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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata o pelure, 1 i I n 32 X 1 2 3 1 6 T ' y J ^ C. (i^ith Compliments.) f( ' Social Sciences H Concise tctrospect ol tne Jesuit oner. k^ ill i/Ll The following is but a brief outline of the career of a body of men which has, alas ! played but too conspicuous a part in the world's history for three hundred and 'ifty years. Though established as a nissionar}' societ}', that the\' turned merchants is the least that can I) said agairst them. It would seem that each successive "General" of the Jesuits either grafted his own ideas upon those of his predecessor or predecessors for the government of the Order, or abrogated such and so much of the laws, orders, rules and regulations previously existent as suited his own peculiar fancy ; thus following the precedents of councils and popes, both of whom have repeatedly decided against the conclusions of their respecftive ancestors. Though originally limited to sixty members, some three veajs sufficed for the Order to obtain an accession of two hundreu ; thirteen 3''earS; again, brought its strength up to a thousand ; and two hundred and thirty-three years from its establish- ment it registered twenty-two thousand members ! Of their intrigues, the strifes they have engendered, the peoples the}- have demoralised, the internecine and international wars they h'lve kindled, the persecutions they have provoked, the blood they have caused to be slied, the fair countries desolated and nations ruined — let history tell. 1 fear me no pi(51:ure has yet been drawn in sufficiently striking colours, or complete in every detail, and that it never can be. Such time as I could spare during the past decade to devote to the subjedf has, I am convinced, failed to enable me to colle(51: a perfe(5t list of expulsions alone. I am constrained to say, so many, so oft recurring, so far reaching, so widespread, so heinous, so malicious and so iiypocritical have been their crimes, and withal enacfted under the guise of religion — the best of armour though the worst of cloaks — that it seems needful to read between the lines in all concerning them, because of their double dealing, 57/, ^^ per 1 3 19 m ii which tends to make their good adlions bad, their evil deeds worse. But their confreres are our accepted authority, they are thus constituted their own judge and jury, and out of their own mouths do they stand convi(5ted and condemned ! The Jesuits are the Hfe and strength, the heart, brain, and backbone of the Papacy, whose star was certainl}' on the wane when Loyola and his coadjutors, three-and-a-halt centuries since, placed their services at the Pope's disposal : hence they were received with open arms. The desire for their reform was unanimous from all Roman Catholic Cabinets in Europe, and could not be passed by unheeded : htnce the suppression of the Order in the eighteenth centuiry. And that its support was .much missed and greatly needed by the then declining and feeble Romish cause, suificiently accounts lor its restoration to power after a lapse of forty years, in facSt "as a last resource . . . An enthusiastic mind in the sixteenth century conceived and executed a plan which has consolidated Romanism and arrested its fall for three hundred years."''- God defend the right ! '* Jesuitism is Popery adapted to the living, bus}^ and fashionable world, and therefore it comes with all its dangers and intrigues before an acStive, commercial, and highly-civilised nation. It is for England to turn a deaf ear to the siren, and to remain faithful to her God." I The Order of Jesuits was planned by Ignatius Loyola, a wary, designing, and superstitious young Spanish noble- man, in 1535. Pope Paul III. gave his full assent and consent to its establishment, granting it great privileges, and naming Loyola first '* General," confirming the same by bull in 1340, upon the accomplishment of a novitiate of two years. So well did they work that before the end of fifty years from their foundation one million one hundred thousand persons are said to have perished through their instrumentality! They are made accountable for the Marian Persecutions; as early as 1566 they are credited with the massacre of the Huguenots at Vassi ; with the massacre of St. Bartholomew, at Paris, in 1572; and the • Sir C. E. Smith, Bart., 1843. t The Jesuits : An Historical Sketch. (R. T.S.J I T Gunpowder Plot, London, November 5th, 1605. This *• Society of Jesus" was a valuable acquisition and adjuncfl to Rome ; therefore did each successive Pope confirm the a(51:s of his predecessors by issuing a bull in their favour for over two hundred and thirty years. But so bad did they become that they were at various times expelled from nearly all the leading States of Europe, if not from every country in the world, in some cases twice, others thrice. Four times have they had to leave Naples, four times Spain, six times England, nine times France— the last in 1880. A List of Expulsions. From Saragossa in 1555 ; from La Palinterre in 1558 ; from Vienna in 1566 ; from Avignon in 1570; from Antwerp, Portugal, and Segovia in the same year, 1578 ; from England in 1579 ; from England again in 1581 ; fri m England again in 1586; from Japan in 1587; from Hungary and Transylvania in the same year, 1588 ; from Bordeaux in 1589 ; from the wiiole of France in 1595 ; from Holland in 1596; from Berne and Touron in the same year, 1597 ; from England again in 1602 ; from England again in 1604 ; from Denmark, Thorn, and Venice in the same year, 1606 ; from Venice again in 1612 ; from Amura, in Japan, in 1613 ; from Bohemia in 1618 ; from Hungary and Moravia in 1619 ; from Poland in 1621 ; from Naples and the Netherlands in the same year, 1622 ; from China and India in the same year, 1623 ; from Turkey in 1628 ; from Abyssinia in 1632 , from Malta in 1643 ; from France again in 1716; from Russia in 1723; from Savoy in 1729; from Paraguay in 1733; from Portugal again in 1753; from Venice again in 1759; from Brazil in 1760 ; from France again in 1762 ; from France again in 1764 ; from Spain and the Two Sicilies in the same year, 1766; from Naples again in 1767 ; from Malta again and Parma in the same year, 1768; from Austria and Rome itself in the same year, 1773, in which year the Order was suppressed ; from Russia again in 1776; from the Canton Grisson and France again in the same year, 1804 ; from Naples again in 1810 ; from the Canton Soleure, Franc:- -jiain, Moscow, and St. Petersburg in the same year, 18 16, despite their n^-establishment a year or two before by bull of Pope Pius VII. ; from Belgium in 1818; from Brest in 1819; from Russia again, finally and for ever, and Spain again in the same year, 1820 ; from the Cathedral at Rouen in 1825 ; from the schools in Belgium in 1826 ; from eight colleges in France in 1828 ; from Great Britain and Ireland in 1829 ; from France again and Saxony in the same year, 1831 ; from Portugal again in 1834 ; from Spain again in 1835 ; from Rheims in 1838 ; from Lucerne in 1842 ; from Spain again in 1844 ; from France again and Lucerne again in the same year, 1845 ; from Switzerland in 1847 ; from Spain again in 1854 ; from several Italian States in 1859 ; from Sicily again in i860 ; from Spain again, and finally, in 1868 ; from the German Empire in 1872 ; from France again in 1880, f ' > ':^ . 1 As many as forty-five expulsions are said to have been recorded up to 1773 — in which year they (the Jesuits, at this time numbering twenty-two thousand) were suppressed and aboHshed by bull of Pope Clement XIV. — forty since, making a total of eighty-five. Now I enumerate eighty-five above at one view, besides mentioning ten others — together ninety-five, and I do not think these are all. The careful reader may count as many as forty-three expulsions in only fifteen specified years, between 1578 and 1848. Look at the importance also of some of them — the whole of France, China and India, Russia, Rome, Great Britain and Ireland, and the German Empire. Yes, they were but suppressed — to rise again ; dissolved — to again assemble ; not destroyed, nor annihilated. Tolerated by Frederick the Great in Prussia, and by Catherine II. in Russia, the spirit lived, was an active principle still. Jesuits existed, disguised — secretly, not avowed. There seems to have been a revival of the Order in Russia in 1801, and in Sicily in 1804. In 1814 Pope Pius VII. reconstituted the Jesuit Order for the whole of Christendom, in other words restored them to their former position, to do all that craft, cunning, and unprincipled conduct could to hinder the progress of truth and liberty, extend Popery, and all other deceitful and underhanded wickedness. And that they were then as bad as ever, if not worse, more despicable and detestable — observe this: in 1848 Austria, Bavaria, Galicia, Linz, Naples, the Papal States, Paraguay, Sardinia, Sicily, and Vienna, almost simultaneously rejecfted them ! When I had, after considerable labour, penned this paragraph, I was grieved to think that so much could be recorded against an organisation so powerful for good ; and 1 would not rest satisfied in the knowledge which seemed to imply that a religious Order could be composed solely of such worthless creatures — for history was apparently dead against them. Further research put me in possession of additional figures belonging to the above sad category of the faults and failings of our coinmon humanity, which I omit ; preferring the following extracTt from honest Edward Duller, showing particularly h5w much we are indebted to the disciples of St. Ignatius for opening up South America, and civilising ind Christianising its primordial races : — i^ .1 \ \ 4 f V i i \ 4 M K. y .; ,y - > ? ' \ T> 1: . 4 \ i f > < I 1 * t" ' V \ I ^ K r > " In Portugal they brought about in 1673 a financial arrangement under which the Jews were relieved from the cruel persecutions of the Inquisition by the payment of large sums, which were in turn applied to the reconquest of the Portuguese-American colonies ; while their possessions in Brazil extended to the River de la Plata. . . . They conduced themselves, generally speaking, with much tenderness and moderation towards the religious conceptions, habits and prejudices ot the natives of Japan. . . . Chiefly through the distinguished mathematical attainments of F'ather Adam Schall, Europe derived during a long period the most important scientific information resped ing China ; whilst, undeniably through their efforts, the essential lodrines of Christianity were maintained through all the vicissitudes of after times. ... In the Spanish territory of Paraguay, in South America, the Jesuits founded a kingdom of their own. By gentleness and kindness they won the hearts of the simple natives, converted many to the Christian faith, and infused a love of order and social life into their wild natures. They taught them to build houses, gave them laws, and, what was still more, led them to understand and respedl them ; introduced the blessings of European civilisation, arts, and sciences; and, in short, became in every sense their friends and benefadlors Arrangements were made by which no one should possess private property, but all the fruits of the general industry were gathered into large storehouses, from which the Fathers distributed to each that which he adually required for his support. In addition to this power over the wealth of the community, they likewise derived immense sums from the plantations, especially from those termed Paraguay herbaries, in which were cultivated various plants used in medicine. Santa Fe, Buenos Ayres, and Tukuman were the chief depots of their Brazilian trad°. Nor must it be forgotten that other and less equivocal praise is justly due for having introduced and maintained the utmost purity of morals among their subjeds, thus laying the surest and most durable foundation of social prosperity and happiness, when built, as in this instance, on the firm basis of religious dodlrine ; for by the sublime influence of Christianity they succeeded in making concord, chastity, and temperance the ruling virtues of these people." Let US now follow the Jesuits a few steps farther, noticing briefly their rise and progress. So early as 1540 there was a college at Portugal. Avowedly established to countcracft all the good the Reformation had done or was calculated to effedt, we notice that in 1543 the ordinance limiting the Order to sixty members was withdrawn, so John III, of Portugal built a college at Coimbra for two hundred new members. In 1542 we find Franciscus Xavier, fellow-coimtryman of Loyola and one of his nine coadjutors, at Goa, in the East Indies, where was soon another college for one hundred and twenty ; he went to Japan in 1549, death by fever, on December 2nd, 1552, frustrating his design of going to China. They arrived at IngoJdstadt in ^: ^y ^ > ^ 7 .i 1549, Duke William IV. of Bavaria founding a college the following year. So overbearing were their manners towards the Irish that they were forced to fly from their indignation ; they were driven from France, and