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Lea cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., pauvent dtre filmte d dee taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est ftlmi i partir da I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et do haut an baa. an prenant le nombre d'imagas n^cessaira. Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thoda. 1 2 3 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 T.^) I GREENILIEAF'S GRAMMAR HSdlPiyilFMIS) § i OR, OCULAR ANALYSIS OP THE EIIVGLISH LANGUAGE. FIFTH, FROM TUB FOURTH STRRBOTTPBD SDITtONt MONTRExVL: PsiNTso MB B. a. Wrum, a. M. Authob op tsb OadToa^s Got9e, See. Scv BV A. GRAY. 1823, I : I ! RECOMMENDATIONS. sspil upon the first Edition of "Grammat Simplified ;'* since- The following encomiums, iogetlier will, many ot.^^^^ ^I^^.^.^_^^ ^^^j experienced some alterations; and, 1 may % ^£3 many ^i^'^at abS^^^^^^ ^ ; although the general plan remains the same. add, has had many very va. ^ ^^_^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ . ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ .^ _^^^^ .^^.^^ ^ ^^,^^^^,,^ ,„^^^. I have, will, considerable attenUon. axam.ned G"'T , 'T' ^.l i^„e of it. ,ho author must necessarily encounter much public pHJudice- &c. by J. Greenleaf. Esq. and am much pleased o find d d y, ^.^ ^^^^ „„,„,,„„,,,,y happen.^ that almost every man of obtuse in.eU wually attendam on an attempt to acquire a knowledge ot tm ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^.^^^ , .^^^^„. ^^^,.^^^ ,^ ^.^j,^ ^ literature, in his compend in a great measure removed. I '°^''^' q^^^^^^. ^^1,;^.^, ^f course, he contrives to make as unintelligible a» only the most nnexceptionable, but really the best system . ^^^ ^^^^^^ Grammar, i.«tead of being an inviting, becomes an formed on the Latin model, which has heretofo. - ^ical ul el Lolen.bly irk.ome task. the worth of theories and systems be tested by ihe.r pracncal usetuh.e^^, ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^^^^^^ ^^_^^,^ ^^^^^^^ and let them be apprixiated accordingly. I must con.ess, ■ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ,^^i^ ^^^^^ ,,^ nessed such attainments from a course ot eighteen lessons, as «.re those b . „ ^ , __,.,.. .. of my friend, Mr. M'Clintock's little son, of only seven years ; who had lieu taught by Mr. Greenleaf, on the plan of his Grammar and who was exanaued. at his father's request, m my presence. This .s practical demonstration. " Let works bear witness." I most coru.ally '..■ommend both the Gram.nar and the Author to a hberal and enhghter. ed publick, to whose patronage they are, in a ^g^ 'Jeg-e. cnnUed. ^ SAMUEL B. WYLIE, D. D. [Professor of the Lalin, G,e.'k, and Hebrew Langimses, l.ale Professor in the Universily of Pennsuloama.} Philude'phia, April tH, V8'2^2 Sir -After having thoroughly examined your "Grammar Simplified," I have' not the least be.itaiion in saying, tl«»t rt possesses a deeded pre- ftrence over all other Grammars, extant. But this is really domg injus- tice to its merit.. To say that your system of Grammar is pre-enunenl to all others, is too indofinite. It is pre-en.inent. in point ot c.lity ^n a very hi,h degree. Simplified as it L., however n w.l undoubted y have to encounter mud. prejudice from the .cperfi.^al and malecolenl ; c.,pecially from ignorant and pedan.icb schoolmaster. : for I perceive u ' I ■' .1 r v.i... mil/wrf lii> know some- often quickened by the birch ; while the blame is wholly and sokly t9 be attributed to the stupid method of instruction. This little treatise, proffers a relief. It does not pretend to conduct the pupil through the depths of grammatical science— not to make him a master of its philosophical principles, but to give him a competent know- ledge of it for practical purposes -to familiarize the maVer of it to his mii'id-to put him in possession of those ele,nent',, without an accurate acquaintance with which, ulterior advances are impraciicable. The whole secret lies in stripping it of every thing Init the very essen- tiah-w placing these before the eye of the learni-r, and in accustoming him to the application of every thing as he goes along. The public mny be assured that Mr. Greenleaf is no quack ; but that he perforins much more than the modesty of bU title would lead his rea- , . J, NL MASON, derto expect. Montreal, 28th March, 1823. Ilavin- hoard much of Mr. Welles, as a teacher of English GrammnT, I went in the morning of this day to his Si^hool-room, in order to satisfy myself; ami though, I must confess, f entertained some doubts of tho vo..r in Grammar, that is to say, iu committing the niles. definuions. L ' ll^ice it i. to be expected, that many teael»er. will keep the book «.; of their Schools as long as possible. But a cursory perusal of the workissufficu-ntto convince xU. judicio^i^ and rf,.sce,-n,«ff, that it ,s ,vhat it professes to be. " (!,-am,nar Simplified^' and that it is an mva, luble acquisition to literature. Truly, and with sincere gratulations, yoiir's ^ WILLIAM MANX- \_Prnftssor of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew Langoa^es.J well adapted to every capacity. ROBERT EASTOM. ,|y from ignorant and pedanticb schoolmaster. : .or i perc.iv. " '"^- ' „,- J,. .Ushing so much as he thought of in so short a time, , ,,„ JiMe for any one to teach from your plan, nnles. he know son.- ^^^^^^^^ ,, J J ^, education.and marking tho rapid pre- At^O nV TUB KOILOVVlSr, OKNTl-KMEN : The Rev. Edward D. Griffin, D. D. now President of Williamslown C^IWe . At»-t.stns K. Taylor, ^L D. New-Brunswi.k ; H. J^ toltus, A^TL^a^in T. Onderdonk. A. M. New-York ; John B. Rome,.. D 1>. Alex. MLeoi, D. D. ; Z. Lewis, A. M. J. Mathews, AM, G Spring, D. D. 'llie Revd. Frederick Beasley, D. D. President of the UuivU/y of Pennsylvania; J. Marshall, ^^\^^-}^'^^ • ^., .-r-iT tR(.,i, DD • P V Daniel, Lientenam Governor of V.rgmm; Thomas From tho Rev. J. M. Mason. I). D. U-e Provost of Columbia College. ^-^D" ^ -^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^ , now IVesideiit of Carlisle College, Penn.. ^- ''^"""'P • University of Pennsylvania ; Jnmes ,v .. Vnr'- Uve.Lan'- March 31, 1820. I Professor of English, &c. in the unv y Vo..ahM'«rv, I have recently lock.! over, with some curiosity and a-ition « Utt \^^'^ ^ p,.,,,, of the Columbian College in tl. work, by Mr. Jeien.iah Ceeiileaf. entitled " Grammar S.nphfi d. I ^]'^.^^^ ",,,,^ j,,,,. p. AU-rcrombie. Auhor of a Syste. i. exce.lin.ly brief, and proposes to te.ch the rudiments of that art m an D sU . r ^^. ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ almost incredibly «hort time. Considering the volummous trcao.e. on | of Grairuxiar , iUc ■1 >lific(l';" since- i ; and, I may tolerable know- public prijudice' 1 of obtuse iniel- lified to write a unintelligible as ting, becomes an much progress, ■y, their step» are lly and solely to nd to conduct the to make him a competent know- tatter of it to lii» iihout ai> accurate licablc. )ul the very esse n- ,nd in accustoraing o (jtiaok ; but that voiild lead his rea- . M. MASON. Ih March, 1823. ■ English GrammHr, 1, in order to satisfy some doubts of tho of in S3 short u time, king tlio rapid prc- tuilion, 1 now allef U>, and yet ^ullicient- not less simple and EUT E.VSTOM. MEN : ent of Williamslowiv ivi.k ; H. J. Foltu?, ; ; John \^. Romeyn, J. Mathews, A. M. ). D. President of the •f Justice ;] John D. of Virginia ; Thomas ;er3, D. D. Quondam Pennsylvania ; i»mei Irammar, Vocabulary, I umbian CoUfge, in tho .| ie, Auhor of a System j t. &c. .^llllllllOllllllll'*- — KnTWITIlSTANDING tlienumerous publications tiponEt.fflish Grammar, nmltlif ability with which many of thcni are JJiUen^t t^a Svv"clVl iS^ fe.v ^viU deny, that this science has never yet beensos.mphhed, as to rettder tltc study ot it, at once concise, easy, and 'nyj|ng. „p,„-„:„„ j „^s first led to believe, that a correct knowed^e of the Grammar of the ^ FrcHrt ^'^P"''^"? '^;.7t "St^ f^^^ ofX t me usually occupied in th. altuinntent "of it ; and that, instead of Eui^hsli Lanjrua^'c might be obtimed, in ^^"""" P' " ' ' ,„ , ,j;,t ^ ,„ ,,t agreoable niul interesting one. With these a long, dry and irksojne study tt "^R; '^ "'^''^'^^l ^;',^,,^^^^ ull the general rules and princi- ;:K::r:hLh^'r^^^^^^^^ °* ruScdin'ff materials for the work, I have consulted ffarm, TAywIh PM>/ JoA-^.o,, Shrrhlan Ffornr Tooke Wrbsfer, J .Sm^ • ^nl, in constructin.^ it have endeavoured to re.uler it plain ami intcll.gil.le to the lowest capacity ; and to obvt- Ste everScu y or o Iscurity that might tend, in the least degree, «o embarrass or perplex the mind ot the learner. In sS I am positive, that this treaUse is calculated to impart a knowledge of (Jra.mn^.r w.th more facility, and in a much shorter t"u;;;!tffn'any other system heretofore published. With huniblo coulidence, therefore, I present Grammar Smphjicd, to an enlightened publick. THE AUTHOR. Ncw-York," September, 1821, * . ADVERTISEMENT. In presenting a New Edition of Mr. Gneiileaf's " Grammar Simplified," (o the enlightened People of the Caiiadas, the Publisher experiences no ordinary emotions of pleasure — as he is confident that he is hereby contributing aid, in a most important sense, tathe advancement of youth in the path of Learning- and Science; Let this system be generally adopted in our Academies and Schools, and the cour.se which it prescribes fot Teaciiers, be ably and generally pursued, and both Teachers and Pupils will find, that nine tenths of the drudgery unavoidably attending the study of English Grammar, on the old plans, are, hi/ this, entirely done away It is CNpected. however, that those who attempt to learn from this systc n, are already acquainted witii Orthography— that they can read with facility, and intiiligenlly ; and, ordinarily, all appliianl* of this description, of common capacity, will be able, in the course of twcivty-four lesstms, of two hours each, "to obtain a competent knowledge of Grammar, for all practical purposes" — to fainlliarizt* the matter of it to their minds, and to put tliemselves in peifect possession of those "elementary principles" which constitute the tmli/ valuable fiiundalioh of our' kno\> ledge of the English language. Several typographical errors will be found in this edition, but they are sirch as intelligent pupils will at*'onc"e notice and correct. Tmc Publisber has been so circumstanced ever since it weiU to Press, as to be unable tooxanune and correct, even a snltary sheet; and he is well aware that it may be encountered by those who can look only i'orpiRi*' heads ~]iul that consitlera- ti mis of no consequence; and, with all its i mporfcctioH.x,. Vir. Gn'tn/i«/'s«^5<62/(, is presented to the public^ witli the confidence ot its meriting universal approbation^ ' E. G* W. Montreal, April 28th, 1823v COJ^TEMTS. TTTK On |iii| tantcH. 'I'l JKCtivus, oiv •941^ Tliefii litters wliici to comineix . s ■ l> Preface, Advertissment _ - • Key, or Method of Instruction, - - ■ " ' " ^ Etymology. Definition of the Parts of Speech, &c. - • Parsir J Lesson I in the Indicative Mood, - - - Ditto 2 " Subjunciite Mood, • - " Ditto 3 " Potential Mood, - - " * ' Ditto 4 " laftnitive Mood, Ditto 5 *' Imperative Mood. - Ditto 6 to hi Promiscuous Exercises, Moods and Tenses, - * " " ^ ' ^ ^ . Conjugation « f Verbs, - ' ' ^ . . . Declension of Nouns and Pronouns, Rules of Syntax, - - - " A List ofthe Pronominal. Adjectives.) . . - - • and the comparison of Adjectives. i . - - - Irregular and Defective Verbs. Ac. - *,'.". Bemarks on the Ellipsis, - * . - - • Prosody, , - ^ ^ ^ _ Punctuation, .".,„'. p„„: tain and exercises in Punctuation, Wonhe principal A-l«rb.,Frepo.iUo„s.«WncU.n., _ _ Appendix— Versification, - * ^ ^ . Rhetoric-Tropes or Figures of Speech, • ^ ^ ^ Compositiun defined, f * inflection of Verbs, PAGE. - 5 - - 7 . 8 - 8 - 10 -ll - IS -14 .16 9.11.13. 1 J. IT 9,11, 13. 15,17 9, II, 13, 15,17 9 J I. 13.15, 17 9, 11,13,15,1 16. 18 18 - 19 20 . 21 2t - 23 24 25 26 27 28 Wlint pnrt . Vbat is an What kind Why?.... What docs Givu the ru What part What is a r What kind Why?.... VHiat gcnd Why? What pcrcn Why?..., What numl Why?.... In the sami distance i 1 As son for this pur sus, I'arsin Tlic ni examples ai iliustriitions booki). As N. B.-- of tUe |iar6ii |1. a. Tht 2. 11. Thi : 3. a. Th*. 14. a. Tilt f Verbs, A Key 1o " Grammar SrmpliJiecK' TTTE naniM •« tli* P«fts of speech nre designated l)y their initials ; ihiii, ar standi for article, n for noun, pro for pronoun, l^e. (fleo the bottom of thU pngfc) On mine 8. ura tlm ilcfiiiilions of ihe n«rt» of upeccli, and on the margin of pages H. lo, 12, M, and )»;, arc paming li^sson., adaptwl to the wveral moods and tinges The nuKKls, tenses, and the conjiination of the verhs, togeUier wUh the rules of syntax, the declension of n.nin. and pronouns, a list ut Uic pronominal ad- jecuvcs, and Uio comparison of ac^ectivcs, are respectively eihibited on tht right-hand page, of the parsing Ichsons. MEril«»D OK ^^^T acrioN. Tlic first thine which the learner has to do, and the only thing preparatory for parsing, is to heeome acqimintud with the n Nominative to what ? Give the rule. . . . PiTPIL. a.. The nominative. . ... 'Hie nominative case is the actor, &c. . . . 'I'o the verb loirs. .....Itule I, The nominative case govcmi Ibe vcrl). A verb. .... A verb is a wordwliicb expresses action oi being. What kind of • verb? Active. Why? An active verb denotes action or energy which terminates on some object. Is if regidar, or irregular ? Regular. Why ? Regular verbs are those wWeh ' foim the imperfect tense, &c What mood ? Indicative. What part of speech is loves .». What is a verb?. .. Why ? , .The indicative mood simply indicates or declares a tiling, or asks a question. Present. ^ The present tense denotes present time. Tliird person, singular number. r} Wbiit person? Tlio third. What tense ? Why? .,.«..... The third pcnon denotes the person or thing Why? spoken of. I. What person and numlicr' ■What numlier ? Tlie singular. | What does it agree with for its nomi. Why? Tlio singular numbier clenote» but' one ob-'; native? It agrees with man. jcct. [l Give tlie rule. Ilule 2, The verb must agree with, &c. In the same manner with all the patfs of speech. The instructer must refer his pupils, in the first place, to tlie definitions, rules, &c. He can, if he - please, bo at- « distance from them, when they commence parsing, and take the following method. . n V CliarU's writfs. iNsTniTTER. ^ Punt. What part of speech is r^nr^i ? --.......- A noun. What is a noun ?-.............. A noun is a word which is the name of any person, place, or thing. It is a projicr noun — Why?- ...--.-.--■- Propernoims are the names of individuals. The masculine gcniler — Why?. .......... The masculine gender denotes males. Third iK'rson — \\]n ?. . ........... The third person denotes the person or thing spoken of. As soon as the learner becomes sufficiently initiated into the subject to enable him to parse without giving the definitions, (and flit- first lesson is always stiflicieilt for this purpose,) 1-c may omitth»Mn and psrse'in the usual way : anil, after going through with the several marked lessons, he niir lii.nience at rromiscuous Kxerci. ses. Parsing Lesson 10. It is nccess:o made to uiulerslaiiil, as.rmn hi powlhlp, the ii fa'.i^, |)a.per, &c. The long Italian a, as in far, farth.T, pa-pa, mam-ma. The broud German a, as in fall, wall, wa-ter. The short sound of the Italian a, as in fat. mat, uiar-ry. The long e, as in me, here, me-tre, me-dium. The short e, as in met, let, get. The loi>g dipthongal i, an in pine, ti-tle. The short simple i, as in pin, lit-tle. The long open o, as in no, note, no lice. The long close o, as-in move, prove. THE SOUNDS OF THE VOfVELS. 3. o. Tlie long broad o, as in nor, for, or ; like the broad a. 4. o. The short broad o, as in not, hot, got. 1. u. The-long dipthongftl ?<, as in tube, cu.pitj. 2. u. The short simple m, as in tub, cup, sup. 3. u. The middle or obtuse lo, as in bull, full, pull. • oi. The long broad o, and the short i, as in oil. oir. The long broad o, and the'middlu obtuse u, ai> iatheu, pound, Til. The acute or sharp th, as in 'i I-; i 1' I 8 P.'nSING LESSON 1' A man lovet. np ■» V The Ihi}!) fiAidy. mr n ■< v A good girl lcarii<<, II V Harriet loves Eli/a. n V II Cliarleti writes a httrr. n V (ir n Cliarlcs wrote a k'tter. n V nr l. Churlc!) b«9 written a Ictiev. n V :tr n ChailM had written a li'tlcr. n V Ht n Charles will write a Utter. II V nr n Charles will have Wi-iltcii a letter. ar II V (If II Till' ({ills play in school. nr 11 pr ii v nr n The paths of virtue are the iiatlis pr n of peace. Hr t n V M pi* A good man wotsliips God »itli a 11 humble confiduiicc. n II |>n n iir nr Cesar's troop'!, Iiuing cajjor for an n V , :iil pr 11 n onset, nisheii furiously on the foe. n ml V pa Men are often found transgressing ur a the laws. p o V c T pr |ipo n I will arise, and go to my father, c V iiv , r > n pro and will say unto him ; Father, I V pr n c liavc sinned against Ileuvcn, and pr It o before thee. n nr n v ar Newton, the philosopher, was a n ' great astronomer. n V 'd pro a n Estlier put on her royal apparel, pro V II pr' »r ii pr She obtained favour in the sight of ar n the king. 11 pa p' n » p™ Money, taken hy fraud, betrays iU n possessor, ir n pro pro v pr n The ladies, whom we saw at court, .1 V were genteelly drosseii 1. V nr n Henry had received the news ml , n r before the messenger arrived. 11 ,. \ jir n pro General, this is the sword which pr- V ••:" you gave inc. ,ir 'I v^i* pro an A letter, which we have just V % 1' ' "'■ " received, gives us an answer. „ V I" ■ V"' «'l Some talk of subjects they do not V n V n ■ understand ; others praise virtue, ,,r • V no who do not ictice it. :u .1 V pr nr n The men were tried by the court, c II 111' |iro , '' J lind each of them was «ned. jir., ml "..,', I have often been occupied, alas ! pr II with trifles. i n ail a v O ! TiTtue, how amiable art pro tbou I ' GRAMMAR SIMPLIFIED. ARTICLK. An AnTin.l Is a word placed before nouns to liinit their signification. There are two articles 'r denotes foinules. • '' he iH'iitiT neiiilcr denotes things without sex. Person is Ijio ipiality of the noun which imilities the verb. Tliere art three persons, the first, second, and tliird. The/iVj( ;iiT.iii;i denotes the per«"i speaking, The '.«'r.i«(/ yiirmn denotes the pei in or thing spoken to. The tliiril iiiT.'im denotes the person or thing s)>iikcn of. Viiuns have but two persons, the scconil mid third. NU.MHKU is llie distinction of one fro n many. ' Nouns have two nuiiiberfi, the singular and plural. The siniiiilar niimher ilenotes but one obiei't- The /Vh™/ HiiwfcT denotes more objif Is han one. t ASi; is the dilierent state or situation of nouns witli rogartl to other words. Nouns have three cases, the nominative, pes* sesiive, and objective. ■ i. ■ . The mmiiualwr f„s,. is the actor, or subject of the verb. It generally comes before the verU The i„,.v(,Miiv ciiM- denotes propertv or possi'ssion. It is generally forniid by adding to a noun witli an apostrophe ; thus, "John's book." When the pluiaiends in s the npctniplie only is added ;as, " On eagles' wings." The nhjccliuit casr is the objei t on which the action of u verb or participle torummtes or Uie object of a prcposiilon. It generally comes after the verb. PJiOS'OU V. A Pnosouv ir a word used instead of a noun, to avoid the too frequent repetition of Uie same word. There are two kinds of pronouns, personal and relative. PnHonut promum stand immediately for the name of ^o""* P"^'^'"]; o."; ""['K; Belalu'C ,'n,HO.».» relate directly to some noun or personal pronoun, called he antccMm. which, whul, and (Ant. All pronouns, except the rdatm!, are t^n^wil. The same that belo, pronouns. They have Uiree persous : Gender has respect only to.the thud penwii singular »t They are who, u-hose, whom, ong to the nouns^ belong oUo t« '■ the prunoun^i, Ac, sAc, it, A nJECTfVE. An A njFCTivF. is n word which expresses some quality or property of a noun. rrnlnimUndhcliues arc those wl.ieli are soinotimc-s used as adjectives and soaut.mes as pronouns. AdJecUvIlfare'S only to express the degrees of comparison. Thc-y have tl>ree degrees of comparison. U.e Positive, The°;:Si"r'exX'd:; n-ality of an object without any increase or diminutiot, ; as. wi., ^ca,, ^oO. T c Z"mr,lL ,leerec increases or lessens Uie positive in signification ; as, w.scr, greater, leis ,««<-. The Z!7/Zd.^eincr.>.sos or lessens the positive in the highest or lowest degree ; as. u>,^st, srcalcst. least m^. Some atyecUves do not admit of comparison ; as, cAi g«"';;»"y ^ "o^eVon^ as, loved. Participles, like verbs, have in active, passive, and neuter significauon. jnVERB. An Anv«. .s . word used to qualify the sense of veri3s, parUciples, and adjective ; and, sometimes, of other adverb. Some adverbs admit of comparison ; as, soon, sooner, sooiic.t. PREPOSITION. A P««,smo« is a word v,hich serves to connect words, and riiow the relation between them. - CONJUNCTION. A Cov,„v™oK is a word that is, chiefly, used to connect «>„tences, joining two or ntore simple sentences mto on. compound one It, sometimes, connects only words. INTERJECTION. . An I.«..,.cno, is . worf used to expms pa3«on or emotion -. u.uaU, .h*t which is ^oleat o. «.dde„ ; »., Jl. . Oh I Ah ! Hush! Lot Fit! ■' behold ' ■^ I i > t. Tl 33. H. MB Ose. OS ■'M iMir, latte 4 .' plarsl. •finite ankj!tf I aiiJ lliirJ. ;1 third. •ms, the iiominaiive, pos. vitli an apostrophe ; thun, :ct of a preposliloiu It y (ire vho, »(7/o«c, whom, I the nouiisj liulong aUo t« prunouni, ho, Mf, it. comparison, the Positi»e» great, good, xatcst, least mse. r, and defective. It i.s formed by adding person, mood, and tense. [iinle« compounded. }nosyllables are irrcj^iilarn uood, tense, number, and id noun. feet tense ; as, laved. iictimcs, of other adverbs. i simple sentences into one ,t or sudden ; as, Jltu ! OBAMMAR SIMPLtPTED. MOOD is the manner of representino^ nction or bcin^. Tlie Indicative Mood simply indicates or declares a thin:;, «»r asks a qucstinn. Prist nt Tense denotes uriwnt tiine, TKNSK is tlip division of litno. Siiiii'iltir •nitmbtr, I. I lovr, . t. Thou Invest, ^ 3, Hr Invoi. ^ Plural. I. Wi-lovr. 8 W «r ynu loTe, 3. Thry liirr. c S!'>s"l' iiumbir, I . I hiivr, •{. Thiai liatt, ». He h««. PliiraK 1. We h«»», 2. Y" or yriihare, 3. ThK) liave. a^hgitlur number. I. I am, . 9. Tliou art, ^ 3. He I- rinraL 1 . Wp ari-, 2. Ye or yon are, 3. They are. o Imperfect Tense drnoins past time, hoW' ever distant. Sinfrttlar number, I Invcd, Thcu lovedtt, He luted. Plural. We loved, Ye or ynii lovtd, They tovrd. Singular number. I hn. Plural, Wr were, Ve or you were, Tliej were. Singular number, g I. I am loved, > t, Thiiu art Inved, ^ S. He l» loved. y Plural. " I. We are loved, ^ 8. Ye or you are loved ^ 3. They are loved. Perfi it Tense denotes past time, hiil also conveys nn ullusioii to the present. Singular number. I have* lovd. Thou h>«i li'.ved, He bai loved. Plural. We have I ved, V e or you have loved, Tltey have loved. Sinirnliir lumiber, I have had, Thou hn»t had. Me haa had- nlural. We had hart. Ye or jou have had, They liave had. Singular number. have been, Thou hati been, lie bail been. Plural. We have beyi, ^ e or you have been, Tbey have been. Singular number. [ WHS loved. Thou wusi loved, llewaa loved. Plural. We were loved. Ye or you were inved, I'hey were loved. Pfiiprr/'ert Tense denotes past time, but as prior tc some otlier 'past time upeciiied. Singular number. I had loved, Thou had^t loved, He had loved. Plural. We had loved. Ye or )ou had loved, Tliey had li.ved, Singuliir number. I had hiid, Thou had^i had. He had liad. Plural. We bad ha-l. Ye nr >nu had had, They ha.l had. Singular number, had been, Th-iu adst been. He had been. Plural. Wa had been. Ye or you had been, They hart b. en. First fhlnre Trnae dunutus luluro time. KL'LB I. The nominative ca»e governs the verb. RULE 7. Partleiplei bavetiie'Mma Coveromeiil, ns the verbs have, from which they are derived. RULE IS. Prnnouna mu»l agree with ilieir anleeedenle. or tlie nouna lliry represenf, in gender and number. RULK i. The verb mustaf^ree niib lt>nomlnaiive in uuaiber and per'.on. RULES. Prepositions govern the objective c«ke. RULE 14. ConjunriloDi canned nnnns and proDi^una jn ibe same ca«e, and. f;enerall\ , verbs of the like moodi anr' tenses. Singular number, I liave been loved, Tbuu hast been loved, He has been loved. Plural, We have been loved. Ye or you liave been loved, They have bei-n l.ved. Singular numlirr, I shall or will luve, Tlioo Blinll or will love. He shall or wlil live, Plin,il. We shall Or «ill love. Vr or > ou > hd II or w i 1 1 love Tt ey "hall or will luve. Singular niim!>er. I shall or mil imve, Thou •hall or wilt have. He shall i,r nlll have. Plural. We shall or will have, Veor y.'U shallor will have They shall or will have. Singular numlin: I shall nr will be. Thou hhali or Hil' he. He shall or will he. Plural. We shall or w>ll be, Y ory.iu shall nr will be, T.iey shall er will be. Singular number. I had bi^en loted. Thou liadit been loved. He had been loved. Plural. We bad been loved. Ye or you had been loved They had been 1 ved. RULK ». Artiilei and adjeeilvei belong to nouns, which tbey qualify or define, RULR 9. Neu'er verbs have the >ame cafe after as befn-e iheia. RULE IS. A noun or iironoun .tolned with n participle, anil alnnd- iHK Inrtependent of the reat or liT onlrnce la In iho no. linative case independent. RUiK 4. Participles, like verbs relate to nouns or pro nount. RULE 10. A noun or pronoan sIk nifying pnaseasion, n ipn ' .-ned by the doho it pes RULE 18 A verb In Ibe in6nitlve m.od, may b# governed bv a veib, noun, adiec. live, or participle. 'Singular number. I shall or will he loieil, Tliou shall or wiK be loveii He sliall or will be loved Plural. We shall or will beloved. »r you „.»,. or „„ ^ (^eVrATa't^ 0V**(l. They ilKl Stronil future Tense di'iioles riit%( time, (ml as prior to .some otlni fuliiro time spti'ified. Singular number, I -hall have loved. Thou ihiilt or wilt havf Invert Heshull or will lave loved Plural. We shall havr |iived,(lnved Ye or )ou shall or will have The) (IikII II.' will have la\ed Singular number. I shall hnve had. Thou siinltorwlli have liart Me sliall Or will hnve had. Plural. W- ahall have liiid [had, Ve or villi ,hallur will have fney shall or will hatehad Sinviilar number. I sh'ill havi" been Thou aim It or wilt have tieeii, He thutler arillliavebceo. Hural. We ahall linve been, (heec Ve or you alintl or will' have 1 hey ahall iir will have been Singular number, I ihnll have lieen Invert, Tli.Mnhalt or will havi'been He ahall or wltl liavo beeu Plural. We shall hnve been loved, " will kava ill be loved uuLiTs. hi'eii l.'vi-rt, (loved^ ■ They »|im|| „r w ill hnve bien .^ , HI Lr. 6, ~ Adverbs qualify verb., Aciive veib. govcrollie participles, artjectjves.and objective case, other adverb'. riRST PERSON. Sing, jVofB. I, Pnnu my or mine, , O'lj, nie. Plu. jVom. we. Post, our or ours, ■oy. us. Utclension of tue personal Pronouns. RULE 12. When an address ii made 10 a person, the noun or pronoun is put la the noma inative case independent. RULE IS, SECOND PERSON, iVom Ihnii, Pns; ihy, or thine, Obj, thee. Via. Nnm, ye or yon, Tom. your or yonis, I Obj. you THIRD PP.RtON. nfnm. he, Pou. his, Obj. htm. Plu. .Voin. they, Pou, their or theirs, Obj. them. THIRD PERSON. Sing, Non. she, Pojs. her or here, Oy. her. Plu. -Vom. they, I', THIRD PP.RfON. Sing. Nam. It, Pon$. its, Obj. it, PlH. Non,. they. RULE II. Two or more nonna sljt- ni^ln({ Ibe same ihing, i.re i put. bj apposition, in ibe i same cane. RULE 17. A verb in the infinitive The verba whkb follow »M, mood nb^olnie, stands in- dar/-, ftrl, htar, ut, »ia*«, dependent of the remain. ?'"*.' i"'.',*'=- a™ .""d In inir nnr, „r.k. . ■-"■"■" the iiifliilllve nmnd without injr part of the sentence ,,„vi„ff i,,e sign to preHxed t» ^ 'them. Utclennion oj the relative Pronouns. .. Singular atfd Plural, Vow. who F„.,. ,ho.e OM. whom. .>,«m. wiioever, P»«, whoaever, oy. whomerer J\ om. Whosoever, Po«. whonesoeier, Obj. wbnmawver. Which, mhat, and tbal; ore ot both numben, and are used in the nominulive nr objenive case, bit have no poaiessive ; except that ahon is s.mellmei lined as ilie possessive of »AicA; as " Ti,r iiee leAose ■»j«. their or theirj, Pom. their o- theirs """•"'•"!« PO"""'" of »AicA ; When lh« nn.,„ . ,r • ' ..; . . "•' "*•'• •'""*• 'OA/. them. i"?"*' ••»<" brought death." WAo, ,Ao.«. and uicd mdifferently in the Dominative or objeriive caae, but have no posi^s-ive! ■^' '""' *'• "'ei »»?,<". brutes TAal, is aptilied both lo persons and ^ list Of the pronominal Adjectives. iJelnTves^heTar' lZt\T.r.TA'}L-Z::\ ? o,.„,;."js;r-»as--i:~i;;-^^^^^^^^^ atiru. Ose. «hsr, an: ""•r. latter, none, plnrM. n ■.-'v»#r-" ~— " ■ •""" """" Pin. A'oin. Iiinfa Pom. klliKS' Olij. klUKs. Plu. \bm. laea Po,g. men's Otj, men. in • pro n * • I"** li iiur dr>irrt ti nioilerulr, lur n * • c M H V Md ft ltil;e rrxiliillon wrrp nut Irgul. c |iri> * V" Viilrsdhuu liH'l liiipil I rr, on » IT pro ir John linrt >i)»krn lo me. e |iiir' T «r n pr »r VDlt-M hf will du ilie work iii u A n UPiili"! munimr. c nr n ' ▼ It ilif man »linll have accnm|ilUned yro II pru n kia wurk by mlil-ummer, en V pro n n If Ji.mii* has lukl Lli money, Jack » Vo will rrcorer il. n r« I" " Hf nrj ha»lr>g ^raduainl al collfne T pr nr n pr n wil> mifx upon the «ludy ut dittinily , » pro n ▼ if lii« lirullb admilt c pro n T pr n P™ If (lur friend be In trouble, we, pro pro » c T wliom i.e know! ood lov«i, will T liro consnie liini. « pro T pr n c If we cnnleiid about tntles, and ad V pro n pro llnleiiilv maiiiluin o\ir opinions, we T nd n n •hall gain but few frl^niU. en V |iro n pro If (trenloeit flaller our vanity, il T pro n muliipllf* onr dan(jer«. e pro T pr pro pro If we look around us we snail V c np a n V p*reel»e tlinl tiie whole uuiverie U « pr a n full of active pow.m. C: pro V iiro c 1 «d Pa If .hou art lie— but oh 1 how fiillen! n pro vac CeniUnnen, yOD lire mj>iiil(en. If $ro V nr n pr pro pro v be the person to wlirnij"" nllurte. c pro V ait nr n pr If we p(>s;e«5 not the powr iif n pro V nr n self jrovernrneMt, we khail be tlie prry pr n a n of every evil propensitr. pa pro a pro HavinK resigned hit office, he V pr ft a c n retired to private life, if history T n ipeak truth, en T «d a If yputhbe trifled auuy, manhond T. a c ad n «iU be contempllble, uud old age a Biiserahle. c pr a a " ap n ■ If, from any iownal cauje, atnun't- n pr n v a* peacn of mind be disturbed, Id vain. pro T pr* pr , " ''■ " wi' load him witit rieiie* ur hanonrs.. Itro pa pro n He liRvinK eniled hii ditcourse, ar n v tlir nweoibly dispersed. r. ar a ad T pro AT the mind be well culilmied, it Vi ar n pti i « ad ' pro. nrodiires « store of fruit |. if oat, it vr pr »^ il cvtrruD ,wi(U needrt. CnnfMAR SIMPUFFED. PROMISCUOUS EXRIinSES IN PARSIMG. PAIiSiSG t.ESSOS G. iCItP.MEII UP Liri'. OfTKN ILt.UrtOHV, Omar tlifl son of ITussan, ImJ passed iMWi-nty-livo yt-nrs in lioiioiir und pratiperiiy. Tli*' fuvoiir of tlire« siiiressive culilii Imd filled li'n lioua*) wiili gold und silver ; and wlieiicvur lio iippt-iiruJ, tlie iH-tifdictiotis of tliL- people procliiimi'd iiin pnfsnge. ■ • » i i r Teiri'Htrinl huppiiiL'ss iii ot :.horl conliiiiiaiice. T.te bfif:lilite»-t of tlio flntiie n wu«iinR ilfi liifl ; tli*» Ira- grnnt flower is pa»r*ing away in its own odours. Tlie vigour of Oinur begun to full ; the eiirU of beauty lell from liii head ; strengtli departed from itis liuiid*., and agility from liin feet, lie gave back to llm calif the keys of iruMt,.and the seuU of secrecy ; oiul sought no other pleasure for liio remuiiis of life, tlian tlie convenw of li.e wise, iind the craliliideof the gooil. „ .. .. . i .i i- 'l"lie power "of his mind were yet iinimpnired. His chnmlier wan filled by visitants, eagar to cnlcli the ilm- tates of experience, and oiricioiis to pay the tribute of adminilion.— tJnIod, the son of the viceroy of Fgyj)!. enter- ed every day early, and retired lute. He was beuuiifMl and elnquent : Omar ndiniicd his wit. and loved his do- cility. " Tell me," said Caled, " thou to whose voice nations have listened, and whose wisdom is known to the extremities ofAsia, tell mo how I may resemble Omar the pnidont. The arts by which thou hast paineil power and preserved il, are to thee no longer nocexsary or useful ; impart lo me the wcrct of thy conduct, and tench me the i)lun upon which thy w isdom has built thy fortune." *""^. You'lg man." sa-;d Omar, "it is of little use to fo.m plans of life. When I took my f^rA survey of the world in n)y twvntiJlh year, having considcrixl the various conditions of mankind, in an hour of solitude, 1 said thus to myself, leaning against a cedar, which spread its branches over my head : ' Seventy years are allowed to man : I have yet fifty remau.i:.g. Ten years I will allot to the attainment of knowledge, and ten I will pass in foreign countries ; I shall be learned, and therefore shall be honoured ; every ciiy will shout at my ar- rival and every stndont solicit my friendship. , 'i'wenty yeot^ thus passed, will store nry mind with images, which 1 shall be busy, through the rest of my life, ia combining and comparing. I shall revel in inexhaustible accumulations of intellectual riches; L shall find ne>v plea.ur« for every moment; and shall never more be ^eary of myself. 1 will not. however, deviate too far from the beatsn track of life, but will try what can be found in female delicacy. I will marry a wife beautiful as the Houries, and wise as Zobeide ; with her I will live twenty years within the suburbs of Bagdat, in every pWasure that wealth caa purchase, and fancy can lu- rent 1 then will retire lo a rural dwelling ; pass my d.ys in • obscurity and contemplation; and he silently down on the bed of deMh. Through my life it shall be my «Pt.V^ resolution, that Iwill never depend upon tliesmile of princes ; that I will never, stand exposed to llie artifice, of courts-; I wd never put for public honours, nor disturb my quiet with the alTairs of stale.' Such was the scheme of hfe, ^vhich I impv.ssed '"'^'i'll^ Ja:;u::;:rm?ensuing time was lo be spent in search of knowledge, and Tknow not how-l was diverted from mv design. ' I had no visible impediments without, nor any uugovernabW passions within.- I regarded knowledge as the higlresl honour, and the most engaging pleasure ; yet day stole uponday, and month ^•lled after month, till I found that seven years of the first ten had vanished, and leK nothing belm.d th m. I Iw postponed my purpose of travelling ; for why shou'^ 1 go ab«,ad when «o much remained - Jj;* --^ at hoL? I immuLI myself for four years, and studied the laws of the emp.e. 1 ^^7^;^^ t' ^ f. ,he iud.es • 1 was found able to speak upon doubtful questions ; and was commandcKl to stand at the foo - lo. oflhJ calif. I was heard wi^ atteutioa ; 1 was consulted with confidence , and tie love of prai. fus- *^"'^A%"ll S«l to ,1^ distant countries ;lUtened with rapture 10 the relations of travellers ; and resolved some time :i :^y disnnssion, Uiat I might feast loy soul with novelty : but my ^^^ ^^^^^ sary ; and tl. stream of business hurried me along. Sometimes I .as afraid l.t I should be charged with hold on ;h:?ei;lyye:in;ypLr,a.idUem,-..lfin domestic pl.^^^^^^ finds a woman beLliful as the Houries, and wise as Zobeide.- I "•'1-ed and .,. te^^^^^^^^^^^ ated tiU the sixty-second year made mo ashamed of wishmg 10. parry. I nad .ov .mtbng let. but r.l and for retirement I never found a lime, till disease forced me from publie employment. -Such was my scheme, and such has been its consoqi^oce.. Wub^i- uisat.able th rst f- l^-^'^^'j trifled away the yeJs erf ,mprove.n«i..; Vilha restless desire of seeing diOb^nt countries,! have alwa^^^ „te aJciiy wi.blheSig t expectation of connubial felicity, I have lived ..married ; and w.ib u abb resolution; of contetnplative retirement, I am going to die w.ihm the walU of Bagdat. — .«. /»; <]( MlOtPM 1 i,H tlip d S'nii ^-. If b: «. If > S. If J 1. rr f- 3. ir 3. If ■S/iij 1. If k.* e. If 1 ifi tS o 1. Ifi .2 tS' Uw ^ii. Ifv( i: 9 c .I ^ u m o ». f- i. FIRST PK Sint i Jfom. I, ■ I i'»M. mv 01 ! Olij. me. Plu we, nur or us. When Ihf !»wd indifier I Noni J Pou. i06j. One, other ■« ''>'"r,leiier,n« an.inble._/»j TliP fiivoiif oftlire* i, tlie lxMiudictiuii5 uf np; ill fiifl ; tlip fra« I (MirU ol" bf.iiity lell i to tilt) calif tliu ki-yii tlie uotiVLTMi uf tlie ngnr to cnlHi the dic- •L-roy of F.i;yi>',B»i<'i'- wit, and lovfdiiiit do- wisdom i* known to ifh thou liiis-t pHined t of thy conduct, and ny fif!"*. Btirvey of the Biir of solitude, 1 caid ly years are allowed 'It'dgn, nnd ten I will will shout at my ar- y mind with images, revel in inexhaustible 1 shall never more be will try what can be )eide; with her I will se, and fancy can iu- ition ; and lie silently ill never di"|)end upon I never p:inl for public life, which I impiwflsed know not how } was e passions within.- I < upon day, and month liing behind them. I emained to ba luamed ine of my skill reached to stand at the foof- llu love of praise fas- jvellers ; and resolved nee was always neces. louldbe charged with rriage. thought it best to lay t fifty no man easily consulted and delibcr- ing left but retiement : thirst for knowledge, I , I have always resided id ; and with unalter- lat."— — DR. JOHNSON. I . nn^MMAT? SrMPTJFIED. MOOD IS the imiimer of representing action or being. The Sufymcthe Mood expresses aclion or being i„ a doubtful or conditional manner. II dcnoii"" P"'M'nt lime. is tlic division of lime. Singular number, h If I lnr>, tJ 8. If llioii In? e, >3. If Ipp Io»p. J Phnal. g I. If n>« Inrit, fZ !?. U \r or jou love, 3. If lliry Iiive, Sli>sule or Villi helnved. r-^. If (hfv lie Invert. :'mliistir """•'"'"•i:';r:i..!'::;:'. 'r- ^"'•■"'"!^^ •-' .i"'e.h,„u.„oie.i:trum; KVh\>. I. TheiiominBiivcraiegov erni the verb. nVLV. T. Parilclpleibnvr th» e or yiiu loved. If Ihey loved. ^in^ulur number. If I Imd, Ifllioii hadsl. If be bod. Plural. If w* had, If ve or vou bod, If iliey had. Singular number. If I were. If Ihiiii wert. If b» were. Plural. If we were. If ye or yon were, If lUey were. Singular number. I' I were loved. If llioii werl loved. If he were loved. Plural. If we were loveil. If ye or yno were loved, If (hey were loved, iiilMo finvey« nn allu- ns piior In snine otiierj !»io(i to I 111- pri'-ieiit. SIniriiliir number. If I hiive* luvi'd, If lliiiii hilt loved, if lie has loved. plural. If we hdve Inved, If ye , ' joii ' !iv» loved, If Chej I'nve loved. Sin-rular number. If I lievehnd. If lliou liD'l hud. If lie bat had. /".'iiral. If we have had. If ye or yoii have bad, If Ihey biive had, Slmruhir number. If 1 have been, f ihoo hnil been. If be has been. Plural. If we have been, Ifje iir ynii have been. If Ihey have bei p. Si'nsriilar number. If I have been loved. If ilioii bH>t been loved. If be baa been loved. Plural, If We have heen Inved, If yeuryouhavebeen loved If Ihev linve been lovfd. HULB 8. The verb musi n^re* with Mi Doniinaiive in number and per.-nn, RULE 8. Prepoiiiloni govern the nbjeciive caie RtLh. ;i. Ariiclea and idjecilveH belong lonoiini, which tbc^ quality or define, RULE g. Neuter ver'oi have thi e or villi had hnd, I If Ihey bud bad. i Siniriilar number. 1 1' I had b"i-n, Ifihou hndii been, I If he bad heen. Plural, If we bad been, If ye or you hud been. If Ihey had been. Singular number. If I had been loved, I'lhou h d*i been loved. If be had been loved. Plural. If we hod been love.!. Ifyeor you ,„id been loved 'f they hart been loved. ^^Inffular number. If I •liallof will love, If ihoii '.h^li or will love If he (hall or will love. Plural. If we ilirill or will love. If yunr yiuKhall (r wllHovi if (hey ihall or will Uive Singular number. If I *hall or will have, llf llioii shall or wlh have. If lie shall or will have. Plural, If ne «liiil| np «I1I h»ve. If >!• <)<■ y.iM aliall •, will liii VI Iflbey tlK.ll or will h.ve SicontI I'ldiirt Ten.ir Iciuiii'!* riiiurc ilmi', l)ut ax piior 111 tniiie other lutiii-H linii'spccitii'd, Singular number, iriiillliav.'lovi'd Cloved If Ihou >h:ill DP wil' hnve Ifha ilialUi' will have luved. Plural. If we liall or will be. If than aliall or will be, If be kbnilnr will be, Plural. Ifw* nhnll or will be, Ifyr or youaltiill or wilt be. If ihry 'hall or will be. RULE. 14. j RULE 15. ronjunctlon. connect noon. A noun or pronoun Joined and proilouni. in Ihe .aoic "'ih a imrtirlple. nnd ,u"il cate*alon. i> gov. erned by the noun it poa. sesMia, RULE 18. A verb in ihe inflnliive mood, nu.y be governed by a verb, noun, adj?ciive, or purlicipla. Singular number. ,If I kliall or will he loved, Iftlmu chilli or wilt be loved, III be bhalUrwillbc loved Plural. Ilfweahnll or will be Inved. Ifyeor you ahnllor wilt be lov.d. If ihey.linllorwill he lovetl 'IRST PERaoit, Sing. f^om. I, * Po'i. mv or mine, I Obj. me. J Pitt. I Nom, we, I I'oi*. nurvr oura, I OiJ, us. DtcfensioH of the personal Pronouns. SECOND PERSOn af. HULK 5. Adverbs qualify verba, parliriplea, nrtjec>ives,and other adverba, RULE II. Two or more nnuna alj;. nifyihu Iha same thine, are put, by apposition, in tiie aame rnae, RULE 17. A verb In the innnilive mood abtoliite, sinnds ln> dependent of Ihereinninin;: part of the aeoience. Singular number. If I .la.n liiive had, Iflhouslialior wlluiavebad. If he»hull(ip wilihuvehad. Plural irweshnllhivi' li.irt. [had, llyi'.irynuil.iillorwlllliHVa II ilK'y vhall or willharahad Singular number. If Ishalllinvebeen. (been. If Ihoii aha It or wilt liava ■ fheaball er will havs been, plural. Ifwe«h«llii,iveliecn, [been, iryeor yniisli ill or will hove II ikey tliall or will have beea Singpilar number. If I fliall have been loved. If Ihou ihall or will have keeu loved, [loved. ■ the iball or will haw bean Plural. If we iball have been Inved, Ifyeor you ihall apwillliava hein lovcrt, (loved. irthry ihall or will have b«ea RULE 6, , Active verbs govern tL« objective ca>e. RULE 19, When an addreai Is madt to a pernoii, the noun or pronoon ia put In the no- minalire caaeiodepeodent. RULE 18, The verb! which follawMd, f/ore, /tfj, Afar, Irt .make. l'i"«(,»«,Ac. are Hied In ibe inflnliive oinort withnnt bav- \ing ibeai(ii (opreOiod to lb«B P>iu. OhJ. ih'Ui ih; or thine, III e. Plu. yv or yon, your oryuura, you, TIIRD PBRtOIf Sini. Vain, be, Poif. hia, (ihj, bim, ftu. Ifom, they, foji. their or Ihelis, THIRD PHRsoN. A'lai'. Yom. »he, f oij. her or berf, 06j- her. Plu. JVom, tl.ey, ^uj., tlieir or iheira, O'l.i. them. JVoaa Pun, Obj, Nom Pol$. Ob) THIRD PBR90N. Sing. I'. ila, it. Plu, the,. their or theirs, Ihem One oibee -, n,h. ^ ^* ^^^^ of the prle brought death." H^Ao seAoie. and wAom, are ap- plied to pe^ona, and kAicA to thinca v brutes. That, !S Sj-.j)!i?,i both i; prracBS and trio,;*. Wlieu lijc yvord ei'«r or (sever ia annexed to lelativea, Ihey are. lOme. imek, called compound relatinea. Declenshn oj Noums. ainf. Plu. ai«f. Plu, Nom. » ng Jrom. kin^i I \-m,. man A'oai. mea »i«. kliif. Olo. kiugt. I OiJ. man. Oy. man. r. 19 PARKING LESSON 3. n T a Ibirefure we may Irust liini, l^ro T nd n pro ▼ It mint be •<>} Plato, tbou rcusoa- ad eil well, pro ad T ar YTe could not aceoinpUsb llie D P' * knsinesa ii> lime. pro ▼ pro n pro It will luy direclion lie diould V sabinit. n T a « pro ▼ c Amanda was ill, but I ihougbt'ht y ■giCbtlWe. pro a pr n ' Can we, nntouclied by gratitude, T ar II pr n pro ar view theprofiHlonof (;ooil, which the a n T pr pro Alnii{hi; hand be«!ows around us i pro T iir n pr We c. ii resist ibe allurementi of n vice, jro y V* J may have miiinnderslond him. ar a v ar The man might have finished tba n ail c pro ad wiirksouner, but be could Dot have V pro ad dune It belter. pro ¥ pro a u c pr" 1 gave him good advire, but be ad V pr pro would not hearken tu it. pro * They mic;ht have been hoDnured. ar n pro ad ▼ The man, whoiifuiihfullvailai-li- GRAMMAR SIMPLIFIED. PARSING LESSON 7. pr att pr XOTIIINO PURMEO IN VAIN. Let no presuming impious railer tax Great' i wisdom ; as if aiiglit was t'orm'd In vain, or not for adi lirable ends. Sliail little haughty ignorance pronounce His works unwise, cl' which the smallest part Exceeds the nuirow vision of hwr mind ? As if, upon a full-proportioii'd dome, On swelling columns heav'd, the pride of art 1 A critic-flv, whose feeble ray scarce spreadi An inch around, with bligd presumption bold, Should dare to tax the siruclnre of tiie whole. And iiviM the man, whos"^* universal eye Has swept at onceth' unbounded scheme cf things, Alark'd their de])eni!ence so, and firm accord, .Vs with unfault'ring accent to conclude, That this avuileth nonglit i Has any seen The niighly chain of beings, lejs'ning down From infuiiie perleciion, to the brink (.)f dreary nothing, desolate abyss ! From winch ostonish'd thought, recoiling, turns .' Till thc.i aloi>e let zealous praise ascend, And hymns of holy wonder, to that powF.n, AVhose wisdom shines as lovely in our minds, As on our smiling eyes his servant sun. YHOMIOM. PARSING LESSON 8. PROVIDENCE VINDICATUD IN THE PRESENT STATE OP MAV. ed 10 religion, may be relied on witb a n umble confidence, a 11 n This author's sentiments must be V pr pro n_, ■ litiikuu by his critic, pri» n Thou^nnJs, whom indulenee has y pr a i> sunk into contemptible oh=curliy, V ad pr II .tight bave come forward lu useful. c n c n »d Bcss nnd honour, if idltmes? had not V or n pr A pro frustrated the effeeu ol all their n powers, pro V pa t pr ar We may rest assured, that by the «. n pr 11 pro sienJy j)ur»ult of virtue we shall T c V pro obtain and enjoy ii, ar n T •' Tlt« physician may admiuister tlie n, c II ">' mediciiif ,. but Providcace aloue can V prj bless it. pa pro pr a- llavini^ npoied iiitn^clf in dlirfFf nt I, pro y lira ^ n , cltmos, he may have lost his health. ar II .1 tlie lohohir's diligen«e muit 8e« V »r II " cii,re th* tutor's appmlialion. pro pii a ar n She bsinjt ab*fn.t, the buiinesi wa» jt ad pr- » attenii* to by utiK-fs. Heav'n from all creatures hides the book of fate," All but the page prescrib'd, their presetit state ; From brutes what men, from men what spirits know, Or who could suffer being here LjIow ? The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. Had he thy reason, would be skip and play ? Pleas'd to the last, ho crops the flow'ry food. And licks the liand just rais'd to shed his blood» Oh, blindness to the future ! kindly given. That each may till the circle mark'd by Ueav'n j , Who sees with ciqtial eye, as God of all, A hero perish, or a sparrow fall ; Atoms or systems into ruin hiirl'd, And now a bubble burst, nnd now a world. Hope humbly then ; with trembling pinions soar Wait tlKJ groat teacher death ; and Good adore. What future bliss, he gives not thee to know, But gives that hope to be thy blessing now. Hope springs eternal in the human breast : M;wi never is, but always to be blest : The soul, uneasy and cotifin'd from home, Rests and expatiates in a life to come. Lo, the poor Indian ! whose iintulor'd niinil Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind ; His soul proud science never taught to strajf Far as the Solar Walk or Milky Way ; Yat simple nature to his liope has giv'n. Behind the cloud-topt hill, an humbler heav'n ; Soitie safer world in depth of woods einbrac'd, Some happier isbtid in the wat'ry waste ; i Where slaves once more their native land behold. No fiends toriiioivl, no Christians thirst for gold, To BE, cimtents liis natural dtaire ; He ask no angel's wing, no seraph's fire ; But thinks, admitted to diat equal sky. His faiihfid dog shall bear liim coitipany. Go, wiser thou ! and in thy scale of setisc, Weii^h ihy opinion against Providence ; Call imperroction what thou fanciest such. Say here he gives to little, there too much. In pride, in reas'iiing pride, our error lies ; All quit their sphero.and rush into skiet. Pride still is ainung at the blest abodes. Men would be angels, angels would be gods. Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell. Aspiring to be angels, men rebel ; And who but wishes to invert the laws Of oiiuKB, sins against th' btkrnal cause. eoBa> PARSING LESSON 9. ISS BETWEEN AOAM AND EVE, BETIllINO TO BEST. Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. Silence accompanied ; for beast and bird. They to their grassy couch, these to their nests. Were slunk ; all but the wakeful iiightingal* j She all night long her am'rous descant sung : Silence was pleas'd. Now glow'd the firmament With living sapphitt'S : Hesperus, that led The starry host, rode brightesl, till the moon^ llising in clouduil majotty, at lenglli,. Si. V, oif V H 3 T 1 U9 descnnt sung : glow'd the firinainent i|)oru!<, that led ?9i, till the moon^ a lenglli,. GRAMMAR SIMPLIFIED. MOOD is the manner of represeiitinij action or beingf. The Polcntial Mood declares the power, liberty, possibility, or necessity, of iicli-m or being. 1^ Present Tense denoted pretiei)t tune. TKN8E is the division of time. fiinifutar number, 1. [ miiy, cun, or miisi ^ lose, [love, Imperfect Tense Perfect Tense luMiotes past time how- jver diiftant. singular number, I miuhi, I'oiild, would, or fchnuld Igve, ► 2. Tlinii mtyKt, c. or inJTIioii miglut, c. w. ory.lnvc ^ X, H^-iuay. nr m. lute, lie luiglK, r, w, or k. lovPt Plural. { Plurnl. 9 I. We inuy, can, or niu«l|VV8 might, could, would, or lOTP, [li>Vl' 8. Ye or yon m. c, or m. should lovp, Yeoryoutn.c. w.of », luve riiey in c. w. or », |i)ve. SingUMr iiumfier, Sinsular number . I. I may, •••uii. or mu>l I miglil ould, woiild, or havf, [have,! j|,,,uld liuve »3 2. Thou maysl, c. or m, riioomi^ht«l,i'.w.or».havf ■; a. lie m-iV. c. 0( in.hav*. He miglil,c, w, or s, hate Plural. I, We miy. cii". or mu>l hii»e. [Iiiivc, 8. Ye or you m. corm flural. WemiglM, could, would, or »liouUI have, Yc or you in. c. w. or«.ha»e, 3. I hey in, c.^r m, bavr.'ruey m, c. n. or ■, hate, Singular num'e I. I niu), can, or mu'l he, Singular number^ i|,g |[ mighi, cou.d, Hijuld,or j 8. Thou mnyi-l, c or m. a Klmuld be, Fbou mighisi, c. w , ors. bi>, He migut, c w. or a be. Plural. We miglit, coutd, would, oi t>b< ud be, or m. bf," or yuu ni c. w. or s. be I'uey m. e. w. or •. be. He m\v '•• or in. be, PI u ral. iU I. We may, can, or inu-i ^ be. lb.', 8. Y"- or ynu ro. c, or 3 lliey_ ifingui.n itumbcr, I. I niiiy, can, or inusi' Slntular number be loved, [be lovi d, I mlghi, could, would, or * 8. Thou niajsi c or m. «h,iuld be loved, (loved, 5; 3. He ii> conn belineillTluni nitgiitsi,c w.or*.be He inighl,c.w. or s. >e loved Pltirai. >Ve m. c. w. or s. be loved, Veoryou m, c. w. or 8, be J Plural. „ [loved n 1. VVe miiy,c. or in. he, o 8 Yc or you m. c. or m H be loved, [loved .? Timi c m. or in. be loved, I'lieyin.c w, or «, be loved HULK I. The noininalive ciu« (overus the verb, RULK 7. Partlciplet have the same Itovernmenl, ns (be verbs have, from which ihey are deiived. RULE IS. Pronouns must agree Willi iheir anieceileniii, or the nouns ihey repmenl, Id gender and number. RULK i. The verb must agree with lis noinindiivt) lu number and per.un, HULKS. PrepiiBiiion!. govern the olijeciive ca«e. nui.E u. Conjuncilons connect noun^ and pronoun* in Ihe "Bine case, aHd, generally, verbs of Ihe like moiidt iind lennes. lenoiea past time, bill also conveys an allu- iioii to the present. Siagnlar number. I may, can, or must hnvel loved, [liivedJ fhou nityit, Ci or in. have He inay,c.orni, have loved, PluraU We may, c. or lu. have loved jVe or you m, c, or ni, have lovcd. They m, c. orm, have loved Siit^ulur' number, Imay.c.in.or Miusihiivehart T'lOii im\y«i, canat, or mux liave hud, (hart, He may, Cun, or muit havi Plural, We may, can, or must have had, [have liad, Veoryou mny, can.onnusi ruey m, cor at. nave bad, Singular number, I may, can, or must have been, [been fhuu m.iyst, c, or m,ha' He may, c. or m. have been. Plural, We mny,r or m, iiav • hee. Ye or jou m. c. or m, bavt been, rhey m, c. or m. have been, Simular number, [loved, 1 inay.ron, or aiu-thave beep I'liou ninysi, c. or ni. havt been loved, [loved He mtty,c. orm. havebi-eii Plural [loved. We may,c. orm. have heei: Ye or JOU m. e. or ni. have bi-en loved, [lined. f "ey ni. c. or m. iinve b-- n "~ kULfc. 3. Artloloi and adjeclives belong lu nouns, which ihey quilify or drliue, llULi; 'J. Neuter verbs have the same case after lu before I hem. Pluperfect Tense deiiotu?! past time, but as prior to some other p.tst time spucitied, singular num'ier. I mi'lit, could, would, or should have loved, [loved rhoumight«l,c, w.or.,bave He in, c. w. or •• have luved. Plural. Wero, r, w,or< have love Yeor )ouin,c.w. on. have loved, [luved, I'he) in- Ci w, or ». have. Singulur number. ( mij;hl, could, would, or hh'iuld have ^ad, (liad Thuu iiti^'litst c. w, or s. h.-ivo, lltiintolit, c. w.orn. Iiave Imil Plural. Wem, c. w,or s. h.-ive hud, Veoryuum.c, w.om, have had, i'ii*j> ID, Ci w. or I. have bad 8ingt,...r number, I might, could, would, or iiul.l have been, (been u iuighti)t OrW. orsi bave, . m-C'W.or s. have been. Plural, Wem. r, w. or 8 bavebeen. Year you m. c. w. or a. bnve been, (been, riicy m. c. w. or »■ have SinguUr nuntbrr, [loved, lini^hliC w.or -.liivehpcn ThutimrKlital,c. w or a. Imvc been loved, (Invi d, tlcniitiht.c.w or». have been PluraU (loved, ^Vem,c. w ors.hiiVB neen Vaforyou in- c. w. ora. hav« been loved, (lo%ed, Thty m.c.w.ar a. have lioeii first fiilure Tense denoted luture time. Second future Tense Ifiioiis future time, but as prior to some other future lime specifitKlj RULE 15. \ iloun or iiriittoon johicil with a )i(irtici(ile,aiid st.inil. lag intlcpcndiMit oi ttie rest d( tho ajiilL'itr.t*, is hi t)ie no. iniiiative case laJupendent. l{Ui.K 4. i Participles, like verb8,l relate to uouos or pii>- nouns. RULr, 10. A nnun or pronoun sig- nifying posneisi in, 18 gov- erned by the uoun it pos- seiaes , RULE la. A verb in the infinitim! nood, may be governed^ iiy a veiO, noun, adjec ive, or puiiiciplci RULK 5. RlLi, tj. Adverbs qualify verbs, Active verbs govern the participles, adjectives, and ubjeciive case, oihrr adterb'. RULE II Two ur more noun* sig. RULE 18, When an address Is ma4e nif)ing Ihe same iliiaK, areHO a person, Ihe noun or put, by nj>pusitt thtir or Obj. them. yV.)»i. P"SI. Obj, \om. Ilieirs, THIRD PBRSON. Siag. Mom, K. Pott, it', Ohj. il. Plu. .Von.. they. P".j. Iheir or the yy. them. UtcUnsion «/ the relative Pronouns. Singular and Plural, .Vom. who Pr brutes. rnal, s apyised bulh lo persnns and used Indlfferentij in tf-^ BomiauSiVf rt objrctivr cn?f, but hrivr no pnssrMivc. jllfn^'' Whrr. (iie w,.f.;i'-rfr or secrrf i, rtHllrScd iij A fist 0/ the pronominal Adjectives. ' rdaHve.,.lliey uir, sometimes, called to,«poaad rW- One, other, nnothrr, ench, every, either, neither, this, that, these, lliose, all, any, both, snniei Eiirh,jome, for- m»r, laiter, none. Of these, one and olha are declined the same us uuuds. AnoUm it declined, bat wButs thr their or Ibciri, morlal lasle brought death." H-'Ao, •jAoae, uud " |icAuni,ais applied lu perMina, nud w'lic'i, to things Declension of\N6un>st Comparison of Ad/eotives, sing, Plu. j Po»i"»*i»'"« Comparoffw, niner; SBptr/a/it«, wisest,— Poj. amiable » Cow. more amiable ( Sap. maslfo^'.'' kiD"g.' 04,"'^"*'' '■■■■'- Pof «hlf , Com. lea nble, Si;p. lensl able ' amiiihlp. kliiga. Sing, Ph. \om, man ffnm. me\\ Poit, tnaii^a PoMt. in Mi's Obj, man. O^;, liii-ii. <^l4l'w^^'id!'.Z^'''l^ilfu''n!', •''"••: ?'y'''«'''ll' "'■''•'''' '^•E"el^-.hvelb. ate prlnclimlly conjugated. Thoae which arc always «uxiij,fi«,, ,,, nuy t*v, mmt, ipUAl. WHO, wMilil, iA«K n pro V V pro good, he loves to do it. prT° a7* ''"" •dmired, avaLd him liitle. pro pa a y ^They being wMling (o Improve, the study was rendered nereeahle. r, " , » pro V compassion prompted us to relieve n n norman'a wants, ■y » n ad ft e A young man, so lenrn-d and vlr- ■ V V «r ad n luous. promise* to b« a very useful n pr B ' •nember of society. XT * " * • Neither threntningfi nor any pro- " V pro V ar mises could make bim violate the ■= • n T , Th"' .., bad men attempt to turn , " P' " pro » pro Virtue into rldieule. they honour it pr «r n pr pro n at the bottom of their hearts. '* pro V Sir Chnrlei, ore you prepared to » jx- a n •n«wer to these accusations? pro pn pr ar n «e, being loved bj the Dtikf, e». *. V c i ar peeled to be pardoned ; but ah I the n pr n delusions uf hopi.- I V pr ad To have I em censured by !-»JH« ° «r n a,VP<1. Compound Perfect. Hiviog luvdd. To have had. Participle. Perfect Hid Ctmpound Perfect. Hav ing hud. To have been. Participle. Perfect. Heeu. Compound Pel fed. Having been. ftuitiml lltlSf. 'lenofcs past time, but MS prior to some oilier past lime Hpeiivntljhtiame case after as before ihem. RULE 13. A noun or proiiouii joined witlta pnrticiple.ntul stari RULE 10. A noun or pronoun sig nifyin? possession, is gov erned by the nouu it pos •esses. RULE l«. A verb in the infinltivH RULF, 12. When nn ad.lres» is made . , •<"» person, the noun or put, li; apposition, m the pronoun Is put in the nom. »ame cp>B. jlnallve case ii.dcpeiideui. RULE 17. RULE 18. -.,„«i„„uu.,.,c,H,u.,w,m.i A I ., ^7''^'' '.""'^ '"""''''el ThoverbswhiclifoilowSM, ing inili;|i>.h,li.nt..f the rc«t ''"""°' '""* governed mood absnluie, stands in-, rfor-, ,/i-/, li.ar, lei, mnitc, lit (Uo sentence. Is in l)ie DO. ^ ""' " -■'■ - ■ ..... ...«.* .— *.. . minaiive case indeiieiidunt. It U 1,1. 5. Adverbs r,u«lify verbs,' Active verbs govern the arliciples, ailjectivcs.flnil objective case. lheradrerb<. 1 RULE II. Two or more nouns sig- nifj lii^ the same thing, iire t bv a veih, noun, adjec'dependenl of the rernain ,""'''.• •'fv*'^- "'« "'e.l in live, or participle. line part of the sentence. I'he.lnlinit.ve mo<,j. JriiB. THIRD PRRSON. SiBg, Nnm. he, P'iss, his, Ohj. Iiim. Plu. Sum. they, I'nsi, their or theirs, Obj. ihc:n. THIBD PKnsON. Sing. Nom. she, Posi. her or hers, O'j. her. Plu. Nnm. they, I'liss. their or theirs, THIRD PERSON. Sing. Nom. i>. Puss. it', Obj. it. P/«, Norh. they. ''osi. their or IhHri O'lj. (hem. OitJ. ihtm. «ied Mdiffl™ .. i .1 *" • '■''T""''''''""""^-"'' '•<"'"'/< "'!/"lf' itsilf, thimselues, &c. they are or brutes. T/iat. la-npplieJ both to persons «i* iieai„diff.re.,tl, intlieoominntiveornh.ernvecti.e,buthMveno posses-ivo, ,,| i,,,,. When the w.,rde.rr or ,oe„.r is annexed ti A itsl oj the jrronominnl Adjectives. .....:..- .1 ,. . . . •n"?'b„"e'^«n!;""'o7; .'"'■''■ "'">■•-'":•• "-"•"■'•,.m, men /*f».*-. IlltMl'S 10 P^nSIXG LESSON 5. Vro a V ar a pr jiro jl> «(in, lii"nr llif ci iiDlti if 'l,y n c V Hd ar a pr pro falher,iiDd forbuke uut the low of thy n inoii.er. pr pro a n v a In yuur whole bchnvuMir, he hum- c a G pr pro ii ble and nbti)(ing ; uiid in )ur mind lhi< 'Ucred » V pr u c pro v rule ; '* Do unin oilieii^ a* ya wi»b e pro V pr pro that ihi y should ().■ mi'n you." n V pro V pro v Hi'nrj , lei ine bi ui you read. V a n pr ar L«t Du complinnce niib the im- a n pr a ad . moderate mirlli if oibeis, ever be- V pro pr n n trsy you uMo urofnne sullies. * V pr a a c a Be»areiif 'ho^e insh nnd dangerous n pro ad conn, xl'ins Hliich aflemaid may V pro pr n load yiMi niib rti''liiin"ur, V ar 11 pr n To correct llie spirit if disronient, T pro V ad a pro v lei U!. con.i'ider tiiiv% liitle we deterve, c ad a pro v and how mucli we njoy. ad pro V an When y., Draw, Drive, Drink, Divell, Eat, Full, Feed, Ftel, Fight, Find, Fl.'e, Fling, Fly. F.rg.t, torsaie, Fre(?<', Gel, Gild, Gird, Give, G,., Grave, Grind, Grow, Gave, Hang, Hear, Hew, Hide, Hit, Hold, Hurl, Keep, Knit, KiinW| L litic, Lay, Lend, Leave, Lend, Lei, Lie, to lit iomn. Load , Lose, Make, Meet, Iinperrcrt. abode nai, arose, a'<'oke, R. b'lre, i>r bare, bore, beat, began, bent, bi-refl. R, besiiii(.|ii, bill, or bade, boiiud, bit, bled, blew, B, broke, bred, broughli buili, hllTi'. , bought, casi, caiighl, R. rhid, ch"v», I've ihou, or ilo iS tbuu luve, > »3 Plural. o 8. LoNe, lovf ye or jnii t^ or do) for )ou lu»c. Singular mimher. .i, Hti*«i Imvf tiiiiu, or V-' do iliiiu liuvtt > 53 Plural. Pi. IlBve,liB*<- )for jou, " or do jr or jou liuve. Singular number, _. i. lie. be Ihou, or du M lliuu be. Vhiral. 2, Be, I'e >e or yoti.er do ye or v^'U be Singular number. .8, Heloved, be ll'i'ii li'V g ed, or du thuu be loved. o Plural. "9. Be loved, beyeorynii jO lovi'd, or dii ye or ^ you he Icivd Imperfect Tense liMiolcs past time hoW' 'VLT distant. Prrfeet Tense 'denotes past timo, but also convey.s an allusion to the present. Pf II per feet Tense denoti-' past time, but us prior to "oirio other past tiiTi« spceiiied. RULK 1. Tlienuini alive cascgov ercb (be verb. RULE 1. Participles have th' «nmc jtovernmBiii, as (be verbs have, from which Ibry are derived. RX)LR 13. Pronounsinii^ti'ereewith their antecidirs or ti' D' um Ihej reiieseiit, m gender and number. ri;lr 2, The verb mu«i iij;ree wit' ili> nnmina ive in iiumbei and perji'ii, RIJLK 8 Prepmlfions govera the bjrciive caie RULE \i. Conjunction* cojinect noun* ''nd pron.iiin- in llie siim cn>e, and, jenerHlly. vrb 'f the like monds indtense^ First future Tense denotes I'utuic time. S< cotid future Tern ^ daioti'S future time, but ns prior to some other future time specified, KULI 3. ■'ride* and adji-ciivc!. belonf^ lonoun*, v»li'icbtlie) qualify or dffi e. RULi; 9 Neuter vi-rb- ijnve th> t of tiie rest 'f till? 1P1 U'licc, ;« ill the lominativecaaeindppendcul. ri;li; 4. Piirliciplm, like ?erb-. relaie to nouns or pro 11UU119, RULE 10, A noun or pronoun f\fi. iifyiii); po«..e<8ion. is gi-». erned by liie noun it pos- -esses, RULE 18, A verb in the iufiniiive mood, may b« governed by a verb, nouD, udjeciive, oi iirlicipk FIRST rE1t»0N. Sing. line, Kom. I'liis, mv or OhJ, me. Pin. Tfom. we, I'ms, our or ours, ObJ, u% Declension ~orTheJ)'e> sonal Pronouns. SECOND PERS(N. TftIRD PERSuN. Siiff. Sing. Ihou, v,m. he, thy or thine,' />(,.» bis, ""■••• •>*;, him. Plu. pt^, year yon, Vom, ihey, your or yours, /'<„«. tlieii or theiri, >""• Dbj. iiie.o _. RUbl 5 I RULE 6 Adverbs qiLili'v verb* | Active vih» gorern t*e pnriiciiiles, artJHciive«,andj,.bJBnll»e case. other adverb" RULE Tw" or more nouns sij RtlLF. 12. When an address i> made nifyi i» ihf siiine thine. |i|>reilied to then V/.m. Obj. Vom Pi>«t. Obj THrnO PKRsON. SInj. font, file, P«s«. her or hers, Obj, her. Piu, \om, thny, P.iis. llieir or theirs, Obj. them. THIRD PERSON. Sing. Vom, ii. Pom, its, Obi. 11, Plu. Nim. they, Pom, (heir or theirs, Obi. them. Decltlisntii of the Sini'ular and Plural rttaiivi Ptonouns. Fntt. whose, Vfiis, wh- spver,. Pom. wbuscsoever, "*;'. whom, fibi^ wboincrer. '"?t wbuinioevepi „:, - '• • "".(• >"rm. uoi. mem, ■•. ir oii.,i|.ui uruui,- rrao toAoie.and n/iom, are an- ed iTdlff:re"T :f t!;:"ll^1.!?,'.''7;T;r.L'''"""''""- ■". *'•»"•'/. -r"'/. ««'/. //.^™.Wr«. &c. ,hey ar. r^'X'rC-"^'^^'-*-*"' '''•''''-"•'*"'.■"?•''''''.' ^*"' -.-.!, .11 J! 1....I. t.r ,.„j^cttTc lit c, fain iiav,' ti.i ,.s-.s..ve, i-nriL.r.T ..r„n !.. ,.. .- itmi tiings, trncii toe Wui* A'om, who, .Vom. wliopver, JVotn. whosover, . — -^., Which, what, and that are oi boih numbers, and lire used in (lie nominative or objective cnse, bul have no possessive ; eirepi thai «Ao«e is sou.eliniej used an Me possessive of irAicft ; »s, " The (rre irAoje mortal Ml te broujiht deuiu," Who toAoie.and ii,/,o,;i, are ap- plird to per.i.n*, and aAic/i m ihincsor biui»«. TA,/ eye' oi soriicr i« annexed to lelativeit, Ihey are, S0!ne> limes, called compound relatives. ised indlHeremiy !D the ==:i,i«,iv ,.r ,>!y.et,*e r« c, fa„t iiav. , »e, - ,^ -^ list of the immominal Adjectives. p ,. Lompanson of Adjectives. Dectensim oj Noums. Sins- Ptu. Sftm. king Som. kinjfs P«<>. kinic's Voai, kings Hbj. king. Obj. kinga, Sing Nnm. man Poxi. man's Obj, man. Plu, Som men Pnit. nien*ii Obj. men. 18 GRAMMAR SIMPLIFIED. M "SI:! (hew. Present. Mow, rny, Ri-ail, ni-iid. Kid, nktr, King, RiH^, Kivp, Klin, S.iw, Say, Sc«, Seek, Sell, SenJ, Set, SImke, Shape, 8lmve, fliienr, Shed, Shioe, Show, or Shoe, Shot, Shrink, Shred, Shut, Sine, Siuk, Sit, Slay, Sleep, Slide, Sling, Slink, Sill, Smite, Sow, Speak, Speed, Spend, Spill, Spin, Spit, Split, Spread, Spring, Stand, SiFHl, jiilek, Slinst, Stink, Stride, Strike, Siring, Strive, Show, or slrew. Swear, Sweat, Swell, Swim, «wiiig. Take, Teach, Tear, Tell, Think, Throw, Tlirust, Tread, "Wax, W^nr, "Weave, Weep, Win, Wind, Work, Wring, Write, Imperfect. Perfect PartidpU. mowed. mown. R. paid. piiidi put. put. read, rend. r«nt| rent. tu. rid. rode. rode, or ridden. t rang;, or rang. rung. rpse. risen. rived, riven. ran, run. MW6d. sawn. R. •aid. said. IflW, seen •ought. sought. •old, sold. lent, sent. «ef. set. shohk. shaken. shaped. shaped, or sbapen. •haved. shaven. R. theareii, shorn, tihed. shed. •hone, n. shaiir, R. •howed, or shewed, shown, or shewn. shod. shi>d. shot. shot. thriink, shrunk. ihred. shred. that. shut. tniig, or sang. sung. sunk, or unnk, sunk. sat, or tate, sat. slew. slain. slept. slept. slid, slidden. slung. slung. slunk. •lunk. slit, R. slit H. smote. smiiten. sowed. sown. H, spoke, or spake, spoken. sped. sped. spent. spent. spilt, R. split, R. spun. spun. spii, or spat, spit, or spllten.* split. split. spread. spread. sprang or sprang. sprung. stood. stood. stole. stolen. s'.uck. Slunk. slung. Slung. iiuuk. stunk. sfrorie,or strid, itridden. struck. ■trurk, or strick«D. strung. strung. strove, striven. •trowed, or strewed. strnwn, s(r.oned,9r swore, or sware, sworn. BWet, R. swel, R. swelled. swollen. R. swum, or swam, Ewnm. swung. swung. look. taken. taught. taught. tore, torn. told, told. Ihi'u-.M, thought. threw. thrown. thrust. thrust. trix). trodden. WHxedj waxen. R. wjrc. worn. wove. Woven; wept. W«vt. won_, WMund, Weill. wound. winked, or wronght. worked, orwrougbt, wrung, •wrung. wrote. written. [ed Those verbs which are conjugated regularly, ai well it irregularly, are mark, ed with an R. Those verbs lindpariiciple.^ which are the fir terminaled by t Instead of ti, are But inserted. t)f this class are such a* learnt, ipelt, lalchi, ftc. the use of which teriDinaiion shnol'l be carefiilly avoided In e>ery »<,ri I'f cnnipo.'-iiion, and even in j,riinMi'Cialion. These however mult be carefull\ distintruished Irom those uec'ssarj and allows able en iradictions, which are the only esiablislied forms nf eipre-siiin t such at dicfU, lost, fell, ^c, Wi>rds that are obsolete have also been omitted ; such ai hoifjen. biifdin,gat swang^ Sue ■ Defectiut verbs ate those which are used only in some of the moodi and tense-. The principal of the defeciive verbs are the fulluning. Prcscut. Can, May, Shall, Will, Must, Ought, Imperfect Could, nii(tht, should, would, mul ob-niete in prn. halli dnne this iliini;«" My muster tcullith no will" it with me in the house." It Is used in ilie prf^eni and past lenses only. fVht, nieanii^g to think or jmogine, i seldom met wiih, but in the' early Kn- glish writers, and in Hie English bihie ; as. " fViat ye not that 1 must be about my F.ilher's business." In most ianuuages there are some verbs which nre defective with respect la person.-. They are used onlj in the third |er>on, bicau-e the> ti'fi^r to a >ub' Ject peciil'Urly appropriate to that person ; as, I'i rains, it snows, H haili,it lighle ns, Si", Tile whole number of verbs in the Knj;lisli langimeB. regular nrd Irifoul.ir, simple and compounded, taken iot;ellier, is abmit 43U(». The iinmher if irrinu- lar verbs, ihc deleciive inclu'led, i- about 117. Sole —The wlnde rninbrr of words in the LngMsh language, is ub< ul fhiiiy-five ih.ii-and. The veib i« a primary part of ^-peech, and next to the noon is of the most Ira- porrnoce. Of the wh le cln>s of wor Is ii it by far tiie most comple x. Verbs are so called fnnn theH^iitin wird uerium, whicu -igirilii'.s tt word and tbis name is given ihem bi way ol eminence. REMARKS ON THE f LUPSIS. Elipsifl, when applied to grammar, is llie elegant omission of some one part or parti ot'speei'li, in a si'iitence. The part of speech that is omitted, miirit be added in idea, either, to <;omplcte tlie sense, or to parse the sentence trammaiicaliy. To shun the unpleasant repetition of words, and to render the mode of expression as eleguit as possible, is the main design of tlie ellipsis. I'.hat this figure ttiay be ttsed with elegance, the s[)e.iker, or writer, •should be careful to shun all ambigiiiiy of expression. Wiienever the meaning is ob.-