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(SCOTLAND,) 4«^^.» •' .i ***, '^ TORONTO: CHARLES FLETCHER, 54 YONGE. STREET. ^ \856. ♦' ■» 9 ci[»lino; and particularly with every oue who arc groaning under the evila, and who are atrected with the grievances we have been complaining of, who are in their several spheres wrestling with the same. But in regard to the prevailing party in this Kstablished Church, who have now cast us out from ministerial communion with them, are carrying on a course of defec- tion from our Reformed and Covenanted principle!^, and particularly are suppressing ministerial freedom and faithfulness in testifying against the present backslidings of the Church, and inflicting censure on ministers for witnessing, by protestations or otherwise, against the same : Therefore we do, for these and many other weighty reasons, to be laid open in due time, protest that we are obliged to make a secession from tluni. and that we can have no mini.storial communion with them, till they sec their sins and mistakes and amend them : And, in like manner we protest, that it shall bo lawful and warrantable for us to exercise the keys of doctrine, discipline, and government, according to the Word of God, and Confession of Faith, and the principles and constitution of the Covenanted Church of Scotland, as if no such censure had been passed upon ns. Upon all which we take instru- ments : and we hereby appeal to the first free, faithful, and reforming Gen- eral Assembly of the Church of Scotland." Immediately thereafter, these four brethren, on Glh Deccniber 1733, formed themselves into a Presbytery at Gairney Bridge, near Kinross, but resolved not to proceed to acts of jurisdiction till it should be seen whether the Church courts of the Establishment would return to their duty. Some indications were given in 1734, of a disposition on the part of the General Assembly to retrace its steps, one of which was to empower the Synod to restore the four ministers to the communion of the Church and to their respective charges. But these appearances soon proved to be delusory, and in December 1736, the seceding brethren resolved to proceed to the full exercise of the powers with which they held themselves invested by the Head of the Church. In 1737 and 1738 they were joined by other four ministers,— Ralph Erskine of Dunfermline, Thomas Mair of Orwell, Thomas Nairn of Abbotshall, and James Thomson of Burntisland. These eight were soon afterwards libelled before the General Assembly, at whose bar they appeared as a Presbytery, and read a paper embodying the grounds of their secession, and declining the authority, power, and jurisdiction of the National Church, — in consequence of which, in the following year, a sen- tence was pronounced upon them, deposing them from the office of the holy ministry, and finally casting them out of the CI. -'I'-h. The blessing of God, however, rested in no smax. measure on the new de- nomination. Its numbers rapidly increased, and relief was widely extended to those who felt the oppressions of the National Church. But in 1747, in consequence of a division of sentiment respecting the religious dauee in some burgcss-oaths, the Secession was divided into two branches, the ono of which came to be known by the name of the General Associate or Anti- burgher Synod, and the other as the Associate or Burgher Synod. In this divided state, the Secession continued for more than seventy years ; but the burgess-oath, which gave rise to the division, having been abolished, identity of principle, mutual confidence, and growing affection oh both Bide«, speedily led to re-union. A basis of union having been prepared and ap- proved by the two Synods, these bodies met in the autumn of 1820, and formally adopted it, thus re-uniting the denominations under the designation of the United Secession Church. TUB BKMEF CHUBCH had its rise in 1 752. After the Secession of the four brethren who originated the Secession Church, the Assembly of the Church of Scotland, as has been ^■v already stated, gave some indiiations of a desire to reform, but there in reason to believe these were merely intended to mollify, and win i)iick the Seceders. The sincerity of the Assembly at all events wns diHtrustcd, and its acts soon neutralized its profci^sions of reformation. In a few years it became more arbitrary than ever in enforcing the settlement of prenentcea. TTudcr the threat of sus[)en,-iioi) and deposition, Presbyteries were enjoined to carry into effect, by the aid of the military if necessary, the most unpopular appointments; and it soon became more unfashionable than evLr to preach the doctrines of natural depravity and salvation by grace. After its first alarm from the Secession had subsided, the Church of Scotland sunk rapidly into a corrupt and submissive civil establishment. Such was the state of matters in the Church of Scotland, when the ProB- bytery of Dunfermline refused to carry into effect a settlement at Inverkcith- ing which was strongly opposed Ity the people at large. The case, by ap- peal, was ultimately, in 1752, brought before the Assembly. It wns taken up on Monday. The Presbytery were appointed to meet at Invcrkeithing on the Thursday of the same week, for the admission of the i)rcsentee, and to appear at the bar of the Assembly on Friday, to give an account of their conduct. It was known that three members of the Presbytery,-— the usual quorum— wiii-Q willing to act. In this instance, however, for an ensnaring purpose, the ({uorum was designedly made five. When the case was called on Friday it was found that the Presbytery had not met. Six members, among whom Mr. Thomas Gillespie appeared, and gave in a representation, stating that they considered it contrary to the laws of the Church, the word of God, and their ordination-vows, to yield obedience to the injunction imposed upon them, and declaring that, as honest njen, if censured, they were willing to forego every secular advantage for the sake of a good con- science. To strike terror into the hearts of all who would not sacrifice their conscience at the mere dictate of human authority, it was resolved to depose Mr. Gillespie, who had striven to vindicate the conduct of the Presbytery on constitutional grounds. In the space of twenty-four hours, without a libel or any form of process, he was arraigned and condemned, and deposed from the office of the holy ministry within the Church of Scotland ; and the church and parish of Carnock, of which he was minister, declared vacant. Mr. Gillespie submitted to this sentence in its full extent. He readily renounced all the advantages and temporal emoluments arising from his connection with the legal estaldishment. Overtures from Synods and PreB- byteries were afterwards vainly pressed upon the Assembly, imploring & revocation of his sentence. Gillespie, himself, though frcfiuently solicited, refused to make application to be re-admitted, as he considered it sinful to take any step toward a re-union with a Church which had deposed him in such an unscriptural and imperious manner. In the course of a few years he was joined by other members of the Church of Scotland, such as the Rev. Thomas Boston, who demitted his charge to the Presbytery of Jedburgh, because "there were several things in the Na- tional Church which had always been disagreeable to him, and also because of the tyrannical measures of the Assembly in settling vacant churcheB, which tended to destro}' the dying remains of religion in the nation ;" and the Rev. James Baine of Paisley, who demitted his charge " because of that abuse of church power which appeared to him inconsistent with humanity, with the civil interests of the nation, and destructive of the ends of tho ministerial office." Mr. Gillespie and those ministers who joined with him formed theinselve* into a Presbytery at Colinsburgh in 1761, and first met as a Synod in Edin- , T ■\''V i re m buck 8tcd, rears tees, ained iilar reach first .idly "r .. > \}l- i I i burgh in 1772. The lleliof Srnod, thu3 coii-itidited, recognised the firrip- tures us the only rule of faith and prarticp— the Lord Jesus (.'hrist as the King and Head of hk chiircii— rrosbytery us a scriptural form of church government— the We3tmin.-»ter Confession as the confession of their faith— the right of the people to choose their own oHlce-bearers— and held that the Church of Christ was entirely distinct from the kingdoms of this world —that no civil magistrate had any right to interfere with it---and that all visible saints received by Christ, tliough ditl'c ring mi some smaller matters, should be received into church fellowship. OK TMK L-.MOX. After the union of the two ]>ortions of tlic Secc-ision Clnirch iii 18'JO, an impression was jiroduced on the mind both of the rnited Secession and Relief Churches, that though each had been greatly blessed of (iod as a separate denomination, yet a union between them was scriptural, desirable, and practicable, — their views of doctrine, discipline, and j^'overnmeiit lieing found to be identical. After the subject had Ijcen long and ])rayerfully oonsiilered by the respective Synods, a union was consummated on ]:;ili May 1847, when both, according to previous arrangement, mot together and adopted the following articles as the Basis of Union. "1. That the Word of God contained in the Scriptures of tlie did and New Testaments, is the only rule of Faith and Practice. " 2. That the Westminster Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms arc the confession and catechisms of this Church, and contain the authorised exhibition of the sense in which we understand the Holy Scriptures ; it being always understood that we do not approve of anything in these documents, which teaches, or may be supposed to teach, compul- sory or persecuting and intolerant principles in religion. " 3. That Presbyterian Government, without any superiority of office to that of a teaching presbyter, and in a due subordination of church courts, which ia founded on, aud agreeable to, the word of God, is the government of thia Church. "4. That the ordinances of worship shall be administered in the United Church as they have been in both bodies of which it is formed ; and that the Wesrainster Directory of Worship continue to be regarded as a compila- tion of excellent rules. "5. That the term of membership is a credible profession of the faith of Christ as held bj' this Church — a profession made with intelligence, and justified by a corresponding character and deportment. " 6 That with regard to those Ministers and Sessions who may think that the 2nd section of the 26th chapter of the Confession of Faith authorises free communion — that is, not loose or indiscriminate communion, but the occa- sional admission, to fellowship in the Lord's Supper, of persons respecting whose christian character satisfactory evidence has been obtained, though belonging to other religious denominations — they shall enjoy in the united body TV hat they enjoyed in their separate communions — the right of acting on their conscientious convictions. "7. That the election of office-bearers of this Church, in its several con- tT^ (fregtiiioiifl, bolonp,«, hy the Riithorltj of Christ, cxtlnsiTcly to tlio inombonj hi full communion. "8. That tliis (!hurcl» solemnly recognisea the ohligation to liold forth, an well nn to hold fust, the doctrine and law of Clirint, nnd to make exer- tions for the univerHal diffusion of the blcsainga of Hie ^'OHprl at homo and aUroiul. •' !». That as the Lord hath ordained that they whtt preai h the jjospo) HhouM live of llif g()Si)el — that they who are taught in the Word should communicate to him th.it teaoheth in all good things- -that they who ant strong should help the weak — and, that having freely received, thus thej siiould freely give the gospel to those who are destitute of it — this (vhurch asserts the obligation and the privilege of its nuiuibers, iutliieuced by regard to the authority of Christ, to support and extend, by voluutiiry contribution, the ordinances of the g()spe!. " 10. Thiit the respective bodies of which this Church is composed, with- out requiring from each other any approval of the steps of procedure by their fiitliers, (;r interfering with the rights of private judgment in reference to these, unite in regarding as still valid the reasons on which they hav« hitherto umintained their state of scce.'fsion and separation from the Judi- catories of the Kstablished Church, as expressed in the atithoriscd docu- ments of the resitective bodies, and in maintaining the lawfulness and obli- gation of separation from ecclesiastical bodies in which dangerous error ia tolerated, or the discipline of the Church, or the rights of her ministorj or members are disregarded," To this l)asis was appended the following solemn resolution ; — "The United Church, in their present most solemn circuuistann.s equal, but each popses.sing a distinct personality indicated by appro^ ate pers<;na] liamw and acts. I 2. or t/i" Purjwae of Ood. God, in the excrcijie of his Imly, wise, and sovereign will, and for thu manifestation of his own perfections, formed, in eternity, the plan according to which all lhing.s conio to pas.s : "yet so as thereby neither is God tho author of eiu. n(»r is violence offered to the will of tho creatures." 5 :^. or t/f Works of Ood. Thi.s plan (Jtid executes in creation, in which lie makes nil things ver7 good, and in providence, in which He upholds and governs them, according to his good j)leasure. \ \. 0/ (lie Monti Gonernment of Go'l. All the creatures of God are governed by Him, according to laws .^luitcl to their nature. Intelligent creatures are subject to his moral law, which is ''holy, just and good,'' and which they cannot break without being guilty of sin, and becoming liable to punishment. 2 Ti. Of Man in his Ori, and ff his Fall from it. Our FirBt Parents were created with a holy nature and in a happy condi- tion. In this state of innocence they were placed under the disi>cnsation commonly cal'cd the Covenant of Works. As the test of their obedience, they were forbidden to cat of the fruit of the '' tree of the knowledge of good and evil," and in case of disobedience they were threatened with death, comprehending not merely the separation of ;0ul and Itody. hut the separa- 8 tion of both from the favour and enjoyment of God. Thej wore fully capa- ble of yielding perfect obedience, but abusing their freedom of will, through the temptation of the devil, they ate the Forbidden Fruit, and thus forfeited the blessings implied in the Covenant, incurred its penalty, and became guilty, depraved, and miserable. ^ 6, Of the Stale of Man since the Fall. As in the Covcnont, Adam was constituted the head and representative of the entire race, all his natural posterity come into the world subject to the penal consequences of his sin, destitute of holiness, and with depraved dispositions ; and as soon as they are capable of using their moral faculties, they, by actual transgression, increase their guilt and depravity, and make themselves liable to heavier punishment : so that, if divine mercy do not interpose, they must, after suffering the miseries of this life, die under tlio curse, and endure the pains of hell to all eternity. Of the Method of Sulration. Divine mercy has interposed, and abun liuil provi-ion lias been muiie for the salvation of tViIIen man. (1.) How Salvation .■> Procurer}. God foreseeing the fall n' man, in iovereign mercy, from all eternity, purposed to save a portion of the lost race, and formed an arrangement, commonly called the Covenant of Grace, whereby sin might bo atoned for, salvation freely offered to sinners, and that salvation secured to all who had been the objects of his electing love. For these ends the Son of God was constituted the Mediator between God and man, the Covenant Head of his chosen people, and the " Saviour of the world." When the appointed time arrived, lie took into union with his own divine person, a perfect human nature, and became Man, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of a virgin, and born of her, yet without sin. Being made under the law which man had broken. He yielded perfect obedience to it, and so far as was consistent with his al;solute holiness, endured its penalty both in his life of suffering, and in his death upon the cross. The dignity of his person rendered his obedience unto death infinitely meritori- ous, and thus a fit ground on which all who believe on his name are justified and receive the Holy Spirit, to the glory of God's rigiiteousness as well a-s of his grace. In testimony of the acceptance :f the Saviour's work by the Father, He was raised from the dead, and received up into Heaven, where, in virtue of his sacrifice, He, as the great High Priest, makes intercession for his people, »nd, as Lord of all, rules tho Church and the world. At the time appointed He will come again to the earth to raise the dead, judge the world, and make his people perfectly happy with himself in heaven forever. (2.) flow Salvation is Applied. In the gospel the Lord Jesus Christ is exhibited as the Saviour of sinners ; salvation is offered through his all-sufficient atonement, to men without ex- ception ; and all are commanded to believe the divine testimony, and accept of the proffered salvation. But it is only when the sinner, by the agency of the Holy Spirit — who is promised to all who ask Him — and through the instrumentality of the word, has been convinced of his sin and misery, and has had his mind enlightened in the knowledge of Christ, and his will re- i s V -I- and Being i s \* K- 4 , J ' i 9 newcd, that he, through the faith of the gospel, ror.eivos Je>us Christ as bis own Saviour, and so enters on the cnjovTiient of the sftlvation procured by Him, and made known in tlic gospel. United to Christ by faith, the believer has a pcrsftiml interest in his right- eousness, and is pardoned, an;l acceiJted a.s righteous by Cod ; and the work of sanctihcation begun in convcrgion is eiirried on by tlie continued opera- tion of the Holy Ghost, through faith, so tliat the believer is preserved, strengthened, and comforted, till he is prepared for luaven. At death the souls of believers are made perfect in holiness, and depart to be with Christ. Their blessedness shall be completed at the last day, when their souls shall be reunited to their bodies then raised incorruptible ; and after being in the general Judgment ac<|uitled, and acknowledged as the saved of the Lord, llicy shall be taken to heaven, where they shall be perfectly "blessed in tlie full enjoying of God to all eternity." They who reject the salvation presented in the gospel of Christ, greatly aggravate their sin by this rejection, and expose themselves to severer pun- istimcnt than those who have never enjoyed the privilege of hearing it. 8. Of the. Means of Salvation. The means of oi)taining possession of this salvation thus procured, and thus applied, are partly internal and part external. (1.) Of the Internal Means of Salvation. ■ The internal means of salvation arc exercises of the mind and heart, pro- duced by the operation of the Holy Ghost through the instrumentality of the word. They are chiefly these two : Faith in Christ — a crediting of the testimony of God concerning bis Son, — whereby the sinner receives Ilim as He is freely offered in the Gospel — trusting in Him as his Saviour, and sub- mitting to Him as his Lord; and bepentanck towauds God, whereby the sinner believing in Christ Jesus, turns from sin to God, with hatred of siu, and purpose of new obedience. The blessings of salvation nre obtained by men, not on the ground of faith and repentance as the meritorious cause or proper condition, but through their instrumentality as fit and appointed means ; so that those who continue unbelieving and imponitent, necessarily shut themselves out from any part in this salvation. (2.) Of the External Means of Salvation. The external means of salvation are the Word read or preached, prayer, and other divinely instituted ordinauces of religion. In the Word is presented the truth with its evidence, whereby, through the influence of the Holy Ghost, faith is produced, and the blessings of sal- vation are thus communicated. The blessings of salvation which by the word are made known, offered to all, and co .municated to those who believe, are to be sought and expected in the exercise of believing, fervent, persevering Prayer. The other obdinancics of God are intended and fitted to serve the same ends. 10 On the first day of the week, — which is called the Lord's Day, in com- nieuiorotion of the resurrection of Christ — the continuance, under the Christian dispensation, of the Sabbatical instittition appointed at the crea- tion and confirmed at Sinai, — Christians are to come together to observe the ordinances of public worshij) : and are to devote the whole day to reli- gious exercises, " excejit so much as is to be taken up in the works of uo- cessity and mercy." These ordinances of i)ublic Avurship are the teaching of Chrislian truth, the offering up of prayers and praises to God in the name of Jesus Christ, and the " fellowship" or communication of their property by the memhera of the Church, as God has prospered them, for maintaining and extending the cause of Christ. Beside.-^ these ordinances, there are two om])lematical in.Uitutious usually termed Sacuaments, — liaptism and the Lord's Supper. In those, by out- ward signs, spiritual truths are represcntei! and confirmed — the finuhuncntal principles of (-hristianity and their evidence are brouglit before the mind , and thus, " by the blessing of God, and the working of liis Spirit," si)iritual benefit is conferred on " those who by faiih receive thorn." In BAi'TiaM the application of water to the bodj' symbolizes the truth — "that men are purified from sin — freed from guilt and depravity, by the atonement of Christ and the influence of the Holy Spirit,"' and the person baptized is recognized as connected with the visible church. The ordi- nance is to be administered to unbaptized adults on their making a credible profession of their faith in Christ, and their obedience to him : and to the infants of such as are members of the church. In the Lord's Sui'TKu, by the distribution and use of bread broken and wine poured out, are represented and confirmed the truths, — " that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, in human nature^ suffered and died in the room of men, to obtain their pardon and salvation — that in the faith of these truths men enjoy the benefits procured by his death — that all who believe are uni- ted in a holy fellowship, and bound to yield implicit obedience to all Christ's laws;" and the believing participants of " the bread " and of " the cup " have communion with Christ, and partake of the benefits of his salvation, " to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace." The Lord's Supper is therefore to be ol)Scrved by believers as a memorial of Christ's sacrificial death, as a public profession of their faith in Him and subjection to his au- thority, and as an expression of the communion which they have with Hira and with one another. As it must be profaned if observed in ignorance and unbelief, or in the allowed practice of sin, serious self-examination ought to precede the service, and it ought to be performed in the exercise of faith, love, repentance, and self-dedication to God. All these ordinances are appointed in connection w ith the Church ; which is not only thus the means of salvation to those within its pale, but by being appointed' to proclaim the gospel to all who will listen to it, is the grand means of salvation to the unbelieving world. I 9. 0/ the Church. The Visible Church of Christ consists of all those who make an intelli- gent and credible profession of faith in Him and obedience to him, and their infant children. It is a spiritual society, or kingdom, of which He ic the only King and Head, and is distin^jt from earthly kingdom*, and not de- pendent on them for authority or sujiport. i •^' v^ '\ ■i -;o that you aro sinnera obuoxions to Divhic wrath, and unable to savo yoursi'lves from it? 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