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 TO THE 
 
 RIGHT HON. EARL GREY, 
 
 HER MAJESTTS 
 PR1NClP.iL SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES, 
 
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 IN WHICH 
 
 THE POLITICAL EVENTS OF THE LAST THKEE YEARS ABE 
 BRIEFLY REVIEWED, AND REMEDIAL MEASURES SUGGESTED, 
 
 AND IN WHICH ALSO, 
 
 THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT .18 URGED TO REPEAL ALL 
 DIFFERENTIAL DUTIES ; TO THROW OPEN THE NAVtGATION 
 OF THE ST. LAWRENCE, AND TO GIVE UP ITS CONTROUL 
 OVER THE CANADIAN POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 
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TO THE RIGHT HON. EARL GREY. 
 Her Majettjft Principal Secretary of State for the ColonicB, 
 
 My Lord : 
 
 The mo»t enli^tened of your Lordship's pre* 
 decessors, tlie present Prime Minister of England, has declared^ 
 in a late address to his constituenti^ that " the administration 
 of our Colonies demands the most eai^nest and deliberate -at. 
 tention." 
 
 In your Lordship's own admirable speech on the Cora laws, 
 you are reported to have said : — 
 
 '* He beiieved that if they pursued a liheral policy in other respect^ 
 towards the Colonies, by extending to them the dearest rights of Ea^- 
 lishnien, the privilege of self government, and not needlessly interfering 
 in their domestic concerns, — tliat if they adopted a sound policy, politi' 
 cally as well as commercially, ihey would bind them with a chain 
 which no power on earth could break." 
 
 Notwithstanding the despair of obtq,ining justice from the. 
 Imperial Government which has prevailed througnout Canada, 
 it is believed by some and hoped by others that your Lordship'* 
 administration of the Colonial department will be a successful 
 one. But Imperial interests, to say nothing of those of the 
 nther Colonies, will necessarily occupy a large share of vour 
 Lordship's time ; and it is to be feared that Canada will be 
 overlooked if your Lordship should be impressed with 
 a belief that its Government has been, and h at presept,. 
 honestly administered in accordance with constitutional prin* 
 cipl0s. 
 
 . If we are to judge of the opinions of British statesmen by 
 the debate iyi the House of Commons on the occasion of the 
 rupture between Lord Metcalfe and his first Ministry, we hav« 
 good reason to fear that erroneous impressions may have been 
 tnado on th*^ mind of your Lordohlpi The object of* thi< lettsr^ 
 my Lprdi U to retnove luoH erroneoui |inpr«iiiqnif pl^A io 
 »oqu|i|&tyou ivith th« trut ittti o^ t^iri itt QuiMfti t $t^l 
 
 I 
 
put your Lordbhip in possession of facts, and I shall do so in 
 fiuch an open and public manner as to challenge contradiction. 
 
 I do not expect, my Lord, that you will enter into a detailed 
 consideration of Canadian grievances, or that you wilt employ 
 your ofli(;ial innuence to promote the success of a political 
 party in Canada. ' 
 
 But I do entertaiit a confident hope that your Lordship will 
 give effect to the reccnunendations of your much lamented re- 
 lative the late Earl of Durham, and that you will entrust the 
 Government of Canada to a Civil Governor acquainted with the 
 practical working of representative Institutions — that you will 
 revise the royal instructions which are altogether inconsistent 
 with the new system of Colonial Government which has been 
 professedly adopted by English statesmen of all parties, and 
 that you will put an end to the perpetual interference of the 
 Colonial Office in our local affairs. I would cite as instances 
 of the kind of interference which 1 trust your Lordship will put 
 an end to at once and for ever, the frequent reservation ofbills 
 relating to local matters, such as Rail Road and Bank Charters, 
 and the refusals to assent to other bills, because their provisions 
 may happen to be inconsistent with English statutes. All, my 
 Lord, that the Canadians desire is comprised in the term "Self 
 Government" and I need not remind your Lordship that there 
 is nothing in that term inconsistent with an acknowledgement of 
 the supremacy of the mother country. 
 
 Under the system of Government recommended by the Earl 
 of Durham, your Lordship would have little trouble with Cana> 
 dian affairs. Your chief difficulty would be in selecting a 
 Governor possessed of the requisite parliamentary experience, 
 and at the same time free from party bias — one who, instead of 
 attempting to form a party to cany out some policy of his own, 
 would allow Canadian public opinion to have its due weight. It 
 is more difficult, my Lord, to find such a man than would at 
 first be imagined. 
 
 Lord Sydenham is considered by many in England to 
 have beeii a model Governor, and yet he was the he. id of a 
 party. Lord Metcalfe has received commendations from both 
 Whigs and Tories, and y^t he was not only the head of a party 
 but he made use of the influence of the Crown in a party con-' 
 test to enable him to carry the elections after a dissolution of 
 Parliament. Sir Charles Bagot acted with the strictest impar- 
 ^iality, and the consequence was that he was charged. with im< 
 
m 
 on. 
 ed 
 
 becility, and with being merely a tool in the hands of his Min- 
 isters. There can be little doubt that Lord Metcalfe was 
 influenced by these charges against his predecessor even 
 before he left England, and that in consequence he formed a 
 determination to prove to the world that he had a will of his 
 own. English Sovereigns, my Lord, have too often quarrelled 
 with their Ministers with no better reason. There are always 
 courtiers and infriguers ready to poison the mind of the Sover- 
 eign or his representative against his constitutional advisers, 
 and perhaps no niore successful appeals have been made than 
 those to his feelings of pride. Lord Metcalfe's warmest ad- 
 mirers have extolled him for his firmness, while those who 
 disapproved of his conduct have condemned him for his obsti- 
 nacy. Precisely so was it with George IIL I regret, under 
 existing circumstances, that it is impossible to avoid referring 
 to Lord Metcalfe persimally ; but I feel that unless your Lord- 
 ship is thoroughly convinced of the errors of that nobleman, 
 Canada has little<to hope from your administration of the Colonial 
 department. 
 
 I assume that your Lordship approves of the recommendation 
 of the late Earl of Durham, to introduce into those Colonies 
 enjoying representative institutions the English system of ad- 
 ministering the Government through responsible Ministers. 
 You have doubtless been assured, my Lord, that Lord Metcalfe 
 adhered to that system, and you have tfie verdict of the British 
 House of Commons in his favour ; and yet, unaccountable as it 
 may seem to you, the Canadian ex-Ministers were perfectly 
 satisfied with the declarations made by Sir Robert Peel, Lord 
 Stanley, Lord John Ilusseil, and Mr. Charles Duller, on the 
 occasion of the debate on Lord Metcalfe's conduct, in so far as 
 they enunciated principles of Government. But, my Lord, 
 there was deception some where, and wo Canadians were 
 compelled to believe that all parties in England had resolved to 
 defend Lord Metcalfe, right or wrong. The Speakers in the 
 House of Commons, whom 1 have named, professed to believe 
 that Lord Metcalfe had not violated those principles, the correct- 
 ness of whichthey admitted, and Lord Stanley distinctly charged 
 the ex-Ministers with having demanded an instrument under the 
 hand and seal of the Governor with reference to his future 
 conduct, although no such proposition was either made or 
 thought of. Again, the same noble lord read in his place in 
 Parliament, extracts from despatches from Lord Metcalfe, in 
 
which his loi-dship declared that Mr. Lafontaine, the leading 
 member of the Administration, had expressed certain opinions^ 
 which he felt it necessary to communicate to the Imperial Gov- 
 ernment. Mr. Lafontaine has positively denied that he evBf 
 expressed such opinions. From an authorized statement made 
 in one of the administration papers it appears, that the des- 
 patch was founded on a report made by Mr. Higginson of a 
 private conversation with Mr. Lafontaine, which was entirely- 
 misrepresented, and which was communicated to the Colonial 
 Secretary without Mr. Lafontaine having been offered any op- 
 portunity of explanation. And yet. Lord Metcalfe pledged him- 
 self for the truth of this report. 
 
 It is right ♦.hat you my Lord, should be made acquainted with 
 facts now universally admitted in Canada. I shall not go into 
 detail but shall state briefly the system of conferring offices in 
 Canada under Lord Metcalfe. There were two channels for 
 applications for office, one through the Governor's Private Se- 
 cretary, Mr. Higginson, the other through the Responsible Min- 
 isters of the country. I need scarcely inform your Lordship 
 that the opponents of the administration generally made use of 
 the former channel and its supporters of the latter. A constant 
 correspondence relative to those applications and other public 
 business was kept up between the Private Secretary and those 
 who chose to correspond with him. The Responsible advisers 
 of the Governor were k^' in total ignorance of this correspon- 
 dence and neither knew the names of applicants for office nor 
 their chances of success until the Governor had determined on 
 their appointment. Such my Lord is the naked tmth. Let me 
 shew the operation of this system by reference to a case with 
 which Lord Metcalfe had nothing to do, but which is an admir- 
 able illustration of its working. An office became vacant in 
 one of our Districts. Application was made either to the Gover- 
 nor personally or through his Private Secretary on behalf of a 
 gentleman whose connections were all known to be opposed in 
 politics to the administration. This application was not com- 
 municated to the Ministry, but the Private Secretary addressed 
 a letter to one of the leading members of the opposition, in whose 
 office the applicant had been a student, enquiring into his quali- 
 fications. The answer was of course in the highest degree fa- 
 vourable, and the appointment was determined on without the 
 Ministers who were held responsible for it, and who wern lup^ 
 posed by the whole country to have recommended it, heRrlngont 
 
word on the subject. It is unnecessary my Lord to comment on 
 ■uch a proceeding. Your Lordship however will do well to 
 bear in mind that this patronage question has been the main 
 cause of *^ antagonism" in Canada. 
 
 I shall trouble your Lordship with one other illustration of 
 Lord Metcalfe's views on the subject of Responsible Govern- 
 ment. Previous to His Excellency's appointment as Governor, 
 as your Lordship will see by a reference to Lord Durham's 
 report, the existence of Orange Societies had caused considera- 
 ble dissatisfaction in Canada. The Liberal party had always 
 demanded their suppression, but they had been to a certain ex- 
 tent countenanced by the Government. The leaders of the lib- 
 eral party then in the Ministry were distinctly pledged as public 
 men to use their endeavours to discountenance these Societies. 
 Accordingly they recommended the same Executive action, 
 which had been tried with so much success in Ireland by the 
 Marquis of Normanby under the Whig administration. They 
 recommended that in issuing commissions of the Peace notori- 
 ous Orangemen should be excluded. Lord Metcalfe ob- 
 jected to this recommendation a» of course he had a right to do. 
 The £x-Ministers would have been quit* prepared to go to the 
 country on the Orange question, and with Lord Metcalfe '^s views 
 he ought to have forced them to that issue. But His Excellency 
 was not then prepared for a Ministerial crisis. Afler a long 
 discussion, finding that his Ministers were determined that, under 
 th^ir administration, Orangeism must be discountenanced, His 
 Excellency himself suggested that if action must be taken, he 
 would prefer that an act of Parliament should be passed. The 
 Ministers willing to conciliate and to meet his views as far as 
 they consistently could, yielded the point, and against their better 
 judgment resolved to remove the grievance of Orangeism by le- 
 gislation. What, my Lord, has been the result? The Ex- 
 Ministers havp been held up to the English and Canadian pub- 
 lic as the authors of an arbitrary end unconstitutional proceed- 
 ing. The bill against Orangeism was prepared and submitted 
 to Lord Metcalfe before its introduction in the House of Assem- 
 bly. Various alterations were suggested by His Excellency, 
 and acceded to by the Ministry. The bill was at last introduc- 
 ed and passed both Houses by very large majorities. While it 
 was ponding before Parliament, the Private Secretary of the 
 Governor took care to express himself in strong terms against 
 k, as can be proved by a member of the Assembly, a supporter of 
 the administration, whom he endeavoured to influence to vote 
 
 i ^1 
 
8 
 against it. This ft^ct has not yet been denied in Canada, and 
 if denied in England the member referred to is ready to main, 
 tain its truth. Your Lordship's experience ns an English 
 Statesman will enable you to judge whether any Minister would 
 endure the interference of the household of the Sovereign with 
 his policy. Since the opposition to Mr. Fox's India bill I re- 
 collect no case in Englisjh history in which the influence of the 
 Crown has been openly employed against (he Minister through 
 the Sovereign's personal attaches, 1 must not however dwell 
 on this subject. The bill, as I have stated, passed both Houses 
 of Parliament, and the royal assent was expected as a matter of 
 course. Your Lordship will scarcely believe that aller all that 
 Had taken place, notwithstanding that legislation had been re- 
 commended by himself. Lord Metcalfe announced his determina- 
 tion of reserving the bill as one of an iniusual character which 
 he could not assent Ko consistently with his instructions. 
 
 Your Loixlship will be able to judge from the facts which I 
 have stated whether Lord Metcalfe has carried out the system 
 of Government which prevails in England, and which was 
 recommended by the Earl of Durham. The ex-Ministers main- 
 lain that he did not, and hence the " aiitagonism" between 
 him and them, which led to their resignation ; and, my Lord, 
 if his previous conduct had been inconsistent with English 
 practice, most assuredly all must admit that what followed was 
 grossly so. On the resignation of his Ministers, it was expected 
 that some leader of the opposite party would have beencharged 
 to form a new administration ; such would have been English 
 practice ; but instead of that. Lord Metcalfe sent for the parlia- 
 mentary supporters of the ex-Ministry, one by one, and endea- 
 voured to convi/ice them that he was right and the Ministers 
 wrong, and that he was most anxious to carry out a liberal policy 
 through the instrumentality of other men. To the honour of 
 Canada be it said, that all these attempts failed. The ex-ministers 
 were sustained by their party, with but one or two exceptions. 
 Still no ministry was formed, and the session terminated afler a 
 public announcement in the House by a gentleman (Hon. Mr. 
 Viger) who afterwards accepted office, that an administration 
 was about being formed. After a short time two gentlemen 
 were gazetted as membersof the Executive Council, but without 
 office. The various departments of the Government were 
 conducted for months by subordinate officers, and during all this 
 time secret negotiations were carried on with individuals with- 
 out political influence, the object of which was the formation of 
 
a coalition administrution which would In; Hii1>sciviunt to the 
 (tovernor. Allor many months delay, lli" object wns gained, 
 and a dissohifiou of Purliamouf was rosorted to. The very 
 course adopted hy Sir Franei.s Head in KSJJO, of making the 
 Crown a party in the election ettiitetjt, and which was so strongly 
 deprecated by the Earl of Durham, was again resorted to by 
 Lord ^fetcalfe. But the latter nobleman went a step further 
 than his predecessor. Sir Francis Head had resorted to vulgar 
 clap-trap ; he had declared to t!ie people, through the Official 
 Gazette — "If yon quarrel with nusyou quarrel with your bread 
 and butter." Support me and I will llirnish you with all you 
 want, "men, wiinien and money.*' Lord Ivietcaife's addresses 
 are notdelici«Mit in ciap-tra|), b'.u dece;>tion of a more shameful 
 kind was resorted to. Let me cite one or two instances among 
 many. Your Lordship nnist be aware how much the people in 
 every new country suffer from bad roads. The frrievance ia 
 oi'.e that can oidy be remedied by lime, and i»y ihe settlement of 
 the country. It is, however, univcr.-^allv foil. IVnding the 
 elections, one of the deml-ooicial onjans of Lord Metcalfe was 
 autliorized to submit to l!ie country a plan in detail for the ex- 
 pendifure of no less a sum than Jlir)00,(iOO on the interior roads. 
 The article was headed in attractive terms. " GovrRXou 
 Genkral's LvTURion Hovds." Now, my Lord, Enj^lish states- 
 men will scarcely credit me, when I assure ihem, that this was 
 merely an electioneerinnj trick, or, as it misuhl be more properly 
 termed, u base fraud upon the country. No such srhertie was 
 ever submitted to ParliauK'iit l^y the Ministry, undt.-r whose 
 sanction it was demi-olHciaiiy ;innouncei'. 
 
 Again, my Lord, let me call your ailetition to the great political 
 question of the day — Univertiity llelbrm. Every eftl)rt was 
 used to per<uade the people, [)ending the elections, that Lord 
 Metcalfe and his new Mini>;ters were determined to carry as 
 comprehensive a measure on this sulnject as the Ex-Ministera 
 had proDosed. The party went to the Inistings with the cry of 
 ''•Jiheral measures^^ on their lips, but with a hatred of those 
 tneasures lu their hearts. I'he people of this cojmtry, my Lord, 
 demand and will insist on having an University established free 
 from sectarian induence. They were deceived by Lord Met- 
 calfe as they Iiavc often been by previous Governors, but their 
 day of triinnph will come at last. No University bill has been 
 carried through Parliament by the present Canadian Ministry, 
 and although their leader Mr. J)raper publicly declared in his 
 place during the first Session that he would stand or fall by his 
 bill, he nevertheless postponed its consideration till the next 
 Session, and then made it an open question, and suffered himself 
 
10 
 4o be shamefully defeated. It is believed, my Lord, that one of 
 your predecessors either Lord Stanley or Mr. Gladstone insisted 
 that the question should be made an open one, in order to enable 
 members of the Tory party to come into the' administration. 
 This is the general belief, but as the despatches of the Minister 
 are carefully concealed from the Canadian public there is no 
 certainty on the subject. 
 
 J shall nqt littigue your Lordship^y oiling other insfancs in which 
 the people ot Canadii were daceivrd at the last election. Lord Metcalfe 
 had an apparent triumph. His Mi.iistry elected their candidate for 
 Speakership by a majority of three. Had all the members been 
 present that majority, it is believed, would have been only one. But 
 Government influence was at work. One member returned on the 
 )iheral interest was almost immediately bought oil with office, ft is 
 H fact, my Lord, that he never took hi.*" seat in the House. The 
 people were so disgusted with his conduct that hi.s former opponent 
 was elected without difficulty. Sevotal of i!)e returns were contested ; 
 one of the most important wai that for the city of Montreal. 
 The petition was set aside as informal by a party vote, and the 
 merits never enquired into. 'I'he petitioners believe tirat they were 
 Ireated with the grossest injustice, ami the fact is notorious that the 
 present members lor Montreal novtv could have obtained, and could not 
 now obtain, a majority of the votos of the qualified electors. And 
 yet, uiy Lord, by this .Montreal election, illep'ally carried, Lord 
 Metcalfe obtained his majority. I shall trouble your Lordship with 
 with one'or two more election ravscs. The return of Mr. Small, a 
 member of the late adminif-tiation, was petitioned again.st on the 
 ground of want of qualification. The <^iov."nment party had a ma- 
 jority on the committee, and not (»nly was Mr. Small, who had 
 proved a sufficient qnalificuiioii Hccordinir to F^nglish decision.-^, 
 unseated, but his opponent, with a minority of votes, was declared 
 t!ie sitting member. The return of Mr. (iowan, Grand Master of 
 the Oransjemen, was petitioned against, also, on the ground of want 
 of qualification. The House, by a party vote, refused to entertain 
 the petition on account of an alleged error in a point of form. The 
 return of Mr. Riddell, a supporter of the Govrrnment, was petitioned 
 against by Mr. Hincks, n member of the late administration. In 
 this case alone, a majority of liberals was fciruck on the committee. 
 The Governntenl party alfempted to pass a resolution that the 
 committee was dissolved at the opening of the second session, but 
 although the whole influemie of the adtninistralion was brought to 
 hear in its favour, it was lo^t. Their next atteuipt w;as more sur- 
 cessful. They opened negotiations with one of the liberal members 
 of tlie committee, with a view to his appointment to office, and 
 succeeded in inducing him to accept three offices in his own district, 
 and to abandon his seat. The vote of that member decided the 
 contest against Mr. Hincks and in favour of Mr. Riddell, and before 
 the scrutiny had ferminai.J I .? actually accepted office, and left the 
 committee. I feel assn>-e(*, my Lord, that yon will find some diffi- 
 culty in crediting these fe.(aiements. Finquire, I beg of you, into the" 
 
 I 
 
 % 
 
11 
 
 truth. The individual last alluded to is Mr. Roblin, then member for 
 the county of Prince Edward, and the offices which he received while 
 eerving on the Oxford Committee were the Collectorship of Customs 
 at Ficton, the Agency for Crown Innds and the Registrar»hip of the 
 County, lie, of course, vHcated his seat in Parliament; and, to the 
 deep mortitication of the iMinistoi!!, a Reformer waa elected in hi? 
 place. I will not tre.-^pasa on your J^ordship's time by referrini^ to the 
 contested elections for Middlesex and West llalton, neither of which 
 were decided on the merits, and the petit ionors in both cases obliged to 
 give »p the contest after vain efforts to obtain justice. I will content 
 myself by assuring your Lordship that the prcient parliamentary ma- 
 jority has been obtained by the grossest fraud, and that the House of 
 Assembly does not represent the public opinion of the country. 
 
 I have called your fjordsliip's aiiention to the treatment which the 
 opposition bus received from theiVIinisters and their supprters in the 
 matter of the contested elections ; let me now state the circumstances 
 under which Mr. Inspocfor (ieneral Caylcy obtained a seat in Parlia- 
 ment. When that gentleman accepted office he was comparatively 
 speaking unknown never having taken any part in public affairs, tt 
 was necessary for him to obtain a seal in Parliament, and Ministerial 
 influence was insufficient to prucure one by legitimate means. After 
 fruitless efforts in other (juarters, the member for the county of Huron 
 (Dr. Dunlop) was literally purchased with an officelreated for the oc- 
 casion and the duties of which he is wholly incapable of performing. 
 Dr. Dunlop made no secret of the terms of the contract and frankly in- 
 formed his »ronstituents that his necessities compelled him to accede to 
 them. Tiio influence of the Government in a new and thinly peopled 
 county was sufHcient to sec(irp IVlr. Cayley's election. I putjt to your 
 L'jrdship whether such tiMincking witii the patronage of the Crown 
 would be tolerated in England. 
 
 Your liordship has doubtless been assured that Lord Metcalfe was 
 eminently snccesf^fiil in his (lovernment of Canada and that he left be- 
 hind him an administration strong in public confidence. Your Lord- 
 ship may have heard of the " Caron correspondence " which was 
 brought to light during la!=t .Session. You ought most certainly to 
 fjoruse it. Fi'oin it you will learn that previous to the departure of 
 Ijord Metcalfe, Mr Draper the bviding member of the administration 
 opened a nogotialion with Mr. Caron an avowed member of the oppo- 
 sition party, the object of which was to roconstrurt the administration 
 in such a manner as to obtain for it a larger amount of parliam<^nlary 
 support. Mr. Caron did not prelend to be the leader of the opposition, 
 and he was authoriz d by Mr. Draper to consult with hi? iriends. He 
 accordingly opened a correspondeiioe wilh Mr. LaFontaiuethe acknow- 
 ledged leader of the opposition, and urged him to consent to an arrange- 
 ment under which Mr. Morin another opposition leader would be 
 brought into power wilh oilier friendn, while Mr. LaFontaine to whom 
 personal objections wen- cMicrtainL'd by liord Metcalfe was to be pn>- 
 vided'for on the bench or oiherwise. In t!io course of this correspon- 
 dence Mr. Draper fully Hdmiit'.'d the weakness of the administration a* 
 • hen constructed. Mr. LaFontaine refuted to be a party to any such 
 arrangement as was propo:?ed but .sngges-ted the constitutional mode of 
 
12 
 
 reconstructing the administration in whole or in part by the instrnmen 
 tality of some infliientiiil individual cimrtrpd with the duty by the Gov- 
 ernor. While thp ne^rotiation botwoen Mr Caron and Mr, Drtiper was 
 in progress Lord Metcall'o resiunod and Eail Callicurt was appoii,leu 
 his siiccossor, since wliich lime no chaii<Te has been made in toe ad- 
 ministration, aUhougli it has never commanded th.at amount of public 
 confidence wli id) it>^. own leader deems neces'^ary. And at this mo- 
 ment, my liOrd, what is llie state oi our afl'virs? It is notoriutjs that 
 for several weeks hack liie adminislmiion ha:> been disorganiaod. Mr. 
 Solicitor General Sherwood li:t.-< rt'^•;MR•d al'lcr, it is said, an ineliectual 
 attempt to induce Mr. Draper to strenfrllR-n the .Ministry in a constitu- 
 tional manner. Mr. Vi^t r Fre.iident ot the Counril hau also resigned. 
 Mr. Papinpau merely holds oliice imtil his successor be appointed. 
 Mr. Daly the Provinciiil S?crelary an inetlicient and exceedingly unpo- 
 p jlar member o!' tlie Govcrnmenl li.is iQ'cted an arran^emmu liy whioit 
 lie expects to obtain the pormuneiil ulilce ot IVivat'^ or Civil Secretary 
 the two offices havinj: been united during the last Session. By this ar- 
 rangement, should your Lftrdship unhappily sanction it, all future (>o- 
 vernors will be deprived ol tlir> assi.-^tanc.e ot an efficient Private Secre- 
 tary of their own choice altiiongii the Provincial Pailiament made tlie 
 liberal provision of £750 per annum forsucii an otlicer. Your Lordship 
 will besurprised to liearthat with onoexceplion .Mr. Draper lias been una- 
 ble to till up the V icancies thus cn^ated. Several oirer.-j have been made, 
 and rejected for one reason nr another. One ol the vacant offices was 
 o&red to a supporter of the administration, tlie nieuiber for the city of 
 Kingstonj so at least the public were assured by the demi official organ of 
 the Government. Steps were tiiken to ascertain whether this gentle- 
 man conld be re-elected, and the result being uniavouralJie, the 
 appointment has not taken place ; and it is now said that the oiler has 
 been refused. It has been repeatedly asserted In the Ministerial jour- 
 nals that Mr. Draper is endeavouring to prevail on certain inPiU'ritial 
 French Canadian gentlemen to join his adniinistratioii. Otfers have I 
 believe been made to gent!( men who are imt in Parlinmont and who 
 have never been eniia;itd in political life, but your Lordship is toft well 
 acquainted willi the working ifpar^y Co\eriinicnt net to know that 
 such negotiations as i!ins(^ utiich L]iul (^athcart has sanrUoned arc only 
 looked o!i with c(»ntempt. 'l't:e avi.wod object of the&e negotiilicms \n 
 to obtain the support ot an iritliicniial party in the country, and yet the 
 recognized leaders of that purly have never been consulted l;v Earl 
 Cathcait. Your Lordship will tcaicely believe that there are uicn 
 here weak enough and ignorant enough to imagine that a to'teripg ad- 
 ministration can be strerij.'lhened by tlie purchase of a le\< individuals. 
 If your Lordsliip wishes to luim an estimate id the strength t>f ihc p'e- 
 KCnt remnant of an adi;)ij(istra;ioii. I \v'ould recoinDiend yon to read the 
 public journals and esp"ciaily tiiose which lla^e hitherto FUi'jMrted 
 them. Y'ou will tind in thrrn almost universal condeii. nation. I am 
 tempted to present yon with a specimen. 
 
 [Fioni tlio Mootreal Times.] 
 "The last rumour iliat 1ms reached us ecncerning the "Ministerial 
 crisis," is to the etfect, that the Presidency of the Executive Couneil 
 has been oflered to a high judicial Amotiouary, with raite blanche as re- 
 gards the re-construction of the Lower C'anudu portion of the Ministry. 
 
 
13 
 
 We cannot vouch for the truth of this rumour, and give it for what it is 
 v-orth : but we received it from a quarter which we have found well in- 
 formed on such matters. It h not just to attach blame to any one without 
 Ills being heard; but really the whole country is getting weary of the 
 process of incubution by which Mr. Draper is hatching a Ministry. It 
 is feared that ho has been sitting on an addled egg, and that he will; after 
 all, bring forth nothing. There may be reasons for this long delay 
 which are unknown to the public; but for our own part, wo cannot 
 conceive wh:it those reasonscan be. It is evident tlip* if the neoociations 
 with the French leader:; have proceeded to such lenyrhs as it is reported 
 they have, it wonUl be both dangerous and dillicuh logo back. Such a 
 step ouaht now to be ilie result of a strong necessity only. It is both 
 saler arid easier to go forward ; and Mr. Draper ought not to hesitate in 
 doing so. After having sacrificed so much, the A'torney Generalship 
 ought not to be in the w;iy of an mrangeniciit, unless the Canadian Premier 
 is one of those scrupulous gcnllcmen who "strain at a gnat and swallow 
 a camel." 
 
 It is in vain ray Lord that Mppcals htivo heen inside to Earl Catlicart 
 to perform his dutv itiul to insist on ili',' tonnition of an administration 
 of Bome kind. It Mr. Draper be unable to obtain such ass'slance as he 
 himself deems nocesfary ai;d nnlwilhslandinjr persists in retainin^j,- office 
 it id manifestly tiie duty <>f the Governor to dismiss liim, and to seek 
 other advice. But my Lord, the nolle Earl to whom the Government 
 of Canada has been cntrtuitcd seems to care lillle whether there is an 
 administration or not. 
 
 The preiss, my Lord, nmy be considered as a fair index of pui'lic 
 opinion, but I have other evidence to prove the weakness of the 
 administration, if I may so designate the present provisional holders of 
 office. 
 
 Mr. Henry Sherwood vvlioso resiirnation I have already referred to is 
 notoriously fuipporied by several members of Ihe House of Assenihly ; 
 Sir Allan'MeXab the late ^^peaker v.as <»azetted as Adjutant (jieneral 
 of Militia but he relnrnod his commission immediately on its receipt 
 owing donbtle^is to some dissatisfaction wifh (he coiidncl of the Govern- 
 ment. Col. (jncry late A Ijiilant General of Lower ('anad i has published 
 a letter in which ho ace ises Mr. AHorney General Hinitli of having en- 
 deavoured to deprive a gentleman of hi^h sliinijing In Lower (Xanadu 
 of a Colonelry of Mili'ia because he vcniured to oppose his (Mr. 
 Smith's) electi(»!i ; he ^tates ftirther that Mr. Smith demanded his 
 ((?ol. (iugy's) disiris^al from Lo d Metcalie because he would not place 
 the Militia p4tr(>naj;;e at his disposal, tlial liord Metcalfe sustained him 
 atrainst -Mr. Smith but tl.af the 1 ittor has harboured revenge agaitist 
 him, and since Lord MetcJille's departiiie has Muceed'ul in ejrctiiifr 
 him from oUice. Such, my Lord, are the statements of Cd. Gn^fy who 
 lias heretofore b?cn an active Mtppoiter oi the present Hdmi.iistrution. 
 
 Rut another case, my Lord, has can- cd no little .-lir in she cemmercial 
 wor'd. Your LcriUhip is av.a'O tliut hy an act of la^t .-^essioti the 3s. 
 Ironlier duty on v.lieal v.a-: (o h<' repealed whenever the new Corn law 
 act HiiouIJ come into operation in lln^laiul. In the month of May nil 
 iipplicaii(>ii was im.de li> the Goveriunent hy certain m'erchanls to bo 
 permi;icd to import w! eat on the understanding that the duty would be 
 rpliHidiHl in case the bill became law. This application was refused on 
 the ijround that Government had not theptiwer to accede to the request. 
 
\ 
 
 14 
 
 ii> 
 
 I 
 
 ). 
 
 But, my Lord, in tlio month of June a sppcial application was made td 
 tlie Ciovcrnment to permit two cargoes of wheat, the property of a 
 mercantile house, with the partners in which Mr. Atty. General Smith 
 is nearly connected by marriage, to he ground in bond without payment 
 of duty, in contravention of ttie existing law. This application, ray 
 Iiord, was grant*"d, but otliers praying the tame indulgence were refused. 
 The nam^s of ihe parties have been given ; the facts are notorious, and 
 no dnfence of the act has yet been made on behalf of the Government. 
 I have, perhaps, dwelt too much, my Lord, on what I conceive to be the 
 errors or crimes of the present Canadian administration. J again repeat 
 lliat 1 do not invoke any aid from your Lordship to the political party 
 to which I am myself attached. I merely claim for it fair play, and 
 that, I mainlain, it iias not had from Lord Metcalfe. The people of 
 Canada may lairly claim the apprtinfment of a Governor General wIiqsc 
 own feelings are in accordanc? wiili those of your Lordship, and who 
 will give etlect to tlie Earl of Pnrham's recommendations. That 
 Governor should have his own contidential Secretary to assist him in 
 hie imperial correspondonce, but who should abstain from all interfer- 
 ence with the local afl'airs of llie, Providce. The royal instructions 
 should be materially changed, and Colonial Office interference should 
 be discountenanced by your Loidship. The new Governor s^hoirid 
 insist on the adminislraiicn being completed by the gentleman now at 
 the head of it, or, in case of liis inability to do so, by some other poli- 
 tical leader. There is surely nothing unreasonable in all this ; nothing 
 incnnsisfent with your Lordship's frequently e.xpressed opinions. But, 
 my Lord, the new Governor should go one step further; he should 
 firilcr an immediate dissolution of Parliament. Your Lordship cannot 
 approve of the electoral frauds practised in 1844, and will not counte- 
 nance them. ]a-'\ Mr. Draper, by all means, have the benefit of a di.-- 
 solution while he is Mininter; let him make what pledges he likes 
 regarding University I>i!l,'5, Intoriur Roads, Patronage, or other questions 
 of interest; ')uf, my Lird, let him do so a.s Mr. Draper; let not the 
 Governor (Jeneral'.s name he idejitified with these frauds upon the 
 people. If, after a dissolution, Mr. Draper should have a majority, 
 your Lordsliip n)ay rest assured that the liberal party will not utter a 
 single complaint, and that your Lordship will hear no mo;e of Canadian 
 grievances. 
 
 Although I fear I have already trespassed too hmg on your 
 Lordship's valualile time, there i.s a subject of deep importance to 
 liie Canadian people, which I cannot forbear alluding to, — I mean the 
 question of Free 'J'rade. It is very evident from the tenor of your 
 Lordship's speech that yon labour under some misapprehension wiMi 
 regard to the state of feeling in Canada on this subject. You seem to 
 consider that the majority in favoui of the Canadian Government propo- 
 sition of last session to allow American wheat to be ground in lond 
 for exportation free ol duty, were in favour of free trade and the 
 minority opposed to it. If to, your Lord.-^hip i.>? in error. Practically, 
 lliere is not muchdiflerenccof t'pinion m Canada regarding Free Trade. 
 Here, doubt less, a? elsewhere, there ^re Protect ioi'.itjls and FrceTraders ; 
 but with regird to the repeal of tiro English Corn Laws, there was no 
 member of the Legislature, no public Journal, and no body of men, not 
 even the Free Trade Association of this city, that advocated it.— 
 

 15 
 Some were disposed to submit with a good grace to what they eaw wa^« 
 inevitable, while others were ino'ined to send strong addresses and 
 petitions on the subject. This, my Lord, is the real statp r)f the case. 
 A petition in favour of the repeal of the Corn Laws would not, in all 
 probability, have received a sigiiaturf? in Canada. But then, my Lord, 
 those who have predicted thai we would all turn rebels because the 
 Corn Law wa^ repealed, are grently mistaUen. There is very little 
 despondency in Canada on the subject. The present holders of breiid 
 stuffs will suffer severely because the purchases last winter were mude 
 at a time when the delu!=ive cry of " lamiue " wa.s in every niontli. 
 When the present stocks are worked oil' all will be right, and the 
 merchants will have the advantage of a steadier market in future. 
 The question on which the division took place in our House of As- 
 nernbly was the repeal of the frontier duty of 3.s., which was thought 
 by the minority, which opposed it, to be a very inctunplete measure 
 by itself. You have given the people of Englantl Free Trade, my 
 liord, and we ask you to give it to ils. We demand the repeal of all 
 differential duties in favour of Brili.*h manufactures, which are impos- 
 ed by Imperial acts, and the free navigation of the St. Lawrence for 
 vessels oLall nations. *In no other way, my Lord, can the commerce 
 of the St. Lawrence be sustained. The freight of a barrel of flour 
 from Montreal to Liverpool h-is been G,s. 3d. during the present seas-on, 
 while at New York it has been only 3*. If the press can be con- 
 sidered as an index of public opinion, itil parties in Canada are it\ fav(>r 
 of the removal of these restrictions on our trnde. And, my Lord, while 
 Ldo not allow myself to anticipate any oppo^^iti«tn to our demands from 
 a Free Trade Cabinet, I ran fcaroely believe that even the patties for 
 whose benefit tlie present restriction:' have been imposed, will endea- 
 vour to maintain them. Surely, my Lord, tie I'ritish manufHClurers, 
 the Free Traders of Alanclicsler, and the oilier manufa< turing towns 
 will not claim protection for their coltonc;, their woollens, and their 
 liardware. If they do, let the fact he proclaimed; let the agrictdtn- 
 ralists of Canada be given clearly to understand that thouj<h their 
 wheat and Hour is to he placed on the samo footing as foreign in the 
 English markets, they are neverihelej-s to he sulijected to protective 
 duties in favor of British manufactures. The rase of the ship-owner 
 IS a much clearer one. He, my Lord, must compete witli foreign 
 Hhippinar under the Free Trade system. Our products must be sent 
 lo the English markets cither by tho St. iiawrence or by New York, 
 and as the English ship-owner must compete with the foreigner at thu 
 latter port, he may as well do so in the St. jjuurence. But, my Lord, 
 even if the British ship-owners should demand the continuance of their 
 mioiopoly, will a Free Trade Cabinet lend them any countenance 7 
 We (/anadians trust not ; we entertain a contidont hope that onr 
 reasonable demands will Le acceded to, in which case your Lord-hip 
 need not apprehend any complaints from Canada on commercial sub- 
 jects. Tiiere is, however, one morii^ter grievance which I have leit 
 untouched, arid regarding which I can assure your liordship there i.n 
 no diffennce of opinion among political parties—-] mean the Post 
 Office. I shall not take up your Lordship's time with any length- 
 ened notice of this subject, especially as the remedy is a very simplvj 
 one. place the Post Ofl^ce under Provincial controul. Let its head 
 
■^' 
 
 n 
 
 i*j»' 
 
 10 
 
 be a member of our Administration. Chargrc us with the packot post- 
 age as yon do ihe United States, and all will worii well.. Why, my 
 Lord, seek to maintain Imperial controiil over lliis department ? No 
 good reason can be given for doing eo, 
 
 I am well aware that all I lie Post Oflice subordinates in London will 
 rise In arms awaiust any proposal to ^ive up tlio controiil of their Cana- 
 dian branch. But my Lord, have not the samt'' parties opposed every 
 measure of Post Ottice reform in Knglaiid ? 1 inu.'t confess that when 
 I consider the immense influence of the i'f ot Office dopartment I 
 Rcarcelv venture to entertain any hopes of a sfx^ody settlement of that 
 question. The Post Office authorities however will most assuredly 
 have to yield at last. I have now my Lord completed the task which 
 I impo.-ed on myself, and although my U'tter m:iy be thou;»ht tediou.-, I 
 do not ihink that jour Lordship will find in it any unreasonable de- 
 mands on your own time or on that of your ('oUeagues. Had I n«it 
 yreat confidence both in the wisdom and justice oi your l.ordship 1 
 Hhould scarcely have made the present appeal. Your Lordship may 
 believe me when I assure you tiiat you would hear much more from 
 ('auada at this time were it not that the people generally have lonjj 
 since lost all c«)nHdence in English party politicians. This is perhaps 
 an ungracious expre.«sion, hut your Lordship may rely on its being a 
 true one. For my own part T regret the existence of such distrust, and 
 I still more regret that there has been so much cause for it in limes 
 past. 
 
 While appealing to your Lordship for justice, I would remind my 
 Canadian fellow sjibjecis of your Lordship's valuable services In tho 
 cause of Colonial Reform, and which (oru» the l)est guarantee that we 
 can have that you will concede all our reasonal.le jleminds. It will, I 
 feel assured, be a proud satisfaction for your Lordship l.j reflect here- 
 after that you were the tirst British statesman to give practical etl'oct 
 to (he recommendations of your deeply lamcntel relative, the late Earl 
 of Durham. Most assuredly your liordsiiip's predei es?ors have eitlier 
 not C( mprehendfd the Earl of Durham's rept)it or have not tluiughl 
 proper to adopt It. I cannot my Lord conciudi' this, letter in a moro 
 appropriate mmner than by quoting the concliu'ing words of that Im- 
 perishable document. 
 
 " For these reasons I pray your Majesty's earnp>^t attention to this 
 report. It is the last act arising out of the loyal and conscientious dis- 
 charge of the high duties im|)osed upon uv by the Couimission with 
 which your Mnjesty was graciously pleaseu to entmst me, I humbly 
 hope that your iVJajesty will receive it favourably, and belie\o that it 
 lias been dictaied by itic most d«^voted feeling ul loyalty and %ittacli- 
 ment to your Maje>-)ty's person and throne, by the sl.roiigest sense of 
 public duty, and by an earnest djpire to perpetuate and strengthen the 
 connection between this F^mpire and the North American Colonies which 
 would then form one of the brightest ornaments in your Majesty's 
 Imperial Crown." 
 
 I have the honour to be, my Lord, ' ;" ' 
 
 ; ;, -• , ,;.. it Your Lordship's ' ' "' • '^' 
 
 ., . • I . 'i ,' Most obedient servant, ...i-,.. 
 
 A CANADIAN. 
 
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