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The following diagrams illustrate the method; L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour litre reproduites en un seul cliche sont film^es d partir de Tangle sup6rieure gauche, de gauche d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 V m CI BRIT Cum P] HISTORY V OF TIIK NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, FliOJI ITS INTOliPORATION, IN' TIIK SKVKNTEKSTII CHNTrHY, TO THE rnivSKNT TIME m i| INCLUDING % gduKcb gcj^ort of i^t Compiinn's IproacbingS lOR THE CIVILIZATION AND CONVERSION OF INDIANS, BLACKS, AND PAGANS IN THli DOMINION OP CANADA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, TIIK WEST INDIES, AND S. AFRICA, DUIUNO THE TWO YEARS 1869-1870. COMI'LETED AM) I'KINIKU lOB ClKCt'LATlO.V AMONO TUB MkMBKUS 09 THK CoM^^f BY DIBECTIO.N OP THE OeNBBAL CoUHT, UELD 13tU DkcBMBEB, 18,0, \. LONDON : PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND CO., LITTLE QUKEN STREET. 1871. I : s R 3 I 77/ p., .n ■/'-''/ CONTENTS, Date of Fomulntion, otc. . OfllccrH ..... I^rcinhora ..... ]\lissioiiarit's and School Teachers Correspondents .... Preface 1019 1G.')8. 1053—1(557. 1053. 1053. 1000. 7 Feb. 1001-2. 1002 .Inly, 1003. 1002-5. loss. 1070. 1095. 1711. 1715. Ordinance of Long Parliament for ere ating a New England Corporation Money collected Littleton's annuity ... Purchases at Eriswell and in London and at Pluinstead . Bedingfield's contract Bedingfleld's conveyance . On the Restoration, Tiedingfield repu diates his snle Cliarter of Iiu"or|'ioration . New England Company's suit against Bedinjjfield Decree ..... Conveyances to the N. E. Co. Sale of Littleton's annuity PiJioyer's annuity Boy k'\s annuity ( BrafFerton rent-charge) Dr. Daniel Wijliam.s' will. Rever- sionary devise of Essex property to Company Reversion of Essex proj)erty falls into possession • • . . . PaOK X X xi xii xiii xiv 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 9 10 11 11 11 11 12 13 ■:f IV CONTENTS. Further purchases by tlie Company in MMrtlia'-; Vineyiiril, iu America And at Eribwoll . . ■ • E.\c*lic(]ii('r Annuity . . • • South Sea Annuities . . • • South Sea Stock .... 1002-1775. New Enghmd Company's Commis- sioners in America . . • • Eemittanccs ..... Remittances for 1775 Rennttanocs su.sj)en(le(l Certificates paid in 1778-9 Midsummer, 1779. Certificates countermanded Exceptional payments Payment discontinued of Boyle's an- nuity ,....• 178G. Resolutions under counsel's advice against exercisinj? tlie Clmrter trusts out of IJ is jMnjcsty's dominions Transfer to New Brunswick New Brunsnvick Commissioners . Allowances to New England mission- aries on the ground of bounty ami compassion . . . • . Remittances on account of Dr. AVil- liams' trusts 1787. Supplies stopped Counsel's opinion taken Invetitment of balances of Dr. Wil- liams' trust funds . . ■ • 178S. Attorney-General v. l^ondon Corp.nra- tion. Suit as to Boyle's annuiiy . 1792. Trusts directed by Court of Chancery for Boyle's annuity 1791. Arrears of Boyle's annuity 17SG— 1801. Remittances to New Brunswick on account of income of Charter fund and Boyle's annuity 1785—1808. Accumulations of Dr. Williams' In- come ... ■ • 13 V.) 11 11 It 11 11 15 IG 10 IG 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 ID 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 rAOB 13 13 14 11. It 11 li 15 IG 10 10 17 17 IS 18 IS 1803. 18 19 ID 19 19 20 20 20 21 1801. 1807-8. 1808. 1808. 1807. 1808— 1831-. 2 July, 1818. 1S()S_Ks;m,. 1812-13. 180S- 1S3L 1831. July, 181,-). Nov. 1815. Die. 1815. 21 Nov. 1811. Sept. 1820. Oct. 1820. April, 1823. July, 1823. ( O.NTK.NT8. Attorney. Oeiicral v. New Kii«,'laiitl Coiupiiiiy. Iiifonnation and anawer na to Dr. Williaiim' trusts l'rofcedin<,'s di'iayed .... Failure of }\v\v En^'laMil Company's efforts in Mew liriinswiek Otueral Ccdlin's plan of operations adopted ...... Keinittances to New Hrunswick Accunuilations and elianges of invest- ments ...... Attorney-General v. New England Company. «uit a.v, to Dr. William.^' trust funds Scheme for Dr. Williams' trust . Ease.v inelosure . • • • Company's purchases. Essex . » „ Suflbik . » ft Upper Canada Eriswell Inelosure award . Government Annuities Sale of houses, Fiucklersbury Accumulations ..... raiticulaisofiVi'u England Companv's property ..... Lords of Treasury call on New Eng- la?ul Company for accounts Company's answer .... Account rendered .... Suggestions for improving General Collin's scheme .... Charity Inquiry Commissioners . Com|)any'6 answer .... Result ...... Further account call ''j;- by Lords of Treasury ..... Company's answer .... Further account rendered . New England Company's auditors V VA(iK •)«) 22 23 23 23 23 23 25 25 25 20 2(J 20 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 31 31 32 33 33 31 31 35 I VI CONTENTS. I'Aoa ISoG— IS70. Aiiiuinl accounts printed lor incnibfrH and rendond to Clmiitv ConiiniH- 1S20. 182;J. 1830. Ii3 35 30 37 37 37 1830. 1823-1834. 1838. 1S39. etc. 38 • 30 , 10 , 40 42 43 ns of 44 . 45 1839—1855. 1840—1808. 1843—1853. 1858. 1803. 1807-9. 1808-9. 1870. 1870-71. 1870. 1809-70. Bioiiera ...... L'mita of Charter .... A|);)lication of income in Canada Litigation as to titlics; IMildenliall, Sutfolk Questions as to gnmo Litigation between Company's servant and the rector of Eriswell Attorney-General v. New England Company. Suit aa to Game, etc Company 'a answer Subaequeut proceedings Decree .... Accouuta .... Mr. ITume'a Motion for Ectur the New England Company New Account-booka opened Estimated value of the Company'a pro- perty, and apportioinnent between the tiiree trusta . . . .45 Changes in Company's property . 48 Accounts ..... 49-53 Suffolk property ; Mildenhail tithe question Mr. Christy's Motion for Returns of the New England Company llight of Sportii g at Eriswell let to I'enanta .... Sale of Eriswell Estate to the Maha rajah I)ulee[) Singh Essex Cottages .... Purchase of Ground-rents in South wark Street .... Present property of New Englani Company in England Annual Income of New En)/; 227 22i) 22J) 2;{0 2'y.i 2H5 2;u; 2:i8 254 2G7 271. 280 2S5 ■I LIST OF CANADIAN PLANS. PKiK Gromul rinii sliowing sitiialion of Molmwk Cluiivli, Pa Honngo, aiKl Justi!iitioii, and Oneida School Lot . offer 71. Ground Plan allowing siluation of Tust-arora CImrcli, Parsonngo, and Scliool Siu-tiona, Kanyi>ageli Clinrx-h, Parsonago. and School Sections, and Proposed Sites of School and Schoolnia.ster\s Kcsidenee for Ca} ugas or Onondagas „ji^^. ^^ Map showing relative situations (f Jiice Lake, Pclerboro', and Cheniong Lake /ufaa; llJJ Plan of Cheniong L;ike Station i offer loO 307 313 3r>2 'l!| fcj i: NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. Founded by an Act of the Long Parliament Iucuri)oi'atcd by Charter Regulated by three Dicrcea in Chancery. 1. As to the Hon. Robert Boyle's FiiiuLs 2. „ Dr. Daniel Williams' Funds . 3. Charter Funds Dated 27th July, 1619. 7th Feb. M Chas. [II. 1GG2-3. 2:3rd April, 1792. Sth Aug. 1808. 2Gth July, 1830. OFFICERS, 1871. GoVEiixoii. Elected. MeyEK, JaMKS jjy^l, j.^„ i3(j3^ TuE.VSUIlElt. llEvw.)on, James ISih March, 18U7. AuujTons. Bkowell, Edward :\]Asn 18th March, 18G7. LisTEH, Isaac Soeey 25lh Jan. 1870. FOKl), JOUN W 13L1, J)^.^. ly^y^ Clekk. A^ennjno, Walteu CiiAULEa lOLh Jan. 1859. Accountant and Assista.nt C;-ei{k. Raci.nk, CuAiiLES FuANCis Lst August 1870. Land Agexts. Solly, TnoMAS E.-sex Estate. Allen, Robert l,',.„t j,,. XI :vrK?^iBERS. Dated July, 1619. eb. 11 CIms. [II. 1GG2-3. Xprli, 1702. .Vii^'. 1808. lulv, 1S3U. Nuiiies. Address. Dates of Election. illecteil. Fan. I8G8. larcli, 1607. darch, IS07. an. 1870. 00. 1870. ail. ISoU. nust 1870. iiHtate. do. Ik'll, James Spencer .... 1, Devonsliire PI., Poitluiid Tl., W. 13th May, 1857. Bo.siinquet, James Wliatninii . 73, Lombiird Street lltli May, 1855. cj Bowles, Ileiiry Curriiiglou Mvddeltoii House, Enfield, Middle- Bowles se\ 23rd Dec., 18fiS. Browell, Kdward Mash . . ,. Feltham, Hounslow 13th June, 1801. " " ' ' ■ ■•■^^■.•18, Rutland Gate, Hyde Park, S.W. 16th May, 1800. . 1, New S(iuare, Linculn's Inn . . SOtli J"ly, 1830. . Ascot Place, near Winilsor . . . ITtii June, 1870. Bury, Lord, M.P.'". v'5 ^. Busk, Henry William . . Busii, Wadswortli Dawson Carter, Sir James Cazenove, John . Curtis, Tliomas . Ford, Kdward .... Ford, John VV Fowler, Robert Nicholas, M Fuller, Benjamin . . . FuIKm', John, Stratton Gibson, Tliomas Field . . Gurney, Et. Kon. Russell, Q Recorder of London, M.P Harinan, John . Hey wood, James, F.R.S. Hoare, .John Gurney . . Union Club, Trafaltrar .Square . . 18th March, 18G7. .47, Pevensey Ro^id, Eastbourne .23rd Nov. 1815. a'- ■•''% Tiie Hall, Berkhempstead . . . 13tli May, 1857. ^^- j/,\h^ l'. Old Park, Enfield 11th May, 1855. 8, Walbrook 17th June, 1870. P. .50, Cornhill, K.C 18th May, 1867. , , - . Hyde House, Cliesham, Bucks . .30th October, 1838. *^' '^^ ': *^ „ „ „ 16th May, 1860. C, Broadwater Down, Tunbridge Wells 22nd June, 1859. , 8, Kensington Palace Gardens . . 3Ctli October, 1838. .73, Lombard Street, E.C. . . . 23rd Dec., 1868. . 26, Kensington Palace Gardens . . 25th July, 1851. . Lombard Street, E.C 18th March, 1867. Lawrence, Sir James Clarke, Bart,, M.P \>i, Wcstbournc Terrace, W. . . . 17th Juiu% 1870. Lawrence, William, Aid., M.P. . S»t, Wcstbournc 1'errace, W. . . 18th March, 1867. Lee, Thomas Yate Kinvcr, Stourbridge, Worcester- I shire 2nd August, 1850. Le Breton, Francis 21, Sussex Place, Regent's Park . 13th June, 1861. Lister Henry John The Heath, Hampstead . . . . 30th June, 1869. Lister, Isaac Solly 3, Laurence Pountney Hill, E.C. . 18th March, 186/", Margrave, Thomas Llanellv, Soutli Wales 30th October, 1838. -,,,, ', Mcver, James Forty Hall, Enfield 21st July, 1818. j'^/ Milner-Gibson, Rt. Hon. T. . . 5, Hyde Park Place, W 30th October, 1838. 'J. 1/ - Paget, Jolm 46, Euston Square 13th August, LS4L Scott, Russell 10, Cornwall Terrace, Regeiu's Pk. ISth March, 1807. Solly, William Hammond . . Serge Hill, Bedmont, Hcmel llcuip- I stead, Herts 25th Jidy, 1S5L Stratton, Samu.l Windsor Lodge, Gilston RoatI, West 22nd June, 1859. Brompton Twells, Philip 54, Lombard Street 25th January, ] 870. (^'- 'S/;| W: rren, John 19, Aldermanbury 18th March, 1807. r^ Xll MISSIONAEIES AND SCHOOL TEACHERS IX CANADA. PliOYINCE OF ONTAEIO, CANADzV. I. Grand liiver Slalions — Mohawk Station, Mistiionaiy . Institution, Superintendents . Institution, School Teacher, Boys' Department . . Institution, School Teaeher, Gii'ls' De[)artincnt . . Tuscarora Station, Missionary . Teaclier, Day School, No. 1 . " )) „ 5 . »> )> „ G . » » „ 9 . K;inyeagoli Station, Mi ssionarv Teacher, Day School, TS'o. 2 . » J! „ 3 . » >» » 7 . » ^J ,. 8 . Rev, Canon Nelles. Mr. and INIra. Bouslautrh, Thomas Griffith. Isaac Barefoot. Rev. Adam Elliot. Mrs. Elizabetli Powless. Mv. Daniel Simons. Mrs. Y. L. Beaver. Mr. Isaiah Josei)h. Rev. Rebei't James Roberts. JMr. James B. Hill. Mr. Alexander Smitli. ]SIi^:-s Elizabeth llyndman. Miss Henrietta iNI. Crombie. '^ *i^.': xm 11. Bice and Chrmonrf or Mitd Lakes Station. Missionary Eev. Edward Eiudoll Roberts. Ojibway Intcr|)retc'r .... Jaiufs Mc Cue. Superintendent of Cliemong School Mr. George Crook. III. Bojj of Qninte. Missionary Rev. Thomas Stanton. Master of the New Enjiland Company's School . . . Mr. Bishop. IV. Garden Elver Station. Missionary Rev. Jame.s Chance. COEIIESPONDENTS IN CANADA AND ELSE- WIIEKE. V. Sarnia liev. Edward F. AVilson. YI. Walpole Island . . . liev. Andrew Jamieson. \ll. Red liivcr Settlement . The Eight Eev. the Lord Bishop of Eupert's Land. VIII. British Columbia . . The Eight Eev. the Lord Bishop of Columbia. IX. Jamaica Eev. Hubert II. Isaacs. X. Ladies^ TVrst Indian Education Societi/ . Miss Barney. XL South Africa .... Miss Colenso. m ■ II XIV PREFACE. The following Report upon the past History and Progress of the Company has been prepared by two or three of the members of the Company, and completed at the request of the Court, with a view to its being printed and circulated among the members of the Company. Up to the year 1869 detailed Reports have been from time to time printed for the use of the members. The historical account now submitted, so far as relates to the present century, is little more than a short summary of the printed Reports, 1829-1869. For the two last years, 1869 and 1870, the present history is given in greater de- tail, by way of continuation of the former printed Reports. While this work has been passing through the press, attention has been drawn to Miss Ciiarlotte M. Yonge's ' Pioneers and Founders ; or. Recent Workers in the Mis- sion Field.' Macmillan & Co. 1871. This lively writer begins with a very interesting biography of " John Eliot, the Apostle of the Red Indians." She describes very gra- phically his labours among them from 1632 to nearly the end of tlic 17th century, and alludes to the origin of the Ordinance of 1619, as well as other matters connected with the early liistory of the New England Company. PRKFACE, Miss Yongc says, p. 10,— "Like all practical mm, Eliot found it absolutely necessary to do what he called 'carry on civility with religion,' i.e. iustruet the converts in such of the arts of life as would afford them wholesome industry/' Her sketch of " David Braincrd, the Enthusiast" (born, 1718; died, 1717), has a more melancholy interest. Miss Yonge refers to Jabez Sparks' 'Biography of John Elliot,' 183G; and to Jonathan Edwards' -'Biography of D. Braincrd.' I 'I' ^ I (; J r: 1019 " and " Enj liamc (livon tlie ]) godly own ] but n sorcei upon tion ( heathi fur the were school struct fit for couraj * See from 16 Ifli HISTORY OV THE NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. An Act or Ordinance* of the Loiisr Parliament, passed in ,, ,. IG 19, and intituled, " A Corporation for the promoting of Long " and propagating the Gospel of Jesiis Christ in New f„7('miunK' "England," recited, that the Commons of England in Par- uNewiOng. liamcnt assembled had received ceitain intelligence that poration. divers the heathen natives of New England had, through the blessing of God ni)on the pious care and pains of some godly Pinglish, who preached the Gospel to them in their own Indian Language, not only of barbarous become civil, but many of them forsaking their accustomed charms and sorceries and other satanical delusions did then call upon the name of the Lord ; and that the propaga- tion of the Gospel of Jesus Christ amongst these poor heathen eo^ild not be prosecuted with that expedition and further success as was desired ; unless lit instruments were encouraged and maintained to pursue it, universities, schools aiul nurseries of literature, settled I'or further in- structing and civilizing them, instruments and materials fit for labour and clothing, with other necessaries, as en- couragements for the best deserving among them, were * See this Art or Uriliiiance, iMp. 4."). in iScubcU's Acts and Oidinaiiccs, from 1610 to 1056, fol. 1658, 2iid I'art, p 06. B IIISTOllY Ol' TIIK [1049-1057. icr,;) i t Moupy col- lected. 1053. Littleton's Auiiiiitv. 1653-7. I'urcliasi's at Eriswcll, mill in Lon- don, and at I'lumstcud. 1053 Beding- field's con- tract. provided, and many other tliiii;,'s necessary for so great a work. The ordinance therefore professed to enact that there shouhl b^ a Corporation in England, consisting of sixteen persons, namely a President, Treasurer, and fourteen assis- tants. '\ he first members of this Corporation were named in the ordinance. The list included Richard Hutchinson, William Mullins, and Edward Winslow. The Corporation was to be called " The President and Society for the Pro- "pagationof the Gospel in New England," and was io have pov.er to purchase or acquire lands not exceeding the yearly value of .C2,000, and any goods and sums of money whatsoever. A gentM-al collection or subscription of money was to be made through all counties, cities, towns and i)arishcs of England and Wales for the pur- poses of the Corjjoration. Accordingly a very considerable sum of money (say £11,430) was collected by voluntary subscription through- out England and Wales, for the purposes jjointed out by the ordinance of 1019. Under the will of William Little- ton Esq. dated the 28th of July 1653, a rent charge of £20 per annum, towards the propagation of the Gospel in New England, was assured to the supposed Corporation out of landed properly la Aston in Here (brdshire. Before the year 1057, the supposed Corporation pur- chased the Manor of Eriswcll, and houses and lands at Eriswell, from Thomas Oedingfield Esq. ; and from other vendors, three houses in Bucklersbury, London, and a house in Knight Rider Street, otherwise Trinity Lane, London, and a hou^e called Suffolk Place, and lands con- taining 120 a. 1 r. or thereabouts, at Plumstead in Kent. All these purchases cost j£l 1,130, and all have since been sold except the Pluinstcail farm. By his contract, datey, to treat, contract and agree with such ministers, sc >ol masters and others, residing and to reside in any of the i)arts aforesaid, for such salaries, allowances and recompenses, to be from time to time made, given and paid to tliem and every of them, for their labour, pains and industry, to be taken by them and every of tliein, in the duties and employ- ments aforesaid, and also to treat, contract and agree with any other person or persons there, for clothes^ i 8 IIISTOKY or TflK lOfll-2. books, tools, implements and otiier ncoessurics for the civilizing, employing, educating, or j)].ieing out any of the said natives or their ehildrcii that shall own or pro- fess the Protestant religion in English families, and with and under English njasters there, or otherwise, in such manner as they the said Commissioners in their good discretion shall from time to tiin(! thiid< lit, and to content, pay, and satisfy all such contracts, bargains and agreements, and all salaries, wages and allowances to such ministers, seheolnuisters and officers as thev shall so contract and agree with, and for the clothing and api)arelling of any oi the said nntives or theii- chil- dren aiul for books, tools, iuiplements and other neces- saries for them an'^ for educating or placing them, or i.iiy of them, with or under any ]i]nglish master or masters there, in any tra(l(>, mystery, or lawful calling, out of such moneys, goods and chattels, as shall be from time to time sent or made over unto the said cori- missioners, so to be a[)pointed as aforesaid, or any of them out of England, or any other the dominions of H. M. ijy the said Company uul) New England afore- said, or any the parts adjacent in America as aforesaid ; and also to do, perform and execute all and every oihcr act and acts, matters and *^hings which shall or nuiy any way tend or conduce to the ends aforesaid, in such niannei^ and according to such orders ami insiructions as the said commissioners, so to be employed and in- structed, shall from time to time receive from the Company. These commissioners, so to be apjjointed, uerc from time to time to give an account in writing of their proceedings therein, so often as they should be thereunto re(]uired by the Company. One of the concluding clauses of the Charter begins thus : — " To the end that what the Company shall be seized, "interested, or possessed of may, from time to time, he I I 10 (I tit a ot of th. )! I r I i\C,C,\---2. i(;ci-2.] NKW F.NOLAN n COMPANY 9 is for the nt iinv of" vii or pro- and with c, in such their good t, uiul to , bargains allowances 5 as tlicy :; clothini? their chil- lier ueccs- theni; or master or III calling, 11 be from said corii- )r anv of 1 in ions of iud afore- aforesaid ; cry other or may , in such xtructions and in- roui the ited, were of their thereunto V.V begins )c seized, time, he ft 'MaitiifutiT itQX'rovijd, apjjlicd, and disi)osed for the ends, " intents, and purposes hereinbefore declared, and for the " necessary affairs and business of the Company, and no "other." This clnuse directed that the Comj)any should yearly, and every year if thereunto required, by and upon the order and warrant of H. M.'s ('hancellu- ir Keeper of the Great Seal of England, and of the Treasurer of Eng- land, and Chief Baron of the Court of Exchetjuer for the time being, or any two of them, make, deliver and declare a true and |)erfect account before the ClKiiiccllor or Keeper of tl - Creat Seal, Treasurer, and Chief Baron, or any two of them, of all and every the goods, chattels, and stock of the Company ; and also of the rents, issues, and profits of all and every the manors, lands, leases, tenements and hereditaments ; and also of all and every sum and sums of money received, issued and paid by or for the use of the Company. And these accounts the Chancellor or Lord Keeper, Treasurer, and Chief Baron, for the time heing, or any two of them, were required to hear, determine and declare, and (if they should fiml just cause) fully to ratify, confirm and allow of all and every the receipts, payments and disl)ursemcnts in every such account and accounts to be continued, nuide, and applied to or for the uses, intents and purposes aforesaid ; and, after such dcclarition and al- lowance of every such account and accounts, to sign the same under their or any two (jf their hands, and to deliver, or cause to be delivered, the said account and accounts so to be declared, determined and allowed of unto H. ]\I.'s liemendn-ancer of the Exchequer. In Michaelmas Term 10(5.^, Richard Hutchinson and 1002. AVilliam Mnllins and the Company filed their Bill in the ^i«' i^"P- /"i £• /-il • nil II T /■ 1 1 1 lltiul Colll- Lourt of Chancery aganist Ihomas Bednigneid, and several pnnj .s Suit other i)ersons, who bv reason of trust deeds, leases, and ''p','."***,. , , otherwise, were, or claimcil to be, interested in the property purchased of him. The Plaintiffs, by thei»'-,Bill, stated the contract of the Sth August 1653, and that El'lward Winslow, * M 10 HISTORY OF THE [1 062-1 r.f)3. 1GC3. Decree. llicliard Ilutcliinsoii, and William Mullins ucve trustees only in the ])nr(;liaso for tlie supposed Corporation, and stated the Cliurter, and further stated (among other things) that Edward Winslow had then lately died, and that Richard Hutchinson and AVilliam ^fuUins were de- sirous that the property should be conveyed to and vested in the Company for the purposes of the Charter ; and they j)raycd such relief tS should be agreeable to equity. The Defendants having answered, tlie parties being at issue, and witnesses having been examined on both sides, the cause came on to be heard before the Right Honour- able Edward Earl of Clarendon, then Lord High (Mian- celhir of England, when Bedingficld alkiging, amongst other things, that the property purchased of him was of much greater value tiian the purchase-money (f:7000); and the plaintifls, by their counsel, offering if the defen- dants could get a better chapman to take their .€7000 principal money and interest, and to render an account of the mean profits l)y them received ; the Court decreed (6 July 1GG3) that if this proposition were not accepted, the defendants ought to make furtiier assurances, and account for the profits by them received. After time had been given to Bedingfield to consider the plaintiffs' proposition, and Bedingfield had neglected to give any consent thereto, the Court of Chancery ordered that the plaintiffs, their heirs and successors, should hold and enjoy the property against the defendants, and that the defendants should join in conveying the premises to Hutchinson and Mullins, and their heirs, freed from all incumbrances done by them, to the end that Hutclunson and Mullins might, according to the trust in them reposed, convey the ))remises to the Company and their successors. And the decree also ordered that an account should be taken of the mean profits of the premises received by the defendants or their agents since the defendants' entry, and that what the Master shoidd certify to be due for 1662-1095.1 NKW ENGLANn COMPANY. 11 1002- mcan profits should be paid to Ilutcliiuson and MuUins for the benefit of the Company. In pursuance of this decree, the property was, in the vear lOGl conveyed to Hutchinson and MulUns in fee, and by them conveyed to the Company. The houses in Trinity Lane and IJueklersbury, and the property at Plum- CoVivey- stead, were, in the vears IGG'i, IGGi and 1GG5, conveyed ""^■•^»/" ' . .* the Ni'W bv tlic respective vendors thereof, or then' representatives, Eniriand to the Company. ^'°'"l'""y- The yearly rent charge of £.20 was never granted assured to the Company, l)ut after considerable litigation in the Court of Chancery was recovered and received by them up to the l:ith June 1G88, and the Company about i^gg^ that time sold their right and interest therein to one of the Sale of Littleton family for J:; 100. Auuuily'.^ Jiesides the property before mentioned the Company, at different times in the 17th century, acquired, by virtue of the will of William Pcnoyer Esq. in IGTO, an annuity Pcnoycr's of i-10 out of the rents and [)rofits of certain hereditaments called " Vance's," in Norfolk ; and by virtue of the w ill of their first Governor, the Honorable Robert Boyle, and a Boyle's an- grant or assurance made in nnrsuance thereof bv direction V."'*v' "' of the Court of Chancery, in IGUi.'),* a perpetual rent charge rent charge. of £90 per annum on the Manor of Brafferton, and on considerable landed property at Bratlcrton,t in Yorkshire, upon trust that the Company should employ £45 per anmun, one moiety thereof, for the salary of two ministers of the Gospel, to teach and instruct the natives in or near H.ISL colonies and plantations in New England in the Christian religion ; such two ministers to be chosen, named, placed and displaced, from time to time, l)y the Com- pany, as to them should seem most conducing for carrying on so good and pious designs; and the Couii)any were to give an account from time to time, when requested, unto * Sec A.-G. 1'. Corporation ol' Loiuluii, 8 LJro. C.C. 171 ; 1 'cs. jun. 243; 3 Mjhiii and Kci'ii, 349 and 350. t About four mill's from Borciutjhbridgu. ;j t( I t i I 'I I 1711. Doctor Daniel 12 HISTORY or Tin: [lfi95-171l. the lliglit II()noral)lc llit^hard, then Earl of liurliiigtoii, and li'iv llciiry Asliiustj Kiiig'lit and liarouct^ during their lives, atul alter their respeetive deceases, to their several and respective heirs, and to the President of Trinity College, in Oxford, for the time being, how they had be- stowed and employed the said moiety of the said yearly rent charge, and how the same had answered the end for which it was given ; and upon further trust that the Company should transmit the yearly sum of ^15 (the other moiety of the rent charge), i'rom time to time, as the same should l)c received, unto the President and Fellows of Harvard College, in Cambridge, in New England, to be by them employed and bestOMcd for the salary of two other ministers of the gospel, to teach or instruct the natives in or near II.M.'s colonics and plantations in New England in the Christian religion, such two other ministers to be named, chosen, placed and displaced, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College aforesaid, from time to time, as to them should seem most to conduce to the well management and carrying on so pious a use ; and the President and Fellows of Harvard College, once in every year, were to transmit into England a true and just account how they had employed the money transmitted to them for the purpose aforesaid, and what eliect the same had had, and this accomit was to be delivered to the Earl and Sir Henry Ashurst, during their lives, and after their respective deceases to their several and respective heirs, and to the President of Trinity College, in Oxford, for the time being. The Reverend Daniel Williams, formerly of Hoxton, near London, Doctor of Divinity, by his will, dated tlu; Wins' Will. 2Gth day of June 171 1, gave to the Company his estate in .lr?r.vMcn''nf Esscx, callcd ToUeshunt Becknam Manor, or by any other Essex pm- names, which he had bought of Mrs. Hannah Fox a/ias '""' ^ " '^ Bradley, with all the profits and advantages belonging to Coiupauy. him, affcr the daath of llannuh Fo and S. s. Stock, iiad also acquired by the sale of the Littleton rent charge, and by gifts or bequests, several sums of money, amounting together to £2,005 lO.s. The Company from the date of their Charter to the year 1775, from time to time in pursuance of their powers, appointed fit persons residing in or near some of the colonics or plantations in New England and parts adjacent in America, and particularly at or near Boston in New England, to be their Commissioners in America, for carry- ing into execution the purposes of their Charter ; and one of their Commissioners the Company appointed to be their Treasurer in America, with a salary of £20 per annum. The Company from time to time, up to the year 1775, re- mitted to their Treasurer and other Commissioners in America, or some of them, the whole or nearly the whole of the clear yearly income of their real and personal estates and effects, for the purposes of their Charter ; and they accumulated and invested the residue of their funds and income in the purchase of parts of the lands and stock before stated to have been acquired by the Company l)efore the year 1775. They also from time to time, up to the year 1775, remitted to their Treasurer and Commissioners in America, the yearly rent charge of j£90, and the sur- plus (after retaining the yearly sum of £G0 in the will of Dr. Williams mentioned) of the clear yearly produce of che estates devised by him, with directions to employ one IJiMuit- tunccs. /^ I* 1(162-1773. le whole 1 a small and two , half an ' estima- l)le land [died the muity of [.96-. 3^/. ck } and i charge, lounting : to the ' powers, ! of the adjaeent in New )r carry- and one be their annum. 75, re- ncrs in whole 1 estates nd they ids and d stock y l)efore I to the ssioners he sur-. will of e of die loy one 1062-1775.] NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. 15 moiety of the yearly vent charge of .£90 for the salary of two ministers, and to transmit the other moiety thereof, and the whole of the surplus produce of the devised estates, to the President and Fellows of Harvard College, agree- ably to the trusts of Dr. Williams's will. Upon or shortly after the decease of Hannah Fox {alias Bradley) two per- sons were nominated itinerant preachers under the will, for the benefit of the Indians of the Six Nations, and those resident near the Susquehana River in America; and the Company paid to these preachers the yearly sum of j£GO while they officiated as such i)rcachers ; and by reason of the smallness of this yearly sum, and the difficulties and ill-success which attended their Mission, the two preachers very soon discontinued officiating as itinerant preachers. The Company thereupon retained and accumulated the vearlv sum of £00 until on or about the 21st of !March 17G9, the accumulations thereof amounted to ,€1,210. 11.9. In discharge of this sum the Company then ai)prc)priated in their books a sum of .fcl,200, South Sea Stock, part of their sum of £5,000 like stock, and two persons being about the same time nominated itinerant preachers under the will of Dr. "Williams, lor tlie benefit of the Indians at Onohognaga, in America, the Company from time to time paid these two preachers and other preachers who were afterwards nominated, the yearly sum of ^£00, together vvitli the dividends of the j£l,200 South Sea Stock. This con- tinued from the month of jNlarch 17(59, to the month of March 1775, and tlum the preachers discontinued to officiate as itinerant preachers. The Company, shortly i)efore the begiiniing of the year Remit- T-„- •.. -^ i. .\ •" i. ^ • ■ " • taiiccs for 17/0, remitted to tfieir treasurer and commissioners m ]'ji^, America several sums, amounting together to .£325, for the service of tliat year. On the 28th of April 1775, the Company having learnt that several of their commissioners had died appointed several new commissioners to supply the vacancies occasioned by their death. The Company on Ill I i 'I '!■ ,,1 M; I" •ill I V ' I!, I i. ;i ;, t 16 IllSTOKY 0¥ Tin; [1775- -1770. the lOtli of November 1 775, ill eoiise quciice of the then disturbed sittiation of a Hail s in Ainerieii, r(MHl(>riii<^ a rneetinj; of their conumssioiiers there iinj)ra( tieable, sent Hemit- laiices SU.S pended. to one of their eomniissioiieis, who was or acted as the Company's treasurer in America, a letter requesting him to pay the Company's several missionaries and school- masters abroad (he being satisfied they performed their re- spective duties) their respective salaries, or such parts thereof as he should be able, without waiting for the orders of the Board of Commissioners there ; and at the same time on account of the then disturbed situation of affairs in America, the (Company suspended tlie usual remit- tances. The Company's treasurer in America, in consequence of the letter sent to him, on the 10th of November 1775, paid several of the Company's missionaries and school- masters several sums of money, and gave to others of the Company's missionaries and schoolmasters certificates of their having performed from time to time their respective Ci^iiifiLatcs duties. In pursuance of these certificates the Company, in the course of the years 1778 and 1779, paid several sums of money, amounting together to tJo98. 5,9. In April 1779, the Company sent to their treasurer in America a letter, desiring him to grant no further certifi- cates in favour of any missionaries or schoolmasters, for any services performed after the receipt of that letter, or at ^'^^'^^^''i"- furthest after Midsummer 1779, until the state of affairs iiicr 177'J. CcrtificaUs in America should admit of the meeting of the Company's counter- commissioners there, and desiring him to signify the same to the missionaries and schoolmasters. The Company, on the 19tli of JNlay 1779 (upon receipt of a copy of the minutes of a meeting of their commissioners at lioston, dated the 5th of January 1779, and upon consideration of their Charter), kf.solvkd that the Court did not think themselves warranted l)y the Charter in remitting money to New England, so long as that country continued in |iaid ill 1778-',) *^ \t Vvr il iiiii '4 '■ 5. < 75-1779. l77'.»-178;i. \KW KNCLAM) COMPANY 17 10 then 'nn''*^.'f . . . > n Auiiuity. with nine other provinces in America, been declared and acknowledged by Great Britain to be States indepeiulent of His ^lajcsty and of this kingdom, the receiver of the rents of the manor ;ind lands at Brafferton, in consequence of an intimation from the then Bishop of London, that it had become necessary to obtain the directions of the Court of Chan(!ery as to the application of the rents, rclused to pay the yearly rent-charge of J90 to tlic Company. The Company thereupon caused a formal demand of the arrears c 18 IIISTORV or TIIF [1785-1780. i. ,i'i !! 'i! . 'Il'i I'm ill ,1 ,1 &■ ' ill; ■ !i •» ilii ', 111 I 17sr,. Rcsohitiiji'.s mulcr Coimsd's ndvicu iiiiuiiisl cx- <'r isiiif? (lie Cliurlir trust;; out (>[' His :Miij(sty's doiiiinions. TiPnsfcr 1o N(!W Urunswick. New l^ruus- wiek Coiit- missioucrs. Allc'vnucis to New ]''niiliui(l Mission- aric.s. on (he ground o!' bo\nit y anil compassion. thereof to he made on their heliall', l)ut were then uual)le to ohtaiii payment thereof; and tlu; opiiiioiis of ^Nlr. Serjeant Ilill and Mr. Seott, afterwards Lord Ehh)n, were on the !23r(l of iNIay 1785, taken on helialf of the Company as to the k'gality of their e.veeuting the several trnsts mentioned in their Charter under the autliority thereof. After these opinions l)ad been taken, tlie Company, on the 2i>t\\ of April 178(), RKsoLVicn that the Company could not safely e.\ercisc the trusts of their Charter in any part of America out of the King's dominions; and also resolved, that they should transfer the exercise of their trusts to His Majesty's })rovinee of New Brunswick, as the part of America which was next adjacent to that wherein they had till that time exercised their trusts, and which in all the Charters of the Crown was considered as part of New England. The Com[)any, on the 2-Uh of May 1780, apj)ointed the Lieu- tenant Governor and Chief Justice of New Brunswick, and seven other fit persons residing in the same province, to be their Commissioners in America, for carrying into exe- cution the purposes of their Charter ; and they appointed one of these Conmiissioners to be the Company's Treasurer in New Bi'unswick, with a salary of £20 per annum. The Company, in consequence of a{)plications which ha I been made to them by or on behalf of three of their then late missionaries in New England, at the General Court of the 2-lth of Mav 1780, resolved to adhere to their resolution of the I'Jth of May 1779, for paying no more bills; but relbrred it to a Committee of the Company to consider what it might be proper to allow these missionaries, on the ground of bounty and compassion ; and the Company, on the 1 1th of June 1780, in pursuance of the recommenda- tion of the Committee, paid to these missionaries, and afterwards from time to time paid to others of their then late missionaries in New England, and to their tiien late treasurer and others in New England, upon the ground of bounty and compassion, and for taxes and incidental charges 785-1780. 178(l'17b7.] NLW lONOLAMJ COM PAN V. l\) untible Serjeant ; on the iiy as to Dutioned tcr these 25th of 3t safely America hat they Jajesty's ea which hat time rs of the 1(1. The he Lieu- •unswick, 3viiicc, to into exe- ipijointed .^reasurer im. hich ha I then hvtc rt of the esolution )ills ; but consider }s, on the ipany, on mmcnda- I'ies, and loir then lien late round of 1 charges and for the salary of their then late treasurer in New En}^- land, sums amountin;^ together to tl,llH. (5*. \d. The Company, on the 1st of Januaiy 178(5, paid the l?nniit- Presideut and Fellows of II;>rvard College the surplus of ,,',','!|j'|,'||,"",• the clear yearly produce of the estates devised to them by '^r- ^\'"«' ." " , trusts. Dr. Williams up to the 31st of January 17H5, ami subse- fpicutly paid the President and Fellows on account of the surplus produce of tluj devised estates accrued due after the 31st of January 1785, several sums, amounting to- gether to ei(5(). 8s. ad. The Company's treasurer having been applied to at the bogijniing of the year 1787, on behalf of the President and Fellows, for several books and other articles, and nu)ney, the Company, on the 5th of June 1787, desired their 1787. treasurer not to send over any more books or other Supplies , . , . , • 1 /• , 1 1 stopped, articles, or remit any more mouev until turtner orders. In pursuance of directions at the same time given to the clerk of the Comi)anv, a case was shortly afterwards stated as Co"nsd'3 to the yearly sum of £00, and the then accumulations there- taken. of, and also as to the surplus of the clear yearly produce of the real estates devised by Dr. Williams, and was thereupon sui)mitted for the opinion of Mr. Serjeant Hill and Mr. INTansfield (afterwards Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas), who concurred in advising the Company to invest and accumulate the balance in hand, and all savings of the last mentioned charitable funds, and to cause an Information to be filed against them by His jNlajosty's Attorney-General, for the purpose of obtaining the directions of the Court of Chancery for the disposition thereof. On the 10th of August 1787, the Company Invest- in pursuance of this advice, resolved that £1,251, the ijajances of balance then in their treasurer's hands, arising from the^'-^^"'*' lunds tor the support 01 two missionaries in the West Indies, should be invested in the purchase of Bank £3 per cent. Consolidated Annuities, in the names of the governor, treasurer and one of the auditors of the accounts of the : :!tt 1788. A.-(i. l\ l.niulni (.'(irporu- tioii, 8uit ns to I't. Kovlc's ttiinuity. 1792. Trusts di- nctt'd by Court of Chaiicrry for Hoylu's aumiity. Arrears of IJoyle's au' nuity. 20 HISTORY oi Tin; [17S7-17'.»l. ('om|»iuiy, and tliat tlir growing; income IVoiu rents and arrears of rent appropriated to the before mentioned purpose, as also the dividcMids acerninj; from the .11,200 South Sea Stock and from the Consoli(hited Annuities then direct(>d to be piwehased, as the same shouhl come into the treasurer's hands, shoidd be hiid out in tlie purchase of like Annuities in the same names, and that 1221. 1 l.v. 10^/., the bahmce then in the treasurer's hands, appropriated by the will of Dr. Williams to Harvard College, should be laid out in tlu; purchase of Hank V^ per cent. Consolidated Annuities in the same namer, to}.?ether with sucdi sums due and to f^row due for rents, also a[)propriate(l by the will to the College, as the same should from time to time come into the treasurer's hands. in Michaelmas Term 17H.S, II. M.'s Attorney-General, (at the relation of Dr. Heilby I'ortcus, tluMi Bishop of London,) and the Bishop, filed their Information and Bill in the Court ot Chancerv against the Corporation of London, and also against the Company and others, as defendants, for obtaining the direction of the Court for the application in England, or in some other part of His ^Majesty's do- minions, of the rents and profits of the Manor and lands at IJraflerton. By two decrees or orders of the Court made in this cause, and dated respectively the 23rd of April and the 23rd of July 1792, the yearly rent charge of £1)0 was ordered to be paid from time to time as the same should become due, out of the rents and profits of the Bratterton Manor and lands, to the Company or their treasurer for the time b(;ing, "in order that the same might be applied " by them for the advancement of the Christian religion " amongst infidels, in such parts of America as were " under the dominion of His Majesty." Li, and previously to the month of February 1791', the Company received several sums, amounting together to €1,035 for the arrears of the yearly rent charge of.t90 and invested the same in the purchase of sums amounting 1 17S5-1808.] N'KW LNOLANn COMPANY. L'l 'I tof^ctlicr to LI, 100 Miiiik t'i per cent. Ilcdiiccd Amiiiitics, in the joint iianics of tlie then (iovcnior, Treasurer, and one of the then auditors of the aeeonnts of the Company. By deeds dated 17th and IHth Juno 175)1', the Corpora- lion of London (to whom, as trustcjcs, the Hrall'erton pro- perty had been conveyed, 3()th and 31st Anj^ust lOO.l) conveyed tlie IJrallerlon property to "The Society for the "Conversion, and Hcli^ious Instruction and lOdueation "of the Ne{,M'o Slaves in tlie British West Indiu Islands," a corporation created by Royal Charter, 3()th October 17U3. The name of the Society was changed some years since; on the abolition of slavery the Society olituined its j)rcsent name, and it is now called "The Society for Ad- vancing the Christian Faith iji the West India Islands." Between the api)ointment of the commissioners, in May 17HG, and the month of March ISOt the Company from time to time remitted to tlieir treasurer and other com- missioners in New Brunswick several sums amounting in the whole to .£15,010. 155. Id. and goods of the value of .t;315. Is. Id. to be applied i;.y tlie commissioners for the purposes of the Charter; and also from and after the month of February 1791, until the month of February IHOl, re- mitted annually to their treasurer and other commis- sioners in New Brunswick, the yearly rent charge of t90, and the dividends of the said sum of i.^], 400 Baidv £3 j)er cent. Reduced Annuities, to be applied by them in manner directed by the Decree of the 23rd of April 1792. In pursuance of the Company's Resolutions of the 10th of August 1787, the yearly sum of GGO, and the dividends of the £1,200 Soutli Sea St'^ck, and the iicomc arising from the accumulations thceof respectively between the year 1775 and the month of June 1808, were from time to time invested in the purchase of South Sea Stock and Bank .£3 per cent. Coiisolidatcd Annuities, in the joint names of the then governor and treasurer and one of the then auditors of the accounts of the Company The 1780-1804 lU'n\iU!\ii- ws to Npvt Hrunswick oil nci'ouiit of Iiicoiiie of Cliarlcr riiiid, and Uoylu's AiMHiilv. 1785-1808 Acciiniiila- tioiis of Dr. Williams's iiifoiiic. M !^ Ilf 22 HISTORY OF THE [1785-1808. 1803. Attorney- General V. New Eng- land Co., Informa- tion and Answer as to Dr. Wins' trusts. Proceed- ings de- layed. balance [nhcv deducting the iilOO. 8.9. 8^/. paid to clie Prcsidcni ard Fellows of Harvard College, as above men- tioned), of the surplus of the clear yearly produce of the estates devised by Dr. Williams, and the income arising from the accumulations thereof, between the 31st of Ja- nuary 17^'^,-and the month of June 1808, were from time to time invested in the purchase of the Land Tax on the principal part of the same devised estates, and in the pur- chase of South Sea Stock an4-Bank .£8 per cent. Consoli- dated Annuities. Shortly before the beginning of the vear 1803, when these investments in South Sea Stock and Bank Annuities had accumulated to a considerable amount, and after the then treasurer of the Company had been applied to, on behalf the President and Fellows of Harvard College, for payment of the arrears of the surjjlus of the clear yearly produce of the devised estates, and the arrears of their moiety of the yearly rent charge of ^690, a case was prepared for the advice of counsel, as to the proper steps to be taken for obtaining the directions of the Court of Chancery, in pu suance of the opinions of Mr. Serjeant Hill and Mr. Mansfield, and Siho as to the i)roper parties to a suit for that purpose ; and Mr. Richards, afterwards Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer, upon such case being submitted for his opinion, advised, among other things, that there was no necessity for a relator, and that the Company must be the only defendants. In })ursuance of the advice of Mr. Richards and by the express direction of H.M.'s then Attorney-General, aji Information was prepared in ]\Iay 1803, and about the same tin^e the Answer of the Company to such Informa- tion was also prcjjared, and their Seal was ordered to be allixed to the Answer. Before any further proceedings were taken for obtaining the directions of the Court of Chancery, the Company received letters from several of their commissioners in New Brunswick, explaining the ill success of the Company's efforts to accomplish in New ,lfV 18U3-1808.] NEW JiNGLAND COMPAiW, 23 Brunswick the puri)oscs of their Charter, and resigning tlie lailurc of trusts reposed in tliem as commissioners. In consequence f.,|^|i n"^" of these letters, tlie Company, l)y the 1st of March, IHO !, i;il'orts in discontinued the mode they had adopted of appropriating swick. '""' their funds in New Brunswick. After making many enquiries of General Carlton, the ficneral then Lieutenant Governor and of other inhabitants of.,i"„'"f New BrunsAvick, the Company adopted the plans and re- oi'Ri'itions commendations submitted to them by Major General John ^ Coffin, one of their commissioners for earrving into exc- cution the purposes of the Charter. According to these plans and recommendations, the Company, on the 28th of January 1808, ai)j)ointed General Coffin, and five other tit persons residing in New Brunswick, to be their com- 1807-8. raissioners in America. Between the month of January ^^'^""'- * (aiiccs to 1807, and the 2 1st June 1808, the Company remitted New to General Coffin several sums of money, amounting in the ^'""swick. whole to £951. 10s., and sent him goods of the value of ,tl03. 186'. 2d. The Company, with the surplus of their clear income, ^cciiniula- alter making these payments and remittances, and with chauires of the purchase money of their house* in Trinity Lane, "'^^'*^- from time to time, up to the month of June 1808, pur- chased four freehold tenements, and an acre of freehold land in Eriswell, and 'he Land Tax on all their lands in London, SulFolk and Kent, and also purchased several sums of Bank €3 per cent. Consolidated Annuities, in the joint names of the then governor and treasurer and one of the then auditors of the accounts of the Company. On the 28th of January 1808, the Company (havinu; ,,, •' _ I ./ \ ' Attorncv- thcn, under the ircumstances before stated, a prospect ol'(;eii(rari". objects equal to the employment of the income arising from j^^'j|| ^t"?J the estates devised by Dr. Williams, and the accumulations suit as to thereof), resolved that application should be made to the ^^[^_.^ j^" j^^ * This house in 1654 cost the Conipanj' £650, and was sold in 1799 for je 1,200. 1808. ii(r^ 24 IIISTOIIY or THE :i.;! [1808. Court of Chancery for directions as to the appropriation of the same income, and directed the then clerk of tlie Company to take the necessary steps therein, and authorized the tlien governor and treasurer and some other members of the Company, to affix tlie Company's Seal to sucii answers, and other proceedings, as 'i)ight be necessary for obtaining such directions, and to assist the clerk in pi'e- paring a proper scheme for the disposition of the income, and on all other occasions where he might require their advice. On the 11th of February 1808, the clerk aci, iugly laid a full statement of the facts, together with the cases and opinions of Mr. Mansfield, Mr. Serjeant Hill, and Mr. Richards, and a copy of the Will of Dr. Williams, before H.M.'s then Attorney-General, for his directions. The clerk shortly afterwards instructed the counsel (whom the Attor- ney-General directed him to employ) to prepare the neces- sary Information and the Answer of the Company thereto, and such counsel thereupon prepared the Information and Answer accordingly, and on the 21st of June 1808, the Information so prepared was filed in the Court of Chancery. On the 25th of June 1808, the Company appeared and put in their Answer, so prepared as al)ove mentioned, under their Common Seal, and the cause came on to be heard before His Honor the then Master of the Rolls, on the 2nd of July 1808, when His Honor referred it to the Master to take such accounts as by the Information were prayed, and also to approve of a proper scheme or schemes for carrying the trusts of the Will of the testator. Dr. Williams, as to the Essex estate and rent charge, into execution, aiul any of the parties were to be at liberty to lay proposals before the Master for that purpose. The accounts having been taken, and a scheme approved by the Master, the cause came on to be heard for further directions on the 8th day of August 1808, before Lord Chancellor iildon, when the Master's Report was con- i| I ibUb.] NLW ENGLAND COMPANY, li) ■'3 firmed, with a qualificatio. added by liis Lordship. Tlie isos scheme, with this addition, directed that as soon as a pro- i)(.."^vu-" Dcr purchase couhl be found, the several sums of South liains' . . . trust. Sea Stock and .C3 per cent. (^Consolidated Bank Amiuiries, which had arisen, or niij^ht thereafter arise, from the rents and j)rorits of the charity estate in question in the cause, or from the rent charge of £00 per annum, should be sold, and the money arising from such sale laid out and invested in the purchase of lands manors messuages tenements and hereditaments within Great Britain, and that the rents and profits of such manors lands tenements and hereditaments when purchased together with the rents and profits of the manor and estate in Essex devised by Dr. Williams should be i)aid and applied by the Company towards the advance- ment of the Christian religion amongst Indians Blacks and Pagans in sonic or one of H.M.'s plantations and colonies and in maintaining, educating and relieving the necessities of the said Indians Blacks and Pagans, so far as such application in the maintenance education and civilization and relief of the necessities of any Indians Blacks or Pagans might be connected with, or subser- vient to, the purpose of advancing the Christian religion ; and in the meantime, until such purchase, that the rents and profits of the charity estate in question in the cause, and the dividends and interest of the said several sums of South Sea Stock and <€3 per cent. Consolidated Bank Annuities might be paid and applied by the Company to the same charitable purposes. The Company acquired by means of an inclosurc act and award (28th May 1807), a parcel of land, containing Egy^.^ j^. 6a. 2v. op., in the parish of Tolleshunt Major, otherwise closure. Tollcshunt Bcckingham, in Essex. In the course of the next quarter of a century the Com- Company's pany pureluised the Land Tax on part of the estates de- Es^px" ^^' vised by Dr. Williams, and also purchased a cottage in the ])arish of Tolleshunt Major (in which parish the principal 26 III STORY OF THE [180?. «! I ! 31 f' ,;i ii 5 rilil 'i!l! SulTulk. Upper Canada. 1818, July 2tn\. EriswL'll IiK'losure Award. part of the devised estate is situate), and also purchased the rectory of the parisli with the j2,rcat aud rectorial titlics withiu the said parish, except the advowson to the vicarage of the parish church thereof, aud except also the tithes of several faruis, lauds, aud hereditaments, coutaiuing in the whole 1078 acres and 5 perches, or thereabouts, but not be- longing to the Company, The Company also purchased of Thomas Brown Evans Esq., several tenements, cottages, farms, and lauds, containing 861a. 3r. 27p., with several shec|)walks, situate principally in Eriswcll, and a small part in the adjoining parish of Mildeidiall, in Suffolk. They also purchased a Dolvcr of Mrs. liramston, containing 50 acres in Mildcnhall, and two ti^nements and four parcels of land containing together (>a. 2r. 17p. in Eriswcll. The Company also paid €100 towards the purchase of a liouse and land, containing 400 acres or thereabouts, at Cramahe, otherwise Colborne, in Upper Canada, for a re- sidence for the Rev. Richard Scott, one of the Company's Missionaries there, he himself i)ayiug the residue of the purchase money of the house arul land. The Company also acquired, by an Inclosure Act and Award, 1st. the herbage of several public and private roads in l*]risvveil aforesaid, and of four allotments for public gravel, sand, clay, and chalk pits, for repairing the roads; 2nd, and — in lieu of the right of the Company as Lords of the manor of Eriswcll with Chamberlaynes in and to the soil of the commons and waste grounds in Eriswcll aforesaid, — an allotment containing 5Ga. Ir. 2p. ; 3rd, and — in lieu of their rights of shccpwalk or shackage and rights of common, and for their commonable whole- year lands half-year lands or shackland warrens borders heaths aud lammas land belonging to the ancient estate of the Company, — 15 allotments containing 4155a. 2r. SOp. in Eriswcll; 4th, and — in lieu of, and as a compensation for their rights of sheep walk or shackage and rights of coumion and for their commonable whole-year lands half-vear lands or shackland heatlis lammas land gcth s. • i 1S08-1831.] NEW LNGLAND COMPANY. 27 1 Af.'cuum- Intiuiib. and coinniou field laud bclonj^ing to tlio estate of tlic Conipauy, pureliascd of Thomas Hrowu Evans, and als ) iu lieu of, and as a full exchange equivalent a,nd compensation for two closes, parcels of the last mentioned (;state, which, by the last mentioned award were exchanged and awarded to the Rector of Eriswell, — G allotments, containing to- gether 1501a. Ir. 20p. in Eriswell. In the interval between 1808 and 1831 the Company novtrn- purchascd sums, amounting together to £7,073. 6s. 8r/. ][',',i','ij,g "" Bank 13 per cent. Consolidated Aiunutics and .^.2:2,057. 10.9. 10c/. Bank £3 per cent. Reduced An- uuities, and Exchequer Bills to the amount, with the interest and premium thereon, of £lfj,()92. 56f. 9^/. In 1812 and 1813, the Company sold, for nearly .€9,000, SMc of the three liouses in Bueklcrsbury, for which, in 1051, they j^'i^.^-iers- had given €2,080. ' bur/. During the interval between 1808 and 1831, the Com- pany accumulated such parts of the rents, dividends and income of all their property (including the estates devised by Dr. Williams), as remained unap[)lied to the necessary costs, charges and expenses of the Company, and the purposes pointed out by their Charter, and l)y the decrees of 1792 and 1808 respectively. These accumulations amounted in the whole to €12,000, or thereabouts, and were principally made within a few years after the decree of 1808, and before the plans and reconnnendations of ]\Iajor-General Colfin, then recently adopted, had come into full operation. These accumulations were to a large extent occasioned by the fluctuation both in the yearly iiicome and in the yearly expenditure of the Company, which was necessarily iucident to the management of property and the execution of purposes of the l.ke nature. Of course the Company were never at any one time seized and pos- sessed of all the lands, houses, annuities, stocks, exchequer bills, moneys and premises above referred to : — some parts of their lands houses annuities and stocks having been lit m 1 If k i'i' i 28 HISTORY Ol' Tilt: [1813-1831. 1834. Piirlicitlars of New Kiigliuid <-'0. s pro- perty. 1815. July. Lords of Treasury call oil New Eiifjlaiid Co. for accouuts. purchased with other parts of their moneys, annuities and stocks. By means of their accunndations, sale.'^, purchases and other changes of their investments, the Company be- came and were in 1831<, seized and possessed of all the al)ove-named lands and houses in Eriswell (except tlie arable land free warrens fold courses and other i)roperty, in lieu whereof allotments were made them by the Inclosure Award), and also of all the above-mentioned lands in Milden- hall and Plumstead, and the estates devised bv Dr. Williams, and the allotments and tithes at Bockingham, and the land tax on the same property, and the Annuities of £10 and £90, and a sum of ^£18,700 Reduced Annuities (including the before- nientipned sum of .£1,400 like Annuities), besides a cash balance then in the hands of the treasurer, subject to the current bills of exchange drawn by different agents of the Company upon and accepted by the Company's treasurer. In July 1815, the clerk of the Company received from ^Ir. Ilobhouse, as the solicitor for the Lords Commissioners of II. INI.'s Treasury, a letter to the effect that it had been represented to the Lords Commissioners that the Company had of late years applied their revenues to other purposes than such as were authorized by their Charter, and that he was directed to call their attention to that clause of the Charter by which., for the purpose of securing the due application of the funds of the Company, it is provided that the Company shall yearly, if thereunto required by the Lord Chancellor the Lord Treasurer and the Lord Chief Baron, or any two of them, deliver and declare the account therein particularly mentioned ; and to the further effect that he was in the first instance to request the (^'ompany (if they should think fit), to render such an account as would enable the Lords Commissioners to see what were the funds of the Company, and to judge how far their revenues had ^ien apj)lied to objects provided for by the Charter. Hut if the Company should refuse to render such an account he was 1H15.J Ni:W KN'GLAND COMPANY 29 to apply to the Lord Cliaiirollor, Lords Coinmissionors of tlic Treasury and Lord Chief Baron, or two of them, for a warrant requiring the Coini)any to account; and he tliere- fore desired to be informed, after his letter had been laid before the Company, whether it were necessary to obtain such warrant as aforesaid. The clerk, at the General Court of the Company, held 23rd of November 1815, laid this letter before the Com- 1 any, and thereupon the Company, being anxious to prove to the Lords, Commissioners that the rejjresentation which had l)een made to them originated in misinformation, ordered that the account referred to in the letter should be prepared and delivered to their Lordsliips or tiieir solicitor forthwith ; and likewise ordered their clerk to communicate to ]Mr. Hobhouse the foregoing order and to request that their Lordships would direct a copy of the charges made against the Company and the name of the informant, to be sent to them, to the end that the Company might render any further information which should appear to them necessary towards a full explanation of their conduct. The clerk of the Company thereupon communicated this order and request to ]\Ir. liobhouse. lie, however, made no answer to the Company's request. Li pursuance of the Company's order, " a true and perfect account of all and " every the goods, chattels, and stock, then of or belonging " to the Company, and of the rents, issues, and profits, of " all and every the manors, lands, tithes, tenements and " hereditaments, then of or belonging to the Company," including their annuities of £ 10 and .€90 (but not the estates devised by Dr. Williams, or the accumulations thereof), and showing the Company's rcceijjts and payments from the 8th of March 1813, to the 8th of June 1815, was prepared, and on the loth of December 1815, delivered to the solicitor for the Lords Commissioners, inclosed in a letter to him from the clerk of the Company, to the effect following, that is to say : " Sir, In pursuance of the order of the General 1815. Nov. Coiiijjauy's answer. 1815. Dec. Account reudered. UTf ■■«: ! I . ■f 51 i} ll'^ |i^ I,: i If H ' SO nisTOHY or THE [1815. " Court of the New iMijflaiid Company on the 23r(l ultimo, " >f \\]iic\i 1 iorwardL'd to you a copy, I have now the "' iiouour to enclose, for the information of the Lords Com- " niissioners of II. ]M.'s Treasury, an aeeount of the property " of the Company applicable to the pnrposcis of the Charter " of Kin^ Charles II. and of their expenditure, as recpiired " by your letter of the 28th of July last. The Company " are also trustees of other property not noticed in the " enclosed aeeoiuit, as its ai)i)lieati()n is not strictly confined " to the same purposes as the Charter property, but may " be extended to other objects, expressed in a scheme " a|)j)roved of by the Court of Ciiancery on the 8th of " Auj^ust 1808, and is subject to the control of that Court. " Although no information has been afforded of the parti- " cular con> plaints made against the Company, whereby " they might know to what points particularly to direct " their ex})lauation (which, as well as the i)arty making " them, I am directed again to submit should be communi- " Ciited), yet it seems advisable, for the full information of " their Lordships, to observe that no salaries are ])aid in " England, except to the clerk, the bookkeeper, and the " receiver of the Eriswell rents ; that those salaries are " very moderate, and that the governor, treasurer and " aiulitors, act gratuitously ; and further, in order to render " the accounts intelligible to their Lordships, briefly to " state the plan at present adopted for carrying into execu- " tion the objects of the Charter. In consequence of the " s(>paration of the United States of America from Great " Britain, it was in the opinion of the present Lord Chan- " cellor, the late Chief Justice of the Court of Common " Pleas and of Mr. Serjeant Hill, improper for the Cora- " pauy to remit money to New England, arul the Indians " in and about New Brunswick, as most adjacent to New '' England and under the dominion of His Majesty, were " considered proper objects of the Company's attention. " They there take under their care 35 Indian children. [1815. IM.-).] NEW ENGLAND COMPANY, 31 f I " who arc maintained in lOiij^lisli families, and instrneted in " the i»rinei[)les of tin; Ciiristian religion, readinfjf, writing " and also in some trade or hnsiness, hv the exercise of " which it is hoped that siieh habits of civilization as they " may iml)ihe during their early years may he jireserved. " This is conducted under (reneral ColKn, who is termed " the Su|)crintendent, with the assistance of religious in- " structors and schoolmasters, who receive salaries; and " these again are under the control of a l?oard of Commis- " sioners, who act gratuitously, and receive their instruc- " tions from the (!!omi)any in England, At a General " Court of the Company, held on the 21th November 1811, " the above plan, and the mode in which it had been " conducted in America, were taken into consideration, and " referred to a committee styled 'the Indian Committee,' " by whom a variety of instructions and oljscrvations were " forwarded to the commissioners at New Brunswick, havirg " for their object the correction and improvement of the " present plan, and its extension if that should ai)j)ear " advisable ; or, if not, then for the establishing some further " plan for the benefit of the Indians, on which the trust " property of the Con\pany above alluded to might be " employed. If their Lordships should wish to have the " accounts prior to the perit)d at w Inch the enclosed com- " uicnce they shall be furnished, although they will convey " no additional inlbrniation. Trusting that on perusal of " this letter and inspection of the accounts their Lordships " will be satisfied with the conduct of the Company in the " execution of a trust, rendered particularly arduous by the " exercise of it at a distance from England, and in a place " where so many local prejudices and difficulties arc to be " conil)ated, and that they will accordingly signify such " their satiofaetion, I remain," &c. Al)out the end ot P-ptcmber 1820, the clerk of the J,ff [^.(y^P- Company received a letter from the secretary to the Com- lnquiiy missioners for Inquiring into Charities, dn ted the 13th of gjoners. ' li'i 32 UlSTfMlV OF TIIK [1S2(). :ir. !!i^ Siptoiuhcr ]H20, wlicrchy the secretary re(|ueste(l to l)e (ninislied with a stateiuent of all the charities under the niiiiia};('uieiit of the; (/ompany, dcserihiiijif the name of the donor, the date and nature of the heuefaction, its annual amount, for what purpose j^iven, and to what purposes it was then applied. 1820. Oct. Thereupon tiie clerk of the Company, in pursuance of nuBwcr."^ * instructions given him at a (iciun'al Court of the Company, scMit to the secretary to the Charity Commissioners the following letter: " 31st October ]H2(). Sir, Y(mr letter " of the 13th ultimo, which was in the first instance sent " to the residence of Mr. Saycr, the late clerk of tlic New " England Com[)any, has since been forwarded to uic, as " the Company's present clerk, and I will not fail to submit " it to the governor and members. In the meantime, with " a view of saving the Commissioner^ for Inquiring into " Charities uinieccssary trouble, it will be proper I should " state that the greater part of the estates and funds of the " New England Company is destined and intended to be *' applied for the propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ " amongst the heathen natives in or near New England, " and the parts adjacent in America, and for the better " civilizing, rducating a)id instructing of the said lieathen *' natives ivi learning and in the knowledge of the true and " only God aiul in the Protestant religion. The remaining " part of the Company's estates and funds is destined and " intended to be applied towards the advancement of the " Christian religion amongst the Iiulians Blacks and " Pagans, so far as such application in the maintenance, " education, civilization and relief of the necessities of any " Indians, Placks, or Pagans, may be connected with or " subservient to the purposes of advancing the Christian " religion. It may be proper also for me to mention that " u'lder the Charter of the New England Company special " visitors are appointed. I have thought it right to trouble " you with this statement because, as the estatcis and funds ](( ^ 182 "o "f( "? "aj "C "d( " A It rn HI " do " Wl] " Co Til pcrfe last r with, niutic In as til Trcas and afl t« 1820-1823.] m:\v lnolaxj) company. 33 iliould of the to be Christ hind, better athen le and aiuing d and )f the s and lance, f any ith or istian n that special rouble funds " of tlic New I'^ii^Iaiid Company arc not ap[)licable cither " for tlic cidiicatioii or (otherwise for the benefit of poor " j)ersons in Knf^land or Wales; and as special visitors arc " appointed l)y tiie Charter^ it appears to ine probable the " Commissioners may consider that such estates and funds " do not come under their investigation by virtue of the " Acts of Parliament which regulate their powers. But I " must 1)og it to be distinctly understood, that so far from " intending this letter as an intimation that the Company " will hesitate to answer yorr enquiries, I have very little " doubt I shall be instructed to furidsh every information " which the Commissioners may choose to require and the " Company ought to give." Tlie Commissioners for Inquiring into Charities were Kusult. perfectly satisfied with the information given them by the last mentioned letter, and never re({uired to be furnished witli, nor in any manner applied for, any further infor- mation concerning the Company. In April 1823, the treasurri' received from Mr. Maule, 1823, as tlie solicitor for the Lords Commissioners of II.M.'a ' ''"," • 11 • riirllicr ircasury, a letter, which after referrmg to the letters written account and account delivered in 1815, proceeded as follows: " These I'""'.'' ''"' , ' '^ _ liy I, I mis ot '' papers, with others on the same subject, have lately been Treusuiy. " under the consideration of the law officers of the " Crown, and in conformity to their opinion and to Mr. " Saycrs' offer, T have to request that the Company will " furnish me, for the information of my Lords, a further " account of their receipts and disbursements, from the " year 1800. I have further to request, in conformity to " the same opinion, that the Conqriny will furnish a par- " ticular account of the wliole of their property, whether " applicable as they suppose to the Charter of King Charles, " or to any other object. The law olHccrs have also de- " sired to see the conveyance in 1GG3, from the trustees, "Hutchinson and Mullins, to the Company; and I beg " permission to inquire whether there will be any objection " to my being furnished with u copy of it." u 84 IIISTOllY OF TIIH [1823. Compiiny'n uiiHwcr. 111 :- Further IIIHlOllllt rciulciril. The treasurer, upon receipt of this letter, apprised Mr. Maule that it was not thoiij;ht eompetent Cor an oflieer of the Conii)iiny to comply with or reliise the rcijucst con* taincd in his letter; but that a (.'ourt of the Company was expeeted to he held in about three weeks, after which he would receive an oflicial reply ; and in the meantime to avoid the appearance of inattention, the treasurer informed Mr. Maule of what he had reason to believe would be the reply of the Company. At a Sjjccial Court of the Company, held on the 15th ISIay 1823, the treasurer and clerk of the Company were authorized and requested to make out and deliver the accounts requested by Mr. Maule: and it was at the same time resolved, on the ground that the Company Avere not compellable or authorized by their Charter, or otherwise, to produce any of the title deeds or copies of them in the v'.ay proposed, and on the general principle of not pro- ducing deeds unnecessarily, especially as they were not in- formed that the application was not liostilc, to decline in the then present state of the business, furnishing the copy asked of the conveyance referred to bv Mr. Maule. The clerk of the Company was at the same time directed to address a letter to Mr. Maule, to the cfTec- of these re- solutions, and it was at the same time referred to a select com: )f the Company to carry on any further corre- g*^ . or commmiication with the solicitor of the .4fy, and to take any further steps which they might ^m proper on the part of the Company, in conscque ■,ce of, or in relation to, the api)lication from the solicitor of the Treasury. Shortly after the Court of the 15th May 1823, the clerk of the Company sent to Mr. Maule a letter to the effect of these resolutions of the Company. In pursuance of these resolutions and directions of the Company, an account of all sums of money received, issued, and paid, by or for the Company, from the 31st day of December 1801, to the 31st March 1822, was made out, and on the 10th July 1823, delivered to Mr. Maide. 1823.] NEW KNdLAM) COMPANY. 35 After tlic (Iclivci'v tlicrcof mo iipi)lioation was ever made by the lionls C(>ininis8iouoi's, or on their behalf to the Company for any further exphmation or information. In pursuance of th(^ power to appoint odiecrs, containctl \,.\v K,i;r. in tiieir Charter, the Comijany from time to time cliosc '"''' <^'"'« ' •' _ _ . Ulllllldl'S. members of the Company to be a committee for anditinj^ the aceonnts of the (/omjjany, and there are (and have for many years be(;n) three such auditors, witli power to thi^m or any two of them to audit the aceonnts of the (Company. Accordinf;ly the auditors, or two of them periodically audit the Company's accounts and after carefully examin- inj? and compariuf? the same with the receipts aiul vouchers contained therein they sij^n their approbation in the marj^in or at the foot of such accounts. These accounts have for the last ten years and more been riintpil annually printed and circulated anu)nfif the members and rendered to the Charity Commissioners. The ancient province of New Euf^land (being the terri- I-imits of tory which in the Charter is called New England) is under- stood to have consisted of all that part of America lying in breadth from 40 to 48 degrees of northerly latitude,* and to have comprised those parts of America now called New Brunswick, Novi Scotia and Canada West. There have always been in and near to the territory in the Charter called New England and the parts adjacent in America, and particularly there have for many years past been and arc now in Canada West, manv heathen natives and their children, for whose benefit the trust estates and funds of the Company under the Charter, and +!ie rents and profits, interest, dividends and annual produce thereof, have from time to time been, an(i are now, applicable in manner directed by the Charter. In consequence of a memorial addressed in 18."2() to the Company by the lion. and Rev. Dr. Stewart, afterwards Lord Bishop of Quebec, * These liiiiils appear iu tliu Plymouth Company's Chai'ter iu the same (17lh) wiiUiry. y D 2 k ' 1; R I i 36 HISTORY or rut W«» •;• •■ •• '■^"1R2C. I ii 1820. Al)|)li('ati()ii of liu'oinc in Can:u!a. and ill co!isc(jiicnco of numcimis i^jj^^^ls ;«1i'l.?r^ij^irmuica-' tioiis from time to time rcctMvcd hy the Comi);;!!} iVom their Commissioners in America, and other j)crsony (several of whom were s[)ecially appointed for the puri)osc of making incpiiries there) tlic Company have, ever since the year 1S20, ajjplied a consichirahlc part (and fo''jn any -years, in- deed, the [)rineipal p' .) of the vcaj:ly uct income of their trnst estates and funds for promoting; and propaj^ating the the (jiospel of Christ unto and amonj^st the hinithen natives in Canada West,"^ and for civilizing, teaching, and instruct- ing the heathen natives and thtiir cldkh'cn, not only in the principles and knowledge of the true religion, and in morality and in the knowledge of the I'higlish tongue, and in other liberal arts and sciences, but for the educating and placing them and their children in some trade, mystery, (H' lawful calling. Up to the year 183 1, the whole of the clear rents and profits, interest, dividimds, and annual pro- duce of the Com|)any's trust estates and funds were for many years regularly and faithfully applied for the benefit in this manner of sevcrai hundred of the heathen natives and their children in Canada West,* and in carrying into execution in New Br Miswick the purposes of the Charter according to the plans and recommendations of jNTajor- Gencral Coffin. There have always been in such parts of America as are under allegiance to her Majesty, and par- ticularly in Canada West* many infidels for the advance- ment of the Christian religion amongst whom the an- nuity of £90 was by the Decree of the 23rd of April 1792, directed to be, and together with the income arising from the accumulations thereof was for many years before 1831, regularly and faithfully a[)plied. There have always been in H. M.'s plantations and colonics, and particularly in Canada West* and in Jamaica, Demcrara, Saint Christopher's and Nevis, many Indians Blacks and Pagans, towards the ad- vancement of the Christian religion amongst whom and in * Now the Province of Oiitni io. Wil 18:30-18300 NEW I NO LAN I) COMPANY. 37 whose inaintriiaiicc, rchication, civiliziilion and relief, the rents and profits of the (!statcs devised hy Dr. Williams, and of tin; projjerty i)y the s.iid deenx' of the 8th of Angnst 1808, direetcd to he [)urchased witli tiu; aecutnuhitions tliereof, w(M'e 1)y the hist mentioned decree directed to be paid and ap[)iie(h Accordingly the income of Dr. Williams's trn«t property was applied from year to year in this manner iu Canada and the West Indies. With reference to the (^om^jany's SnfVolk property serious questions arose on several occasions. Tu 18'2.'5, litigation as to the liability of the Company's land; ai)ont 100 acres in Mildcniiall parish, to pay titli(;j was commenced by an alleged parceller, Wing ; who filed his bill in Chancery against the Comjiany's tenant to compel the payment of tithe. On the death of Manning, their tenant, the suit was continued against his rci)res(!ntativcs. The Company conducted the defence, and ultimately, in May 1833, succeeded in obtaining the dismissal of Wing's bill with costs. The inclosurc in Eriswell jjarish took place under an award iu 1818. INIany liundrcd acres of the Company's land up to that ":ime were mere rabbit warren and sheep walk, and surroundrPANY. 41) In the year cndiiif; 3()th Jtino 181.2, the N. E. Co.'n general income and expenditure ^tood thus : — Received in En (//and : — £ s. d. Net rent of Suttblit estate 1055 19 2 1 5 1. 8 G05 1 () 89 5 2 9 2 455 4 >} „ SufTolk Place, Plumstead, Kent „ „ Essex estate Rent charge, l^nle's, Hralf'erton, Yorkshire ,, Penoycu's, Vances, Norfolk Dividends of Government Annuities . . . General expenses: — Otfice rent and attend- ^ ance, hotel charges, book-keeper's salary, law cliarges, stationery, etc. Net r Charter trust, £1120 \l 2 surplus^ Dr. Williams's do. 795 12 2 for L Boyle's do. 195 1 7 Eii'pended in Canada : — At Grand River Station At Rice and Chemong Lakes Station . At Bay of Quinte School, etc. . 23(58 13 251 5 1 2117 7 11 Expended in West Indies. . 1897 12 2 . 089 2 10 128 18 2 2715 13 2 50 2705 13 2 This expenditure ])elongcd to the three trusts in the following proportions : — Charter trust . .£181315 0- Dr. Williams's trust 700 !> 2705 13 2 Boyle's trust . . 221 18 2. 1*1 1 ■ li • '■'- ; : \ H ;i ■ i>() HISTORY OF THE [1840-55. On a review in 1855 of the Now England Company's accounts been changed, it was found that their net income and expenditure ill •i ;i Net Income. In year 1 1 ending 30tli Cliarter. Dr. Williams. Boyle. Total. June. £ 1572 1 £. 4GGG .¥. a. 12 *1840 £ 2833 s. 7 d. 3 s. d. ' £ s. 5 5 2G0 19 d. 4 18J;1 1325 3 5 818 3 11 190 18 4 2334 5 8 18i2 112G 14 2 795 12 2 195 1 7 2117 7 11 i 1843 988 4 2 729 G G 196 12 9 1914 3 5 18M 1345 13 5 929 4 11 207 5 2 2482 3 6 1 1845 : 1399 18 5 953 7 7 200 15 5 2554 1 5 ?S4G 1344 1 19 7 812 i 2 'l9G 5 7 ZOictj 7 2 ' 1847 1134 IG 1 7G2 13 2 170 19 7 20G8 8 10 , 1S48 167G 3 5 888 17 11 193 11 7 ., 2758 12 11 i 1849 1293 IG 5 853 8 11 191 16 6 2339 1 10 1 1850 1248 4 2 794 3 5 188 7 G 2230 15 1 1 1851 1258 17 2 801 13 3 193 12 2254 2 5 1 1 1852 1177 15 G 823 4 189 1 2 2189 17 j 1853 1280 2 7 G68 13 9 188 10 G 2137 6 10 1854 1580 10 G 902 19 51 198 11 G 2682 1 5| tl855 1201 18 7G2 3 lOf 186 19 5 2151 1 3J * Nearly two years' Rents and Dividends were received in tliis year, t Eyer since 1855 a statement ol' the xlccounts of tUe Company has been annually pi-inted for the information of the members of the Company. ';l f.,«,t 1840-55.] NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. 61 for Iho sixteen years since the mode of keeping the accounts had annually to 30th Juno in each year had been as follows : — Expenditure. Grand River. Eice and Chemong Lakes. i Bay of Quinte. ; Garden River. Wvoi, Andios. Total. £ *. d. £ *. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.\ £ s. d. £ s. d 2150 675 67 10 1500 3392 10 1889 2 805 22 10 271G 13 1897 12 2 689 2 10 128 18 2 50 2765 13 2 1G7G 14 4 483 1 22 10 1 50 2232 4 5 1975 577 3 45 1 2597 3 1 1880 475 67 10 2422 10 1G02 10 415 45 2062 10 1620 405 i5 12070 h 1712 10 410 45 2167 10 1711 12 2 350 45 12106 12 2 1G80 475 90 2245 1G31. 3 4 400 45 i 12079 1G05 510 19 8! 67 10 2183 9 8 1G30 425 1 45 j 2100 1172 3 4 450 45 1967 3 4 1350 525 45 . 6 1 1926 6 K 2 k i' < M iii • V. i 1 1 1 \, < , i 1 1 Mi 52 RECEIVED IN ENGLAND. Net rents niul iiiofits (less outlay ill imp/ovemcnts) : — Suffolk Estate Essex „ Kent „ Kent Charges : — Boyle's ... „ „ Pcaoycr's... Dividends llice and Clieniong Lakes 1 timber J Kaiiyeageh Church Fund ... Sale of Government Annuities EXPENDED IN ENG- LAND. Investments IlISTOKY OK THi: [1850-0)8 The New Eiij^laiitl Company's anuuallv printed 1850. 1857. 1858. ' 1859. 18G0. I 1861. & s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. | £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1603 7 11 1899 10 1853 IG 17U 3 11 1805 8 10 1801 15 s 1802. £ s. d. 17-15 5 5 321 1 6 1 449 11 455 7 3i 071 16 T\ 489 4 8 611 11 c! 583 15 4 728 11 86 12 6 10 130 I 117 7 8 225 14 11 176 1 63 2 6 284 11 7 96 H 4 *168 7 6i 97 6 3 92 1 3 ' 80 12 6 95 12 6 86 8 9 «20 o! 10 10 10 10 O' 10 (^ 1856-68.] Stateme 297 2 6 1 297 2 6 239 15 4 305 ! i I 962 4 S 1588 19 9 2952 7 1 13941 15 4 4416 1 302 13 8 2649 13 2 General Exiiunscs | 422 14 11 ,2220 18 6 EXPENDED IN CANADA. Grand River Settlcnicnt 1230 Rice and Chemong Lakes ... 700 10 10 liayofQuinte 45 (i.irden River Station 1 50 Colpoy's l?ny African Frecdinen's School "1 and Mis.siou in New > Bnm.swick J J^ishoj) of Rupert's Land ... Dr. O'Mcara Peter Martin K iiiycagch Church Fund ... EXPENDED IN JAM .\ICA. 2033 4 7 2382 10 5 318 7 1 377 1 3023 8 3 2005 14 11 2550 1930 275 035 215 4 208 7 8' 135 17 3 2400 2760 15 10 2893 4 1015202 4 (i 104 19 3 23 2 2576 17 10 2055 16 7 2870 4 8 2625 S 329 8 9 434 5 1 324 13 11 2320 7 10 2435 19 7 2300 12 'J 2130 1780 2080 425 480 505 3290 4 11 335 18 11 29.54 6 45 45 Oi 86 1 11 45 45 (J I j > 180 150 200 150 150 50 50 100 I 105 1390 715 4,) i l.).( ■ 10 2145 10 10 3250 ' 2700 2841 1 11 2560 2780_0 <> ^jj" * Two years' Reut Charges received iu 1856. [185G-08. \ printed 1861. £ *. 1861 15 611 11 96 11 86 8 1856-68.] NKw i::jglani) company. Statements of Accounts shew tae following results 53 1802. ' 1863. £ J. rf. ' £ s. d. 1864. * £ s. d. 1865. 1866. 1867. d. \ £ s. d.\ B s. t 10 135 17 3 ; 2400 ' 5202 4 (1 2576 17 10 2625 5 324 13 11 2300 12 'J ! 2080 505 " 1745 5 5 2110 17 12278 13 125,U 9 4 2678 18 112425 17 I 583 15 4 735 4 5 706 17 5 , 655 1 5i 648 12 5 ' 602 8 728 11 6 265 12 6 123 17 8 208 3 310 5 10 204 9 86 12 6 87 09 18 9 90 90 90 10 10 o' 10 10 10 10 130 2 136 2 136 2 130 2 13G 2 1S6 135 207 5 9 I 1868 rf. I £ s. d. a 2244 10 8 2 732 13 8 5j 345 15 7 Oi 90 0^ 10 2 3290 4 11 3374 14 2,3490 7 1 3891 2 387J 17 4 3468 15 ' 13113 9 3 335 18 11 370 18 3 1 624 1 11 357 10 636 1 7 574 15 2 ! 554 6 3 2 i 3422 19 6 309 10 3 21)54 6 3003 15 11 2866 5 2 3533 10 2:3337 15 9 2894 2559 3 1 2027 7 6 1 826 12 6 0, 45 O! 220 e 2780 (I l^il't I 54 iiisToiiY or THIS [1813-1860. i? i: 1843-1853 Milduuhull titlit.- questiou. 18C0. Com- promise. 1858. Chai-ity Com- luissioDers. Mr. S. Christy's mubiun in Paiiiameut. Mana(jement anu Salii; oi' Suffolk. PuopiiUTy. Alter the passin*;; of tlic griioral Tithe-cornrautation Act of IS.'iG, the question of titlie-cxeiuption again arose as to the Company's hind in Mihlenhall, and a tithe snit was commenced in 1843 by Sir Henry Bnnbnry, as lay impro[)riat()r in the Court of Chancery. Much litigation ensued in tlie Common Law Courts, and after an elaborate argument on four days, in IKK), in the Court of Queen's IJench, by John Paget I'^sq., one of the members o( this Company, in a cause of Flanders c. Buubury* {which was one of many appeals by way of feigned issue under the Act) ; the claim of exemption under the Mildenhall Inclosure Act and award was upiield by a solemn judgment of the Court of Queen's Bench (8th of June 1848). Some years afterwards, however, an action was brought on for trial by Sir Henry Bunbury, as impropriator against Fuller,t before Erie, J., Mheua ver- dict was found against Sir Henry ; the learned judge being of opinion that the Inclosure Act and Award were a bar to the action. Sir Henry tendered a bill of excejjtions to this ruling, and thereupon obtained, in 18.j3, a judgment in his favour. Ultimately, in 18G0, the Company com- promised with the baronet and obtained from him a release of his rights, if any. In January 1838, the Charity Commissioners applied to the Company's agents for information as to the Company's affairs, and under the advice of counsel the Company have ever since rendered annual accounts to the commissioners. In March lo58, on the motion of Mr. S. Christy, M.P. for Neweastle-under-Lyme, the House of Commons voted an address to the Crown for a " Return of the income and * 9 Eiohbquer Iteports, lil. u. t y Exchequa- llcportb, 111. 1858-1803.] NEW KNOKANl) COMPANY. 55 ' 1 i 1 ''^ i : 1 ■ ■M " expenditure of the New England Company, togntber " with copies of the Charter of Incorporation, and of any " subsequent Charters, Leases, Bequests, or other Orants " from which the present income of the Company is de- " rived." By the desire of Lord Stanley, then Under Secretary for the Colonies, the Company furnished a general statement of the New England Company's cash for the year ending 31st December 1857, and a balance sheet of the New England Company to the 31st December 1857, showing an estimate of the fixed property or capital of the New England Company, and the amount of debts due to and by the Company, with the proportion of capital and debts which pertain to each of the Company's three trusts, and a statement of the gross yearly rental and income of the Company, and a copy of their Charter, aiul a copy of the decree of the Court of Chancery in 1836. A London ncws[)aper, 'The Evening Star,' of April 3rd 1858, contained an article on the subject of the New England Company, referring to Mr. Christy's motion, and to the efforts of Mr. Isbister, in conjunction with Mr. Kingsmill, the chaplain of the Pentonville Model Prison, to obtain from the Company a small grant in aid of the Manitoulin Islands mission, and calling on Lord Stanley to divert the New England Company's funds to the Indians of the Hudson's Bay territories. In 1803, on the motion of some unavowed informant, lSfi:5. the Attornev-G'" oral complained to the Comi)anv of their ^^'"^'''. "' '' . ' . ' sport mi: nt mode of managing their Suffolk property, particularly as Kiisweii h t to the game, and l)y his direction the right of sporting ^" tcnunts. over each farm was let to the tenant at an additional rent. On these subjects, for a considerable time, frequent com- munications took place with him or his solicitor. By making numerous purchases of cottages and small Sulo of quantities of land, or by taking leases, the Company, by ^'.'^ ''." the year 1801, had aecjuired the whole parish of Eriswell DuIlti) r.i to 50 IlISTOllV or THE [18fi7. .!'! (except, of course, the glebe). They still owned their ad- joining 100 acres in tlie parish of Mildcnhall, On the other side of the parish of Kriswell, the adjoining land, to a great extent, had become the property of the Maharajah Duleep Singh. He fancied his sporting somcvvliat spoiled by the intersection of his land by the Eriswell bounds, and proposed to purchase one of the New England Company's farms. The New England Company declined to sell a part of their estate, and expressed a disinclination to sell at all unless they obtained an accommodation jjrice for the whole. The Estates Conunittee, on the 21)th of April 1?^G7, passed a resolution recommending to the Court that, with a view to reinvesting in land, the Company should sell tlicir Eriswell and Mildcnhall property at a price of not less than jfil'iOjOOO, if the Charity Commissioners should approve of such sale, and of the reinvestment of all or part of the proceeds in the purchase of land. This resolution was confirmed by the Annual General Court of the Company, on the 2 Lth of June 1867. The Company, having applied to the Charity Commis- sioners, a correspondence a/osc between the clerk of the Company and the secretary of the Commissioners, in the course of which, on the 11th August 1868, the clerk in- formed the Commissioners of this resolution, and added : — " In adopting this conclusion, t'ne members of the Com- " pany hoped to carry out the Attorney-General's direc- " tions, and to give effect to his opinion that laud is the best " investment for charities. Considering the exceptionally " large j)rice offered, under peculiar circumstances, by the " Maharajah, for their Suflblk property, the Company think " it their duty, in the interest of the charity, to sell the "estate; not with any view of permanently changing the " investment of their funds from land to stock, but with a " view to reinvestment, either wholly or in part (as eligible " opportunities offer) in the purchase of fieohold ground ''' rents, and other landed investments, diifercnt in charae- 1867-1808] \1'.\V lONOLANI) COMPANY, 57 " ter from their laud at Eriswoll. The peculiar nature of *• the Eriswell estate leads them to desire a change of in- " vestment. It is an estate which requires much skill and " attention in its management. It has been a fruitful " source of dispute, particularly as to the game and rabbits. " The requisite improvements demand constant supervision ; " the soil is of the poorest description, consisting of blowing " sand; the planting necessary for shelter requires to be frc- '' quently renewed. The trees will not grow many years in "any one spot; a belt soon dies off, and fresh planting must " be made on new and carefully selected sites, and the fresh " plantings require constant attention. These duties it is " not easy to get trustees gratuitously to uiulertake. Tiic "Company consider, therefore, that it will be desirable to " change tlie investment at a price substantially above the " market value, for other property of a nature less difficult " to manage. It never was their intention to ask the Com- "missioncrs to sanction anv particular reinvestment bv the "11th of October next. But what they desired was, the " recognition by the Commissioners of the principle of their " resolution of last year, that they are parting with their " Suffolk property, not for the purpose of convcvting it per- " manently into funded or other less eligible investments, " but for the purpose of availing themselves of suitable " opportunities, as they arise, to invest in the purchase of " ground rents or farms of a less sporting character, and "less difKcult to manage, — first obtaining, in each case, of "course, the sanction of the Conmiissioners, and making it " an indispensable condition that the income of the charity " shall be, ])y the investment, increased materially beyond "its now present amount." In the course of this correspondence, the Commissioners suggested, in letters dated the X^Oth of July and .'iOth of August 1808, some slight alteration of the terms of the Company's contract of sale, and on the 2nd day of Septem- ber IhfS, the Company, at a Special Court, Resolved : — 58 HISTORY or TIIK [ISfiS. i!l,:i m\ \i\ Resolutions of Sj){;L'ial Gciicnil Court. 1. Tliat the rccomnuMi(lalion of the Charity ('ommis- siouL'i's, contained in the two U;ttcrs referred to, he adopted, and thi't the Com[)any proceed with the sale iu accordance with ^he su^i^estions contained iu those letters. 2. That after the completion of the sale of tlie Erisw(.'ll and Mildenhall property, the Company should make appli- cation to the Charity Commissioners for their sanction to re-invest the whole or part of the purchase money iu land or freehold ground rents, or Covernmcnt securities, when- ever eligible opportunities should arise for so doing. 3. That subject to the sanction of the Charity Commis- sioners, the whole of the expenses of tlie sale of the Suttblk estate should be defrayed Ijy the veiulors and purchaser iu equal moieties. The warrant of the Charity Conunissiouers, 2-lth Nov. 18G8, authorizing the sale of the Eriswell estate, and the iuvestment of the proceeds in consols, until re-iuvested iu the purchase of other real estate, was as follows : — " Charity Commission )) Wamnt of " Ii* the matter of the Company for the Propagation of Cluiiity '< t^i,(. Gospel in New England, and the parts adjacent in sioiiuis " America, commonly called the New England Company. sanctioning salcaiulre- ,, „ -t tt -mt t\ investment. SaLE TO ills HiGHNKSS THE MaHAKAJAH DulEEP " Singh. " The Board of Charity Commissioners for England and " Wales, being satisfied by the representation of the Go- " vernor and Treasurer of the above-mentioned Compan^^, " and by a report from Messrs. Clutton and Company, of " No. 9, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster, land " surveyors, that it will be advantageous to this Charity to " cfl'ect the sale of the property known as the Eriswell " Estate, with the appurtenances belonging thereto, de- " scril)ed in the schedule hcn'cunder written, upon terms " expressed iu au agreemeiit dated the 30th day of March w i;i l; 180b.] m;w i;n gland comi'anv. 59 " 18G8, niadt! between James IlcywcMid, the treasurer of "the C'ornpany, and Walter Charles Venning, the elcrk of " tlie same Company, as aj^ents for and on behalf of the " same Company, of tlu; one part, and Frederic Ouvry, as ■'agent for and on l)ehalf ot liis Highness the Maharajah Duleep Singh, of the other part, do, npoii the apphcatiou " of tlie said Company, hercl)y authorize them uithin six " calendar months from the date of this order to sell the "said hereditaments, upon the terms expressed in the said " agreemcntj and to do and execute all proper acts and ** assurances for carrying the said sale into eil'eet, and to " give a conclusive discharge to the purchaser for the said " purchase-money. " And the :iaid Board do furtlier direct that the said " purehase-monry, subject to any deductions to be pro- " perly made therefrom by the Company, and of which an '' account siudl have been subnutted by them to, and ap- " proved by, the said Hoard, shall he paid or remitted by " tlie said Company to the banking account of ' The " Odicial Trustees of Charitable I'uiuls,' at the Bank of " England, by whom the same shall be forth witli invested " in the purchase in their name of Consolidated Three " pounds per Cent. Annuities, to be held by them in trust " for the said Company until the same shall be converted " and re-invested under the order of a competent court, " or of the said Board, in the purchase of other real " estate, to be held ujion the same trusts; and that the " dividends to accrue due in respect of the said annuities " shall in the meantime be remitted by the said odicial " trustees to tlie treasurer for the time being of the said " Company, or otherwise as the Company from time to " time shall direct, in order to be applied by the Com[)any " to the j)urposes of the said Charity, and as part of the " yearly income thereoi', in lieu of the yearly rents and " profits of the hereditaments sold under the authority of " this order." 60 IlISTOHY or TIIK "THE SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO." "Description of Farm'?, etc. Situation. Erlgwvll. ' MlUluiilmll. 'I'utiil. Mniiics u( Tunniits. A. 1514 •• EriswcU Hall Farm . . " Chamberlain's Hall " Farm . 1355 " Uakc Hoatli Farm " High Lodgo Farm •' Spark's Farm 124() 1403 277 226 I 55 r. 13 A. 37 42 21 11 29 27 Oi 9 16 2 5 34 15 11 37 19 51 6! 39 1 6 2 " Church Farm " Mills Cottaffcs and Farm "The Chequers puldic house "and land 17 13 25 *' The Bell public hou.se and "land " Beck Farm and Cottages " House and land in the village, " late Murray's " House and land, late Rutter- " ford's " Blacksmith's shop and land . " Cottage and land .... " Cottage and land .... " Cottage and garden allotments 49 | 2 " High Fen, depastured by cot- 1 j " tagcrs' cows 51 , " Sundry small (luautities of | " land attached to school ; " carpenter's shop, etc. . . 2 2 " Plantations on the whole " estate, wiiich are reserved to " the Company in all their " leases, and consist of . . 276 1 32 10 ' 18' 19 30 I 34 I 12 33 B V. 13 9 11 A. B. 1514 1 1397 1 1246 1403 304 1 1 3 242 6 70 1 2 2 17 3 11 37 1 1 2 19 1 2 2 1 1 49 2 51 2 2 270 1 6665 2 13 George and Frank Gay ford. 11 ' Late Thomas Ro- bertson, now Ja- bez Place. 21 John Pearmain. 11 John Webb. 2 i Mrs. Jane Horrex's i executors. 18 Thos. Elliot Fiske. 5 I William Smith. George Tyrrell Bar- 25 ; nard. 39 .John Serjc <> George Tcrrington 32 Unoccupied. 10 James Woodruffe. 18 S. Gathercole. 19 James Peck. 30 J. Cox (late Mrs. Gathercole). 34 Sundry tenants. 12! 33 In hand. . " Tlie manor or rcputcil manor of Eriswoll with Chamberlayncs and the rights " belonging thereto. All other manors and hereditaments in the county of Suffolk, '' belonging to tlie Company, whether freehold, copyhold, or held for terms of years." mil l!iflf>-lfl70l NEW KNOLAND COMI'ANY. 01 III Jamiary 18GD, the ("onipany completed the sale of their Suffolk farms, to the Maharajah Dulccp Singh, and received £120,000 for the purchase raoney. After pay- ment of all expenses, the surplus was invested in the cor- porate name of " The Oificial Trustees of Charities " in the purchase of £98,318. 95. Consols, on account of their char- ter trusts, and i^'.'9,050. 6s. \0d. New 3 per Cent. Annui- ties, on account of Dr. Williams' trusts. Towards paying for six labourers' cottages, built by the Ksscx cot- Company in 18G8-9, at l?cckinghain, in I'jsscx, a sum of "^"" .€(161'. 35. lOd. New 3 per Cents, was, by order of the Charity Commissioners, sold in June, 18G9.* In January 1870, the Company, with the sanction of Purchnse o( the Charity Commissioners, bought ground rents in South- ^^'>""'^^''"'^' wark Street, in the Borough, amounting to ,£1'95. 10.9. per i,'rouiul amium, arising from six warehouses, for \t 13,480. This '^^" "* sum was raised by sale of £14, 188. 9.y. 3r/. Consols in the months of February and March, 1870, when the purchase was completed. A small amount of interest, and the costs, were paid by the Company out of income. 'The ground rents ai'c received on leases granted in each case for 80 years from Lady Day 1806. The reversion in fee expectant on these leases is included in the Company's purchase. * The Cottages cost in 18G8 i;200, and in ISCJ dE401. 17s. 4,d. M .!• I 62 IITSTOHY OF TIIK [1870-1871. TiiK Company's English Piiopkkty. Present J. Tho Kuglisli property of the Company (in 1870 subject pmiHTly of , _, _ _ r ,t • 1 , \ _ • . /• ,1 /. 11 N.K.C. in England. to tlic trusts of their charter), consists of the I'oUowing particulars : — 1. The Suflblk Place Estate, at Plumstcad, in Kent, with the land tax redeemed ; rent .■feSHO a year. 2. Penoyer's rent charge on Vances in Norfolk, .€10 a year. 3. Six warehouses on the south side of South wark Street, Borough, subject to building leases. The ground rents till Lady Day It) 16, are .€105, .€GG. IOj., £57, £162, £55 and £50. Total, £495. lO*. 4. £83,829. 19.s'. Od. Consols, in the corporate name of " The OlTicial Trustees of Charitable Funds." 5. £233. 12s. lid. Reduced Annuities, in the Company's own name. II. The property of the Company subject to the trusts of Boyle's rent charge remains unaltered, and consists in 1870 of the following particulars: — 1. The Braffcrton rent charge, .£90 a year. 2. £4,300, Reduced Anmiities, in the Company's name. III. The property subject to the trusts of Dr. Williams' estates, consists in 1870 of the following particulars : — 1. Tho Essex farms and cottages, with the land tax redeemed. 2. The great tithes of their own land, and of some other land at Beckingham, in Essex. 3. £28,392. 3.9., New 3 per Cent. Annuities, in the corporate name of the Official Trustees of Charitable Funds. ls7< o H A M O S5 T3 o u is Q o » 1^ 1H70.] NKVV ENOl.AND COMPANY. 68 si o Ph CO l-H H o >" 'h Si < TS U (U 'A •c u O u (U b Q o S H 1^ e2 o a, 2rt as CO CI o o o o o 05 o o o o c .— 1 ;0 r-H Oi «♦? o o 05 o o • •^ ci o s ;3« , »o o * (—1 ?=H 1— I Q 1^ >o s « crt X He 00 X o o CI in «^ "S '^C • d O c Ci 3 ^ . r^ O O c T^ ' u *° rH • r-^ QJ fi tc -2 g a 0. C3 "3 rr. 1 -t-> a O a 2 -a EH C3 Reu hire ^ ts h ) o M iH .C o 1/3 H S s s 1/3 ^ o -a d ^•>^ g^ O ^ rt pq P^ w P^ •Si a a «3S o P ^ . f^ o CO I -*j U 3 -d ,bp ^ 3 ■w O fe CO «2 to m .3 '3 "3 -« 4) 4) a c -S to*-" ^ O 1) ^ -1; o u # 4J !! I 'l 1 i 64 HISTORY OF THK [18(59-70. RECEIPTS AM) PAYMENTS in 18(59 and 1870. Received in England. Net Rents and Profits (less outlay in improvements) : — Erisvvell Estate, Suffolk . Eeckingham ,, Essex Pluinstc.'ul ,, Kent Southvvark Ground Rents Rent Cliarges : — Boyle's . Penoyer's Dividends Sale of Eriswell Estate, less ex penses Sale of Government Annuities Extended in England. Investments General Expenses Expended in Canada. Grand River Settlement . . Commission to Grand River Chemong and Rice Lakes . Bay of Quinte Garden River Pupils, at Hcllmuth College „ per Bishop of Huron . „ ,, Bishop of Rupert's Land ,, at Alexandra College, Belleville Sarnia Mission Walpolc Island Expended in British Colu.mbia „ ,, Jamaica „ „ SouTi: Africa . . . 1809. £ s. 1713 3 4 029 2 103 3 4 90 10 2331 10 4 ^,529 ■1 7 001 1 10 ; 1870. £ s. d. .^.,.. 10 3 215 1 229 3 4 10 3900 9 7 13,180 124,100 ',) 5 18,155 7 2 118,931 1 11 13,480 5,109 3 4,975 7 2 714 13 9 989 15 8 4,451 10 4 3,985 11 2,005 2 5 3,191 13 400 874 1 008 3 4 75 45 275 200 215 253 8 50 50 37 10 25 25 20 20 10 100 70 80 20 20 5,088 3 1,301 10 11 1870-1871.] NEW KNGLAN.D COMPANY. 65 7 2 7 5 2 8 4 8 The Company's Canadtvx Propkhty. Besides their English property, the Company hold some property in Canada. Absolute Under a Colonial Order in Council, dated 4th of January Grant to 1835 (Sir John Colborne, K.C.B., being Governor), a "'"P""^- grant, dated 13th of February 1836, and recorded 8th of of July 1836, was made to the New England Company and their successors of: — acres. 1. The Mohawk Mission School lots 10\ qq and 50J ' ' ■ 2. Oneida Mission School lot 96 3. Onondaga „ 100 ^. Delaware „ 100 356 and sundry small allotments about 4 Acres 300 Under an Order in Council, dated 12th of October 1837 Grant to (Sir Francis Bond IIea. 235. Thr Minute booki now in the Company's po.->scssiou begin in 1770. I j NICW KNOLANU COMTANY. 71 1759 — 1701, James Lanibc. 1701 — 1705, Dr. Benjamin Avery. 1705 — 1772, Jasper Manduit. 1772—1780, William Bowden. 1780—1787, Richard Jackson. 1787, May to July, Israel Mauduit. 1787—1807, Benjamin Way. 1807—1817, Sir William Poppcrcll, Bart. 1817—1832, William Yauglian. 1832—1838, Edward Busk. 1838—1843, James Gibson. 1813—1853, Isaac Solly. 1853—1808, Edward Thomas Busk. 1808 — James Meyer. TUEASURKRS O- TIIK NeW EnGLAND CoMPANV.* 1002— Ilcin- ^:;iurst. *J5 5fC 5j» 'J^ 'f* ^f* — 1720, Jo»c-£)h Thomson. 1720—1729, John Gunstou. 1729—1748, Joseph Williams. 1748 — 1705, Jasper Mauduit. 1705—1773, Thomas Wright. 1" , — 1791, Alexander Champion, sen. 1 )1 — 1809, Alexander Champion, jun. 1809—1838, James Gibson. 1838—1844, Jacob Hans Busk. 1844—1859, John Fuller. 1859—1807, Joseph Busk. 1807 — James Hey wood, F.ll.S. Ou the resignation of ^Ir. Fuller in October 1858, a Special C(»urt of the Company passed the following resolution : — "That this Court requests the Governor to open a * Between 1662 ami 1720 there m:iy not at all tiiiathavc been u trtasiirtr, so far at least as tlie niiiiulcs show. |: If 11 m i i I 73 NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. 1h " Banking Account with Messrs. Barnett and Co., witli " instructions to honour liis drafts on this account. And " tliis Court further requests the Governor to receive any " sums of money which may be due to the Company, and " to give receipts for the same, and to pay any sums of " money which may be due from the Company, and to super- " intend the corresi)onden"T of the Company, and to " authorize their missioiiaries, Messieurs Nclics, EIHot, " Gilmour, O'Mcara and Anderson, to draw on him in- *•' stead of the Treasurer. And this Court requests the "Treasurer at is convenience to pay his balance in hand " to Messrs. Barnett and Co., to the credit of the (^Jom- " pany's account, and (thus far relieved from respon- "sibility) continue to hold his o (lice till the appointment " of liis successor. And this Court requests the Auditors " without delay to audit the Treasurer' &• account, to report " to the Governor the amount of the bp.lraice, if any, and " to whom due. And this Court refers it to the Special " Committee to consider the future duties of their officers, " and to report thereon at their early convenience." " The Treasurer being present expressed his gratitude " to the Company for the arrangements made by them for " his convenience." At a Special general Court of the (^)nipany held on tlie 10th of January 18.51), Mr. Fidler's resignation was accepted, and his successor appointed. itli Lnd my iiul i of )er- to iot, in- the and )m- 011- iCnt tors lort and cial ers. HISTORY OF THE NEW ENGLAND COMPANYS PROCEEDINGS FOR CARRYINQ THEIR OBJECTS INTO EFFECT ludc for IN CANADA AND JAMAICA AND ELSEWHERE. Itlie ivas 1823-1870. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) id. 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ mil 2.2 1 1^ 2.0 1.8 i-4 IIIIII.6 7 <^ //, c3 C) / E^ w^.- i I iTT KXTlJACr l-UOM MAP OF THE Sc-.ilc H !■ (liaius lo ,'ui Iiitli Xlt Thr ilrfftf/ Inn sinixsl/n /i(.\l/i(ii il lilt Idiiil il Ihr NEW ENGLAND COMPANY \\\\\ N r F () iu) J ,\ \ X' EAST PART OF \' L0T„N°2 ^o^, A SIteofthB •''/'j O1.6 lN6TlTt>tlON PUBLIC ROAD ^««a He o^ \l^ t*^^ <0» to V.V. SCHOOL HS LOT '...'/ Vw^f^''^ S/teofthc / *'^* ':>6o.,. OlU iNfiTITDtlON ^U 1 .. D/NG5 /<' // /4'^-, '^^^^ •^- a: Dr.ilnl Si't I h',, I, ill sciiK 1)1- i,r, Miliiihk I'liiSi'iiiiifi l.tt Mr/nnd Mixsnii Sch'' Lcl lui.d I), I ft I'..nlii\i\'i' vl' llh liM- svA.v it' liisf" Jhulihiii}- '1 ('( :,(• cr X .'»( K ( (' ( titi ■'>t> ('(■ , ,',(' / .',(' ^fSU .-i s if. M hi-f, jI- if) r NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. 75 HISTORY OF THE NEW ENOLAN]) COMPANY'S PROCEEDINGS for Carryinc; tiikir Oiuiccts into Effkct in CANADA AND JAMAICA AND ELSEWHKRE. 1823-1870. t! CANADA. Gross abuses, brought to ligbt in 1822, in working General CofHn's system of apprenticeship, decided tlic Company to discontinue their Sussex Vale establishment, and they sought diligently for other fields of operation in New IJrunswiek, Nova Scotia and Canada. In a few years they transfeired their labours to several other stii- tions, and i)articnlarly to four spots in Canada. First, among the jNIohawks and other Six Nations In- dians settled on the bank? of the Grand River, near Lake Eric. Secondly, on the shores of two smaller lakes, Rice Lake and (Mud or) Cheinong Lak(>. Thirdhj, on the shore of the Bay of Quinte, N.E. of Lake Ontario, and — Fourthly, on the banks of the Garden River, near Sault Ste. Marie. ►Stations near the Grand River on the Reserve of THE Six Nations Indians. The Indians of the Six Nations, the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senceas, and Tuscaroras, in tlic American War of Independence, proved themselves loyal to the British Crown, and after the Declaration of Inde- ])cndence migrated from the S. side of Lake Ontario to dittercnt parts of Canada, and prineiiialiy to the N. sido 'f Lake Erie. In. Kill I 7C (JRANl) RIVER, [1823. As a reward to tlu; Indians for their loyalty, and to provide tliein nilh linutiiig grounds, a tract of several hundred thousand acres along the Grand River, from Lake Erie to I'rantford. partly on the N.E. and partly on the S.W. side of the river, was in 1783 assigned by the IJritish Government to the Indians:' of the Six Nations, under the name of an Indian Reserve. About (me mile south-east of I'.rantford stands the old Mohawk Mission Church, on the north-east bank of the (Jrand River. Near it stands the; New llngland Com- pany's Institution, built by the Company in 1859. On the other or northern side of the canal (which Mas cut in 183 1 from Brantford to the Mohawk Village for improving the navigation of the River) stand the Mohawk Parsonage, built in 1837 or 8, and the Mechanics' Institute, com- menced in 1830 by the Company's then Missionary, as his scheme for teacdiing the Indians handicraft trades. Some fifteen miles lower down the river stand the Tuscarora Church and Parsonage, built in or before the year 1835. These buildings arc also on the north-east side of the river. In the year 1833, after preliminary investigation on their behalf bv the Rev. John "West, and with the concur- rcnce of INTv. Brant (one of the then chiefs of the Si.\ Nations Indians), the Now England Company adopted resolutions respecting the placing tit persons, either indi- vidually or in ndssion families, at eligible stations in those parts of America in which the trusts of the Corporation wei'c to be carried on, in order to promote the pur[)oses of those trusts as eliicaeiously and extensively as might bo l)raetieable, at and around such stations by the modes therein iutinuited, and with an especial view to the Mo- hawk or Six Nations Settlement, and at other places likely fo be found eligil)le stations. Accordingly the Cojupany in concurrence with Mr. Brant, and with his assistance as a sort of Lay Agent, be- 1827.] GUANU RIVER. 77 fore 1827 commoncod operations under the Rev. William Iloiijili, as their first ]\[issi()nary on tlu; (J rand River, and bnilt two schools near jNIohawk vilhiiie, as well as a parson- aj;e for the Church there (the oldest Protestant Church in Canada, and still |)ossessing the Communion plate presented to it by Qu(>en Anne). The Rev. ^^'illiam Hough did not long retain his [jost, and in 1H27 the Company engaged the services of the Rev. Herbert Lugger as their Missionary to the Six Nations Indians. He arrived at Hrautford in October 18.27, and in the next few months visited all the tribes of the Six Nations along the north-east bank of the river down to Lake Erie, and was commissioned bv the Bishop of Quebec to superintend the composing and print- iiig of a Mohawk Grammar for Luliansand Whites. He found the population of the Six Nations about 1000 in number. Two schools already existed, one for Whites, and another set on foot by the Lulian Department of the Colo- nial Government, besides the two which the Company had built, and others were soon established by the Company. At a distance of fifteen miles or thereabouts above Lake Erie, j\Ir. Lugger found a settlement forty years old, of about thirty families of whites, and called Nelles' Settle- ment. The distances being great, Mr. Lugger strongly recommended the appointment as his assistant among the ^ruscaroras of the Rev. Abraham Nelles, who then held an appointment under the Soeiety for the Pro])agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. The understanding come to in 1828 between the Bishop and the Company's ^Missionary was, that he should, in matters purely spiritual, take his Lordship's directions, and in all other matters the directions of the Comj)auy. From the first the Company insisted on having the sole manage- ment and appropriation of their funds, through their own Commissioners, Oflieers, and Agents. The Company occasionally assisted in the making of roads, l)ut for the most part declined to subscriijc to such loeal proceed- 1 \ '''^^1 ■■ ''i ,:l I I 1 1 78 OIIANI) UIVI R. [182U-18-.3. Tioral infTR, tlicir plan and objects being of a mere eliaracter. In 1829 four sdiool-liouses, with a lot of 100 acres granted to each, were said to he exclusively the property of the Company, and a deed was shortly to be executed to confirm the same to them for ever, the Indians in gene- ral Council having granted it to the Govei'nment for the New England Company. In the same year the Indians were also said to have given up their lands to the Colonial Governor to let for them, and were further said to have given a lot a mile scpiarc for a village at Brantford, to be sold to white pcopjc of respectability. Such sale was the reverse of what the Company wished, and had endeavoured to eflcct ; — the non-alieiuition of Indian projjcrty, so as to prevent their dislocation and rhe substitution of white people. Mr. Nellcs first entered the service of the Company in July 1831. At this tiine the Institution comprised, be- sides a mechanic's shop, two large rooms for teaching girls spinning and weaving, and two for teaching the boys tailor- ing and carpentering. The formation of the Welland Caual Dam raised the water in the Grarul lliver, and i)rcduccd floods among the Dclawarcs for several miles above Lake Eric, so that a great part of that tribe migrated, and in consequence the children attending the Delaware school decreased. By the year 1833, however, the Six Nations Indians on the Grand lliver had increased to about 2300 ; and had seven schools among them. The duties of the Rev. Abraham Nellcs were, to perform service and preach every Sunday morning at Tuscarora village to a congregation of about 120; and in the afternoon, seven miles down the river, in a school-house built by the Company, to a congre- gation of 90 or 100 Onondagas. On Thursdays he had lectures at the Tuscarora village, f,nd on Saturdays a school for adults, to teach them to rcnC the ]Moha\;k language ; 18U3-5.] (illANI) IlIVKU. 71) he liad also praycr-mcctiiigs two or three niglits every week, and was frequently engaged in visiting tiie sick and other Indians, examining the schools, making oflbrts to i f md ith Ml convert the heathen trihe? Lugger in every means to advance the general good of the Indians. Much of his time was also necessarily taken up in temporal occupations. His remuneration was now wholly derived from the ('ompany. Mr. Brant (the chief) for many years acted with the Company's missionaries as a sort of lay agent, reporting to the Company, and drawing for remittances. He died in 1832. In 1833 the Company increased their annual allowance for the Grand Hiver Station, and, at Mr. Lugger's sug- gestion, engaged Mr. William Richardson as lay agent; and early in the following year the Company sent full in- structions to him and the jNlissionarics, and opened the Institution for ten hoys and four girls from the Six Nations, to he boarded, lodged, and taught (with day scholars), and to be instructed in farming and gardening, as well as handi- craft trades. To prevent whites from purchasing improved lands from individual Indians, thus driving the latter into the back woods, and rendering useless the Company's schools and establishments, arrangements were in IHSJ- made by Sir J. Colborne, dividing their land into six portions, for the sole occupation of the different nations. In 1835 at the instance of Mr. Lugger an Act was passed by the Colonial Parliament, interdicting the sale of ardent spirits to Indians directly or indirectly. The Company built a parsonage at Tuscarora village for !Mr. Nelles, increased the children at the Institution, and printed a new edition of the Mohawk Prayer-book. In the correspondence with their Missionaries, the Company often pressed upon them the Company's desire for fuller and more frequent reports of what was doing, aiul :U' 80 OlUNl) lUVICIl. [1837. for correct estimates of what was proposed to be done. One of tlicir Missionaries su{j;{^('sted the desiral)ility of an im- partial agent visiting the Mission, and reporting on the actual state of things. This suggestion has been several times acted on. In 1837, one of the Company and their clerk, as his secretary, went to Canada, and visited all the scenes of the Company's operations, and reported fully to the Company. Again, in 18G(), the Rev. Frederick A. O'Meara, LL.D., visited the several missionary stations and schools under the super- intendence of the Company, and other stations where their funds were distributed, and transmitted to the Com- pany a General lleport on their state and condition, and also on the condition and prospects of the Indian races in Canada. On a third occasion Mr. Henry John Lister, in 18G8, visited and reported on several of the Company's stations. Among the results of the Commission, in 1837, were the appointments of the llev. A. Nellcs and the llcv. A. Elliot. Individual Indians (by the Colonial laws as understood in England) have no power to alienate any part of the Indian reserves, but practically they do make very incon- siderate alienations of their improvements to unworthy white settlers, and thus squatters are introduced. Between the years 1 782 and 1 838 some small portions of the Indian reserve on the banks of the Grand lliver were surrendered by the chiefs to the Government for valuable consideration ; and great encroachments were made on other parts (in some cases by consent of individual Indians, and in some surreptitiously) by European settlers. Still, in 1838 the Indian lands remaining in the Niagara and (lore Districts were reckoned at 257,000 acres. In the course of the next ten years large numbers of the Indians (under the pressure of squatters and Government influence, — strongly, but in vain resisted by the Indian Ijllt 1837-44.] (MIAM) ItlVKR. 81 cliicfs jiiul l)y tli(^ New ly and their missionaries and agents) removed from the north-east to the south-west side of the river, where a remnant of only o.'jjOCK) aeres (equal to an allotment of about 100 acres for caeh Indian family) was to he reserved for them. Sales of their relinquished improvements were to he made by the (jovernnient for inereasinjj; the Indian funds. Under several surienders by the Indian chiefs, and grants* from the (\)l()iiial Government, there were, in the year 1H37, devoted to the olijects of the C-ompany, for civili/.inj; aiul Christianizinf; the Six Nations Iiulians at the (jirand Kiver (then 2100 in nmiil)er), the IVIohawk parsonage and glebe 220 acres, and the Tuscarora glebe 50 aeres, with anew parsona;:;e, and a small log-house used both for school-room and chureh, as well as the Mohawk school-lot 60 acres with the buildings used for the schools and iMeehanies' Institute, and the Tnsearora schoolmaster's log-house, and three other school-lots of 100 acres each, nith a school-house and sehoohnaster's residence on each (one for the Oncidas, one for the Onondagas, and the third for the Dehiwares). lint the Oiujudaga school could not be kept constantly open ihv want of scholars, and the Delaware school being still further down the river, Irom the same cause, was constantly shut. These two lots of land therefore were let, and the buildings (when not wanted for teaciiing) were occupied by tenants who jiaid no rent, but undertook to clear a few aeres of the land every year, and to keep the buildings from decay. In 1814 the Rev. A. Nellcs was in England, and attended several meetings of the Special Committee of the Company, and gave them much information as to the jn'oposcd compulsory removal of the Indians from the north-east to the south-west side of the river, and as to their schools, and particularly as to the Institution. In the year 1841- there were two churches on the north- * See statement of grants, p. 65. a ' Itl P I • I 82 OP.AND RIVKR. [1917. )i: oast siflc of th(> river, the Hrv. A. Nellos taking tlic duty of the Mohawk ehiireh, and tlio Rev. A. Elliot at the Tiiscarora elinrch, the eon^regations of Indians being sntli- cicntly nnnierous at both. I'nhlic worship was also per- formed at some of the school-honses, partienhirly at the Salt Springs and among the Dehiwares. The hoarding- school at the Meehaiiies' Institution, in the Mohawk village, numbered between forty and fifty ehi' 1rcn, boys and girls; and there were many instances of I in n youths who, on leaving the Institutioi, and being supplied with tools and materials for work, followed their respective trades with considerable success among their own people. There were six day-schools in ()])eration, viz., the Mechanics' Institution (where there was a day-school as well as a boarding-school), the Lower Mohawk, Martin's Settlemcjit, Tuscarora, Delaware, and Salt Springs — schools. The proposed removal of the Six Nations Indians from the north-east to the south-west side of the Grand River, threw iinj)ediments in the way of the Company's proceed- ings. In the Hrst instance, the Company did all iu their power to keep the Indians in quiet possession on the north- cast bank, and failing iu that, they turned their attention to securing to the Indians on the south-west side of the river as large .an extent of country as the Provincial Go- vernment could be induced to allot to them. The Company's lay agent, Mr. Wm. Richardson, died in 1817, and the ofliee was then conferred on Mr. Richard !Edward Clark, the then lately appointed Superintendent at the Mohawk Institution and Farm, in addition to his previous office. Rut illness in a few years obliged bim to resign first one and then the other of these offices, and the lay agency has ever since been in abeyance. About the same time, Mr. Nellcs represented to the Company that, owing to his indifferent health, and to the Indians being now much more scattered on the south- west side of the river than before their migration, he was lit 1 'I 1853.] OIl/vNI) III VEIL 88 unable to perform his duties ns cfTicicntlj' as lie could wish. TIjc ('onipaiiy authorized the api)li('ati<)u of tSO a yvav for the purpose of proeuriu;if him a suitable assistaut. The number of (yommunieants onee in two months at the Mo- hawk ('hurcii iiicr3 the Company decided not to dis- continue the day-schools ; althor.gb an o|)inion was enter- tained, both by the Company and by Mr. Ncllcs, that more good would probably be done by extending the Institution. Suppressing the other schools would have dei)rivcd a large number of children of the means of instruction »vithin their reach, although from the fault of themselves or their parents, they did not derive the benefit from them which they might. The Indians residing in the more remote parts of their set- tlement would probably have objected to closing the schools. Ikfore a greater number of children could be accommodated at the Institution, it would have been necessary to erect more commodious buildings. The buildings then in use were very inconvenient for the number of children then attending. o 2 , '(:: ' ij;l ■II : i a 84 GRAND lUVER. [1853. Tlioro w(Tc in 185.'} about forty adults rcsidinj? on tlio Mis- sion who had been brought up at the Institution ; the greater nunil)cr of these were married, and settled on land whieh they cultivated, and some of the young men followed the trades whieh they had been taught at the Institution. In many instances they were too apt to yiehl to the influ- ence of their own people, and, after residing at home for some time, by dcgrc js adopted the careless and improvident habits for which the Indians are proverbial, though they were generally exemplary in their behaviour. Some of the children at the Institution had died since leaving it, and among tlicni some of the best instructed and most promising. Besides these, there had been a good many others partly educated at the Institution, who probably had received more benefit from a few quarters' regular instruction there than most of the scholars derived from a much longer attendance at the day-schools. In several instances, the advantages of the instruction imparted at the Mohawk In- stitution were not confined to the individuals taught, but others received considerable benefit from them, particularly in the trade of carpenters, and also (to some extent) in the trade of blacksmiths. It seems that the Church Service was read in the Mohawk language, but the sermon almost always delivered in English, and rendered, sentence by sentence, by an Indian interpreter. Among the Delawarcs, when the prayers were read by the schoolmaster, his interpreter (the chief of the tribe) addressed them on religious subjects in their own language. The migration from one side of the river to the other, rendered some of the school-houses useless, and increased the labours of the Missionaries. The Institution and the schools were for a time in a less satisfactory state. Twelve years ago, or more, the former became more efficient and better appreciated, and a better situation being chosen, a new buih'ing was erected 1859.] GRAND HlVEll. 85 near the Moliauk parsonaj^c, and capable of accommo- dating a larger number of cbildren as boarders, as well as the master and mistress, and in 1859 the nnmbcr of children boarded and edneated was fixed at sixty. Additional schools were, at the desire of the Indians, built and opened by the Company; and in June 1859, a Government licence* was received for occupying the farm so long as the Company kept up a manual labour school for the use of the Six Nations Indians. The Company's two Missionaries, under date of Jiuie 14, 1859, reported to the following effect : The Indians of the Six Nations then numbered about 2100, for the most part professing Christianity, although a large majority of Cayugas, numbering about 500, together with a few Onondagas, were still Pagan. The Company furnished the means of religious and secular education, and employed, among them, two clergymen and several catechists, besides seven schoolmasters. There were repeated applications for more schools, and two additional clergymen were much needed. The number of Communicants in connection with the Church of England were about 250, and of children at- tending the above schools, 203. There was a great diffi- culty in securing regular attendance at the day-schools; i)ut at the Institution, where the children were boarded and edu- cated, their progress in learning was much more satisfactory. Four of the school-teachers were Indians who had been edu- cated at the Institution ; and another, through the ill)erality )f the Company, was pursuing his studies with a view to en- cring the ministry. In addition to the New England Com- )any's missions, the Wesleyan Methodists sui)ported a mis- >ionary and one schuolmaster among these people. In con- sequence of the Indians having been induced to give up .hew farms and improvements on the north-east side of the •iver, and remove to another settlement on the south-west ;ide, a i: .w church was needed, as the old one, which was * ycc |). CG. ■ 1 1 1 1 'l 1 I, M t 1 . I %'W ■^Hl < 80 GRAND RIVER, [isno. the first Episcopal cliurch erected in Upper Canada, was at too great a distance to be nsed by tbcm for public worshii). The country adjacent to the Indian lleserve being in the occupation of white settlers, the Six Nations were deprived of the means of subsistence by hunting and fishing, etc. ; and, unhke many other tribes, were turning their attention very much to agriculture. They were mostly settled upon separate lots of land, and although labouring under the hardships always attending a new settlement, many of them had made large improvements, and raised considerable grain ; and although the characteristic improvidence of the Indian was still very visible among them, yet there was a great improvement in this respect. Many erected com- fortable houses and good barns, and took better care of their cattle than formerly. A too easy access to places where ardent spirits were sold, had been a hindrance to the im[)rovemfint of the Six Nations, and some had been much addicted to drinking ; but as a body they were far fnnn being more given to excess than the white popula- tion, and of late years evinced great aversion, and fre- quently were active in o[)position, to intemperance in the settlement. In 1 800 Mr. Nelles engaged jNIr. Grant as an assistant. lie and Mr. Elliot had before had the assistance of two Indians as lay readers, and the Company authorized the payment of a salary for a native eateehist and lay reader at the Tuscarora station, according to the recommendation of ^Tr. Nelles and Mr. Elliot. Mr. Elliot, in fact, employed two young men, a Mohawk and a Cayuga, and divided the salary between them. At Mr. Grant's ordination the church was filled to over- flowing, chiefly by Indians. The metrical psalms or hymns were still sung in Mohawk, but the responses in the liturgy were made, and the chants sung, in English. The Indians seem to live far apart from each other in the woods. (" 1864.] GKAND UIVER. 87 ovcr- kymiis li the in the Dr. O'Mcara, at the request of the Company, visited all the (Company's stations and schools, and in July, 18G0, reported the result to the Company. At the Institution he found that Mr. Nolles had, with the exception of the farm, discontinued the other branches of industrial instruc- tion. Day-schools being irregularly attended, seemed chiefly useful as feeders to the Institution. Indian-speaking mas- ters Dr. O'Meara recommended as essential, if there were to be any common medium of communication between master and pupils, lie deplored the removal of the Indians so far from their missionary and church, and from one an- other, and the delicicncy of maps and pictures in the schools, and the interference of another Christian body with Mr. Elliot's labours, He strongly recommended the Company to have an agent for all their work in the province, and in order to shield the Indians from the tyranny and oppres- sion of the colonists. The enlarge nt of the Institution building, so as to accommodate lOo children, was long under consideration. In 18G2 the Rev. Robert James Roberts became a mis- sionary among the Six Nations Indians, having gone out from this country three or four years earlier, for the pur])ose of labouring in that capacity among our red brethren, aiul, feeling a deep interest in their spiritual and temporal welfare. He was engaged, on the recommendation of the Bishop of Huron, as Mr. Nelles' assistant, and entered on the dis- charge of his duties on the 1st of October, 18G2. In ISGl, both Mr. Nelles and Mr. Roberts, at the request of Mr. Nelles, bore testimony to the great utility of the Institution, and the desire of young Indian fathers and mothers to place their children where they had them- selves been educated. In 18G1' the Company bought a lot of land, containing thirty-two acres,^ adjoining the institution. In 18G1 the Rev. R. J. Roberts came to England to * Sec p. 60. :!£!£' .1'! 88 (illAND llIVKIl. [18G5-7. V solicit subscriptions from (liflcrcnt societies and benevolent persons lor building a new church and parsonage at Ka- nyeagch, and succeeded, with great labour, in raising .tGOO from many wide-sprciad sources. On tiiis o(;casion he became personally known to many members of the Com- pany, several of whom still survive including the present Governor and Treasiu'er. lie attended several meetings of the committee, and gave much useful information as to the Indians, and his views for inn)roving their coiulition, and on the whole left a very favoural}lc impression on their minds. The Company and their iiib-^ionaries were among the largest subscribers to this new ciiurch, now known as Kanyeageh ('hurch, on the south-west side of the Grand River, at a distance of ten miles south-west from the old Mohawk Church, and seven miles south-east from the Tuscarora Church. The roads between them seem as yet incomplete. The new church was opened for public worship on Christmas Day, 18(15, and consecrated in the following August. The live acres on which it stands were surrendered by the chiel's of the Six Nations,* for the Company as Trustees. Several of the day-schools were in 1865 closed for a time, on account of the prevalence of small-pox among the Indians; but the disease abated bel'ore the end of the year. The Institution having been en.:, "ged, the number of chil- dren was increased from year to year. Three of the most promising boys boarding in the Institution attended the Grammar School at Brantford, in 18G7, at an expense of one doHar each per month, to be taught the higher branches of education. One young Indian, John Jacol)s, who had acted as a schoobnaster among Indians, became a student in Huron College to prepare for the ministry. The original grant for John Jacobs as a college student in the year 1807 was fifty * 'I'hi; i^raiit luu^ not ytl btca rccLivcU iu EuglauJ or a g the year. f chil- 'ge to John fifty i8r)7-ft.] GRAND IIIVKR. 89 (loUars i)cr anm;m for tlirce years; this grant was after- wards increased at the recommendation of the Bishop to JtoO per annum for three years, from 1st July, 18G8. At tlie day-scliool tlic hadness of the roads in winter was in 1867, and still remains, one of the causes of irregular attendance. A new church for the Tuscaroras on the south-west side of the river was contemplated, in 18G7, to be built when Mr. Gilkison, the Government Superintendent of Indians, should have completed his survey. This survey it was expected would show each house and cultivated field, and thus cnaolc the best site to be selected for this proposed church. In 1867 a large portion of every congregation of Indians on the banks of the Grand River did not understand English, but many individual Indians, and particularly the young, were ac(iuainted with the English language. All the discourses of the missionaries in the churches were translated Into Indian by the interpreters. On Sundays and other days, when there were stated services, the inter- preter attended the English service, and gave the substance of what had been said to the Indians in their native lan- guage, sentence by sentence. In making parochial visits, the missionary was accompanied by the interpreter, who was also liable at any other time, as for instance, in the visitation of the sick, to be called upon to assist the Minister, so that his services arc frequently in requisition. Probably the services of inter[)reters are still needed. Mr. Henry John Lister, a brother of one of the membcs, visited, in 1808, the Company's missionary stations in Canada, and according to his report thereon, dated Feb- ruary 25th 1869, the Indians on the Tnscarora Reserve were estimated at 2800, all professing Christianity, except 600 Cayugas, and of the whole number about 800 at- tended church with more or less regularity; and soon afterwards the Rev. A. Nelles reported the number of ■i III m 1 u 90 GRAND RIVER. [18G8. i; I I i 1' ! i (.1 . P ■! I \ •; . : ' i • 1 ■ ■ ^■: : ,! Six Nations Indians to be about 2000, of whom tMO-thirds were women and children, and about GOO still pagans. Mr. Henry John Lister's report, of the 25th February, 18G9,on the New England Company's missions in Canada, so far as related to this Grand River Mission, was as follows : — " During my stay in New York last summer I received a letter from my brother, stating that your Treasurer, and the Company generally, would b(; glad if, during my intended journey in Canada, I would visit your Missionary Stations there. On my accepting the proposal, Mr. Heywood kindly forwarded me letters of introduction to the various ministers, and also the necessary instructions. " On the 29th September 1868, I arrived at Brantford, and the following morning the Rev. Canon Nelles called upon me and drove me to the parsonage, three miles from the town, a comfortable little house, well situated in the glebe and school-house lots of 300 acres. On the road Mr. Nelles gave me a good deal of general information about the Indians of that Reserve, which, at the risk of being tedious, perhaps I had better repeat. " At the close of the War of Independence, our Govern- ment had to provide a settlement for the Indians of the Six Nations, Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, Scnecas, Onondagas, and Tuscaroras, as, having fought on our side, they would not have received considerate treatment in their old homes in the state of New York. They were, therefore, given a grant of land (about 90 miles in length), consisting of several miles on each side of the Grand River, from its source to its mouth. This large tract has been reduced at various times till it now consists of no more than 55,000 acres, (the whole parish of Tuscarora), on which are settled about 2800 Indians, all of them nominal Christians except the Cayuga tribe, COO in number, who refuse to be baptized, sacrifice a dog in winter, &c., and are rather more slovenly farmers than their neighbours. About 800 Indians go to church with more or less regularity. None of the three m' 1808.] GRAND lUVEll. 91 O ;e missionaries know cnougli Iroquois to pro.ich in it, but both Mr. NcUcs and Mr. ]^]lliot can speak and read it fairly (Mr. Nelles knows of no grammar or dictionary of the tongue). The internal government is peculiar; there is a senate of chiefs who meet pretty often at the Council House, and the President is the Government agent for the time being. All important matters, such as the sale of land belonging to the Indians, must be approved by a majority of the chiefs present, and the agent, who sends their resolution for the Crown ajjproval to the Canadian Indian Department, after which it becomes law. The chiefs arc not elected, but the office is hereditary through the mother, not as with most nations through the father. After a short stay at the parsonage, Mr. Nelles, Mr. Bon- slaugh (the School Superintendent), and I went to the Institution (about half-a-mile ofl"). " We entered first the boy's school-room, where were about 40 children, all healthy looking, and evidently half of them of mixed blood. The l)ovs read with tolerable mechanical correctness, but most of them did not seem to wish to ask the meanings of words they did not understand. With one or two exceptions they never read after leaving school, but then they are not tempted at the Institution to do so by entertaining story books. About 10 boys did sums in reduction fairly well, but nearly all had to be told the rule first. The present set of boys are rather young ; however, 13 left the school last year, with a thorough knowledge of aritlimetic, at least up to the rule of three and decimals. " The dormitories seemed very clean and well ventilated, but there were only 16 beds for 37 boys, so some contained three boys apiece. The girls were at dinner when I went to their side of the house. The meal consisted of a kind of Irish stew of very fine potatoes, meal, scraps of meat and bread. The drink was water; meat is given three times a week. " I afterwards visited the girls' school-room, and found wi ■•> I if^ J • 1 i i I: j f • 1 92 GRAND lUVEll. [18G8. there about 40 children and the teacher, who seemed to manage them well. The girls were certainly more advanced than the boys, 8 of them read (luite correctly and did diflicult sums in compound division and subtraction. The Institution on the whole is very well managed, l)ut I think migiit be made much more useful if the day-scliools on the Reserve were improved. Ojnitting exceptional cases, I would make regular attendance at the day-schools and good conduct there a sine qud non before admittance to the Institution, which is mach sought for by the Indians. At present most of the children are quite igno- rant, many even of English, when they enter the Institu- tion, and therefore Mr. Nelles likes to keep them there for five years, a much longer time than would be necessary if they had been efliciently taught in the day-schools, when perhaps half that time would sutFice ; and therefore, double the number of children could be educated in the period of five years, without enlarging the present building. Be- sides, it is to the day-schools that the education of the greater part of the Lulians must be entrusted, so their efficiency is very important. The best and cheapest teachers for them would be Indians brought up at the In- stitution ; and perhaps sent afterwards for a year to a good school for teachers, like the Normal School at Toronto. " Mr. lloberts suggests that every school-house be placed ■Lnder the charge of your chief missionary, as this is the only plan for keeping them in good order, especiall}'^ when furnished with maps, tablet lessons, etc., of which there is great need at present. " I devoted two days to the Reserve, the nearest part of which is seven miles from the Institution. On the first, Mr. Nelles drove me to Isaac Barefoot's School, No. 3, where I had a good opportunity of seeing the people, as fully 200 of them were collected together a'c a feast given by an Indian Temperance Society. All were nicely dressed, and their (juiet well-bred numners struck me very much. ■i-r isr.fl.] GRAND IllVER. 98 V .lii of rst, 3= as frv " The (liiuicr was a really excellent one, consisting of beef, nintton, chickens, cakes and pies, — all cooked by Indiana ; after which, Mr. Nellcs and Mr, Roberts made sjiccches ■which were translated, then dilFerent Indians spoke in their own languaf^e. jNIr. Nellcs and Mr. Roberts then drove to the new clnirch of Kanycaj2;eh, an extremely l)cautifnl little building, in a good position in the heart of the IJeserve. The Rev. Rol)ert James Roberts is the regular minister there, Init Mr. Nellcs olhciatcs on Com- munion days. The Six Nations have granted a glebe of 8 acres, on which Mr. Koberts is to build the parsonage, but the patent is not yet made out by Government. The fol- lowing day Mr. Nellcs took me to Mm. Roberts' School three miles from the parsonage, but to which INIrs. Roberts Avalks every day. I was then driven to the extreme north- east part of the Reserve, and from there to Mr. Elliot's, at Tnscarora ; and so saw the greater part of it, except the south-east corner, where the Dchiwares and Tuscaroras arc located. Not more than one-third of the ground is culti- vated, and a great part of that in a very slovenly manner ; still I was told the Indians have much improved. Their chief crops are wheat, Indian corn, oats and hay, formerly they grew nothing but a little Indian corn. INIost of the houses are cottages of one or two rooms, built of boards or logs ; and arc now usually heated by a stove, not so good a plan as the old-fashioned wide chimneys which allowed plenty of ventilation. " There is not a single village on the Reserve, each house stands in its own lot of about 50 acres. Indians should l)e encouraged to dig wells, which they might easily do, as water is found at a very slight d(>pth ; they now drink the nearest water to their huts, quite regardless whether it come from a stagnant pool or not. " Mr. Elliot showed me the place where he proposed to build his new church (see the map of the Reserve). I catuiot help thinking, however, that a more central site (il jl; '(! I ' I 94 GRAND RIVER. [1868. (say near the Council House) would be preferable. The old eliurch is certaiidy on the wronj; side of the river, so a new one is needed ; the Six Nations ought to contril)ute more than they do, both of money and labour, to their churches, and other works for their benefit. The Dela- wares in the south-east part of the Reserve support their own schoolmaster : they give him I believe {jj^nOO per anniun. " Mr. Gilkison, the Government Superintendent of Indians, told me that he was going to make a survey of the ground, showing each house and cultivated field ; he hoped to get it done in the spring. I asked him for a coi)y for the Company, as you will then be able to see where cluuches, schools, houses, etc., are most required. Before leaving the subject of the Grand llivcr, I must thank j\lr. Nclles and your other missionaries for their personal kindness to me, and for their eagerness to give me every inforuuition. As far too as my short stay would permit me to see, they seem to have gained the confidence even of the jiagan Indians. " jNIr. Roberts wishing to get all the instruction possible as to new school-books, modes of teaching, etc., I met him by appointment at Toronto, and we went together to the Normal School there, a seemingly capital Institution. A newer class of lesson books is miich wanted in your schools, as well as useful and entertaining ones for a lend- ing library. All these can be well and cheaply bought at the Normal School, Toronto." After reporting on the other Stations at Chemong and Rice Lakes,* and at Garden River,t ^Ir. Henry J. Lister's report proceeds thus : — ■' I have thus visited all the Stations in which you have an interest, except the Bay of Quinte, and will recapitulate what seemed to me the most needed at each. * See 1). 151. t See p. 200. In I 18C8.] ORANl) HIVE II. 96 Improvement of diiy-scliools. Story books. Better seliool-books. Books suitable for a lending library, and coloured pictures for walls, all of which Mr. Ncllcs or Mr. Bobert Roberts can obtain best at the Normal School, Toronto. IVIap of Bcscrvc, showing cleared land, etc. School-houses to be handed over to missionaries. Indians to be eneouniged to dig wells." him to the A your lend- dit at X, and stev's have tulatc It should here be stated that, down to the year 1808, all the accounts relating to the expenses of the Kanyeageh district, including the stipend of the Rev. R. J. Rol)erts, were forwarded to the Treasurer by the Roy. A. Nelles, by whom, alone or jointly Mith the Rev. A. Elliot, drafts on the Company were drawn and all payments made. In 1808, the Treasurer thought it woidd be advantage- ous that the accounts of the Kanyeageh district should be forwarded direct to him bv the Rev. R. J. Roberts: and accordingly Mr. Roberts, in pursuance of instructions from the Treasurer, rendered separate accounts of his salary and outlay on the Company's account at Midsummer, 18G8, and the subsequent half years. On the 20th June 1808, the Treasurer wrote to the Rev. R. J. Roberts, requesting him to draw a bill on him for certain sums then payable to Mr. Roljcrts, stating that he would inform the Rev. A. Nelles that Mr. Roberts would in future draw direct on him for his salary and other sums. On the 22nd September 1808, the Treasurer also wrote to the Rev. A. Nelles that " Kanyeageh should have sepa- rate accounts." The Treasurer finding himself in the dark as to the mission in the interior of the Tuscarora iteserve, south- west of the Grand River, where the Rev. R. J, Roberts was doing duty, wrote to the Rev. R. J. Roberts for such ^ I i:i I \>i -; , ■fl (! i' l. I no (JKAND lUVKU. [1H08-9. statistical ami other information on the suljjcct of tho mission, tlic schools, and other matters as he was desirons of obtaining. At tho end of December 1808, the Company anthorizcd the expenditure, thr()ii;;h the Ilev. R. J. Roberts, of £10, in i)ayment of \vajj;e8 to James \Vinny Hill (a Mohawk Indian) for one year, for elearin. in tlic spring of 1809, and worked hard to prepare himself for the profession of a teacher. Tic is- dcscril)ed by Mr. Gridith as " certainly a talented yonng man." lie is now a teacher in a day school in the reserve. The ether boys of the same class arc re[)ortcd by Mr. GrilHth as " generally sober, steady, industrions yonng men, promising fairly to take their places in respectable society." The Rev. Canon Nellcs was on the 30tb June 1869, authorized to provide a sufficient number of iron bedsteads to allow every pupil to have a separate bed. The Special Committee, on the 21st of December 18G9, granted £60 to Canon Nellcs towards building a new school-house, with two apartments, for boys and girls, near the Mohawk Institution. The committee also resolved " That it is desirable that *' school sections, on a similar plan to that adopted at " white schools in Canada, be authorized according to the ^' mode suggested by the Rev. R. J. Roberts, with incor- *' porated committees of management and with a common "seal." I'i Day Schools. Day schools maintained by the New England Company in the Tuscarora Reserve, south of Grand River : — (1.) Day schools, especially superintended by the Rev. Canon Nellcs. («.) Alexander Smith's School (No. 3), which was con- ducted by Isaac Rarcfoot, January to June 30th 1869, was subsequently under the care of George Hill, and has been placed more recently under Alexander Smith. Isaac Barefoot reports of this school, for the quarter ending the 30th June 1869, that there was an attendance of thirty-four pupils (comprising boys and girls) for those three months, varying from three days to 444 days. George Hill, in his report for the quarter ending 31st of December 1869, mentions Mavor's Spelling-book as one 1! f 1 i 4 ' i ; b ',) 18G9] DAY SCHOOLS. 105 of the lesson l)ooks cmployccl ; and he distinguislies in the upper chiss six pupils who write on slates, and six who write on paper. Of these twelve seholars, ten learn the catechism and arc taught simple rules in arithmetic. (b.) Elizabeth Ilyndman gives the local name for her School (No. 7), of " Strong's School-housc.'' The majority of her pupils write on slates, and she notes the tribes, Mohawks or Cayugas, to which each pupil belongs. The definitions of grammar and definitions of geography form two headings of columns in the lists of subjects taught to the scholars. Spelling, the simple rules of arithmetic, English history, and the catechism are also taught in her school. (c.) Isaiah Joseph's School (No. 9), further east in the Tuscarora Reserve. The Indians residing on the lower part of the Reserve and near the Ojibways, during the year 1869 put up this school-house, with the assistance of about £30 given them by the Company through Canon Nelles. At one time there had been a school in the neighbourhood, but none for two or three years. The Indians applied for a teacher ; and as there was no school near, and a good many children of an age to attend school. Canon Nelles recommended that a teaelier should be given them. The school was opened at the beginning of the year 1870, and the Company have since paid the schoolmaster^s salary, here as elsewhere. This school is situate in or near the New Credit district, and not far from a Wcslcyan Methodist Mission. (2.) Under the Rev. Adam Elliot's especial care. The Special Committee on the 21st of December 1869, granted .€60 to the Rev. A. Elliot for the purpose of improving generally the schools under his charge. (d.) Mrs. Powless's School (No. 4) is situate on the south bank of Grand River, nearly opposite to the Rev. A. Elliot's parsonage. The Baptists formerly held meetings w^ m li! lOfi OUANM) UIVKH. [IHfiO. in the house now nsed as the school, auil tlicy have kindly lent it to the Uev. A. Elliot to he used as a school-house. It is built of lof^s of wood, and has a large stove in it to secure sufti(;ient warmth in winter. Elizabeth Powless was a Mohawk Tiidian teacher, the number of children on her list forty-eight. (e.) Daniel Simon's School (No. 5), was formerly A. Anthony's School. The Rev. A. JilUiot, in a letter to the Treasurer, of June 18Gi), particularly mentions this school, and thus graphically describes the locality in 18G9 : ''There is a little wooden chapel about a mile distant " from this school, which wa.s liuilt bv the Indians them- " selves, in which I meet them weekly on jMondaysfor l)i- " vi'ic Service. The Indians resident on this part of the " vescrve are of the Delaware tribe, and the schoolmaster's " name is Albert Anthony. The number of children on " his list is 22, but at my last visit only 14' were present. " The teacher is a young Indian, and has a hap[)y method " of imparting instruction. The number of the tribe settled ''here, never, I believe, exceeded 100, including the chil- " dren, and is now rather diminished on account of removals " to other parts of the country, but the people arc par- " ticularly interesting to me, because it pleased God to " enable me to induce them to renounce paganism and em- " brace Christianity. Most of them now understand En- " glish, live by farming, and are much improved. These " Indians were not considered as included in my mission " here, but soon after my arrival I I'ound that they were *' very degraded and wholly destitute of the means of in- " struction, and I felt a strong inclination to extend my " labours to them. On nudcing an offer to the most in- " telligent of their chiefs, George Anthony, to visit them, " he was very shy, and said that his people were poor, that " the distance from my parsonage to their settlements was " great, that they could not entertain a man like me, and ISH!). n 1 DAY SCHOOLS, 107 " that it would be best to defer mv visit till the Indians " should be in better circumstances, liut I told him that " 1 was not hard to jjlease about accommodation, and that, " if necessary, I would willingly sleep under a tree, lie " seemed surprised and interested, and asked mc when I " would make my visit, to which I answered, 'Jiisl noiv.' " So I returned with him to his home in the forest, and " had a meeting with his tribe; on the following day. But " I must not omit to acquaint you that he nd his family " lived in a log-honse, and that they treated me with hos- " pitality and kindness, according to their best ability. He " was the inicle of Albert Anthony, our present school- " master. From tliat time my visits were regularly con- " tinned, and, knowing English, George Anthony, the "chief, was my interpreter. Hundreds of times I walked " to their settlement through the thick woods, summer and " winter, for there were neither roads nor bridges then, and " to go on foot was necessary. It was no easy matter some- " times to keep in the right direction throngh the wild " woods. To cross the streams of water was iirdeed on some " occasions dangerous, and I always felt very tired when T " returned home, but no serious accident ever occurred ; " my humble labour was attended with success, and I was " thankful. The Indians were soon persuaded to receive a " schoolmastcrand to embrace Christianity, and I have never '•' ceased to visit them. The distance from this place to their '' settlement is about nine or ten miles across the reserve, " bnt it is twice as far to go by the bridge at Caledonia, " about nine miles down the river from this jiarsonage." (/.) Mrs. Beaver's School (No. G). " I have got another school in my Mission, No. 0, on "lot No. 1, on the sixth concession of the township of " Oneida, at the line between it and the township of Tus- " carora. It is kept in a comfortable room, the pro^jorty "of an Indian named John Beaver, the husband of the " teacher, Jemima Beaver, She has thirty-two on her m 108 ORANK lUVIOU. [180«). " list of seliol.'irs. I visited licr school lutcly, wlieii only " nine children were present, though it is usnully iittendi'd " by a greater nnniher. The teacher, Mrs. H(!iivcr, is of " the Moliawk tribe. The; Indians in this neighl)uurh()od "are principally pagans, and strongly i)rcjndiced against " Christianity. Their chiefs arc very averse to the cdn- " cation of their children, because they sec that it would tend " to the discontinnancc of their heathen customs. But " none of these schools on the Indian reserve are by any " means so regularly attended as we desire, the chief reason "of Avhich is, in my oj)inion, not to be ascribed to the " poor Indian children, who arc docile, but to the apathy of " their parents, and their want of a due appreciation of the "instruction of their children. You will perceive from " the quarterly reports of the teachers to the Rev. Mr. " Nelles, which arc sent to you half-yearly by him, for the "information of the New England Company, that in these " schools the children arc taught in the usual elementary " branches in English." Mrs. Beaver, on the 30th December 18G9, re})orts the names of twenty pupils at that time on the school list, with a weekly average attendance of about 32 only. The alphabet, spelling, and easy reading were then the prin- cipal subjects of instruction, as well as the Church Catechism and arithmetic. The school is situate in the eastern part of the reserve, where many Indians, including both Cayngas and Oncidas, have never relinquished their ancestral form of faith. (3). Under the Ilev. R. J. Roberts' ^special care.^ {g.) Mrs. Roberts' school (No. 2) . The Rev. R. J. Roberts reports of Mrs. Roberts' school, •in 18G9, that it was held in the Episcopal Methodist Chapel (formerly Thomas's school-house) during the first half of that year, and for 17 days in July, and that the daily average attendance of pupils during the 17 days in * As to Grant oi' JL'GO aunoiiiiced to Mr. Holjcrts, see ante ji. 97. 11 M 111 !l: pnn- lurch the uding their chool, lodist first it the ys in IbOU-TO.] DAY SCHOOLS. lOU July was 17, and tliut it was hchl near the Council-house during eleven days of the (|u:irtcr ending Sopteuiher 30th, and that the daily average attendance during that period was '64, and that the average weekly attendance of children was douhle what it was when Thomas Thomas taught the school, eight years ago. Mrs. Roberts reports on the SOtli of September 18G9, that " the attendance during the quarter appears smaller "than usual, but I would remark that there are four weeks "of vacation to be deducted from the quarter, and also two " weeks additioiud, being the interval between the closing of " the school in the Episcopal Chapel and its reopening " near the Council-house. The attendance for the whole " quarter is comprised in the two Reports which I have here " made. Many of the children are at this season kept from " school to gather berries, or assist in husking corn. Some " cannot attend on account of scanty clothing. The weather "has been unusually wet and cold." In the report of Mrs. Roberts of her school near the Council-house, for the quarter ending the 31st of December 18G9, there are G5 names on the school-register. (/() Miss Henrietta Crombie's school (No. 8), at Kan- yeageh, near the church, contained on its register for the (luarter ending September 30th, 1809, the names of 53 pupils. The daily average attendance was 17. The Rev. R, J. Roberts remarks that the unusually wet weather and bad condition of the roads had prevented many children from attending school that quarter. No infants could attend unless they lived close by. The Report for the (piarter was made out by James Hill, a young Indian, as Miss Crombie was very ill, and had just heard of the death of a near relation. For the three months, October, November, and Decem- ber, 18G9, the names of 41 pupils appeared on the Register. On the 1st of January 1870, the Treasurer wrote as no OKANI) UIVEIl, [1870. ii ii 11 ! I P ii M 'I 1 1^ ! 1 '• i _ 1 1 'i follows to the Mayor of Mraiilfonl, rcspcctiiif? the for- mation of a school scetion in the neij^hhourhood of Kaiiycafichj in the Tiiscarora Indian roscivc, inidcr the New l']n,u;liind (/Oinpany : — " The Counnittcij on Indian aO'airs have sanctioned the " formation of a school section in the reserve, with Kan- " yeageh school as a place of nieetinf; for the trnstees, and " the New England ('otnj)any will present the school trus- ** tees with a corporate scud, " The limits of the school section arc traced in a nnip " of the reserve, and inclndc; in the third concession, lots " 11) to 80 in(!lnsive, and in tin; second concession, the " northern parts of the same lots, 19 — 30 " Mr. llohcrts approves of this section, and has shown "the proposed section to several intelligent Indians, who " also approve of it. "The New Kngland Company, throngh its Coniinittec "on Itulian Aflairs, also approve of it ; bnt Mr. Roberts is "in want of a little assistance to organ'-e the election of "tlic school trustees. " The householders, whether male or female, resident in "the section are to vote: and I shall be obliged if cither " you or some other friend to the Indians, will kiiully select " a person accustomed to organize, and will ask him to " call on the Rev. R. J. Roberts, and to take instructions " for the selection of a proper secretary, and to ask him " (the secretary) to summon the householders in the section "to a meeting, for the election of school trustees. "It is important that the Kanyeageh Indians should " adopt the great principle of representation, which has " aided so materially in the civilization of the Anglo-Saxons, " and at the present time a fair and constitutional repre- " ntation of local Indian opinion will be very valuable as o Kanyeageh interests.^' On the 2Gth January 1870, Mr. Roberts informed the Treasurer, that with a view of organizing school .Im; lil 1870.] SCHOOL SI. ilONB. Ill trustees for tlio Knnycfijjch niul roimcil-iiousc Seliool Sections, ho hud simmioiud tlu; lioiiscliolilcrs of the rcspr'ctive sections on the '2llh and 2r)th of Janniiry, and explained to them tin; ntility of trnstees. TIk! hon.sehold(!rs of each section appointed a secretary, and trustees wv.vc eleetcMJ in a most harmonious manner hy the Indians, according to rules ohserved in Canadian white school se(!tions. A chief, 'riiom-..* Isaacs, spola; with j;reat satisfaction of what had heen aeeomplished. The names ol' the trustees (;l(;et(d for the Kanvea^eli school section were as follows : — 1. \\ illiam Wage, elected for three years. 2. Joseph Henry, elected for two years. 3. Moses Turkey, (!le(;ted for one year. The foUowirig i\n\ trustees were elected for the Council- house school section hy the householders resident within that section : — 1. John Hill, elected for three years. 2. Josiah Miller, elected for two ycais. 3. Isaac Duncan, elected for one year. The limits of the Council-hou^rC school section liad heen arranged, with reserve roads for its houndaries, on a s,milar plan w ith the limits of the Kanyeageh school section. jNIr. lloherts ap[)roved of the ('onncil-house school section, and had shown the proj)osed section to several intelligent Indians, who also approved of it. Common seals were bestowed in each case on the school trustees. Under some misapprehension, an address, d"ted January 5th, IS70, was transmitted by the Covernor and Treasurer of the Com])any to the (jovernor-General of the Dominion for the compulsory enforcement of Mr. Langevin's Act. The answer of the Hon. J. Howe, Colonial Secretary of State and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs, dated 3rd of February IH70, was to the cHect that the provision IS Ii.i . \ ,: ■ i i .i 112 GIIAND RIVER. [1870. of the Act for the election ot xndian chiefs was permissive, and not imperative. In the interval hetween the address and answer just men- tioned, the General Court of the New England Company on 25th of January 1870, resolved : — "That the Special C/ommittce be recincsted to facilitate " the proceedings under the 11th clause of Mr. Langevin's " Act for the construction of roads, bridges, etc., so far as " is in their power, with a view to the civilization of the " Indians, abstaining entirely from all questions aftecting "the political relations of the Indians, either amongst " themselves or with the Canadian Government, and that " the Treasurer be requested to communicate this resolution "to the Governor-Gcner-d of Canada.^' The Treasurer immediately communicated this resolution to the Governor of the Dominion and to Mr. Howe. The official answer of 15th of February 1870, was, that the local superintendent at Brantford (J. T. Gilkison, Esq.) had been desired to submit a project for the better main- tenance of the roadt, bridges, etc., on In Uan Reserves, and for the enforcement of statute labour, under the Act 32 & 33 Vict. 0. 6, s. 11 (Mr. Langevin's Act.)* Mr. Gilkison's report was furnished to the Company in April 1870. The following resolutions were passed at a meeting of the Special Committee held on the 24th March 1870. " That the treasurer be requested to apply to the council " of chiefs, through Mr. Gilkison, the local superintendent, " for a grant of land near the Council-house on the Tus- " carora Reserve, for a school site. Such grant to be made " to the Company, in trust for the schools, if practicable. " That the governor and treasurer be requested to see " Mr. Blitkistoji, or any other gentleman whom they may "think competent to the duty, with the view of his going " to Canada as the agent cf the Company, to inquire geue- * For a copy ol' the impurtaut Acts of th • Colonial Lej,iilatiire, see Appendix If. p. 25 i. ftlie J 870.] DAY SCHOOLS. 113 iclix "■ rally into the state and condition of the Cornnanv's several " missions, and any other affairs in the colony in which the " Company is interested ; the Governor and Treasurer to " he empowered to treat with such agent as to his expenses " and remuneration, suhject to the approval of this cora- " mittee, and to report their proceedings.'^ " That the school superintended by Mrs. Beaver,* referred " to by Canon Nelles in his letter of Hth February 1870, *'be closed." "That the committee cannot authorize the Rev. R. J. " Roberts to take possession of the Parsonage House at " Kanyeagch until he has obtained tiie patent for the site, "and forwarded it to the Company in London, and that he "is authorized to proceed to Ottawa, in order to expedite " the issuing of the patent if necessary .'' " That the Treasurer be requested to write to the Lord " Bishop of Huron, requesting that as the matters which " were in controversy between the Company's missionaries " have been arranged, the interchange of services between " the Rev. A. Elliot and the Rev. R. J. Roberts, at Tusca- " rora and Kanyeagch, may be discontinued." The committee granted £50 a year for three years for the support of George Hill,t and his education for the medical profession, provided his conduct continued good. Annual reports of his progress were to be mad.^ to the Company. The Committee also granted a salary, through Canon Nelles, to Isaiah Joseph, aTuscarora Lidian (who had been educated at the Mohawk Institution), as teacher at the new school-house near the Ojibway Settlement. When Dr. Oronhyatekha visited Kanyeagch in INIarch 1870, to deliver lectures on phy dogy, a crowded tea-party of the friends of temperance was held in the Kanyeagch school-room, at which a vote of grateful thanks to the New * School No. 6. For the Canon's letter, see p. 124i. t Brother-in-law of Dr. Oronhyatekha. lie too intends to prepare himself for the nieJical profession. 111. GRAND RIVER. [1870. Ji. I' England Company was nnanimously carried, for the interest the Company had manifested in the welfare of the Indians in senditifif to them Dr. Orcidiyatekha to teach them how to live, by lectures on physiology. The proceeds of this tea meeting were 830 ( GG), which were to be appropriated towards building an ante-room to the Kanycageh School- room. Mr. Roberts writes, on tlie 8th April 1870, that the school trustees arc very useful in assisting to look after matters connected with the school. He mentions that in cold weather a supply of firewood is always kept at each school. At Kanycageh, an old man is employed to light a fire in the school-house half an hour before the school com- mences, so that the rooms may be warm and comfortable when the children arrive. The members of the Good Templar Lodge Temperance Society subscribed a small sum towards remunerating the attendant, and Mr. Roberts gave him in addition two dollars (8.s'. k/.), which he trusts may be charged to the New England Company. On the 29th of April 1870, the committee passed the following resolutions : — " '"hat this committee think it highly desirable that a " thorough investigation of the New England Company's " Missions in the neighl)Ourhood of the Grand River should "be made by a commission specially appointed for that " }mrpose, and that one at least of the commissioners " should, as soon as possible, report personally to this " committee." " That accordingly the Treasurer be requested, through " Sir James Carter, or otherwise, to place himself in corrc- " spondence with IMr. A. E. Rotsford, of Ottawa, in order "to ascertain whether he would be willing to visit the "missions in the neighbourhood of the Grand River " either alone or accompanied by a commissioner or com- " missioners from England, for the purpose of conducting " the investigation, and whether there is any prospect of his 11 if li ! ' 1S70.J COMMISSION. 11.1 lat a my's ould that loncrs this rough " visiting England within a sliort pcricl of the conclusion " of the investigation, so as to be alilc to report personally " to this committee." ''That special instru(!tions he prepared for the informa- " tioii and guidance of the commissioners.*' " That the committee approve of the instructions con- " tained in the letter of the Treasurer to Rev. A. Nelles, " of 19th of ^Nlarch last, but recommend that Canon Nelles' " attention be called to the fact that those instructions " refer only to drawing for usual expenses of the Mohawk " Institution, and the llev. A. Elliot's expenses at Tusca- " rora, and that no other sums should be drawn on the " Treasurer without previous sanction from I'^ngland." The committee, on the 17th June 1870, granted j625 per annum, for two years, to Dr. Oronliyatekha's sister-in- law, a daughter of John W. Hill,* to assist in her educa- tion at the ladies' seminarvt coiniected with Albert Col- lege, in Belville, with a view to her becoming (lualificd for a school teacher in the Company's schools in Canada. On the recommendation of the committee, and by order of the Court, the seal was, on the IHth June 1870, afiixcd to the commission, J appointing the Honourable Amos Edwin Botsford the Company's commissioner. The Court appointed a committee of the Governor, Trea- surer, and four other members, to prepare and settle pri- vate instructions to the Honourable A. E. Botsford, for his guidance in acting under the commission issued to him, and also private instructions to Mr. J. R. Blakiston, and to forward such instructions to those gentlemen respectively when prepared. * Mentiouud iu tlu; priiitLil Kcporl of tlic ('ompaiiv, ISl'J to 1858, piiLrc 07, !is oiiu of the most iiiiluential Mohawks at the Bay of Qiiiuti:. t This srminary, known as Alexandra College, Belville, is iiiteiuled lo secure to yiiuiiir ladies of all denominations the advantages of a thorungli and syst(niati(; tiainint!,- in the n.'^efnl and oinaiiiental branches of edueatiun. X Set A|)iundix VI., p. 80?. 1 ri »] I ' ;" '■' IIG ORAXD RIVER. [1870. ii 11 These instructions were accordin^^ly prepared, settled, and forwarded to Mr. Botsford on the Ifitli July 1870. On the 25th July, the Court sanctioned the payment of .£48 for the service of the church at Kanyeageh for three months, hy the licv. James Hutchinson, temporarily nomi- nated by the Bishop of Huron, at the request of the Governor and Treasurer, for that jjurpose, but (lecliued to provide any further funds for such temporary supply. The Committee also granted £20 to the llev. 11. J. Roberts towards the erection of the new school-house in the Council-house section. The committee, on the 2nd Aug^ust 1870, directed that instructions should be sent to the Honourable A. E. Bots- ford, unless he should think it objectionable so to do, to give notice, on behalf of the Company, to the Mohawk interpreter and catechist, and to the Tuscarora intcr[)reter and catechist, terminating their engagements with the New England Company at such periods as he might think reason- able, so that it might be open for the Company, after that period, to make such arrangements for the future as might seem to them best. The Committee also authorized the Rev. R. J. Roberts to expend .€5 in drainage works near the Kanyeageh school. On the 6tli September, the Committee resolved that the missionaries be requested to send receipts for the sums ex- pended, signed by the recipients, as vouchers for such ex- penditure. The Dean of Huron having requested payment in advance of £'62o, the charge for the whole year for the five Indian pupils at Hellmuth College, the Treasurer was instructed to remit .€25 to clear the balance remaining due in July last, and j€108. 0^. 8^/., being one term in advance for the com- ing session for the five pupils. The Committee on the 4th October 1870 directed that Canon Nelles be informed that, pending the inquiries before the Commissioner, no increase or alteration would be made ; \ } S70.] COMMISSIONKK S HEl'OUT. 117 "11 in the number of pupils supported by the New England Company at Ilellmuth College. The Company having received reports and prospectuses of the Hellmuth Colleges, at London, Ontario, and of the Alexandra and Albert Colleges at Belleville, at each of which institutions the Company is supporting ch.ildrcn, — the committee resolved that inquiry should be made of the Honourable A. E. Fotsford as to which of these colleiics, in his opinion, Mas the best adapted for Indian children. And that copies of letters from the Rev. 11. J. RolxTts should be sent to the Honourable Mr. Botsford, his atten- tion requested to the matters therein mentioned, and that he should ])e authorized to order the drainage of the Par- sonage House at Kanycageh, and any other moderate expenditure he might consider necessary. In November 1870, the committee granted £5 to the Rev. R. J. Roberts to provide materials to enable Miss Crombie to instruct the school girls in needlework, as Mr. lloberts had suggested. On the Gth December 1870, the report* of the Honour- able Amos Edwin Botsford, the Company's Commissioner, on thei»' missionary stations on the Grand River, and many letters and other documents from various sources, were laid ))cfore the committee, and the Honourable A. E. Botsford being present, was requested to communicate confidentially to the committee and Company the further information which he had received contidentiallv in Canada, as the Company's Commissioner, on matters which, had led to dif- ferences between the Company's missionaries and others. The Hononral)le A. E. Botsford then stated his course of proceeding in receiving information on the matters referred to, and the conclusions to which he had come, and read to the committee the notes he had taken of the statements made to him by various parties. After protracted conversation, the committee resolved: — * Sei; A])j)L'iuli\ VII., p. :313. >:e^ rr"^ II lil; > Jl 1 1 JM-. * ( ;■ , ; 118 OllAN'I) RIVER. [1870. I. That the New England Company's Grand River mis- sions shall in future eonsist of three separate and inde- pendent stations ; that is to say, — 1st. The Mohawk Station, comprising the IMohawk church, the Mohawk Institution, and the Manual Labour School, under the Rev. Canon Nellcs. 2nd. The Tuscarora Station, including the Tuscarora church and district, under the Rev. Adam Elliot, and comprising Mrs. Powlcss's, Isaiah Joscjdi's^ Mrs. Beaver's, and Daniel Simons' schools. 3rd. The Kanyeageh Station, including Kanycageh church and district, and comprising the two school sections of the Council-house school, and the Kan- yeageh school, and the schools now under the care of Miss Ilyndman and Alexander Smith. II. That it is the opinion of this committee that it is desirable that each of the Company's three missionaries at the Grand River should confine his labours to the station allotted to him by the last resolution. III. Having heard and considered the report and oral statement of the Honourable A. E. Rotsford, it was re- solved, that it does not appear to the committee that there are any circumstances calling upon them to take action with regard to the questions in difference which have arisen between the Rev. Robert James Roberts and other persons. IV. It having been intimated by letters to the Treasurer that it is desired by the Rev. James Chance, on account of greater facility for the education of his children, to re- move from Garden River, further south, and that the Rev. Robert J. Roberts, on account of the health of his family, is desirous of effecting an exchange with the Rev. James Chance ; and the committee being of opinion that such exchange would conduce to the usefulness of the missions, are willing to sanction it, and to pay the expenses of the exchange. V. That the above resolutions be communicated to the 1870. mis- iudc- lawk luual irora Uiot, l)li's, agch ;liool Ivau- carc it is ai'ics itiou oral s re- licre 3tioii t'iscn 5ons. iurcr ouiit D re- Rev, nily, imes such Ions, the the j 1 i 1 '. ,1 ^ ! J 1 i ij il^ 1 .1 -noHMaMMmi ■M I 1 (.; : R'' l> < Map oi Tm; IN THE COUNTIES OF /^A-KTAT»A OnONDA( CANADA. Village?^ A'/irnnit/ '/if xi/iitl//ii'i o/ n r/i/ /m/in/i f\rMi/('/iri' ivit/iiii t/ir /iiwrn r,'r/iM>/ 1 A-AfOi iiltlsfl'fS //;/--%»• ,'i>i- iUl/lti^nS or (h('rtlifll/fl,v IS7I 1 ■ .'/I II ^',;.• IS o/i of.'it'' /'i^rfum.s ■!' l/io ,Vil/i ■!/>■ v. / ,■, I ,/;.(/, ■iptlVi. ll^^^- ^m- ;it hr w r.4y;. a^'.^i. m m H .((vtll 187U.] HURON (OI.LiaiK. 11{) several parties eoucerncd in them, by tlic! clerk ; and that in writing to them, he do state that the; CoMi[)any desire that the arran;^enjents above determined upon may be carried into ellect by the 1st day of .May next, if possible. On the 13th Deeendjcr 1870, the Honourable A. E. Hots- ford Mas retjuested by the committee to obtain and furnish the Cojnpany with information as to the practice of appoint- ing missionaries to their ditlerent stations, either by the bishop of the diocese, or the synod. Also as to the power of the New K.igland Company to appoint missionaries, or to recommend them for a[)pointment to the bishop. And also how far the rules of the synod in force amongst the white people apply to the case of Indian missionaries. On the same day the Court confirmed the resolutions passed by the committee on the 2nd August, the (>th Scf)- tember, the 4tli October, the 1st November, and the Oth and 13th December 1870. ^ Court vecommended the Special Committee to grant the sum of .£uO towards the repair ana restoration of the old jNIohawk church, and rendering it (it for the attendance of the pupils at the jNIohawk Institution, and the other Indians of the Reserve. The Court also referred the report of the Honourable A. E. Botsford to the Special Committee, with instruclions to arrange the details neces- sary to carry into eflbet the resolutions passed by the committee on the Gth instant, and to deal with the other parts of the report as they might sec fit. The Court also recommended to the Special Committee that directions should be given by them to the missionaries, that in future, they obtain the sanction of the Treasurer before drawing bills upon him, and that with a view to this practice they should always send the Treasurer statements of their accounts with the Company at least two months before the date at which they might desire to draw upon him. Two of the members of the Company brought before : II i II ' 111 i! I >■ i . 1 _ \i 120 ORAM) IIIVKR. [1870. the Court tlio draft of a report upon the past history and progress of tl)C Company, Uesohitions were passed tliank- ing them for the great trouble tliey had taken in the pre- paration of the report, and requesting them to complete it with a view to its being printed and circulated among the members of the Conipany, under the directions of the Special Committee. On the subject of the Indian students at Huron Col- lege, it was stated that one of them, John Jacobs, edu- cated at the expense of the Com})any for a missionary amongst the Six Nation Indians, received from the Bishoi) of Huron preferment elsewhere, and without any intima- tion to the Company. The Court, on learning these facts, ordered the clerk to write to the Lord Bishop of Huron, intimating to his lordship that, in future, the Company, desired to have a voice in the appointment, or recommenda- tion for appointmert, of the students educated at their exi)cnse. The Court also directed the clerk to communicate to his lordship the resolutions relating to the Company's missionarv stations and schools on the Grand Uiver, })assed by the Special Committee on the Gth, and con- firmed by the Court on the 13th of Deceml)er 1870. The clerk therefore forwarded a copy of the resolutions, and wrote to his lordshi "> follows: — *' At a meeting of ecial Committee of the New England Compan' .j lltb May '8()7, ^S50 a year, for three years, v ^.'anted to John Jacobs to complete, his education for tlie Christian niinistrv in Huron Col- lege. Siibscciuently, on the 3()th January 18G8, your lordshi|) kindly attended a mcjcting of the Special Com- mittee of the New England Company, and the following resolution was i)asscd ; — ' Upon the recommendation of the ' Lord Bishop of Huron, it was resolved: That the sum of * £50 per annum, for three years be placed a' the disposal 'of the Bishop of Huron for the maintenance of one or 'more Indian studeiits at Huron College, the grant to 1H70.] HURON COLLKOK. 121 'conimciicc from the Ist July 1808.' On the 31st Ucccmbcr 18(5'.), the Rev. Canon Nelles wrote to mention tlmt, on the Ist October 18()!), a chaiif^c of teachers had taken place in the Delaware school, Tuscarora Reserve, and that Albert Anthony, a Delaware Indian, and the teacher, under the New England ('onipany, anioiif; the Delawares, had received from the Bishop of Huron the pcholarship granted by the New England (Jotnpany for tlu! benefit of an Indian student in that college, and that A. Anthony had entered Huron College with a view to ordination. Under the resolution of the conmiittcc of the New England Coui{)any, already quoted, the three years of the Indian scholarship at Huron College will terminate ill July 1871, and the Company will be obliged if your lordship will have the goodness to request one of the authorities of the college to write to the Company as to the proficiency of Albert Anthony, in the subjects of stiuly to which he has devoted himself, and how long a time will be requisite, after the 1st July 1871, for A. Anthony to complete the usual course of instruction in the college. When the proper period arrives for A. Anthony to be ordained, and to commence a more extended career of usefulness, th' New England Conqjany will deem it a favour if you will communicate to thorn the opportunity, which may possibly be open to the New England Company, of providing, for a deserving Indian of the Six Nations, some suitable clerical occupation, sul)ject to your lordship's sanction." Supplemental Extracts from Cokresp'^ndence. During the years 18G9 and 1870, many letters of great interest and very voluminous, passed between the Com- j)any and their INlissionarics and others on the subject of their Grand River Missions. Some extracts which might have encumbered the previous narrative, are subjoined. See p. 122-118. \2'Z liuxnii itiviK. ]Hi;u. (. If ! ^/ i ;i.i i! !. 1' 'I'lio follovviiif^ udditioiiJil oxtructs IVoiii IcUurs ol' tliu ]{.(iv. Ciiuou NcIIl's, arc docuK.d l(j bo ol' geuoral uud per- uiuiiout int(,'rcHt: — V2ih Mii>j, ISOI). — "TIk; ("liririliiui liidianK liuve ahvayH been niiiiarkablc for llx.-ir ^^ood altciulaiK.'o upon IIh; ordijiaiiccH ot" relij^ioii, and t,ti'" ('ciitral position of" tli'; chuicli rcndorH it iiiore easily acccHHible to the con^.n-c^ation, and the attiactivcTicsrt of ih(; new cliurch itwelf has allbided them riiuch encouragement." " J concur in .Mr. Jjister's opijiion as to admitting childn;n to the J nstitiitioii, and liave acted in accordance with it when pra(;ti(;abhi, but 1 liave often deeined it expedient to act otherwise, as in the case of tlie children of Vw^aw. parents ; and in localities where there is no school, J admit from timcj to time at the Institution children without previous instructitjn. Jt always afl'ords mo the greatest j>leasure to follow tli(; advice and directions of the New England Company." "The road ahjiig the baid< of the Jtiver, and a few oi' them, leading roads througii the Reserve, ar.^ v<;ry good g( iierally, l.'ut many of them are in a bad state, being oiily partially cut open. 'I'he Indians have passed some regulations aiixjiig them- selves for doing statute labour, and doiil)tless the roads will gradually improve." 5//t Jane, 1800. — Mr. and Mrs. IJouslaugh beg you will thank the New England Company for their kind liberality in increasing their income. 1 can assure thenj it is well deserved. " Jt is scarcely c(jrrect ' that must of the cliildi-en when they enter the Mohawk histitution are quite ignorant,' but it is true that many of them on their entrance are even unacquainted witii Engli.nh. One of the j)rincipal objects of the Institution is to teach them English, which is not their mother tongue Vet 1 must say that not a few children have been admitted !:' i8«;j.j Kl;V. CANt)N NKM.K.S. I2:j wc 11 tlioy it is liiitod luticju litled here i'uv itiHlnictifjii, able to «j)(;;ik I'viij^lisli as well as many luiglisli cliildroii tiioiiiHclvca. My ruh; us to adiiiissioii at tho lii.stitutioii, a,s Mr. Elli(jt and Mr. J{ob(;rtH well know, Una ahvavH bf(!n that the <;liildr(;n ninwl have Horne previous iii- Htruetion bcfon; their entrance, Jiut my study has evir beiMi th(; benefit of the Indians in general; and tor reasons with which it would be UHtdess to trouble tlie C(;mj)any, 1 iiave often deemed it ex|)udient to deviate from my rule, and admit i^^norant and even heatln-n chihlren, anil have n(;ver r(:iO(/i June, IHG'J. — " In an.-jwcr to your favfnir of June .">, 1 have t(j inform you that, in adilition t(j tlwj Jcjhnsons, 1 have Hol(;cted tVom the childi'cn (jf the Mohawk Jnstitutiijn, Susannah Carpenter and Xellcs Monture to be sent to the liellmuth Colleges. Th(; former has b(,'en in the Institution ibr three or four years, and is ii i'air ICngli.'-h scholar, .'uid well accjnainted with the Mohawk language; h(;r age is Iburteen years, she is the daughter of Jcjseph Caipc nter, who has been interpreter ill the church for many years, and is a man of exc(;llenL cha- racter. Monture is a Delaware, a b(jy of good ability and character, fifteen years of age. Should the; New Mngland (,'om])any decide U])on sending a third girl, I would recom- mend one of two sisters, Jemima and Elizabeth Maracle; they are two of five sisters who were hd't orphans a WiW years ago by both their parentn falling through the ice and being drowned. Three (d' the children are at the Institution, either of the eldest would be much benefited by going to the llell- iiiuth College. " In choosing children for a higlu^r education, I would \'\\nt to be informed whether I am to (•(inline my selection to the children of Indian parents, or include th(? children of white men who are married to Indian women, and whether it shall he a necessary (puditication that the child should sp(;al'; the 1 r^r i I I i i i* : I :i 1, I !! . 124 OKANI) RIVKK. \m'j. Indian \ii\\^\m<^i',. Dr. 1)(h; Iuih applied i.o liavo liin dau^^littjr Hciil to llic Ht.'llttiiitJi ('(dlci^r; by tli(i Now Englmid (Jurinjj; wliicli ic, Mrrt. ready. lis (wlio liiiiiis va- il 1 1 J,' the lira cx- llOUHC ll IllOt'O 1H70 Ki;v. (ANON nj;i,ij;h. 19.' J v> liouHCH (Hi IIh,' rc.-i(,i'V(,' Not h (1 f laviii'^ ln-ard li'oin yoii, in jitiHwcr to my a[)|)lical idii to appoint a tcar;licc at tliiM pla<;(,', I aHHum(;(l tlic rcspoiisiljility of drjin^ ho, ami tin; Ht;hool wan opened at tlici bc;^innini,' ol" tlio year under the (;hart^<; oi l.-^aiah Jo.scph, a TuHcai'ora Indian, whf) waH (;ducat(,'d at the Moliawk liihtilu- tion, and In (jiiit(; eonipctrnt for the HiLii!it!(Mi. J will Ix; j^Jud to hear if th(; (/ompany will inalt lor .-oine tinu^ lon^M.-r. Her hurthand han fitted uj) a room very coinf'ortaljly for the kcIiooI, in which Mr. I'illi(;t intenda ofl'ei'in;^ to have divine .service (jccawionally." ******* Ufh April, 1870. — " With reapect to the new Hchotd near the Ojibway IndiauH, I hej^ to awsun; you that J have ulwayn care- fully avoided interfcrinf^ with the operatiouH of (ither di.ncjmi- natioriH of ChriHliann, and in liiin iuHtanco Mr. Klliot and myHelf, at the re(pu;Ht (jf th(; IndiaiiH in the neif^hhourhood visited the H(!ltlem(;nt an(> lai* for them to go to their own school. J need hardly inform you that the Company'w HchooJH on the reserve liave alwayn be(;n oj)en to any childr(;n that could attend tbein, whites and negroes, as well an Indian children of any denomination and jjagans. 'I'he bcIiooI la nitu- at(.'d about halfway betwe(;n the Delaware and Ojibway HclKKdn, and about two nnles fnjm each, and J do not think it interferes iji the leaat with either." " The Indians living Jiear Tlnjmas's hcIiooI-Iiouhc have f're- (putntly attked me to supply a teacher again, but I have declined to interfere. They have for the present opened the school, and have recjuested me to a.-^k the Company if they will pay the teacher, otberwiao th(;y will iiavo to close it again and do with- out a school, UH they arc unable to pay ateaclier. "t|" fW^^ i II l.'iO c;i(AM» 1(1 VI u. tlS7r.\\i)tA. "I will I'radily vi.sil,(;(l tlic liuliaii miHuioiin lien; lust week, iiinl (MUiliriiKfd one liiiiidrci] uiid IvMiil.y iicihuiih." # * **<(■* * " I viiiitt'd all I Ik; hcIiooIs diii'iii^' I lie *|ii:irli-i', mid ruiiiid IIk; j'dllow iii;i^' iiiiiiibcr of (tliildrcii on tin; lislH, iiaincly ; S(tli()()l, N(». (I, cliildi'di on lint . . . ;{(!. „ 7, , 2.S. „ 0. „ .... 45. And tlio !ivorag(; ulLendancc about a.i iiHual." 1 I. si 1 h M^ i! W (•rvic;(5 icIlMlt, unify. Mo- k<'d l)y •miller, [)nally, to 1)0 d |)r<>. CHtU- IIH titu- V\il,n ol tlicni 3 I 1 1' 12S (ill AM) HIVi:i{. [1801). lioL I()|I>)\V!| " I xt-'icf.s from letters of tlio H,(;v. A(l:ini 'I Durrnaiicrit interest. ') l)(; oi , « ii(./'' M.iij l')//i, I S(')l). — "On p.iyiiif^ Mk; ihoiicy Uj "^h-rt. .IuIiiihoii, ilio jnotlicr of Helen (/. Iv Joliiison, wliieli was kindly grunted by tiie New I']ii<^f|!in 1 " I f^encrally (Miiploy Indian youths to work for me, which iiccustomH them to industry, and also affords Mrs. i'^lliot and myself oppoitunilies (d" instru<;tin^ them. We feel, indc'cd, a pleasure in treating them rather as H(jns than Horvantb for their )en( lit. 21'/A Juuf, ISOO. — " J}e pleased to present my thanks to the New I'lngland Company for tlieir kind and timely grant of fifty dollars towards re[)airiiig the fences on the [)arsonagc lot. In accordance with your desin;, I hav(; called at the Indian Ollice, lirant.fonl, and s|)oken to Mr. Cjiilki.son about the in- tended lieport (d'tlu; state of our Indian I{i;serve. He has no wish to defer the matter, but as the settlement la extensive and the roads l)a(l, lie is unable to say j)reciyely when the lie- port will be prei)ared. ile says that he has much business to attc'nd to, but that he will make the Rijport as soon as be may be able to do so. J am not surprised that the Kev. Mr. Nelies should express bis opinion that ' it may be some years before the J{eport is made.' J do not think that it is to expected this year. )art of the Mission, which 'J'l lerc are three scliool.s in my p \H(V.). ('i'(;si. IIIHOII, •iiiiU'd lloll- Kt'llrtO iccrt of icwith tiliidc, II. iM. )lcilS(.Ml liich I w iol, aiH (Iced, ii )!■ tlic;ir LllliH to 'rant of [I'V, lot. Indian Ithe in- lias no Itensivo tlic Ro- to 1U;9H |hc may Nellea before ted )ec ^•liicli IKC!) i{i:v KI.IJOT, 1 2<) lire iiiidcr tiiv f^iilicriiifciidciicf. ()ih' of tliciii, |)|ioHil(! thin I'ai'Hona^^e, art yon will lind by look- 1M.\umber, besides that of the Dela- wares." "It may be interesting to you to know that Mr. Su[)erin- Hi |.iiri 1S70.J IlKV. A. I;LLM)T. l.'il Iciidciii Ciilkisdii.iu'coinpaiiicd l)yl)is interpreter ('liicr.I()lins(»ii coiiuiieiiecd lii.s survey mid inH|)eeli()ii of tlie Six Nut ions liidi;iii UeM(;rvo aoiiie nioiilliM a^^o, but has not as yet niade- iiiucli pro- groas, on account of the uuiltiplieity of tho vari(ju8 avocJitiouH (jf hi.s ofI'i(;e, Jlis report, I fear, is not speedily to bu expected. " I may mention, in conclusion, that for the convenience ol' tiie Indians residin<^ on the south side of the firand Kiver, \v(.' liiive used iMrs. l*o\vl(!ss' sehool-liousc! for divine service during the summer months on Sunday mornings, which has incrjused the imndjer of worshippij-s, and we have also had evening service in private dwellings on diircrcnt |)arlsol'the Ifoserve. On the first Sunday of cucli month, when tin; Holy Communion is celebrated, the services were held in tlie church ou the north side of the river." "P.S. — With respect to Mrs. Beaver's school, as it is so ill attended, 1 would recomuieiid its being chjsed at the end of next month." 21/A March, 1870. — " Vour telegram accjuainting me with the grant of COO by tho New England Company for the improve- ment of the schools here was duly received, for which I beg to olfer my thanld'ul acknowledgments. 1 ha\e H[)oken to Mr. Nelles about it, and it is our intention, as soon as we can, to spend th\' money in accordance with your wishes, in the most useful and economical manner to the best of our ability.' to get iaclicrs of the )resent mtagc, hildreu Kations 1; Dela- hpcnn- K :l t I.'W (iRANi) KIVI::U. [18G'J. m I I i igrll I Tli(! foUowiii}^ additional extracts Iroiii tlu; Rev. It. J. RoluM'ts' letters, are deeined ol pernuuient and f^enerul interest. 2)1(1 June, |S(;9. — " KncloHod, F forward td y(Mi a copy of a letter wliicli 1 received from the .Secretary of tlie Indian Aj^ri- cnltural Society. I have just written to him again, to inform 1dm of your desire ' tiiat th(! Ojibcnvay Indians of tlie New Credit slionid be allowed to compete for the prizes granted by the New Englainl Company.' Tlu; New Hngland Credit is in this Reserve, and is situated in the soutii corner of the Tow ii- tihip of Tiiscarora, and a j)oi'tioii ol' tlie to\\n.shi[) of Oneida, which is adjoining." ******* " 'J'he girls of the Kanyeageh scIkjoI I're employed every Wednesday in making clothes for the children of some of the poor people in the neighbourhood. The clothing is ordered by the parents, and when made*, we give (or rather .sy;//) it at about 0)ic f/iurr/cr less than the original cost of the material. 'J'liis is considered a great boon by the people, and ihey are uKjreover much pl(!ased at having their girls instructed ui that kind of work. We keej) an account of each dress made, and the amount for which it is sold." (U/i Jul//, IS(')!). — "The girls in Kanyeageri school arc learn- ing U) sew very nice ly. A Imost every Wednesday their mothers come to th(! school to assist in the clothes-nuiking, or to look on at the work." 7/// Jitf//, 1S(;0.— " 1 was informed yesterday by J. T. Gil- kison, Ks(j., the Visiting Su])erinten(l(,'nt of the Indian.^ here, that there is not the 'slightest chance' of their acceding to the Government proposal, and of going to the Saskatchewan. Almost all are o[)posed to n'()ving. Oni; or tivo chiefs were in favour of going to Kansas, Miiniesota, or some other ])art of the United States, if the Dominion Government would hand them over at once all the money belongnig to the Six Nation Indians. And /his the Goocrnmcnt icill not do. Di U. Gil- liore, Jlfr to lewaii. n'o in liU't of hand [iilioii \m\K] Ki.v. i(. .1. u()iti;iiis. 133 " I wjiH aware of this my«t'ir, Iml I llioii<,'lit it ri;,'lil to con- sult w itii Mr. (lilkison, hi'lbrc sending y'Ji^ aiiollior coniinu- nical ion relative to tlio KanveaL'eli Parsonage. " 1 iiHjuired of liini fur mt, if, -in case tlie Indians should at any future tinu; surrench'r this |{(?sorvo — th(! New lOu^'land Coin|)any would have any dilliculty in recovorinj; the amount expended by tiiem on the I'arsonaf^e, and Mr. (iilkison ;^avo nie to understand that thira would nut he (tin/ di/ficiillij. Ho said that we ()uj];ht to po on at once irilli the huildinf/.'" 'I'liid .lull/, IS()i). — " \V(; do not now hear an^lhin;,' more of the proposal which the (lovernment lately mud(! to the; Indians. Ahuost ill) the people here are decidedly opposed to the oli'er, and will not go to the Sa>katchewan. i\ Jaw of the chiefa were williiiif to surrender this Keserve, or part of it, if the (iovernment would [)ay the million aiula half dollars, cash tfoirn, for it, and also all other moneys which belong to the Indians. Thos(! few chiefs would th(Mi go, some to Kansas, some to Min- nesota, and some back to their old settlements in New York State, with the intention of purchasing farms. Hut the Go- vernment an; not disposed \u give more than the " in/rrrnf ' of the million and a half dollars; and therefore the few chiefs who at lirst were disposed to surrender, are now strongly opposed to doing bo. " If you look on the map wliieh T sent you, you will see that almost every Jjot on this Meserve is occupied. Some of these Lots have no 'clearings' on them, but most of them are par- tially cleared, and the majority of these Indians are intent on gradually bringing their lands under cultivation. They are, moreover, increasing — slowly, indeed — but still they are in- creasing in numbers, and that is one reason why f think they have not an acre too much on this iicservation. T/in/ know thin thevhsclvf-s, and therefore they are every year becoming juore and more conservative of their lands." 17t// Au'/usf, 1S()'.). — " 1 thiid< the best mode of electing Trustees for the New England Company schools among the Indians would be, to call a meeting of the householders, appoint a secretary, and then allow all adults {women as well as men, if you think proper) to vote " A corporate seal can be obtained from the I'Mucatioual Department, Toronto, for ii^2.0U, that i;?, about H,s. sterling. l.'i (iKANi) invi:i(. I H(\\). ■I I ■i . 1 ■' H I • it •1 ' u if ': , 1 " No ir/iifc women have plots of land or lioineH in fhrir own rii/lil on this licservc, hut hkiii}/ Imlitdi woincii have.'' ****** * " At the lirHt eh'ctioii of School Trusteoa, tlirc.t: slioiilcl \w elected (one for tlirce years, one for two years, and one for one year). At every Huhniqucnf (innnal election oni; Trustee ahonid go out of ollice, and anothi'r he elected for ///rtv* y<;r//'*. 'J'his is Iho rule observeil ainon;,' the whites in all the school seetioiia ofOnlario. Women aro not permitted to vote, however, iu thos(! schools." IIM Sept. 1S(50.— " With reM;ard to the ' occnpniioa of Lots, 1 may say that wc call a liot ^ occnpird' if the owner has a house on the Lot, and resides in it. I do not know how much of this Reservation is cleared, but I am of opinion that you are (piite correct in supposinj^ that 'one half mu^t be still mwleared.' If Mr. (JilKison's inlend(Mi examination of the Keservc were made, a very interesting map could be drawn u|), showing at a glance the cleared and the uncleared lands. It may, however, be a loin/ time before that examination is made." ******* " Li reply to your query, ' What does the Indian oceui)aiit do to maintain himself F "Some of the Lidians have small clearings on which they grow corn, cabbage, beans, potatoes, etc. Some, whose 'clear- ings' are more extensive, raise crops of wheat, oats, barlev, potatoes, hay. etc. ; and many of them have horned-stock, horses, sheep, and pigs. Those occupiers who have no clear- ings, in general, maintain themselves by making axe-handl(;s, baskets, and other small articles of a similar character, or by working as day-labourers for other I mUtii's, or white men.'' 25/// Si'pt. 1^(31). — " The erection of the Parsonaire is coiniT on as ra[)idly as can be expected ; but we have been much hin- dered of late by heavy rains. The road through the bush is also in a wretched state; in one portion of half a mile iu length it is nothing but a successioji of miul-holes. Over this road we have to draw abont twenty wag lii'avy uiaterial ou tiie f,M'i>uud." "Since 1 wrote to you bust about the aebooLs, 1 received a notice from one of the tbrec or four men who cbiim to own tbo Kpi.scopal Methodist Chapel in wliich Mrs. Roberts' school was hehl, statini,' that tiu'y would not allow sciiool to be held in that buildini^ any nu)re. llaviu;;, however, been cai'Mestly re(jueslcil by many of the people livini,' on that road to open the school a mile and a half further east, i'.r. at tlie Council House Corner, J did so. The p(>ople have renti'd a house for three nuuiths, anil they say that if at the eiul of that pcrioil the altendance of children has been found to be suill- ciently large to warrant the erection of a school-house in that locality, they hope the New England Company will kindly give them assistance. A very respectable Indian named Hill has already olfered an eligible site, and some pagans of tho Cayuga tribe, who live iu the neighbourhood and are most anxious to have the school there, promise to co-operate to the bi'st of their ability. " Octulicr 19, ISOi). — "Till! attendance of children at i\Irs. ]ioberts' schoid, located for the present near the Council House, is good. Several Iiulians wish the school to be con- tinued there. So far as the number of children living in the neighbourhood is concerned, it is certainly as good a location as any other on tin- Reserve ; and it may perhaps be consi- dered the best site for a school, on account of its being in the place where it is hoped there may yet be an Indian village. 1 would, moreover, venture to say that a well-built, well-fur- nished scho(d-house at the Council House, placed under a good teacher, wiudd tend much towards the civilization not only of the Indians resident iu that neighbourhood, but of those also winch come Irom the remote parts of the reservation. 1 should like to see all the schools etpially good and ellicient. Mut the Coui\cil JEouse is a most im|)ortant locality, because it is pe- riodically and frequently visited by all the Indians, and especi- ally the Chiefs. JMany of them look in occasionally at the school when Mrs. Eoberts is teaching, ami seem to be much inter- ested, if you look at the uuip, you will see that there is no n '^ ll 1- 13G (;UAM) KlVKIl. [ISOiJ. oilier seliool-liousc near it. The nearest is IVo. 1, now tauji;lit by Mrs. PowlesH, about 2',' or 3 miles distant. No. 7 School is JJi' miles oil' (south-west). There is ou Lot Gl, M\ Conces- sion, close by the river, part of the frame of a school-house be- longing to the New England Com|)any. Jt is surrounded by a graveyard, at present covered with Canadian thistles. Some people in that neighbourhood have e.\[)ressed a wish that the building there be completed and school held in it again. "The yix Nation Agricultural Society held their annual ex- hibition on the I'ith and 15th inst. It was far in advance of that of last year. There were many excellent samples of vege- tables, such as turnips, beet, cabbage, carrots, parsnips, pota- toes, etc., and also a variety of apples of a superior (juality. The grant of £20, nuvde by the New England Com[)any, did much to encourage the peo|)le to come forward with their cattle, and the produce of the farm or their handiwork." ******* " The carpenters are now rooling our Parsonage. The stone with the inscription 'Erected by the New England Company of London, Kngland, LSG9,' was brought out from Brantford to-day. The wretched state of the roads makes it expensive as well as diilicult to cart out heavy material, such as bricks and lumber, from town. This has been an unusually wet year. Heavy rains have fallen almost every second day, and turned the bush roads into a succession of mud holes or pools of water, some of which are nearly three feet deep. 1 have to aond my man with the oxen from time to time to repair the worst places. I shall, however, keep down the total expense as much as possible." Nov. 'Srd, 1800. — " IJad roads t'nrough the Indian Jieserves have, as you truly remarked, made them un])opular among the white settlers who reside in their vicinity. But this year not only the Indian roads but also those among the whites have been worse than usual, on account of the extreme wetness of the summer and fall. The Indians in this neighbourhood are, I am hai)j)y to say, going to do something to improve the state of the road u mile distant from this place, so as to render Ka- nyeageh more easily accessible than heretofore. "Mr. Langevin's Act gives authority to tin." Ciovernor and the Indian Department to see to and enforce the improvement of all the roads on the Indian Iteserves, if the Chiefs neglect to w 18(i!t.] UEV. R. .1. ROIJKRTS. 137 do 80. It is to be lioped that tliey will not be slow to use their authority, and thai before many yi'ars our hif^hways may not be 80 disreputabh' and dangerous as in some j)lat'es they now are. J. have not seen Mr. Langevin's Act since it passed its third reading and became law, but 1 will procure six copies of it and attend as soon as [)ossible to your directions, relative to consultation with intelligent Indians about the clauses you have indicated "AH of Tuscarora is an Indian Keservatiuii. No white man can possess land in it." "I am glad the ]V<;w ]':lngland Company are kind enough to bear the expense of erecting the Varsonage and barn ; for the work of collecting subscriptions is tedious, troublesome, and often uncertain as to results. " The distance to Mrs. Koberts' school is indeed too far for her to walk iii all weathers. 8he used sometimes to ride ou one of my ponies, and sometimes we would drive for her. But often she has to walk to it and home again. When it was re- moved 1^ miles further away, I wished her to discontinue teaching '.I; but she said she would like to go there until the end of the year, or at least to the end of the three months' ♦or which the Indians rented the school-house, and until 1 should receive further instructions from you concerning that school. "At Christmas Miss Crombie intends to resign Kanyeageli School. Mrs. Koberts would like to take her place then, and as it is only a few hundr'^d yards from the new Parsonage, she could the more easily at:end to it. It would be well if the teachers of all the schools were to reside near them, and were required occasionally to visit the parents of those children who should come irreirularlv to school. The house in which ]\[rs. lioberts now teaches is not a hundred yards from the Council House, and is situated in the south-west angle of the cross roads. Thus — Council Ho. f ►School llo. « 'i"!ll 13H ORAM) UIVKR. ■ 1 8f)ii. " It w!iH used aH a Hcliool-liouso a f(;\v years ayo, and was tlieii called No. 4 Scluxd. It waw taii;j;lit l>y an Indian nntned Tliotnas 'riioirias. 1 observe in the printed Jieports .— " J have received your letter of ttie 2otli JVovember, in which Tass weJl as in your lelt'-r of the L'ilh Novenib<.'r), you inj'orm me tliat the- (iov-rnor of the- IS'ew En^la/id »,"orjipany and you sanction tlie carry inj^ out of a Bchool near th5' lant day of teaching there. 1 intend to go rjver to tlie t-chool to addn^i-w the clnldn.-n a.-id the [jarentH who may be present, and aliio to mak(i known to th<'m the pleahing intelligence whieli I have received from \u\\., J will Hend you nhortly a report of that school for llie montliH of October, November, and Deceujber. -Also o/je of Kanyt-ageh bcbool. " There is no particular name for that portion of the Itenerve which in near the Council ilouse. " After the ChristmaH vacation I will appoint a teacher for the Kchool there. I fiave no doubt that 1 can find an Indian (either a male or f'emalej w tio can teae-h it. Jiut J ho]>e the Huggention which you make will be carried into effect, and that ' an Indian ijov.lh ' or ' two young femalcR ' may be went to the ^|'ormal School in Toronto, to be trained ah teachern. Jt in an adnjirable institution. Voung j;eople who are trained there make the raowt efficient teachers. ■* If permitted to do bo, I could select one or two wlio would be glad to have an opportunity of tlius ini[jroving themselves. Indeed, I am f'rei^uently, of late, solicited by young Ijidians to use my inilu(;)jce towards obtaining permission from you to send tfiem to some Higfi School (;r rollcgc," ******* " I ajji much pleased at hearing that you are inclined to send ]-.o:/.j Ii too Htnall lor tin? audif-nces whicfi would be attracted to hear ljii;i. Jiul 1 tliink tfje con- Hcrt of tti(; (^'liid's can be obtain'-d for tlie use ol' ibe Council HouHO, wliicb iH a larj^e and w(;ll--)eat(;d (.'difice." ******* " i saw Mr. (iJIkino/j last Saturday ;ind (uh yoii re(jupo.se he nieaiis a ' rrhcllKjii' ainonj^ tlie (Jhicjx, wfio now constitute the Indian (,"ouncil. .Mr. CjiJkison said he would viritc, to ijou soon. He- has been busily en».^•^^ed, the lant two weekn, payin;^ tlie indiaijs i\n]v ' i/>ff:r('>ii imjutij^ and takin;.^ the i'l/aawi. " 1 have written to Mons. Lant,'<;vin for copies of liiw Act, and have (-/ideavoured in several other ways to obtain tliein, but I liave not yet succeeded. " 2\)lk l)>-(j;ia}j>:r. iHOD. — "The Kanyear^eh School-hijuse was in a wretcfjed con.--" Suice ! .rote to you yeslerday, I have received a h-tter j'rom the iii.-hop, in which Ik; informs me that Mr. Klliot declines to exchan;,'e 'luscarora for Kanyeaf,'eli, and that he fthe liishop; had w ritten to you, statinj.' that he could not liccjisc nie to the Kan\eag(di Mission. J cannot but feel an injury is thus done to nut. J was sent out ati a Mis- Bionary by his ]..ordsliip exactly eleven y( ars ago. in my iirst iiiittbion J hud eleven j;lacis, at long di.>tances from each other, ' I 'It ll f I I ill iiii ■i i i: V. 112 GRAM) KIVli',11. [1870. ill wliioli T Iicld vojj;ii1iir slated sorvi'ops. Wlicn T loft that l:u'i;(' miswioii lor tlio siiuilliT one of Baylicld, tlic poor scattered settlers expressed their deep regret at my departure, and pavo nie many j)resents as a token of their good-will. In the INIis- aion of Bayfield I collected enouL,di of money to pay a debt ou the church (so that it was the first consecrated in the county of Huron), aiul had anotlier half built before 1 came away to this Indian IMission. The members of my five congregationa iu Bayfield parish also expressed great regret at om* leaving, and presented me and my dear wife with kind addresses. I have now been more than seven years in this mission. AVheii I came, I brought with me my ' licence as missionar}^' within the diocese." " Last niglit I obtained from the Secretary of State the six copies of the Act of Parliament relating to the Indians for which I had written." ******* " On Christmas Eve Miss Crombie and ]\lrs. lioberts had a hirge Christmas-tree in the Kanyeageh school-house. The Indians and Miss Crombie had the building (inside) decorated most beautifully. They had about £5 worth of presents on the branches, mostly of a useful character, such as neck-ties, stockings, muflU'rs, and otiier articles suita' 'e for winter wear. There were upwards of lUO people crowded into t he room. The children of ^Irs. l^)berts' school, from the Council House, were there, seated on one side of the room, and the Kanyeageh children were arranged on the other side. The ])eoi;!e seemed to be all ])leased. Several leading Indians made speeclies. One Chief, a CaijUfja (and a pat/an), s])oke with prr.ise of our two schools, and expressed his gratitude to the New England Com- pany for doing so much for them. We had presents for all that were in the room, old and young. I wish his Lordship the Bishop could have been there that night ; he would be better able to know what are the true feelings of the people towards me and my family. The people expressed their regret that there was no one to inter[)ret my addresses to tiieiii." ISffi January, 187(). — " I enclose herewith Quarterly Reports from Mrs. Roberts and Miss Crombie, for their res|)ective schools, viz. that at Kanyeagi'h, aiul No. 2 (near the Council House). 187(t.] KKV. U. J. ROHKRTS. 143 " Tlio youii;; man, Jiimcs Hill (wliom you kindly jxM-milicd mo to employ for tlio year cndini,' L'olli J)ff('mbi'r last), I have now appointed to teach tlic school at the Council Mouse. Ho writes a fair hand, as you may see from Miss Crombie's He- port, which, at lier request, he has made out. lie has not had the advantani; of a normal-school traininj^; but he will, I tliink, take blii,'e{l for your {)ernii8Hion to Ginph)y a Mo- liawk to teaeh me thut hiiif,'ua^e. I cannot, however, procure a Mohawk gramn.ur, voeabuhuy, or dictionary. There are none, 1 he had. It seems to \w, rather Htran<;e, but, an far as lean learn, none have been ever triade, althou<,'li the Ir()(|Uoi.s, or Six Nations, have had (U-alin/^s with the Enj^lish for the last two hundred ycsirs. J must endeavour to make a vocabu- lary and fj;raminiir lor myself. A few days at,'o a youni^ Indian, named (leorgc; Hill, gave mo the letter which F enclose herewith to you. lie is now teacliiiifi; No. '.\ School for Mr. Nelles. ]le has asked nie frequently if 1 could |)rociM'e assistance for him from the New Euf^dand Company, so that he might (pialify himself for the medical [)rofe8sion. lie is a deserving young man, of studious habits, who would do honour to his people in any station in which he might be placed. If the New I'iiigland C( in|)any should consent to his recpiest, I think the first step would be to allow him to board at the Com- pany's Institution near Brantford, and attend the grammar hool in that town as a day scholar for about one vear. sc J)uring that tiiiu; he might learn classics sudiciently well to (pialily him for entrance in a medical college in Toronto, or elsewh(^re." Qth Fchruarj), ls70. — " Wo have a Good Templar's Lodge established in this place, which is doing much towards promo- ting tem[)erance among the people. There are two other temperance associations connected with us, which we visit almost every week. We have also a night-school two evcnii in th week for at dults, male and lemale. W e commence igs A it last week at the retpiest of several adult members of the Tem[)erance Society. Mrs. Koberts and Miss Crombie have volunteered to teach it." ******* " I shall go to T(!ronto next week, and make the iiupiiry about a teacher for the Council House school. I have no doubt that the authorities there will bo able to liiid some young man able and willing to take the appointment. "The Kanveagtdi school-room is at the disj)osal of Indians 1H7<>.] I<1.\. U, .). HOIUOllTS. Ul lor iiicutiii;j;H about Mr. li;iii<^'c'viirs Bill. T/ii.s nchool-housi) hcloiifis to tlic Neio Eni/hiutl ('ninixnui, wo iimy tliiTcfbru iriako use of il (or n\\\ [)ur|)(),s(! yi\i appi'ov*; of. 1 dare [.s:i v ] I shall hear from Oronliyatcklia in a few days, about his U^cturos. 1 wrote to liiiii on lli(> 1 ^t iiist . " Wo lind tlio Animal Mi.s.sionary (or Church Society) iSIoot- '\\\<^ for tlio Si.v Natic .sin Ivanycn'^t-h Church yesterday. Tlio (.'haii'iiian wan Cam n Nolh.'s, and tho s[)uakor.s Rov. Cunou Innc.s, Kev. .1. Smythe, .1. T. (lilkison, l']s(|., myaolf and an Indian. N'ou will bo i,dad to hear that tho Six Nations uro incr(!aso last year ia stdl 'ii(M-ca.siii<' in nuiulx.'r, Tl !(,' lUt [ami (il lolal increase, OS. The total nuiid)er of the Six Nations on this H(;servo i.s 2SSL Th(!y have incroasod .'iOO during tho last ten years." ll//i F('hri((ti'ij, ls7().-" To-morrow I l(o , '^^: L^ ^>- -ji =?■ ->• 1^ : s 1 .e <; -^ ■ •> ■S' ^ '>v .~ >t -t s. > i \ il- r jj r (' K u o ji y ^imk: PLAN OF THE ESTATE 1B7I . Iiil I m I! i! I J ii ' I \! ;:m ■ ^ 180)7-8.] UICE AND CIIKMONn LAKKS STATION. 151 tions^ and not wholly from the l)onnty of others. Oti the retirement of Mr. CJilniour, the Rev. Edward Kiddell Roberts was appointed by the Company in November, 1807, to succeed him as their missionary at these two stations. A new and commodions residence* was at once built for him on the Company's land at Chemong. They also expressed the willin<;nes3 of the Company to assist in carryinj^ out any good scheme that might be laid before them to reward the Indians for keeping their houses and outhouses neat and clean. The reports received fron\ jNIr. E. R. Roljcrts since his appointment have generally been encouraging, l)ut the report made by Mr. Henry John Lister, uho visited Chemong in October, 18G8, gave rather an nnfavoural)le impression of the condition and prospects of the station. This report ('^ilth February, 1809) as to these two stations was as follows, — "CnEMoxG oil Mun Lake was the next of your Sta- tions I visited. The Indians ((/hippeways) here, at Rice Lake, and Garden River,, are Al.<."- "as, a totally dis- tinct race from the Six Natic who belong to the Iroquois family ; and their languages are said to have not two words in common. Li lormer times the Six Nations were perpetually at war with the Algonquins. " Your property at ('hemong is situated on a })eninsula, about 10 miles north <^'f the small but rising town of Peter- borough, 80 miles <. i of Toronto, and consists of 1000 acres of good but Stvniy land, elevated from 10 to 20 feet above the lake, which is one of a perfect network of shallow sheets of water. The land between it and Peterborough is thoroughly settled, but to the north it is still a wilderness of swamp, lake, and forest, without, I believe, any high hills. On the 7th October, I called on your missionary (Mr. Edward Riddell Roberts), and heai'ing that he was * Tlif f. filiated cost (£500) uf litis new liousc was j)ai(l liy llic CoiiijKniy in May, 1808. !lii ;3 ,! I' i fi' ■; .1 1 ms KICK AND ('ni:.M()N(i l-AKKs ST\TU)\, [I8(;.s. on your estate, drove to tlie sliorc of the lake, al)out G n)il(;s from his lionsc, who'p 1 hail to lijiht a fire as a si;^nal that a hoat was wrutt'd to cross — -a passaj^e of about a niih;. Mr. RobcTts was in the boat wIumi it came over, returning from survevin"^ farm lots for the Indians to eultivate; and wc arraiif^ed that lie should call for me the iu;xt eveniiij>, after I had seen the station. I was therefore ferried across, and spent that ni;^fht at your schoolmaster's house. Mr. Schoflcld and his wife seemed j^'ood earnest pco[)le; but who have naturally become disheartened M'itli their work, for this settlement is certainly in an unsatisfactory state. There are about 100 Indians or half-breeds here, an increase of 100 per cent, c .; the population of lcS37, but which I was told was sohlv due to immiuration, — for the deaths exceed the births. "The people arc dociU;, but seem totally to lack energy, as their dilapidated dirty houses show. Although 200 acres of land have been cleared at one time or another, I do not think there were 10 under cultivation at the time of my visit. The Indians are terribly lialjle to consum})- tion, and, I believe, scrofulous diseases, both of which as well as their apathy can, I think, be traced to one cause — physical weakness, arising from the numerous intermar- riages of a small colony of 1()0 persons — the poor quality of their food, mainly fish — and their exposure to the raw Aveather of the Canadian early spring, when collecting maiile suirar, as thev are then badly clothed and half starved ; for the money gained by the sale of the furs pro- cured in the autumn hunt is usually sj;eut very early in winter. PerhaiJS the model farm, wliich Mr. Roberts is going to commence about his pretty pai'sonagi-, will have a good elleet. 1 would also encourage the immigration of Indian;^-, from the outlying country. N.Ij. It would be a good thing to locate the Rice and Chcnioug r.uliaus on one of the two settlements, and invest the i)roeeeds of tlie sale of the land of the abandoned oiu> m sch(H)l-houses, etc.; but the matter would be a dillicult one to arrange. isr..-..i HICK AM) CIIKMONfl I.AKIS STATION, I .>i " I tliiiik the l)oar(lii;i>j-s('1inol should l)c givtMi up. None of the ehiUh'eu live two miles ofl" so thev can easily come every movninj^. The day-school wants iniprovin;^ ; there are 30 children on the pro[)er'iy, and 38 are on the school hooks. " There were but few in the school the dav T was there, and of them only two, both hoys, were at all proficient in arithmetic. The writinji; also, in which Indians naturally excel, was very inferior to that of the schools of the Grand Kiver Stativ-m. The school-house wants repairing, and new desks, etc. I would suggest that a large hell he rung half an hour before school time every morning, and that only the children who are punctual should have dinner given them, instead of all as at present. Thoroughly vicious ])ersons T would not allow to remain on the Com- pany's property, and would impress upon the minds of the Indians that the land was not their own to spoil, but your property ; that if they worked you would helj) them, but if they preferred laziness, the land must go to those who wouhl cultivate it. The carrying out of this requires great l)0wcr to be entrusted to your missionary, l)ut there being no i)ublic opinion or self-government in these small bands, the dictatorship of a wiser man than themselves is the best rule for them. "I am sorry to say a grog-shop has been lately opened in the low Irish colony just across the narrow strait leading from Rice Lake to Buckhorn, not a quarter of a mile from your parsonage. As it is (luite illegal to sell spirits to In- dians, your missionary can suppress it by making the first Indian he sees drunk inform against the keejier of the house. " I spent that evening with Mr. Roberts and his family, and asked him al)out the discrepancies between the map published in your report for 1807, and the boundaries as desei'ibed in the patent of your title (inserted in the same report). He eoidd not give me a satisfactory explanation, 151. UK H AND CIIKMONO LAKKS STATION. flSGfi. ,. , f.. •t r 'i •! ,1 I I but said we could see, in the Town Council House at Pe- tcrborou»li, a copy of the map from which the Government patent had l)(!cn nuide out. " Wc therefore went there toj5(!ther the next morninj^ and saw the map in question, of which I took a tracing, and which [)r()ved clearly that the broken lots 23 and 21' (about loO acres) in the 1-lth concession, do not belong to the Company. We then asked of the clerk, ' Who are the owners of the land, for it has never been occupied ?' and he replied, * 1 have quite; lately applied for a grant of it, aiul also for the south part of lot 22 in the 13th conces- sion, for a Mr. Roe.' I said, * I think lots 23 and 21 in the 1 1th coneesMion, are necessary to the Company.' * Well,' replied he, ' Mr. Roe really wants the south of lot 22 in the 13th. Do you claim all three lots for the Company, and give Mr. Roe that, for it is of no use to you, being on the wrong side of the lake.' I answered, 'that I was not empowered to make coiulitions, but that I would api)ly to the Superintendent of Crown Lands at Toronto.' "After paying a pleasant though hurried visit to your late missionary, Mr. Gilmour, who seems to have won the love of every one around him, both Indians and Canadians, I drove 11 miles to Rice Lake, through a beautiful rolling country." Mr. H. J. Lister's recapitulation as to Chemong was in these words : — "Grog shopkeeper to be prosecuted on the first oppor- tunity. " Land claimed by Company to be surveyed and re- ported on by jNIr. Edward Roberts. " Day-school to be improved and boarding-school to be abolished. "Indians to be evicted if they do ot improve their lands." I«fi8.] nicK AM) rm.MONCi i..\ki:s statiov. 1 ;"»;"» If Umg Mr. H. J. Lister's ro|)ort on tho subject of the Rice Tjake Settlement was as follows : — "Tffk IticK Lake Skttlkmknt — 1120 acres — seemed in mncli better condition tban Cbemon^. A great deal of the land was under cultivation, but some of the Indians were taking white men as partners to do all the work and receive half the profits ; a very bad plan, as the white man will gradnally get a title to the land. 1 saw a fine l)arn here, bnt as it is public property, it is allowed to fall into neglect. The chief Pandnsh is a superior man, he has a very nice house and gaiden ; before 1 left, he gave me for the Company some wampum (a string of pure white beads), as a sign of perfect goodwill. The Ttulians say they want a new church here, and will give largely towards it; in fact, that with their own money and ;8300 (or £i)0) from the Company, they would build one. I had not time, however, to check their calculations, as I had to cross the pretty lake (three miles in width) that evening, and it was then dusk. " I reached Toronto the next day, 10th October (Satur- day), and went immediately to the Crown Lands' Oflice, and, acting uiulcr advice, wrote an application for the land on Chemong Lake to the Superintendent of Crown Lands." IS in por- re- 1 be heir Mr. E. R. Roberts, in April, 1868, informed the Trea- surer that he had learnt from Mr. Gilmour that the appro- priation for some years past had been £500 per annum, including the salarif :» of Mr. and Mrs. Schofield and Japies M'Cue, also the board and clothing of the children, and incidental expenses, and inquired whether there would be a special appropriation for a Sick and Indigent Fund, and what allowance would be made for travelling expenses, and for the necessary furniture for the boarding school. The Committee, in answer, informed Mr. E. R. Roberts that the amount of ainiur ' apportionment of funds was ■,% ^ <^2 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 4 1a {./ /. <«?, if. 1.0 I.I 1.25 S 1^ illM 1.8 1.4 IIIIII.6 m^ ^ //, 7 c*l V /A ih. . per thou- sand feet will cover all expense. I got •i7,i:o-i feet, and 10,750 shingles, which they brought to our landing by one of their scows. It came in at six o'clock one evening, and I called a bee of MO Indians to discharge it, wiiich they did, by working clieerfully with me till twelve o'clock that night, by moonlight. Mr. liabb (my car|)enler) had engaged IS.^J^U) feet of it for his private use. 'I'he rest is lor the use of the Indians, and building the stable, cow-house, and siieds ; one for the implements and for the schoolboys to chop the fire- wood, ready for the stoves in winter, and to play in on wet days, near the scliool-house ; the other for domestio purposes, in connectiou with the kitchen of the boardiug- liouse. IMuch inconvenience, and indeed sull'eriiig, has beeu occasion(;d by the want o*' these conveniences hitherto. From the conunencement of the institution under I^Fr. Scott, the Indians have been assisted in buihling houses, barns, stables, etc. Of late years no im|)rovements of this sort have been made, because no eucourjigement was given ; and the dwelling- houses and otlier buildings have gone much out of repair. I have endeavoured to rouse tin; Indians to improvement in this respect, ofl'ering to provide lumber to a limited extent, for each description of building they put up ; and to give the hardware, glass, etc. 1 shall now have i-ather to curb, within due bounds, this very desirable disposition to improve their tenements. Most of the lumber I got (omitting Mr. Habb't) will be needed for the stable and sheds. But some I have distributed among the Indians for huildiiif- urposes, and which you will find charged in the department „i ' .\id to the Indians.' I paid for the whole when I got it; and then I charge it to the several departments, a^ it is required or used, keeping a stock on hand for this pu?*pose ; by which arrange- ment the lumber comes much lowi-r to the Company than it would do if it had to be fetched as required. The present stock (I have said) will soon be exhausted, but the Indians arc very urgent for more lumber for building and improve- ments. Hut, before 1 get aiu)ther scow load, I shouUl like to have the Company's ap[)roval of the plan, anil their sanction 1 1 I h ■> 18(i». 1 RICK AM) cniMO.\(i I.AKKS STATION. 159 to keep ii Htock to be given out ad it may be i'e(|uii'ed, always seeing that it is rerflly neiMlt'd, and is made good use of. Will you kindly int'urni iiic wliitlier tin* ('(jni[)any will approve of tills? We are rapidly gelling things into order; in a short time longer the princi[)al delicieneii's will be supplied, and grachially a great improvement will he made in the estate and the institution, tor the beuelit and eivilizatiou aud comfort of the Indians.'' A list of the Indian band at Chcniong in July, 18(5'.), was forwar(l(!(l hv tiio Rev. Edward K. Rol)crts, in which the following (quantities of laud arc put down as cleared by Indians : — a(;res. eac h. By one Indian . . . . II By another 10 By two others .... H By five others .... 5 By thirteen others . . 1 By one other .... '^ „ In August, ISfJl), Mr. Roberts, in reference to the cn- franchisenuMit of the Inflians, referred to the fact that Indians had, in the view of the law, been considered as minors, and that their rights as such had been scrupulously provided for, and that a new Act had just been passed on Indian allairs.''^ The following extract from this lelter may sullice : — "We have been gratified by a short visit from Dr. O'Meara and Mr. Chance. We conferred together on our plans lor the benefit of the Indians. They inspected the new buildings, the schoolhouse, and the chapel, and conversed with many of the Indians. They e.\prcsc>ed themselves as gratified with the evident im|)roven»ent which is being elFL-eted. As to the loca- tion of a number of Indian families on the peninsula at once, we all agreed that it would be impracticable. Jf they were bi'ought here in that way, they would ex[)eet to be provided for; a proportionate amount of land would have to be cleared, * Tor ;i copy of Mi'. Laiigcvin's .Vet, sec .VppL'iidix II. [i. ~d I. r irH" II n 100 KU !•; ANU CUhM()N(i I.AKKS STATION. [18(59. i i^ stoned, anil liroii^lit into cultivation ior their rece|)ti()ii, and at a great tlisadvaiiLa;;e. For, tlioui^li the loin (jn \v!ii;-h tlie present Indians roiile, and those now bein;^ taki'u up, are not yet fully or |)roj)erly worked, Hlill the Jndian.s are very tena- cious of their suppo.sed ri;2;!its', which, though Im ii great in(;a- aure iniaginarv, are i.o less real to their minds, and thev would resist whatever might app(.'ar like an encroachment. Moreover, there are too tew houses now, for the number of the present community. Houses would have to be built, and roads made in the new clearance, in pre[)aration for more fami- lies settling here, which would he a w(jrk of considerable time, and some diHiculty. Mut the wiirst would be, that the Indians could not support themselves, until tlu; land was made pro- ductive; the present resources of those who are now here aro ta.xed to the fullest capacity. The increase of the Indian population here, and at i\ice Lake, nnist be gradual and spon- taneous. 1 think circumstances will induce this as t'ast as it is practicable. 'I'herc! is room eiumgh here, however, and 1 will most chccrJ'nUj do all 1 can to carry into elfeet luu/ wish or plan o\^ t\\c Comp.nny. I doubt whether our climate here in winter in much h-s severe than at (harden River; lor, though we are I'urther south, yet the climate moderates to the west as well as south." In November, 1809, :\rr. E. R. Roberts wrote:— " I hasten, as soon as other engagements will ])ertnit, to write to you respecting the tracher who is engaged as successor to Mr. Schulield. 1 have bi-en most fortunate in being able to procure a person who is in every respect well adapted for the position and work. In eonsccpieneo of having filled the office of f^ujierintendent of Schools in this county for a period of fifteen years, 1 was necessarily acquainti'd with a great number of teachers, many of whom are now scattered over the country, and many in olher professions, for the occupation is generally considered tein[)orary in Canada, and made subservient to other purposes and pursuits in life, consecpiently tlirre is a constant change of teachers in our m-IuioIs, and the ymnig men who engage in the work do not give then- attention and energy to it, as it is most desirable they slunild. There are some commendable exceptions, however, who have made the art of i ISGU.] KICE AND IHEMONG LAKIS STATION. 101 ■K wr'.tc ;rtSOl' to ibU.' to M' the iod of nnibcr untry, ■ufrally it'ut to IT is iV llj; llU'll oiiergy •0 ir;omo lift of teaching a careful study, with a design to excid, and the in- tention of continuing in the vocation of educator \'ov life. Ami such was tlie case with the one I have engaged. IJiit the faculty and ac(|uircnients wliich constitute a good teacher in a 'conmiou ' or grammar-school, are by no means all that in re- quired in our case. In addition to these, it is (juite recjuisito to iiave a man who is a true and warm-hearted Christian, who is possessed of more than ordinary patience and tact, good humour and kindness and forbearance, associated with sutli- cient decision and tirmness. Also one who is not very sensi- tive, but can bear with some of the peculiarities of the Indian race, which to most people would be very offensive and trying. It is exceedingly desirable, moreover, that the Teacher here should have a faculty for public speaking, and be a good singer. Among all the teachers 1 knew or could hear of, there was only one who was available who possessed these (pialities. His age is 3-3 years, and his name George Crook, an Englishman, lie has been twelve years in Canada. ******* " The qualifications and salary of teachers are much higher now iu Canada than they were some years since ; and the expense of living here is greater than iu most rural districts. 1 told i\Ir. Crook tliat you desired him to accjuire a knowledge of the Ojibbeway. lie at once complied. lie and my daughter are studying it togetlier, and, for tiie time, they are making rapid progress. But I should be unjust to my convictions, and unfaithful to the Company, if 1 did not respectfully state that the teacher siiould not be allowed to use it in conversing with tlie young people in their education. But if the teacher is learning the language, or has acquired it, there is a strong and constant teniptatioi» to use it. JNIr. Gilmour wisely made it a rule in the boarding and day-school, that the children were always to connnuiiicate with each otiier, as well as to the teacher, in Englisli. There is no greater obstacle to the further advancement of the Indian bands in this part of the country in all material, intellectual, moral, and spiritual im- provement, than the language. Most of the worst habits and ])eculiarities are associated with the language. If we could eradicate it altogether, it would be an immense stride in the higher civilization of the Indians. Nevertheless, as it is your M 5^1 ' I IP «CI 'V 1G2 IlICE AND tlIi;MON(; LAKICS STATIOV. 1 SCO -70. wisli, .Mr. C'riiokwill iii:ik(' liiiiisflf iiia.sk'i- of tlio liiii<,'iiai;e, :iiul J bclii'vi' lio is too judicious a man to make an improper uso of it. If you wish it, 1 will hciiiI yt)u, from time to time, the testimony of the Cliief, or other.N, as to Mr. Crook's progress. TVlrs. (Irook proves to he an exeelh'nt manager of the ih)mestie department ; ami as siie most [)h'asanlly eo-operates with Mrs. J{nl)erts in this, then; is a great im[)r(iv'ement from what it has bemi hitherto. The seliool has been full of chihiren since Mr. Crook came. In nfiirnisliiiig the acliool-house, I provided desks and seats for 21 eliiidren, aeeordiiig to the most modern and approved style. But we have hud an attendance of IJU, so that probably 1 shall have to obtain more. And as all the day scholars as well as boarders have dinner, there is a con- siderable consumption of food ; but by the help of what wo raise on the farm, 1 ho[)e to kei'p the expense within duo bounds." On the 21st Dcpcmbcv^ 1809, the Committee granted £10 to the Rev. E. li. Roberts, to i)ureliase a stock of lumber, to assist the Indians in building tlunr houses^ such lumber to be sold to Indians ut half price. The Committee also, after much consideration, resolved that the boarding-school at Chemong Lake Station should be discontinued, and that for the year 1870, two suits of clothes should be provided for 12 children, uho should regularly attend the day schools there. And that, in the opinion of the Committee, it was desirable that school sections, on a similar i)lan to that adopted at white schools in Canada, should Ix; authorized, according to the mode suggested by the Rev. K. J. Roberts, with incorporated Committees of Managemeiit, and with a Common Seal. ^^'ith regard to the formation of a school section at Chemong, the Rev. E. R. Roberts wrote, Oii the 15th Ja'uary, 1870, that the Company had ()verlooked some im- portant facts, which precluded the possibility of that being done, and added : — " The property of the New England Company is connected with the township of Smith geographically only, not for mu- , uiul i90 of jrrCSS. , Mm. liiit it 1 since ...viilcd \uHlei'n f ;}0, so all ti^e rt i\ con- Aluit we liiii tUio granted stock of ses, sueU I rcsolvcA suits of lio should lat, in the at school ,tc schools the mode ;or^ioviited iu Seal. section at the K^th |\ souic im- that being L counected [u)t for mu- I,s7t». 1«I( K ANn ClllMONCi I..\Ki;s STATIO.V. i(i;i iiicipiil or ((liicMtiDiiMl allairs or iiitcn'sts. Tlic pro|ifrl\ hcin^ iipproprialcd to ii briu-voli'nt piif|>()S(' and instil iition, ir< Ity tin* As-sesaincnt Law ot' Canada, excinpl iVoin laxaliim, and is not on the Asscwsinent Koll either tor INI unicipal. or Comity, or (xitverninent Tax. As an njjproxiination, i suppose that by thia block of land btdonfi;in<; to the New England Company, a loss ia sustained to the Municipality of Smith of about ,S'» rin;MON(i lakks station. 1870. Sc1k)(j1 Trustt't's ; and if tlioy were, no f,'f)od, but c il wonld nriso from it. Tho cane is (lUfcrtMii at the Kicc Laki', and Bonie otluT Indian stationH. The UoHorvo at Rice Lake, held by ilve trnsteeH for the benefit of Indians (of whom 1 am one), ia in tiie midst of a common scliool section, witliont any iiatnral impediments to jjrevent the chihlren of the white settUirs from attending?. The Indians, by the arrangement and assistance of the Weslcyan Conference, avail themselves of tliiit school, which is so situated that both parties can con- veniently attend. The Wesleyan Conference j)ays half the teacher's salary, which makes up for the deficiency of local assessment ; and being a section school, it receives the Go- vernment grant, according to the attendance of the children. Pardon me for saying so much on this point; I thought it best to give you the facts of the case. With the exception of one of the changes which you [lurpose nuiking, the scliool could not be better conducted than at jjreseut. The advantage in books and maps (we only need two or three maps) would be very small ([)erhaps two or three dollars) by obtaining them from the Toronto Depository. Before 1 purchased a set of ])ew books, a year since, I wrote to the Chief Superintendent on the subject, to see if he v\ould make an exception to the law, in the case of an Indian benevolent school, when 1 re- ceived the following reply : — ' Toronto, 3rd May, ISO!). Sir, 1 have the honour to state, in reply to your letter o*" the 2Gtii ultimo, that the Indian schools can be supplied with maps at the prices marked in the accompanying list ; but the depart- ment has no authority to do more for them. — George llodgins, Ueputy-Superinti'udent.' The prices in the catalogue were at the highest retail rate. " 1 think it most wise and prudent to discontinue the sleep- ing department, which was never necessary, nor is it de- sirable, liut 1 should have been glad if the Company had been willing to continue to allow the children attending school to have dinner at least for some years longer. They are all at times in the position of orphans. Their parents, being CiJgaged in hi'uting, are often from home, or coming and going, and insufficient provision is made for them ; and in conse- quence of general improvidence, the families are often short of food. It will be sad to see the dear children during our long. 1S70. vouUl , and held oi\(*)> I iiuy wliito enicnt iselves m cou- vU" the )t' local l»i> Go- uiUlren. (Uirllt it ption of ol fOuUl ita. Thus about 8328 00 worth of food was provided by the farm. Ami we never had greater facilities than now for this arrange- ment. " It was a great blow to the Indians when I informed them in Council on Monday of the withdrawal of this benelit. They took it, however, in a beautiful spirit of resignation; so much 80 that I was astonished, though 1 am so well acquainted with the passive element in their character. " 1 will carry out the Com|)any's instructions with regard to providing clothes and shoes or boots for those children who attend ' well,' as rewards for atteiulance and merit. The word 'Weir must be delincd. in our Government sense of the word, half the number of teaching days secures the Govern- ment grant, and other benefits connected with our National School systcMn. I suppose I may follow the same ruli* in our case. " When 1 was a|)pointed to the agency, Mr. Gilmour spe- cified in detail the duties iind responsibilities of the oilicc (though 1 was long acijuainted with them by observation), and one of which he s|)oke, as being one of the most important, was the mana be. .\ young gii'l has refused jEnO currency in a section on the opposite side of the lake, for this year." On the 1st February, 1870, ,Mr. E. 11. Roberts wrote: — "Tbe Government Visiting Superintendent of liulian Af- s i 1 i 1870. IIICi; .\M> CIILMitNt; lAKL.N M\I|(»N. tiiii> l'<>liiiiiiit best Indian ni'ttleincnta in the country, and if lit.' were an Indian ho would s.-ltlo Iutc, as t hero an; no ^(ivatcr, if i'«|ual privih'f^rs anyw li.'rc. lit- was iiiiirh pU-asnl with tin- arraiif^o- iiii'iits tor tlu'iu'w farms, and tlio conditions of the lease, which he said are exactly adapted to I he peciiliarilies and r.ipiire- iii'iits of the In. linns, an. I hid in\er lieeii e.pi.'.lled hy any- thing the Iicyislatiire r>f ( 'anada h:td ile\ i-cd or onaeted \et. le re.Miested ine, as soon as I reeeivfd ll lease Iroiii Ijoiid on, to send liiin a cojiy, that he in.iy siihinil it to the ( iovernin.'tit. TIk^ Act for the Kiit'ranchiseiiuMit of Imlians and the hetter atfairs, passed last session, has proved, luanauenient of Indian as I expected, an entire failure, 'riioiis^h the time has passed within which Indians wi're reiiuirod to choose their land and locate,' yet not one in the entire province has done so. And ositively refuse to come under tht* provisi.)ns of the tl lev Act. It was drawn up by thoa- who had no practical know- ledfje of Indian character and lite." On the KUh of March, 1«70, the llcv. V], U. Roberts >vrote — " It is necessai'y lor the Company to decide what dhouhi be done with the teacher's house. I have referred to it before, but not 80 as to briiii; the matter fully under your no' ice. Before the close of Mr. (iilmour's aj^eiicy the suhjin I was under consideration ; and about five years sinci', he had a builder to examine it, who pronounced it to be almost unin- habitable, particularly the centre part, which is built of pine logs, and has been erected more than thirty years, which is an nnusnal time for a log building to stand. The timber in some places is so rotten that a stick can he thrust through, and it is a wonder that the walls do not sink or fall. They are also full of vermin. The two wings were added at a much later time ; the one on the east end earlier than the other. Th are built of' strips,' that is inch boards (without the sap-wood) cut five inches wide and laid one upon another. overlap|)ing on each side one inch so as to hold the plaster, and nailed together IH.- I r lU KiH UK I AND (IIIMONc; I,\Kls srATKiN'. |l ^Tn. iiM IIm'V !in' pill III). 'I'lir wiiijM. Iiv lii'iiHj i'iiihimI rnuii IIm' ^romid, uliiiii-Ji'd iilrcs)!, nml ('lii|t-li">Mrilt'(|, iiiiinil IhhI liltfrii tir Iwi'iilv vi'Mi'M luntirci'. Thr fiitiii' liinliliii!' r<'<|iiin'H In l)<> rjiiMt'd I wo Icct. Am il JH, the Himw iii wiiilcr Iiivm iiImivi' IIio ^niiiiid Hour, and Iiccoiim'm |i;i Idir wiillH wmild nliiiid ill Jill. Mild run llir ih1( hI' iiny diiiH'.i'r ( hero mijjiil lie Iti llir iniii:it<'^<, in cfiHc il lei! willuniti HiillicK'iil wiirnin^, were il iiol lluil I lie nt'wrr iMirlioiiH nr(> iH'infx injnn'd lor wnni 111 III her and shingles were proem ed in ( he spring, I he \yorl\ mijfht he done ne\l, tall. W hen I know what, the ( 'om- pany will decide* upon haying done, 1 can send yon a slate- luent o\' the jirobable cost, llion^h it is diHieiilt. lo know b(>roi(x|>»>rieiicod great advantage" I'ldiii the new oni- Iniildiiigs during the present long and stoniiy winter, \\/.. the slalil(\ iu\\\ hyre. sheep shed, porch at the school house, and W(>od-slicd, and ollices lor the school and leacliers house. The ('attU* have been conit'orlabie, and less I'oduer is rctpiired, because by being \\d in mangers it is kept dry and clean, and none is wasted, and tlu> cattle ar( in l)elter ' heart' lo eat their Iced. llitluTto the' fodder has been laid on theizronntl lew oilt- Ivi/.. IIh^ |is(\ iinil lioiisc. [•(piin'd, |>;in, Mini I' to nil. liroiniil |sT(i HIM, A'.ll ' Iimhh' riitlli' run I'lunil fV'im Iimi|i to lir'(i|i, driving nil' llic nl licr^ ; mimI IIiim liiill nl il lv • ^* t r(i;ii|p(''l ill llir Hiicpw nml iliiii^, (iiid (iltrii llif wiiikf-r cdltlf licciuiic ho ('iirtM'liIrd by ('(iM (iihI Mtarviilmii tliiif, flicy (li(> \ii'\iin> flm wiiitf r iw (ivcr. I liiivn kiinwii riwiriy '»(" Mii" I'liMlf lien- i|ii> in tliin wny. h iM ji |tiirt. of the mIiI <'niiM(|i(m aiid ImrliarmH way III liii Miiii^', wliifli in li(i|i|iilv iM'criiiiiiiL,' nl(s winter arc hk low in (•(iiiditioii tJial it n'(|iiir«'rt liall' tin- Miiiiiincr In rfeovcr tJirir full vigour, iltid lliiiH liair tlir ^ood of Mic CMWH \h lost, to f.lic (•riiniMiinit y, licHidcH ilH lniii!^ hiicIi a Inid < Kaiiiplf In tlii; Indiaim. 'I'lm (•at.tlc art' now IiIiIIk' im dfcr. 'l'll('^»• im|ir'iv('iiir>nf .^ \viti\ rHHcnlial, and will In- of |n'niiancnt. advaidai^'c anrj prolit.. " Soinctiiin^ Hlmiild he donn to the outside of ilie clnirfdi and Hi'liooMioiMc IImh Huiiimcr, or the lniildint^H will ]»• injiired liclni'c loiif^. 'rill' sf'lioid-lioiMc Im liiiilt, of strips lil<(; part of tlir fraidirr'rt lioiisc, and tin- clmrcli is Iniilt. ot tw!itlier. The soiilh jiartH of both biiildiiiL^'H is the worst, hecaiis(; every s|)i'iiit^ the sun in the middle of the day warrn.s and thawH that side, and it freezcH aj^ain at nii^ht. The scliord- lioiise is placed north and south, the chnrch east and woat. IJoth building's should bo clap-boarded, esjiecially the part exposed to the heat of the sun. It woubl not Itf- much expense, and the protection to tlur buildint^s would he j^reat. TIh! IndiatiM are also very unxiouH that a sniail gallery should he |iut lip across the end of tli(^ church for the ficcotnrnodatioii of the choir. " I niMV here direct your attention to the new brick church iihoiit to be erected hy the Indians at liice I/ike. l'reviou« to Mr. («iliiiour's resii^oiat ion, it was in conteniplation to replaci' th(* old woochui church (now a \vreek) by a new and substantial oiio of brili'0 in the hands ot the Indians, which is to be collected in the spring, and there is l^"^'*-*^ owing for timber which was sold from the Reserve some time since. The Indians request me to say to you that you would place them under great obligations if you would kindly u.se your iniluence with the New Enuland Company to obtain a grant from them in aid of the church. The Indians have a copy of a letter here, obtained from the late I\lr. Gihnour, in which the Company state that when his successor was ap})ointed, they would be ])repared to do something ; so that we have hopes of a grant from that quarter. 1 might further state that the Indians are prepared to pledge tlieir annuities to the amount of <^400, if necessary. So that 1 think our way is now tolerably clear to conuncnce operations so soon as the spring shall open.' JMr. Bro(dving further states he is Hhaidvful to say that there are signs of considerable improve- ment in our village. The means of grace are all well attended, and increased seriousness is discernible in our youug people, and a few are giving their hearts to God. 1 think also that a larger quantity of haul will be under crop this year than last.' Mosang Pandash tolls me that tie spoke to ^Nlr. iiister on the subject of the new chapel, and that he encouraged him to hope for assistance from the Com]jany for that object." The Coniniittce of tlic 24tli :\rarcli, 1870, directed that the Rev. E. R. Roberts should Ix a|)plicd to for informa- tion as to the cost of providing meals for the children at- tending the schools, and informed that in the meantime, &■ [1S70. U it? at lire, t^triiot ti'cl U) i sim-e tliovo), , boi^iii an gt-»- lial wo 111- ^^■.ly ill llio luliaus, , y^-iuo no tiirni u wouUl idly use jbtaiu a s have a mour, ill (sor \\iia ; ao that t t'urtlier innuitied link our |) 5-oou as cs he is improvc- itteiuled, people, also that car than |lr. Lister mini hiiu ot." K'tcd that liiiforma- iilron at- ^caiitin\e, 1870.] uici; AM) ciii:.MON(; lakks siatiox. 171 m and (luring tlic present year, dimiors should he provided for such of the children who attcMided well; and resolved that the sum of G.IO p(^r annum, and a capitation p;rant of 11 for each child who regularly attended school, should he allowed to Mr. Crook, the Sn[)erintendent of the Cheinong school ; and that rej^ular aLtendance at school should he (leliniMl to be four days in tin; week at least. 'J'he Committee also resolved that Mr. Ifoberts shoidd be re(|ueste(l to state whether there was any objection to Daniel \Vetuu<; (fitting cord-wood on the lands in his oc- cupation. They also resolved to provide lumber ami nails, not exceeding tD in value, for each house, to the tenants building houses and barns on the new I'urms at Chemoug. And granted t:20 for making a new road to the farms. The Committee also granted to the Rev. E. 11. Roberts £5 for a map, and £5 for clearing and breaking np land near the Mission Farm. And resolved that further inquiries should he made with reference to ' e Indian orjjhan child for whom the Com- pany's aid had .jcen re([ucsted. On the 21st May the Treasnrer wrote to the Kev. E. R. Roberts, informing him of these resolutions and grants, and directing that the map of the Chemong estate should show the forest, cleared land, grain land, root land, meadow-land, pasture-land, etc., distinguished in different colours. The Treasurer observed, " With respect to an "orphan child arrived at the Company's Chemong Station, " the New England Company do not wish for an orphan- " age. In this ease a little temporary assistance can be "given, and more information supplied about the case." The Treasurer added, " Is there any objection to a tenant " (such as Daniel Wctung) cutting cord-wood from the land "in his occupation ? If not, he may be permitted to do so " under your orders and supervision. With respect to the '' teacher's house, the log building may be taken away, " and the two ends put together and well repaired. Please :4|ri ^f^ 172 RICK AND CIIKMONO I.AKKS STATION. [1S70. .'I 1 ** to have this done at a moderate expense. You remain " as missionary at Chemong. A division between a hvy " a'ld ck;rical missionary at Chcmonj^ seems inipraeti- "cal)lc. The Committee do not grant the extra expense " beyond the eontraet for the new bniUHng." On Mr. and Mrs. Sehofiehl's removal to Gnelph, and consequent resignation of their emijloyment unilcr the Company, the Committee, at the end of the year 18(51), had resolved to present him with ten guineas in aeknowledg- ment of his long and valuable services as Chemong school- master. 'J'he amount having been forwarded to him in May, 1870, he wrote on the 8th June following to the Treasurer, acknowledging — "The receipt of £10. 10,?. as a donation from the New Eng- landCoinpauy; and in returning thaidvs fortheir kind liberality to two of their old servants, I confess my inability to coniniand language to express our {gratitude for their remembrance of us. "In reference to the questions contained in your very wel- come letter, 1 shall, to the best of my ability, answer when I see Mr. Kennedy ; but as we desire to tender our gratitude to you for your benevolence, 1 thought 1 would take the liberty of writing to you also. " In regard to the kind of tenure suitable for Tndians, I have to say first, your late agent, de; r Mr. Gilmour, and myself have sj)ent much time in endeavouring to impress the mind of the Indians with the advantages arising from the cultivation of the soil in pieference to the uncertainty of depending on the chase for a livelihood, invariably the auswer was, 'the land is not our own, and it is too strong.' " We used every argumeut to show, that although the land certainly was not theirs to dispose of, it was their own to get oft' all the crops they could. But wc found that this answer was not strictly true ; and the conviction, which amounts al- most to a certainty, that it was only an excuse to relieve them from working their land. " What action, then, should be taken for the welfare of this peculiar people ? for it is our opinion that no tenure of land could be made at present to induce them 1o farm as a general 1^^- luwc myself liud of ivation mg on iUl (I land to get of this )f land lionural 1S70.] RICK AM) CIIKMON'O LAKES STATION, 173 rule; yet 1 iviiu'iiibcr Mr. Listor saying he liad seen Indians wlio were good farmers, and well to do ; no (' al)t this is true, but they are rare exceptions. " Then, ayani, the land at l?ioe Lake is not stony, and somo of the ()eoi)le hired out their land to bo worked on aliar^s by white men, and so general did this system become that the Government of Canada passed a law to suppress the evil. Then I refer you to the Alnwick band ; they have 3000 acres of as fine land as any in the province, yet they do not use it, and our Government has been trying to induce them to sell out and go further into the Ulterior. But what course shall we take in regard to our Indians, seeing that ouo of three must occur : eitlier the Indian must work his land himself, or go further back and let the wiiite man come in, or else he must work at sometiiing else ? 1 know of nothing that would meet the emer- gency so well as ' willow-basket making,' and nowhere could the land and locality be more suitable than Chemong. The demand for willow baskets (or even the raw willow) is, I be- lieve, without limit, for we spent mucli time and thought in gathering information on this subject years since, and there are numbers of interesting young Indians who, I think, could be induced to take hold of it ; and once gain their confidence and interest in the matter, they would be in ])ossession of a mechanical trade at once pleasant and profitable; besides this, the Indian a|)pears a basket-maker by nature, only the kind they now make are of 'bhick oak s[)lints,' a very infu'rior ar- ticle, and only fetch a poor price; these baskets the women cai-ry on their backs, and peddle them through the country. The Indians are slow at working out a new idea, although it is equally true they are by nature very clever and ingenious. 1 have often been surprised at the dexterity in turning out useful articles out of poor material by the aid of a knife ; they are highly gifted, yet very improvident, rather a strange com- pound. In view of what I have just written, I would suggest the erection of a 'Willow Factory' in (should the Indians come from a distance) the centre of the estate, on the base- line shown on my map, with a practical man to teach them the art of basket-making; the factory to be made warm and com- fortable in winter and cool in summer; the hours of labour to be, say eight per day, and liberal vvages. T le reason why a I'M! '! i rf !■)■■ 171 KICK AND CIIKMONC; l.AKKS STATION. 1 1870. ^li- Itictdiy in n'('(iiMiii('ii(lc(l is, tlic Ituriiiii liiis a poor liciul to Htiirt on liis own i'('s|)oiisil)ility, but nerds soini! )iii' to tliink lor iuiil (lii'cct liini. IJy Mr. (lilnioiir's inst i-uctions, wo phuitcd ono and ii lull' iifivs of willows many years since!, but thoy wero on too lii<;li land, and did not thrive well, J\Ir. Uobortp was |)rt'- ])arinji; land for willows, but tlun-o were none planted when wo left. Von R|K'ak of allurinj]; Indiana from a distances to Che- monir. Indians are very timid and suspicions, and if they are invited to move to Chemonji;, they might say, ' You have poor huntin<^. How shall we live ?' The Aj;ent replies, '(>//, «•« havt' Ubcrlji of laiul, and we havr a willuw-lKiskct fnciory in tchir/i wc ivill (jive you and i/onr childrrn plcnfi/ of work and (food pa If.'' By such inducementa, I presume, you would have t'hi'mong inhabited by a j^oodly number of fndians, especially when we r(Mn(>mber there are so many advantafi;es and privi- leij[es enjoyed there that are not found at any other Indian settlement. It is very desirable that more Imlians should re- side there, as tlii're is plenty of room, especially as the mis- sionary is now on the estate, and the teacher could attend to a much larf^er number of children, particularly as the boardinj^ department is (I understand) di9[)ensed with, which rather surprised us, as that was a subject we urged u|)on Mr. Q'\\- niour years since, but he replied he did not desire a ehanj^o in the school whilst he lived. " We also broui^ht the matter before Mr. lloberts for this reason, that the money spent in feeding and clolhing u fow might be laid out in clothing over a large number of (ihildren out of the school, for the greater part of them are so poorly clad that the parents make it an excuse for not sending them to school ; thus many of them grow up idle aiul worthless. But Mr. lloberts declined to take action in the matter. '* And now will you please to cast your eye on the map which I have drawn to the best of my recollection of the sur- roundings of the ('hemong estate. The base-line which is to run through is an admirable idea, and you will observe what I would particularly draw the Company's attention to, viz. a floating bridge, to render the estate accessible at all sensotis. The greatest drawback, and a most serious one to those who reside there, is the difliculty of access, the danger also, and sometimes the impossibility of getting either way, renders the Ll ' 1870. lH7t».] iJich; AM) (:iii:M()N(i i„\ki;s stapiov. 175 a f(HV li 1(1 roil poorly >r them I'tlileas. ( phict' vci'v object iiiiiaMf ; fur iii-^laiifi', wIicm wr were i^clliii;j; iiiali'i'i.ils (I liiit had lo cuiiii' [i\ \\n\vv) loi' (lie iiiissioiiarv'a rcsitleiK'c, oil two (liHtTciit tri|).s uilh tlu^ hcow tlio lior.st.'a hcfaiiir iiiimaiiauicabic, and each taiio oiio Iioi'hc lopplcMl over tliL' . of the wood outj;ht to be [)ractise(i, but should an additional number of Indians be admittiul, tlu'y would, of course, make clearing's and consume wood ; and as it is ^ettinfj; scarce all round, it would be well to bear in mind that tho Intlians be reminded to bo careful, — it is not altoi^ether the usinss. The rocks in that part of the estate lie very thick, but most of them can be I'aised with our present appliances, and drawn away on the stone boat; others can be removed by blasting: and when the laud is once cleared it is excellent. " I have procured materials for the map ; and will proceed with the survey and minute delineation and description of the estate, as directed, as soon as I have completed the account for the half-year ending liOlh of .Tunc. 1 hope the Company will exercise a little indulgence in point of time about the map, as the survey will occupy some time ; and I have many and varied duties to attend to, none of which can be neglected. The map shall be as accurate as circumstances will permit. " We have commenced to give dinner to the Iiulian children who are attending school, and who are regular and well- behaved. The {)arents are grateful, and the young people much pleased. The school is tilled every day ; there has never been such a good attendance since tlie Institution was established. I will endeavour to make the expense to the Company as small as possible by providing the greater part of the food within ourselves. I will send you a school report for the last half-year, and a statement of the expense of the dinner to the end of the first month. Mr. Crook accepts the [1870. :)ws: — lo cnm- l ii|)()n iiitl the luld be wo can by tlie irs con- millet at good m spare Is over, t of the ; and I ir. AVe ! land on ;hat part be raised lie stone the laud proceed )n of the oiint for )iiny will [^ iHiip, as nd varied The map children uid well- people Ihere baa ition was le to the iv part of |ol report se of the ^epts the 1870.] niCK A I) llIKMONfJ LAKES STATION. I / I salary ns (ixcd by tlie C'oiii[)any, af prc.-^eiit, vi/. ,tT)(), and CI [)('r head |)er uniiiiiii for the cliihlrt-n who rci^idtirly attend school; thoiigii tills will be a bar-.' liviiiL,' ; hut ho is inlcrr^^ii'd in liie peoph' and ids work. lie wdl soon, al: lind the west winjjf will have to be taken down ; which can be soon done, and the materials will work u|> aij;ain. 'I'he boards of which the walls are composed are laid upon a rouu;h stone foundation, without sills, which should be of ceilar and laid U|)on the stones, and the buttom board nailed upon tlu'in, which nuikes the buildiiiLj better, more durahh^ anil secure. As it is, it would ruck the wniu; to move it, and I lind it would not be adapted to the size or form of the cellar wall ; and that will have to be built higher, to form a foundation for the addition; at presi'ut the west part of the buildiiiu; is so low ihat when the snow is goini^ in >|)rinLi^ the lloer is often flooded. When it is completed I will send you a plan of tin; alterations. 1 will have it done at as ' moderate ' expense as ]-)ossible ; but the value of llu* work will exceed the nuiney ex|)euded, as much of the woi'k will be done within ourselves, and there will be some free labour given by the Indians. AVHlh the facilities we now have, and proper management, I believe every pound expended ellccts improvements on the estate of double that value. The Company do not ytato whctlu'r they wish the outside of the church and scho(d-houao walls to be boarded where the plaster has fallen olf. Iir addi- tion to the a[)pearance, it would preserve the walls from the weather, and thereby make the buildings more durable. The cx|)ense wouhl not be much. Perha[)s you will mention it in your next letter. " Tn refer(!nce to the Indians cutting cord-wood for sale on their lots ; this has been done since I came here, but not sold to the public. We need all they are willing to cut for sale, in addition to what they reipiire for tlurir own use. Our Indian JJaud has been settled here since the spring of Ls;30, a period of forty years, numbering from one hundred to (as now) one hundred and fifty people. Until the timber in tiny locality becomes scarce, there arc only two kinds of wood worth the labour of cutting and drawing, vi/.. ma[)le and beech ; when [1S70. 1 870. J HICK AND rili:M()N(} LAKKS STATION. iri) [\a thon onstiiiit s8 tliiin D lirtd li ^ lumso. .11 away. I\icli cau 111. 'I'lu) a roui:;h L'llar and on tluMii, it would ami that 11 for the is so low '\.-i ot'tt'n an of the 'xpriiso as hu moiu-y ovirsc'lvea, ) Indiana, gcinont, 1 tH on the not state lOiil-houso liv addi- froin the ible. The litioii it ill It'or sale on It not sold tor rill in |)ur Indian a period h now) one loo; WOl' til the .'ch ; when tlioHo nro done, white oal(, ash, and elm arc nsrd. Most of tiie hi'st wood on the estate (as may be sn|)|)os(Ml) has been used I'lir fuel by llic Indians; we. hav(> now to draw it two miles and a hull'. I'rcviou.i to my eomiiifjf, eord-wood wii.s boii'j;liL from the fanners, and dr.iwn by them, foi- the use of the teacher's house and seliool. I lhon;j[ht it was better for tho Indians to earn that money, and I pnt them in the way of iloinj^ so; and, of eonrse, I pay inde|)en(U'ntly for what is nseii in the Mission House. There is no market for it on tht; olhi'r side of the lake; the farmers have plenty of their own y(!t, niid it is too tar to draw it to I'eterboro'. The bteam-boats are supi)lied by the whites, for Indians eaiuiot eompcte with them in the labour market. By the |)rc'siMit plan tlu? Indians are eai'uinj^ as nuich as they are dis[)ost'd to do, or it is |)rolit- able for them, in Ihia item of work ; and all the fuel on tho estate will be needed in the future by the villa lip tli(.' liri'H, tidu; a siiudvc, and ^o to bed aij;ain. In Hiimiiior tiioy put tlu' stoves out. None of the hranehcH of tlio trccH 1(>HS than four or Hix iiu'he.s through are conHidered worth the trouble of }etchiii<,'; what is called the bru.sh (that is, the small underwood and tlie tops of the trees, is entirely useless ; it is piled in heaps as the woik <^oes on, to be burned when dry the followiiif; summer. Taking; out the wood suit- able for fuel helps, of course, to clear the land ; but after that nuieh remains standint? that can be made no use of, which is cut down, ' l()f:;:4e(l and burned oil',' to |)!'epare the t^roiind for cultivation. On experiments made upon vari(l paits of green maple, when dried loses forty-tive |)er cent. A eonl of green beech-wood weighs nearly three tons, and the ordinary season- ing of a year will rediiei^ its wi'ight to about one ton and a half. It will be nwu from this, that every facility ought to be given for tho evaporation of a constituent which, although of vital importance to the growth of wood, is worse than useless after the tree ia cut, either for fuel or manufacturing purposes. It adils to the weight, i iiices decay, and absorbs the caloric during the process of combustion. All things considered, we shall henceforth have to economize the fuel on the estate, foi the sake of the Jndians ; and also see that the young men have an opportunity of earning what nuist necessarily be spent for the supply of the community and the institution. " You will find the items of the Willow Plantation in the accompanying account; I could not give them before it was completed. Such work, when done upon new and rough land, requires time. There has been nothing entered upon this account until now. " The few items entered for the Boarding departiront were j)rocured after closing the last account, and before receiving your letter of December 23rd ; they are needed now. " J am satisfied with your decision respecting the Buildini:: [1870. re-pliici'f, ;l(r.Htt)V('H, (»pon iiiHv .oin. Tlio luul tlu'ii, riuiolieH of roMHidoriMl iriish (tluit iti I'litiivly \w buriieil \V()i)(l suit- t after thivt of, whicli is around tor i^ kinds of • cent. t)f its •ta of svcon ,rd of J^M-l'lMl nary scuson- n and a luilf. to bo fiivtMi U!j;h of vital urtoU'SS aftiT urposes. It the caloric nsidi-rod, nvc estate, foi ms men have be spent for itation in the jefore it was Id roni,di land, Id npon this artivent wore lore receiving liow. ItUe BuiUliiif,' 1S70.] HICK ANO f IIKlVlONd LAKKS STATION IHI ncfoiint. I will send n n'|)ort of tlie seliov)! lor llie lust half- year, niul write on other subjects, shortly." On tlic lOtli July, 1870, the CV.mniittoo "granted 15 to the l{('V. 10. If. l{()l)(>rts, for the purpose of pl!iniin<^ willows on tli(! Company's Chcnion^ Ivstiite, it bcin;^ dc- sirablo to enc(jurii^L' tlio ninkiM<^ of willow hnskcts l»y tlu) Iiidiuns of tlmt district. On tlu! 15th Anf,'ust, lH7o, the Kcv. !•:. \i. KoburU wrote : — " You desired to have a statement, at the end of a month, tif the probable expensi' of provitliii;^ dinner for all tlie Indian ehil- dreu ref^ularly atteiidini,' school. From twenty to twenty-live clnldroii have b(.'en su|)plied with a comfortable dinner daily, in their dinin^'-rooin, from the commencement of the [)resent half year. 1 endeavour to supply the food as unich as possible from the produce of the .''hool farm. NV^hat has been recpiired ill addition to that does not exceed si.v dollars lifty cents. If we take an averajije of twenty dinners per day or about 500 per luontli, then tlw expcMise is about three farthinj^s per dinner for each child. The cost will vary a little in dift'erent seasons, according to the food we have to {)rovide. 1 think the neces- sary outlay for this department for the half year will be from eif^ht to ten pounds. The arranp;ementa of the institution are now very complete, and after the Company's directions are carried out and the improvements now in progress are aceom- plisjied, the Indians will, I trust, increasingly ap[)reeiate their privileges and continue to im[)rove by their great advantages, and we shall endeavour to build upon the substantial founda- tion thus laid. The improvement of the race must necessarily be slow, but the progress made during the last two yf\T,rs baa exceeded my most sanguine expectation. " We have done some work on the new road, chiefly in con- structing bridges and ' cross-ways' over low or w t places, where there might be a swamp or a creek crossing the line of road. Such places, while left in their natural state, are gene- rally im|)assable in the spring and fall, and small creeks flow- ing from springs in the woods seldom freeze hard enough in —Hi- ixMtftM hrfaMiiM :; :t :i;';i 182 UICi; AM) CII L.MONO LAKES STATION. [187u. tn^'i wiuter to carrv a team. Tliero wa.s one siu-h on the new road which gave us niueh truuhli' last winter ; it is now bridj^ed. " Last spring there was a great flood in almost every pai't of the province, which v*aused much destruction of property and loss of life in some pia"ffs. As this portion of the country especially ahounds witii lakes and rivers, it was sure to sutler. Tlie water in the lakes rose from six to eight feet, and in the river Otonabee iifteen fett above the average height. Indians, who believe they can remember this district for si.xty years, liever knew tho lakes so high before. Almost every bridge, j)ier, and wharf was more or less injured, and many carried away. Tiie lar'/e mills were in danirer. One of our most en- terprising and extensive millowners (31 r. JSamuel Dickson, of Peterborougli) \\as standing on a pier connected with one of his mills on tlie Otonabee, directing the eti'orts that were being made for the security of the mill, when suddenly the pii-r was lifted fnun its foum'ition and [)recipil. .ed into the impetuous torrent, wl.ere it was soon dashed to pieces. j\lr Diekscjii clung to the iloating timber, but before he couhl be extricati'il he was so crushed and mutilated that he died on the following day. The waters around us rose day by day, like the ancient delugi', with awful grandeur; the lowest parts of the atljacent country were subuu'rged. Portions of the Company's estate laid ui'dcr water for two or three weeks. Some of the Indian dwellings were accessible only by a boat or canoe. The pro- perty sustained littli' damage, however, as 1 took the precau- tion to have the fences, etc. secured. Hut the bridges to t.'ie wharf, which 1 had made as 1 suppt)sed so secure last fall, were raised bodily from the foundation ami carried away like rafts, and then they broke uj) and scattered iri the lake, not- withstanding the pi'ecaution I took to chain them to stidas and load them with stone. The replacing of the bridges will recpiire so\ne labour. '• Some tinu^ since you inquired whether any Indians from other bands were coming to settle at CluMuong, and whetluT it would facilitate that object to advertise in one or more public journals the privileges which are lu're allorded to In- dians of good character by the New England ('om|)any. I \\ill mention the diflicultii's which stand in the way of carrying out that |ihin. Kt. Tlu re are few Indians who takt' or n'ad iiew^-- [1870. now roail >ry part ot )perty and »e country L> to snlVer. iind in the . Indian;*, jixty years, •cry briili^is any oarriml Lir most v.n- Dit-'kson, of with one of ; wore bein;.; tlie pier was e impetuous Mr Dickson )o extricated ho following i> the ancient the adjaeent lanv's estate l"ho Indian e. The pro- |; the preeaa- idges to t!ie lure hist tail, iod away like he lake, uot- liMii to stivki^ bridges will Indians iVom and whothor lone or n\ore ItVorded to In- lipany. 1 wi'l carrying out \ov n'ad i>i'Wt<- 1870.] RICi: AM) CHLMONfi LAKliS STATION. 183 papers; indeed 1 do not know an Indian who subscribes lor one; nor have I heard of an instance, exci'pt about ton or fifteen years since JNIr. llulbert published the Pcdnhbiiii (Peep of day), a paper in Indian and J'higlisli ; but not many mim- bers Were pi-intod before it had to be given up, as the ex[)on.se was large and very tew subscribi rs ciuild be obtained, it is highly probable that some of the numerous tribe at Grand Kiver may be readers of newspapers, but 1 am not aware of , Tliis is rather a singular fact, ami one to be regretted. 1 am endeavouring to cultivate among our peo[)le hei'c> a taste for reading, by eircuhiting weekly, from house to hou^-e, various suitable periodicals, tracts, and interi'stiiig bodks, of which we have now a small library. Ihit it wouhl be a mistake to infer from tlie indispos Jon of th(> Indians to read that the ])eople arc without iuformatio.i on general subjects or current events. 1'hey have a great love of talking if not of readinLr, lor which their habits of working, hunting, and camping together give them ample opportunity ; they are also very acute and inlicatioii and a vote of tlio peo[)le, but as Huch accession to their ninnbera diiiiiniMhes their individual annuity by allowing others to sliare it, as may be expected, it is sehlom an application ot" tlie sort is acceded to. It son e- tinics occurs tliat an Indian, from some private reason, wishes to leave one bund and unite with another, but the diificulty referred to stands in tlie way. And this regulation, on the whole, works well, as it is a curb to caprice and nomadic life. ]iut it will be seen tliat it prevents any large accession to the C'hemong band by enn"gration. To move a whole band to Chomong would, i believe, require the land apportioned by treaty to that band to be ceded to the Government, and the Indians allowed to settle in another locality and still retain their annuity, together with the interest of the money for which tile land formerly possessed by tliem bad been sold, all which would retpiire tlu' ap|)roval and action of the Indian department of the (rovernment. And in case these dilllculties were overcome, it would still be very unlikely that the Indians would be willing to move, excej)t in solitary instances; if any persuasion were used to induce them to come to C'hemong, tlu'v would immediately suspect that there was some interested motive at work, and they would expect to be almost wholly supported ; there would scarcely be any limit to their exac- tions. The growth and improvement of the band must be chielly internal and progressive. Hut for the epidomic among the infants last year, tin? increase would have been iifteen, and the decrease six ; as it was tlu'ro was a clear increase of two. There is now a good prospect both that the present members of the band will improve morally and materially, and that there will be a steady increase in their number. "Is it the wish of the Company to insure the buildings — the mission -house — churcii — teacher's house — school houne — barn, and stables? They are not, I ho])e, in much diinger ; but they are worth from £loO() to dUlTOO currency. They might be insured for about "half their value, sav £1U0 on the mission bouse, £200 on the cliurch, £200 on the teacher's bouse, £50 or £7'") on the school-house, and £100 on the l»arn and stables, or about £lO(M). The rate would be 1^ |>er cent., most in premium notes foi' ihiee years, which are only collected in [1870. 1870.] HICli AND CIIKMO.VO LAKES STATION. 185 ived into e, but as iidividiiiil pcctcil, it It son u- iii, wislies tlillirulty )n, oil the nadic lite, ion to the I baud to tioiu'd by it, and tl»e (till retain :iu>ney for n sold, all he Indian dilUculties he Indians :es ; it' ii»y Cheiiion;^', interested ost wliolly tlirir exac- I must be mic among fd'tcen, and ase of two. it members that tliere dings— the II Me — barn, ; but they V might be the mission liouse, £50 uid stables, I., most in collected m case of necessity, aeeording to the fires that may occur. As far as I know, none of the buildings on the estate have yet been insured. Tiierc lias been no tire, exce[)t at some of the Indian houses, but th(^re is no knowing what may happen in the future. About 12.00 (h)llars would have to be i)aid at the time of insuring." The Treasurer, on the 7th September, 1H70, wrote on the subject of accounts and vouchers, and forwarded a map of the Cliemong estate, with suggestions for a floating bridge between Mud Lake and Little .Mud Lake, where an island was supposed to allbrd some aid to tin; establish- ment of communication towards Lakelield. On the -Ath October the Committee granted £10 to the Rev. E. R. Roberts, towards the erection of a shed for basket-making at Chemong, and directed that the boarding he had suggested for the exterior of the church and school- house should be done. lu the middle of October the Tr(;asurcr received a letter, dated 30th Se|)tember, 1870, from the Rev. E. R. Roberts, wliich was as follows : — " I have forwardt'd to your address the first section of the map of tlio Ciiemong Estate, exhibiting the Mission pri'inises, the Indian lots, and farm produce for tliis year. 1 will com- plete and send the remainder with as little delay as possible. Though not executed in an artistic style, yet it will give at one view a correct and minute representation of the way in which the land is laid out. An idea will be obtained of the buildings, the roads, ami the lields, and what they contain, as surely and much more (piickly than by personal inspection. I went ovei- the whole grouinl, and re-measured ahnost every portion as the maj) progressed. Where it was practicable, the various portions of land are drawn according to scale, and tlio relative |)ositions are invari;ibly maintained. Tiie roads and fenciiiir are larger than the scale would have allowed, in order to show them better. The object I tricil to accom|ilisli was to give il bird's-eye view of everything that would he of interest or give information belonging to the estate, to the Coin[)any ; ^fi i '■■' ] ll' I IHG HUE AM) CIII,.\1()N(; I-AKI.H STAIION. |l^i70. niid fur tliirt I (lovinl,(;(l fVom llic hcilc wlicn: it k(m;Iii<'(1 to hi; iKfccHHary. Tlio l^^U'.r to t;xliiljit tlic diviision of tlio IIcIiIm iiiid l( Cllh.MONO LAKKS H'lATION, 187 (1 to hi; (il (ri)iii- li'lH JH ill on: iliH- Hc;irc<;ly ciiUK; 1o !X|)C'<'tf(l ntli I.Ik! I liiiv<; niK'li a.s Iclcd \)y of (;(ilar atioii to iiodcrali! : map in loriM UHi lltC'lKlc'd. 10 c'Hlato ou.sc thirt [>rii|><'lh!any. A ;^reat (h-ai more is nMjuic(;d ; many have bcf'ii mueh (b-aj)- I)Oiiitoii that they could not be Hil|>|died with Huliieient 1o (•om|dete thi.ir biiibbiif^H nv iiuprovementH. Of eoijivte J hetj tbat j^ofid li.sc in made o!' all the lumbe-r that irt (^iven out. 'I'lie IndiaiiH wi.sh to luiow whether the (Joiii|)aiiy will allow mo to Hiipply th(.'iii with Hhint(l<;« on the saim; terms (i.e. halt- |ii'iee). There iw a Hhiiif^le mill on I'i^eon ljak(;, about hix mile.s I'njiii lis, where I obtain them. 'I'hey eoHt thero ^"2.(H) jjer thouhand ( = H.». 'Id ), and there ib a little expeuHo incuirt.'d in f(;tchiii;^ them. Shinj^le.s la^t from iifleen t(j twenty yearrf. Many (d" the; Indian houne« have bejii built much lon^^er than tbut time;, and the rtjoln are bt-ginning to leak, and will re(juiro rc'-Hbin<^lin^ by hcjiiio meauH bef(jre lonj^j. An ordinary lof^- boll^^e takes nix tbouHand to hhini^le it. 'J'Ik; Jndiaiirt would put thi'tii on thems(dveH. " The erop (if all kinds of produce on the Jndian farms has been p;ood tliiH y(?ar, beyond an averaf^e for them, owiii^ to better cultivation ; and every year more land is brou;^ht into cultivation. It is hurjirisinj^ how the crops have grown so W(dl this year, considcjrin;.; the drynebs (if the; neas(in : for two iiKiiiths (if the HumriK.'r tln/ie was not rain sullicient to w(;t the gniund in this hicality, and the ffeat durinj^ part of the time was excessive; the water in the lakes is in c(inse(pi(tiice un- usually hiW— agreat coiitiast to the flu(jd iji spring. L'su illy the thnnder-sb ('iiiii|iiiiiy on tlit> Niiliinl. lie mH<>imIi>(| hi'Ihh ami livrtl willi iih lor iiImhiI <'ij^lil iiKHitliH iNnlliiii^ isi rlinr^cil I'dt' liJM liiinni in I lir ncrniinl. IIim nmllni- wmm vrry lliiiiiUiil lo tlu' t'ninpnnv lor Ihh t'ljiiciil ion, timl lo iih lof lln ciiro liiKcn of liiin. " Tlic Hiilijocls rc'IrrrcMl lo in voiii' Irtlrr ol' Till Scplnnlirr plinll rcfoivo my oiirrlul tillciil ion, uml I will write lo yon tVccIv on lliom. " I rorwiU'ij t\ Hliilcmcnl ol'lho hcIiooI lime iiml llio mrt'lin^H for rcli^ioiiN cxcrciHcH nml iiionil iiisl ruction. "There iin» hoiik" Ited clot lies lielonf'iiifj; lo llie ('oin|iiiny thill were in use iit llie ho;irilin;r-hoiiMe. Iitil wliieli are nol, now needed Ihere. When the UnMidiii;; 1 )e|iinl iiienl. wiis elosrd, they were wiishcd and |miI away. Will yon Kindly iii^^lnicl. me what had heller he tlone wilh Ihem'r' I enclose an inven- tory, showing; also the |iresenl value of I he arlicles. Some of Ihe Indians liave ap|died lor them. Are I he widows and invalidn to have tluMii F Shall Ihcy he jMV(>n IVec p or sold lo lh(> Indians al a reduced price, perhajis hall' Ihe value? I'nl, HoiiH> who would ne(>d Ihcm mo.sl would not. he aide lo pay anylhiiifj;. "I send also 'a dchlor and creditor slalcmeiil (i^iviuf^ totals only) ol the account rendered IlOthol' .lime hist.' if I understand what is desired; hut. there eaii he no ' halance," an nil the money is paid hy me hofm-c the account is senl, ami I draw the rxiwt sum that is thus due to me. There was never nnv money sent in advance, e\i'ept tor the hiiildiiif.; of tin; tuissit>t\-luHisi\ "There can he no tiiiih(>f accoiinl. as in IM i*. (Jilinoiir'H time. whtMi timher aviiilahle tor sale was disjioscd ol'. Since my a^eiu'y there has not heeii a tree sold, and therein liom^ to sc^ll, " 1 thanlv you for th(> sketch of llie <^slate. It is correct on the whid(\ except th(> road lo th(> Indian farms is nol jiroperly located; but the part ridatinj;' to the ' proposed hiidj^(>' is ex- oeedinulv inaccur;it<>. I will send \oii full pai'ticulars short Iv. " Mv brother in-law, Mr. I'ercival \\'rii;ht, w ho waitiMl upon you al the olllce of tlu^ Compain three ye;irs siiic(> and hecame , one of my bondsmen, died o\\ the tlh of this month 1H7«I UK 1. -\Nlt CIIIAfdNtJ I.AKK.S STMIOV, ]H() ' S/ii/riiir-nf ttf Tlmr mill Onhr itf Iffliiihiii'^ mul Mnml hiKhnn- luni, mil/ Sr/iiin/ //iiiir.-j, nf /In- t '/ifiimii'/ /inhmi I ii^l il nl nm . Hi Nii\ Y McIimipI. |''riiiii |(( f.» I'J A.M. 'I'iiukIiI iiy I'] W'Mir.HTs, (J ('hook. Mini Advis l{oni.llTs. Kni^liHli Service, \'\i>\\\ L':i') to |. iwi. lni|i;iM Service. r'roiii '5 I'.O In H |>.\|. 'I'll l,SI>\ V lOiinlisli I'riiyer Meeliii!^ tiiiil lii'cliire. (''r'nii 7 to H.:io r.M. WkMNKHMA V : - \''tc!il Mii.-iic, nilli IihI riii'l ion I'roiii 7 lo M ,';() p \i. 'rili'itHKAV ()il(,ern;il(>) : - 'reiii|M'r;iiiee Meel.iiiif I'imim 7 l'» !( \< \\ l''llll»A V : liiiliiiii I'niyer Mcotiiii,'. I'"ri»iii 7 to H.IJO r.M. Srlniitl . Monday, 'I'lrKHKAV, 'riiiniHDAV, I'iuday: — Kn.m !) to 1 l.:{() A.M. 'I'dicliiiiu;. I''riiiii I I. MO 1,(1 12 a.m. (..'Iiil(ln;n',s (liniier, fil, wliicli Mr. ('hook |ir('Hiil("«. I'roiii I'J In I I'.M. licccHH. I''i'()iii I Id I' I'M. 'I'eficliint^. I''r()iri .'{ |(» ."» r.M. Suiiie iHiil'iil (Miiplo/irif.iit. for tlie oMfsr children. VVkI)Ni;si)AY mikI Sati kdav: — l''roiii J) to ll.;!(). 'I'eucliiii^, t'olloAed by diiiricr and wf)rk (»r recrejil ion. I'm DA V A I ll".l(>fOON : 'I'll*! (iirlH iii.striiclrd in Sewini^ Jnid Knittini,', by .M ra. CitOOK find A (INKS liollKRTH. Tivmiirk. — In addition to t*'.'H;liini^ tlin Scilioo), Mr. Crook assists at flu; iii('f;tiii<.,'s ; (iiiiploy.s tlio children; work.s in tlio teachers' tieid, wIktc, fu! lias en'cctcd jj;rcat iiii[)rovcrricnt3, to till! pcrinanent iinproveiiient of the land ; assists in thf; L,'(;iifjral fann.,.^ and biisiiie.s.s of the institution; studi»'.s Indian; and iitti'iulH to tlie wants of" his family." k^ i i 1 1 .1 \\\{) liin \\l> (in ^t^^'ll MMw niMltiN, |H7I> ! I 'I'lir ( 'omniilli I', nil llir bl NnMiiilMl. IM;(», iiMithrd iIimI |)ii' |{r\ I'lilwiuil l{ KiiIiiiIm mIimiiIiI lie IiimI nirli iI In iillm 'liiiiii|i"i III llir ImliimM nii llir > :iiiir liiiii'i im Imiii 111 r liMil lirt'ii Mii|i|i|i((l. \\/. Ill liiill cmmI |iiirf, mill iil-o In :illtM\ llirm i^i intirli liliiiliri (or lliril liniiMi's n-^ ill! y Vn|iiirnl AI-^M lliiil III!" MiniKt'l" Mini lirililiii(< (niiiirrly ii-miI nl llic liniirdiiij', linii^i' Mlinnld l>i> iIihI riliiilnj iiinuii^Ml llic liiiliiiii Moiin 11, III llir |{rv. MilwMliI l( HnlirilM* ilimrcl inn im In jincr, i>r ii-^ In »• {^ilN In llir pnnr .Mr Hiilili. nl rclt'ilinroiii'li. rpi"' <'miiiii|ii, iilliii(|t(| llir • niimnHi r, nml iiili>niiri| llimi IIimI Im rnii'udrit d llir roiisl nirl ion ol n lilid<',r li>r riMimcl in;' llir I 'niii|'iiiM 'm (lu'iiiniiU l'",s(;ilc Willi llir iiMliiiliiiid iiii|ii iirl iridilr, on nrr.Miul oi '^\>iiin|>M, widioiil vny lirii\\ r\ |n iidil in r <>ii (lir ^^(ll P( rriiilirr Mr. i'iduiiid II KnIiriN \nnlr im IoIIowh: - " I :ini iiiM\ iiMr Ir Irrwinil Ir \i>ii n cmiiiilrlr mI nicmriil i\\' llir iIikI rdml irii ol liiiiilirr lo llir liidi;iiii lor llir cmiriil \r(ir. \ h :i\ r riuicMV rill ril loinilirrr lo \oiir (lirrrlioiiH lu •liiilrl \ ll't pos>ihlr. Mill! \oii will now Hrr llirrn^iill A h I lir ( 'oin|iiinv drciiird np Ml r< Innliiiii!' pMi'l of llir Irnclirr'H lioiinr, I nhlMinnl sullii'iriit Iniiilnr lorlliMi ol»|rrl. uh wrlj mh iIi" t|iiMnlil\ wliirli Ihr InihiiiiM wnr |irnnillril lo Iim\<' lor linn \rMr mI IimH piM'tv Tlir Mrow loMil ^o«V^H>0|rrO w Mil MM III I tr MM I iniilil iiiiliirr iM r. SliMW. ol' llir HiirKliorn nulls, lo Irl in liM\r mI llril |iiii'r, mihI to biinj; il Willi his slrmiilioMl lirr ol' cliMr,",!'. ( )iii' mi'hu will onI\ c:\\'V\ (sMlrlv^ !(>(>() I«m-I. miiiI iI rriininvi lour iiirn I wo dM\N. to Irlili (lir limdirr 111 llril wmv; winrli. mI .S!*"* |"'I' d;u i^irli (hoardinfv tlirms(>l\t-s). would h(< luill' lli<' roul, nf llir hiiubiM' thnt ronld hr broiirlil. In iIimI cmmi" il would liav(> rosi us S-***^'* 1'^ l''''\«' Inoii.'dil llir.MMHlO Irrl lo our iMiidiii/!;. \Vr lirtd r\prri(Mirr ol' this w hrn tlir Iioiin(> wmh Iniildinji;. r UMV wMs unM\ouiMl>l\ soiiH> rxpriisr iiuMirrrd in tirliv(>riii>^ th<> IninhiM" t'roni tlu> srow , Miid IIkmi diMwinr; it tlir ilif;lMiirr ol" llOMrly :\ niilr t'roni tlir HnrKhoni ImiiIiiii; lo m smirr mihI roii- v«>niont plarr lu^ar llir Mission prriiiis(>s. TlirwMlrr.'it thr IHV" met; AMit ( MiMt'iMfi riKi'4 Nf/'.tMi' '»l ( ' III 11(1 ii lit MCI I V lfii|iliiii' '.^ 'I't I liiM I Mil 'ill '1 1 1' 1 V I M iii| mil /iC MIhi'.v'h hii'iri" MC'MV ciiiniiii m ; fii'ici'ivr, I IumI inl 'il llnl |imi<> (»'i(, llir I. 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ImHiIii'I- IIITiiI iImm' I'l llli' (|Mirilllv MM'I IjiM'l, llll'l (t'l'lc'l liiill llii> rii'il |ii|- I li'iiriiiiiil I'l III'' IimIiiiM'i' n'C'iiiiil " ; llii'V lir/ii jml I'liMi'iliillv |immI I'imI 'iI llii'ir •niiiinls'^ lli'ir ii'ifli'in (I'lr I IiimI I'l |MVI' lllllll I'lc'lll llll Ml I'lillli II.'m VI'mI, 'iHil'l '//|.|'' Mi''/ I'Mil'l Mill liii I- liiiiMilil il 'iimI mmi'I" II II' III I III l/'M'' 111 |ir''|i'iri« llll III'' lllllll I) I'll" ImiiiIp'I' vV'.'Ii lliii'i iiIiImiM''I III II V(-r/ \'iM I'lllr ; ll"Ci, lllll'i'il, IImiii III" 'ii"l III' |il'i(lM"ill|^ ll I'lllI, Hi'iilj^i il in (^iiiiil M'HiimI liiiiilii'i-, iiimI 'iikIi mm (lll'^^■l•^^ nil (mii (i'"<'"i In ri', il JM ii'il. Ill" lii-il '|ii(ilily, 'If ' clMiif liifiili"r,' / '• ji't- II I lly llll' li'iMi lii'il't iiM'l lili'iMi'li'"!, llll'l A'lii'li in mIi'[i[i'''I t'» III" /\ Mii'iiriiii iM'iilii I \\'\\ III" MUM" i|"-i(iijil,i'iii 'if luirilc r lllIlT \\l' llllVM fij'll (ijl'V lln'il lll;^) i-l WitM M'll'l III I'l'l II Icil'i' I'lT J^iri.dO |ii r I liMiimiiiil, vvli"r";i'i i(. I'l'il ih Iki", imlii'l ri(i; l'\(ll'll'll'>l ((14 V'"l will MM"), H I ''■"' I'''' t ll'iM'lIlli'l Til" l,WO Ifl'-ll |iIiimI( II liinlii'i', liiTiiiH" llnl, II ii'il, II ll'"" I i|il ion I.ImiI, im #^<- |iii|'Iim| (Viiiii lliin jpiiil. 'll' III" I'Miiiiliv, llll'l I (m'I' T'li'' ii'il, miIImI 1 1. Ih IIim i|i'Hrii|il Hill iJiiil. I'l iiilji'l \<>v " v [Cifliil I'lii, iiii'l 'a lii"ti lll'I'IMIllllllli'M III. Ill" null, lll.'ll. 'AM (^1 I. H'l l'll"(l|» " I'll" I'l'iii 'll' Hn|i|ilv iMf^ til" (ruliiiii't 'A/ilfi lnifil;/ Hi'i'iii^ 111" iiii|ii''iv"ni"iilM wliii'li liiiv III i;')ri-<"ijij<'rH;'t<\ cure (I I' III " Wil.li r''.';iii| l.'i ;iiT.'iM:';iiiL^ T'lr Mi" Iu-mIht in t li" r'o'opriny''* ii'TMiiiit, iiiy |iliiii \^ UiiH : I.') eiilei' fli" hiill' \,\\' f, of tli/if, ■h\\'cM Hie IihImimh liave iiliea'ly i^'il,, nii'l y<--Kirw<; Ui<; re-<(', \.'i \><', i'mIi'II'iI iiM'ler iJie diU'ei int. liia'liii;^-< wlien ii.-^cA of. v T^ 192 RICK AND CIIKMOMi I.AKKS STATION. [1870, f I i 'llic new portion of tlio teacher's lioiiso will hv built (n.v.) ni'xt H|)riii;i[. I du not know exactly what will be; recjiiired I'oP that work, as we sliall use as iiiiKth of tlie old material ns can be worked u[) witlujiit dctriiiieiit to the building. And 1 shall prepai'C (this winter) the luinher suitable for faciiiij; the seliool- house nnd chapel, as far as it will i,'o. This will bo done with Ij inch flooring, planed on one side, tonyiied and grooved on one edge, and bcvilled on the other. It makes a very neat nnd durable wall when washed with water-linu! or [)ainteil, nnd tli(* bnildings iu»w absolutely rccpiire it. The old method of ' rough casting' buildings is now abandoned where lumber can be got at a re;isonable rate. The plaster will not renwiin on the walls long, e^pecially in the case of defective workmanship, and there is much art in [)repariiig it pro|)erly. This is parti- cularly fo tad to be the case on the south sid(> of buildings, where it is subject to the alternate action of thawing and freezing. The snow that attaches to a rough east wall, either by snowing or blowing, or both, thaws during the day, when the sky is clear (and in Caiuida we have a decided climate, as a general rule it is either storming or bright sunshine), and then intense frost ensues at night. Thus, as maybe expected, in a few years the plaster peels ofl', and looks very patched or ragged. Hut what ia of more conse(|uenc(;, the wall b(!coine8 exposed to the action of the weather and atmosphere, which produces rot. Hut the clap-boards will obviate these (.'vils, and give a good appearance to the buildings. Then, if there is hnnber of any description left, after finishing the work now directed to be done, I suppose the Company will wish it to bo disposed of to the Indians on the same terms as it has been during the present year. Thus it will be seen that I canm)t specify in the account the purposes to which all the lumber is appro])riated until it is used. The only other plan (that I see) would be to enter the whole at first, and then give the details of a])propriation afterwards. You may periiaps state which mode you would prefer for the future-, or suggest a better plan. Whatever you think is most desirable I will gladly adopt, or act u])on, to the best of my ability. I send you Mr. Shaw's receipt, together with a statement of ex|)enses, and the rate per thousand with the ex[)cnses added. m f [1870. 1870.] KICK AND (IIKMONO LAKKS STATION. 103 I, (D.V.) ircd I'dp i\A Clin I 1 shall ■ HcllOol- )no with )()vt;il on Bry iit^at itt'tl, and cthod of nl)(.'r can 'inaiu on manship, I ia parti- )uil(linj4H, \\u dinners at tlii^'xpiration of the current year'r Tlie present system works well. The school is ni a f,'ood state as to attendance and improvement, as you will sec by the forthconiing report. The I'xpense of the food which it was necessary to buy for the current half year will not excised ..J^'LM.OO, exclusive of the |)ork for the next year, This is the pork season. It was necessary to lay in a stock for next sum- mer. We buy the piaying the missionary ,S lOO [)er annum out of Indian funds. " I am hardly yet in a position to speak with contidi'uce or certainty of my ' prospects of usefulness.' There is plenty of work of all kinds to be done here, and no present prospect of help to do it. I want one nuvn, at least, a Mohawk (for no white man here can speak the Indian language), to assist me iu parochial visitations, in services tor old pco[)le who know but little Englisli, and in an; way in which an assistant can be made useful. But it is hard to get the right kind of man, and if found, how is he to be paid ? " The grant of the New England Company has been useful, and I thiidi should be continued. Indeed, if it is not, the school in part sustained by it must be given up till some I i I! 198 BAY OF QUINTE STATION. [1870. other means of support is secured. AVe have liad a very good scliool here, and liopo to keep it up, but this cannot be done without aid. Jf tiie Company continue it, whicli 1 trust they will, 1 will sec that an iinnual report is sent, and that it is a correct one ; and if there be any other conditions attaclied to the grant, would you kindly inform me of them, and I will endeavour to have them carried out?" On tlic 30th December 1870 the clerk wrote to Mr. Stanton, by direction of the committee, informing him that the Company would be disposed to continue the grant of £4>o per annum to the liay of Quinte schools, by an annual vote, so long as satisfactory accounts and reports were fur- nished to them. nl 1 : [1870. NEW ENGLAND COMPANY. 199 sry good be done uat they 3 it is a aclied to id 1 will to Mr. liim that grant of 11 annual ,vcrc fur- GAllDEN RIVER STATION. 1851-70. This Station is on an Indian reserve, situate on the Garden Iliver, a tributary of the River St. Mary. Tiic latter river is the boundary between Canada and the State of Miehi- gan^ and near the falls of the last-mentioned river, called the Sault Ste. Marie. The station is north of Lake Huron, and near the lower end of Lake Superior. In 1854 an applieatiou was made to the Company for assistance in this quarter by the Rev. Dr. O'Meara, Mis- sionary Chaplain to the Indians of Lake Huron and adja- cent parts at Mahnetooahning on the great Manitoulin Island. During the years 1855 and 18aG, the Company placed two grants of £150 at tiie disposal of Dr. O'Meara; he applied them in aiding the Indians to bnild a ^Mission House for the aceommodation of Mr. and !Mrs. Chance, who were sni)crintending the schools, and the girls who were under instruction in an Industrial School. A fur- ther sum of £'60 was granted in 1^5(), to assist in l)uild- ing a bridge across the Garden River. Soon alter this, Mr. Chance was ordained, and since that time has re- mained there as the missionary of the Company. In 18G0 a new school-house was built by the Company. This station was visited in 18G8 by Mr. Henry J. Lister, who, in his report to the Company, recommended their withdrawal from this station, as the majority of the Indians belong to the Roman Catholic Church, which has a mission established there. In IVIr. Chance's report to the Company in 18G9, he estimated the whole number of Indians on the Reserve at 300, of which number ordy 1 lO were Protestants; he also states that the number is not increasing. In 1SG9 the Committee on Indian iitliiirsof the New England Company decided, that when Mr. C'hance T^ h I 200 GARDEN IllVEll STATION. [18G8. ■It, ;|l' permanently leaves the Garden Ilivcr Station, it uill l)e expedient to irive up the niist^ion on that Reserve. Mr. H. J. Lister's Report, (25th February, 1809), as to this station, was as follows : — " On the 12th of October 18(58, I left Toronto for your station at the Sault Ste. ]\Iarie, a distance of 450 miles, taking the steamer from Collingwood, in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, and arrived there on the morning of the IGth. " Mr. Chance had not returned from Europe, but I was cordially received bv his wife. This Reserve is situated in the midst of really beautiful country, ami for seven or eight miles forms the left shore of the important navigable river, Sainte ]\Iaric, by which all the shipping from and to Lake Superior must pass, and wliicli is the boundary be- tween the State of Michigan and Canada. This Reserve, allotted by treaty in 1850, has been much encroached npon, as the map (of which I took a tracing) shows, and I think will in course of time be bouglit by the Government, as it is still too largo for the 3 100 Indians Avho are on it, and will not be a good i)lace for them when the American shore is thoroughly settled, and the temptations to smug- gling and drinking are largely increased. Affairs between the Government and Lidians of this Reserve are at a dead lock. The land was granted to the latter absolutely, but as it contains valuable tindjcr, there were perpetual quar- rels between the Indians themselves about the cutting of it ; for as they had not allotted the land among tlie diffe- rent families, any man could cut timber where he liked, and sell it for a mere nothing to the first speculator. The Government then said to the Indians, * Yield your right to the timber, and we w ill put you on the same footing as whit(! men, except that you shall pay a smaller licence (to be invested for your benefit) than they.' The Indians refused, as they say Government money passes through so many hands that by die time it reaches thcni there is but [18G8. 'ill be , as to r your miles, u Bay, of the t 1 was atcd ill ;vcu or Lvigable 1 and to lary be- ilcservc, ■voaclicd s, and I rum cut, re on it, mcrican smug- ictweeu a dead elv, but lal (^uar- utting of -,e diffe- ic liked, The )ur right noting as iccnce (to 1SG8.] OARDE.N RIVER STATION. X'Ol jr Indians •ough so •re is but little left ; and as the Government are firm, they will not even grant lieences to those who apply for them, and have prosecuted some Indians uho cut tinil)er without. "I do not thiidc our authorities wish to oppress the In- dians; on tiie conrrary, they take too much care of them, and, by treating them as children, enervate them. " Indians are not at all stupid, but hate steady labour, and catch readily at the theory, that I am afraid istoool'ten pre- sented to them, that the English are merely intruders, who ought to support them as they have taken away their land. "This view is quite incorrect, I tiiink, for when in 1856 or 1857 our Government bought up all the Indian claims to the country between Pcntaguishenc, in Georgian Bay, to Pigeon Point, on Lake Superior, our frontier with the United States, a coast-line of more than 600 miles, they found but 1 100 Indians in the whole of that vast territory to treat with. Surelv these 1 100 can hardly be said to own the land they merely wandered over. " 1 cannot see why our Government should not pay a fair amount to the Itulians for their claims, and then treat them in all respects like their uhite neighbours, and let each man buy back whatever land he needs. "Of the 300 to 100 Indians on the Reserve, not more than 1 10 are Protestants ; the rest are Roman Catholics and at- tend the Jesuit mission church, which, with the mission- house, is close to yours; an unfortunate circumstance, as the two religions are thus brought into collision, and we cannot suppose that the quarrels of the rival Christian priests are unobserved by the pagan Indians, or that th.e more unprincipled among them do not sell themselves to the missionary that will give the most. " It would be best for all, I think, that as the Protestants are in the minority, they should withdraw from this Re- serve ; should buy as much land as they require, and then, free from all Roman Catholic interference and jealousy, Mr. ami Mrs. Chance might dcvelope their own plans for If 202 GAIIDKN RIVICIl STATION. [1868. '': I . tho}j;()()(l of the Indians. Mrs. ('hiincH^is tlu^ only ono of the wives of the missionaries who has tanj;ht herself to s|)(>ak fluently the lanij^iiaj^e of the people anionj^ whom she lives; and I eould plainly sec that the Indians looked up to her for adviee and assistance. The duties of ordinary house- keeping^ at the Sanlt are sjdiieienlly heavy, as there is no communication with the rest of the world from November to the cud of Ajjril, much nu)re those of a clergyman's wife who has a family to brinjif up. "The Indians on this R(!serve are very nnich better ofl' than those at Chenunifi; Lake, and 1 think the whole band cultivate about lOO acres, at least that was the quantity Father Kohler (the Jesuit missionary) told nu.>. Mr. Kohler has built a (ine-lookinjj^ grist-nnll at the expense of 8 lOOO (.£81)0), which is perfectly useless, as Mr. Chance o[)|)os(!{l his getting; a title to the land, thiidvini^ Mr. Kohler's terms exorbitant; and as the Jesuit would iu)t ^ivc way the mill remains without its maehinerv. The (Jo- vernmcut Superintendent at the Sault Ste. Marie; said that Mr. Chance was in the wrong ; but a casual visitor can- not judge. As far as I could see, however, the Jesuits seem to have great tact in their dealings both with Go- vcrunient ollicials and also the Indians. " There arc about forty children on the books of your school, but the day I was there being a holiday, I did not see nuiny of them. " Mrs. Chance talked of starting a store or general shoj), which is much wanted ; aud the expense would be small as there is a capital store-house close to the Parsonage, and quite on the wharf where the steamer stops. After a little superintendence by the missionary, there is no reason why it should not succeed better than those on the Grand lliver lleserve, for the white traders here make a deal of money. The sight of one prosperous Indian would do more to stir up emulation — the quality they most want — than anything else. a\ isfis y.j OARDKN RIVKIl STATION. 203 "After h'aviiif^ tlu; Mission, I went to the villii^e of tli(! S.'iult, uiid (lulled upon the (loverntneiit SuperiiiteiKh-nt of Indians, Mr. Wilson, \vh(!re I took a traeinj; of the Reserve and eonntry around." Mr. H. .). Lister'.s lleport, concluded with the following summary as to this station, — " Money to he advanced to Itev, Mr. Chance to hny goods for a store;. IIors(!-ferry worked l)y a chain is wanted across (jiarden River. N.IJ. The expense for this should he very small, as the Indians are good hoat-hnilders, and get their wood for nothing." 'JMie f(;llowing resolutions were passed hy the Committee on the J>7th of April 18(11),— "Resolved that the Rev. James (^^hancc; he informed that the (>ompany have considered the wish expressed in his letter of tin; l.^jth oi' l''el)ruary last, on account of ill- health, to he removed from Garden River, to some other mission among Ojihways or kindred tril)es further south of that station, and to impiire whether he would he will- ing to take up his residence on the Company's land at Chcmong Lake; and in the event of his doing so whether any of the Indians at Garden River would he likely to accompany him as settlers upon the Company's land there. " Resolved that the Rev. James Chance he authorized to accompany the proposed deputation of Indian chiefs to he appointed at the Council at Garden River, in June next, to Ottawa, to confer with the Government authorities thereon the suhjcct of thetimher dues, and other (jucstions connected with the treaties with the Indians as recom- mended in ]\Ir. Chance's letter of the 20th of Feliruivry last, and that a sum not exceeding 150, to defray his per- sonal expenses and entertain the Indian chiefs at Ottawa, he allowed to Mr. Chance. I 201. nVRDRN RIVKll STATION. [1869. 1'. , ?! I I H On the 30tli of April, 1809, the Treasurer wrote to the Rev. James Chance tliat his proposed resij^nation of the Garden River Mission, and Mr. Henry Lister's report on that Mission, had been considered, and the Committee had decided tliat it wouhl be expedient on the part of the New Enj^hind Company to give up the Garden River jNIission when Mr. Cbance finally left that Station ; and added, " I enek)se a lithograph map of the Garden River Reserves, and sliall be obliged to you to mark on it the precise position of tlic Roman Catholic ^lission under Father Kohler, and of th'^ Grist Mills, and the Mission House in which you reside, and to return this map to me. When vou leave Garden River to whom do the Protes- tant Mission Buildings belong?" In July 1809, Mr. Cbance returned the printed map to the Treasurer, and sent hiin a rough map intended to show the relative positions of his ^Mission and of the Roman Catholic ]\Iission, and to mark out the tract of land given to his predecessor, the Rev. A. Anderson, by tlie Indians, on tiie 1st June, 1819, for the use of the Mission ; and ^Fr. Chance then informed the Company that Jesuits had settled on the land and erected Mission buildings, and th.at he had not thought it advisal)le to take proceedings against the Jesuits for their intrusion, but had lately written to the Government for an equivalent to the land occupied by the Roman Catholics, and that the Govern- ment had i)romised to consider his a))plication ; and that if he succeeded, he wished to have the 200 acres conveyed to the Company, with their permission, as tliose jNlission buildings belonged to them chiefly ; and that he had col- lected funds from personal friends in England towards the erection of some of the buildings, but that he willingly handed all over to the Company. Mr. Chance at the same time forwarded to the Treasurer a memorial to his Excel- lency the Right Honourable Sir John Young, Bart., K.C.B., (lOvernor-General of the Dominion of Canada, w I [18(59. TOtC to atioti of s report inmittoo piirt of n liivcr 3n ; and Ml iliver 311 it the 1 under ^lissioii p to nic. ! Protcs- 1 map to to show ! llonian .nd given Indians, and ^Tr. uits had ngs, and ceedings id lately the land Govcrn- and that conveyed Mission had col- ,vards the willingly the same is Excel- g, Bart., Canada, GARDEN lllVEIl STATION. 1869.] etc. etc. etc., from 13 Indian Chiefs of the Ojihway In- dians, praying relief as to the amount of Indians' annul- ties, and the numher of recipients, and a right of fishing alleged to be withheld. The memorial stated, among other things : — 1. That in or about the year a.d. 1.S50, thoy ceded to ITor Majesty's CioveriniKMit (he wliole of tlic vast extent of country bordering on the northern shores of Lakes Huron and Supe- rior. 2. That tlie Treaty of cession provided, that slioukl the territory so ceded at any future period produce such a sum as would enable the Government, without incurring a loss, to in- crease the annuity already secured to them, tlie same was to be augmented from time to time, provided that the amount paid to eaeli individual should not exceed £1 currency iu any one year. 3. That under tlio system of free grants of lands to actual settlers, the territory so ceded would produce no funds whereby the said annuity could bo augmented from time to time ac- cording to promise. On the i)th August 18()9, Mr. Chance wrote to the Treasurer as follows : — " I oidy returned a few days since from a long missionary tour in niv small boat, among the Indians, on the north shore of Lake Superior. I was accompanied in my tour by four Christian Indians, one of whom is a second chief and rendered me luurh assistance in my missionary tour, a full account of which I will forward to you in due time. I am much obliged for a copy of the Com[)any's Annual lieport, which is the first I have had the pleasure ot seeing. J seemed to liave anticipated ]\Ir. Lister's report of this mission in my last letter, with the exception ot a few points. Seeing that this is the only Pro- testant nn'ssion among the Indians in a tract of country up- wards of Got) miles in extent, T cannot at all a^ree with, or join in the recommendation of IMr. Lister to witluh'aw from this mission, Avbich should bo the centre of several missions among the poor uncivilized IndiaiK«. " 1 maintain that ilie jn-incipal owners of this lleserve are fi 1 h ft «;• ! , l! I !1; I [ i f! ..? 200 GARDEN RIVKR STATION. [ISfiO. ProtestantB, that this Reaerve was set apart for a Protestant INlission, and that was its cliaracttr until a Govenuneiit ofllcer, under Jtoinan Catliolic influence, during my luiavoidublo ab- sence from the mission on one occasion, persuaded these In- dians, under promise of pecuniary gain, which was never ful- filled, to allow a large number of French half-breeds from the Sault to settle on this Keserve. " The person visited at the Suult by Mr. Lister is not a Crovernment Superintendent, he is a Custom-house oilicer and land agent, and ouly has a sort of commission, given to him when he was nearly the oidy white person at the Sault to act in case of necessity during the absence of the proper Superin- tendent at IMahnetooahning. That person is no friend to the Indians, and is hostile to me, because I protested, as in duty bound, to his illicit connection with the daughter of a respectable member of my congregation, who informed me, with tears, that his daughter had been twice pregmnit by the person referred to. Mr. Lister received some intimation of these facts, and ought therefore to have received that j)er3on'8 remarks cum (jrano solin. In reference to the French Jesuit Ivholer's tact in dealing with Government oflicials, this is true only with the one meiitioned at the Sault, for his want of tact and open hostility to the superior officers of the Indian de- partment is notorious. Tlu; insurrection of the poor deluded Indians at Wequemakoony, prompted by priest Kholer and others, which put the Government to immense trouble and expense, and resulted in the death of a much valued officer, speaks for itself, and is totally opposed to the statement of Mr. Lister. The Jesuits have a sort of suaviter in modo which is calculated to impress and mislead strangers. I do not sup- pose Mr. Lister intended it, but I fear that his report will tend to create a prejudice against the management of this mission in favour of the lioman Catholics. I cannot give way to any one in my disinterested zeal in promoting the civiliza- tion and Christianization of the Indians, and wherever and by whomsoever this noble object is being eft'ectually accom- plished, I rejoice and thank God, but it is impossible for this to be done by aiiy denomination of Christians which ignores the importance of educating the young, and totally and syste- matically neglects them. " Should this IMission be abandoned (which God forbid) the W 1809.] (JAKI)EN lUVEH STATION. 207 ^?^ Roman Catliolioa theinsolvcs, nt leawt many of tliem, would sustain a j^'ivaL lossa, fur tliey tlt'[)ond upon ua Ibi- medit-iiu'S aad other tluiiji;s, and there ia not one of tlicni wlio can read and write but owes tliat ability to us ; and notwithstanilinjj; the prohibition of the priest, aomo attend our school at the pre- sent time. ** The comparative value of Protestant and Roman Catholic missionary ellurts amoiiij the Indians in these; parts was ascer- tained by Dr. Taylor, of the garrison at the .^ault, on tho American side. Dv. Taylor occupied much of his spare time in Indian researches. I[e does not belong to any religious denomi- nation, and his testimony may therefore bo <'onsidercd impar- tial and disinterested, and is decidedly in favour of Protestant missions. "I must leave tlie matter to your own discretion whether it would be advisable to place these facta before the Committee." The Treasurer, on the IGth October 1809, wrote to Mr. Chance a letter, from which the following is an ex- tract : — " ^ shall be glad to hear from you your own plan for the vvin. Do you and Mrs. Chance remain at (harden River until spring ? I am sorry that you did not iind an opening on the Chemong Promontory, near Peterboro', for a new Set- tleraenb of Chippeway Indians. " The Indians now on that estate cannot cultivate the whole property, and your knowledge of the Chippeway language would have been valuable there, both to you and Mrs. Chance. " I regard the settlement of the Roman Catholic misnion at Cfarden River as an accomplished fact." On the 11th November Mr. Chance Avrotc the following letter to the Treasurer : — " I have to report that during the past summer I have travelled by water in the mission boat upw ards of one thousand miles, on visits to Indiana in this extensive district, who havo no resident missionary among them to labour for their tem- poral and eternal good. These visits were extended along the northern shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, and were ac- complished at much expense, danger, privation, and suffering, "Ma 'H f ■W\ 208 (iAllDKN RIVKR STATION. [1809. ri' oliii'lly from the swiirmiii'' liosts of inosciuitoort and blnck flio». Tlio iiii,'lil,s \v(>n' spoilt under (';iiiviih U'litH, mid only on oik^ oi'('iihit»n Wiis I iiblc to obtain a room to sl('t'|) in. "Tbo Indians an; vijry scattered aloiij; the sboro of Lnko Superior, iv few hero nnd ii few there, and their rude viUajiieB, eoiisisting only of bark \vi:;waiiis, are forty, fifty, and sixty miles apart, and the iiiterv(>nin seemed glad to see me. Some of the principal men came afterwards into my tent, and I had a long conversation with them. I arranged to havo service in front of my tent in the evening, and told them that the signal for the time of service would be three reports from a gun. I was fatigued and hungr}', and needed rest and refreshment. AVIien the signal was given for service, the Indians came in large munbers and squatted in front of my tent, at the do liich I performed divine service and preached. ^' Satiinhr , and that many of the Indians from the interior liac. pleted their arrangements to ret urn to-day, or to set out on their return, as it will occupy twelve days to reach their destination. They all assiMubled around my tent, and the chief came and asked mc if I would not hold a special service for their benefit (most of whom were heathen), and read the Great Book to tliein again before they went away. I was doe[)ly moved by this recjuest, and com[)lied with it most cheerfully and heartily. They thanked me very much, and regretted that tliey were under the necessity of leaving then. iMr.ii. [IRfiO. lU'k ni«'w- y on o\w of Tinlto ind Hixty piirt bold IJaylifUl's ,(. interior nr to (lis- .«. 1 bull wlicro tbo ic cxtnifts [>iicb(Hl tlio u' to i^rect uuinl)or of tent in a Imlians — 1(1 1 bad to lands witli I'lni'd gUvd wivrdd into I arranged , and told (1 be tbreo lid needed for service, n front of service and |y from tbo Inrn to-day, Ivc days to Id my tent, (111 a special ]then), and vent away, litb it most Inuieb, and Iving tlien. t; \lil>i;\ Hl\ I It STATION. :J(»!) AVIiil«l I WMH llius (i('cii|ti('e(l the elu.^e nf tlii.s very intercNling werviee, and was deeply iiii|)re.s.ieil lliiM'eby. 'I'lie pornon in eliurye of tim H. H. Company'H post kinlly oHi.'red tlie use of a vacant lioiise, formerly occupieil by oiu; of tlio HiTvaut men, I'or Herviee to-morrow, And as I he evening; was stormy, he also offered me n nioin in liis bouse, botli of which oilers I gladly acee|)te(l. The Botanist reterred to I met with at Miehipieoten, a trading-post nearly SO nnles below the i'eidx. lie had been employed by a society in Mon- treal to examine the flora, etc. on different points along tlu; north sh()r'(! of Lake Superior, lie had arrived by the sti-ainisr at ]\lichi[)ieott'n, which is om- of the tliiH'e .ilopping-plaees on the lake, and there, meeting with him on my way up, bo ex- pressed an earnest desire to accompany me. " k;>ii/i(f(ii/, Aui/iinI I. — Jt was very stormy this morning, and continued so all day, nevertheless, the morning and evi-ning services wen; well attended. The two rooms of the house were crowded, in fact, with the poor Indians, who subsist chiefly on fish, and in the crowded rooms the odour of fish was almost too strong for my olfactory nerves. i\iy eoiupii- r/nun de voi/aije attended the morning, but he could not attend the evening service. At the morning service he was alfeeted even to tears. From his subsequent explanatiini, his tears were of mingled pity and gratitude — pity for the poor Indians in their abject condition, some of whom were only half clad ; thankfulness that they were yet o])eii to the blessed iiifliieiiees of Christianity, and for his own ha|>pier lot in connuon with white people generally. " He was very much struck with the vast inferiority of the Indians at the Peek to those who accompanied me from Garden llivcr, who, at the morning service, were sitting on either side of him, dressed in European costume, with their books in their bands, and joining devoutly and intelligently in the services of our Church. "The above extracts will aflbrd some idea ..s to the condi- tion of the Indians on Lake Superior, and I hope will not prove uninteresting to tlie Committee. You will be glad to hear that during my absence from Garden liiver, the wants of the mission were attended to by a native lay reader, and m ir4; ; ! 1 ■ . 210 GARDEN UlVKIl STATION. [18G0. ■I t Mrs. Cluiiice, who is conaklored by our bishop aa fully equal to a missionary iu hersulf. Tho mission hero is now going on more satisfactorily ; the cliief superintendent of Indians at Ottawa requested the timber agent at tiie Sault without any further question or delay to issue lieenccs to those Indians to whose good character I could testify and for whom I could promise that the dues would be paid. I have given the re- quired testimonials to three, to whom I have given the 21. m of £5 (granted by the Company) to assist them in paying for their timber licences, etc., which a great encouragement to them. A Mr. M'Donald, cousin to the Premier of the P. Legislature, and who has bought the timber outside of the Reserve, h';a just written to me about putting up a sawmill at the moutli of Q-arden llivcr, wliicii will ailbrd a better market for the Indians and save tliem export duties. Our mission has been visited this sunnuer by the Rev. Mr. Givina, R.D., Incumbent of St. Paul's, Yorkville, Toronto, and Chairman of the Indian Committee, and by the Rev. Mr. AVilson and Mrs. Wilson, who have charge of an Indian mission at Sarnia, who seem to possess the true missionary spirit of tlieir late grand- father and Metropolitan of India. The Rev. Mr. Oivins pur- poses making a strenuous eifort to obtain a deed of the land ceded to the mission by the Indians, and suggests that a model farm and industrial scliool should bo established thereon ; and with the prospect of inducing the wandering Indians from Lake Superior to settle here, I should earnestly recommend the adoption of his suggestion. " Since commencing tiie above I have received your letter of the IGth ult., which requires answers to the following in- quiries. " 1. As to the cost of bark work which I sent to you. " 2. As to receipts and expenditures for the present year. "3. As to the deed for 200 acres of laud. " 4. Aa to our plans for the present and future. " I. The bark work cost us about ten dollars, which we wished you would be kind enough to accept as a p.-esent to yourself and other kind friends of the Indians. "11. In January 1 drew for £100, £87. 10s. for myself and £12. 10s. for support of Indian boy under our charge, who I am happy to say is going on very satisfactorily; total, £100. [18G9. equal ng on ins at ut any inns to [ could the re- sum of ring for ment to • the P. ) of tho vvmill at « market ■ mission na, K.D., lirman of aud Mrs. rnia, who ,te grand- ivius pur- f the land ,t a model 'eon ; and iiana from icommend letter of )wing in- fou. it year. Anch. we n'caent to lyself and ■who 1 Ital, €100. FgC' isfi^.] fiAUnr.N IllVl.U STATION. 2\\ In July T drew for .CI?"), ,Cs7. lO.v. for inyself ami £12 lO.,-. for Indian boy; £15 towiircU cxpop.si's in going '.d l'i)i;liiiul ; £5 for statistics ; £5 to aid .Indiana in procuring timber licences and paying dnof, and £50 granted by the ('oinpany (according to INlr. Veiining's letter of INIay 5th) towards de- fraying the expenses of Indian Council, — of a deputation to Ottawa, and my journey to Cheniong Lake. In a previous communication 1 mentioned the j)articu]ars of the council held here in June. (When 1 next write I will enclose a copy of the petition to be presented to Ilis Excellency the Gover- nor-General, which, I think, is a remarkable production for In- dians, and does them immense credit.) 'J'he resolution to hold a more general ccmncil atiSarnia in August, to take inio their consideration the Bill of the Hon. Mr. Langevin and to ap- point a deputation, and which resolution was unanimously adopted by the council at Garden Itiver, was rendered inef- fective by the subsequent defection of the chiefs at Sarnia, under the inllucnce of the local sui)erintendents, who are op- posed to any direct communication or personal interviews be- tween the Indians and the heads of Government. This con- duct of the chiefs at Saruia, after their voluntary action here, which led to much preparation in tlic way of dresses on tho part of the chiefs in this district, was considered very dis- honourable. The Indians along the north shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, who are chiefly concerned in the peti- tion, had not time to arrange for another meeting this year ; they wish, however, to present their jjctition in person, and I advise a deputation to consist of two or three of the prin- cipal chiefs from along the north shares of the lakes to go to Ottawa next year. " The expense of the council here and my journey to Che- niong Lake was <^8G 50c., which leaves a balance of about 15G dollars, which is in the bank. £87. 10a-., £12. 10s., £5, £5, £15, £50; total, £175. "Whilst on this subject, I would further add that the expense of visits mentioned in tho first part of this communication was It tho bereavement and attending circumstances much more ueeply." And on the 27th May Mr. Chance again wrote to the Treasurer as follows : — " The Kev. Mr. Eoberts, your missionary near Brantford, has paid us a visit under the authority of tlie Company, to examine the mission witli a view to an exchange. I presume your letter to apprise me of this visit and its purport has been an- avoidably delayed ; and the Rev. Mr. liobcrts, depending upon your communication wilh me on the subject, I suppose, omitted to inform me of his intended visit, though, had 1 been in his place, 1 should certainly have thought it my duty to communicate directly by letter with the missionary on Avliose hospitality I was about to depend. AVe had great pleasure, however, mi extending the hospitalities of the Miasion House to Mr. Roberts. I took him to the Sault in the mission boat and showed him over the Mission and the Reserve, and gave him the fullest information on all points connected with the mission, but I could not express any opinion as to the object of his visit until I heard from the Company. Yesterday being Ascension Day 1 had divine service, and Mr. Roberts, througl: me as interpreter, jireaclied an excellent sermon to the assembled Indians. As INlr. IJobcits made no secret as to the purpose of his visit on board the steamer, at Garden River and S;iult Ste. ]Marie, the chiefs came to me in great consternation I'ur an ex[)lanation. They expressed their pro- -; .1 k li 210 (i.\UI>i;.\ inVIlK STATION. [1870. louiid regret tliat 1 had entertained a tlionglit even of leaving them ; as I liad been witli them so lony;, thev thow-lit I should always remain with them. They are very warmly attached to Mrs. Chance, myself, and iiimily; and this is natural after so many years of faithful serviee iimong them, and the separation which seems necessary for us will not be cll'ected without deep mutual sorrow. " I had the pleasure of meeting the Eev. Mr. lioberts at the house of the Rev. Dr. O'Meara, then resident at Georgetown, where Mr. Kobcrls was married, but |)revious to that event, and I then was very favourably impressed with his Clu'istiau character. 1 was lately informed by the llev. Mr. AV'ilson of the nature of his diflieulties in his mission, and thought them very serious; but without mentioning this to Mr. lioberts, he voluntarily made mention of his diflieulties, and showed me some of your correspondence, which in a great mensuro changed my opinion, and induced me to reconniiend him favourably to my people, should he be a])pointed to take charge of them. I cannot withhold the expression of my regret that the Company has done so little for this mission when compared with what it has accomplished for others under more favourable and prosperous circumstances ; and that whilst I have been missionary under the Company much longer than two others at least, and occupy the most disad- vantageous and isolated position, where everything is so ex- pensive, and whilst I am the only missionary speaking a native language, and dispensing wilh the aid and salary of an interpreter, I am in the receipt of a smaller salary than any other missionary under tlie New England Company, in Canada. It was only last year that I was favoured with the Annual Report of the Company, and made acquainted with the in- ferior position which I occupied among the Company's Mis- sionaries, or 1 should have earlier submitted that position to the consideration of the Committee. My salary from the Company is inadequate for the support of my fiimily, and the grants for the mission altogether incommensurate with its exigencies, and to keep it in that state of practicable and desirable efticieucy essential to the accomplishment of the great and noble objects which the Company has in view ; and liad it not been for the salary which Mrs. Chance receives from [1870. 1870.] OAKDK.N HIVr.U .STATION. 2\7 li'iivini^ [ should icheil to after so pariition without •ts at the rgotown, it event, "hristiau \Mlson of Tht thoiu )berts, he owed mo uieiiBuro icnd him to take a of my d mission or oth(M's ices ; and nay much otft disad- s so cx- akiag a ry of an tliaa any a Canada. Anaual the iu- ay's Mis- oriitioa to from tho and the with its cable and at of the now ; and eivea from )0 :h y, the society in England for Iicr school, and for the aid allbrded by pei'soiial friends theiv, the mission would not have been as successful and prosperous as it is. Since this is the only Protestant mission among the Indians ia a country more than GOO miles in extent, it needs all tiie su[>port the Company can give to maiataia it ia the highest possible state of efficiency for the beaefit of those who arc uear and for those who are fav away. "It is desirable to plant other missions on Lakes Huron aad Superior, to make this a ceatral mission, and to esta- blish an institution here for the benefit of all the Indian youths who can be induced to take advantage of it." On the 25th June 1870, tlic Treasurer wrote the fol- lowing letter to Mr. Chance : — " 1 ought to have informed you sooner that the negotiation about t!ie clerical missionary at j\lud or Chemoag l^ake be- comiag a lay missioaary and making way for you as a clerical missionary, failed ; indeed it is btst that each missionary un- der the New England Company should have his own indepen- dent ground. " 1 am sorry to hear in your letter of May 11th of y w domestic bereavenient. "Tour letter of the 27th May meatioas the liev. It. J. Eoberts' visit to Gardea River, which he made on the possi- bility of your becoming some day the missioaary at Kaayea- geh, and of Mr. Eoberts, in that case, succeediag you at Gar- den River. " The New England Company have decidod on an inciuiry by a commissioner into the Grand River missions; and one of the points to be considered will be, I hope, the scheme of an arrajigement for a new missioaary at Kanyeageh, having an indqx'iulcnt district there, and the appointment of his own subordinate oflicers. ' The majority of the members of tho New England Com- pany are not fa'vourahle to any change as to any new ai)point- nieiits in the Grand River missions, pcndiag the proposed inquiry, which may very likely conmieace towards the end of July. I cannot say how long the investigation will continue, but perhaps it may be a month from that period. fe 218 (lAiiDKN rivi:h station. [1870. " Will you kindly hcikI nic a balaiicr-HliPot of your accoiiiitH for ISd!)? St) inucli rcccivt'il by l)illn drawn on tlio Now Kiif^laiul ('ompany, and llio rxpcndituro in iicniH, hcIiooIh, HalaricM, rolicf of diHtrcsH auiotifj; tlio IndianH, otc. ; and 1 uliall also be <^lad of pariic'ular.s about ibo iiuudicr of pupils in Ibo (ianl(Mi Kiv(;r n(!h()()ls, llu; ivligious and Hccular Bubjcctu tauglit, and ilio boni'8 of IcHrtona." On the IDtli July 1870, tho Conunittcc; resolved tliat tlie elcrk sliould write to the Rev. James (Jhance that the Company eouhl not then entertain the (piestion of increas- ing his sahiry, l)ut had in the meantime made him a grant of ,C!2() as a (k)nati()n, and also a grant of .t2^) to (Uifray the expenses of (n'eeting a verandah and baleony to the Mission House. The following letter was written by Mr. C.lianee to the Treasurer on the 19th July : — " I have to acknowledgo with many thanks tlio receMj)t of your favour of June 25tli, but I regret to bo informed theieby of the failure of the Cbemong negotiation. I am the more sorry for tliii^, since I beard from tlie late sclioolmastor there (whose information was taken "r//w f/ratio .svf/Z.v") of the very unsatisfactory state of the mission. l'"nim itiy t'xperionce, I cannot believe in tlio successful working of a mission when the missionary remains ignorant of the native language. I do not tliink that the Indians at Chemong are of themselves so attached from princij)le to the pecidiarities of the Baptists or ]\lethodists or any other diaaenting IVotewtant sect, as that they could not be united under the judicioun management of a missionary sjieaking their own language. However, for my own part, 1 could imt go to Cliemong or any otlici- place ex- cept, aa you say in your comuumication, on in(le[)eiident grounds and without the interference or outside adverse in- lluence of any other agent. I shall be glad to hear of the satisfactory settlement of the dilHculties of the Company's missions among the 8ix Nation Indians. The liev. Mr. Koberts invited me there, but as I had heard nothing from you and as I had pressing duties here in preparing for the bishop's visit for eonlirmation, 1 declined the iuvitation. J lis lordship will be [1H70. 1H7().] OAKDKN UIVi;ll STATION. 211) accnimtH tlio Now , Hc'liools, \u\ I hIiiiH [)i\s in the ■ 8ubj('Cttt tlvcd that « that tlie if incroas- m a f^nmt to (IcIVay nv to the nco to the ) receipt of 10(1 theiehy (ii the more iHi(M' there the very )orienee, I sniou wlieu gutige. 1 themselves 10 Haptists t'fi, aw tliat ageinent of ver, for my !• phiee ex- (le[)cnileiit ulverse in- cur of tlie Company's Mr. Roberts ou and as I p's visit for hip will be here on Sniidiiy next with Hcvtrnl ot.li(;r dignitaricH nnd ( Icrgy of the Chiii'ch, thr Key. Cmikim NrNcs iiinoiig the niiinhcr, I am informed. Siinii after their (h'|)!iitiire 1 |nn'po.s(' making a inisHionary tonr (ui l-aki! Superior, 'fhcro H(!einM to hi; aomo iiiistalu! witli referenetf to the day school here, wliieh is Hiip- porLed entirely by the ('. ('. ("h.* Soe'iely and not by the New JOnghind Company. We hav(> an Indian boy in the; Mi-ssioii lIoUHO, HU[i|)orted by tlie Company, who Bpeaks Knglish fluently nnd in being iiiHtructed in all branehes oi' learning reccHsary for a good edueation. " We had a me(!tiiig last week, whieli was well attended, for the [)urpoHo of forming a 'J'eniperanee and Benevolent Society. The chiefs made excellent speeclies in favour of the Society, and 1 promised them a monthly contribution in a certain pro- portion to theirs to eiieouragt; them. There will bo a general council of the Indians from the northiTn shores of Lakes Huron and Superior, on Manetoolin Island, during the pre- sent month, by order of the chiefs, to carry out the objects for which the council assembled lierci last y(;ar. J cannot at- tend the council myself, but I have promised to lend the chiefs some assistance. "The (piestion of land for the mission is to b»; settled when the bishop is here, and then wi; shall recpiire money for fencing and for building a barn, in eotiipliancie with your retjuest, J enclose an account of receipts and ex|)enditureH for the year ending December .'{1st, ISOJ). Wh(,'n F was in lliiglaiid, a poor orphan girl, whilst ministering to the wants of a dying aunt, was very seriously burnt: the Rev. Dr. O'Meara being here at the time, advised that IMrs. Chance should take her into the Mission House, and he would seek funds for her support, but last year he could only raise 5{7 dollars. The girl recovered from the elfccts of the hurii.^, and has been under training at the Mission House at our ex[)ense, which will be 50 dollars iiioi'i; than l)i'. O'iMeara sent, i |jut this down as expenses." On eoiisideiution oi' Mr. (Jhancc's lettc.T ol' tin; HHh July and ac<;oniit aeeonipanying it, the Conmiittee resolved that the liev. .Janicr, Chaiieo should be written to for furtliri' ini'orniation as to the land lor the mission. Also that bis attention should he called to the item in his • rniijiilily "Colonial iiuJ (,'oiitiui:iit;il Church." M 1 r f ^«^ i I 1 ' 1 :i 00() (iAIlDDN lUVKIl Sl'ATION. riM70. jvccomit, of V27. IH.v. (W/. stcrliiifi, jiftcrvvards trcalcd aw .t27. IH.v. (u(. ciinciK'v. Also, that lu; should Ik; inloniKMl that all special paynuMits should have tlu; previous sanction of the ('onuiiittee. The Treasurer wrote; aceordiiif^ly oti the 2()th Septeni- her 1S7(), e.dliu;,' Mr. (Miaimc's attcntiou to tiuj item .C27. ]^s. Cul., whether (turrency or st(;rlin}jf, and added, *' in future it will l)t! best for you to have two columns in " th(! mission accounts, one for curri'nev and the othcir for " tlu! ('(juivalcnts in sterliui; money. All {^(iueral (!\peiis(!s "should, as far as possible, hav(! the |)revious sanction of tin; " ('onnnittee of tlu; New Kn^land (.'onipany. " You have mentioiwd a possible ac(inisition of land lor "the mission, and T should bo ^lad of further information " on this subject. The New ]*]n^land C'ompany do not wisii " to interfere with the land oecu{)ied by the Roman Catholic " Mission in the neiji;hbourliood ofdrarden River, and we " do not know what land is recjuircd by your mission. I "shall be oblijjjed iCyou will inlorm me of the relation of "the Synod of Toronto to the (Jai'den Kivcr Mission. Does *' the Synod possess pro[)erty at (Jardeu lliver, or direct in- " fluence V" On the 8th of October 1870, Mr. Chance wrote as follows to the Treasurer : — "Since my last letter to the Company, the Lord lJislio|) of the Diocese has visited the mission for the })urpose of lu)ldiiiM) I wif,'\vfnn, ami ulimn Mrs. CliMiit'c Ikh] rciixivcd tn tlie .Mission Jl(tii.-s(! duriii!.!; my viMit lo Eiii^'l.-iiiil, died rt'cciitly (.f coiisiiini)- lioii ; sIk! (piitc rci'overrd fr'niii tlic clfcctrt of tliu id)o\c-iiicii- tioiied aceidciil, .'uid madi; j^'n-at proi,'r('.sa in Iicr Htndics, hut (luring last winter the fiitid diHcnsc, inherited from lier parents, heL;an to lU'Vcdop*? ilnelf and, alter month.s of lint,'ering ilhies.s, terminated hiT e.\isten('( . Her snlferin;,'s were mitii,'aled, in a measnre, by the constant cure and altenlion of Mrs. ("hanee, who was more than a mother eonhl possihiy liave been to h(!r ; h\w waH i'ully ])re|)are(l for the (diange, and died a sincere ('In-istian. " In acknowh'dging the r(>eeipt of your Inst lettcT, T have; to thaidc the Committee very nnieh for their donation of £20 lo myself and ,C25 for the ereclion of a verandah and balcony, which 1 Hliali draw on you for in due course. Tlu; Commis- sioner of the N. I']. Company, the lion. A.J']. IJotsford, has in- quired of me, throui^h the Jiishop of Huron, wlusther I Vtould e.\clian<^e my mission for that oi' the Uev. Mr. Roberts; 1 havu replied in Ihe allirmalive, if the necessary ari'anfi;(!ments can be mad(! with the I?ishop of Toronto, and, Irustiig to tho e of Lennox Island, and directed the terms to be submitted for the approval of the next Court. This meet- ing took place shortly afterwards, and arranged that the vendor's title should be satisfactorily shown before the pur- chase proceeded. In DecL-niber 1868, the Society proposed that the Island should be con eyed to the Company as trustees for the Micmac Indians ; and the Committee resolved that they could not recommend the grant by the Company of any Sinn to the Aborigines Protection Society for the purpose of jjurehasing land in Lennox Island, but understand- ing that the acciuisitiun of the land would be benelieial 1869.] LENNOX ISLAND. 2,25 applied towards ICC Ed- ' for the lemorial Society. : in any towards 'otcction tly wit'ii inie time rpetuity, ) be the 3iety the mmittec, meet the for con- jsed pur- ms to be liis meet- that the 3 the pur- to the Indians settled in that Island, recommended that the purchase (if the Aborigines Protection Society so desired) should be made in the corporate name of the Com- pany, in trust for the Indians of Lennox Island. However, in Septemljcr 1 869, the Committee being informed of the litigation which might arise in consequence of the state of the title, resolved not to adhere to their recommen ^ .tion of December 18G8. ;he Island 3s for the that they nv of anv le purpose [iderstand- ; bcueiiciul 226 SARNIA AND WALPOLE ISLAND. On the 30th June 1869, the Court of the New England Company sanctioned the grant of £20 to the Rev. Edward F. AVilson for the Indian Mission under the Cinirch Mis- sionary Society at Port Sarnia, Lake Huron, Canada. Tlie Special Committee, in Deceraher 1869, made a further grant of jC20 to the same mission, and on the 24th March 1870, granted .£20 towards building a brick church at Sarnia, in place of the small frame church at present in use, which was to be made a school-house. The cost of the brick church at Sarnia was expected to be about 81,500, or £300. An aged chief of the district, Joshua AVawanosh Nosh, Mrote that his people (the Indians) would do all they could to help in building the church. On the 11th Julv 1870, the Rev. E. F. Wilson wrote the following letter to the Treasurer : — " I was away from home on a two montlis' tour among the Indians of the nortli shores of tlie Lake Superior when your kind letter, of date May 21st, arrived with contribution from the Company of £20 towards our new churcii. I must request you to convoy my sincere tlianks to tlie Company for tliis libera] assistauce. I am happy to be ablo to re[)ort to you that our missions, both at iSarnia and at Kettle Point, are in a j^rogreshive state. Rev. John Jacobs, native minister, has been taking charge of the mission during my absence. He has had good congregations every Sunday, nnd our day-school, which we recently opened, is attended by thlrty-three scholars. I think it no*- improbable that I shall eventually receive orders to leave the management of Sarnia Mission in the hands of Mr. Jacobs, and remove further north, where it will be '^nore convenient to su])erintend any missions which we may open on the Lake Superior coast. A great scheme is proposed for the benefit and advancement of the Lake Superior Indians, and it meets with the general approval of Hudson Bay Company's agents and Government officials resident in those parts. The idea is to form a tishing establishment for the benefit and \ 1870.J SARMA AND WALPOLK ISLAND. 22; n gland idvvard ;h Mis- a. nade a lie 24th church csent in cost of c about Joshua s) would )n wrote iiong the Iheu your tion from t request for this •t to you are in a ster, has ne. He ay-school, scliohirs. ve orders hands of be '^nore y open on .>cl for the 1118, and it ompany's ■irts. The netit and employment of the Indians, where fish would be caught, salted, and packed for American markets, and the proceeds of the bu.siness would be ap|)h"e(l to the support of an Institution for the education of the children. A small farm iniglit be attached to the Institution, and, in addition to farming, the boys might be taught cooperage, and the girls netting. " It is generally allowed in this country that teaching Indiana to farm has, as a rule, proved a failure; and tliis new scheme of a fishing establishment is very favourably looked upon by all to whom I have proposed it. " If you should desire to receive any further information, I am now in possession of full statistics as to the number, con- dition, wants, etc., of the Indians at the various settlements on Lake Superior, also character of the country, etc. I will gladly furnish any information you may wish." Tlic Committee, in July 1870, granted £10 to the Rev. A. Jamieson, Church of England missionary at Walpolc Island,'^ Lake St. Clair, for prizes for the encouragement of agriculture among the Indians of that settlement. * When the Coinmissioiiers .^I)poi^ted by the Governor-General of Canada, Sir Ediimnd Head, Bart., in 1856, visited Walpoie Island, they rc])orted it to contain 412 Chippewa Indians, and 313 Fottawatainies, with otiier Indians btlonginfr; to scattered tribes; total, 821 Indians. The island is estimated to contain 10,000 acres, of which 8,000 are capable of cultivation, the soil being of snperior (piality. The l?ev. Andrew Jamieson is so completely master of the Chippewa lanj^nase tliat he does not need an interpreter. Anioiif; the Fotta- watamies, a church and school have been erected for a Methodist missionary, the chief and several Indiims of his band being Methodists. At Algonac, on the United Stales side of the river, the Indians of AValpole Island purchase all their supplies. The ])ost-oilice for (he island is at Haby's Point, Lamljloii county, Ontario, Canada. In the Report of the Society for the I'ropagatioQ of the Gospel in Foreign Parts for 18()'.> (page 21) an aeconut is given of the Walpoie Island Mission, and, among oilier details, the imjjrovemcnt in the mode of con- ducting business in the Indian Councils is noticed. Mr. Janiiesou mentions that he is present at these Council meetings simjjly as a s[iectator. The Indians do their own writing, and draw up memorials to the Government themselves, whilst he simply allixes his name to the document, as a witness that I' memo- rials liave been drawn up in full Council. Mr. Jamieson has sueeeeded in per- suading the Indians to elect a certain proportion of the members of the governing Council of the Island, and he, as the representative of the Indian Department, nominates other members to sit on that Council. Q 3 t?l t : ;i ':. 228 SARNIA AND WALPOLE ISLAND. [1870. On the lOtli November 1870, the llcv. Andrew Jamie- son wrote the following letter to the Treasurer : — " I am now in my own home, and among my own people, having returned to America some time ago. The sura of money (viz. £10 sterling) which you kindly gave me for the encouragement of agriculture amongst the Indians is still in my hands. " 1 informed the Indians of your good wishes for their w^el- fare, as also of your donation, and the purpose for which it was made. They were much pleased, and send their sincere tlianli'- "They propose forming an Agricultural Association on the island, with president, secretary, and treasurer, etc. etc. ; the memhers to contribute two shillings each ; and as the Pro- vincial Government, by way of encouragement, gives an amount of money nearly equal to tliat raised by the Associa- tion, we think that probably we may succeed in getting nearly £iO or £50 as prize-money for the proposed Agricultural Association on AValpole Island, " Our plans, however, cannot be matured before next spring, and consequently the £10 sterling (your gift) must remain undistributed till next October. The Indians seemed glad to see me on my return, and to hear an account of what I had seen and heard. " Owing to the great rains and heats of the past summer, there was an unusual amount of sickness in this neighbour- hood, in the shape of chills, ague, and low fevers, especially during the montlis of August and September. Nor is this to be wondered at, considering the low and swampy character of the country around us. But I am happy to say that since the early frosts set in, the island is quite healthy again." !i It [1870. Jamic- 229 people, sura of ! for the .s still iu iheir wel- which it ir sincere on on the etc. ; the the Pro- gives o.n e Associa- ing nearly gricultural ext spring, List remain led glad to hat I had RED RIVER SETTLEMENT.^^ Rupert's Lanu. The Bishop of Rupert's Land, on the 29th of April and nth of October 1869, and on the 20th of May and 7th of October 1870, drew four bills for .£12. loi. Oil. each, being the amount of t!ie grant of .t25 a year for tiie years 18G9 and 1870 by tlie New England Company, for the education of an Indian boy, at the Collegiate School in the Red River Settlement. ilii t summer, neighbour- especially )r is this to laracter of t since the BRITISH COLUMBIA. On the 4th October 1870, the Special Committee re- solved that a grant of £50 per annum for three years should be made to the Bishop of Columbia, towards the salary of teachers at scho ^ for Indians and pagans, at Cowichan, in Vancouver's Island. Also, that a further grant of £50 per annum for three years should be made to the Bishop of Columbia, towards the salary of teachers at schools for Indians and pagans, at Lytton, near the junction of the Eraser and Thompson Rivers in Columbia. * See Report for 1808, p. 80. if I 'r ' mil 230 AVEST INDIES. 1823-70. For many years the Conipuny made large ajjprojjriatioiis towards the advancement of the Cliristian religion amongst Indians, lilaeks, and pagans, in tlic West Indies. Jie- tween tlie years 1823 and 1829, . £'3,500 were devoted to this object ; and during the succeeding ten years the fol- lowing amounts were so appropriated : — Jamaica ...... £S,G^)0 St. Christopher's .... 1,300 Nevis 1,300 Virgin Islands 300 Society for the Conversion of Negroes 1,800 .€8,300 Since that time, owing to their extensive operations in Canada, tlie Company have been unable to devote any large portions of tlieir funds in other quarters. Occasional grants liave been made in individual cases, wliich were thought specially deservinir of assistance ; but at the present time these cases are comparatively few, and the amounts appropriated small. In the year 18G9 tlie Committee fouiid that the Treasurer had a considerable balance iu hand, and the Company's income was increasin?, by their change of in- vestments. Accordingly, in June 1800, and iu April 1870, the Committee made two grants of ii;20 each to ^liss A. j\[. Barney for the Ladies' West Indian EJuea- tion Society ; of these donations half was given to assist in obtaining a good master and sewing mistress for a school at Swanswick, Jamaica. The remaining half was applied for schools for the Maroons in Jamaica, which are reported to be doing much good. Reports have been received of the Negro girl and boy f i )riatu)iis ;s. 1^1^- ;V()tC(l to tlic fol- ,G()0 ,300 ,300 SOO ,800 ^,300 rations in evote any Dccasioual hicU were lie present amounts that tlic and the .ugc of in- iu April each to liui Eduea- n to assist tress for a ols for the loing much irl and boy 1870.] WEST IM)Ii:S. 231 under education for three years in Jauiaica, at the expense of the New England Company. Kate Patten, the girl, seems thoroughly good. She is at the Moravian Female Training School, Hcthabara, in ]\Ianchester, Jamaica ; and the superintendent of that establishment expresses himself quite satisfied with her conduct and progress. As regards the boy, the Rev. II. II. Isaacs, of Woodford, writes that the boy H. Perkins proved insubordii: ';. w \i 234- SOUTH Ai'UICA. [1870. "20 spell ill Zulu. " Hi rend in Zulu. «' 1.3 read tlie Zulu TeatMincnt. " 13 write from dictaf ion in Zulu. "4 read the Second book in Eni^dish. "4 rend tlie Enj^liwh Testament. " 4 road other books. "4 write from dietation in Enj^dish. "9 can undersland jjlaiii Englis ,. •' 9 can reply in plain English. "7 can work sums in simplo addition. •' 7 can work sums in simple subtraction. "2 can work sums in simple multiplication. *' 1 can work sums in simple division. " 1 pupil has some knowledge of geography. " Martha is a pupil teacher, aged 15, whom it is hoped to train as a teacher during the next few years. " The Bishop of Natal is trying to engage for the scliool a good native teacher, John Eunyon, who is qualified to teach reading and writing, both in Zulu and English, and arith- metic, and who has gone through the first book of algebra. "When the new teacher comes, it is intended to have after- noon school as well as morning school. All the children learn to sing, and can sing in parts. " The pupils are children of half-civilized natives, who live around Bishopstowe, wdiich is six miles from Pietermaritzburg, in Natal. " ]\Iost of the children were perfectly ignorant when first collected together, in 180S, and the books used were the Zulu translation of the New Testament by the Bishop of Natal, Genesis, the Prayer Book, Pilgriui's Progress, and reading books. The ages of the children are between 5 and 15. " The school is examined twice a year by Mr. T. W. Brooks, superintendent of education in Natal." ' J235 ArPKXDIX I. (p. 70.) Obdru in Couxcil, 10 Apuil lOfll, for tmk Companv's ClIAiriKH. At the Court at AVIiitchiill tlio lOtli day of April KJOl Present : Tlie King's "Most Excellent l\r!ijesty. His Royal Higluiess tlieDuku Earl of Sandwieli. Earl of Lauderdale. Lord Viscount Valentia, Lord Roberts. Lord iSeaniore. Mv. Comptroller. Mr. Vice Cluunberlain. Mr. Secretary Nicholas. ]\lr. Secretary Morris. of York. Lord Chancellor. Duke of Albemarle. Marquis of Dorchester. Lord Great Chamberlain. Lord Ciiamberlain. Earl of Northumberland. Earl of Berks. Earl of Norwich. Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper. Upon reading of ^Ir. Attorni^y General his report to this Board upon a Petition of divers for propagating the Gospel in America to him referred by Order of the 11th of November 16G0 and a draft prepared for renewing the Charter of the Corporation therein specified and full debate thereof had. It is ordered that tiie said Corporation may by the said Charter have power to purchase £2000 per annum and may have liberty to transport yearly £1000 in Bullion or foreign money making entry from time to time of what shall be so transported in the Port of Loudon in the Custom House there. And the Lord Viscount Valentia is to consider of and examine the list of names of the members whereof the said Corporation is to consist and to oiler the same to the Board and according to this direction Mr. Attorney is to till up the blanks and per- fect the said draft of a Charter. And also to add thereunto a • 'fc r* 230 AITENDIX I. [I«fi2. clauae tlmt all luiida tenonionts and liorcditnments heretofore given or bi)ui,'lit to the use or usea in this Cluirter mentioned shall from henceforth be vested in the said Corporation and their successors with power to sue for and recover the same and any arrears thereof duo. Jonx NrcHOLAS. IMiNUTEs OF Company's Frnsr Corirr, 27tii Maiicii 1G02 UNDER TUKIIl CllAUXEIl. At a Court or Mcctini^ of the Corporation for Propagating of the Gospel amongst tlie Heatlicn Natives in Now England and parts adjacent in America the 27th of March 1GG2 viz. : — Present : Uobert Boyle Esq. Governor. INlr. .fosluia Woolnough. The Itight lion. Arthur Earl of Anglesey. Mr. Henry Ashuret. Thomas Foley Esq. Mr. John Rolfe. Mr, George Clarke. Jolin iNlieklethwaite Dr. in Phis. Mr. Thomas Speed. Mr. Alderman Warner. Mr. Alderman Peake. Erasmus Smith Es((. Mr. James Hayes. Charles Uoyley E,s(|. Edmond Trench T)r in Phis. Mr. John Dogett. Sir Laurence Hromfield Knt. Mr. John Benbow. Tlie Court ordered that the Charter of Incorporation un- der the Great Seal of England should bo read, which was done Memor. : accordingly. we'i-e^"'''"" Also the petitions of John Hooper and Anthony Trayford respited till late Clerk and Messenger to the late reputed Corporation some other ^^^ ordered to be read and upon hearing and consideration incetiDg. 11.. thereof the Court made choice of and ordered that the said John Hooper should be registered as Clerk and Anthony Tray- ford Messenger to this Company. The same day the Court ordered that new books should be provided for the use of the Corporation and at the beginning of one of them the Charter to be fairly entered and a Breviate of the Charter written out for the more expedient use of the Company upon all occasions at their meetings. I'H [lfir>2. crctofore icntionoil ition and the same 11I0LA8. ncii 1(5(52 iigating of V Englaiul arch 1(5G2 )un;h. •iier. meet on Thursday next, being the third day of Api-i., 1G()2. Selection fiiom Subskquknt jMinutes, 3ud April 1002 to 22nd Fkhuuahy 1720. At a Court or ^leet'ing of the Corporation for Propagating the Gospel amongst the Jleathen Natives in Xew I'^ngland and })arta adjacent in America the Ihd of April 1(502 viz. : — Present : Robt. Boylo Esq. Governor. j\Ir. 7\lderman Peako. Sir Laurence l^romlield Knt. Mr. Alderman Bathurst. Wni. Antrobus Esq. Thos. Foley Escp Ut^puty Clias. Uoyley. ]Mr. Henry Ashurst. Mv. Joini Rolfe. Mr. Thomas Speed. Mr. Josluia Woolnough. Ur. Thomas Cox. Ml'. James I J ayes. INIr. John Acroyd. Mr. Thos. Gillib.and. Dr. Edmond Trench. Mr. Laurence Brinsley. Mr. (xeorge Clarke. J)r. John Micklelhwaitc. Mr. John Jurian. K'i' 'i 1 At this Court (alter the Orders of tli last Court were read) ]Mr. vMderman Peake Thomas Foley Li-(|. and Mr. John liolfe members of this Corporation according to the orders of the last Court of the 27th of .March last Jtejjorted their audit- ing of Mr. Henry Ashurst his account lato Treasurer to tho late reputed Corporation whereupon it was ordered by this Court that tho said account should be entered into a book and that the said JNIr. Alderman Peake Thos. ]'\)ley Es(|. and Mr. John liiM'a be desired to subscribe their names thereunto. Also at this meeting it was taken into considoi-atiou the choosing a lit and able person to bo Treasurer to this Corpo- ration and after debate thereof this Court made choice of [1GB2. dispose more of 1 for tlio (1 Eiirl is r. Hcero- be sum- of A[.i-lM L 1(5G2 TO nratin" the 1^1 and and iz. ; — • 10. 1G02.] APPENDIX I. 239 ul. ll. pley. Iiwiiitc. wcrn rcsvd) Mr. John Ihi" orders of tlu'ir audit- ,surer to the ■red by tliis into a book [ley Esq. and ;s thereunto. Idcrutiou the 1) this Corpo- ie choice of Mr. Henry Asliiirst a nieinbor of this Corporation to be Treasurer tliereunto. Likewise at this Court it wa.s concluded and ordered that llie Sahiry of Jolm llooj)er Clerk to this Corporation should be for tliia your forty pounds and that ho should have over and above, for liis extraordinary pains in attending and pro- secuting the business of tiiis Cor[)orati(jn such a coin[)etent allowance as the Company or Society shall judge meet. This Court also agreed to and ordered that the Salary of Anthony Trayfc^rd Messenger to this Corporation shall be for this year ten pounds. It was likewise concluded and ordered by this meeting that the oflicei's to this Corporation as namely, the Ti'easurer Clerk and Messenger shall be chosen every year. At this Court also it was concluded and ordered that John Hooper Clerk to this Corporation shall collect and gather all the rents oelonging thereunto and pay them into the hands of ISlr. Henry Aslnu'st Treasurer to the said Corporation and that the said John Hooper shall give security for his iaithlulness in that trust. Ordered also at this Court that three or four more (besides the Lord Chancellor) of the Lords' names members of this Corporation be inserted in the letters to be written to the tenants of the said Corporation. This day also this Court ordered that IMr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this Corporation be desired to ])ay eight hundred pounds for carrying on the printing of the Bible in the Lidiau language in New England and other business there in order to the propagating of the Gospel amongst the heathen natives ia New England aforesaid and parts adjacent in America. It is also this day (ordered by this (.'ourt that Mr. Ifenry Ashurst Treasurer to this Corporation be desired to provide all such books etc. as he thinks convenient and necessary for the use of the said Corporation. Likewise at this Court ]\ir. F^aurence TJrinsley a member of this Corporation was desired to speak to Mr. James about the house Mr. Hylord lives in to ma'',>' a firm title of it to the said Corporation. This day also this Court ordered that another court be ill' ■. I II! I J II 240 APPENDIX I. [1G62. summoned to meet on Thursday next iu the afternoon being the 10th of April 1002. At a Court or Meeting of the Corporation for Propagating of tlie Gospel auiongst the heathen natives iu New Euglaud and parts adjaceut iu America the 10th of April 1002 viz. : — Present : Eobert Boyle Esq. Governor. Mr. Joshua AVoolnough. The Lord Eoberts. Dr. John jMicklethwaite. Sir Laurence Bromfield Knt. Mr. John Dogett. Alderman Batlmrst. Mr. Thomas Gillibraud. Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer. Mr. John liolfe. William Antrobus Esq. Mr. Thomas Speed. Mr. George Clarke. INlr. Thomas Jiell. The Court after much conference with Mr. Norton and Mr. Broadstreete lately cor.e from New England about the good work of propagating e Gospel amongst the heathen natives iu New England etc. and in conclusion found it most expedient that for this year the said work should be carried on as formerly by such Commissioners as the several Colonies made choice of. Also this Court desired Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this Corporation to signify by letter to the Cominissiouers at New England for tlicir encouragement in carrying on so good a work this new Corporation hath taken order for the pay- ment of £800 w Inch they wrote about whereof £500 is already paid and thai the said Corporatiou would use all means pos- sibly they could for the perfecting so good a work and to desire the said Commissioners that they would forward the said work with all care and diligence and with all prudence iu respect of charge because a. present the Corporatiou stock is ver^ low and the greatest part of their revenue unrighteously withheld from them which will be very chargeable to regain. And also that this Corporatiou desires that the said Coinmis- sioners wou'i call to their assistance all such persons whether Ministers or others that may be useful unto them in their meetings and to send over unto this Corporation as near as r [1G62. )on being 1GG2.] APPENDIX I. 2n ngating of ' England ;2 viz. :— ugh. vuite. iiud. or ton and about the he heathen a. found it should be tlie several reasurer to issloners at on so good )r the pay- is already means pos- ork and to brward the prudence in on stock is righteously to regain, id Commis- ous whether 'in in their ti a^' near as they can estiinaie how much the remainder of the Bible that is yet to print will cost. Likewise ordered by this Court that the letters of informa- tion and warning to Mr. John Cheston and Mr. James J'arker at Eriswell in Suffolk tenants to this Corporation be carried by a messenger of their own from London which was com- mitted to the cure of Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this Corporation and Mr. John llolfe a member of the same. Also this Court desired Robert Boyle Esq. Croveruor of this Corporation to use the best of his endeavours with the Lord Chancellor for a general t-ontribution for tlie carrying on the good work of propagating the Gospel amongst the heathens in New England and parts adjacent in America. Likewise it was ordered that another Court be summoned to meet the 21th of this present April. At a Court or Meeting of the Corporation for Propagating of the Gospel amongst the heathen natives in New England and the parts adjacent in America the 21th of A[)ril 1002 viz. : — Present : lu)bert Boyle Esq. Governor. Mr. Joshua Woolnough. ytv. Henry Ashurst Treasurer. Mr. John llolfe. -Mr. Aldertium AVarner. Mr. Thonuis Speed. William Autrobus Esq. Mr. Tliomas Bell. Tliomas Foley Esq. Mr. Barn. ^Meeres. ^Ir. George Clarke. Mr. Thomas L, iUibrand. At tliis Court Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this Cor- poration and ]Mr. John llolfe a member of the same made their report of sending a messenger to Eriswell in SuU'olk concerning the Corporation's two tenants there namtdy, Mr. Cheston and Mr. Parker. The report is in writing. Upon the said lleport the Court argued several things cou- oeruing the said tenants about their attorning tenants to 11 Cohmel Bedingfield and paying hiui rent and other matters I relating to that business and ordered that .Mr. Henry Ashurst Treasurer to this Corp ration and Mr. John Rolfe a "^^m I* 1 ( :u\ 111 till' I\ii\i;'m \(|.«in('\ (Jriiruil liT lii'i inlviii' iliul CiMincil \\l\lrl\ ('i'\irl wlicilliT lllr ( 'liMill'l'l \ iir l'',\rliri|Mir Im< innsl ('\ |ii'i|i('i\( li'rvhilul ;\ lull m Mi'MniMl ('.'IiHirl nrilmi'lii'lil mill ((I I'i'l i\ I)ill (lr:\\\n inciu ilin",h l,lK('\\is(< lltM ('nml (ililricil tli:i( '\\ v llrlH'V \^'llMr'|iMirfil iiiir III*" (l.i'-pi'l in New l'ln<;l;\i\(l iUdl |i;n'lM MiljiU'cnl, ill A incricii i lie l.Mli o\' M.n KKi'J. I'icscnl Ki'lii'il Uox Ic l"-ij ( i«i\ crnnr. .Inlin h'nllt'. I Irnrv Aslnirst Tii'iisuri r Mrnsiiuis Sn\\ I h INii. l\i>iHiiM r-inrril ( Iciiri'i' < 'liirKc IvliMOiul rri'iirli l)i>i'lor in 'l'hi>ni!u< ( J illiliriiiul. r 'IS. •)t>lni l)oj',('(. Sir I .aiiri'Ui'i' Uriimliclii K ii( ll this il;i\ onliTCil ll\Mt M i\ llciuv Asliiirsi 'IVi'Msiiri'i' ul' this ( \'ri>iM:U ii'ii ii-;illui!;' (o his ;isMis(;iiu Miiv two or Ihn mcniluMs of llh' same) ho ilosiicd lo laKo ciro Ihal Iho Imiiso situatt^aiul hciii;: w ithin Iho parish called I lrdorod that I ho dral'l ol' tho con \»M;nu'('ot' t ho lioiiso sit iiato and hoiiiij; within 'I'rinily I'arish London bo showod lo Ui'piitv Jainos who is dosiroil to porlocl Iho oon\ov!inoo thoroot" to tiiia Cor|)oration witii all ooiivoiiioiit fsni'ot WluToasa suit iiilawis intoiidod to bo ('(imnioncod by this(\)r- porativm ngninst roloiiol Tiionuis U(>dinj;tiold and olliors for tho rooovorv of sovoral manors and lands calKMl Krisw(l rutin!': il"' i„>ri-'H tlx' (lu> Ili'IMi' \\\m or tb'iH (•011V(Mli''l\t lilhiM's tor tho SllUnlll wllicll '■•;ImI UIIMIiil-4 (Hul I'IIhN Mllirlil, ji) «'i|l|ify l u:!!!!'' Iio (ll'MI I'll) . I (i iinil Dill 'iMiiic I'll Mini iilil" |"'iMnii ill lli(< Id, V I'l III' (Mii|il'>y(Ml IH II Hiilii'ilrii' III I'linv "11 mill pi it-jcciilo llic hmmI miit,. A ii'l llllll lu> rt'|Mi|l liH |i|iiri>(>illl|i;H licii'ili III llii> in icl liir('(i|i(; (if I liiM ( 'mill . 'I'lii'il nlmi niijctcil IIimI Mr llnwy A-fliiii-'l I'lMi-'tircr nl' l.'"'lv/.| Iliin ( 'Mf|iiii :il inn III' ili'MJirij In iiHix llii> «.f:\\ nl Mii- i-t:ii<| C'lr ilr li.r ',( ii'l (iii( I lie |iiir;ili'>n iiiiln Ihc h'I'ihc iniw r'viM Imi' I lir ilmrlmri^c nf rrMiui-t lli' iii'pii»'y WlM'IM'r IV'i| \Miiiiiiiii III' llic ('iiy III' I,iiii(|'pm ;ii;i| I»;iii|(| niiiiidrll f xcriilMiM (iT llip IimI uill (iinl I^'hIiuihiiI nl linluiid i'liiyil <>r lli(> Htiul ril V ( jmiriioi- iiii'l 'I'li iiMiirr In Uim IjiIm ( 'iir|i(irfittiiii I'of iiKMicvM rcimiiiiiii;; in Iih IkiikU iit. llic liinc ni' luM lIciTilMC. ()rili'iri| llllll. Ilip li'llcr nil \ rnnl In l»r w nl In l-lic CniniriH HldlK Mr. A 4liiir«t. 'I'M Inr lli(> I ' Milnl ( 'nIniiii'H nl' Ncw I'/nj'limd m New V,)itf r' i.'irt.) tli;tf. liind lie (i|i|i|iivrM| iiiiil lluil. llu- H!iiim> In- fnitliwilli I niiiHcnl)(ul Mini Hciil. Willi nil riiin riiii'iil Mjicrd iiiiln I lie s;iid Cninmis- i;|n|U>CM. A I llic miiiir lime il u;v< mdirrd l.li.il Mr. Il'iiry .Aslmisl, 'rrciiHiinT (if Miin ( 'm [imiil imi lir dcmred In pny iintn Antlinny 'I'l'iivlnid ni<'HH(>iti;('i' nl' I 111' ."iiiiir liM i| ii.'i 1 1 cr'.H • liir I li»> Hitid ( 'or|(iii';il mil. WlirrciiH iJiin ( 'ni'|t(Mfil mil i.s iiilnnni d tli.'it. Mr. Ilfiiriiif^') M iiiisl.cr of till' (lnH|itl III l.li(! ('ily rif Vnrk d^■(•(•;l.^»!fl did liy lli^ liist will iind Ir.slatiicnl, in w riiiiit^ niv(( a lc;.;;i<;y of fifty |iniiiid.4 Hicrlinj^ iiiiln IImh nr tlir lutr ( 'ni|)nriit,inii f,ov\iird-'. ftir; • '.irryiiii^ (III iiiid |iiniiinl.iiii^ (lie. (iiH|)»d ,'llllnll:^'^t, Mif; Ixnit hen mil ivcs (»r New I'liinliiiHl in .N'fw I'in^lfind it. i.s tlioiitjfif. fir, iiml ordered I IkiI. M r. 'riiniiuiK ( '< illilir/nid f»nf; of t.lic iminber.-i of llii.s ( 'nrjioralion he desired to w rite unto Mr. Fvlvvfirrl Holls JMiiiinl,i'r of the (iu.Hpel, roHidiiif^ within the naid eity de.Hirin<( liini Id proriire the M;iid legacy or Hnm ti\' fifty jmiuid.-i to ho paid mill) I Im naid < nrporatiori aecnrdingly. llif lill'T i-t ei-lit. K .i 21.t Arpi:M)ix I. [1002. Thomas (jiillibrand. Sir L'lurcnce Broinfieki, Knt. Deputy Thomas Staynes. Deputy Cliarles Doyloy. James IIa\es. At ii Court or Meeting of the Corporation for propagating tlio (losj)el in New Enghuul and pai'ts adjacent in Aiueiica the 22ml of October 1002 viz. :— Present : Kobert Eoylo Esq. Governor. Dr. John INEicklcthvvaite. lleiu-y Ashurst Treasurer. Deputy Eicliaid llutehinson Tliomas Speed. John Kolfo. George Clarke. Alderman William Aiitrobus. Whereas Mr. Henry Corrn'sh tenant to the house situate in Trinity Pariali London hath this day made it his request that in regard of the fine given by him for the said house and also in regard of the great charge he liath been at in repairing the same that the covenant mentioned and expressed in the draft of his lease whereby he is not to alien let or set without leave and licence fh'st had and obtained from this Corporation in that behalf may be lel't out which the said Corporation having considered and debated do think tit to oi'der. And it is herebv ordered that for the reasons before mentioned tlie said clause be expunged accordingly. And that the said Mr. Cornish do pay unto this Corporation the yearly rent of £00 during the term of years granted and mentioned in the said lease. It is this day ordered that Sir Laurence Bromfield, Knight, ^Tr. Henry Aslnirst, Mr. John Kolfe, Mr. Kichard Hutchin- son, Alderman AVilliam Antrobus, and Mr. Thomas Gillibrand, or any two of them be desired to take a survey of the house situate in Trinity Parish lioudon and see whether all the goods and utensils formerly taken and mentioned in a schedule annexed to the former lease do siill remain and be in the said house and what is now affixed to the same and also to survey the groinids upon which the said house stands or belongs there- unto from east to west and from north to south and to take the dimensions of every individual room within tlie said house and that they be desired to consider of the draft of a lease and prepare the same for the seal of this Corporation and [1062. Ling the Mica the lite. old, Knt. ;nos. Icy. situate in quest tlmt ^e and also pairing the 11 tl>e draft ,et wltivout Corporation Corporation er. And it ntionod the 16G2-«J8.] APPENDIK I. 215 le said Mr. ent of £c;G in tl\e said LS leia, Knigiit, a llutchin- Gilllbrand, of the house ;ther all the iu a schedule )e in the said ilso to survey belongs there- id to take the said house aft of a lease rporation and report their proceedings liercin at the uext meeting of thia Court. Then also ordered that tho aniuiities of £12 per annum to tlie Company of Merchant Tailors and of £-1 per annum to the parish of Koly Trinity London payable out of the house situate within the same parish do allow the taxes according to the Act of Parliament and that the remainder be paid uiito the said Com[)any and parish accordingly. It is this day ordered that the common seal of this Cor[)ora- tion be affixed to the counterpart of the deed t-igni'd sealed and delivered unto this Corporation by Mr. James .fames of the house situate in Trinity Parish London. And INIr. Henry Ashnrst Treasurer of the said Corporation is desired to see the same done accordingly. Then also ordered that it be referred unto ]\[r. Henry Aahurst Treasurer of tiiis Corporation who is desired to satisfy and pay Edwai-d Aekworth fur his pains in travellin<^ into the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk to serve his Majestv's writs of subpaMia in Chancery upon i ?nry Eeddinglield Esq. James Parker and John Clieston tlefpi"''">*.o to a bill of complaint exhibited against them and rv s in his Majesty's Court of Chancery at the suit of INlr. jtichard Hutchinson and others plaintiffs. At a Court held at Sir William Ashurst's house in AVat- ling vStreet London, on Friday 17th February IGOS. Present : Sir Willian^ ishurst Governor. Mr. Thomas Glover. Thomas Earl of Stamford. Sir Henry Ashhurst. Sir John Mordeii. Sir Thomas Lane. Sir Edmund Harrison. Dr. Daniel Cox. Mr. lioger Lock. Mr. Deputy Gun. Mr. Edward Barton, Mr. Thomas Trench. Mr. John Hibbert. ]\lr. Joseph Thomson. Ordered that the clerk of this Company do fortliwith pay to Alderman Nicholas Cliarltou a?signee of Mr. (iammon £100, on the conditions mentioned in tlio order of the 12th of January last for that purpose there not being a sullicient / r- aiG AIM'i;Vi)l.\' I. [1698 minibcr of this Company present at the making of the said last-mentioned order. A letter from Kit-hard Lord Bellemont to the Governor being read relating to a proposal of providing five itinerant ministers to preach the Gospel to the Five Nations of the Indians. Ordered that Monsieur Boudet (reeommended by Mr, John Quick) be one of tiie said five ministris, and that the other four be sent from Harvard C\ "ege in Cambridge to be cliosen by the Commissioners there. And that tlie said live ministers dwelling in and preacliinn; to the inhabitants of those Five Nations have £00 \)rr an)ium aihnved them out of the stock of this Com], .my in New England. The letter from Mr. William Stoughton and INFr. Increase IVIather being read relating to the death and disability of several of the Commissioners of New England, — Ordered that j\Ir. Cotton Mather, jNlr. Nehemiidi Walter, INIr. Samuel ScAvel, INIr. Peter Serjeant, j\Ir. John Foster, and Mr, Tliomas Banister, be added to the surviving Connnis- sioners of this Corporation there. Ordered that Mr. Simon Clements be dismissed from his being a Commissioner in New England his occasioiis not admitting his going thitlier and that all j)o\vers and autho- rities granted to him by this Corporation be revoked and they are hereby revoked accordingly. Ordered that £500 be remitted to New England to William Stoughton Esq. (viz.) £250 by Mr. Samuel Ash- hurst and £250 by Mr. Joseph Tliomson by bills to be by them charged at £33 per cent, wliich is tlie must that has been ofl'ered for the same which said £500 shall he paid to them by the Clerk of this Company. Ordered that the Governor be desired to write to the Com- mif-sioners in New England to inform them of all the matters ordered at this meeting or such of them as he shall think Ht. And that the Treasurer do assist him in what informa- tion he can give him relating to the aflairs oi'New England, Ordered that Mark Moor be the IMesseuger of this Com- pany for the future and that the clerk do pay him ibrty u [1608 ic said ovornor tinerant , of tlio by Mr. that tl\o ,(te to Ih' said five itaiita of •m out ot Increase ability of h AValter, \)ster, and ' Comwis- fl from his af^ions not ind autho- ■Yokcd and 1(51)8.] APPKNDIX I. 2i7 ^ngianc id to muiel Atfh- to be by t has been xid to thciu to the Com- thc matters shall think lat informa- Eiiglaud. )f this Com- V him forty sliillinf];^ per annum by quarterly |)ayiiieuts the llrst payment tliereof to eoininence from Jiady l)ay next. Ordi'ied that before any money be ordered for the future to be remitted to New EnghiiicI, notice shall be given thereof at the then next precedent Court that thereby tlie highest ex- change may be gotten for the same and notice is liereby given that this Company will remit more moneys thither at the next Court. Tlie Clerk of this Company reported that in pursuance of the orders of Sth of June 1(597 he with another pt'i'son had been at Plumstead in Kent to view the Com[)aiiy's farm there now in the possession of "William Abe and that the house belonging to the said farm being very old and much out of repair he had agreed with the said William Abe to allow liim a year's reut in consideration of his repairing the same at hi.s own charge which allowance was to bo the last year's rent of his new lease. Ordered tluit the new lease produced be made and granted to the said William Abe, of tlu; said farm, for 21 years to com- mence from INIichaeluias 1G99 at £75 per aniuim for the first 20 years of the said terui and a peppercorn only ft)r the last year thereof under the same covenants as are contained iu tlie former lease except oidy a covenant for the yearly payment ofabuslujlof uuistard seed, there bi'iiig none growing upon the [)remisys as formerly and that the clerk do aillx the Com- pany's seal thereunto accordingly. Ordered that the clerk's account of guineas and dipt money be referred to Sir Eduiund llarris^on aiid Mr. Joseph Thom- son to examine the state of that matter in order to the dis- charging the same aiul that they do make their report thereof at the next meeting. The Clerk of this Company reported that he had taken a bond of Ivichard Lord IJeliemont to the Company iu the penalty of £1-100 conditiojied for his answering and niaking good of several bills of exchange for £700 remitted to JS'ew England at £35 per cent, exchange according to the order of 2Gth August 1697. The Governor reported that he had not yet had au oppor- I i i 218 M'J'KNDIX I. [1698. tunity to inspect the nccounta of the trustees of Robert Boyle E8(]. relating to £15 per annum allowed to Harvard College in Cambridge. The executors of Mr. Boyle's will being out of town but that ho will taUe the first opportunity so to do. Ordered that Mr. Peter Ilowt, William Kissin Esq., Sir John Moor, Sir Samuel Barnardiston, Sir Kobert Clayton, Sir Thomas Cook and (li'orge Boon Es(i. be disinissod from their attLMidance on this Corporation, their affairs not acbiiiUiiig their attendance thereupon for several years la.st past. The persons last above mentioned being dismissed and several of the members of this Corporation being lately deceased the persons following were this day elected in their room (viz.) Sir Bartholomew Graccdieii, Sir James Collet, Sir Thomas Cuddon, Sir Edward "Wills, Colonel Edward Cresner, Henry Ashhurst Esq. of the Inner Temple, Mr. Deputy Sherbrook, JMr. liobert Ashhurst, Mr. Charles Dubois, ]\lr, Charles Jlerle, and Mr. Edward Eichier. Peniscd So that the Com])aiiy now consists as well of the members an'l'^lettlcd '"^^ above-mentioned as al^io of those continued and surviving by Sir Wil- whose names are hereinafter particularly mentioned viz., Sir liaiii A!*!'- William Ashurst the present Governor, Sir Thomas Lane, iirst the ' ' ' Governor Mr. Joseph Thomson, Mr. Thomas Hunt, ]\Ir. Thomas Trench, 23'dTG'J8 ^^''^^^^'^' Dolins Esq., Mr. Eoger Lock, Sir John Morden, Mr. Thomas Glover, Sir Henry Ashurst, Dr. Daniel Cox, Sir Samuel Clarke, Sir Eichard Levet, Lord Chancellor Soniers, Sir Jeremiah Sambrook, Baron Hatsell, ]\[r. Deputy Gun, J^Tt-. Deputy Scriven, Mr. Deputy Eyre, Sir Thomas Halton, Sir Gabriel Eoberts, Sir Thomas Abney, Sir William Hedges Hugh Boscowen Esq., Sir William Cole, Sir Edmund Harri- son, Eichard Lord Bellemont, Sir Edward Clerk, Sir John Sweetapple, Samuel Powell Esq. Mr. Thomas Gunston, Mr. John ilibbert, Mr. Edward Barton, and Thomas Earl of Stamford, 17()0.1 APPENDIX I. 249 At a Court held at Sir Willmin Ashhurat's house in Watlhig Street London on Tuesday June llth 1700. Present : Sir William Ashurst Governor. Thomas Earl of Stamford. Sir Thomas Lane. Sir Samuel Clcrke. Mr. Josepli Tliompson. Henry Aahurat Esq. Mr. Roen oiVered for the same which said £050 shall be paid to them by the Clerk of this Company as soon as the same shall be by him received for rent due to this Company. A letter from the Lord Bellemont being read relating to an additional salary for the itinera it ministers in New England. Ordered that the £00 per annum formerly allowed to the said itinerant ministers be made up to £80 per annum New English money not exceeding three years to come, this Com- pany hoping that afterwards some other way will be found out for the answering and making good the said salaries, but they fear that the revenues of this Company will not admit of those salaries as a constant or standing allowance. And that it be left to the said Lord Btdlemont to choose out of the colleges in Cambridge there such a number of itinerant ministers as he shall think necessary to carry on that work. Ordered that the Governor be desired to write to the Lord Bellemont and also to the rest of the Commissioners in New England to inform them of all matters ordered at this meet- ing relating t> the affairs of this Company in New England. Ordered that Mr. John Carter (who has been for a con- siderable time employed in the receiving the rents at Eriswell and returning the same to London) be for the future the Steward of the Manor there and that he do keep the next Court that is to be held for the same Manor and that he have an authoritv for so doinjjr under the Counuon Seal of this ■ '-: m o... \% :>% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I M 12.0 2.5 2.2 us lit I. ^ Hut. 11-25 ■ 1.4 1^ 1.6 «? m. 250 APPENDIX I. [1700-20. Company if it be necessary and that the Clerk of this Coin- ])any do prepare such authority and do a£Bx the Seal of this Company thereunto accordingly. Ordered that Mr. Thomas Silliard the late Steward of the said Manor do deliver up to the said Mr. Carter the present Steward the Court Eolls of the said Manor and the Court Bcok and all writings and papers relating to the said Manor which he has now in his custody, which said Mr. Carter may give the said Mr. Silliard a receipt for the same. Ordered that the said Mr. Carter do deliver up the said Court Rolls to the Clerk of this Company that the same may be by him kept together with the ancient title to the said Manor. Ordered that the said Mr. John Carter do procure the rental of the Manor of Eriswell and that he do renew the same at large and insert which are free and which are copy- hold tenants and the numbers of acres they hold, and in order thereunto tliat he do immediately procure the Court Pwolls from Mr. Silliard for his instruction and that he do make out a particular of the profits of Court for seven years last past. There being but a small number of the members of this Company now present they did not think tit to settle the clerk's accounts of guineas and dipt money at this time according to the order of the last Court. Ordered ttiat it be referred to the next Court to be settled and adjusted accordingly. At a Meeting of the Company for Propagation of the Gospel in New England and parts adjacent in America at the house of the Governor Eobert Ashurst Esq. in Little Distafte Lane upon Wednesday the 22nd day of February Anno Domini 1720. Present : Robert Ashurst Esq. Governor. Mr. John Gunston Treasurer. Mr. Edward Richier. | Joseph Thomson Esv^. jun. Mr. Arthur Martin, 1720.] APPENDIX I. 251 Mr. Samuel Slieafe. Mr. William Ashurat. Mr. Thomas Gering. Mr. Thomas Western. Mr. Joshua Brice. John Lane Esq. Mr. Samuel Ashurst. Mr. Eobert Atwood. Daniel Dolings Esq. Mr. James Townsend. Mr. Eobert Harrison. Mr. Thomas Styles. The Orders of the last Court of 3rd May 1720 being read now tlie same were approved of and confirmed. The G-overnor's letter also of 13th May 1720 to Samuel Sewall Esq. being read the same was approved of. Then Mr. Sewall's several letters of 22nd April, 3rd Mnv, 26th July, and 9th September last being likewise read tha Governor was desired to return proper answers to each of them and particularly to take notice of the Company's great concern for the conversion of the Eastern Indians (which by order of the last Court was earnestly recommended to the Commissioner's care) and to press the Commissioners to use their utmost interest with the Governor and Council of New England to remove the obstacles which have hindered hitherto so good a work, and especially that the boundaries of their lands may be settled, all encroachments upon them for the future be prevented that thereby their jealousies may be removed and they and the English may live in a neighbourly correspondence together. Towards the effecting of which desired end if the Commissioners think it proper to make any application to the Government here for their orders to that purpose to the Governor and Council of New England the Company will use their interest for obtaining them. The Governor was also desired to discourse Mr. Dummer on this subject, to know his sentiments relating to it and engage his assistance as far as shall be thought necessary for promoting so necessary a work. Mr. Gunston reported liis having received of Mr. Joshua Brice, Mr. Hulbert's legacy of £500 to this Company, and the snid sum of £500 \\as now ordered to be remitted to the Commissioners in New England with what other sums shall now be agreed on. Ordered that the Clerk of this Company do write to the . i! • i I l*i''. i tl M „ M ifi '^11 ii I'll ;( 1.: I" i 252 APPENDIX I. [1720. Company's agent Mr. Carter in Suffolk and acquaint him that the Company having this day taken notice, that there has no money for a considerable time been paid by him to their Treasurer the Company is very much dissatisfied therewith The tenants and do expect that all arrears of their tenants' rents be imrae- to pay al- ^jately paid in according to the agreement concluded some- for the time since with them. Mr. Carter is to be pressed future the earnestly to make a speedy return to the Company's expecta- willTneTCr *^°'^ ^^^Y wanting money to complete the remittance now staysolong. resolved on for New England. It being now proposed and resolved on to make a remit- tance of one thousand pounds to the Company's Commis- sioners in New England the persons following were agreed on to have their respective shares in the said remittance, they giving their several and respective bills payable three mouths after sight (at furthest) upon their several correspondents in bills of credit of the Province of Massachusetts Bay New England after the rate of £250 New England money for every hundred pounds sterling they shall receive of this Com- pany viz. : — Mr. John Lloyd for the use of 1 £. £. Colonel Adam Winthorpe . . J 100 2i50. Mr. John Lane for Colonel Fitch . . 200 500. Mr. Lane on his own account .... 250 G25. Mr. Thomson, jun 40 100. Mr. Newman 36 90. Mr. Dummer 274 685. Mr. Saltonstall 3 250. £1000 2500. Maximillian Western Esq. a member of this Company being dead Mr. Thomas Mollis was unanimously elected a member of this Company in his stead. Mr. James Woodsido a minister lately come from New England laying his case before the Company and praying for some allowance for his • r lETi. 1720.J APPENDIX I. services done amongst the Eastern Indians in New England bis case was considered and in regard to his circumstances and the aforesaid services and several recommendations the Company thought tit to allow him £25 and the Treasurer Mr. G-unston was ordered to pay it him accordingly. But this charitable act of the Company ia ordered not to be drawn into a precedent for the future, the Company judging their Commissioners to be the most proper judges of the merits of such persons as shall be employed in any service amongst the Indians and that they pay them accordingly. The Governor is desired to take notice of this matter in his next letter and to desire that none of the Commissioners will for the future give private recommendations of any persons by themselves. But when anything of this nature is done they desire it may be done by the Board of Commissioners when assembled together. There being a motion made for affixing the Company's Seal to an InstruD.ent for making Jolin Robinson their tenant at Erisvvell gp.mekeeper of their Manor the same was deferred till the next Court and in the meantime the members were desired to inform themselves how far the Company can give such a power. iT| i ■l 254 APPENDIX II. Preamble. Depart- ment con- stituted. Tenure of office. Under Se- cretary and officers. General duties of Secretary. To be Re- gistrar General. (p. 97—112—159.) Two important Acts of tlie Canadian Legislature are here subjoined. First— SI Vict. chap. 42. [22nd May 1868.] An Act pbovidino for the obga.nization of the De- partment OF THE Secretary of State of Canada, and FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF InDIAN AND OrDNANCE LaNDS. HER Ma-jeaty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows : 1. There shall be a department to be called " The Depart- ment of the Secretary of State of Canada," over which the Secretary of State of Canada for the time being, appointed by the Governor General by commission under the Great Seal, shall preside ; and the said Secretary of State shall have the management and direction of the Department, and shall hold office during pleasure. 2. The Governor General may also appoint an *• Under Secretary of State," and such other officers as may be neces- sary for the proper conduct of the business of the said De- partment, all of whom shall hold office during pleasure. 3. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of State to have charge of the State correspondence, to keep all State records and papers not specially transferred to other Departments, and to perform such other duties as shall from time to time be assigned to him by the Governor General in Council. 4. The Secretary of State shall be the Registrar General of Canada, and shall as such register all Instruments of Sum- mons, Commissions, Letters Patent, Writs, and other Instru- ments and Documents issued under the Great Seal. 5. The Secretary of State shall be the Superintendent l8f)8.] APPENDIX IT. 255 General of Indian affaira, and shall as such have the control and management of tlie lands and property of the Indians in Canada. . 6. All lands reserved for Indians or for any tribe, band or body of Indians, or held in trust for their benefit, shall be deemed to be reserved and held for the same purposes, as be- fore the passing of this Act, but subject to its provisions ; and no such lands shall be sold, alienated or leased until they have been released or surrendered to the Crown for the purposes of this Act. 7. All moneys or securities of any kind applicable to the support or benefit of the Indians or any tribe, band or body of Indians, and all moneys accrued or hereafter to at;crue from the sale of any lands or of any timber on any lanus reserved or held in trust as aforesaid, shall, subject to tiie provisions of this Act, be applicable to the same purposes, and be dealt with in the same manner as they might have been applied to or dealt with before the passing of this Act. 8. No release or surrender of lands reserved for the use of the Indians or of any tribe, baud or body of Indiana, or of any individual Indian, shall be valid or binding, except on the following conditions : 1. Such release or surrender shall be assented to by the chief, or if there be more than one chief, by a majority of the chiefs of the tribe, band or body of Indians, assembled at a meeting or council of the tribe, band or body summoned for that purpose according to their rules and entitled under this Act to vote thereat, and held in the presence of the Secretary of State or of an officer duly authorized to attend such council by the Grovernor in Council or by the Secretary of State ; pro- vided that no Chief or Indian shall be entitled to vote or be present at such council, unless he habitually re- sides on or near the lands in question. 2. The fact that such release or surrender has been as- sented to by the chief of such tribe, or if more than one, by a majority of the chiefs entitled to vote at such council or meeting, shall be certified on oath And Super- iatcndeatof Indian af- fairs. Indian Lands, to be under this Act. Alienation on certain conditions only. Moneys, se- curities, timber,etc., applicable to Indians, to be under this Act. Conditions on which only, In- dian lands may be sur- rendered, etc. Consent of the chief or chiefs of the tribe. Proviso : who may vote. Certificate of assent to be forward- ed to Secre- tai-y of State. i ):i I k ' P, II ii- ;ii ir'jjii 256 APPtNDIX II. [1868 t, . "i ]■ ilii.i! ; ^i Penalty for introducing liquor at anyinefiting for such as- sent. Any sur- render otherwise invnlid, not herehy con- firmed. Governor in Council to direct the application of Indian moneys. before some Judge of a Superior, County or District Court, by the officer authorized by the Secretary of State to attend auch council or meeting, and by some one of the chiefs present thereat and entitled to vote, and when so certified as aforesaid shall be transmitted to the Secretary of State by such officer, and shall be submitted to the Governor in Council for acceptance or refusal. 9. It shall not be lawful to introduce at any council rr meeting of Indians held for the purpose of discussing or of assenting to a release or surrender of lands, any strong or intoxicating liquors of any kind ; and any person who shall introduce at such meeting, and any agent or officer employed by the Secretary of State, or by the Governor in Council, who shall introduce, allow or countenance by his presence the use of such liquors a week before, at, or a week after, any such council or meeting, shall forfeit two hundred dollars, reco- verable by action in any of the Superior Courts of Law, one half of which penalty shall go to the informer. 10. Nothing in this Act shall confirm any release or sur- render which would have been invalid if this Act had not been passed ; and no release or surrender of any such lands to any party other^than the_,Crown, shall be valid. 11. The Governor in Council may, subject to the provisions of this Act, direct how, and in what manner, and by whom the moneys arising from sales of Indian Lands, and from the pro- perty held or to be held in trust for the Indians, or from any timber thereon, or from any other source for the benefit of In- dians, shall be invested from time to time, and how the pay- ments or assistance to which the Indians may be iutitled shall be made or given, and may provide for the general management of such lands, moneys and property, and direct what percentage or proportion thereof shall be set apart from time to time, to cover the cost of and attendant upon such management under the pru/isions of this Act, and for the construction or repair of roads passing through such lands, and by way of contribu- tion to schools frequented by such Indians. 12. No person shall sell, barter, exchange or give to any [1868 APPEWDIX IT. 257 )i3trict ■tary of ly some to vote, lamitted slinll be taiice or uucil '^r ing or of trong or rho shall 3m ployed Councili aence the any such ars, reco- Law, one se or sur- 1 not been ids to any provisions whom the the pro- from any lefit of In- Iw the pay- iitled shall luagement [percentage ;o time, to lent under In or repair contribu- Ive to any Indian man, woman or child iu Canada, any kind of spirituous liquors, in any manner or way, or cause or procure the same to be done for any purpose whatsoever ; — and if any person so sella, barters, exchanges or gives any such spirituous liquors to any Indian man, woman or child as aforesaid, or causes the same to be done, he shall on conviction thereof, before any Jus- tice of the Peace upon the evidence of one credible witness, other than the informer or prosecutor, be fined not exce'at»on» whether surrendered tor sale or reserved or set apart for the Lands, and Indians, and for ensuring and enforcing the collection of all t''»'|e'' <;»t moneys payable in respect of the said lands or timber, and for aiidmnyim- the direction and government of the oflBcers and persons em- po^e rmcs ployed in the management thereof or otherwise with reference of the sunn- thereto, and generally for carrying out and giving effect to the etc. provisions of this Act ; — and by such llegulatious the Governor in Council may impose such fines not exceeding in any case two hundred dollars, as he deems necessary for ensuring the duo observance of such Hegulations, the payment of all such moneys as aforesaid, a^d the enforcing of due obedience to the provisions of this Act, — and may by such Regulations provide for the forfeiture, or the seizure and detention of any timber in respect of which the said Regulations have been infringed, or on which any sum payable in respect thereof has not been paid, and for the sale of such timber (if not forfeited,) in case the dues, damages and fine be not paid within the time limited by such regulations, and the payment thereof out of the pro- ceeds of tho saiv. 'ud if forfeited such timber shall be dealt with as the regulation may direct : — and may appropriate any such fines in such manner ho may see fit ; and the Governor in Council may by such regulations provide for the forfeiture of any lease, licence of occupation, licence to cut timber, or other licence or permission of any kind with respect to such lands, if the conditions on which such licence or permission is granted are not observed ; but no such provision imposing any penalty or forfeiture shall impair or diminish any right or remedy of the Crown to recover any money or enforce the rciucJiii*. performance of the conditions of any such sale, lease, con- tract, obligation, licence, or permission in the ordinary course of law. 38. All Regulations or Orders in Council made under the I'ublica- next preceding section shall be published in the ' Canada *'<>"» 'iii'jct Gazette,' and being so published shall have the force of law, „f i/ggula- from the date of their publication or from such later date as t'"''9- may be therein appointed for their coming into force ; and any I'r()vi.s() : not to iin- pai r other ■ii ^mk 266 APPENDIX ri. [1868. Governor may ap- point agents, etc., under this Act. Governor in Council may trans- fer duties under this Act, to any other de- partment. Yearly re- port to Par- liament. Repeal of inconsistent enactments. such regulation may be repealed, amended or re-enacted by any subsequent regulation, and shall be in force until so repealed or amended unless an earlier period be therein appointed for theii ceasing to be in force ; and a copy of any such Ecgula- tions purporting to be printed by the Queen's Printer shall be prima facie evidence thereof. 39. The Governor may, from time to time, appoint oflScers and agents to carry out this Act, and any Orders in Council made under it, which officers and agents shall be paid in such manner and at such rates as the Governor in Council may direct. 40. The Governor in Council may at any time assign any of the duties and powers hereby assigned to and vested in the Secretary of State, to any other member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, and hi," department, and from the period appointed for that purpose by any order in Council sucli duties and powers shall be transferred to, and vested in such other member of Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada and his department. 41. The Secretary of State shall annually lay before Parlia- ment, within ten days after the meeting thereof, a report of the proceedings, transactions and affairs of the department during the year then next preceding. 42. So much of any Act or law sis may be inconsistent with this Act, or as makes any provision in any matter provided for by this Act, other than such as is hereby made, is repealed, except only as to things done, obligations contracted, or penal- ties incurred before the coming into force of this Act. 1869.] APPENDIX II. 267 Second— Mr. Langevin's Act, 32-33 Vict, o' ap. 6. [22 June, 1869.] An Act fob the gradual Enfeanchisement of Indians, the betteb management oe" indian affaibs, and lu extend the pbovisions of the act 31st victobia Chapteb 42. Hee Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: — 1. In Townships or othe* tracts of land set apart or reserved for Indians in Canada, and subdivided by survey into lots, no Indian or person claiming to be of Indian blood, or intermar- ried with au Indian family, shall be deemed to be lawfully in possession of any land in such Townships or tracts, unless he or she has been or shall be located for the same by the order of the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs; and any such person or persons, assuming possession of any lands of that description, shall be dealt with as illegally in possession, and be liable to be summarily ejected therefrom, unless that within six months from the passing of this Act, a location title be granted to such person or persons by the said Superin- tendent General of Indian Affairs or such officer or person as he may thereunto^ depute and authorize. But the conferring of any such location titlel^shall not have the effect of rendering the land covered thereby transferable or subject to seizure under legal process. 2. Any person liable to be summarily ejected under the next preceding section, may be removed from the land of which he may have assumed possession, in the manner provided by the eighteenth section of the Act passed in the thirty-first year of Her Majesty's reign, chapter forty-two, with respect to per- sons other than Indians, or those intermarried with Indians settling on the lands therein referred to without license of the Secretary of State ; and the said section, and' the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty- first sections of the said Act, are hereby extended to, and shall apply to persons liable to be summarily ejected under this Act, as fully in all respects as to persons liable to be removed from lands under the said Act. Preamble. What shall be deemed lawful pos- session of lands by In- dians. Proceed- ings to eject parties not lawfully in possession. i;t'.:lV 268 APPENDIX !T. [1869. Iks • Penalty on persona selling in- toxicating liquors to Indians. Imprison- ment in de- fault of pay- ment. Division of annuity money, etc. Indians convicted of crime excluded. How costs may be paid. 3. Any person who shall sell, barter, exchange, or give to any Indian man, woman, or child, any kind of spirituous or other intoxicating liquors, or cause or procure the same to be done, or open and keep or cause to be opened and kept, on any land set apart or reserved for Indians a tavern, house, or building where, spirituous or intoxicating liquors are sold or disposed of, shaP, upon conviction in the manner provided by section twelve of (he said Act thirty-first Victoria, chapter forty-two, be subject to the fine therein mentioned ; and in default of payment of such fine, or of any fine imposed by tlie above-mentioned twelfth section of the said Act, any person 80 offending may be committed to prison by the Justice of the Peace before whom the conviction shall take place, for a pe- riod not more than three months, or until such fine be paid ; and the commander of any steamer or other vessel, or boat, from on board, or on board of which, any spirituous or other intoxicating liqixor shall have been, or may be sold or disposed of to any Indian man, woman, or child, shall be liable to a similar penalty. 4). In the division among the members of any tribe, band, or body of Indians, of any annuity money, interest money or rents, no person of less than one-fourth Indian blood, born after the passing of this Act, shall be deemed entitled to share in any annuity, interest, or rents, after a certificate to that effect is given by the chief or chiefs of the band or tribe in Council, and sanctioned by the Superintendent General of Indian aftairs. 5. Any Indian or person of Indian blood, who shall be con- victed of any crime punishable by imprisonment in any peni- tentiary or other place of confinement, shall, during such im- prisonment, be excluded from participating in the annuities, interest money, or rents payable to the Indian tribe, band, or body, of which he or she is a member ; and whenever any In- dian shall be convicted of any crime punifihable by imprison- ment in a penitentiary, or other place of confinement, the legal costs incurred in procuring such conviction, and in carrying out the various sentences recorded, may be defrayed by the Superintendent Greneral of Indian Affairs, and paid out of au} Tm [1869. ir give to ituous or in)e to be kept, on house, or e sold or ovided by I, chapter id ; and ia led by the my person tice of the ;, for a pe- le be paid ; el, or boat, [8 or other ar disposed liable to a tribe, band, it money or Iblood, born led to share ;ate to that or tribe in General of liall be con- any peni- Ing such im- |e annuities, |be, band, or sver any In- ly imprison- it, the legal in carrying lyed by the out of an} 1869.] APPENDIX IT. 269 annuity or interests coming to si\c'i Indian, or to the band or tribe, as the case may be. 6. The fifteenth section of the thirty-ftrst Victoria, chapter Proviso forty-two, ia amended by adding to it the following proviso : 31 v. c 4 " Provided always that any Indian woman marrying any r. 15. other than an Indian, shall cease to be an Indian within the ln a o > w g I 1 JO OS si . 0.6 « to o ^ » a - ^'^^ ■" >. gg^ r • p • t" >1 Si H $ 4) l2 ■-! a, "3 Oi • l-^ -^ A ^ 93 g in § O § O o w w IN CO p< o s s 3) 8 8 IM bO r a, GQ I (3 I O u 3 : o ca 3 • Cli o bO . C a o3 I . s it -ag 01 u 3 O D >3 u 390 iiisJ I « 0) I APPENDIX V. -s 'S2 §§ ;: • S^ 02 a , ^1 * nS, en Oj rH i-l -< • • • « • ' 1^ II ■c.s 1 « r S R 1 ISil-H s c !u 3 p > -e a.a> >■ 9 as 2 a B § 1* 0) 13 • CD t> #t «t 1 1 . ^§ -^i- "SP^ •f!^ O^ »— 1 S's 5« ^"o -«o ■S'3 <5" ^Ph CO _r l^-tt -co 0% M *k »\ •* •* « £ M fe o rH . ^■^ -^S 0^ ^S c . IS 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 S 8 8 •8 I-l O ifj o (N r-l OWN pH • • • • • • • • • « -U *4 »^ (Z5 •§§ s.a ai g ■ ■ 1 " • • ^^ • a W) B |3 fe .a ^ C S ^ 6 2 1 • c • ,a • • • " m 3 r • - 1 • ^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^- f§ i 1 PM ■ 1 1 1 1 1 bo B 3 1 1 S o 1 ^ 11 l§t^ • M A •« •« «» M * s •* •* •» a a to «Q0'O APPENDIX V. 291 G O g s ^ ^ i-s J} p^ ^ ST o O ^ t-s 1-9 M 292 APPENDIX V. 1 11 I u a 2 PQ .1 n3 O 00 51 ^> ^5 0) es a 00 a go ll *t 00 o a J j9 n kO * a^^^sg .1 I- H oo s* P.&I e,rt go .-a 3 S .2«« 00 CO OS CO <1S ■»^ 00 ^«o 00" 00 - r-t . ■1888 88888 8888 O O to ' to kO 04 < N O 88 U3 O* di l-i S3 •g -w S t-l * ^ IRI oI^SWm Sua B fe & boo _ IPH' o ^6- •S h sa w R# APPENDIX, V. 293 0K •» •*'* 'S 88 S8* eh s mg: §£ IS *« "TS O M ^ 0) O CO t>»ao ® o" 33 pq bp o 13 -^ AN o § s s« S W)t3 •J o S «S O ^j II s| ^^ ■SI'S a !s 3 e9 ■«.3 GQ Q . §1 8CD O ■* P Q Ui ^1>M O O (M p US io ka o O) u3 , Q kO us CO iM C« ^ (N 01>pH CO «c eo ■* w us .H t> t^ ■* us USQOUSpt^pp 03000)00000 SrQcoeoususoQ 00 us <3 IM t» 1-1 us IM OS us 294 APPENDIX V. m I u o I 0) 'es -(J 0) '3 h-l a 43 a bJO P • »^ o O a • r-t u C4 72 13 S o '3 <0 XI a O ^ S OS o (nOU505»«OOi-H 1> -g »0 IM 00 (N U5 «0 iH'^r-l?CM«l r-4 •_ M M 05 »0 1> ^ « 00 **■ IH iH CO I 50 O ' ' \t 8-^ CO ' o ^-^> Q o to cs o iH 05 IN »o U5 (M ( ' 0> O) I 00 O i (N \a 05 kO t>> A a a £ :§ o o u 09 § '1 . 60 .a ■-8 •£1 . I • ej u S3 12 •S.Sfe •T) .§ .ITS 03 • ^ • -*^ □Q • O S> u &^ a § °« ^- £.2 S3 « 6 o3 QJ , 00 • T3 O :^»^^af£;s ^ §0.1 ^- CD en O -j; is -C O 53 O O ■S 3 n Crg o *^ - § (^ P Oh |li n p^ pq |£i 73 Z a a. 2 'si -a do T-- os 9 W , c ■s 4^ CO 1 s APPENDIX V. 295 ^3 9 a i a 4) P4 -a g I a o & S • •■4 r* mW O '30 ^ ID L M ^: ;3 Si«=' s 2 »- .a OS 1=1 a> •♦a a tD a a o •% ■*-» fl (D s o O) s GG CO l> «» S ^i> o Q CO Irt rH * O 05 r-l N «D^ 8Q ec © CO O O 00 O M O O 00 O 05 O aq Xi> rti O (N O^Ol>05Ti<00C0M inooiHCOfN ooous N (N 1-H iH 00 CO a OB QmPhPh u a s o O 00 a « d I O n o in c:a a o^ r M on o ^ 00 « 03 .2 ;j3 *3 -P 3 J; PhqqO •pq d ID s '^-t • O SPd ' T3 d bo a 03 s a C- o 5 O aj 'o 4) d T3 a d d □0 IS . ■Sg •g-i &5 CO h .o fl o 1 00 H 2 ^ d -•§ d ^ 6 a> u re g g 296 APPENDIX V. *!" m o © g Ph d ID ns U a M d 03 d a> bO d • f-t -♦J d o O •\ 09 d a Ph a> Oi QQ O •fa d o S ■s Q a 9) I s I .a -S O 3 .. o OQ .a I M a s iS88 8 1-1 UJ Ql> O M CO iH ■^ i-t loe-is^oo CO oi- •rt S I o .-2 Hi .2. a 3 . 88 « e S3 ao fl o o o a> :2 « J « C "J "5 ® ■i s § g •^ « 3 ® I 6" a II 00 M I a -S a •c o Oi 3 03 s = ;* s APPENDIX V. 297 D.— Statement of Sums paid out of the Lower Canada Indian Fund during the Year ending 30th June, 1869. * E.— Statement of Special Payments, Contingent and Inci- dental Expenditure, by the Indian Branch, Department of the Secretary of State, during the Tear ending 30th June, 1869, out of the Nova Scotia and New Bruns- wick Eund. 1 ■ I ii $ 298 APPENDIX V. ) ! > \l -m m m 00 m rO Q H 8 0) 0) OQ -1^ m 0) flFP o a, 00 M O ao .2.2 'a I Mi 03 00 •-oo flrH ^ oT 00 , 3 ^ -5 ^[H g3 ^ I -4J o 00 00 w to ^01 tS o 00 rH IN « rH • N 00 u «> OS* 40' IN W 05 CO CO IN (N Q 8 8 ■ g '♦ (N CO CO ^*s. o 00 8 8 CO CO iS OS 00 04* CO o (N CO o CO Q CO i-l 01 CD «» t* CO pH 00 2 -SS eo (M Oi t^ CO ««H • I • o -a p ■ ^ • W • • o 00 s**^ 04 eo o ^o 1§ -I-l P4 s c H O d ■e e3 Qj '2* 9 1^ 1^ la 1^ 03 04 a, :a APPENDIX V. 299 00 eo o o 00 8 o. w OJ CO 00 o 00 t> eo .a QQ 3 .8 f 0) M O o a -4^ o GO Ol 63 (U p- M W a 03 'S o S S3 ^ § « OS 0000 .-• t* S OS t> o iH 03 m CO pH US o iH rl in -^ t* 00* US tti 01 1 ss* ^^•S s* oS us« us ?, «» TjT 8^" - f2 pH us ^ IN 00 eo rH . i s •* o> l> o pH us CO OS s pH i-( OJ iH US IH « US 6 -- 2 52 s? s ^ (O 04 OS OS s S * iH CO * r-l i-l« lH« us t»* pH 9 ««• ^ |S$" r^" « S 1 IH 1-1 ■2 S g • 8 • • i ^ o us i «. 2* s •*g •* ■* OS os« us a i4 00 . oi Ol 1 H rji- *» to to O>0S OS ^ 5! 8 S 5; !s S '^^ iH OS «p ,H eoi>* «o CM » OS us 00 CO O -^ S3* OS* 1> Q« eo ^ ■v> o «0 05 OS us rH OS 6^ I-l « TjT rf «r pH 04 IS pH 1 03 O • • 8 S ^ 1 00 « * * * s 1* p-l £ M • • t^ t>. CO CO ,04 m * us us ^1 i « 8 8 8* US • 8 • 8* pH" • 8 0* ^ ■* 00« «0 1> ^ CO CO CO o-S ts i> OJxffl IM «0 CO CO OS II 00 •* 'Jl 00 00 ^* pH Tfl t* „ !P* Ot>« (£> r-l« 00 CO* 04 ® S «^ e^ 00 lA F4 (M '*, OS «0"(M" ■* os" pH i s ^ • 8 to eo s e s ^f (0« S "•S • 00 * s s* s '-'•S \a »o • OS us us pH O 00 us ^ ^• II ■ri: • § O <= fe^ HH o • ;neral Fund, sional Accou dian Land M ment Fund . * 1^ 1 ibewas and Manitoulin * c Ifations Grand Riv dian Schoo * irden River ibewas of Huron * i •* II 00 Q 09 o H ! 1 ^ a A 6? a d> A 300 APPENDIX V. V. > pq a S O s 4) a 1 0) 3 O -♦a a r3 o .a a i s • so -s « }2 i SQ 1 00^ i- tH o 0) M o O 1 1 i i» • i,a7G 2 50 »» • • , , »i 11 • 589 2 50 Albemarle . • . II II • 21,193 2 50 Sarawak . . . , i> 11 • 85} 2 50 Half Mile Strip . . >i II 415 2 50 Indian Reserve, Cape Crokor II II ■ 425 1 00 Eastnor . . II II 51,892 1 00 Lindsay . . II II 69,084 1 00 St. Edmund . II 11 66,720 1 00 Macdonald . Lake Huron, North Shore 18,561 20 Aweres . . >i If 21,544 20 Fenwick . . U l< 17,168 20 Kars . . . II J> 10,3544 20 Pennefathcr . 1 II )> 17,894 20 Dennis . . l» n 3,518 20 Neebing . . Lake Superior, Batcho- wanung Bay . . . 20,660 20 Pai-Poonge . II 11 43,846 20 Herriok . . i> II 7,205 20 Fisher . . . II II 12,241 20 TiUey .... II II 13,261 20 Haviland . . , II II 3,821 20 Vankoughnet II II 2,800 20 Tupper . . . II II 2,800 20 Archibald . . II II 2,980 20 Tyendinaga . . Ba '^f Quint6 . . . 7,165 2 50 Orford . . . C Kent . . 215 4 68 Thorah Island .ooe . . . 853 4 00 Bidwell . . ulin Island, ^dKe Huron . . . 26,201 J Lands, iT acre. Lands, racre. Howland . . II II 20,016 Shiguiandah . 27,583 Billings . . . 21,053 Assiginack . . 14,102 111? Campbell . . 38,980 Carnarvon . , 14,669 Allan .... 22,076 Tehkummah . . . II II 17,888 622,546t APPKNDIX V. 803 J. — Compnrntive Stntomont of the Population of tho different Indian Tribes and BimdH throughout Canada, between tlie Yeara 18U8 and 18G0. veraxe ll« pOT ucro. eta. 2 60 2 50 2 BO 9. Rn 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2 50 4 68 4 00 F a«e Xfame of Tribe or Band. Province op Ontauio. OncidoB of tho Tliaines ChippewaH arul M\in8ue9 of tho Thumes . . Momviuns of tho TlinnicB Wyandotts of Andordon Chippowas, Pott iiwati mica, and Ottawaa of Wulpolo Island Chippowas of Siimia „ Snaku Island „ Rama „ Christian Island Mississoguas of Uice, Mud, and Scugog Lakes Mohawks of Bay of Quinte ...... Mississaguas of Alnwick Ojibways of Sandv Island Chippewas of Saugeen „ Cape Croker Christian Island Band on Manitoulin Island Six Nation Indians on the Grand River . . Mississajjims, lato of tiie River Credit, now on the Grand River Odnhwas or Podahwadamies of Christian Island Chippewas of Lake Superior „ Lake Huron .... Manitoulin Island Indians Golden Lake Indians PnoviNCB OF Quebec. Iroquois of Sault St. Louis „ St. Regis Nipissings, Algonquins, and Iroquois of the Lake of Two Mountains River Desert Indians Abenakis of St. Francis „ Becancour Hurons of Lorette Amalecites of Vigor Micmacs of Restigouche „ Maria Montagnais of Point Bleu and Ohicoutimi . „ Moisie and Seven Islands . . Pop. in 1808. 529 606 25y 70 804 485 128 271 192 302 683 198 184 292 346 73 2796 205 1263 1846 1300 185 1601 801 611 358 268 83 297 378 113 200 137 Pop. in 1809. 697 270 72 522 127 277 199 315 700 207 187 300 362 2810 215 44 37 6" 7 13 17 8 16 14 10 9 11 III 304 APPENDIX V. J. — Comparative Statement of the Population, etc. — continued. r^-U !f 1:'!^ Name of Tribe or Band. Pbovincb op Quebec — continued. Montagnais of Betsiamits .... „ Grand Cascapediac . „ Eiver Godbout . . Naskapees of the Lower St. Lawreijce ■ Golden Lake Indians ..... Province op Nova Scotia. Indians of Annapolis . Colchester . Cumberland . Digby . . . Guysborough Halifax . . Hants . . . Kings . . . Lunenburg . Pictou . . Queens . . Shelbume . Antigonish . Yarmouth . Cape Breton Inverness . . Bichmund . Victoria . . Pbovincb op New BBxrNSWiOK. Indians of Bestigouche „ Sbediac „ Northumberland Indian Village, Indian Point, opposite Fre- dericton Indians of the County of Gloucester . . . Kent Tobique Dorchester Pop. in 1868. 584 75 73 2860 85 70 60 75 65 100 110 90 100 50 195 110 65 180 50 180 70 160 116 60 51 410 1000 5? 383 128 34 Pop. in 1869. 3 3 K. — Number of Letters, Petitions, etc., entered in the Eegia- tration Book of this Branch as received during the Year, from the let of July, 1868, to 30th June, 1869. 1 APPENDIX V. 305 ^ a- o «o .s '5 0) O a> « CJ n 03 Oi (U g 05 P o >•§ o o o - 05 o o ©- op S j3 -a 5„ C4-1 o <1> S 00 ■M J3 ;3 ■u 00 ,a 00 s 2 © ■4J -C m -, , •>A (A < a fH ' B< •ON l^V^X * CI Ift * * eo * •SHIO JO '0^ J, 00 »# « S* (N » •sioQjo ox • g ^* * 2» »0 (M » J. -« t»> £ S "CO • ^1 .J^-C . W§ .a I □ i ■s* '0'- .18 i po # .a a in » ^ «*- to • la 'O t« 1 1 11 1 ^ gxi4J a * « » « p J: >>g a one 1 'Bi fe 1 2 -2 .-a i^ a s ;5 ^''^ ^A ^ ^H if^CJ^ per num. 1! 8 8 * * ■* 8 0* 8 8 t- * m § ap irt 10 \n f-* (N W iH (M ■* T3 • • • -3 C .s 1 : 1 , , , g g OT « S fe 2 »• "o * * ^ 1 S d go B 3 a ^ 1 -4^ 9] s ^ ^ s t-i 6 ^ "0 42 • oT • ^iJ d • ia . .s s -3* (u .88,". ^ H) 3 n I?; .g^ ^ i 1 P4 1^ ° ; " 8 I 5- ® 5 « $B 5 5 C3 tC •4-> s P oi 4) S '0 m pg T3 a HsPh o c M 3 1-spq 8 a 93 C£5„„ Ml K 1^ >■ ^ ■4^ c e 01 CQ H^ 1 n S s I i-((NWT}tvfl{Ot»00O> 2 Q ooooooooo.S O 'IS .a QQ I fifl (4 a ID § *^. 1^ 807 APPENDIX VI. I 8 -a i* A^* (p. 115.) The New England Company's Commission, 18tii June, 1870, TO THE Honourable A. E. Botsford. To all to whom these presents shall come The Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts adjacent in America send greeting Whereas certain pr„^ irty real and personal is vested in the said Company for tlie pur- poses of their Charter dated the 7th day of February in the 14th year of the reign of King Charles the Second and the clear yearly income of the same property ouglit to be from time to time applied for promoting and propagating the Gospel of Christ unto and amongst the heathen natives in part of British North America within or near the territories by the Charter described as New England and parts adjacent in America and also for civilizing teaching and instructing the said heathen natives and their children not only in the principles and know- ledge of the true religion and in morality and the knowledge of the English tongue and in other liberal arts and sciences but for the educating and placing of them or their children in some trade mystery or lawful calling And whereas a rent charge granted in perpetuity to the said Company in pursu- ance of the directions and by the executors of the Will of the Honourable Eobert Boyle the first Governor of the said Com- pany and some accumulations thereof are vested in the said Com- pany and the said rent charge and the yearly income of the ac- cumulations thereof ought to be from time to time applied for the advancement of the Christian religion among infidels in the parts of America under the dominion of Her Majesty And whereas under and by virtue of the Will of Doctor Daniel Williams deceased certain other property real and personal is vested in the said Company and the yearly income thereof x2 iiiRllliilliii I ! T S' iiU i I 11 308 APPENDIX VI. [1870. ought to be from time to time paid and applied towards the advancement of the Christian religion among Indians Blacks and Pagans in some or one of Her Majesty's plantations and colonies and in maintaining educating civilizing and re- lieving the necessities of the said Indians Blacks and Pagans 80 far as such application in the maintenance education civilization, and relief of the necessities of the same Indians Blacks and Pagans is connected with or subservient to the purpose of advancing the Christian religion And whereas to- wards carrying into effect the purposes aforesaid the said Company have for nearly 50 years employed in the part of America now called the Dominion of Canada divers ministers interpreters school-teachers and other officers and have from time to time built or contributed to the building of churches parsonage houses schools and other buildings at a station called the Six Nations or Grand River Station betv^een Brant- ford and the mouth of the Grand River in Lake Erie and par- ticularly a parsonage house and a Mechanics' Institution near the Mohawk church and village about 3 miles below Brantford and a church and parsonage hoiise at the Tuscarora village about 7 miles below the Mohawk village and all on the north- east side of the Grand River and schools on both aides of the river and within the last few years another church called St. Paul's Church at Kanyeageh in the Tuscarora townsliip on the south-west side of the Grand River at a distance of 7 miles from the said Tuscarora church and 10 miles from the Mohawk institution and parsonage and the old church there and have since at their own sole charge built a parsonage for the residence of the clergyman officiating there And whereas the said Company have from time to time for many years past laid out and applied large annual and other sums of money for the purpose of building the said churches parsonage houses schools and other buildings and extensively repairing the old Mohawk church and in rebuilding and enlarging the Mohawk institution and maintaining the same churches and other buildings and paying the salaries of the ministers interpreters school-teachers and other officers employed by them on both •aides of the river between Brantford and Lake Erie and other- W- ^1^1 1870.] APPENDIX VI. 309 wise for or towards accotnplishing among the Six Nation ludiaus tliere the purposes hereinbefore speciGed and such annual and other sums of money have been derived from the income of the charitable funds or property so vested in the said Company as aforesaid And whereas the Eev. Wm. Hough was the Company's first missionary at their said Grand Eiver Station and in succession to him the Company in 1827 engaged the services of the Kev. Robert Lugger as their Mis- sionary to the Six Nation Indians (Mohawks Oneidas Tusca- roras Onondagas Cayugas and Senecas) And whereas the said Eobert Lugger arrived at Brantford in the month of October 1827 and shortly afterwards visited all th«^ tribes of the Six Nations and some other Indian tribes dispersed along the north-east bank of the Grand River from Brantford t( J "ike Erie and found the population of the Six Nations about IJOO in number and having found a settlement cal^-J Nelles' Settle- ment consisting of 30 families of whites midway between Brantford and Lake Erie and tlie distances being so great the said Robert Lugger strongly recommended the appointment as his assistant among the Tuscaroras of the Rev. Abraliam Nelles who then held some appointment under the Society for Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts and in 1831 his services were transferred from the Society to the Company And he remained in the service of the Company from 31st July 1831 as the said Robert Lugger's assistant till the death of the latter and the Company in the year 1835 built him a parsonage on the north-east side of the river at a spot selected by the Lieutenant Governor of the colony and equidistant be- tween the Tuscaroras and Onondagas And whereas the Company in the year 1837 commissioned one of their mem- bers together with their then Clerk as Secretary to visit all their missions and to ascertain the state of the Company's affairs in Canada and to report thereon to the Company with full powers And whereas in the result the said Abraham Nelles was appointed (30th September 1837) the Company's first or chief missionary at Mohawk viMage and amongst the Indians of the Six Nations on the banks of the Grand River Upper Canada subject to such directions as the Company 'SI niiiH I ■i 310 APPKNDIX VI. [1870. li i'^ i 'I might from time to time give and to the appointment of such other missionaries or agents lay or clerical within the district above mentioned as the Company might think proper and he was to have during the continuance of his appointment as their missionary a fixed stipend and the use and occupation of the Mohawk parsonage and glebe And whereas the Reverend Adam Elliot was appointed to succeed Mr. Nelles at Tuscarora and his Agreement dated Ist December 1837 was that he would devote his time and his abilities to the service of the New England Company in preaching and in teaching through frequent intercourse and familiar conversation the Christian Protestant religion to the Indians on the Grand River particu- larly at Tuscarora and that neighbourhood ami that he would superintend the schools there established by the New England Company taking care that the masters performed their duty regularly and conducted themselves with propriety And further that in conjunction with the Reverend Abraham Nelles the Company's chief missionary or minister at the Mohawk village he would use his best endeavours to induce the Indians to learn the arts and practise the duties of civilized life And in consideration of these services he was to have a fixed stipend to be drawn for by him on the Treasurer of the Company in London half yearly and the use of fifty acres of land as glebe and of the said Tuscarora parsonage upon the said land And whereas tlie Six Nation Indians for the most part are now on the south-west side of the river living dispersedly on an Indian reserve some 55,000 acres in extent and about 10 miles square but some few families of Indians still remain on the north-east bank of the river. And whereas ihe Company's present mis- sionaries the said Abraham Nelles and Adam Elliott live at the said Mohawk and Tuscarora parsonages and the Reverend Ro- bert James Roberts who in the year 1862 on the recommenda- tion of the Bishop of Huron was appointed by the said Abraham Nelles his assistant missionary lives in a log house near the re- cently built church of Kanyeageh and near the parsonage still more recently built by the Company for the minister thereof And whereas some unfortunate misunderstanding and discord have arisen within the last 2 years in connection with the Com- 1870.] APPENDIX VI. 311 pany's proceedings and aflairs on the banks of the Gra.id River And whereas the said Company are desirous of putting an end to all diftbrences (and with this view) of obtaining ac- curate inforiuatioa concerning the present position of the Indians near the Grand Eiver and concerning the progress state and prospects of their own affairs near the Grand liiver and concerning the welfare and the advancement in reli- gion morality and civilization of the Indian and other native tribes among whom the ministers interpreters school-teachers and agents of the said Company have laboured and are still labouring in the neighbourhood of the Mohawk Tuscarora and Kanyeageh Missions in forwarding the objects of the said Company And whereas the Honourable Amos Edwin Bots- ford of Sackville Westmoreland in the Province of New Brunswick in the Dominion of Canada a Member of the Senate of the said Dominion has been requested on behalf of the Company to undertake such inspection and investigation and has consented so to do And the said Company are desirous of appointing him the said Amos Edwin Botsford as their Commissioner to act for them in the said Dominion in manner and for the purposes hereinafter expressed And whereas the said Company have given or intend forthwith to give the said Commissioner instructions for his private guidance and direc- tion in relation to the aflfairs of the said Company near Grand River aforesaid and are minded and desirous to furnish the said Commissioner in manner hereinafter expressed with full power and authority to investigate all or any of the affairs of the said Company near the Grand River and to report thereon to the Company with the powers hereinafter expressed Now know ye that the said Company by virtue and in exercise of every power in them vested or in anywise enabling them in this behalf Do hereby constitute and appoint the said Amos Edwin Botsford to be their Commissioner for and in the name of the P'.id Company to visit the Six Nation Indians on both sides V i the Grand River and investigate and fully inquire into the subsisting relations with the Indians and between them- selves of the several persons there employed directly or indi- rectly by the Company and into all or any of the affairs of the In I ! . 312 APPENDIX VI. [1870. ffl ml m ■:l' !;■ 1?- ;. 1 said Company in tlie Dominion of Canada within 20 miles on either side of the Grand River tiud to inspect and examiue all or any matters and things in Canada relating to or connected with the Company's affairs and to report thereon to the said Company with his recommendations as to the best modes of giving eflfect for the future to the objects which it is the duty of the Company to accomplish under their threefold trust and in the meantime to communicate with the Company as and when he may think fit And also for and in the name of the Company (if and when occasion shall in his judgment require) to call upon aud by due course of law to compel all or any of officers and persons employed by the said Company aud all or any other persons or person whomsoever to give information touching such affairs matters aud things or any of them and to produce to the said Commissioner all or any grants deeds accounts letters documents papers and writings in their or any of their possession custody or power and to permit him to take copies thereof In witness whereof the said Company have to these presents caused their Common Seal to be affixed this eighteenth day of June a.d. 1870. The Seal of the Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts adjacent in America was affixed to this Commission on this 18th day of June 1870 by Order of a Court of the said Company of the 17th day of June 1870. Walteb C. Venking, Clerk. * t ii i 1 : [1870. 1870.] 3L3 APPENDIX VII. ill I (p. 117.) Eeport of the Hon. A. E. Botsfobd, Commissioner op THE Nkw England Company, on tiieiii Missionauy Stations on the Grand Kivee, near Brantpoed, Ontario. Presented December, 1870. Report of the Hou. A. E. Botaford, Coimnissioner of the Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts adjacent in America, appointed by a Commission under the seal of the Company, dated the 18th day of June, 1870, for, and in the name of the said Company, to visit the Six Nations Indians on the Grand liiver, near Brantford, Ontario, with power to investigate and fully inquire into the relations of the Indians and any of the affairs of the said Com- pany, and the several persons employed by it, etc. etc., and to report thereon to the said Company. On the 20tb day of September I arrived at Brantford, having been unavoidably prevented from entering on the per- formance of the duties entrusted to me at an earlier day. I immediately proceeded to visit the Company's Missions of Kanyeageh, situated in the centre of the Indian Reserve of (50,000 acres) Tuscarora, on the left bank of the Grand Eiver, and the Mohawk Mission, near the town of Brantford ; I called upon the Rev. Canon Nelles, the Rev. Mr. Roberts, and the Rev. Mr. Elliot. I may here remark that all these reverend gentlemen have afforded every aid in their power, and given me the fullest information on all subjects connected with the Company's affairs. I have also to express my thanks to Mr. Gilkison, the Government visiting Superintendent, for the valuable assist- ance and information I have received from him during the inquiry. 314 APPENDIX Vll. [1870. ri ;!t, Churches. The old Mohawk Church stands on the north-east bank of the Grand Kiver, about a quarter of a mile from the Company's Mohawk Institution. It ia the oldest Protestant churcu in Western Canada, and was built by the aid of the Six Nations Indians when they emigrated fro.n the valley of the Mohawk Eiver, state of New York, during the Revolutionary War. They and their descendants continued to worship in this church until the irresistible encroachment and pressure of the white man drove them again further into the wilderness. It stands a memorial of the past, amidst the graves of Indian chiefs and warriors, an interesting ruin. The churchyard is the last resting place of the celebrated Indian chief and warrior Brant, of historic fame, to whom the Six Nations Indians and his white friends have erected a per- manent stone monument, with the following inscription : — This Tomb « Is erected to the Memory of TUEYONDANEGEA, Oil CAPTAIN JOSEPH BRANT, PRINCIPAL CHIEF AND WARRIOR of the Six Nations Indians, by his Fellow Subjects and admirers of his fidelity and attachment to the British Crown. Born on the Banks of the Ohio Eiver, 11i:2 ; Died at Wellington Square^ U.C, 1807. An effort is being made by the Indians and their friends, to repair this church. A large committee has been appointed to collect subscriptions for this purpose, of which the Kev. Canon Nelles is chairman, and Allen Cleghorn, Esq., an elected Mohawk Chief, is the treasurer. They have obtained an esti- mate of the probable cost of such repairs, which amounts to <$flOOO (dollars currency), and have succeeded in raising the sum of ^265 currency, which they have expended in putting a new roof on, and making a brick foundation to the old build- ing. The balance required to complete it, they have not yet suc- ceeded in getting. The Committee laid the plans and estimate 1870.] APPENDIX Vll. 815 of the cost of restoration of the church before me, and earnestly requested that I would briug the subject before the New Eng- land Company, and recommend it to make an appropriation to aid them in their laudable eifort. This church is so near the tohawk Institution, the pupils could at all times attend service there ; and I have no doubt many of the Indians on the nearest part of the reserve would also frequently attend the church, if it were repaired, as it is still cherished by them as the place where their fatiiers wor- shipped ; and the churchyard coutains the graves of many of their celebrated chiefs, warriors, and relations. I think the restoration of this old church an object well worthy of the favourable consideration of the Company, and I hope it will bt in its power to make a grant of at least £50 (fifty pounds sterling) for that purpose. There is an old wooden church at the Tuscarora Mission, on the left bank of the Grand River, about eleven miles from the town of Brantford, in which service is held once a mouth by the Rev. Mr. Elliot, assisted sometimes by the Rev. Canon Nelles, when the holy communion is administered. Service is performed during the remaining Sundays in each month by the Rev. Mr. Elliot, on the opposite baiik of the river, in the several school-houses in the vicinity, for the convenience of the Indian congregation, who are thus relieved from the necessity of crossing the river, which, sometimes in the spring of the year, is attended with some diflficulty and danger. As there are but six Indian families now residing on the left bank of the Grand River, it has been proposed to build a new church on the south-west side, the materials are now being collected for that purpose, and when completed will afford much greater facility for the Indians to attend church, and will no doubt tend to increase the congregation. Some difference of opinion has been expressed as to the site for this new church, and it has been proposed to place it more in the centre of the Reserve, or nearer the Indian Council House ; but after full inquiry and consideration of this ques- tion, I have no doubt that the site selected on the right bank of the Grand River, nearly opposite the Tuscarora Parsonage, 310 APPENDIX VII. [1870. ■1 fn U i ^ is the moat convenient and Huitablo place for the church. It will not only accommodate as many of the Indian families as any other that could be chosen, but the Indians like to come out to the river to attend worship, in preference to any other place, and it would not interfere with the attendance at the Kanyea- geh Church, which would be the case if the new church were placed near the council house. Kanteageh CnuRcn, Situated nearly in the centre of the Tuscarora Reserve, is a very beautiful brick building, with two handsome memorial stained-glass windows, one m the chancel and the other in the west end, erected by the Rev. Canon Nelles and the Itev. Mr. Elliot to deceased members of their respective families. The side windows are all of cathedral glass. This beautiful church in the midst of the forest is a striking and pleasing object to the traveller, and reflects great credit upon the Com- pany and the gentlemen through whose exertions and liberality it has been erected. It is capable of seating 250 persons. At present, service is performed once every Sunday in this church by the Rev. Canon Nelles. While visiting this part of Kanyeageh Mission, the Rev. Dean Hoare, from England, accompanied by the Rev. Canon Nelles and the Rev. Messrs. Elliot and Moli'at, held service in this chui'ch, and the Rev. Dean delivered an admirable and appropriate discourse to the large Indian congregation which liad assembled to hear him ; the Indian choir sang the hymns in the Mohawk language. They were all comfortably clothed, and very devout in their conduct. Within a mile of this church lives an old chief and warrior of the Tutele tribe, 110 years old ! He is the last of his race, bis people having been cut oif by the smallpox years ago ; and he dwells now a lone man among the Six Nations, a t-ad evidence of the havoc civilization has made of the aborigines, who once roamed at will over this vast continent. t ■«} ; I 1 !• Jli 1870.J API'KNDIX VII. 317 Parsonages. The Molmwk Mi^Hioii pjirsoimge, in whidi the "Rev. Canon Ncllcs resides, is a substantial, coniniodiouw brick building in t'ottngo form, in a good state of ri'|)air; it has ii verandah. It is situated ou the glebe lot of 220 acres, on the north-east bank of iho Grand lliver Navigation Coin|)any'a Canal, about one mile from the town of Brantford, and about one-third of a mile from the Mohawk Institution. About 60 acres of the glebe is covered with brush and young trees, and is preserved for wood; the renuiiiider on that side of the canal is well cultivated by Mr. Nelles. The soil is good, and it is a valuable property; he has leased u small portion of it for a brick-yard, where excellent bricks are being manufactured. The part of the glebe (about 20 acres) lying south-west of the canal, and adjoining the Babcock lot, ia cultivated by the Superintendent Bouslaugh, and the proceeds credited to the funds of the Mohawk Institution, Mr. Nelles having authorized this arrangement. Adjoining the glebe is the Company's school lot, containing fifty (50) acres, uncultivated. The valuable timber was taken from it years ago ; Mr. Nelles is now preserving the new growth, which will become valuable in time. TuscAHORA Parsonage Is built on the Company's 17^ acre lot, about half a mile south of the old Tuscarora Church, It is a comfortable two-storey building, with a kitchen attached. It has a wide verandah round two sides of the main building. The Rev. Mr. Elliot occupies this parsonage, and the 36^ acre lot near the old church as a glebe. Kanteagbh Pabbonagb Is a new brick building, two storeys high, with a wooden verandah round the front and two sides ; the kitchen extends to the rear. This parsonage is well proportioned and sub- stantially built, and is a most desirable residence for the mis- sionary. The Eev. Mr. Eoberts is now living ia it. i i ! Hi !!i 1 '!!i tl-ilt' 318 APPENDIX VII. [1870. . • re J 1 .if Much requires to be done in clearing up and laying out the grounds, which are in their primitive state ; large pine stumps in close proximity to the verandahs give evidence of the rich- ness of the soil, and the labour required to cultivate it. The Rev. Mr. Roberts informed me that there is a spring in the cellar, vrhich requires a subdrain leading to the small brook in front of the house, as without it some six inches of water re- mains on the cellar floor. Day Schools on the Reserve. During my visit to the Six Nations Indians 1 personally examined all the schools supported by the Company, and found generally the attendance oi the children to be very irregular, and the average attendance mucii under the total numbers on the registers. In every instance, however, the teachers stated that there was, and had been, a greater prevalence of fever and ague among the children on the Reserve this season than usual, which they asserted was the principal cause of the compara- tively few children I found at the schools. Other causes exist which prevent the scholars from reaping the full benefit of these useful institutions, — the state of the roads in winter ; the prevailing custom of the parents taking their children from school to assist in putting in and securing their crops. There exists also a want of control of the Indians over their children, and an indifference manifested as to their attendance at school, which operates very prejudicially. I was informed, however, by persons who have the best opportunity of knowing, that much greater interest is being taken in the education of their children by the Indians than formerly ; in proof of this, I may mention that many Indians expressed to me a desire to have their children placed at the Mohawk Institution. With all the difl&culties and drawbacks connected with these day schools, I consider them highly useful in promoting the objects which the Company have in view, and well worthy of its continued support. The land for the school-houses on the Reserve has, in nearly every instance, been surrendered by the Indian occupier of the ^mw, m 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 319 lot upon wliich the house may have been built for school pur- poses, in quantities from an acre to less pieces. In no case that I am aware of has a grant issued to convey the title, but no difficulty or inconvenience has yet arisen, or is likely to arise, from this, as the title to the land remains in the Dominion Government, which would always interfere to protect the proprietors of the schools. There are no school-houses now vacant belonging to the New England Company. No. 1 School is taught by Miss Crombie, in a frame school- house, lathed and plastered inside ; it is well supplied with desks, benches, maps, blackboards, and school-books authorized by the Council of Public Instruction for Ontario. This school- house is situated quite near Kanycageh Church, and was built principally with the Company's funds ; an acre of land has been appropriated for the use of the school, which the trustees whom I met there promised to have cleared of the underbrush and fallen trees. There were present 34 children, comfortably and neatly clothed, with few exceptions. Branches taught: spelling, readin" writing, arithmetic, and geography. The writing- books of the scholars were unusually free from blots, and were well written ; the first class read and spelt with facility. Five of the scholars had lately been selected by the Eev. Canon Nelles from this school, and admitted to the Mohawk Institution. The average attendance at this school is 30, and the total number on the register 85. Mrs. Roberts and Miss Crombie taught a night-school two nights in each week in this school- house during last winter, at which many adult Indians at- tended. This school is under the Rev. Mr. Roberts' sursr- intendence. No. 2 School is taught by James Hill, a Mohawk Indian, educated at the Mohawk Institution. The school-house is a log building, hired by Mr. Roberts on account of the Com- pany. The books used in the school are the new series of school-books authorized by the Council of Public Instruction for Ontario ; it is supplied with maps and blackoonrd. Branches 320 APPENDIX VII. [1870. ^.r' »;■' ''h i:!:-?: J .f-l ,. ./. w. *t i taught : spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, and geography ; 34 scholars were present. The average attendance in winter 25, and in summer 2G ; total number on register GG. The copy-books of the pupils were clean and well written. A little boy in this school, not quite eight years of age, is very clever and forward in his studies ; speaks Mohawk, Tuscarora, and English ; he is a son of a Seneca Indian and a white woman. The children were comfortably clothed. The Indians in this vicinity, assisted by the Company, have commenced to build a new scliool-house, on a half acre of land given by one of them, opposite the Indian Council House. The frame was all ready, and they would have raised it the day I examined the school had it not rained. Under the Eev. Mr. Roberts' superintendence. No. 3 School, taught by Alexander Smith, a Mohawk Indian, educated at Mohawk Institution, and went a short time to the Brantford Grammar School. This school was formerly taught by Isaac Barefoot ; it is situated in the western part of the l^eserve ; the school-house was built by the Indians, framed and clap-boarded, but it is not now in a good state of repair. Books in use: the old and new series of Canadian school- books. Branches taught: spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. They have no maps or blackboard. Sixteen pupils were present when I examined the school. Average attendance in May last appeared, by the school register, to be 29 daily. He has on the register 32 boys and 27 girls, and has been teaching five months. He complained that many of his oldest scholars were absent, and others were sick. Those present were rot far advanced in the elementary branches, and the teacher lacked method and quickness in his manner of teach- ing, though he evidently possesses sufficient information to qualify him to teach a school of this class. It is under the superintendence of the Rev. Canon Nelles. ' No. 4 School. Mrs. Powless teaches this school ; she is a Mohawk, went to one of the day-schools, and finished her education at the Mohawk Institution. She is an Episco- palian. The school is kept in a log house, built by the Baptists, and leased by the Company. It was a very rainy day 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 321 lis a her tsco- tbe day when I visited the school, and but few children were present. The average attendance in winter is 25, in summer 20, and the number on the register 85. They have a blackboard, maps, and the Canadian series of school-books to the fourth number. She stated that many of the children were prevented from ottending at this season of the year by fever and ague. The branches taught are spelling, reading, writing, arithmet:*^, and geography. The school-house is situated on the south-west bank of the Grand Eiver, nearly opposite the Tuscarora Church. The Eev. Mr. Elliot superintends this school; he remarks, " The attendance at this school is now very irregular, and chiefly, I believe, on account of the negligence of their pii'ents." No. 5 School is situated on the third Concession Koad, and one and a half miles from the south-east boundary of the Indian Keserve. It was formerly taught by A. Anthony, but is now kept by Daniel Simons, a Delaware, who was educated at the Mohawk Institution. He has been employed in this school one year, and received from the Company a salary of two hundred dollars (<^200) currency. I visited it on the 29th of September, and the teacher was not aware I was coming : there were no children present. Some of the parents belong to the Church of England, others to the "Wesleyan Methodists. The branches taught are spelling, reading, writ- ing, arithmetic, and grammar. The books used are the Canadian series of school-books. The teacher stated that there was much sickness from fever and ague among hia pupils. Average attendance from 10 to 15 ; total number on register, 22. The Rev. Mr. Elliot superintends this school ; he remarks, " On account of the carelessness of the parents the children do not attend very regularly." Upon reference to the plan pre- pared by the Rev. Mr. Roberts, it will be observed there is an old school-house about a mile south-east of Simons' school, in which the Rev. Mr. Elliot has service sometimes. No. 6 School is taught by Mrs. Beaver. The school-room is a very comfortable one, and provided by her husband, Jouu Beaver, without assistance from others. It is situated on the Y l,|.i;' lii 322 APPENDIX VII. [1870. 'l:f'': 14: i I' Si ! f'i in; 11' 1 > « m -t- tfflH j '^fFl f ft M ii I t- tly f " 1 1 1 ■ i i 1 ■ J . f R ]i f i^ £»B imt «^m mu east portion of the Eeserve, in the township of Oneida, nenr the boundary of Tuscarora. She is a Cayuga and attends Mr. Elliot's church. The books used by the pupils are the Canadian series of echool-books to No. 3. Branches taught : spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. There were only 5 (Scholars present ; average attendance, 15 ; total number on register, 28. This school is in the midst of pagans of the Cayuga and Onondaga tribes, who are opposed to sending their children to school, though this is not universally the case with them, as in some instances individuals who still cling to the ancient worship evince an anxiety to have their children educated. After exan^'iiing this school, I called upon the pagan chief, William Jacob, a Cayuga, who lives within half a mile of Mrs. Beaver's school, and endeavoured to persuade him to take advantage of the Company's benevolent aid, and give his family the benefit of an English education, which had now become so essential to the welfare and advancement, even of the Indian race; but he sternly refused, saying the white man induced the Indians to send their children to school, and then he sent them to the Penitentiary, pointing his finger signifi- cantly in the distance, referring to the number of Indians who had gone to the white man's school, who were afterwards con- victed of crimes, and sent to the penitentiary ; and triumphantly contrasted the case of his brother pagans, who, he said, were never sent there. He then defiantly turned to Chief Q-. M. Johnson, who was with me and acted as my interpreter, and reproached him with having to employ another man to say his prayers for him, while he (Jacob) could pray to the Great Spirit without any such assistance. This chief is a man of great personal influence among the pagans, and remarkable for his sagacity and power of express- ing hib ideas. I am informed he is the principal stumbling- block to the conversion of his brother pagans to Christianity. The irregular attendance at the schools of the Indian children, either pagans or Christians, ought not, in my opinion, to be attributed to the compulsory teaching of any particular doc- trine or catechism, but to the causes I have elsewhere re- ferred to. 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 3:23 ong the xpresa- mbling- tianity. hildren, , to be ar doc- lere rc- Notwithstanding the fact that so few children attend regu- larly at Mrs. Beaver's School, it is important it should be con- tinued, as no doubt the pagans will be gradually induced to Bend their children to it, and thus afford one of the most effectual means for their conversion to Christianity. The Rev. Mr. Elliot has the superintendence of this school. No 7 School is taught by Miss Ilyndman ; she has a second- class certificate as teacher from the Board of Education for Ontario. The school-house was built by the Baptist and other Indians of hewn logs, lathed and plastered within. Tho books used are the Canadian national series (old) of school- books, and book No 5 of the new series. The school requires maps and blackboard. There were only ten children present. Branches taught : spoiling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. This school is not in a very eflBcient state. I had an interview with the Indian trustees of the school, who complained that the school had not been examined lately, and that the teacher did not keep the school regularly ; that the people were not satisfied with her. They stated that they had made representations to the Rev. Canon Nelles, who superintends the school, of these matters, but had not heard from him since. No. 8 School is taught by Isaiah Joseph, a Tuscarora, and understands the Mohawk language ; was educated at the Mo- hawk Institution. The school-house is a frame building, lathed and plastered within ; it was built by the Indians, assisted by the Company, and is one of the best on the Reserve. The inhabitants in this district are Mohawk and Chippeways, with a few Delawares. It is situated on the Second Concession Road, at the boundary of the townships of Tuscarora and Oneida, and adjoining the north-eL,.t portion of New Credit. The teacher had just reopened the school after the vacation, and there were but 8 scholars present. The average attendance in winter is 30, and in summer 20 ; the total number on regis- ter, 43. The books used are from No. 1 to 3 of the Canadian series of school-books, authorized by the Council of Public Instruction for Ontario. There are no blackboard or maps. ir ! ]\ !!:!!: Y 2 324 APPENDIX VII. [1870. m 1(1 ■ !;-.::!l Hi. i ■■ I 1' :■■ i ; \ ' ill .1 'fi- - '■ i ■ _-i ■ i 1- k' ' , ! : The scholars read and spell very well. The teacher is paid two hundred dollars (<^200) per annum by the Company. The trustees of the school are N. Green, a Mohawk, be- longing to the English Church ; John Cayuga, a Delaware, belonging to the English Church ; and John Herkeman, a Chippeway, Methodist. They expressed in forcible terms (as do all the Indians on the Reserve) their warm thanks for the generous and continued assistance granted by the New England Company towards the support of their schools, and in supplying them with churches and missionaries. The Eev. Mr. Elliot, who has charge of this school, re- marks, "The attendance is satisfactory, and would be more 80 if the older pupils were not so often kept from school to do farm-work." I visited the "Thomas" School, formerly taught by Mrs. Roberts, with the view of obtaining the necessary information to enable me to answer the XXV. paragraph of my instruc- tions. The school is now taught by Richard Yeoward, who formerly kept school on the Reserve. There were 25 scholars present — 17 boys and 8 girls. The books in use are the new series of Canadian school-books, supplied by the Rev. Mr. Nelles. Branches taught : spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. The school had been puviously closed for six months, and the children are not i'lir advanced in their studies. The average daily attendance for the last quarter was 22, and there are 48 on the register. The school-house was built by the Indians ; it is a frame building, sheath; d \vithin with boards, planed, grooved, and tongued. The trustees are Chief Henry Clerch, Joseph Powless, and Jo^n Green ; they appear very anxious to perform their duty. There is no school now taught on the right bank of the river from the north-west boundary of the Reserve to Mrs. Powless's school, a distance of five miles. This is one of the most populous and best cultivated portions of the Reserve ; and the Indian settlers are anxious to have the Thomas School continued, as it is suffi- ciently convenient for their children to attend it, as there aro two roads from the river which converge at this point. 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 325 The school at the Indian Council House is also in a central position, and is well attended by the pupils ; the inhabitants of both districts exhibit an equal interestlin s'.ipporting their respective schools, which are ono mile and a half apart, but there is a sufficient number of children for both of them. Under these circumstances I find it rather difficult to decide which to recommend to the Company, assuming that it is requisite for financial reasons to c^ose one of them ; and I hope the means of the Company will enable it to support both. Waiting for the Company's decision, I have assured the teacher and trustees tliat his salary should be paid for the next quarter, so that the school need not be closed until the final decision of the Company is known ; and promised them to recommend that the teacher's salary for the previous quarter now due to him should also be paid. The schools generally require a better supply of school- books, maps, and blackboards ; and, if supplied by the Com- pany, the teachers should be made responsible for their safe custody and proper usage. The other schools on the Indian Eeserve are : — 1st. The school situated at the Red Line, so-called and maintained by the Wesley an Methodists, and taught by An- drew Jacobs ; he has 30 scholars on the register, and a daily average attendance of 20. The books in use are the new series of Canadian school-books. 2ndly. Two schools at New Credit, taught by S. A. Wood and Francis Wilson ; the school-houses are substantial frame buildings, well supplied with maps, blackboards, and books of the new series of Canadian school-booka ; these, with the salaries of the teachers, ^250 (dollars) each, currency, are sup- plied and paid by the Indian department out of the funds of the Chippeway tribe. The total number of scholars on the registers of these two schools is 51 boys and 32 girls. There is no school on that portion of the Indian Eeserve that lies '^'^ the north-east of the Grand Eiver. The following school-teachers, paid by the Company, are capable of conversing with tlieir pupils in their own dialects, viz. Isaac Barefoot, Alexander Smith, Mrs. Powless, Daniel 32G APPENDIX VII. [1870. ii:^ J ''( ill'!; 1 ■ m ' ^ ' :,jt m^^. ... . Simons, Mrs. Beaver, Isaiah Joseph, and James Hill. No doubt it is in some respects an advantage for the teacher to be able to explain to the children, when first sent to school, in their own language, what is being taught to them ; still, as one of the first 'tnd most essential things to be taught the Indian pupils is to speak English, and in a manner to forget their own tongue, it is by no means absolutely necessary that the teacher should possess a knowledge of the dialects of the Six Nations Indians. It would be very desirable that all the Company's teachers at the day-schools, as well as at the Mohawk Institution, should pass through a course of instruction at the admirable Normal and Model Schools at Toronto ; but any such im- perative condition attached by the Company to the employ- ment of teachers at present, would be attended with some difficulty, and should be gradually introduced ; and, with this view, it would be advisable to select one or two young men or women occasionally, and send them to those schools to fit them for the office of teachers. The teachers at the Mohawk Institution, the superin- tendent and the teachers at the day-schools, have hitherto been appointed by the Eev. Canon Nelies and the Eev. Mr. Elliot. Ist. I recommend that in future the Company's mission- aries at the Grand River be constituted a Board, of which the Rev. Canon Nelies should be the Chairman, for the pur- pose of examining and appointing all teachers employed and paid by the Company at Grand River ; and that the day- schools should be examined quarterly by the missionary having charge of the same, and report to the Company, stating therein the number of children, the books, and sub- jects in which they were examined, and the general state of the school ; that the trustees and parents of the children should be invited to be present at such examination. It is desirable that printed forms for the teachers' quarterly re- turns should be prepared, that the reports from all the day- schools might be uniform. 2ndly. That all that part of the Reserve which lies to the 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 327 to the south-west of the Fourth Coucession Bead, and north-west of the side road which passes tlie Wesley an Methodist church at New Credit, until it intersects the boundary between the other portion of the Reserve and New Credit, thence follow- ing the said boundary north-westerly and south-westerly until it intersects the grea' road bounding the Reserve on the south- west, do constitutf the Mission of Kanyoageh, and the re- mainder of the Reserve to the east and south do constitute the Tuscarora Mission. This arrangement would place the schools taught by Mrs. Powlesa, Mrs. Beaver, Daniel Simons, ami Isaiah Joseph, under the supervision of the Rev. Mr. Elliot; and the schools taught by Miss Crombie, Miss Hynd- man, Alexander Smith, and James Hill, under that of the missionary of Kanyeageh. 3rdly. That the pupils to be admitted at the Mohawk Institution should be selected from the day-schools on the Reserve in proportion to the average attendance at each school respectively, according to proficiency and good conduct, the Chairman of the Board and the Missionary in charge of the school to hold a competitive examination for that purpose. This mode of selecting the applicants for admission to the Institu- tion will prove a great incentive to the Indian parents to send their children regularly to the day-schools, and will render unnecessary so long an attendance at the Institution as five years, which is required if the pupils are not previously in- structed in the elementary branches, and thus enable a greater number of Indian children to enjoy the advantages of the In- stitution^ as a course of three years instead of five would amply suffice. There will arise exceptional cases to the above rule, which may well be left to the discretion of the Chief Missionary in charge of the Institution. 4thly. Trustees of schools should be appointed by the Pro- prietors of each school, whose duty it should bo to see that fuel is supplied the school, that the house be kept in good repair, and properly provided with desks, benches, etc. etc., to attend the quarterly examinations made by the missionary, to exert themselves to induce the children to attend school regu- larly^ and to carry out any suggestions of the Superintendent. i " lit;; i ■i^' ■■• .'! 328 APPKNDIX Vl\. [1870. T believe the Indians would value more highly the privileges of education and religioua instruction which the Company so liberally bestow on them, if they were called on to contribute more of their own funds to these essential objects. The average daily attendance at the Company's day-schools for the past year was about 181 boys and girls ; the total numbers on registers, 385. The Wesleyan Methodists support two missionaries on the Grand River Iteserve, one at New Credit • thnt portion as- signed to the Ojibbeway, or Chippeway, ad the tribe is gene- rally called, consisting of GOOO acres, who principally belong to that Church, and the other on the north-east part of the Six Nations Eeservo. I had an interview with the llev. Mr. Lawson, who resides at the latter mission ; he confirmed the previous information I had received from other sources as to the friendly terms which existed between himself and the Company's mission- aries, whom he hi<,'hly esteems. He stated that the assistance which the New England Company had afforded to the Six Nations Indians, and the manner in which it had been applied, had accomplished much in civilizing and converting them to Christianity ; that he observed a marked improvement in their morals, system of cultivation, and manner of living. I called on the Eev. Mr. Wolsey, the other Wesleyan mis- sionary at New Credit, and he confirmed the statement made by the Eev. Mr. Lawson. Both these reverend gentlemen are admirably adapted to the good work they have undertaken, and their zealous labours are being rewarded by the visible improvement in civilization and increased knowledge of the holy precepts of Christian religion evinced by the Indians who attend their religious teachings. It affords me the deepest satisfaction to have it in my power to report the friendly terms which exist between these reverend gentlemen and the Company's missionaries at the Grand Eiver ; actuated by a truly Christian spirit, the rela- tions between them are entirely free from bigotry and un- seemly interference with each other's duties ; and, indeed, there is an ample field for all. . mm tJiis-M 1S70,] APPENDIX VII. 329 Mohawk Institution la a Bubstantial brick building, well adapted for the purposes to which it ia applied. It stands on the ten-acre lot granted to the New England Company, and ia surrounded by the Manual Labour Lot, in poaaesaion of the Company in trust under a licence of occupation from the Government. It is capable of accommodating ninety boarders, the superintendent and his wife. It is propoaed to build a school-room attached to the main institution, sufficiently large to accommodate the boys on the first flat, and the girls to occupy the upper storey. This addition, if sanctioned by the Company, will afford room for one hundred pupils, as the present school-rooms can be appro})riated for sleeping apartments; this arrangement will also relieve the present over-crowded dormitories. The esti- mate of the probable cost of this addition, Mr. Nelles informed me, is being prepared ; I think it will not exceed one hundred and seventy.five pounds sterling (£175). It ia well worthy the favourable consideration of the Company. Every part of the Institution is kept in good order, and the pupils are neatly and comfortably clotlied. The branches taught are spelling, reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography, composition, and in a few instances, drawing. The girls are taught, in addition to these studies, to sew, knit, wash, and do other housework. The Institution is well supplied with the Canadian series of school-books (old and new), Lovell's ' General Geography,' with maps and illustra- tions, blackboards, maps, and Sangster's * Elementary Arith- metic,' designed for the use of Canadian schools. Isaac Barefoot, a Mohawk, who was educated at the Insti- tution, and afterwards passed through a course of instruction at the Normal School, Toronto, is the teacher and catechist of the girls' department. He is a very methodical and intelligent instructor. There were (30) thirty girls present, and some of the specimens of composition were very creditable. After I had examined the classes, we went into the small reception- room, which is furnished with a harmonium, and the girls sang a hymn with much skill. !i m I'j; 330 APPENDIX VII. [1870. ;'l '■U l'.■■ 1 !': ' iiH^' I r; s ■ " I '. I I then examined the boys' department, which is taught by Thomas Griffith, who has been in the Company's employment nearly nineteen years, having previously taught a day-school on the Reserve, a most estimable man. The first classes passed a good examination in reading, spelling, arithmetic, and gram- mar. Mr. Griffith stated that some of his best scholars had not returned since the vacation. There were forty ( f-0) boys present, some of them rather too young to be admitted at the Institution, requiring to bo taught the very first rudiments, thus occupying the time of the teacher which could bo more profitably devoted to his other pupils. This objection applies to the girls' department, though not to the same extent, and will be removed if the suggestion I have previously made, of selecting from the day-schools, be adopted. There are on the registers forty-four (44) boys, and forty- eight (48) girls. Mr. Griffith in his return makes the following interesting remarks, viz. : — " It is no uncommon question for visitors to ask me if " Indian children have equal capabilities for receiving instruc- " tion as white children, and from a long experience I can only " answer in the aflBrmative. The Indian language is the only *' hindrance to their improvement in English literature. When " both whites and Indians are taught together at the same " school, the white children seldom have much to boast of in " advance of the Indian, and very often the Indians are *' superior. " We have sent some of our boys to Brantford Common " and Grammar Schools, from time to time, and every one of " them was a credit to this Institution. Those who are at the " Hellrauth College, London, at present, are remarkable for " good behaviour and proficiency in their studies. ** It is true they are slow in getting along at first, but we •' should not expect too much of the children of the forest, " who have everything to learn and a great many bad habits to " get rid of. " If they can only master the English language, all else that " is learned by people generally comes very easy to them. lt>70.] APPENDIX VII. 831 " There are many of them at present wuU taught, and it ia " reasonable to hope that the day is not far distant when they " will be nble to dispense altogether with the white man's " help." The following is a list of the number of boys ond girls iidmitted, and of those who left the Institution, for the last leu years. ' Year. B0J8 Admitted. Oirls Admitted. Total Admitted. Total left. 18G1 20 10 30 15 18U2 12 4 10 10 1863 14 9 23 29 1861 11 17 10 1805 13 12 25 19 1860 11 12 23 U 1867 7 5 12 15 1868 26 17 43 SO 1869 10 9 19 17 1870 11 17 135 90 225 168 I: jlse that im. Mr. GriflBth performs the duty of catechist to the pupils of the Institution ; on Sundays reads the Church Service, and gives them religious instruction. As to the number of young Indians receiving assistance from the Company to enable them to complete their educi:tion, I have received the following information from the Bev. Canon Nelles, viz. : — " The Indian children, so far as I know, who are assisted '* by the New England Company in obtaining a superior edu- " cation are Albert Anthony, at Huron College ; Beverley " Johnson and Nelles Monture, at Hellmuth College ; Char- " lotte Johnson, Su?annah Carpenter, and Jemima Maracle, at " the Ladies' Hellmuth College ; and George Hill, at a medi- '* cal college at or near Belleville. I am not able to state the "amount paid for each, as the payments are made, I believe, " directly to the colleges." !i 332 APPENDIX VII. [1870. IS! W Mr. and Mrs. Nelles devote much of their time in super- intending and watching over the interests of the Institution, and are both of them loved and respected by all the scholars, whose welfare and comfort are looked after by Mrs. Nelles as if they were members of her own family. She frr^uently has the girls at the parsonage, and to her example and teaching are mainly to be attributed the gentle and correct demeanour of the girls. I have only to add my testimony to that of others as to the excellent management of this Institution, and to the great benefit it has conferred on the Indian race. The cost of keeping up the Institution for a year, including salaries, except that of the Eev. Canon Nelles, is about ^5750 (dollars), or ^G4i, about thirteen pounds sterling (£13), for each scholar ; this includes boarding, clothing, aB well as all other expenses, but does not show the product of the Manual Labour Farm used in the Institution. I have suggested to Mr. Nelles that he had better in future keep a farm account, showing the quantity of produce raised and how disposed of. Manual Laboub Fabm Consists of the 200-acre lot previously referred to, the Babcock lot, 33 acres, and about 20 acres of that portion of the " Mohawk Mission" Glebe which lies south-west of the " Grand Eiver" Navigation Company's Canal, and is farmed by the Superintendent Bouslaugh. Most of the land is under very good cultivation; a portion of the Mai, "i Labour lot is flooded by the spring freshets of the " Grand iiiver," which have carried a quantity of debris of sand and gravel over it, and injured it for tillage purposes, but it is used for pasturage. Mr. Bouslaugh takes a certain number of the boys at the Institution to work on the farm in turn for a week or less at a time, as the exigency of the work may require ; teaching them to plough, BOW, make hay, and other occupations of the farm. The boys have also a certain number of horses, cows, etc., to take care of when taey are kept in the barn. This arrange- 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 333 Hient is 80 managed as not to interfere much with their studies while it is calculrted to give them a fair knowledge of agricul- tural operations, and instil habits of industry. There are several good barns and sheds on the farm, which are well filled with wheat, oats, and peas. Tlie products of the farm not consumed in the Institution are sold, and the pro- ceeds credited to the fund appropriated to its maintenance. There is an old building on the Babcock lot which is rented. The old institute buildings near the Mohawk church have become dilapidated and entirely valueless, and should be pulled down, to prevent any vagrant person getting into them, which might lead to some trouble and expense to eject them. The young Indians were formerly taught trades in these buildings, but this branch of instruction has for some time been aban- doned ; the result not seeming to justify the expense. The resident Indians on the Beserve did not employ the mechanics thus taught, and the few who followed their trade were em- ployed as journeymen by the whites in the town of Brantford. Lands. The property belonging to the New England Company at Grand River may be thus classified : — Mohawk Parsouage Lot, granted in 1845 . . Mohawk Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . Babcock Lot, No. 2, purchased in 18G4, Deed . Site of Institution Buildings, granted in 183G . Site of old Institute Buildings, granted in 183G Manual Labour Farm Lot, No. 5, exclusive of the-v two sites of Institution Buildings, under C 189.32 Governor's Licence, 1859 . . J acres. 220.00 50.00 33.00 10.00 .68 acres. Oneida Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . 9G Oneida Mission School Lot, granted in 1836 . 2.5 Oneida Mission Dwelling-house Lot, granted in 1836 1.5 100.00 i: :■/• Carried forward 603.00 !i 334 APPENDIX VII. [1870. 1' , ■ i ic I t -if' "" a. r. p. Brought forward G03.00 1. Tuscarora Mission Lot, granted in 1843 17 2 ^ 2. Tuscarora Parsonage Lot, granted in i 1843 36 2 ) 55.19 3. Tuscarora Churchyard Lot, granted in 1843 1 30 , Onondaga Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . . 100.00 Delaware Mission School Lot, granted in 183G . . 100.00 Kanyeageh Mission Church Lot, granted .... 5.00 Kanyeageh Parsonage Lot, surrendered by Chiefs of ) ^ ^q Six Nations to Company, and grant to issue. . 3 Total acres 871.19 The acre of land and building referred to in my instructions, sections lOG to 110, were not purchased by Mr. Nelles for the Company, and are not now required. The Oneida School Lot of 100 acres is leased to one Mordue and another person for sixty dollar. ''J^GO) per annum. The Delaware School Lot of 100 i^ores, situate on the north- east bank of the Grand Eiver, 28 miles from Brantford, is leased to D. M'Lung for eighty dollars (^80) per annum. The Onondaga School Lot of 100 acres, on the same bank of the river, about eighteen (18) miles from Brantford, is leased to John S. Kingston for sixty dollars (^60) per annum. This is a valuable lot of land ; and deeming the rent ought to be increased at the termination of the lease (in three years), I have given the tenant notice* that the Company will expect more rent if he should wish to renew his lease. He has pre- served the wood of ti.e part not under cultivation, is a good tenant, and entitled to the refusal when let again. A small portion of this lot, about 2h acres, was cleared and taken possession of by the adjoining proprietor, Joseph Fink. I have given his widow formal noticef on behalf of the Com- pany to yield up possession of this piece of land to the Rev. Canon Nelles. I was informed by Kingston that the tres- passer Fink paid rent to his sub-tenant about seven years ago. * See Notice, post, j 351. t See Notice, ^o*<, p. 350. \ 'I 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 335 With this exception, there is no disputed boundary, or unauthorized occupation of any of the Company'is lands, either by the whites or Indians. The rents of the above-mentioned lots are collected by the Eev. Mr. Nelles, and credited to the Company in his accounts. 8.00 )d and Fink. Com- Eev. tres- 8 ago. lO. TSTTEBPBETBIIS, CaTECHISTB. Two interpreters are required on the Eeserve, one for the Kanyeageh Church and the other for the Tuscarora Mission. The school teacher at the Delaware Settlement has always acted as interpreter there without additional pay. The Eev. Canon Nelles employs Joseph Carpenter as his interpreter, while holding service at Kanyeageh ; he speaks highly of his ability, services, and character. The Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Mr. Gilkison, says he is an inoffensive man, of irre- proachable character, and a good interpreter. Tlie Eev. Mr. Elliot now employs Isaac Hill, an Onondaga, as interpreter and catechist. John Obadiah, a Tuscarora chief, is also one of his catechists. The names of his assistants are John Anderson (a Tusca- rora, who was educated at the Mohawk Institution), and Chief David Carpenter, of the Mohawk nation. Chief Q-. M. Johnson is no longer the paid interpreter of the Company ; he sometimes interprets gratuitously for the Eev. Mr. Elliot, when he holds service on the Eeserve. The interpreters are required to go with the missionary whenever he requires their services, in addition to interpreting on Sundays. They are appointed by the missionar - requiring their services. A detailed statement should be made by each missionary of all services performed, moneys paid on account of the Com- pany, stating t'lie nature of the service and names of tlie parties employed, either as assistant or catechist or otherwise, and an Annual Eeport be made for the information of the Company, and for all payment of moneys vouchers should be taken and filed with the chief missionary. t'li ji.: 336 APPENDIX VII. [1870. \- i .; ^rr- Six Nations Indians Reserve, at Q-eand River, is bounded as follows, commencing on the right bank of the Grand River, five miles south of the town of Brantford, thenco running a nearly south-westerly course l^ miles, thence at right angles, in a south-easterly course 10 j miles, thence at right angles north-easterly 8 miles, until it intersects the river ; thence following the course of tlie river north-westerly to the place of beginning, containing about 45,000 acres ; in addition to this there are about 1300 acres on the north-east of the river, south of the village of Onondaga, left of the original Indian Reserve. The whole tract is a remarkably fertile one, scarcely an acre to be found which, with proper culture and drainage, miglit not be made productive. The land was formerly covered with a magnificent growth of valuable oak, pine, maple, and other woods, which have now nearly all been cut down and carried off by the lumberman. Six thousand acres of the southern portion of this Reserve was assigned by the Six Nations to the Chippeway tribe, or Ojibbevvays. There are no white squatters on any portion of the Reserve ; the law prohibits any encroachment of this kind, and it has been strictly enforced by the officers of the Indian Depart- ment. But there is another practice, wliich, if permitted to be continued, will as effectually dispossess the ludian as if the white man was allowed to purchase the laud ; and that is the defect in the existing law which enables the Indian occupier of a lot to sell the wood on it to the whites, who buy it in most cases far below its real value, and carry it off" with im- punity. Nearly every portion of the Reserve is being tiius rapidly stripped of its valuable wood, and in a very short time many of the Indians will be left without any. This is an indirect but most effectual way of driving the improvident Indian from hia possession, for without the means of procuring fuel in a climate like that of Canada, he will become a helpless creature. I addressed a letter* to the If on. Joseph Howe, General * See this letter, post, p. 349. [1870. 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 337 kneral Superintendent of the Indian Department, on this subject. I afterwards had au interview with him at Toronto, and he ex- pressed his willingness to co-operate with the New England Company in any way in his powder to further their benevolent objects. The interesting problem of preserving and civilizing the aborigines of America, surrounded by the energetic, pushing white man, is being worked out on the Six Nations Indian Reserve under the moat favourable circumstances of climate, of fertile lands especially reserved, yielding abundant crops of all the necessaries of life, of a good market in its immediate vicinity, of railway communication, of the example of a good system of cultivation on the adjoining farms, with the paternal care and protection of a Government whose hand is strength- ened by the most stringent laws, and aided by the liberal and benevolent contributions of the New England Company. The experiment, although not so successful as the more sanguine philanthropists had hoped, has still been very satis- factory, and has resulted in a great advancement in the tem- poral and moral condition of the Indian race, which forms a striking contrast to the policy adopted by the neighbouring republic towards that intoresting people. The time is ap- proaching when the Government can with perfect safety en- franchise the occupiers of the Grand River Reserve by giving the most industrious and intelligent of them a full title to their lots, for there are many men among them who, if now left to themselves, would hand down their possessions to their posterity. About one-fifth of the whole of the Reserve is now under cultivation. This doet not include portions of it which have been cropped and since abandoned. Many of the Indian settlers have comfortable frame houses with several rooms, and cultivate their farms w ith success ; raise horses, neat stock, sheep, and pigs, and seem to live very comfortably. The principal crops raised are wheat, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat, peas, hay, and potatoes. A majority of them, however, live in small loghouses, some with only one room, and cultivate their land without auy system, depending mainly for the support of themselves and families on patches Ui I h f I 3138 APPENDIX VII. [1870. of Indian corn, which grows luxuriantly on every portion of the Keserve. The Indians have begun to use labour-saving implements of husbandry ; and there are now owned by them a dozen reaping- and mowing-machiues, a number of threshing-machines, and hay rakes worked by horses. The town of Brantford has now become an excellent market for the surplus produce of the Indians on the Eeserve. It has a population of eight thousand (8000), many beau- tiful churches, substantial and capacious brick stores, hand- some private residences, both in the city and suburbs, flour mills, foundries, machine shops, etc. etc., and the m« chants are enterprising and prosperous. The city is beautifully situated in the valley of the Grand River, and rapidly increasing. It is surrounded by a most fertile country, producing all the necessaries of life and many of its luxuries, every variety of fruit in great abundance, and possessing a climate in which many varieties of grapes ripen in the open air. The " Buffalo and Lake Huron Eailroad " passes through the town, and steps are being taken to con- struct a direct railway to Hamilton. I was informed by Senator Blake and other gentlemen in Brantford and its vicinity that the Six Nations Indians were much improved in their circumstances, and that their manners and habits are greatly reformed, also that they have become much more sober and industrious. I found many intelligent, respectable people among them. I was present with the Eev. Canon Nelles and Eev. Mr. Ro- berts at a " Temperance Picnic," held at the school-house, where Isaac Barefoot formerly taught. A number of chiefs, warriors, Indian men, women, and children, to the number of some two hundred (200) attended. All were well and comfortably dressed. The tables were abundantly provided with excellent bread and butter, corn- cake, pies and tarts of various kinds, a great variety of sweet cake, preserves, honey, tea, etc. etc., all prepared and supplied by the Indian women. After the repast, temperance speeches were made, and all passed off most decorously and pleasantly. [1870. irtiou of lementa a dozen lachines, ; market ny beau- SB, liand- pbs, flour u chants e Grand r a most md many ance, and pes ripen lailroad " 1 to con- emen in ians were manners become ng them. Mr. Eo- )ol-hou8e, nen, and attended. )les were er, corn- of sweet supplied !, and all 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 339 From the influence of these societies and other causes, there is now very little intemperance among the Indians. After a sojourn of more than two weeks, I saw but one instance of in- toxication, and that was not on the Reserve. BOADS. The roads on the Reserve are not good, and require a large expenditure. The concession roads are better than the side roads ; but some of the former are not opened entirely through. Last summer the Council of Chiefs sanctioned the appropria- tion of six hundred dollars (45^000) by the Indian Department out of the interest money due the " Six Nations Indians." Statute labour is annually performed by the Indians, under the directions of the "Visiting Superintendent," but is not sufficient to complete the roads required ; and it would be greatly to the advantage of the settlers if a larger amount of the " Indian Fund " were annually appropriated to that object. If the road-ditches were completp'^' ^*: would assist ma- terially in the surface drainage (»nt , required) of the Re- serve. Any thorough system of dniinage will be very costly ; and I do not think it would be a judicious application of the Trust Funds of the New England Company to grant money either for this object or in making the roads. These expenditures come more legitima*"--^ ' under ih(! superintendence of the In- dian Department ; ^. jecially as the title to the land is still in the Dominion Government. Mr. Gilkison has not yet com()k'ted his report on the Tus- carora Reserve ; and is uncertain when it will be ready to be laid before the Secretary of State. The Six Nations Agricul- tural Society held their "Third Annual Exhibition" on the 11th and 12th October ; and distributed ^168.75 (dollars) in prizes. This society is doing much to encourage a better system of agriculture. Another aj^ricultural society was being formed at New Credit when I was on the Reserve, and the Indians who were moving in the matter applied to me for z 2 H ii 4i. ;1 i is m- 340 APPENDIX VII. [1870. Vi it; II : ll U.'^ ■ i Census of The Six Nations Indians. Distribu- tion Mo- neys, 1869 and 1870, information, in the expectation that they would receive assist- ance from the Company. I would recommend that any grants of money made by the New England Company to encourage these societies should be made in proportion to the amounts subscribed and paid by the members thereof. It is very desirable that these societies should be encou- raged, as the Indians on the Reserve mainly depend on agri- culture for their maintenance. , Number op Indians. Mr. Gilkison kindly fur ilshed me with the following " Cen- sus " and distribution of " Interest Money " among the Six Nations Indians, viz. : — (Copt.) "Indian Office, Bbantfoed, " 1st October, 1870. " Dear Sir, — In reply to your note of yesterday's date, I beg to state the population of the Six Nations Indians at Census, last fall, 2867 ; the births were 131, deaths 70, natural increase 61. The natural increase during the past seven years is 268, ranging from 30 to 69 per annum. Moneys distributed B should d paid by le encou- on agri- 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 841 ng " Cen- ; the Six DEC, ler, 1870. ite, I beg .t Census, 1 increase ,rs is 268, ad. it, or the ppeways, ear 1869 215. st money f the Six currency It. selected educated, England Company, that the interest money the father is entitled to receive for such child should be applied towards those objects, — such a condition might be attached to the pupil's admission to the Institution ; and I have no doubt the Indian Department would, if applied to, sanction such a laudable application of the interest money, and lend its aid to enforce it. There are a few white people on the " Tuscarora Keservo" who have married Indian women, and are farming their wives* lots. And there are about twelve white men on the " New Credit" portion of the Reserve who are working farms upon shares for the Indians ; the terms of such an arrangement are, generally, — one-third of the produce is given to the Indian for the land, one-third for the seed to the party who supplies it, and one-third to the white man for his labour. I am not aware that any evil has as yet arisen from this arrangement ; and, to judge from the cultivation of the farms at " New Credit," and the improved class of buildings upon them, I should say the system has given a good example to the Indians as to a better mode of farming, which many of them have taken advantage of. It is computed there are still 500 Pagans on the Reserve, principally Cayugas. The explanation of the fact that many of the children at the Institution are of mixed blood seems to me that, previous to the removal of the Iroquois nation from the valley of the Mohasvk River, state of New York, a commingling of the Indian and white races begun to take place ; and after the Six Nations came to reside at Grand River, many of the members of the families of the leading chiefs intermarried with white people. Add to these circumstances the fact that a number of ille- gitimate children are from time to time being born to white fathers, will readily explain why so comparatively few full- blooded Indian children are to be met with among the Six Nations. I; 1 r V: U: ! I 342 APPENDIX VII. Pagan Wobship. [1870. It struck me as a very singular ppectacle to find 600 Pagans surrounded by Christian churches and schools, and some thousands of their fellow Indians who are Christians, and many of them in daily communication with the whites. They adhere, however, with great tenacity to their ancient worship and ceremonies. The Iroquois never were idolaters in the strict sense of the term, as they always addressed their prayers to the " Great Spirit." The Cayugas have a Long House, aa it is called, on their part of the Reserve, in which they cele- brate their religious rites. They sacrifice every year, in the month of February, a tchite dog, which they bedeck with ribbons and strangle ; hang it up for three days, then burn it, dancing round the fire singing a mouotonous chant, keeping time by beating on a description of tom-tom, made of a tortoise-shell. If they cannot get a perfectly white dog, they use tobacco as a substitute. They always meer, at their Long House when their crops are harvested, and celebrate the occasion by danc- ing, singing, etc., and with certain symbolic ceremonies. 13 ^ ■ 1, K Indian Council. I attended an Indian Council of the Chiefs, at the Council House, a large new frame building situate nearly in the centre of the Eeserve. This Council had been summoned by Mr. Superintendent Gilkidon, principally to meet the Company's Commissioner, whose arrival at the Eeserve had been long expected. The day was very rainy, which prevented some of the old men from attending, Some 35 chiefs and 30 warriors were present. The Council was opened in the most formal manner by an Onondaga Chief, a Pagan, the hereditary Fire- keeper of the Council. His speech was interpreted by Chief G. M. Johnson, the Government interpreter. He offered up praise to the " Great Spirit " for the blessings of peace and plenty which both the Indian and "i^Site man enjoyed ; con- gratulated the Chiefs on being pre^. % on this occasion, and [1870. 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 343 after a fow more general observntiona declared the Council open for business. One of the old Chiefs then proposed they should do what the Indians always did to their brothers in Council, viz., shake hands with the Commissioner, which was accordingly done with great ceremony, after which several Chiefs made speeches : said, it gave them great pleasure to meet the Company's Com- missioner, that they wished him to express their thanks to the Company for the assistance and encouragement they had always afforded to the Six Nations, etc. etc., after which they called upon the Coiiimisaioner to express his views, who then stated the objects the Company had in view, the great interest its members took in the wt-lfare of the Six Nations ; that they had no desire to interfere with their political affairs, but they would be well pleased to see the Indians manage their local affairs to the best advantage ; that the Company expected the Indians to co-operate with them in their efforts to advance the religious and temporal welfare of the race. The Commissioner referred eappcially to the disastrous con- sequences which would result to the Six Nations if they per- sisted in selling their wood to the whites, as many of them were doing, etc. etc. The Chiefs expressed their approval of the Commissioner's words, and the Council separated. Lay Agent. • I did not meet Mr. Blakiaton at " Grand River," und have not had an opportunity of consulting with him as to the necessity of appointing a " Lay Agent" for all the Company's Missions in Canada ; I will therefore express my own opinion on the subject. It is quite clear such an Agent is not required for the protection of the Indians from the encroachments and oppression of the Colonists, as visiting local Superintendents are appointed by the Department of Indian Affairs to guard and protect their interests, and the existing laws confer great powers on the Governor-General and Privy Council for this purpose especially. With respect to the Six Nations Indians, I can bear testimony that they are particularly fortunate in IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 /- r/, fc ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 |3 "■^" 25 1^ E«.i - lis lllllio 1.4 1.8 1.6 V] <^ /a /j ,^ e-l ""m oyl o 7 /A I ail APPENDIX VII. [1870. having appointed to that office so intelligent and vigilant an officer as Mr. Gilkison. Nor do 1 think a Lay Agent is required with reference to the accounts connected with the Company's operations in Canada, as the expenditure is princi- pally for the payment of salaries, and consequently not intri- cate, and the Company's Missionaries at the respective Missions cati perform nil that is requisite, viz., draw upon the treasurer of the Company for the amount required for each Mission, pay the salaries or grants for other purposes sanc- tioned by the Company, take vouchers and file them with the accounts, so that they can be referred to and cx;imined at any time. When there are more than one ^Missionary at any Mis- sion, the chief Missionary should perform this duty. The appointment of a Lay Agent would be attended with consider- able expense, as the Company's operations in Canada extend to great distances apart, and the money required to secure the services of a responsible person might be more advantageously expended for other purposes. I examined the Ktv. Canon Nelles' accounts and vouchers with the Company, and made certain suggestions as to the mauTu^r of keeping them in future, which he expressed his willingness to do. His accounts are correct. I forward the report of the Secretary of State for the year ISOn, showing the expenditure on account of the various Indian tribes, and the state of the funds of each, and giving full iuformation on these points. 1/ [ !| Visitation of Indians. On this subject I received the following statements from the Missionaries : — The Eev. Canon Nellea states — " When I have not had an "assistant, it has been my invariable rule, besides Sunday, to " spend two days (Tuesday aud Friday) every week in visiting " India!> families on the Eeserve." The Eev. Mr. Elliot writes — "I am in constant communt- " cation with the Indians here, visit them very I'requently at (1. [1870. 1870.] APPENDIX VII. 315 ] giving " tlioir dwellings, and often travel ten or twelve miles for that "purpose." The Rev. Mr. Roberts states — " My rule was to visit four "days each week, two days in company with the Interpreter, " and two days alone. I have always kept a book in which to "note down visits made, and remarks, if any." I have now to refer to tlie accompanying petitions and applications, which were handed me for the consideration of the Company. No. 1 is an application from Mr. Grif^th, the teacher and catechist of the boys' department at the Iv^ohawk Institution, with the Rev. Canon Nelles' recommendation thereon, praying for an increase to his salary, or that a small annuity may be granted to him, and he be allowed to retire. Mr. Griffith is still competent to perform the duties he has hitherto done; and, under the circumstances of his case, I recommend for the present that his salary be increased to sixty-five pounds (£(55) sterling per annum, instead of £50, which 1 believe he now receives;. No. 2. Application of the Rev. John Jacobs, of Kettle Point Mission, for an addition to his salary. The liev. Mr. Nelles informs me that Mr. Jacobs is the Assistant to the Rev. E. F. AVilson, of Sarnia. Both are paid by the Church Missionary Society of England. He receives four hundred dollars (<^400) from tiiat Society, and one hundred dollars (SlOO) from the Diocesan Church Society of Ontario. He was stationed at Kettle Point, which is about twenty- five miles from Sarnia, on Lake Huron, but has lately beeu removed to the Sarnia Settlement, where Mr. Nelles believes there are between three and four hundred Indians, divided between the Church of England and the Methodists. Jacobs is an Ojibbeway Indian, was educated at Huron College, partly at the expense of the New England Company. As Mr. Jacobs now receives a salary from the two societies referred to, I am not inclined to recommend the Company to interfere in his case. If his salary is not sufficient for the services ' performed an application to these societies would doubtless bo favourably viewed. Il \l 340 APPKNDIX VII, [1870. No. 3. Application of Mr. John Jacobs, solicitinp; aid from tlio Company to ( iiahio his sister to compU'to her education. No. 4. Application of Kev. JNlr. Klliot on behalf of Miss Charlotte Sinitli, for aid to assist her in paying her expenses at the Ladies' College at Ih-Umutli. AV^ith regard to the two last applications, Nos. '^ and 4, and the system adopted by the Company of contributing to the 8U[)erior education of young Indians at colleges, I have to reconnnend, if the Company deiide to conlinue to nfTord aid for this object outside its own Institution, that it would bo productive of greater results, and be attended with much less dillicult',-, if the (-ompany would i.'stabli.^li, say live Scholarships of Fifty Pounds sterling each, to continue for a period of two years; the appointment to such Scholarship to depend on pro- ficiency and good conduct, after a competitive examination among the applicants, in case of a vacancy. The college to which such Scholarships should apply, to bo selected after further iiKjuiry as to which would bo the beat adapted to the wants of the Indian youth. It is probable that some of the colleges, if application were made to the governors or controlling body, might be induced to admit Indian students at a reduced charge, where thus selected and sent by the New England Company. I, liowever, fully concur in the opinion expressed by the Connnittee of Indian AlVairs, "that their own schools and " Institution ought to be rendered so efficient that no recourse " to these colleges should be necessary, unless as a reward for " very conspicuous ability and go ^ conduct," 1 would reconnnend that a Su^ rior teacher or professor bo employed in addition to the present teachers at the Mohawk Institution, to take charge of the most advanced pupils, and, if the means of the Company required it, that a portion of its funds, now contributed to Indian children sent to the colleges, should be applied to pay the salary of such professor. ] am satisfied that by this arrangement a sufiiciently good education VNOuld be imparted to the Indian youth for all ordinary pur- poses of life, and enable such of them as were desirous of becoming teachers to enter the Normal and ]Model Schools at Torojito. ,1 ;. [1870. 1870.] AFPENDIX Vn 347 aid from ^iitioii. of Misa punaea at 1(1 4, ami g to tlio have to iflbrd aid would bo iiucli leas lolarships 3(1 of two d oil pro- iii)iiiati application of the Committee of the Tuscarora Baptist Cliurcl), near the Indian Council House, and had an interview \\ith some of the Indians belonging to that church. The building in which service is performed by l\Ir. Jose[)h Loiiiijlish, whose congregation consists of about 9i.\ty Indians, re(]nires rejiairs, and a small grant will be of great service to them. But, as the Company pay the teacher of the day-school in the immediate vicinity, and have made a grant towards the new schocd-house, which is open to the children of all denominations, I do not think the Company should be called on to su[)port the Sunday-school. No. G. A])plicalion of James Jameson for aid towards a school near Tuscarora Church. I cannot recommend this application to the favourable con- sideration of the Company. Mrs. Powless's school, which is maintained by the Company, is on the opposite bank of the river, and on all ordinary occasions accessible to the children of Tuscarora, who must be i'cw in number, as there are oulv six Indian families now residing on the east bank of the Grand lliver. CONCLUSIOX. In referring to the unfortunate' dillcrenccs which exist be- tween the parties employed by the Company to carry oui its benevolent objects — in civilizing and convcil'ng to Christiajiily Wm m i' n 318 APFKNOIX VII. [1870. the Six Nations Indians at Grand River — and to the conflict of opinion which has arisen between the recipients of its liberal grants, I am ha[)|)ily relieved from the disagreeable necessity of entering into minute details of those untoward circum- stances, as the Company has re([uested me to proceed to Engliind, in order to explain more fully than can well be done in a formal report the state of its aftairs in that distant quarter. I may briefly state that, after a patient and, I trust, un- biassed iiKjuiry into the various subjects submitted for my consideration, I have arrived at the conclusion that it is expe- dient for the Company to make a change in its arrangeinenta at Grand River. The Rev. Mr. Roberts is a zealous, iutelligeut, and laborious missionary, and takes a deep interest in the spiritual and tem- poral welfare of the Indians. He has devoted much time and attention to the improvement of the day-schools on the Reserve, and has made many valuable suggestions regarding them, some of which I have adopted in this Report. It is therefore to be regretted that there should exist such a decided opposition, among a large number of the congregration belonging to the Kanyeageh Mission, to his being a])pointed the INIissionary. It is true he has many warm supporters, who are desirous tliat he should continue to be tlieir pastor, and who as^jcrt that many will leave the church should another be appointed. On the other hand, those who oppose his a})pointment are equally earnest in their objection to him. In fact, the division in the congregation has assumed such a partisan character that it must efi'ectually destroy his usefulness ; and the con- test has become so personal, I consider it would be desirable for Mr. Roberts' owu peace and comfort that he should ex- change missions with some other of the Company's mis- sionaries. At all events, I am decidedly of opinion that the benevolent intentions of the Company will be frustrated unless some such change is adopted, and in no other way can the existing diffi- culties be reconciled. ^ regret to add that many of the chiefs ou the reserve still manifest a strong feeling against Mr. I [1870. e conflict its liberal necessity I circuni- 'oceed to I well be [it distant ;rust, un- 1 for my t is expe- ngemcnta laborious and tein- tiine and ) Eeserve, lein, some fore to be pposition, ng to the [issionary. lirous tliat siiert that ted. tineut are le division character [ the con- desirable should ex- .ny's mia- aenevolent some such jting difli- the chiefs raiust Mr. 1870.] APPKNDIX VII. 349 Eoberts, in consequence of certain oxpreasiona made by him, and printed in the Company's Report for 18(iS. The chiefs also imagined that ISFr. Roberts was instrumental in obtaining the passage of Mr. Langevin's Act relating to the Indians, to the provisions of which thry are very much opposed. These misrepresentations are most unjust and unfair to Mr. Eoberts; still they have left a deep inipresaion on the minds of the chiefs, notwithstanding frequent explanationn. The plans of the Company's laiuls in the vicinity of Brant- ford, sent to me by Mr. Heywood, were so imperfect, I deemed it desirable to employ I\Ir. Eobinson, the provincial land sur- veyor, to make the requisite j-iirvey and prepare a correct plan of all the lots as far as the Oneida Mission School iut, for the use of the Company. I have coloured with red ink, on the Rev. Mr. Roberts' map of the Indian Reserve sent to me, the position and quantities of the lots belonging to the Company; defined the proposed boundary between the missions of Tuscarora and Kanyeageh, and marked the limits of New Credit. I have now to bring my repoi-t to a close, in the hope, im- perfect as it is, that it may aid the New England Company in carrying out the benevolent trusts f)laced iu its hands. A. E. BoTSfoni), Commissioner. October 27th, 1870. Letter from Mr. T'ommissioner Botsford to the Hon. JosErii Howe. Bbantfoed, Ontario, Septemfjer 30th, 1870. Dear Sir, — For the last ten days I have been making in- quiries on behalf of tlie New England Company, London, as to their expenditure for the benefit of the Six Nations Indians on the Tuscarora Reserve, near Brantford, and have had a good opportunity of observing the state of the roads through that reserve. I believe it would be greatly to the interests of the Indians who reside there that a portion of the interest money ;m a 350 AI'I'ENDIX VII. [1870. of tlio Iiidiiin fund should be appniprinted to iniproviiij? tlicso roads, and vi'iituro to dUggcHt to you tlioexpediuiicy of" obtain- ing an ordor to iiutborizo an expenditure for tlmt ))urpose. I have bf'en forcibly inipresatd with the rapid destruction of the wood which is constantly taking place on the reserve in con- sequence of the Indians being permitted to sell the wood on their occupations to the whites for a few cents per cord, which in a short time would be worth as many shillings. If it be the policy of iht; Dominion Government to retain the Indians on these land.-*, it seenis to me absolutely necessary that the Department for Indian Affairs should prohibit tho Indians froni selling any wood to white people from their occupations, and in order to carry out such a regulation the ofllcers of the department should be armed with authority to seize and sell any wood that may bo cut on the reserve in violation of sucli order. It may be that llu! Act relating to Indian lands may recjuire anienilmeut for thai purpose. It is quite certain that if the sjxdiation which is now going on is permitted to continue, the majority of the Indians will soon be w ithout fire-wood and timber for their buildings, and conse- quently be forced to leave the reserve. 1 have been in communication with your efficient visiting sujx'ri'itendent and commissioner, J. T. (jrilkisiou, Eyq., and ho fully concurs with me in these views. Notice to Tenant. Miis. Joseph Fink, Town.slilp of Glaiidfunl, Ontario. Madam, — On behalf of the Is'ew England Company, of London, I hereby give you notice to deliver np j)ost;ession to the llev. Canon Nelles that ])ortion of the Company's one- huudred-acre .school lot situate at Onondaga, which your late husband, Joseph Fink, paid rent for to the Company's tenant, John S. Kingston, containing 2^ acres, more or less. Dated this 17th day of October, a.d. Ib70. (Signed) A. E. Botsfoud, Co mmis doner of New Eni/hmd Compani/. [1870. 1870.] AIMMCNDIX VII. 351 Notice to another Tenant. nth October , 1870. Mil. John S. Kingston. Sir,— 1 mentioned to you, when I saw you at Onondaga, that the New England Company would j'xpcet an increased rent for tlieir 100-acre lot, after the ex')iration of the addi- tional three years which the llev. Caiion jVelles agreed to extend your lease to. I write this notice to you, to prevent you from getting into difiiculty by sub-letting the lot to any other party lor a longer term than your lease Avould authorize. Yours, A. E. BOTSFOIID, Commmioner of New Entjland Company. it is 352 APPENDIX VIII. The Uiiilcil Stnto8 Consul at Fort Eric, in April I SCO, and shortly aftorwarcls hol(lin-70.] APPENDIX VIII. 'A:,:i I SCO, nnd Ontario, »f liepre- into and Dominion ployed to report is moat the (HlbcTH of obtained ) of the aufiicient iiiwk In- iched the 1 Society, ick, plea- l acres of r children 70. They B society, vriting of lliug were re than a )U8ecutive attained blishment .•m at all him into 1 allotting on. 1 ri'grcttod that horticultural instructions were not aildcd to those of the resident farmer. At an expense almost nominal a few ornamental trees, shrubs, and plants would increase the attractions of the temporary home and its lessons to the young Indians; and by adding a nursery garden the children could also bo instructed in the art of sowing, rearing, budding, and grafting tl.o fruit-trees adapted to the climate. Much present and agreeable interest would be excited, useful employment would be afforded, atul per- manent and practical ideas of a beneficial kind would thus be carried to many Indian homes, and secure material and profitable results, while the productions of the garden and nursery would nearly or quite defray the expense of the un- dertaking. In addition to the connnon branches of education the girls are instructed in the ordinary household work of the farm, including spinning, and sewing by hand and on the machine. It was found impossible to secure attendance sutliciently regular without boarding the children in the establishment. The parents of many reside at considerable distances from it. It is unquestionable that the influence e.xerted by the school has had a very beneficial influence on the farm and homes of these Indians. In this school two or three of the children were undis- tinguishable from whites, and many were evidently of mixed blood. I inquired from their teacher, who was a man of experience in other schools, whether, in receiving instruc- tion, there was any appreciable difference between the children of the two races. He thought that of the two, the Indians were the quickest. Here no attempt is now made to teach the mechanical arts, although at one time this was done. The project was not abandoned because the Indian youths manifested an iusuflicieut aptitude for such acquirements ; they preferred the if dependent life of farmers to that of confined and sys- tematic mechanics. 2 A PBINTED BY ■l.WI.OK AM' lU.. l.rni.K QCKKN SlUllT. I.INCOI.N'h INN Fli:i.l'S, I.'t.vliON. M