•• '•:i«"'-':'?j^!!^j^^^v..' .■•■a- »■ ■ .-pn ■ "'»a»» ""»■'" ■ !• >■ '■ ■ ■ ' •■•■■./.'■••,■/.'' ■••'■. aa ■ ; ?^;>^^;"^;; ;.'*5v,/; ^'/!?,.f Biiv^g^' i^-gji ■,.•,:',.■ * ', .V.-. ■.,«. ■■'/-///<* '/,vv t^m.^^'.m'^i^isiisi'i nSHJr-'f f^^VM '.\ieL-rWKt':WaA\r , ♦, •// '/. /- /, '/ /, '/, vMnf^/W'' itf 2* '''' *;' K»'!!«w««MSS3tUU3S »- SS 32 » « "a •! ' ST Mr .tiiMisiiK»;:sxN»!.3X s: -s:3x::. sx :;%38 .:? :i« s si »3 3S «.£H!KB3!!S5SS5SPSS!:^""""B> ^^^^BS!*csiHK3SHHKU8:3SKK»u»*8s: .K ss-st st : .kiS^^P!^UngBHU»t1NUnBKn8t»3SN!»SBtSIHHHUSS3X»»r32 » » :»..S8 » SS 3SB. ,..';' S^r r SS V.8II88 ' »uu Jtr^r M K» M mN ; H nnnBi -M : B SI : i i ■ V ;.:•••* SSBBBBI ss :: ss : ss ?« u ssisira^s UB^ .iB^U Tii nH« B IA\ B MBBBBtii^l » Bl 3SB. S r - SS SISiSIBBIIBBBBI ■At- rtttt^ + -; -;■ - +■ + -*-- -»-+■+■ + + + + '' B BNnBnBKUBUN8iLS:^Sk1SSSBSi?>98S:3EB:::3SSS8S8S8SBSSSSBSSS3Sn»dS3SBfi8:sS£:isa;i;(SL:A?3S3S3C- ^A ' k3S"sst ;;..isirs :^ JAe intendbij^ settler will note this Map oont ?H:^HJliir&^R8aSHiRN^ Hii'?^ sari Sr SlUUHRIISSUNSf aUBl fJiJ i i-m f-WPB-f- -1- SSMH : } BKRmSS rv. y.,.V'..>v<.:<' •'■.>.. yXf. .'v '.'■', ■--"■'.*.'•>■'. 1 N \ > h q- 50' 99" LmKtttude We Ht '*'(Vmu ./ r, '/■ f/'/' 'ft.^1 // ; '^ y//. (A « '< /. 4! '« >^ i'^V Da i< \ / H //'//-/,«■? '/ Ha/ V H'f If// '/,'/,*'/, \ Ba \ I,-, 0,7, '/,",'/'/: Bh /I L-.-.y'^