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G. /"\N the 30th of October, 1893, Sir John ^^ Abbott, the successor of Sir John Macdonald in the Premiership of Canada, died after a Hnj^ering illness at his home in Montreal. Thus, within the short space of two years and a half, Canada ha 5 lost three of her most eminent public me-i. In 1891 Sir John Macdoi.ald, her first I'remier, and probably the most renowned of colonial statesmen, passed away ; and he was soon followed by his great Liberal opponent, Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, who had been the Premier from 1873 to 1878. John Joseph Caldwell Abbott was the eldest son of the late Rev. Joseph Abbott, the first Anglican incumbent of St. Andrews in the county of Argenteuil, Quebec, and was born at St. Andrews on the 12th day of March, 182 1. He received his primary edu- cation in his native town, after completing which he entered McGill University, Mont- real. In 1847 Mr. Abbott was called to the Har of Quebec, then Lower Canada, and began the practice of his profession in Mont- real, where in a short time he became a leading advocate. He began his political career as a Liberal, and it is well known that his name was signed to the famous annexa- tion manifesto of 1849. That manifesto he himself afterwards described as "the out- growth of an outburst of petulance in a small portion of the population of the province of Quebec, which is among the most loyal of the provinces of Canada." He was first returned to the Canadian Assembly by his native county in the general elections of 1857, and he continued to hold the seat until 1867. For a short time during this period he occupied the portfolio of Solicitor-General for Lower Canada. 68 Throughout his whole public career Mr. Abbott paid special attention to questions of commercial law, and he was regarded as one of the best commercial lawyers in Canada. While he was in the Canadian Assembly, he prepared the In.solvent Act of 1864, which he afterwards published in book form with copious and useful notes. He also prepared a Jury Law Consolidation Act for Lower Canada, besides a number of other useful statutes. In 1862 Mr. Abbott was made a Q. C, and the degree of D. C. L. was conferred upon him in 1867 by McGill University. When the union of the Provinces was consummated in 1867, it was but natural that a i)ublic man who had distinguished himself so much in the old assembly should aspire to a seat in the new Parliament of Canada. Heaccordingly placed himself once more in the hands of his old constituents, and was elected to the House of Commons in 1867. He was re-elected for the same con- stituency in 1872 and 1874, but was unseated shortly after the latter election, and was not again successful in carrying the county until 1880. He was again elected in 1882. During his later years in the House of Commons he made few speeches. He was chairman for many years of the Committee of Banking and Commerce, —a position as lesponsible as a seat in the Cabinet, inas- much as many of the most important mat- ters coming before Parliament are referred to this committee for close investigation. In May, 1887, Hon. Mr. Abbott was ap- pointed a member of the Privy Council of Canada, and was translated to the Senate, where he became Government leader. He discharged the functions of tb:.t position 53« llic Green I^tig- with great tact and ability, and his speeches in the Senate arc amonf; tlie ablest and most vahnible published in the Canadian Hansard, Upon tile death in 1891 of Sir John Macdonald, who was for aixiut twenty years I'remierof Canada, the choiie ot a successor was practically confinetl to two of his lieu- tenants, — Sir John Ihonipson and Hon. Mr. Abbott. The name of Sir Charles Tup- per was mentioned in connection with the vacant post, and it is believeil that he was not averse to assuming the functions of leadership. IJut Sir Charles had been absent from Canada for several years, and the con- ditions had in the mean time so vastly changed that he was scarcely in the race at all. The great ])rovinces of Quebec and Ontario were opposed to his leadership, and in the maritime provinces he probably could not secure a following e.\cept perhaps in New Hrunswick. The question, therefore, was whetlur Sir John Thompson or Mr. Abbott would be chosen. Under the British constitutional practice, which prevails in Canada as well as in the mother countrv, when the leader of a govern- ment dies in office his administration comes to an end, and the viceroy is free to choose whomsoever he will in the dominant party to form an administration. Shortly after Sir John Macdonald's death, the Governor-Gen- eral summoned Sir John Thompson, and re- quested him to form a government. The latter had been the late Premier's right-hand man since 1S85, but he was only forty-seven years of age, and had been only si.x years in the House. During those six years he was un- doubtedly the principal siwkesman of the party, both in the house and on the plat- form ; yet with becoming modesty and gener- osity, he expressed a preference to remain in the ranks, and recommended Mr. Abbott to the Governor-General. Hon. Mr, Abl)ott responded to the summons, and formed an administration. This step was a great sacri- fice for him. His health was not good ; and he had reacheil an age when quiet and retirement are most coveted. He, however, obeyed the call of duty, and discharged tiie arduous duties of first minister until No- ve.nber, l8(j2, when, unfortunately, his health obliged him to retire. In May, 1892, he was created a Knigh' Commander of the order of St. .Miciiael and St. (icorge. When his death was announced a few weeks ago, the |)ress of Canada, without dis- tinction of party, united in extolling the ability and integrity of her great son. We will cull one flower from the wreath of mer- ited panegyric. The "Toronto ICmpire" said : — " Mother e.uih never took to Ikt eonifortnig breast ;x kindlier man than llie late Sir John .\i)- l)()tt. They who iiad knowledge of liis sim|)licity of manner, tiie ywx'ws of his mind, the ^eni.iiity of his spirit, the wisdom of iiis words, will not soon forget him, and the memory will be forever asso- ciated with the niii^ed old f.ice, seamed w:th many a line of care, and furrowed deep by Time's imre- si)e(:ting finger. lint there was n'l a wrinkle 011 that brave old lace that was n't a beauty, that did not make it stronger anil more impressive. It was a lion face, ami it expressed the lion will \\hi( h made a grand but unax.iiling struggle against death." While Sir John .Abbott did not occiijiy the high office of Prime Minister of Canada for so long a period as his illustrious prede- cessor, and while he had not displayed the wonderful all-round ability of his gifted suc- cessor, his place on the roll of Canada's statesmen will always be an honorable one. He had not Sir John Macdonald's hoiihoiiiie and knowledge of human nature, but he was a better speaker and a more thorough administrator. He was a singularly me- thodical man of business; measures commit- ted to his care received his best attention to the smallest detail ; and the result of his public labors will continue to be of enduring value to his country. T>:x. age when quiet ami ivetod. 1 Ic, liowevi'i, ,', ami ilischargcil the it minister until No- fortunately, his healtii 111 May, 1892, he was namler of the order of orj;e. as announced a few f Canada, without dis- ited in extolling tiie f her ;;reat son. We m the u reath of iiilm- "Torniito ICnipire" took to Ikt comforting n tlie late Sir John Al)- owlcdgc of his simi)licity his mind, the i;i'ni,ility of f his words, w ill not soon ory will he fmcviT asso- d face, seamed with many ed dee|) hy Time's nurc- ere was n'l a wrinkle 011 .vas n't a heauty that ilid more imi)ressive. It was •sscd the lion will \vhi( h availing struggle against hbott did not occupy le Minister of Canada i his illustrious prede- had not displayed the bilitv of his f^ified snc- the roll of Canada's he an honorable one. Macdonald's bonhoiiiie nan nature, but he was id a more thorouj;h was a singularly me- ess ; measures commit- ved his best attention ; and the result of his tinue to be of enduring T>KX.