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A GODCHILD OF WASHINGTON A Picture of the Past By KATHARIXJ.: SCllUVLHR HAXTER Profusely Illustrated. /it(? -/- Published by Subscription 96 Queen Street London F. TENNYSON NEELY, Publisher "4 Fifth Avenue New York ll ^^/ -6234 C oi'YKiiniT, 1897, liV KAT11AKIM-; SCIIUVLER I'AXTER. !4 TO THK DESCENDAXIS OF THOSE PATRIOTS WHO KOR.MEI) THIRTEEX SCATTERED AND DEPENDENT COLONIES INTO A POWERFUL AND liENEFICENT STATE, THIS VniAME IS LOYALLY DEDICA'TED I A GODCHILD OF WASHING i ON On the parish register of the Reformed Diitcli Church in Albany, N. V., may lie seen the following record of baptism on March 41)1, 17S1, by the Reverend Eilardiis Westerlo : OuDKKS (rnroiils). I'liili|i Scliiiyler, Caliiarinc \'aii Kcn5>uiaer. KiNDERF.N (Children). Catliarinc \'aii Reii-'iclaer. Givii KiKN (Witnesses), (jio. \Vasliin^l(.n, J.iiiic;. \'an K(ii,selaer, Mrs. Wa^liiMjilon, Margarita Scliuylcr. LIST or ILLT:.STI(ATr()iYS ("alliariiic V. R. Scluiyler— of \\ii.sliiiif;ion . Pifter Si-luiyler, 1st Mayor ol The Mails . Vail Sliclili-'nliorsl Anns Ten F-yck Sclniyk:r Mansion Iriiliaii Mcilal Iiiiliaii Medal The iJiitcli Clniicli Scluiyler Arms lirailsireel Anns . I'liili|) Scluiyler liirlliplace of riiilip Scluiyler 'I'lie t'railii . I.oie .... William Ileatlieole de l.aneey He l.aneey Arms .... ILiiiiilion I'ish .... The r.iithpl.iee ol llamillon I'ish. Ni J 1 >-:u\ves.uit Street lio,.k riale W.ishiiit;|oii Irving; Sunnyside ..... Ueiison John l.o^^inj,' . R.'sidelue ..I li. j. lossill};. "Th Kid.t;e." W illiain lleni y Seuaid Sewaol .\rnis .... Horatio Seyiiioui The lleeitiidd laini. ••(den Davie." ( ierril Smith Resid^'iiee ut (ieiiit Smith, reurl'oo N. V William I.eele Stone . The Stone 1 louse Stone .\rms .... I'teiilun Hyde W.ilwmlh The W.ilwoilli Ki-idenee, Saratoj; N. V Walwoith .\iius .... Krie Canal Med.d 1-aie Canal Medal He Witt Clinton .... [oscpli ,\ddison .... Sii Riehaid Stiele I'dinund Hiiike .... Ceorjie III Iluj;li I'dair .... .\le\aiider I'ope .... I'laltle ol I'.iie .... Vohaiio . . . . ■flu- Medieiiie I'lnst -f'7 4l,S 4.io 4.vi 441 444 44'> 4 s" .,0S 4f)y 47' 47,i 47" 489 492 404 .|i)li 5"' .s"4 507 509 5 '5 5 II) .S-" s^> 537 541 .s.s" .IS 3 .S.s7 ;i o ^(lO 5(12 s64 570 57 « 571 .s74 ^.So s')4 50S oi.S i'37 6sO ro STENTS ClIAl'IKR 1. Till.: Dnrii I-'amiiy nr SnirviiK. rrKion lUict-y^ ( IIATTKR II. I'liiLir Scmvi.EK. rKkiiii) I7.ij-i7t):s . I'i;rioi) I7('>S-1774 I'KKKH. 1774-1775 ■ ■ rF.Kioi) 1775-1776 . , l>lsiiNi;i;isiii:ii (irKSTS I'KKion 1776-1777 ClIAriKk 111, CIlArrKK IV. (.II.Vin'F.K V. ru.\i'Ti:R VI. • iiArri-R vii. • 'IIArTKR VIII. TiiF ScinviKu \1anm(i\ .\t Aii;an\ Ai r.XAMU'.k IIamii ion lii;iiKi;i-; \V.\siiiN.;rc)N . I>lsriNi;t'i.sllii. I\ii;|-h;ni-ks I iiArri:R i.\. •II.M'TKR \. IIIAI'ITR .\|. Kl.NhSr.l.AKU. Mus. rilllll' SilllNIIK 31)5 ( iiAi'i i;i< wii. I'KUlillJ 179(1-1804 42^ CIIAITKR will. CaiiiAUINK v. U. ScIUM.KK. lll.u M \l;i;i Ai.lS 4 (S illAI'Tl-.K \l\. Caiiiakim, \'. K. Si iiivi i:k. IIjk IIipmi \i (i-,uii;u 470 CIIAl'l'I-U W. iJlsriNcriMiih l''i adfs, an.! ,So( loiu-s havu inrn toiniL-d to honor those wiiosc sacrUices of life and forlime laid the foiindati,,ii of iis prosperity and greatness. 'I'here are a few old landmarks left of the Colonial jienod, when nalions and ,„mm ties were as distant from each other as they were at the i)e,^inninK of tlie ( 'hristian lua. Withm the hroa,! territory of New Vork Stale are mem.irahle sjiots rich in his- loiie inleiest. Chaiuvllor Kent in ids bio,L;iaphieaI sketch of his elose personal frieiul, iMajor- r.eneral I'hilip Sehuyler, wriles : ••The Dut.h lamiiy i>f Srhnyler stands eon spi. uotis in urn- e,,lonial annals. C.lonel I'eler Sehnyler was mayor of Albany ■in.l ...nnnanderof the Norlhern nnlitia in Khjo. 1 le was distiiiKnished for his I'lol.ilv and activity in all the varions dnties of , ivi( ami military life. No man understo,,,! iH^iirr the relation of the Colony wilh the five N.ilions ,,f In.li.ins, "1- li-i.l more de.i.led inlluence with the eonte.leraey. He had lre(|uenlly .has- lisf.l the Cmadian Kreneh for their destrnelive inenrsions upon the fr ier s,'t- tlemeiits ; his zeal an, I enei-y were reuar.led iiy a .seat in the l'r,,viiiei:il ( ■,„nKil ; and the Mouse of Assemhly j^.ive their lesliinony to the liritish ( 'oin t of his (aith- liil servie.'s an,! ,no,,d repnt.ilion. I( was this s.nne vigilant ,,lfi, er who ,i;ave in- lelhgenee to the iiihahii.uiis .,f Deeiiu-I,!, ,,n the C,,mie, nVnt river, ,,f' the .le- sions of ihe fieiH-h and liuli.ins upon them, n.it l,,,,^ hetore the destruelion of ";■" '■'"''■'^'' '" 'T'M- III i7--'i. as President of the Conneil. he heeame aelin.ir Governor ,,f the Col, my t,,r a sh,,rt time previ,,ns I,, the .„ cession ,if (;,,vern,,'r "'""'■'• '" '7I.^' 1''^ ^"". fohm.'! I'hilipSehuvler, was an active and eflinent "H-mlur ,.t AssemMv for the , ity and comity of Alliany." (Conlinned in < hap- ''■I-- -'. .^ 4. 5' 7. '.-J. ami 17) I'hat exieedingly ,ii;ree,,hle !),„,k '■The .\merican l,a,Iy" |,v Mrs. Crani' of '"Ml.. i;..,nl vvn. ll„. .I,,„,;|,|,., „f I,,,,,.-..,. ,\lc\ ieKur, .in,l was l„,ni in .75^. lie, t,,ll„., '■'""■ ';■ 'III' •■•au.ny ,„ ,737. .- ,,„ „ir,n.r i„ ll,.. Ilfiy llM ,e,;i„„.„l „f ,1,.. ll„n,,|, ,,,„,. ,„ IlK. l.,|lo„,„,, >.,..,,. .^-s, M,,. M,\'„Ur .,,.1 1,,., ,l.„u:l,„.,. ,,!.„, .„,,v...| ,„ \,.w V,,,!:; .,,.1 i:t m 14 A (ioniim.i) or u\i.^iii.\(rrox. [.ag-.in, SidtlaiKl, is in inith ihu lust si;ctc:li thus Uir written descriptive of the society of New \'oik slate, and ils local hi'-t, is oui- of Mrs. {'.nuil\ iiio^t iilcasiiifj rllorl..; anil ONcitid Kivnt .nilfiition wluai iIk' volmm' wa, liiM imhli-litil in l.on.lou, in iSoS. TIio>l' yoniliriil re- nionil)r.\noc.. ivMikitil Iilt lAlen-ivily liiown in llii- omnliy, ami win- a>l.lili..n:illy iiili ri^liiiK to American-., hccau^e at lliat |ifiio,l it was tlie only work wliii h .leliiu ated n l.iitlifiil |iii tine of the ni.inners of llie early settlers in the I'ldvinee of New S'ork. Indeed, without that nar- rative, there would be a coni|ileto chasm in our sm ial hi~lory o( the timis anterior to llic Revolution. Her aiice.lolcs of the Cnylers, Schuylers, \'an Reiisselacis, and oilier dis- tinK'iiished I Hitch families of Albany, and its vicinity, ^ave universal satisraclion. •■ In iSio, Mrs. (iianl rein..ved from [..rndon to Kdinburi'li, wlierc, ilurinf; thirty years, her house was the resort of the bes( society of Scotl.uid. American citi/elis always considered Iheinselves obli.i;e.l to jiay their respects to her; and il was a privilep' to liave an interview with that lady, for she always received lliem willi manifest alliaition and regard. Calm and resijjncd, she ceased to live in l.S;,S, being then eighty live years of a^e." A new edition of this valuable work has r.acntly been published by D. .\i.plet(in .V Co., New \drk. iifi^i^BUK^S^ FiETER SCHUYLER, i.st MAYOR OF ALBANY. V ' ''s--' 'Jl ■f •■ ' --tj^ti^mtt^ |l rill': nrrcii iwmii.y or s"v, 4 THE IX-iril I'AMli.y OF sciirvi.EK ,„ site Montreal burned ,1,. en,,.. ....!< p,-sc.ncrs. aneartened and so > on the \erge of maknig a treaty of alliance with the Frenrl, ,.,1 . , i '""" '""' '"'■" '"•« •'■- » «" -'■• '«.. .i.a. .„e e,,;l,:;,™--;:',;:;:;;,' ■•iiriM«M'v».r. "Schuyler became while there a tavorite with (^iieen Anne. She urgently desired to knight him, and presented him with his portrait (life si/.e), and with jjlate and di.nuonds for his wile, which remain .imong his descendants, liauded dinvn by primiigeniture the portrait still exists upon the estate, and forms one ol the heirlooms of the family. His reasons for refusing knighthood were (|uaint. At liist he said he had brothers not so well off as himself who might feel humbled ; afterward, he addeil that he feared it niiglit make some of his ladies vain. In 1711, he organized another invasion of C,'anarou,ht back .lea.l f,„u, .Abereroinbie's ana. k on 1 i.-on.ieroga, whi.b woiil.l bave resulle.l very .lilTerentlv ha.l he !iv..l I)e- -le I „we. says Mrs. Grant (the S.:o„ish authoress. wh.,se fa,!;.. , •,,„,„, Mc\i..^kar, about U,is pen„.l .„ ciipie.l a farm on the e.siate, Sir lelTrev Ainllcs, ■"■■'• I-oudonn (.eneral Jiradstreet. Sir Thomas (;a,e. an.l even- officer of .l,s- ct ,n hrou,h..ut North Amerua, w..re intimate at the h„use,-an.l no , ,- .ant^publi,^ measure was taken withou " Anions . The Ameri.an Lady's ' favorite nepliews were iw.. wl,„ .f,.,-wa,d k^aine Kcnerals .uus Lhilip S.Hmyler. on the ■ patriot ' side .,f th.. Revoln,i„n. e oher l,r,,adier-(.e,u.ral Cuyler. on the Loyalists si.le. The latter w.is. i„ eierl'r;, 7m""' '''" ''^''" ""'""• ^' "''■''•• ^''^^ S.ephenson, marrie.l ch;:;::fc-;;:;l'''''^''^-''"'^'''-'''^'-'-'^^ , " 'I''" ."'"''.' ■''"" "^ "'^ l>""^^ ^"« l-'rnc -sidere that his u,cn w..re on the Kind's s..rvi.:e in rebmidin« Mrs. Schuvler's < '- . I.e present Ir.nU seems „, be a story lower than the ol.l one. whi. h as .les.:nbed .. having tw.. stones an.l an atti. , beside a • sunk story ' or base- "uu. Ihe whoe IS .,f bri.k an.l hip r.,ofe.l in the Duich tnaimer. Tlie -n door IS , ividcl l.aerally ii„„ ,wo Iiaives. in place of verti.allv as wirh K, g- I'sh .loors. before the tire, the bnil.liu, app.-ars to have been somewhat ,n.,re -nament.l. but .loiibtless in her later vears she care.l bttle for looks 1 ne .American La.ly remaine.I -lunng ,|,e Revolution a stanch Loyalist A Colon. Is ol then- regiment, were • u, at the death.' Another had fallen fighting m n MM 3a A (loixiiii.i) or n\isiii.\(rii).\ tlic I'lencli bcfoif St. Johns, NewfoimiUaiul. .\iiiitli(.'r still, a son iit Joiui, (lied (k'fendiiig, single-handed, ids furlilieil lumsc ;it Saratoga against the for( e of Marin in 174S, refusing all i|iiarlir, ami is si) led in llie iMfnrli acconnl 'a brave man, who, if he had twenty more like himself, wonld not have been seriously incommoded.' lie well kept the family motto ' Semper I'ldi'lis.' "i'he house also frei|uently s.iw deneral I'liilip Schuyler, whose strategy, culminating in the haille of Saratoga, dec ided the war of the Revolution. 'I'lie miserable intrigue of dates which deprived him of (dminand at the mnment of fruition has not succeeded in detracting from his glory, and I ).iniel Webster deliberately adjudicates him the place iie.xl to Washington. .A man of wealth TEN EYCK SCHUYLER MANSION. and honor, and a Major in the Uritish army, he became a ' patriot' from con- viction, threw everything into the scale and drew with him the families of \'an Kensselaer, Van dortlandt and I.ivingsion, who, possessed, with his own, the preponderating inlluence in the I'rovinc e ; thus contributing the vitally neces- sary adhesion of New York to the cause, llis manor house of Saratoga, to gether with his mills and other property, were uselessly l)iirned by order of General Hurgoyne in his advance from the north, an ill deed which he returned by kindly hospitality to the Uritish general when a |)risoncr. " The claim of the Schuylers in history is a large one. No family did more for the making of America. None were so imperial in their views and plans. ! Tin: DITCH /I.I///,)- or scmy/.h:n U3 lu iKive l,een s.icli a factor i„ l.rcakinK, first the ,Knv.T ,.f France and then the power ol Unlan. un this continent is u record not easilv matched and there is none therelore which can snccessluily .lispute with them the right to be called ■ the greatest family of the New World.' •'.So much lor the old hoii.se it.self an.l the .scenes connected with ' F„r two centuries an.l a .[narter ' The Flatt.s ' have been liande.l down from f.ilur I,, son. Within a tew miles around it are scattered what may be stvle.l iis own descendants. Upon the estate in rear are the larger mansions of the ddcM lines. .At the other end of .Albany is the Kiand old house of Ceneral I'hili,, Schuyler, lis broad halls are fitting reposit(;ry of the memorable .scenes .,f lini-oyne's and Riedesers stay, of .Alexander Hamilton's wcdOiim. whi. h took pl.ice there to a daughter of the General, and of many other historical ira.li- tions. It appears as sound today as when first erected. Not so far away stood until recently the beautiful manor house of the Van Kensselaers, the I'atroons ol AHuiiy, built in 1765, a gem of Renaissance architecture. "Another ' chiM ' of the house is the Ten Kyck .Schuyler mansion, (sometimes called the ' OM 1 loyle House,' or ' Liyhlhall House ') which .stands out prom- inent across the river. The l.uihling is in a disinantlc or ',i\isniX(;Toy INDIAN MEDAL. Riil)i.Tt Wi'ir's p:\iiilinijof the Son i ,i I hid", wlu) w.is celebrated in ve;>e l'\ Kit/ Greene ll.ille. k." ("ilNLKAI. I AMl^ (IkAN r Wll-.S. long, and about twice the size of a silver dollar, with a heavy chain attached to it nearly three feet in length. The obverse of the medal bears a representa- tion of tiie King and (Jueen of Great Uritain, and a crown surrounded by the legend, 'George and C'arobne, K. and Q. of England.' On the reverse is seen the names of the five chiefs, Ganiatarecho being second on the Ust, and the date, 1750. This interesting relic was recently found among the effects 01 General Schuyler, by his de- scendant, the late John Schuyler, for many years Secretary of the New York Society of the Cincinnati. Geinrjl Kly S. I'arkfr, who died August 31st, 1895, gr.mdson of Red Jacket, usually described as the last ol the Senecas, possessed a similar silver medal, ])re- sented to the great orator by General AV.ishiiiLiton. It is represented in ('I"he Si'hii\ier finii'.v hul esercisri! gre.it inlliieiue over the Indi.m liibo of New \'iirk >t.Ue for more than a hr.ndiecl \ears; General Srhiiyler had been in coninl.iiid of ihe Noilhcin iJep.irtnient ai\d wis well known and beoved by the Red men, and partii u l.i.ly by the Mdhauks, After the ili'.ill of the l.ist chief of this liihe, who diei' without heirs, the mcil.d u.is preseiilci' to the GeiKT.il as a token of then esteem, and lias rem.iineil in the posses sion of the t'amily to llie present day. ■I'liK Dt 'I'l 11 I iirK( 11 "The Dutch church, to which refei ence has been made, stood at the jtin fcx' INDIAN MEDAL. I f 4 THE i)frri{ r.\Mii.y nr snrrri.ru 25 tion of State street aiul I!ro;,.lu.,v. cinnuuuling both ll.or.n,gl,lares as a sccuntv against In.iu.ns. Tl-.e win.l.uvs were h,.l, fn,n, ,l,e groniul, as it was to,, far Iroin K.rt Oranpe to he protecic.l l.y us guns, aiul hen.e mnsm.iar.l a.Minst siui.len atack. "llie men carrie.l their arms lo service, and sat in tlu- oallerv n, order to he ahle to tire from the win.Iows The more venerable were'^ealed'on a raised piatlnm a.^ainst the waHs. and the women sa; out of danger's wiv in ti.e centre. Ihe church was replaced by a new one in ,7,,, and traduion's ,vs the new churrh was built annnul the old ; and whde the f.rmer was ImiKlin,. service was held in the Litter and intern.ple,! for 01, Iv two Sabbaths The new edilice was the exact counterpart of the old, except in si/e. and ,1s bein.^ ,,f THE DUTCH CHURCH. Stone. I here was the same arrangement and separation ,i the sexes. Hut now the congreKaiion was a we.ihhier one. and several of the windows bore tainilv arms ,n colored ,l,iss. There were the Srhuvler. 1 )ouw. \an Rensselaer, and others. I...uh window had a he.uv wooden shutter. tastene.I with a latch and was never opened except on Sunday. The roof was very steep, .ind surm,.i,nted bv a heilryandwe.ilher.ork." I )omiiiie\Vesterlo w,,s the belove.l preacher Ilearrued "> lliis countrv tVoin Ilollai„l in the latter part of the vear , 7(.o. and entered 'ilH.i. the p.,storal ch.nj;e. He be.ame one of the .nost eumient ministers of tlie Dutch Ihurrh in .America, and died in .j.^o, at the e.„U age of fifty thtee yt'ars. „, the thirty-first of his ministry, greatly beloved an.l lamented' by Ins 26 .1 aoDcniLl) OF W'AsinyaTox podple. Tlie church was dcmolishcil in 1806, liiit the old pulpit still leinaiiis ill existence, and is a very interesting relic. It was sent over from Holland in 1656, and was cuntinued in service of the church for one hundred and fifty years. It is constructed of - ik, 0( tagonal in form, ahout four feet high and three feet in diameter. ".Mthccigh in a disnioi,nted state, and rather off at tlie hinges, it is otherwise in a very good state of preservation." The Dominie used the Inacket on the front of this for his hour-ylass. Till'. SCIIfVI.KR " ARMS " ' "The coat-of-arms on the old church window (iC^Tj) is unciuestional.lv cor- rei I. What was done ahout the window was this : The gentry of .Albany were apiiealed to by the people as their traditit)nal leaders, to build a church ; and were asked to have their ' arms ' jnit on the windows as ornaments, tlie windows being donated by each family. Then, onlers and information where the proper arms could lie learned, were sent Id a proper glass firm in Holland, accuslonied to the W(.ik and having a good draughtsman and heraldisl employed. He was referred to relatives also for information. lie asked for a coi)y of some old window or other authentic representation of the arms in Holland. This he de- signed properly, using his heraldic experience to keep it correct. I saw jiart of one of the arms myself, thus drawn on the glass of the old Albany cliurcli, and am certain some course was that followed, as the cusloins of old Freiicii Canada with which I am familiar, throw light on the manners of those days. I'hilip I'ieteisen Schuyler's uncle by marriage, the historian \'.in Schlichtenliorst jiossiblv assisted in the matter. The bearing of coat ariiK.r in Holland iiroved at tha't time that the family were descended of a gentle stuck, or as the coiitineniai na- tions termed it were noble, of ancient laiuled and presumablv of diivalrous line- age. The antique and niedia-v.il character of their falcon emblem contirms this beyond a doubt. Ileialdry existed to show exactly that class of facts. One writer would take the poetry out of them and make Philip I'ieteisen ^■an Schuy- ler a mere trader. Trading, however, had notliing to do with rank in Holland -and even in I'jigland at that time. In Fiance they then iiietended to .haw such a distinction and it later crept into haiglaiid, but Holland retained its < .ni mon sense, and its ancient families traded to their heart's rontent, turning back to lighting whenever desired. The manor of 'The Flails' preserves to this 1 -f •I 4 4 'The arms of llir Schuyler family are: Kseutcheon argent, a faleoii sable, Imodecl giile>, beaked ami iiicmbcred or. peiehed ii|)oii the sinister hand nf ihe fale.iner, issued from the de\ ter side of the shield. The arm i lotlicd azure, surmounted by a helmet of steel, slamiing ui prolile, openfaeed, three bars or, lined gules, bordered, (loweri'd ami studded or, oriia mciilea with its lamlnoi|uins argcnl lined sable. I'rest— out of a wreath, argent and sable, a falcon of the shield. The noble luieage ami opulence of Ihe family, previous I ihe appearance in .\merie;i of the first Colonist, is attested liy ancient pieces of silver plate engraved with the family arms and date, still in the possession of the descendants of I'hilip Tietcrscn Van Schuyler. ■ * % -I ■I i .5 TJu: Drrcit r.tjiii.y of scihylkr g^ day the traditions n„t alone of two centuries and ,n,„e of New Wo,!.! an.i,,„„v \m of u,H„enu.rial chivalry as well as an unbroken line. As 1 i,ave I.een brought up among the descendants of the Fren. h-Cana-ban seigneurs, I en, in- ler|,ret the Dutch I'atroon feeling and institutions and notice where the .vc ,.e American fails to grasp the inner meaning or feeling of them. The Sch.vl.Ts were a family of seigneurs, not of ordinary tra.lers; they had in modest i.,si,. -on the feelings ot the Knghsh s.iuirearchy an.l the French nobles; their le„ler ship mallans of stale and war was taken as a mal.er of course bv their ne,..!,- 1-rs ; hghting and chivalry were bred in them, and came ou, in their con.luct all through the iMench wars; .luring the Revolution these things were for , he hrst time questioned by the miserable elenuMit among the New Englan.iers. which showed us head in the intrigue of (l.tes. In the meantime the old J)u.ch chiv- a ry had been somewhat ntndified in New N'ork into a branch of the s.niireaichv o( (.reat Wntain, and that remained still fairly strong until say about kS 40 si.eakmg roughly ; feudal tenures being abolishe.l about ,847. All the rubbish wni.en about the Albany men being all traders pure and simple, is ignorance As nnght be expected, the Xew Vork s,|uirearcl,y had a (Ine military reconl' bs earlier leats were tlio.e ,0 be expe, ted of chivalry transplanted ,0 the New U' ld_, such as the spien.bd raids of the S,:huylers into New France towanl the end o the ,7,, cunnry. - I told them,' says i-ieter's journal (at the opening ut the irst batt e) ' they must light for their King and the honor „t th ProN eslant Religion.' What could be more wor.hv of Froissarfsdavs ' - W. I). SI, SCHUYI.KR ARMS. .T,.',..-- <>^.-fT ^^^^'■'■- «™ I 2B A (,()I)(IIUJ) UF HA.SltlMll().\' ■I JOHN i!RAi)siRi;i;r A\' lAc.i.isii (,i:\ii;ai, " 'I'lic sliii^glL- lu'twucii the i'lciich .111(1 I'jiglish fur suprciiKicy s, Anne llr.idslieel. The third son, John, look p.irl in llie I'jij^lish Rtuo- hilh.n, serviiii; 111 Croiiiwell's army ; and, leceiviii.L; a t;raiit of lands 111 ( 'oiinly Kilkenny, Irel.ind, sell led I'eic. Ills i;r.iiidsoii, llu- siiIiJim 1 of I Ins iikiiioii, u.is '""■" I" ' 71 !■ Ilorhliiif;, l.iiK oinshne, is usually t;iveii as I he pl.ii e ol In-, ImiiIi. In I 7;,s, he w.is < oniinissioiied eiisii^n and sent liy the lirilish w.n nllii e |,, Ann r le.llojoin Ihe regiment of Colonel I'liillips. The liisl eii^.iL;.ineiil ol iinpoil.iiMe ill which he look |i.irt was the sie;;c and capliire ol I .oiiislniii,' 111 1 7,):^. Th;it he ''•"I ill '111' inlerval siu.aii hiinsrlf worthy of imlil.iiy Inisl is iiidi. il(d by Ihe '■" ' 'li'il •" Ibis iinpalant sic^e he w.is j^iveii ((iminand ol reppeicU's pioviii- ci.d rej^iincnl, willi the r.nik of l.ieuleii.int ( 'oloiiel, ■ ,iiid conn ibiil( d 1. lively to l!ie sni( .ss of th.it e\pi'dilioii by his /e.il, aclivily. and jiid-ininl , and his p.irliciil.ir kiiowlrdL;e of the pl.ue.' In the aiilninn of Ihe s.nne \e,ir he w.is made c.ipl, nil in the re.unl.ir lirilish army, and in the lolluwiii^ \i-.ir he bc( anie l.ieiileii.iiil (ioveriiorof .Si. Johns, Xewfoiindl.ind, .isinirure win. li he ul.iined till the close of his life. " As the liii.il slrn-j^le wilh the ImciicIi diew near, his milil.irv iiislii;< is se.ni to be ajj.iin in evidence. In 1 755, he served on the sl.ilf of ( iencr.d lli.iddoik and subse.pieiilly w.is Adjiilanl (hneial ami Coinmiv-ary ol ihe jhomik i.il lories under (leneral .\bercroinbie. It was not niilil 175(1, however, lli.it he w.is :ill'"i'l'''l anolher opporliiiiily of .lisplayiiij; the spiril and aildress in inilil.nv alf.iirs for which he rem.iins dislin,L;iiislied. In that year he nndciln .k .md (.11 ried to a siKcessfiil issue a dariiii; exploit a^aiiisl the Indi.ins. An laij^lish (.;.ir riS'iii h.id been maim. lined at Osw.-o on the soiilhern shore ol I „ike ( )iilai 10. l''ir Ihe purpose of keepini; open biliire commiinicilioii wilh il .ind of c.irryiiiL; > a'-iTWTS,*. .i(Ui.\ I!1!M)sti;i:i:t 29 sK.rrs tlntluT. Uradstr.vl, in ,„mmaM.I <,t two huiHlmi provincial troops aiul aboiil forty .onipanus ol h.,alinci,, made Ins way to Oswego, sdUcriMu many l.ardships on tl.c j.,„rncy, and placed in the Ibrl provisions and stores siill,, ,ent tor live lliousand men lor six monliis. On llieir return mar. h, lirad.lieet and only seven of his men had reached a small island in the Oswe.t;,. ri\er when he was alta. k.d l,y ,, party ol thirty I'lench and Indians. The latter were r.pnlse.l only lo renew the atla, k on heiiiK remto,. e.l. A.^,„„ the enemy were . .mipelled 1'. th'.-. Mote ol liradstreefs men having in the meantime joine.l hi.n. the I'rench and Indians, now mimlHrinM ^'Ix.nt seventy, made a third onset, I.nl alter a warm contest, were again driven from the island, l',veii then liiadslreet's men were not allowed to j-nxeed uninolesK-.l, lor on (inilling the islan.l he lonnd himsell conlronted hy abont four hnn.lred ol the enemy. At the head of two l'"ndi.'d an,l lilly ii„ops he mar, he.l holdly loruard to meet them, drove the enemy Irom their skulking plates with considerahle h,ss on their side, and then liroceedeil to Albany. " In the lollowing year iiradslrcet seems to have heen actively engaged hy his dnl.es as l)epnty(.)-,art.Tmasler Ceneral at Alhany. hnt the year 175H was maikcl l.y much miluaryaclivityon Ins part. 1 1.' took pari 111 the l,.rmidal.le hut disastrous expe.lil,on against Tuond-ioga under Aheicromhie. Through ins eiierg.ti, prep- aratwms, the l.ateaux for carrying the In.ops ov.r Lake Oeorge were leady hv the time ihe necessary sto.es arrive.l (i,,m Paigland. In the maj.-stic journey .lown the Lake on July 5th, he was in ihesime boat with l.oni Howe, an.l he accompanied the popular young iiohleman when the latter, at Ihe ion of Niagara and the country beyond. Moreover the moral effect of this Inst distinct success for the iMiglish arms was considerable, for it inspired the army with confidence in a dark hour and carrieil corresponding dis- couragement to the Frciuh. "The victorious movement thus inaugurated was continued the ne.\t year by (leneral .•\mherst's successful expedition against Ticonderoga and frown I'oini, in which .'Uso Itrailslreet took part 'as full (Quartermaster (ieneral, to whicli position he had been appointed during the preceding year.' " 111 1760, Amherst and his army set out on his successful expedition against Montreal by way of Oswego, Lake Ontario and the St. J.awrence river. Hradstreet, still holding the oflice of (Juariermaster Cieiieial, followed his com- mander as far as Oswego, but being oven ome by the return of an illness that had smitten the camp during the i)re\ ious year, he remained there in the exer- i ise of his official duties and at the end of the campaign returned to .Mbany. liy that time, the intercolonial war had ceased and the dominion of all the I'rench possessions in North America was surrendered to the iMiglish. liut a few embers of the conllagration still lived, and, tanned by the sagacity and zeal of I'outiac, the treacherous chief of the Oitawas, broke out again in a blaze of Indian ferocity. Detroit, one of only three of the frontier posts that did not fall into the hands of the merciless foe, was besieged for lll'teen months. In the summer of 1764, an army under the command of (leneral Hradstreet was sent to its relief. I'anbarking at Oswego, this expedition jiroceeded over Lake Ontario and the Niag.ira river and coasted along the south sliore of Lake l'',rie. Near I'resijue Isle, Hradstreet was a|)proached by some i hiefs of the Delawares and Shawanoes. Witli them lie entered into a ])reliininary treaty of peace, which was to be consummited later at Sandusky. The army then proceeiled to De- troit, where they were received with tumultuous joy by the beleaguered garrison. Here a council with the Indians was held, which resulted in their peaceful sub- mission to the ICuglish. Detachments were also sent forward to the desolated posts of Michilliniai kiiiac, Cireen Hay and Sault St. Marie, and over these floated once more the red cross of St. fleorge. On the return journey. Colonel Hradstreet and his army stopped at Sandusky in the expectation of receiving the jjrisoners that the Delawares and Shawanoes had promised to surrender there aiul of fxincluding a definitive treaty of peace. In this, however, he was disap pointed, .\fter waiting in vain for the Indians l' 'nil. 1760. •• • As .-,11 „,y pnvale ..ffairs are in my Icallicr pn, t,„antcau trunk, I hcc-l.y con,n,it i. to your care a„,l proLCon. ,0 ,l,o end ,l,a, i, may be .lelivncl .af. .„ ,„y wife an.l cl,il,lre„. nol a, Mi ■' '" 7 -n ;' r" r'" "'" """''•''*="• ""' ''^- >■""'• '""' ''^""'- '" "'"'1' vm. will ever ohlijje your faitliful friend, , ,, ■•• V..ur zeal, punctuality and Mrid honesty in His MajcMy', service, under n,v direction for severa yea,, pas,, are sutticien, proofs that I can't leave ,ny pnl.lic accn.uits and papers u, a . te (a„ ful hand than yours ,0 he settled, should any acci.Ient happen ,0 n,e ,1, tlus can,- .lie pu he of all the- pul.hc nuuiey that I have received since the war, I now deliver .0 you nil j".v iml.lic aco.unts and uniehers. and do hereby empower you ,0 settle with whomsoever mav H- appointed u- that purpose, either in .America ,m- in I-a^land. And for your care and fuuble e e„, .,s .„ „, n.r your faithful an.l useful services to the public, I am persuaded, on vour r-odtciuK t.ts p.aper, you will he pioperly rewanlcd, if settlcl „, .\„„ ica, l,v the ('on,- un,U.r-n, Inct; ,f ,n Kn^land, hy the adn stration. The accounts aic ch-a ' and vottch:^ clcai and distinct and complete up to tliis time, except trillcs. " • I am, sir, your faithful, luimhle servant, "'JiiiiN Hu.\iisTKi:i;i.' mjHmvf'*iik,^t»mit ■''.... «»«< ua .1 (iontiiii.i) i>i' uAsiii.M.nix " i>r;i(lslr('L't and Sclitiyler were ;ils() j(jiiiily iiitticsiiil, togcllier willi Riil^jcr HlfcktT and (ieiifral Juliii Moiiii Scolt, iii llic putc liiisc ol a tnu I of twciily-uvo tliDiis.uid aiic'S ill llio Moli.ivvk \ .dliv. Il wms kimwii as Crushy's Manor, liav- iil({ l)cen granted liy i(j)al |p.ilcnt to William ('icishy, (lovcriini uf llic I'mviiut! (»r New V'(Jik. Jn 1772, diMaiill liaving Imjcii made 111 llic iMymrnl ut amais dl <|iiit rent, llic traiil was sdld l)y llic Slicnll to (Icncr.d Schuyler, who look litli' ill his own iiaiiu', and on bchalldt the oilier ihree |iiir(:liasers as well as o| liiln- self. Siil)sei|neiilly the lille uas coidirnied by tunve)an»;e from ihe Croshy's heirs. The site of the present city of Utica is inc hided within the hounds ol this tract, (leneral Uradstreet, however, iiienelit of which also hu failed to enjoy and whi( h lie( auie u iionc of con- lention hetweei) liis heirs and other claimants) was a vast territory nieasnrii:^ between one hnndred and lilty thousand and two Iniiidred a( res, near the head walcrs of the JJelawarc and Siisiiiiehanna rivers, conve)eil to hini li) the Indians in i 768. " Urailsi reel's family life was not wiihont an unfurtnnale and niuxplained (loud. Ills will's maiden name was Maiy Aldridf^e, aiul at the time of th( ir marriage she was the widow of his cousin. Sir Simon Jiradstreil, Hart., of Kil- inainham, Ireland, aiicl sister of ('hristo|iher Aldridf^e, who was lieutenant in a company of the .(oih Riiiis, Uritish Army, and wiio sulise(|uciitly (in 17.).') he- tame captain, and in 1 7O0 a major. Her lather, whose name was also (.'hris- topher Aldiidge, was capl liii of the same company, in whii h John Hradslre hr (icneral and .Mis. Scliiijler jiroved pai liciilarlv \alnable. 'I heir spacious and hos|iit.d)le mansion at Albany w.is thrown oi)en to him and he be( ame a member of their household, (leiiiial Schuyler freipienlly endeavored to eHecl a ri'ion- < ili.uion between liradslicet and his wile and iml entirely wilhoiil sin cess, lor in September, 177.], having been sinmnoned to the bedside i f his (lying Ineiid in .New York, he obt.iined Ihadslreel's consent to deslioy a will in wliuh no |iro vision tor his f.unily h.id been made, and to c.secaite aiiollier by the terms of which his entire eslate was divided between his two dauglileis. The later will was drawn by Willi. im Siniti), the luslorian, who was by il a)ipoinled one of the executors, while (leneral Sch;iyler was naineil as the other. The killer's daugh- ter, .Margarita, who afterward niarriecl Slejihen \'an Rensselaer, the palroon, had accompanied her father to New \'ork at Ihe special re(piest of Ceneral Hrad street, taking with her a faithful cohired servanl, in (jnier to nurse her aged friend during his last illness, and it was in her arms that he died on Sepleniber 25. '774- ./0//.V liliADSTHEKr :u " Ihe l..ll,nvinK letter writlci. I.y vJciifral S.-hiiylcr to Uts. iiradstiwt. inimc- liialL-ly ;.(le;- Ikt hiisbimd's (Icalli, throws an intmsling |i,;|,t on the , haraili-r wl tlu; writer as well as .sil,„l,.s „r 1, „,„;,„ lil,-, iImI ., „,i,r,„h,M. s,|,|,„n ..rrias l,nl wliat il is acc,Mi.|«nir,l l,y s,„nr r,.,„l,„l. Surl, .„,■ Ihr r,.|le,li „|„,-1, .us,- „„ ,1„. ,1,,,,|, „r Crnci ,1 Hia.lMr.-H. for wl„M I „,„ ll„- ,l,i,;ul,.,l In.n.l. I ,rj,„,-,. ,|,r ,.iuii„-.l l,u,l,an.l nn.l |.unil No (hara.l,-,., Ma.!.,,,,, arc- Ik'c' In.i.i l.lnMi.li, ll„- ,.,,at,.s| aihl almost ll„. onlv .,m- in liis was an unl.e. -iininj; rfsenlnu'iil acain,*! Iijs (aniily, lor supposal laulls of » hi, 1, M,.u,- olirn tol.l liini I frariMl l„- was loo niiicll lli<: occasion. TIm,, however, on^lil to l,c lon-vcr cradicaUvl from >(.nr mri y, as lie .lied in j.eilecl ipcac- w iih all. I lauiij. mI his lieai I al case on this |Miiiil, lie seeme.l more cheerful than li.' had l,e,n lor a Inn^, ii,„e luloi,, and met his fale wilh all the Lirliliide l.ecinnili« his diaracler as a s.,ldier, and u iih all the i,',i,.nali..u inspired liy a consciousness that the Siipieme lleinj; disposes all loi ||,c |,e-,t.' " F,s, orled l)y <:ivil and military oiruers and the 471I1 Rej;mieiil, the remains of ('.ciieial Hradslrecl were huruil in 'Irinily chiirc h) ard. " Il IS a mailer of r<.i^iel that this spirited idln er died ihiis at Ihe oiilhreak of the Revcliilion, and that his servianic amniig ihe han.r siri, ken sohliers an.! preveiiteil a precipiiale lligh't in ihe I'oats. .\ small in, ident that o.-ciirred after the fall ol Knnilenac iii.li, aled i noble trail of chara. ler. When the fori was being stripped of all lis coiilenlsby the („nr,„ ince in particular e the e„e,„y, It be- comes Necessary that you Kece.ve a„,l keep your proportion of ,l,e WorUiuK ( ..en belo„f;i„K •the Crow tins \\ ,nter in perfect Heart and Coo.I working or.ler for which vuu will he pai.l t.ay^>h,ll,n«s ^ork furrency pr. hea.l and accordingly you will have herewith .sent you '• And you arc to take Notice that it is Kxce,.lcd Hy h,s Kxcellencv ( leneral Andicrst tl,al vou are I untial ,n keeping the said O.xen lilt for constant service that m. l.ispoinlment to M.e Knig s .Service may happen for so sure you will Answer for it in a Severe manner. " (,iven under my hand and Seal jx„. iJRADsTKKliT. at Albany, 4, Decern., 1759. ]> o ;\[ ,; "To Mr. Jaimius I'i-.kki:," .loiix iiii.ii)STiih:h:r 36 .. . " AlllANV, 161I1, 1VI>., 1760. " My I.OKD: ' ' •• AlthuuKli I have nol ihc lienor lo l,e personally known to jour Lordshi,,, I noveillielcss flaller myself my lonj; services ;,s ;,„ olliccr will in.luee your Lordship to par.lon the liberty I take of eneloMUK a Deed of gift from .he Indians to n.e f.,r some Lands on the IVonlier of th.s IToy.nce In .he late war the Imlians were fre.|uently en.ployed under n,y eo„,n,an.l aKamst ||,s Majesty's Lnemies; i„ conse,|uenee of whieh they thought |.roper. at the l,te Confess, at lort Sinnwi.N, .0 , n„fer „n me this mark of their esleen, an.l approhalion of my conduet toward then,. A, I u;„ not a. I„rl Slanwix, I ,|,ou«ht it neeessary to take the lirst opp,.,tun,ty to see then, and n.ake a ,et„rn at;,eal,le In their euslo,,, ; I lhe,efo,e lately aeeon,. panied the (iovernor of the IVovinee to Sir Willia,,, Johnson's (who meeS ihen, ,l,e.e „„ husi- nessi for this purpose and jjave them lo Ihe lull as nnuh as if purehase.l in the usual n,anner. •■\our Lordship will he pleased to ol.erve. the In.lians l,v this Deed made a particular reserve of their Lands for me before their si^ninn the late Trealv, and do pray His Majesty would be Kia.-iously pleased ,0 ratify and eonlirm to me in Ihe same' manner as may be ol liiile expense from a ,lesi,e to make this n,a,k of iheir Lriendship of some value to me; anperly se.tle.l for some years to eome i. would be of little value if allencled with the usual expense of Lees of ,h,s p.^vince an,l ( Juit-rent : I the,efo,e pray vour LonM.ip to bouor me with your counleiianee a,„l to rep,esent this affair to His Majesly a'LMeable to ihe \M~lus expressed by ilie Indians in the heed. •• 1 have not seen the l.an.Ls, my Loid, nor .io 1 knn« the ,p,anliiv, but by the description the Indians give it may be from one Inindre,! an,l lifty to two hundred thousand acres; but it appears they are ba,l judges, particularly nol long since in two Tracts they disposed of that did not lurn out on ,„easu,e,„ent i„.Me ihan half the ,|uantily expecled. " I have the h(Ji,or to be Hid, gi^al resjiecl, •■Vour Lordship's m,„t obMlient and most humble seivant. . -i. 1, ,, " J^- I'KAlisl KEICT. 1 UK Kn;irr II, )\. Lakl ui Hillsluhuuch, Vax., Lie." IMk'Si cii\pti:r fi I'lllMi' M III \I,I,K I'KKIOI) 17.^3-1708 " AM(>S(; tlie patriots of the Aiiifiican Revolution," contimifs Kent, "who assiitccl the liyliis uf tlu-ir country in council and eijuully vindicated its cause in the licld, the name of I'liilip Schuyler stands preeminent. In acutencss of intellect, i)rofound thoUKJit, indelatigajjle activity, cxhaustless en(if;y, piue patriotism, and persevering and intrepid public efforts, he had no superior ; and it is to be regretted that the limits assigned to eacli poriion of biography in tiie present work, will permit only a rapid sketch of his distinguished services. "General Schuyler was born at Albany the 22d of November, 1753. I'is paternal graiullather, I'eter Schuyler, was mayor of that city, and commander of the northern miluia in i6yo. lie was also agent of Indian affairs and iire- siiling nicmber of the Provincial Council. John Schuyler, his father, left five children, and though as heir at law, his son Philip was entitled to the real estate, he generously shared the inheritance with his brothers and sisters. The Sara- toga estate of which the liriti.sh army, 1777, made such sad havoc, he inherited from his father's br,.ther, Philip, lit-ing deprived of his father while young, he was indebted to his mother. Cornelia \an Cortlaiult, of Cortlaiuit Manor, a lady of strong and cultivateil mind, for his early education, and for those habits of business and that unshaken probity which never forsook him. At the age of si.xteen, he was martyr to an hereditary gout, which confined him while at school at New Rochelle to his room for nearly a year. Put he was still able to jn'ose- cute his studies, and to :u(juire in that period the use of the French language. His learning was of a solid and practical character, llis tavonie studies were mathematics, and the other e.xact sciences, and he was enabled in after lite to display unusual skill in finance, and as a civil and military engineer, and in all the leading topics of political economy. " He entered the army when the French war broke out in 1755, and com- manded a company of New Vork levies, which attended Sir William Johnson to Fort Edward and Fake C.eorge. He was emjiloyed that year in rendering Fort Edward a safe spot of military stores. In 1758, his talents and activity attracted the attention of Lord Viscount Howe, who comman.led at .\lbaiiy the fust divis- ion of the IJritish army of four thousand men, then i)rei)aring for an expedition to Canada. Peing in great difticulty in respect to supplies and to means of transportation. Ford Howe had the discernment to select and employ young Schuyler in the connnissariat department. When it was suggested to him that he was c(n)fiding in too young a man for so important a service, he declared that he relied on the practical knowledge and activity of Schuyler, and was con- ■jr, (^V jV) '■-■SI I'll/I. II- s(iiryi.i:i! 39 vm.cl .hat l,e w«„l,l l.o cu.hlc.l t„ s.r.n.mnt all ol.stad.s. The event ii.stille,! >l.e chuue. The ,ln,y was d,s,ha,f,..,l „-„h that .s„„n,l j,Klt;,nent and .alcnla,^ _n;H inecsion il,at were so oflen and signally d,s,,layed in his subse-iuent career I he army under the con,n,and of Ceneral Ahermmdue arrived at the north end of Lake(,eorge, early n, July, and when Lord H..^, ,,,|| ,„ ,„„„„, „,„, ,|,^. trench advanced ,.uard. Schnyler was .lireCed to cause .he bod v of ,l,a, hnnen.ed y.UM.g nobleman .o be conveve.l ,o Albany and bune.l the.e' w„l, approon Uc- honors. ileco,„nn,ed d.eruard durn,j, ,he wa; :o be en,plnu-d ,n 'he c„n, inissary (h'partinenl. "After the i.ea.v of , ;6,, C.h.nel SchuUer , ,or bv ,Iku ,„le be was ,he„ nown,. was .d ed ,n,o ,he service of the ( .lony. ,n various cvd emphnnuaUs lie was one of the commissioners appointed by the Ceneral AsscmbI to manage the c.)nlroversy on .In- i>art of New \-,,rl<, respecting ilie partition line belueen that colony and .Massachusetts ll.iy ; aud he !P*-t:;^,«>, was actively engaged in that dis- j' T^^ ?*. cussion in 1767, with associ„tcs ^ ' "" •""I "li|""i^'ii's of tlie lirst rank and ( har.ictei"." laKiiii'i \i 1: 1,1 I'ini ||. v., HI VI IK It is less than a decide siiu e this J^^^^ ' A VTr^^^ quaint ohl dwelling, hce repre ^if^^ IT'ii^y^^^^-s 'ly in I 7(14, **'■'"'■''• "lii'li St I on ihecrncr ■% P ' j of State and S,,uth P,m,1 streets, \\ • Hi. S:' was torn down in the iii(\, rable march of improvement. A glance at the steep r^of, uiih is g.able ''"'I "" ■''■■111 street. Mu\ at the ii geiier.d arc liitei lin.il fciiincs, :it J oiae makes .Ik^ b- J/oine at iin-eiilmsh " It is now an establislie.l fa< t that Kiliaen \ ,m Rensselaer, the llrst I'atrtK.n never saw the vast don,a.n that he possesse.l. il.s son, Jeremias, had marne.i Alarm \ an C ortlan.lt, and their s(,n Kdiaen. was the FuM l.,,rn l-m^s-.U-i, (,l.u,t;lit,r ..I I'.,ln.oM) I'hilip J.. h,„„ ( .,.|. ,5,1,, ,7f,s, „,. ,,,, s,i,,il, Kul ni. 2.1, .\h„v An,,,. S.,uy,i. KensM'laii, hnin J.m. 25II1, 177,, „,. l.:ii/,,|„.,|, -1-, , .|,,^.^,,^ (-■iirneji;,, ho,„ I i,r, 2j,l, i77(,, ,„. \Vn.|,i„,,|,„| \l,,rl.,n, ratli.nino Van Kcns.Haer. h-in Fch. 2,1th. t7.Si. ,„, i,t, Sanuiel Haynr,! Malcln, (.on nl Ixii. M.), 111. 21, l.inic, Ciicliiaii, (son of Sur (Icn. t'.j i I'liii.ir scjirri.rn 41 " lie was alderman of the city, as well as ccinimissioiur of Iiidiaii affairs. He (liil iKil sufler his (tiicial duties tu iiiterleie with liis personal inter- ests. He attended to his imsincss affairs with assiduity i\\u\ success. If he saw an oiiportniiity fur a safe spccnlatiiHi he did not let it ])ass iniiniproved. The Shai^htiicikc' Indians hail a l,irL;er tract of land than iliey re(|iiired, and, being shiftless and pool-, they olTered a ]i(irtion of it for sale. The city of Alhaiiy agreed to purch.ise a few hundred acres, hut was not i>repared to consuniniate the l)arL;ain. Ilendrick \"aii Rensselaer saw his opportunity, and l)(juf;ht a tract, si.\ miles stpiare, lying on the Hoosac ri\er, for which he pr. (1. Mega|)alt'iisis. "ItliaH/'sayslradiiioii, " sustained several Indian sieges befcire tlie F-levoluliuii. The walls are uf unusual thickness, heavy and well built. Tiie cellar extends under the entire house. The timbers under the first tloor are of massive si/e, nearly twenty inches square. The one under the llreiilace in the large rooiii (now occupied as the parlor) is still larger. The stone and brick come up in an arched form and extend over on this timber, making the llre|,l.ice rest secinely. The cellar contains several recesses and alcoves, making it seem that at one time it had been occupied to live in. Over the cellar windows, iron gratings are found; these are of ornamental twisted irons. Jn the lloor of the main hall there is a trapdoor, which opened downward into the cellar. 'IVadition says that this was used to entrap unfriendly Indians. They were lured into the house, and when they steppid on this trap down tiiey went to tlie cellar where the men awaiteil them. There is one port hole oi)ening Iroin the cellar. This was but riTcntl) dis(o\i-rcd. " There is nothing special about any of the rooms to be seen now, they hav- ing all been moderni/ed. The linen room is interesting from the fact con- nected with it. ■Jhe aristocracy of the ohl manor were .so dependent ui)on the mother country that they even had to have their linen washe.l there. For that purpose, once a year, it was all sent over and lanndrieil. In the meantime the soiled linen was kept stored in this linen room. In the 'tile room' were formerly above lifly scenes from Scripture, in old Dutch tiles, on one of ihe walls. These have now all disappeared. These tiles, .is were also the brick and timbers from whi.h the h,, use was built, were all brought fnmi 1 lolland. There have never been many relics found in or about the old house. ( )iie— and the only interesting one— is a weapon, evi.iently intende.l as an instrument of war. This is about live teel long, an inch wide at the handle and rumiiui,' out to a sharp point, of wrou,i;ht iron. It was probably use.I in the same mam.Vr as swords are used now. 'l-heie are many legends connected with the ol.l mausi,.n One only will sutlice : .\ Crrini.le Van Twillcr and her brother Walter were visiting the manor one time. .\t evening the young girl «ent down to the ri\er bank and sat down. She was approached from behind liy Indians ami sud- denly sei/.'d. She gave a .scream, but was forciblv borne aw.iv, .iiul never heard from again. This s.ream is said to have been beard for vears .ib.nit the halls of the lioiise. ■•It was in the re.ir of this mansion that • Yankee Doodle' was . omp..sed. \\iiile .Abercrombie's army was encamped there by the old sweep well at the rear of the house, waiting for reinforcements, the ccnntry people came straggling 111, m all manner of costumes and dress. Their ludicrous appearance .so e.x- cited the humor of a liritish surgeon that he, while sitting by the be,l (now to 44 A (lOnciIII.D OF ]VASiriXaT()!f be seen) c.jmix.sed the original version <;f ' Yankee Doodle,' words an.l music l.oth. Altogellur the house is one of the most interesting and best iMtservcil of the remaining reh. s of our colonial aristocracy. This house is now in ilic luinds of a stranger, and the vast estate is almost entirely owned by those who neither bear the \'an Rensselaer name, nor are of the lineage. " When twenty-two years of age, young Hendrick Van Rensselaer married in the old Dutch clnurh, in the fort in Nieuw Amsterdam, Calrina \an Urugh, and in the old records we find it thus : '•' "in S March, jC,f-- 1— -i-vo-cii „. , of tlK llu i. ,. As he c„„l,l Inul „o one who wuuM un.lenake to Imnish ,he,n )-unK Sch.jler ,,hen hut t.ven,y-,.o years of a,e) agreed to snpplv the, ' sUedtu,.e.M hat rhd/'said ),,.,, Io..,nhevue.enUnna,e'nends', )"U carry out such a cntraet ? " .• If , ,„., ,,,, , ^ , ^.„„,,, ,,^. ., would not ,.ro,.„se tt." The latter kept his engage.nent. and reahJl a h'and- some iinidt Ironi the transaeii.ui. •Mrs. (Jrant, in "The Ameriran I.adv," urues- •• NFinv „f tl„. rr ..artered .,,,he.rt and town; hut,;u.dHo.ea,.^^^^ egnnent whu:h he connnanded ; and which i,e nu.deiled ,n such a tnanner , .ey were ever alter consulered as an exan.ple to the whole An.eriean ar y glor,he.l ,n ad„,.t,n. all those ri,.d, yet salutory regulations to which ,h Jon « l>ero readily sul-nitted, to enforce his co,n,i,ands l,v his exann.le ^ "Above the pedantry of holding up stan.lards of'military rules where it is im- 1 loue a,d as,.e all prule and prejudice an.l ,ratefnlly accepted .ounse f.on. those whon, he knew to he hest ,,ual,f,ed to direc, hnn. Madame Shulc was dehghted wuh the cahn steadiness wuh winch he carried n'i't I aus^re rules wlueh he f^n.nd it necessary to lay down. In the tnst ^ ^^ he r- 1 ule all displays of gold and scailc, m the ru,ged n>an h thev Jere ll n to ndertake, an.l to set the example l,y wearing hm.self an ammunition c. ,^ ■s to say. one of the surplus soldier's coats c:ut short. This was a nece s rj -ution; because in the woods the hostile Indians, who started 2" | , A. the same reason he ordered the muskets to he shortene.l. diat tl^y ^i ,1 "<", as on former occasions, l,e snatche.l from behind bv these agile foeV To =l::;:s:z;^J-;-^t:t:l^^^^^^^^ young and vain yet reJained. ^L^w:;d^, ai! i^;::;:,:;;;:":;';,;': consLlered as the greatest possible ornament, which t.iL wh:;;';; ::;;;';;: ■IH A auDCllILl) ur UAaULWTUX grcalLsi possible cue to dispUiy to advantage, anil to wear in a bag or ijiieue, wliichever tiiey fancied. Lord Huwe's was line; and very abundant; he, liow- ever, cropped it, and ordereil every (^me to do the same. I'',very morning lie rose very early, and, after giving his orders, rode ont to the I'latts, (.Madame .Schuy- ler's) breaklasted, and spent some time in conversation with his friends there ; and wiien in .Albany received all maimer of uset'id inform.Uion Irom the worthy magistr.ite, Cornelii'S Cnyler. Another point wliich tiiis yoiwig l.ycmgiis of the camp wished to establish, was that of luit carrying anything that was not abso- lutely necessiiry. An appar.itus of tables, chairs, anil siiiii other hiugage, he thonglu highly absurd, where people hid to fone their way witii unspeakable dititiculty, to encounter an enemy free Irom all such eni umbrances. The I'Vench had long learned how little convenience i ouKl be studied on surli occasions as the ])resent. " W'lien his lor(lslii|) got matters arraiigeil to his satisfaction, he invited Ins officers to liiiie with him in his tent. 'ITiey ghully assembled at the aiipointed hour, but weie sur|irisfd to see no chairs or tables ; there were, however, bear skins spread like a c.u[iet. llis lordshi]) welcomed them and sat down on a small log of wood ; they followed his e.\am|)le ; and ])resenily the servants set down a large dish of poik and peas, llis lonlship, taking a sheath from his Ijocket, out of which he produced a knife anil fork, began to cut and divide the meat. 'I'liey sat in a kind of awkward suspense, which he interrujited by asking if it were possible that soldiers like them, who had been so long destined for such service, should not be provided with port.dde implements of this kind; and finally, relieved them from their embarrassment by distributing to each a case the same as his own, which he had i)rii\ ided for that purpose. The aus'eie regulations and constant self-denial which he imposed upon the troops he com- manded, were patiently borne, because he was not only gentle in liis manners, but generous and humane in a very high degree, and exceedingly attentive to the health and real necessities of the soldiery. Among many instances of this, a quantity of powdered ginger was given to every man ; and the sergeants were ordered to see, that when, in the course of marching, the soldiers arrived hot and tired at the banks of any stream, they should not be ])ermitteil to stoop to drink, as they generally inclined to do, but be obliged to dip water in their can- teens and nii.x ginger with it. This became afterward a general practice ; and in these aguish swamps, through which the soldiers were forced to march, was the means of saving many lives. .'\unt Schuyler, as this amiable young officer familiarly styled his maternal friend, had the utmost esteem for him ; and the greatest hope that he would at some future period redress all those evils that had formerly imiieded the service ; and ]ierhaps plant the Ihitish standard on the walls of (Quebec, lint this honor another young hero was destined to achieve; whose virtues were to be illustrated by the s|)leiidor of victory, the only light by which the multitude can see the merits of a soldier. "The Schuylers regarded this expedition with a mixture of doubt and dis- may, knowing too well, from the sad retros])ect of former failures, how little i.(iui) HOWE 40 valor anil ilis( ipliiie availtd when' iiKuiar iruops luui u> cncoimtcr willi uiiscfii IcK's, ami Willi ditilicultii's arising from the iialnic of llic ground, fvr which mili- tary science afforded no remedy. Of (Jencral Aliercrombie's worth and valor they had the highest (.pinion ; Init they were .louhtlnl of attacking an enemy so snhile and experienced on their (,wn groniid, in intrenthmeiits, and this tliey feared he wouhl have the temerity to attempt. In the meantime preparaiioi-s were making for llie as.sanlt. The troops were marciiing in detachmeiils past the " I'jatts," and each detacliinenl (piartered lor a single night on tlie i(,mnion or in the offices. One of the lirst of the.se was commanded l.y Lee, ol frantic celebrity, who afterward in the .American war, joined the opponents of the government, and was then a captain in the liritish service. Captain ],ee had neglected to bring the customary warrants for impressing horses and o.\en, and procuring a supply of various necessaries, to be paid for by the agents of the government on showing the usual documents ; he, however, seized eveiything he wanted where he could most readily find it, as if he were in a con<|Uere(l country; and not content with this violence poured forth a volley of execrations on those who presumed to question his right of appropriating for his troops everything that could be .serviceable to them ; even Madame, accustomed to universal respect, and to be consider ni I'itl had chosen as 'the soul of the enterprise,' was to lead an army by the way of Albany to attack the French on Lake ("liamiilain, while deneral Joseph I''cirbrs was commissioned to lead another army over the .Mlegliaii)' mountains to capture Fort Duquesne," n I St ■f A'i W-<3^ Jd (^-tu^ (/'.','■ .i-') yoi.(Ki:i:r /■i:n:i; doiw 53 % % \'ii.cKi;k !■ i'i:ii;k noiw .MAViH; (1| ,\I ilAW 1 -(]| I --0 " Fil'iy _vcais n-o tlit-re st( il oil llic ca>t li.iiik 1,1" ilic IIihImui riviM-, jiisl l)e- lon- Alluny, an an. icnt l;„nuc,u.. known as Wnlv.n 11.,.. k. Only a win.linj; nu.l cigf.! l,y nnn.cnse eln.s an.l sy.amore lavs, ih.ir an.m.t l„M,,rv uriim, -' tl,.,r trunks, srparatcd i. fr.m, .he ri^.r whose nan.c is so h,st.„aallv ,nUT- wovcn wilh Ihc J)iilch sillhanenl of .\rw \'oik. •' lie,.. l,v..,l \oKken l\u-v Donw, ,he lildong friend a,„i stann.I, nplu l.ler ..f (.en.Tal .^.hn^ler, ,,n,| ..f wh.un il was sai.l : • \ ln,e ,u„u„. in nvl an,l .loiue.t,.. ,eL,l,ons, he w.,s omsi.lere.i a |,.,Ue,n, an.! no ,nan ,n All-anv .lle.l iiioii' re,t,Me!lcii.' ••The el.iesl s,,n „f Capiain IVlnis Douw, he was horn ai Mbanv \ V M:u-.:h .5'!. 17^0. Il,sj,,..ai ^.-.nullalher, \.,kke,t |an....n |)o„u, was a . an^ >;«■'. in the I),a.;h army, uho was .haven fn.rn his lum.e a, l,.v„w,,„len, in ihe l.;'vnue..f l'nesk,n.l,l,y,he,,erseeunonsw.,,ue.l againsl ihe .M.-nnonUes an.l "ith the nuanhers of his tan.ily lle.l lo 1- 1 u.h ,.-hsla,ll, 1 )enn>a, k. wh.-,e ,..h,.n.ns 1'1-ly uas ,ue.,nle,! -o ail. I.aler on. when ihe same leehn, a^ains, ,he Men- noiHles ,e.an t,. pevail a, l.,ie,h-iehs,a.!( . XoUU-vl J,,ns.en, as he was known set sail lor Amerua, even then the hon.e of l,l,.a,y. an.! j,„n...i th.. Colonv „' Kenssek.erwyek. he. onnn, a L,r,e landh.,l.ler an.l one of the ,,ro,nn,em ,nen .,f the rrovnue. •'<;'••■'>■'"> "^ ;Vor,hsa^si„ h,s'Reeolle.nons- • Tl,e 1 K,„ws a,e ,„en- u-,e, as amon, the e.ulu.t settlers of Alluny, an,l .,f an a.„v.. ,nal l.nsntess- Ilk.' I ii.ira. tei. -C-apiain IVtrns |.o„w was the .,nly s,n-vivin. son ..f lonas I .ouw an,! a -inhero, the..:,hr.„n,e,l, < ienetal Ass.anhly of .h" ,Vounee .,f Ne.v Ui he,u„ an.l ho l.a, at the ho„.e ,,f J,u.,,h I,,ek,„an in ,he ..n. U^u.^ in.' (. ily 111 Ni'w ^ ork. •• In ,;.,. he hnn, a, DonWs Toin,, Wolven II.,eek. s.Malle.l from the paeks — l-stlutu,, ;,;.,, v,p:enl..,l, he pl.ue. I'eler 1 )..uWs wtle w.,s a .1 n,d,- <. "' M.ijor ilen.i,,ekXanK..nss.la..r.a,ui was horn a, Kat Ttado, ,he ol.l Nan Kenss..u. tnans,,., a,(;Hvnl,nsh,an.l,h^^^ - Ann., \ an k..nss..l,,er 1 >o„w w,,s a won,.,,, .,f e e lor th, se .lavs, an,! she -■'>• — "1 H.r-n Voh-kert ,n ihe l„a,„hes .,f h^rnin, „„h uh„h she wa .|.-s.n.. 1"- was no ,amil,a,a,v,n the ea,lv .lavs hetween parent a, 'l"l'.'<"-.is u.n,eve,e„.ea,„i.,|„,vt,. ihel..,,,.,-. The honu' e.la aUon w,,s sn,>i.l.'M.en,..,! hv the n,e.,„.e instrn.t,.,,, f„rn,.h..,l l.v the s. l,ooh„,,s,er of ^ul "li. .7-|S, uMindVolekenl' 1..UW ,,,,,.1. ... ,„,.,„,„ ,„., ,,„^^„ ^^ .,^^ S-1 .1 (mix II 1 1. 1) OF WASIIIM.roX City 1)1 Alli.iiiy,' ;in-*-i ' "■> .''•^-'>^r'- T> voLCKiuir ri:Ti:i; doiw "On Mnysth, 1775, I'"ii\v w.is chosen a delegate to meet in General Con- gress in \ew \-ork on the 22,1 of the month. On Tues.L.y, the 23.1, about seventy of the eighty-one ilelegates elected, assemble.l ;.t the Kxcliange in New York an,l organized a Provincial Congress by choosing Peter X'an liriigl., Presi- dent ; \-olckert P. Do.nv, Vice President, an.l John McKesson and Robert lien- son, hecrelanes. Doiuv n-as appointed o)ie of the Conimiliee of Safely, in '77S' <'ii July 13, 1775, lit- was appointe 1 one of the Hoard of C.mmission- ers for Indian Affairs in the Xortlu-rn Department, his ass,;ciales being Ceneral Schuyler, Major Joseph Ilawley, 'Purbot Francis and Oliver Wolcott. ^ A month later he and Turbot Francis were the Commissioners sent to confer with tlie .'vichems and Warriors of the Six Nations at German Flatls. On September ist the Comimss.oners in their reply to little Abraham's speech acceded to the |)rinc.pal requests of the Indians, and informed them that (leneral Schuyler uui Mr. Douw had been appointed to keep the council fires burning, and to gu ,rd Ihe tree of pe.ce at Albany. Schuyler gave onlers not to molest the Canadians or Indians, which orders were violated with .serious consequences. On Schuy- ler s arrival in .Mbany, in the latter part of December of the same year he found sixty of the Six Nations of Indians waiting for him. Mr. Douw was the only other Commssioner pre.sent, yet as the exigencies of the ca.se .leinaiuled action, .Scliuyler ami Douw opened business with them. " In the spring of ,776, Mr. Douw writes General Schuyler: 'Mr Dean came down from Onondaga with the deputies from the seven tribes in Canada u-ho have been to atten.l the meeting of the Six Nations at their council house at O.miulaga. They told me that their clothes were worn out on their lonir journey on Public P.usiness. I told them that I was much convinced of it and have given them each i pr. shoes, , pr. buckles and a hat. I told them I would write to General Scliuyler to provide them with some clothes as it would be troublesome to carry them from Iiere to ("anada. They were much pleased with It.' ' " At the Council held at Johnstown in .Mar.h, ,778, to secure the neutrab.v. 1' not the cooperation of all the Six N.ilioiis, Mr. Douw represented Congress ,' ;-n'^ ^;e «■''.'•'''"'""'' ^'""""'^^^^"T- He was nominated for Senator in ,78^', and nlle.l the ofhce until 17^;. ' '" "Mr. Douw married, the 20th of ^ray, ,742, Anna de Pevster. .laughter of Lap.ain de 1 eyster, at one time Mayor of Albany, and a gran.ldaughter „f Co mel Myndert Schuyler, who had also occupied the mayor's .ha'ir. Six children, of the nine born to them, lived .0 be the parents of families promi- nent in the state. Anna marrie.l Dink W-n P.roeck ; Rachel marrie.l Colonel Henry \ an Rensselaer of Revolutionary fame; Magdalena inarned |„hnS,eph enson. and ,hey were the grandparents of the late Colonel Pierre X'an Cortland, of \an Cortlandt .Mau„r; Catrienna tnarried Harmanus Hoffman; I„hn de 1 eyster who marrie.1 first, a daughter nf Mayor Heeknian. sccoihI. a d.iuuhter of aer k. Livingston and third, a d.iugliter of Judge Leonard (^ansevoort ; Maria mirnd John de IVyster Ten i:\ck. 66 .1 aoncim.n or WAsiiixarox " Mr. DiHiw had a Iioiim- in Albany where lie spent a iiidnth or so in the winter, but he was always hajipiest at his own lireside at Wolven Iloetk. Just a hunilred years ago, Judge Gansevoort wrote : "'The WcilvcnliiH'ck, as iiaiiu'd nf old, l^>uilc fanuiiis w:is, as I am lulil, I'or passhif; throufjh a I'mnv I'tscciil, Will) always were on iliily luiil, Tlicy iliil llioir ncifjlilmr-. always yoml, As hdiicst norsoiis ever sliuuM.' "The house was a story and a half high, ami well spread out on tiie ground. It was built of wood and bricks, brought from Hulland as ballast, and shingled WOLVliN HOECK. with while llr shingles. The lop of ilie g.iMe w.ill w.is nuiciied into corl);l steps, and the black fore bricks of the kiln were laid, alternating with yellow ones, to make checks on the gable fronts. 'Hie roof sloped from the ridge pole, and dormer windows broke Us uniformity. The heavy, wooden, outside slint- tors swung upon massive hinges, with a cresent cut near the top to admit the early light, and tlicy were hele shovel and tongs, keeping guard over the brass llre-do.s andVender, came """ Il.iarlein. ( )ver the mantel was a long glass, separated in three divisions ''-' '"■'■" ""^ "'"■'■^'"' '"" '"K. '>i>d a htile to one si.le hun:; the bellows ( )„ each side of the chiimiey was a sort of alcove with ben.hes near the windows, e wainscoting, ihc p.inehng about the deep wooden .seats, and the mantel were an carve.!. i |,c alcoves and woo.lwork weie painted a bluish-grev < olor I'.e- tneen the front win.lows was a s,„nce, or oblong mnror, of gro'tescp.e shape, Ji'vided by a gdt moulding about a toot ami a half from the top, and with branches for candles. "The round I),u,:h tea table, supported on three . law-footed legs, stood a Ulle to one side, invitingly laid for tea. The linen cloth in the centre once be- longed to ..Vnneka Jans, Mrs. Duow's great-grandmother, and in the linen was woven the Illustrations of the parable of the loaves and fishes. The china was of most delicate te.xture, and w.is brought over by C'iptain Stewart Dean on the M A aoDf'ini.i) OF WAsniNaroN rtturu from the first trip iiiailu to C'liiiKi by ;i. Albuiiy sloop. As it was made to order, it had initials interwoven on it. The glass was all cut, and of simple design. There was the massive tankard with the Schuyler arms graven on it, tile shell-shaped sugar bowl arranged for ' liite and stir,' and the noma, or sifter for cinnamon and sugar, the slender handled teaspoons, and the shell handled knives. The naiikins were all spun at home. "Then came the living-room with its corner fireplace. This was where the family gathered, and litre, when the duties of the short winter .ns. "'I'lie small washstand was three-cornered, and the ware on it was dark blue and white. There was a bountiful supply of homespun toweks. A lar-e barrel chair, covered with dimity, stood by the window, and a bright bra.ss warming- I)an hung on the wall, to warm the sheets on a cold winter's night. The kn-e, heavy mahogany cradle, with a roof extending over the head to shiekl the cinld's eyes Irom the lights, stood in the corner, its last o. ciipant now a grev-headed man, ^ ' "Just back of the master's room was a small library, or office, wliere was ar- range.l on shelves the library, a good one for those days, when books were rarely seen n. or,linary iiousehokls. A large mahogany desk full of i.igeonholes and secret drawers, and tilled to overllowing with valuable papers, together with a wooden armchair, constituted the furnishing. There was a small room off the bbrary will, two narrow windows and a stone floor. 'I'liis was the dood kamer —dead chamber— where the '-> pocket w,,s his tobacco box of embosse.l silver, on winch was engraved his (iO A (loncim.i) OF WAsiiixaiox Ji' toat oliiiiiis, suiTouiulcd l)y a sciull, ami on tlic icvirsf was a ii'prcseiitalion of 'Siisaniiali and the KIdcis in the (iardei).' lie also carried a tongue scraper, tooth, ear an«^ !<' iiiyiniii: ri.isTox 6T ClXJkC]': CI,iNI(]N -/•'//M7 i:,K\rn:'r ,/ .\>;,- J,,^,;. si.ite •■(leorge CliMt,,,, C;ove„>,„ „f N„ ^■,„k ,„,, vi,, ,.,„„,.„, „r iIk- Um,e,l '"•■"■ """ '«"""' ^!"" ""■ '"I"-' S-™, , ,, ,„„„| of Ins ,:„|„.r , „ ''" '"""«"■ »;" "' '-■'*»■' 'l-l'- l-lin a ,, ,,„ ,,„„ , „ ' ^"nen 1/ ' , " ' ' '^ '•'""' ^'"■■'>' ''>• ''"^ ^•i-ponun.cu as in„ du-r- n^ii^tir:: i^i^^rr "u,;;;:^:;r i^^T^''''''^ ^ '" ^ .encal of the La.Ucd S.a.c At m ' ", "T '''!""""' ''■■'^^"'"■- N- Vork.he uas .„„scn. Apn ! /"l.^- ^ '""'-"- ^■---HUu.n of 7z::^.tT "" ■ ' '- ' '- ,.'^i' .,■■.; .f.:!;:, :-;:,!;■";":: ';;";„'■; ■•; ; '- f- ■■"- '• •- ■ -- :.,. .li: K..I ..>i™,.e <,,.,„b. :, ;;; ';" ■"" '"- '"■■"'"■ '"■"■« '-i'- ^ - t--Mi.nl States in , ' , s. ■"'"'' '" "'^' "' ^' l"'-^"'-" >' "' "- i'..vo,.,;:rn ' .t,:j::\:7'i^'';''''''^''^"'''- ""-">••>—. I'e 1..UI ,„u. s„„ a,„l live .h,,.,;., ''\.'"V '''^""^■'''' '^'I'l'^'"' "' I^niKs.on. J: «8 A annriin.n or w \siii\(; rax Auril, 1825, :i,m-'(l full V- five. AiujIIrt (laiiL;lit<.T niairicd Colonel \'aii f. rllaiidt anil ilicil in iHii. An oration on his death was ilulivcred by Coviriioi Moms. 01" his energy and decision the following arc instances. At conclusion of the war, when a Hrilisli oUicer was iilaced on a cart in the cily of New \drU, to he tarred and feathered, he rushed in among the mob and rescued ihe sutlerer During ihe raging of what was called the D.k tor's mob, when in consciueix e of the disinterment of some bodies for dishcilion, the houses of the phv>;;cians were in danger of being pulled (U)wn, he called out ihe mililia and .luelled ihe turbu- lence. ' The following is an instance of the skill, with wliicli he diverled alleii- tion from his growing infirmities. On a visit t.. I'ltlsheld, as he was rising fr<.m the table in his old ago, he fell, but was caught by a la.ly sitting next I. Il.iniilinii, Mr-. I'.nhr.ni, \ ynir liiiinl.K- Mivant \m11 iln (,m-.olves tlic 1'IlmsUix- ..f dining «itli yiiu m ll.iy. Tlu' uiicertaimy of cm ^tiiig mil, willi the Dilli cnliy .)f cro.,Mii- IIr- Kivor i.n;veiiU-il .111 e.irlicr nulilir.Uiuii. It is pinliahlr wi- sliall not he al.lo to ix'.uli l'.mt;likrL-|.-ic hctorc four ..'clo,!; \ |.,..|u„e lalon- u|. our i>n:uwt> tliuiv for llu- Niglit. " 1 am M.hlain N 0111 ino^t olit--i|i " ,V very liiinil'lv m'I"' " |ri||\ ( 01 |1K.\N. " Mus. Cl INT.'S." Molm C.H-luan wa~ at tin- lime, Siirgeoii-Gciieral of 1!r- Army, .n, tin 1760, lia.l inarrioa tlio only »i--U-r orticncial Scliuylur.) " I'.iKi I i',-.ir, l.ui'v, :i', 17S2. " KrvtiPiiil Sir ■• I liavf been duly favored willi your lelier of llie .;d in^lant ana ivlnin \uii my wannest tlMiiUs for llie Counnunicalioii as tile I nleliiRencc it cunlains will lielp to nniavel a Seene of Iiii'iuily in the peifeet Kno» ledge of wliieh tlie Safely of llu- Stale is materially concerned. I sliall be under llie Neeessily of making public Use of llie contents of it but will be inirticulady careful to conceal such I'arts of it and use il in su. h a Manner as not to discover llie fliatinel thro, whicli the Inlelligencc i.s derived. I have llie liomu- In be o with llie most perfect Kespect S: " Ksteem your most obi ser' " (ilA). (,'l.INTON. "Rfv, Urick, KoMKVNR." ( i.! uM MRS. CLINTON. (.fiti'fdy) i m Tin: iifiUEsor i:\Mii.y or i,,-: i.AMj-y 71 inM nr(ui;.\0T I'Amii.v of i.k i.ancf.v "The „a,,u. „r ,lns anccni lam.ly, aiuK'ntly .p,.lK.,| • l.anri.' ami later I-ancy n, Ha,u-c, uas anglici.ol l,y Kncnnc ,1c I.an.y u„ hang Hcni/cniml lint.sh subject ,n . .86. aftc,- wh.ch tunc he ahvavs w,.,„c Ins nan,c Su,.l,c ■io l,a„ccy-,hus n,sut,ng an -c' ,n the tinal syllable. The • .le ' , , unluiaiy I'len. h pieli.x, .ienoting nobility. •••n.e Se^neur Jac,,uns (Jau.es) de i.anccy. above nan.e.l, second son of U uN^s de l.ncey, „h X ,conue de Laval e. .le Nouvion, was the ancestor of the Huguenot branch, the only e.v,stn,g one of th.s fnndv. llis son t 1 Se„neur Jao.ues de Fancy of Caen, nuuned M.ngne.ae lle.tn.nd. .laug „ J ' -e Hertrand ot Caen, by h,s tnst wi.e. the I,en,o,selle Fuel, nd h ^l nUhen. a son Ftienne (o,- .Stephen) .le Fancey. bon, at Caen, October 4, ..,, and a daughter the ui.e of John Harbar.e. On the Revocation of l. ■d <,. Nantes. .Stephen de Fancey was one of these who, stripped of est tes. tied n.„ persecution-leaving h,s aged nu.ther. then a wu ow n, c cea nent atC aen. he escaped .0 Holland, where, renu.ninga short tin,; 1 ced d to Fngl.nui. and taking out letters of den.at.on as an lOnglish s bject U ;- -'. -' the .oth of .NF.rch. ,686. he s.uled tor New Vork' whe e ZtZ:;' y "• J;'"f "'--'«■ ".,e w„h three hundred pounds Me n^. . uk.d ,n n.ercant e pursuU.s. liy nulustry and s.r.ct appbcation to business 1. beca.ne a successtul n.erchant and auussed a large tortunl. . le was Z2 s.en.e and nnb.ent.al n,an. and held, through al, h,s b^, honorabl ^. u „ ,e councds o, the c„v as well as in the Representative A.ei lllv he oMiue. He was elected alderman of the west ward of the city, live v'e ,rs ....'; J™ ";::;;;;:::'; r;r:n;'-,t'7' -" '" ' "'" H,j;^r;,:';t ':,:::tt^::-'':^:"T -'"v? ":;ri:;' ,:::';:;:: ::":;■■• "r ''■■-.-;;^:^»-;rH: : 7, --""-;;;;:;;:H::;::::^"s';;::::''^;';::r,,--»: 79 A (lonriiji.n of WAsirixnTON ••• Niir \'iiKK, If ^7 Jiilicl, i6yi. '" MoNs. Al.l AIKF. : "' Monsieur Nolri' Amy Moiis. lidiilicilcv, avaiit cli' iiarlir inc iluiiru'Ki imlio i|u'cn cas qiiil vinssc a mourir il soil fail ilomiation dc scs lerrcs ii sa lilluule vulii; lillc, Sy vims ]juuvi-z fairc ciiicli|iie Ilcnc-ticc iles ilils lerrcs. Soil a Coiii)er dcs arlircs mi a faire ill's foiiis sur Ics prairies voiis le pouves a rcxcluslon ile i|ui i|Ufst' soil, Je siiis. '" Molls, voire In- luinilile ^er\i(iiir, " • IvriKNM-: HI. I.ANLi V. " ' Cell esl la verelable eo|i|iie '>iKieal death of Sir Danvers Osborne by suicide two daysafter- ward, occasioned the elevation of Mr. de l.ancey to the gubernatorial chair, which he o( cupied till the 2d of September, 1755, when the new governor. Admiral Sir Charles Hardy arrived, who administered the gnveriiment till the 2(1 of July, 1757. Preferring a naval command Hardy resigned, and sailed in the expedition to Louisburgh, and .Mr. de Lancey again look the reins of guvern- ment. "The ministry of England wished to keep the command of .New N'mk in the hands of Mr. de l.aiuey, but it was then, as it is to this day, a rule of the iMig- lish (lovermnent never to appninl a native colonist to the supreme ciiinnialid over his own colony. To elfei t their object in this case without viol.iting their rule, they decided not to ajipoint any new governor as long as .Mr. de l.ancey lived ; he therefore remained the Governor of New \"ork under his ci nimission of lieutenant governor until his death, S(jme three years afterward, on the 30th of July, I 760. " On the 19th of June, 1754, Governor de l.ancey cnuvened and pn^ided over the celebrated Congress of .\lbany, the first Congress ever held in .Xnicrica, over Tin: iircvKsoT family of hi: I.ASCFV 73 *;i V .H wliich lie presiileil. This was a Congress uf ilt'le^ates from all tlie Colonics, which the home j,'overnmenl directed the (lovernor (;!" New V'ork to ludd, for the purpose of conciliating the Indian nations wiiu were invited to attend it ; of re- newing the covenant i hain and attaching them more closely to the liritisli in- terest, and comprising all tiie |)njvinces in (jne general treaty to he made with them ill the Ring's name, and for no other pur])ose. Speeches aiul presents were made to the Indians who promised to do all that was asked of them, liiil no formal treaty whatever was concluded. The Congress voted insteaii, that the delegation from each colony except New York, shonid appoint one of their mnnlier, who together should he a commillee to digt^t a jilan for a general uiiicMi of all the Colonies. "The choice of the New N'oik committeeman was left to Ooveiiior de I.an- cey, who, acting most impartially, appointed his political o|)poi)eiit, William Smith, lisij., the elder. Tliis movement, which was not within the objects of the Congress as delined in the letter of the lioard of Traile aliovt mentioned, re- sulted in the adopting of u plan of tniioii to be made by an act of Parliament, whicli, after the provisions were resolved on, was jnit into form by Henjaiuin Franklin, who was a deleg.ue from I'ennsyKania, and which was not decided upon, but merely sent to the dilTerent provinces for consideration. " Before the motion for the appointment of this committee was made, Oover- lior de Lancev, being in favor of the Colonies iiniling for their own defence, proposed the building and maintaining, at the joint expense of the Colonies, of a chain of forts covering their whole exposed frontier, and some in the Indian country itselt'. lint this plan, like the other, was without eflect upon the Con- gress; for, as he tells us himself, ' they seemed so fully persuaded of the back- wardness of the several asr 'mblies to ( ome into joint and vigorous measures that tliey were unwilling to enter u|)on the consideration of the matteis.' His idea seems to have been for a practical union cjf the Colonies for their defence to be made by themselves ; whilst that of the commiltees, who despaired of a voluntary union, was for a consolidation of the Colonies to be enforced by an act of I'ar- liament. Neither plan, however, met with favor in any ipiarler, and the Con- gress effected little but the conciliation of the Indians. "In the autumn of i 754, the governor suugesteil to the assembly the system of settling lands in townsliips instead of patents, a measure which, being p.issed by them, rapidly increased the jiopulation, and prosperity of the colony. " On the 51st of ( )iiober, 1754, Cmvernor de l.ancey signed and ])assecl the charter of Kiiii^'s ( now Columbia 1 college, in spile of the long and bitter oppo- sition of the I'resbyteri.ins, led by Mr. William Livingston. So dec ided were they against the Episciojialians at this time, and so determined were the efforts of Mr. Livingston to break down the college, that, though signed and sealed, the charter was not delivered in consecpieiice of the clamor, till .May 7th, 1755, when, after an address, Ciovernor de l.ancey |)resented it 1 the trustees in form. " No .'\iiierican had gre.iter influence in the colonies than James de l.ancey. Circumstances, it is true, aided in raising him to this elevation — such as educa- 74 .1 <;(>n(iiii.i> or w.i.siiixcrox lion, coiiia'clions, wcallli, ami liis liii;li Loiistivalivf priii('i|>lis ; Iml lie owed as iiimli ti) personal (|ualitit's, perhaps, as to all other causes innied. ( lay, \viii\ , easy of access, and frank, he was, personally, ihe most juipular ruler the l'ro\ iiu e evei possessed, <'veii when dr.iwing tightest the ri'ins of government. '• rin' ilealli of ('i(i\(tnor James de l,an( ey, which look pLu e on the 50th of July, i7()o, was an event which had a great inllnence in the affairs of the I'mvince. He was found e\piring u|ion that morning, sealed in his (hair in his library, too l.ile lor niedualaid. ills luneial look i)l.u e on the evening ol the jist of |ul\, 17(10. The body was deposited in his f.imilv vault, in the midille aisle of Trinity I'hurch, the funeral service being perloinied by the Rev. Mi. Harclay, in great m.ignilicence ; the buildnig was splendidly illumin.iled. 'Ihe accounts of the fiuieral and the proi cssiiui from his house in llie liowery to the chiiri 1), filleil columns of the papers of the day. " J, lines de l,aii< t'y m.iiricd as above sl.ited, Anne, eldest daughter and coheiress of the 1 loiiorable ( aleb I leatlu ote, 1 .ord of the Manor ot Si arsdale. By her, he li.ul four sons; Inst, James; second, Ste|>lien ; third, llcathcote; foiirlli, John I'eler ; and four daughters ; lust, M.ii v, u ile of Willi. 1111 W'.dliui, who died 111 1 7(17 ; second, Siis.miiah, born iSlli of iNovtinber, i 7,57, died a spinsler in 181 5 ; third, Anne, born in 1 7.(Ci, and diid in 1S17, who maiiied Tlioni.is Jones, Jusliie of the .'Supreme Court of New \'oik, aulhor of the llistory of New \'oik during the Kevolulionaiy War; and iM.iitha, who died a spinster, aged ni;ie teeu, ill I 7(19. " J, lines do I„iii -"' "'■ l.i.'nl..n,nu (Governor .!.• Luury was l,o,„ n, ,lK. n,y o. Nov ^.„k. July ,5.1,. .75.^. -ui .linl a, Man.an,,,... ' .Ianna,.y ,o,l, kS.V He .as c ,„. , „,.,,..„. Sd.o.,! in ,.;,„l,n„l. an.la, ,„ n.i .a,y s. ,„ol a, CocmuvuI,. i„ ,;;. h. ..n„.,-...l „„...,„,,,, ,,„„,\,, ,„,,,; ami M.v..,l ,„, „, ,lu. rank ..f ,,,|„.n„ ,n H,. ,S,1, or |<„yal IrisI, K.^nnrn, .,.' '"'"•,. "" "■^''' ''^''l' f'"- ^' """■ '•>• M«'al luanussu naj„r oIUk. IVunsylvania l.oyahsls, (•(.mniandnl l,y Colonel Willi'ini Allfn. , ;■ "•• '•'•'■'•'^.■••'l "'<■ n.MUnW vsVMcs of Ins nu.llu.r. i„ ,1,,. ,M,uu,r ol S, .n•s- . ■• , an.^ Imvu,^ n.mrd Iron, a nnlHary IH.. mm 7S, u.,nn,nho Ann..,, a and ,..- .1.1 a, Mamaron... , „.. i.nil, a n. „• hons.. s.ill s,a,ul,n, on I l..a,l,..o,o 11,11. tin s,,.. o K,an.l(a,l,n- I I..a,luo,..'s „va, l.i.k n.anor hons., wln.-|, was a,- ...UMMallyl,un,ols..v,MMl years |,nor,,,,lu.k..volnt,o,,. 1 le , named .,S,|n,r S.,.- ..•n.i.n- ,7S,s. l.,l,.al,e,h Floyd, dan,l„er of Colonel Ruhard Floyd, of Mas,,'. Snll, k ( onn.y. .l,c head of ,l,a, old I , l.Iand fannly, .nd had three sons and nve dai,|;liiers. •• The third son of this n,arriaj;e was Willi.n, I lea.heole. horn Sd. of ( )e,oI,er .797. at Manuroneek an.l died at Ccneva. Xew \ork. April sd,, .S.^. .he late 15, shop of Western New ^■ork." I'iuwAKi) Fi.uvi) UL Lanci;v. I'lii-; I.,, j,A.\ci;\' MAXSiox //'■ 7\',>/: 1. , :,;',■ oj III, Ofli.ns "In the oldest portion of ,l„. e„y of New Vo,k, a, the sontheas, eorner of ;"'^':' "--' ^'■■••-. -. s a stately ohi U|,n,. .rou Inehelnste .-yn,,eres„n, h.stor.eal and so, ial memories. It was l„„l, a, the he„nni ^ c astee,,,nry,l,yS,eplu.nde.,a,,e,,ordel,aneey,,hea,,ees,or^ •'" .' ■ T'"-. J'^'"'-'^^'" ^""- "".^"-■. •"■" ohiood. and when th "'*■ « '■•''''■' '•• '^-"••^ "- -'-I-.I l-y I.o„,s XIV.. ,n u„S,, he tied r , ..s iH.ne.n Norjnandy. w„h no other ,o,.„n,e than ,„s ,e,ll,, , ;•'''•• f-'''VJ«-''^."l'i''-sl-in.hed,,,toh,s,h,,,I,let. Ilewasthent.., I""' V'"\"' ^'.'^'•' "•■" '• -"'Land full of energy and hope '"""•'■''•","•'" ''•■I'and.and then, e to I .o„dou, ulu're he he. ame nt,/.en (,{ Kn,i;land ; an.l. in the suin,n, be,vas adnutt.d^a tVee.nan under the seal of ,'he' e,t'r U'uh " the' ein, i If went to 1 iial,irali/ed I- "I' i''S'i, he .ame to N.'W N'.iik, where pilal .if _ I, .• 'in . II 1 . <> ji .' I ai>i a .1 u.,on^n nut,,,, ,„, ^,.„.^, ^,„„, ,,^,,,^,^^,. ^ ^^^^^^^^^ _^^^^_^ ^^^^^_ ^^^^^^ ^^^_^_^^^^^ , ' '• , '" ""^" '"■ "-^'^ ■•' ■"■■'"''<■'■ "'• "■>■ <• > uf A,l,„irally. an.l'fron, ,6.,, t" >'M,, ,u- wasaiialde.n.anoflhe.iiv. ^ •■ Ml. .le l,a,„-ey n.arrie.l Anne. .lan^hLa- ,.f Siephaiu.s \an C, rllandt ; an.l, 76 A (iotxiiii.ii OF ir.i.s///.\v,'y(j.v oil land conveyed to liim by liis latlier inlaw, lie built the niaiisioii above de- lineated, ill the year 1700, when lie was thirty-eight years of age. There he liveil in sunipiuous style as coni|)ared with his mure modest and frugal l)ui(h neighbors, until his death, in 1741. " Soon after his death, the de l.aiiceys seem to have left this residence, and it was (icciipied for a while by Colonel Ji,se|ili Robinson, who ajipears to have been a business partner wiili the elder de l.antey. In 1757 it i eased to be exclusively a dwelling, the lower jiart being then o( c'n|)ieil, for the tlrst time, by the mer- cantile firm of ' de l.ancey, Robinson \- CNim]),iny.' I'oiir years later the de Lancevs sold the property to Samuel I'Vaiinres, a imled innkcfii 'r — the NIIjIo or Delnioiiico of the last century — who, 'at the sign of the Mason's .\rm>,' had sold ' portable soup, catsup, bottletl gooseberries, jiickled walnuts, ])i(kle(l or fried oysters, fit to go to the West Indies, jiickled mushrooms, currant jelly, marmal.ide,' etc. In 17O1 he opened the de l.ancey House as a house of enter- j 1^- ^-r. Miff f^lp ;;*»'f^H DE LANCIiY MANSION. taiument, with the name of the 'Queen's Head Tavern,' his sign being the efligy --"X. Tin: iiri;fi:xoT r.iMir.y or in: i.asvey Tt tliey can have .,o l'a....„io„ t„ the Kavor „f ihc Pul.lic l„it .hat rcsuU, f,t,m ihn, ,.m,I.„css ui-.n all occaM„ns u, M\^,. l,i„„,,, „„,! l'„hMc KnkTl.inn.enls ,,n.vi,k.,l at ih. ,h,„i.,t ,u,'. tuo. Hrcakfa,t m rca.linfs. : „„> y tu ., ocluck. Jdhcs m «rfal pcrCcclion ; also K.ch and riaiii C akcs sokl hy |hu wcifjJU.' " The linn «Ms dissolved ,i, Fdiniary, i 770. a,„I li„It„n cairicl on iIr. |,usincss uniil May of the san.e year, when Fnuinccs again appealed there as pn.priei., uf the tavern. The good co(,kery and excellent wines at the 'Oneen's lieu! ' made ,t a favorUe nieeling place of the , Inhs in those days. An.ong the n„ .t ni;ted ot tliese were 'The Moot ' and the • Social Clnh.' '•Originally It was tu'o stories an.l a high attic will, a hippe.l r,„,f uiih hdrs- fades at the eaves, and rcn,,„nrd ., nil late ,n this cenlnrv uSlh , when the nn.f was taken .,lf and two brick slories put in its pla.e. Fr' ,„ Sam K mucV 'l.iy(whowasa nnilatlojtill ,„>w it has always been used asaboiel. The north cast corner of Jiroad ami Pearl .streets was given to Mr. .S.unnel Havaid who "uirned the eldest daughter of Stephanus Van C'onlandi, three monihs'arier .Mr and .N rs. de I.ancey's wedding, and .Mr. Ji. built a hou.se on it, which has long since disappeared. ' ° (Of the Inner /iwl^gc^^-^ BOOK PLATE, " Mv i.KAK Mrs. Haxtfr • ' " ^'"'' '^'""'' ^1"'' '^'^ '^'>^- i "^ A (lotxiin.n or w tsiii\(;iiiy and Ihe ladies yd, wns visiting; the (iennal's .lauKliler Charlolle, afterward l.ady Hundas of lUecliwood, at the time, anil was one of till' ladies who had to s|,iiid Ihe ni^;lil after, rnnninn around in Ihe woods; a nd ajjreealile thinn in the ninnth ol N'oveml.er. l.ady Hundas lived lill 1840, and lold my lather and my- self all alioiit ii. " (icneral de l.ailcey was at Ihe lime on I.onj; Island. " I am, very truly yoms, •' KbvvAUl) V. in: Laniky." n T'"? 'y-rj\ w -1 , jfi'v'*- I !■ SB ) I /■7, WnTr/Ze. {l\'re So) II ! r.i/iHAi.i. i/)i:i,' fiii.iiFX 81 <"AI>\\AI,l.\|i|,K (■( II i)i.;\ /.w/^v;,,/// <,„,-,■///„/■ „/ ll„- I'lovui,,- ,'J AV;,-. }',;,/■ "''■"''^^'""l'''- <'"l'l''". known „, li,eM„.,u,.m.„„| htenuv un,|,| ;,s a „|,vs, cun l„„..„M :,s,n,n,,„„.,-., s,„n.n,. was l,„rn .,„ ,1,.. , 7, 1. „ M,, .„„ y, . rss ^yS.HMl,rla,Hlwh.,rlH.,,n,,,l,,MM|,|,c.,K.,|,,,|,..,,,,,,,,,,,,,,lv.,n,-,^,s,, |,,s '•''l-was,|u. K,.v.Ah.,u,,lc.,- ,-,,|,|..,,,,,,nnsu.,- ,,,!,, ,nsK. .nS.,,,, , ,,; KM,I.M,nl ■''nu.r„,v..,s,,y.,ri^l,nh,,,,,, ,,,,-„,,,,,,, I,,,,,, ,1,,,,, ,,,,,, I ,. iH,r. i, (.,rwln, hU. was ,n,rn,|,-,|,lH. ,.„„,. ,.,1,.,|,„,, I,.„ u h, „• i„ ,a„l, | ""■I""'"'""'"""' ""■ '"■■ "<•--.,■,.„ l1„Ui..| a n, ,;,.. .a,,.,,.. 1 M, ,la,.,l„.,„, „ I,,,,,,,,,,,.,, K,,,.,,s,„„, , ■|lK.Uo„i.|,.s|,„.va,l„.. ;;; '-'-"'"'■"'■■ii'iH. ■in,„.nvi,..,„. .,,,,.,,,„„,.. ;, 'J, Z\uT-:' •''^-■^■•■"^•"''-l- i.'llu.a.,„a„„a,....,„,; ;"""P"" I— l„s ,,a„„„. ,„,M N,sHn..nMs ' '. ■ ""■'" '"''' "■'' ^— .<;..,„..,,,. „„.,•„,„.,, ,„,;,,,,';;;::;: 111 wIliI is Iii.w IIic Imuii ,,| .\|,,,,i •ini-.l a i;,ahl ,,C (w., lh,„ivM„i a. ivsnf Ian. ";■";'"' '"■""'■' 'y. '""ii"i-va^ nisi„„,iv a.,.,. an„,iKT ,.,;.. M.,:;:. .""' •""'• "'• --..^lir.l l,v Iws .Maj,.s.r., r,„„„,i„, '•iivi'ihiir l!r • lian lia II . ' ' '111! ll III I 7 ' > 1,1. >n-Na,ai II. iiiis ,.,,.,, I,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,.,,,, ,^.,,^^ ;;; > ,,,„,,, „;; ;,^"?':'" ;^"';M--.i,i,..„a,i,.w .•,i,s,ai,M,i,i;ai,s.as " CM liKlr II •' '■" ' ""• ''•^-'^'■"""' l-lHl'H,i,, 111,. „a,|.. ,i,„|., ,||.. :;::::'.r';; • '"""i^" '"•■ --i'-- .^. > i ...,.,„;:„. •"''• ■ ""'""^^''1 '''-'- ».istl,..,„„s,.,,„...|,...,|.i C,,!,!,.,,,,,,! I , •"III. ",,:;;^;: ;:'■'''■• "''^^ n,si,„,.„,„.. .....x! \ -'^N-'^-.!.::!.:: ;i:;:,:;:r;;..;\;:';r'-"-; -- Ml (•..Mm I a, I V,. I , I ii'iililv MlM ,M, |i,i,i,..| sa.lii„i,,s|,,,||,,|, a,,,, , J, .,''':;:;■ ;" ,r -''■^- "••'''•■ •■ Ins (.v„n„. sill '"•"""■'"• I ' -"M.-.„i|,is..|„.i,,|.|,„„.s,„ .lav ,11, 7 ■'•'''':''■■' "•■^' ■'"^•""' 1''"'"^ '""-"I- •i-i-s.; Ill', '■''■'■;■', '("■■"■"•"^'•- "'-"-.s, ,.,i,.,, -■ ^ -.--^^ii'i ;;.'";'::: ;:,:;;;:,::j::.:;':^ ^""--- ^ I "'I III, ,, I, I,,, I ,||„| ,,,|,v,.||i,.|,| silualion .,f '-'-ly l--..l--.l.ni,.l,j..a|„iisya,i,.„i;,l,is,.„i.,ni,,.,„a,,..s. 'I .11 I'lnladcl III II I ily. Si I I 4 \V i 82 A (tODi-HU.n OF WASmSiiTON and WL- fiiul liini eniliroiled with tlie oilier iiifnihers of tlie Council during C'osliy's, Ciiirkt''s and sonif succeeding adniinistralions. On the death ut Lieutenant Ciovernor de l.ani'ey in i 7O0. Mr. C'olden being tlie senior nuMnlier of the Council, was called to adr-inister the government, and in Angusl, 1761, was appointed I.ieuienanl Ciovernor of the rrovince, which oftice he tilled until No\einlier, 1765, with the esceplion of .iliout tiftcen nuiiiths that Cicneral Moncktoii was at the head of aflairs. The governinent again devolved on him in 1769, hut he was superseded the following year by Lord Diinniore. He was tailed for the fourth and last time, in 1774, to the exe(uti\e chair which he o(cupielry to tax throiigli the Slampand 'l"ea acts, the ]ieo]ile of the Colonies without their consent, and died on the 21st of Seplember, i 776, in the SStli year of his age, having sur\iveil his wife, fourteen years. Like all men in high station his admiiiislration has been rigully canvassed by his contemiioraries. The bitterness of the political strifes of these days having now jjassed away, posterity will not fail to accord justice to the character ind memory of a man to whom this (Muiitrx is most deepl)' indebted for muc .if its science and fur very main' r. Ccilden's Works and MSS., is a li'iig, .Hid import.nit one.) i!. CHAPTKR IV I'l KJ'.M) 17-;- ' 77-^ "Tnn .Irlegntcs from the C.lony „f NVu- V„rk." continues Chanceiior Kent, '. to the Continental Congress n> ,774, were not chosen i,v the (k'neral Assembly bnt I.y the suffrages of the peo].... nnunfested i„ son.e snlticently aiitlienlic shape in the several counties. "■I'he delegates to the second constitutional Congress, which met in May 1775. were chosen l,y a provincial congress, which tl,e people of the colony luul already created, and which was hel.l in this city (Albanv)n. April of that 'year and had vir.nally assu.ne.l the powers of governtnent. The names of the dele- gates f,..m tins Colony in this second Congress, were J,.1h, Jav, lohn Alsop. Ja.nes l-uane, Phd.p Sdmyier. (k-orge Clinton, Lewis Morris and Robert R ..vnigs.on ; atul tiie weight of their talents and character tnay be interred Irotn .l.e fac.that Mr. Jay, Mr. I.iving.ston, Mr. Dnane.an.l Mr. .Schuyler were early pl.„..d np„n connniitees charged w„h the most arduous and responsible unties. \e lind U ashington aiul .Schuyler ass-.-iated t-gcther in the cnnnittee appointed on the ,4th of June, ,775, to prepare rules an.l regulations lor the government of , e army. Tins asso,:iation of these two great ,nen connnenced at Mi.h a critical moment, was the beginning of a mutual .onlideiue, respect and ad.niration, which c.uuiiuied with uninterrupte.l and unabated vividness c unng the remainder of their bves. An .dlusuu, is made ,0 this frien.lship in he me,.,o,r of a tormer president of the New Vork Il.stori.al Society and the allusion ,s remarkable for its strength and pathos. After n,entioning'(;eneral kn . hee ; thy intelligence to di.scern ; thy .eal to promote thy country's good ■ truth peculiarly thine-conient it should be mine to have expressed it ' difiic hi s ''"TT "' '",''"'""^' '"'■'"« "" ''"' "''S ■""' '776. had to meet difficulties d dangers almost suth. lent to subdue the firmest resolution 'i he popu ation o the Colony was .short .00.000 souls. It had a vast bo.lv of dis- a eccd mhabitauts withiu ,ts own bosom. It had mnnerous tribes of hostile as:gcs on its frontier. The boiuls of society seeme.l ,0 have „een l'n.kc.n up, an.! society itself resolve.l into its primitive elements. It luul no cvd govermnent but .such ,. ha.l been in.rodii.-ed by .he pr.,vincial congress ■ 'i county .■.>mm„tees as temporary expe.Iients. It had an enemy's province in xnZl ■ ''""f '"T' ' -■ '"■^'^ ""' "•^" ^'I'l-'"-' •— ■• I'-l an open an.l xp e se port without ..ny a,l..,|uate .neans ,0 .lefen.l i,. m the summer of '>,(•• the state was actually mva.le.I. not .mly up.m .,i,r Canadian, but upon .uir i 84 .1 (ioixiin.i) OF irAsiii.scrox I : Allaiitic fionlier, by a ruiniidahle Meet am! ami), calculated by the power that sent them to be sut'ticieiit to aiiiiihilale at once all our infant republics. " In the midst of this appalling slorm, the virtue of our people animated by a luist of intrei)i(l ])atriots, the mention of wlujse names is enough lo kindle en- thusiasm ill the breast of the iirt-sent generation ( iS^^os remained glowing, uii- inoved, and invincible. It would be difticult to llnd any other people who have been put to a severer test, O/, on tr.al, ga\t. higher proofs of courage and capacilv." jmi ji- f H !i I JOHN JAY. >■/!;,•,• S^M ■ lOIIX .1 I )• H7 THFIN JAY S/,r/^sm,rn „>/,/ /■■/,,/ ChirJ J;st,. .■ ,• '^ "'■ ''""""- '" I'laiHc, .,n,| Ihchraiuhof il lo whi. h ur l,e- loiiKreinove,! fr<,n. thence to Ko. iH-lh-. (if ■ anceslors anlcior ,o I',,,,.' | ,y who h.|t iM-anceon the Revocation ol ihe Ivlicl o( Nanus. I Know nolhi.e'iha 'rs. aie (ines IS ccrlain. "As .soon as Mr. Jay's ,h-parlnre was known, l„s estate in Kniue was sci/e.l ■ an.I no p.nt .,f ,t alterwanl tame to the use of either hinisrl, ,„ h,s . hihhen.'' MlMoil; "'"•'■ .'■'>■ "!"• (?nnu!son of I'lVrre, ha,| len children ; |ohi, was his elKhlh '•|'"i..H:.lw.i. l.,rnnitlie,„vor.\VwVoiklhc,.i|,on.,ccn,l.er, ,7,, When ^NMiit years oM he was sent to a Kiaininar s, hnol kcpi 1,^ il,.- R,.,. M, Si,„,,„. l...sior o, ihe Fren.h Chnrch at New Rochcllc. Kii,,'s w C ,1,,,.,, ,„|: ■■K'- was I hen in ils inlancy, and had hnt feu sindenls. The ninnh, r of ihein I1..S never heeii lar,e, hut there are lew , olle^cs in onr connlrv win, I, ha^e pro- 'Inced luuie Kno.l scholars ,11 i.roportion to liie ninnher ihaii this. T,, llns c«l- I.-KC .Mr. J,y w,,s sent in ,760. heiiiK a Imie more ihan lonr.e.-n vearsold The .■xcelleni )r..S,,m,iH Johnson was then I'resi.lenl. ( hMhe , sHi ol M.. v, .7'., he -•< -•'-■d Ins decree ol llachelor of .Arts, aii.l spoke ihe Lain, >.dul.,lorv, winch " s t en as al preseiil. re^^nled as tlie Inches, colle„a,e h r. Two weeks llci- Ik- had taken his decree, Mr. Jay enteie.l iheofh.eof IVnjamin Kissan, -l'- '-".-.l-NVwVork.asaslndentatlaw. ( .1, connncc,,,, pra, n,-,.' '"■'■;";•;;■'' l'^"""-h,p wnh |„s relatue, Rol,.rl k, l.um.slon. Ks, atier- -n.MK„„,,h,, .„■„,„ s,„, of New York. In ,77.,, Mr. |av was m'i r,ed ,0 ^nal,. H,e yo,n„..st -laimhier of William I.ivin.slon, Ks.,., afierward hanrn.v Kars .overnor ot^ N.w J..,.,, .iid a ,ealo„s s„i,„i,shed p,,inoi of il,; •-.l,il-„, M..Jaytookhissea, inCon,re.ssaM-hil.,dclphM,',n,hesd,of S|unl.e., .77Tl..inK. he, irsldav of i,s session. Me w„s m ,i„. twentv'mnlh y- o. h.a.e, and ,1 is helieved theyoun.es, ,ncn,h,.rnf ,hc ,,,„.,. , „, „... . . .|l .Inne, W,,sh,n,ton wis chosen < -..imnander ,1, ( Tief. and a lew davs '"•""; ,^" ""'l"^^"" f.'«-'">-.'ls »cre appointed. On the 61I, of I„lv 1776 Coi,. «r:: """:'"■'' ^' -■>• ••'■ •■'l--"-sen,i,,h.,,h,heca,,sesa,l e-'es . or.l.e,r,akin,arms;'Mr. J.,y was, niher , I Ihe commillee hv w, , n •% 68 A (.nncilll.li (IF W.lslll\<;T()\ I < 4 ' (leclaraiioii was prepared, Imt it is not now known from wliosf jien it ijrccfeiicd. In the inonll) of. April. 1777, Mr. Jay, wliile attending in Congress, was elceied a representative tmni tiie cily and (nunty ol New \ Hrk, to tlie lonveiilinii or Congress of tlie Colony. 'I'liis (onvention asseniMed on the 14111 o!' May. ( )n the 2(;ih of June, Lord Howe and his army arri\ed off tiie harbor ol' New W ik, and the convenlion, appreheniling an attaek upon the eil\, ordered all llie leaden window sashes, whieh were then common in Dutch houses, to he taken out for the use of the troops ; an order that strikingly shows how ill the CiUpiiy w.is piepared lor the aiduous eonllict that ensued. 'I'he next day the convention adjourned to White I'lains, alioiit twenty-seven miles from the cily. On the ist tif August, I77''i, a connniltee w.is appointed to ])repare and report a (unsiiiu- tion. ( )f this connniilee he was chairman, and ils dnl\' appears to haw hrcn assigned to him. in 1777, Mr. Jay was aiipointed Chiif Justice of the Suiireme Court ; and member of the Council of Safely. < In the isl of .Angusi, Congicss rec.dled Cicneral .Schu_\ler from the command of the Norlliern ami), aid si'dii al"ler app 'inied Cieneral dates in his room. J!\ this measure, the suspic ici.s thai had atlached to Sclnuler were a|iparenlly counleiiai. ced by Coligriss ; ai il lie hid niore.ixer the moitilicatioii of si'cing the l.iurels whiih h.id bciai iciiid by his care and labors, ]>lucked by another. Congress, hi we\er, had themselves, no ihiubl of Cieuer.il Schuyler's p.itrioli^m and ,ibilil\. The true but secret rea- son uf his recall was slaleil al llie lime b\' a Idler Irom J.iines !)uane, then in Congress, to .Mr. Jay. 'Cieneral .Schuyler to humor the Ivislern peijile, wlio declare that their militia will not fight under his c-ommand is rec.illed.' < >n ihe fjlh of September, 1777. the first lenn of tlie Suiireme Court of the Sl.ile of .\c v ^(lrk w/s iield at Kiugslon, and the chief justice delivered the ( liarge to ihe grand jury. In the autumn of this ye.ir, while at l-'ishkiU. .Mr. J.iy leeeivul a \isit fri'in Ciener.d \\'.is!iii)g|on, «lio>e lie.idcpi.irlers were al the lime in the .id- jiiining county uf W'esichesiei-. 'Ihe object of this visit was a i onlideiitial ( on- vers.itioii on a pl.m then before Congress, for the invasion of C.mad,! ihe ensil- ing cainp.iigii, bv the cuniliiiu-d furce--' of ihe Ciiiled Stales and of l''i,ince. ( )ii the 7ih of I)ecemlier .Mr. J.iy reinrned to Congri'ss after an abseiu e of more than Iwo years. The stale of jiublic affiirs alli ved Congress no recess ; and Mr. J IV prnb.ibly thinking his pr. longed resideiue at I'hil.idelphi.i inconsislent with h..j d' lies as Chief Justice, sent his resignalion of lli.il office lo the gov- ernor of New V'ork. '• lly a secret ailicle annexed to the Irealy belween I*'r,ince and the Cnited Stales, a light W.IS reierved to Sp.uii cif .uieding to the treaty, and ]i.irlicipalirg in ils slipiil.itions whenever she might think ]iroper. Congress, lieing desirous of sireiigihening their foreign lili.inces, deemed il ad\is.ible to inviie his Calh- clic .Majesty to avail himself of the provisions of this aiiii le; and for this ]iiir- pose resolved to send a minister plenipotentiary to Spain. ( )n the 27tli of Sc|)- tember, Mr. J.iy was selected by Congress for this ini|ioiiant mission. ('(Utgress having onlered their own frigate, the Confederacy, to carry Mr. C.erard the French minister home, it was agreed th.il .Mr. J.iy should proceed un his mission f*r??» ■::v^-fC; '-; ■'*?»;»:i?>JJV " fJKTrv. M^^i^i% *%i.^: •'isifcltfe*-' MKS JOHN JAY. (/l,,i-.Ay; I ■loiix j.iy 01 ,«=s on the sa.nc vessel He received his instructions on the ,6th of Octol.er an.l four clays alter he left the country, t. advocate her cause n, Europe ; nor -'•' ^vhi.:b he announced his arrival in a lette la uZ ■ At length, n.y go.„l Inen.i, J an, arrived at the lan.l of n,y nativity , W-s (.0.1 that It IS also the laiul of light, liberty an.l plenty. A .n,; , cannot be .lescnbe.l.' The Reelings wi.h which he wasmectl.l 1, .w a 1 ^ tu. cil> of New \ork. acconipanie.l by the fiee.lom of the city in a gol.l b„x >. I ty M«; J..y was eleccl presi.lent. an.l i,.„wi,hs,an.liug ;he pH.suie of ^'^). 1%, S^y^^. ^^'^ \.A ^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. // 1.0 I.! 1.25 lU 36 IIM 2,0 III™ 1-A 1111.6 yw ^ /a /y "m e". e-l \m V ^ d? &« / M ^^ ^^^ %-^^<^ pi? r^^^ ;\ ■P»^B?W" mmm^mf i ll I H 3 93 ^ aoiH'itiu) or WAsmxarox with too much dehberation an,I sincerity, to be shaken by the honor now ten- dered to h:m, and tiie appointment was promptly and imaiuivocally .lecbned Ihe Governor removed Irom Albany to his estate at Bedford, six weeks befe.re the expiration of his term of office. "Few statesmen ha.l less reason to be .lisgnsled with i)ublic life, or ever qnitte.1 it will, mole real satistaction. For twenty-seven years he had been un- remittingly engaged in the service of his countrv, and had filled many (,f l,cr important ottices with general approbation. .Mr. |;,v ...ntinued for many )eais actively engaged in the impn.vements of his farm. Ik- died on .Mav i vth, i's2o in the eighty-fourti) year of his age." ' ' Kxtract from the " Life and Writings of Jul,,, Jay '• by bis son William Jay. " .Aii.oiif; .1,0 luimlicr of your Wends, permit me nl,,, ,„ ,.,„j;,al„lnK. v..„, „„ v.ur l,le l"""";^'.'''^' ■"■;' ""1""'^"" ^1 ">'»'^''>l- •'■<-• nsM„eaKe, the mosl pe, feet an,l l,o„. ou,-ahle accomp .s„ue„, ,., your „,iMiM,y, a,„l a .ale .eU,,,, u, the l,o,om of a ,,alelul eountiy " With the gieatest re^'aal, a,i.l smcerest personal atl.ichmeiit, •■ I have tlie lioiior to lie, \'oui most ohe.lieiil, '• .Mieiiionale luimhie ■.civaut, "To John J.w, Mv liL.AK SiK : " Hia>i(iKi., J51I1, July, i,S04. "'I'he fiieu.l^hip aii.l attacliment wlii.h 1 Iiave m, l,,,,,. aii.l unilormly esperi- cnce.l f,nm you, will „o, p.nni. ,„e ,0 ,lelay evpiessinj; ,,.,„■ .leeplv an,l siuce.elv 1 p;;,,ieipaie wilh yo,. Ml the alllielinK ^-veiit whieh the puhlie are now lamenliu^, and »hieh von have so many dumesOe and parlieular reasons to hewad. "The philosophie lopies of conversation are fainiha,- to yon. and we all hnow fmm experi- .nce how little relief ,s ,0 he deiived f,o,i, ,h,.„,. M,, ,|,e ,\u,ho, an.l only Civer of con'ola- tion be and remain wiih you. " With tjicat csleein and aireetionate iej;anl, " I am, my ilea,- si,-, "\oiii- ulilijjeil and obedient seivniit, " To Uf.ni;k..\i. .Scnuvi.KK, on the death of UiAtu.M. Hamii roN. " ' ^^' Mv ni:.\K SiK I my " MiPNii' 1 1,1,.., \,,v. loih, 1S24. .".''^ ■""'" •'"' ' ''""'"' '"V'^^^'f '""•'■ "'"'■•■■ "» >'i^' liappy shore of ..\nieriea, one of Ins, ,ii,p,n,es was after you, an.l the means to «et 1., my ol.l frien.l. The pleasure to see vour s.>n was «,eat in.lee,!; hut I leKiette.l the .hstance, engagements, an.l duties vvhieh ,d,li,,e,i me o postpone the lii.h ,-,a,iliea,ion to meet yon after so hm, an al.M-nee. Snue tha, time, I have been payinR visits an.l receiving welcomes, wheic every sort of enjoyments an.l sieh.s cxe.x,l,nK my "wn sanguine expectations, have mingle.l with the leelintis of a livelvan.l ,>io tonii.l giatitu.le, ■ ' I M I JOHN JAY 93 " Kroin you, my dear sir, and in the name of Congress, I was last lionoured with a l>encvo- lent farewell. Now, 1 am fjoiiiK to \Vasliinj:;ton City, the constitutional forms having chanj;cd, to await the arrival of the members of llie Houses, and be inlicKhued to eacli of llieni, with my thanks for their kind invitation to this our American land. "Your letter reached nic on my way lhrout;li a part of the States; I wish I could myself bear ihe answer, or tell you when I can .inlicipate a visit to you ; but waiting longer would not enable nie to know it, at least, for smne time. I llierefore Dej; you to receive the grateful re- .spects of my son, ami the expression of most aflcctionatc sentiments from your old Kevcihilion- ary companion and constant friend, " l.Ai .\vi;ni:. "To fiUlN J.w." BEDFORD. Tin; ur.sii)t:NCK ni' Tin: honhkaiii iniiv iw ,\r rrPFuRD, x. v. " TliL' fstalc (if the Jay t'aniily is sittKitcd in the C'lmnty of Wesltheslcr, near tlie piist ni.iil leadiiii; to Rye, at no great di.stanee froiii the river. Here tlie Honoraliie John Jay Jipent the latter pan of liis life. 'I'he buiiiliiig, a iianilsmiie Strurture of wood, iiresenting a lofty |)ortifo on the north, is (lelightfull\- sealcil on rising ground, backed with Inxnriant woods. The south front continands a Ijeaulifid lawn, and charming views of tlte Soiiml and Long Isl.md. Si me itiglily inteiesling lanidy portraits ailorn the walls of the li.dl and dining-room ; Honor.d)le John Jay, Inst (,'hief Justice of the L'hited Si.ites, and (lovernor of the state of New \'ork. Head by .Stuart, figure by 'I'nmibull. 'The Hoiioralile John Jay sat to Colonel 'rrnmbnll (his secretary) for this picture, whilst resident ambassador at the court of St. James, London. The artist sid)sc(iiienlly pre- seiiled it to Mr. Jay. Atignslus Jay, win) emigrated to this cotiiitry in i6S6, a copy from the original, by Waldo; Anna Maria Hayard, wife of Atigtistns Jay, by Waldo ; Peter Augustus Jay, as a boy, artist unknown ; an old painting upon 94 A UOIUIIIL!) OF WASniXGWN oak panel, supposed to represent Clatharine, wife of the Honorable Stephen Van Cortlandt of Lortlandt. of South Holland. This lady appears habited in a plain black dress, wearing a high neck ruffle and in her right han.l holds a clasped book. In one corner of the pi. tnre is in.scribed ' aetat 64 ,6to • " Among other family relics we notice.l the gold snuff box pre.sen.ed by the corporafon o New Vork. with the freedom of the city, to his kxcellency John Jay, on the 4th of October. , 784. Also a French liible, containing the Allow- ing memoranda. August Jay est ne a la Rochelle dans le Royaume de France le :! Mrs, :665. Laus Deo. N. York, July ye roth, X733, this day at four o clock ,n ye n;ornn,g ,lyed Eva van Cortlandt, was buried ye next day ,2 en ye voute at Mr. Stuyvesant's about six and seven o'clock. " It'' THE JAY SEAL. m JAMES DUANE. (/V/') likji^ *"* '"i'^i JAJl/:s DIAXK t JAMES DLLANE " Jnmes n.,ane, was the s'*iK,gi\ea or a„ »„,,, ,t„t .ic's^jd ;i;:. ::;:„:lr: ',r:;;;:,::°:;;;;:,': r- "■■',""' co„0,lo„c.. i„ ,l,,ir .,„„ ,„,„„ ■„ f„ce ev,„„ u\ T\ , ' '"',",''''" uancsl,,,.^!,. 1 his tor h,s de.scendants-most nntortnnale purchase ird need h on James, to add more an.l more land to it, until he hec 'me t e c, ^ f kcvolu.ion-n.any pieces of valuable New York City proper'!;- for this 98 A (idlicllll.n OF U'.lsniMiTON I scheme. James Diiane brouglit over a great niiiulier of Scotcli, Irish and fler- maii faiiiilks, provided them with land and implements, built houses for lliem, antl gave them all the privileges possible. The mass of letters from these ten- ants ail show the same spirit, and it must have been a most trying, as will as dispirilinu; venture to a man of James Diiane's temperament, energetic, sp.ning no p.iins to attain what he thought riglu and hisdiilv, and generous to a lauli. Ai'< the letters are written to induee the owner of the l.nid lo forego evi'ry right. The most p(jlite and abject letters, when favors anil iiu])rovements were (lesire■.' if.', vr. A^/*^ - ■ 1 : ■■rT'-jM ■ I « MRS. JAMES DUANE. {Page gg) i I I s^a£.:^sssiMsMsSmStii^' ■■> ■r.i.vj-s in -AM-: •I- ...Che- .f R.,,,,, j.ivin' ,,;.;, ■■" ';>"""' •'""'' ''^" ^'■■'' '— ■ <:-gc. \Vasl,ing,..n IVll. a R ,r ' i''"" ""T, '"^■"' "'"''" "^^'g-'^ l^^'". r.«I, at iK-r si.sfer's. A,,- 'jl s , ?^''"'"^^'-''- ^'"'''"■'-' '''-' '-nK„- «l.e possession of y.n.. IX.a c F. nnc^u n'T"' 17'; ''"'""'" """'^"'-'^ ^ '" "- -" '"g- iuui one of hi. ,„„ ,,„,,,, ,.,i,„e., ;r:.;:::;:,,„':"'-.:'^''-' '.'— " ^^--i- eyes and sniiic ajjout the niouth seen.l,,,, , " ' '■•^■;— ""^ '"'"""""n o| i|,e g-tWlcation of the young giHThZniM"'"" '" ''"' ""'"^''^ ^" "- bu...;. now in the .losseLtn of ll . ^s Z::;.'":/"'' '""^^ " '^"^"'- "Among the ieilers i.> .1, -'' ""^ ""'"'^ '•'■'"''tTslonehaugh. Vork. and then a long , Juer f o , L , "''^ "'"^ '^'''' •'^^'"'"' '" ^-^ ^-'^ "■<-' advantages tf havingM'olh ' ,/; V;^"'" '" "™i-'au- se.tn.g -th hi,n .t u,e manor duringf the .V, , ,, n"'- •■'"'"•'-'"'''-' >en,a,n from the san,e, expressing his 'u f c '".'"'''--"e tunes. ()„„, , .,.,3 at the n,ano, Poiiy ,„d'the ^^^^C'Tlr'"' '''' "' "'^^ ''>''-- recovered of ti,e smallpox ' ' ''^""" ' ''' ^"»" as they have seeiii'Xe't':;:, aiirt:;,;:; ;"^ ":-" "■^•■■•■' '- --< ^--"^-ip spondence shows that ev '. ' , ' "" "' '""''>■ '^'"-■'^ 'l--" --re- -any letters also no^ ^ZI;:^"^' "'p ""'"'^' ^''^•'■^''- ''"- a- al-ays in trouble, always ex e ?.o « ""■■ ' "■ '"' "'■"^"' '-'^■'■'•^^"'■> ^'■-■ing the plans of hLxciefatL^tT^ "" '" """"■ ""— -- always hoping his • d.ar l.o.h^ .^^^J lli' t;! ^-'■"•>' ^-"^-n of hi„, 1- .l.ft.culties. A great many le ,e s from """ ""'" '"" ''"""^^ "" l^rulge, England, fnll of descrimions of "■' -"""'' '""^'"'"^ "' <'a-"- ^^•■"- -i,es . n.y allowance o ^^^^^^^^ ' '"'" \7 ^"""■""■" ^" '"- ''■"- f'^o per annum and shouhuirrt Ur^s ^ V''^ ' "^'^■" ''"^ "" '' '■'^■"igston's have that allowance tho- f , , ' "'-' *"""""'' *''^ ^''-ilip ' ^}-"-'^<^ • I-ivingston wril -: 'Z:' '^^ ^'-"•. ^'-o.' Ro,.,' "■'"-; ' •-« of you keep this fr. , si P^;^";;"'- ■" -!">• "f them ,s Renerat.on ,0 know „,.,, these great-^r ,ndf ,h ' r '"^'V'n.nse the present the.r father R„hert Livingston '::;''' ^''^ ''''''^ ^1'"'^^ "' •''e^r letters of honored governor,-, our e^":dr:'V;' " 7' ''' ' -"- Pa.er,' Mhe f- ' brother James ' to keep 1 1| ', 7 ' '''' ''''''"' ^" — "^ -ce their mother's death lak^ .^:r,;;>- "^ ^^^ ''''")•. who had ' ^ "ith the younger children. James I leesf \ I 103 A tnuiciiii.n OF ]\Asiii.\(rn>x. Diiaiie's own lirotliors write also with m.iiiy troulilcs to tell, and desciiptions of their life in Jamaica or luiplai;W. One letter Inin lajilani Aliraliain l)(iai:e in London yives a curiuns idea ol tlie ' wire |)ulling nillnenii' to be obtained ' they called it, needed tor a connniM^ion and a ship, in the Navy of 17O4. J.niies Duane studied law in the otiiee of the celebrated James Alexander. lie was appointed t'lerk of the C!ourt of Chancery on the 2otli of Aprd, 1762. In 1767 to act as King's Attorne\ (.luring the absence of William Kempe, the Allorney- Cieneral, in England. lioundary (.'oniniissioiier 111 1708 and 17S4. The most imi)ortant work for New Vork state being the seithnieiit of the C"oniicciicut claims .. d the long conlroversary between New \'ork and New ilamiishiie iit regard to the \'ermoiit lands. James Diiane was appointed by New \'oik to delend the rights of New York from the aggressions of New Hampshire. •'()| J. lines l)uane as a patriot, the letters of his contemporaries show suffi- cient proof and the actions of New \ ork state on his return from the Continen- tal Congress show that the (jIiI [iroverb ' a prophet save in his own country ' was fake in his case. James iJiiane was a member of thecommilteeof One 1 Itindied. •' He was sent as first Delegate to the Continental Congress, 1774. A letter to bis wile describes the state of the roads and the lounlry and tlie departure from the city with the enthusiastic crowds, cheers and farewell speeches. In a history of New Vork, recently written, the bitter speech of Adams is rejieated, with no attempt at proving or disproving the assertion that James l)naiie was as we should now SLiy • sitting on the tence.' .Alter a \ei>(arefiil examination of many volumes of his letters to his most confidential friends and faniil)' — 1 have uniie to the conclusion that the attack of Adams was merely jiersonal spite, for the opinion of men like Washington, Jay, SchuyUr, (ireene, Ilamilloii and Morris shoidd outweigh this (Uie assertion. The letters of his wife deprecating his absence are answered by ' in tiims like these a man must serve his country either in the council or in the field." " lie was a member of the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1784. Ap- pointed Slate Senator 178^ in the place of Sir James Jay and reelected until 1785, when other duties rendered this impossible, ( >n his return to New \'ork the jieoph' liy a unanimous vote appointed James Duane first Mayor of the City of New Vork and a charming letter of congratulation from Ceneral Washington on the a|)pointnient is amongst his papers in the possession of his great-grand- daughter Mrs. John lileecker Miller. In 1789 General Washington created the First District Court of the United Stales and apjiointed James Duane first Dis- trict Judge of the Court. Hamilton gives an interesting account of this appoint- ment, great innuence having been brought for Lewis Morris and but the president declaring his intention that he knew a better choice than either of these and then asking Hamilton to retiuest of James Duane acceptance of the same. That this was (piite unexpected by James Duane, a long letter to ' dear Polly ' testifies describing the scene and what had been told him by Hamilton and craving her forgiveness for having decided on so important a matter w itli- oiit at first consulting her wishes by saying that he hatl only si.\ hours to decide mniii i i)^ ./.i.i//,N III AM-: 103 iiiul that lie felt suit' iliai mi llatii'iing a im'ssagc from ilie ■'resilient tlemaidccl compliance. "James Diiaiie was vcsiryman of 'i'riiiily (.'liuuli fidin t;;^ to 1777, and warileii of Trinity CJhuri li from 1784 to 1794. " He Iniilt a pretl) little cluirch at Dnaneslnugh, \vlii( li lie well eiuliweil ami gave a glebe farm for the use of tin' dergyman. 'The vestry of Trinity t'hnuli in New N'ork jiresented the cluirch at Duaneshnrgli with two large, heavy silver chalices and plates for the communion table as a testimony of James 1 Jiiaie's devotion to his duties as warden and vesli\man. 'The church celebialed its centennial August, 1S94, when the descendants ])resenie(l the chinch wiih a font, ewer and bracket and the iieople of Dtianesbiirgh ga\e a beautiful bruize bell to hang in the tower. James Diiane and his wife and several of his children are buried in the vault under the church and handsome mural tablets commeni- i VIEW OF "OLD HAND ORGAN/ orate their names on the walls. 'The old s(|iia:e family pew stiil exists with its crimson dam.isk curtains and the puli)it a real ' three decker ' with ( rimson cushions and place for the clerk, the reader and the preacher one above the other. " I" 1794. James Duane's tailing health obliged him to give up his judgeshi|) and a very beautiful letter from Ceneral Washington testifies in ilic failhlnlness of the fullilment of his duties. lie went to his new house .nt 1 )iiaiaslnngli. but belore it was in order it was comiiletely destro_\eil by i'lre. ile then went to live 104 .1 aoixiiirn of uwsiiixarox ill Silicncitaily with liis only son J.imes Clialliaiii I'ikuu' who liad maiiiid oih (il J)ic(.'inl)L'r, 1792, Marianne Huwfis, daiiglilcr of Ili'iiry ]iowi'is, of New Wik cily. Ill (lied very siKJiii'iily nii llir jst ul ■ihniai), 1797 il IS wile survived III Mrs. Alliol IVII. in iiiilil iSji, (lying at lljik' Park, tiio ii'sideiu c ut iitr dauj;lili'r, l>y ills gioal i^rcat gninddangliti'r, Makia IHaM': I!i.iixki;u Mu.i.ik (. ox. ■nir: iHANi: iior.sKs 'I'hc 1 iiiiisi' uii ( ir.inu'K'N' I'.nk was iiiilkM dnwii luturi' plioUigraiiliy was iii- «.IS llllllllt vciitc(l, and llic one JaiiRs huaiiL' lived in at Duaiicslnirgli, N. \' di'Wii and ik) ski'tcli lell. I tan send )ou a iiluitcgiapli ul' tlie lnuise Junes Diiane iniill lor ids daiij;liler ( '.illianiie, wlio li\i'd lliere man) \iais, .ind llie liieliiri' sliows where tlie |nirlrail uf (leiu'ral Wasiiinglun h.ings, and snine ol llie old I'nriiitiire iVdin tlie did house; es|ieei,illy an old hand origan, lieautitiilly in- l.iid, w hieli |ila\s .ill the old airs lashion.ilile in niv ;;ieal ^randniolher's liav. 'I o tliis (lid orj;aii have (l.ineed four generations. I will try and send jmi S.illic Dii.inc's jjieture and the Uiianc ( oat of-arnis. The l.uier is copied from an old seal— in the iiossissioii of my Innlher John Uleeeker Miller — belonging to Anlhoiiv iHiane, the lather ot J.nnes Diiaiie." ! f 'riiL' lullowing letter has never appeared in print. "SmjaI'ch.a, 1 'coi'IIiIk t Killi, I7711. •• in AU SiU: " WIk'ii cm my jounu'y from ! iiil.iilcl|ilii;i I ciniu- In iIr' Manor, llie sliiliiij; vv.is alu'iuly luavy, llii' niilil «i .illui tlin.ilcii il il»llli iii^l.iiil lll■■^IUl^lioll, ami my i.illlr wric mi weak ami fatij^iu'il lli.it I il.ucil not vcnlun' a vi>il. Winn I ainvnl .il ( 'oll;;^c^>, I proiiosi'il loi llic s use ol llic llmise wlicllitr we ^liouM (;ive W.ii lo ilie lmlian^ or not, ami uu wlial terms llic eommittee, wlio liacl lieeii a|ipulnleil on a leller ol iiiine on lliat Milijeet weie onU'ieil lo reporl wliieli was (lone, ami I ilulose eopies of llie lesoliilions as afjieeil lo liy llie lioiise. .\n aildi- lion.il one was iimuciI ' Tli.il llie linli.ins shonlil he iei|uirey ( on^Mess.' 'I'llis pioihieeil an anim.Ueil ileli.ile l>i;l « .is aller some man cf^emenl ujeetiil ; li.i|'|iily loi 11s nol a iiieinlier ol llie House in l.ivoi of the ri'sojiitioii leeolleeteil, 01 seemed lo reeolli'el, llie .Aet p.issed, liy our I.efjisl.iluie In lliosc last sessions for making a siinilai' deniaml in la\ or ol iIk- .Slale. I veiily lielicved liad it oeeiiiied llial the resohilion would li.ive lieeii eariied, ami wc should at le.isl li.ive li.el niiieli lioiilile in a fiiliiie d.iy. 'I'lie millions however aie not t;iven up, loi luloie I hll ( on'.Mcss I s.uv a iiiollun in Mr. Shei man's li.nid »hi. Ii he inlemled lo iiiiiodiiee, iiiir|ioiiiiii; ■ That all l.in.ls ' ■■nloloie t;ranlalile liy llie Kiii);ol t ileal Hrilaiii wliiUl sovenij^n ol lliis ('oiiiilry, in wli. never Stale lliey mif^lil l.iy. and of (o.iiils llial linil not already heeii made , should !«• lonsideicd as the propeily of ilu- I luled Slates and t;iant- alile liy ('011^1 ess.' lie insisted sliemiously on llie ei|nity ol llie me.isiire, as did the j;iiille- niaii fmiii Maryland and some olheis, the interest of whose coiisiiuienls l.iy, or appealed to lay the oilier way; Iml they added that 'if New VoiU, and sueh oilier Slates, whose wesUiii liiiunds were iiiihliiiile or weic prelelided lo extend lo the sonliiwaid wou'd he eoiileiiled with a reason. ilile W islei 11 exieiil, Il would .illord satisl.u lion, |irevent dislui li.im es, and i oniplele the \ I it ■■■«--n-y^vaP8r »«ri3»»ri;r.i'^Kl'g'' -jff- Ligrt- i^'r-,«v>j a-.'K :W7.!;^;;, -.'■ i 4 I ./.i.i//;.v /)ri.v/'; 105 I'liiim.' I niiswcri'.l ili.u ,,ii( syivania ...i.,, is I..L I-,!. 'n^!, ^ i':;'' ^" ' '7" '"<• ^-<. n... .,„„„. .„ ,,„;.: ,..,., oniano, an.l „„.„„„, ,|,a, I..L.. a,„i ,1„ , L':;''', """^ "'" T'"''" ''' '™''^ "' "..I.- f.,r ,1,0 l,.,u„.N ,„ X,,, ^„,,, ,„ , , " ' ""- •^'•.l-;'»rc.,u.. ,„ ,|,. 45,1, ,,,,„,, .„ ,^,„. •■ ■; "- ^-'^ It. I i.y ..,:r't::; ,::';;::;.;;;„:: ;:;';-' ■■> "■•■ • ^'^■"- .. "">■ l.,yo,„| ,1„. |„„„„K ,„,, ,„, ' J"'^ " »• ■■»'! I..- IM..,.-.-,! ,1,,,, all ,1,. ,,,,i- ■'•■""i' ""• '<• '"Ilea, yo„r al,..„|i„„ |„ ,|„. ,„ ,„ ",' """ ' "i''lilii''"l^ -n ,1,. .„l,Kr,. ;:!;;;";:;;:;:'"""- "■ "• ^'■"^' "• - '- ■■'--■: ;:: ::::::::::::;::;; ;:::;;;:: '"--n; ;:::;:;■:::::: ;;;;,;;-;,::-- ■; ^ : •■- ,■.......,„„■(, Ml I.,|u,l„„„,s I ,,„„,„ , "'•■'^i''!'- ^'•» ai,a„^;nnr,iKa,,.|„ "' 'I .Ul.nn,,,, J,,,,,, .a:,, •,'','''""■ '^''^" ""•'""■" '■.,„ .,„„,, -' I- '" ii'V ...i.K ,n ,l„. Annv f I l^ul """" '" '"'""■ ""■^- """''' '-- ^ - ■•■I- -1-. . ,u.di„e,i a,.,. ; '""'"'r'^^"- '--iiH-. ■.„„„,. ' "••■' ^'*Mi-' 'I- "111-- .l„l no, ,,„,!, „',, "; "• ^•■'■-'•'ly '" \Va,- as „,. .,,,,.,,„„. I'"'''"- "!>•■ )•".. will Ik- s„n„K,,| ,, , i " "" """>■• ■\"cr wl.a, I |,av.. ..x,.., „.,„■. :;,„';;::•" '"- '- ■■-«-:=^»::rn;;::T::r;:;"r;!":-- .«:■ -: ':;;';:::;„s:;;;:::; ;;;: ;::-;;:: ^::: - '; < »■ - .- « -. : >". »i"„ V.,, ,,,,,„ „„„„ ,„„ ,,„„, ,,>„"; ■;!; ~ !■■- I, ,,„ki„„ , ,„.„,i, ■"'""-■■"""'" > ■' >■." i' ..v,.„„„, „,„„„, , , " I Ills ilisaijanfjcjiicn, (ilni I'arnii.iil o| il "vc-r Ihr i.iiiliii "■'llyaM,lal,,.,■,i„„atc '•^'■lllillH•|l,, N'uiiK ,1,.., ,,|j, _ " I'll. S, iir\ 1 1,1;. " (■■i;nii.,:mi N . " N'lW \\,KK, 71I, Ichiujiv. i7,S.i my iliily 1(1 inin ■ <--•• " 1.: .1: "r;:,:: ::;,;;:;;;'■:;;:;•■ '■ ;' ■;' >■— i..iv>. „ ,.i. - <•" "ly i-i i.-n .,„s„i,c„..ii , r' " '"'' ' '"'''' ""■ """■•■ -'-•"■I" - I' 'I' ' ■■" "- -Hvasi,,,,; „„, , 1; ';;'■;":[;'•'• ";>"»; -m-l »isl,..sa,„l „„.,„llv l„. ^'■•-" '-"' iiiil— 1 nu. «.i,l, sn„inum,l V, r7 i \ ""' '">'""■ •"'•'■•l-He a.ul " " '-^ ' >-li.'vc lu.,.„ „..„, „.„ . '"''■ "'"'■'' '■' ''■' ''-■ • "•i-l- """" """-•'' '---Ill -i"v:;:;:i:\::!:,r;:;'7:;v:''-^'^ li"iil'l'-"r'liMrilmliiu. (1 mmsmmm WPI'i 1.1,1 1, .,. .1 „iJ Idli A (lODCim.l) OF WASHINGTON me twenty guineas towards the Relief of my suflciiiit; l'"eIlo\vciti/.cns in youi respective Wards. My liberality on so laudable an occasion is limited by the Shock which has depleted my private Tortune in the proj^ress of the War, but I beg you to be assured that my utmost ef- forts to proinolo the Prosperity of my Native t'ity and the Happiness of its Worthy In- haliitants will be prosecuted with unremitted zeal. " 1 havi' tlie Honor to bo — Worlliy (ioiillemen " with (he ulniosl Regard, " Vour iiio^t obliged S: " most obedient servant " Jas. Uuane. " To the " Worthy Aldermen and Common Council " of the (Jity of Now York." A\ UNI'LHLISHEn l.F.TTER. " NiAV VoKK, 30th September, 1789. " Yini may remember, my dearest I'olly, that I could not see you set sail on account of the common council which was then assembling. I had hardly taken my seat at the board when I received a message that Col. Ilamiltnn wished to speak with me. He asked me to walk into a private room, and then to my groat surprise informed me that he was sent by the rresident of the United States to know whether I would accejit the olVuo of District Judge. I told him as I never had solicited, exiiected, or even wisliod for any oltico from the President, knowing that he was hard pres-.ed by numberless applicants who stood more in need than myself, I could not on a sudden give him an answer. \\c loUl me that il was not noces^ary, and lh;u 1 might take that day lo consider of it. On empiiring from him I found those were the circum- stances attending the afl'air : very great interest had been made for the Chief Justice Morris, for Judge Yates and Mr. Harrison. When the point was to be deciiled Col. Hamilton and .\lr. Jay wore present. 'The I'ro^i^lonl observed that lie conceived a more respeelable appoiiilmeiit than either of the (lentlomon recommended could be made, and named me. Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Jay declared that they were of the same sonliments ; On which the President replied that he was pleased lo lind that his opinion was conliniud by llieirs, and Col. Hamilton was reipiesled to deliver the above message to me. .Mler the common ( nuiicil ailjourned, I found I was to decide on a ipieslion of great moment which greatly concerned my family without an opportunity of consulting with you or any of the children. 1 communicated it to the liaron (Steuben) alone, who was very earnest that I should accept it. I'mtli oliices 1 consider as highly lionorable. They are eipially prolilable. The Judge's place is helil under the com- mission of the I'resident of the United Stales during good behavior: the .May(u's annually re- noweil at the whim of a council of appointment. The Judge's ollice pcrmils him to ro>jde in any jiarl of the State, and alVords a suflicient portion of leisure for his private allairs, and recre- ation and study. The Mayor's demands the most ..lavish conllnement and a waste of time on insignilicant matters, as well as care . nd assiduity on those which are imporlaiil. In short if he is upright, and, as he ought to be easy of access, he cannot call an hour of his lime his own. These are the chief consiileralions, which with the honorable manner the ollice was C(m- ferred on me induced me to iclurn an answer in the evening that I accepted il. .\s soon as it was known that the Senate approved of my nomiiialion, I sent a resignation of ihe Mayoralty to Ihe Ciovernonr. The Council of appointmeni met the day after and appointed Col. \'arick, who reliiiipii^-hed the pla' e of Stales .Attorney, as my successor. The 14tli inst. he will be cpialilied, and I clear of it. Till ihen I iiiii. ""■ J""«« '^'■ yearly at New York and Alhany alternate *^""""^ "''•'f^^" ^^'i "'^'"'^er "For Mrs. Duanf.." ' Vour alfeclionatc and faithful husband, " J.VMES DUANF. ^^^»» DUANE ARMS. m^mmmmmmii^ 1U8 .1 CdlHllll.I) (IF UASlllMlTOX ROliERI' R. I.niNGS'I'ON ' H W Miiiisli'i- to I'ltiihc iSoi i>io4 Tliis portrait of Robert R. Livingston, lirst (/iKincL'llor of the State of New \'urk, was tlie work of Julm Vaiulerlyn, tlie noted ]>ainter, and was presented to the Njw \'oik lli^iiirical Society liy Mrs. 'I'luiiiiiison Livingston. Jt re|)resents tiiat dislinguislied gentleman in the court dress worn by liini as Minister I'ienipiitenliar)' of the United Stales to llie Court of France, (hning tiie t'on- siilate of tlie Fust Xa|)oieon. " The common ancestor of the Livingstons in this c(.untry was Jului Living- ston, a (Urect descendant from the fusl Larl of Culluden ( i :;29 to i,vjo). and an energetic preacher of the Kel'urnied Chun h in Scotland, ulio w;is b.inished from that country in i66_5, for luju-contormiiy with prelaiitai ride, lie lied fur refuge to Holland, that glorious land where civil liberty and the rights of con- science are universally eiijuyed, rcs]ieited, and maintained, and sclllcd in Rot- terdam, in which city he died in 1672, "Of the seven (hildren (jf the worthy '1 1 bore his name, and who inheniid the spirit ' "'''^'^'•■^ "^ '"">'"• C'uionial llonse of A^en I i . « 'TT" "'! "'^' "' ''^•^^' ^'"^'^ '" "- wh.h secn-ed innnonah.y .,f his .Z ^:^'::^;:r "^"'"" ^' ^"' ^'^^ sketche :;;;,;;i::;::"; ':':!:: ^^ :"^ r^?'^ "•"-- "^ •>- i- ^-^^ •<.:.., his -vi;.s as .^R^ ;iCn,;r"'^ ''•^ -^ ^^^^-^ "'^'■-^-> ^'t •■- ■-, .or of the s.:„e of New J " ' ''""^'";" '':"'" ^^'^•"' ■'--'y. --' - f l^vcrnor ^^^^^^^.^ ^. .^_ Jus.) , th,s latter posU.on he held t.U the close of his active ""'1 ""l->'^'>,t part in the \ ■ f , r V'^' , '"'"""'" "'""^ ^"' ^•'-'''^••^ I='...o,ne. and ^.s pronl^rt,^ .rr;:- t^' n' '"^ ^^'"""■^ °^ P"l'"c positions, and in 1806 was rnsed ,1 , "7''^'''' "'"">' '"'I'ortant the United States J lis death l- ' "'^ "'" •^"1"'^""^ ^'°"" "f ing this assen.hl ,e d '^ j t^ "' "'^ '«:'' "^ ^'-•^'•' '«^3. Follow- of Livin,sto,t a..jn,ed dS at ^;:;'';::'""r'''''^ ^'^"^•^'■^•^'' '^'-'y .i^; h,,t of Utese tin.e w,ll not JJ:! tZ^:!!:' ''''"'' "'^'"^^ '' '^^^ Robert Livingston, fust Lord and Patentee of the Manor, f i • • to Ins yonngest son Robert thirteen thonsan.l ac e „ ' '"""T"' '"" town of Clermont. Tiiis ennt w-,. in .■ , ■ ' ''""'^ '''■'"« 'he plot formed an.ong the dh . ! " ^'""'^'-■"y -'<> ^n.s.ratn.g a His only son ancU hi R b^- R ^J ^ T' ""'"""""" '^'^ "^ "-"-• owner of this lar.e est Ue nd n ^''^"f ""', ^'''^''^ "' his father's death the ing the appointnS;:;' ;; :'n^ :rE ;;;;:'e;;:;r''H "^ "■^^'"'^' ^^^^'^- gate 10 the Colonial Congress, which na. New Vo k (f ^ I""" " ''^•"■■■ consider the means of a general and unit c . .h, fu oJa ::^^^^^ ^'V '''^' ' '" tat.on of their condition to his Ahiestv ''.';,.''''''" '■''''■'■'^'"- ">u.t, and to inn.lore relief f 1 . ' ' ""^ ""^ ^■'"-''^'' ^'"'i^- duties and ta^es'o, h" 1 ^ X:^^ "T'"""'^ "' '"" ""'">'' '^^^-S Act Congress. Robert R . ^" ''"""'" '" '"^'"'■>' ^'^ 'he Stamp cla.ghter\nd ch e 'li r^^'cT'T/"^^ ''"■«^"" '^^^^'"^"'' -'^ They had a numeron n, ,f ^'^i ,^^''""^'' ''^^y I^^-«-'kman, of Rhinebeck. i;^^.g.on, orcierniti-'i: .:;: ;r:Lir;: '1^:";;^ r^ ""r- '• of Afyies Cooper "e't. . "I ' "'«'^' "''^" "'"''"'■ "-' l"-i''-'^T and later in the office of is U V'' ^""'■"" ^'"'■"'' •■"-' '--'an' Jersey. '' "' ''"■ '^""'"^'"' ^-^^'''^r \\iilian. Livingston, of Ne^ sfsia^lfmmm 113 .1 aoDciili.i) or \v \suisi;Tox " In 1773, lie was ailiiiiitcd to the bar, and for a sluiit time was a biisiiicss partnt-r of John Jay. lie niit with ^n-at succfss in thf practice tji law, and was appointed Recorder of tlie city of Ne\v \\>vk, under tlie Crown, in 177,?; tliis ofticc he reiauied but two years, losing it throngli his allacluneiit to liberty and bis active sympathy with ihe revolutionary spirit of his couulrjmen, wliic li to( k form in deeds in 1775. " lie was sent a (lelei;ate from New \'ork to the C'onure^s of 177(^1, and had the lioiior of being chosen one ol a ci-mmitlee of five to drafi llic Dechiration of Inilependence ; whuh, owing to absence, lie was ]irevented from signing, being called away to New Voik to atteinl the Provincial t'ongress, of which he was a member. " t)ii the 8ih of July, 177^), he took his seat in the Trovincial Convention — which on the same day changed the title of the I'rovir.ce to that of the Stale of New N'ork — and was appointed on the connnittee to dr.nv up a state coiistitiition. "During the Revolution he signalized himself by his zeal and efticienc)- in the cause of independence, and he ra.iks with the most illustrious char.iclers i.^'i that notable period. " He was the first Chancellor of the State of New N'ork, and held that hiuli position from 1777 imtil Februar)', 1801. In this official capacity he h. id the honor to administer the tiath of oftice to Washington, on his inauguration as fust I'resident of the United Slates. The ceremony took iilace at the ('ity ll.ill, then fronting on Wall street, in New \'ork city, whicli had been specially fiti( d up for the reception of Congress. On this memorable occasi(ui, ( iiaiuclhr Livingston, after having administered the oath, exclaimed in dee]) and imjues- sive tones, 'Long live Ceorge Washington, I'resident of the I'nited Slates.' "From August, 1731, to .•\ugust, 178,5, he ably I'llleil the impurtant oflice nf Secretary of F'oreign .Affairs for the L'nitetl States. In 17SS, he was made Chairman of the New \'ork Convention to consider the I'nited States Constitu- tion, and was priiicip.illy instnmient.il in procuring its adoption. " Chancellor Livingston was tendered the post of Minister to France by Presi- dent Washington, but saw fit to decline its acceptance ; at a later period, how- ever, after refusing a position as Secretary of the Navy, in the cabinet of Presi- dent Jefferson, he was prevailed upon to undertake the mission to France, and was appointed Minister i'lenipotentiary t(j that government in iSoi, resigning the Chancellorship of New N'ork, to accept tlie jiosl abroad, I'pon his arriv.d in France, he was received by Napoleon l!ona|),ule, then First Consul, with marked rcsjiect and cordiality; and enjoyed the warm friendship of that re- markable personage, during a resi-''^'- ^^PjhBv^ ' * 9^K. H^^HI' '''"'"' ^K^SH^^**^ ^H^MJI ^^^^R^-.'-' '"'••■;*^' ■Mp^ Jj^F - ^^P^^.'" ■'■>■■■■.;■• ,. 11^-^ -v/j^K^^ ^^K' nK^^^ ' -'i"' '?^^BP^ ^^^^F '■" W^mf/ IHjHi''' ' Jk - j •.^ .^ ^^hI^" ^^ 1 -^Xl/;:; ^BHP^'- ' T' r ^^fc-_^^ ■!!/''.■ . JSy- /;. . ■ ^^Hj^^^n^i^TtnT .-.' ^ Ay .4^ ^^^i^^H^i^ ^^B^aiiii^'' ■ " ■ ''^^^... j^, ^1 I^^^^B^E^^^PKa^ ^^H^^^Ht ^ TT^*^ W^^'tSb K ^ .^MT^BFTsK' ' *H.'' ^^Hiife^'^''^-— ^'^ "#j 1-.F flP^m%k'"-% H^^^^^^k'"^' -' #^ IB^P^ ^'«H^i8»-;.-.-- ^^ ^^^^^^^^^Hp- ''i'-jC' 1^;-^' 5^". ^^^^ ^^ *'- '"v^^- ^ ^^^^^^^^^^KI'-- - V^ '''^^^^dw^^MB^ k^^- ^^ W. ' '^--.w ■''';•*"" ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "^ fX -iM^^HHII^S K ' • ■'.'■ : \ -^ -^.,» . 'Ta1'*!BI^^-''i- '." 'ff^jaOwB?' ■ ' 1 i^^iif^- '' '.'^''^nSliHi^ ' '»>». ./. ^^^^KVj£«Sg^' 191 '-HMp' ' ^^^^^^^■jT '^ff^^' ^ iS^'^%v;'-'' '- • -?^«,?■: ■ ■ IE' ^^a i»'v^.-wii^j' ■i^T-'»ir . *.v ■--■« ; ■ ..A's. - Bli ../V'-'-i^H^^H -■•■ ~'-'' '"' '■ . ■ . 1 MRS. KOBEKT R. LIVINGSTON, (Mother of Chancellcr Livingston.! u I lioisEirr u. i.ii iM.snix 115 Tlie sliart' i)f Monroe in ii,,. i, ,, «ur. as .1.C .:;,:::.*:;• :::;7'7''^'"^''' "«''""« "'-'«-- .n.s spoliation tcl, ' " '" '"""""^ '' ^•■"''■"'^'" '"^ ""^ """- ;:r;^;;i:;r:r--;;;::;r- :::;:'-:: c^,;: token of I is frien.lsl,,, „ ,| • ','"."' ""'" '•'"''"""' "'"'• '" ":;::^:rr;;^;:,::::^';-r''-""4%-::::::^:;:;:::™;::;::: ..,).. U,,.»„.e' i, , , '"," ^ '<>■'■'»• h.„.,„.. II..,. I..' ...e , ,.',""""; " TT' ' "'■"■'' "' "■'" "■"'■'■ "'■'> ""-"- "-"-.: ::'™::.'"v:'";;'':;;:;;'7 ;"", »'l'^" l''"l 1«M, ,lonc in \,„..,u-, -uu r 1 :''"'">^''^' ^" •|na.nic.l Inn. will, to tl.c s„l,jc-c,. T.,.,e,lu'. ;., ' ""■"""^' '" ""•" ''i^ '"'-"-" -"-->-.. s.n.: .:■,,;;■;;::;;:::;:— ;-^ :.,., ".e ll...i»... ,lv,., ,v|.e,J ,?■ , ■'"'""'•■»»^ I....11 1. cl.„l „ --:■;'*''"- -;-.;;"i7:'r: ,;;;.-;: '''''■-'"'"■ "f .l.e ..cLr.., , , ,;; ;7 ■'■";■" '"-r'^"-' ■!». ,e„U.r i-„::;::r::L^;r;:';:r"r"""' ■"'""™" "-" ^■.al other distinguished ciu.cns, he served on the commission appointed for this I • I mam ^^^T^S^F^^^^^^^y"^^ 111) A (;in>ciiii.i> or wAsins'inos piirpusf hetweeii New Wnk, M.iss.k Imsfits .iiid Nlav ll.iinpsliirf. and wliitli iii;\y 1)0 sail! tt) have given tlic sl.itc uf \ciiniiiil lo the I'nion. " 'I'liu rL'tiriiiicnt cit Mr. Livingston from pnhlii; si'r .ice was imt (lie begin- ning ol" a new era of nsduiness in his inenioraljle career. I )iiring the remainder of Ids life he devoted nnu h time and attention lo the sidiject of agrienltnre, and was actively engaged in introdn( ing a nniuber of valuable nnprovtmeiils in that art into the stale of New \'ork. 'I'hrongh Ins endeavois the use ol g)|)suni for fertilizing pnipwnes became i|niie general, and he was the (irst lo introdiite the celebrated breed of merino shceji to the farming i omnuiiiity west of the Hudson river. " While a resident of i'aris, which then, as now, was a great art centre, and the resort of the rellned and intelligent from all jiarts ol the civili/cd world, Mr. Livingston funnd time, aside Iroin his oflisay on Sheep.' His last work, written a few days previous to his death, was devoted to agriculture, and was published in lirewster's I'-ncyclopedia. "Among the men of our common country, who by their deeds and fame have added to the national glory and to the substantial welfare of the land, a pre- eminently con.'-piciioiis place will ever be assigned to Robert R. Livingston. Kminent in the profession of the law, he occupied several of the highest posi- tions ill the .Slate and nation, in which positions his legal talents were of great benefit to his fellow-citizens, and met with the universal ackiio\\led;;nient they so richly de.served. ".As an orator he possessed a marked degree of jjersuasive eh (|ueiice, w''icli was frecpiently successful in overcoming the most deeply rooted |)rejn(lices. ILs well known patriotism and acknowledged integrity of character lent an almost irresistible force to his utterances, and enabled him to rivet the attention of his auditors. So distinguished a jwrson as Franklin termed him the Cicero of America. As an author his works show an intimate ac(|uaintance with the sub- llOJI/:Hr I!. l.inx,;.s7Vy jj^ "1.. his career as diplomatist, h. cv.n.e.l a n.asterly nl.,l„y ;„„| ., keen iMsi.ht of d.aracer. whu:h ren-Lrci every .,eK..„.ai.,„ upon wlucl he entc e capacy a bnlhant as .dl as honest SMcce.ss for h,.s country ; an.l e ' , won the apprec.a„on of his conntryn.en, hnt al.o the esteen/cf the r ^ 2 c .Is w.th whon. he «as thrown in conta.:.. As an earnest worker ,n s e '> w ose .r^ventue ^enn. tl,e worl.l ,s in part in.Iehted for t-u- early a i c l', :;;:::;'Unk!:,"^""^'" " -'- "--'-" "^ ••'^- -- -•-« -^ ^^-" "A lover of the heantifnl. he was among the earliest an.i most liheral p-.lrnns -n the ,levelop„,en, o. a pure tas.e amon,, his coun.rvmen. H;,s mental at. • was of tl. most remarkahle nature. U.-Hng h.m .o hn.l sufficie " :L: change of en.ployment. where otiurs den.aud amusen en.s and plea u e n.nud a.^reeal.le employment in the study of s.ience historv llTi' -'' -P ." the '-t.laysof his active an. useful lirV^^iill^fH "^ scss,on of undiminishe,l mental energy and undoud:;i ■i;;;,::^"'' "' ''' ""^- relh'r"" "^ V;'-'KnimI integrity of chara.ter, amiable disposition and ;;"-;ej.ned and distinguished n.en. .oth";:!^:;;':,—'' wSZ: ^^ r.l-^';i:e'M''^s"'fr'""r'''"' ^"^^ ^^^ ^-'^-s, end, State was entitled to Pia.t il,t statues ot two of ,ts most prominent titi/ens in the Cnmol ,. W , i ■ng-on The state of Xew York having nu.le ,., on. sell 'l , ' ^ C ^^ tin ton, w ose nan,e was suggested by Governor Honmau-at hat i.e en |.n^.ent o t e gubernatorial office-an.l this non,ination h ^ ^ ^ ■ pproval of the Legislature, it devolved upon his successor in Jul C ^^. to „.,ke the second nomination. ^Vitl discri,:;:::^: :, ^ 1 "^l r^r . ed gentleman selected Chancellor Livingston for this h,g , I o^ Tl Z " "^-t'on receiving the approval of the legislative body '^lr F 1) sculptor of note residing at Albany wisseler.ed , I ^" ''' '' J. ..iug .nished. waf placed ^:\i::^Zi:::::::]:^::z: c^!!;, i:^r^:;:;:,i;::::r:r=:-^^^ 1l^.s statue. Which has been pronounced by competent ^g^^^of'^rt 118 A iioDciin.i) OF nw.-^niMiTox in the collection, is in bron/.e, anil of colossal size. Tiie t'hancellor is repre- sented standing erect, his form mantled by his lobe of office, which falls in graceful fokls from his broad shoulders. The right hand bears a scroll inscribed ' Louisiana.' suggestive of his great diplomatic achievement, which securcil for the United States the innnense area of territory now comprised witliin the boundaries of the si.\ slates of Louisiana, Arkansas, .Missouri, luwa, Minnesota, and Kansas. " Few men have enjoyed in so large a degree the coiilliieiKe of their countr)- nieii, and fewer still have been more actively engaged in events of greater im- portance to the world ai large. His well-poised judgment furnished him an uii- errir ; guide in both public and private affairs, lifting him above the ordinary weaknesses of the multitude, and he was alike distinguished for his probity and his wisdom. "After a most useful, active and patriotic career, he passed from tliis life on the 26th of Febru.ny, 1S13, at his seat at Clermont, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. The memory of such a lite is in itself a priceless legacy. •• Fkkiikkic;< 1)K 1'i.vmi.k, l.L D." AN INl'flU.I.'-IIIIl I.KITKR. ' I'AKi^. 15' liriim.iire, lOlli, Noli. ■ bIR: "The enclosed loiter wa> commitled to my care by Mr. I'lclu'ii. I am mortilioil llial your absence iirevonl> my luivinj; llic lidiiur to ileliver it into your liamls i>etM)n.Uly. Ilul ,ns il ni.iy possibly contain M)nietlun>; inlcicsling eulier to youv.icUor Mr. I'icliun, 1 ;hcst respect " V-)ur most ol). \ hum. Soiv.t. " Uoiii.ki K. l.iviMisroN. " Citi?cn " Joseph lionaparte " Counsellor of State. AN tNrri'.i.tsni;i) i.i:ttkk. " U. S. Frii;ati; CiiKs.vri AKE. " HosroN, .Xpnll 2j,l, 1.S13. << Dkak Hkotmi-.k : •' We arrived in Hoslon on the oth. I beg you will forgive me mi\ noi writing lo you He- fore. I have written lo Mother \ got an .\nsHer. I have only to slate that I am well. I hope these few lines will lind ymi well and yom family. I ihink (apt. Kvans will lake ihe C'onstiintion ; if he does I will try lo come home. '!"!!• Chesapeake will be ready for sea in 40 d.iys. The Constitution wont be ready f(n sea this 'Ihiee Months. We have had a cruise ;? noiiF.nr n. /.inxasrox of MS .lay^. Wo h.vc taken fue prize. i„ All. wl.icl, will amount to four hundred the dollars !or n.y I'art I .hall have 500 .lollar.. Vou must write to „,e as soon as I'ossil, ean. I want to hear from you All lift mount to four hundred thousand ily you " To Mk, Jamf.s I.ivim;stcin •■ Hath " County LIVINGSTON A.KMS. ' mm GOUVKRNIiUK MORRIS. (/i^v /-■-•) '/•///■; Moitins r.iMii.y I'j.t 'I'lIK MOkKIS FA.MII.V 'J 'I M(,r -.'^">' ^.^^•'H....:^;:;rM.n ''■^^:::■:;:';^;7■•■'- •""'«'ll l".'^"ta,i,ls„uliMto;,|lnnl..-,s,r . ll "' '"• 'I'"-"' I'K "MT liis ailaiis uasciiilailcd liy ll,,. ,. Ml liliflll (if " His Ifisiii,. (,,:• liiiiikii, ■■"'— --i:;:: ,■::::;:, -,:;::'".'; -^- « ^"i.l Ilaukinsu'as w,nlr,| |„r I,,. U , '" ' "" ■^'■•'■'- ' I"' "i.-,,! |),,u. '-''lH.a,,l,,r,nl^V,?r\, '''■'' '''''''"''''"^ "'• '■""- In .6 o/i, , : .^ - -rK,,.. „,„, a w..al,l,y la.,y l,y ,„.. nan,., of -" <■ n!u.i.„. n.: s : : :; ';t' '"^^^^^^^ >■•'-•" '>-„ tl'an three- tlmnsan.l • ! '' ''''''''l' "''" '' "■^"''- '"^ ''— "< e i"K 1-ns-If >vit! , -',"„;;.; i'r ' '''•'•"'—-"■ ^'-.sania. .l.-v,,, "'- '.on.; . :i ' •'--■■-,.,., no expci.,,.. .„.,„. „,^,,„„ were voy sho,.,;L:iM U,?^' '" '"''' "f '"'^ "■'""""'■" """-'^ " 'I- c. ;^ , ■ ::r: ""^^•^^^'""^: -"• ■- -'-">• ■-.-> i- .as,.. • i f mm mm^'-mi ! I I'-M .1 (loiit'im.i) or H.t,siii.\(,T().\' < afler Ricliard's dealli, settled in Mcuris.ini.i, according to ^lyicemi'iit, and cvcn- tualiy made Lewis his heir. " Lewis Morris entered early into ijulitieal life, an impulse he iiad iio power of resisting had he so willed it, but il was the ' very breath of his ni strils,' and he |)assed on hy this same iinpellinj,' force to hcing a member of the Council of New Jersey, Judge of the Superior Court and Chief Justice of New \'oik. " When New Jersey was made a separate proviiue he was naturally appli I .\K.\rios " This Lewis Morris, the signer, was born in Morrisania, in his paternal man- sion, the welcome first son, who by right of primogeniture, inherited the mano- r-wtrnMnnummSm rmc Mouias familv jgg rial estate No l,or„scope ha.i foretold i.is .,,„„., .,,,1 „ven In. vou,,g [.uents knowledge o. what awa.ted them. The .nother, c e.,t in he,-enjonne„t ., her so,, .,.s he g,ew ,„ heauty ,lay by day, lei, this hoy to the care o'f others an.l th,s suae IJ.hle adds to its records: • My \V„e departed this life t ^ Kl...nth Day of March .73. a,ed y, yea-s altera v.ole,,, .llness ,1^,;!;: " Having n„„,,Ie,ed his p.-eparalory stu.lies, Lewis Morris entered N'ale Col- l.ge and graduated thue w,th hono.s when only twenty years of age. J'opul ,r ...aU.d. w, . a st,o,,g love of hon,eand agr,cul,„ral ^nrsnits, ^r.ound' d !; fncnds who love, and app,-ec,ate,l hi,,,, he looked o„, on the vista of circn.n sances an.l saw t e -.lon.ls no l.,gger than a n.an's han.l ' c.nve.gn.g ,r , i.ies towanl the h.nstn.g ..ent.x, whe ve of country shoul.l ri.sc^ p'ran.ou o all pe.sonal consulerat.ons an.l evoke that llnal step, the • I,ecl.„a ,0,, .,f ' ;:rw:::;.:r^^'''''"'''^'-^^'^^''-^-''-^^ ''Strong in h,s c.nvictions, deliberate in action, his n,in,l satisfie.l, his han.l U to the , .,w. l,,s was not the spir,t to turn back. Kve.y ci,-c.„nsta„ce of hi I e, Ins da,ly b„,hr,ght of ease an.l luxu.y, l„s stu.lent habits, all were agan, 1- -l>.M..s,ng the cause of frc-clon. actively. There was eve.y.hi„g ,0 J. up e sure.n.uch to hope for in the spirit with which he transla.;i dmy a, I ' <-J"Hh,sh..,.tlK,d,u,ned,ohis...|..,ant,,:a, t-MH' as only a lover o. nature an.l natu.e's C.mI .an appreciate " (.cnerat,.,ns of regar.l ha.i n,a,le all of this inllnitely ,lear ... hi„,, an.l ,et . unw,,ver,ng purp„se, and the knowledge of the devastati.,,, foil win. a ! \:;r'r' T7^ t"'^'' '"" ''"^^^'' "" '« "- -q-'-em-u ..f a h,; .; pers.,nal .. hnn.se f. which to-day pla. es th.,se of his .lescent in a p, s,.,on n. tl -« .:an . epr,ve then, of, an,l whi.h n.,ney .-an purchase for other " His nnn, was at rest, the f.rst self-c.mnnu.nng nnish.-.l storv an.l pla. e.l Id on ie,onl, when he ba.le the voice .,f in.erest be sldl ' ' ""'■-.•'■'1 he wen,..oun,ing life ..f „o value ,f his countrv nee.lcl h„n iu.ugh iHs h.m.e was wrc-ke.!, h,s ,a,n,ly in exile. He .bed in .70S n e ::::::Zir:;:::-'''- wasbur,e.latMorr,saniaw„h,n!^,;,,'|,;!: '■ <""1;"H-1 Lewis Morris, Ju.lge of the .A.bniraltv. rec..nls his sen.nd n,uri,..e n, ,s ,a,n,ly i>.Ne -The ,.1 „ay .,f Nov.,,-. •. 746 , was M^rl rM^ ^u .ouve,-,,eur by Thomas Stan.lar.l, Mnnster .,f the parish of \Vestche' " 1 > loth of h,s wives' names are written with the prefi.; Mrs.. I .annot , r . f,-om co,.parison wi-h ..her tamily re...,r.ls ; neither of then, was a w t w^^w^ 12U .■1 iiODillll.l) OF WASH l.\(l TON r UOUVKKNKUK MORRIS " Ot" tliis marriage came Gouverneiir Morris, a man celebrated in all resjjects. Minister to l-'rance at the time of the French Revuliition, u person who at home and abroad won the esteem of contemporaries and successors, his birtii in the family l{il)le tells his early history. " 'The 30th of January about half an hour alter one of the Clock in the morning in the year 1754, according to the alteration of the stile by act of Par- liament my wife was delivered of a son. He was christened the 4th of Mav, 1752 and named Ciouverneur, after my wife's father. Niciiulas Gouverneur and my son Staats were his godfathers, and my sister Antil his godmother. Parson Auchmuty ciiristened him.' Parson Auchmuty was then the jiastor of Trinity Church. " Gouverneur Morris stands out in iiistory as one of the headlights of the period. A brilliant patriot of the constitutional times, from whose pen tiie final draft of the Constitution is said to have come; an intimate friend of Washing- ton's, a business partner of Robert Morris, the financier, also the signer and the great bulwark of the Colonies when the new world was darkest .America indeed, still, nurtured as he was in the lap of lu.xury, he did his tliity in the sjjirit of his trust to the end with the simplicity of his great nature. "Gouverneur Morris, wealthy, handsome, a hero and a statesman, took the enjoyments of life as they came to iiim as a result of his life's record. He had it all, and yet the great thing wanting to the Morris mind in tlieir love of home only came to him when, at fifty-eight years of age, he married .\nnie Carey, daughter of Thomas Randolph, of Virginia, a descendant of Pocahontas, and left one son, also Gouverneur. JUDGE OK Till-; AUMIR.M.TY " Colonel Lewis .Morris, Judge of the .Xdniiraity, gave and received honor througli his tiiree sons, Lewis, Richard and Ciouverneur, but his peculiar will in regard to two of tiiem shows the bigotry and one-sidedness of the epoch. " Lewis, whether tiirough the influence of his mother or no, history does not confiiie to us, was educated at Vale, but in the fatiier's will, for some cause un- known, after e.xpressly stating that Ciouverneur, the Benjamin of his llock, should have the best education to be had in England or .America, continues, ' but my express will anil directions are that he be never sent for that purpose to the colony of Connecticut, lest he should imbibe in his youth that low craft and c\mning so incident to the people of tliat country, which is so interwoven in tlieir constitutions that all their art cannot disguise it from the world, tl-.o' many of tiiem under the sanctified Garb of Religion have endeavored U) Impose them- selves on the World for honest men.' "To iiave one son, a signer, Richard, who was liorn '15th day of August, 1730,' Chief Justice of New York, the one who administered the second inaugu- ration oath to Washington, and Gouverneur, Minister to France, was glory X'^Mf^i.H'] THE Moil K IS FA.VIl Y o\E ur "THF, sk;.\krs' " SUN'S ^r".::^::::: s:L^t;f r^:;-,^^- ;:n7"'r^ r--^ -'■ ''•^- nliom lived to advanced age ^ maniage, most of evei V one 'l'"n her in person cvLn.tZTu f ■" '''"'■""' '^'' ^"'' '^^"" '"^'^'e ..ve. . that she ,e. u-ashing.on .ithont hav:;;:;:;:!:,::::'^"-^" -"'" - an.. .;::;^:nei';.;;;:r;:;™'M;T";: ^r--- ,"-- over seven.,. .laughter of HatnihcH, Fish n t^'^ I, „, r, ' "" "'" """'"'y ^^''^''^'^^ '"^ and his w^te, taken when li^yJ::^::!^' ■""-'-es of General Jacob Morris I.KTTI-RS TATrXT loss .,,ul .lamagc IX I^lf ^ ' """'"' '" ""''"""" "«'" '" "■"' ».e:i trvic?',::;:,!'::, '::,":;' r' "", """ ""-'■ •>"«" ^^ ^■••"■ SUBULLJ! l-.'t .1 iioDcnii.i) or WAsiiism'os Cox to share witli liiin in all tin- sfildLiii.il and liardsliips attending breaking ground for a lionic in the unknown land of lliis new aciiuisitmn of tlit- Moriisi-s. "She bore her trial bravely, forming a little ' Lend a Hand ' sociit) of her own, where no one interfered with this willingness to be and to do. ••Her mother-in-law, iMary Walton Morris, must have apineciaiid her en- deavors and the ajnlrasts of her hie, fur though perhaps as was the cusloni of the day, she indulged very little in correspondence, siie suiunioiud \\\t lur courage auil ludiled an epistle to her son Jacob, telling him: '1 aui gkul Polly is learning how to spin, and that she is taking an interest in the chic kens. ' " It seems a very modern connection with events to know that within the past fiw years 'several Indian tumuli Iiave been accidentally opened in the vii inity of ("louverneur Morris's residence, and foimd to contain skeletons of the abo- rigines under whom the lirst grantee was Jonas lironk in i^>,vj, whence came the river nanud liron.x, and the ancient appellation of ' .nnk's Land.' " History locates tiie descendants in the vicinity of C'o.xsackie, f'lreene ( ounty. 'I'he records of longevity are left us, but the Manor of Morrisania in i7(;i was annexed by special statute to the ancient borougli lown of the county name, and in 1846 lost its idenliiy to the ' new people,' as it was added to the townshii) which now perpetuates the name. MdUUlS I'AllN'r " In the ol iii;.\-iii •'fieneral Jacob Morris died in 1S44, at the age of eighty-eight. He is buried in the cemetery attached to ' .Morris Memorial Chapel of .Ml Saints,' which w.is erei:ted in 1866 by contributions from the various members of the Morris family. I 1 mmm^ ™^ ' 77/ a; MOlUiiS r.\Mli,y liis (nvii. Iitiin litr oil thi'ir li:it llicir H'V Ikivc IlillC S(l. vAf^^^"- r> WASHINGTONS HEADQUAKTKRS. an;M;:s:7r;'':.i;;t':!i ••\nmi. a. Il.wi ri\." A lllSToKli IIATI'l.K Th - haule of Harlem Huiglus, .as one of Kfvoliitioiiaiy War. " Wa^ 'liL' m,,si iiii|)oi-taiii (luring the ""^ •"<- -•■ilian'in n Sla ^M. 'l'"";;::;;' "'^;' ';- •-" -•""'■'> - - of 'icnce in \e«- York l.v -, r ■ '""^'"l"^''! lo restore order an.l ronll- " On Sunday .:;orin,^ S. I ^ - U '"'""' ''"''''■"' '" ^^■^'"'^'"'• rm i:«) A fidiiciiii.n of w tsiii.\<;T(i.\ I I hit chief remained at the Aiitliini) mansidii iiiitii tiie lioops appcaieil. 'I'lien lie galloped to the Morris house on Harlem lleiniils anil made it his liead(|narlers. "At simrise on Monday morning, Sipicmber i6, the first haltle of ll.nlein Heij;iits was fought. It ()ccu|)ifd hut a few minutes, and was disastrous to the Brilisii. 'I'iie second engagement began Sei)leml)er i6, between ten and eleven o'lliick in the morning, and eirn the tide. "Washington's army on Harlem Heigh.ls numbered scarcely 8,000 men on the i6th, and of this number only 4,900 were actually engaged. 'I'he liritish had a far superior force, not less than 6,000 of their best (Killed troops and seven field pieces, lichind them was an army of nearly 10,00c men susiaining their rear and ready to push on at the word of comiiuind. The baltle, from the character of the ground, was irregular. The wooded heights, with their rough and rocky sides, were almost inaccessible. " The Hnglish soldiery were ( ompelled to break their solid fronts and dasli in wherever there appeared to be an ojien- ing. lioth sides fought single-handed, in scpiads, and regimenls and battalions. The battle raged from 155111 street to Manhattanville, and was fought behind trees, houses and rocks. On the evening of the 1 6th, tlie armies occu|)ied the same relative jnsitioii as before they met, the pickets being almost within speaking distance. Washington occujiied the Mor- ris house as his headcpiartcrs until the latter part of October, 1776. "The troops engaged on the side of the patriots were from the North and South. Colonel Knowlton of the Con- necticut Rangers, and Major l.eitch, of the N'iiginia Riflemen, were both killed in the action." MORRIS ARMS. .w»Pv;-TiiiTfiW*- l--.«y.. !-> fi'^'VW "T-^ > ""^fSj^ W'" ' ^X^^^>^C3^^ ■-- e^--" ^Af. .'*i\^»- -.^\^.r. Tift ft'.'-' .* ,) ,-,_ '.^ .ii'.rfsii-^ 1-1! i.\(/s /.K./ir/dor i.i:i: ]a'{ t I'KANCIS l.l(;inF(,()|> I |.;|,; '-'—•'.• -:'.n:;.::^: ;;;:;M;:M:;:;u.r^^^ •: '::::;:J:'^';;!;;:: ;:;:,;: :"'7- '"■''I I"'^iMmiis (if inisi ,111,1 '■- .mil •■ic.K gniiKl.ail,,., |„i,'| i:^. :::: ■"",: r'r ■';■'"">■■"">. ;„ ,.„,::;: .".i..'..i :.:;:;,:::: :i ;;:;;;;;::■::,;':;'"' -' - ::i'r •■,:,t:,„::;:;:r„^'- ' " " ^--:™:;::;i;: '■'>•''-. "'"in.is I,,.,. u,,s ,n.,nu-,| i,, ||. , ,.„,..,,, ('"I.MILlI C, " 111 ; ■'■"'Ki'"-'- "M'lHin. i,„iu,.ii ■;' ,;: ;"r'' '" "■'""■''' '■'"'^^•■n. - j;i.nui. ^i'«iin,, cnnv,.„l„,|is ,,t ,-••.- -, . , ,1 ' "' '""Hfs^'s. ■>! ll„- liv i,„l:,... ,,,• ,, ,""' '"■ "' ""• '""HMMlrr .,l-,s,-,(,t), ;m,.I .„„.,, I ,,„• "^'' J'i'l," , ^' ■""I "ix'"! 111.' '■-i-.ai„i, H,;: ::^ :^^^^^^ -•'--^ i'^''.-TiK-.. ,,,,,,1,^,, ' ' •; :;f^ ^ •-'y,"i-,..sH,„i.,, .'•■'- '''■-''r!;;;.;:;:^ ....s i,„„ "■''•'''•'■•i''''''-iuiui,,.j,.,i. ;•''''':■'''•': ^ 'Th,,(i„,n,i.,ii„.„i,. I TTT- 134 ,4 (loDciii'j) OF \r.i.sin.\(,r<)X "Although it was the coiniuoii cuslom I'ur tlie will to-ilo planters to send their sons home to the old coiiniry t'cjr collegiate and iirol'essional traininu;, Francis l.ii;littoot i.ee iiad not this privilege. His lather died when he was onl)' sixteen, wliich probably accounts for this neglect. His edutation was ac(iune brother, I'liilij) I.udwcll, are mentioneil among the founders of the town of I.eesburg in that county. .\s early as 1765, he apiieared in the house of Hurgesses as a rep- ".ir«rjIFiiV^', '^•-^-is&^afeS! It, ri!.i.\(7s ijiuiTFdor III- 1. 1. 1. J.J. reseiitative from Loiuioun. A lew veir. I ,.,.,■ i ■ Rid.nion.I county, and built a Z2T\ ' '"•"■'""^''' '"-' '"'^'"^■'' '" co..n,y, he was act,,,. ,, \ln ' 1 'i "'' ' """ ' '""«^'" '^""' ^^''^''»>'""' bes,.le his l,n,the,s as a,.'ean;::; Sn:: " " ''"'^ ""'"'^^'>' '^^^" '^ --' tij :::\;:!:s ■;; u:?^.s::;ai^^'^* ^^^^«t' '-^ '-'- - ^" -~- an electio,,, 4o.,,,„e,,ded U t^ rr^; "^Tr '""" "'--" -•"-« recorded that he held u.v „o it n " '^' "'^'^ '''"^^"- '' '^ '><" i" -ess ostentatious ^^::: r^::::::'i^::; ::^' "--- 1^. was a useful memher of Conpresq fnr 1,„ ^ '^ assumed that he i» .7,,. I,. ,«i,„, f,,!"; i^^I ™^^ - ■"'-77-78: treaty of peace should be mule wi 1 Pr '"',7'". ^'K'"-""^'>- demanding that no Americans the f,eedo,„ i " e n^ I^T ""' 7''"'' ""' "'" «""-"'- ^^ Mississippi river. Subse,,ue e , " ■''r'^' ""' "''' '"''^ "-'t^^"-' "^ 'He -«l>t in making th.s denLnd M I ^ H ^' ""^•^" ""^ "■'^''"■" "^ '- '^'- iMdependence. ' '''" '''''" ^' ^'«"" «''' "-e Declaiation of A.: -^iicd::: r::;;,::';^ -iiirLfirar^^"'- ^^ "■^" -^' --- '■^-^^■ "- day at the countv .-.K.rtho ,se u t , >" '" '^■^'^'>'"«'""- ^cing ■-- adopted at Philadelpl^^^ d^^^^^^^^^ ''" T' ''''''''' "'"^"■"'"■-> ''-' -- -e asked his c,pi io \ f ' "i: TT^ "'.■"''^"■' '''' «^'"^"^^'' "''-"^ g""-l J-l«e of such in, „„.,a t 1 ;.s U^ h' ^^ "'"' '" '"'' ""' J^--"' '" l- J "^ '--. This .as Mhat J I \ ',:/''" ^''"•'''^'^•'•- -'-''-' ''in, ,n ^^■-■''•■" -- against it.- Wa t^ S ' 7',""' '" '•'""• "'' "• ^ J-'- l-n speaking agains, a ,a, „i ;;„;:" 1 "^'"' '"■ "'^ '^'■""•>' " '"' ''-' -- .o l,ave ente,-ta,ued the k,nd i ;.;:;;:"?'"• ^^'""'^ ' '""• ""^I'-yoM.is sound JMd,n,ent. In ■. letted, "''''"''" ''^'^'^ '''''''f^l'' OnMatoKi,,gandh,sl.aH,a,, ; VT'*^' 'l' '''"''' ' ""' ' ^'= ' * 1-a,od our pn.p,,,,, ,, ,„. ' ,' "^.['f "■^■'' "^ '^<-'-'^ and Knnnus, , „n. - "- '>ave to do is to e,,.,.. ; . . : "'"• "T ■^''•'' ''^' -'i^-ulent. .A,| ''■■'Hidence to put us ,nto .'"'"""■'^''^'■^ ""1'^- «'•"'■ i' l,.ns pi,,,sed ''"'--'.-n;,t.;;;; ; ,t^^^^^^^ ...MooJa,,;,' - si,a,i be injured by havi,,gn.;t.:rr.:';;':;'''*'f''"" '^^'"■'"-^ co"..ned to one place, whose Miches .i', t , ■ t:: '' -"- "^ - '-'. • '^ '"'• "iir ,iun; nor does r i 136 A (lODciiii.i) OF WAsiiixarox it a]ipear to nie that we shall sufrcr any disadvantage by having (uir Legislature uncontrolled by a jjower so far rcinovecl from us that our circumstances can't be known; whose interests are often ilirectly contrary to ours, and over wliich we have no manner of control. Indeed great part of that power being at present lodged in the hands of a most gracious prince, whose tender niercies we have often experienced, it must wring the hearts of all good men to part; but 1 sup- pose we shall have Christian fortitude enough to bear with patience and even cheerfulness the decrees of a really most gracious kii.g ! The danger of anarchy and confusion, 1 think altogetlier chimerical ; the good beiiavior of the Ameri- cans with lu) government at all, proves ihem very cajiable of good government. But my dear colonel, I am so fond of peace that I wish to see an enil of tliese distractions upon any terms tliat will secure America from future outrages. "A biographical writer on ' The signers of the Declaration of Independence,' says of Mr. Lee : 'In the sj^-'iug of 1779, Mr. Lee retired from Congress and returned to the home to which both his tem|)er anil inclination led him, w ilh de- light. He was not, however, long permitted to enjoy the satisfaction it con- ferred ; for the internal affairs of his native state were in a situation of so much agitation and perple.xily that his fellow-citizens insisted on his representing them in the Senate of Virginia, lie carried into that body all the integrity, soinul judgment and love of country for which he had ever been conspicuous, and his labors were alike honorable to himself and useful to his state. He did not long remain in this situation. His love of ease, and fondness for domestic occupa- tions now gained the entire ascendency over him, and he retired from public life with the firm determination of never again engaging in its busy and weari- some scenes ; and to this determination he strictly adhered. In his retirement, liis charai ter was most conspicuous. He always jxissessed more of the gay, good humor and pleasing wit of Atticns, than the sternness of Cato, or the eloipience of Cicero. To the young, the old, the grave, the gay, he was alike a pleasing and interesting (ompanion. None approached him with diffidence; no one left him but with regret. To the poor around him, he was a counsellor, physician and friend ; to others, his conversation was at once agreeable and instructive, and his life a fine e-\ample for imitation. Like the great founder of our republic, Washington, he was much attached to agriculture, and retained from his estate a small farm for experiment and amusement. " ' Having no children, Mr. Lee lived an easy, tpiiet life. Reading, farming anti the company of his friends and relatives, filled up the remaining portion of his days. A pleurisy, caught in one of the coldest winters ever fell in X'irginia, terminated the existence of both his wife and himself within a few days of each other, .'\pril, 1 797. His last moments were those of a Christian, a good, honest, and virtuous man ; and those who witnessed the scene were all ready to exclaim : " Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my end be like his." " ' III conclusion, it may be said that Francis Lightfoot Lee was not a brilliant man ; was not one to dazzle by his genius or to fire enthusiasm by his ehKiuence. He was simply a cultivated Christian gentleman of sound judgment and disin- « >i«*iiiw.''tTt«j'.'i^£asizIiic iiiiiii, FJiANCIS LKIIITFOOT LEE terestcd patriotism. A iiohlt- rlnnrtpr „.i, <„ Jiy Ills great-great-nephew, Edmund J. Lee, M. D. LEE ARMS. i > IK ( • l/ y\7T J<:\lT (u (IJJVI K A'E— V ^/u6 BILL enJdUi ^~%\ t& Tit-arerto receAc ?^ '^f^- Thirty Sponifh Tnilk'il Dollars, ir biii' TJur l/icreof fi.O)in 0^ tl'ie (■'o/t.rhags^^dit.LjJmif,-^Mfj: ' S^MaieMui : ^c?t/ej by Hall and ^p/Jar ■ COLONIAL MONEY. f/V /?9) li h ■ C HAIRIER V Pkkioi. 1775-1776 " 0\ tlie niiieteentli of Jime, cuiitiniies ChaiicelKir Kent, " Pliilip Scluiyler was appoiined by Congress llie tliiril iiuijwr general in tlie arinies dl ihe United Colonies; and such was liis singular promptitude, that, in eleven days from his appointment, we find him in actual service, corresponding with Con- gress from a dislance on business that reijuired and receiveASi-.-x!i..:iX v^^.-j/J I g'>''iS*i'^S^3M£S^^Ji|ft j ^ PKIiJol) 177-:-l77(! II] f.xpe,lu,„n, s„ wisely and prompily ,e exert his el . '''' ""-' --i..,,ed..,,.eU.,,sanan.ei:,,dredr;::r^ P'Hver. Me was obliVed to anolv t„ • , / ' '-"l^'lMately was l,ey„iu! ins •"^" I- conduct t ,;,.;;' "" ^°"' '" ^"^■^'"'-■' ^-^'■- -•■v'^ Colonies. They e r l^'-'-e, merued the thanks of the Unite.l and syn,pa,. ;, 'k 'of It T ' "'r"^'' "^^'^ ' ^-'-t concern the honor of conmletinLr he rl r , • ""' ''"''""'' ^""' "■"'^ •'''» of ^.llv begun.- S N th ^ T "T " ""' '" "'"' '" "=''■''">•-'' —- s.ani c.:;responden:':i: " ; ' Z^:^:':, "'^'^"^-"^" ^ ^''^ -<' -"- '" I'is letters of the ,th and m I ofT " '""' '''^''' ""' ''"''•^' ^^^ .on>ery to lay aside aU s.:' ^i^::;; o^: i::;.^''::;;^'"''' "- -" ^'>-- selves and excessively so to the countrv ' n ' ' ''"^^ '"J"'""'^ '" "''■■"■ "■i'l>- that he had n, t in n m ' '^^ ''"' '"" ''' '''•^''"">- '" '""-"i 1- u„c,ualined a.hninu on of r "r '''"'''''''^''■' ''^-' -'" -ihhold To his incomparable ^rti^^an;? i:::^:,^::^:^' '' T ' '''''■ existence. "iinness America owes her national ...■:S':t^,:n;^;:rr™:;:„;:i:s:;M" r "-'- »' -« ,■. » ™--r'. c.„e, „, :«:;';: .:::^:;::;:"; "vI'T""' "" - "» tion of the northern armv in tl, , ""^'"' '"^"led. I he distrtssnl coiuli- I""'""' i" .-.« i.i«'» "7. ., ;:r ™ „:;;;«, ■" r^'' ™ ^ - ntni.,st limit ,• -'"-'"'« -"' <'- "onhern posts, 'and e " Hi'- tt'" ''■' ""' ''''''' ^'""'""^'"« '" "- exacting vigilance orde L """ "''' ''"•^'^"■'' '" ^very cpiarter. conceri' o^ t^;: ;,:""; n'' i"; '^""'" "'^"''"" "' "" "- -"i'--< was ine.xpressibly v ..''"J "'".""^^ "'-' -•'-" '"d difficult ; it --■■"-s of transi t t Si Vi;;r "'7 ^^'l"^^' ^"" "'"■'^'■'*^ '-^^^ '-'V. every person whi i Z ,' ,' '" TT' ""' ''^''''''='*^'' '^-- "•• I'-ssnre of his duties. H i ' ' '''? '" '""^' ^""" ^''^"^ '-'-• -l>e .nccssant correspondence with Congress was full of n^ i 143 A (lonruii.i) OF \v.\snis(iTos V' I tlie best practical advice. At that crisis Congress iMuitii)lie(l his concerns to an overwiieliniiig degree. On the 8th of January, lie was required to cause the river Si. Lawrence, above and l-jlow Quebec, to be well explored. He was to (ill up blank commissions for the Canada regiments at his discretion. He was to establish an acojuntability for the waste to public supplies. He was to i)ut 'I'iconderoga in a defensible jjosition. IJut the army in Canada engrosse« '"k'' «« objects of ar.y ha., ...n arnl:.;'':; ' ^rt; ^''^-f, ;'-' ^..sor«ani..tio„ of .„e were gone, an.l n„ al.crnative was left h t i "''" '■'•■'""""^' ^'"'^"''■' tious retreat. Re.nnents J^ re 1 1 ' ^7, ' " "'r' "'" '"'^' ^•'''^^■'"- '^^^ve to resign on ...e'n.st^r: 1 i e^rs^'o:;;;^;'^ r"'l^^'"' "--^' tions, on the 20th of lune to ■,!,,„ 1 , r ' -^LlHiyler ^-ave direc- was acconlingly do,^ S. r. s n ' ' Tf": ""' ^^•'"^" "•' "'^ '^'^e. This five hundred and i ty- e Ln "," \ '"'^' "'"' '"'>' '"" "— >'' Ponu with the rcMnains o e i T T" 7 "' " ^'''' '"' '■'-■'" '-' ^'--> n>ent, and rellected ho ' , ;r-"""''''r^'' ^^"" l-->-ce and d.scern- -et General Gates, who tll^ „ ^T " ''' ''''"'" ''"''"' ^'""-' .and and sniHvan retir^i fro.^ t,; i:;:;i:f;n^:;,r '-'' '" '-' -- .reat;;::':;'s:;;;,;:,f :;;:::, '--^ ;-" --•"'>■ -— d. the ne. con,n,and i,s waters as wll , '"''"' ""^ '""^"' °" "^^ '^'^e, and to ex.ended ...parCi. O ' ," "^^r;' " "!"" T^S ol^ec.s in hij widely to hold a treaty with t S . N ^ ^ 'T r ' "'"" "•'""■^■'' '^>' ^'-'«^«^ open a n,ili,ary 'road fro,, "1 r l" i"'*--'" '"''''>' ^""« ^tanw.x-to canal lo,:k at Skeensb Z„K '"^''^''-'^^ '^■-- ^^-d Creek_to establish a f-rt.fy Crown l^n tuutl^l^''! ''' ""'f "" '"-"^e Chan,plain, and to again visi.ed witi, ,e ret o^t ^r " %"\ ^''"" '^■"""«" '- -- ■•-oyand dishearte, 1 ;; . ',i " "" "' '""""' "•'"'^'' -^-' '« was ab,,ndoncd by the n, ,0 , sa "" ''T'"""' """'"'""'• ^■'-- '■-•"' -t tenable with tiir;^:: ' ^ ^i;:; ^ '^-;-' "^ '^ «-'^'-' <>«cers as ately eensnred, but hi clear and si -i r '""' "''" '"" '"■'^' "'Consider- mi.Hl of Washington L ■ ' r '■""'"•' '"' ""^ '""""^^' ^""■•^''-' "- 'br service on the'la.eb;ht:r:;:rrT'r"" ""'''' '"'" ^'""""^^ -<1 I'e assigned the c.n„K„ fl' f o ^^dl" "'"'''T "^''^'■■'•^'^^'"^"^' '""•q)ici. That officer w,s met /„ .1 ., ""'''' "'"'"^'^ active and and better manned s, d ., !, '\ ! '/"" "^ °r"''"' ''' ' '""'^" ->-'- ■ittle fieet was defeued and oi '^^JT'n' ""'"""^ "^'^'="'-- '- can.paign, for the eavrison i , ' , '"" "' '■'"' '" "'^' '"""'^™ nine thousand n,en, wa rV 'g ' n^'^ T , "^ "7'^"*'-''- —ting of -nd of Gates, and they were o^ ::1'^ r^''^^ ''"'" '"^ ^'"-•"-^ -"v w IT r I ^^«^^ *l 144 .1 auoruii.i) OF UAsiiiyarox MAJOR C.KNKRAL RICHARD MOMCoMKRV ' jimuiKT I'vciiiiit;, when ;i piiuieval foifst cuvcifil aliimsi tlic ciiiiic sur- face the now glorious Union, a young Hrilisli ot'titcr, in rii li unil'ortn, stuc-ii on tlie shore of Luke Ch.iin|)hiin, and lookcil oil' on that hcaulilnl sheet of water. He was only tuenl) two yi'uis of aue, and Init for liis manly, ahnisl jK-rtVcl form, lie wonid have seemed even yonngcr. Mis skin was fair, and his coinuenance beautiful as a (Iretian warrior's. As he stood and ga/ed on the forest-girdled like, studded with islands, his dark eje kindled with thei)itiiy of the scene, and he little thought of the dtstiny lufoic liun. in the lull strength and jiride of ripened manliood, he was yet to lead over those very waters a band of freLMiieii against the country under whose banner he lunv fought, and fall foremost in freedom's liatile. That handsome )()ung otTicer was Richard Montgomery, a lieutenant in the I'ritish army. A native of Inland, lie was born in 17.56, oil his father's estate near the town of Raj/hoe. Kdiualed as beiame the son of a genllemau, he, at the age of eighteen, recei\ed a 1 om- mission in the Iviglish army. Joined to the liritisli expedition sent ag.iinst Loui^.' 'rg, he, in the attack and capture of that [ilace, showed sue h heroism, anil rmed such good service, that he was promoted to a lieutenancy. In the ue .Vbercrombie having met with a severe repulse before 'I'iconderoga, .Amiiei. as sent to his relief. .Among the ofticers in the corps w.is young .Montgomery, who thus became aciiu.iinted with all the Imalities of Lake Champlain. .After the reduction of Montreal and (Quebec, he accomp.mieil the e.xpeiiition against the French and Spanish \\'est Indies, where he conducted himself so g.iUanlly that he obtained tlie conmiand of a company. The treaty of Versailles, 1765, closed the war, and he returned to I'jigland on a visit, where he r -lained nine years. It is a matter of conjecture what finally induced him to sell his comuiissioii in the I-',iiglish army and emigrate to this country. He arriveil in 1772, and purchased a farm near New \'ork. Soon after, he married the eldest daughter of Robert Livingston, then one of the judges of the Superior Court of the I'roviiue. From New York he removed to Rhinebeek, in Dutchess county, where he devoted his whole time to agriculture. In the meanwhile the controversy grew warmer between the parent country and her colonies. Taciturn, and liille inclined to public life, young .Montgomery evidently did not at first take a deep interest in the struggle. His feelings, however, and his judgment were both on the side of his adopted country, and in 1775, he was elected member of the first provincial convention of New York, from Dutchess county. He took no very active part in the convention, still his views were so well known respecting the controversy between the two countries, that, at the appointment of commander-in-chief of the .American armies, aiul the creation of ofticers by Congress, he was made one of the eight brigadier- generals. His views of the contest may be gathered from the letter he wrote to JLZ :'"*^ , r;s' . -LI L.i-J|ilim .1 iiff ■ i-i-m 'Vj) MAJOR.OENEnAL RTCIURD MOKTGO.VERV 147 J a friend after receiving his appointment Said he • - Tl,. r , ■ done me the honor of electing „ e brigadier-g ■ .M,i tl,eir ''''' ''""'^ mmmmm I'egan to assume regularity and plan still the n„l,li °', " ' "''"■ "o one had formed any iL of r^rob h e I r M ''' "" "'"'"'"'' "'^ nation nor congress .Z as yet . :S 1 d^ ,: t^::j'"'T" '^^"'" ''^ was resistance to oppression,; stn.ugle tor r gh, wh c h "'C ' TT '' out antinpati.,g the result of an fn.i J ! " '"^''^''^'1. "'ith- \Vlulethe'nati.Julfeen;Lsi:h tlT'"'"" "r,'" P""'' '^'^""•^^- to ca,ry the s o d imo , """"' '"' °"'^' '" '^"«''''"''' ^"' •'^' '-"-- .!>- 1, -s ..istini'^:r s"^! f^'" "'^ """"""" '' '^-^^ — '• tl.at we were in open hos.m, , ""•' "I"^'-^'"""« "'as ridiculous- tosn.eug,hen:;^^rr ;::: ;; i::;;";''"'^"^^"''^"^^^''^"-^^^^^^^ alone, it would soon be the '-'"en.y-that if Canada was left ti>rough the int^ .^t ^c^:; -i:;^ ;::t; Tr'r'^ ^^--"^ "^ ^--^ t" '"■■" our attention that w^y Td t^e , , V T" '" """''^ ^" ^"'"^ tl'e capture of Ti.on.leroU T'' ' ." ' "'''" ''""^ "■^' ''^"^'•- ^^^i^'e, troops.and it need .T T" ^""' '''^'' "'l-'ed the country to ou the io rag f T , e Z"" '-"" '"'"""" '^^'^■■— '« ^o keep alive ^■■-.n.>-iateiyac:d-m:;:;ri:'::s^^^^^^^^^^ -- ''v-«adier.oe;;:r::ti;: :-:;;::- r^"-" ^^■"•>-r' latter place, tha C;,rl ton Goi " T-^^ ^""" ''"■'"• '~'g ^" ">e sl.ip.s to be stationed a^ he outrof'L .T ''' "^ collecting several armed n-nd the passage into C W ' >' " '"'" Schuyler p sl.ed .,n ntl T i ''^'''^'^^-''^''^''y' -t'-.t consulting General tl-e river. ,,, h n time h" '""' ""' ""' ''"^' "' >^'^' -■■^ ^'- "-• what he had don^ ™ :; 1^ ;: ^ Ij;,;;-- ^^'->- i-X^-^ung hin, of onlers, but excusing ii-nse/c!: . ^^ , '^rif 2""' " T"T,-""™^ vessels into the lakes it woul.i be over wi 1 ' ""^' '''""'*' 8*^' ''''^ The letter is couched in the re L ! ^-^Pe'l'tu.n for that summer, officer, but at the same tin, , t"''"'' "" •' ^"'""'""^'"^ '« "^ -■-*- chief. General Schnvler h v n "'^M'propr.ate fnm, acomman,ler-in- renched Isle aux N tw:^Isrr T""'^ "^"^ "" ''"'"^"-"T - «as resolved to push nearer I'ort St. John. "Jhe MS .1 (illlHllll.lt UF HASIII.\(;7(>X fiiniKT bfiiig s'loii :il'icr pKislr.ilfil l>y scvlmi' illness, liu rtliiiiu'd lo 'ricoiideroRa :iii(l .\lli;iny, ;iii(l Moiitf^oincry louk fiitirc ('iilillnl of tliL- i'.\|H(lilii)ii, lie hiid sit'f^i' to S(. John's ; :ui(| sent m (Iclacliniciit M,n:iinsl I'oil ('li;iinlily sitiiatcil :i lilllc lowiT down lliL- nvir, and feebly ;^:nrisoned. Il w.is taken willioul resistance; d St J( liu's aftel siff^'c of six weeks lell into the hands of Monlj^oineiy. The eaiiliire of Montreal t( W the news of iiis litdliani sii< < ess reached Congress le was promoted to the rank ol inajor i;eiieral. Ills next d. Hi step was to form a junction with Arnold, who, ha\inj; crossed the nnlrodi if Maine, was now with his sniidl, half clothed, and hadly siiiijiheil aini)', ■losely inveslin.L; (^)uel)e< i'',\piised to bilnig cold, it was inipossihle to keep any troops Ioiil; in the field ; ,iiid to add to the iiorrors of the posit i(jn, smallpox liroke ont in camp. .Accordingly, a (uinicil ol war w.is (,illed, and the assault ])ropcised. l,ar,L;e banks of snow (illed up the path ; they stninbled upon lnif;o masses of ice throw.) up by the river, and the men seemed to hesitate, when ^^lnl,L;omery shunted forth -' .Men ol New \'ork, \'oii will not le.ir to lollow where your (leiier.d leads — lorward ! ' The i;uns, chained with j^rapeshot, opened in their vi-ry f.ices ; and when the smoke lilte(l, ther(- lay the lileless f. am of .Mont 1401111 I y. lie v\.is but thiity nine yi'ars of aj^e u hen he tell on this disastrous field. .M.iny h.ive bl.imeil him for ha/ardiii^ an allac k on (Jneliec with so small a force, but what else i diild lie have done. To have abandoned the |irojei t alter all the expense aiul l.ibor It liacj cost, wilhmit an ell'ort, would have subjected him to still se\erer ( imdemnation. liotli his reputation and the honor of the coiiutry forbade this. It failed. Had il been sue ressful, it would h.ive been n\i;arded as a nmst brilli.int exploit, not onl\' in its execution, but in its (unceplion. His bright and promising i'0'-"''"r nl I li.iiiiM) In M.iim llinu n niiil M.ij'ii l,ivin};->li>n, wliiili ll^l lir:iilr|..ri'-. I.iki-ii. M.ijiii' II1..WI1 .iiiiiii'^ nil' wi- li.ui- c'llli'ii ^i^ l..ii> 1.1 |i..» .|i 1 , « lin li, \\ ill. lln' Mi'-i'liit; 111 ( ill. I, will liiii'-li I Mil I ill, i 111 ■^-. lu'i.'. M,.|..i 111. .u II 1. II. I. .1 hi'. Muin- i.ii llii-. m'. a ^i•.ll. l'|.iiii llii-- 'iii'l all I. ill. I ... . .iii.iii^ I II. M- I. .1111. 1 liiiii ai liv.' nil. I iiilillijH'iit. "Till' eiiiiiiy's M'li.i..|i.'i I-. iiiiK. 'I'll, y li.iM' iini I., rii v.'i y nnviiiiis In s;ui- li.i , i-I-.- lln-y iiiinlil i'a-.ily liavi' |ii.iliai n-.l lin Liir. 1 imisl 11.. » lliinl,. iiiili-^-, mhiu- iiiiln. i.y an i.liiil f. I.ill Us, Wf sliall ai-r.iiii|.|i>li uiir l.ilsilii's, Inu', .1. 1 ■.liall --rl l.i \o.il, in eanu"-! nil this slili- of llie w.il.i. 'I'lir lr....|.i an- ill lii(;li s|iiiil-. I 'i.I.,i.. | W.iin.i li.i . Iia.l a lilllr l.ni^li VMlli ,1 piily I1..111 \I"iilr.-al. Till- iiu'iny ii'liii'.l » illi llir l..i> .il In.- |ii i-mnis ami --iiini' Uilli.l. Sunn' .i( III.' |.ii>.in.'i > f ( 'aiKLliaii--) an- ilaii);ri..ii-> iiniiiii -, am! iir.i-l t.' l.iKiii cair ..I- la M..11. Iir, 11111' .il III. 111. I In- < '.iiii'.liiiaw.ii;as li.iv.- .l^^i^l'.l mir liiiinln .1 iinii I1..111 ii>. I liavr <'iiiii|'l.ri| willi ill. II n'liii' I, .mil am (;l.i.| I.. Iiinl lliry |iiil mi inii. Ii 1 nnlnl. n. .' 111 11 ., am I a 11' iml aliai.l i>\ •.'>-■ I*,r 11!) M.Li(ii;-(!i:\i:it.\i. /.■/ruin/, moxtlomki^,- "2t::;":'::::::,;::L::',::>::;:: •■ — .:i:.:'::;w;;:!::::L'r;;v;:,;;L;:'::;:;;-:;;:;;r ■-■■" -■-.■ -'«■:::::;';.;::■';:::::;: :jz::::z. ;;;:;,::;:::,;■ ' ■ > • ..« -r T" M I 150 .1 <;(U)(iiii.i> OF Hwsnixfrrnx MAlOR-r.F.NF.RAL HENRY KNOX " Few men contributed so largely to the success of our revolutionary struggle as the sul)ject of this notice. As the projector, author, and first ccjniinander of the artillery connected with the Continental army, and holding the first post of command of that jjortion of our army during the wliole war ; having as he had, the entire confidence and esteem of Washington, and fighting by his side, his opportunities were equal to his desire, and his success tantamount to his genius and bravery. "General Henry Knox was born in lidston, July 25th, 1750. He early married the d.iughter of a staunch loyalist, and was already an oflicer in the liritish army in Huston when tiie struggle of the Revolution commented. His whole soul was fired in tlie cause of fieedoin, and lie contrived to escape from Hostiin, and, presenting himself at the camp (jf W'.ishington, offered his services to his country. His wife, who, notwithstanding her tory origin, fully sym|)a- tlii/.eil with the patriots, accompanied him in his llight, secretnig her husband's swonl in the folds of her petticoat. This noble woman adhered to his fortunes through eight years of peril and anxiety, ilei)rivation and lal)or, and had the holy satisfaction of sharing her husband's joy in the established indeijendence of tlieir native land. " When young Knox presented himself at Washington's headcpiarters, our aiiny was totally destitute of cannon, without wlii( h he felt it was im))ossible to cope with the Hritisli forces. There was no wa) of obtaining this needed sup- ])\y, but from transporting it from the dilapidated forts on the Canadian frontier. This dangerous and almost herculean task was triumphantly jiertormed (1775) by the gall.iut young ofticer (who received every assistance from Cu-nci.d Schuyler) ; and an artillery dejiartnient of res]ieclable force was thus added t(j our army the command of wliich was bestowed upon Knox, with a brigadier- general's commission. These guns were ])!anU'd on Don lii.'ster heiglils, and the liritish army s|)eedily compelled to evacuate Huston. " General Kiio.v, at the head of the artillery, was in < I II -.■.vii-,i\i. «z iWM7r^.^»^yj^;v.jyj.ywJi* .'fM*^- - (".rffiWi-./rM ■ ►> sTflWi;,-'.- 1" -t ^i*■-W.■. . nr.i./ui; (.i:.\ii: 11. iir\i;y /:\nx ir.;i the nuw ,„Kan,.,„.,n, when U'.slnnK,.,,, .n.nH,i,,„..|y ...ppon,,',! 1„„ ,', same o<(u:c, win, h l,e o.ntinncl ,„ hold un„l ,;,,, Ih.-n V-,sl i, L |^p...e,,ly .,-,,., ,,,U,.s.,...eh,..,..ly..n..nn..l'^ he rctncd .„ lus hn,n, in Thonns.on. Man.e. whcv hJhv.U in .tn i "r;;;;;.::r:;i::;;\;,^:^ How .sn,«ular. .hat ,l,c hn.vo warrior shoul.l Uc:u\ so n.any (iclds of l,lo. -I rarnaKc and s.e hun.ircds (alln,K on all sulcs, shonl.l es.-ajLo ,a „' -ndd..,hs,,o,o ,HasUoh,sdc„hl.y,hc st ins„n„„ ,„ n.ans -■a of h,s,oodn,annndpa,ri.Handhravc.old,n-.waso...^^^ Ion IN.; ihc hone of a chicken at his dinner. " W'c cannot forhe.-ii- ri'lii ill, r ., o.- 1. .■ I " \\c cann(,t f.,rhear relating n singular in< i.l I'KUlar UKNlenl in the life of ihis hrave n,, ..en on l„s northern expe.li.ion, he lell in w„h Major Andre, and .ravd .on.p:n.y. "—.It of this accidental n,ee,inK was a nn:,nah,„aclnn wh.H, Mrew nUo a strong friendsh,,, so speedily to he concluded l,y the v " ' ..ary and „non>nnous ternn'nation of ,|,e l,fe of one. wlnle the other' w,; a ""■ '•■■'""'— ^--lulnch so relu.tantlvc Innned the ace p 1 e. plished >-n.gl:nton,othescanol,l. ^:.'neral Kuo. used to say that tins was t est duty he ever per.onned. We .:an well .once,ve U to nave been so." io f.eneral kno.v rs conceded the honor of su,,es.ing that uolile or t.on the Society of the Cincinnati.- Sec Mount Culian, fhapter XII. / l'l;.\n .SiK : In 111 AN' INIM la.l.^liili I.IITI'K. ■' VVi.vr foiNT, 151I, IVJMnaiy, 17X5. , . :::sT:::z:l:7::::r''r ' ""' ''■'^■"■" -'>- ^•""">-v -^ -'-„-: ^>-"'--^:-:;::::^;:::;';;;:.;;;::;:i;r ""--■'-" ::: ;: :;;:s;:;::!, z!:ti::i '" '"^ 'T" ■- -"-■ '""'- -^ "-^ -- - till. " 1 I"-^>y y.>u ... nu.„.,o„ ,l,.sc „u.t,cis ,0 In. Kx,-,.|i,.,„.v :n„l I,., „„. K„„„ „„. ,,.,,1 '• I am " clear .ii " ^'"lll liiniihlf .SiTi " WviKIU." " "■ '■'■'■"X. f I.-. I " Hear Sir : .1 conciiii.i) or WAsniKGTON AN CM'IW.IMIKI) IKTIKk. "<-AM|. AT iKII.I.UKKMILRi;, " Xovoiiihcr, lo, 177S. It is no^v ,i,„e ,„ ^i,, „. Uu^ TlJ^'^l ''''''"'' ''T' '' '^^^ " T, "COLO.NKI. WaI.TKK SlKWAKT. " Generai. Wav.vks " liiiijaclc." " I .1,,, will, sincerr r..,;;,,-,! y,,,,,- „,„„ " CM.ciliciit IluiiiMcScTVT.i, " v. (iRKKN'E. ■frTiw-Vif* «r»,' ■■^'*l.r ■.,.■...-. -^^...yy-.Y-^'^ ■' r-^ttmmmm i feMA^ik i'^-^! > CHAPTER VI r)i-riN(:(:i.sin:i) ccksts "Eaklv i„ April, ,776, Schuyler had ,1,. pi,,s„re of entertainin. distin en'^:,':r;;rf::ri.'h;;f S"T '^"W'--" ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^-^ '•->• -e then to .Mha, y X re 'rH ^ .' '"" "'" ' '^'^"'^ "' '^'-"'^P-'" ti.u' sail TiJ '.. , ' "" "'' """""'"« ^'f "'^ '""""li - -<' I'^KK)*, lively, a^reeal.L Han>ihon ; h other Ma ^'i.r' '"'""''' '"'""" >'^'='" '^"'^■- ^'"•'-•- ••--on. S,epi:e:v:: kZZ; ""^-^^ "■ '^^-^ "-^ -'^ ^^ - -„si„ the •.'S;;;!ie;r:;;:;i: ;:;;,^j: P-io.. .. Dr. rran^nn. who had ..en tofched >'c. jppcais to the Continental CoMRress in the leite,.; I,,. l,.„i 1 the 8th hi;: ii ;;;:;;:,;^;::'7 vr '\ "'^ ^""•" '^^ >■ '- ^^^-^ -- cleavor the ohtaini rf/n r ''''.'""^'""« '"'"■ '' "«"rred to me to en- what powder r::;^. ' .Mn,,^— r U 'T' ' ''^™''"" " ^^"^' ^- for ourselves to n.rt with 1 ' '^'^ '' "''''' ''^^'•""■'j' "■»"«'>f '^'^'"e importance of L r e v l'. '' '""" ."^' '''"'""'"■'• '''' -I'-'-'tinK the for that ar.id^ e erf ;:: er.:"T 'r' '^r' r" '"^"^'''>' >"" '^^ ""•'- with twenty ...,r hnndS S^s ti;^:^ 2'j; ,; ^ ^''^'''^^^"" ^ -^"" ir.-) Ij(i .1 (ioiHiin.i) (IF n\isiii.\(iiu\ UKMAMIN FRANKLIN I I'liiloio/'lu'r ,111,1 Stiitt-siihui " lienjamin Franklin was Ixirn in Hoston, January 7tli, 1706. He was the yiiiingest of seventeen children, and was intendeit tor liis father's bnsiness, which was that of a soap-boiler and tallow-chandler, but being disgusted with this ein- ployuient, he was apprentiied to his brother who was a printer. This occuiiation was mure congenial to his tastes, and he used to devote his nights to the perusal of such books as his scanty means enabled him to buy. liy restricting himself to a vegetable diet, he obtained more money for intelleciual purposes, and at sixteen had reati Locke on the Understanding, Xent)phon's Memorabilia, and the Port Royal Logic, in addition to many other works. Having incurred the dis- pleasure of his father and brother, he ran away, sailed in a sloop to New York, walked thence to I'hiladelphia, and entered that city with a dollar in his pocket, and a loaf of bread under his arm. Here he obtained employment as a primer, and Sir \\'illiam Keilh, the governor, observing his diligence, persuaded him to go to England to purchase materials for a press, on his own account, promising him letters of introduction and credit. This was in 1725. He found he was the bearer of no letters relating to himself, and he was accordingly obliged to work at his trade in London. He returned to I'hiladelphia, where, in a short time, he enlered into business with one Meredith, and about 1728 began a news- pa[)er, in which he inserted many of his moral essays. He published 'Poor Riciiard's Almanac' for a quarter century and more. It is well known for its pithy sayings : 'Drive thy business, let not that drive thee;' 'God gives all things to industry ; then ])low deep while sluggards sleep, and you will have corn to sell and keep ; ' ' Three removes are as bail as a fire ; ' ' Keep thy sho]), and thy shop will kerp thee; ' ' If you would have your business done, go; if not, send ; ' as poor Richard says. The frugal ma.xims of ])oor Hick, Franklin him- self strictly observed, and he grew to prosperity anil good repute in his adoined city. At the age of twenty-seven he began the study of the modern and clas- sical languages. He founded the University of Pennsylvania and the American Philosophical Society, and invented the Franklin stove, which still holds its place, even among the variety of modern inventions of a similar kind. In 1746, he made his experiments on electricity and apjilied his discoveries to the inven- tion of the lightning rod, "In 1751, he was appointed deputy-postmaster-general for the Colonies. .After the defeat of Hraddock, a bill for organizing a ])rovincial militia having [lassed the assembly, I'Vanklin was chosen its commander. In 1757,116 was sent to F'.ngland with a |)etition to the king and council against the ]iroprietaries, wiu) refused to bear their share in the |)ublic e\|ienses. While thus emjiloyed he published several works, which gained him a liij^h reputation, and the agency of ^Llssaclluselts, .M.iryland and Oeorgia. In 1762, I'raiiklin was chosen fellow of m BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. ( /,'/;., ^^^^^S|p^W8ppB5SBSBBp u Is. II. It, .1 p Sill -±X. DESJAMIN FHAKKLIS 159 tho royal suciety, and made doctor of laws at Oxford, and the same year re- turned to America. ; '» ic '■In .764, he was again depute.l to Knghmd as agent of his province, and in .766 was examined before the House of Commons on the sul.ject ol the Stamp Act H,s answers were clear and .lecisive. His conduct in J.;„gland was worthy of h.s previous character. Finding him warn.ly attached to the Colonies in vect.ve ami coarse satire were leveled against hin>, but his integrity and n.atch- le.ss w.t formed an invulnerable defence. He was next -.ffered 'any reward unhnmed recompense, honors and recon.pense beyond l.s expectations/ if he would for.sake his country, but he stood firm as a rock. " He returned to America in ,775, and was in.mediately chosen a member of Congress, an.l performed the most arduous duties in the service of his country Me was sent as Commissioner to France in 1776, and concluded a treaty Feb- ruary 6th. ,778, ,n which year he was appointe.l Minister Plenipotentiary to the Cour of Versailles, and one of the commissioners for negotiating pea e with Great lin.ain. Ai, ou,h he solicited leave, he was not permitted to return till 1785. He was ma.Ie President of Pennsylvania, and as a delegate to the Con- vention of 1787, approved the Federal Constitution. He died April 17 1700 -How generally he was beloved, both at home and abroad the var ous honors which he received, show. Incorruptible, talented, and virtuous he 7Z l\ 'fr^ f '"^' '^'"^"^^'"' ^^"" ^•--'-■-" '-" ' as one whom all Kuiope held m high estimation for his knowledge and wisdom; who was an onor.not to the English nation only, but to human nature.' His ^.1" Ijumor rendered Ins society acceptable to every cla.ss. On one occasion, h d.n.ng with the English ambassador and a French functionary at Pari The former rose ami gave the following sentiment : ' England ! the bright n w ose rays illuminate the world ! ' The French gentleman, struggling I , v pa riotism and politeness, proposed. • France ! the moon whose nSd beai s di l.cl he shaes of night.' Dr. Franklin, rising in turn, said. -Gei erU O oige \ ashington ! the Joshua who commanded the sun and moon to staiul s ii nd tl>ey ..eyed him!' Franklin's wit and h„mor are happily displa eT i'n n epitaph which he once wrote. >• "'i-piajeti m an " Tlie body of l!LMij:uiiin Krankliii, I'riiilL-i- (like Ihc cover of an old book, its contents lorn out, and stri|,ped of its letlerinf,- and gildinKI, lies here, food for worms ; yet the work itself shall not be lost, for it will (as he believed) appear once more in a new and more beauliful e.lition, corrected and amended by tile .\iithor." , 1 f 1 B 1 I j f .1 ■ 1 ' ■ !i 1 \ l1 100 .1 aoncmi.n or n asiii.\(;T().\ ('llie following hints are from his " Advice to a Vonng Tradesman," written in 1748) ; " Remember that time is money. He that can earn ten shillings per day by his labor, and goes abroad, or sits idle on half of that day, though he spends lint sixpence during this diversion or idleness, ought not to reckon ///.in beget niiTC, and so on. I'lve shillings turned \; six ; turned again, it is seven and three- pence ; antl so on, until it becomes a hundred jjounds. " The most trilling actions that affect a man's credit are to be regarded, 'J'he sound of your iiannncr at li\e in the morning or nine at night, heard by creditor, makes him easy .six months longer ; but if he sees you at a billi.ird l.ilile, or he. us yniir \'oice at the t.ivern, when you should be at wo:k, he sends iur his money ihe next day. •• In shnrt, the uav to wealth, if you desire it, is as pl.iin as the w.iy to m.ukei. Ii (U']iends cliielly on two words — induslry and Irugaiity; that is, waste neither tunc nor money, bul make the besi use of both. " " lloiuieiir ilii iimivcan iiuuulc il ilc riuunaiiito, t 'i' ."-.iije niiuiiML' v\ vrai K's i;uiili' rl Ir^ nl.un' ; < oiiiim" (in .ui:u' MlhI'iv, || cni'lii' u I'uil villi;, liie, Sims lo^ ti.iiis I'lin luurlcl, luu- iliviiiitL." Ii P RIRTHPLACE OI" B. FRANKLIN. MRS. FRANKLIN. (J'l^f /('/) ."^ ■HKH m^ '^■iMii-.L '11 1. Sh- im A •SAM[Ji.;i, CIIAsi.; .,::r;r;: :x;!:;r ';;:'::r:;;:™:;::';v,;:'"' -'--•' >™ isKT, ul,o ,:a,Me from K,,.! „hI uhI u-,. 1 e ''' '" '' l"^''"!'''' "um. t..KM,ls. in.lusirv inlmmiiiv- i,,,, • "'" '''""'■'I '" Hi.; pnuticr, .,,,,1 .his <--ll on a ...ission L Cu H^^^rT ' "I ' ''"'""' "'"' ''•^'■"^"" -"' >l.e inlK .,„s. U'lK.„ ,,1; • ' "'V" "^ '^'"" '■'■^""'K the goo, In, 1 1 „f - "e 1... .n.-> pn J;;,;;.;;;.,:: r n,r;: ;;;;':;""""-'"-^ ^- ^'^^-^ ^•-k.-.. """"••li^"^''y tn,v,.,sr,l the „n,vin. ''>' '1"^ '"nv,.M„„„ of Maryl,„„l, l,,,- ""''■l-n.le.ue; a,„l will, authori.v M V "'''' '""'y/vas .„,I,u:.' '<" '-.I heen in.n.s,.,! .o'kr'''^'' '?'"'"''''''''''' >-'l'^ Peno,l, ,l,e slate m-overe,! six I,„n.|, r, , •"'""'■ ^' ' •'*"''-'|Hn,. <^<:anK.an|uainl,.,lw„l, |.,„, Kox, :,n,l |{,„l<. "ot'Ieem suffiriently ,|..n,onanVal. ,„,-„, ,„. ,, . . tl'e Keneral court of .Marvlaiul. If,. ,,,,.' ..■.....■''''""""■'' ' ''i^''' J'lsli' <• of '79 1, when, ,„, orrasioi, of a H, II' h he (lift '" ■''"• '"'"asappoinle.l (hie ""^ e ullender, presented the judge hnmell for hohling what they deemed two incon.patd.le offices, il.ose of „dge in the cnmmal and general courts. l!nt the judge cahnly inforn.ed ti,en, tha, they touched upon topics beyond their province. In .796, he was appoin.e.l an associated judge of the United States, in winch station he conlinned for fif- teen years. Vet in ,804, at the instigation of John Randolph, he was im- |K>ached l,y the house of representatives, accu.sed of various misdemeanors m some political trials, as of 1-r.cs, C'allender, eic. ll,s trial before the .^enue ended in his acquittal, March 5th, ,805. On five of the eight charges a ma- jority acquitted hun ; on the others a majority was against him, but not the re- quired number of two-thirds. Mis health laded in 18.,, an.l he clenly saw that he was approaching the grave. A short time before his death he partook of the sacrament, and declared himself to be in peace with all niankiiul In ins will he prohibited any mourning dress on his account, and requesle.l . plain inscription on his tomb of only h,s name, and the date of iii birth and death His widow, Hannah Kiity, died in Baltimore in ,848, aged ninety-three' Judge Chase w,,s a man of eminent talents, and of great ourage and firmness but unhappily, he w.,s irascible and vehement. Ab.re of humilitv and more of mildness would have preserved him from much trouble. Wt wis he a zealous patriot an.l a sincere and affectionate frien.l, and lu.twiihstandiug some of the imperfections of man. Ins name deserves lo be held in honor A rei^ort of I ,s trial was published." ' ICIll ;ov- tlie ilge (Ige lliiit ili'd lif- ini- ; in late nia- re- saw (lok In lain ath. lie. ess. eof litis the B^jjIB^^wi^ll^^^^^^^^^^j Hp^ ^3Hr^l SAMUKL CHASE. (J:,,v /(-,_,-) r- if r I fill, ■twrafci^ ClIAHLES c.MiliOI.L Uil CHARIJCS CARROLL A Si\wr of the J)rr/„n,/w,i of /m/rfrm/nice ''Of the fiftysix signers of the Declaration of Independence, Charles Car- ol o Carrollton ,s noted as hav,ng been the wealthiest Lan, the ^nly Cathol c nd the last surv.vor of the immortal band of patriots who pledge.l he,r lu ' tl.e,r fortunes and their sacred honor for the snpport of the imerican cl.s Charles Carroll s gran.lfather and namesake, the first of the name n, ames IL of England, destroyed the hopes of the Catholic party in Great Br.ta.n. Ihree years after his arrual, Mr. Carroll was appoin ed Lo d h mores c nef agent n, ,I,e .olony, and received from the' lord propr t r f Ma ylanc grants of lan.l, an.ounting to sixty thousand acres. A co si e b e par of th,s doma,n has .lesccnde.l from father to son, though six ^T e u bn 1 al s uhich IS now in the i,eart of Jbltimore, east of Calvert street and south of Mad,son Street. He died in .7.0. leaving two sons. CI r e ' e brm er, .nher.ted most of the family estate, according to the law of p in og n tuie then prevading in the colony of Maryland pnniogeni "In .729, the .Maryland Assembly passed an act for the formation of a town n e „o,,, ,,, k f „,e Patapsco river, in Halt„.ore county, and It^ e the .^onth. I he price paid was forty shillings per acre- the samel, ml ,. -.... ably worth four hundred thousand dol.L 'an a..: ' In^Il ^ L^ car, the conm,.ss,uuers commenced laying off the town; but its growth wis ; V and at the end of a quarter of a century the place contained only tw n five houses, with a population of two hundred .souls ^ ''Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the third and most illustrious of his name ••".i pethaps the most distinguished man that Maryland has ever produced s "l^aSl^T"^ "; '']'■ ''' ''' "«eof eigl^hewassenttiEu;; ^';: Je 1 ; so" '""'^T '"r '" F-"---^ ^'t the college of the 'English lil^Cvr;' "':>"■"' '^ '""'^^" J^^""^ ^^ ^^"--- -- ^t .he coSege no T the . 1 r\ ■'•'', " '"'' '"' ^^""^"^' '" -^""'j' ''^'^ --' >-v. and two oic at the college of Louis le O.an.l. During these twelve studious years he ^ " mi;:; T" "''" ^"'"^'^ '^"«"^s^' '' "•--" -.s.:; d I T I r%,/'' ';"• '"^^^"^ '" ^'°""""' -^' '-ame a student of the nner Umple. 1 he next seven years were devoted cliiefly to siu.lv leu,l .„d . y ; but study did not engross his entire time, for we hnd him mi gl 1 . n I fashionable bfe at Tunbri.lge Wells, and occasionally running o^xr ,0 Pari q.-^l b's high social position at home opened to him the best society I(i8 .1 iionrini.n hf WAsiiixaniy ( 1 1 " Alter ;in abscme iif iiinct(.'cn m'.iis, C , .irlcs t'.iriull rctunifd to Maryland in 1764, and foiinil llie Colonics in a condition of growinj^ discoiittMit inidcr the exactions of the home government. In tlie following year the eniliers of imlit ical disquietude were fanned ini(j llanie iiy the i)assage of tiie Stani|i Act. His long absence abroail had not lessened Mr. Carroll's luve for his native land, and he threw himself heart and soul into the arena, to fight for American rights. The spirit that animated him is e' .ilenced b\ his letters, written soon after his return home, to a friend in l.oiuloii. In one of these he says : 'Nothing can overcome the aversion of the people to the Si, imp Acl, and tlieir love of liberty, but an ariiKMl t'orce, and that, loo, not a > onieinplible one. 'Co judge from the spirit the Colonies have already shown, anil which, I hope to (Jod will never tail them oil the day of trial, twenty thousand men wcmld tind it difficult tu enforce the law; or, more properly speaking, to ram it down our throats.' •' The repeal of the litamp .Act gave a temiiorary lull to the ]>olitical excite- ment, but it was soon rekindled. In the war of pamiihlets that preceded the l)eciaration of Independence, Charles Carroll took a leading part, and was rec- ognized as one of the ablest writers on the patriot side. Although he had more at stake than any other m.iii in .Mar\kmd, or perhaps in the whole country, he advocated the boldest measures. It was he who advised the burning of the I'eggy .Stewart, in broad daylight, in .\nnapolis harbor, when that vessel arrivetl there with a cargo of the obno.xious tea. It was owing to his indefatigable ex- ertions that the .Maryland delegates in Congress were instructetl to yule for in- de|.eiidence. l-rom the commencement of the controversary — as he wrote to his correspondent, Mr. Cii'.ues, a member of the Hritish Parliament — he hioked ' to the bayonet as the solution of the difficulties between the mother country and her cohjiiies, confident that, though the Hritish troojis might march from one end of the comitry to the other, they would, nevertheless, lie masters only of the spot on which they encamped 1 ' " Soon after his return to .\meiica, his father gave him Carrollton Manor, in .Anne .Arundel county ; and from that time he w.is known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton. The story that he llist used the addition t(j his signature when he signed the Uecl.iratioii of Independeme, is a fii tion. "Charles Carroll was married in 1768, to Mary Darnall, daughter nf Henry I'.irnall, the snrve\iir general of theColon\. Tlie gloom wore ' a silk lined wedding suit,' made in London. The marriage was followed by splendid fes- tivities at .Annapolis, and at Doughoregaii Manor, in Howard county. The bri ' ■f>»'-w>«ii«»iifwii|»»p^ ^^^W^^^Wwi ■■■W^'-YW.'.Xtr- iSaim CHAliLES VAliliOLl. 171 re,,ly. a,ul ^l^. Carroll look up ,hc- pen and signed it there and then - There go a few nidhons/ saul a bystander, and all who were present ™d tlni point of fortune, none had more to risk. ^ •'For twcnty-f.ve years after signing the Declaration of Independence tl,e l.fe of Charles Carroll was one of entire .levotion to his state and cou 'j P^ -c ..reer n.a, „e tin.s snnnned „p : n,en,ber of the first col: ^ Xw ^ vation, twice m the convention of Maryland, twice a .leleuite tn r.,, cl-osen United States Senator, and fo.ir titnes a S.^.L S eitut; ""' """' -ghoregan Manor, his favorite county seat an.l ancest'ral h..n,e, was iuul. 0....-0 stories in height, ijr h;;:h:dr::;r";;:t;:i,:^^^^ 'v, rrr^; CARROLL MANOR HOUSE. ^ ""^ Senectute.' He also read t e 1 ' , " "''"' '""'« ^'"^°'« ' De son, and Sl^.kespea e F. t 1 u r ' ''"'"'"■■^' ■•^"'•-". ^wilt, Pope, John- taste having been .,r,.ed ; ^dy ^f T Hr,",""/'^^' 'j^ '"" -' --' - loved and praised. ^ ^ ^'"'^ ''''''"^^' "■''■'^'> ^'''^^rles Lamb -ill"" Thrf,;:; -I:,: i:';:,;;''"7 'r'^ '^ "-'■'■■^"^ -^ "- «-— - ^^ car- -"e heroes and pa.riots of the Revoh.ti 'n-U-ashingt::; ,1^;:;;:.::^;: ^^ J ' I i Nl'r 1 172 .1 iioDrini.i) or ]\'.\siri\(;T().\' Ilnu.ud, ;iiul (iilii-r famous men. Hospitality at the manor was profuse, gener- ous, aiiudst |iri)tlinal, but tlie master nf tiie lunise lived in patriarchal simplicity. "His eitlest (laughter, I'olly, married Kich.ud Caton, an I'-nglishnian who came to this country soon alter (Jrcat Hritain acknowledged the independence of the United States, and settled in IJalliuKjre. When he fell in love with Mi>s Carroll, and proposed for her hand, her father ohjecled to the young man's hx k of fortmie. He reasoned with his daughter u\hi\\ the imprudence of such a marriage, but found that his arguments had no tliect. ' If he gets in jail,' urged Mr. Carroll, 'who will take him out?" His ilaughter raiseil her beautiful li.inds, and exclaimed, 'These hands will take him out.' .Seeing her so deter- mineil, her father made no further cijiixisition, and gave his daughter a |)rin(;ely dowry. " Mrs. Calon was one of the most elegant women of the day. Her charming manners and amiable dis])osition won all hearts. Ceorge \Vashington was among tliose who admired her m.iny graceful accomplishnieuts, and she was a great fav- iprite at the first President's republican court. She had four daughters, all of whom married foreigners, three of them becoming members of the iMiglish peerage. "The story of the Caton girls is full of interest, and not a little romantic. I'lie eldest, Mary, who was the most beautiful of the sisters, took for her first husband R(jbert Patterson, the brother of the Elizabeth I'atterson who married Napoleon's brother Jerome. Mr. and Mrs. I'atterson sailed for England a few weeks after their marriage, accompanied by the bride's two sisters. Their let- ters of introduction from the Jiriiish minister at Washington opened to them the best society of England, and the remarkable beauty of the three sisters won them the title of 'the .American Graces.' Among their English accpiaintances was the Duke of Wellington, and it was he who jircseuted them at the court of the prince regent. M sight of the fair Americans, the ' I'lrst gentleman of Eurojie' is said to have complimented them with, ' Is it jmssible that the world can produce such beautilul women? ' " Louisa Caton, the yoimgest of the ' .American fJraces,' was the first to marry abroad. In iSty, she became the wife of Colonel Sir Eelion Batluust Hervey, who was the Duke of Wellington's aide-de-camp at Waterloo. After their mar- riage, tiie Iron Duke entertained the young couple for several weeks at AValmer t'aslle, while dinners and balls were given in their honor by the leading mem- beis of the arist(jcracy of England. Mrs. Patterson returned to America soon after her sister's marriage, but Elizabeth Caton remained in l'',nglaiid with l.ady Hervey. "Sir Felton Hervey died in 1819, after which the two sisters made an exten- sive tour of the continent. Tlnee years later Robert Patterson died, and the next year his widow joined her sisters in England. Soon after her arrival, the Duke of Wellington invited the three sisters to his country seat. During their stay there, the Marquis of Wellesley visited the castle, and was captivated by the beauty and grace of Mrs. Patterson. He was at the time lord lieutenant of Kil CII.MU.I'S c.Ht/io/j. 173 Irelaml. Although past three .somc, he retamd „u,ch of the line huure of his »vl.cM his yo>,„Ker hro.her, the fut„re hero of Assaye, Vi.toria, aiul Waterloo was o„ly a young and nu specially pronnsu.g sol.iier. Mrs. Pa/terson :^t:. H-1 to the n>ar,u,s ,n O, toher, ,8.5, and tins it happened that an Ameri an liecanie the sovereign lady of Ireland. -wuerican •' While the Marchioness of Uellesley was presiding over J)uhlin Castle the attention o. the whole American people was\l,rec.e,l .0 In.r v e a ;^^^^^^^^^^^ nt';8t .:. Ta T\ " ''""'"^^ ^''"'^'^ ='"" J""" '"-"- "-••' ■' peiukue Lpon the next anniversary of the tlay.adinnerwasgivenatC'hules- ton. at w Inch li.shop J.:ngla,Kl proposed as a toast : < Charles ( ioll o f the"s!vth'l)l'";'l' "r'^'^,'"'"'"' ""^ ^''^"-1"^^ '^' <~'arn.arthen, eldest son o, he sixt Duke of Leeds. I en years later he succeeded to his father's title „.d Louisa Caton reached the hi,lH-st rank in the Jiritish peerage. He .lied .'s- ' Chailes Carroll, Jr., his only son, died in iS... eight veirs bef „■,. I,i. f „ He took no part in pul.lic a,.urs. hut was a cons^uS £ ^Z ^^ lie of his tune His wife survived hi.n for rrrore than a cpiarL of a en v.th Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and .Mrs. Uilham li.adfonl of Pen, I .'., was .nongtl. last sut.u.rs of ,. resident Washington's Mepuhl. Charles Carroll of Carrollton die.l on the ,oth of November, ,8,3 in the "inety-sixth year of his age. at the city residence of the fimilv „^fi .'|. > at the corner of Lombard and Front streets. lialtanore.-_c;::S •Jk::^:;::" i:4 .1 i.iiDCIIII.n iiF A.^lllXdTdX it 1 !ii l.\\ ii> /;/rn:xj/(ii;si-: 177 I IK- r..p,,,:U.on 1,. ,|.n.,.,| ,„„„ „. ,:ons.nu:,„.M of ,i„s orn-.y. .s wHI -.s "i- -'.,.,. nMV„„s>lv.,„.,a,„l ,„ s,.,.....,| .,< ,1,. n.-,Khl,.,nn, m.,u. Ii'il.,1,, I), .-,„„, I, ■hhI 1|„- |.,l,- Mr l,,|,,, l,L l^'^Mi. .i.n„l ll„.,„v 1. , ■'"'"' '■"'^••"'*.-""nM'MnoMS.„.,ll„n,,,i. '" ■' '1"^ - -y. I h.-s.- ,..n.k.,n.-n ;,,,,.■._•, ,:„c,l )„■, ,..k-n.s. .u,.! ,Mn„-,l n, n,,,„ir :r:;;:::;:,;;;,!r-r';;r;;;ri:;-^ ■.^«^ '"^""""•"' '"•■^-- "- '■x.-iic-i , ,, ,,,„ ,„. ., , , ; lllll (WC ll.lllJ^'Cl) • I,.- al ■■•"•'■"'•■'"■^•K-'Ij.mIk' .r., I„.vm,-,.,, Ill a( ( li .•i.:;:i!:;:::/,';;:;;r'''';;:r;''"''''"''''''^^ •■"-'■""■• "K'ilu.!c|p,i„(;i,rnwiw..- 1-.., .. i ' r "r:* v'"""" ' '' "-' ■"■- •••-" -- 'I'l'i-lhlcl vc.-y mipctlaiil a^l|o '>"l :> ':li,ii-i ■ • f„r su, I, ,s ,i„ , ^ ■ '■ ' ""-■ "''"''■ '""'""I will, ii i( 178 ,1 iiDHiiiiJ.n or ir.i.s7//.v',vo,v. |i^:: l()Sii|ilii-i , It i',\( ilcil III till ih-iLiiit of one ol the ( i/iit.ii Is 'il llic planet wiih lli<; sun, .111 i-iiii>liiiii (it clili^ht SI) (:x<|iiisilc and |)owciliil, as to iikIik (.• laintnif^ Tins will UMilily lie lielieved liy tliuse who have known the extent ol that pleasure whii h alleiiils the discovery, or lirst |)ei<:e|)li(jn ol lliith. Soon alter this event, we liiid iiiiii aetinn as oiii' of the ( iiiniiiittee appointed lo ohseive Ihi' Ir.insit ol Men iiry on the yth ol Noveniher, in the same y{real salislaclion liy the astronomers (if Ivirope, and ( oninlinted niii< h to laise the i haiai ler ol our then inlanl i ountry for astroiiomii al kiiouleilj^e. " In the year l 77=;, lie was a|)poinled tn < .aiipose and deliver the annual oia tion lieloie the I'hilosopliK ,d Sonet)-. The suhjrit ol it was llie hislory of astronomy. The language of this oration is simple, lnit the senlimciils (un- laineii ill it are iiu'.eiiions, original, and in S(jme insliia is sulilime. "Talents so splindid, and kliowledfV" so piailual in malheniat u s, aie like mines of pm ions mt.-tals. They liei ome puliln pioperiy liy |)iililic (onseiit. The St. lie ol Pennsylvania w.is not inseiisihle ol the wealth she possessed in the mind of Mr Killenhouse. She ( lainicd hiin as her own, and ein|]h,\iil him in Ijiisiness of the most important iialuie. "Ill the \iMr 1779 Ik' was ajipointed hy tin- I .e(;islatiiic ol l'enns\ K.inia, one of the I ominissioiieis fir adjiislin^; a term or la I dispiile hrUu-en rennsylvania anil Vuf^iiiia, and to his j;reat talents, moderation and hrmness, were ascrihed, in a ureal defjrrp, the salisfailory termiii itioii of lliat our e alai iniiif; controversy, in the year I 7S:;. "ill tlie \t'ar if'^-\ lie assisted in delermiiiiii^! the len).'tli of live decrees of loiii;itude from a point on the ri\er Helaware, in order to fix the uesiern limits of Pennsylvania. "Ill I 7S6 he was <-m ployed in fi.vin).; I lie iioithern line, wliii h divides I'enii- sylvaiiia from New V'ork. " lint the apphcalion of his lalents and kiiouled).;e to the selllenii-ijl of lerr'- tonal dispnles, was not (oiilined to his iialue stale. In the yeai I 7^9, he w: s i he was < lioseil successor to I )i I'ranklri in the 1 hair of the I'liilo- i> n/i) niriEMincsic sophir,,! Sw. I, ly. Ii, t|,i.sc-lcv;il,,l sl:iti(; 179 II, iIk- Ih;,'IicsI tliat |,Mloso|,liy , ai ;::;r:::rL''r:;:;r::;;--r::;if£ i..^»....». or ,,,.;:r,:v::;,:::':i:i":?:'", """■■:'» ' II. l-y .1 'lon.Hi,,,, „l il„f,- I,„,„Ik-.I i,„„i„Is. "« •"-■" ™l"."" ».il, ,„,„,„. ,1 ,„, ,,,„,, ' '•>;" "^■■' "■■■■' •■n. U.: Hk- ' :iilHV.,ir(,n .,r II,,-,,, n i , .. " '" "" ^'"ii'K niii. I, ii„„- k, ■^■^^iit::l:^ ■-- •"'^•""■■K-. Ill Ills .K.t,v.. I,.,.«u ,J,. ' ""■' ""■ '"^ ■■'""'"•-' ""!' "-"-• -"'^sT:,t;;Tl,:;:i/;:i:~^^^ - -...„„.„- l-l'i'-'-iii.nos.tlnsvit :,■":"'''''"'''" '^^ M 1-. m .,.„. '-.'J.;is;lu:'i;:;:;r-^'n';:r;'-'"-7;^ '^'^^ •1"^ "'"■ ••! .S,,,l,-s l„.,.„ in,. ■ ""'■'' '""'" "' •' I'"''''' '•'I'l'^i'iol. « -nil Jro,„,,i' ; ' .' ;: ^ ''-'• ''-^ ...,.,. „■„.,,. , I'.ilin iji.criv ° ' Ir „■ ill t ill l,y r III iiic.iviiii,,. (Ik- Uv\ „| (;,,,.k in,! y ---"i'^ii;tt;j;;;:;:;r^ - '"•■■"^ -" "vny .i,t ami J : '": ''''"'-'I''"-' '--.tions ami m,i,„„v.: "■" '"^ '■-•,.„,„,„„ ,„, „.;,„•„," '' '" ""'"•" •"'■' '"■'^'^"^' •""""""s. V.U-.I In.,,..,,..,, '"''^'"""' "'■■'■""'. -'"■"■- i..,i,,.a„-U.-ni,isanM:„l,i- 'ii 'ii'- iiioi... Iiniii,.,! Ill l,.'i , '' I'fHat. i,f,., Mr km,.„l,„„s,: ,:„„„, laiiiJc'd '■-jf HO .1 coDciiii.i) or irAsiiixarox f I fstecm and affection. As a neighljor lie w.is kind anil charitai)le. His sym- pathy extended in a certain degree to distress of e.cry kind, but it was excited with tiie most force, and the kindest effects, to tiie weakness, jjain, and |)overty u{ old age. — .As a friend he was sincere, ardent, and disinlcresled. As a com- panion, he instructed on all subjects. " His family ct)nstituted his chief society, and the most inliniate circle of his friends. When tiie declining state of his healtli rendered the suliimle of his study less agreeable than in forn)er years, he passeil whole evenings in reading or conversing with his wife and daughters. Ila])py family I so much and so long blessed with sue!) a head ! and happier still, to have possessed diNpusitiuiis and knowleiige to discern and love his e.\alted character, and to enjoy his in- structing conversation ! " 'I'he house, and manner of living of our president, exhibited the tasic of a philosopher, the simplicity of a republican, and the temper of a Christian. He was independent, and contented with an estate, small in the estimation of ambi- tion and avarice, but amply suited to all his wants and desires. He held the ottice of 'i'reasnrer of Pennsylvania, by an annual and unanimous vote of the Legislature, between the years 1777 antl 1789. During this period, he declined purchasing the smallest portion of the public debt of tlie state, thereby manifest- ing a delicacy of integrity, wliicii is know 11 and fell only by pure and elevated minds. " In the year 1792, he was persuaded to acce])t of the oftice of Director of the Mint of tlie United Stales. His want of health obliged him to resign it in 1795. Here his conduct was likewise above suspicion, for 1 have been informed by his colleague in oftice, that in several instances, he paid for work done at tiie mint out of his salary, where he thought the charges for it would be ilreiiRd e.\trav.igaiit by the United .States. " His economy extended to a wise and pmlitable use of his tune. No man ever found him unemployed. As an a[)ology for detaining a frieiul fur a tew minutes, while he arranged some papers he had been examining, he said, • tli.il he once thought health the greatest blessing in the world, but that he lunv thought there was one thing of much greater value, and that was time.' " The countenance of Mr. Ritlenhouse, was too remarkable to be unnoticed uixiii this occasion. It dis|)layed such a mi.xture of contemplation, benignity, and innocence, that it was easy to :listinguish his person in the largest company, by a ])revii)tis knowledge of his character. His manners were civil, and engag- ing to such a degree, that he seldom passed an hour, even in a public house, in traveling through our country, wilhout being followed by the good wishes of all who attended upon him. There was no affectation of singularity, in anything he said or did. I'A'en his handwriting, in whicli this weakness so frequently dis- covers itself, was simple and intelligible at first sight, to all who saw it. " Here 1 expected to have finislied the detail of his virtues, but in the neigh- borhooil of that galaxy created by their connected lustre, I behold a virtue of inestimable value, twinkling, like a rare and solilaiy slar. li was his superla- i '.JJL. DAVin HITTEXlinVSE j^j r;r-" - -- -«»r^:.:.';;f™,i;:! " \Vc proceed now t„ the closing seems of his life thro„gh which he often lo^ke-U ^ n e .o ttnlTnir"' f '' "'" ^ ""'"'^^ from the inrre.se an-l tierferti „, r i '^^'''-" ""^ "'^'e'lce, where of the objects of his conten 1 , ^"■'•■"" ■""-'"""'•^ ^""1 ^^Ment -;;;;;. an;he.nr::--:^r;;h:r:^ wl>y they were not inv .. i " i ! 7 '" """"" ''"■^' "^' '''''' ''^ ^'^^^•'' wife) you are too we.-.k o sne"k tn M ' v "' '""'• ^ ''"'''''' <-''• '- could still haves,„ee d the.v'h k^ 'n' ' I"'' '"'' "'^" '^ •■■^'^■' "'" ' to his family, friinds co ,tn n't . ',"'' '' '"' -■^■^"--K -ith love tin;'ii';r !:: i;^':i^";i;:;;:^';^,::'-^; r-^"^- ^^ "^^^"- "■•^" "^'" "-'^ '-- thin^^ and bclievi,. ■ d ' '" ^' ""'' ^"" '"^''""'••renre to every- Verydita': : ,;;^^, ;•:;« m "•^"""^:/'- "->■'""' I'kephi.osophei Cluistian, interested n, he e relf d[ ^^'^^"r;' l'""'-H-- He died like a <-". -Kl the life to c . d o, ; ''T''"^^ "^ '■" "'^- ••-"'■'- Dciiy. ' ^''"^ ''"'^"'^' '^^'^ In.ppu.ess fron, every attribute „f the c>^v:i;?sti;:;^;;;;;::i;j:,^:t' ^- — - *" - o^-ry .... .. 1' "as natural or hm it en. "''°"' '■°"'""-" "'' '''^ ^^"""-citizens. M-iker. to feel , t"cl , T, T""' ''^ •"^^""■"'"^ '" "^ ■"-"- «f h,s e.Ige of his perfect .t"di "'^' ^''""" ^^•'"^^'' ''^' ''-' -"-a.ed a knowL l>is works. IlereaTte ; s H 1 "'"'"""';"' ^-"' '"'" 'I'rongh the tnclinn, of 77;'-->-ti4^.:!;:;:orz;::^^^^^^ cliii.lren yet unborn, shall noint fn ,h. 1 > h'™'''Keto l„s tonil,, and ' there lies our Rittenhonse ■ ' "" """=" '''''''' "' ^"'" --'''"^D say, From .. The American Universal Magazine," Lebrnary .o.h, ^,,,. frt \^ ■ ! J CHArTER VII I'F.KKiii 1 776-1 777 "In August, 1776," continues ('liam clkir Rout, " (leneral Sclniyler held a treaty on tlie L'piier Muliawk, with the Six >.'atiiins. The negotiation was of the utmost importance, and that service was nf the greatest vahie. But the presence and niaintenance of one thousand eight htnuhe '-y •■- -h,tion Sdu,y,e,, an 1 " ll^^: j^ ,^""'7 "' ^'''"'^' •''--'-'en, Fort "■ns in l'h,la,lelnhia e w ■ f """■"'' '"' '"" '""""'« 'l'^-" '^e 1'i.s superior) he w,s in u-ti ! ' '"" ^^''-•'^^■'•^'' '"'^^ ""'>■ l^'ing an.i iceier!.,:;::;; ;:r' : : T"^--' ;"-'"'« ^-^-i- ' •-ontributed most essentidlv il n '"nman.ler-in-Chief. lie also ^^^^_^^^^^^^^^ essentially whde n, ( ongress tu reorganise the eumnnssary ,1c- e-pej a^isiMr":' L r a;::;;-.:: "t^'Ti ^'^ ■; *"^" "'^""' """" our Co.UKils in the extremitv , ." ':'"^- ' " '"''' '" ^'"^ eniharrassn .„ „f par. of the state iZ^t^'^ t^T' '"^ ""•^"'"^"" "^ "'" "-"'-^' and just then ingrafted i o ll '"' '■^■'"■'■■■"''"^'' '" the convention. of cutnheriand f;f oj ^^ ™:;r';;::i;"r '"^ "-'- "^ "-^ '--'^^ '"-->-'-- on.her3thon:::i;:;::;;^:r;i:;:',:;:^^ m II \t*\ A (lonciiii.i) OF WASH y: t::z: :;:',;::"•:;■ -""" -""•"' "'«- • ""■—I -»";:-; -;v::i;:;!;:::::;;r; ;;;:tr '""; »::;i:.::":::";,:':,:;r,;;r.T- -«'*-"■" ;"™'.S;r -T H,„.„„„ „ ' : :,:, or::;:'";.;""' ,"■,"■;■ •■"■ '™'"" -;;,:;l,;' ■-•-- - - c:c.;jr;,:t;::;-;-::;::;!:; Oencral IIcrkin,..r .0 rouse .1,;,; ,',; "•■' ""' ^■'"-•"'"•••'«<-''l '^'iK.uiier- arms, a,ul provisions. ' K^ 'm '''"•''"''''' ^'^^'^' '''-"'''> '''-• age t,.e conn,,-,, an., co,.nU.ac, llC ,.,,! r^' LT '7r ''" '";"" " >"Kt"n, .,n Ihe ,2,1, „f Tulv th-u h. : ? , "'•'''""■'■'' ^'^'"^■'■■I Wash- ,^oss,h,e n,cans. < If n v c lur vl t """' "" "'"">'^ ^•■'-"- '^ ^'H •'" -t n.an,, .,espon., :::!;: ra;:'!::;,::,;: ^■'^"■- 7-' "--'>•-' mnrh fnni.er into tl,e country ' ' "'"">' '^'''"" P^'"^"-atn:g as .he m„itia, f,,;.^ , ' ' " "m''''''^- '""^ ">— '• ''- 1-uire.l. C^-ve.-s ,.i«a.,es ^ir,;:::;, ^^^1: e^Tu- ''^ ^"^ '^v'-- ^— i renUorce .S.:l.ny,er and when th. f , ^^ "•'^'""Kf"" 1^"'" I'^eksk,,,. to amounte., to only f, , , • , ,f ""'" "'r'''^ ^"■-•-' "" "-' M-h of J„lv ,t -""i^ strength ,,■ , n t r ,:" Z^T Tr' ^° '"" ^='^"^-' ^'"">'-- ■-.-^ ^^\%^ V] <^ /} ^l. VI s o 7i /^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I \^ Ilia IIM 2.0 1.25 14 IIIIII.6 /. // S iV ^l. <> \ ■^y\^ t^ 1^^ BBS vV f n ! I I 186 A iioncim.i) OF WAsmsdTON ness, distress and ilesertioii prevailctl. The enemy whose triumphal progress lie had to check amounted to upwards of six thousand regular troops, with the best equipments in arms and artillery. Fort George was abandoneil on tiie 14111 of July, for it was utterly indefensible, being only part of an unfinished bastion holding one hundred and fifty men. On the 24th of July, Schuyler retired with his army to More's creek, four miles below Fort Edward, as tlie latter was oiil) a heap of ruins and always commanded by the neighboring hills, 'i'he enemy kejjt pressing upon liis advanced posts, but in the midst of im])arallele(l difficulties, his retreat was slow and safe, and every inch of ground disputed. The distress of the army in want of artillery, and every other military and comfortable ecpiip- uient, was aggravated by despondency and sickness, and the restlessness and insubordination of the militia. They could not be detained. Almost all the eastern militia had left the army. J!y the advice of a Council of general officers, Schuyler was obliged to let one-half of the militia go home under a promise of the residue to ciintiuue for three weeks. Though the subject of popular calumny, lie did not in the least despond or shrink from his duty. ' 1 shall go (jii,' he writes to General Washington, ' in doing my duty, and in en- deavors to deserve your esteem.' lie renewed his call on the eastern states for assistance, and toUl his triend, Ciovernor Trumbull of Connecticut, (whom he always mentioned with the highest esteem and between wlumi a mutual confi- dence and attachment had invariably subsisted) that 'if the eastern militia did not turn out with spirit, and behave better, we sliouM be ruined.' The greatest reliance was placed on the efforts of his own immediate countrymen, and his most pathetic and eloquent apjieals were made to the Conn, of Safety of the Slate of New \'ork, for succor to enable him to meet the enemy in the field. By the beginning of August he was preparing to act on the offensive, aiul by his orders of the 30th of July and the i^^lli of .August, Oeneral Lincoln was di- rected to move with a body (jf troops under Cieneral Stark and Colonel Warner, who had orders to join him ; and if he should have force enough, to fall on the enemy in that quarter. .\s ISiirgoyne advanced tlown the Hudson, there was constant skirmishing at the advanced posts, and Cieneral Schuyler retreated slowly, and in good ortler down to Saratoga, and then to and below Stillwater, and in every instance by the unanimous advice of his officers. "During this eventful period, the western branch of Schuyler's military dis- trict was in the utmost consternation and peril. The army under St. I.eger had besieged Fort Schuyler, and deneral Herkimer, with eight hundred of the fron- tier militia, marching to the relief of the fortress, was attacked by a (lrta( hmeiit of the enemy, under Sir John Johnson, and defeated at Oriskau), on the 6ih of August. On the i6tli, (Jeneral Schuyler dispatched Arnolil with three regi- ments, amounting in the whole only to five hundred and fifty men, to take ( h.nge of the military operations on the Mohawk. "Congress by their resolution of the lyih of July, 1777, ai)i)roved all the acts of General Schuyler in reference to the army at Ticoiideroga ; but the evaluation of that fortress e.\c iled gre.it discontent in the United Slates and I'/: I! ion i77';~77T7 187 m •I G neral Sclu.yler did not escape l,is share of ti,e pcpulnr clamor, and he was n»de a v,c,m to appease it. It was deemed expedient to recall the general ottrcers „ the northern arn,v. and. in the month of August, he was supLded n lie command of that department by the arrival of Ceneral Cates The lat.rels which he was in preparation to win by his judicious and a letter to Washington, that they were satisfied their suspicions respecting General S, luiyler were wholly groundless. ' We sincerely hope ' added they, ' his name may be handed down, with immortal honor, to the latest posterity as one of the great pillars of the American cause ' " Daniel Webster writes: -I was brought up with New England prejudices against h.m, hut I consider him as second only lo Washington i.i the services he rendere,! to the country in the war of the revolution. His zeal and devotion lo the cause under difficulties which would have paialy/ed the efforts of most men and his fortitude and courage when assailed by malicious attacks u,,on his public and private character, everyone of which was proved to be fal.se, have impressed me with a strong desire to express publicly nn .sense of his great qualities " I he following letters have never before appeared in [.rint ' .SiK : " .SAKAriH;A, \ov. iSlli, 1774. 20 1 n,ul.s, and 2 hands .o.l „a,k I would lutvo you U,y ,l,c,n f,„„, lU-n, v Wliiio, K., . if ,,e " I wi^h ypu a good p;isvij;o and am .Sir "your most ( ibc't .Servant " I'll. ,S( 111 VI ER ' To ' lAlT. Ph. \aN RlCNsSiaAKK. " I)i;au Sir ; " Ai.nANV, Marcli 15111, 1778. „.,,„ ■■ ' '"''":;■ '•"" " ''•»"■ ^"' ^■""R'-^«' ""'•^■r flyinR s.al. If vou approve of .vl,a( I 1, ,ve .1 I rl,n, ' °""">'- ' •"■''•''l'" "" I--"!'''''!'''''! to Niagara may l,e a Se u it^M^" r .T'Tr.r'""' " -"''". can,.! into K.eculion „,.■ Indians v,d C ve us htt e troublc-Ahho- I am fully determined not ,0 remain in the .\rmv I w, 1 m ^ir'. "■ '«'^ '"■'• ^"' "'^ --'-- i" •">• P-vn- .0 procure w„atev Z m ^ ! saiy for an Kn.erprise against Niagara if Congress should resolve upon it.or any ot e S ."e \ I I! I i !; 10(1 .1 ( iiii.i) OF n.isjii.xarox M l> l.n '\ ; F I i I 1 lan ilo my Couiilry as a privalo (ii'iUUiiian, willidiil fic or any dllicr reward tlian llic salis- failinii I sluill ni'iivi' from ^L■rvlll^; my ( oiiiitry. I rilluct witli pleasure llial I am laij^i'ly My llcar Sir in your ilelil lor a varirly of frjrnilly ollice-., I wish lo lie slill more so, lor I lielieM- I am imapalilc of s ami to some of your friends, Mend)ers tlieri'of, and to present with the feelinf.s oi a liiend the distri-ss of my Situa tiun and to summon tlieu' to a speedy delerminalion in rejjanl to mc'. I have reieivid a very olilit;in^; letter hum (ieii'l. j'ar^ous sinee my reluin lrl A.SE, IC.sl.i." " S.\l(Aliii..\, Ikeeiiiher I91I1, 177S. " Mv III Al< Sill : " Aieept 111.- Waiiiii s| ai know led(;eiiieiils of ,1 uraliliil heart loi ilie fjieal 1 11 si a nee you have };iveii me o( your liiendsiiip and attention. \\ illiout your intervention I should prolialily have experieneed many more aiivious days in addition lo those I have ( lulured lielore the delei mi- ll. iliiui of Coii^'iess had taken plaee. Mueh as 1 have siifleied hmn the Inlemperale I'rcju- dues ■■( my louiitiynien, my allec lion for my eounliy remains unimpaired and I shall never iiefdi el all opporlunily of Servin^; her, lull il niiisl he in a piivate .Sl.iiion. I have siillered so 111111 h ill piiMie life that iirudeiue loihids Ih.it 1 should iid> iiiv self any lon);ei 111 III. it tenipe-tii- ous ( leeaii v\lieie' I liave e\pi-iieneed sm h dieaillul Sloiiiis. I then lore 1 y dus i onvevaiiie send my resijjiiation to ('oiij;iess .'iiid think thai when you loiisider how Utile your friend has to expeel of nidiilL;eiiee fioiii (he | ulilie, that joti will not he opposed to my reipiesl ol leave lo leliie. Vou oU).;lil not, if I had no other reason l>iil the one I have assigned lo (oiifness — In- jei I nn);lil elaini Ihe attention of ( 'nii^res-, — I mean — the Kediulionof Niagara. N'oii, who aie so well aei|uaiiited with the eounlry, know of how very (.neat iinporlaiiee transport would he to us, and I lliink if speedy preparations r.re made to suppoil and eonvey an army of Seven or Ki(;lit thousand men that fortress would he ours in ihe nionih ol July; li.df that numlier of troops will he w.iiiled h.iiely to sei ure the Iroiiliers of this Sl.ile and I'emisv Iv.inia. The expense 1 I'lmioli /77'. 1777 1!)1 lhcri'f(in',mi):lit iimI i., ilii.r n-, fr.im ilu' .iiuinil. I ll.illi'i myself I o;m lu' of some Soiviie liy my .Klvicr, ami if ( m^'jiss ■-ImiuIcI I'niri into -.iic li ;i imMMiic y.leeni and I'"rii'ndslii|i, " Voui inijA ( lliedl, .V lliniilile Siiv;inl " I'll. Si Ml VI KK. " 'I'll lliiN. Iami;s ItrANl., Kmj." s( iii\ i,i;rs coi MRS Ki;sii)i:\ci': />.'ir//i;/ ill I~7~ l'\ cii/cr of (iciiiiiil /■!iir.;iiij;iiyiie gave a i:liaiii|)aj;iie (liniicr to liis frientls (luring liis retreat, and wliic li sliorllv after his sohliers set on (he by his orders. It was lierc thai the armies forded I'ish creek in all their crossings ani)e. Ilehadabvays the command of a great number of those wiirkmen wluj were employed in public buddings, etc. 'i'hey were always in constant pay; it being neeessary to engage ihem in that manner ; and were, from the change of seasons, the shutting of llir ice, and other circumstances, months unemployed. All these seasons, when public business was interrupted, tiie workmen were occupied in constructing scpiares of buildings in the nature of barracks, for the purpose of lodging artisans and laborers of all kinds. Having previously obtained a large tract of very fertile lands from the crown, on whicli he built a hpac ious and convenient house, he constructed those barracks at a -r, 103 I "MvnF.AH. ■„,.,.. "SARATO,:A,nec.mhe,-3,l.,787. " ' '■-'«" '" y'Hir c:,re. and for your sole emolument a place on wl.ieh I have for a lonj- sene. of yea,, he.s,o«ed n.uch care a,„l a„en.,on, and I confess I .l.ould part fron. i vnh many a severe pang di.l I „oi resign it to my cliiki tnLL'io n^"^ "T"^;^ °' "T '"'"'"' -^--'-ation. I, i, natural, however. n,r a a,uH to he sol.c, ous (or the weal of a child who is now to be guided l,y, and in . ..eat measure to rely on his o« n judgment and prudence. ^ "Happiness ought to he the nin, and end of the exertions of every ration,-,! creature an.l ^ -mtual happ.ness should take the lea,l. in tact ten.poral ,,app,ne,s without the fo, e, 's n really ex.st except in name. The (irst can only he ohta.ned by an in.provenen ,h acuh.es of the mind which .he henelicent author of Creation hL ma.le al n J , of, hy a conscious d.scha.ge of ,|,o,. .,,,,„ .u„i,, enjoine.l on us hy (iod. or .ho e whom e has ..u.lu,r,.ed to pronudga.e His Holy Will. I,et the rule of you conduct the, h h , re K o::;::: u"" ,'""■ '"', r :'"' ' """^ -'■•^ "■•'■-• y--^ -^ r,."^:t ;:;;,:: rfai , 'u 1 ""■; ' , '"'"; ■""' '' '"""'"•■'■' "'^^■'^■■'^"- "^"-' --^' 'l"<- will he the ct .a n „,ul , and an ,., e,„al sa.sfao.ion th.nt no ...nporal calamuies can ever deprive you of -lie nuhdgent my chdd to your infe,io,-s. affable and cour.eous to your e,,ual respec"fu 1 not cn„g,ng ., your superiors, whether they are so hy superior n,en.a, abili.ie! onh !:! ^^ ! sar\ (liMinctions which socie.y has es.ahlished foi^U^y^^ll'Ur !"'"";"' "'"^""^ ■' '^'"'''^l->-'''y—ry that you should af tilings o( li.ilc in,|.ortance and the account will close arainst von \VI„.,-,... :i:ri:i? z- '" ;t;!; :: r Hr-F™ r '?- - "• - pr.«„. i„ ,„„,r„„ v„ , .„.,,, V, ,„,;;' ° ■;■""""•'>■;""" <"'"■•:•»"■ ifii,, 1 .1 ■., ■ 'H-\ii (ii,(o\ei a (lispoM.ioii Id necl pence or wtsi... ^.;ey do. they wd. surely .dlow you in i,. .,d your aOairs will ,.o. sltl^i::;^;,:;:::;,: " In every community there arc wretches who wn.rh the d,.,,,. i.l „ r &c.: ^r* ' ''"■' ""^'"'""^- ' °-- »" ""•■ f-"'i"S "-'-K I---1.01.1 furniture. th^y 'nuLrr,::!:;; dir::, w"" "' '"^Ti^ ^^ "'"'"^ - "-^ '''^"'^'^-^ ^'^ "^'" •■ -"• your faunlv and to ti . o , ' ' """ 'T '"''' ''^' """^■^^^'y •"'"■ "^ ^"''-'-"■<- "^ after De.ai'l. ' "' -'"" '"•'>' ''•""■ "''''^"" "> -'■I'l'-y. This I shall here- cheapest terms'! ll!:^;:;!,;:" '"" ^"'""'"'■'^ """ ''"'"'^- ^^ '^ ""' ^--" "" ^"^ l^"' -^ I ! ' 1!)4 A aoDciiii.i) or UAsiiL\N " I regret very much tli.il it i^ not in my powir In give you sciiiie iiidiuy. I sliall leave you some ilelils Ki Collect wliieli you may a|i|)riJ|iri,ile tu your own u^e. " Alllu>' liir reasons wliicli |iruilencc ilictates 1 shall now not ^;ive yini a deed fur an) part of my estate, yet you oiit;lit to know, what of this farm 1 intend for you, and which I shall im- mediately make you hy Will ; it is all on the South Side of the lishkill and as far doH ii as {.'ol. V.in Vechlens, and as far West as to Inclose Marshall's \ C'olvert's farms. " Hesnles a just proportion of all my other Kslales, hut all the tenants now residinj; on the farm either on the South oi Nortli side of the (.'reek are to pay their rents to me and Preserve the riyhl of settlinj^ people on the west side of the road and to the north of the l.itlle Creek which runs hy Kiliaen Winne's, the blacksmith. l"or altlio' you will have the occupancy of all the rest of the farm on holh sides of the Creek, yet that on the north side of the t jcek I intend for one of your llrothers. " Should you die hefore me, which I most sincerely pray nuiy not happen, y(jur children if God blesses you with any will have this (arm and such share ol my other Instates as I intend for you ; and shouhl you die before me and w itliout children your wife who is also my child will be provided for by me. In short it is my intention to leave you without any excuse if you fail in proper exertions to improve the property intrusted to you ; and it is with that view that I so fully iletail my intentions, and Clive you this written teilimony of them, and that iii> un- worthy conduct may imluce me to change my intentions is my hope and my anxious w ish, and 1 have the pleasure to assure you that 1 believe when once the heat of youth is a little abated, I shall enjoy the satisfaction of seeing you what 1 most ardently wish you to be a (iood man and an honor to your family. " I must however not omit lo inform you that the Income of all my estate exccjit what you and Your Hrothers and Sisters may actually occupy at my decease will be enjoyed by your dear Mama ; she merits this attention in a most eminent degree, and I shall even give her a power to change my Disposition of that )iart of my estate the income of which she will enjoy, sliould un- happily the conduct of my Children be such as lo render it necessary ; but I trust they are and will be so deeply impressed with a Sense of the inlinile obligations they are under to her as not lo give her a moment's uneasiness. " I must once more recommend lo you as a mailer of indis|)ensable importance lo l.ove, to honor, and faithfully and without guile to serve that Kternal, incomprehensible, beiu liceiit, and (iracious lieing by whose will you exist, and so ensure hapjiiness in this life and in llial to come. And now my dear Child, I commit you and my Daughter and all your concerns lo his (iracious and (Iood (luidance; and Sincerely inlreat ilini to enable you to be a comfort to your parents and a |)roleclor lo your Hrothers and Sisters ; an honor lo your family, and a good citi/en. .Vccejit of my lUessing and be assured that I am ynur affectionate father. " I'll. ScllUVI.KR. "To JciiiN I!. S( 111 vil-.K, ICbg." (John lliailsircet Stliiiylcr married in 1787, Elizabeth ^'an Rensselaer, (laughter of the secoiul Stepiieii \'an Rensselaer, the I'atrooii, and Catherine Livingston, daughter of I'hilii) Livingston, signer of the Declaration of Inde- pendence.) I TIIF. SARATor.A MONI'IMKNT Half a mile distant from the old mansion — on the opptjsite side of the Hud- son — a massive shaft towers above the surrender ground. It was erected by the Saratoga Monument Association to commemorate the victory. On October 1 7th, ' '>" ■ SARATOGA MONUMENT. '^^mmmmmmmmm I'KUron 17711-1777 107 I M 1877, ilic oi.chiiiulrecllli anniversary of the si>rremlcr. the cornt-r stone of this splciKiKi monument uas laid will, imposing ceremonies. It is of rotkl.ted granite, one lunuire.l and fifty-four feet in height, forlv feel s,|uare at ihe base ;in obelisk in lorm, of (lothi.; construction, and the suninnt is accessible thr.nij h the interior. In the base there is a room fourteen leel square ; a bron/e sfiir- way lea.is to a second and third ll^.or and thence to the t..i., where there n- windows on each s„le, commanding for miles a view of the country and the Hudson. Over the entrances, gables rise to a height of forty two feet, and at each corner of the monument, at a height of about twenty feet has been placed a gianite eagle with half-fohled wings, measuring nearly .seven fee, across tlie back. .At the second floor there is a niche on each u( the tour sides 1„ the niches on ,|„ee si.les are bron/e statues of General Philip Schuyler, C.neral Ibnie Morgan, and General Horatio Gates. The statues of G.Ues an.l .Schuyler .ne equestrian; that of Morgan represents him as being attired in ..ar- ments ot buckskin, backwoods pattern, sitting on a che.st and holding a '^un near the muz/.le with the stock resting <,n the grotmd. The fourth niche w i.h the name - .Arnold underiiealh, is unoccupied. ■l-he two prominent speakers on the occasion of the .le.lication were the Hon- orable Horatio .SVymour, aiul the Honorable George U illiam Curtis. In his able a.l.lu.s Mr. .Sevmour said : •• When we rea.l the story of the event wliich ve now celelinue-whether it is told by friend or foe, there is one figure which rises above all others, upon whose conduct we love to dwell. There ]s one who WO" a triumph that never grows dim. One who gave an example of patie t patriotism, unsurpas.sed in tlie pages of history. (.„e who did no , even u d cu ting wrongs and cruel suspicions, wear an air of martyrdom, bn whh ' ful alacrity served where he shonhl have commanded "It was a glorious spirit of chivalrous c<,ur,esy with which Schuyler met and nn,.,e.e to . lose who had not only been his enemies in arms, but^-ho S. ' ted up n h„n niuisual injuries, unwarranted by ,he laws of war. lint there : chT ;:? r;: t' ■" '^ "^^'^'^ '^^ "'^ ^"■""'■•>' ^"- -^" "- "- spM t of s ctional prejudice which the liri.ish cabinet relied upon to prevent -nlial cooperation among the Colonies, had been exhibited agais -a ■ay most galling to a pure patriot and a brave soldier. 1!,,,, f, ,., . , „ -n to his country's cause, he uttere.l no murmur of complain ; nor if ^ iZ::' rr: ' > '"^ :""" t^^' '- ''-'-'■ '^'"'^ «"- -•>^^-'' ^-^ ntugueis and to honest preju.bces did much to discomfort the one -md teach I e other the injustice of their suspicions and the nnworthmess of s ti 1 p l.ces. Ihe strength of this rebuke sometimes irritates writer ca not nse above local prejudices ; an.l they try to lessen the public sense of his 1 u^3S 'r ""f ' ''1' " '' ""^"^'"""" -'tigation.!;;'.':, tl e ^el iict of men, honore.l by their country, were proved to be nnO.unded regard to men of their own day. and affairs with which they were familiar, can- ip ^^ r-f I liW A (ionrini.n or u\tsiii.\i;T<)X not be shaken by those who seek to revive exploileil seanil.ils ami unfomided sus- picions. 'I'lie cliarai'ter of ('leneral Scluiyler j^kiws blighter in piiliiic legartl. The injustice done hir.i by liis removal iVom tunnnand, at a ti...c when his zeal and ability had placed victory ahnnst within his reacli, is not perhaps to be re- gretteil. We could nut well lose iVum our history his example of patriotism and ot" jjcrsonal honor and chivalry. \Ve could not spare the proof which his case fiuiiishes, that virtue triumi)lis in the end. We would not change, if we could, the hihioryof liis trials. For we lecl that in the end they gave lustre to his character, and we are forceil to say of General Schuyler, tluit while he had been greatly wronged, he had never been injmed." Mr. Curtis in his eloi|uent addrei.s said : " So soon was the s|ilenilid promise of 'I'iconderoga darkeneil. The high and haughty tone was changed. ' 1 yet do not despond,' wrote Uurgoyne on the 30th of August, and he had not heard of St. Leger's fate. But he had reason to fear. The glad light of Hennington and Oriskany had pierced the gloom that weighed upon the country. It was everywhere jubilant and everywhere rising. The savages deserted the I'-rilish cunp. Tlie harvest was g.uhered, and while New I'jigland antl New \oik h.ad f.dlen fatally u\)o\\ the tl.inks of liurgoyne, Washington sent \'irginia to join New York and New iMigland, in his front, detai hing from his own army, Mor- g.m and his men, the most f.unoiis rille corps of the Revolution. Hut while the prospect brightened. General Schuyler, by order of Congress, was superseded by General Gates. Schuyler, a most sagacious and diligent otiicer whom Wash- ington wholly trusted, was removed for the alleged want of his most olivious quality, the faculty of cominehensive organization. But the New England militia dis'iked him; and even Samuel Adams was im])atient of him ; but S.imuel Ailanis was impatient of Washington. I'ublic irritation with the situa- tion, and je.dous intrigue in camp and in Congress, prociu'ed Siluiyler's removal, lie was woundrd. to the hcirt, but his jiatriotism did not waver. He remained in canii), to bv. of what service he coidd, and he entreated Congress to order a speedy and scan hing impiiry into his cimdiu t. It was at last made, and left him absolutely unstained. lie was unanimously a((iiiilted with the highest honor, and Congress approved the vcdict. General Schuyler did not again enter upon ac tive military service, but he and Rutus King were the lust senators that New York sent to the Senate of the United Slates. 'I'ime has restored his f.inie, and the history of this state recorUIN Ar Al.llANY A Riiic in In ban. I he mark to-day is plainly noticeable, being about three inches '-'g and an inch in depth. ,t is on the outer edge of the bal , t "v -vesu the very a.ot of the stairs towan. the re' of the bmC ^ ■ Lg i .^e , : a hm; 1 ! ""' '""'"«• ' "■'^'^ ''^'^ ''^ '"'^ "^ "t^tohUttry ntore than a hundred years ago, .n the handwriting of Catherine Van ^im ■^^ *1 ili 20-J .1 coin-iiu.n or u'.isiiiM.ro.x Rensselaer Schuyler, the godchikl of Washiiigtmi, :iiul the infant rescued by her iiitrepiil sister. "It is well known tliat in the year 1 781 , the British en- deavored to possess themselves of several leading characters in the State of New York by decoying them into anilmsh, or 1>) capturing them by violence. A party of Tories, Canadians, and Indians, had for eight or ten tlays been se protect the cpiaint Dutch town Iron, invasion. The natrow s^ee are „|,ed w.th English officers and men, together with the sturdy^Zi , ^ y.ng the a..nu,at,on of h. career, under Hraddock in the South. 2Z^ ....Je^;7::ir;;-i;ri;-^ r tes I, t ,"'■';■' "' '^ " '-nquerors. with the .American orces . nde w: V uind'n ■"■''• "^"•"^ "■■'"«"•■ """•'^-•' "•- "- ^■■t"- er , -my snrren.lered; Clinton hastily retreating down the r Id hunself eating his dinner in Albany sotne weeks betore Chris, r ZX "' '"" ^'^ ' '^'-'^""^^ -'' - ^' «-- at the table of «.,:;:! once partit,on:d .^rUriTuieiuinirT; Z:!:;;:::::^^) a more ghostly place than the old attic with its do,:m:;':m;ir'::," il^ f ^ WW I :'ll 204 A nuDcim.i) OF n.isiuMrrox nooks and craniiifs, would be li.ud to iniatjiiie. In llie cellar are several small windows set deep into llie walls like the [lurlholes of a ship; but the acciinuila- tions of a,i;es have in a great measure spoiled their useliihiess. lloth wilhoi.t and within they are protei ted by iron bars, embedded in the masonry and covered deep with rust. The place is so full of dark ciirners and passages that a person might easily lose his way tlure wiiluuit a giiiile. In the centre of the cellar is a curious (h'set, large enough for three men to stand ujjright in. The sides and back are of brick, as is ;ilso the arched roof; tlie heavy wooden door lias an enormous lc'(k and key, the h ck being made from a single bh ck of wood fastened to the inside of the door, and it apparentl\' works as well to-day as wiien fust coiistnicteil. 'i'liere is a tradition of an iindergroimd |i;issage to the river, and that a stairway had descended to it fnuii the tloor of tins invsterious space, but the closet was so filled with rubbish lli;it this su]ii)osition could not be verified. " One of the great attractions of the liotise," sa\s Proctor, '• was a s])lendid and well-selected library. When, in 1784311(1 1785, Ccloiiel Aaron li\irr was a member of the Legislature at Albany, he was generously tendered tlie use uf this library by General Schuyler. Here Hiirr spent much of his time ; here he pre- pared many of those legislative aiul other ilocunieiits, so replete with elegance of expressicui and profinidity of reasoning. In those davs the .Aceldama of pol- itics had not aroused that bitter enmity between him anil a member of Schuy- ler's family — Hamilton — which culminated in the bloody traged)- (jii the heights of Weehawken." The grounds were laid out in all the elaborate art of French lainlscape garden- ing, with here and there parterres, nicely lawned. Many of the old ornamental and fruit trees are still standing. One lovely autumn day just before Burgoyiie let't .Mbany, he was strolling in these grounds along the river bank with .Margarita Schuyler, who was ihen but seventeen years of age. ])uriiig their ( onvers.uiuii he asked her what he slu.uld send her from England. She — being very shy — did not answer, but ke[it her eyes fi.xed on the grounil. Among the ])resents that he sent to the family from the "other side" was a pair of diamond shoe buckles for Margaret. One of these is in the author's possession. Other guests from the vaiuiuislied .iriuy wore (General Reidcsel, liis wife and children, and Lady Harriet .Ackl.ind. Cieneral, the liaron Reidesel, commanded that miscellaneous body of men called Hessians ; mercenary troops furnished by sm.dl German provinces to assist the Hritish in crushing her rebellious subjects. " George 111. had first applied to the I'.inpress of Russia, — Catherine \\. — wlum he was disposed to regard as a half barbarian sovereign of a barbarous nation, for the loan of her soldiers. Her ministers expected a ready comiiliaiice, for could not Hritisli gold purchase anything? Gibbon, the historian, wrcte to a friend in October, 1775 : ' When the Russians arrive, will you go and see their camp? We have great hojies of getting a body of these barbarians; the minis- ters daily and hourly expect to hear that the business is concluded ; the worst TiiK scitryi.i:i: massiox at M.r..wy .i^^:, of it is the Baltic will soon Le fio/.en up, and it must b. lale next year before they can get to America.' IJ„t Catherine sent a flat refusal to enter into such netanous busniess, half barbarian as the JJritish king thought her to be The. king was compelled to I>ocket his wrath, which he did with ercenar.es (men only lighting for pay ) they were particularly .letested by the Ameri, ans '• -Ml Europe cried. • Shame ! ' and Fre.ierick the Creat of 1-russia took every occasion to express his contempt for the scaiulalous man traftic." The liarones.s' Reidese! "ho w,;h her children and nurses, accompanied Burgoyne's annv, had endured terrible hardships, as well as great anxiety for her husl.an.l's .safetv. writes in her J.nmu.i: "Alter the surren.ler, my husban.l sent a message to me 'to con.e to him with my children. I seated myself once more in u>y dear caleche, an.l then rode HPP n 'Mli A aoixilli.n OF u.i.suixarox tliriiii,L;li the Aiiu-iiiwii caiiii>. As I p.isscd on I (ilisi'ivod, ;in(l iliis was a f;reat consul. aii)ii lo iiic, tliat no one I'vcil nic with looks of icsiMitnicnt, bnt tiny all i;i('i'tf(l lis, .mil fM'ii sliowfcl ( (iniii.ission in tlnir ( iJiintcii.iiu cs .it the si,L;hl ol a woman wiili small ihiUliiMi. 1 w.is, 1 < onliss, afraid to go over to the fiit niv, as il W.IS qiiili- a new situation to mi'. When 1 drew near ihi' tents a handsoinf 111. Ill aiipioai'lied .mil nut me ; took my i liildieii from the calei he, and liii,uj;ed and kiss<(l them, wiiii li a ffe( ted me almost to tears. ' \du tniiilile,' s.iid he, ad- dressiiiL; himself to me; 'be not afraid.' 'No,' I .insweicd, 'yon seem .so kind .iiid li'iider to mv children II inspires me Willi ( ouraj^e ' III' now led me lo the tent of (leneral Ciates, where 1 toiiiid Ciiiierals Hiirgoyne .iiid I'liillips who were on a frieiully luoliiiy with the tormer. Hmgoyiie saiil lo me, ' Never w. I li IJ ' 1 GKN. HKIDKSRL. mind; your smitows h.ive now an end!' 1 .inswern! iiim that I should he as re|irelieiisilile lo have any cares ,is lie h.id none, and I w.i^i ple.ised to see him on such friendly looting with (leiier.d (l.iles. 'riie same nenllem.m who received lue so kiiully now came and said to me, • \ Hii will he very niiu h emharrassed to dine with all these gentlemen ; come with your children loimlenl, where I will pie|i.iie liir )dii a iViigal dinner, and give il with a free will.' 1 said, ' \'oii are certainly a husband and ;i father, you have shown me so much kindness.' I now found that he was Ceneral Schuyler. lie lieited me with excellent smoked tongue, beefsteaks, potatoes, and good bread and butler! Never could I wisli w nil-: sfiiiyi.i:i; .v.txs/ox at .M.it.ixr .j,,^ to eat a W-Uer dun,., ; I was ...ntent ; I saw all arou,„l „,e unc so l,knv,se • -; • " ;^" -s iKUc. ,|,„n all, n,y husha.ul was .„„ oi .lang.r. Who, w. ha.i n .1 . ..I.I >,,.■ Ins ...sulcM, .. w.s a, A1Im.,j . an.l >ha, (u-neral liu.g..y,K- m- e .... .. lu„„ ,■ hn„ as h.s gucs, an.l invue.l n.jscir a.ul . Inl.hn, ... .1. li-wsc. .^skcl „y hushan.l how 1 shoul.l a.-, ; l,c ...1.1 ,„c >o a. ..,„ .hc ,nvi,a,ion. As -,s ,wo .lays jou.nc, ,1,.,.. he a.lv.sed n.e to «o to a ,,la. . wl„. 1, was al.nt h.. • hours ,,... u,s,an,. S,„nc .lays alter this we arrival at Albany, whnv w ■ - o^un -"<^'' --'v- . 1.... ;ve .1,.. not enter it as we ex,e....| :; 1 Z not as en.nas h,a as knul .r.en.ls ; an.i th.-y .rea.e.l us w..h ,l,e n.ost i a. tenfon an.l poluencss, as they ,„.. Ceneral linrgoyne who ha.l cause.l ! . Schnyler s Leant, nlly Inrn.she.l honse ,o be Innne.l. J„ f.,,. they behave -M.ns of exal,e.l nnn.ls. who .l..ern„ne.l ,o bnry all reeolleU.on of tl^ ' vn J..-S n. ,he •■on.en.plauon of onr n.,s,or,nnes.- Not long alter ,h "' «cllfnHshe.l n.ans>on ran np ,o her n.other, an.l with all the si npluMv of youthfn .nnocenee ,n.,,nre.l in Cern.an, ■ Mother, is this the palaee fa. s 1 ve when he can,e to Anreriea P' The b.nslnng baroness s.Lbly s,le e " .1. I e eennng ,nes„on wineh was aske.l ,n the presence of one o, Cen ;::,;.",Sr;"''''^''^^"'"'"'''^^^^'""'^ •-.Klers,oo.l,waswe.,eah.„la;;;, "ll was C.lonel Vari.k.one .,f Oeneral Sehnvler's ■n.les"s,>. P , ;::;:;;.;:.:;:::";;:;;:;;;!;:;;::^'r";i'- -™v™''"" ■-'--•>';- r::;,:r:;:;:J:;^;t:;:-;:;:;::;:;::-;,:;;t- -':'-"» ".;::'^ir:r::;-'':r;"; /^- "--■"-" :-":'::;; .li.i. NVw V,,,r,",„,r V ,'■,:'" ■ ''""■ "">"'«"'"■ "■■"li.-.l All,.,,,,. 808 A (KHHIIU.I) or W.iStUSdTOS RICinRP \-.\RICK l.ii'iitfthiiit-Coloiii'l diiJ Drf'itty Miistrr Mcistrr Hi'nniit " li.irii on tlic J51I1 of March, 175,5. Oit-'d 011 tl)e _5otli of July, 1831. "Al llie lime of his birth liis parents were living at Ha( kensatk, N. J. Wlicn tlie Kfvolutilci ing "' .\i f.i>t as tlicy are I'litLML'il rctiiiii tlicin to 111c liy llic weekly 111. ul; fur we liave occasion for fre'|\Hiit references — do tile same thing willi tlie I'lihlic Letter-. " ' .\s llie letter-, wliicli are liandeil to yon now, contain -entiinen;- ii|»in iindeciiled points, it is, more tlian ever, necessary tliat there should bo the strictest gnard over tiiem, and the most perfect silence in resiHct to their coiilonls. — Mr. Tayler's prudence will, T persuade myself, in- duce him to ]iay particular attention to liolh. '• ' I am Dr. Sir \ r. mo-t olied. Servl. " • ( ■!>, \\ AsiiiNirroN,' '"M'ifNI \'ikNo\, January olli. 17.S4. "'r)l-:..VR Sir — From the moment I left the City of \ew \'ork until my arrival at this place, 1 have liecn so much occupied liy a variety of concerns, thai I could not lind a moment's leisure to acknowledge the receipt of your favors of tlie 41I1 and 71!; ullinio. "'The public and other Papers which were eommilted to your cliaryc, aiul the liooks in which they have been recorded under your inspection, having come >afe to liaml, T take this first opportunity of signifying my entire approl)ation of the manner in which yon have executed the important (hities of recordiiiK Secretary; and the satisfaction I feel in having my papers so properly arranged, \ so correctly recordeil — and I beg yon \\ ill accept my thanks for the -M.; n I B h I mm^mmmmmm r»"»'x.'-^^».».»^^;^_^> ■ UIVIIAHI) IMHiK 311 c.rc an.l a,.e„ho„ uhich y.,u l,avc «iven u. ,hi, I„m„..._, .„„ f„,|y .„„vi„co.l .ha. noi.her he ,.rocm a«e M.,r , cr,.y „,ll c Ic- .|,e „„,c .nM l.,l,„u. «hul, l,,.s Ihc, c oycl „ accomplishing ji, uiiprdlLahly s|kii| ' ' " •" I ,„:.y ynu will 1„. ,,nsu,uU.,l .ha. I ,l,all ,al reet. 1 he young soldier and his orderly innnediately mo.mted their horses evidently held a rank that placed him near the Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, create.l nn.ch interest in the city. < Who is he and what can e h,s ,„„,s, n, Albany?- .ere „„estions that went unanswered from ma" nqmrers. here was in his bearing much that increased the interest his appear nee reated. t e.xh.bue.l a natural, yet unassuming superiority ; h,s te tures hough not handsotne. gave evulence of thought, intelle.'ual str n,th and : . ,:; ,T"^ ' ■f--lK.nsive forehead, a nose of the Greaan mould a plued the contour of a face never to be forgotten. The elegant horse he rode r:tr;;:r'^'r '^'^'^ ''- ""''''' "^ ""^"•"-'" ^'^"- -> ^^' .-^ Tsa le ih "'°T °' ' "'""'"' '-■"^'■•'^'"•' ''"'"^ >■""■'« -"'•- -^ ■•■> orse. H.. hgure of the m.ddling height, strongly f,,„ned and n.,scular gave appearance of strength and activity. U'e have been son.ewluU par.iad^m o 1 s r,puon o, the young officer, for we have thus presented , . the 1 Ale.xander Hamtlton. He soon arrivet:n iiamii.tox 219 laiule.! in Boston in October. ,773, wlu-n he was liCeen ye.is of age. He „ro- cee,le, to Nevv \o,k and soon enlerc.l a s, hool at Kli/.abethtoun, wi.ere l,e re- n,,.,ne. about a year, preparing i,imself lor college, and in the winter of . 774 entered kings, now Coiiirniiia College. •' Hefore he could complete h,s Collegiate course the troubles preceding the Revolutu.n began, and though only seventeen years of age. he look an active part on the si.le of the opposition to the Crown bv pamphlets and speeches to prepare the Colonies for open an.l arn,ed res.stan.e. He began by stu.lv and drdl to qnabty hnnself as a soldier for the conlhct, an.l on the ,st of March 1776, he was appon.led Capian, of a New Vork Company ui Provincial \r.,l' ery In con.,naud of this con,pany he took part in the battles of Long Island ^\ hite 1 kuns i renton. I-nnceton. and the crossing of the Raritan, unt.l .March ist, .777, when he accepted the position of I.ieutenant-Colonel and Aide-cie- camp on the staff of (ieneral Washington. He served in that capacty unt I tl.e month of February. :78r, w!,en he resignet! the position ' > " '■ n:s connection with the Arn.y of the Revolution was not . losed however as he retanjed h,s conmiission, an.l at the head of a regiment of light infantry' wuh h,s o,,l ,r,end Nicholas F,sh as Major, carried at the point o.'the ba onll October' ;:;V"""""' "" ^'' '" '"""' "'"''"^ " '■'"■'''"•"• "" "'^' '-^'l' "f "The surrender of Cornwallis virtually ended the tnihtary .struggle and Colonel Hamdton. when all chance of further conHict was over, res g', d , is commission an.l commenced the practice .,f Inv en.l. In i,,;8 when the c.ui.luct of France dr.ne the Unite.l States to the verge o hostiluy. both by sea and land, a large army was a.ith..riedw. A\nsh,iigton as General-in-Chief. .As one of his coiulitions. Mr. Hamilt. n w ap,.on,te,l second ,n command as Inspecor-Ceneral ; another of \Va^, ! . ' condit,.,ns being that be shoul.l not take o,n,maiul pers.uuillv nin.l , C -s called int., the liehl. Upon General Hamilton fell the mani .luty a. laZ ;-r o.-ganuing this arn.y. a .luty which he per^.rine.l with his usual ia^ 1 1 geiice. Upon U'ashington's .leath, in ,7,,. General Hamilton sii^e Id o the chie. .-ommand; but the .liffi.uhy wi,h France being settled amicabv the army was soon after .lisbanded." aniitaijl) . His essays with those of Jay an.l Ma.lison, pnblishe.i uiuler the title .,f The K era s,, ,n support of the Constitution, contribnte.l verv es.sentialU , ni t opu a, ; and as a tnember of the New York Convention he sustaine.l it h ^d ^Lrirmt " ^T"'°" ^"'""^ '° ^ '''-'' -"'- " ^'>' '-'--' '- No h .i >r T. •"'"" '" "'^ '■"'"^'■'■^^ "" ''-•'• "f --• '•'• tl>e ^^ t t :;: " "^"^; V^-^ -• ^ -ek. I.,.blic ..usmess so nile.l up M UaSing •■ ""^'"""' '" ''" '""^'' '"" '- ^""bing an.l writing wh,le I'- .7S.>, he was calle.l by Washington. ,0 a seat in his cabinet as Secretary 22(1 A aonciiii.i) OF u-AsiiixaroN li I of the Treasury ; the success of his fumling and hanking system, gained him tlie reputation of the greatest financier of tiie age. (1. \V. 1*. Custis recalls a reminiscence of Hamilton ; "It was at the presi- dential mansion ; the ex-Secretary of the Treasury came into tiic room where several gentlemen of the president's family were sitting, (ilancing his eye upon a small book that lay upon the table, he took it up and observes ; ' Ah, this is the constitution. Now, mark my words. So long as we are a young and virtu- ous people, this instrument will bind us together in mutual welfare, and mutual happiness; but when we become old and corrupt, it will bind us no longer.' "The military nature and adilress of (leneral Hamilton, occasioned the greatest envy and confusion to his political enenues, after ])arties were organized in the country. Hardly one of the men, who set upon Hamilton, to worry and destroy him, had ever borne arms. Neither Jefferson nor Ma• '"''• "°^' " The lomixst of ,|u. I,„r,l l,as l.c.U,.,. severely „,.„„ u„ i„ ,1,. i„eM„v il I ■ I , I. me U tl.c l„v, „l n„e M, .le.„ly, so leiulerly l,el„ve,l, lei „, a,l,l,vs, li.e tl,n,ne , f „ alleviale ,„„• .nniie.,,,,, a,„l ,,„ur the .«l,n .,f eoinfo,, i.uo ,„„. u„„ Li 'l' " '" "'"' '">■'-■ "" '-- - '—'- .l.a. what .he divine » i .,,.„ IT „, . ' " "'r'V cannot cit; ami. although. ,ve shortsi.-h.e.I n.oi.aK e.uu,.., inve,:,, ';,"''' ;:;;:;■::;::';:•::;::,;':;■■::-;::"- '7f'™--':i^™:'::; "■ '-' '- - "-;;;;;:•;: ^-t. irn;;,:™:::;;;:;;:;";:::::: ' ' •' " I am most leinlerly .in.l .nlVeeliunakly " tl>c |>aient, who feels for a viituous an.l IhIovc.I rl,il,l, "To Mrs. Hamilton, New York." " ''"" "' ^' '"' "•"■ ncr ])Lrson . it contaiiiec the ast Ipitcr n-rltt,.,, i i i , , ' '"-•ning of the fatal day V | e V "'' " '" '"■'' "' "" f •J'.'a .1 (iDixim.it or WAsiiiSiiTdS view, lit' siiys : " She w.is ilicii in the uiiict) sfcoiul yt-ar of her age, ami sliowiiig few syniptuiiis in ix'ison or nniul, of txireine longevity. 'I'lie sunny cheerfnl- nt'ss of )icr temper ami (luiet liunior, wliiili siietl their Messed inlhientes around her .dl liirongh life, still made her deportment genial and attractive. Her memoiy, f.iithful tu tlie myri.id impressions of her long and eventful e.xperience was ever re.idy with its v.uious reminiscences to give a i)e(-nliar (harm to her conversation on subjects of the buriid past. .Siie was the last living belle of the HAMILTON ARMS. I Revolntiiin, and possibly the last sur\ivor of llie notal)le women who gave a charm tu the Republican Court at New \ork and l^hiladelphia during Washing- ton's administration. A\'hen I revealed to Mrs. llamilion the object of my visit, her dark eyes gleamed with i)leasurable emotion. She seated herself in an easy chair near me and we talkeii without ceasing upon the interesting theme until in- vited by her daughter to the tea table at eight o'cU)ck ; where we were juincd by a French lady, eight or ten years tlie junior of Madame Hamilton. ' I liave lately visited Judge Ford at Morristown,' I remarked. ' Judge Ford, Judge I'ord,' she repeated, musingly. 'Oh, I remember now. 1 le (ailed upon me a few years ago and brought to my recollection many little events which occurred while I was at Morristown with my father and mother during the war and which I had forgot- ten. I remember him as a bright boy, imich thought of by Mr. Hamilton, who was then Washington's secretary. He brought to mama and me from Mrs. Washington, an invitation to headipiarters soon after our arrival at Morristown in 1780.' 'Had you ever seen Mrs. AVashington before?' I encpiired. 'Never,' slie said, 'never; ' she receiveil us so kindly, kissing us both, for I i: Illg flll- ind ler ice lier the Al.i:.\.[si,i:i{ ll.iMii.Toy aaa the general an, ,,.,,... were very u.un. IrKn.ls. She wus then nearly nf.y years o ^ l>.a .as suil lKuuKso„,e. She .as ,uite short ; a plnn,,. Hule won , .lark l.rown eyes, her ha,r a little frosty, and very plainly dressed for sue), ,f a arge wh.te neckerchief, a neat cap and her plain gol.I we. ,r ring which she had worn for more than twenty years Her .'rices owl - l„ .. i |.,,l,,„,i ,„. u, , ^ ;tais. iicr graces an. I (hccrhil manner '. u,,s .M,. llamdton's warm friend. We >en,ained the.e sever d .l.vs and -re wunesses o the excellent .lisciphne of ti,e French troops. ' re w w e 'iiirz^"';-""'^- 'T: "^'■"'" ''"y'" "■"-' ^ - ^- -■" iiie uiiiis before. .sl,e ,eei„„i ,„ |„ ., ,„„ „, , , , > a|.la,„ .Molly, a,„l f„r .1, ,„ «1,, f,„„„,„ . ■' , „t . " ™ " ,,,„," '"' "' - ».» i; .;;;;.;;;;;:;;■ ;::;r:;;z;::.;;'i;r 't:,;::7 "',;'"o='"" her couratre "ivp licr .k» ■ ■ . "-t,.oo. J nc i.eneial .idiuinnK ""'afcc, j,a\e iitr the ..■oinniissiiin of a sopfein. ■uwl ,», i,: , h.'r.i.m„ „..,. .,i..„..i ., ,. .. ' ''*^'-'"-"'f' an.l on his reconinien. ation " „a,„e „,„„|„e,l „„ ,i,. &, ofl.alf , ,■ „ 'V' °" '" ™»"™™.la"<., ■* >-r r' wmm mm ! I 'j-,'j .1 (inDciiii.i) or ir.isiiixurox I I ; f" i SDiut-'tiiiR's i);i!is along llic I'lciu li lint's vvlu-n (ni |i,ir,ule and get her iial nearly tilkiileiil and Nice I'leiideni, the caliinit oflic ers, a majority of the memhers (jf the Congress, the i'lench and .Spanish Ministers, .ind milil.iry and civic oflh eis, with their wives and daughters. .Mrs. Washington h.id not yet arrived in New Wiik Iroin Mount Wtiioii, and ilid not until Ihne weeks later. On that ocf.ision every woman who ,ittei;ded the hall was presented with a t\\n piep.ned in I'.nis, wiili ivory frame, and when opened dispKiyeil a likeness of W.ishingtoii in piuhle.' ' Were \oii often at halls which Washington atleiided?' 1 eni|iiirecl. ' l''rei|nenily.' ' 1 )id he usually dance on such occasions? ' ' I never s,iw W.ishington daiKc,' she replied, ' he would al- ways choose a partner and walk through the ligiiris correctly, but he never daia:ed. Ilis l.ivurUe was the minuet, a slnw, gr.iceful d.nice, suited to his dignity and gravity, and now liiile known, 1 helie\i'.' ' .Mrs. Washington's lecep- tioiis were very brilliant, were they not?' 1 askeil. • Hiillhinl so lar as heaiiiy, fashion, and soci.il disiinctioii,' she replied. ' Oiherwise lliey were very pi, nn and entirely nnostenlalioiis.' ' l)id yon usually aliend them?' 1 a-.ked. ' Kre- qnently ; 1 remember a very exciting scene in one of her earlier receptions. Ostrich pinnies waving high (jver the head fdinied a part of llie evening head- dress of a f.ishionable belle of that lime. .Miss .Mid'.vers, sister of .Mrs. l'',dwar'"«'"" <" ret.ru from ofrice. They canH- to this .o.Mmt h n t ,nan,u.s .as n, an Austrian prison and his wife and daughters ,h ly •a.ayette s heluved fr,cnd. The President and Mrs. Washington would ,1 uliv ■ave re..e,v..d then, into their l^n.ily. hut sta,e policy forbade it at th ■ i' a Mgth he and h,s tun.r wen, to I'lnladelplna ; live.l quiellv at private lod -'inu .when the renred President and ins ^unily left the s.;,t o ( ..veruJi £ Monn, \ernon. the tutor and p, a. eompan.ed then,. When the yo "n and ins father were in tins co.nUry twenty odd yens •„., ,1,. .;^.cd.,...rt,,en.ar,pns,o.d^,r.H:nnton^::a,:^^^^ Kli^uhed, Hamilton departed this life November „h, ,S54.a..ed ninelv seven n,.r reman,s he s,de by s,de wnh those of her husl«nd nnVnnty;';:,;- ,;;:';: The following letters have never appeare.l in prim. Mv m;ak Sui : ■• \-l fnr any iiiliuisic v.ilne ilic ilii,, "MolNT VkKNux, AuK.Ht JIM, 179-. :^:;:::,;J:::;::;:,;:;[:S:-r'''--:^^ win.h M-. Wa.l,in« ,„ j^ ,; ;, " r-''„ ' '"■'f >,- '" L-en. ,„y I,,., w.,,.,. i,. " To '•('ill. A. II.VMn.TOV, " .N't'w \urk.' " .Sincere frieii.l, "and alieelioii.Ue lumilile s.-vaiit, " (iiMi. \\ .\vniM;ri.N. " Mv iii:\Ki v iu;iovi.;n (/nnn.- " •^'"■^^■*' •'^■'tni.j.u-, Dccen.her 7tli. i;,)^. " • '--^ -, iuen .0 y • I.!:^ .^ J:^^^:^^ '" '^'^'T '"^ "'"' ^• which is a K..o,l „„..; 1 hue -.Ko „|V I-«,sschanu-tc, .,f Charles M,„„„. >..na a., .o „. that ]:. z:!;-"::: ;:;;;.;;:::;„;;.."""'" "^ ^-'-'^ --'- ••• -- ■ne. ye, the c' „s..,a,ion ,1 , n. ^ ':;";' ^"";""«" "'">■ '"-'- "'■"■ )- '> i'-'f..! - •science will fully con,,,en J,e"ne """" "'^'' >-°" "-^^ ^"■""" >'-■ "-"1 -'. -elul "V.uubnnherllamillnn has selcclcl well r„rv.M, \t,\.MI • vnlue Ml every shape, and I an, iie,s„„|.,l ,i , ' „ -^'I'l'-"" s works ten, I to inculcate proht. '"""■"'^'' "'•" >"" »•'" '■^'l hi"' « ith attention, plca.sure. an.l r" r . ! ;'l. li ' I ii ! •.'■-'(! .1 (ioixiin.it (IF WASH, (irox '• 'I'.ik'' fvuiy ii|iimitimily nf ccnvcr-iiij; in I'lviu li, Voiir sister C'luiicli find your nieces spcaU it wrll and I instruct ymi to ii^c tliit lanj;u.i^c in all yinir intcrcoiir-c willi tlicni, when pcisiins arc not procnl ulio dti nut nndcolaml it. '• I dare say ymi arc very altcniive w all your relation^, and that yim lrc>|ULiitly vi-.it your si>tcis Hamilton and Morton — make our love to them. " l''Mc|iiirc constantly about your ncpliews on Staten Island, write tlicm and assure tlicm of a visit from their (Irandmama and nic, — I hope next month. '• S our Mama unites with me in lo\e to you and all our dear cliildren, "(iod bless you my amiable ami beloved child, " Yours, most affectionately, "To " I'H. ScllUYI.liR. " .Miss (.'Aiii.vKiNi \'. R. Sriii VI i:k. ".It John 1!. Church's, l'.sc|. " Broadway, New \ ork." " At. liANY January, loth, iSoo. " My 1)K.\ki V iiii.ovi;i> Ciiii n; "Your very agreeable favor of the l^t insl., 1 had the i^lcasurc to receive yesterday. \'our I>ear Mama unites with me in reciprocating the wishes of you and all (jur dear cliildren Inr a ccjiitinuance of health and every hapi>ine.ss that the divine beiii}; can disperse, and which he will bestow upon the virtuous. I wish we had been at New \ Hrk. Mr. Morris's oraliun (on the death of WashiiiKlon) would have alTorded us pleasure, but tlie f;reate>t would have been that of bcin^; with children so dear to us. " If the President (John Adams) does not nominate Cen. Hamilton to l.c I.ieut. (ieneral, it will evince a want of prudence and jiropriety, which may ullimalcly be injurious to him ; for I am |iersuaded that the va^l iii.ijorily (if tlic .\merican community expect that the aiipointmeiit will be conferred on the Licneral. I lony to hear from him and also from Mr. Church ; but believe their not writinj; is to be imputed to an expectation that I should before this have been in New York, as in fact I should if there had been snow to convey us. "The many civilities which Mrs. Morris in more happy days conferred on me, entitles her to my sincere syinjiatliy ; and it is a consolation to learn that she supports her disasters with so much fortitude, and that her dauj;hter's conduct rellects .so much credit on her. Your observa- tions, my dear child, on the behaviour of these persons, evinces the goodness of your heart, and the eorrectiK-.s of your judgment. To feel for the misfortunes of others with .sensibility, although it creates a ]iain, it is a ]>aiii accompanied w ith the conscious pleasure, of a duty to huuianity. " Yesteiday, there was an I'.ligible ]Moccs-.iipn in honor of tlic good deceased (Ieneral (Washington). .\n oration was delivered by .Mr. Uean, which, fiom as much as I could hear of it, did credit to the speaker. It will probably be published. " .Mthough I apprehend thai you do not pursue your stmlies as nuuli as I would wish, yet 1 am most fully jiersuaded lliat the neglect is not to be imputed to you ; but that you are restrained by thosr necessary attentions to others wliiili i-.nmot in your situation be dispensed wilh, but even in these you acipiire valu.ible beiulils, from ihe conversalion of your brolliers and sisters, and perhaps from a few olln is. " rmbrace all our dear children and grand, hildren for us; they all ]Milicipale with you in our love and best wishes. " .Vdii'U my honorable and beloved child, may indulgiiil Heaven pour ils choicest blessings en voii .uid all who are ilear to us. To Miss C.Mll AuiNi \'. K, Si IH■^■l.l:K. "at John li. ( hunh's, F.si|, " liioadwav. New N'ork." I .1111 ever yours niost " .Mieclionately, " I'll. Si lll'YI.l.R. i It (jiiij in t 'f i ' ii ii-tOBii B H i ni [ i r i « -*^:*^^»^^ W- ? j,// ^:fc.-.^ .H.i:X.t.\/)i:h' llAMILTOX o..- you a iMK. to ,.11 y.,„ ,1,,,. 1 an. well a,„i ,|ku ,o ,h,y ,l,e hcriuL. oftlu , '' I fear ,1,. ,.,ui.,„.c.v.io„s ,„v s,ro„,.|v i.nin , „ • ^ '" •" '•""•-^' ''^■«^"'- ...>>..f wi,.- .in,,i„« ,.,, ,He,K.--.,„ J ...„.i; .r;;:! ' :'::;!V;;r,:; ;,::r^ ■ ^' - "^ i^ .1.0 ,... a,ul a ve^ ,.^ ^:l:^r''"' '"''''' '" '''' ^-" ^'^^^ '-'>■ »"" '-• She .. -po " -^'''' ". "ly i:ii/a, "Mks. IlAMii.roN-, "A. M.wiJii.iN. " Xew Voik.'' (The Le Gueu ca.e was fan.ous. Ha.nil.on won ,, l.y U. ,„aMe,ly clo,ucnce.) " AlIIAW, Oct. 20ill, lSo2. "Mv DKAKi.v III inviii CiriiD: " Weilne.Mlay. f^r.., . ,„e pieL:; i^.,,:;;;;;;: , : tr!::'2:f:::' "":i\ ; '■ '---■-^ l-al.h. May Heave,, c..n,i,u,e this Me.si,,,, ^ ^-"-iW„l,l,e„ were >n good «.:::;^;;;;;^:'^;i;:;:;;rh-ti:z^;^ '--'---.^.e • ^o.„- ,lea. >,a„,a a.u, Ca.haHne „ni.e w„„ n,e i„ ,,.e U. y.n, al,,';::; „,.,- .„„>,.... •• Adieu my Dearly lielovnl " I am ever most lendcrly •> Xo " i'^ aKcclioiiaiely your^, I've. "Mn^. IlAMirroN-, " ''"■ ^' m vikr. " Xew Nork. " '■• S. TI.ere i. cheese on board for you winch will l,e .en, ,o Mr. , -Innvh'. " Mv niAl; SlSTKR : "Till'; (;KA\(;r. 11 \i M II1I..III., (),,, 251I,, ,si4. -in;';;:^:::';;:;,;:;!'';;;:' :::;: ;;:;■ '■:;;"•'--• -'■:" - ^^^ .ve . ,.ro,,,ee, ..„ o, anec.loles; indeed any ., illn.iruive of l'„ • "' " ' ''' V ;''> ■'"^'""^ '•' l^ve do„,es|lc ."-:;x:n.;:t,:;;j'::;,:-;:— --:,;:v ; - '^ I 238 .1 comiiii.i) or wAsiiisuros wlun in tlie l.fs;islnlu'\' nl Alliuiiy in ijSo. A1m> iiuiiKiii> in I".Sj wliiK' sUhIvmii; l;i\v al Alluny — slyU' nl ccmvirsatiiin — ind inikcil evi'i ylliin;; which will ilhistralo thi' cla>lKily uf his niiiiil, vaiioly nl his knowleiljjo, iilayfulntss ul his wit, excellence of his hcail, liinniess, foihcaranco, virUics, \c. As (he work is very nearly conipleleil, it is very much my w isli Id receive from you an answer to tl-ese inquiries as soon as you can prepare it j and 1 lnn that y ^''-'^C-- v,-,f?j5r HAMILTON "GRANGE." M ynu will sit (Ir'vii il.iy afli'r (lay fiir a shnrt lime ami endeavor to lax your meniniy, lie lias hi. in! lliat your olis ■rveliun i^ vny acule, and your reenlleclions when e\eiled on a sidije/I ol' such inleresi, very aceurale and lull. " May every blessin}; Ije yours is the prayer of ymn' " alleclionale sister, " To " r.l IZAIinil II AMll.liiN. " Mks. ('.Mil. \'. K. Mm (di M, " lliea, N. V." (Mrs. llamillon visitcil her sifter at r'swefjo in 1S47. I have before me a wor-lid ha^ that she Itniited and sent to niy f;i'i'i'l''i"'il'er in 1S4S, accompanied by the (olIowiiiK note.) aasstst*----- .'1 LEXAXDEli ll.\Mii/r(ix L'-J!) My hi:i.()vi:i> Sistkr : " ^'"^' llx'N-WK-K, \. I, Oil. 3,1, ,848 Mrs. Catharine \. K. Cociirav, " OsHcyo, N. V.' " Your loving Sister, "t:i.]/AHKrii 1Ia.mii.ton'. IHK (;kange The co.MUry .seat of Ale.xandcr Ha.nilton, called "The Gra„.e " is a line ^ an,e,. of Lolon.al architectu.e. In ti,. groun.is wh,d, once e.u IkI o Hu .0, r.ver a,ul were shade.! by .nagnificent cltcstnuKs. eln., and o Id I.Ike nmnj. „f ,|,e mansions c„nsi„,c,e,i .„ ,|„ d„„ „f ,|„ e,„l,leenll, ,,.„ nng ., ,e »,n,„ „ ,„, „ne .,..„,„ n, ., „,„ ve.,il,„„.\„„ „l ,"" ,„ ,^ ," a nearer iloor to the right opens into Hamilton's librarv 1 r,..» .. „Bl„. ' ■ '"" ■" "»' *« " »■» fashionaUe to i„ca,e ll,c„, ont of r.vJt:'r:s";r:,M;;t :r™''' "t °r ' ■" "» ' <^' - '-»->•• ll»,I«,„ The ;, , '" ■■■"'>■ ''"P~'""'»i«l"l a ni» vi... „f ,le .... f»;;„ a';;:„t':;;:;:::::::™:: '-^ ^■" '""-"' ^'- - ■—- -'^ reiintr:;;;;^ ™ IZ! ":,"T r-f ^"""'"^ •"»" "^ "« ' y "" .;» »". ... ..» .^..........; ;;,:;■;;;;,::;: :■:■,:;;■";:?' ";i":- - ,'?'■■ rr !:!() A COUCH 1 1.1) OF \rAsiii.\4 "ocoC u i i 1; mmm mtmmmmmims'S 1 ('it.\i>i-i:R X CKfjkCK WAMIINdToM O.^™. \Vashin<;ton wns on in.hnn.c icr.ns «-,th Schuyler. A warn, personal nenc Islnp luul ex.s.ed beUvecn then, long helore the War of ]ndependJ>ce hj brought ,he,n together, an.l uas continue,! uninterruptedly until thl death of the former on December ,4.!., . 799- General and Mrs. Washington were freemen v entertan,ed n, the ..hany „K,ns,on. where a suite of rooms «^,s reserved foV occupancy L ,rly ,n the year ,78., while General Washington was still en sz:;^ ::; offi":"';"^ "^^ '""" '"'""" '- -"" ^'- ^^^^-^«'- -,t:i c i (■ •'"^';';"" /'^ ^'•"'■^"•■^ ^'' "-■ l-P'i-sn, of the General's youngest child, (.aiharine Van Rensselaer. After the close of the war, on December 4.!.. ,78;,, Cleneral Washington took eave of h,s pr.ncpal officers at Fraunce's Tavern (sec chapter HI. , which is .1 andn.g at the southeast corner of Pearl and Hroad streets. Ixew X..k. E nt , g the roou, where they were assembled he stood before then,, and with a glass of o >ou. I mo t ardently w,sh that your latter days n.ay be as prosperous and >-.pi.y MS your former ones have been glorious and honorable." laving drunk be continued : -.I cannot come to each of you to take n,y leave, but I si; gc. to you .f each will come and take ,ne by the hand." General Kn x u, s ood near h,n,. grasped the hand of his late comn.ander, and whde tears t..d of iHs officers. On December 23d, Washington resigned his commission ii^Xd m": t v^' "' ''' r-'^ " ''' ^""'"'^"'^' ^^^-- - ^--P^'^ public life ""'" "^ "" '^■^"'' ''^'''''>' '" '^'-- -•--' <•-" II- cares of _^ 'n-jollowing description of his estate ,s taken from an old volume published MOfNT VKKSUS "Mount Vernon, the celel.rate.l seat of I'resident Washington is nleasnntlv s. nated on the Virginia bank of the Potomack. where it is neaH wo • w ^ and s about two Inn.lre.I and eighty nnles fron, the sea, and one hun.lred nd w.uy.even mdes front Point Lookout, at the mouth Jf the river. T^ 'i "e »n 's below .Ale..andr,a, and four miles above the beautiful seat of ti,e ! -lone l->oiit for my own convcnk'ncc ; lo ulncli I nliinucl »illi llir f^rcalL^t avidity, tlii; moment my public av ■ alioiis would pLTiiut; and from wliirli I lii'pf iicvii ajjain lo ill- willidrawn. " While I am here, solacinj; myself in my retreat from (he hiiNy ~eene> of life, I .im iint only made extremely happy liy the fjralilude of my countrymen in ^;eneral hut particularly mi hy the repeated ])roof> of the Uindnes.s of those who have lieen inlinintely conversant with my puhlic transactions. .And I need scarcely add.ihalthe lavorahle opinion ipf noone is more ai i eplahlc than that of yourself. " In recollecting the vicissiludes of forlune we have e\periil.("< d. and ihe dillicullies we have suniuninted, I shall always call to nund Ihe j;reat assistance 1 have freipienlly receiviil IVom you holh in your public and private character. May the lilessini;s of peace amply reward yoin' exertions; may you and your family (lo whom the coinplimenl~ i Mrs. \\'asliinj;l< ii and my- self are alVectionalely presented) long continue to enjoy every species of happiness ihe world can afford. "With scnliments of sincere esteem, atlaclunent and afleetioii, I .im 1 >ear So, your most obedient, very humble servant, fJ. WasIIINCION. " 'Po " Gen. Schuyler." '?V."«f:-'V'/Tt^-' .•"./-'-' ' '.>■ MRS. WASHINGTON. ^ttf f". ^^.i ii ; III I oEoimi: WAsiiiMiTos' 337 Al'ier his inatigiiration in New \orl<, Ajiril (>\\\, 1789, as I'ltsiilciit nf the Uiillcd Stales, he wrote to (iciu'ial Schuykr as loUows ; " The noud (ilspusilioiis which st'L'in at |iresciit to pervade every i lass of people, alford reason for your observation that the clouds whith luueso long (larkene,',.. Hi *E»i-'^' ~ ip f^£^' \'^-i : ^tiarr'jcf i^i. .'"jjlu vaB?'' ■i«i» w> , % ■■,: aL 5 ii 1 '»■ *■ V-^*,i .•;<«t MOUNT VERNON. " I'nii \\n.\ rni A, W-c .\\h. [79S. " Mv nv.AR Sue •• I liavo liofn lionoroil witli your U-tlcr nf tlic 201I1 nil., inicl cdii^ratiilnlL- ymi very sin- cerely nil tlio r.iviiralile uIi.tiiho ymi have lalcly cxpi riuncucl (as I liavc lieen infoniRil ) in your lieallh. 1 wisli it may lie |H'rri'Clly restoicil. " I pLMSiiadr nivsi'lf lliat it is unnecissaiy to ail.l lliat iC IumIiIi .itul otlu-r Lirciniistapicfs luui cnaMfil you and Mis. ScliuykT to liavo visiicil Mrs. \Vasliiiij;lon ami niysi-lf at Mminl X'l'rmin, thai it woulil have liecn considered as a niosi plcasiiifjand llaltcriiij^ evidence of your rcfjard ; and the more so as m-illier slie unr I ever evpccled to he more than twenty live miles liom that retreat during; llie remainder of our Nves. " Hul, slrauHe lo relate, here I am. husied with scenes far removed and foreit;n fnun I'very- thinK I had conleui|ilaled when I (|uilted the chair of (lovernincnt. " Voiir grandson, Mr. Church, has all the exterior of a fine young man, and, from what I ([ m •j;t8 .-I iiiihiiiii.D will iln jiislirc In ami rcwnnl llie inoccpts lie lias re- ceived lioiii yi-.t>'nl Willi my nlliir diilirs he may asMireiUy cuinil ii|miii. •• I I'lay yuii In pic-fnl mi- (and 1 am Miir Mrs. \Va■.hlll^;lnn wipidd iiniU' iii Ilium if ^lR• were here) In Mi'-. SthuyK'r in Ihe mll^l ii's|irtirul kini^; and lei mc pray ymi to he assiiied iif the MilCere e^lcem, lejjaid and wishes of ihe must alleclionale kind, of, dear sir, "your most obedient and very hiunhle servant, " (J. \VASIIIN(;rON. "(Ji.N SiiRvi i:r." G. \V. V. ("iislis (his grandson) writes: " AV;isliington never appeared in mili- tary ciistiinic, iinlfss 111 receive his l)rethreM (if the Cinriiiii.iti ; or at reviews. He then wore the old uppositidii colors of I'liigiaiul, and the regimental dress of the volunteer corps wliicli lie (oinmaiided prior to the Revolution. With the e.\- teplioii of tlie lirilli.iiit epaulettes (a jjreseiit from (Jeneral l.af.iyelte), and the diamond order of tlie (Cincinnati, presented by tlie seamen of tlie Krenth tleet, our allies in the W'.ir of Independence, the uinfonn of the (cimmander in chief of the army and navy, was as plain as liliie and ImlT could make it. The c;;raied llie .Northern army and impcrileil Ihe safety of the couiiUy had already begun to bear biller fruil. Since the bcginiung of the war, Majordeiieral I'hilip Schuyler had been in command of the .N'orthern licpartmeni, with his headi|uarlers at .Mliaiiy, whence his ancesliirs had a century before hurled defiance at I'lon- tcnac. Ilis family was one of tlie nin^t distingiii-ihed in \cw York, and an inherilcd /.eal for Ihe public service thrilled in every drop of his blooii. Xo more iiprigiit or disinleroled man could be found in America, and for bravery and gencrnsiiy he was like Ihe pal.idin of sunic me- diieval romance." — J. I'. directing any important operation, Gates had carried off the laurels of the Nortli- ern campaign. From many persons, no doubt, he got credit for what had ha])- ])ened before he joined tlie army, on the 191I1 of August. His appointment dated from the 2d, before either the victory of Stark or the discomfiture of St. Leger ; and it was easy for people to put dates together uncritically, and say tliat i ■) mmnmt mmmm ui:(ii!(ir. iv.tsitiXdTdX •-';(<» re- liiii ore llie before the 2cl of August H„rK„yne l,;.,I cnuiiuie.l to advance iiuo tl,c ciuUry an.l nothing ,ould , hcrk hnn uniil alter Cates ha.I been appointe.I to the c„n,. man.l. I he very a,r rang »nh the praises of (late., and Ins weak head was not unnaturally t.n-ned wi.h so much aj-plause. Jn Ins .l,s,,atches announcing the surrender of Hurgoyne, he not only forgot to n>ention the names of Arnold and Morgan, who had won for hnn the decisive victory, but he even seen.e.l to for.et that Ije was serving under a conunandern, chief, for he sent his .lispalches .breclly to Congress, leaving Washington to learn of the event through hearsav Ihirieen days after the surrender. Washington wrote to Cates, congratulating ..m upon his success. • At the same time.' said the letter, ■ 1 cannot but regret that a matter of so much magnitu.le, and so interesting to our general operations, shouM have reached me by report only, or through the channels of letters not bearmg that authenticity which the importance of i, re.,nired, and which it would have receive, by a line over your signature stating the .imple fact.' l!u., worse han hi , Cates kept his victorious army idle at Saratoga after the whole line of he Huilson was cleared of the enemy, an.l would not sen.l reinforcemen.s to Washington Congress so far upheld him in this as to order that Washington should not .letach more than twenty-five hundred men from the Northern army without consu ting f.ates and Governor Clinton. It was only with .lifticiilty that e'nTk 7 ""'""«/r'""^ "-"'"<- -'" » ^l-'al message. succeecLd in getting back Morgan with his nnemen. When reinforcements finally did arrive 't was too late. Had they . ome more promptly, Howe would probably have been unable to take the forts on the Delaware, without control of . huh he could not have stayed m Philadelphia. IJiit the blame for the loss of the forts was by many people thrown upon Washington, whose recent defeals a. Ihandyu ine and Cermantown were now commonly contrasted with the victories at the north I he moment seemed propitious for Gates to try his peculiar strategy once more and displace \ as ing.on as he had alrea.ly displace.l Schuyler. A. sistants w r^ I :::""' '•;:'" "'■;/ "■"•■'■ '^'"'^'^« "'^' f"-«" -•-'""-- then with t a my was one I liomas Conway, an Irishman, wh., had been f.,r a long time in th Irench service, ami, coming over to America, had taken part in the I'enn- motion, and the latter at once threw himself with such energy iiuo ,|,e faction :" (^Zv cu T % ^-"r""™'-^ •"- '^ -n caJi to be ^lo::: c^^ : th ^;""'^:"'^'^"^!-f' -■■"• -'• J-"- •-veil, a delegate tiom Massa- chusetts, who had been Schuyler's bitterest enemy in Congress. I, was a. one ^.ne reported that Samuel Adams was in sympathy wi.h the Jlibal, and tlj I '^J^o:7T'' '' T' '""'^"''^' '"" ■' ^^^'- '" "-•'^ -■•«<-'-' in ^' .- he war. Hancock, whose overweening vanity often marred his usefulness had Xil: Wn '-"7'"'^'"--^- -'• "- --■ '-«ave SainuH a! : is ; pitfening Washington for that position. In the autumn of 177; H .ncck resigned his position as president „f Congress, and w.s succeed JJ ' by H^ii^y 310 A aonriin.n of WAsiiLxarox \\ i I! Laurens, of Soiitli Caroliiui. On the liay when Hancock took leave of Congress, a motion «as made to present liim willi tlie tlianks of that body in acknowledg- ment (if liis admirable discjuirge of his duty ; but tiie New England delegates, wJK) iiail not been altogether satisfied with him, defeateil the motion on general grounds, and estalilisiied tlie principle tiiat it was injiulicious to pass compli- mentary votes in the case of any president. This action threw Hancock into a rage, which was chiefly clirected against Samuel Adams as the most prominent member of the delegation ; and after his return to Boston it soon became evi- dent that lie had resolved to break with his old friend and jiatron. Artful stories, designed to injure Adams, were in many instances traced to persons who were in close relation with Hancock. After the fall of the cabal, no more deadly stab couUl be dealt to i!ie reputation of any man than to insinuate tiiat he had given it aid or sympatiiy ; and tiiere is good ground for believing that such re- ports concerning Adams were industriously circulated by iniscrupnlous partisans of the angry Hancock. 'I'lie story was revived at a later date by the friene Congress was sutn.g. observed: • We have wisdom, virtue and strength enongh to save us. if .hey could be called into action. '1 u N nhe jmny has shown us what An,ericans are capable of doing with a genera 1 No.thun. A Cates, a I.ee/ or a Conway wo.dd in a few weeks render then, an ^.1-a.iv l.c«u„ .„ „.H„.,J : ' ' ■ ""1 ■ ^■""-""'--"■l-f "f "- an„y, .,,,1 l.acl "Rs.sld.le body of men. So,„e of the contents of this letter ond.f to 1 H"'-"' order to awaken, enbghten, and al.un, our , ^ , " ' •1>'^ letter to Washington, who instantly recogni.el 2m "'\ ^"i' writnig of D,-. JSenianim Rush \„,i ^'i''"'^*^" 'I"- "ell-known hand- i.^....ens. was stdi i;e e^ t ic'"":' rL:;::^";:::;;:''- 7' 'V'-"-' s.>y there ,s onlv one general in i. Tl ■ *^ ''"■""'' '" ^'""''-^^ ''' own.g to a chu',.e of , ''^ ' "'"■'''' '" "'^' "orthward was ..i.ke'suecih!; n 1:; t; :: ; :r ^ 'r'"^^" ^"™>- ^^■-"" "--^ '-- I'-e been guiltv of ido " ' n f n, ' '"• ''"'" ''"'>'''■ '"' ^^'— a-l earth wdl convin.. , b w f '"" ?"'' ""' "" ^=^'' ^"^ "— ' R"o.. can be expected n^ l"i:;r;:;:;;;vr '^ ""'r '"'''" ^'^"" islied fron, the canip • This n.isch ' worslniipers are ban- i-ead of lay-ug ii I.e.!,!:':,;:: r;! :::;i i;;:;;^';-;-^" "• ^■"••«'"- '^•". "^ ^Vashington. Ii,,, u,e ro,,,,na,ul r-in S,e, "'"'" 7' ' ''""^''>' treacherous missives l,ke these n,,.- .1, '^"".' "''" '"■e^arned, and neither ;? ■'«■"■ '» "1"^ - i: i:;:^''::;;;r"::i;;i«r''"^^'i'"""' <-oiiwav. a letter con, i.niiur ,„ ,ii -^iratoga, (.ates received from -o be eas,iy .cnjis ,::::; ':;,,^^-^^^^^^^^^^ young confidant and Aid de cnnn U , i' " ""■"' ""^ '^-"er to 1ns Wilkinson had reached V, t w ' , ""T ^' "^"- ''''^^ ^"■'— L "lu't. <'er. he .1, ;„ .ith a n..!!: ^ ^^^ X ! ^ ^f ''^ -"'"■«"> -'^ ^-rren- "'"- of Afonongahela whiskev rep^ ,' t^,:.^ ' ""' '""''■'■ ""' ^-'''l ^'i- to SiHbng's ears, and he struduJ '" '"'"""-'■ ''''"'■^ i' '-''■'•e ■"•■a'tl't...) commumcated ,t to Washington by letter « f' 243 .) coinnn II OF w Asmsciiis ¥ f It I saying tliat he slioiild alw.ijs dci'in ii iiis duty to expose sik:1i \vi( kcd dupllciiy. 'I'litis aniR'd, AVasliillgton simi)ly sent to Conway the lulhnviiig hriel note; "■Sir,- A Ictlei wliicli I rcccivi'il last nifjlil coiitainiil llic fulluu inj; )i,ii,if4r.i|ili : •• In a kllor from (ieneial Ciuiway to < Icneral flali"., lie says, ■ Heaven lias (lelerniined to save \(iur counlry, or a weaU (ieneral and hail counsellors would liave ruined il.' I am, sir, your lium- I'le servant, ( .1 oki.i. \Vas|iim;1(in." ' " ("(imvay knew not uliat sort of answer to make to tliis siartling note. \\ hen Mltllm lieaiii of it, lie wrote at once to dates, telling him that an extract from one of Conway's letters had fallen into Washington's hands, and advising hini to take helter care of iiis papers in ftitme. All the jjlotters were seriously alarmed ; for their scheme was one which ^ould not hear the ligiit for a numieiit, and Washington's curt letter left them quite in the dark as to the extent of his knowledge. 'There is scarcely a man living,' protested (latis, ' who takes greater care of iiis papers than I do. I ne\er fail to lotk tiietn up, and keep the key in my pocket.' One thing was clear: there must he no delay in ascer- taining how much Washington knew and where he got his knowledge, .\fter four anxious days it occurred to Gales that il miisl have been Washington's aid- de-cainp, I [amiiton, who had ste.tltliily gained access to his pajiers during his short visit to tlie Nortliern camp. I'llled with tliis idea, Ci.ilcs cliui kled as he thought he s.iw a way of diverting attention from the sulijec t m. liter (d the letter to the mode in whicli Washington h.til got possession of tlieir 'ontenls, He sat down and wrote to the Commander inC'liief, saying he had learned ihat some of Conway's conlideuli.il letters to hini'elf luul come into his excellency's hands . such letters must have been copied iiy stealth, and he hoped his excellency would assist him in iinearlliing the wretch who piowleil ahout and did such wicketl things, for obviously it was tnisale to have such creatures in the lamp ; they might disc lose precious secrets to the enemy. And so imporlanl did the matter seem that he sent a diiplicale of the iireseiit letter to ConL;ress, in order that every imaginable nieans might be adopled for detecting the culprit without a momenl's delay. The piiiiiose of this elaiiorale arlilice was to create in C'on- gress, which as yet knew nothing of the mawer, an impression unfavorable to Washingioii, bv making it ajipear th.it he encouraged liis aids(le-( amp in ])rv- iug into porlfolios of oilier generals. I'or, thought Ciates, it is as cle.ir as day that H.iniilton was the m.iii ; nobody else could have done it. "Hut Ci, lies' silly glee w.is short-lived. Washington discerned at a i;lauce the treacherous imrixisc of tlie leiler, and foiled it by the simple expedient of telling the plain truth. ' \'our leller.' he rejilied. ' ( ,iiue to my hand a lew davs ago. anil, to my gre.it surprise, mrormed me tli.il ,! copy of il li.id been sent to Congress, for uhat reason I find myself unable to at count ; bul .is some end was ••• "^ had no ,1 V "■'^; ''""" '." ""•'■"l'^'"^''--'--^- "•'•!' (iates, and had even supposed ... n.lk.nsou's n,format,on was g.ven with (iates' .san.tion, and with f , n 1 y •>'i'l^. as H. Other .natters of late, I have found mvself nnslaken ' "So the schemer had overreaehed hunself. It was no, Waslnngton's aid-de- ,pwho ha pr,ed.but it was Gates' own aid who had blabU.,. H t Ga.es cowardly letter Washington would not even have s„spected him • and to own all, he luul only hiu,self ,o thank A,r rashlv bla.on, g bl "co,^ '; -ter - imleto Ins credit, and which Washington, in Ins g;.nero^ d S ^ woul.l forever ave kept secret. An>,d this d.scon.l.ure, however, a i" J ho,,e could be discerned. ,t appeare.l that ^^'ashington had knot ', 1' W Ik 7*^ ,-"->- -I-'- '-i come to hin> as ,„„.,ed ,n conversat,, n y make \\dkn,son the scapegoat fur all the others f „es accordi,, clear n 1, rn <'""-"Ptuous reply from Washington n,ade all tins r ; W : '" ' '"■' ""^"-•"'"■'^^''l" P'-i»". >Von. wind, there was n, :s ^Z'.:t;;z 'Vw ^^"-^ , ""''"-• ""- '- ^^ '-•-'• youth^d blood boi ^d ;^ r H ;':';'"; "T "' ''^ ""• "■ ^'""«'-^^^- '- challenged Gates to e 11 c mh T r" "'" '^"""-^ '" '■^^■'■>''"">' -'' ^'niuularSd' ;;:':;;■'''■ '-•;''^- ■^' '''"■'*^'''' '"'' ^' '"""'^"t- Washing,on,au,I J I ', '^ fresh v,„|ence, when he made inquiries of «l-"eril hi,;,. : ■ : ; ::.:^' ' ? -^>' --■ - -'-l' ■- Kenera, had a...l falsehood, and re i^ e ,s V "",""'"' """""' '"'^^ "^ '^-^'^O' resigned his position on the Hoaril of War. F- mw I, I; m li. II 244 .1 (iDiuiiii.i) or \i:isiii\an>.\ " These successive revelations strengthened Wasliingtuii in [jruporlion :is ihi-y siiowed tiie malice and duplicity of his enemies. Alxnit this time a ])amplilet was piiblislied in London, and repubiislied in Nciv \'ori<, tiontainiiij; letters uliii ii purported to have been written by \V.\shingtoM to members ol' his family, and to have been t'ound in the possession of a mulatto servant taken prisoner at Inirt l.ee. The letters, if genuine, would have proved their author to be a traitor to the Ameriean cause; but they were so bimglingly concocted that ewiwiue knew ihein to be a forgery, and their only effect was to strengthen W'asbii i;iiin still more, while throwing fiuther discredit upon the cabal, with whiih many persons were inclined to connect them. " The army and the people were now thoroughly incensed at the plutteis, and tlie press began to ridicule them, while the reputation of dales sull'ered greatly in Congress as the indications of his real character were brought to light. All that was needed to complete the discomfiture of the cabal was a military fiasco, and tliis was soon forthcoming. In order to detach Lafayette from Washington a winter expedition against Canada was devised by the Hoard of War. Lafay- ette, a mere boy, scarcely twenty years old, was invited to take the command, witii Conway for his chief lieutenant. It was said that the French population of Canada would be sure to welcome the high-born Lrenchinan as their deliv- erer from the British yoke; and it was further thought that the veteran Irish schemer might [lersuade his young commander to join the cabal, and bring to it sucli support as might be gained from the French alliance, then about to be conipleteil. Congress was persuaded to authori/ce the expedition, and Washing- ton was not consulted in the matter. "Hut Litayette knew his own mind better than was supposed. He would not acce[)t the < oimnaiul until he had obtained Washington's i onsent, and then he made it an indispensable condition that liaron de Kalb, who outranked Conway, should accompany tlie e.\iiea( hnieiits upon the rights ol the piople. I'or the su(i;ess of the pure deiiioerae\ which must piceecU' presidents and (alii- nels and congresses, it waspeiliaps providential that its apostle iii'ver believed a great peo|)le could grant and still retain, could gi\e and al will lec laini, ccHild delegate and yet linnly hold the autlioritv which ultimately ( lealed the power of their repuhlic and enlarged the scope of their own liherly. " 'i'he (ioveninu.-nt of the Kepulilic by a Congress (jf Slates, a l)iplomalic Convention of the ambassadors of petty commonwealths, alter sev n )ears' trial, was falling asunder, 'riireatened with civil war among its members, iiisiirie( lion and l.iulessiiess rile within the States, foreign commerce ruined and internal trade par.d)v.e(l, its currency worthless, its merchants bankrupt, its laniis mort- g.iged, its markets closed, its labor uneinplojed, it was like a helpless wreck upon the ocean, tossed about by the tides and icaower and to make the name of an American citizen a title of honor tliroughoiit the world, came com|)lete from this great Convention for adojuion by the jieojile. As Hancock rose from his sc-at in the old Congress, eleven years before, Franklin saw emblazoned on the b.u k of the I'lesident's chair the sun p.irlly above the hori/011, hut it seemed selling in a blood red sky. During the seven ye.irs of the ccuifederation he had gathered no hope from tlie glittering emblem, but now as with clear visicui he beheld li\e(l npon etcnial foundations the eii- chiring structure of constitutional liberu. pointing to the sign, he forgot his eighty two years, and with the enthusiasm of youth electrified the Convention with the declaration : ' Now I know that il is the rising sun.' " The pride of the Slates and the aml)iiion of their leaders, seclional jealousies, and the overwhelming distrust of centralized power were all arrayed against the adoption of the (Constitution. Ml I ^1 (iHiumi: u:tsifixi;r(hv •-'ii( S c CSS . ,i„c „, con,„lc„.:c. h, U-.slnn,.o„ and ,|,e ,.ni„s of AU..,„ln Knn.l.on. Jclfcrs.,., w.,s .h. ,„s,Mr.U,on of in.lcpcn.lcMcc. l.n, 11.,,, „ „„ .1.C ,nc.r,KU.o„ u. ,l,c (■o„s.uuno„. 1„ „. ,,, „,, ,.„^ „,,.„. ^ a more- ,.,cro,:,o„s or .>„.x,n« ,nlc.)li«c.n.:c ,lun, lla,,,,!.,,,', At ...■„ n", he 'Y'"' ';""'• •""' ''-"-"^yM..,„was.a„.la,u..al,u„.l,.,l,..,„s,.. Z - 1 ;.l. .s an ..M,o,,,,,ln- o, .Ik- ,„„„ .pl.s a„d a„ a.h,,,,,,.,,,,,,. „, ,l,e ... . ..ov..,n„K.„t l,c s,a„ds sn,,,.,.,. and nn„vallc.d in An,..,-,..,, |„s,o,- II s lo., a,cc .as so ,..a«n..„.-, lus lan^naK,. m- < l.ar, and Ins ,vas.,n,n, so , !' ::i^:c=';;;:^:-;::r;:;:::::;;:-"-'-- ' "-- ■'lint ,1. ,nuln,nd..s u h,„„ „„ ,,„„,„„„ ,,„„,,, ;„„^,.,„ ^ U .,Knvn- and c..n,,al,..,|, ,,,.....,,, lu.,-ons,,tu,n.n,nndna,,o.lK.,,,a,,L the Sons of J ,b,.,,v. ■ , ' '"''' J"'"'' '■^""''' "'^' ^'''l^' '<'^"l>''- «'f I t.nst nntho.ity so n,or,nons.' • Uash,ng,on w,ll U- l'nsid..nt.' was the h„,le -t' Th. •,: : :,'"";: •" '^t^- "■ >"'-"^ ~ >- -,i .an.., i^ni' in (naiKl I'y Ins exert, oils to prt-vpnl as he sii.l . ii .. i < hne of oiir Fficril ill,F,,M„ i.,i ■ ■ ■ >-'^ '". -'s nt said, ' the de- pn:'.'':.:!:;::;::;:::';::"::;:;:"'' '■■ -■■< "in,.,,.,,.,,™,,, ,. -' -^ -•'™»--':S=l::.;:;;;-:::;:;;;-; essays 'I r! i ,jl mo A (Kifx'im.i) or u-AsiiiM.rox cal skill, .ihilities, ;m(l iiK liiiiitioii, wliii h ,in' iicci'ss.iiy to iiuiiuigt' tin- lulm.' His whole life IkkI iit'cii s|)iMit in rcpciitcd sad ilkus for his i:oiiiiH y's wiU.ire, ami he (lid not lusiljle now, though there is an undertone of inexinessiblc s,id ness in this entry in his diary on the night of his de|iartine : ' About ten o'c h^i k I hade adieu to Mount \ernon, to (irivate life, and to donusiie felii ily, and with a mind o])|)ressed with more anxious sensations than I have words to (a press, set out lor New \'oik with tlie best disi)osition to render ser\ ice to niy country in obedieiue lo its call, but with less hope of answering its expecta- tions.' " No cDiiipieror was ever accorded such a triumph, no ruler ever receiveil such a welcome. In this memorable march of six da\s to the I'apital, it w.is the pride of States to accompany him with the masses of the peojile to their bord- ers, that the citizens of the next commonwealth might escort him through its territor)'. It was the glory of cities tu receive him with every civic honor at their gales, and entertain him as the saviour ot their liberties, lie rode under triumphal arches from whi( li ( hildrcn lowered laurel wreaths upon his brow. The roadways were strewn with llowers, and as they were crushed beneath his horse's hoofs their sweet iiKense wafted to heaven the ever-asieiuling players of liis loving countrymen for his lile and safety. The swelling anthem of grati- tude and reverence greeted ami followei. h . ..nit-.l i. succ.s.fully ,h,„„<,l, tl.c w,.rs wuh Cca. J'.n.ain ,„ ,8.., and Mexico in ,848, which cnalLl Ja, k snn In dctcal M,.il,l,cation and arruited and cinii.,,....! u.illions of nicn U,r and siistaiiii'il liiu i'r.,.a. ,.„.,>; • ■' si>n I ■■.. .- w.,.. .nunu.anon anu arruited and c.ii,i|.i..Ml u.illions of men lur -incoln, an,! jusi.licd and sustained his I'roclan.ation ol Kman, ipaiion ■• No man ever stood lor so „,„eh to his eonntry and to n,a,.kn,d as (leoP.e Washington. Ilamdion. Je/feison, and Adams. Mad.son and Jay, each rena- bodied them all. i ,ey ,ell at tunes under popular disapproval, were hurned 11, e%, were s.one.l hut he with unerring judgment was always the leader ol the people. Milton said of Cromwell, Mhat war nude hi„. great, peace greUer ■ 1. o n„o of our (.overnmeiu and in putting ,t on in.lestrt.c.ible foundations tlKii. m lea.lmg armies to victory and .- ,: of his than in leading anni.s to victory and conquering the independence ol Ins omif). he Ln.on ,n any event,' is the . eiitral though, of his farewell ad- p;:::;i^^^ cai.cd at the ass of the empire in the west by follies which even his power and eloquence could not prevent. I'nt saw the vast creations of his linlo n c .r> ! Napoleo., cau.se.l a noble tribute to Washington to be read at the v^^tnic :;;:::', :" ""''"^ •" "'- •" ^^ -"-k'--^ «-'"-, witnessed anb ,0, n.l pnde, crumble into fragments, an.i an e.xile an.l a prisoner he brea bed his last babbling of battlefields and carnage. Hut Washi g " "■, h ■"s (niger upon his pulse, felt the presence of death and, calmly revt' vi L P- an,l lorecasting the luture, answered to the summons of the ^il™; g ^ It IS «c 1 aiul as his mighty soul ascende.l to Co.l the lan.l was deluded with tears and ,e world united in his eulogy. Hlot out from the page o f s ^ ' t -ines o all the great aCors of his tune ,n the drama of natio s tnd '^ ^ tame ol Washington, and that country will be renowned.- CiiALNcKv Mnciiii 1. Dm'kw. WAMllXC/roN's lli;.\hnrAkTi:iiiiii.i) (ir w isiii.\<,iti.\ ; tan ll.ii; iipun a lofty stall" lli.ii liail just Ik-cii cnitid iifar. At the fuut nl iliat llagstalV, llie last survivor of Washington's lifeguard is inicrrcil. The front door of this mansion opens into a large s(|iiaro room, whuli was used by Washington for his ptdilic audience, and as a dining hall, h is nin.iik alile for having seven doors, and only one window. In the Dccenilur nund'cr of the '• New \ cuk Mirror," for 1^54, is an interesting .leeouia nl this >ild hnildnig, by duli.in C ^'crplal'tk, llsq. He rel.ites the luilowing anecdote enn- >■■ II hi' WASHINGTON'S ! (KADQUARTICRS. Ncwlnirf;li, N. Y. iiectcd with this room, which he reeeued from Coloiu'l Nu hol.is I'ish (father of the late Govenior of the Slate of Nivv N oik ). "Just before I..if.iyeUe's de.itli, hiniseif .nid the Amciii.ni .Mnr.sler. with several of his ccnntryinen, were nivitcd to dine ii ihe lu)nse of the disliiiguished Frenchman, .Marbois, who w.is ihe hrench Set tei.irx- of Legation here during the Revolution. .\t the supper liour tlie cump.oiy were shown into .1 room which contrasted tjuite oddly with the I'.insian eleg.uice of the other .ip.irlments where tliey had spent the evening. .\ low, boari'.ed, p.unted ceiling, with large be.nns, a single sin.dl, uncurtained windon, wiih numerous small doors, as well as the general style of ihe whole, gave, at lirsi, the iile.i of the kitchen, or largest room of a Uiitcli or Belgian farmhouse. ( )n a rough table w.\s a re]visi. just as liiile in keeping with the rei'med kitchens o', I'.iris as the rooinu.iswiih its .irihi lecture. It consisted of a large dish o'" meal, uncouth looking pastry, and wine in decanters and bottles, accomiiaiovd by glass and silver mugs, such as in- dicated other habit.s and t.isies ih. n those of moilern I'.iris. ' 1 )o yoti know where w,. „.nvare'' sai,! the h..st to l.aC.yelt.. ,„ul liis omipanions, Th,.y |)aiisal („r a lew inonu-i.ls n, surprise. They had see., s..n)ething like this he ore, hut when and where? 'Ah! the seven doors an.l one window.' saul I..dayette, 'and the sdver , amp p.l'h'ls. su.h as tlie niarshals ol Fraiiee used M. n,y youth: Ue are at Washington's headquarlets „n the Hudson, hllv years ago ' ' " Boi^k Pijte. chapti:r XI i)is'nM.ri>iii ii i( iKi'.iiiM Ks V "In the atitumii df iViSi," writes I,, li. I'roctDr, " Washington while on a tour ot military in^iict'tion, accompanied l>y l.afayeUe, Kisciiiszko, llamilloii, Steuben, Generals Knox and (Ireene, visited Albany. 'I'hey were reeei\ed by the maynr, Abraham Ten liroeck, and the common council at the faniuus tavern of lliijih Dennitson, tlien staiuling on the nortliwest corner of Heaver and (ireeii streets. Here W'.ishington and his associates were tendered the freedom of the I ity with imposinL; '.eremonies. In the evening they were entertamed at the Schuyler mansion with an elegance nid grace worthy of the occ.ision and the illustrious chieltains, by their gallant hi st anil accomplished hostess. "The next year Washington again visited Albany ; this time accumpanied only by his aides He was again tendered the freedom of the city, at the Den- iiiston hotel, by the mayor, John Jacob l.eekman. He spent the succeeding evening in consultation with General Sch'ijkf, at his mansion house, where he spent the night." STiO •t '^ In 1 1; ', f SBiSISSSSSSSSSa^BiM m I jl tii il <,-5 Till-: mahqiis m: j.a lAy/rnj-: 259 Tin: MARQUIS ni l.A IvWKT'rE .7 I'li-iuh Soliiin- ,ni,/ SUU,-sm,in "IM the year ,730 there appeami „, I'ans a l.iilc v.,Inme entuieeane, the Ai lencan envoy, and olfertMl his services to t!ongriss. Mr. Deane, it a|i|)ears, iibj.'cted to his yonth. " ' When,' said he, ' I presented lo the envoy my boyish face, I spoke moie of mv ardor in tiie cause than of my experi'Mce ; but I dwell miiih upon the effect my de|)arlnre would excite in l''r:'iice, and he signed our mutual agreement.' " His inlention was concealed bom his fanidy and from all his friends except two or three conridanls. W'li'lt he was making preparations for his departure, most dislressing and alarming news came Irom .America, — the retreat iVom Long Islaiul, the loss of New \'ork, the battle of White Plains, and the retreat through New Jersey. The .\niiiir.in lorces, it was said, reduced t(j a disheartened band of three thousand nnlilia, were pursued by a iriuniphant army of thirty three thousand Vaiglish and Hessians. The credit of the L'oloniesat i'arissiink lothe lowest ebb, and sunie nf the .\uiericans themselves coilftssed to l.a I'ayetle that they were discouraged, and persuaded him to abandon his jjtoject. lie said to Mr. heaiie: ' Until now, sir, you have only seen my ariloi in your cause, and that mav not at preseiil prove whollv useless. I shall purchase a ship lo carry out your officers. We must feel cniilidence in ihe fiilure; and it is espei lall) in the hour of danger th.it I wish to sh.ire your forlune.' "He proceeded at oin e with all ]iossilile sei rccy to raise the inone)' and to |)iirch.ise and arm a ship. While t!ie ship was gelling teady, in order the bet- ter to conceal his intention, he made a joiiriie\' to i'lngland, which had previously been .iiraiiged by his family. He was presented lo ihe ISritish king, against whom he was going to fight ; he danced al the house of the minister who had the i!e|)arlnient of the ("olonies ; he visiled Lord Rawdon, afterward dislingiiished in the Ke\iiliilionar)' siniugle ; he s.nv al ihe o])era .Sir I leiiry ( 'linloii, whom he next s nv on the b.itllelield "f .\lonmoulh ; and he bieaklasled willi l.ordShel- biirne, a Irieiid of ihe Colonies. " ■ While I (-(jiicealeil my iiilenlions,' iie tills us, ' I openly avowed my senti- inenls. I ofien iK'fended the .\ineric.iiis. I rejoiced al their success al Tren- ton ; and it was mv sjiirit of opposition that obtained for me an invitation to breakfast willi l.i>id Shelbiirne.' "On his reiurn lo I'ram e his ])roject was discovered and his deparline for- bidileii by the kin.;. He sailed, however, in May, 1777, < hcered by hisci'unlry- men, and sccrelly approved by the yovernmeni itself. On arriving .at i'hlladel- phi.i, he sent to Congress .1 remarkably brief epistle to the following effect ; " '.\fler mv sacrifices, I have the right to .isk two favors: one is, to serve at my own expense ; the other, to begin to serve as a volunteer.' " ("ongress immediately n.iineil him a major general of the .American army, and he at once reporteil himself to Cieneral Washington. Mis services al the liiandy- wine, where he ums b.idly wounded ; in Virginia, where he held an impi rtalit command ; al .Moiimoulh, where he led the attack, — are sufiiciently well km wn. Tin: .v.ii;(/iis /,,: i..\ iwyr.rnc 2(il When he l,a,l l,a;,. ,n \,„ai,-a ah.Mit nilcvi, nu.nths, ihc „rws c.n.c of tl,c im- IK-nchMg .Icclam.ioi, ,.1 war iK^UVfu, France and laiKlan.l. lie li,n, UTolc to Congress :hal, s,, l„n,^- as he ha.l I.elieved Imnsrll' free, he ha.l ^h.dly fon^hl nn- dcr Ihe .\n>er„an (la.:; ; but ,hal liis own .onntry heinf,' at war. he owed lo ,, ,he .on.a.,e of h,s .serv.ees, and lu- .lesired ,he,r pernnsMon to lelnrn hon,e lie lH.l"''l. however, to unne hark lo An.enca; an.l assnre.l ihe.n that, wherever he |v.n., he shunld he a /ealons inen.l of ,he United Sla.es. Congress .a^e hnn eave ui ahsenee, vo,e,! Inn, a sw„rd, and wro.e a lelter on Ins hehaif ,o ,he King of I'rance. "'We reeon.Miend this nohle young n,an,' saul the letler of Congress • i,. l.c favor of yonr Majesty, heeanse we have seen hnn w,s.. in eonnsel, l,ra:.e n. I'^itlh', and patient under tlie fatigncs of war." ;'llc W.IS received in I'Vatice with great disliiu tion, which he annisingly de- c-ril^es: ' .v hen 1 went to conrt, which had hitherto only written f.,r me orders lor ny arrest. was presented to the nunistets. | was interrogated, conipli- '-ted, and ex ed -_to the hotel where n,y wile was residnig. Sane d ys a e 1 --ote to the king to acktiowledge .,,/„./, J ,,.,,,,,, „'; , , ^, ,,„, , ' ; ...... atuiiecohniehy of the Royal, >ragoons. Consnlted I,/ al, the .;:i:;: .s, .nul, what was nnuh het,.-r. enil.ia.e.l by all the women, 1 had at Versailles tlu> lav<,r of the king, and celel.rities at I'aris.' ^'^-'HIls '■ In the midst of his popularity he thought always of America, and ofic, sh.I that t e cost of the han,p,ets bestowe.l upon h,m cot.ld be p -ed ca^ury of Congress. His favorite prefect at that time was the Invasion f I-i glaml,_l.a„l Jones to command the fleet and himself the army. U hen this d,e,„e was given up he joined all Ins ,n,h.en.:e to that of i-Vankli to me .1. government to send to America a powerful tlee. and a .-onsiderable an I ,t " "'•"":' '" '"■'"""^ '"■ "'''^ ^•^"■'^''"'^ -'• '- -'"-" '" Amen a and .seived again in the .irmies of the young republic "1 l.f success of the United Slates so confirmed him in his attachment to re " 'May this rev,,luti,,n,' said he „„rc to Con.'rcss 'serve •,. , i F-ssors, an.l as an example to the oppressed ' """ '" "''" "And in one of Ins letters from the United States occurs this sentence. - 1 '••vc always thought that a king was at leas, a useless being , vewe ni'th, Mde of the ocean, a king cuts a poor figure indeed.' '^ caule^-f h^:;"' '^""^"'^^ '''-'' '"■""-" "-'-'•<• "■- ^- Tree gif' ,o the " One of the ,„os, pleasing circumstances of I.a ,.aye,le's residence in \m, ■■ Wlsi;;; : ^'^-- ;^^^^^^^ whi.. existed be.:.een hinLlnn. 'o^ , l>.s eldest son Ceorge Washington, and never J^l^X' .^Xi::::::^ i aiy his I. .1 (K.ixini.i) III- ir.i,N7//.v(r/y>.v s li)ve iiiul vfiicr.ilioii for tin; illustrious Amfrlcan. Kriinliiin, t oo, wiis mucr attaciied to tiie youthful entliusi;ist, aiul privately wrote to Cioucral Wasiiingtoii asking limi, hi for tl 10 sake of the yi anxious wife of tiie inarcjuis, not to expose his lile CNcepl in an imp. •'ant and decisive engaj;einent. " In the diary of the celehratevi William Wlllnrlorce, who visited I'aris soon after tlie peace, there is an interesting passage descriptive of I.a Fayette's de- meanor at the French lourt: 'lie seemed to he the representative of the de- mocracy in the very presence of the monarch, — the tribune intruding with his veto within the chamber of the patrician order. 1 lis own establisiinieiit was formed upon the F-nglisli model, and, ainu 1st tl le gayety and ease o )f 1' oiintaine- bl eaii, lie assumed an air ot repulilican aiisierilv ilili When the fine ladies of the court would altem|)t to drag him to the card talile, lie shrugged bis slioulders with an air of alfecled contempt for the customs and amusements of the old regime. Meanwhile, the deference which this champion of the new slate of things received, above all from the ladies of the coint, intimated clearly the dis- turbance of the social atmosphere, and jiresaged the < oming tempest.' From the close of the American war for independence, to the iitginning of the French Revolution, a period of six years ela|)sed, during whi( li I'lance suffered niuch from the exhaustion of her resources in aiding the Aiueiu ,uis. I.a Fayette lived at I'aris, openly professing republicanism, which was then the surest jiassport to the favor both of the people and of the court. The (^ueen of France herself favored the republican party, though without understanding its objects or ten- dencies. La Fayette naturally became the organ and spokesman of those who desired a reform in the government, lie reconmieiided, even in the |)alace of the king, the restoration of civil righis io the I'miestants ; the suppression of the heavy and odious tax upon salt ; the rel'onn of the criminal courts; and he de- nounced the waste of the piililic money u])on princes and court favorites. "The .Assembly of the .Notables convened in 17S7, to consider the state of the kingdom. I.a l''ayette was its most consjiic iiniis and trusted member, and it was he who demanded a convocation of the re|)resentativcs f)f all the i: /, ( in/rrrr ;■((;! to c..ll,^M•;.llllale the pn.plc up,,,, thfir trii.mph. ■I'lu.' next ,|,y, a city t;.r,nl »• is orKam/iMl to preserve tl.e peace of I'ans. a.,.1 the ,|„estion arose ,„ ,|,e As se.n bly win, sluniM cotnman.l it, TIk. presi.lent rose an.l pointed to tlie hmu',{ l-a I'ayette, presented by the Siale ol Virginia to the City of I'aris The hint was sufticent, and La Fayette was ele. ted to the post l.v acclatnation He called his citi/en soMiers by the luune of the National Ouard, and he distin- gnished them by a tri colored cocka.le. and all I'aris in.n.ediatelv fluttered with tri-colored nbluins and badges. '• 'This cockade/ said i.a Fayette, as he pivM-nud one to the National As senibly, ' will iiiaU- the tour of the world." " From ihe time of his acceptance of the comm.nul of tlie National Cuird the career ot La iMye,,.- changed its <:haracter, and the change became more aiHl more marked as the Revolution proceeded. Hilherto. he had been chiellv employed ,n rousing the sentiment of liberty In the nunds of his connlrvmen' >>. now that the .lame threatened to become a .iangeroiis counagration; it .le- volved upon hnn to stay i,s ravages. I, was a task beyond lum.an streng h b t e ,.ost gallantly attempted it. On some occasions he rescued with .i' o' hands he victims of the popniar fury and arrested the cockaded assa.ssins wh event the , tassacre of innocent citizens, and more than once, overwhelmed "-.th grief ami disgust, he threatened to throw np the command "On that celebrate.1 day when si.sty thousand of the people of Paris luMire.l ... a tnmn „ons Hood into the park of Versailles, and sun-onndcd the pa , f the king. La Layette was compelled to join the throng, in order, if possible to contro ,ts ,j,ovemen,s. He arrive.l in the evening, and spent he whole ' pos uig the National Guard about the palace, and taking measures to .s a .ty .. , e royal fnnily. At the .lawn of day he threw himself up" he bed for a ew miuules' repose. Su.ldenly the alarm was sonn.h.d .Some nia.ed n.en ha. broken into the pala.-e. kille.l two .,f the kind's bo.lv gu T ;T " '"'''^"^'■"'- ^'f "- -meen. a minme or' two aft'r ^ U l^r r, ''";' ^" ""^ ••">'^" '^-b-ssemblc.l in the king's cL hu. ttcmbling for their lives. lienealh the win.lows of the apartment w,s . Is. La I. ette stepped out upon the balcony, an.l tried to address the -yl. hut „nl,l not n,ake hi.melf heard. He then le.i out upon the hnl, oin of 1^ b d> g, a„l, em iace.1 him, and place.I his own . ..kade upon the sol- . St f ,h. ■■\'/""^"v"" TT °' "" '"""'"'^'^^ "-^'^ changed, an.l the crv R^itotls". "'''''^■^''''■^™'' '-^'-thenueenl L.mg live the Paris" :i ■c;r:;:;"ii;:''';T'7" ^'' T' "^ ''"« - ''• «" "■'"' "'<- i-i"^ - II' :ll 364 A aoDciiii.u OF w.isiiisaros riage, aiul thus toiuliu li'il him, in llic inid^t of ihf 'lamping crowil, in sality to the Tiiileries. Wlien tlie niyal family was once more secure witliin its walls, one of the ladies, the daughter of the late king, threw hersilf into ilie arms of La I'ayetie, exdai mnig ; C. you i lave saved us !• lom tills moment dales the dedine of I, a Fayette's pojiularity ; and his actions, moderate and 1 it. He ilemanded, as a memher of the National 1 of treason sliould be fairly hied hy a jury, and wise, contmua ssenec accuse( Uy 1< Assembly, that persi he exerted all his jxiwer, while giving a constilulinii lo iiis r(]untry, to preserve the monarchy. 'i'o appease the suspicions of the peo[)le that llie king meditated a tligut rom I'aris, he tleclared that he would answer witli his head for the king's remaining. " Wiieii, tlierefore, in June, 1791, the king and <)ueen made their blundering attempt \o escape, l.a Fayette was immediately suspected of having secretly aided it. Danton cried out at the Jacobin Club; ' We must have the i)ersiiii of the king, or the head of the commanding general ! ' It was in vain that after the king's return, he ceased to pay him royal honors; nothing could remove the suspicions of the people. Indeed, he still openly advised the ])reservalion of the monarchy, and, when a mob demanded the suppression of the royal power, and threateneil violence to the National Guard, the general, after warning them to disperse, ordered the troops to fire, — an actii}n which totally destroyed his pop- ularity ami inlluence. Soon after, he resigned his commission and his seat in the .Assembly, and withdrew to one of his connlrj- seats. He was not long al- lowed U> remain in seclusion. The allied dynasties of iMirojie, justly alarmed at the course of events in I'aris, threatened the new re]niblic with war. l.a I'ayette w.is appointed to command one of the three armies gathered to defend the frontiers. While he was disciplining his troops, and ])reparing to defeiul the country, he kei)t an anxious eye tijion I'aris, and saw with ever increasing alarm the prevaleiu e of the savage element in iiolitics. In 1792, he had the boldness to write a letter to the National Assembly, demanding the suj) pression of the clubs, and the restoration of the king to the place and power as- signed him by the Constitution. Learning soon after the new outrages put npon the king, he suddenly left his army and appeared at the bar of the Assembly, accompanied by a single Aide-decamp; there he renewed his demands, amid (he applause of the mcjderate members; but a member of the oppi site |)arly adroitly asked: 'Is the enemy comiuered? Is the country delivered, since General La Fayette is in I'aris? ' ' No,' replied he, ' the country is not deliv- ered ; the situation is unchanged ; and, nevertheliss, the geiural of one of our armies is in Paris.' After a stormy debate, the Assembly declared that he had violated the Constitution in making himself the organ of the army legally in- ca]ial)le of deliberating, and had rendered himself amenable to the minister of w.ir for leaving his ])osl without jiermission. Repulsed thus hy the Assembly, coldly received at court, and rejected by the National Guard, he returned to his army despairing of the country. There he made one more attempt to save the king hv inducing him to come to his camp and fight for his throne. This jiro- THE M.lh^^ns i,i: LA IWYEiri: o,.,. ja:t iK-ing reje.t.Ml. a.ul the au.Iu,r ,.f i, ,l..„o,n,.:ol l.v Robespierre l,is hust of .he e.xc<:M..o„er, he clee,.,c.l it ..ecx-ss.ry u, seek .„ ..>h„n i„ ., ueuu-,1 c try. H.vn,K p..ov,.le.i U. the safety of his ar..,y, he cn.ss.l the Z e i • MKHS., ,;,;.. acco.npa„iecI by t«-e„ty-.,ne persons, all of who.,, o.. p , ^ A,....u. post were take,, p..iso„ers. a.,.l J,a Fayette .as th.ow,. „.,. V ^ I ..s , oble w,le. who had bee,, for f.ftee,, n,o,„hs a priso.,er i„ I'aris h te ' j ur he, ,.elease. ,o sha,e her l,„sba„.rs captivity. For five yea,s. t^^^^ lu. ren.,,,s„.a,u.es o, ,.;„«la,„.. A..,enca. a.ui the ,„e„.,s of hlL., ^^ , ^ ! ■a I aH-.te ,e.„a,„e,l a pnso„er. To eve.y .le„,a,„l for his b|,e,a io„ t ,e A, ' -n, gover,„„e„t .epbe,!, .„,, „s us„al st„pi.l,ty. that the bberty ^n ^V.^^ - .nco„,pa„ble w.tl, the sa.ety of the goven„,.e.Us of K,„ope ,' ,, , • •l-nt,o„ at le,.«,h. to Oencal Jio„apar,e, a„,l .t .e,,ui,c.l .^L „• " ^. ...e cs.ab„sh„,e„; of ti^ 1X^2::::;^;::^^^:::. :;;;; he^:.a,ne.I ve.y good friends. The K,„pe,-or said of hi.„'.„e 1^' 'r ; ' mai, ,s ui Fajette. \ou see hi.i, uuw tran.pnl : very well ■ if 1,,. I,, 1 co,»|,ele„i „,„,e f„„„ „,, ..^ , ,;'''"'''"• '"' '» '""'"'■■'I « •■ "»™» <« i.» son, C.L. u'„„ i ,;,„,'' "iKiT T " " ' Stored, F,a Favette rerpiv^I n,, ; . .•-''""''""' "li<-ii Hie liotirbo,is we,e ,e- of the eve,„„g of his life i„ directing th cult t t o, .f 'h, f '"' ^""" '"'^' present at every crisis i„ the am.' of S « u L . e ' ^^T ^"^^'^^ f''"»-'l liberty. He „,a '" "'"'" .::7:::!:r£:„r :^z::r: rz;:- ::'::- - - -" --. "Wilh Ihe iiu.M MMceic- affecli.,,,, I ,„„, ..T„ "V0UI-, "CuLO.SKl. WaLTEK Sll.;\V.\KT." " '"^''^VLriE. ' Iii;ar .Sik : " ■^'•^^ WlNlisc.K, Jaimaiy Ihe ;olh, 1781. The IV.„i,.vlva„ia hu.inc' , V , ' ^ '" "' ""' '" ^"— Iny.s lo,- ,hal pl.ace. luTc as ,, ,„,.,,,,,. . ;; '• ''V'^"^'" "-"-■>•• ' "--1^'- .ulvise you .0 co,„e 1 It. WIIUL W. ,„,y ,„.,K,. .,,,.„,^,,„,„„ ,,„. „„,j,„„„^.j. " .\dieu, "ToC,,! \\, ,,,.„o " Voiirs .illeetioiKilely, ' o > 111.. \\ \| I |.R v,| I wAur ■' .11 I'leDl..,,. " l.AI AVKTTK. " .\lv DliAR .Sir : ••This h.ucrwili he -Ichveie,! hy M,, P,,,,, , ^,, I.A.iKANc;!-:, Kehv. lolh, iSiC. witli liis molhi a ve,.y a,„iah,e ..uly, ,o seUle ihe.^eK:'!';:; [Iru'T"''^'"'" """ "■"""^• of New ^•olk. a„.l i„ y„„. ,,,,, ,, ^^ ^^ZtU 7 '" f" '""'"'''^ '" ""= "'^^'^ n.uch ieaso,,,h.u „owheie ,„, .his s„lo i u, ' '" '' ""-''' """''' •■"""l'i"'<. «itl. i.e« yo., .0 nn-o,. hi,,, wilh youAi,.., : r ^,;;::'i:,;:;;""- — ^' ^-!"i- ." p-hase. , ■" 'l.c o,,po,-,„„i.y ,„ ,,,,„i,„, ,,,„ „r „,.. „|, ,,;,"" ;| >■'- "l-"-K.e. Happy , a„, "'■"■'■■I >"U, l.elove,lpa,e„.s. „,,„.,,,„, „,j.,.^,. ',-T' I! iOR A iii)l)Cll!I.I> OF \V iSlllSCTOS spfcts to Mf*i. CIuiii'li liuiilily litMr lo inv most lui-i-inu-. rrculIciMinn^ aiiil to ynur .iiniaMc ilau!;lilcr^, wiinm a lilcMilly iin.if;o i'iif;r.ivi(l in my liiMil lui'. iiuulr iiu' ii'cipuni/r IicIhil' llicy wiMc iiuikmI ti) IIU-. l.cl mc hear fium yon all. Kniuiiilur iiii- Id my (ririiils in your virlii- ily, .iiiil liillrvr iiic liiroviT, •• \(iur allciUiMialc iVicncI, •• I.AI A\ I'll v.. " I'llll II' ( 'hi Kill. Ivsi.l. " My sDii. ami LfValli-ii'S lic(» lo lie rctnpmlicrcil lo you. I had llic ploasuir to sec Mrs. ( JiiRiT ami family Iji-fori: llicir ili'iiailiiu- ,i- ilir will liavc iiiloniu'd you, anil would lio liappy lo !ioar ymi coiilcin|>lalcd .1 l.iiiidy |Mily on ilii- •.idc ol ilic .\il.inlii:." KOSCIUSZKO, iroiii ,, :,kL-tch niacje liy himself. II 77/.I DDFJ S h(/S( n S/K() •J71 ¥.<% 'Y\\ MiDF.rs K()S(Mrs/KO -' K.,s.;iuszk,. T,„ieus. rrh.uMn,. , l-,.l,sh ,nU,u„, horn „..„■ Novognnl-.k l.ulH,.,,,, ,. l.,|.nuuy. ,746; dial in SoIotlHun, .Su-i,.c,la,.,l, ()c,„l,er ,„|, .8.7 1 c w.s descx-nded fr.,n, a „oble Li,l,ua„ian lannly, studied at the „ ,h- tary aca.Iemy ,n Ua.saw. and, '' " '" '''""'^'" ^^'•'">' - -' l-aving iKul .en. His Wour Z '' r".''"'' '" *'^""'-" ^""' ^l'"'''-'. .■ied.ts he luKl not \^J^:^:[^^T''''V' ''''' ^''"■-"^ '-«' o'' f.e,.; eric was .ies.ine.l to li " "; ^ :, ;:i;: 'r^^'T' '" ^'"""^^^ ''■''- (iiie nuaheniatician aiul his uholc oh,,-,.; ,. , ^ '"hoius. He was a l^y .l.e sons of poor noblcLn! t Z^^'^"- """'"'' " '"" '-"'">• ■—l and niite French and (Jei lilniself. 1 s Ins te. hnical education he coi e-.d '-" "-"">■, thcrehy eclipsing the Orca.Kr',;;;; soidi:;rAuhe';:ie:;'.r^^^ war of the Austri^i: t": ^zT:' ' r'T' """'■' '"^ •■""^■'- ■" "- «erve,l as hcn.enant and olien rel, ,■ ,'''""■ '^"■'^" ^ ^■^"■-'^ "'ar l.n.kc out he Ko^shach. and helped ::;r;hr;r::;:;:'r'^;'^'^^ '■liosen nunil,erof talented vo.,n,r , m -^" '''' "''^ '"'>^'"« "le "' the ,.ost difficult 1. a e r^ '":':;:''T' '•'■^''^-- l™"y insnucted tenants. ' "'" '"'"'^ "'"^^ <'' H't.- quartennasler lieu- ■'Soon after the ciuse of the Seven \\.„s «-,,■ s, i «erv,ce, for which n.any reasons are ..i.ln ,he -„n "' ''"'""' "" '''"''"'"■'^ I"'>'"i'>«^i.>ly .nent.oned. as well as his nv ' '""""""^' "^ ^''"^''' ■"-'e by even such n.en as i^nc;;;:,;;"""" ^:',"'''i"'« "■''^" -'-pi-n,:;;',^ some of them went ■ but our I,, "'"' «" '" "»^ ''^vil '-and '"-- Henrv of , ih ' ,'":':',"'^^ '"^"'f ' = '■""' ^'-'-1 of the Court o '■"-■ for ten'vears, an ^i, ! 'r^"' '''" : '"-"^-'«-'' !>-• «hich he "■as never a 1 Ills t'ross (suiiietiuu-s '=::.':n:;::Lr:x;'rt;;''"'"^ -n and by h. re,,ues, was buWed w ," ^.t^'? ""■" "^- '"^ laris en route f,.r Kngland • but it w,. V , "" '"'"-'" •'""'^''^ '" -"' ''-• espoused the cause .T , V , ^ ir V:^'"^'^'' '" ^'^ '^ -a. a blow «'euben and after many plans lu ti", ' I"''"'" '"''''''''' ''''' '"-''^ 'o '>- servtces as volunteer',! C n I "'k.:;;""""^'''?;-' '"'■ ^^'-r,ca and o.ler "-s.oners, were then iu Paris d ,1 ' T' ' "'"' "'^ ■•^"-'■'-" ^-'• ' "" "'"'^"f""''''-^-'"-!' Court and salons; n i'!i N bi 270 A tiorx'iiii.i) or \r.isiii\(;T(iy but altliougli anxious to st'cuit' the scivices <■ wIkj came next after these heroes. When it was time for the baron to return to his home on Steuben Hill, the whole household IoiiirhI in l.ne and csroilcd him to >L..^'^ > . • .f^-; ^ •■%''.S^' i*-'; ('.••■'■>' ^an \i P |- 'f,[.^ -4I W' ■ '■'vCic Oil BARON STEUBEN'S RESIDENCE.— " The Pulacc of Logs.' the edge of the t'oresl, which at tiial lime came almost down to the vill.ige. C!hess was a favorite game with them all, and if the battle ( uiild not be ended, the boaril was let't untouched until the iie.xt time. In the i nltivated society of this little Dutch community in Trenton viliag.', or Olden liarneveld as it was often <;alled, he took much pleasure and we ol'leii imagined the olii trees could tell of possible love affairs between the baron and some of the .Nbippas ,ind Vander Kemps, and perhaps both ! He was an elegant horseman and rode all (jver his v.ist estate with all the jileasure of a tearless rider. .1 tiniiciiii.i) or \rAsiii.\(rn)X " rid'ore me on the t.ilile as I write, rests a ( liess or l)aekgamm(iii ln'ard uf rare lieaiiiy nf ilesij^n and workniaiisli ,, whose history carries lis liack to tlu' time when I'lcderic the dreat challenged tlie admiration of all iMiroiie, and when I'russia was at the height of its mililary power and greatness. '1 his cluss board, which foniie lil.AMHNA Drniiv MlI.I.KK. A.V l'Nl'n;i.i,-,iii.:i, i.|.;it|.;k M'.nAmi -J^' o.n^ens dVciire au (;„uvcrnciir de jVr •^i«"L-,. '^'"^ ''^ '■ "■'-•• \ oils i-oiivez nic IVnvoy.v ,,„ur ...'n'inlr"^ '" ^" """-^ '■"" ^'"" ^'""■■" '-" -- -" 'i--l- i"m.n,.. S,„. .. ,„„. „.. _';;;...• XiW ,„n. novo™.. ...nM.,...,.,.,._,„„^„.„„„,,^^ e. .„. ^. ., ,.. .on,.e.p....,;::v;i:;,.::;;:;!;j':;:;:;- ■•" --«- ^^ - To " CuLu.NliL WalKEK,' 'it lioiiiR-te "STKUm-.N. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O <° Ce s /h. Vi 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ 1^ |36 1.4 IIM IIM 1.6 .% ^>y a;^. VI % o 7 # €3 t iv 4v \\ %^\. <^^'; c^^ o ;\ ^^\ ^ fi^ » &X l\ I CHAPTER XII run. 11' \A\ ( ciK'n.ANDT Of Will Ctuthiiul/ Manor )\ r!i " I Ik w.is the eldest suii nf Liciiteiiant-Clovcrnor i'ieire \';in Cuiilandt ;iiul his wife Johanna, (lauj,'hter of Ciilhcrl lavinyslwii, and a gieai L;ran(ls(jn (if Slephanns \'an Cortiandt, who married ("lerirude, tlie daugliler of I'iiilip I'ielerse \'an Sihuyler. His grandfather, I'hilip \'an CorlhiMdl, upon his decease, eniaiied the manor to liis eldest male descendeiit ; Iml his eldest urandsoii, rhili|i. whose father sided with the crown, became a colonel in the iJruish service, and s(j was iinahle to suhsianliale his claim after llie war. " At the aye of filUen he was placed at the C'cililenham Academy, nnder the care of I'rofessor Adams, until at the complelioii of his studies, when he liecame |iroficient in ihe ))riifession of a land surveyor, ("mvcrnor 'I'ryon commissioned him in.ij'ir of Colonel \'er I'laiu k's 0-;inienl, raised on ihe manor, before the Revolutionary war bruke oi:i. \\ hen n came he threw his commission in tlie lire, and, notwithstanding; the earnest rcipiests his family relations, look issue with his lather and espoused the cause of the opponentsof thecruwn. Cio\ernor 'I ryon and his wife visited the manor house in lio|)es of persn.iding the family lo remain loyal ; but findinj,' it useless, left, when younu' I'hili]i olleied his services lo and was recommended b\' the mililarv cnmmitlee, and on ihe iSth of J'lne, 1775, was comniissioneil by Coii^Mess, l.ienlenantColonel of ihe l*'o :'lh lialld- ioii of the New York Continental Infantry, marchini; with it to 'i'iconderopa. Having procured a lea\e of absence, and meetini; W'ashinyloii at the house of his relative, James \'an Corll.indt, in Westchester count)-, he a]ipoinled him at Kingsbridge on liis slal'f. " Cieneral McDougall wrote to Ihe militarv commitlep: ' .\s l.ientenant- Colonel Van I'orllandt is the oldest of that rank. I take it for granted, as he is a young gentleman of family and spirit, lie will be appointed lo the lonimand of my old regiment.' " Wasliington now filled np a commission for him as colonel, dated the _^otli of November, 1776, assigning liini to the command of Ihe Second New York. Regiment, in ()lace of Colonel Rit/ema. He reached his new command at Tren- ton the morning after the battle, when it was ordered to Fishkill, where it as- sisted in the protection of the ])asses of the Hudson, unlil ordered to the relief of Fort S( hnyler, iij) the Mohawk \'alley. When St. I.eger was defe.ited, it was ordered bark, and joined Ciener.d Poor's brigade, opposing the .ulvaiice of IJurgoyne in Saratoga, iinlil his surrender, on ihe 17th of (Ictober, 1777, when it moved down the river to Kingston, which Sir Henry Clinton had burned, just 2HU i! ^^{i' e'a^ -.y <-^ -A>Vj ,p-: ^.r ^,Uf..-^^^.^, riiii.ir VAX roiiTL.ixDT 383 before Ins hasty reireat tu New Vo,k. an.l jun.fd Washington at Whu. Marsh going into winter (inarters at \-alk-y Forgt-. " At the request of Waslungton he rcmame.l in comnuuul of the post at Rad- n 1,1 adelplua was engaged without hun in the action of Monmouth. t ■ejomed It at I'otighkeepsie, and resumed the connnaiui during the winter n te cantonments on the Hudson at New Windsor. In the spring of ti,e e t e ■779, Im regiment, consisting of six hundred n>en, was orde^d to j.n (^ i , h leachel Wikeshane. marching thirty miles throng!, the wilderness m -ty days an.l took part u. the defeat and total rout of Butler's To iTand H.ams lulians. laying their country waste all the way to Tioga He t n b ought his regiment to Morristown. going into winter quarters thcj ' ai U.,^ " on Arnold s court martial at i'hila.lelphia in January ^ Hu h'V'",;",'"'' "'" '''°' ''' '^'■"'«'" '"'^ '■^•«'™'^"' ^«-' '" 'I'e defence of the mitil Cornwallis surrendered whrn I,. , i , » ""^ ""K-'de in the trenches <"' "c„ ,„ ,.>o.,„,rj::,; ', :;;,;":?:,"', '"'™;"' """""""' Pompton, N J ^ ^'" """ ''""" quarters at luiK. i^tgimciit, to (lovernor CleorL'e Cliiunn ..t i> , i i tired to his home. ^ l^"nton, at I oughkeei.sie, and re- New York A«e,„l,l, ,„,l s,„ .; "'I>1>>»". He wnecl .,s a member „r Mie o,„6,e., fro,,; ;;;'',:it ""'"" '" ""■" »•■-'-»• --i i-i^' i™ «.„ i„ m' iF » it t 284 .1 (lODCIULD OF II l.s7//.\V,VO.V " For many years he servcil as treasurer of the New York State Society of tlie Cincinnati. He ilieil at his resilience, in tlie eiglity-second year of his age; and tliis great and distinguished veteran's remains now lie mouldering in the private Iniryini; ground of the family, near tiie old manor house, overlooking the most ])icturcs(iue and romantic portion of the Hudson." Extract from " The Society of the Cincinnati," by [dHN Siiuvi.iR, Secretary. ^^A^'oK oi" Cdrti.anut, lotii day of April, 1748. "1 do hereby Certify that 1 jiave agreed with Salonu)!) linrtis for tlie faini where Ricii'' Roads did live on fur him to enter upon iV to keep for his lifetime at the Rate of four I'ouniis ten Shillings a yeare, payable in money or County I'roduce yearly. If he should Incline to Dispose of said farm then he must ])ay me, such a part of said Disposal as we can agree upon — Witness my liaiul '• I'llil II' Cl)KII.ANIir." VAN CORTLANDT ARMS. -.--VU Jit.^.' ■MMr IP mmsams^SB^ GERTRUYD VAN CORTLANDT. .688- . -1777- ->,SV) -^ 'di-X-^i. /./..IIKS FliOM AllorST lUtOKS OF ,1 COl.uSIM. DA. MIC LEAVES FROM THE ACCOUNT HOOKS OF AX ORIGINAL COLONIAL DA.MK .■lu/// of dnii-r,!/ Sriiiiy/n- '• Tl,e magic influence of Colonial .lays asserls iiseir in this latter part of the nu,eteenth century, an.l we treasure as never before, the possessions, and the traditions of our ancestors. "U'e imagine then, sitting in our old carved chaus, pouring their n.ulled wine rom our tankards, and sipping the. Bohea from our handleless teac.ips "How much more vivi.lly are they pictured in our imaginations, when'we find their written words in fouled ink, on paper, yellow with age-some letter or diary, that gives us an insight into their nuiuner of life and way of thinking! While searching through old papers, in the interest of a Colonial tiame of to-day, we find the quaint old tin,e record of one, who was born more than two centur es ago, and one, who, in her dav, was a belle an.l a bea ,ty "When the Colonies were young, the H.morable Siephaniis Van Cortlandt Kul seven spngh.lydatigluers, wh.,, with their brothers, ma.le life bright in his home; all beautunl, sensible, and .levo.e.I to each other; all greatly admire.l a:i. in time each .named to men of high stan.ling i„ the colonv-n.en .,f s..ciai an.l political power, a power that many of their .lescendents wield to-,1 >y " One of these seven dan,sels, C.erlr.iy.i by name, w.s a person of nuu h .le- c.sion of character Although very young when her father died in ,700, she grew to be her mother's adviser an.l helper in the household, nnast.^aiui it was a .liflicult matter t., impress her teachings .,n this gay yonng "In .726, three years after her mother's death, she marrie.l Colonel Henrv neekman the son .,f the C.„onel Henry Heekman. wh., owned many th.,usa d acres, m I Ister and Dutchess conn.ies, about whom a story has been often tl 'JHM A (iiinriiii.i) or \\:\siii.\irroN r i's, that (lining liis lil'ftime, ii boy asked a Diiti li farnu'r in I'lster idunty, ' if there was land in the niuon ? ' his answer was, ' (Jo ask Clolonel Heeknian, if there is, he surely iias a patent for most of it.' 'i'he records of the Reformed hutdi Chnrcli in New V'ork, chronicle the births of two children, a boy and a giil : " • flertrnyd, born March 17th, 1728. "' llenricus, born l)ecember 7th, 1729.' "Nowhere else is there any mention of them, so the little lives must have been very brief, an2 6 6 3 9 4,!i 6. '^'TV •i'.Ht A aoix 1111.1) or wAsinxaroy 1, t iiMi lit, « ■ >;: To I, oaf SuKRar '• 'I'lii' lti. for yc servants , . . To Si)«iii>; for yc slaves .... " (,liiiii.rs iV lout; pepper . . " Meat Howcr e),'(;s \ lireml . . '• Tlie Canoe " lluckweit " riie Sniilli mending ye pomp . " Uliu', slardi Wool I.inu' i,S: s.uid Making 2 licdiK .... l)r Uennis lor Tliom . . . A sliirl for 'I'liom ... Uuni for tile work people MelasMs ,V: liier Wale l)one < ii'eses . . . Turkeys, .V t'ranberrys One Kock for ye j^ale Sheet Lead bt of Mr. liayard 1 ilay's work to K Hrevoort 2 liHsli lime 1 While Wa^liinK linisli Market vS; Scroliliin^,' brushes I Halt mollur jiresenled to I )r. ( 'olius pd Caihveis Wood \ riding; 1 qrof liief Venson s. r" V*'' 'Wj , ^iiai^ftiilitai HMMMMMIMiMiWi'J. 6 2 9 /■////.//' r.lA' cilHTI.ANnT .^y, a.ul saiwl. fuuiui so ..f.en ,.n ,l,c lists, show ihat it must have l.een a neat house "Gertruy.l seems to have bee,, very cons, ientious in her deahngs with her "Other, every cent receive,!, and expanded was recorded, and whe,t in 7 the ,lear mother who hud been such a heroine in ha- .h.y went to her o.u r " i rest, (followed by nearly f,ve hundred people, a very W u b t.me.) she made a careful list of the fune al ex, enses, as fXw " '"'' a To llaiiirl Ciuliiifor inotl,ci\comn I ^ lo he ''.Moh rhun-cl, f,,, ye^,,,vc^lH.ll,inKing.' \ \ " .liiiiies WeKh lor 1)(| lingjiif, , *- *> ,3 " The fiuiicli lii'lj liiif-ei- . . ' " The I'diIcis " .Ml-. Shoi-l f,),- len.linf; tlic liui'ial ■ ' " M.ii-y Tliciii.,,!, f,,|. i,.|„liii^, (he Imi-ia " .'^ii'-aiiiia \\\\U for- ^;la^•.es A I'll C'laiiily fi),' inaUiii 'I'o .1 spice. U, iiioiiriiinj; o a moiiinini; s„i| of c,a|,f \ Tafety ' ' " ' ' lo il'i for Mstei- Kli/alieth . ^ To silk X- filoves To I „f .,il|i ...,', \ \ To Kar(inj;of -, |!ls wyne' . . ' ' ' To cash |>,| [ohn Sniitli for CaiKlles A) Cash pil Waldroii ye liakcr 011 his acct •7 18 12 16 10 6 14 '3 4 4 2 6 3 6 3 9 And I St , should he forgotten wl,« h,„l done honor to her mother bv attending her funeral, she p,epared a list headed •R,.,.,,fr, / Geertruyd v,„ LWthvnlt over la.le /V 1^ V,. ^'"^'""f ^^y^' '""">""•'''''■ ■ ■ I'l'ie—inmo Aovemhn- amio 17 2J,' and he- counts, and after her marriage to Colonel Henry li.Jkn.an ,w Junet l.uingston) she found another and a diffeieni sphere of "she was a mother to h' • • should receive at his death keep the family ac- hose fust wife was SI.. «s . ,„o.„„ ,„ „„ ,„,„ „„„„„::;:^';;-;»;r ;^^;-^^^_^ ^^_^ *" I''^""> ";y "lills at Rl,inel,ccl< yea,ly 2 1,1,1s line llower. " ' i liarrels lireail. "' 2 han-ols Indian Cnrn nieel ^::j:rr;,:';i,:-,i-:-:;--— :»-^:^,^;;,i - alive. , as whui I s\; " The one half „f the f„rnitni pleases a^er ,ny .lea.h and';, ^ ^^ ' ^7' '" '" T^ "' ''""' "' '"^ '''^'--" "^ - ^he my Kstate dnr.n,- Inr ..ilt- i,' Vie , , ! I ■';:"' ^' ^'°° ''^ "'""'"' '° '^ I-<1 -' °' .1 lioixiiii.n or ir i,s///..(,'/y(.v " He also allowed lur U> dispose of her own esi.'.ic and personal i)roperty 'as she pleases.' " Mrs, Heekinaii left a paper wiih the followmi; iiistrnctions in addition to her will : '• ' There uuist Ik.- mourning rini^s t'or my daughter- in-law , Mrs. I,i\ iiigsion and Kai h of her daughters I'',aeh one, tor Mrs. llawes one. lor eaeh of my e.xecuiors one, for the I'all hearers Ivuh one. '• ' The ring on my linger must be lur I'.li/alieth who now tends me, for Mr. and Mrs. ("ockroll, V,.\c\\ one, for Coil. Stuyves.int one, for Ivieh of my Daughter Livingston's Sons, Ivieh one ; what 1 h.ive given Mrs. Ciage 1 desiie it to lie made in a piece of plate with my name on it. '• ' f"i! inut VOT IlrlKMAN.' " Mrs. Tiage was the wife of General Hage and the mother of \'isconnt Gage, she was Mrs. Heeknian's niece and Ciod-daiighter. (Jertruyd Heekniaii lived to see her eighty-ninth birthday, and although childless, she liay her great great great-niece, CATHAuiNii T. R. Matiikws. •■ *!' ' ti'iiiii^'-J!SE mmammmmmmmm 'mmtm ^S Tin: r.i.v ('onri.wnr Mi\(ii! //'Tsa; 2U3 VAN CORTLANUT MANOR HOUSE. Till': VAN c:uR'ii..\M)r manor house Crotoii oil Hiuhon " Near llie mouth of the t'lotoii river stands the C'ortlaiult Manor House, late tlie residence of (leneral I'iiilip van Cortlanilt, but now ( 1S47) in jiossession of Colonel I'lerre van Cortlandt, his nephew. Tliis veneralile mansion was built soon alter tiie erection of the manor by Joliainies van Corllaiidt, (jldest son of Ste[)lianus van Cortlandt. lirst lord of the rn.inor of Cortlandt. The basement story still ret.iins the old einbr.isiires for fire arms, and the steep llight of steps in front, powerl'ullv reminds the visitor of those sanguinary limes, when its noble owiu'rs ni'ver knew when they were secure from the inri;ads of the savages, but in proportion to the strength and security of their habitations. The fror.t commands the most extensive and beautiful views of ihe Croton b.iy and Hudson river, with the addilion.d interest of a lawn and neat ganlcn, l.nd out al the foot of the buildnig. It is sliellered on the luirth by a high hill io\eri-d with luxuri- ant forest trees. The approach to the house is by a road formed on the banks of the Croton river. "The entrance hall is adorned with seveial slags' heads, tlie only remains of that wild race which anciently spread from the Hudson to Connecticut. " 'I'he library contains a v.ihiable collection of books, interesting aulogra|ihs and old letters : among the latter an original letter from (leucral Washingion, dated Moinit \ernon, April ,vl. 1797. to Mrs. Clinton, near which is the follow- ing, ' Mrs. Washington ])reseuts her compliments lo .Mrs. Clinton, ans,n-y of cargoes, at a sal.iry of thirty guilders. "Of this individual, the historian of New Nelherland remarks, ' Oloff Steven- son, or OKiff Stevens van Corllandt, as lie sulise(|nenlly signed his name, left the 1648. On becoming a freeman he enil)arked in trade, lie was Colonel of comiianv s service ni mill a hrewerv i n Ni Unstei'dam, am hecame weallliv. the liurghery, or City Train iiands, in 1649, in which year he was also ap- pointed one of the nine men. He was one of the signers to the remonstrance transmitted to Holland against the administration of l)iie(tor Kieft, and the highhanded measures of Direc tor Stuyvesant. In 1654 he was elected Schepen of the {."ity of New Amsterd nn, and m >f'5S ;ipi)o in ted li urgomeester, which oflice he filled almost uninterruptedly to the close of the Dutch gove; nment. ] lis jilace of residence was in ]hduwer straat, now Sioiie street. He had the character of being a woilhy citi/en, and a man most liberal in his charities.' ]iy his wife, Ann Loockermans he h issue — seven children. — Stephanus, w 10 marnet Oerlrude Schuyler; Maria, who married Jeremias van Rensselaer, Catharine, who married Inst, J(jhn Derval, ami secondly, Frederick Philips; Cornelia, who married Hareut Schuyler; Jacob, who married l",va I'hilips; Sophia, who mar- ried Andrew Teller, and John, who died nmnarried." "Sle])hanus van Corllandt died in the year 1700, leaving by his wife Ciertnide Schuyler, eleven ( hildren, who intermarried with the Del'evslers, Del.anceys, Heeckmans, Skinners, Hayards, Johnsons, \'.in Rensselaers, and Schuylers," The beautiful old manor house. — with its surrounding glens and woods now consisting of six hundred acres — is still owned and occupied by his tlescendants. t .£!l TUK I'.I.V coin LAS DT M \.\SIOX 297 VAN CORTLANDT MANSION. I'HE VAX CORLTANDT ^rANS10N " Curtliuult house, the ancient residence of tlie \'an Coillandt f;imily, staiuls ill tlie vale behiw, alunit ime mile north from Kingsbridge, on the road leading to tlie village of Vonkers. "Jacobus van Cortlaiult, the first of the name wlio enjoyed this estate (eight hundred and fifty acres) was the second son of the Right Honorable Oloff Slevensen van Cortlandt. Jacol)us married l''.va I'hilipse, daughter of the Hon- orable Frederick I'hilipse of the manor of I'hilipsburgh. llesides the Vonkers, Jacobus \an ("orilandt was a landed ])ro])riet()r of the town of Bedford, in this comity. " Frederick van Cortlandt, only son of Jacobus, married Francis |.\y, daugli- tcr of the Huguenot, .Vugustus Jay, by his wife .Anna Maria ISayard. "Upon the death of I'Vederick van Cordandt, i2th I'tbriiary, 1749, the estate devolveil by the will of Jacobus, Sr., to Jacobus van Cortlandt, Jr., eldest son and heir at law of I'Vederick. This inilividual, better known as Colonel James v.m Cortlandt, nobly used his influence (whde residing here during the war) in ameliorating the condition of his suffering coimtrymen. It not nn- fre(|iienlly h.ippeiied that a jioor neighbor was robbed of everything he possessed ; upon ap|)licati()n to Colonel van Cortlandt he would assume his red watch coat, and mounting his horse ride down to the city, to intercede in their behalf. He seldom a\)plied in vain, such was the universal respect for his character. " The inesent mansion house, a large edifice of stone, was erected by Fred- I ;i \% •298 A aoDcni.n of washis'oton erick van Cortlandt, A. I). 1748 ; it forms a noble oltjcct wlien viewed from the lawn. Tiie situation coniiiuii.ils nearly tiie whole length of the vale of Vonkers; stretching south, the view terminates only by the high hills of New York Island, and Heights of Kordhani. The pleasure grounds in front, ajjpear to have been laid out in the ancient Uutch stjle, with high arlilicial banks, adorned with rows of stately box, venerable for their height and anti(iuity ; while below are still visible the remains of olil fish ponds and jets d'eau. Above tiie old-fashioned windows, grim visages in the shape of corbels seem to frown upon the beholder. We suppose them to be a kind of ' genus loci.' " Two eagles sinniouiit the posts of the old gateway facing the stables. 'I'hese were part of the spoils taken trom a Spanish privateer during the war; and pre- sented to Augustus van Cortlandt, by Rear Admiral Robert I'igby ol the 15ritish navy. To the east of the house, the Mosliohi (Tippetts brook) pent up by the milldam, forms an extensive sheet of water, which is greatly enricheil by the vicinity of green meadows, orchards and neighboring hills. South of the jxind is situated the old mill. " During the early period of the Revolulionar)' war this house was gairisoned by a pi([uet guard of the ("iieen Yagers, whose officers held their head(piarters here. " His l'",.\celleiicy. General Washington, and aids, dined in one of the apart- ments on the memorable July of 17S1, when the British i)i(piels were driven within the lines upon New York Island. In another room the inifortunate Cap- tain Rt)we e.\piretl in the arms of his bride elect. " I'o the north of the mansion is seen rising \'ault Hill, so called from the family sepulchre, which is seated upon its summit. It was upon this hill that Cieneral Washington stationed his troops and lighted camj) fires for the purpose of deceiving the enemy, whilst he secretly wiilubow 10 join I. a Fayette before Yorktown in \'irginia, A. I). 1781." In 1889 the properly was purrli.ised by the City of New ^■ork for a public park. " Placed in the custody of the Colonial Dames of the State of New York by the Board of Park Commissioners, for a term of twenty-live years pursuant to an Act of the Legislature in iS^u. " Opened as a public nuisetim by the Society of Colonial Dames of the State of New York, on May 27th, 1897, the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the landing of Governor Petrus Stuyvesant on the Island of Manhattan." i» lis i V i ^' 1 1 'i iliM mea^yf- Tin: M.txoi! or viiii.u'siivnaii 399 ri^^sk^^^. PHILIPSE MANOR HOUSE, Yonkers, N. Y. THE MANOR OK I'l IILU'SISIRGH 'I'liu I'hilipse f.imily — cDiitiolliiit;!)' idciuirii'd with \'i)iikers, N. Y., from 1672 to llic lime (if llie RfV(OuUoiiary war — sprang frmn a noble house ul ]5oheniia. " I'he spelling (jf the name was F-e-ly-ji s e. The earlier generations, we are tohl, were Hussites, and their descendants continued lirm in the faith. The fainuus Thirty \'ears' war, which broke out in 1618, and at'teruard involved the peace of all Western Ivirope, started in IJoheniia. The lioheniians rose for liberty, and this introduced the conllict. The wildest persecutions followed. At least thirty thousand ISoheinian families sought refuge in Saxony, Sweden, Po- land, Holland, etc. IJolton says the furthest known back ancestor of the ^'onkels Philipse family was the w idow of the Right Honorable Viscount I'hiliiise. She fled from Hohemia, taking with lier her children, and whatever of her jiroperty she could carry, and settled in I'rieslanil, somewhere between i6t8 and 1626. Among her children was a son Frederick, who, after settling in I'ricsland, mar- ried Margaret Dacres, of England. " In the \ear 1658, Frederick Philipse, (having jirevionsly obtained the con- sent of the Stadtholder and States General,) emigrated from Ivist Frieslaiid to the New Netherlands, carrying with him money, i)late and jewels. Upon his arrival in the city of New .Amsterdam, (as New York was then called,) he pur- chased a large estate, and soon became one of its wealthiest merchants. On the 9th of February, 1658, Crovernor Sinyvesant granteil certain lots within the City :■*■ i MINIMI r I' • [I ^ :ioo A aoixnii.i) OF UAsinMirox of New Amsterdam to Fre'--• "■ ^•'-■'- -i-te.l „,eol.l ..,a,u„ fe.ture of 1 e 1 nhpscs a port,,,,, of the ,na„or again reverte.l to a connection of theanaen n,m,ly ; Ja.:ol,„s van Cortlan.lt. having „,arriai. .69,. Kva I>1 i "• da.^H.ter oi the 1 lono.ahie F.e.lerick I'hilipse, f,rst lonl of the ..anor An Ammcan gentleman wl,o vis.te.l the g,a,„l old Cathedral at Chester Im,.- a,ul .n .869 relates: .-The guide was sho.v.ng „s around, tellin, 'a . t n thn,g and that ■„ pa,-rot-l,i al and he sa,d : Mice lies huried the body of F.e.lerick Philipse. who 1 n A mer.ca; and whe,> the A.ner.can Revolution h.oke out he was e er 1 .y h.s ^L,esty, to h,s country and to his government ; he owned a vast u C e Hu.lson; there ,s now upon that estate a village called Yonkers, old n,anor house ,„ whi.h F,ederi,k Philipse live.l still stands in Von I ^;"'^^- N"-. Frederick Philipse, by reason of his virtues w.s w-dered to be buried here.'" (Ahiy, 1785) Mnues, «as Through the efforts of the Yonk:-,-s'" Il,s,o,i,.:,l a,„l Library Association the ancent n.anor hall and grounds su,.,.ound,„, i, „. ,0 be p.lserve a representative of the feu.lal system that was established in America TIIK OI.I> tlll-Rcii AT sMlPV Ilol.l.ow In this church, (e,-..ct,.d two h„ndred years ago), so the legend goes " did the ^ it^le h : ; r' "" T" ^^"--"-'^"-riedlyac.osfthebnd ; : gal ery o the church, an.l, ,t ,s said, that in the minds of the s„nple Dut. 1 folk, he d,VKled the hono.s e,,ually with the dominie. The ol.l cl h opsone aijd furnished with the habilnneuts of two centuries .^,t' bout w„ch centres a g,-eat amount of legendary and romantic itrat , o le beaut.ful and historic country in which it is locate.I. It is relatcl I t Veedryck Kel3,.sen. or Fre.Ierick l-h,l,pse,as his Kn^lish neighbors ' I h -- l.u.ld,ng the church on his manor of PhiHp.sbu.-g. he'dela e t .' u - he had completed the foundations, in order to build a , Ian i, te, Il-e dan, be,ng finished, a freshet ca.ne and washed it awav. The per t, -s repeated with no better success, a,.d in his distress Philipse was ^ r Pleted fi s ,f the dam were to stand. The advice was followed so the storv runs, and both the church and dam remained for manv years The | L ^ ^^ been placed n, as near its original condition as is possible. Many ha,, s hue uere taken on after the revol„t,on, m accordance with the new democratic Ill ine old church dnr,ng the s.im,ner mo,iths." V Mi A unlxilll.l) OF ir |.s///.V(./'o.V I ■'t PUII.ll' VF.R IM.A.VCK cy/ I'iin L'oithvhit Manor "He was tlie second sun of Jacobus Ver I'lanck and Margaret Sclmyler (a romtecii fatlicm oil Mack \vam|Uiin Kinhly fatlu'in nil white wampum Two amkcis nil' Kiiiii Vive half f:UN ( valM oil" ^l^ull^; Heer Twelve Sliirl'i Fifty rouiuK off I'owder Thiily bars off Lead KiKhteen Hatches Eighteen Saws I'oiiileen Knives \ small Coat Six fallieni off Sirniitwatcr cloth Six I'r. off Slockins Six Karthin JuKg^ Six tobacco boxes "Stephanus \'an Cortlandt subsequently obtained a patent from the Crown for this and adjoining land, bought also from the Indians, whiclt together went to make up ' Cortlandt Manor.' 'I'he manor covered the whole of the upper part of Westchester comity, and e.\tended from ' .Xnthony's Nose,' on the Hud- son, to the mouth of the Croton river. The area was eighty-six thousand acres. By a law of the Province of New \'ork tiie manor was given one Repre- sentative in the Legislature, a position which Philip Ver Planck held for several terms. PHILIP VER PLANCK. 303 /•////.//' ,•/,/,. /./..I ATA' ;„,,-, " li'lorc il,e |.:,rtiti.m of the Van LWiLuhI. Man,,,-, I'Inlip was shcrilf „f M- bany cun.ty. Several of ,he wr,.s iss,.c.l to hi.n arc s..!! ,.,csctvc.,I. A-non. .< .luu ...Inncal con.mon law ac.„.n, nut on.iun.K the Casual Kja Ir an.l U,c l.c s.nt „ J„l,,, x,„ ,,,.„, .,1,^. .,,,|,r„ion an.! no.i.t- arc endor.se.I ' ..n ,! ■ purveyor (.encral, apponmng Philip W,- I'lanck of the- Ci.v of Aliuny Cent ;.- . n.,. Lnvlnl ,,.p,„>s ,or sn-vcyinu ..f I..n,..s.' Th.oM .locuni^, ^ |1 1- lun.hvn.n,, o, Cohlen. an,l has his seal atladK-!. I'Inlip was nu..lj n ; ',■;:' ?r^ ;'■,'''''''•'''• '^^^ -VanUn^h-Jauthon.ya In, T '"" '"'^ "" "'^- '■•""'"'^^'"" '■""' l--'t still .,c- ene.l an.l now n, the possess.on of M,-. |.|,i|,,, y,, ,.,„„,,, „,- ^. .M>. \ u [ Ian, k l.aving placcl all the papers at n,y ,l,sposal ••1 h,hp see.ns to have l.el.l the ortiee of sheriff of Alhany nnt.l as late .ns . r ,.nc., fo winch the su.t was onlere,! to he institute,! against hi,n ^^^^__^. inhp was also a partner of his half brother, l.lwar.l Collins, in Albany. U,r Mnvl"';'-L""; '■'''""" '';"'' """ '^ "" •"^•"''■*^ •''"^'' Amstenlan,, ..th u.u.M,.. mNew\o,l<, forthefskan.lac-o.n.tofl-lnbpVerPlnuk of Ml n.v 1 ^^^ ''''''''- '•'^^^''"t tar t,onui,c present stean>b,,atlan,ling,,f the l>.,,n, :;:;-r:;::i'-sr::^;;;- are still preserve,! \n in,..,- "'.'' '""■'^^- "'^ "■''" '"^ ■^"'^•^•.vs an,l „,aps F.;,»-.v .: ci,;;;; N,;,, v;,r "' ""■ '"""""" '■'"■"'• ^ »i"' '■$ ;iu6 -■1 doncnn. > or wasiiixi.tox ' for tlif ciiiiioyancf of ilu' (.■nciin mikI for sccunnf; and preserving the Six Naliuiis (if Indians, ^- ='■ * and lur eiigagini; iheni lo enter witli ns into tiie war against ilie ffrenili.' Instruetions frmn the ("lovcrnur, (leorge Clinton, were also f;iveii ti) I he Ne« \'ork ('(ininiissioners. Meetings accordingly were had witli the commissioners iti the other colonies and a plan of action unaniiiioiisly agri'ed upon at New Vovk, Sepiemher ;S, 1747, by the i onimissiiiners troin New \drk, Connecticut, and Massachusetts H.iy. It was resolved : '1, That an expedition lie formed and ( arried on against the ffrem h at Crown I'oint for the reduction of that forlress. 11. That it will be necessary that four thousand men (officers included) be Raised, with as many of the Six Nations cif Indians and their Allies as can be oliiained to carry on the said exiiedition * * * jnid that those troops be at Albain b\' the 15th of \|iril next.' " 'I'he French and Indian war dr.igged on with various successes and defeats ,ke for the I'jiglish. In this war I'hilip's sons, J.niies and John, each took ])art. "The mis acre of the laiglish prisoners at l'"ort William Henry, on La George, in i 757, aroused the people of New \drk to the gravity of the siiualion. The government called on I'hilip Ver I'lanck to convey the troo])s up the I liulson. .A tew of the accounts of the masters of the sloops are still preserved. They ,ire ill the form of vouchers, which were audited in 1757-58 by I'hilip \'er I'lanck and John Criiger. Some of these are entitled ' Fxpenses of Carrying the Forces toward .Albany from the Manor iif Cortlaml;, Westchester county, at the allariii of l''ort William Ileiny.' I'rom them are taken the following items: I I I i 1 4 1 4 14 1 3 6 2 1 9 '4 ; 7 Slii.iji R.iiigci' Calcli 1 l.nix for cinying Men lieiiij; absent S ilaycs al iS . 7 » (iiKKl Intent jaiMili l.onl S Daves 7 t) .Shei'ii fioiii I lailiol Strang 2 4 liu^liels Wlioat, gnnmii .<: li.ikcl Dan'l liinl^all I To |i)se])li Traviss tor Kiim I'nr tlu- SuMiei-. ti> Alliany 24 (;alls at 5 ... . 10 Ills Sugar al 171I KxpiMiscs on Hoard the Slon|i 1 171) Ills pork at 51I ,J " I'hilip was himself the owner of a sloop, the Clinton, which he bought in 1740 from I'ieter Winiie, of .Albany, the bill of sale of which is still preserved. Iler name does not appear in the list of slou])s which went to .Mbany. Of the Clinton, John A"er I'lanck was mastv'r. He sailed in connection with the business of his brother James, who as a civilian hail a general store al Cortlandt Manor, from which he supplied his father's household, his tenants, and the other people of the neighborhood. The sloop Clinton remained in the family as late as 1772, for her name appears in the inventory of Philip's estate. " liesides the different occupations of I'hilip already described, he sat for several terms in the Legislature as the representative for the Manor of Corllamit. Sever.d of the cerlilicates signeil liy the Speaker showing the number of days at- tendance in the Legislature are still jjreserved. He was also one of the Ciov- ernors of Kings (afterward ("olumbia) College, being nanted in the charter of ! ill /'////.//■ (7,7,' l'/..l.\(h- .,„_ .754, whid, c-han- he l,d,l unhl Ins .Ic.h. Plnlip h,„l lar^e l.uulc-d n.lercs.s in mcl.css comuy an.-..bable . onhseation of his p.ope, ty. ' „is dea.h. ( ...obe .77., spared h,m all .h,s ms witV had d,ed prev,o,,sly, V,.. Sep,e,,,i,er ;: .,66. ihey were b„r,ed u„h other n.en.bers of the tannly in the ,a,n,lv bui a g.on,ul at Lor, an.lt Muun: In the next , en.n, v when the pn.penj had , .... o the .n. y the bod,es we.e r.n,.,ved toS,. , loose's c'n,Jter. K:IIZ Afte Ins la her s death Jan.es, ,|,e eldest son, took possession of the .nanur l.oiise and the other properly uiven him by the will "In October, ,77.. the year after James' a.vession to the manor property he received a le„er .ron. Plnhp Sehnyler. ,n Albany, ,n whuh he says th , he w s prevented wr,>,n, before on aeconnt of his • .e, ent ,11 health * '• J „ . .e ..Ue,,t,o,, I was nnder of a neeess„y of payn.g ,0 the (;overnor when he : .ye. lie th n a.lds tha, he .sends ,he letter by the hand of his bn.iher Rens- elaer, an.i w.th U a ,leed of a p,eee of land • of whieh I beg leave to desre your aceeptanee as a sn.all aeknowledge.nent of the n.any obligLo , e ' c... ...ebyyouandtheotherlhanehesof yonr.a,n,lv. * * * '"« ^"'.ruted " ' I ai,i Dear .Sir Vonr affectionate Kinsman .V Il„n,ble Servant " ' To " ' I'liii.ii' Sim vi.iiR. " 'Cl'l.o.MI, jA.Mi.s \|R I'l.AS.K. " 'at his seat in the Manor of Cortlandt ' " e«l'!"'sir;!' ;;' '""'!'," '■" '''■""" """ ""' -'■ "-""' '■'"•"< »i"" f-ii..- .„= V, :,,:,„; " ■■ ""'""' "' "■' '' ""■" ""'".'V i.y vv „„ E,i,v„,i 'nn; vkr pi.a.nck iioisr " \lnl \ r (,i I lAx '• . // fidikill on flu- lluJu'ii •• Dnrintr iii ■ I I ;?0H .t atiDcnn.n or w.isiiixaros \'er I'laiick property was llicii in cliarge of Samuel \Vr I'laiick, acting ns fx- ecutor of Philip \'er Planck, its late owner, who had ileviscd it to his son, Philip, then in his minority, ai.d living on the homestead at the nulls near I'lsiikill Plain?, with his atnits. " Criilian \'er Planck, the first settler, was born May _^ist, 1698, am! ilicd Novenibcr iith. 1751 at "three o'clock in the morning very suddenly.' Il;s remains are interred in the New Dutch Church, nil. Vi,K ri.ANCK HOUSK.-' Mounl Gulian," •' 'I'he will of nulian makes the first reference to Mount dulian, but not in cunneclion with Kishkill, for thai name was not then api)lie(l to ihis ncighhor- Imod. The house was ver) iMdlialily used as a country residence by (lulian. ■|'o this theory a good deal of force is given by the allusion in the wdl to the old house. It seems to have been fully furnished and the farm equii)petl by the owner, wliich would not be the ( ase with farms on leases for long terms (ir for life, as was the case in those f the soldier's ambition, and which, in but 'oo many instances, was all that they might transmit as a visible, actual inheritance to their children." (leneral deorge Washington, of \'irgiiiia, was tlie fnst president general of tlie general sociely. Generals Schuyler and Hamilton were both members of the society. 'Die former was elecled vice ]>resi(lent of tlie New \'ork Society, 4th of July, 1786; the latter was vi<:e ])resulent from 1 ySS to 1 79^. and |)resident general on the death of Washington in 1799, until his it of m.iny of its memljirs. On this occasion the Cin- cinnati were welcomed by the late William S.unuel Ver I'lanck, who then owned the property. One of tlie features of this visit was the reading of the Declara- tion of Independence by the vice president in the Cincinnati room, as h.ul been done one hundred years before on the foundation of the older." 'I'he late Hamilton Fish, president of the society, on ai count of lameness caused bv an accident, w;is unable to be jiresent. The report of the si)eciid cunnnillee appointed to take charge of the celebra- tion closes with these wcjnls : " .\nd so, this meniiirable day ended, without an accident to mar in ihe slif-'luest degree its enjn\ineni. If, as Dr. Julmson said in that well-known i)as- sage — ' That man is little to be euvied whose p.itriotism would not gain force upon the jilain of Marathon' — what ought to have been — what were our feel- ings — the representatives and descendants, in visiting the sput, the birihpl.ice of our society, w'herc, une hundred years ago, the ofticers of the Revohitumary army, as true paliiols as ever honored humanity, founiKd an association based upon liberty, union, frieudsiiip and charily, as the closing act of eight years of uneipialled fortitude and devotion. Isverything served to heighten these feel- ings^the venerable house built in 1730, wiili its ample hall, oaken lloors, paneled walls, geuerous wooil fnes. nuich as they were in 1785 — the old ante- revolutionary trees surrounding it — the ])resence of the noted family, owners of the land from the sevenleenth century In Ihe present lime — and, abnve all, the endearing Rev(ilulionary memories, more than suflicient to rouse us trom that ' frigid indifference,' to which Dr. lohnson refers wilh conlemnl in the jiassage allililed to. AVhat wmider if moistened eyes and a ipiiet biil deep inlerest per- vaded the parly assembled in that old hall, as we read from the institution those principles, simiile, but earnest, in which, under the pledge to ea( li other of their ■■i in ■:z:^M^^;s^iii3^mL i i iiii w i MW MMBiWMiiPi i ' ii j i ii i ngr i f ii iMi i piMtwi l iHBM PHILIP VEH l-LAS'CK 311 sacred honor our fathers declared their unalterable devotion to liberty, union brotherly knidness and charity, in that very spot ' "In tl,e providence of God, it shall, as we trust, be permitted to our succes- sors to celebrate at the end of another century the formation of the Sod ty ri-s bne record w,ll at least sho.v them that in our dav we were not .mmind ful of what was due to the u>emory of the Founders - NEW YoKK, 4th. July. .883. Al.x.s-..k Ham,.to.v, Chairman. M .pp^T CHAPTER XIII Pl'Uloli 1777-1 790 " Ik tliC military life of (leiu-ial Sciiuylfr," continues Chancellor Kent, " was inferior in brilliancy to that of some olliers of his countrymen, none of them ever surpassed him in fidelity, activity, and devotedness to the service. The characteristic of liis measures was utility. 'I'iiey bore the staini) and unerring j)recisi')n of practical science. There was nothing complicated in his character ; it was cliaste and severe, and, take him for all in all, he was one of the wisest and most efficient men, both in military and civil life, that the state or the na- tion has produced. " He continued during the remainder of his life to be eminently useful in the civil departments of government ; he was one of the commissioners from New York in 1784, and again in 1787, to settle the boundary line between that slate and .Massachusetts: the difficulty dei)ende(l essentially on the variations of tlie magnetic needle, and the perusal of the correspondence shows that he executed his trust with great iiuhistry and skill. " He had been elected to ("ongress in 1777, and he was reelected in each of tlie three following years. On his return to Congress after the termination of Ills military life, his talents, e.xperience and energy were put in immediate re(|iiisi- tion ; and in November, 1779, he was a])pointC(I to confer witli General \\'ash- ington on the state of the southern department. In 1781, he was in the Senate of this state ; and wherever he was placed, and whatever might be the business before him, he gave the utmost activity to measuves, and left upon them the im- pression of his prudence and sagacity. He took a zealous part in promoting the adoption of the constitution of the United States, and in 1789, he was elected to a seat in the first Senate ; and when his term exjiired in Congress, he was re- placed in the Senate of the Slate. "July 19th, 1790, the Legislature of New York api)ointed Cicneral Schuyler and Rufus King, United States Senators. In the National Senate the former ' took decided ground in favor of Secretary Hamilton's funding system, aiul the creation of a National Hank.' " U f' The two following letters liave never apjieared in print. " Ni.w \'oKK, 2^1 M^iy, 17110. " MV lll.AK I.OVK : " I soul you yeslciihiy liy Capl. M.irscllis, six Icibslcrs, nnd six in.n Kcr.il, willi a ni|iu-st that if he luid not a speeily passiif^c to boil llio former, and to salt tlie l;Uler. He also hail charfje of one dozen oianjjes, and one do,^en lemons ; fruit of that kind is at prcscnl very scarce. I shall send you a further supply as soon as any arrives. \M HifiapMMMH J'K/iio/) 1777- nun 3i:i " Kxc..|,t a little cuKli, tl,c. remains of the i„llue„/a, I nm ■„,«• t.erfeellv well I joice.1 to hear that you and the family are so ' ^ '' "'"' "'''' '''- _J- H..ns lorKot to carry the cartot .ee.l o,. Loar.l whicl. Johmty wrote H.r. , .hall se,„, it to. •■ l':nelose yoi, a lilile nniskinelon seed from ISaron I'olnit/ Tl„. ,1, Kood one imleed-we did no, Re. i, until Friday las, ^'" ^"' •"" ""' '^ ' "'>• " U.e bill for f„ndin« the del,, will he eom,,le,e,l in the course of neM ,veel n.d C , :" jr:;;;::^ ^•"- ' ""■ '^ *- "- - • -' ""-- -- --':"::' :::sn: .ii:":;;z;:r;:rt:i;:;:^:;"" - "-^ ^--- '^ '• -^ ---" ^' - ■ -.."^...ce .:::;;::::;::i:/;,?;r:::-i;;;:7;:ii^^^ yesterday n,nrni„« is well, and desires her respects ,o yo'l ^^-'""«'"" "l.o.n I saw " Ihe eh.ldren are all well, and join me in love ,o you and all the fannly. "Adieu my ilear love " To ^^rs. Schuyler " ' '"" ^''''■''' >""''' •ineclionately, "nearAIh'any. " I'H. ScHUvi.ioK. " Kree Vh. Schuyler." " Mv DEAR I.ovi-: : " ^ ■■■"■ ^''""'' '^^■^■''"'^"'•ly, July ,4th. 1790. "I was in hopes that when the question of the resi.l,.,,., r ,■ the public busines.s would not hive me, «l,l, " "''n.e of ( o„f;ress „.as seltled that .ations, and my wishes, too a , .,,,,:""• 'T ''"'''''' ' '""• -""->■ '" "'> expec- (br ft,ndin« th/deb, on he Se r 1 .""r'"" :,""': " ""'• '"""^ '" "^ «--"^ "- Raseu.ents of the fornrer Co "a' 1 'Z7 T^ :, '"'• '""""^ """'^''''"^^ ""'• "-■ - and a fourth do not wish ,01.7^1 nM •'"'°"""« -">■ f™n'e.- cen,. in,ere.st_ i-l-ible to Buess at the e v^ '^il ,„ r""!"''^ "' J-"""« "'■'"'-^^ ^^ - ""erly •..in. us ,0 an ul.i,ua,c 1 ecis , , a: ,Z,; ""■ n ''" vf"' '' '''' ''"^-^ "'-'• '--«' will he ,he resul,. ' ' '^ somelh.nj; ld y -. -^ with vou. ' ™ • "' "'■'•' '" "■'" '"^'■'^ •-'"'I J<.i" in love ,0 u,u an.l all " I am. my Dear l.ove, forever, "most affeclionatily yours. " The post is not yet arrived and as " ''"""' ^'"''"■i''<- " he will Ro ou, before I can .ceeive anv I.e„ers " -tl. which , may be favored, F tnus, close bef.'.re I ,<„„w if he brin« any for n,e " lo Mrs. Schuyler, " near „ "Albany. " Free. '' " I'll. Sthuylcr." m ill j: i' :iii A i.diiciiii.i) (IF u.tsiiixaroN RUFUS KINO A/i .hiiniidii Stiiti.'iiiian Riifiis King, statt'sitiaii, hdin in Scarborough, Me. in 17 3.1 (lied in N\ York City, April H), 1S27. lie was the ehlest son of Kit hard King a siuif.is- fiil nuMchant of S( arboruugh, and was graduated at Harvard in 1777, having conlinuei! his studies while tiie college buildings were occupietl for military ])ur- poses. lie then studied law with 'I'heopliilus Parsons at Newbinyport. While so engaged in 1778, he became aide tu General Sullivan in his e.Npediiinii to Rhode l-.land, and alter its successful issue was honorably disi harged. In ecially in defeating against i)o\verfiil opposition the as- sent of the Legislature to grant the live per cent, impcist to the Congress of the contederation, which was reipiisite to enable it to ensure the conuiioii safety. In 1784, ])}■ an almost inianimons \iite of the I.egislal'ire, Mr. King was sent a del- egate to the old Congress, silling at 'rrentoii, and ag.iin in 1785 and 1786. In this body, in 17S5, he moved ' that there should be neither slavery nor involun- tary ser\ilude in any of the states described in the resolulion olCongress in April, 1784, otherwise than in punishment of the crime whereof the party shall have been persoiuilly guilty ; and that this regulation shall be made an article of compact, and remain a fundamental juiiu ijile of the constitution lulweeii the original sl.ites and each of the states named in saiHn||!MaatgWHI^^ *^ &v!iiSH£3«Ssvi»»'^'^ RUFUS KING. Sh- Iec: vn f I .c^'^ '. L<» ,J.o£SL^i I B Hi nt'Frs Ki\>; :;i7 tiil);iU'(l f;if,illy to bring about its liiial a(i<'|ilnMi Mr. King liad now givun np IIk' praclicc of law, and liaving in i ySfi uiarrii'd M,ir\ , ilii' (i.n.jjliit r nl' Ji'lin Alsop, a deinity from New Vork to tiie lirst dmtincntal C.'ongrfss, W tm.k ii|) his rcsidfiice in Nfw N'ork in 17KS. 'I'lie next yt-ar lie was ficiltd to tin- asscniiily of tlic state, and while servinj; in that bcidy ' received the inicxampled welcome ut' an ininiediale election with Sciuiyier to the Senate' of the Uniletl States. In this body he was rarely absent from his seat, and did much to put the new government inio successful operation. < >ne ol the grave i|utsii<'i.s that arose was that of the ralifuation of the Jay treat} with (iih h.iil liiiriied the caiiitol. In 1816, v\ithdiit his kiidwledge he was iidiiiinated as (loveriior of New V'ork, Iml was del'e.iied, as he was also when a candidate of the Federal party for the Presidency against J. imes Monroe. I luring this senatorial term he o|)posed the estaiilishinent of a national hank with Sjcooo,- 000 capital; and, while resisting the el'foris of Gre.it Hritain to exclude the United States from the commerce of the West Indies, coiilrihuted to bring about the passage of the navigation act of 1S18. The disposal df the public lands by sales on credit was found to be franglii « iili nnu !; danger. Mr. King was urgent in calling attention to this, and introduced and carried a bill directing that they should be sold for cash, at a lower ])rict*, and under other s,ihitary restrictions. In i8ig he was again elected to the .>^enate by a Legislature that was opposed to him ill iiolitics as before. Mr. King resisted the admission df .Missdiiri with slavery, and his speech on that dc casidii, though only brielly reported, loniained this carefully ])iepared staiemtiit ; ' Mr. President, I apjjroacli a very delicate subject. I regret the occasion whi( h rentiers it ne< essary for me to siieak o( it, because it may give offence wlu'ie none is intended. Hut my purpose is fixed. .Ml. I'resident, I have yet to learn that one man can make a slave of another. if one man cannot do so, no number of individuals can have any better right to do it. .And I hold that all l.ius or compacts imposing any such condition on any human being are absolutely void, because contrary to the law of nature, which is the law of God, by which lie makes his ways known to man, and is parainount to all human conirol.' lie was e(|ually ojiposed to the compromise offered to iMr. L'lay on prim iple, and bee aiise it < onlaincd the seeds of future troubles. I'lion the close df the senatdrial tcnn he ])ut u[)oii record, in the Senate, a resolution which he fondly Imped imghi provide a way for the final ex- tinction of slavery. It. was to the effect that. wheiie\er that part of the jiublic debt for which the public lands were jiledged sliould have been ])aid, the \n\t- ceeds of all future sales sliould be held as a fund to be used to aid the enianci- jiation of such slaves, and the removal of ihciti and of free ]iersdns of color, as by the laws of the states might lie allowed, to any territory beyond the limits of tiie United Slates. His ])urpose to retire to private life was thwarted by an i ■iti>aMiii II I ■/■•IS kl.\(/ ;ii!i .rKH,, ,nv„;mon ,n,n, Jol.n (.,nn.y A.l.m.s, u. ,8.5, ,., accept the n.i.sion u, .rc.t lin,,nn Mr, K,n„ reluctantly acquiesce.! an.l sailed (or Knylancl where he w ,s .unlK.liy receue.l. i.ut alter a lew tnonlhs he was ol,ligai through la.hn« heahh, to niiuii homi.. *' ^ ''His wile, Mary, horn u. New Nuk. October .7 7^9. -i.e.! ,n |an,a,.a N. \ June 5th, ih.y, was the only .laughter of John Also,,, a men ha'iu an.l . n.emher ot ,he ( ontu.cual Congress fr,..n New \ork. an.l n.arnnl Mr Kin. n. New \ork .,u Mar.h .,o.h, .780. He was a, ,l,al n,nr. a ,l.^l..gau. from Mas^ sachusetts ,.. the Congress, then sii.ing i„ ,ha, ...v. M,s. Kn,g „as a la,5 v ' f ren,arkah le heaniy. g.-mie an.l gra.ious nuuu.ers. an.l w..|| .ulhvale.l ,n,n.l an.l a.lornol the high s,a„o„, l.o.h in Kngland an.l at h..n,e, that her hnshan.l's ofti- c.al posiMou ami lluur own so.ial reflations entitle.l then, to o.-.-upy. The Imer years ol her hfe. excep, while in Washington, were passe.l in Janmi.-a. I,. I.- ' ,,, „ "y I''-* Ki'iiHlson, Dr. Charles R. King. fni'op;::;:;;! ';;;:'•" •" ""^^^ '"^ '-' --^ '— -'e^-i"«='.^..ns, power. " The ..riginal sketch says ' . arrying,' hut the present corre.tion is made by the nuthonty of ] r. CIkuU-s R. King, who wrote the sketch, but failed to cor- rect the mistake when it was published."; :wi) .1 noncim.i) OF i \siii.\(;n)X Mf)Rr.A\ l.F.WIS A Si'^iifr of the Di'ilaration of /ii(/r/led with his company to co\tT .1 pa;'y of ciii/eiis, who, after nighif.iU, were engaged in removing the arni'-, oidinance ami military eiiuipmenls from tiie arsenal on the l>,itler\-. The ".-\sia," a Ihilish ship of w.ir, lay nearlv abreast of the arsenal, and Major Lewis was specially instructed to prevent all iiilercoiirse between that ship and the shcjre, wl'.le the workiiiL; p.ulv w,is liigaged. Scarcely had the work ol ieiuo\al commenced, when a boat was discovered gliding slowly, with mullled oars, within musket shot of one of the sentinels, who, alter hailing se\eral times without receiving an answer, fired a shot ovt r her and ordered her lo conu' to the shore or pull out into the siream. No attention was juid lo this, but a mii.iII blue light iv.is e\hibite ' vV" w inr|ii|i«i'»iH>l"" '-.'- •V()ll<;.\.\ LEWIS 30- crcdited to Genei-al Lewis. „n .ho l,o„ks oi the tr.asn.y, but u.s never re,,ai.l to him. ll,e unfort.u.aie prisoners were relieved, Inw very few ever knew the som-ce whence their rehef came. "The following letter is a specinien of others received by Ca-neral Lewis and shows the confidence felt m his willingness to e.vert himself in the canse of the untorliinate : "• Dkak (;i,n,.;ka,_I„ a,nse,|«cncc of .-,„ „„l,.i,,,,y i„isuiulcT.s(,n,„lin« rdntivc to tl,.. ex- bange o p,,s„„e,s hav,.^ taken place between our governn.ent a„,l ,,i.s iL-ellency ,1 io - en.o,. ,„e Cana.l,-.s, .e have heen refuse.l ou, parole. We p,ocee„ in,n,e,lin.ei;, , , feoMK . If .Liiknevyloses upon me here, I l.ope you will not ,l,i„k it .,,0 n ueh trouble o in lune for „,y .lear l.t.le .laughter, now at .Miss Hall's scl.ool, i„ ,„e City of .New 'Jsee tbat n,y nan.e does not sutler in i„e adjusluient ofniy afi.i.-s witl, ,l,e ^.overnnienl. ' " ' \'ouis sincerely, " '(', \'a\ i,|.: \i,nii;k.' "The condnsion of the war of 18.2 found General Lewis in Ins sixti-th year 1.1. a ho,„h his public HH. was now endetl. he still had beR,.- , tl'u ) >ea,s ol active and happy private life. L, ,779, ,„. ,,„, „,,„,,■,,, p,^,^ nude, the .laughter of Robert Livingston, and sister'^Robert R : E d^ ^ Livings on who were successively ministers to the Court of Lraiue s l-v,s died at the age of seventy-six, aHer a union of l^.ty-Hve years, lul , ; c.a s fam ly .lurmg this period, although it then numbere.l thirty individuals Age increased rat lier tlian .limiiiished General Lewis' taste f!,r reading. „e K. ad. y interest., stu.lent of the liible, and the copy which he liabhually ' ,'■ " "^■"■'•;7.'' -"-"'--I'ly scorched by the flame of the caudles close t" "iHeh he was obliged ,0 hold il. He studied the Old Testament closelv n Hs beat-ings upon the sul^ea of slavery, and he showed his conviJi , ^^ , ■nstitution couhl not long continue in the United States by refu! g^ous otters to invest money in southern plantations. He had long b^n i 3 -d he xN'ew lestament in Greek, and in his later life he learned the I e le w 'n order to be able to read it in that language ;::7,;-;i;:-::::;::r;-;;;— — ^^^^ 1- ;»..ny years be presi.led over the Historical Society and the (rdc f tlieLiucinnati, and held the ('trintluence, and forlnne more thu, others .0. """ cises in order to .lo their country ser .e hn ■"""'" ""'""■-^' ^""- 1;:;: !:; =::;"r I ~T-T F'-^^^ »i:'r,r;;s:::':r;,::!;z;:;;::,:; ?,r '""'■' -- - llri.i»h ,,a,li„„„u „„,,„. ,|,c .Mi„i, ; , ; ^ ' ' "I''",'""' "»™""' "' "■= .!» art r : r :r:;,";;" "•■ '^"'■■"' '■""'™* ■• ■■- -i -' ; ' "-e or :;;:';;,„';'„:'r;:t ,;;';,„:;ir ,:::r'T.;„r -'t I :i;io A (loixiiii.i) t)i- ir i.s7//.V(,/y).v 1 i 'M I coiuxMiicnt mart ; and were it oilicrw ihi-, wi- must he (le;iil to every idea of jiis- tiee, li)st to all leeiings uf lumiaiiity, tc ild we indidjje one liiongiit to seize on itli id raise our lortinies on tlie ruins ut our sullerinj; nci yiiborh t'olonel Pickering was one of a connniltee to inesi'iit tins address \\\ iKrs ^M ^H ,' .* f^- . ^;-:'. :::;:■::: iJ H HP ' ^ ?tFS^B H [ ^^^ ^H .-^^H ^^^ .' ^^^^H B^.:-';'^^'V w^ JMI m^^ ; M <^ ^.H-v--.: '-'jT^^l^H ^HB" E ^ — '^^^1 L^^B j^M hHI n ■H OK|/^|HHr^ hI^^h ^m BB ^^^H JHj B^ Hiii^' ""^"^iflNHPCw'^^M^^^H MRS. PICKERING. .>'..'' KsiaAua I] i»*' r I i i-l; iiii SiSm mM lVl.().\i:i. TIMOTIIV I'lVKKniNO 333 fio.n fleiiL-ral \V.,sl,in;^ton t., accqn tl.e office of A.ljulant CcMR-ral of the Army UasluMiit.,,, a.l.lressci a letter to Congress recommeiHling l.in, to that position :" " ■ (;i;nti.kmkn: •••l,„„,e.lia,cly o„ ro.-.i,,. „f yo„,- rosnlvc recom.,..n,1i„« .1,. ..mce of A,lj„.a,.t (.u ■,.! I . .. hllol l,y a «c.,„l..„,, f al.ility and „„.u.|,.c.nl aUaclnnaU l„ our cans.. I .-.- c. in ( „1. 1„„.„ ,y l.ul<,.,i„K "I Massachusc-lls. Tliis choice I was i,„|ucc,l to n,l.,,„ r,.,„. c IK cluuaccr I a.I ,„ l,i,„ iMl, a> a Kicat inililaiy «c„,u.s. cuhivatc.l l,y an in.lLiiou, """ " ''^ •''■•' "f "•'"■• •■""' "^ '■> «^'"tlcman of lil.cal education, .li.lin,„i.|,cd .eal and yrcal naMl.od and adivily in l.usinos. This character I had of hin, f,„„, ..nllenun of nieril and di, Unction on whom I could rely. "MiKij. \V.^^ll|^l;|(,^.' "While in this office Colonel Pickering fonne.l part of the iniiiiaty family of tu. Cominaiuler-in-Chief, an.l chiefly .luring ,i,is campaign on the Ihulson. the heaiUiuarters being at Nevvl.urgh. lu the battles of l!.aiMly„ine ami Cer- "unm»vn Colonel Pickering was at the side of Washington or carrying orders '" tlie liehl. lu ,777 he was made a .mmber of the Hoard of War, together wah (.cncnil Cates, Ceneral Miftlin and Richani IVters, On the resignation 01 (.eneral Creen, Colonel Pickering was a,,poin,ed by Congiess, Quarter- master-Ceneral of the Army, which .lifticuh and arduous office he held „i,t,| the smrender of Cornwallis at ^■(.lktown. •'After the disbanding of the Continental Army he became a resi.leut of Ihiladelphia, and m ,790 he was made delegate to the convention for revisiim the constitution of Pennsylvania together with Thomas Mifllin, Thomas Mckean, William Lewis, Albert C.allalin, James Ross and Samuel Fit/reaves At the instance of Colonel Pickering a wise aiul benevolent provision was iu' serted ,n that constitution; namely, the establishment of free sclunds 11, that "From the year ■790 to 1794, Colonel Pickering was charged bv President nasinngtonwith several negotiations with the Indian Nations 01, om- frontiers jn a joint commission with Heverly Randolph of Virginia, and Ceneral Lincoln' In 1794 he u.,s appointed sole agent for settling our disputes with the Six Nations ot U estern New V.rk. Parkman, the Historian of the Lulians, tells us hese nations were all iuclude.l in the tribe of Irocpiois ; and furthermore adds tl'a lemale sullrage prevailed among tliem. Civnt .lelav was occaMoued in .mikiug this treaty as it took the wo.neii and chihlren three weeks to reach ainte.l I „st where tiie council was to be held. Red Jacket was the orator at his coun,:, and there was a full , ection of all the principal chiefs. Two Ii.dians had been killed by the whites and this was a great grievance to be assuaged by presents ami words of conciliation. It was eiuled satisla.tonl v ^le hatchet buned and the calumet of peace smoked. At the close of the war' Colonel hckermg was appointed by the Governor of Pennsylvania to organize he county of Lucerne. For this purpose he removed his fa.nily ,0 the beauti- f I valley of Wyoming The disputes between the settlers from Connecticut and those from Pennsylvania were ripe, ami the former were in open rebellio.. M i I j ill I m 334 .1 (iOIXIIII.I) or WASIIIMiTdX against llic slate. A ci'iiip.iny tcniiifd in ( 'innifcticut called the Siisi|iichaiiiia Coiiipaiiy, had induced settlers to go iVoin that state, claiming the land in the great liend of the Sus(|uehaiina helonged tn ('(innecliciit, they having pure hased it liiini the lialians. The [iriuie agent ut' the Siisiiuehaniia L\>ni])any was Je a traitor to pn cure the liherl)- of an innccent m.iii.' riiis repl\' angered liirni to such a degree that one of their niimlier e.\claimcd, ' Damn him, why don't \(iii tomahawk him.' I luring his capliviu of neaily three uei-ks in the woods, ihis pro|io->iiioii to ,isk lor the |i.irdoii ni' l-i.inkhii was Ireipiently a>ked, but alwavs receiving a jirompt and decided negative, they '"'■lally rele.ised him. after h.iving carried him fori y four miles Mom his home, on thv ])romise that he umild ask the I'.xecntive to grant their pardon. This they did not wait to recei\e, but most of them took their departure Uir the Slate of New \'ork. On their way thither one of their number was hied on by the I'ennsylvania miliii.i and niorlally wounded. The famil\ sent to Mrs. I'ickering for a winding slieet, which she gave them. " 111 ihe year 1794. Colonel Pickering was drawn from his letireinent in the valle\ of Wyoming by his appoinlmeni liy Washington to the office of Pc si master-Cieneral. The seat of goveriimeiii was at Philadelphia. 'I'hisoffne he held niitil .'vigiist, 179;. when on the resignation of (ieneral Kno.\ he was ap liointed by W'.ishingtoii, Secretary of War. There was no Secretary of the Navy then, il.i duties being included in those of the Secretary of War. During his administration of ih.it office, the lliree f.imons frigates were biiill — the Con- stitution, the Philadelplii.;, ,iiid the ( 'onslell.itioii. Colonel Pickering had much to do in eipiipping and arming these vessels am! alwa\s took great interest in our warshiiis. One of his sons was a midshipman with Commodore Perry 011 Lake Mrie, and also sailed with Comii. idore (then ('.iiUaiii) l! ratiir, on the Philadelphia. " In the year 1795, on the resignation of .Mr. lalmuiul Randolph as Secrctar) (VUKXKI. rnioriir nrKKiusn ;j;,r, of State, Wa.sl,ington gave Cdonel n.-kering ,l,e ,cm,H,nu y cl.arge of that office. Somelune before tl.e ,„ee.,ng <,f Congress i„ the following December, the I'resi- .lent ren.iere. h,m the office of Secretary of State. This fro.n unaflecteci d.ffi- ■i-ue e .lecbned. ,i,„ as soon as Co,,;ress asscn.bled, wuhout speaking To Colonel hckenng aga.n, he non.ina.ecl Ion, as Secre.arv of State a ul he was onnnned by the Senate. He contnM.e.l in this office nn„l the year ,800, wh h was remove, by Tresulent .A.ian. and was succeeded by h. lifelong b, end Um.rslir ''■ ^ '"""^"'' "'" """"■"•' '"^•'"■^ ^"'-'- J'-''- '"■ '"e -•Shonly aUe,Ml,is by the solici.a.ions of his fr.ends n, Massachnsetts and h . pu ch.se o l„s lands ,n the valley of U yonung. he returned .0 his native 1^n^ 'T',"' "'''^'■"':'^ ''''■'•■ ^'f'- "- «l-l> •"■ Alexander Hannhon, cha".d u!e!n! " ' *"'"""""' '""''"""*^ "" '""''^"'^- "''" ''-' 1'"^' "In .So^ Colonel PiVkering was elected by the Legislature to fill the un- x- rued tern, of Davigne F„.s>er in the Unae.l S.ales Senate. In .So, he vr ag.nn elected to the Sena.e lor six years. At .he exp,ra„„n of this ,enn he was engaged m the pursuits of agncuhure. ]n this occupation he was much u,!er- tsled an.l was ,he founder of the agricultural society in his .state ; its president an. wn.e nuny .duable papers on the subjeC. I le also nUroduce.l the cul.,.; . H„ kwh..a m An,er,ca. In ,8,4 he was elece.l ,., the lU.use of Representa- tiNesaudheldh,sseatnn,dtheyear,8,7. Thus en.led his K.ng .-areer of public service. It ,s .sale to say that no n.an ever hel.l as n.any publi,' offices in the gift o Unshington as the subject .,f this memoir. The Irien.lship ihus f.rme.l c ,n! .;ued ui,br.,ken .luring „„een ,...,. .,f constant ass.K.ialu.n an.l .■orresp..n.lence H.s offic.l lellers .„ U-ashing,oii ... h„n when Se.re.ary of Stale are sigi'i yours snuerely an.l affe.iionaielv C Washingion. ^ _ "Tl>e exalted palnotisin of \Vashing,.,n is thus set f.mh by (,:ol.,nel I'uker- •ng .n ,h,s an... .l.„e. just as it fell fr..„, his lips : • V.u men ion the C. n I's ..uanimny nn er .he ....res, end.arrassnien.s an., disastc-s. ,n this I e.,;:^; "' ",. J.ut I on,e s,,w hnn .,v..,,.„u,e wi.h great g.,.,.l news. The .aba] H .he armyembra....! ,nany officers, an.l is un.le,sto.,.l .0 luve h.ul ..„ns, l' e s,,pp,.t anu.ng nrembers of C.,iigress. I, will never be k -n h.,: , t 1.^' or ,r,smxaw^ ''"■'^'^"■"-'. Thev\v. "'""'•">• A horseman ,.' ! ""^■"' '^ *^""'-vs f.r ="»! accost )„m ' f "^"" "^P''^'^'^ '"'-■• J'.IAeTw ' "" ""^^' """^'^d -'» "- "p,,ss.„;,. o s / T^'r "^ ■•^'«'"^--"<-i. 1 Ik ,";'"""' »-"-. but passe Tt "T":'" "' ^''"S")- -.1 hLe " ' ""\'^'"^^ "^ '"' --- I- -other's an i f . "f.""-^^- --J'-yed at a uc'o ■ J,, "'" ";-'' "^ --I ' '"""■'* """"O' (and r.hmk F-«*^ "■; V="-;n ,8,7 Randolpi, e.pre Led himse Ih" 1 highest offire^ nf f, \ , ^ ' ' 'itbonons service and in the amen.ed tl,e false sense of honor wi,ich indeed Hannl.o tc " ^e cln^^^ .ie..nd his person from assassins, that llJd.d no^ ^ h„ ^ ''"^ ^ " reason was consistent with his character o,,! .1 , r , , ^ ^'"' ''''' e-inen.ly rel„„.us „,an. l):.. X be '^ .;:::,;; '"^"f "^^ '" ^^^^ "" prayer and sent it to her in order Th, ,| u.u Ir \ ' '"'"''"''"' "'^ in their devotions On ., . ' "' "''"■' "''■>' '»'«''' ''^ t^R^'l'f'- his wife : 'I-lara„on o, peace he thus conch.ded his letter ,0 I)e resulted to ti'b^^r ''T f "''' '""'^'' '" '"^ "^'""^ --' ^^^ ' ^l-" onr souls t Cr^ , ^d i "? m ^'^" ''?" °"' "" «"'^'"' ^^^--^ "^ calamitous war (If,; ^" '""''"^ "'^" ''''^^ '"-""K''^ "« t'^rongh a ".ir. 01, ! for a country deservini; of such blessings 1 n,„ r 1 • .racous even ,0 the unthankful and unjust. L mercy e'S ..Iter i:! ■ J.- VIT-^ w S38 A GODCIIII.I) OF WASHIMITOX pi' altecl be his name.' The answer to Wasliington's address to tlie army at the conchision of the war was written by Colonel Pickering. He relates that when Washington began to deliver his address which he had written out, he paused (while taking his glasses out of his waistcoat pocket) saying 'Gentlemen will permit me to put on my spectacles. 1 inive not only grown grey but almost blind in tiie service of my country.' 'riiis remark witii the mode and mannei of saying it drew tears from the eyes of many of the officers. " Toward the latter years of Colonel I'ukering's life he was requested by the family of Alexander Hamilton to write the life of that great man. He had col- lected and arrangeil the materials and was about to commence writing it, when taking a severe cold, (from going to church on an intensely cold day) i)leurisy developed, which ended his life in a very few ro()f of the confidence of Washington than the sentiments of this lettir? " To the abilities of Colonel Pi( kering his state papers bear evidence. Presi- dent Monroe said they had seldom been equalled, never surpassed. Disinter- ested in public service, pure in his life, simple in manners, benevolent toward the poor, tender in his domestic relations, constant and faithful in his friend- ships — he died revered and honored by those among whom his life was passed. THE PICKERING HOUSE. Tin: ricKi.KiNi; house " Tile Pickering house in Salem was built in 1651. and is now inhabited by the ninth generation of that family. It is kept in good repair and with its pointed gables, and low ceilings, is a good suggestion of the Elizabethan age. .'\ pear tree in its garden, planted on the day of the battle of Lexington is still m bearing or was two years ago. " The remains of Timothy Pickering and Rebecca his wife rest under a mas- sive slab of Quincy granite in the old Hroad street burying-ground a few hun- dred yards from the old mansion." Hy his granddaughter, M.\uv K Pk ki kini; Donaldson, March-, i8()6. ill li' I ! ^ .. In r CllAl'TKR XIV A PATTI.Ar VOVAC.K IN 1 796 Catharine V. R. Scmvi kk was the youngest and favorite child of General Schuyler, by wiioui she was always called " My Kitty." During his olil age "she was his traveling companion, and constantly enjoyed the refined society by which he was surrounded. Although the stirring scenes of the Revolution were passed before the years of her infancy were numbered, her intercourse with the great and honorable men of that generation during her youth anil early womanhood, brought facts and circumstances so forcibly to her vigorous mind, that their impressions were as vivid and truthfid as if made by actual observa- tion." In 1796, she accompanied her fatlicr to Oswego with a view of visiting the falls of Niagara; but, arriveil at I'ort Ontario, they failed to obtain trans- portation and were obliged to return. It was an arduous journey of two weeks through a region which a Pullman car now traverses in four hours, regardless of seasons. They traveled by bat- teau.\ — rudely constructed of logs and planks, Lroutl anil without a keel. They A BATTEAU. had small draught, and would < arry large loads in quite shallow water. When the wind was favorable, a sail was hoisted. In still water and against currents they were propelled by long driving poles. The Hat boats on the southern rivers are not unlike the old batteau.\. They were sometimes furnished with a mast for lakes and other deep water, and cabins were erected on them. Mrs. Orant in "The .Vmerican Lady" gives a pleasing account of the trip which she made in 1759, with her father and other officers. " Never, certainly, was a journey so replete with felicity. I luxuriated in idleness and novelty ; knowledge was my delight, and it was now pouring in on my mind from all sides. What a change from sitting down pinned to my sampler by my mntlur till the hour of play, and then running wild with children as young, ai\d still simpler than myself. .Much attended to by all my fellow travelers, I was abso- lutely into.xicated with the charms of novelty, and the sense of my new found importance. The first day we came to Si henectady, a little town situated in a rich and beautiful spot, and partly supi)orted by the Indian trade. The next day we embarked, [>ri>ceeileil \ip the river with six batteaux, and came early in w fsg^ar ''"\'' ,™^, -»V diLritbl"" "'n'"; ""' ^'—S scenes ,„K„inable. where For. l,en- the Mohawks. Ihe cas.le o. th,s prin.inve .nona.ch stood at a little dis.an.e on a r,s ng ground, surrou.uled by palisades. He resided, at the time • l--e wh,ch the public workmen. wl,o had latclv budt his n " 'b en ..rdered to erect for him in the vicinity. \Ve d,d not fail to w'ai't , i majesty; who. not choosing to depart too much from the custo,^^ o estors, had not permitted divisions of apar.n.ents, or mo.lern rn u,r „ " ^ne ,s new d«. ing. It had the appearance of a good barn, a-u l^d : j D t^el V T^ '" "" ""''"'•• ^'"'^' "-"''-k' -'- '-1 indeed a •^ KING HENDRICK. to n,y compr^L;;:;:: waf p^^;;:,:"'^ :t '-'v^^t-^'^' "-" -•- '"■^' heanl him de.scrii>ed as a g^er ' ^ r i.^ , Tl' ,"" """'"'^'' ''^ ^'^'^''^ Ids frien.ls : the cinncfer of 11 "''"'"'• ;^"-' ''"•-' ^^ '"« enemies, an.l kind to on ignorant ig u n e , ! ^ ?""'""' '" '"^^^'^ "" •^'^^"'-' ""P--'- head, and oniered me lit I b set '""'"" ""'"'' ^'^'''"<^'' "'3- kindness of his son with d e.^' ^' 7 ''"l'' ""' """' '^ "" '"^'-'- ---^p^.-.cemorearde;n':d:Li:;::;;'^--^^^^^^^ r" |H i n ■I 341i ,1 i!()i)( 1111.1) or ]\:is]ii.\<;t()X out of the royal presence dverawed ami delighted, and am not sure but what I have liked kings all my life the better for this happy specimen, tu which 1 was so early introduced. Had I seen royalty, properly such, invested with all the pomp of F,uro|)ean magniticence, I should possibly have been ciinfused and dver- da/./.led. Hut this was (juite enough, and not too much fur me ; and 1 went away, lost in a revery, and thought of nothing but kings, battles, and generals, for days after. "This journey, charming my romantic imagination by its very delays and difficulties, was such a source of interest and novelty to me, that above all things I dreaded its conclusion, which I well knew would be succeeded by long tasks and close continement. Happily for me we soon entered u])on Wood (reek, the most desirable of all jilaces for a traveler who loves to linger, if such another traveler there be. This is a small river, wliich winds irregularly tlirough a tleep and narrow- valley of the most lavish fertility. The depth and richness of the soil here were evinced by the loftiness and nature of the trees, which were hickory, butternut, chestnut, ami sycamores of vast circumference as well as height. These becanie so top-heavy, and their roots were so often undermined by this insidious stream, that in every tem])estuous night some giants of tlie grove fell prostrate, and very frequently across the stream, where they lay in all their pomp of foliage, like a leafy bridge, unwithercd, and forming an obstacle almost invincible to all navigation. The Indian lifted his slight canoe, and car- ried it past the tree, but our deep-loaded batteaux could not be so managed. Here my orthodo.xy was shocked, and my anli military prejudices revived, by the swearing of the soldiers: but then, again, my veneration for m\' father was, if [jossible increased, by his lectures against swearing, pro\oked by their trans- gression. Nothing remained for our heroes but to altack these sylvan giants, axe in hand, and make way through their divided bodies. The assault upon fallen greatness was unanimous and unmerciful, but the resistance was tough, and the process tedious ; so much so, that we were three days proceeding fourteen mile.s, having at every two liotu's' end at least a new tree to cut through. " It was here, as far as I recollect the history of my own heart, that the first idea of artifice ever entered into my mind. It was, like most female artifites, the offspring of vanity- 'I'hese delays were a new source of pleasure to me. It was October ; the trees we had to cut through were often loaded with nuts ; and while I ran lightly along the branches lo fill my royal basket with their s])oils, which I had great pleasure in diHtribiiling, I met with multiludes of fellow-plun- derers in the squirrels of various colors and sizes, who were here numberless. This made my excursion amusing. Hut when 1 found my disap[)earance excited alarm, they assumed more interest: it was so fine to sit (piietly among the braiu hes and hear ((uicern ami solicitude expressed aboiit the child. " I will spare the reailer the fatigue of accomjianying our little tleet through " • .\iitrcs vTst anil ilescrt-- vvilil ; ' only observing, that the magnilicent solitude through whicli we traveled was i h^^iri^r'^YWiSSiisai^M^lm A liATTiCAV yuy.ui/-: ix una 343 much relieved by ,l.e sight C Jol,nson Hall, l,eautifully situated in a plain by t c nver; while Johnson Castle, a lew miles further up, made a most respect- able appearance on a commanding eminence at some distance " We traveled from one tort to another; but m three or (our instances, to niy great joy, they were so remote from each other that we found it necessary to en- camp at night on the bank of the river. This, in a land of profound solituug^U us to Lake Ontario and Fort Oswego, our destinecUbode, Z^l^^ haul one : we had people going before, breaking the ice with paddles, all the wa) . * * * * J, o. i I iN Ml A riiii.i) or w.isiii\(rr(i\ " I (aiiiU)l (juil Oiit.iiK) wltliuiit giving a sligiil hivcli h dl tin- maimer in whicli It was tii( iii)if(l anil giivenic'il while I was llicre aiul afuTwani, were it Ijiil to give yuiing soldiers a liinl liow tliey may best 1 ise tlu'ir time and resoiiiies. so as ti> shim llie indiilenee and eiiniii tiiey are iiHeii lialile to in siicii sitnations. 'I'lie I'ifty -fifth had by tliis time aajiiired several l-'aiglisli officers; but with regard to the men, it might be cunsidered as a Scotch regiment, and was indeed originally such, being raised but a vi-ry few years before in the neighborhood of Stirling. There were sin. ill dilachincnls in oilier forls ; but the greatest jjart were in this, commanded by M.ijor (alleruard Colonel) Duncan, of Liindie, elder bidther of the late Lord Duncan of ('.ini|)erdown. lie was an experienced ofticer, pos- sessed of On """"> i''"''s.n.slamln,inll,c house; I, d„w , he- mill is lh« |,.r's house wh..,-,. . , '" ""■ """'"■ ■ ''^'l"^^' 'III I'ORT JOHNSON. '''-ewmH.on,,o,es..i,:;;!s: : ;:::;^:;;;,';''V;'"*'■■"■;'^ ":'>-» — also as an a,lvanee.l pu^.' ' s , V ^ i'T'"' '"■-"'-""■"' K'ven ,-,e,lil for L-vat milinrv skill ■. , J"l"ison " «as never i-iKuinK with ln,l,an: 2:' :;:;r '■■^'^■'■■■>'V''''' -— MH.r. m 'iisc:i,.line.i troops holdiv into ^; 'X T'l " '"■"• "'"' "' '''^"''"^ i'"v. ■774. M.ued sixty years.- ' ^" "'"'"""" "^'"' -' "-■ "'I' "f ■I''- -.tie is s„ll standing, a s„hs,ant,al speennen of that pern,,!. fORT PLAIN- l;l,(HKII()l'.SF. •■'';:-;;::s;-;:;t:[:;:n'rs;^^^^ — le.! an extensive s.eep I, the va^; o .:;';;; ^ T^'^!' r';' ^*""- "'as Ihnnvn np there l.y the people in the early mn/ , "T ''""""' was erected by the governnu'nt ,r,er , ' ' ' "'"' '"" ""^ '"'"' I""l"' i" the Moha„i and^eiu.:;;: •;;;:::'; "i':;;""^;'-"-;---- -t t.. ...ians ^-s. a.,rX siyle, as the inigiiial. Tliu souiuliiif; Imird anil paiii'ls in front are liandsiimoly painletl in iniilalion of inlaid wmk, and llic whole lias an cliganl apiKaiani c. " A few rods wi'sl of llic cluirch was llic hngc slone mansion of the Ik-rki niir lannly, wliii h was stockaded and lalled Fort Herkimer. Anninil this, and llie (iunili, llie hiinilih'r duellini;s of ihe larnieis were eliisk'ifeiicral |i'hn Slaiiw i\, who came to America 111 175(1, as colonel of the liisl li.ui.ihoii of ihe Si\Iiclh Kmal Americans, w.is sent li\(ieneral .\lieii lunilne aliei his dcli.il al 'In oiidcoiia lo liuild a jolt on the rums of old I'oi I \\ illiams near ihe rise ol ihe Mukawk river on liie Oncid.i earryiii); plai e al the lic.id of lio.il iiavij;alion, Ihe site of the prcsenl cliv ol Ronu', i\. \ . ' It w,is a stioiij;, si|ii.ire foitifn ation, lia\iiii; liombiiroof li.islioiis, a glacis, ii, and \>\ him was renamed I'ort Schuyler in honor ol ('leneral Schuyler in whose mi y deiiaitment il was silualed. It has been coiiloundeil b) some with Old i-oit Schuyler, which w.is buill diiriii}; Ihe f'rcnch and Indian wais and named in honor of Colonel rctcr Si hii\ ler, an uncle of the general. ( )n the cclebralioii of lli' Centennial, .•\nj:nsl 71I1, 1S77, the p.itriolic )ieople of the slate p.iid tribule to the mcinor\' ol the bi.ne men who luok pari in the battle of Oriskany and Ihe defence of l''ori Schuyler. Honorable Mllis H. Roberts delivered an ek)i|uent address on the occasion, of which tiie foUowmj,' is an extract : " 'I'he ])lans for its r' roiistniction were yet in jirogress when Si. I.ejjer ap (leired before il. Hut care and labor had been so elfecliial that Ihe broken walls li.id been iestorid,and the ruins which the invader i .iiiie lo overrun had iii*f'' • 1" • ■ Vn ■WMTTI inii I BIB N Fir iii: K. ^Fi I "n iiY /. A BATTEAU lOy.lGK hX HOU 35J given place to defences too strong for his attack. Colonel Peter Gansevoort was in command. * * * v^anacvoon of Cans voon s own regiment, the third New York, with two luMKire-l men under L,eutenant-Colonel Mellon of Col,.„el Wesson's regin.ent of the Ma s!- usetts n,e. Colonel Mellon had fortunately arrived with a convoy of b s filed w.th snpphes. on the second of Augu.st, when the enen,y's f.res were al rL'hoSL:;::^ '^"^ ^-^' '■---- -ew,thwiich.anseln " The British advance appeared on the 2d of August. The investiture was complete on the fourth. The .iege was vigorously prosecuted on the Z he cannon ■ had not the least eifect on the sod- work of the fort,' antl ' tl La had only the power of leasing. '" "'e royais ■^ f I ST. i.i;gi:k's ixva.sion strength. 1 he e.xpedit.on with which it was charged, was deemed by the war secretary at \Vh„ehall of the fl.st consec,ue.,ce, a,tl i; had rec "l^ rk^ attenton as any army which Ku,g George ever let loose upon tl cZ e hLilf n ^^■^"'--^-^-'"-■> 1^-ry .St. Leger had beer, chose by the i" h.nself, on Hurgoyne's nomination. He deserved the . - .ntldence if J i,, W by Ins advance, by his precautions, by his stratagem at OriskanJ n I f lit ugular a.niy of hugland, he became an ensign in ,7 = 6 ^nd comin„ / A-ncr,ca . e next year, he had ,erved .n the Frencf war, a "ta ^1^ '' the In, bans, and of border warlare. In some local sense, perl p s co z;:i'o;iL'^;:;:;:ri^'^'^^'^^'^^'«^^''-- H.sreguiarranJwa;i:::;^: : CO one of he Ih rty-fourth regmient. In those days of trained soldiers it wns a marked d,st,nct.on, to be chosen to select an n dependent corps on n n, t . Mm %, m-T" ^"'""""^'•'^■•' ''"-' '- •^-•'•-- -r, his order of march Ek • ^ .lib, ,n aUans, and scholarly n. accon.plishn.en.s, his wruing^ p"ve I IMJ; .1 liotxiiii.n OF w.isiiixaroy tl.u tiTcd U Dritish la'aiUniarifrs in Mmitrcal. Aiiumg the liuli, ins Ik- was preeminent, anil in any circle lie woiiUl have been conspicuous As St. l.eger represented tlie regular army of King (leorge, and Jirant ihe Ii lilies, Sir John Jolinsoii led the regiments winch luul leeii organ i/ei from the settlers in the Afohawk valley. He luul inherited from his father, Sir W illiain, the largest estate held on the ciJiuinent by any indivi Willi I'eiin exieplcd. lie had earl_\- taken sides willi the king against the colonists, and having entered into a comi)act with the patriots to ]ireserve peace and re- main at lohiistowii, he had violau IS ijromi^e, aiul lied to C; H e came now with a sense ot ]ierson.il wrong, to recover his possessions and to resume the almost r. uil sw.iv which lie had e.xercisei He at this lime held a (I'li mission as C'olonel in the liriiish army, to r.iise and command forces raised among the jojalists of the valley. ISesides these was I'.ullcr- Joliii liiitler, a brother-indaw of Johnson ; lieutenant-colonel by rank, rich and iniluenlial in the \alley, familiar with the Jiuli.ms and a favorite with tluni, sinewil, and dar- ing ami savage, alre.uh' father of that son W'.dlir, who w.is to he tlie scniirge of the settlers, and with him to render ferocious and hloi d\ the lioider war. He came from Niagara, and was now in command of Tory rangers. '• The forces were like the le.ulers. It lias been the cii^-Ii m to rep^l^ellt St. Kegel's army as a ' motley crowd.' On the contrary, it was a pic keil force, es- pecially ilesignated by orders finm lieadiinarte, ■ in lirit;iii). He enumerates ids ' artillery, the 'I"hirt_\--founh in the king's regiment, with the Hessian rillemeii and the whole corps of Indians,' with him, while his advance consisting of a detachment under Lieutenant liird, had gone liel'oie, and ' the rest of the armv, led by Sir John Johnson,' was a ilay's march in the rear. Jiihnson's wIk le regiment was with liim together with Butler's Tory r.mgers, with at least one company of Canadians. The country from Schoharie westward, had been scoured of lo\ali>is to add to this column. Fir such an e.\pedition the fiTie could Hot ha\e lieen iietter chosen. The pet name of the ' King's regiment ' is significnit. The artillery was such as could be carried b\- boat, and adajiled to the Sort of w.ir brl'i^e it. It h.id been especi. illy designated fruiii Whitehall. 'I'he Hanau t'hasseurs were ir.iii.ed and skiUlul soldiers. The Indians were the terriir of the land. The Si.\ Nations had joined the expedition in full lurce, e.\- cept the Oueidas and the 'I'liscaroras. With the lalier tribes, the inllueiice of Samuel Kirkland had overborne that of the Johnsons, and the Oneidas and the Tuscaroras were by their peaceful altitude, more than by iKstiiit)', useful to Congress to the end. The statement that two thousand Canadians accom])anied him as a.\einen, is no iloubt an e.vaggeratioii, but exc lusive of such lielpers and of non-combatants, the corjis counted not less than seventeen hundred lighting men. King George i ould nut then have sent a colnnni better lilted for its task, or heller equipped, or abler led, or more intent on ai hie\ing all that was imposed upon it. Leaving Montreal, it st.iited on the 19th of July, from Hiick Isl.md, Its rendezvous at the entrance cif Lake Ontario. It had rea( hcd Fort Scliuyler without the loss of a man, as if on a summer's i>icnic. It li.id come through in til -3(*dsWB''Wr"'-^':!*j»^'~ - THAYENDANEGA. i -f-^ \h \ A JIATTKAr l(/)-.U,7; /.V 17!l(l 355 j^ood season. Its (.liit-f never duubtcd tluil lie would make (juick way with the liiit. He had even cautioned Lieutenant Bird, who led tiie advance, lest he should risk the seizure with his unaided detachment. When his full force ap- [)eared, his faith was sure that the fort would ' fall without a single shot.' So confident was he, that he sent a dispatch to Uurgoyne on the 5tli of August, as- suring him that tlie fort would be his directly, and they would speedily meet as victors in Albany. General Schuyler hud in an official letter expressed a like fear. TIIK I'ATKIOT KISIN(; IN 1 RVON COIN'IV " St. Leger was therefore surprised as well as aiiiK>\crings and the spring freshets had cut more than one ravine where even in the simimer, the water stilled moistened the earth. These run toward the river, from southerly toward the north. Corduroy roads had been constructed over the marshes, t'or this was the line of such travel as sought Fort Schuyler and the river otherwise than by boat. Heikimerhad coir" to one of tiie deepest of these ravines, ten or twelve rods wide, running narrower up to tlie hills at the south, and liroadening toward the Mohawk into the flat bottom l.ind. Where the forests were thick, wdiere the rude roadway ran down into tlie marsli. and the ravine closed like a ]iocket, he pressed his way. Not in soldierly oriler, not watching against the enemy, but in rough haste, the eight htnubed marched. They reached the ravine at ten o'clock in the morning. The advance had gained the higher ground. Then, as so often, the woods became alive, lilack eyes fl.ished from behind everv tree. Rifles bla/ed from a thousand unexiiected coverts. 'I'he Indians rushed out, hatchet in hand, decked in paint and feathers. The brave band was ( becked. It was cut in two. The ass.til.ints aimed first of all to sei/^e the snpjily train. Colonel Vischer, who conimauded its guard, showed his coinage before and after and doubtles.i fought well here, as the best informed descendants of other heroes of the battle believe. Hut his regiment was driven northward toward the river, was cut up or in great jiart < a]itured with the supplies and ammunition. In the ravine and just west of it, Herkimer rallied those who stood with him. Hack to back, shoulder to shoulder, they faced the foe. ^\■here shelter could be had, two stood together, so that one might fire while the other loaded. Often the i"v>r: ■ ::r^r-7 ■ -v^-y i 368 .1 aoncimn or ii:\siii.\(;t(>\ figlit grew closer, and tlii- kiiilL' ciulcd llic ixMsuiuil conlc^t Mye to eye, lianil to IkuuI, this was a figlit of men. Nerve anil l)rawn and iiuiscle, were tliu prii e of life. Rille and knife, spear and tomahawk were the only weapons, or the clubbed butt of llie ritle. li was not a test of science, not a weighing of enginery, not a measme of caliber ; nor an exhibition of tiie choicest mechanism. Men stood against death, and death slrnck at them witii the simplest imjjle ments. Homer sings of chariots and shields. Here were nostn h helps, nosncli defences. l'"orts or earthworks, barricades or abbattis, there were none. 'I'he GEN. HERK'MKR. ■• I will face the enemy.' I Hritish force had chosen its groiiiuK Two lo one it must have been against the band which stood and fmight in that p;"-' forever glorions. Herkimer, early wounded and his horse shot inider him, sat on his saddle beneath a birch tree, jnst where the hill rises at the west a little north of the centre of the ravine, lalmly smoking his pipe while ordering the battle. He was urged to retire from so much danger; his reply is the eloquence of a hero, ' I will (mv the enem\'.' "The ground tells the slory of the fight, flencral Herkimer was with the advance which had crosseil the ravine. His ( ohimii stretched out for nearly half a mile. Its head was a hnndred roils west or more of the ravine, his rear- A itrrm.w vorMiK is jj,,,; ^..^ Herknner closed Im Im.c- on >,s ,,uu„ aiul ,„ mu hi„g tl.u ,„„nt l,i. white H " as ,„-.!.,y ,h. ,„„, .,„,,,, Hke „ eimcer, fro.n .la- wc ... the ., i o, t e ort s„le c the rtver. Fort Schuyler could ,K,t he seen but lay it"! J.ist heyond the f,;,i, „, the hills, six miles distant * * * ^ ' ''"" " DunuK .l,e carnage, a stonn of win.i and rain and lightning brought a res- P>tt. Old men preserve the tradition that in the nath l.v whirl, ,1 •nnie, a l.road windfall was cut ,nd w.s seen f I ^ "'""^' >>.■-> Lui, and was seen lor lone years afterwird 'ii,.. elements caused only a short lull. In ca„,c at the thick ^f t 'e s nf I , Henry Ihompson grew faint with hunger, sat down on ,1.- b ! ;f , ' ' llie cry of retreat. ' Oonah ' ' ' Oon.h i - I . ^' '''"" '■'"''^•' 'rom the fort. The H i i h' f,, b ,f, ^'l T '"'' ""•" ''^'"^ "<" '^ -'- ki..er and his gallant n^ til th:;!; '^r "^'^ "°"^^ "' <-'-- ^^^^ "-- 1> L'n- TIIK .SOKTIK as i; Jl;::* ir:,;;:;; '*;'*' ""'i' ,"'*■'" '■■<'"'"'• "» ^ »» «■"■ me,., .,.,.11, "r, « , ,^r 1 ' "' "" ''""' "^ '"•" '"""'"■•' »™1 «% colors. * * * ^ "^ ""^ ''■^'^"'''"^ ^^-^'^ ^^i^^d i" victory over British Ttiic sf.|(;f. *e,l ■,!„ complelea v„,„ry. .,, Orisla,,,' I e oZ ,,, " . ,'"" ;• lie nouutd the garrison that I 360 A conriiii.D or w isiftxinox Hurgoyne was victorious at Aliwiiy, and liciiLunicd |i( rniiiitdrily the suni-iulcr of llie furl, tliroati'iiing tliat proloiigfd rcsislance would rcsuil in general inas- .sairc at the hands of the enraged Indians. Joitiison, Clans and Itutler issued au address lo the nihaliitants of 'I'ryon county, urging them to submit heciuise ' surriiiinili-d hy victorious armies.' Colonel (lansevoort treated the summons as an insull, and lield his post with sturdy steadiness. The people of the valley sided with Cotigress against the king. For si.\teeii days alter Oriskany, St. J.eger l.iy lieforc l''ort Schuyler, and heard more and more closely the riimMis of fresh resistance from the valley. Kl 111 !■■ LNIH 1< AKNOl.l) h I l.AI) "Colonel W'illett, who led the gallant sortie, accompanied liy Major Shck- wcll, risked no le>s danger on a mission through thiikels and hiddi-n ti>es, tu in- form Cii'neral Schu)ler ,it .Mhany of the silu.itiuii. In a council ol i iVu crs, Litter opposition arose to .Schuyler's pre jHisal lo send relief to l'"ort Schu)ler, on the i)lea that it would we.iken the army at Alhany, the more important pisiiion, SchuvK-r u.is equal to the decision, acting promptly, .md with gicat energy. ' Cientlemen,' said he, ' I will Like the roponsihility upon m\stll'. Wlicre is the hrii^adier who will command ihe relief? 1 shall heat up for volunteers to- umrrow.' lienedii t .\rnolii, then unstained hy treason, pnniptlv (illucd to lead Ihe army. On the ne.\t day, .Vugust 9lh, eight hundred volunieeis were enrolled, chietly of Cicncr.il I.anied's Massachiisells luigade. Cieicral Israel Puln.im ordered Ihe regiinenls uf Colonel Curtlandt aial I.ixingslon In ni I'etks- kiU to join the relief ' against those worse than inlernals.' AriK^ld was to take supplies wherever he could get them, and esi)ecially not to offend the already unfriendly .Miih.iuks. S(h'i\ler enjoined ujii'ii him also. ' as the inluiliilants of Tryon county were chielly Curmans. it might he well to jirai^e their l)raver\ .it ()riskan\', and ask their gallant aid in the enter])rise.' .Arnold reached l'\ rt D.iytoii, and (Ui 20lh of .Xugiisl issiie(l as comin.inder in < hief of the ainu' of ihe L'niled St.ites of .America on the Mohawk river, a cliarai lerislic proclamatii.n, denouncing St. I .egi'r as 'a leader of a haiiditti of rolihers. inurdereis and traitors, composed of savages of .Ameiica and nii ii' s.nage I'.rilons.' The mililia jdiiied him in great numlieis. ( >n the jjiI .\rnold juished forward, and on the 24ih he arrived at Fori S('hn\ler. St. I eger had raised the siege am! precipitately lied. "St. I,ri;er had been frightened by riimfirs of the rapid advance of Arnohl's army. .Arnolil hail taken )iains lo fill the air with them. 1 le had sent lo St, l.eger's camp a half-witted loyalist. \\\\) \'osi Schuyler, lo exaggerate his iium- bers and his s|)eeil. The Indians in camp were restive and kept track of the army of relief. 'I'hey badgered St. ],eger to retreat, and threatened to abandon him. They raised the alarm ' ihey are coming' and for the numbers of the patriots approaching, they pointed to the leaves of the forest. ft; • I m A I'-iTTKAl- yoVAdh: IS 171,1! ST, l,l-.(;|.k\ 1 1 II, III- :t()i I'lie lite I) (I "O.. the ...I of AM«ns. wink. An,.,!.! w.s j.i ., Vik., S,. l.eger fin! ' '-'to uJ. p.,,, !,';„, ";''7-'-' -".Johnson. ,1... ,„.„,„„ ,vl,„ c-o„ : 1- . , ' '"'" '"'"■''^•'■^•'l ^.likf I.risoiu.rs : Iln.isl, * * * * * * Mi,, „„ „,c s„Nj,, , :,;:'■','" ";;; """" "'("'"•'■ """ '!"■ 1«« a„- <-.,«,i,„lo ., chain , f l,i, ,, ■, "■ '""■ "' " «■"•■• "f "■<■.». I,i,l, ^ 1^- ».. '; r„;;';;;;;;™'i::;;r ■■» - - ""- ■» ■ - Ci)\ci,|-.sl()\} fruits. Wo ,„ ,K, 1 , ;;.;V '■'■"'"^'''':- "■ ""- "1"' inl-n> .hc gol.lcn "■'"■'■'' a' I-l-ntu S.I liiniis. T , """ '"•"■''■ "'^' 'l<'^'""H>.,u,n ;;::-,n.:..,..;.:;;r;.::,j,::- w,i ,,,. ^^■^'; •■■'"■'■'- ■-.•-Mu.Kij;.'z:rt,':;n''r T' ';'• ^'•-'"•'-^' -■'.'.-'";; L^^w^ wee «-eigh.efl to han.l New N" ,1- ' """V ' ''"^^'"■'*'" '1'^' scales .>f .les.iny t c„lo,j „, ,h.u when p.,p„L„- ,n,p.uien,e, and ieaU.n.sies m m » -i^"^ 303 .1 aoiH'im.it or tsiiiyarox ill oiIrt ci)li)iiies, and .imhilinns in llic .uinv. aiul < li(|Ufs in ("oiif;rfss, Mipfi- sfdcd liim ill tlu' coiiimaiui ut tin' NdiiIu'Iii amins ol the Uuili'd Stau>>, lie had already stirred up the Mohawk \aik'v to the war bla/e at Oriskaiiy ; he iiad re heved l'\irl Schuyler and m'iiI Si. j.ij^i'r in diSL;ra('el'nl retreat ; I'.enningloii had been t'oiij^iit and won (Ciales had luilhing to do with Heniiinj;ton) ; he had thus shattered the liritish alliaiu e with the Indians, and had trampled out the torv einlieis m ihe M.'liawk \alle\' ; lie hail i;at!)i'red above AlbaiU' an annv tlii>hed with vietorv and L;reatly Mi|ierior to liurnovne's lore es in miiiibers, and ii was well led and adeiinalc to llic task before it. * '■ * Iv 11. Roukkis." i> I I ^t 1 1 ^-tyf^^-Pl^^ % a EX Eli M. rrir.i! (iAxsi:v(,(,in\ ju. ;!(i.-, GENERAL PETER GANSEVOORT, JR. " Mv HEAR Mrs. IUxtkk: *• Au;anv, June ,st, ,896 " Vou ask >nc for some nccount of n,y graiul lather, fleiural 1-eter Ganse- voor , Jr. 1 .an g,ve no personal recollections of him. as he died in ,8,2 when my father u-ns a young nuu, an.l many jears before Ins marriage '• He .vas at ti,e tune of his death a l.riga.lier-general in the United States "7 V :'" " ::M ""'° '"^ ^^'■^■'- ••>-' ••- -u-t-,nart,al convened for , n 1 of (.eneral U dl<,nson over wh.ch he was presiding, that he was taken il Uasinngton, and re.urn.ng ,0 Alhany died at h,s home in North Muket str ef in this city, at the age of sixty-two. "''• '' Family history preserves a tradition that my gr,u,df^uher■s stature was soine- 1 ng over si.v feet ; also that he was in person formed in just proportion to Is I-eight, and these facts are tully attested by measurements f o„ his nnl r mdorms^ two suits of win. h in adn.irable preservation are in my po^^^^ H. bucks in breeches, which are ma.le to tie below the knee, are t nrtyl e nch^ ,n length. The insi.le measure of h,s coat sleeve is tueiity,! ^ , ^ and It >s forty-six mces trom the collar of his coat to the end of is u, t i Around the chest, as shown by his waistc.ats, the n.easiire is f^.rty-s e ' and at the waist by the trousers f..rtv-tliiee inches ^ ' " From a portrait painte.l front lite by (;iibert .Stuart in which he is t ikei, in tl.e uniform of a briga.iier-general, a.,.1 wears upon the H„el of hi , o . l,,me at .Albany, u appears that he was of a somewhat fl.-ri.i cmplexi. n • f.ce IS to ,ne an e.xceedingly pleasant face to look upon, and lie h.s ,1^ "-.. and aspect ..f one who w.n.ld, as it se.ms ,., me, be slire ;c dra^ to hmv , i- , ' "■■ " -i^i-iii.-) lu iiic, oe sure tc d seMjj. a certain .lignity of character an.l iorce. and kin.Uiness of ..sp.,s,ti.,n tl^^^aTlevtion, as w..ll as the esteem of those with whom he should c.im^i; accustotned to exercise, a paternal .swell as offinal'ca ^^ ^ '^^^'^ «.^.g fr.n. the sie^ of Quebec t., hi. brother Leonard, also a p , H ' 366 ,1 iioDCHii.n or WAsiusdTox r t (loll.ns wliich I took {\om Henry Daniels, anil which I was afraid he woiikl spend, I therefore beg that you will give them tu his wife.' A proof of the at- tachment felt for him by those associated with him, is foimd in the fact, that many of the officers of the Second regiment, having an option to do so, went with liim to his new connnand, on his promotion to the colonelcy of the Third regiment. \ fact shown liy the rosters of the regiment of thai time. " .As an evidence of the iinnsual s'reiigth (jf his physical make up, it may be mentioned that he was wont to say jocosely that he ' had not a single tooth ni his head,' a statement quite in accordance with the fact, as every tooth of his was a donble tooth. "He matriculated at the College of New Jersey at I'rinceton, at which col- lege my father and my brother, Cajitain Henry S. dansevoort, of the I'nited States army, now deceased, were afterward graduates, but my grandfather with- drew from his class before coinpleling his college course anil so never received his collegiate degree. " In the times whii h preceded the Revolutionary war, he was undoubtedly, although a young man, greatly interested and ijuite consiiii uoiis in the Colonial movcmenls, which led up to that event, and in this respect he was not singular among his family connections, who were all, so far as 1 can discover, imbueil with an mnnistakable sympathy for the cause of the Colonists, and gave it, lirst and last, their luihesitatiug and active support. "During the period to which 1 li.ue just referred, and during the struggle which followed, there is evidence among his pai)ers to show that he enjoyed the conridenie and shareil tiie counsels of those who, on the American side, ile- termined its purposes, and guided its events. He had the confidence of Gov- ernor (leorge Clinton, and the relations between them, continued afterward in the case of Governor Dewitt Clinton, his son, and my father, whose intercourse was very cordial and iniimate up to ilie lime of Governor Dewitt (,'linton's death. I have in my possession the manuscript of a memorial of my grand- father in Gmernor Dewitt Clinton's hand. " Lafayette writes to him from Jamestown, \'irginia, on the 5th of March, 177S, a personal letter in regard to the capture of Carleton, in which he says: ' .\s the taking of Colonel Carleton is of the greatest importance, 1 wish you would try every e.xerlion in your power to have him apprehended.' "General Philip Schuyler, writing to him Irom .Albany, N. V., under date of .August lolh, 1777, four days after the battle of Oriskany, i-a\s: 'A body of trooi)s left this yesterday to raise the siege of Fort Sihiivler. I-'.vcrybody here believes you will defend it to the last.' "The event to which General Schuyler's letter refi-is. familiarly known as the siege and defence of Fort Slanwi.x, is an eve-'t which his descendants especially cherish, in a military career uniformly adi.iirable, and seldom if at all unsuc- cessful, as illustrative of his character and exhibiting his ijualities as a soldier. "He had then received a conunission as Colonel of the Third New York State infantry, and after having been for some considerable time, occupied in (lEXEKAL VETEH (iA.X.s/.IOo/n: .//.■. .,,,7 the m„.slern,g of the forces, a.i.i military preparations, at and near Albany, had been assigned to Fort S.anwix and place,! in command of its garrison " I he strategic position of that post, in its relation to the familiar plan of the enemies campaign, uas certainly one of vital consequence. JJmgoyne's advance rem Canada was ,0 be through Lakes Champlain and Geotge to the Hudson at ort Kd.nrd, and so down that river to a union at Albany, with forces from -n Howe s army asceiuling the same river from the south, under Sir Henry U.nton, and intending to .iivert the opposition which should be ma.le to isurgoyiie. "I.10C lu '• The Hritish Colonel, St. l,.,,er, was to make his way from Oswego along the waters of Oswego river and Oneida lake to Wood creek, and over tlfe custo mary portage there to the head waters of the Mohawk, and so descending along e course of the latter nver, aroun.i the .alls at Cohoes, to its conlluence with th Hudson, form a jun, tion with Jlurgoyne. and the main army, inte.uiing in- ndentally. to occupy and forage. l,e tertile valley of the Mohawk, and 1 pi g 10 . orrupt o,- terrorize, the patriotism of its inhabitants *' " I'ort Su.wix, ■ or Fort Schuyler as it Mas then name.!, on Wood ,,,,k in- .ru.V lUirgoyne. but to ,ha, pur.sned bv .S,,' I.eg ' h , tamty ol such a plan, became manife.st earlv in lulv Tl„. . - Thomas Spenc.r,the ha.-.breed Sachem of .hl (^S^., ..' e ^Sir::: pa. ot^t lie price paid .^.r the result at Oi.kany, had then apprise h^i I " - s of Iryon county, of the .lesign of Sir John Johnson, a nj the iL , auk ^.dky. th.ough this western approach; and ,i,e g.uhenng of the Indians at Oswego was a fact not to be mistaken. ni.lians " Fort Stanwix was an ol.l f.,r,. [, |,„, ,,,e„ ,.,„„ some tuentv ve-,rs „re VHHisly to command this imp„r,a- ..nying place, or portage, at get ^^^ those days, and had beu. strongh and artitlcially conLrucU. , b,U t i I of the kevohition i, had (alien gre.ulv into disrepair, and is reoiesente 1 "^^" "•---•-'—"--'■ ---n;:si;d,lei::;:;;:::::::7 cxccllc-Ml. Ii Is „s well to cill fn,K ,/ ,1, , .1 ■ , ""\"^'"') U,.uigal_a Miy p,„,Hr and prosnu city of Inoa. ^'''">'"' "'•^' ""'"■"I'i^''' '1"^^ ^1,. ..f ,l,e "C. (i. I.." SSSiQ^i ;»G8 A aoixiiJi.i) iir n-Asin.\(;rox '! ; li ! but little had been accomplisliecl for its rebuiiilinj;, when its importance, in the probab'e movements of llie iMiglish army became aliiniiinj;!) apparent. " M_' grandfather was assigned to tlie command of the fort in April, 1777, and engaged himself at once in the necessary work of restoring and completing its tlefeiices. " On the 4tli of July, he writes a letter to CiciKral Si hii_\ler in whicli he points out in detail the necessities of the case, and urgently jileads for assis- tance, from this letter it appears that every energy of the garrison was then being adijre.ssed to tlie work of the rebuilding of the fort, the obsinicting of Wood creek, and the pii|)ar.ition of tlie siirromiding grounds and a])proaclHs lor the imjiending peril. 'The soldiers had been transformed into hiboiers, and ( fti- cers and men logetlur, bent tlicmsilves to the wcrk with a /lal which e\er comes of the right direction, aiitl of confidence in a guiding hand. 'I'lieir task notwithstanding the nnsiakes of some incompetent engineering, in the outset, wliifh had Ih'cu directed by an iiiex|iert engineer, a Frenchman, who was s[)eeiiily su|>pl,nited, had been so well performed, that on the third of .Xugust on the approach of St. l.eger we are told by the chronicler of those events, ' He foinul a well constructed fortress; safe by earthworks again his artillery, and garrisoned by si.v or seven hiuidred men.' The excellent coiiilition (jf the fort for del'eiu:e against the attack was made a subject of public remark after the re- treat of St. l.eger, and is distincil}' emphasized in the historical accoinits of the siege. The ovcr-conliilent St. Leger resorting to iini)ortunities, lUteitful reiire- seiiiaiions and tlneais, m.ule no attempt to take the position by storm. " I'.irtuue, and the ccii'iiieration of (iencral Schu\ler, favoreil the operations for the security of the fmt in one jiarticular. A body of some two hundred troii|iS, wliit h had been pushed forward from the east with supplies of provisions and annnuiiition, reac hed the fort ahm st sinuih.ineon^ly witii the advance forces of St. l.eger, but in season to be brought by means of rajiid work within the ram])arts unmolested. \\ ill) this addition of men the eipiipment of the fort was, as ahe.idy sl.iird fruni s;\ to se\eii hundred nun, witli provisions lor si.\ weeks and an adeipiaie supply of ammunition fir its small arms, although the aim\nmition for the launon was deficient. The estimated force of St. l.eger inclmling the Indi.in allies was seventeen hundred men well provided in all p.ir- ticiilars, aiai fully eiiuijiped for the work intended by it, excejiting as it trans- pired, that the artillery was not (]uite adecpiate to its task. " .My gr:oHll'.ilher was then but twenty eight years of age. liut the result of the siege in.ike it cle.ir that Ins (|ualilicatioiis for the dutiese\pected of him, on his assignment to this iinpi'iiant tort, were not overestimated. .\nd 1 believe him to li.ive been w holly deserv ing ot' the thanks of the country, which were bestowed upon him by resolution of Cuiigress, ])assed in recognition of the service which he had rendered to the .Xmerican cause, in his resolute and successful deleiu e of the fort ; service which was valuable, not onlv in what it a( lually ai liieved, but in the fut that it came at a lime of the gre.ilcst anxiely and ol' almost univeisal liepression, to cheer and encourage the hopes of the Coloiiisls. (!i:si:iiM. I'ETEt; aA.\.^i:i()()i:T, .in. ;i6!) :# " Tlie laconic and lUiL'rniincd rt'iily u|iii:li was made by liim to the Hnllhh colonel's demand for Hurrcndcr, ranks in my view oi it, as one of the most im |)rcssive incidents of tiie war. Mucii display liad been made by the latter i fti- cer, nf the fact that he was advancing upon the fort with a luidy of trained and well provided regulars of the British army, which was stipixated by a ))owerlid alliance of Indian allies. 'i'liese allies lie now reiiresented to be eager for the contest, and hungering for the plunder, both in the fort, and i\hihawk valley bevond it, ■.vhich in the undersianding of their savage minds must be the Kgili- m.ite fr'iits of the victory. The contest with Herkimer was declared to have residted not oidy in his c(imi)leie failure to bring succor to the garrison but in the entire rout and destruction of his command, liurgoyne was declared to be in .\lbany, ami a picture was ( arefully drawn with much particularity of detail, of the fort, surrounded by his overwhelming and irresistible force ; wholly cut off from any hope of aid, the object of the cruel designs of savages, who were at that moment restrained with the greatest difticulty, frian e.xec uting their bar- b.iric threats upon it ; of the utter hopelessness ol' resistance, and the tremen- dous conse(pieiices, both to the garrison and habitations beliiW, lir w liicli the commandant must be responsible, if, through resistance, an attack should be rendereil necessary. Terms were then offered of personal security to the trci ps, and humane treatment to the valley, whidi were stated to have been wrung li(im enraged and reluctant allies, and an immediate answer diniaiuled, on account of the alleged importunity of the Indians. Letters from .American ofticers, prisoners in the camp of .St. I.eger uriltia;, as it afterward transpired, under duress, proclaiming the death of Herkimer, and of numbers of other gener.d ofticers, and falsely representing the situation, had jireceded. "lender dale of .August 9th, 1777, alter acknowledging the receipt of the communication, my grandfather's re|)ly is this : * * * ' It is mv determined resolution to defend this fort to the last extremity in behalf of the L'nited Ameri- can .States who have pl.ued me here to defend it against all enemies.' " This reply, from wluit I li.ive been told of my grandfather's ways was, I believe, entirely characteristic of him, and I shoidd say, that it was indited with ileliberation, and meant precisely what it said, in every ]iarlicular. " No attack followed this refusal to surrender, but the resort of the enemy was to be by ai)[)roaches by jiarallels, and by the operations of sajiping and mining. The gallant C'olonel ^\■illett who had made a bold and successful sortie fitmi the fort, to aid the advance of Herkimer on the si.xth, and had then captuied sev- eral standards of the enemies' colors, which had been disjjlayed ii])on the ram- parts, under the folds oi the memorable flag, ])artly improvised from Major Swarthoiit's cloak, ' undertook on the tenth, with Lieutenant Stockwell, the I " .\ k'lk'i- uf .\ii};ii>l Ji/lli, 177^. writUjii l.i CuIiur-I ( i.ui>cv(iiirl j.y (',i|>t.iiii .Sw.iilhoiit c.iIU alli'nlion to :ni luulL-rKtaiulinj; uii'liT wlii, !i a ri''|uiiilioii was to ln' iiiailc ' for eight yanls uf liiiia>lclotli on tlif (■oimni-.-iaiy for I'lolliiiij; of llii-- st.Uc, in lien of my liinc cloak wliieli war. used for colors M Lort Sclniylcr ' and asks for its fullillnicnt. Tlio letter is in niv '^'".session. "C. C. I.." lil !!( ( If'ti ij Ml ill m hi' ;n() ,1 lioiniin.n or wwsiiisuroN perilous enterprise of passing lliroiigli the tiiemy's works by night, and of making known the situation of alTairs in ilic vailc-y, in the hope of secnring as- sistame for the tort. " The rLsult of this boh! uniiertaking, although the atten)i)t to pass the enemy's I'ul, was matter of mere conjecture to the lii had been in fact entirely success besieged, yet the hope thai it might |)i(>ve a success stinmlated tlii'ni, to delay by active and stubborn resistance, to the gradual ad\ance of tiie ciu my, the lime, when it shiuild be necessary to make the attempt to cut throu.uli llie en- lampmeiil nl llie besiegers, which in the last bv a salh Ircm the turl at ni,i;hl. event, it was mtende .1 t( ike, It IS pronal) e that the elhnts of Culonel Willelt and Lieutenant Siockwell, especially as they secured lor the movements of Arnold the sujiporl of the militia in 'I'ryon cininly, woi'M nave brought to the assistance of the tort, the aid which was lioi)ed for, and so have raised the seige, and rendered the proposed sally unnecessary, but ten days after the dejiarture of these two ofli( ers, and on the 22(1 of August, the problem was solved, by the brilliant ruse of Arnold, and successfully carried out upon his instructions, under wlii( h St. I.eger's army was induced to beat a preci|)itate retreat. " iMore was involved in llie fortunate termination of this siege, than the se- curity of t'le Mohawk valley. The retreat of St. I.eger was an utter rout. Mis army, iiuisued by the force from the fort, fled i)re'i|)itately, making its retreat upon the line of its advance. The Indian allies were completely demoralized, and uncontrollable, and further eftVctive attemjits in the same direction, ren dered impracticable. Hurgoyne lost the support of a jioriion of his army, on which he had confidently counted, while his forces experienced the moral shock of this sii,'nal disaster, following (piickly upon the encounter at Oriskany, and succeeded by the misfortunes of Heniiinglon. The patriotism of the inhabitants of Tryoii county received a new and ins))iritiiig stimulus, and its militia hitherto terrorized by the proclamation of the British commander, and the barbarities practiced under their sanction, became available for the military operations, then so important at the east ; .ind the forces under Arnold, sent forward to the siege, and especially the services of .\rnold himself, were liberated, to take their all-im- ])ortant part, in the dei i^ive come>i, whii h soon followed at Saratoga. Is it not very clear that the importance of the resistance at Fort Stanwix, in its bearing ujion the latter battle can hardly be overestimated? " In these statements whic li I have made in regard to tlie siege of I'ort Sian- wix I have not had in mind to attenip": any exhaustive, or even lull account of it. but rather to direct atlenti(jn to facts which show the nature of the delence which was mule there, as illustrative of the qualities and characier of the com- manding officer by whom it was conducted, and also of the im])oilance of the fort as a military station at the lime, as a iv.eans of forming an estimate of the value of the services thus rendered. " The limits of this letter, as 1 understand tliem to be jirescribed, do not per- mit me either, to give even an outline in addition of my grandfather's life. The letter is already more extended 'haii it should be. ilESEHM. t'tUKl! (i.t.\si:i()itliT. JH. am " Let nif lliL'ii uiily say rarllaM-, tlial liis ciinv^pDiMlciicL' slunvs, as 1 lia\c al- ways iiiidcrstood to lie ilie case, tluU lie was of mclhiKlical, and e\ail business ways, and in his intercourse uiili men, liabitually courteous, .ind reganilulof liie eticiuelle and amenities, of tlie social intercourse of Ins day. " lie was not unmindful eiilier of llie lighter accomplishments of the Wdild. 1 have in my ( h.nge a music lumk in which din-ing his niiliiaiy service, he was aicuslonted to traiiscrihe musical exercisi's, and his fondness lor musical study sjems to have led him to seek in his command for those wlio could aid him in ils pursuit. In the hook jii^i referred lo lie ni.ikis this rei..rd : ' Colonel flan- sevoort's instructor who heloui^ed to his regiment, and who was an able in- .structor and made an e.scelleiit performer, deserted in 177S.' A SOUVENIR OF ST. LEGERS RETREAT. August 22d. 1777. " M) grandfather's associations hy marriage were also willi those who were active and |)roiu)unceil in the cause of the Colonies, lie married Catharine \'an S( haick. the daughter of .S)hrant Win Schaick and sister of (,'oloiiel, after- ward Cieneral Cio/en \'an .Schaick, whose conspicuous part in the movements of the Continental army in this section of i)ur stale as well as elsewhere, are a part of llie recorded history of the Reviilutionary war. " Hy his marriage there were five chili. ren ; Herman, the eldest, a resident of Saratoga county, upon the old homestead farm at Cansevoort in the town of Northumberland, who w.is res|)ecled and greath belc'-d in his neighborhood ; W'esel, a lawyer, associated at one time in business with I'lsek Cowen, and a man of learning and ability ; I'eter, my own lather : Maria, who married Allan .MeKille of Boston, Mass. ; and Leonard IL, a prosperous business man, ■MM II :i72 A aonciiiiJ) or w.isiiixarox )i " It will be interL'stiiii:; to kii .v tluit among (lie houvcniis of the sit-gt- in my graiidlather's possfssion at his death, was a dniin ahandoned hy St. i.igcr's forces in their llight. Il is of brass, costly for tiiose limes, hii;lily decorated and ornamented, and in this latter respect interesting as showing tliecinality and style of the ecpiipmeiit witli wiiich St. Leger was provided, li was presented liy my father to the .Albany Republican .Artillery; in the year 1825, and was by that company turned over to the custody of New \'ork Slate, and is now a pari of the war exhibits in the .Military liureau of the stale in the New \'ork capital. " The tlag ' of my grandfather's regiment which 1 I have in) lather's slalenient fir il, made in the form of a memorandnm in writing) was present a! the sur- render of C'ornwallis, is still in my hands. It is also inieresting as it biais the design of the aims of the sl.ile upon il, wlii;r(innd for supposuij; that it was preserved. The stars and stripes were adopted by Contjress, July I4ih; 1777. C, C. I,." FLAG OF SECOND NEW YORK REGIMENT. War of the Revolution. (ii:.\i:i!M. xictioi.As iii:i!KiMi:n :»t:i GKNERAL NICHOLAS IIKKKIMIOR ^'fh' ]■,<;•/• S/,lt,- Milili,, ;■ Nicholas Ilak.mcr was .he d.lcsl son „f J„l,.,„ Jost Ergl,emar one of the or.K„u,l pa.cn.ccs of Jiun,e,sf,el,i, in ilciin J nu,n, y, X. n' T .e f ,1. w Cennan. an.l there is no infornution on ..conl whence or u Jn , Captan. U-ornnvooa.t^L on!n,,t, ^rr;:;;:;:-^:: [' "^"•^"T' '" Fort Ht-rkniKT, in the- sa ne ven- T.L " ' "">""^"='1>-1 ^'t J^..^,>,on,o.ed to a bri«adi.r-genera,s,„„ i.y .he i4,vnu ,al '< ■,:;;!;;::s7; N ': T: 6 1,! 1^ ,^^ ""'"''"'>'' ^'^ "" '--l-^en.a.iveof his,l,s.ri.,; and ,n ~« ......= i.. t !»:;t:;.,:;::er:;:'- ;:'■;;:!'» "« - "."■' -'^ " .-.,,» ,^.,,r,;J;;•::^,;;;r?^,r■:zl:"™ -- oIi:;':i:;::;:';:::i:::r;:;;"i tv ''™-^"-«'S..„r .. "■ -. „,-,„; ,: jX , :;■':,."";;;'■' "■'" '""'■ ^"""' -"-- "«» ""■ "-«' ^^ ■'-.-. i»^»;:::;: ;z:::^,:;; :^:-^- .r,b^. ^'iu o^A^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) /. 7 /.% .^ :^- fe &?/ ^(1 ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 I i !? ■- _ :F i" III 2.0 IIIM 12.2 1.4 4 1.6 vl <^ /} o e-/. /# ^ ^> z!;^ O 7 ^ «v :\ \ ■■^ 6^ "^ .. (p- f-r^-i '1 f i; I i • I 374 A (i(il)Cllll.l) OF ]\:\.slH.\(iToX BRIGADIER-GENERAL MARINUS WII.LETT "General Marimis Willctt was the great-grandson of Captain Thomas Willctt of colonial fame ; it tlierefore seems fitting to give a sliort sketch uf the ancestor from wlioni he inherited his higli principles, his daring courage, and his untiring energy. "Captain 'I'iiomas Willett was born in England in 1610. His father and grandfatlicr were clergymen ; the latter having been vicar of Barley, Wilts, and prebend of Ely C'athedral. Captain Willett came to America in the ship ' Lion,' in 1632. He landed at I'lyniouth, Mass., and in January of the ne.xt year, he was made a freeman. lie held various offices in the colony, and was given a considerable grant of land near the James river. In 1636, he married iMary Browne, daughter of John and Dorothy Browne of Swanzey, Mass. In 1648, he was appointed captain of a military company al I'lymouth, wliere he succeeded Miles Standish. For thirteen consecutive years from 1651 to 1664, he was assistant to the general comt. He was appninled, with eight others, in 1653, on the council o( war, and ' jKirt of tlie imuder and sliot was to be kejjt by him.' He was a member also of the famous Harttord Boundary 'I'reaty of 1650. Willett w.is one of the [lioneers (jf the carrying trade on the Sound between this city (then New .\mstenlam) and tlie Englisii settlements. In subsequent years, when question boundary rights arose between the Dutch and their l'".nglish neighbors, lie became an eflicieiit negotiator between the two parties — having previously gained a knowledge of the Dutch language from his constant inter- course witii them. In 1654, he was sent for. by the Commander-in-Chief of Massachusetts, and ordeied to accompanv him to .Manliaitan ; and to ' be an as- sistant unto them in advice ami n A.' l'"roin 1(161 to i(j6; he was an assistant Io the Gcjvernor. In 1665 lie was iii;ule Mayor of New \'ork, the first I'aiglishman to hold that olTice ; having receivetl his ai)pointment from Colonel Nichols. He retained this office for two or three years. In 1668 he removed to Swanzey. By his will we le.irn tliat he had four sons ; James, Ilezekiah, .-Vudrew, and Sanuiel — from this youngest son. General Mariiius Willett is descended — and three daughters, Mary, Martha, and I'',sther. Captain \Villett died at Swanzey, 4th of .\ugiist, 1^)74. lie and his wife were buried at the head of liiillock Cove, in what is now known as the town of E.ast I'roviilence, R. I. Iuscri|ition on grave- stones in Little Nei k Cenieteiy : •• • lluie lyplli ye Hoily of 'I'lie veiluous Mr» Mary Willi'lt wife In riiiini.is li>74. " ' lU'ic \\f> yi- Huily f)f ye wnr'l Tlioinai Willcit I'Ni|r. wlio iliiJ Augv^l ye 41 li in ye 64 year of lii'. aj^e .\iuio '" Wild w.i^ till- I'irst Mayiii of New Sink ami Iw ice diil suslain ye place ' Willelt Ks(| who (iioil Jamiary ye .S alioiit lij ycai ol lier a^'e. Anno. »P"iPpP(^,i|!|l,L,-:l /Jl. r ..& ^/ /V >^4^i^*-» ^u^^^ m Iff ■ If ■ 11! i m tit 11; it I ^fvt « ^^TT^KaraijjgrrriL-s. . lUiKlADIER-CEXERM, MAlilSVS WILIETT 377 "General Marinus Willett wnsbornat J.imacia, I.„n- Island, 31st of July, 1740. His father was Echvard Willett, bori, in 1701, and tl.e son of SanuierWillctt, youngest clnld of 'I'homas Willett. There seems to be no record of tiie child- hood of Mariniis Willett. When he was btit a lad of eighteen, he was made lieutenant in General Aber.unibie's eNpediiion against Furt 'I'iconden.-a. \n 1758 lie also assisted in the captine of Furt Frontenac. I'lxposure in tlKMvilder- ness, we are told, injured his health, and soon after this at the newly repairLd Fort Schuyler he was detained by illness. " Willett's first act of great bravery, was to capture the arms that the Mntish had planned to take from New \ork, in cnnection with their own ; but Willett inevented their so doing by capturing the baggage vans containing the arms and bringing them back to the city. These very arms were afterward used by the first regiment, raised by the State of New York, i le was appointe.l the second captain of a coinp.my in Cohjiiel IMcDougall's regiment. " In 1776, he was rai.sed to the rank of lieutenant cohual ; and at the begin- ning ol the campaign of ,777, he was place.l in command of Fort Constitution ou the Hudson. While Willett was at this fort he received a .li.spat.h from General McDougall, to come to Ins (the General's) assistance, [ust after this order came, aniain Wiekham, who was Rhode Islander by birth. ' The whole defence at ('jiwego,' said \ anderkemp, ' is but one cuinpany, which cuulil imt make any resistance, as all the fcinilicatioiis are so >iiri' of informing; ymi that tlic :\iiu'ric.Tii llaj;, umli-'r a fcilcial -.iliili', was fur tile lirst time ili>|ilayci1 from l)ic ciladel nftlii^ fort at Ac liour nf 10. Ilii-. murnint;. .\ Captain ClarU and Coldnel F'ntln;rt;ill wuif His MaJL'siy's Dliucrs Irli willj a (Ictailumiil of thirty men for the protection of the works. From these i;entlemon the greatest politeness and civility was (lis]ilaye;h cnltuie, will he no small addition to the comfort of the American oflieers who succeed ihis summer. " I have the honor to be, with the fjieatest respect, " 1'. Kl MKK." ■il ul 'n :» CIIAI'IT.R \V II M slUlors JIKISTS L. H. I'koctdk writes lluil, " W lit- n the Siipicnie Court and Court of Cliaucery of the state began to Imlil their sittings in Albany, attracting; to it Ilie prcat jurists (if tiiat il.iy, it was tlie custoiii uf Si huyler to invite iheni in a body to liis mansion. To tliese reeuptioiis — these ' Meceas of the iiiiiul ' — came the iihis- trious Rent, and those equally great and illustrious jurists, John Jay, Hroekliolst lavingsion and John Lansing; there, too, came that modtl of all that is vener- able in our memory, Abraham \'an Wcliteii, whose teeniing elo(|uence \Aas Cis- eronian, and charmed all liearts ; and the highly gifted Henry, full to abound- ing of every noble trait; and Hoffman, that ingenious, polished master of the advocates' art, and many others whose names are written on the scroll of legal and judicial fame." JAMES KENT CIlA.\Li:i.l.OK III- IIIK .^lAll (il- Nl.W YORK Aiitobioi:;ra/^hical Skftc)i " Ni;\\ \'(iKK, October 6, iS.'S. "Df.ak Sir: " \'our very kind letter of the 15111 nit. was received, and also your argu- ment ill the case of Ivey vs. I'inson. 1 have read the pamiihlel with much in- terest and pleasure. It is coinposeil with masterly ability. ( If this there can be no doubt ; and without presuming to give any opinion on a great case still stih Jiiilice, and only argued before me on one side, I beg lea\e to express my high- est respect for the huv, re.isoning and doctrine of the argument, and my admi- ration of the spirit and elocinence which animate it. .My attention was very much I'lxed tm the prrns.il; and if there be an) lawyer in this sl.ite who can write a better argument in aiiv jioint of view, I have not the honor of his ac- quaintance. ".\s to the rest of your letu-r, concerning in\- lil'e and studies, I hardl\' know wliat to say or do. \'oiir k-lter and argument and ( haracter and name, have im- pressed me so favorably that 1 I'eel every disposition to oblige you if il be not too much at my own expense. .M)' attainments are of too ordinary a character, and far too limited, to provoke such curiosity. I have had nothing more to aid me in my life than plain method, prudence, temiierance, and steady, ]ierseveriug diligence. My diligence was more remarkable tor being steady and uniform ;i82 ?r 'I , '?W\ ■ ^4 Wiaa^iu- fl'U mmmmm ri m //- /, I '.S 77.' Kirs Jl -11 AS 7;s ;tH.i tluiii for the dtgrce o{ it, which never was uxcfssive, so as to impair my heahli or eyes, or |)reveiil ail kinds of innocent and lively recreation. "1 would now ventine to state brielly, hut very frankly, and at your spei ial desire, somewhat of the course and |)rogress of my studious lile. I know you cannot lint smile at times at my simplicity, hut I commit myself to your'in- dulj;ence and honor. " I was educated at \ale c:ollege, and gradnatetl in 17S1. 1 stood as well as any in my class; hut the test of scholarship at that day was contemptible. I was only a ve-y inferior classical scholar, and we were not reipiired, and to this day I never looked into any (Ireek hook but the New Testament, ^]y favorite studies were i,'e'o-raphy, hisi,iry. poetry, belles-lettres, etc. When the col- leye was broken up and dispersed in July, 1779, by the llriiisli, I retired to a country village; and fnidin.- I'.lackstone's Counnentaries, 1 read the four vol- umes. I'aris of the work struck my tasie, and the work inspired me at the age of si.xteen with awe, and I fomlly determined to he a lawyer. In November, lySr, I was placed by my fuller with Juilge l!ens(ui, who was then Attorney- General at I'oughkeepsie, on the banks of the Hudson, and in my native county of Dutchess. Here I entered the law, and was the most mc.dest, steady, indus- tri.uis, student that such a place ever saw. I read the following works :' (Irolius and I'lilTendorf, in large foli.,s, and made copious extra, ts. My fellow-students, who were more gay and gallant, thought me very (,dd and didl in my tastes ; but out of live of them, four died in middle life drunkar Is. I was free from all dis- sipation, and chaste and pure, as virgin snow. 1 had never danced or played cards, or sported with a gun or drunk anything but water. In 1782 I read Smollett's History of Kughuul, and pr..cure.l at a farmer's house, where' I boarded, Rapin's fa huge folio) and read it through, and I found during the course of the last sinmner among my pa|,ers my MSS. abridgement of Rapin's dissertation on the laws and customs of the Anglo-Saxons. I abridged Hale's History of the Common LaM , and the okl books of Practice, and read parts of Blackstone again and again. The same year I pri.curcd I fume's I listory of I'.ng- Innd, and his profound relkctions and admirable eloquence struck most deeply on my youtht-ul mind. 1 extracted the most admirable parts and made several volumes of MSS. I was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in January. 1785. at the age of twenty-one, and then married without one cent of j.roperty •' for my education exhausted all my father's resources, and left me in debt <;40oi which it took me two or three years to discharge. Why did I marry? I an- swer,_at the farmer's house where I boarded, one of his daughters, a little, mo \m 386 .1 aoixiiii.i) OF HAsinsdTux wlu'ii we married. We liave tliree adult cliildreii. My son lives with me ami is iwyer nl' execllfiit sense and discretion, and of the inntsl twenty-six, ,ind a l.i morals. My eldest ilau^lilcr is wi II ni.irnei li with the iniiniai y of one taniil\. lives with me and ns, mv little uh M ves the ne\l iloor to me. nv of aee, iiid )■ youngest daughter is went lo housi'ki'eiiing in I'oiiglikeeiisie in i 7S0, in a Miiall sinig collage d there I lived in (liarmiiiL siniplii ity lor eight )ears. M \ jiraciici' just ahoiit sufl'icient to redeem me from delil, and to maintain m\ wile and esl.ihli^h- nu'iit decenlK, and to suiiply me with books .ilioul as lasl .is 1 could re.id tluin. I hail neglected, and .ilinost entirely lorgollen, my scanty knowledge of the (Ireek and Roman ( lassies, and an a< ciileni turned my allention to them \ery suddenly. In i7.S(>, 1 s.iw Iv Livingston (now ihc t 'ris down to the time; and, of course, I read all the new ones as fast as I c'oul.l procure them. I remember reading J'eer William's as early as ij.ja, and I ma.le a digest of the leading doctrines. The business of the Court of Chancerv op pressed me very much but I took mydailye.xerci.se and mv v.arly debghilnl country rides among the CalskiU or the Vermont monnlains. with my wife and I kept up my heallh and spirits. I always look up the cases in their order' aiul never left one until I had linishe.l it. 'J'his was only doing one thing at a lime My practice was first to make myself perfectly and accurately ( malhemalii ally accurate) acquainted with the fads. It was done by abridging the bills : ,l,e answers, and then the depositions; and by the time I had done this slow and tedious process, I was master of the case, and rea.lv to decide ii I s,w where IMStice lay and the moral sense .lecided the case half the time. .And then I sat down to search the authorities until I ha.l exhausted mv books; and I might once in a while, be embarrassed by a technical rule, but I almost alwavs fouiul prmcipals suited to my views of the case, and my object was so to dis.uss the pomt as never to be te.ased with it again, and to anticipate an angry and vexa- tious appeal to a popular tribunal by disapiK.inted counsel. " During the.se years at Albany I read a great deal of Kuylisl, literature, but 11' ni ill ;: :!(■ :!!)() .1 aoixiiii.i) or Aslll.\(iTOX not witli the discipline of my former division of time. The avocations of busi- ness wouhl not permit it. I had dropped the Cireek, as it litirt my eyes. I per- severed in Latin, and used to read \'irgil, Horace, and some of tliem annually. 1 iiave read Juvenal, Horace and ^'irgil, eight or ten times. I read a great deal in i'dtliier's works, and always consulted him when applicabU-. I read tiie Edin- burgii and (Quarterly Reviews and American Registers tf/i initio and tliorotighly, and voyages and travels, and the Waverly Novels, etc., as other folks did. I have always been excessively f(jnd of voyages and travels. " In iS2_5 a solemn era in my life hal 1 I I BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON. j'/j' S^eiM&ai- [fi 1'' ' lis i h » CHAPTER XVr CATIIAKINK VAN KDNssKI.AF.R (A/rs. Philip Sihiiyln- ) TiiK following sketch was written l,y her ),nn,gc.st (laughter, Catharine, the C'lodchiUI of Washington : " My motiier, a grcat-great-great granddaughter of the first J'atrooii (,f Kens- selacrwyck, was the only daughter of John \an Rensselaer of ihe ( i.eenbnsh manor house, and his wife Angelica Livingston. Sjie was horn in the • Crailo' (see chapter II.) on November 4th, 1734. She was a very beautiful woman delicate, but perfect in form and feature, extremely graceful m her movements and winning in Irt deportment. iMy mother wis well educated ; and although her social iidluence was widely recogni/e.l, she was not one to fill a distinguished place in hi.story. She jjossessed courage and prudence in a great degree, but these were e.xerted only in her domestic sphere. At the head of a large family of <:hildren and .servants, her management was so excellent that everytliing went "11 with a regularity which appeared spontaneous. A most devoted wife-many happy years di.l my father and she live together; a tender mother, a constant friend, a kind nnslress, prudent in conversation, and charitable to all, she is re- meinbeie,! by the few that can have any recollection of her with esteem and regard. "Her f.ither was a patriot in our Revolutionary .stnmgle—a man of un- l"miule,l hnspitaliiy, whose kin.lne.ss and forbearance .luring that period in not e.xactmg rent from his tenants, was the incipient step to aiiii-ientism. " I'erha|)s I may relate of my mother, as a judicious act of kindness in her, that she not unfre.iuenily sent a milch cow to persons in poverty. " When the Continental army was retreating before Hurgoyne, she went up in her chariot with four Imrses to Saratoga, to remove her household articles While there she received dire, tions fr.)m fleneral S, huyler to set fire to his ex- tensive fiel.ls of wheat-whi.h she di.l with her own han.ls; and to induce his tenants an.l others to .1.. the same rather than suffer them to be reaped by the enemy. She also sent her horses on for the use .,f the army, and retiirne.l to Albany on a sled drawn by o.xen. " CaTIIARI.NK \. K. CoillKAM-:. 1846." "A few years ago," writes J. Watts DelVvsier, -a beautiful picture was ex- hibited ,n the National Aca.lemy of Design, npresenting Mrs. (ieneral Schuy- ler setting fire to her husban.l's gol.len fiel.ls of ripene.l main. Thus by the •lestruction of his own crops, he set an example which thencef.jrwar.l no one :inr. f^ f.i-ri'i"*' ,'• u rr T i«^-* mi A (l(il)ii;il.l> OF \\\sinsi:l<>\ ciiiilil ifliisc Id lolliiw. riiiis u lien till- ( CK. lis ucic KiliKcil 111 .islics, ,niil llic IhL- sliicli ilnvcn oil, |{iiii;m\ iif, .IS he s.ully rciiiarkcil, li.nl In Innk Ii.k k cvfii iirross llii'siM III Ircl.iiicl iiii- ilic dally iHnirislimriii i>| liis snjilii'is. 'I'lic Im i| lliiis li|iiilj;lil III ships. 1 iMi I rill., mil u In rl i ,ii i i.il'.i s, .illri .1 ll.insil nf iumi Iv Inlir iluiiis.inil null's, w.is i'IIim 1 11, illy s|ii|iiiril ,11 11 1 i,ci.ii.ili/i il li\ the li.iri iir I'l ili sn- l.iliiiii i)rc|i.ir<'(l liy .Scliin Ici . " .\iiiiil lliis SI riir 111 ilcsiil.ilinii .iml all'iii^lil. llim- u.is \rl m.r ui'liiili uliisi' |ii(iuil simil was iiiMl.niiilfil. ll u.is llic i.uh' nl (iiiu'ial .Silmvlcr. I'lif (Icii cral's ciiuiilrv seal was ii|ii>ii Ins I'slalc in Saralii|;M, slanilini; u|iiin ihr margin i>l iIk' rivfi . ( )n llir a|i|iiiiai ll nl liiirnny lu-. Mis. .'s(liii\lci winl up in .Saiali l'j In li'liluvc lii'i (iinnlinr. Ilrr caii i.iLji' was allrnili'il li\' ,1 sni;;lr .11 iiinl iiianiai limsflMck. When williui lun nnlrs nl lin Imusr, slir ciiii mnlriril .1 iinuil nl pa nil si I'll kcai prnplc. wlin in ilnl In lirr llir Ira;; 11 laic n I Miss Mi Cic.i, ami ii p ri'si'iilmi; In her llir ilaiiL;rr nl prni I'nlinj^ l.iillni In llii- laicnl llii' i ii 111' , nii;ril licr In u'liiiii. Slir ji.iil \v\ In pass lliinn..'li a ili-nsf Imrsl, williin wlni li r\fii llicii sniiu' nl llic sava^f linnps mlijlil lir luikm:; Inr prrv. ilnl In llicsc plliilcnllal laiimsrls slu- unulil Iml lislni. ' Tin' (iMiiial's wile,' slii' i \i laininl, ' llllisl Ilnl \n- all a 111 ! ' \liil, ]insliini; Iniuaiil, slir ,11 n inpllshcil liii pai p. sr. " lii'li lie IIh' man si nil was f\ ai nalcil, Imu rvn . llir ( 'n niT.il liiinsrll liaii a nai rou isi ape tiniii assassinalinn liy llir liainl nl a sa\am-, wlm liail iisiniMiiil innist'ir mill llu' liniisc Inr ihal pnipnsr. Ii u.is lIu- Imni' nl linll imr m 1 lic (•vriiiiii;. ami wliili' llir (Iriinal uas pi rpai 111:.; In iililr Inr llif lii^^lil, llial .1 Ir male sri\aiil. ill 1 nmiiii; in tinin llic liall. saw a f;lc,ini nl' liglil rcllrilcil lii>in tlir lilailc nl a knife, in llic lianil nf smnr prisiin. wlmsc dark nnllinc sin- dis- fcincil liiliiiiil the dnnr. The scrvani was a lilai k hlivc, who had siillii iciil lircsi'iii c 111 mind iml In .ippcar In ha\c mailr Ihr ili-.rn\ii v. 1 '.issi 111; d il ci I iv tliriiiij;il the dnnr inlo llic .ipailincnl where ihe ( li iieial w.is \ el slandmi; near the liieplai c, u illi an air nl' niii nm ei 11 she pielemli d In .irraiigc snili ailii les as were dispnsei! npnii the manllepiei c, while in .111 iiinlerlniic she inrniined her niasler nl" her discnscry, and said almid. 'I u ill 1 all ihe miaiil.' 'I he ( hiu ral iiislantlv sei/ed his amis, while llic taillifnl servant hnrried mil liy aiiiilli< r dnnr iiitn .1 Iniii; li.ill, npnii the llnnr nl' which la\' a Innsc Imaid wliicli criMled he- lleath the tread. H\ the iimse she made ill liainpin;; raiiidl) upnii the h. .ml, the Indi.in Inr sm h he pinxed — was led In siippnse I hat the I'liilislllus Wcii; iipnii him ill niimliers, spiani; linm his 1 niii (■alincnl and lied. I le uas piisiied, hnwever. li\' the i;iiaid and a tew IlieiidU' Indi.ins .ittaclicd In the peisnii nl (icncral .'sclinjler, (ivcrl.ikeii and made piisniier." The I'olluwing letters have never .ippe.ircd in print. m •' .\riiANY, 1st .\i.j;iist, 17S0. " .Maii.wi ; " I Willie a iinic II) I'l.i'ip r. I.ansiii); al Saraluj^a, hy a Taylor, wlm w.is a mniitry man uf iiiiiie, lei'iMiiineiiiliii).; Iilii. In wnrk ; llii' man w.is lakm up am! put In ( iaol, as an I'aiiany, ami I was iili|i(;i-'l In );ivf 'Jail. Tlir < 'niii I eaiiir mi, ami I was 1 )isrli.ut,'i'il. Tliis il.iy il was oriliaiil hy Diu'tor SlniifVi, jeny K. miliar .iml Mr. UieUiiian tluil I sliiiulil lie cou- f w m I CATHA.xINI-: VAIi klONSSICI.AIOK. (Mis, Pl-.ilip Schuylui. ) W m II I I vM^ CATUARIHE r.l.V UK\S.SELAER ;i«l» fintd, which 1 have now nvoidiil 'till I beseech your Iiillueiicc with Jerry or Iloctor Striiifjer, not to put MR' in prison, as my Weakly Conslitnlion is not til lo luar Such. I have coniniillfil nolhinn thai deserves iin))risoiiiiicnl, .uul il lliey are ill iloiilil o( nie, I shall give tlieiii Sc- ciirily. The (icncral was once my friend. I hope, Madam, ymi will he mine also in this and Serve your " .Most Obt. Servant, " ''^ "(Iti). Smviii. " .\Ia1iAM S( 111 vi EK. " Niw \'iiKK, March loili, iSoj. " I thank you my Hctsy, for your favor from Fishkill. 1 linpe the subse'iueiu part of your journey has picved less fali^'ueiiit^ than the lirst U\o da)-. I have anticipated with dread your interview wi h your father. I hope your prudence and fortitude have been a match for your sensibility. Keinemlier that the main object of the visit is to console him, (Cieneral Schuyler on the death of his wife on the 7th) that his own burden is sullicient, and that it would be too nimh lo have it increased by the sorrows of hi> children. ".•\rm yourself with resiKiiation. We live in a wnrM full uf evil. In the later period (,f life misfortunes thicken round iis; and our iliity and our peace both le.piire thai we -hould ac- custom ourselves to meet di-a-ters with Christian fortitude. "Kiss KItly for me and j^ive my love to .\nt;eliea and all the liieiuK and connections around you. "Adieu my excelbnt wife. Vour children are all well. I write In ymir father by this opportunity. " A. II.VMII.TON. "Tn •• Mrs II WIlIT'iN, at "C'.KNKK.M- Si Ml-YI-Kk'>, .\lbany." \ I ! ITKI! nK TIIF RF.VOIfTIO.V ' Beloved, 1 am far away, dark forest- lull between This soldier's tent and our sweet home neslliny in bowers green liut thou are there ; I send to thee these weary deserts o'er My Catharine never failed in peace; fail not beloved in war. m • .My tields thou knowest are white with grain, il covers all llie land, Forget thy hand is sliglil and soft, I've work for that small hand. I trust no uiiderlinj; or friend, only thyself I trust Go forth and fire the wheat, my love; go burn il to the dust. 'The enemy arc pressing down the river every day That grain stands .all too temptingly thus ripened in their way. Destroy it with unllinching heart — t'leld, gran'ry, stock and store, The less we leave of war supplies — the less we'll have of war. ' (lather the children round ihee, then, and lia.-ten to the town 'Tis Hamilton, my brave young friend, I -end to guard thee down ; .■\nd give our stores among the jioor — they'll need them all, I know, .\h 1 when I ihink of them anil thee, ten limes more strong I grow. ~'"i i " T 1 P - -:H J 1 i 400 A "onrin/.n or ir.isnixarux Telham, X, v. '■ >S5J." "Co,„,,osoai,vlu.rt;,v,,l-.;,,,n,l,l,n,.l,ier. "IvVlHAUlM.. S,„rv,.,K li,)l,T0N-. riiK r.i.v i:i:y.ssi:i.Ai:its 4U1 TIIF, VAX RENSSFI.AKRS 0/ the Miiiur ,'J A't'//su-Aifi :,'Vii- " The \';in Reiisst'l.iers nf tliu M.iiun- di' Rcii>st;Licru _\ck lia\e, for over two hiiiulretl years, held an imiiortant position in the history of America. Coming, as they did, as founders of a Colonic who acknowledged no superior power on this side of the ocean, they were artiinl sovereigns on tlieir own dcniaiiis. lie 8 J H !«>...,( ,\l van f JSi 8 "OMNIBUS EFFULGIO." Van Rensselaer Arms. fore coming to America, tlie \'an Rensselaers were people of importance in Holland, respected and honored by their countrymen ; they held many positions of trust, and their name t'lgurcil constantly as burgomasters, councillors, treas- mers, etc., in many of tlie important towns of their native country. The picture of James Van Rensselaer, which still hangs in the Or|)han Asylum at m i# M 402 .1 coDciiii.n nr wwsiiiscros N\kt'ik, n-piL'sciits lum .is a jniiklieLT ur iioIiIlmikui, in tlic ilistiiigiiishiiig tlicss (if Ills class. OvL'r the litMils ulllic regents in litis picture li;ittg stiiall sliields (in wliicli are (iis])iayt'il tlieir coats of arms, making it perfectly (.-asy to iileiilily loiikheer \'.m Renssel.ier, as these arms are identiial with those borne liy the family at the present day. .\n interesting tradition with regard to these arms exists, whicli however rests on no reliable foundation. It is said that on some lestive decision, a gr.inil illumination was displayed in Holland. 'I'he \'aii Renssel.ier of that day ordered large iron baskets (which represented his ( rest j to be tilled with inllammable materials, and plated on the gate posts, house- tops, and e\ir\' prominent position of both his citv and country residences. This was done with such brilliant effect, as to call forth special commendation from the Prince of Or.inge, who, according to the custom of the linus when favours were esteemcil and given, instead ol mone)', (and the highest fa\(iur was an augmentatiiiii of anything pertaining to the coat of aniisj begged \'an Rens- selaer to adopt, henceforward, as his motto, ' Omnibus I'^ffiilgio,' (I oulshine all) iiiste.id of the Dutch niotlo, lelcrring to the ( ross on the shield ' Nieman Zonder ' (No man without a ciossj. 'I'iie motto has been coiriipled, and is usually written '(Jmnibns l'"lTiilgior,' but it has not been generally useii by the \'aii Rensselaer family of late vears, as being too arrogant lor their simple tastes. "'I'he following extracts from a letter written b}' "'.iigene Schii\ler (author of History of Russia, etc..) were published in the .\lb.iuy .\rgus, September 21st, 1879; '1 ueiit to .\niersfoort, to Nykerk, ami to sever.d other towns in {"luelderl.ind. .\t Amersfoort, there is a table in the (!hurcli of St. Joris or St. C'leorge, on which is mentioned the name (.f ILirm.iniis \'aii Rensselaer, as one of its Regents in i6^(j. I )e. is ])iell\e(l to his name, which may mean Dcjclor of Laws, of Divinity or of iMedi( inc. 'I'here is also a tomb of a Captain Van Rensselaer who diecl of a wound rccei\i'd at the battle of Nieiipoit. This is covered by the wood lloorini;, and is not visible. " ' III the Orphan .\sylum at Nykerk, time is a very fine picture of its first Regents, ifijS. The ])ii tine is p.iinled by ilre(( ker, in 1645. 'i'here are two iiobleiueii in this jiii tine, Jan or bih.inncs \',in Rensselaer, and Nicholas A'an Deleii ; one of the four others is Ryckert \'.iii Twiller, the father of W. titer \'aii Twiller, who married the sister of Kili.ieii, the fust I'alroon. There are two other \"an Renssel.iers n.micd among the laicr Regenis. Rii hard in 175.5 — aiul Jeremias in nSo^. "' 'I'he origin. il manor of the t'.iinily, from which the \'an Rensselaers took their n.ime, is still called Reiisstl.ier, and is about three miles southeast of Nvkeik. It w.is originally a Redilergoed, the possession of whicli conferred nobility. The l.isi nieinber of the family who bore the n.ime u.is Jeremias Van Rensselaer, who died in Nykerk, .\|>ril nth, uSkj. He married Julie Duval, and had no chiklren, and in his will, he stated that he had no heirs, except the \'aii Rensselaer family then living in America. " ' 'I'he estate of Reiisselaerwyck is now only a farm ; all the old buildings have % iji ^,^,,^., »(■'; ¥ wm I i m THE C.I.V l!i:.\SSi:i.AEI{S „,.. lately been tnken down-they nere covered with g.bks and w,th weather. .,cks of the arms and ae.st of ,l,e fannly, but all have now disapoearcd. There ,s scarcely a ciuirch in Guelderland d.at did not have son,eu-here the Van Kens selaer arms on ti,e tombstones, either ah,ne or ,|uartered wuh others Tl,e ex act coat of arms is a white basket (not caslle) with yellow flames, above a close.l (or knight's) hehnel.' " Kiliaen \,n Rensselaer, the fotuuler of d,e colony of Rcn.selaerwyck ,n America, was a man of character aiul of substance. He was a merchant of Anisterdam. wea d,y. aiul of h„h consi.leration. at a time when the merchants '" Holland had become, like those of Italy, ihe prin.es of the land. He w .s a proprietor of large estates, and a director in ,he Dutch West India t:omp,my' wh.ch company having obtained a fonting ,n America, instituted a college of nine commissioners in ,62,, to take the superior direction and charge of affairs o New Netherlaiul. Kiliaen X'an Rensselaer was a member of tins 'college A libera ch n.er of privileges to Patroons was obtained from the companv, which F-K1..I lor lounding a landed and baronial aris.ocnicy n,r the Frolin,; „f tlie Dutch m the New W orld. -Early in ,630 Kihaen X'an Rensselaer sent an agent from Holland, to ke his hist purchase of land, from the Indian owners, which pun base was auctioned by the authorities of the con,pany at New Antsterdam, ' who signed >e Insnument ami scled it will, the .Seal of the New Netherlands, in red wax ' l^em!;nt"'f r^ T" '"'f '*"' '""' "'' "' "'^^ >''''^ "^^- -'-" '- '"" "- mt of aiHl having been niade up, vu : A „a, , of twentydour nnles in l.Kadth by lorty-eight tmles in length, containing over seven hundred thousand ncres which now comprise the counties of Albany, Rensselaer, and p.irt of (.j nml.ia. ]le himself never came to America to take charge of Ins colony. All his colonists, numbering one hundred an,i hfly a.lults. was sent out at his .."•n cost, and, as the charier re.piired, the colony was planted u ithin four vears fiimi the completion of his purchases. '• 'n- I--.- of l.,,troon, „he ,„le given by the West In.lia charter .0 these ■•bnu,„s) was analogous ,0 that of the ohl feudal barons, acknowle.lging „nlv . S.aUsCenera of Holland as their superiors. The Patroon maintanied a ^ -luary and judicial authoritv, had his own ,or„....s, plan.ed wiU, h,s w cannon, nhe original s„ll in possession of the manor house flnnilv , manned l'> Ins own soldiers, with his own flag waving over them. The cour.s of the '"l-'ny we,e ns own courts, where -he gravest questions an.l hi^hest crimes were cc,gm.able; but. w„h appeals in the more important cases. ' Justice was ad- ".wn tered in Ins own n.nue. The colonists were his immediaie subjects, and t""k the oath of leaky and allegiance to him. " The position of the colonv was one of great delicacv an.l .lanuer. eing -n,und..d by warlike tribes of savages; but. happily. ,he Patto..,!; of tl ^ M. ami their .brectors. by a s.ri.-t observance of the laws of justice, and bv m ntainiug a giiarde.l c.n.lii,., towar.l them, escape.l those wars an.l c.mdi. ,s. so c.mmon among the infant colonies of the country. Hut, with the authorities at I I iii 5 404 Xt .1 (ioDcim.n OF u\\siii.\(;t(>x. Aiiisteid.un, there were coiisl.int col'.i.iioiis ; ;iiui nii one occasion, it wiis so shall) that (lovenior I'elnis Stuyvesant sent up an armed expedition to invade the CoKinv >f 1 <.ensseiaeivvyck ; but foriunately, ins e\p nul iuipudv l)loodless ;is it was ippily laer visited his colony in i dilion was unsuccessliil L'd llial Ivdiaen \'an Reus bootless, it is ; n person in i6;7. If he ever ilid come, his slay in iliis comitry was not loiii;. An order written to Arendt Win Corlear (hisCoiii- niissarv-Cieneral and Colonial Serrelary) with regard to the arrangement ol some of his alfairs in the ('ulunie of Rensselaerw\c us signed in Amster( ember lolh, '64,^ Sept the Colonie's seal ship bv K .■n \'an Rensselaer, and sealed wi th 1 lis own anil 'I'l Arms )f !• IIS onler was se KensseLierwvck,' ' lit to New Netlierlaiul in the I'.itrooli's ■vliieli was despalc:lied with an assorted invoice of merchandise, valued at twelve thousand, eight liiindred and seventy guilders (12,870 giiildeis) and was intended lor the use of his t'oloiiie. " In 1664, great < iiaiiges timk place ; the I'Jiglish i:oiK)uered the province which had hitherto belonged to the Dutch, and the Colony of Rensselaerwyck fell, with that of New Amsterdam; but the luiglish ( lovernors conlirmed the claims and privileges of Rensselaerw_\ck when the Provinces passed under lirilish rule. "In 1685, the Dutch Colony of Rensselaerwyck was converted and created into a regular lordship or manor with all the urivileges belonging to an English estate and jurisdiction of the manorial kind. To the lord of the maiuir, Kiliaen, the fourth I'atroon, w,\s expressl)' given authorit}' to administer justice within his domain in both kinds, in his own court leet and courtbaron. Other large privileges were conferred on him ; and he had the right, with the free- holders and the inhabitants of the manor, to a separate representation in the Colonial .Assembly. .Ml these rights continued iniimp.iired down to tin ue of the war of the Revolution. "The fust I'atroon, Riliaeii \'an Rensselaer, was twice marrieil, and had nine children — five sons and four daughters — all of whom survived him, and adord- iiig to the laws of Holland, shared equally his estates. Me tlied in 1646. His first wife was Hillegonda \'an Hylelt, b\ wiioin he had one son Juhannes, who m.irried his cousin I'lli/.dieth \'an Twiller. "Johannes Van Rensselaer was the second I'.ilroon, and died young leaving one son Kiliaen; the estate in .America was m.maged b_\ his uni le J.iii [(.ijiiist A'.in Rensselaer, who was made 'director of ihe estate.' " Young Kiliaen, third I'atroon, ni.irneil his cousin .Anna \\\u Rensselaer, and died in 1687, at W.itervliet, N. \'., witlioiit (hildren. This .Anna (daugh- ter of jeremias \'an Rensselaer) married William Nichol. " Jan Baptist \'aii Rensselac , the son of the first I'.ilidoii, by his second wife Anna Van \\'ely, married his cousin Susan \'an W'ely. He was for many \iirs director of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck, and finally returned to Holland, about 1656, where he became one of the leading merchants of .Amsterdam, and died in 167S. Jeremias \'an Rensselaer, the third son of the first I'atroon, succeeded his brother Jan Itajitist, as tlirector of the Colonic in 1C158, and for sixteen years .' ' '' T I Married Maria Van Cortlandt, 1662. •/"J 1 Utiitnemtui't. iif "3 il I ? I i; ^ mWmd^mj-Mk Tin: r.tx i:i:\ssi:i,.imis 407 1^ .1 ailmiiiislt,-ic(l its affiiiis with ••rent pniilt-iK c .iiid (liscietion. He \v;is mucli re- siK'cifil !))■ the I''rciu:li, and wielded an inlliieiicc over tlie Indians wliic h was only SMI passed hy tliat of Van C(iiiear. On iicconnt of the inatcuracies of ilie l)oiindaiies, etc., considerable dilfuailly was e.\|)erienccd in ojjlaining a patent for the manor from the Duke of N'ork, upon the cliarif^e of government from the Dutch to tiie Kiinlish rule, 'i'o obviate the Irouhle, s<.nie persons ol inllueiue advised Jereniias • the director,' to take out a patent in his own name, hi' being (lualificd to h(ild real estate, having become a I'.iilish subject. 'I'o his great honor, il is recorded that he lejected the advice, saying ; ' lie was only coheir, and could n,il thus defraud his sisters and brothers.' " In ifif).), Jereinias Van Rensselaer was ele( ted speaker of the Representative Assembly of the I'rovince. The fust (|ueslion which ei, gaged the attenticjii of this Assembly was that of the i)residency. New Amsterdam claimed the I ,r as the capital, and Ren.sselaerw)( k ckiimetl it as the oldest ( 'oloiiie. The riLiht of the latter was adniilled, and the I loiioiable Jereniias Van Rensselaer took the chair under i)rotest. lie was a man of great indn-,try, and communicated to llolLind an account of various occurrences in this country, under ihe name of ' The New Netherland Mercury.' Mis correspondence (Irom 1656 to his death) still in good preservation, affords a valuable and interesting commentary on jjrivate and public all'aiis, and contains a relation of ficls and incidents uhich, olheruise, would have been irreparably lost. He died on the 12th of October, 1674, and was followed to the grave by a large concourse of mourners. "Nicol.nis Van Rensselaer (the ei.^hth child ot Kiliaen, the first I'.itroon) was a clergyman of the Dutch Relormeil Chinch, On being introduced to Charles II. ot I-aiyland, then in e.\ile at Hrussels, he pn.|ihesied the restoration (,| ihe monarchy to the throne of KiiLjIainl, which circiimsi.iiK c atterwanl obt,iii.ed tor him a cordial reception at the Court of .St. Janus, when be visited London as ch.iplaiii to the Dutch I'anbassy. In ackncjwledgment of the truth (jf the jaedic- tion, the king im-senied him with ,1 snnlf bo.x, {This royal relic is now in the possession of the Manor House \'an Rensselaer family at .\lbaiiy.) Ui)oi) com- ing to America, the Dutch church looked upon him with suspicion, le.iring he was papist, as one having been ordained in l•;li^lalld as I'lesbMer of the llishop of S.ilisbury— and declared he had nothing to do with the Dutch ChuK h, with- out a certificate from their cl.isses. Dr. \'an Rensselaer jirodiiced his pjpersand cerlilicites— that of his graduation as de.uoii and as ricsbyler of the liishop of Salisbury ; bis majesty'.s allowance of him under bis signature to be a minister, and to preach to the Dutch coii.i^regali. 1 .it Westminster; two certificates of his being Chapl.nn to the Ambassador I'Atr.iordinary from the Sl.iles ot Holl.n.d : and also of having (jfliciated in a churcli in London as lecturer ; and the Duke ol York's rocommeiidation of hiin to the ])resent governor in tliis country. "The govern. ir c.illed a council to decide the matter, asking the ojiposiiig iniiiisters, why Dr. \'aii Rensselaer should not be considered cai)able of admin istering the sai-raments of the church, etc. The ministers recalled their jirevious views, and brought in a paper, 'amended, with .ill submission.' 1 1 tf i; I II ■ i 408 A aolHlUl.lt OF nASIII.\(lT(K\ ' 1 ■ 1 i. 1 \> 1 \ 1 II It ^'1 r " RfVfieiid Nicolaiis \'aii Rensselaer iiKirried Alida Scluiyler, (!:iiij;liter of riiilip I'ieterse Scluiyler. He died in 1678, witlioul cliildren, and his widow married Uoliert Livingston, first proijrietur of Livingston Manor " Ryi.kert, tlie youngest son of Kiliaen, tlie first I'atrooii, was fcjr many years one of the niagistr.iles of Albany, and also director of the Colonie, aller the death of his liinther Jeremias. He married in Holland, Anna Van Beamnoni. He owned the 'Uouerie' called ' The Flatts,' four miles north of Albany, which, on his return to Holland in 1670, he sold to I'hilip Sthiiyler. He was at one lime treasurer and burgomaster of X'ianen ; he died about 1695, leaving five Sons and five daughters, only one son and three daughters being married. " Three of the daughters of the fust I'atroon, died unmarried. These were Maria, Ilillegonda, and Klonora. Susanna, the fourth daughter, married jaii de la Court, ami lived and died in Holland. " On the death of Jeremias Van Rensselaer, in 1674, the affairs of the (i.loiiy of Rensselaerwyck were administered conjointly, during the minority of Kiliaen (then twelve years of age) by Dominie Nicolatis Van Rensselaer and Stephanus ^'an Cortlandt. Nicolaus had the directorship of the Colony ; Madame \'an Rensselaer was the treasurer; and Slepliamis Van Corllandt had charge of the books. Dominie Nicolaus dying in 1678, the chief management of the minor's affairs devolveil on his aunt and his uncle. Madame Maria \'ai) Rensselaer was the daughter of Oloff (Stephenson) Van Cortlandt and Ann Lockermans, and married Jeremias \'an Rensselaer in 1662. She died in 1689, fifteen years after his death, leaving three sons, Kiliaen, Johannes, and Hendrick ; and two daughters, .•\nnaand Maria. Johannes died unmarried. l''rom these two brothers, Kiliaen and Hendrick have sprung all the descendants of the Van Rensselaer blood in this country. The heirs of the first I'atroon held his estate in common until 1695, nearly fifty years after his dealh. At that time, all of his children except R\ckert and I'^lonora, were dead. Li 1696, negotiations were entered into with Kiliaen of Albany (son of Jeremias, deceased) and the heirs in Holland, for a settlement of their grandfather's estate. On the 25th of Novemlier, 1695, the set- tlement was completed and the legal paper executed. 'I'he Hollander attorney fur Ryckert, Filonora, and for the thildren of Susanna, deceased, released to the -Xmerican for himself and as attorney for his brothers, Johannes and Hendrick, and for his sisters Anna and Maria, all the Manor of Rensselaerwyck containing seven hundred thousand acres of tillable land ; all the Claverack track of sixty thousand acres except three farms, and all the personal properly, ex( ept 'seven hundred pieces of eight ' (01 seven hundred dollars) ; and the American released to the Hollanders all the estate, real and jiersonal, and contingent, in Holland, of which the Crailo estate and a tr.ict of land in Guelilerland formed a part. " Lour of the nine children of the fust ]ialroon had died wilhi ut heirs; his widow was also dead ; consequently the estate was dividetl into fi\e pails, one for the family in America, and the other four, for the heirs in Holland. " Measuring the whole estate by our conception of the value ot tliat in America, we should be likely to form an erroneous judgment as to its amount. m W' h iPWf rnr. r.i.v hesssei.akus 400 I Land here, at that tinic, was very tlHap, hiiiuheds (,f acres could be boiglit fn.ni the Indians for trinkets. 'Jhe whole estate nieasmal by the sum whicii the Hollanders stipulated to pay to Elonora \an Rensselaer, eight hundred l SDii 111 Stcjilicn \ III Ki-iisM'laci , an d ( '.ithiTiiif lav in^sl nil was liiiiii N. aciiiIht, I 7fi I, III lln' Cilv (if Nrw \ulk, at ll If hiiiisc 111 Ills giaiK dlatli' 1' Hill) lavinL;st(in. His latlicr 1 ia\ iiil; died, lin' < a re (i| his cdiicalidii dcvclnpid laificly upon Mr. I,i\in^;sliiii, ulm pl.n cd him at si luml in I'.li/alii'lh, N. J.; Iml the stiiiinj; liiiifs nf ihe Rcvtiliiliun came on, and Mr. l.ivin};st(in, with Ins lamily, was driven iVum tln' City nl New N'ork, and lunk refuse in Kinf^stiiii. 'I'his plaie pussessed a teaiher of f^real schnlarship, under uln.se < ate the yiaiii^" Stephen \'aii Rensselaer titled liimsell' lur (ullei;!'. lie went lo I'rilK etuii, under the eeielirated I )r. W'llherspimn -. Iml.at that lime New Jeisey was luil safe IViim the incursions of the war, and so the voiiiii; CDllegian «'.is removed to Ilarv.ird I'niversity, ( 'amlindne, M.iss. In 17S2, he took his . a d.nigliier ot the last I'atroon. (" In this inantisiriiit of Mrs. Jusline Win Rensselaer Towiisend, she did not mention what would he inleresling lo add. lli.il in ihc I'ldlesLmt C'hun h at Nykerk, 1 loll.nid, there .iri' two moiinmrnis irei led lo t'ne memory of I leiiilrii k Will Reiisscl.ier .ir.d uf his hioihcr h'h.iiin, ulin lioih he liuried llicre. Hen drick. ll'.e faliier i>\ Kili.ien, liisl IViiiniin ut Repssfl:ui\v\ ck. u.is.i c.iplain in the 1 liilcli .irniv. .iiid w.is kill; d al llie sit'ge i.f ( )slend. ihe (jih of |iiiie, i6oJ. Ills liidthei j.ih.mn, liki-wise a c,i|i|,iiii u.is killed on llie 71I1 of I'eliru.iry, 1601. The coat of arms, of the Win Rensselaer t.imily is plac<'d al Ihe lo|i and at the fool of the nioiiumeiils ; .ind ihe crests of the families inio wh.ii h iliev inter- married loim the lioidcriML; I'lioli'graphs of these interesling m.iiliK's are in the possessing of the fimily. |. \'. R. T. > •' l''or eighlv four mmis immedi.ilelv pr<-cc(ling the Revolution, the Win Rrnssel.ier Manor w.is never wilhont ils Ri'preseiil.itive in llie .\ssenil)h of the Province, alw.ivs either the proprietor or, in case of ,1 minor liis ncuxsl rel- ative." rill'. V.W KINssI I.U 1^ \IA\oK Mill si .\ I' .\1|;.\NV " The V, 111 Renssel.ier NLiini llnuse oi' ihe ' I'.ilrooii's,' as it was usually e.illed, w.is, at the time of lis erection, the li.iiidsuniesl lesidence in the ( 'oloiiies, .111(1 as such it e.xerteil .1 uide inlliieiice over the architecture of the amhitioiis dwellings in ihe neighhorhood. The building was creeled in 17(15 liy .Sicphen \ .111 Rensselaer under the liireclion of his guardian, (ieneial Ten IJineik. The house W.IS so eom|)lelely remodeled in iS.}o .(^, from designs liy Ipjiphn, that Init lillle resemblance lo the old building w.is left. !• rom an oil painting ni.ule be- lore th.il d.ite the char.K ler of the building e.in ( learh be seen, while another p.iiiuing shows the great gardens. The original house w.is built of brick of iin- iisiial si/e and wa.s painted in the ('olonial culors, cream ami while. MARGAKIIA SCllU Yl.KK. (Wife iif SU-pluti V.m KiiisM-Uiir III.) V'.i r 1 h F p. Pi (•,11 riu: r.i.Y niis.-iSEi.M'.us 417 I 1 " Oi> June 3(1, 1S45, tlic building \v:is diK-iifd after the extensive repairs had been completed. 'I'lie mansion was reclangidar in plan, witii the i;reat liall lu'cnty-four feel broad, eMendini; from the front to llie rear of tiie house, some forty-sis I'eet. , On either side of front and rear doors were two laige windows witli deep window seats. 'I'lie w.ills were decorated with frescoes upon a jellow b,u kground, which in their day were tlie wonder u\ the countiy. 'I'lioe were painted upon large sheets of heavy ])aper, and were executed in Holland especially for tlic room and i)Ut on in 1768, the bill fjr whii li is still in the possession of the family. " 'I'he west wall of tiie hall was p;ei( ed in the centre by u large arched door- m 14 j,^. ZA I! VAN MiNSSKLAER MANOR IIOUSE. way leading to the stairs, ll.mked by Ionic pilasters. To right and left were doors .giving access in die front to the 'greenroom,' used as a recf|)tion-roiim, and on the re.ir to the study or office room of the I'alroon. ( )ii the opposite wall were two simil.ir doors, one of which gave entrance to the .•^tate bedroom in front, the other to the paneled room in the rear. " 'I'llere were four 'arge frescoes which tilled the n.dl surl'a( es on ih.e side walls between the doors and the front and rear walls. A still l.irger one covered the wall o])posite the large arched doorway ; on either side of this were four smaller |)anels repre^ii'Uting the four se.isons. I'he pictures were surroundeil by arabes(pies in the style of l.ouis W. The woodwork in this hall was very elaborate : the door ami window frames were crosseted, and above the dor is were broken pediments. The cornice was of larved wnod. .\s has been ,il- flii 418 A GODCHILD or U-ASiriXdTOX If I ready said, hotli cornice and doors served as models for those of many other liouses of this ])eriod. " 'I'he state beihooni u.o a large sciuare room on the first story. Here was the great mahogany bedstead, ornamented witii doljihins and wreaths cast in brass. 'I'iie mantel in tliis room was one u( the lew wliich were preserved when the house was remodeled. Twli cohinnis supported the jianel bar, on which were carved a I'l'ii and a lioness. " liehind this njoiu was the 'panel' room, which before the alterations, was HALL OF VAN RENSSELAER MANOR HOUSE. used as the family dining-room, the slate dinners being given in the large hall. The walls of this room were of wood from lloor to ceiling. A low paneled wainscot surrounded the mom, whose baseboaril and chair rail were elaborately carved with a running pattern. Above, large panels reached to the lornice, which was also of elaborately carved wood. The iloors were the most bcaulilul in the building, the frames were decorated with carved egg-and-dart and water- lily mouldings, ami the curved pediment above framed a bust of carved wood. The fireplace was the haiul?,omest in the building, two marble carvatides uphold- ing the mantel sbelt. "()n the west i>\ tlie main hall was the private study, a scpiare room wlu se walls from lloor tn ( eiling were lineil with mahogany bookcases. The m.n ul was ui)held by two small columns. Above it was the jjicture i)anel, which is almost universally found in houses of this jieriod. The small reception-room had been so comi)letely remodeled that only a fragment of wainscot, with a ^5 i Tin: I '. I .Y I! i:\SSEI. .1 EllS 419 carved chair rail, which had Wtw concealed behind a pier glass, was left to show the style of the room in the original house. " The stairs opened off the hall and were lit by a semicircular window of stained glass in the west wall, on which the family coat of arms was depi( ted. 'i'radition declares this to be the original window wliich was pl.iced in the old Dutch Chinch in i65('), in memory of Jolm li.ipiist \ an Rensselaer. Several others, also were placeil in the church by the more important Dutch families. 'i"he stairs ascend on the right wall with broad tieads to the wide landing, on whicii for many years stood the spinet. In the second story a wide hall, the fill width of the stairs, ticcupietl the middle of the hcjiise. From this opened through low iieilimented doors, eight bedrooms, six of them large S(inare rooms and two of them small dressing-rooms. This hall was u^ed by the tamily in the evening as a sitting room. 'I'he third or attic story had the same large hall. On this story were only four large lieilrooms, the remaining space being occupied by spacious closets. The walls of the stairs and hall walls from the bottom of the house to the top were covered with a gla/ed paper, giained to imitate oak, divided into panels by egg-and-dart nxjuldings. The staircase was well lit bv a skylight filled with stained gl.iss, which was inscrteil in the attic tloor and lighted by a skylight in the roof. " 'I'he cast wing was occupied by two l.irge rooms, 'i'hat in the front was the main reception room, tli.it in the rear was the library. "The windows of these rocans extended to the ficjor and gave access to the two large balconies in front and rear, and the four small balconies on the sides. The doors were pedimeiited and the\-, as well as the windous, had frames deco- rated with hand-i arved egg-and-ilarl mouldings. 'I'hese rooms, when the great folding -doors between them were opeiicd, formed a magnificent room for enter- tainments. " The walls of the library were lined with beautifully carved mahogany book- cases, above which were plaster busts of the i)rominent men of those times. " In the west wing w.is the great dining-room. Here for thirty years a lavish hospitality was dispensed, which made the manor house a noted place, not in this cotmtry alone, but abroad. In Imki its own against the IJoiirse. Money-getting is the great ulijcct of life in this practical age. "As I'ithvard IV. stdod : ,- tion rompanies and he w,,s truly the master spin, uhi. h infnse.l lileand vi.or ■ mo the whole undertaking He had sketched an.l caused to be execute.! the plan of locks at the little falls of the Mohawk and Wood creek. Those feeble begn.mngs le.l on ste,, by step to the bolder and glorious consummation of the Kne Canal. He was placed at the head of both of the navigation companies, an, h,s miiKl was ar.I.MUly ,lirect..l for years toward the execution of those lib- eral ]ilans of internal improvement " _" Elkanah Watson." writes Hensun J. L.ssing, " in the autumn of ,77s, pai,l a journey to l-„rt Schuyler (now Kome,, then at the hea.I of ba.leau navigation on the Mohawk river. While there he conreiv.-.l the i.lea of pro,lucing a\vater connectmn l,etweeu the Ibulson river an,i I-ake Ontario, by means of a canal fn.ni the Mohawk to Uoo.l cr.-ek, a tributary of Oneida lake, an.I thence ,h,un the Onondaga river (renamed Oswego) to Oswego on I,ake Ontario " He returned to .Albany and ha,! much conversation with P.eneral Schuyler on the subject of both a - northern and western canal." "The subject was bn.u.-ht before the Legislature in Janunrv, 179^ and nn act was passe,! by which tw,i companies were chartered "" The following letter from General .Schuyler to Mr. Watson gives a hi.st.. v of the movement. ' - ■Sik: • \lW ^^ .KK, M.nirli .)tli, i;()2. conu.uu.t ," """ u' ; '""""-"' "■''"■'' ' "••'•^ "■" ""^-"- ''-■» <""'•"'-•• This on a c „,„„„.,1 ,. ,„|1 f„, uu.„r,wati„g 1„„1, cn,npnn,es, ,,,,0 f,,,- the wcMvvn. .,„„l,e,- for ru U TT'T "■ '"■"'"' "■'" '" ''""^' '■^^■" ^■■^'■-'' "" ^'""-- "-- <>"-''^ 'nke s . , , ,:, ;; "i;' ' — ;--e.nen, of ,lK. wo,l■.--- - • "^i:.: '•When this l.ill „ns i,„ro.l„ce.l into the .Senate, .he pl.-,n. Kener.allv, appeare,! .0 me so c- cepnonable ,h,a, I ,l,n.„,n i, <.„cnn.hen, on „,e ,0 Mate n,v i.leas on „,e ,,',..., a, la,g ThTy """''. ■"'•! ".11 I'O co„,pl„o,l ,o.,n.,now l,y flllin,, „n ,1,.. Mank. l!y ;his 1„!I ,uc .-.mpanie, ■12.-> ; ij •I -'(J A (loiicim./i OF uAsiii.sarox »"< IM arc to 111' incorporatoil ; nnc fur tlio «i-^tirn, llic ntln r leu lln' imiilirrn iiavij;alion. It i> iho- [xiM'il lliat each »liall iniiii'l sliaio; that siil)>t'ii|ilioiis >liall In' (i| iiumI liy ciiiiiiiil>-.ioncrs, at New \ uik ami All)any ; lliat tin- lionk-. -.Iiall lie kept opiii a niniitli ; ilial if miiie lliaii one tlii>ii.sanil ^liaii's are siilwcriNeil, tlie cxi'e>s decliiotetl frolii eaeli Mrli^criptidii pro rata, so, iieverllieless, a^ llial no Miliscrilier shall have less than one shaie; that every suli- scrilier shall pay, at the liiiu- i>l ihe sulisiriptioii, say thirty dollars, ami that the ilireclorsof the incorporation sliall, from linir to time, as occasion may reipiire. call nn iluse suliscrihers for additional monies to prosecute the work to I'llect, whence the whole sinii lui each share is left indelinile. " TIk' westi rn company are lo luf^in their woiks at Schenectady, and to pioceed lo \Vo(]d Creek, ll this part is not conipletnl in years say six or eif;ht, then the corporation is to cease ; hiil, liavinj; completed this in years more — say ten, they are lo he allowed lurllier time for exlendin{» the works to Seneca Lake and to Lake ( )ntario; and, if not completed within that term, then the incorp, .,,,,, ,f y„„ .-,„„<. away .„, Satunlay .„■ M„„,l.y ^i,, ,,, ,„„, ,„,,,, I lay r,M„,. will, f,.,,,- l,or.<-, ; ,|,.. ,„a.l.s have U;u partly ,rpai,v■ '■^"'- ' """■''^^ "'i^ '^•"'"' ''^-ii'"ei-. Mrs. Wash- "K.O. N ortou, I'loladelphia, with y>n, a„d your dear Ma.na wl.eu 1 ,e,ur„ 1 am pleaded to Icaru that .nowers and lahorers were prucued with lit.lc dih.cuhy •■ Syrup of „,aple juice ,s „ut to he ol.taine.l here as no„e is ma.le in this eoun.rv. 428 A concifllJ) OF W \sill\(;rnx h In* " Tlie j;niiiiiil wlicir wo ii|ieiMlf i^ |ii'rU'illy ihy, iIk' miU ^iiu rally a rod s,>iul, .iml tlio «alcr of llio ricok sii ra|iiil, ll-,..l llii> plaoo is iiorfoolly lioallliy — 'nil of twoiily fuur workiiion mily two or three have boon .sli^^litly iiulisiuiscd ami not a siok person now on llio f^mnml out of live families who are liore — 1 am tliorofore not iiiulor llio least a|>|iroliensioii of siokness, oitlior fn ni falifjiio or llio air of tlio jilaoo. •• What will Mr. livinnslon ami his lloinocratie fiiemls say of the KoiniMii- ol 1 laii.o ^;ov- eriied by a Kin^;. How the ahsiird conduol of these peoplo loads lliem coiuimuUly into the niiro — theio may they remain •• I'liiibra'-e your doarlv beloved Mama, your amiabh' si,|rr and her ohildreii. 'I'hey and you jiartieiiiate in my warmesl aflooiion. " Adieu my amiable and beloved child, " Vours ever most tenderly, " I'll. Si. IIIVI.ER. " Mlbb Sent VI KK, ■• .\lbany." The fiiJiiiwinL; nnccilote was fiirnihhecl me liy bis great nepliew, General John Cochran ui New York Cily : CF.NT.KAI. srHrVI,i:K AMI llli: lirTCHMl N ul' Till". MiiHAWK M' II 'i ;;5 lill! "The iiavig.ilinn of the interior w, iters of tlie stale iuul eiif^ageii tlie atten- tion of" General Schuyler at a very e.irly jierioil. His intiiiwle knowledge of its liydrography revealed to him the praclalnlily of a svsiem of slate improvements, which could cunnect the l.ikes with the Atlantic. He e'on then perceived that New York commanded the outlet to the oi ran tor the produce of the West ; and long bet'ore De Wilt Clinton einh. irked his foriunes in the I'^rie Canal, General Schuyler had projected a more feasilile (ilan for attaining its pro])iised object. " His scheme consisted of slack water navigation nj) the Mohawk to Wood creek, thence to Oneida Like and so tliroui;h the Oswego river to 1 ,ake Ont.irio. Hut to complete this chain a system of locks would be necessary to overmme the descent in the Mohawk at I.illle I'alls. 'I"lie success of bis project depeiuling very much upon the favor with which it should meet from the Hutch settlers on the Mohawk, he proci vded to possess lluin with his views. They assembled by prearrangement at S]M.iker's Tavern (since the I'aie Canal, better kiuiwn as Sjiraker's ]5asin). There the General met them and opened to them his plans. They perceived the advantage aiul were ple.ised with the ]irospei t of the Mo- hawk's bearing the commerce of the state past their doors ; but they coiikl not understand luiw tlie bo.its could asi end ilie I.illle i''alls. 'I'he General explained that they would be carried up by locks; but to no iiur|iose. Tliey liked the General and would lake bis word for anjihing, but he couldn't m.ike them be- lieve thai w.iter would run up hill. " .\t this they parted l.ile in the night — the Diiti limen to their beds, and the Ge.ieral, v,-orrying over his failure, lo his. .\t a thought however, be arose ami lighting his candle, took his knife and a few shingles, and going into the \ard, dug a miniature canal of luo different levels which he connected by a lock of I ■» p/:iiri)!) /7W-/SV)/ ^.„^ shingles. Then providing hunsclf with , pail of water, he sumn,one,l ,he )n.elHnen (ron, the,r beds, and pouring >l,e water into the di.,1, locked a chip through from the lower to the upper level. "'Veil! Veil! General/ the I),,., h.nen cr.ed, ' we now nnderstan.ls and we all goes nm you and de canal ! ' '• The ca-jl was ■ rmi , nfrl, . , tiuy, i. has occurrcl to n.c. tlia. ..„ invcs„j;n,ion of tin' „.„• ' ■ " , T ''"" would ,.,„ ,. c,„„p,.ci,e,„io,, wi,„ ., n,„ch',oiii.v. , ;„ ..e,; i: ^^ H : ,:'":'"'r";' r i ;: :c';,: ^"^" ;"--:";- "-■-'■ -' -i. concisions .. , s„i„ iaancc u- . juiiUs lo coincide in opinion. '' nowr';!",M'T "" ''"'■" " ^.''^'^'"""'^ "^ "'^^ '-' — ■■>' or ,1,0 ,„M d,>v of n mon.l,. . o« I > us .ale,l J.i„u,.iy, or at .!,c hcginnin., of ,!„. ,„-sl n.onu.,,. of .lu- ,i,M d,,y o,- anv otlio ■Iny of any o.l.or nioiuli, is peilVcly iunuatcna. in tlu- solution of ,l,e .pie.lion u I. , i n ^U lon-i, ,s .agreed on a„ „a,uls ,„a. ,„e C'liii.ian .Acia connncncod wi'th the bird, If m;,, 1 shall theicfoie pivmiso the follnwins postulata : •■ .^.. That the hi,-,h of <'h,i., „.as in tlie heginniuK ot Ow hist ,uon,cn, of Ihe In., d.y of Iho month ol January. ' •■ ^.1. That the ChriMiau .\e,a is made up of a continued se,ies of ,i,„e called vea,-s yl. 1 h.al a year commences with the liist pa,-.iele of li.ne nf ,he 1„M dav of i,„,na.y and .-nina.es with the end of the las, paitide of ,ime of ,he la,, dav of ,he ,h;.„ fol „« c.™l.e. .,d .ha, a year eoi.i.s of .3 calenda,- n,on,hs as ,1,., a,; named in our Com.la.l:. •■ 41I1. Thai ..ne hnnd,e. TlK., l.e,ween .he las, par,icle of ,in,e of ,1,; las, ,lav of any neeomher and , he .cg,nni„« of .he l.rsi panicle ., ,in,e of ,he .lis, d.iy of ,he ,l,en Miccee.l n, ,anna,- i n,e,.veiies, l,u, ,ha, „o,h are in eon,ac,. ,he one l,e«innin« whe.v ,l,e o.her^ ds ana, holds vM.h respect to a continued s,.,ies of space as well as ,i„,.. .1,;. 'i';'::;!! :":i:z:r '''•^""^^'■'' ■ -^^^- - "^ —>■•■• -' "--. ,>.e.n.ed „„;: ■;)';,, "■;;'; "^ ■' •;' •:'"'~' '"' r -■• "" "- -— "■ i- i-nn-u-i ... consider hm, as . o, ,1,. l,„,„an ,,ace). -ime as ,o hi,„. was no, l.e.oie, l,u, commenced will, his l,i„h ; ,ha, he m,„nen. o| ,,. ,,„,h was ,he,efo,e ,lie lirs, niomeii, of ,he Chris.ian .Aeia. fn,,,, « em the compu.a.ion ,,r \ ears and Centuries is ,o cninmence. a.id ,hat hence it fo ,l,e , •h,i.,nn Aeia ,s a senes of years, in arithmetical piOHres.ion. ,|,. ,i,s, ,er,n whereof fas l,e«inninf. „,'.l, .lH.lH.,,nn,l,,of,he,l,.,pa,,ic:cof,i„.._,,,„,H,wi.h.hela,,hof,■hl•is.)isaeyphe'or(.^and I I mm ''''iiii'iKmmmmmmmmmmmtKKimillimB. 4:i(i .1 (iiiiicii'i . or u'Asinx'.nix " •* -^ ' '■■-•-I IIP I'lch interval of llie serio, or cniimiuii ililk-iciu-o, is diic year, .mil if carried on lu any nunihir I'f li-rnis as lo llic iiiil of llie last nionjcnt of tliL' year yy (wliieli liy postulate t'li- 5th i is the licginninj," of llie lirst niomeiit of tlie year Ioc5, the number of intervals or years intervened will he 100, or a century conipleated, anil er,' 1 if the scries had lieen continued to the end of the last moment ul lyyv ( wliuli hy posiulate the 5lh) is the ln,;inninj; of the first moment ol the year iSoo, compleal iSoo years will have intervened, or iS compleal centuries ended, and that every )iarticle of time suljsei|uent to the end of the last moment of '799 marks the lie;;iiiiiiii(;of the 1st January ei|Uintly in the lylh (enlury. " Let us now attempt 10 elucidate what lia^ been said Iv iIh- diaj^ram : "The two parallel lines marhed A. I!, and I '. 1 1. may be lon-idered as the Chrislian Aera extended lo the en 1 of lone in an indelinile scries of years or intervals of years. "The vertical lines connccliiiH the two parallel lines as dividing; the air.i into intervals of years. "The dulled verliial line al the lef! eMnine ol i1k- tuo parallel lines as the beyiniiiiij; of lime, or the birth of I'hrist, or the bit,'iniiinH of ihi.- (hri-lian .Vera. "The vertical hnc over which the luimber I si.md- a-- iLeenduf the lirsl year when Chri-t was I year old, or as the last panicle of time of the last day of the >ay fust monlh of I lecember which had opened the f'liristian Aera and (by the 51I1 posUilate) the lirst particle of lime of i!j second month of January which bad accrued in llie n if the vcrlical lines liad lieeii continued to iSoo, the a;;(,'rei;ate of the intervals belween liis birth and iSoo Would have been iSoo, and in every part if this interval he would have been pro;;res,in)j lo his I Sooth year, ami would be l.Soo years old when the last part of ihe last particle of Ihe la>t day '■< I'ecember I7(iy was passed, which fby ](os|ulate Jth) i» llie lirst paili cle of the year iSoo, and compleats iSoo years or 18 centuries. " Hut if llie first century is not complealed until the end nf the in terval belween the vertical lines marked rrxiand loi. then loi inier\ab have intervenc <■..::.-. m vi:ni(ii> 17 no 1^0/ ■m markt.l fi( the- scries in i1k- .linKram UM l.een cminucd, j.Soo ai,.l iSoi, tlun iSui ini.rv,!, wuuM inlriA : l,ut iSol is a year more than IS cctuiie,, cnn.c.|iRnlly mrI, inl.u,,! «„„|.l III- HI 11. i; lir~i )i-ar of the lyth ixiUliry. •• l:u, nu-M c,f suun.l sen.e, .,,.1 of 'micI, eanchmr a. to l,o ,„ca|,a!,le of the sul,terfu);e uhah .-..v.Ihm; ahuut wor.-. emher of the next ye.r th-.'l i, ol the year iSoo is past, and that the 19th century does not cotnnicnce until the ist n eiit of the year 1801. " They have pinliahly reasoiud thus ; •• l-.T„n Ih. year , of the CliriMian Kia to the eml ol ih,- year iSro, ,„ In'imiinK of ,H„ only .Soo years or ,S centuries have intervened, and tlierefoi. ,he ,r„|, ,,,„u,y ,,,,, ,„„ „„„. nience uiml the hrs, day of January ,,S«,. So far they are ri«h.. lUit here they evuhnlly roinmence llieir coi.,,,u.ation, not from the liirth ol Christ-as l,et,.iunin« of tin,c-l,ut from a l.eriod when he was alrea.ly , year old. Thus in .on.putation of ,i„,e ue say from ,|„. |irs, day of January to the la-t day of I.e.emher inehiMve i, one year, or ^'5 dav,, 1 „t .!„■ fad is thai there are in that perioil only ;(i4 day>. " Hut If we say from the liis, of January to the last day of Ii,,, ,id„T I o,h in, luMve is one year, or .,f,s days, then We are rorre.,,. ( ,r in other words, Iron, the l.eKi.Miiiij; oftl,,. first par K-lc of fme of the hist day of January, ,0 the end of ,lie la-, |.article of titne of ,hc last d.ay ol IJeoeinher is one year or ;()5 days. A\MTIIl;k IJ lilUMIiiN "Suppose a surveyor was di,ee|,d to Un^n, a. the Xorth-wesl corner of ,he , lU h.d! a, \, w \ o,k and to ,„■ asure on a ,lue n..r,h eour,e iSoo ,1 , ai„l a, the end of So chains or a mile to set up a Mone ,n indicate ho.v Tar that sn.ne was from the .Vorth-wes, corner of , he city hall, what mark would h. place npon it. ^,. , ly he would ,„a,k it with the mmd.er I II he procee.led .So chains or , n.ile farther and -. t u,. another ...,ne, this he would mark will, the numher 2. ami pioceedinj; thus to set up a stone at ihe end of ,v,„v .So dinius or I mile when he had run i.S«, „„„., ,s;„ ,.|,ains. he would s, . up a .stone ami mark it iSoo; and tii,ni„K his face to ilic N.ulh lic would viy I am now i.Soo miles Iron, tin- iioilh «cs, , oincr of ihe lilv lall of New Vork. •• liul if he had put Ihe s|,,ne nunii.errd I at the \,,ith.wcst corner of ih,- cilv hall, II,, n I'.e stone to he placed al .Sochains or I n.ile fro,,, ,he said lornei would have lieen'marked 2 and the stoue ma,ked i.Soo ..nly i;^ miles from New \,„k. Hul pla. inj; the -lone ,na,kcd' I at the Norlhwest co,i,er of the city hall, and a stone ma,ked 2 at the di,la„,e of a mile f,om the id corner wouM su,ely mislead the traveler in determininf; l.ow far he »a, fi. m New \ nrk ■ i r seeing 2 „,arke,l on the stoue he would conclude that he had s,i|l ,„„ „„l... ,,, ,,avcr.e to he at Ihe New Vork City Ilalh " -And thus persons have l..'en in error on the sul.ject in .|ucstioii. Thcv h;ne placed I at the l.irlh of fhiisl, instead of placi,in il at the emi of a vear f>om his l.iiih', and thus njcctcd one entire year oul fif the series of years composing Ihe f hrislian laa. ".\dicu my helovcd chiM " Vriui^ ii.ost II n.lerlv "1'^ I. L ■ " i H. Si III.VII-.K. " .MKs, ( lilK' II. " New York.- ill " In i7(/,.-',,,i:(|,i,k-H ClL-irrelhi-Kent, "he iirpcl in liis |,l,-uf in tin- S.n.itc, an.l .itu-rwanl pmIiIinIumI in .-i i,;iin|,lih-t Inrm, liis i.l.iii for the iiii|,i,,vfincnt ,,f llie R-venue of this slat,-, am! in 1797 his plan was almost lih-railv adciii, ,|, mmmmmm AM A (.(inillll.li OF WASIII.ycTdX and t(j th.it we owe the iii^ilitiitiDii nt" the ntlue <.<( (■oiiiptrullt'i" lii 1797 he «as imaniuiinisly elected liy the two houses of our l,e,L;islaluie, a Senator in Con- gress ; and lie took leave ol" the Senate of this stale in a liberal and affecting address, whii'h was inserted at lari;e upon their journals. ( leiieral Scliu) ler al that lime labored under luessiue of ill health, and he was not able long to con- tinue his seat in Congress. "Hut the life of this great man was drawing to a (lose. 1 lirinied and uidor ( i'eter) Schu\ ler, he was well known to tiK'in .uid had inlliiencc to set .iside the s.de. In gratitude llie linb.ins ex- changed names with him. While residing in IJtica 1 saw John Schuyler of Oneid.i, and two others al different times when they came to celeliraie the Lord's S'lpper in the l^piscopal Church, but never h.id .111 oppoiiuniiy of con- versing willi them. in 1S48, wiiile living at Oswego, .i full bl.joded Oneida OLD SCHUYLER SILVER, 1650. (Snulfcrs' Stand. | 43S MM (// 435 Indian niunt'd Schuyler — a I, ill, i'uw\\ funned man — called upon me. He was a descenilent of a famous chief who had formerly had business wilh my father. " I'lie RedemiJtioners, and many of his tenants also appropriated the name ; and their descendents of the name of Schuyler and not uf tlie lineage, are numerous. " In 1760, my father went to i-'.nglaiid to settle his accounts as a ('ommissary to the lirilisii army. No sooner had they embarked than he began the study of navigation and management of the ship. 'Ten days after leaving New \'ork the captain died, and Ralph Izard, his cousin from South Carolina, who was also a passenger, with the consent of the crew, elected him to be master. In a severe gale they siglited a dismantled slaver with two lunulred negroes in irons ; the officers and crew were tr.uislerred to tlieir ship, anil the hatches ojiened that the poor black men might have a slight chance of saving their lives, 'i'hey next hailed a craft bound to the West Indies with a cargo of horses, and gave the captain of it, tlie bearings of the slaver, that they might if they ran across it, feed the wretched men on horse llesli. I'inali)- tliey were altai ked by a I'reiK h armed merchantman, and although tliey made a stout resistance were c.qitined, and then recaptured by an iMi^lish shii) that came to their assistance. .-Mter this series of remarkable adventures, Captain Sclniyler brought the vessel safely to the port of London. 'I'his account of the voyage was related to me by my father himself. .\ connnittee of I'arliament passed a handsome enconiiiun on the accuracy and neatness of his ( onnnissary accounts. These books were allerward stored in si.\ large trunks in the attic, wliere as a gill I delighted to examine them. " He was served by slaves, as Ldl men were at that period. Being a very ob- serving man, he was struck by tlie peculiar ckportment of one in particular — a I'leld hand — and upon iiKpiiry found that this man always took his meals alone, and never before he had waslied his face and liands, and that all his habits were those of a person of some refmement. My father queslitined him upon the sub- ject and became perfectly satislied that he was of high l)irth, undoubtedly a prince in his own country. He took him at once into the house, gave him an office near himself and the name of ' I'rince ' who soon l)etr.i\ed remarkable in- telligence. Separate apartments were allowed Inm, and the family and their friends treated him almost as an equal; every New Year I)a_\ he c. died u\\u\-\ everybody and was received with great cordiality. Many years before the \\ ar of Independence broke out, my mother said to him, ' I'rince I wish that )ou would place a tooth jiick under my plate c.Tih ('ay.' This he never omitted doing for forty years. My father related this circumstance to his friend, Mr. Jay. .Afterward, while the latter gentleman was in Ivnope, he had some (loliti- cal information to impart to deneral Schuyler, and directed the letter to the master of the man who for forty years had never failed to put a tooth pick under his mistress's pl.ile. There coidd be but one such ])erson, and the ])ackage reached its destination in safety. He always took his station beliind his master's chair, and as he b-'came advanced in yeais, my lather sliowi'd great 41 il IS ■mii wis^amtmrnm •!»« A ciuix'uii.i) OF \;:\siii.\(iT()\ coiisiilt-Tiitioii f(ir liis lie.i'tli and strength. (Jne liay at dinner, noticing liiat liis laithhil attendant loul;ed very feeble, lie said to him, ' I'rince yon need not serve me to-(hiy.' Not long alter one of the children came into tiie room and said, ' Fatiier, poor I'rince is crying ; lie says that now he is grown old that yon will not allow him to wait npon yoii any longer.' 'I'lie (leneral filled his glass with wine and told the child to take it to Prince and ask him to drink his health, and get strong for to-morrow's attendance. From that time nntil his he.\lih wholly failetl, he took his nsnal station. I'rince was as remarkable for his piniciiiality as was his master, and was never known to fail in any habitnal duty. On one occasion he was earnestly solicited to act as hearer at a fmieral. He replied that he could not possibly consent unless they were pinictnal at a certain hour ; this they readily iirotnised to be. Although he had warned them that when the time came he must leave, they paid little attention to his words, and were dilatory in their arrangements, and before they reached the grave the clock struck. He stopped at once saying that he had no more time to give to them and walked away, leaving them to supply his place as best they could. " My father was in the habit of rising very early ; he thought seven hours of sleep was sufficient for a man in good health. Uefore any other member of the family had arisen, he attended to his private devotions; anil then covereil sheet after sheet of foolscap with figures, preparing as 1 have since concluded for a system of rectangular .surveying. When on his deathl>cd he drew with tiiy as- sistance, the last diagram, and placing it in my hands observed, ' It is a fortune for my child.' After his decease this manuscript was entrusted to my brother- in-law, Washington Morton to convey to I'hiladelphia, that a famous scientist might examine it. Unfortunately it was lost by tlie way. " When his health would admit, he would read Jenk's prayers to his family, and as tnaiiy of the servants as could be present ; and after breakfast attended to his extensive correspondence. Long and frecjuent letters passed Ix'lween him and his son-in-law. General Hamilton, while the latter was Secretary of the 'Treasury, and most interesting and inijMjrtant documents they were. My father also wrote constantly to his esteemed friend Dr. Rittenliouse, the great mathe- matician of I'hiladelphia. At eleven o'clock he usually rode to Lewis's Tavern, a sort of coffee house, where the gentlemen of the city assembled to drink a glass of punch (although he never took any himself) ami to discuss the events of the day. All strangers of distinction resorted to tliis inn, and the table was always so well supplied, that whenever he pleased he could exercise hospitality there, without inconvcuieni ing his own household. He desired that his cliiklren should be so neatly dressed as never to be disturbed by unexpected guests. His chief pleasure in later years was in the society of C'haiuellor Kent, then juilge; Abrahanj \'an Vechten ; and John \'. Henry, all honored names. They passed many hours of each day together in social converse, always on important sid)jects such as internal improvements, wholesome laws, etc., etc. He abhorred scan- dal ; checked evervlhing like it ; and was tlie most forgiving of men. He said that no one truly forgave a wrong who liked to recall it ; charged his children I m PEliloi) nuoisoi •i;!7 never to speak of acts of kiiidiicss to others, nor of injuries received, tliou-li I .rk at his ' system ' to the close of his life. 1 le met of New \'oik, aiul a (lislingiiished soUlicr of tlii' Ri'volu- tioii." Samuel i;ratluatc(l from Columliia t'oilege in i 796, and was soon after — althougl) liut twenty years old — aijpointed secretary to \lce I'resident Adams. While ill I'hiladelpliia he saw much of I'resident and Mrs. Washington, and en- joyed the social life of the Rei)nl)lican Court as evidenced by the following un- published letter written at that time : '• I'un vmiriMA, lcl)ni.ny 21-t, 1797. " Dl-AR MiilMl 1; : " I lii)|H' loiij;lic('ore llii^ ivaclies you, you will have icct-ivi'd my Ktleiof >ome il.iy.-.pasl — I bc- licvi' I iK'ylcctt'il to iiifiirm yoii of iiiy prc-cnl siUiatioii of allaiis, wliicli aic an llaUcrin>;anil aj;ice- alile as I couKI po^ilily ilfsirr « illiout a \\i>li to wamltT almut. I >\\ uiulcr lliv lianiicr of Mr. Ail.ims who ' liroaliirs tlu' lVL'-.h in-ilnicliou o'er my niiml,' ami liis eoini>els are so nilxeil with ilelicacy, anil his advice tcnipereil willi pleasiiifj nlleelioii^. — .1111 I Ihiii iiut lo lie envictl? Happy imieeil woiiM I lie, completely Messeil ; Iml llieii wluii the slealiiif; lioiir> ol relleelioii arrive, l.ile ami alone, I contemplate in ple.isiiii; mel.mihuly the (lays that are ne\ei In return, tlu kinil inip.ulin),'^ of a fnend, the -oeial iiilenourse of f.uiiily ileli^lil, lieani fre--h iipmi my retlecliuns. Hut ihou^^lits like Ihese I know woulil fjive you pain — thercfi>re I foiliear. I yes- lerilay visited with .\dams, the President and l.ady and was particularly recmnniended to Mi>s Cuslis, tlieir niece. To ile-erilie the paitiiulars of what I saw and heard is impossilile lor me, particularly as it re^peel^ Mis. Washington. However, it far exceeds everything that I have ever seen. 1 intend ihi^ evening to ^o lo the I're^iileiU's hall with my old friend. Nothiuf; of con.secpionce to inip.irl, liut pray write me very ^oon, and address your Idlers to the care of Ihe Vice I'resident, and wiile me the news holh puMic ami private. "Willi esteem and atl'eition. " \'cnir s(U), " S. I!. M.M.COM. "To Mrs. Sakaii M.vi.com. " New \'ork." K i i:\i'i;iu.isiii ii I r.TTi'.u "IJI.INCV, Seplendier 17th, 1707. " l)i;.\K Mai coi.M : " I thank you for your favor of ihe iJlli. Will you he so f^ood as to write lo Col, I'iiker- in^', the Secretary of Slate at Trcnlon, the suhstance of what you have written me, concerning Mr. (leorge Saniler-on of Lancaster, in rcnnsylvania, and other candidates for the Consulship at .\u\ Caves that he may he ahle t'l lay liefnre me in one view all the a])plii'alion^ ? •JH8 ir» CATiiMnxr r. 11. sciiryi.i:i{ •i;!!) "Voiir clcctioncoiinR ^.^nl|..li^;ll will l.c an i-.ny .mh' unices ymi have ajoplc! llu- liviicli proverl) : • I )aiis k- Uoyaume ik-» avi.uj;lcs les boinne, ,oiil k-s Kuys.' I don't knnw wl.illui I have ihc original exact so I will translate it : • In the KinK.Ioni of llu- hlin.l, the pur l.lin.l arc Kiiifjs.' " I thank you fur your pamphlet. I had read il I.elore. N there not a plua.e : I )i,,'ite eon. prcjsc labellnni ? Your observation on this numerable buMness does honor to your head and licart. Can talent atone for turpitude ? (an wisdom reside with eidpability ? " Mr. Loeke says the world has all sorts of men. .Ml deRrces of huni.in wisdom are mixed with all decrees of human folly. To me, and I believe to you, this would l)e a rcRiiui of tor ment if sueh a recollection existed in our memories. Thi, mu-l be eiilre nous. What aie speculations about the place of convening Congress ? "To Samui-i. li. M.\i.col,.vt, Dsy. " New York." " Willi l.ii)d regards, " I .un, I )ear Sir, yours, "JlllIN Ada.ms. 'W " I 440 I i:r Iliilliculi il V I' ill', Sripll.lliil, \\. IS llUlll J. Hill. II V i\' I.S- III I.) Ni(v \< I 7(1^, .IS .i^ciil III .1 ( ll.i'.;;iMV III Ml III u liK II lie w.r. .1 |ij| tnrt , In 1111: 11 y, v\ illi liini il iiiiiiilii'r III l.iiiiily |Miiii^iiis .Mill iiiiK II v.ilii.ililc jil.ili- Ills |il.ii('i'l liiisiiii'ss III tlili'cil ^l^<■(l, liiiw I'cill. Till' s.iiiir \r.il he Idlliri! llir .Si ,( irl \ |i>i nl llu .Si 1 .iinl lilll.llliill 111 Nrsv \ i.| k I lull |n'llilrlil ( ii||||i,llili s A I till . 1 1 Mil', lllisc I i.lll| Mines were lisn :',,iiii/('il .iml .iii.ingcij 111 Iwu ImII.iIiuIis ; Ihc liisl, < kiiiMi.iiiiIciI |iv ('iiliiiiil l..islii'i, liii linlril llii' ' I'l iissi.iii I'llnis,' •(lisf.'ii l\aiij;fls,' ' K.inj'i is,' ' ( iicii.nliris,' • S|iii||Mii(li,' • I I'.'lil liil.ililM,' iii.il llir • (Imiiliii !■ 11 ,iIi i is. ' 'I Ik; si'iiiIhI IiiiII.iIiuIi w.is i mniii.iiiili iI |i\ ('i.K.i.il Willi. nn ll\ii, I iiiili i.nil Ciiliii.i'l ( 'In isti>|ilH'i' I'liiii ilri , I'lisl .M.i)i.i \\ illi.iiii .M.iliiliii, :iiil .\'n.si.ii,i .M i| 1 (ii'il 'I' 'l.i.lis. 'Ilii- I iilii|i.iliirs (HIkIIiiI wilr ll.r ' ( i I i'ImiI 11 1 s, ' ' llic I'iri-I ili/riis,' ' I In' limn 11 Hulls,' .mil llii' ' I .irlil liil.iiiiiv ' riicic u .is iilsu .1 liMi.ji III I .i);lil I linsr w ilh |il,im, .11,1 1 .1 i 1 iii{<.ii.\ nl I his S.ils III llii'sr I I i|ii|i.iiili s will' lr{i| I'sciil.il l\ I s i.| llir Ii.mIii.j'. I.iiiiiIics iI IIii' I il\ ; I .ivilij^sliiii, |i\, I'll I Km. III. Krjrjl.is, Kiiiiscvcll, I III) t liilii k . \.iii /.null, lirlM.in, ll'il'.ill, \.ill|)\ik. \ .111 W M k, I luilrli, K ill IM'I S, ;i III I ( li Ml I ci i| . IliC iiinli II HIS 1 .1 .ill \v 1 1 1' u liilr sm.ill 1 k .llii s, I mil {'.11 1 tin. .11 k I I il.ii I. |'.n his. 'I In- Sjiiil Islili'li mill U iliri'l , V'liir sliiill j;|rrii in.ils uilli 1 liliisnli dl luill 1. 11 iii;^. In M.ili II, M.ijnr iM.ili iiliii H.is milinil liy llir I'lnv im i.il ( 'niif^iiss In ilislii.inl k I he IlL'.lilliiiiisr ,il S.I I Illy I 1 1. Ilk ; Il 1 l.iki- llic cl.rs iiiil III llir kiiili'i lis, '. i\c il il |ii.ssi I lie, 1 1 III il I'lr.ik 1 1 ; {iinii|i I iiil I III' ml mh 1 ■ .isks. 1 ii {n iiii il 1 m llir ^ mi mil. In J'lli'', I77'i, lie .i|i|ir,ii-, .IS ( nliiiirl, I iiiimi.iliiliiif; llir .Sn.i.il K'l"' imcnl , New \'i ilk I r\ IIS ; 1 mill 11 i-,ri| I if llir ' I'l n , ,i.m 111 1 us," ' I Ir.n 1 . nl < I il.,' ' ( ■.ilnlnin.m l\,mj;i'is,' mil llic ' I .ij;lil Inl.iiili \ " .\s llic mil 1 1. 11 V si'H II IS ' i| ill'- sl.ili s I link nil lie ilrlimlr sli.i|ir, ( 'nii; less ,111 I I ml I /III llic Mlsll'^ 111 SI. \ I ceil Jilililliiliiil II i;imeiil- In lie 111 1 mli i| 1111 lc|iriii!ilil l\ u! sl.ile le\ lis. In llieir lc|iii| t nl tlie liiei n, nl nllli el s. I lie < 1 niimllri nl I lie I'ln \ nil i.il ( 'mii;iesM sinl IIkiI ' ( 'nlniii I M.ili 1 Jni w.is :iii c \i eeiliii.'l\ r.m i| 1 llu 1 1 .' lie w.is ;.;i\eli I ninm.mil III line III llmse ,nli In inii.il ' ( 'mil meiil.il'.. ' 1 1 u.is kn'U 11 .'Is ' .M.ilr nlm's kei'.imeiil.' "Ill ( )l .Masons of New V,.rk Sl.ite ; a member..! Si. J,,hn's Lodge and the .Marine Society. He w,is brigadier Cenen.l commanding the miliii.i of New \ork, Ri( h- mond. an,! (Jiieen's cnmties at the time of his death, which o.vnrred on Sep tember ist, 1791. His remains were interred in ihe burying-place of the l!ri. k I'resbylerian tliurch ' with those m.uks of attention which his situation in s.-ciely and his private worth meriteil.' " liy his great great gr.indsoii, kicii..\i;i> M,iKii\i|,:i.; Mii\r,,( MiKV. W.\SHI\c;ni\'s lll'AlM.MVKrik-, AT Wlllll I'lAINS '■ While Plains, situ.Ued in the very he.nl of the neutral ground so gra])hically described by Cooper ii, ' The Spy,' was .iffecte.l seriously by the arrival of the Uritish army. W.ishington's he.uhpiarleis were established in a house at ihe foot of a lofty hill, which was surroinuled by dense woix's It was the home of I'.lij.ih Mdler, .idjiit.mt ol CoKuiel Drake's Westchester regimeiil of minute men, a frame building covered wiih clapboards, with the roof on the southeast fn ni project- ing .so as to f..rm a paetty portico, the same i)attern architectnrally, as many of tlie country cottages of that peri,.d. it is still sta; ding, well preserved, and an object of imu:h historic interesi to visitors." ^ We lind in the History of Westdiesler conily, by li.ilton, reference made to Colonel Malcolm ,is one of the principal .iciors in the I)atlle of White Plains. Genera! W.isliiiigton was in command ,ii tin- time. iHH lit .1 iioiii iiii.ii or HAsiiiMrmx "(ifiicral llc.uli's Memoirs cniil.iiii the fulldwiiig additioiKil i>:iiticulais re- spci ling tlic fiinanriiicnl of ( 'luillcilnirs llill, near \\ liiu- I'laiiis. " 'rwi'iily-sfvciilii of ( )< lolicr, 1776, 'In ihv toreiiooii, a lieavy ( alilM)iui(l army -.viic ii,,vv ;it their respective pdsls, in order of ImIiIc. '/'he C.miuamlei n. Chiet li.riKMl roiiiid to the officers, and only said, •• (;enllenieii, you will ic |>'ir I., yoiii respeelive posis, and do tlic best yon can." Our Ceneral (llealli;, on arrivin- al ins own division, f(jiiiid them all in the lines ; and, from the hii^^ht of his posi, foiin.l that the hist alla<:k was directed against the Americans on Chall.rton's llill. The little river lironx, which ran hetween the Aniericnn ri.uhl and this hill, after running round Us north side, turned anil ran down on the east and southeast. The ilritish advinced ni two columns. At this inslant, the cannonaile was brisk on both si.les; diierted by the Mritish a the road, but wheeled to the left by plat(,ons, as they lame up; and, passing through a bar. or gateway, directed their head toward the troops on Chaiiertoii's Hill, now enga!.;ed. When the head of the column had got nearly across the lot, their front got out of sight ; nor conid the extent of their rear be now dis covered. The sun .shone bright, their arms glittered, and perli.ips troops never were shown to more advantage, than these now ajipeared. The whole now haheil ; and for a few tniniites, the iiieii all sat down in Ihe same order in which they stood, no one appearing to move out of his phu f. The cannonade con- tinue,! brisk acn.ss the Hioiix, A part of the left column, cmposed of Hnlish and Hessians, f,,t,led the river, ami inarched along under the (ever of the lull, until they had ,■ ined siiffu ii-ot ground to the left (;f the Amen, aiis ; when, by facing to the left, 'leir ( uliimn U-came a line, parallel w ilh the Amen, ans. When they briskly asiendcl the hill, the first column resumed a ipiick march. As the tro,,i)s, which were advancing to the attack, ascended the hill, the , n,,na,le ,,ii Ihe si.le of the Mrilish ceased ; as their own men became exiiose,! to their fire, if ..uiiinned. The lire ,,f small arms was now very heavy, an,i without any dis- tincti.m .,f soini.ls. This le,l some American offi, ers, wh,, were hioking on, t,, observe that the llritisli were worsted, as their cann,,n ha,! ,e.ise,! firing; but a few mimili's ,vin, e,l ihal the .\meri. ans were giving way. They move,! off the lull in a gnat body, neither running, lu.r observing the best order. The llriiish ascen,le,l ih,' hill v,t . slowly, and when arrive,! at its summit, formed an,! ,liesse,l their III!,', ivithoiit the least attempt to pursue the Americans. The loss ,,n the sule of the Ameri. ans was inonsi.leiable. That ,if the British was not th, ii known. The liritish army having got possessi,,n ,)f the hill, it gave them a \ast ailvanlage of the Amerii an liiie.s, almost down to the centre.' " m fl ( 'i 446 A (.oDcim.i) or UAsiiixawx J. W. 'I'onipkins in his ;ul(lR■^^s. dclivt'ied at While I'lains, October iSlh, 1845, slated : " I'iie Ihitish t'oices engaged in tiuit attack were the llower of the army. * * * 'I'hat deneral Wasliington did make a suciesslul stand at this place, has ever excited the wonder ot nnhtary men. His troops were greatly inferior in lunnbers and discipline, and coni|)osed in part of militia and raw recruits. After the battle, tiie enemy, for several days attemiited to gain Washington's rear, tried to alarm him and induce him to retreat or fight by threatening his flanks. At several times they formed a semicircle about him. On the night of the .^ist of October, \Vasliington evacuated his cnmi) at \Vhile I'lains, anil established his new position in the hills of Northcastle, about one mile in the rear of his former encampment, when the liritish appear to have re- lin(iuished all further offensive o])erations." AN iNi'i r.i.isMKi) i.i:tti:r " .\inANv, Octo"- i4tli, 1780. " Pkar Sir : " I have consiilteil with (Iciu'ral Scluiylcr mi llie proinicty nf llic Iiuli;iiis noin^ out. He tliinl<> il lif^lit. Colonel Ilai'pcr HmlernUc-i to j^o with llu'in \ 1 lliink in the liist Instance the Route by l.aUe Otsego \ fnuitleis ot Sclioliarie is llieir proper place. I shall see you lo- inoriow. I send on two Fichl pieces, iS; hall at Scheneclaily for onleis — that will contriliute to ipiiet the minds of oiir cili/c. -. Il is proper that a parly go out to Hallstown to keei) the jicace there \ to watch the expecteil party under Mr. John, tienl. 'IVn liiocck wrote to Col. Wenip to detach a party for this service — tin- rcniaiiidor of the Rcfjimcnt may remain until further orders. Vou will soon have force eiKuigli in Schenectady to assist Col. Harper in K'^'ii'iH f^f wiih the Indians. " Yours sincerely, " To " \Vm. Mahoi.m. " H. (il KN, Eso." ^^OOOOcS' MALCOLM ARMS. ukm:i:.u. iiv/././.i.)/ m.u.coi.m •'TlIK WII.I.OWS " 447 ("The Willows, tlie rme old mansion of General Malcolm is siill stuiuling near the bank of the Hudson river in Sin- Sing, N. V. Alas! two or three enormous willow trees alone show what it was. The house has been renovated — yuu know what that means— and adjoining it, an unsightly brick factory has been erected, and I do not believe liiat you would care for a view of the home- stead. The old Van AVyck place is just above it on the hill." C. T. R. ^lAlHl■;\vs.') Samuel r.ay.ird Malcolm was of a literary turn of mind and had written sev- eral hooks— one of wliici, I'resident .Adams refers to as a pamphlet. From Samuel Bayard, of New York (an un, le on his mother's side) he inlierited a handsome fortune. He died early in life at Ulica. \. V., where he resided with his family in a delightful old house, with e.xtensive grounds, still standing on upper Genesee street. He was educated for the law ; but his chief occupa- tion was in looking .'fter tlie property of his wife in Cosby's Manor and other sections of the state. Se\eral years after his death, his widow, Catharine V. R. Schuyler, married her cousin James t;ochran_a graduate of Columbia college, member of the bar, representative in Congress from iMontgomerv county in the years 1797-9, ^hhI eldest son of Dr. John Cochran of the Amci'ican army dur- ing the Revolutionary war.' 'Miss ronicli;, Rul.en V.m Rensselaer, formerly of Utica, N. Y., now residing at " Tn- wo,xl. • New l;,„n,«u'k. \. j., is ti,e last of her generation of the Van Kensselaers to remen- ber Mis. t oelir.iiie. Mi.ss Van Rensselaer is a Bran>Khu,gl,ter of lirigaaier-t leneral RoI.ert Van Rensselaer, of tlaveracU and Creenlu.sl,, an,l a Rveal-niece of his only sisier Catharine, the «ife „f General rhilip Sehu)ler. Her father, Jan.os W.n Rensselaer, Ks,,., was for many years a resident of I Ilea, where In, h.mse was the meeting l.lace lor a large lanuly eonneetiun. .Mrs. Cochrane was a frequent and honored guest in her cousin's hospitable home. She bore her mother's name of Catharine Win Rensselaer, while her si.ster, Cornelia. .Mrs. Washington Morton, was named after her aunl, Cornelia Rutsen, the wife ,.f Ccneral Robert Van Rensselaer, to whose namesake and only living grandchild we are indebted for those personal reminiscences, -Miss Van Rensselaer says, " I remember Co„,in Catharine well. I was very fond of her She was one of the nu.st intellectual, altr.ictive, charming women I ever knew. V,ning jieople were fasclnate.l by her. I romendicr her well between the years i,Sj2 and |,S40. .\s a child. I loved to go (o church with her. A pcr-on of that age must be very attractive for a' young girl to remember her so well. 1 only Knew her after her sccon.l marriage which took place in 1S2J. My mother often |.oinlo.l out lo me the house on the \ew Hartford road, now (Icne- sec street, where Cousin Calharino lived during the years of her marriage to Samuel liayanl .Malcolm and for some years after his death. Her only daughter, Catharine, nanu'd after Mrs. Schuyler, was born and died in this home. •' Cousin Catharine came often lo my father's house with her second huslnnd, Major Cochrane, who was also a relative of ours and her first c.ursin, through his mother, a'si.terof Ccneral Sclmyler. Our lumse was always their stopping place in the fre,|uent trips from Oswego Her brother. Rensselaer Schuyler, often came with them. He was a strikingly handsome man, with nio.st courtly manners. So great was the reverence felt for the ' blood • in those '■1 m II i< 448 A (iODciin.i) or ]\\siii.\(iro\ d.iyi, lli.>t T Ufll rL'iollei'l ;iii (iM |>Iiy>ii'iiiii of Utioa, 1 ir. rnvcnliy, who li.ul cliiu'd uiili u>, iii- si-ilin^; il|'on ■■.•.; lyiiij; the ovci'coal ul Ki'ii-r-elaLM SchuyliT, ulieii llicy Icll llic hoiisi; loyullaT, saying it was an honor to iI-> anylliint; for the son of 'our ^jrcat general.' " Mrs. t'ochraiie hail no siuh claim to personal beauty as lier brother, hut slie hail eiiual dis- tinction of look anil manner-.. She was n htgh-bred j^entle woman, and a simple, earnest, de- voted Christian. NVme liul llu- wilfully bhiul could mistake her for other than the aristocrat she wa^. "In Ihi-- I'oniieclion. I ri'meudior a household tradition — ("ou>in I'atliarine drosed with the utmost simplicity, very mi>leadinf; to the eye which then, as now, looks on feathers and fuibe lows as the nidy insignia of gentlefolk, doing i|uielly into church one day, where she was not known, she took her scat in a vacant ]iew assigned to her. The so-called owners of the pc«", conung late, looked .t.skancc upon the modest intruilcr. The discourteous crowding was a matter of physical di.seomfort, but the ill-bred comments, barely suppressed, were [lowcrle.ss to rullle Mrs. C"ochraiie's .serene dignity. Imagine the disconWilure of the Imuglity Pharisees, when, after service, Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, who had been detained, came uj) to join her sister and n\aKe her known to her aC'iuainlanccs." — S. in; 1.. V,\N Kknsski.akr Sikonu. li i ^/t.^^^^/-^L, ■/.!'' ti" ■TonX (■()(■ II I! \X 451 J'JIIN COCHR.W Dir,\/<>r Gciu-ral of Mu'ii^vy //ns'/'ifn/s " A century has elapsed since the American Rev.,hilii>ii, and in the interim much has been written and i.ui)lishe-n(l I rentu,,. An a.l.liiional (lying hospital a, cmi.anicl the anny, an.l small- pox hospitals «f.e cstahlishfil when ncalc.l. The hospitals at the arlillciy hnts I he barracks at West I'uint an.l the Robinson House, appear to have been .lesi-' nate.l by Congress. Returns from all of these, so Irequent as to enable a slate- ment to be tabnlate.l and trans.nitte.l every tnonlh either to the thairinan of the Me.lical Coininittee of Congress, the Hoard of \\ar, or the Se.ielarv of W ,i represented with perio.lical accuracy the physical condition of the army The colunnis which show for each month the treatment in hospital of an average <.f lilly ol the wives and children of soldiers, happily discloses to the observation ot the curious an exceptional benevolence in the usaKc of wrr. " The scale of compensation was at the extreme of moderation. In no .le- gree however, in the absence of value to the currency in wliirh it was rated could pay have been invested will, the attraction of reward. Vet, u is submit- ted as not devoid of interest. Te, the office of director of the military hos- pitals was attached the pay of 8,50 per month, t.vo rations, one for servant and two for fora,,e; to that of the chief physician and surgeon of the army, ^.ao per month luo horses and wagon, and two rations of forage; to each of the three .hief physicians and surgeons of the hospitals. <;,4o per month and two rations; to the purveyor, S130, and his assistant .S;, per ni.mth ; to the ap.ah- ecary S.30 j.er month, and his two assistants, .^50 per month each ; to the fif- teen hospital physicians and surgeons, S.ao per month each, and to each of the twenty-six m.ites, S50 per month. The stewards received each S^j per moi.th, the clerks and storekeepers S2 per day, the seven matrons a half .lollar each and a raiion per d.iy, the thirty nurses each two shillings and a ration a day, and the orderlies, if sol.liers, (,ne shilling and a ration, and if citi/ens two shillings aiul a ration a day. '-Tlie deparlment at the South was organized by resolution of Congress of the r5lh of .Niay,, 78,, with l)avi,.- pot.ned by resolution of Congress, 1 )rs. Thomas. Tudor, Tucker and Vi, kars physicians and surgeons, for the Soulhern 1 ),-pann,ent, David Smith, deputy- purveyor, and John Came, assistant -leputy-apothecary. "Such w:,s the medical -leparlment, to the admini.stration of which 1 )r Cochran was chosen because of his comprehensive experien.e and intimate know edge of us details. The language of his letter from New Win m. lit' .111 unsouglit iuiil iiiicxiicclfd distiiK luni. I'lie lurtimt's of the tounti) wiu- llu'i) ;U tliL'ir tlarkfst — a liclpU'ss Cunnress, an empty treasury, ami an cxluiusicil pcupk'. \'ft, lie iinhfsitalinuly undtTliKik tlif ri'sp(iiisil)ilities of tlif staliim, and cheerfully devoted his engeries to the services ol his country. Writing IVuni New Windsor, March 26lh, lySi, to l)r. fleorne Caniiihell, he said: ' Whether my present station will contribute lo my luture happniess time must discover. Hut if 1 have no better success than my predecessors, my lot must be unfortunate indeed. A determined resolutit)n to contorm to the rules of right, and that support which 1 have some reason to expect from every gentleman of the department will, 1 hope, iirnteit me against the malevolence of my enemies, it 1 have any. I say, if I h.ive .ui\ , tor sure 1 am that I never put a thorn in any honest man's breast.' "The temerity often generated Ijy selfsiifliciency was alien to his nature. When assimiing his ofticial responsibilities, he in ajijiropriate words refers his cMiduct to the suppiii he may deserve and receive from his official subalterns. •1 thank yon,' lie wrote to l>r. Hinney, M.uch 25th, 1781, 'for your very piilite congratulations on my appointment, and the favorable sentiments you are jileased to eutert.iin of my dispositiim, and the willingness you express of serving under my superintendeiKc. In return, 1 only wish to a( t such a part as will en- title me to a continuation of )iiur approbation, anil that of every gentleman in the ilep.irliiu-nt.' In a letter to 1 )r. 'i'lioinas Waring Morris, dated February 2.Stii, 17S1, he said, 'The gentlemen of the corps which 1 have the honor to sui)eriiitend m ly be assured that every endeavor of mini' shall be exerted to render them as happy as possible.' lint his nati\e benevoleiue was not con- sumed with the beneli( ent phnise of amiable intentions. His charities were mnversant with the alTaiis of the humblest, and wherever misfortune interfered with the duties of dependents, or oppressed the deserving, his oflices were in- terposed to alleviate or renmve. Strong, however, as were these humane dis- p isitions, they were duly subjecteil to the superior obligations of ofhi ial respon- siliilities, and their exerci.se iluly restricted within the sphere of oftici.d trust. •' From Xiw Wimlsur, February aSih, 17S1, he wrote to Dr. fleorge Steven- son, of Morristciwii : '])ear .Sir, I was favored with yours of the 19th inst. \esterday, and thank you tor ymir congratul.itidiis on my appointment to the 1 )irectoisliip of the Hospitals. Wiiellier 1 shall answer the expectations of the p'liilic in general, or of my friends in particular, will greatly depend on the genllenien of the depanim-nt, by a faithful discharge of their iluly, and a sliiit observance of the rules l.iid down by t!ongress in tiie plan for conducting the Hospital Department. I believe that you are persuaded that yon have my p.itroiiage and evei v godd iiiti'ution to your welfare. Therefore, I should be very sorry that your situation should ever be such as to jtut it out of your pnwer to comply with any orders you may receive from your sn|>eriiir. It is very evident th.it yon cannot live on the air, and unless money is furnished you can- not proceed to \"irgiiiia, where I do not believe you will be ordered. l>ut should you be so unfortun.ile, as it so badly accords with your circumstances, on ap if Jonx mr/linx 4.1.-. plication to Dr. Treal, I am iiiTsiinclcil he will cnli'i ,ui, thcr m yoiii- piatf, you first m, iking known lo liini )-our peculiar situation.' " Hilt in a IclttT to Dr. James Craik, tiic litcKaig friend ai.il personal physi <:ian of Washington, i)r. Cochran expressed in the cnuhjr of mutual friendship, sentiments which, under ihe cir(:iimslan( es, retlect honor on them both. • New Windsor, March 26lh, 17S1. l)e.,r Craik : The enclosed act of Coni^ress ap- pointing you Chief Physician and Surgeon of the Army in my room, came to hand a few days since, under cover from the I'resident of Congress. Cive me le.ive to (iffer my congratui.ilions on this a|ipoiiiiment, as 1 know it is more agreeaMe to yourself than your former station, and more ,10 cpt.ilile u. the Com- mander-in-Chief anil the whole army. Vou will not think me guilty of adula- tion, when I assure you that I would ratiier have romplimenleil you on the ot- casion of your being appointed Director, than where you are, lor many reasons ; and I believe that every member of Congress will do me ilie justice to at kiioul edge that I gave you the preference upon every interview 1 had with ihem when conversing upon the subject. I know of none ilissaiislud with my appi.intment. * * * I hojie to act such a part as to be out of the power of friend or foe. * * * I sh.dl be liappy to see yuu once more wiih us. I pur|)ose to be the greater pnt of my tnne in the Held. IVrhai)s. you will say, no thanks to y,.u, f. r that a resolve passed a few days after you left Philadelphia ordering tlie Direct(.r to repair to Head Quarters, and to make that the chief place of his resideme.' 'I'he i)resence of the medii al staff in the field, indeed was demanded. In all the war, tlie doctor hail been with the army, alleviating its sufferings, in the ri,:;ors ut N'.dley Forge, and stimulating ils convalescence in the camp al Morrist(iwn. 'I'he lermination of the war found him at his post near head(|iiarters of the arm) . "The following letter, written while he was surgeon-general, to Jonathan I'otis, then purveyor to the hospitals, represents concisely the condition of the liosi)itals, and the routine of their neglect during the period of the war, anterior to his accession to their care and direction. . , ,, ,. '•' .Mol;HI>ln\VN, M;licll l,S, l7,St,. " ' I'E.AK SiK : ' •' ' r acoivi-.l your lavor l>y I )|-. ilomi, .tii.I am cxtroiiu ly M,ny lur ihe |.icm lU siUiaUon tif the Ilnspilal liiiaiHes, Our ,ts tlian si\ luin.lii.d ivginieiUal sick ami laiiu-, iiiiist of wIkhii ri-.|uiie some a>sislaiici., wliicli l.eiiit^ wiiMkI.I, aiv lanf;iiisliiiig am] imist sulUr. I llallcr iiiyH-K you li.ivc no lilame in lliis nuillei ; Imt cui-^e oil liim or llu-ni l)y whom this e\il is luniliicMl. The vingt-ancc of an o|lun.k(i Deity must overtake ilu. miscreants so.nier or later. It f;rieves my soul to see the poor, worlliy lir.ave fellows |>in<. away for want of a few eomforls, wiiieh they have clearly earned. I shall wan on His Kxeelleney the ( omman.ler inChiel", air' reine-ent our ,iluali,.n, 1 ut 1 am per- sua.led it can have litlle ell,.,l. f.a- ulial oan he ,lo ? He may refer tlie matter to Confiros,, who will |.rol.al.ly |iow-wow over it awhile, ami no more he heard of it. The few .stores sent on !>y III. llond in your ahsence liavo not yet arrived. I s,i|,|,„se (uvinu to the badness of the roads. If they eome, they will give us some relii.f for a lew weeks. '" Compliments to all frieml- ami helievo me, " ' Ilear .Sir, yours very sineerely, " ■ John ( 'iii-iiKAN.' I ■If)!! .1 (ioDciiii.i) (IF iiMN///.\v,yo.v i\'[ ,'(, •' At no iimc di'l tlie army alKumd in mcdii al stores. In the year 1781, how- ever, tliey were nearly extinct. Unlendeil wounds or languishing disease filled liMSiiitals destitute ol medicines, and swelled the daily returi;s of death. Scarcely was convalescence a boon, when the lack of subsistence faced the soldier in the hospital, and compelled him to beg in the s..ects for the neces- saries of life. A crisis more strenuous ami an hour more appalling can hardly be concei\ed than when want and nakedness vainly ( raveil mercy from frigid skies, and the delinmn of fever rei)roached thi. physician with the futility of his ail. In a lei;er to Dr. Treat from New \\ iiuisor, March -'5th, i 781 , Dr. Cochran said : ' 'i'he state of uur finances is such that it will be impossible to lay in a magazine tor the cunpaign. Therefore, we must in great measiu'e, depend upon ])urchasing as we go.' l'"el)ruary 28th, 1781, he wrote from headijuarters near New Windsor, to Dr. Thomas Waring Morris: ' 'i'li ' want of necessary stores tor our Hospitals affords a gloom)' prospect ; ' and again on the same day wrote to Abram Clark, chairman of the Medical Connnitlee in C'ongress : ' We have few deaths yet. The pnor fe.lows sutler tor want of necessary siijiplics, which I hope will be alTorded iheni. (Hherwise there «iil be little encouragement fui pli_\sici.ins and surgeons.' To S.nnuel Huntington, the President of Congress, he wrote from I'hil.ulelphia, May 2.(lh, 17S1 : ' The Ibisjiitals are in die utnuist distress for want of necessaries fi'r the sick. In some of them we have not stores, and in others the sujiplies are so trilling and insignificant as to be of little or no service. I am sensible of the dilViculties ami embarrassments of Congress, but ,1111 als'i sensible that unless some speed)' and elTectual measures are taken to relieve the jick, a number of the valuable soldiers in the American ainiy will jierish thro'.gh want of necessaries, who would soon be serving their counli) in the field could lliev be supplieil. The surgeon wlio has the care of the liospil.il at Hoston writCL^ me that Ids sick are in great want, ami that he is not in a situation to prucui^ any relie:". At .Mbaiiy the only article of stores is about sixty gallons of vinegar, ami oie sick sutler eviieinely at times fur want ofiiro- visiDiis. The other I lospitals are in a similar condition.' He rejieated to Abram Clark, .-Viiril 50, 1781, from New Wiiulsor, his previous admonition of the 28th of February, of iliat yeir: '1 h.we ir,iin all cpi.uters tlu' most melancholy Complaints of the sull'erings of the sick in the hospitals fur want of stores and necessaries that you can coiireive, and unless some speedy remedy i '- i])|ilied, the coiiseipieiice must be very i.t.d. Dr. W.irieii, wlm has i harge of the Huston hospital, represents his .itiuition in a \cry distressing condition, ami prays earnestly tor relief — a pii 1 're gloomy enough, but scarcely as dark as that drawn in the folldwing .v ids to the purvevor, Dr. Thomas Bond, from New Windsor, March JSth, 1781 : ' 1 was favored with jours of the jothof Febriiar), about fifteen days ago, on my way to Albany, which accounts for my not answering )on until iiow — as I only returned last night. I am suiry to inl'orm you that I found that Hospit.d entirely destitute of all kiiuls of stores, exi epl a little vinegar, which was guod for nothing--ai)d freiiiiently without bread or beef tor inaiiy days — so that the doctor, iindei those circumstances, was obliged h I joiix cor II in X 457 tu iicrmit such of the patients .m could walk into town to beg provisions among the inhabitants. * '^^ * 1 pity our distressed condition on the score of money, and unless a suttkicney can be procured at the opening of the cam- paign, we are undone.' If to these instances of official decrepitut'.e is added the significant recpiest maiie b}' Dr. Bond, purveyor at Norwich, no evidence will be wanting of the penury of the medic.il department, in all that appertains to an effective or evt/u tolerable arm of the public service — (.'ainji near Dobb's Ferry, J.ily 26th, 1781: 'Could you .ot, by advertisement, be able to procure a quantity of old linen from the good ladies of _\our city — 1 was obliged, after tlie l.ist skirmish, when lifty men were wouuiled, to give ever)' slieet 1 had in tlie world, but two, to make lint.' " It h:'s been seen that he alluded in his letter tn Samuel Huntington, the ('resident of ( 'ongress, to the I'ailure iif Congress to exert the effort recjuireii to relieve tlie deplorable condition of the medical service. Several valuable jihy- sicians and surgeons hail resigned since the new arrangement of the dejiartment went into effect, lie suggested to Congress, in his letter to Samuel Hunting- t'ln, May 24th, 17S1, that there were, 'several vacancies for hospital physicians and surgeons, occasioned by resignation, and that in case we should have an ac- tive camp.ii.:;!!, the depirimeiit in.iy siilfer fur want of a proper number of as- sistants. 'I'he eldest mates are (pialified to fill their places, and if they coulil be appointed by Congress with ]>rui)riety, it would have a tendency to promote the good of the service.' In a leMer from the Hoard of War from New W'iiul- s.'r, July 4th, i7.t wh.it to advise you. I hope you lia\e sent some one with the.. flit er to Danbury, to take charge of the stort ,. Those at Windsor must take their chance until m loiis (iKim.tx 45U some niflliDil cm be fallen on \n r.iiMr the wind, Uj carry mir scheme inlo e\e (UticiU. In ilie meantime, either truni public or pnviUe credn, you can iin^ceed to the business. I will be accoinitable for the e\peM.,e atleniinu; the procuring of the stores.' (Jn the 25th of the same month, a letter to l)r. 'l'h(.mas Hoiid, llic piu'veyor, announc es : • 'i'he sl(jres from Danbury have arrived at Kishkill.' 'i'hus the extreme of sellislmess was confronted and defeated by a |)ron)pt bcnili cence, worlhy of the cause to which it was devoted. "Such was the destitution winch paraly/eii, anil very nearl\' extirpated, the hospitals (luring the greater i)art of the war. L'nder the recuperating effects ol its foreign alliances, the country emerged slowly from its iiidigeni;e, and the medical de[)arlinent gradually expanded to its full functions in the dispensation ot the su|)plies procured from I'rance. A letter from .\cw Windsor, February 2d, 1782, directs Dr. Isaac Ledyard, assistant purveycjr, to, ' (jrder l)r. Johoi;et, the assistant apothecary, to t.ike such quantity of the medicine !ately received from France as will be necessary for su])|)lying the Hospuals; ' while an earlier letter of .Se[)tembei i-^t, 17S1, from headiiuarlers, east side of Hudson river, lo Dr. llond, the ])iirveyor, thus joyi/usly announced the vigor impu'led by France to the energy of the war, and her generous ministration lo the exhausted re- sources of the country; 'Colonel Lawrence, who passed through lainp last night, on his way to l'hiladel|)hi.i, has put us in L'ood spirits from the su|iply (jf money and everything else rei|uisite, arrived in Hoslon from our good and gener- ous ally, in consetpience of which 1 hope we shall soon be in high H1,.\S T.' " Hut desper.ile as was the condition of the medical department, thai of its ofticers was not less aflbctive. It could nc.t be otherwise than when the sources of general iimsiierily vanishecl, individuals should be oppressed with the utmost penury. We have seen the soldier begging for bread ; we shall see the (.Ifuer in quest of clothing. The ordinary uses of life were circiims. ribed by the blight of indigence. It extended to .ill stations and effected ab cl.i.sses. Calamily impended over families and want intensilied the rigot of war with menaced starv.ition. In the letter previously (juoted, to .\bram Clark, President of Con- gress, I'elini.ir)' 2Sth, 17S1, Dr. Coidiran said ; ' I hope some pay is ordend to be ad\'.ince(l to the ofticers of the d-'partment, without whiih it c;innoI much longer exist. Many of us have not received a shilling in near two years, nor can we jiriicure public clothing.' " l''r. iin New Windsor he urote. March ^i^lh. 17S1. to Dr. Ciaik : ' We are so Mpiee/eil for papti', that 1 can only al'fofd you a h.ilf sheet for cover anil all.' F'rom New Windsor, March i^\\\, 17X1, he wrote to Dr. i'eter Turner, hospital physici.m .mil surgeon. Norwich, Conneciiciil, ' Several of the hospiinl ph)si- ci.iiis and surgeons have resigned since the new arrangement liK.k place, owiig, 1 lieliev- ]irmcipally to iheir not being able to subsist themselves in the ser\iie, lor it IS iipv.ards of two ye.irs since m.iny of us have received .a shilling from the continent, .and there is as litth" prospeci now of |)ay as there was two years ago ' .\u.iin, under the dale of .\pril 2d, 17S1, ho wrote: 'Neither myself nor .mv of tlu' gentlemen who hue served with ine h.ive lei eived a shilling from the ih ill 460 .1 (lOIX'Ull.D (IF W.tslll.XdTOX w public in twei'tyihice mniulis, whic h has, as you reasonably may sui)i)ose, re- (Inceil us to soiiiu (iitticiilties. * * * I'apcr is so scarce tluU I am obbged to t.ike a leaf out of an oriierly iiook.' " I'o Abram Clark, President uf Congress, lie wrote from New Windsor, April 30tli, 1781 : ' 1 have sent the originals (hospital returns) not having paper enough to trans( ribe them into turn). Several of the hos|)iial physicians and surgeons complain that they have not i)aper suflicienl to make out the neicssary hospital returns; therefore, are obliged to omit then).' 'I'd Kubert Morris, from the camp near Dobb's Ferry, July ^6ih, 17S1, he uroie: ' Fur Ciod's sake, help us as soon as you can. Most of our otTuers have not reieived one shilling ol pay for ujiwards of two years.' To Mr. Nilchie, formerly hospital commissary headipiarlers, I'eekskill, he wrote, .August zjlh, 1781 : ' I am sorry you have not been able to kerp your f.unily from sla .'ing, but on credit. Your situation is like many others in our service, for I have n(jt received one shilling as ])ay in twenty-eight montlis, and there are iuw among us who have been in better cir- cumstances.' In the fuUuwiiig pass.ige from a letter to 1 »r. Treat, from New Windsor, .Mar( h 25th, 17S1, >ve are admitted to a i)athetic scene relieved by a gleam of illusive furiune, as c|uickly (|ikui( lied in disa])pointnienl : ' Dr. '\'oung showed me your letter enclusmg a resulve of Cungress, respecling the deprecia- tion, eVc, which made him hap])y ; a: d puur t'ellow, he wanted comfort as much as any man I e\er saw. His situatuin is truly pitiable, and I liupe some- tiiing will turn up which will give him relief.' " It is true that Congress issued warrants for the ]iay of tlie arn \ Tiul the w.u'rants were as worthless as the ( redit of Congress, and lUterly incapable of lelief. He wrote to Dr. Thomas Hond, < amj) near Dobb's Ferry : ' Am vity Sorry that there is no probability of otu' receiving money on the warrants ob- tained for the use of our deixirlment, the w.uu of which )du ina\ reasonably suppose h.is a bad efl'ect, buth with resjiect to the ol! 1 ers and tin jiuur suffering suldiers, who deserve a belter fue.' '• .As may be siip|iosed, the destitution of tlie army, both of officers and r..en, Dccnpied attention largely with efforts to mitigate it. The evil obviously w.is incident to the occasion, and inherently the 1 hief obstacle to the successful tmi- duci (pf the u.ir. .\s we have seen, the distress fell heavily upon the medical (lep.irtment. lis necessities were, in truth, but the total of those of the armv, concentrated m effect upuii its he;dili, .mil e,\])ressed in rei)rescntations of llie dei>loral)le w.mt of every apjiliancc essential to the [)reservalioii of life. The cumplaiuls of the sufferers were im)iortunale and i easeless. As the head of the dep.ulmeni, Dr. Cochran, while the recipient of numberless |ielilions, rarely caused disapiKiintment lo the CNpeclali(uis of the |ii'liliuncrs. In his liiur (without date) to Dr. I'humas Bund, after stating iluit ' Dr. Wilson urges his coming to Philadelphia to assist in adjusting some matters relative to the depart- ment.' he said, 'I only wait for the arrival of Dr. (!raik to set out, but I wish my presence couM be dispensed with, for ! am most heartily tiri'd (>f shuliiu; my way so often lo th.it place without one shilling in my pocket ; ' and in the follow- ^^P^wn .mils cociiu.tx 461 ing paragraph of his commimication, wliile in rhiladt-lpliia, Ma)- 24th, 17S1 to ' Samuel Huntinytun, Ks(i., I'.e.sident of Congress,' he alhicies to the personal expense and the offuial inconvenience he incurred, in redressing complaints hy miportiming Congress for their relief: 'Should Congress wish any further or nu.re particular information on the subject, I shall be ready to furnish it and will be oblig.'s: ' My health, dear .:oct< r —that very health you have almost brought back from the other world, has been s.n.e as strong and hearty as possible. * * * As during my fu of ill- ne.ss the watch I then had was of great service to y,,u for feeling the pulse, I thought such a one might be convenient, which I have entrusted to the Chevalier de la (name illegible) and I Leg leave to present yoii with. I did fancy that udorning it with my heroic friend's picture would make it acceptable.' "An inc. dent cursorily stated in his letter to Dr. Ciaik, of March 26lh, I7« , fivm New Windsor, while affording an inkling of the .lifliculties of land carriage, admits ns to a view of the aflluent hospitality of the lan.led gentry of New \ „rk a < entury ago, and yet more agiecbly surprises us with an intimation th.it m all ' the time that tried mei.'s souls,' the rugge.lness of war was smooth, d and its asper:ties refme.l by the amenities attendant upon the presence of wiv.s and daiighteis in camp. < ! am just returned,' he says, ' from an eighteen days' '. Hir up the North river to attend Mrs. ^Wishington. We had an agreeable jaunt excepting the badness of the roads. Hut we met with so mti. h hospitality wherevtr we went, tiKit ronnien^alioii w.is made fur the difthiilty of traveling.' ' i Ill A6i A (loiiciiii.i) (H- WAsiiisirrox " I'robalily the 'agreeable jaunt' was to the maiuir nl Livingston, aiul ter- minated at the hosi)ital)le manor house of its proprietor, Walter Li\ingst. Livingston to jjartakc of the dinner whicli, in his letter to the duclur, he thus humorously imagines and describes : "•WiM I'l'iNT, .■\ut;ii>l 1 6, 17S0. " ' I)1AK IliiCTiiK : •• ' I li.ivi- a>kc(l .Mrs. Cochran and Mrs. T.ivinRstou tn dini-H iili nn- lu nionuw ; lnUinijjIit I not 111 apinisc you of llicir fare? As I liair ilcccplion, cviii wIkmi inia(;iiiation is conoi intMl, I will. "' It is Mft'lluss to jironiisc that my lahh: i^ lai^i' i'iimij;h In holil the ladies — df this llicy had occiilar •iLiiionstiallon yesterday. 'I'o say how it is usually covered, is rather mure e>sen- lial, and this -.hall be llie |iur|iort of my lelUr. "'Since my arrival at this happy spot, we liave h.id a liam, sunietimes a shoulder of liaeoii, to j;race the head of the table. A piece of roast beef adorns the fool, and a small di>h of green beans — almost imperceptible; — decorates the centre. When the cook has a mind to cut a figure, and this I presume he will attempt tomorrow, we have two beefsteak pie.s, or dishes of crabs in addiliim, one on each -ide of the centre dish. divihall be lia|i]iy to ^ee them. " • I 'ear Sir, ^'ours " '( ilJiKlil-. W.\slliN(no.\.' "Quaintly is revealed the peculiar prejudice of the Revoltiliotiary jieriod against the parasites of royalty and its scions. The conllict of our ancestors with British oppression extended to the jiersons of those who represented it. It was not singular therefore, that the ap])earance in America of William Henry (subsequently William I\'.) one of the sons of (leorgu HI., and then a midship- man under .Admiral Digby, should have provoked a tlood of poi)ular derision. It is curious to observe the si)irit in which the a])parition was discussed by those whose lives had been dedicated to the service of their country. Nor is it un- reasonable to suppose that the opinion of the camp were reflected by the sense of the peo|)le. From camp, near rcekskill, Orlober loiii, 17S1, l>r. Cochran writes to Dr. Craik : " ' I>igby is arrived in New \'ork with three ships of thelineand some frigates. With him came one of the royal whelps from Cirrii llrilain. The address fidin 1^ .loiix ciififi.'A.y .i(!:t the r.iiverndr :iiii! roinicil witli Ins aiisuiT ymi will see in tin- puhlic p.iiRis. A yuung Lul who came out of New York some days ago, beiiig examined hefore General Heath, was asked if he saw tiie young ])rinee. lie answered yes— he saw many get a look at him and he thought he might as well see him as the rest. He was asked what he was like and what he thought of him. He said he expected to have seen something UKjre in him than in other jjeojile, liut was dis- appointed excel)! his lieing the ugliest person he ever saw, with a very large nose His eyes resemliled those of a wall-eyed horse, and liis legs, being all of a thickness, from his knees to his ankles; but tiiat he had a line gold coat. .\ |)relty rep.resenlalive the fellow will make to laiise a rebellion to sink at his aj.- proach. 1 think from the descrijition given of him, he is much better calculated to cause an abortion in the fair sex than to (lueil a rebellioi .' " Hut wdien domestic treason incurred the i)opular disjjleasure, the indignation of the army was intense. 'I'he crime of Arnold not only was the theme of de- nunciation ; Ins very name was proscribed. 'I.tilvard,' wrote Dr. Cochran Octolier isi, 17S1, to 'I'homas J!ond, jnirveyor, 'has gone to New London, where he has sustained the loss of an nncle and brother killed, and another brother taken by that infamous scoundrel, .Arnold,' "In an api>lication to Samuel Huntington, i'resi\\\ of the s.iine ye.ir, lioiii the camp at I'eekskill, that 'the chief part u{ tl'.e sick tf theaiiny and hos- pitals, is comiiosed of the new levies and the three months nini.' " From these letters ne catch glimpses of the man — a t\peof that heroism that consists in the consecration ( f self to duty, and in its benefu ial and con- scientious performance. Tlu- heroism of the soldier is eclipsed by the heroism of the surgeon ; and, however iiublic sentiment may adi pt the captain of war as the hero of the day, the emancipator from the tlualKlom of prejudice ami ignorance, the vindicator of humanity in the persons of its opjires; wd and suffer- ing children, the steadfast disciple of the divinity of manhood, and the nKiit_\r to its assertion in adversity and persecution — these shall survive as the heroes of the world, when the fame of the warritir shall have slaketl and his laurels have withered in ihe liglit of higher civili/atioii. And so he who treads the endan- gered pl.iin, to alleviate and not to inllict, to retrieve and not to dissipale the crushed energies of life, who sedulously devotes his whole of man to the attain- menl of honor by a just comprehension of life's obligations, and by their tlmr- ough discharge, becomes tiie heir of a glory, truer and more consummate in the realms of lime than the illusory gleam of the coiKpiering sword. ])r. Ci chran w.is of stately presence, of fair and llorid coinplexion, features which testified his Sixits-Irish ilesceiit, and an expression indicative of genial and benevolent cpialiiies. His reliance was on the merit of which he was conscious, his cre- dentials the evidence furnishetl by his deeds. 'I'he voliinleer surgeon's mate of the French war, and the volunteer ])liysician and surgecui of the war of the Revolution, bei ame the head of the medical department of tlie army by suiierior e\[)ertness in the functions confided to him, and superior ahicrity in their per- forinance. .\ii unusual degree of personal iviodesty precluded exi)ectalion and ([iielled the desire of official preferiuent. Not only was his jiromotion unsolic- ited, but it was a surprise to tlie sinceritv with wliich he had urged the uiuleni- m Jons COCIIItAX 40,'p able qualifications of his fric.ul and a.lvccUf.l his <:hiims to the position The separate trials to whicli he «as ex,,ose(l were but the em.n.era.e.l perils that lav 111 the path o( the Revojutum. The necessities which paralyzed ilie officer were lamenled only as impediments which prejudiced the service. The m dignity which committed his dwelling to the (lames, and the disease which afflicled his little son an.l prostrated himself, he siUTered only in the contraction of his use- fulness to Ins country. He pawned his personal credit to restore to the public service the property withheld from its use. The last sheets from his bed were bestowe.1 on the exigencies of the wounded. A glowing humanity, intensifieil his attention to the sick, and with an executive capacity as thorough as rare he was author, a.lvisor and director of multifarious reforms in the army He wis the support and buttress of the languishing and suflering me.iical department He uullectually appeale.l to Congress, that exemption of the officers from lia- bility to postage should remove from their correspondence an o.lious duty on their domestic alTections. His effort was strenuous to compensate to both offic- ers and men, the depreciation of their pay. ami having accomplished the full Client of iheir temporal wauls, he contribute.! to their spiritual welfare a tender and fcrvHl a,,pral lo the president of Congress, that the consolations of religi,,,, should be exte.ulrd to the inmates of the hospitals by chaplains appointed t„r tii.it purp,.se. W „h enviable patience, umler troubled dispensations, and «iih ai.h .n the rectitude of the cause of the people, he witnesscl the return of health to the army, of prosperity to the n and domestic relatiwus ul the people an nnporiant lactor in the inoblem of rebellion. A cnintrN of unreslncteil extent was sparsely occupied with a primitive and har.ly ra.e ' In the lar remove.l centres of population ami wealth, social intercourse partook -';■ "rally o. the habits engraf.e.I by the early and intimate associations of the C olonies with the m.,ther country. Fortunate opulence a.sserted against indi- gence the privileges of class, and forthwith intrenche.l itself in the pretensu.ns and assume-l the cognizance of an aristocracy. Courtly Knglish customs were rellecle.l ,n the inier.our.se which regulaled their life, an.l the interval between the pe.,ple an.l the great families when establishe.l, increased with their growth m signitK-ance an.l strength. Confessedly, the germ of American „ul..pendence -"Hi lu, r.,..t in the houses of the great. It sprang from the rug...! hos.m of the pe.,p!e. It was in.ligenous there. Not that it was unfaithlullv pr.,|e, ted .,r negligently cuhivate.l by ,l,e magnates of the land. I, was theirs' by ad.,ption ■ t'ot "H lee-l m the primal vig.ir and purity of its un,:.m,plving in.-.ptu.n, u hi. h (ieman.le,! separation, but in the subsi.liary of com,.ronnsJ, whuh cntemplate.l adjustment. Hence it is true, that the march .,f Revolution was vig.,r.,us an.l .mite,l ; but the con.s...,mate n.,wer of indepeiulen.e sprang fnun tlie humble homes of the tillers of the soil, rather than from the stately mausi.uis of its „„„- lent aristocracy. ' 400 .1 (loiii iiii.i) ill' w.xsiiiM.riis |!il ' 11 the light of a (ciiiiirj, it is ilitiit nil to cx.if^geratL' tiie grandeur df the victory. i'i)|)iilar iiislitutions, respipiihiiile lor the good goveriuiient of millions engaged in the innumerahle pursuits which consirmt the material prosperity .md (onstiliile the social and moral charar tt-r (jI a ))eople, An expansion of enter- prise, boundless, exi ept by the Innils of the possible, an intensity of purpose, conceittrated upon the atteinpl, and ile\(Jied lo the aicoinplishment of gigantic undertakings in every industrial depaitiuenl, and a position ai hieved in science, literature, and the arts, competing with IviroiJean s( hools, rellect an extraordi- nary lustre upon the armies and their leaders, that raised ns to an eipialiiy wiih the governments of tlie Old World, and made ns fust among the goveinments of the New. " r>nl it is not this consumiiialion that .\mericans should consult when measuring the proportions of tlie Kevcilulionary war. The magnitude of the conllict is more truly expresseil in the condition of the o|ipnsiiig t'orces that waged It. A century had not sullued to render priu lic.ible ( liMiuninicaliou be- tween the thirteen Colonies, which, though ot coincident lionndaries, were separated by tracts of dense wilderness and ranges of imii.issible mountains. I'opulatioii, grouped priiuipallv in isohited sjiots, near the sealio.uil, was small, but its area large and s])arsely settled, in most p.irl eximsed lo a rigorous climate, it suffered both the ravage of an inhospilable winter and the onset of a more inhospitable foe, The lill.ige of the soil made niggard rciiirn In the labor of the farmer. Individual subsistence depended on daily labor, and the w.mt of public revenue implied an cnipt\- treasury. Ignorant of arms, save as re(iiiired by the exposure of iVonlicr life, wilhoul military ir.iining, ai"l lU-litute of the e(piipineiit, the stores, and the animuiiition of war — a people thus provided, un- prepared, and defenceless, were preci])itated into war with a nation of vast and available resources, of inc.di iil.ible power in the c.diinet and field, with veteran armies ami navies at Kinmiand, and dislinguished with the renown of enemies vaiKiuished and victories won. l'"ight years the struggle continued, lis ruthless ])roiiortions were not reniiiled to the alleviation of a noble and generous nurture, nor were the resounes of high civili/ation counted in reserve among the ener- gies of the Revolutionary army. The llame they followed by day, that warmed them by night, ihal lighled their darkness and guided all their wa)', uas the (lame of liberty, inextinguishable in their bosoms. This was their reserve, and to it must be ascribed the issue of the war — to the unipienchable jiatriotism of the commonality of .America." My JollX C'oillK.AN, ' (eldest grandson of i)r. ('(i< hraii.) I Ijii I " \i w N'l lUK, 7 I'a-l (ii'\ SluHt. " Mv ni: VK Co, ■,!%■ : " I iiulo^r 111 yiMl n l^ai ^Millie- "f till- \V.l^llin^;lnli lilUl ;hIi1ii ^^cil In I;lllir> llu.UlL, ill 17S0. It \\:i^ Inviii't :iiiinn^ iht* p.TpL'i"-' of Jiid^f Iliiaiic. and lliu^ caim- inin my posM'-^sioii. " .\ cliiplii;iU' I'l it lileialuic cl piiiu'lualii)ii — in Wa^liiiiplon's liaiiilH riliiifj, of llic same ilatc aildrc^scil liv llii- -iipiTM-riphiui, al-n in Wasliinglnn's li.inihviilinj4, tn tlic Hon. Jo^-luia d^&aZ. .I(>il\ < III III; \\ A l,i;r)i:i; ni w \M||^(,l(,^• lti7 "Hem; siu " / linn hi II III Hull ,/ ■• lli:.\l> IJs. Siiil. mil. I7stl, • "<>' niiiii, ,„ii, I, ,„ir luriuiiiuiiuil is „l,i„i, ,„ ,„/„ ,,„ , ,„ ,/„ ,„„/„„, /,,„„„, ';;'.' '""' ' '•;""'■"• " "■""" " ■" ' ''-" -"'■"""■" '"'M irs,.., ,„ ,-,, ,„. , „„„j, ;:::' II III, mil I.. Ill,- ,,i,s,.„. ,„,„riill,, niiiiluiml / ,„„ „„/ /,„•„,„„,/. „„, ,,„ / ,,„/, ,„ ,,„,,,. ^^• .•,•„■ / „■,//,„„„/„„ ,„ .,„„ ,iii„ I ,l,i„l, n.,r,i„. , ■„rli,-i,„i iniil , v.ia- „■ //„ ,V « ,,,,.,,, „/„//,/„ 1,111 i.,,i.„„.r~^.,i,il ,l,.i,- ,./.,., ,i„.,i,l..„, I,,,,,. „i. sUiiM rl.inii ,1] lliii,- n /,•,/. „„/,V, luii, l'>l'>n very iru.h, h,n,u,n nature .bseloses du. same < haraelens.ies, under SM.nL. e,r,:un,s.an.x., at all ti.nes ; au,l whether the world's theatre is oeen,,ied w..h he struggles of revoh.tions, or wnh the wrangle of pohtieians. the s,r,L i ever the same between the ins and the ouls." J'llIN Cm l{UA\. TiiK ursiiMN,K .,|. OK. .(„,n;AV AT PArAnxK iikhm;,.;, X. V. "Near the uestern boundary of the Town of Palatine, wit sight of the ^d.hun:h and looking a. ross the broad Hat lauds skirting the Mohawk river .stands au old.(;,shione.l s.p.are house, surrounded by locust trees. J-.c.,K„,.,orCon,,,.-, n, n,ila,K.l,,l„a i, i„ ,l,c ,,„s....ion uf l.u.l.or ls ■h,;;;: t:';:;;:;;::'::;;:;: •' '-^"■'^- '-"■ ^ "^ ---' -■^- ^--^^ >'^.u-. a.,.. "■l-lu_. .„clo..cl sk.td, or ,„y .„;„„h.„l,.., ,- ,,,KcM 1 ,1,. In.hrua, v M.auhe, of ,l„ M „M/i„e of An.encan II.Moiy clitccl l,y M,.. M,,,l,a |, l,a„,l, „,,„. ,|..c,.a.c,l ' "^ - llie Ki.j,'isler of Aiiiei iraii lli,i,.,v in uln.-li il,,. ,,„ 1 . , ,■ , , " Mks, Kaiii. S, liAxriK.' " Sinceii'ly \oi;r cnii^in, " J'i||\ CiHIlKAN. -'^^aB**' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4 ^ / ,<>« ..<' m-. ,> V 4^ fA // y /A m ^ i\ \\ s WrS ^ 'vi ,% ^^ 4(i8 A aonciiii.n of wAsmxarox " That it lias stood there for a long time is evidcKl, but that it was the home of the Surgeon-General of the Revolutionary army is probably known to but few. "This mansion was built when the accommodations fijr travelers between Albany and Utica were few, and was the resort of all the accjuainfances of the family who passed nj) and down the Mohawk. Especially was this so during the war of 1812-13. Iheir hospiiality was generous and proverbial, (leneral Scott told me that, as he passed to the northern frontier, he stopped with them. 1^' THE COCHRAN ilOUSE. Their larder being exhatislcd, they killed for him, he said, the peacock which t'urnislied to his taste a cai)ilal dinner. " In those days long trains of ' Canasloga ' wagons, driven by \'ankees and bearing merchandise lor the west, thronged the highway, and exasperated the Dutch farmers of the Mohawk. Thereupon would ensue furious battles between the Palatine Uutchinen and the ■ damned Yankees.' " There were r.iu'tcrings of wrath also when it was learned in March, 1792, that Joseph Brant (Thayendanega) had been invited to a conference with the government at Philadelphia and that he had left Niagaia for that city, via tin,' Mohawk valley, to visit his old home and to look upon the land that he h.ul wasted so ruthlessly with fire and tomahawk. In due time he came act 0111- '*!/ ■VVN^-r^,, iJa ii^: jniis cot ■lilt AX ■im pained by two gentlemen and atlendc.l by two l«„Iy serviinis of Iiis own, and, as the home of tlie Cochrans stood but a few miles from Brant's uU\ home at Indian Castle, he was invited by Major John Cocliran to pass tiie nif,'lu. " As soon as this became known a mob gaiiiered and tliere was danger tiiat he woald lie dealt with in a very summary manner, and it became liecessary to spn-it him away in the darkness to some other place. Rut he pursued his journey the next day and arrived safely in Piiiladelphia, althougli lie was followed as far as New York by a man who vowed to take his life." Many of the pieces of handsome mahogany furniture that adorned this man- sion were used by Washington at Ids iicadciuarters at Newburgh • and in 1781, presented by iiim to his " esteemed friend," Dr. Cochran. COCHRAN ARMS. *■ . ,_- ^. .. L... . J-_J rHAPlTR XIX I Aiii \ki\i; \. u. ^uii \ I IK /Av Hiune iif 0\;l'i\^i> V i k: w 'liii'. large lii'snitable-lodkiiig mansion with ils liigli chimneys and porticoes of Ionic colnnms ; ils strong wooden siuitlcrs ; its spacious front eniranco with heavy ininils and small glass siile lights, and its colossal brass kiu (kir, carried the specialor nito the last century. 'This two >iory and attic structure, though (if Wood, had thi( k dividing walls, to which one niiglil whisper a secret without conliding it to his next door neighbor. Until destroyed b) the, it stood as a link between the p.ist and llie pvisenl. (|uite dil'lerenl in appearance and st\ le from the modern dwellings uhii h are tonslructed with such lightning like ra- pidilv. l'"„nly in the cenlnr\-, this tmusualiy retired aii i CATHARINE TEN BROECK. 470 m vATiiMiisi: V. n. sciiiy.'.iai 477 whicli was Imniglit from Molh.iul, looks as if it luul hceii made to last and iii- teiuk'd to do so. A (Joliatli would be reciuired to move some of the pieces. To the IfU of the central hall was a small parlor ; and adjoniing that, the library whose tall book( ases, well lllle.l with attractive volnnus, ...vered' the "■alls on two sides, lis wind,,ws looked out over a pied vista ol shrubbery and (lowers. Aromul ilie bi- clumney hirked closets, the cpieerest that I have ever seen; large and small, scpiare and three-cornered, close down to the flo,,r, or liigh up, out of reach near the ( eiluig. their deep-set shelves filled with brii- a- brac not of the nineteenth century. In this room were large sofas with claw leet, and covered with horsehair cloth stu.lded with brass nails; tables beauti- tully carvetl and inlaid ; odd <:liaiis ; and a secretary which we ascertained to be the Imling place of secret drawers, and which still contains valuable relics of a time long past. There were busts of .Schuyler, Washington, and Hamilton in niches, ami several old paintings about the walls-it was the custom in the last century for every family of ix.siiion to have their imriraits taken. The charm- iiig fireplace that we used to enjoy .so greatly when the evenings were cool, had a high mantelpiece ador ed with silver candlesii. ks ; fender and andirons of brass; and a bnxul hearth, on which blazed a huge fire of logs whose ruddy glow brightened the room and shone out on the lawn to give a cheery welcome. Our elders had a fondness for reading ; when at home, my father spent many hours of the day there, and altogellier it was an ideal spot fi,r ri'llcction and reiH)se. Quite as interesting was the large parlor into which the sunshine iienetrated all day long, and in which were hung the greater number of the ])ortraits, that .seemed looking at us from the walls. The likeness of Aunt liruce, a Scottish ancestres.s, is black with age ; it represents her in a loose fitting gown, cro.ssed at the waist, with a crimson velvet mantle falling from the shoulders, and the red rose of the clan in her hair—a co.stuine of the siMeenlli century. The face IS so full of living intelligence that it seems almost rude to stand o,,^,i|,g jm,, it. A portrait of a great uncle, in a high collar encircled by a stock, hung opposite Although considered a young man of ability, he was persuaded to invest his tortune so securely in manilla rope, that he was unable to get more than a tithe "lit again. He had just sue ceeded in '■ cornering " the market, when two ships trom the Philippine Islands laden with the precious article arrived in New Vck harbor. The crash came and he was ruined. Nearbv was a quaint likeness of Catharine Ten Hroeck (wife of John I.ivingstonj painted on w(,od in 1710 Ihis was somewhat warped by age. She is dressed like a voung lady rather than a child of three, an.l sketche.l with a falcon resting in one hand and hold- ing a brilliant red rose in the other. She really looked as if she heard every word we were saying. Our great-grandfather, Philip Schuvler, was in the full Continental uniform of a major-general, his searching, kindlv eyes followin.r us everywhere about the room. ( )pposiie the fireplace hung another ancestral portrait that represented the gentleman in a great coat, only relieved by the lace and tnlle\ m ciilTs liinied up al the iIIjow, kiici- luccclics, scailcl slockii)j.'«, liigli shoes, ami silver knee biicklfs. In lliat room, among mi(Ullt;agc(l jicopi,., lie looked soli- tary and t'orlorn. A poitiait that 1 tunld never jiass without a sense of relief that a portrait was all tlial was left of him, was that of a grandfather in full Ijoltomed wig, gold spectacles, watch chain hanging from a fob, and resjilendent in bine coal and brass buttons. .Someinnes he was a very naughty man, and 1 woidd tiot lepeat his language for anything. In his last )ears— half sick, irritable, and e.\as|)er:ited by noisy graiclchildren — he would scowl over his spectacles, growl from the depths of his cravat, and occasionally tap us with his cane. This latter was a gift to his father ln>m the first president of Columbia College, but that fact did not make the grievaiK e less. When the old gentle- 'iiiaii was at last gathered to his fathers, my lamentation over him was not utKiccompanied by a leriain joy of having felt the last of that slick. One old painting iiarticiilarly engaged the attention. It was the life-si/ed portrait ot a most beauiilul young udin.in with a smile, lialf of triumph, in the lovely lustrous eyes. Slie was robed m a i|uaint gown of pink satin, and wore the ex- aggerated coifl'ure of the day, high heeled shoes, patihes, jiowder and ]iaint. How e.Mjiiisitely she was dressed ! That was our great grandmother. 'I he two jiortraits most ilear to us, were those of our ])aternal grandmother, Catharine V. R. ."^chuyler. In the lust, painted by Count de Neuville in 179S, she is represented as a young girl u iih soft brown ringlets hilling about the face, and seated at a piano. In the second, the work of the (clebialed Stuart, she ap|)ears as a mother with her little daughicr in her arms. The lace turban, col larette, and a bit of the gold colored satin dress are still preserved. This room was really tiie brightest and most inviting in tlv lujuse ; into it the sun I'oodeil every corner witli its radiance ; and in winter, the three deep windows were al- ways filled with hyacinths blossoming in glasses. The dining runui was also attractive. Tlure was a large fireplace, and there were a lew iJutch and Ivnglish pictures upon the walls — some so dark one could scarcely make out what they were intended to ])ortray. The high sidebo.ird that looked so much at home there, gliitered with cut glass decanters, and the old silver tea service. .V christening bowl of silver used at my grandmother's baptism in the old Dutch Church, al Albany, and for each grandchild in tin 11, had its place of honor there. Wine and cake were served to friends who called ; and from the little closets beneath came signficant odors of these dainties whenever the doors were opened. Tlieie were i|uantities of blue willow ware, brought tVom China by the first .'\meri(-an ship; the silver was handsome and heavy, and each large piece was engraved with a coat of arms. What a history is attacheil to much of this furniture and tableware that came from the Schuyler mansion at Albany ! It is intimately loniiecled with the great men whose lives have been sketched in former cha|)ters. When Cieneral Washington left his headrpiarters at Newburgli, in August, 178;^, he jiresented the furniture of the house to Ur. Cochran. Time has dispersed much of it, but several pieces still remain in oiir possession. What tales they could tell ! WSi CATIIMUSi: r. A'. SCIll yi.ER 478 The main staircase with its haliisliade of hard wuoil and carved post was one of tlie most interesting featiir.s of the house, thoiif;li liardly worthy of that artments on the upper lloor— iiriglu and c heerful even during the darkest of winter days— were ciuiously connected hy closets. Jvich room had a wide four poster of mahogany, and a bureau and dressing table of tiie same beauliln! wood. The wall i)a|)ers were execrable. The pictures on them re|)reseiited great festoons of gaudy colored llowers, birds and insects— iminob- able while the laws of nature remain as they are; and land and sea views ar- ranged without regard to perspective. Wrens would come in the niorning and sit on the window ledge and sing. Mird iioiises with small ai)erture.s— a most hospitable arrangement— had been placed there for them to nest in, anil it was sweet to be roused from sleep by their cheerful, melodious notes; and great fun to watch the dainty sjirites go in and out— uticriy oblivious of our presence. l-'rom time to time 1 sketched tlie view we enjoyed from the south windows— a stretch of tlie nver, a bit of the reil stone house on the opposite shore half hiddui by dustering foliage, and tlie oak crowned hill beyond toward the west. 'I'here was a fascinating garret with cobwebby windows, and iiiinches of herbs and clusters of ixipcorn ears hanging from the rafters. It was filled with broken down haircloth sofas; odds and ends of curious furniture ; hair trunks with initials made of brass nails ; cainplior-wood chests ; boxes and barrels and other repositories of family papers and discarded linery of the past eighty years standing in a solemn row under the eaves. The old attic where all these mis- cellaneous articles had met as if by some prearrangement was a tine place for the game of hide-aiul-seek. Side by side with the accumulated ruiibish of the liast, stood (leneral Schuyler's camp chest— a wooden bo.\ three feet long, tilled with the table furniture and cooking utensils used iiy him during tiie war ; and a big sijuare trunk— 1 have it still— contains the grand ball dress of rich brocade, and the high heeled satin slippers. It was made after the Colonial period, the materials being of light ground with bunches of bright colored, hand embroidered flowers. It is partly covered with lace and ornamented with ostrich plumes; the sleeves and fichu are also of rare lace. This costume was first worn by our great-aunt, Margarita Schuyler when she was married to Sleiiheii Van Rensselaer. .\t President Washington's fust Inauguration liall given in New York on May 7th, 1787, it graced the fair form of an ancestress. In the lower back lull hung a row of leather buckets— relics of a past age when " fire buckets tilled the office of hose ; in them water was passed by Iriendly hands disposed in a file from the place of siijiply to where it was needed, an op- liosite file returning the buckets when emi)tieil." The well at the kitchen door was one of our most attractive possessions ; with its great wooden bucket— not yet supplanted by the more convenient pump— for bringing up the cooling draught. It was like a deep cup, lined from top to IIHll '•!';! hm-' IHII .1 i.iilifllll.h III' \l .\siil.\<;ii).\ I M: I ill f*' li liiittiilii Willi llif sdllcsl, 1)1 uli'iii, liviiij; inns'. ; .ind liiiis Iciiilci .mil (jiic, Ic.in uif; iJiil (ivir iIk- vv.ilcr — as it to f;:i/f ii|h)1i iIk' mIIo I iniis nl lluir wwii InvcliiK ss mil loicd Ihi'ic. 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Ihe bean.ifnl sp.k,- l,k.- .IusI.ts .„ wini., p,„k, pn,p|... an. .•, Ihk-s, s.M«lo an.l .l.M.lil... ,|„. ,|,.l,n.M,s h.i„a,„ .- wall..! Iut.- an.l th. ,.- „, .,11 .li,,..- tions „v,.r tlu- KM..I..n wn,- t.. n„. tin- n,„st pm„,„s .,f all ll,.. |,i,ll.s. ( )„,• nx.rnni^ „, ,.arly spring,,,,,,., iha, l.nsy anxn.ns s.as.in Inr the Inr.ls, 1 ,l,s, ..v.n.l a yunn^r r.ilun s,an.ln,K '" ^ | I .,1 wai..,- .|„s (.•a,h,-rs soakni^ vv,,. Ins .-v.-s t.«l.tly .loscl. he. ri.nl w.lh ..,l.|. | .....k the- Jn||..,| 1,„|, |..„,y in ,ny li an.l it*-Z A aUlK'lULl) OF WASIIIMrrON w most tenderly, and placed him in a sininy window-seat to dry; while his parents in a state of expectancy chirped noisily in the shrubbery. Slowly the tiny crea- ture returned to life; fluttered his wings; opened his eyes and looked about; and wiien perfectly restored was set free; and the fuss that my feathered friends made over their offspring, was quite the prettiest little drama that I ever saw enacted. 'l"he presence of a human being was nothing to tiiem. As I looked on in admiration all three flew away over my head — so closely tliey almost swept me with their wings. 'I'lie daffodil is characteristic of the early year. I remember beds of them in tiie garden of my childiiood, tlieir yellow blossoms and green leaves forming a most be.uitifiil combination of color. The finest grew on the north side of tlie liouse ; as fnie as tliuse I saw on tlie margin of Ullswater, "Nodding their golden heads beside the dancing and foaming waves " — a veritable golden trail. " Ton tlioiis.iinl '-aw 1 :U a j;lam;e Tossing llicir licails in •-iirif^lilly ^e bewd.lenng. Roselnwls in countless m.dlitu.les bl,„„„e.l in evervmrf an.l the whole space was literally alive with nnria.is of butteribes, small iA u.r- to.se-she Is, red a.lmnals, dainty yellow an.l p.ne whites. The cK.th of gold rose uu a pecubarly .lelightful way of .sprea.bng the earth with orange; w'tile yet the laden boughs shoue.l no apparent loss. .Ml the old favorites were there to., from the fragrant an.l perishable whit.s an.l pinks on ,., ,h. .iamask an.l 1 e .lark re.l velvety le.ve.l f.eorge the W . (less profuse in its bloom) al bloss.n>nng for ,lear iHe, l!ut a s.nall blush rose well veile.l in grcrn.' phuUed l.y n.y grau.hnother for n,e, was the n.„st pre.u,us .,f .11. „ survive.l long after she ha.l .lone w„h life and its c.npanions ha.l been wn„er kille.l ; ea.h year put nng forth us leaf an.l bloom always refreshing an.l ex.pnsite. I never c.n", un.lerstan.l .-hy su.h sweet .lowers as r.,.ses .lo not secrete lu.ney, n.,r why the 1 vely worn, .lebghts n, curling up a leaf f.,r his castle.-then letting himself clown frotn dangerous heights. These leaf-rollers that .levour evervtfting an.l "K-nace spee.ly run, woul.l be tnore lu.lico.ts we.e they less prov.,king'-one can- n.)t enter ii,to a struggle with them on e.jual terms kho.l.,den.lrons never thrive.l in our part .,f the c.n.ntry ; bu, the fee pcnies fron. (hn,a ,n,ght have posed as roses for the g.ant of Rabehns' satire, w" coul. ,lr,nk a nver dry. The vari-clore.l winecups .,f the .nonnug-glories and be day b es we.e lovely. My tnother was fon.l of ar,anging t ,em i g bowls f.,r the breakfast table, the .lelicate blues and r.,se.tims . f the on am trasung .l,vn,ely w,.|, ,he ivo.y white of the o,her,_at n.,..n they w-ere fa.led I he thiee clas.ses of low-growing peonies must not be neglected ; the heavv c^.~ Uku changes so .p.ickly i„ the sun, the pu.e c.ul' white witi.i Ir Ui ,i r. ' """ •""•''• ""' '^•^">' »■- '-gerose-colore.1 for many nays retaining us beauty u, water. ^ i'jUl nil { «ill There was also a fair representation of Oriental puiipies, stately perennials with petals burning like tlanies. Perfectly hardy, antl easy of cultivation, tliey were superb. But parts of the garden that gave us most pleasure were sunny stretches where certain plants bloomed side by side in every possible combination of beauty, the greater number of them without cessation until frost. Bachelor buttons, charm- ing corn-flowers of France, the fleur sauvage of the fields; tall, showy larksjiur ranging tlirough many hues ; balsam closely resembling a lady's slipper, l)ul too dainty for the U>ul of Cinderella herself; bluebells, like those that adorn " ICUen's Isle ; " strong-scented marigokls ; blue and white campanula ; cheery, energetic candytuft; fraxinella, famed for its fr;igrant leaves ; honey-sweet white alyssum ; love-in-a-nnst of mystic charm; bright-ejed coreopsis, a ret'ulgent, barbaric creation ; convolvuli, frail cups for dew ^' ne ; starry, compact clusters of blue forget-me-not that "grows for happy lovers;" four o'clock's, with brilliant calyx; purple spires uf foxglove; delicate tufts of lobelia; the showy petunias; exquisite patches of low-growing phlox; nodding spikes of prince's feather ; mats of verbena glowing with comfort ; pheasant's eye, and clove pinks pure white and fringed, refreshing specimens ; clustered llowers of sweet williani; bright colored dahlias; deep crimson snapdragon with its ilensely packed racemes; sweet peas of vivid tints climbing high on trellises ; dove- sceiiteil stocks lowly and fragrant ; tufts of scarlet columbine named for the sweetheart of Ilarlecpiin; and tall while lilies — the fairest of all the highly- l)ri/ed llowers that made the old time gaideiis the fascinating things they were. It is a great temptation to linger ; but to penetrate far into this alluring region is beyond my prcjvince now, though the materials arc practically inexhaustible. It would take too long to tell of all the llowers we had, but a i\:w more I nul^t mention. The aniuud poppies — showy herbs of the Old World — came on in all the varied ])inks, reds, and whites ; they yielded surprines in the almost endless va rieties and mixtures of color, and tlie pleasing uncertainty as to the amount of doubleness to be expected. John Ruskin sa\s ; '• 1 know of no tlower that basso many charming trie ks and manners, none with a method of growth more fascina- ting. We usually think of a poppy as a coarse llower ; but it is the most trans- parent and delicate of all the blossoms of the field. The rest, nearly all of them, depend on the texture of their surfaces for color. I'ut the poppy is painted glass ; it never glows so brightly as when the sun shines through it. Wherever it is seen, against the light or with the light, always it is a flame, and warms the wind like a blown ruby .... dather a J'oppy bud, just when it shows the scarlet line at its side, break it o])en and unpack the poppy. The whole flower is there conijjlete in si/e and color, its stamens full grown, but all packed so closely that the tine silk of the petals is crushed into a million of wrinkles. When the flower opens, it seems a relief from torture; the two im- prisoning green leaves are shaken to the ground, the aggrieved corolla smooths "■"'•"•■^- ■ --ntr ^ cATiiMiiM-: \. u. .■sciiryjjcji 41-,'i itself in the .sun and comforts itself as hesl it ran, but remains crushed and hurt to the end of its days." The gay golden esch.scholt/.ia from California had not yet been transplant-,1 to the east, which, beautiful as it is, in the long list of beauties, has a tenden. y to f)verrun everything. Ill our climate— a c limate that one cannot keep in the same mind about for one whole day together— when the capricious weatlier did not suit the helio- trope, it would look dejected and i>itiful with its fragrant, one sided (lower- heads hanging straiglit down ; but a soft rain followed by plenty of heal would make all the dilleience in the world, and set all right. Among all cropped out the greenish-white fringes of the mign.mette that lluues so well in tlie autnnm, and under the microscope reveals su.h marvels of construction. No perfume that I know can equal its fragrance, and I am nol so sure that the Lugcr variety of to-day smells the sweeter for its great si/e The nod.lmg bellshapcd lilies of the valley grew in partly sha.led no,.ks ; and f.nher on, skirting the lane in ,,rimal wildness, thick growths of red-berrie.i elder ami cnmson sumacli llourished with sunllowers of golden .unmels and be which covered the hillsides were one mass of brilliant foliage, ami here an.l there along the high river banks coul.l be seen large patches of color, ami about all hung a mistv ha/e, the scentless white wuul-nower (anemone) no.lde.l an.l clustered, an.l the hardy chrysamhemum glowed wilh blossoms that laste.l after the garden-a fragrant memory-was .stripped, an.l all else was done. We l.n-ed llowers e.,ually well_grandmama and I ; aiul as 1 ualke.l with her through the dear old pleasannce, out un.ler the trees, ami among the nasturtiums an.l the roses, .lense with sweet s.euis of smnmer, I realized what a my.steriously beautiful w.,rl.l it is, and that there TiN(;iisni:i) luiKNOS (;p:or('.k WAsiiiNdioN i'arkk i rsiis " G. W. V. Cr.sTis was the adupled son of Washington and the grandson of Mrs. Wasliington. * * * in 1745, Daniel I'arke C"ustis, of ancient and honorable descent, married the beautifnl Martha Dandridge, (hinghter of John J >an(hidge, of New Kent connly, and died in 1737, leaving fonr children: Daniel I'arke, Francis I'arke, John I'arke, and Martha C'nstis I'arke. 'I'lie two eldest died while young ; Martha died at MomU Vernon on the lyth of June, 1773. Mrs. Custis ni.irried (leoige Washinglon on the 0th of January, 1759; she was born in Ma\-, 17,^2, and died at .Mount N'ernon, the 22(1 of May, 1802. "John I'arke Custis was, tlierefore, the only cliiUl of this marriage to leave issue; he was born at the 'White House,' on the I'amunkey river, iii New Kent county, in 1753; '''*-■'' ■'' ' I'-bliaui,' the residence of his maternal uncle, liiu'- well JJasselt, on the 5th of November, 17S1. lie had married on the 3d of February, 1774, the second daughter of llenedici CaUerl, of ' .Mt. .Airy,' I'rince Cieorges's county, Md., a son of ('luirles Calvert, sixth Lord Baltimore, who married, in 169S, l.ady (.'harlotte Fit/roy, daughter of ICdward Henry I.ee, first Ivirl of latchfu'ld. The yijung couple lived for some time at ^[onnt Vernon, and then moved to '.\bingdon,' on the Potomac, a shoii disl.nice above Alex- andria, where their three older children were born, it is said that F.leanor Calvert was only sixteen at the time of her marriage ; nor was the husband much older, having not yet reached his twentieth year. On the 3d of April, 1773, General Washington wrote to Mr. Calvert, entering a protest against the union of the young people: '. . . . .My son-in-law and ward, Mr. Custis, lias, I have been informed, p:iid his addresses to your second daughter, and, having made some progress in her affection.s, has solicited her in marriage. How far a union of this sort may be agreeable to you, you can best tell : but 1 should think myself wanting in candor, were I not to confess, that Miss Nelly's amiable iiualities are acknowledged on all hands, and that an alliance with your family will be pleasing to his. This acknowledgment being made, \(}u must permit me to add, sir, that at this, or in any short time, his youth, inexperience, and unrijier.ed education are, and will be, insuperable obstacles, in my opinion, to the completion of the marriage. * * * It may be expected of tne, per- haps, to say something of ])ro|)erty ; but, to descend to p:irticulars, at this time, must seem premature. In general, therefore, I shall inform you, that Mr. 488 :| J il m '?iii \\'\ I i- 4S9 it l< mmm QEOIUIE WASUISaWN IWHKK VVSTIS 491 Ciistis's estate consists of al,<..,t Hfteen thousand :urcs .,f land, a g„od ,,art ad- jo.ning the city of Williaiashurg. and none of it forty miles fron, that place- several lots in the said city; between two an.l three hundred negroes- and about eight or ten thousand pounds upon bond, and in tlie hands of his' mer- chants. This estate he now holds, in.lependent of his mother's dower, which will be an addition to it at her death ; and, upon the whole, it is such an estate as you will readily acknowle mm' I 4<)4 .•I aoDciiiLD OF \\:isiii.\(;rox rounded l)y patriarchal trees of oak and chestnut on all sides except in front, where the {ground slopes away towartl the Potomac river, revealing the pictur- esque panorama of tlie American capital. "In 183:, Mary, the daughter of C \V. P. Custis, married Robert Edward Lee, a young lieutenant in the Uniicd States army. The ceremony, which took place at .'Vrlington, was performed by the Rev. William Meade, afterward a distinguished bishop of the diocese of Virginia. On his way to the wedding he was caught in a Jieavy thunderstorm, wliich played siicli liavoc with his clerical garb that he w;us forced to borrow raiment from the bride's father. He being tall and thin, and Mr. Custis short and stout, the effect of tlu> change ARLINGTON HOUSE. was very ludicrous, save when tlie clergyman was covered with the ample folds of his surplice, which he could s-arcely be induced to remove during tlie re- mainder of the evening. " In those days wedding trips were unheard of, and the guests remained at Arlington for a week of festivity. I'^very night, at the hour for retiring, the servants brought in a brimming punch bowl, which had been presented toCiedrge Wasliington by Colonel Fit/luigh, a former aide decamp. Inside was painted a ship, its hull resting in the bottom and its masts i)rojecting to the brim. It was a law of tlie house, and one that was always strii liy enforced, to drink down to the hull. Tiie festivities were concluded by a ball at dunston Hall, the neigh- boring home of the Mason family, after which the guests departed, and the young couple settled down to Imusekeeiiing." The property is now uwned by the Cioverimient. mti^mmm ■• ' ^ ' • *^:' -xV^?I^^^^^ WILLIAM HEATHCOTE de LANCEY. ./,/. \i m m^ ::rl,:r WILLIAM lIKATJlCOri: III-: LAM'EY 497 WILLIAM HEATHCOTE dk LANCEV A/i Aiiieriicin Bishop " James de Laii. ey, the eldest son of the LieiUeiiantCoveinor, born in 1752, was the head of the political party called by his name, from his fatiier's .Uaih to tiie Revolution and its leader in the Asseml)Iy of tjie Province. " John I'eter de Lancey, the fourth son of the Lieutenant (Jovernor, u,i^ b. 1 n in the City of New York, July 15th, 1753, and died at Mamaroiu , 1<, |.,mKny 30tli, 1828. He received the Heathcote estates of iiis nioiiiL-r, in liie Maucr of Scarsdale; and having retired from a military life, in 1789 returned to America and resided at Mainaroneck. He built a new house, still standing (,n lleatlRi-ie Hill, the site of his grandfather Heathcote's great bri(k manor house, wiiich was accidentally burned several years i)rior to the Revolution. Ht- married the 28lh of September, 1785, Kli/abeth Floyd, daughter of ('(.lonel Ri, juird l'l,,\d, of Mastic, Suffolk county. His third son was William Heathc( le, born the 8th of October, 1797, at Mamaroneck, and died at Ceneva, N. V., Ajiril sih, 1865. Ik- was the first bishop of Western New \'ork. He gra.liuitcd In,,', \;,le College in 1812, and at once commeiued the sliuiy of theoh.gy with the cele- brated bishop Ibibart, as a jirivate student. He was ordained a i,riest by that prelate on March 6th, 1822. Mr. de Lancey married on the 221! of November, 1820. Fiancis, third daughter of Peter Jay Munro, the distinguished lawyer of New Voik and of Mamaroneck. In 1839, upon the division of New \'ork'siaie into two dioceses, he was elected bishop of that part of the stale, west of I'li,;,, and conseciated bishop of Western New York, at Aulnirn, May 9th, 1839, and took up his residence at fJeneva in Ontario county, a town nearly in the centre ot the new diocese the same \ear. " After a long, dislingiiished and successful episco|)ate of twenty-one ycais, Hishop e struggle was over. No higher testimony could l)e given to the manner in which he dis(-liarged his high office, than the fact of great and steady growth in his diocese, logelher wilh a mainienance (if an uilernal harmony, unity and )ieace, such as no one of our great dioceses has been able to eiiual, much less surpass ; nor was he ever the subject of systematic alUuk from outside of his own jurisdiction. l!iii bis ( are was not limited to his own im- mediate charge. While Hobart College, and l)e \'eau.\ College, and the Theo- logical Training School, and other flourishing church schools, manifest his power of organization and maintenance, and his success in rallying aid by means of the confidence which his |iersonal and official cha. liter insjiired, he never neglected the General institutions of the Church. Not only in Cieneral Con- vention was he one of the strong men of the Upper Ibiiise; but in the Hoard of Missions, in the Church IJook Society, in the Cieneral Theological Seminary, he has been the foremost, sometinies the one of all others to lead the way at < ritical moments, anil to sound the (all to whi( h others ucrc gl.id to rally. His clear sightedness. indeed, sometimes made him a little in a(han(e of his time; and no truer proof of wisdom ( oiild be given by a tenacious man than the jirompt- ness with which he dropped a subject when satislied that it was iiol \et ripe for action. t)ne case of this kind was in regard to the Ceneral Theological Seminary, which he I'urcsaw ninsl sooner or later change its form from a gen- <'ral to a Kjcal institution ; and about twenty years ago he proposed it in the lioard. The proposal failed, .ind was not renewed. The time for that change is nnich nearer now than it was then, and the shape whi( h it will i ike, will jirobably be dilferent in some important respe( ts from Hisho]) de I.ancey's ideas at that lime, lint his foresight as lo the coming change will continue on record. Another and siill more import, nit subie(i w;is aKo introduced first by liini into the Cieneral (!onvention — the adoption of the Provincial .System. nislio|) White, indeed, had sketched out the ])lan long before, and he had taken it from the universal system of the church in all ages and countries ; but liisluip de I.ancey was the lirst to propose it, formally, to the legislature of the chiircli. The time had not come ; and the bishop wisely lei it sleep thereafter; lait here, m nil. I. /AM iiK.iniroTK /)/■: i.ascky i'Mi as before, tlie proof of liis foresight as lo the appruacliing and certain needs of the church is written in the records of her instiliitions. ISishops of nu.re brilliance in some dei)arlments, of more moving eloi|iieny of tlie New N'ork Cin- cinnati, I )r. John CHarkson, Ileiiry Onderdonk, Jr., and I'rolessor I leiiry Augustus Duilois, M. ]>., 1.1,. 1). Mr. Fish then read law in the i t'lice of Peter Augustus Jay, l^sip, and was admitted to the New Wrk bar in 1S50. •• The limits of this memoir will not admit of a detailed aci oiint of his siib- sei|ueiit political career, which, whenever o|)porlunily afforded, always re- diuindcd to the credit of his country. From Mar( h 4tli, i84_^, lie served one term as representative in the 'Tweuty eighth C'oiigress, In m the Sixth Con- gressional District of his native city. On November 2d. 1847, lie was ele< ted Lieutenant ("lovernor of the Staf of New \'ork, to fill a xacaiu) ; and in 1848 waselected Cmveruor, and held that ofti( e one term. On .Mauli lylh, 1851, la- was elected a Senator of the United Slates from liis si.iie, and at the close of his term, in 1857, went abroad with liis fainil\' for a considerable period. He was in I'aris during the regime of Napoleon III., when the euurt eti(|uette of the Hiiiirbons was, as far as practicable, observed, and was, b) reason of his ottice in the Order of the Cincinnati, received at a court ceremonial at ^'ersailles with special luuiors. " In .Aiiril, 1861, lie became jirominent as a champion for the preservaliiui of the L'liion, and was chairman of the Union Defenie Committee, 1861-65. ai.d frecpiently consulted by I'resiiU'iil Lincoln. ( )ii M.ikIi iitli, i86y, he was ap- pointed L'nited Stales Secretary of State in the adiiiiuistratioii of ['resident (iraiit, and held that responsible oftice with great advantage to liis coiintr\ for eight years. In the negotiation of the great treaty of Washington with Oreat iirilain for the arbitration of the .Mabama and Fisheries claims ; in the satis- f.ictory settlement of the \"irgiiiins case with Spain ; in the negotiation of an ex- tradition treaty with dreat Britain, as well as in otlier less iiii|)orlant di])loniatic negxo 'ions; in the vigorous assertion of .\nieiican domiuauie over Hawaii as i:o:t against fureign interference, anil in ilie sle;i.ir,isi prolediun of American inlir- ests in every quarter oi the globe, lie won an enduring reputation, and by his labors potentially aided in placing ilic Lniiud States in liie forefront of the iia lions of tlie wori(i. So tactfid, ciincl, but nnreniillihg, were liis labors in tlie great Alal)ania claims matter, that his conntrynien h.ndly realized the obligations they were under to him for tiie successful and satisfactory termination of an in- ternational tiueslion, which, sooner or later, \v;inia, M.ijor- (ienei.il Ihiralio C.iles, 1,1,. I ). Major l'iii)iiani was the latest of the Continental lane of the Revo- lution ehoseit President Cieneral. "The peculiar and remarkahle respect anii did nut disdain the ileln ate allniily, and |ilai iiig Ins hand un the head ul hei lilllr I liaij^e, gave him Ins lihssnif;. " In Ins liiiiilh ye.ir, W'ashiii^lun was sent Ik si liuul in .\iine slieel, kept liy a Mrs. Ann Kilmaster. I'rom Mis. Kilmaster he w.is transleirid, tuwaid lliei lose ul I 7H1;, III a siliuul lur hiitll sexes kepi hv Heiijaiinn Ruinainc. At the aj;e ul eleven, liuuks ul vuyages and liavils liei .inie Ins passiuii 'lluw wistlillly,' says he, in the ilitrudiicliuii to the Skeli h liuuk, ' wunid I wander aliuiil the pier- iieads in line weather, ami walih the parting; ships liuiind lu distant i limes — with what lunj;inu eyes wuiilil I i^a/e .nlliT then h s' .iniijj sails, and wait my ill) if^in.iliiin In the ends of the earth ! ' Su strum', ilid tins desire hei uiiie, that at the age iif ruiirleeii it had nearly lipenecl intu a piirpuse to ehipc Iruni hume, and engage as a sailur. The idea ul living un salt purk, whirli was his ahhur- leine, was, hiivvevei, a great dl.lwhaik In Ills resuliilluli. lint with the luliiage ul a in.iil\'r he deleiiiiiiied Id iiveri nine his dislike, and ai ( urdingly lie made it a prai III e lu eat it at cMiy uppui liiiiily. It was ancrlhi 1 pail ul his disi ipline, liy way uf pnpaiiiig tur a haul luia h, tii gel up Iruiii Ins heil ,ii niijil, and he on the liare lluui. Itiil the disi uinlurls (il this iigiinen suun piuved luu nun h \>\ Ins pei.sevciani e , with e\eiv new trial the puik rliw h ■,'. appil it luii:,, and the haul Ihiur inure haul, until his ll.illering resulnliun 1 ami- tu a tulal cullapse. "Ills eiliKatiun w IS I uiiipleled lieluiehe had attained Ins sivleeiilli \ear; at least t lull I tins pen ml he .issinned the dliei liuii ul his uwn si i idles Ills lautli CIS, I'eler and Juhn, had heen sent tu ( 'uhiliiliia ( ullege, and w h\ he did in. I le (eive the same advantages he 1 uiild nexer salislaeturdv explain, 1 \i 1 pi ihal he was niuie alive lu the drudge 1 y than the ad\antage ul a 1 muse ul ai adi inn I lain ing He never laded, liuwever, tu regret the iimissiun in alter lilr At iln age cean he was about to cniss would mil its waters for seventeen vears between him and his home. I luring his residence abn ad he traveled niut h in J'.nglaiid, Scotland, France, and Spain. His 'Sketch Book,' was sent home in fragments and published in pamphlet numbers during 1X18. The titles of his succeeding works are well known. He returned to New York in 1832. " He was minister lo Spain from 1842 to 1846, and on his return published several important works, the most elaborate of which w,i> 'The l.ife of fleoige Washington.' " For a number of years he resided on the Hudson, near Tarrytown, in the beautiful old mansion whi<-li he christened ' Simnyside.' He was indebted to his lYieud. Mrs, Kenwick, the heroine of 'The Hliie eyed Lassie,' of liurns, for the slip of ivy from Melrose Abbev , which she planted with her own hai ils, and lived to see, running in rich li. riance cjver the walls of Simnyside." Washington Irving died on Novemlier 28tli, 1857. Hy his nephew, I'll kki. M. Ikvino. • ^1 7T ■■^f^^^WWIPPfPfl I m m 514 A aonciriLi) of WAsiiiXdTo.v ingeniously contrived, so as sometimes to afford secluded walks, and at others to allow fine vistas of the broad expanse of the river scenery. " Over the porch is the following inscription : Krcctcd Anno 1650, Keljuill by Washington Irving, Anno 1835. Geo. Ilaivey, Arcliilcct. " Above the peaked turret of the portal, glitters a horse in full gallop, once the weathercock of the great Van der Heyden palace at Albany ; the other upon the eastern gable formerly surmounted the Stadt H(juse of New Amster- dam. "The interior is in perfect harmony with the exterior design of this quaint and venerable edifice. In the library are preserved the elbow chair and writing desk of Diedrich Knickerbocker." '\>].:;j ^f,' ■•• i','-\ m ««mH wmm I. (, lliMl ju:.\s(i.\ .loit.s i.D.ssi.su 517 BENSON lOHN I.OS.SING All Aiiiniiiiii //is/iiriiin " DlCAR AIrS. liAXTKK : •' In rei)ly to )-oiirs of M.ircli j6tli, I liavc ;it luuul some iKipcrs to wliicli I will icClt, for thf short sketch uhich j-oii have re'iiiestc.l. An Albany woik says: Mr. Lossing was born at iJeeknian, Dutchess connty, N. \'., and descended from the Diit
  • eoi)le, with whom he was surrounded, there was cause for gratitude, as this first going out into the world. His mother's family was tenderly affectionate, and absence from them was a measure full of hardship, to which it was long before the boy became ai customed, in future efforts to earn his livelihooil. "A biographical notice ])iepared for the Worcester .Society of Antiquity, says it was while learning the trade of watchmaker at l*c.ughkeei)sie, that Mr. Dossing, 'became interested in historical matters, an odd volume of Gibbon's Rome found among some rubbish— being the incentive and first inspiration in this line, in which he was destined to obtain an extended reputation as an historical writer. His aiiprenticeshij), which la.sted for several years, was a severe one, he being reciuired to work incessantly, and having but little time for reading or study.' " Notwithsl:indiiig the i)revalent hardships and disadvantages that under the circumstances, a lad of literary tastes, would encounter in the earlv part of this century, ' he contributed at the early age of sixteen, prose and poetry to the local newspapers. He made i)rogress also in his trade, and at nineteen years of age, manufactured an old-fashioned English clock. About the year 1830 he be- ll'.. 511 A (loncinij) or \\Asiii\(irox K came ;i joinl editor and proprietor of " I'lie I'ouglikecpsie Telegraph," and for six years kejit up liis coiiiicclion wilii that eiiier|)rise. Altervvard lie, with the assistance of two or three friends, started a seini-nionthly newspajjcr called, " The Casket," and assmned the editorial chair and wrote stories, poems, essays and editorials, in fact fnrnisiied nearly all of the reatiing matter.' " His interest in having apjjrojjriate illnstrations to his various publications, which became so prominent in later years, seems to have started about this time, for he employed John A. Adams, a wood engraver of some note, t(j in- struct him in the art. '. . . . In 1S38 he removed to New York City, " wliere there were only five engravers on wood," and later he became the editor of, and made the illustrations for, " The Family Illustrated AFaga/.ine," the fuit fully illustrated periodical in the I'niled Slates. . . . lie pursued the business of wood engraving for about thirty years, most o. the time under the firm name of Loss- ing iS: liarritt.' '•The lirst book prepared by Mr. Lossing was an Outline History of the Fine Arts, publisheil in 1S40. According to the biographical n(il ice of the Worces- ter Society of Anticpiity, 'his Pictorial Field ii.n k ol the Revolution, a work which gave him a wide reiiulation, was completed in about live years, and published in 1851 in two large octavo volumes (jI si uic lilieen hundred pages and a great number of illustrations. In the |ircp.ir.iiiiin of this great work Doctor l.ossiug traveled about nine thousand miles \i\ the original thirteen states and Canada, in collecting tlie material which w.is used in its production. In 1868 he produced a snnilar work on the uar ol 181 j, and one on the Civil war, in three volumes of two thnusand pages and twelve hundred illustrations, the fn'st volume being published in 1806, the last in 186S.' " Many engravings made in .Mr. Lossirg's earlier works were from his own original sketches, and many of his own iiriginal sketc lies, were drawn on the block by himself, for the engraver. " He spared neither labor nor pains in the preparation of these valuable volumes, and they .ire now recogni/.ed as historii works of more than common ac( uracy. " In i860 there appeared in the London .-Vit Jdurnal a series of very inlerest- ing articles on ' The Hudson River from the Wilderness to the Sea,' whii h was published in book form in 1866. He also aniiotaled ' Custis's Recollections of Washington,' at the reipiest of Mrs. Robert li. Lee of .Arlington, and about the same time prepared the volume entitled 'The Home of Washington and its Assoc:iatioiis,' also fully illustrated. " 111 1876 Doctor Lossing wrote ' The .American Centenary,' by request of a l'hil,idel|)hia publisher, working fourteen hours a day, writing and correcting the proofs with his own hands, and at the same time furnished sixty four pages a month for 'Our Country,' a work publislied 111 parts. " In 1870 he read before the New York Historical Society, ' .\ memorial of Alexander .Anderson, M. 1)., the first engraver on wood in America,' which was privately printed in 1S72. In 1872-3-4 he edited the ' .American Historical f ■ MF^WWM^ISB' iiKA'sox jniix i.ossixa 519 Record,' a magazine (if miicli historical value. ' Vassar College and its Fiiiiiidcr,' was written and illustrated iiy Doctor Lossing liy desire of tlie board of Iriislees, of whom he had lieen one since the eslahlishnient of the college. Besides his series of historical and biographical works, which luinihered forly- t^vo, he wrote or edited many others of value. " In 1855 lie recei\ed Ihe honorary degree of A. M. from Ilannllon Cdllcge, in 1870 the same degree from Columhi.i College, and that of 1,1,. I), in iti-j^ from the University of Michigan. He was a member of the American .Ami- (juarian Socicly, of the New N'ork Historical Society, honorary member of ihe New iMigl.iml Historic ( lenealogical Society, and an active and inrrespondiiig member of ten or twelve other historical and literary sii ieties. "Doctor Lossiiig's first wife was a daughter of 'riioina^ r.,irritl, an I'liiglish- man who came to the United States about iSoo ; his second wite was a d.nighter of Nehemiah Sweet. " He was a member of the Kpiscojial (Hiun h. and Mr. Nathaniel I'a) lie who collected muc:h of the foregoing data, writes he was elei led an honorary mem- ber of the Worcester Society of .Anticiiiily, June sih 1877. " Mr. Satterlee of Highland Falls in his ' l'',venin,i; with l.i ssiiig,' i|iiotes a letter of Washington Irving, in which he says to Mr. l.cssing, '1 have been gratified at finding how scnipnlonsly attentive you have been to accuracy to facts, which is so essential in writings of an historical nature.' — Mrs. l''orris has written of him, ' he was a courteous gentleman of the old school,' and his old New York publishers, ' that he passed a long alternoon to his useful and blame- less life.' A friend in his own county s.iys, ' the reader is to be pitied, who has not been enlarged and t'orlilied in the knowledge vi bis own country, who is not familiar with his name in this connection, and that he was an untiring, industrious, painstaking cili/.en.' "1 thank you, Mrs. Baxter, for having brought us to speak of our beloved and Jerveiit histori.in. The J'lTVor of bis love f(jr history never abated. It must have had its tound.ition in his Inve of Coii's ])eciple, perhaps peculiarly for those of .America, and yet he was deeply impressed willi the stories of foreign peo[)les and that stury of the Cieiuiese sailor, the story of ('olumbiis, so soon to become so prominenl. Fc.r Mr. Lossing, the c(jming of the anniversaries, and tlie ending of the ct'iitury, were to be a l.iiid of promise, into which he was not to enter, but the fervent love of history, was unabated from the first to the l.ist. '' 1 need not say to you how he Wdiild have enjoyed what you are now doing, or how he would 1 ave been pleased to send you fresh words, of those loved ami honored, of the founders of the Republic, Washington and Schuyler, and of the little godchiiil, who amid such blessings and surroundings, was to enter life, with its field of duties and enjoyments. " Sincerely yours, '• 11 11, E.N S. I.ossim;." t .. S30 .1 liiilKllll.l) OF H tslii.\<;ii)\ a<:SIDKNCl': OF H. J. LOSSING. " The Ridpe." I! Tin: i.ossiNi; miharv " 1 sciul yon two pluitogra|)l)s u( our inx'sciit luime, in which Mr. 1-ossiiif; livt-il longer than at any ntlicr, and whtTt' Ik- cicisiMi iiis earthly career. 'I'he verv simple litile home where he w.is born in Heeknian is now torn down, and ' one where he lived wiiii his mother and his nncle's family till he was ten ; ■of age, is materially change2i Fislikill to PoughkiTpsif, .Hill w:ii(l ihvitimI l)y liiikin.ni ;iiul anotlicr, and tlifre w.is OIK' pri,.!- to lli.u Inmi ilic Indians, l.nt I foinct .,11 tin- spdling ,,f il,e naiiu's, thoiiKli lor ,1 KtiitMlo-ist, 1 N|nMit .suiiR' iiiiu- ,,\i.| 111,. 11, l.ist spring. 'I'lie Krionds or (^u.ikcrs, with wh.mi Mr. Lossing wa.s always nioro or less .issocialcriiiri> or \r isiiixarox « , I WIl.l.lAM lir.NRN- SKWARH ^■li! . liiinl, ,111 S/,)/i-iiii,ui I wns the fiiiirlh of six chililnii, ami tlu' third xiii, hi'in in i.Soi, Ma}' 161I1. 1 haM' hci-li tiiM Ihat iht: IiinieilR'ss ol \\\\ iK'ahh cau^^■ll inr In he early >el ajiart Inr a lolk'uiale tiliualicn, then rri;.ir(lrii. l'_\ i'vii\' laiuiU . a-> a privilege sn hij;h and so cusiU . that imt nmre than uiie 11 mid expei t il. . . My native villai^e, Morida. N. \'., then tunsisled el' not nuiif than a dci/eii dwellings. While the iiieetiiii; hciu^e was eluse li\, the nearest S( luiollu'use was hall' a mile distant. . . . At tlie age of mne years 1 was transltiird to the Farmers' I Ldl Ae.uh'inv, .;t doshen, where my lather liad heeii educated. . . . 1 think 1 .im six \ cars older than llie lirst steamhoat on the lindson. Uiit my first siglit of a vessel of liiat kind w is when I emharked on one, at ins;hl. to as- cend lliat river on my wav lo eolUm'. What a tnagnifieent |i.ila(e I Wh.it a prodigy of i)owiT, wh.it h;\iny iM' enlerlainnienl, what da//ling aiul costly lights I More th.ni hv all lluse w.is 1 stiiu 1< with the uoiulrons crowd of intelli- gent i)assengers, among whom some yoiilhlul aciinaiiitanees, neuh made, pointed out many <>l the eminent men of the day. I'liii no one was ahle to identity Chancellor Kent, who w.is slid to he on ho. nil. .\t noon there was what 1 thought to he an alarm of colliding widi some other vt'sse!, or viinning upon ;l rock, or cnconnleiing an (.aK-my. The vessel icriainlv scraiied ai^.iinst SDIuelhing thrt olistructed hei sju'ed. The captain h.id inoiinled a hen< h on deck, and was ohjiirg.iting violently with somehodv on the le\el of the water below. I climhed up hehind the crowd, and saw lli.it we were running ag.iinst npright poles, which li.id heen stiuk into the liver holloin hy the I'lshennen. .\ short, thickset, cheerv looking man leajied upon the hench, .n;d seeing at a glance the st.ite ol the case, cried out in aloud voi( e, lie.inl hx all: ••That's right. Capl.iin ! that's right ! bring those fellows into m\ court, .mil 'II t.ike care of them I " This was Chancellor Kent, the great judge, who was npliold- ing the ste.nnho.it monopoly conferred by the State of Nt w \'oik upon its citi- zens, l''ii!loii and Livingston, agiinsi the no less gie.it and lin.illv o\eiiiiling anthoril)', the .Supreme Court of the I'nited .Si.ites. The moiio])ol) was lost ; the inventors died unrewarded ; Iml the public gained < )n my first pass.ige 1 ]).iid I'ight dollars fare. We now make the entile \ovaee of the navig.ihle llial son for filly cents. Chancellor Kent was the most buoyant and cheerhil of men. When he .ifteruanl lost his great ofl'n e and dignity, he told me that he had never expriienced any (lisap|iointnient worth grieving over. '' .\ gentlein.in w. lilts," he sai ■ .'v : .'!> ■»! WILLIAM lir.SRY sr.WMtl) 525 Cliiefjustice, Spencer, won mc to grateful and confiding friendship by the af- fectionate kindness with which he dehvered to me the diploma fur which I had so hardly labored. Certain heavy scales fell from m\ eyes as 1 descended from the wharf and entered the packet-boat tluit was to convey me on tiie iMie canal f^which two years before I had pronounced impracticable) eighty miles to Weedsport, the landing ])lace fur Aidjinii. . . . Between two offers of legal partnership wiiicii I reieived at Auburn, 1 declined the one that promised the largest busi- ness, but involved debt for a law library, and accepted the less hopeful one which J might assume without new embarrassment. I returned home to an- nounce to my jiarenls and friends lliat 1 had made that engagement, and on tlie 2oth of December, 1822, reieiving fifty dollars from my father, with the assur- ance of his constant e\pect-uion that 1 siiould come back again too soon, I took leave of niy native home and arrived at Auburn by stagecoach through tiie soutliern tier of counties on {"hristmas morning. My new business began on the ist of January, 1823. I had stipulatKl wiih my senior partner, Elijah iMiller that if my earnings during the first j'ear should fall short of live hundred dollars, he would make up the deficiency. 'I'lie younger portion of tiie bar were at that time generally in the habit of employ- ing their elder bretlireii to try their causes in court. I shocked the bar by trying my own causes, wliere the rules of the court i)ermitted, from the first. .Xt the end of the year I had exceeded my sti'nilated gains. My distant creditors were fully paid, and so long as I continued in my profession I was neither without occupation i.or independence. On the 20th of October, 1S24, my marriage took place with Francis A. Mil- ler. She was then nineteen years of age, daughter of my partner and friend, Elijah Miller. . . . The first railroad constructed within the rniled States, was the branch of the liallimore iV Ohio K.iilroad which extended from lialtimore to Ellicott's Mills. It was opened in this year (1831). In the same year the Chesapeake iV Ohio Canal, a worthy rival of our own New \'ork canals, was opened from Ceorge- lown to IIar])er's I'crry. My earnest advocacy of internal improvements made me distrust the ])(ili( y of obstruction which, as I have shown, Cieneral Jackson's administration had adopted. . . . Tiie }ear 1S31 will be memorable in the history of the C(iuulr\-, fiir being the one in which the iiatir.;-. icceived its first practical and solemn warning against the ermr of perpetuating African slaverv. A savage outbreak of negro slaves occurred at Southampton, X'irginia, and spread terror and consternation throughout the state. .Although it was sup- pressed, and the revolutionists were executed, it left it no 1 mger a matter of doubt that, if the rrovernnient should not provide se.isonably fiir the removal of slavery, it would, sooner or later, be brought about by the violent ujirising of the slaves themselves. It was this instruction which first stimulated me to iiu iil- cale, on all pro)ier occasions and in all proper ways, the necessity of a peaceful reform of that great evil. ... LI 'r^^>>r^=s=^ •mr ¥ 526 A (wncnn.n or wtsnrxarox My nomination for ("lovciiun by the State Cunvcntioii was made with prompt- ness and inianimity. When my nomination lor tlie chief oftice was cicciiied upon, it was thought necessary to take a politician of Democratic antecedents for the second office. Very properly tlie choice fell upon Silas M. Slillwell. Nut williout talent, and possessing untiring activity and perseverance, he, as a Demo- cratic member of the Assembly from the City of New York, hail introduced into the Assembly, and aided to carry tiirough the Legislature, the benign law abolishing imprisonment for debt. The scene which occurred at the American Hotel in Auburn on the return of our local delegates was infinitely amusing. My political friends received them with complaints and reproaches, saying : " V'ou pnmhsed to oppose Seu.ird for Lieutenant-Ciovernor, I'ud here y(jii have let him be numinaled for (lovernor. The nomination is a disgrace to the state, and will be tlie ruin of the party ! " Mr. Jacobs, the orator of the delegation, attempted to reason with them : " W'iiy, gentlemen, it is very easy for you, who have stayed at home, to say all tiiis. But, if you had been where we were, you woulcl have found that we had nothing to do with making Sew.ird the candidate, and we did ;dl we could to prevent it. 'I'lie people from tlie other jjurts of the state wouldn't he^n' of any- body else." " We don't believe it," they replied ; " they could have found a mure proi)er man in every other county in the state." " Well, gentlemen," re- plied the orator, preserving his good humor, " I have known Mr. Sewarii lung, and thought him a bright and smart young man, but 1 never supposed he \\;is a great man ; but, when I came to Utica, 1 fcjinid th.i'. fverybody ini|uired of me about him, and sjioke of him as if he were the greatest man in the state." " Well," replied they, " the state must be in a strange condition if Seward is aniiing its greatest men." " Cientlemen," answered the delegate, "I have learned one thing by going to I'tica, and that is, that a great man never lives at ^i'!''^' I'Atracts frcim his auic)biogra|iliy edited l)y his son, Frkukkkk W. Seward. MIMOIR " I'",verybo(ly m Auburn, forty-five years ago, knew Judge Miller's house on South street. A laige, sijuare mansion of unpainted brick, very substantially built, its exterior ]ilain, its interior hamisome, with a row of l.ombardy pojjlars in front, and a gruve of locust, ajiple, and cherry trees around it; it stood not distant from the main street, and at the same time not very f.ir Irom the outskirts of the little town. It was the fust brick dwelling in .Auinnn. As land was abundant, and neighbors were few, five acres were occupied with the usual ac- cessories of a rural residence. — barn, carriage and woodhouse, vegetable and flower garden, orchard, and ;„isture lot. Here lived the owner, retired from active practice of his profession. With him lived his mother and a maiden sis- ter. His two daughters had grown up midcr tlieir graiidinolhei's care. The elder, I.isette, whose sprightly \ivacily m.ule her a gcnir.il fnorite, had recently h i I / WILLIAM JIEMil SEWAIil) 527 married and left the ])ateriial home. Tlie younger, Francis, was of timisual beauty, hut extreme diffidence. She had a few years before married a promising young hiwyer, her fatlier's partner, named Seward. Opinions liad differed in tiie vilhii;e as to liis capabilities; but the majority conceded tiiat he was indus- trious in his profession, though many doubted if lie were old enough, or grave enough, or wise enough, for the responsible position of Senator in the State Legislature to which he had been recently elected. Two children completed the family circle. " It is in this scene and with tliese surroundings that my earliest recollections of my fatiier begin. It is in tlie same scene, witli the same suiroundings, that the notes of his autobiography in the preceding pages were written. "He was at that time over tlurty years old, but his slender frame, of not more than medium height, his smooth-shaven face, clear blue eyes, red hair, (juick, active movements, and merry laugii, gave him almost a boyish appearance. 'J'he house was always ( heerful when lie was in it. That was never for long at a time, for he was indefatigable in liis toil at the little one-storied law-office on South street, where he prepared his papers and received his clients. One evening that he sjient at home, reading aloud, from Scott and liurns, is so vividly remem- bered by the children that it must have been a rare event. " Auburn was about as distant from New York then as Omaha is now. The annual stage ride to .^IJjany to attend the session of the Legislature was a serious and important undertaking. Of my fatlier's journeyings to and from the capital, and of his legislative life there, he has spoken briefly in his autobiographic notes. But tiie picture there presented is based merely on recollections of a later date. Jt will be more complete if supplemented by some extracts from his letters, written at the time, giving more detail of persons, places, nicitlents, and character; for the autobiogra])hy he had no opportunity to revise or read, and the letters he never saw again after writing them. " Long and closely written, those letters from the distant capital were eagerly read by the household at Auiiurn. Under favorable circumstances, they were three days on the road from Aliiany — under unfavorable ones, a week. Some- times they would come by post, sometimes by jirivate hand, a favorite method of transmitting correspondence in tliat time of high postage and uncertain mail service. 'l"he postage on a letter from .'\lbany was eighteen and three-quarters cents; from New York, thirty-seven and a half cents. A traveler by stagecoach often had his pockets filled with letters and remittances handed him by his friends on the eve of his departure ; and these it would be his first duty, on ar- riving at his destination, to distribute. " .At tlie (lose of December, iS^o. tiic newly-elected .Senator was on his way to .\lba. V. I lis first letters describe his journey and his entrance into publi( life. iii Ml m\ " In one he s|)eaks of a visit tu .-Xarun Hun, in regard to the case in which he was counsel. 1 t •^ SJ8 A aODCIIll.t) OF IIM.s7//.\Y/7'O.V Ji " ' He was ;it the Mertliaiits' I'Acliaiii^e, one ol the Unir.li rate houses of this city. 1 could not but thiiiiv, as I asi iMuicd the dirty, narrow staircase, to his lodgings, in a small two-bedded room in the u|i])er story, of the contrast between his present stale anil tliat he enjoyed when he contendeil so long, even-haniU ', with Jefferson for the Presidential < hair, on the second election after the retire- nant of Washnigton. He had lost properly, lame, character, and honor. Once so gay, so fashionable in his ilress, so fascinating in his manners, no glorious in his eloquence, anil so mighty in his iiithience, how altered did he seem, as he met me, ilrawing a coarse woolen snrtout o.er his other dollies, his coarse cotton shirt and cravat struggling, by ihe form of modern fashions, to dis- jiliy the proud si)irit of the wearer ! His few grey hairs, jnsi lilled with powder, put on as thickly as jiaste, wet down and smoothed over his head; his form shrivelleil into the dimensions almost of a dwarf; his voice forgetful ot iis former melody, while naught remained to express the daring spirit of his youth but his keen, brilliant, dark eye. He approached mewitii the air and demeanor of a gentleman of the old school, and, as I shook his shrivelled and trembling hand, I felt a thousand recollections come to my mind of most unpleasant na- tine. Is this the same being who shared for years the confidence ami did the bidding of Cicneral Washington? Do I recognize in this lingering relic of an age gone by the man who was the ornament and delight of every fashionable circle ? Is this sipieaking, unsteady voice that instrument which wiled away the hearts of men? Is this tottering frame the same that commanded at his pleasure the stormy waves of a new and entluisiastic people? Do these wretched habili- ments cover him who was the second in honor and ofilice in this nation, and whose sure ascent to the highest place was prevented only by his rash and dis- honest ambition? Is this the same fascinating being who entered with the recklessness of a fallen angel into the neaceful and classic abode, and stole the confidence only to ruin and destroy the happiness of Hlennerhassett ? Is this the same proud s[)irit, which, determineil to rule, raised the standard of treason, and attempted alone and almost single handed the conijuest of Mexico and the estalilishmeut of empire? Do I actually gras|) the hand which directed only too successfully the fatal ball which laid low Alexander Hamilton? Miserable comment upon unchastened ambition ! Unhapjiy man, to drag out a dishonored existence among a generation which knows thee only by the history of ihy crimes; and judges thee wii' out allowing the merit of purpose or the extenua- tion of [lassion ! ' "Returning to .Auburn earl\' in January, iS,?5, accomiianied b) .Mr. Weed's daughter Harriet, he aniu)unced their arrival in a letter to her father: " ' I am once more, thank God, and 1 Impe for a long time, at home ; really, I was so weary of the un|)roritabk' life 1 was leading at .Albany, that I was un- able to regret, as I otherwise must have done, tliat the time had come when a termination must be set to our long, confidential, and intimate association. Keep me informed upon political matters, and take care that I do not so target WILLIAM IIEXliy iiKnMil) 629 absorheil in iiiofessioiial occtipalioii, that you will cease to care fur me as a poli- tician.' " Rcsuniiiij; jiis place among liis law-books and papers in the old white olilice on Siuiih slruft, he icsiimed with it his industrious habits there, and workeil early in the morning and late at night at the cases of his clients. " Toward the close of May (18,55), "le weather had grown propitious for the summer trip. A light, strong carriage, having two seats and an extcnsion-toii, was provided with a pair uf grey horses, ' l.ion ' and 'the Doctor.' Mr and Mrs. S 'ward occupied the l)ack seat. Only the yuiuigest of llieir two little boys could be taken, and he shared the front seat with the colored driver, A\'illiam Johnson. What little higgage was necessary was carefully storeil in the boxes under the scats. A stout fishing-rod, and a few ro])es and strai)s in case of accident, packed in front, and a tin cup and a pail hanging behind, for use at the roadside streams, completed the equipage for the journey, which was commenced on the zjd of May. The letters written at various points on the way described tlie incidents and impressions of this tour. "While at Long liranch there occurred an incident that Seward u.sed tore- late wiih hinnorons relish. One day, while sitting after dinner in the .shade, a benevolent-looking old gentleman said : ' l':.\cuse me, sir, if 1 ask you an in- trusive (juestion ; but I see by the papers that there was a candidate for governor in your Male last fall— the one who was defeated— whose luuue was the same as yours. Fray, was he any relative of your family?" Mr. Seward bad to admit that he was. 'A near relative?' ' Ves.' 'Not ycjur father was it, sir?' 'No, not my fither.' A ])ause ensued; and then, overcome by curiosity, the old gentleman returned to the attack. 'Could it have been a brother of yours? ' • Well, Mr. T ,' said Seward, ' I luay as well confess to you that I am my- self that unfortunate man ! ' ' Dear me,' said the other with unaffected surprise and sympathy, ' 1 should never have thought it. And so young, too ! 1 am very sorry. How near did you come to being elected ? ' ' Not very near. 1 only got a liundred and sixty-nine thousand votes.' ' A hundred and sixty-nine thousand votes, and iu)t elected?' was the astonished reply. 'Why, that is more than all the candidates together ever got in New Jersey ! A hundred and — good Heavens, sir ! how many votes i/ors it take to elect a man in New Vork ? ' * * * * * 'i- :^ !\t t- "' Ai-iiCRN, SoptomliiT 151I1, iS>S. "•r.F.NTlKMF.N: I liavc llic honor to acUnowlcdgo 111.' rc'cvipt of your coininuniiatioii an- nouiu:iiig my nonuiialioii l,y tlic Wlii^ Slate Convciilion, recciilly as^^■lnl)lc(l al Ulica, f,.i ihc oflico (if tlovenior of the Stale. '"Re pleased to make known to llie mcmi.ers o-- .,iat body Hial 1 accept llic iiominalioii, with a profound sense of the honor conferred upon ni( l.y this renewed dcnionslialiun of ihJ confidence of my Whif,' fellow cili/ens. " ' I am, gentlemen, witli sincere respect and esteem, your oliedieiU scivanl. " ' W. 11. SlAVARI).' \i I Hj Ml Ft I: 630 .1 (lonciiii.i) op UAsiiixirroN I " I'he clijse of the contest, brouglit tliu following note from Mr. Weed : " 1'"kiiiav, Novctnbfi' ytli. " ' Well, dear Seward, we are victorious; (lod Ije tlianked, gratefully and ile- voutly thanked ! " ' Judge Miller will of course come to Albany with you. We want the aid of his experience and wisdom. A fearful responsibility is upon you. dial grant you the light necessary to guide you safely through 1 1 go to New \urk this afternoon to temper and moderate the joy and rejoicings of oin' Iriends.' " (Jreat were the Whig nierry makings and festivities over the result. It seemed almost too good to be true that they hail actuall)- gained control of the state government at last. I'^ating and drinking still occupied a pr(}niinenl place at political assemblages — a custom doid)lless derived from England, hapjjdy since fallen into disuse. "Cases of far more melancholy nature were now pressing for the governor's judgment. 'I'liere is a • black care ' that rides on the shoidders of every gov- ernor, that follows him by day, haunts him by night, and will ilot be shaken off. This is the ' pardoning power.' 'I'here are two or three thousand poor wretches always in prison, or on their way there, or to the scaffold, and hardly one of them but has either a wife or a child, or a friend, to implore executive clemency. Public opinion itself, which is an avenging Nemesis as long as the culprit is at large, softens as soon as he is behind bolts and bars; and not ini- freijuently the turnkey who locks him in, the public prosecutor who arraigned him, the jurors who convicted, and even the judge who sentenced him, join in the appeal for his release. If legal and religious influence is wanting, there are always clergymen whose hearts incline to mercy, and lawyers with whom 'stay of proceedings' is a part of their vocation. \'et, if the governor weakly yields to the pressure, the same instinct of self |)reservation in the conmnmity which sent the < riminal to jail is arousetl with fresh indignation by seeing hiin again at liberty in the streets. 15ut the suitors for mercy will take no denial. How can they ? Their ])leading letters come in every mail ; their piteous faces are ever round the door of the executive chamber. They watch the governor's path; they wait in his hall; they sit on his doorstep. If he be of a kindly, compassionate nature, disposed to listen to their 'ofttold tale ' of misery, he will have time neither to eat, nor sleej), nor write messages, nor make appoint- ments. 'I'he applicants and their applications are often unreasonable, grotesiiue, anil absurd, yet always s.id and always painful. " The year ( iS^^q) which had opened will) the ' wars and runu)rs of wars ' of the ' Patriots' in Canada, was not to close without a call to arms nearer home. 'I'he ancient manor of Rensselaerwyck, which dated back to the time of the early Dutch settlers, had been handeil down fnun father to son in the \'an Rensselaer family, through a long line of 'I'alroons.' While modern customs and innovations had gradually changed the aspect of the whole country, society, i Hi h un.i.iA.v iii:.\i;y srn.iiu) 5;ii and goveriimc'iit, llie I'airooii and Ins UMianis wcix' still continuing the old usages of feudal tenure, of perpetual leases, of rent payable in fowls, and bushels of wheat, in personal service, and in quarter sales. The manor comprised a broad region of Albany and Rensselaer counties, 'extending northward, up along both sides of Hudson river, from Harren island to Kaiious, and east and west each side of the river backward into the woods, twenty-fom- luiglish miles.' " It liad IKJW become well settled, cultivated and improved. 'The tenants had gradually come to think that their long occupancy of the lands, and ilieir im- provements, had vested at least a part of the ownershij) in themselves, and that the rents paid dming so lung a series of years mure than compensated for the wdd land which the lirsi \'an Rensselaers had sold to the original tenants. This theory had been vastly shengtliened by the neglect of ' the oln which he was warned would subject him to attack, ' Well, 1 think that will stand.' " Whenever be jM-epared an address or public conimunication at home, he liked to read it aloud t(} Mrs. Seward ; and though her suggested corrections were not frccjuent, they were usually in reference io some point of taste, or principle that connneiidcd itself to his judgment. \\'hen away from home, he Would in like ni. inner read to smne intimale friend. In this case it was ]ierhaps not only fi)r the s.ike of criticism, but f^r the suggcsti(uis which the irocess of reading aloud would make to his ou n mind. " He was not sensitive to the attacks of oj)posing ncws|iapers, and so far from being galled by them, generally made them the subjei 1 of pleasant remark ' The newspaper will have the last word,' he used to say ; ' and it is not seeking for truth, but for triumph.' I'ndeserved abuse he always believed would, in the long run, injure its auilior more than its object. Misapjirehension by friends he would endeavor to correct by kmdly word or letter; but he would not allow himself to be drawn into a controversary with either friend or foe on merely m IKM A iKHiriillh nr W \slll\<:ri>S jH'lS'iii.il nri)iiii(ls. lie lii;lilly t->t((in(il llic v.iliic i.l |icrs<>ii;ililiis iis .1 \\tM|)cin utCiiliiT (iH'cihc 111 (It'lciii (• ill |iiiliii( m1 wart.irc, liiii .iildicsscd liiiiisill lo tlic liHsisurc 01 |)i UK i|ilc iiiviiImiI. lit liclicvcil llu' piililir wuiilcl mil)' lake l.isliiij; iiilfifst in iiucstioiis 111. It ( iiiK (11 ed tlicii ii\mi «', I'lit i.iilu 1 ul tlwu ('i|tiaiiiiiilty u illi ulm li duc lisicns to liiisly words tli:it lie kiiou^ "ill .illciw.iid lie n-jjicticd "Not lllifrci|iii'lillv Ins li ii'iids lliiiiij;lil Iniii too Iriiiciil III jiiilj;iiifiil wlicii lie fxciiscd Ilis iidvcis.ii ics |iy cNiilaiiiiiij; llu' innhaliU' inolivcs or iiidiu ciir'IiIs tlii'y liad for a|i|)ar<-iilly iiinli( imis a( Is. IMagiiaiiitiiil) is :i trail dilli( nil ol a|>|irc ( lalioii by tliosf who do nol |iipsm".s it. W illi llii- iniaii it |i,i'.srs loi incainifss ; l>y tlie timid it is as( 1 ilicd to < dwaiilKc ; l>v the < iinniii^, to scllisli design It was ollcn liidi< roiis to sir w li.il ninlivcs wiir as( rilxil lo liilii ii) Ids i>|i|ioii('i.ts, and how iiij;i'nioiisl\ tln-y would iiinlcrlakr to |iidvc Ins a( Is to lie llu' sik < fssive steps of soiiK.' d((|i lai r>.ir> ' hour liMvo loii^ since passed .nviy, ami lit; Ikuii wIkhii lliis ;i|)|)(m1 wiis wrmig sleeps pe.K eliilly in llicir niiilsl, nut nnlmniPied or ne)^lfcle hua e : ■"lie was laithfiil.' " I'lxlrails Iroin his " lale and l.clicrs," by his son, I'uiniun K \V. Si.uakd. #i*liuarift . I M* f^mmmmmnmifmm J I ii ■ • i 5;io J US J'i .1 aoiK'iiii.n or wasih.\(;T('.\ HORATIO Si;\>i()rR His I.ifi- Ainnii}; Ili^ Xcifjlibois. Ill Minionam 1 loratio Soynmur. Horn at I'lmipcy Hill, ' MiniKlnj^a Cminly, New Vdik, M.i\ ji, iSio. Man U'd Mary IJlcfckoi, ilaiii;lili.T of Jiiliii K. ItleucUcr, anil lli'lly Uai- loy I. inn. al Alliany, May ;i, iS.iS- ]>\vd al I lica. N. \'.. al ihu rcsi- ilt-nif of liis .si>ti.T, .Mr>. Kiiscoc • 'onUlini,', on llie evening' of liiday, IVliiuary 12, |SS6. 1| "Ten years ;igo in d.iy tlie sluulow dt" a great surruw fell over our city and s])rca(l rapidly tliroiioli the hlate ami the entire country as the sad intelligence was Hashed over the wires that finvernor Seymour had lueatlied his last. " Here in his own home where he hail li\ed as a country genllenuui and private citizen lor many ye ns tlie loss was felt as a i)ersonal one by young and old, high and liw, i i( li and poor; and as the message jtassed from friend to friend, 'the riovernur is drad,' on lliat evening in February, a hnsli and silence ])ervaded tlie streets and ihorought'ares where his ligure had been a familiar one, as it was slowly realized that the beautiful, kindly face «vas gone from ns forever. " Rarelv has a man so long in public life been honored with more noble, ap- ]irec.iative tributes to his menu:; ;. 'I'hey were the nvw excellent from the fact that they were nut all entirely eulogistic. Many of the men who wr^ie them dilTered tar too widely and honestly from him to pour forth only pi.nse. \ il all united in expressing their admiration fur his high, nnsidlied charac ler and his ability as a statesman and jiublicist. While the .Amerit an press thus ac corded him such just jiraise the foreign joinuials were not silmil, .nul fiiim llie London Times of February i6th, i,SS6, the following beautiful notice is taken: "'Horatio .Seymotu', whose death h.is been annouiued from his rur.il home in the centre of New Wirk Slali'. was perh,i]is the best belii\ed man in .\merica. In the race for power in the field of achieveineni he was easily outshone by others, but for the last ten years of his life at least il w.is true that the iinne of no other .American couM so surely tom h tin- < liMid of popular I'eeling and enthu- siasm all over the country. " ' With but few exceptions be w.is the best of .\meri( an orators, and was without any excepli'in whatever, the kindliest, most allrai live and valued of .American publicists alike in his ulterances and his iiersnn.ilil)-. i A.7 "U ffii til iiuiiATiu .Si: y. MUCH S3!) i " ' Mis private life was so bcncficeiil, so gracious in all his aspects, that tl)f whole country came to know of it and to take pride in it as exemplifying the very highest qualities of an American gentleman. " ' Death has of late dealt unsparingly with. American notables, hul there has been no other loss in recent years whieli lias occasioned one tithe of the genuine mourning, or evoked one tithe of the heartfelt eulogies u iiich will be called forth by the death of Horatio yeymour.' " While su( h able pens have sketched his life as a statesman, it has seemed as though his true greatness in all the little things of life—if there be any little things with flod—the kindly generous acts and deeds which made up such a large part of his daily life, might well deserve more than a i)assing notice; and it is to record these gentle lovable qualities of mind and heart which go so lar toward the making of a great character, to depict him as a friend and neiuhb,.r in his intercourse with his townsmen in I'tica and Deerfield, that these words are written. " Horatio .Seymour was the oldest son of Henry Seymour and Mary I.edyard Forinan, his wife. Both were unusually handsome, striking looking people, and It IS not claiming too much to assert that very rarely does one see such remark- ably fme types of physical beauty, combined with the high-bred courti-vof mar-ier which always marks the true gentleman and gentlewoman, as were mani- fested in the family of sons and daughters born to them. Mrs. Rutger li. Miller, Horatio Seymour, Mrs. ICdward F. Shonnard, John F. Seymour, Mrs. l.edyanl laucklaen and .Mrs. Roscoe Conkling formed a family circle the eye might well delight to dwell on with pride and jileasure. "Horatio Seymour added to his handsome face a gracefid, soldierly carriage, with a head well set on Ins shoulders. He walked remarkably well and rapidly —moving without appaivni elTort or motion as a man who loved to walk, which truly he did, and in his younger days he was a most graceful dancer. Kveii when a young boy his face was strikingly be.niiiful—' just like a sunbeam,' said his friend aiul neighbor, David Gray, of .Marcy, who was his schoolmate au of all living topi< s of the dav. It was this uni- versality of interesi that brought him so closely to the people. " With the statesmen of his time he ranked a ])eer. " In the councils of his chinch, where he represented his luirish and diocese for many years, he was always a striking (Igiire, aiul delighted to devote to its service much of the best of his time and talents. The bishops an