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1
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1
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Un daa aymboloo auivanta apparaitra sur la
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Laa earteo. pianchaa. tabieeux. ate, pauvent Atra
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Loraquo lo document est trop grand pour Atra
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do I'angle supArieur gauche, da gauche A droite,
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dlmegoa nAcaeaaire. (.aa diagrammea suivanta
illuatrent la mAthodo.
1 2 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
•as
'i
)LOGlCAL SURVEY OF CANADA
ROBEBT BKLIi, M.D.. 8aD. (Outeb^X I^I>., F.RS., 1.8 O.
CONTRIBUTIOIN'S
CANADIAN PAL.€ONTOLOGY
VOtJtJMR Tti (Qnarto).
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PART III -ON DRYPTOSAIIROS INCRASSATU^ (COPE). FROM THE
EDMONTON SER^ES OF THE NORTH WEST TERRITORY.
\ OCT e V53S
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OTTAWA
QOVERNMBNT TAINTING BUREAU
.'DLT, 1904
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
ROBERT BELI M.D., f»c.D. (CnUb), LL.I»., F.B.8., I.80.
CONTHlBUTlOTsTS
CANADIAN PAL.HONTOLOGY
VOLITMK III (Quarto).
.*! €.
FAKT Ill.-ON I)KVm)SAl!KllS INCKASSATUS (COPE). FROM THE
EDMONTON SKKIES OF THE NORTH WEST TEKRITOKY.
LAWRENCE M. LAM BE, F.O.8., F.R.S.C.
Vertebrutf l^alaont-ilogut.
r: '
OTTAWA
ooveknmknt printing bureau
Jilt, 1904
Nu. KTJ
fi
I
Th« pre«<nt inonogr«ph conttitutM lh« third pirt of volume III (qowte) of Contri-
bution, to ci::::di.n r.^Logy .nd U de-criptiT. of the .kuU «id c«U.n o^« P-J-
ofthe.keleton of the Urge crnivorou. dino..ur ^1^^;;^^^' ^T^''^^''^^^^^^
\% foMil remain, now de«:ribed by Mr. Umbe were collected by oBcer. of thi. d^P*"""*
rmtr5Lonton.K.rie.ofth;Cret«=eou..y.temoftheNorth.we.tT«r^^^
rprelimin.ry de« ription of the .hull, by ProfeMor Kdw.id D. Co,,e, b-ed on the Mme
material, wa. publbhed. in 1892, without illurtralion^
Part 1 of thi. volume, on Vertebrate Specie, from the Oligocene or Lower Miocene
bed. of the Cypre» Kill., by Profewor Cope, appeared in 1891.
Part 11. on Vertebrata of the Mid-Cretaceon. (Belly River .erie.) by Profe-or
Henry F. Oabom and Mr. Lawrence M. Umbe. wa. publi.hed in 1902.
The prea^nt part, continuing the wrie. of dewripti-e and illuatrated quarto
memoir, on foMil V.rtebr.ta of the North-we-t Territory, -on.i.t. of twenty.u page,
of letter-prew with text figure, and eight photogravure pUte..
ROBERT BELL.
{ XJOICAL SUBVEY DlPAKTMBNT,
Ottawa, June 22, 1904.
•»l -^1'
dKOIiOCSICAL SIIHVKY OF CANADA
ON DityPT()8AURD8 INCRASSATUS (Cf i). FROM THE EDMONTON SERIES
OF THE NOKTH-^H "T TKRKITORY
Bt Lawrence M. Lauhe.
Sinre 1824 .in Mtgalntaurut wiut first Hwi<rihed by BarkUnd • our knowledare
of th.' witpology ni tho.»rnivoronidinoii»uni hw be^-n in.rPiwinK iilnwiy yt with pn.our-
Aging inrety. For thu knowledge, no laboriounly gained, w.- are indebted to many
nthuaiantic workera on both lidea of the Atlantic-, amongat whom, have b«en, and are
at the present time, noinc of the moat noted and eminent men whose namen are inae-
parably linked with the progreae of vertebrate palipoutology.
A splendid advance waa made when Mamh in 1884 pnbiiMhed hia dewription of,
CfrnloMuruf natienrni* »* from the ll|.p.-r .lurawii. of Colorado. Mu.h that had pre-
vion»ly been either little known or imperfectly underntood. regarding th^ ftrii. ture ..f the
Kkull. was then mad.- .leir. The finding of moderately well preaervod sknlla of . arm-
voroua dinosaura ban been of an<h rare occnrren. e or the part». dia. overed have generally
been no fragn entary, that the re<-o- -troetion of the ■ Hire akull of ho large and interesting
a form as CeraloMHru* was of the gi 'est importar ;ei. without considering the almost
(omplote knowledge gained of the remainder of tlu eleton of that xpe.^ies.
Nearly related to CtTalosaurus i< the I'pi-Jr Cretaceous Drgplo$aurm> *** the type
of which Cope'a Lidapi aquilun^uit » froi<- hr On'ensand of New Jersey, was first d.s-
cribed iu 1866. Another sp -•• of Dry,, fiiruf is the western form D. ineraiiatu; tt
from the uppermoat beds of .• i- Vetai-eons « item (Edmonton series), described by Cope
at a later date. Anoth-r form l.om a lower horiion than Dryplmiturui, and probably
generically distinct, is the imperfectly known Dtinodon ttt of Leidy from the Judith
River beda of Montana and the Belly Rirer series of the Canadian North-west Territory
(Red Deer river, District of Alberta).
• NMioe .m th. M.«.la..uru. or grPrt K—il Lit."! -^ ?",•"-«;"• ^ ']^, "SV .■**"■»"• »"'^'-'"'"'- >''•«•''■• •''-*'■ "'""
««ti.mii(.fth.-Oeola|[ic»lH<iciBty, London. i<eoon<lMri.«, vol. 1. p. 31».pl»..\I^■^I-IV. , ,j „
nn^ ArtM, thin! i«eri*«. vol. X.W'II, p. 329. ,. . ,_ ..
•••Ammcn iuurn.1 of .Vi^w »nrt Ar* thir.1 m-T\», Vol. .XIV. p. US, IS77. In .f.«t noU- M.r.h h«rapKH«<». the n*m.
/<r»l>«Mn«fn.l lo repUoc £.ri<ip«, C..l»', preoccupitirt. ....,„,, „. .a.^
t ProoMding. ol th« A<»dMny of N.tur.1 8ii.nc~ of l-hiMeli*i», Vol. W III, p. J7S, !««•• ,.,„.. „ ,
t1 .h. th« Skul! .*.th« I>in.«.i.ri.n Otlnp, n^numlu,, Cnpe. Pro««din(j. of th. An-nran PhiL-ophicl Soci.ty, Vol
V y V n 240 f W2.
m Pi«Mrfing« of th« Academy of Naturnl Sci«iwet ..» Philadrfphi*. Vol. VIII, p. 72, IHM.
Cope, in October 1876. proposed the name L^lnpt incrassatus,* for teeth collected in
BnppoMd Fort Union beds in Montana (later referred to the Judith River formation), and
in December of the aame year he assi^rned a nearly complete dentary bone with teeth
from the same district to his species. In 1892 the same author published a description
(see foot-note p. 6), of two skulls from the Edmonton series of Alberta, identifying them
with L. inera$$atu>. It is likely that the teeth, and the dentary bone, from Montana should
properly be referr.'d to the large carnivorous dinosaur Deinodon horridus, Leidy, of the
Jadith Biver beds of Montana and of th. Belly River series of Alberta, in which case the
skulls from the Edmonton series would become the types of Dryptosaiirui incratsatut. In
part II of this volume it has been pointed out that Deinodon horridut is in all probability
generically distinct from Dryploiaurut inerassatun of the Bdmonton series.
The description of the two skulls of D. incratsatui by Professor Cope was read
before the American Philosophical Society in May 1892 and it was this gifted author's
intention to supplement what he had already written by publishing an illustrated memoir
giving the resulto of a further study of the remains. His purpose had not been carried
into effect, however, when unfortunately his death occurred in 1897.
Remains of D. inera$$al^>s from the Edmonton sories of Albfta form the basis
of the present memoir. They consist of the skulls, above mentioned, with some other
parts of the skeleton, which have been in the possession of the Geological Survey of
Canada and on exhibition in its museum for some years. The skulls are of special interest
and are the only two of this species known, so far as the writer is aware. They were
obtained in different years, from the same horizon, at localities a few miles apart. The
first was found, during the summer of 1884. by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, on, and about two miles
from the mouth of. Knee Hills creek, a tributary of Red Deer river, whilst engaged in a
geological exploration in the Districts of Alberta, Assiniboia andSaskaehewan. Th.- second
representing a slightly smaller individual, was discovered by Mr. T. C. Weston in 1889
on the east bank of Red Deer river, at a point about twenty-one miles above the mouth
of Knee Hills creek, whilst making a collection of fossils in the Red Deer river country.
With the remains of the second skull and probably belonging to the same individual, Mr.
Weston found the distal end of a right tibia with the astragalus, a metatarsal bone, three
ungnal phalanges of the manus. a neural spine and a large portion of a left ilium with
the neural arches and spines of sacral vertebrae. Both of the skulls are crushed and dis-
torted and both are incomplete. Some portions are in an excellent state of preservation,
especially the rami of the mandible of the smaller specimen, which in part compensates
for the injury the specimens received whilst being removed from the rock in which they
lay.
The Edmonton series, defined by Tyrrell in his report on the geology of northern
Alberta,** as the lower of his two sub-divsions of the Laramie rocks of that region and
a« constituting the uppermost beds of the Cr»taceous system as there exposed, consists of
brackish-water deposits, 700 feet in thickness, overlying the marine Fox Hill and Pierre
group conformably. The upper sub-divison, the Paskapoo series, comprising beds of
fresh-water origin and reaching a thickness of .'5,700 feet, was . onsidered to be of Tertiary
age. The Edmonton series is representee, by " soft whitish sandstones and white or gray,
• Frucesdingii of the Acadrmy of Natural Hcienceii of I'hilBdrlphia. Vol. XX VIII, |.|>. 2** and S40.
-*Ji'l?"JI,f''*' JHl'l'*'""?' "'.""'■'' ^'"^^'^ °' ';«."»H«, new «.ri«. v„l. II. I8S7 (Annual R^|„rt, lSH«),",«rt E, K«twrt on a
part of Northern Alberta and portHmn of adjao-nt Ih.trict. of A»«nili..i« and Sankatchewan. '• i ' f. ■v.i«jn on a
•
often arenaceous, clays, with bands and nodnles of day ironstone and numerous seams
of lignite ". It corresponds to the lowest portion of Dr. Dawson's St. Mary River beds *
of the region more to the south and to the Wapiti River group ♦* of the country to
the north. According to Tyrrell the Edmonton series is essentially the .!oal-beariug
horizon of this district and underlies a large extent of country. To the west it thins out
and disappears beneath the overlying Paskapoo series and is apparently absent in the
foot-hills. No dinosanrian bones have been found above the Edmonton series ; a fact,
that, taken together with the lithological characters of the rocks, the manner of deposition
of the same and the palasontological evidence generally, led to the separation of this
series from the hiirher Laramie rocks and to the belief that the Paskapoo series marked
the beginning of Tertiary times. On the evidence of fossil plants alone, Penhallow t
comes to the conclusion, and supports Tyrrell in his contention, that the Paskapoo form-
ation is of Eocene aj?e.
The reader is referred to the publications of the Geological Survey for an exposition
of the geology of the western plains, and principally to the reports of Dr. Dawson, Mr.
McConnell and Mr. Tyrrell, in which the position of the Edmonton series, and its sup-
posed equivalents, in the geological scale, is discussed in some detail
General desceiption ok specimens,
Of the skulls from the Red Deer river district, the one found in 1884 on Knee Hills
creek is somewhat larger than the other. In this specimen (plates IV and V) the arches
are missing with the entire upper part of the cranium from the parietal region forward.
The brain case is preserved, with the bones of the palate behind, as well as the posterior
lower portion of the maxilla- and the anterior half of the jugals. The two rami of the
mandible are almost entire. The specimen is crashed downward, and what remains of
the upper part of the skull is distorted to the left, with the two rami of the mandible
Iving turned over, beneath. The two halves of the jaw have been displaced, posterioriy,
so as to partially expose the bones of the back portion of the palate in the space between
them. This displacement of the .jaw has brought to view the inner surface of the right
ramus, which lies, posterioriy, almost in the same plane as the exposed outer surface of
the left ramus. From this specimen we gain information regarding the form and con-
struction of the braiii case and the anterior part of the lower or infratemporal arcade,
the comiwsition of the palate and the shape of the several elements of the mandible with
their relations to each other.
The second and smaller skull supplies to some extent the deficiencies of the cra-
nium of the larger skull. In this specimen (plates I, II and III) the lateral parts of the
facial region are preserved, from the orbits forward, with most of the jugal on the letl
side. The nasals are apparently missing and, with the exception of a small piece of bone
on the left side, the premaxillie are not represented. The two halves of the lower jaw
are turned sidewav s and pressed against the palate, so as to hide from view the inner sur-
face of the left ramus and the outer side of the right one. The left ramus is preserved
■ <:e.,l.«io«l »!..! NHtnml Hi.tory S„rv,>y uf rana.!.. R*|..rt of Progr™.. ISff- HSM. R-|..rt on th.. Kymn in the vieinity
i.ftliH B..W anil IWlv ri%.r», North «e«flVrril..ry. |i. na. lion. , „ .: . v,
•■ UM. Kn«'rt ..f l'.-.«r-»» for 1ST!' «i, K.|«.rt ..n un -xiJoral fr I'..rl Si„,iw.n ..n th.- I'ac.h. ,-.j«»t. U, Mnu.nton on
the Sa^katchfwan, 11. 124 H, 1»<1. .,.%.. ...
I Hmiv«linK»»n.lTr»n«.tio r thn Koyal S,.i,.ty of Canada, »«.-mil «■...-. >nl \ III, ».l.on I \. .Vole, on ( t.t*'«,u,
anil Tertiary plauts of Ciuiatla, p. 07, !»«■
for about three-fonrth* of ita entire length and the right ramas is broken off at about its
mid-length. The palate has been crushed upward against the uppar part of the cranium
and lies between it and the lower jaw ; part of it is exposed to view in the large preor-
bital Tacuity of the left side.
The most obTions features in the skull of Driplotnurut iwra$uitui are, its depressed
form above, the presence of two preorbital o|>euiugs (agreeing in this respect with Crto-
aauntt) and the large proportionate nize of the mandible compared with that of the cra-
nium. With some allowance for crushing, a restoration of the skull, tig. A. p. 25, gives
its length as nearly twice as great as its height. Its probable maximum width is equal
to about three-fourths the height of the skull but considerably greater than the height of
the cranium. In side view the general outline is roughly elliptical but decidedly pointed
in front. When seen from above, and again allowing for distortion, the general outline
is a long oval, truncated posteriorly, with tiat sides and narrower <n front than behind.
In comparing the skull of this species with that of Ceraloiaunm na»icornis. Marsh,
the proportions of length to height in both are about the same but the jaw in the former
species u much heavier and the facial part not so elevated. When viewed from above
the width and \e aiiount of elongation, in both species, is somewhat similar.
In the form of the muzzle D. incratsalus apparently approaches more nearly the
Upper Jurassic species Creosaurus alrox. Marsh lately described *by Professor Osborn from
two specimens from Bone Cabin quarry, near Medicine Bow, Wyoming.
The smaller skull.
Considering first the upper portions of the skull of the smaller specimen (plates I,
II and III). The maxilla is a large, robust bone of considerable height in front. It
narrows rapidly backward below, terminating posteriorly in a sharp point. Anterlorlv
its border curves evenly upward and backward. On the left side the premaxillo-max-
illary suture, PMS, (plate I), is seeir for a short distance upward from the alveolar border.
A small piece only of the premaxilla, PM, is here preserved, and in it is the inner side of
the base of a moderate sized tooth. Beyond this no indication of the premaxillu> is
observed and they are presumably for the most part missin*^. The nasals are also thought
to be absent, or if not, at least preserved in so fragmentary itate or so crushed as to be
unrecognizable.
The jugal succeeds the maxilla behind uniting with and slightly overlapping it
in a long, very oblique suture. It throws upward from its superior border, near its
anterior end, a procees that meets a prolongation downward of the prefrontal bone. This
divisional bar, in which the lachrymal is probably included, separates the orbit from a
large preorbital vacuity. The latter opening is of large size, is subtriaugular in shape
and approaches close to the superior border of the skull. Its upper anterior margin is
formed by the upper posterior extension of the maxilla. Below it is bounded, in almost
equal part, by the maxilla in front and the jugal behind. In advance of the preorbital
fossa is a relatively small opening, APV, the anterior preorbital or maxillary vacuity,
somewhat broadly oval in outline, separated from the larger opening behind by a nar-
'Bulktin of the Amorioui Miueum of N»tur»l HiaUiry, v<il. .MX, articlf X.\.\I, pp. (i97 701, iaU3, " The 8kull of C'rw,.
row bar of bone. The surface of the bone, along the lower margin of the preorbital
vacuity and surrounding the smaller opening, is smooth and depressed, forming a mar-
[jtnal tract at a lower level than the general surface of the bone. This depressed area is
also continued along the anterior upper border of the preorbital vacuity for a short
distance.
The large opening, here regarded as the preorbital vacuity, was described in the
preliminary report by Cope as the orbit. The present writer is, however, of the opinion
that the orbit is to be found in the opening farther back in the skull and thiit Dryji-
tnsiMrut had, in common with the ancestral typi- CreoMurux, at least two preorbital
openings.
DryptoMiurus iucransatus has, hitherto, been considered rather exceptional in the
possession of, and in differing from Ceralomurus in having, so large an orbit placed so fur
forward in the skull. With the present interpretation, the orbit is in about the same
position as is that of the latter species and also that i>f Creuaaurus. Ceralotaurut nasicornis
is described as not having an aperture in advame of the preorbital vacuity. In an
examination of the skull of this spe.ies in the National Museum at Wa.shington, D.C.,
the writer did not observe a second, smaller op«'ning in advau<'e of the preorbital fossa
nor was an indication of such a structure likely to escape the notii e of so accurate an
observer as Professor Marsh, althougli, in his published figure, a decided depression is
shewn nea- the upper edge of the maxilla immediately under the nasal horn core.
The number of teeth in the maxilla was apparently twelve ; of these the bas.-s of
the lirst four, the sixth and the twelfth are preserved; the fifth and the eleventh
are entire. Between the sixth and the eighth (of whi>h about half the <rowu is
preserved) is sufficient space for one tooth, the seventh, and another space between the
eighth and the eleventh, indicates evidently where the ninth and tenth were lodged.
The tooth, already mentioned, of which the inner side only of the base is seen, in
the outer lateral portion remaining of the left premaxilla, is in the position of the third
incisor if each premaxillary bone held three teeth.
Above the preorbital fossa is a t- branched bone interpreted as the prefrontal,
PF. It consists of a prominent knob, flattened above, from which proceeds a horizontal,
forwardly directed limb lying above the preorbital vacuity and a vertical part that
passes downward to meet the process of the .jugal below. This bone, posteriorly, over-
hangs, and forms part of the upper anterior border of, the orbit ; its vertical limb with
the upward extension of the jugal separates the orbit from the preorbital opening. The
horizontal and more robust portion of the bone projects over the preorbital fossa, forming
its jwsterior upper border, and tapers rapidly forward to a sharp point. It is impossible
to tell from this specimen to what extent the nasals are developed as no portion of them
can be recognized, indeed, it is extremely doubtful if they are at all represented in the
fossil. .Judging, however, from the curve of the upper anterior margin of the maxilla> and
the narrowness of the space between the preorbital optmings (no doubt greatly reduced
by distortion) they ai^ thought to have been long and slender, extending almost as far
forward as the maxili;e and extending back to a point midway between the posterior
prominences of the prefrontals. With this length allotted to the nasals the premaxillie
would have been short.
2
10
The exterior surface of the maxilla is rough and a few foramina, occnrring at
intervals (as shewn in plate II), not far distant from tlie alveolar border, an- conspicuous.
The jngal extend* forward for some distance in advance of the posterior termination
of the maxilla, meetiag the latter in a long, oblique suture, and slightly overlapping it
It narrows rapidly to a point in front. Back of the orbit it throws up a process, POB to
form the lower half of the postorbital bar. U is of considerable depth below the orbit but
IS not preserved to its posterior termination. In plates I and II, the emargination of the
bone at a indicate* the curve of the lower front margin of the infratemporal fossa.
Within the preorbilal vacuity on the left side are preserved certain bones (plates I
and II, b, e and d) which are spoken of, in Cope's preliminary description, as the orbito-
sphenoid, the postoptic and the epipterygoid respectively. The present writer beli.-ves
that the bone h is the left element of the paired vomers (the prevomer of Broom*)
Posterior to the vomer is what is thought to be the palatine (c and d) as seen from above
fractured so as to be easily mistaken for two separate bones. The space between the
palatine and the vomer evidently represents the internal nares (I X, plates I and II) and
the concavity behind the palatine (corresponding with that seen in the larger skull) a
suborbital vacuity (S () V, plates I, II and III) of considerable size bounded posteriorly
by the transpalatme (ectopterygoid). Further reference will be made later to this portion
of the palate in the description of the larger skull.
Passing to the mandible ** it is only to be regretted that it is not entire. About
three-fourths of the left ramus and half of the right ramus are preserved iu a very excel-
lent state of fossilization. Fortunately the right ramus has shifted its position so as to
exhibit the elements.omposing the inner surface, except in the symphyseal region where
the two rami lie against each other ; behind they have opened like the blades of scissors
The outer surface of the left ramus is almost as perfect as could be desired, from behind
the highest point of the upper curve of the surangular, forward. The left ramus exhibits
the greater part of the dentary, 1). and a large portion of the surangular, SA, the denlary
passing beneath the surangular. The surangular is broadlv arched above, as seen in
side view, Us .urve continuing forward into the reversed curve of the alveolar border of
the <ientary This latter bone is narrow anteriorly, its lower margin being for some dis-
ance back from the symphyseal region, parallel to the alveolar border. In front its lower
border curves obliquely forward and upward. The symphysis is hidden from view in
this specimen. The greatest depth of the dentary is reached where it meets the suran-
gular above, the suture between these two bones curving evenly downward and back-
ward 80 as to reduce the depth of the dentary rapidly as it passes beneath the surangular.
The outer surface of the dentary is rough and exhibits a number of foramina and
vaacular grooves, the latter of which l numerous and particularly conspicuous anteriorly
(plate III). Farther back near the surangular the surfa.^e of the bone becomes quite
smooth. Some of the foramina follow the upward curve of the dentary iu front • the
remainder are in a rather regular line below the alveolar border. This foraminnl line of
the same length as the dental series, is slightly over an inch below the alveolar border at
Its mid-length ; it approaches closer to the border in front and behind. The foramina in
• Pnii'««iinKi. nf thf I.ililiHan IS.k;i.ii of Nin .Hiiiith \Vale«, 190.1 n,l .\VVII
VimienlM! Umw, \: r>».\ by K. Hnniii. , > i. .x.x » ii.
•■ Th,
' < til tlif .Mikiiiiiiiilian and Ki'ptiliati
11
this line are conneoted laterally by a nearly lontinnous groove from which a number of
short, deep grooves u,e given off at right angles ^ extend upward toward the alveolar
border.
There are fifteen teeth in the left ramus, agreeing thus in number with the supposed
number of maxillary uuu premaxilhiry teeth combined. Fourteen full-sized teeth are
preserved whilst in advance of the anterior one a small tooth, e, partially protudes at a
lower level. This tooth is uppar«nM" an additional one in the series and not a suc.essional
tooth, making the total number in the .omplete dental series, fitteen. It is truncated
posteriorly so as to be similar in this respect to son of the teeth described by Leidy,
under the name Deinodon hnrfidui as being peculiar in form, * and to a tooth referred to
by the writer in his description of Ornilhomimu* nltua t as being from the anterior por-
tion of the jaw.
On the inner side of the right ramus the front part of the splenial, SP, is seen pre-
.eded by a narrow presplenial, PSP, which extends forvrard between the dentary below
and the alveolar plate of the dentary, DP, above, to the symphysis.
The splenial as shew.i .n this specimen, if a deep lamellar bone, immediately above
the dentary and Ol•^upying nearly the whole depth of the ramus, from its upper border
b. hind the dental series downwanl, cutting off the alveolar dentary plate posteriorly and
greatly diminishing the depth of the dentary behind. It is obtusely wedge-shaped v.i
front passing below the presplenial and terminating in a sharp point a short distance m
advance of the posterior end of that bone. It is perforated near its anterior end and close
to its lower muririn by a large oval foramen. At a short distance behind this foramen,
in the line of the •, Ttical fracture, a well marked emargiuation (/, plate III) oi" the bone
o<vur8, that is -hewn, however, to a greater extent and more decidedly in the specimen
fio-ured in plate V. The outline of this emarginatinn bears a strong resemblance to the
anterior end of a second foramiual opening, which, if it did exist, may have been partly
enclosed by the angular as in Croroililm. A transverse section of the lower part of the
spleni a is seen at «, plate III, in the left half of the jaw.
The dentary o<cupies about one-half of the lower depth of the inner sunace of the
jaw anterioriy, narrowing backward gradually below the splenial unti. it disappears from
the inner side altogether.
Above the presplenial the inner alveolar plate of the dentary. of somewhat greater
depth than the presplenial, forms the inner wall of the den al chamber and completes tne
inner anterior surface of the ramus. It meets the splenial posteriorly and narrows rapidly
upward, but its relation to the dentary and the splenial, behind the dental series, has not
been ascertained. Its upper border is at a lower level thai; the outer alveolar border of
the dentary.. The full d.-pth of the dentary plate is seen at g where the inner —.face ol
a tooth rising above its border, is just hidd<'n, in a direct side view of the .nan< such
as is shewn in figure 3, by the lower i dgo of the dentary of the left ramus.
•T™nMction«ofth- m.ri.anl'lnl....pM€»lS.«iMy. Extinct Vertrbmu. from the Judith River an.l liri-M Lignite for-
mation, i.f Nft,r»«ka, by -I."*!* I..idy. \m>, p. IH. p'— «, tiK". -I"*',
t I'art II iif thi» volume, p. .W, iil.-itf .\!V.
IS
MtaimremenU of nnalhr »k\M.
MM.
Msximum length of Hpecimen (length of left ramuH preserved) CIO
Mkxinium thioknei!) of Hpecimun ; from poNterior end of prefrontal U>uuter surface
of left ramus 2IO
Maximun. breadth of specimen ponleriorly 4U'
Breadth of specimta at eighth maxillary tooth 2'JU
Kxtreme length of left ma-.illa 4.'i;
Length of left preorbital vacuity ' 190
Width of same yn
l«ngth of left anterior preorbital vacL^ty ... 63
Width of name 43
Distance from lower margin of anterior preorl-ital vacuity to alveolar border of
max=!la
Length of dental series of maxilla
liCngth of dentary, above, to its junction with the surangnlar
Depth of dentary at its junction above with the surangular
Depth of dentary below the tenth tooth
I^ength of d»ntal series of dentury
Depth of inner alveolar plate of dentary at g, below the 1 tenth tooth, plate III.
Depth of presplenial below g
Depth of dentary below g (+ depth of anterior end of splenial --- 4 mm.)
Distance from alveolar border of dentary plate at y to lower border of ramus. . .
Diffrrence in level of inner and outer alveolar borders of ramus at tenth tooib. .
Length of crown of fifth maxillary tooth
Breadth of same at base
Thickness of Hame at l)ase
Length of crown of sixth tooth of lower j>iw
Breadth of sumc at base ... ^
Length of iTiiwn of m^venth tuoth of lower jaw
Breadth of crown of same at l>a»o
Length of crown of eiglilli tooth of lower jaw
Breadth of crown of same at Ijase
Length of .splenial foramen
Height of HHUie
Distance between splenial foramina
Ill
.130
S30
160
9(!
325
33
17
48
88
8
49
14
3«
18
55
•1\
46
21
52
30
47
The r,AR<tKR skull.
Owing to the prf sure that has been exerted on this specimen (plates IV and V)
obliquely downward iron, the ..ght, the cranium is distorted to the left and the man-
dible has turned over sideways beneath the cranium so that the left side of the left ramus
and the inner 'side of the right ramus lace downward. The two halves of the mandible
have b» n forced apart, anteriorly but little, posteriorly to a considerable extent so as to
expose me bones of the palate behind. The brain case is preserved, also the posterior
ends of the maxilltc with the anterior part of each jugal and, as just mentioned, some of
the bones of the palate ; with these exceptions almost all of the other parts of the cranium
have disappeared.
The roof of the brain case appears to have been horizontal in lateral aspect above and
to have been met posteriorly from below by the plane of the occiput at slightly more
than a right angle, the latter being not quite vertical but inclined slightly backward.
V)
in-
ns
>le
to
or
of
m
IS
I. wa. anKuUte in the m.^ian line abov., at lea-t .nterio.ly as » J'^-^^^'y ^'J^ J"'«;
1 ,n 14 rv .r,A ti<r Ifi nlate VII) of whirh the front ends remain, ine upper
ur'iir; StZt^ttnl^Ziiol large extent, but on either «ide of it. longitudinal
a, X nm!^r facea of the au^temporal va.nutie.. A. plate IV. partially remain ^ew-
h!i that W ;j^ning« were small and situated . loae together at about the n»d>ength of
Z Zm! Xr* remain, of the inward sloping surfaces of the aupratemporal fo^...- nhew
ttatTparietal here met above to form a very narrow angular nd«e m-n^uiuation
backward of the median angulation preserved in the anterior part of the parL-Uls.
In the occipital .egion, plate VII. fig. 16, the exoccipitaln and ^J" *>"'-'^^3"»; "^
represented but the supra-occipital is missing. The occipital condyle is considerably
broX tSu high, somewhat angulated below . ansversely, «hallowly excavated abo^^
Sndinallyin continuation of the floor d the foramen magnum and present, a well
rZd^d arti!;,", .nrface pointing horizontally to the rear. Bo.h the foramen magnum
and the occipital condyle are small.
Th, sutures between the bones of t..e oc.ipnt have not b..en detected so that the
limits of the difl-erent elements are still ,bs.ure. A prominent flange of bone directed
bakward and outward, forms the lateral boundary of the oc<-.put on either side as seen
from behind. On the inner side of this flange, between it and the basi-occip d, occurs
adeep tossa which is the outer termination of a pair of foraminal -P^^'^'f'.^l''^^'^'
occipital condyle the basi-occipital presents a vertical plane .urface, standing out pro-
minently between the fossae. Its breadth is less than that of the condyle and le s t^han
that of ils own downward extension ; unfortunately it is broken below. The exoccip.tals.
of which the lateral flange forms a part, bound the foramen magnum Ir.terally and above.
On either side of the o<cipital condyle are two foramina, one of moderate si^e, at a h.Bher
level and farther out from the condyle than the oth. which is qrate small. The larger
opening wa. pn.bablv lo: ^ho transmission of the n.rvu. .v.^'vs r>r /''"•'""--"f-'^ '•'':'•
V fiK If. plate VII, IhesmalW one, judging from its position .mmcdiately behind the
vagus, is thought to be the io. len Tor the accessary nerre, XI, which made its hrst
appearance in the reptiles. Below thes*, foramina and occupying the inner end of the
deeply excavated fossa are two openings, of equal size, side by side, separated from ea.h
other bv a thin partition of bone. One of these may represent the hypof^hssal loramen,
\II on account of its ventral and posterior position, the twelfth or hypoglo»al neroe
ansin- from the lower aspect of the medulla behind. The other opening of the pair, may
be ih.lcnrotid foramen which in the crocodile is somewhat similarly placed. A...erior to
the lateral flange of the exoccipital are two other large foramina, one above and consi-
derably in advance of the other (see plate IV) A deep groove in the bone leads
forward to the hinder opening which forms its front termination. The upper and /ron
oi«.ninR is regarded as the foramen ovale through whi.h the tri^emin.,1 nerve { F plate 1\
passed out of the skull, the other one probably provided for the exit of the /«««/ and
auditory n,rce>, VII and VIII, which are to be looked for a short d.stan.^e behind the
trigeminal. Cope in his reference (in the preliminary description) to the same two fora-
mina expresses the opinion that " one or both of these is the trigeminal .
The supra-occipital is not distinguishable and has probably been entirely removed,
or if presp-t in part, is crushed bef ond recognition.
'■^ ■
14
PaH^inif (o th.. low.-r 8urni... „fth.. brnin ■•«..
ba.i.ph«„„ia ....men. of.L ha^t^l K r ^X:!' "'h^ l"" ,"?"'" ""'""" "^ "«<'
r.;g,.rd..d a« „ pituitary lorum..,.. I,. advatJ .^.H l"'"'!''"'^ ' '^^ ''^^ 2''' P'*' '*^"1>
d.Ht».u... Iron, he,...„th th- pituiturv »or, „an „r! k 5" '•' T""""' « ^"'^"'^ ' ' «>">«
preHumably th.- v-aeriparLphenoid . S V" 'f^^'/^r °' "'"^ "npaired bon...
of th.. «p«oiu,en. would ho i„ i,. p ' . ..ol ,t .ITh ' ? '' ''""^*"» '""^ ''"' «l'«»"rtion
Pitu.ury foramen, rlos. ,o and .light J ." ,£ " J P' "" "'""" '*''" "^""^
wh...h a small '-am.^n l.ad« upw,.r. ^//Z^a' 'li /;;P ''"P--ion from
nerre^,y,„ otf from th.. v..ntr«l r.-non of .L mid hraii . ""■ '**'"' °' '^"'"^'^"^
.he ..... ... . ..,„,.,, ,.,^^,,,^^ „, eh";i:r:nh.:i-;^;^:^^^ ^^
..eorSt^d";^;:^:;^?'::;^ tLr:;::';^^" ''^r "•-- '^e mid.,e„,th of th..
•h. lin.. of fraHur.. whi.h .on.inn .;'. ro . h .^7 T."'" '''V''''' • *" -''—'"•
of .he mux^lo. On .-ith.-r .ide about one trd„nh ''■ """""'^ ^^'"''^'^ '" '"ft
maxdla from behind, th.. suture betwee t h, tt K 'T' "''"*'"" "^'"''"PPing <he
-«« (*, plates IV and V). On th.. r Iht s de " *"""* "'^'" P''"'"^^'! '« ea-h
and fo....d inward into ,h.. orbiul .".In n^^^ ' '"'^.C 'I'b '" ^'"'"" ""*• *'«''" '^''P'-^
"f the .p,g„I imm..dia.ely beneath th.. Fa..h X^f^ °".«' °;P«««ihIy that portion
d«pl.u-ed fragment ,L. p.ate IV, ,nd indi..a,..;jbri„;itit':7;h'e"ottTb h'"d "' ^'^
(.■olj;:;i;~?'1?t:u;:!;r,:fL:'^^" ^7- ■^- ^-e^-dedastheepiptery^oid
» hidd.. bu. is apparentiyV.:!. :,;: ;:;';;'^jppr:'';'f;^^ lei/owerd
dun.„.shin,..liam..terto,hen..i..hbourhr.do ;h..CS^^^ '' 'T'^ "'"--'^ with a
p..in(.np outward and sliffhtly backward A , ' ''''"•^^'^ "PPer termination
-all..r skull and exposed" n L ^rH^Z pi: '^TJl ^."ir' '""'■• P^^-^"^ '" 'he
the fig,„,8 of plau.8 I, H ,„d HI) i« ,h«u«ht •. o t^ h ,h '^"'■"""" '""^ ^•'''•'''" iM
^^..-.other bones of.h.. skul, eann.^ -'i:^:!;" --^ ^ -' ^ -i-n
ture^t;:^;t:;;s?!;';tl::^t;:t^::'2^ xhe.™.
-orroboration. Also the relatione to .' h oth . ., t^ dil." VT""*^' ^''""' »""- fi»1«
oon.pos„.o„ of the posterior half ar.. ma.le .1 a 1, t o'T ''""*"' '^"'""'•^ '"''> 'J"'
of where the spl.-nial would Ix. exp.., ted to me. t' /h ^ " '"""' "'^^ •" 'he vicinity
The ..tent to which th.. angular i .^ve io^rol tVZ: '"',' *'"" '"° *'"' ~'d
n.al has no. been s.-en iK,st..riorly andlh. ,1 a Tl *"'" '' ""' "'""^n, th.. sple-
.— <!. ^v«n ,n part, in the rii.";!!:.; z'^^ 1:..:;;^:;: lUj^ '^" --- -^ ^^
thei^^st.?-.;;:::;:;-'-^-^^^^^^
the lower bord..r i« mis., iZ-J:^^-:, S'^ ^ ^ '■^""''^'-^''^ P^ -
X
am
16
The mandible of D. ineraumtmt in dwper in proportion toil« K>nirth than that of Cera-
toiaurut naMiivrmin, nthfrvtine th<( i?en«r»l contour in both N|.fiii soint'What ainiilar.
The different boueH of the mandible seen, wholly or in part, in this liirger «kull are :—
the deutary, the nurangnlar, the uujfulur, the «rti<ular, the apleuiul and the prexplenial.
The dentory, iilrendy known from the Hniiiiler nkull to be ii lari,'e and robuf bone, in
here found to extend barkward to beneutli the articnlar <otylu>. Alter attuiiiinjr ilx
greatest depth at al>out its mid-length, where it meets the Bnriingular abovi-, it passeN
bat^kward below that element and overltti>ping it posteriorly as a thin plate, terniiniitif.
in an acute point (plate V). As already seen, the d.'Utary, on the inner siirfaee, o(Cupies
about one-half of the lower depth of the jaw anteriorly. Its depth diminishes cradunlly
backward but the exaot point where it di8app.:irM from the inrier surface has not b«'en
ttNc.-rtained. It is thus seen that the dentnry of Dryptoiauruf in the amount of its back*
ward extension equals that of the deutary of Splie no/I'm and far r-urpa-ses that of Certitn-
The upper border of the suraugular i-xteiids in a low sweepinjj curve forward from
the articular lotylus above the level of vvhi« h its highest point is but little elevated.
This bone almost completes the rema-niler i>t the outer surfa >f the mandible, the pos-
terior end of the angular being visible inlVriorly to a limited extent with a still smaller
surface of the articular shewing behind. It is strenjrthened exteriorly n.-ur its upper
border, by a prominent rounded ridm'e extending for some distanc4' forward from the arti-
cular ootyluB into the composition of which it enters. A small boss of bone rises from
the superior border within the ba< k end of the riilge and in front of the outer end of the
articular cotylus. The surangular embraces the articular anteriorly, and passing beneath
it, extends as far back as the losterior limit of that element. It is piened by a foraminal
opening at about one-fourth ol its length in advance of itsbaik termination and at about
its mid-depth ; its inner surface in this region is deeply concave, fig. 21, plate VIII.
Below the foramen the bone becomes gradually thinner, where it is overlai)pcd by the
dentary, and is continued forward with a thickness, inferiorly. of only a few niilllmelr.s,
although posteriorly and along its upper border it is a stroiur and thick bone.
The articular is t^mall and compa.t, roughly triangular in shape, and is scarcely si'cn
except when viewed from above. It forms al>out two-thirds of the cotylus and is ..vcr-
lapped on its inner side by the angular, whiih extends nearly as far ba>k as either the
surangular or the articular. Its breadth exceeds its antero-posterior diameter.
The articular cotylus is transverse, deeply bitossate and evidently points to a striitly
upward and downward motion of the jaw, as the distal end of the (juadrate lits closely
into it. The movement of the jaw is, therefore, restrii'ted, anil differs from that of
Spheuodon, in which the articulating surface is nearly four times as great aiitero-posteriorly
as the condyle of the (juadrate and admitted of a backward motion of the mandible.
The slender bone meeting the snrunirular below the artici'lar, and embracing the
latter element on its inner surface, is regarded as the angular, of whiih mention has been
already made. It passes forward on the inner surface of the ramus in contact externally
with the inferior edge of the ])osterior extension of the dentary but is broken in both
rami at a point slightly behind the mid-length of the surangular, unless, as is strongly
suspected, its more anterior extension is sei'u more in advance at / plate \', where the bor-
A.!
16
der of • luB«IUr piece of bone Mcenda, corresponding with that part of the auguUr that
would form the lower, and together with the roronoid the anterior border of the large
Tacuity in the inner aurfare of the ramaa. The break in both halvei of the Jaw at thia
point ia nnfortunate, aa it is here that the Janrtiou of the angular with thekpleuial would
hare been looked for. It it probable that anteriorly the angular invreaseR very roinh in
depth, reaching the coronoid above and the aplenial in front.
In thia speoimen thi* front part of the Hplenial ia diapUi-<-d and itM relation to the
dentary and the preaplenial ia not no well ahewn on intheamuller iikall. The emargiiia-
tiou of the bone behind auggeating the presence of a set'ond splenial foramen ia, however,
very marked (/ plate V) Its narrow, (Mjinted anterior termination, properly fitting )m-Iow
the back end of the presplenial, is aeeii piMaing up betwtH>n the rami {S V, plate IV).
The presplei i\ and the inner alveolar plate of the dentary are seen in loth rami but
the hinder end of the former ia hidden. In front, where the rami have separated slightly,
the outline of the presplenial is obscure so that it in doubtful to what extent it passed
forward although apparently it reached the symphyseal surfui'e at least. The alveolar
plate is slightly dt^i^er than the presplenial and together they altout ('<|unl in depth the
inner development of the dentary bt>low. As seen in the smaller skull the Npleninl pusnes
behind the alveolar plate so as to materially reduce its depth near the termination of the
dental series. In the larger specimen the alveolar plate, althouirh itM exact outline is not
seen in front, is nevertheless considerably reduced in Hiie anteriorly whi-re it would lie
expected to join the dentary from without. The symphyNeal snrliice is narrow and
extends, with the direction of the anterior border of the mandilile, ohH(|uely upward and
forward. The union of the rami as in all dinosaurs was liuamental. As has been already
mentioned the inner alveolar border was at a slightly lower level than the outer border
but the amount of difference in level is more exai-tly determinable in the smaller skull
than in this specimen. -
The outer surface of the mandible is rather smooth 'hroughont and in this respect
shews a marked difference to the jaw of the Hmaller skull in which the anterior part of
the rami are decidedly rngost*. The front {lortion of the surangular in striated aa xlievvn
in platb V. In the d-.>ntary a number of foramina are present, near its anterior lower
border, of a size and in disposition, as indiiated in the figure. Across this bone, at about
its mid-length, a somewhat obscure row of shallow depressions extends upward and
backward in an oblique curve as shewn in plate V above the anterior end of the break
in the left ramus. This feature is snggested in the dentary of the smaller specimen but
is too indistinct to be spoken of with certainty.
In MegalotauTfs * the bony partitions separating the alveoli from each other an> des-
cribed as springing from the inner alveolar wall and projecting outward to the inner sur-
face of the outer wall. The reverse of thi.s Neems to be the case in Dryptomiurus, in which
the principal alveolar grooves are apparently formed on the inner surface of (he outer
dentary wall with little or no development of grooves in the alveolar plate. In this par-
ticular the alveoli of Dryptnsaurus are slightly suggestive in general plan of structure
of those of the dental chamber of the mandible of the Cretaceous species of Trachodon **
in which the teeth more upward in well defined grooves in the inner surface of the outer
•Trail*. *Jeol. Soc., London. »e«inil uerit^, vol. 1, p ;t!^. pin. XL ami .\LI, 1824 (full rcffffno* on p. 'ii uiiil "On theHkull
of Mi^aloMUrus.'' by ProfttuMir Owen. I^larttrly Jtxirnal I i,>o]uKifal Society, Uindoii. \t»l. XXXI.X. p. 3;W. p). .\l. LSSi,
*• Part II of thia volume, p. G9.
17
W.1I of th.. dent.1 .h.mlM.r. .vhiUt th« »aff*« of th« inner w.ll ol th.. .•h.m»H,r i. ...m-
orm part of, ami to b. .ontiBU.Iiou. or .-xtenaiouK of. th.- inner .urta. .- ol the on e den
tary wall, inward toward the dent.ry plate with which they are apparently not Tery
■trciiKlv (•onue''ted.
The teeth «f thi. .jHHieH (without referen.e to .uch an muy b». .on.idered to U
in.i.or.) are .armated on their anterior and iKH.terior ed,;.«. the rarinat.o„« »«''»B ;""'"'';'y
.errated, with about ten to twelve denti. ulution. in a ap* e of 6 mu.. I h.7 are lent., ular
inK,aion alK,^e (plate VI, fifr.. !»-14) but in pa«»in.r downward a "* '•""'8 "J ;'
anterior and posterior border* .ak.-n plu-e ami be. om.. mor.- pron.mn..-d n-ar the baa.
of the .rown, a alight flattening ol the »ide. of th.. teeth alno b....,m.«g more de.lded .1
the lower portion of the cn.wn. The anterior .urina ,,aa.eH gradually to ... '""'■'- •i''''
he .rown whiUt the poat.r.orone i« w.ll over toward the out.r ..de lor the ;;reater part
of it. lengtr The po^erior keel exte.td. downward for the whole length of the .rown
but th.. anterior one atopa at about ..ne-fo, rth the height of th.. -rown Iro.n .t. baae.
In the left ramu« of the larger .kuU the .rownH of all th.- t..eth e». epl the tw..llth,
„, plaU-V. urebrok..n olf clom. to the alveolar border leaving ^...t.on. of ihe.r baH..»
xi.Hed at this level. .0 that the ...a.t ,>o.itio.. ,.f th.- ...th, in th.. ^^^^iU liZJ;^
deH..itelyd..termined. In th.. right ra.u..., plate IV. however, seven ol the teeth a e
pr..Herved inta.t whil.t the baae« of the lir.t four and of the ..U.v..uth re.na.n ... p.^.t.o...
In all the ...eth of the mandible ex.vpt the a..terior one of eith.r rarau., th.. .nt..ro-
,„,sterior diatneter of th.. baae ..f the crown is U-reater tha.. the tra.,sv..r«,. d.ain.. er I.,
the front or lir.t tooth the se.tion of the baae shews that l.,' Iran.verae d.ameter was
equal to or if anything greater than th.. ai.t' -o-posterior o...-
Ko succesaional t.-eth have bee., observed, i.. th.- .wo skulls of Dm>to»auru» from
the Edmo.,ton seri.-., ex.ept one in the left maxilla of th.. lander sp.M-.m.n. ». plat.. V,
a..aa..other in the right maxilla of the smaller on-, ..ot sulh.-.eu.ly ..o..sp.c.,ous to l...
shewn in the figure, plate 1.
The lower end of the left quadrat.', fi-.'. V\ plate VII. is transversely elongate and fits
rlo...ly into th.. two oblique depressions of the arti.ukr ....tyhts. Above .ts urt.. .. ar
surfa.e the quadrate <o,.tra.ts i,.to u narrow n... W. retai..i...r a .ra..sverse d.am.ter gr. ater
tha.. the a..tero.posterior o..e. Us forward siirfu.-e is slightly . ..n.ave a..d when th.. b......
" position th.. ..e.k is dir.vled obliquely upvvar.l a..d forward. I., h. r.ght ra.m.s
t.K i.!^..r surfa. o ..f the ..uadrate, Q, plate V. is s..e,. but mu.h .■r«sh..d a..d prcjmb y
dis'orted so as to -ive li.tl- a.-.-urate inform,.! ion as to .ts tr..- shap... although .t ev.denlly
was .-xpanded above to some extent and r.'a.h.'d the pterygoid.
In the palalal region the following ..lem....ts are repr..s..nt,.d or more or l.-sselourly
s..en, lro.n below :-th.. basisphe....id, th.. b»siptery..,oid pro. .sses o th.. .as.Hpheno.d
(basipt.rygoids), th.. pt..rygoids, the right transpalatit.e (......pterygoid) and the ba.^k half
of tl... right palatine.
The pt..rygoids, l>r, ar.. .,io.l..rat. ly large I.0....S, narrow a..t..riorly wh..re they appr
.0 .....et in the middl.. H..., ..f the h.ad. ThVy ar.. ev-oly rou...i..d ,u trout when- the.r
...argins nuderli.- th.. palati....s. ,M a short .lista..... l...hi..a the.r front e,.ds they turn
3
Il
bil^i^u^d. .K*^ ! '^ . I^'u"'? '"^•*' "•"' "*''»•*• »»* k «•» 'h* iui,..r .id. of »he
poin?!!:iri^»r*"'''"' ^' "^ '"••''''' ■""^''*^ '^"' -■»• «"-; '•».., .,. r,.b«.t ...a
mo deeply d..p^.«ed ov»l .rei,, oue ou ..ilh.r .id« of the .xUl line of the heml •ei.r.ted
from the .urfiace of ,he bon. in front by . well defined t«n.v«rm, rid^e. '
Th ■ p«liitine^ PL. »pp,.,r to be in .-outi.t |M).teriorly where they .re .!■>>».» nf .k-
The tr.„,p»|.tiue. TPL, i. . .troHR. ..un'.Hl bone lying »^.,iuHt the outer ed.,e of th-
pterygoid .onnecth,g apparently iu front with .he paKe and IhCiv witj the
L oMw '7t"'"""r """""'■'"■ °P*""'»« -""^ of the elen,ent. iLtWe'en whio! it it
.probable taking mto .on.ideration .« well the . orroborution found in thl ill „f
">. ^u Hi- .n the«nXrVp:;.l(U ;^^^i^^^
meet in the median line, if they Z.i at alii: extrle." L«bU:.'''Vhtp^ ^1^
supposed prevomerine fragment, in the larg..r skull and the mn, *"" P""'""" "' »•>«
bone (ft, in the emalW on^eads to the Sf tha ^ p Utir/ diT^? '""T"'
.t wai. of a limited extent. The prevomers were probaWv ;e^rvet^p^ !nd IT T
may^have extend«i backward between the intern'al narii T^lli;:!!!;;' Z";:^
gmds o. fair sue, embra<i«g the basipterygoid«. extending ba.k to 1" a jZ.i^^'^iah
the quadrates, and leaving an interptervKoid varuitv in whi h th . , / T
iies. Transpalatines narro'w and ^^^^nr^Z:::^:;^^J^;^:^^^;i^
k. and apparently reaching the palatines in front. Palatines LldCa^v't^ u"iUnL"
with the perygoids and maxilla-, possibly meeting to a limited extrntTtTe ?„H *
line, enclosing, with the transpalatines and the v „Lilla,- IZll. ,^\ • . "
l!»
MtfititmtHit nj tarftr tkuU,
RilrmM Wgih irf »|i*<'iilMn (U-ngth <* led rmnus .T* in«h««)
l>MUa<« \wtmmn mn%M»- .lightly in »ilv«nc« of lli.ir |Mi««iTi<w »wmini»ll<M..
length 111 »atiir» prfurvKil hrt«t<«B m»«ilU *nA jugiil <« Mft tiilo . .
length iif Mino »muie pmirrtvil <in right •iHe
M.i»iiiiUMi lirt-wlth (if iM'i't|>ili»i "(ndjfle. .
Ilitight I'f »«m« rt mill bnwllh
Width of fofiim»n iiMifnuiii
Mright of ••iiw
Hrawlth of Ixuii jKcipiUl
Thlckii«»« of l»t»rHl Hmige "f •xiHtipil»l • ■ ■
tti^ttbio from »rli. uUr f«j« of .Kejpit«l o.iiJyl« to •nUrior end "f p«ri«Ul ridge
lUiUiiee li«t««>n inner »urf»< -• of »opr»t*i pof»l vMuitim (itppnix )
Wl<lth of pitiiiUrjf foramen fnrtii front to h«ck kt mid-length
I<rnglli o( Kline
(li'Mitt-t .le, Ih of left r»uiuii (upprox. )
length of ilenlsrjr
Mitximiini ilepth of denurjrul iU mid length (»ppro».)
Thick m-Mofleft r»mu>>it Miidh.iglit«nU'riorly, twiow liith tooth
Ijangth of "lUperior bonier of »ur»nguUr
ThickmtM of «ur»n)»ul»r through th.> riilgi- near ilK uppei border
Thickneu of NurnnguUr »l«vn the ridg«
ThicknenH of nuntngular Ix-low the riilge
Height of Kuranguliir forauirn
Widtti of »«rap . .
Width of poxteriiir OTd of aiiguUr
Widthof name i»t-.,«g, 21 flute VMI
Thickneiw of "»m« «l wme I>oint
Tr»n«viTiMi dinmt'ter of »rtiouUri'Otylu«
Thi.kiies« of r»inuH fnini upper «urf»ce of cotylui. "t iti. mid length, to lower nor
furr of (leMl»ry _
Coiiihinwi thi<:.iir>« of dentiry an.l Hurmigukr (it y. Hg. -'O, pUl« VIII
length of iTown ..f tifih t<Hith of right ramu.
ilreiwlth of lift"" of crown of name
Thickneiw of Iww of crown of Ninii'
Ixingth of cn.wii of twelfth UKilh of right ramuit
r«epth of ii.n.r alveolar plat.- of d.ntBry Iwlow Ixlh t«><>th
Depth of prenpli'iiial below Mnifl tooth
Ijenjjth of ^plcnial foramen .....
Height of name
DiHtaiicfi lietwcen iiplenial foramina
Itri'adth of pU'rygoid at its anterior fnd (approx.) .
Breiiillh of name in advanie of iMxipK^ygoid
BoMMlth of expo«e.l portiun of pidatiiie a .hort di»tance in advanc- ot it. p.«t4-rior
end
Breadth of tran»iwlatine near the front end of pterygoid *"
Length of hooked process of pterygoid (imperfect at lower end) >°
MM
970
IMA
u
M
S3
M.
M
SI
2JM)
107
11
33
337
»on
IMA
53
4SH)
.13
33
14
38
33
fiO
SO
23
112
43
10
,'^4
1!B
IM
IS
31
3U
37
»ri
4.'.
85
20
Tibia and Astbaoai.us.
plate ntA'r'aCir £•"''■'• ''•"'•^'''n ''■'"" '' ''" -'-^"1— hewn in
that th. 'J. bo;.;^ nours:;; w s ^^'^ "•*• ^-"" «""" -<^ ^'^-vs
an ob,u«.. angle forward^t^l"^^^^ ' ^"^T""^ *"''■'"■*■' ""-""'"y- »'«»<Ji'"r '»^
ward. The iSerTeJZttthXZ Z ' "T''''^^''' ^"'^ '"'^'""^•1 "^iqnely h-k-
is visible in the7ra: tnn^ al";l:f "^ T:r '^^ '"'^''""y ^'***'"'''"» "P '"'» 'he shaft,
is shewn, in fig. Tr^Ml'v^S; ZlTL^a^ ^'''"•"""" = " ^^ ""'"^ ^^^''^ *--'-« -'^
mid-length, /venly ronndXowar^ '^'^ ? 7'' ""'' ""'*" ''''•''• '""''^"•^ted at it.
In front a broad la. m la ,tl '^"h" .-nd, and tern.inating behind in a thin ed^e.
abends clot"; apX^^ ZZJZZf" 'n"^""!'"" T "'''' *^^' "' Ornmo.,1,
part of the prL'J then" nay p^^ Ii; "^ .": t *""«• ^I'tween whi.h and the upper
although below the two bo„eL!Iu.> is FwidT r.' ""''""* "' — iA-tion
oceurs in the lower part of the .«. .n^i. transverse rr^.H^ve ui coneavity
portion. In this grX a,/d t ;,7;'^^'''^:7;''-.-V'"t"»ti..g its junction with the basal
linear depression!. laZpiV^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
well defined .one.e area Ir.s the^:!!.!::;;! Z^^r^Z. ^^li^ '■"' '
a.traS::;':?;ss^,-:!:::?;h:r^o't" ^^ - ^*'""'"'"'- ^^-"^'-- »-"'-» ^he
obii^ie to the tra„i::::e::^ r ie :; 'Thrr o- Jt ^T'-r-v-'---^^ -•■ ">--
tibia behind to «o great an extent In O „ /„ fh . ; ' T ' '*°""* "'" "^"''"P ''"'
Om.l,i„e,| thick,,,.., of tibi,, „,„l ,.t,,„„|„, ,„.„^ „„„,^ _^.,,^.
"t'r :::-:f ,;'^'-"" — » - ■-- -^^ - o.^. ,;„.. ;..,
Co„.b,„ed tl.ick.,es« of tibi. ,.n.l astragalus m-ar inner »ide .■■'!■;::;:::,.;;•
7'i7„Vi. *
Rreiidtli of distal end
Br..«dth at fractured upper end of spe..i„,en '
MaxruTtti'I"'""" "' ""'™ "' '™'^'"^'^ "PPorend of specimen.'
.naximum thieknMs near out(>r side
Brra,Jth below of obli,,u„ surface of inner Md'e
Hreadth below of obIi,,ue surfac,. of outer side
MM.
102
7"
11!)
■ I'art 11 uf ll]i» ,
2tH
1.10
46
106
nil.- |.. .-HI, ti^'. 11.
igmn
21
Astrngaliin.
Breacltli of articular fare : pquals that of .listal eml of tiljia
KrcaHtli of aHoenHing priMcsa Iwlow
Btcadlli of sanif where frarturwl alniic (»(>prox.)
TliickiiPH< of same alwvo, near outer Hide
TliickiieHs (if sanio almve, near inner »ifle
Maximum tliickne^s in front of tibia, at outrr siilc
Maximum thickness in front of tibia, near inner side
Thickness Ijelow til)ia at outer side
Thickness liclow tibia at inner side
HeiKht of facet for calcaneuni
KnMuUli of facet for calcaneum
MM.
•.'48
I.'. J
90
i:i
:i
.">r>
42
;i!t
;«
Metataiisai..
The metatarsal figured in plate VII nlso noes with the smaller skull ; it is remark-
able for its length and slendernes.s and is regarded as the seeond of the right Inub. It is
laterally compressed above, has a straight shift and near its lower end is bent .suddenly
inward away from Mt. III. The shaft is narrowly rounded in front and flattened on the
side that would eome next to Mt. Ill indicating a elo.se approximation of the bones ol the
metatarsus to one another. This lat.-ral flat surface is rugose and meets the posterior sur-
fa<e which is also rather flat, in a decided angulation that is conspicuously prominent
(at a fig 1« plate VII) above the sudden inturu of th." bone below. The proximal arti-
cular surfai'e is flat and antero-posteriorly elongated with a length about twi.e the
breadth, the distal arti.ular surface is ronnd.'.l and produ-ed well up in front and behind,
iH.intin- to a .onsiderable flexibility at this joint. There are well marked vas.ular grooves
and pits in both articular surfaces. Externally the distal end is deeply ex.avated. pos-
teriorly a shallow groove (''■ fig. 1>^) P"^^-'^ »P«»"1 '■'■'"" the articular sur e : viexved
from below it is semicircular in outline, flat externally and curved on the inner side On
the inner posterior surface of the shaft, b^^low its mid-height, a roughene.l verti.al groove,
r marks the position of the distal half of Mt. I, the position of whose lower end is indi-
cated by the raised surface at <l. The first digit or hallux would thus be din-ctcd inward
and ba-kward in a manner similar to that of the grasping toe of Alhmurus lirst .les-
cribed by Osfiorn * in 18!''.1.
It is probable that the shaft of Mt. I was interrupted at its mid-height. A slight
roughening of the surface of Mt. II near its upper end (e, fig. 18) no doubt indicates the
position of the proximal half of Mt. 1. The greater i^rtion of one of the tarsal bones
remains and is shewn at /.
Mw-Murenit'iilH of iHffttfarfHiK
Leni'th
Antcrofwsterior diameter of upper articular face
Transverse diameter of mme
Antero posterior diameter of lower articular face .
Transverse diameter of siirae
MM.
. .".05
135
60
88
65
• llMlletin of the A.M.ru-.n Mu...„ f NutnnU Hi»t..ry. V.,1 .MI. .r.i, I.. X I. PP >M 17-'. ^-O. - Kop. ,o,.l H,„.l l,.,nl,.
i.f farni\.ir.iu» ami lUrbuuruu« Dinossiiri. fntw. tlie .lurawic "I « >»mmi?.
22
of thf j;sMolt.\Soft^^^^^ :if r^r r-'*-'- '-- ^^^^ -«»
bourhood of 30 feet In tht tLI t ' « "**^'y ^ """^ '" ''»^« ''«^n i" the neigh-
from the muzzle to the t^ oi^ Se t«il I "?. ' '"' ''f ^I" '"'"^"' "»'* *^' '""1 '«'^'h.
U«i„g the length ofL^' iTjLlTLZZZSt^^^^^^^ ' '^^ «* T '*"'•
rnlation. by the rule of proportion, a len Jw 83 f^t i. kV i r "^A^ "' "* '"""'' '^"'" '"'■
similar manner the length of (>J,Zl^«l !/I I* ""^ '^"^ ^ 'W<.««/«,. I„ a
Richard Owen give* the lenirlh oV mII/ 1" . '^'" """"""'''^ '° ^ ^2 feet. Sir
of i). a^uilunJ^fZ llSin[^r''T *""*'""'''■ •** »" 3" "^''t ""d Cope that
animarmucrmal," Lri>^- 1^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Marsh C,.«, „„„,„,, ^^^ ^,,
respectively 26 and 38 inches, ;rar„Vme:rCwh;n ^^^^^ '''''-" '^^'^ "«-«
ofi/L?:Kerf:r"^;:t4^^^^^^^
estimated length of 18 inchrftfrth P'° . '"'^ ™°'^'' ♦'^l"^ the mark. Professor Cope's
length of the anhnal ""' ""''""*""' ""'"'^ '^"•«" '^''O"* ^O »-t as the total
Onodal Phalanoks.
they^aL'tr;^rmi;t^1 JlVsL;T"r f "" f ^Vl"^"''' P"'"''"^- "^'^ -"«- ^
in plate VII ^ ''"P'' *''" '"8^*"* ''"^ »»««* P^'^erved one bein^ figured
thes/rvt'iTaiJr ;: slirtL:rnurt;r "^!''i '^r °*''^' '-^« --*--•
rusfrn.nli.in Marsh is nearfy ^ i^.heTC Jht/r* « ''^'" "^^ *»»« '"o* "' ^"—
Z). «,«./«„^„.-4 that has a 1^11^0. almost «lch '"" ^'"7' " -rresponding bon. of
.ip to th. „pp..r edge of the SX r "ur . t Tor^ver.Tin. h" T"'t ''"^ ''"'" ''"■
b<.tweeu the same points) The DhaUnJnfn T ***"'*'« "'""ff the upper curve
about 41 inches ,„ Tstraight HneC'hMifS'fr''''" ''^^1 '" ^'''"' ""''' '""—
along the upper curve) This wo, iT. ^ ^ , ' ^^^"^ *■■"'"'" '"*'*^'" <°^ 4? inches
n,uch large! „ pn po ion to .hT^e ^"Z T.^'' T"'*'"' '''''" *" ""■'"'"'»«
.hc pes, ,hcy do no, apjc r to b' t keep.t Tuh :h '""^'T':' ''"^ '"'''"^-^ '°
hind limb. Keeping w,th the size and evident Wrength of the
poin^i!;';;::^^ij^;.^;;;j;:: z rr ""r'-r-'T '-''-- -'•^'-' ^^-^^y
plane of the articular facri^ert^alT^^^^ ahnost d.reCIy downward when Ihe
direction but concavely'Vrved iriitL^ lower surface is slightly, onvex in ,. .raii.verse
so as to be angularly rLnd^-dtw S m^^
;nM.en^h,isaWe^altothema.m2t:d^O::^e?r;:ri:lS;t^
• Ii..lletin of th.. Americn M„-«m, of N.tMiml lli.t.,n- Vol XIV . , v„
'• ■'■tlivontufrraphical S<<-ietv Mi,ni<m!.h , .til t ■
f T™„„<.„„„.of th. An...riin |. il , i : ^J^'1:^^'T"':^'7'^'''-" «"•' '■-'-•< f-natio,.,, ,.«. HI „ o., ,«,„
■IMi
St
is a roughened transvewe Inberosity, a. of rather small size, lor the attachmeut of the
flexor tendon. This tuberosity is separated from the lower border of the articular 8urfa.re
by a well defined groove c, that passes upward on each side of the bone and curves for-
ward, with greater distinctness, to the tip. Laterally at mid-length, beneath the groove,
the bone is expanded ..utward into a prominent ridge, 6, that materially increases the
area of the inferior surface. The phalanx, when viewed from above, inclines to the
riKht The articular surfa.v is .hallowly concave and has a median groove ducted trom
its lower border upward. For a short distance in advance of the sharp edge ol th- arti-
cular fa.o the surface of the bone is longitudinally striated and subrugose, elsewhere
with the exception of the tuberosity b.'neath, the bone is rather smooth.
UeamreDumU of iincfiuU plialanx of manu».
MM.
Uiatance in a straiRlit line from tip to upper lK^^e of articulnr face 109
Distance from tip along upper curve to upper erfge of articulnr face l-'i
Maximum breadth (Ijehind mid length
Maximum height, from lower surface of posterior tuljer<«ity Ui upper liorder 41
Height of articular face
Maximum hreadth of same
lUlM.
With the smaller skull was also found part (about half) of the left ilium against
which ar.' crushed the neural arches and spines of three sural vertebru-. The neural
spines are well .oossitied ; the central one is much greater in its antcr-.-posterior diauieter
than Ui • third, and apparently also than the lirst which is imperle.t iu front. The spines
are striated above in a vertical direction on their exposed risj^ht lateral surfaces ; they are
broken ofl- in a line with the upper border of the ilium. The i.ium its.-lf is broken m
front below and b,-hind but inta.t abov. The part represented in thespe.imeu extends
from above the acetabulum for some distanc.- ba.kward. It is thin and plate-like present-
ing a smooth surface .'xteriorly : it is slightly concave at the centre and develupes a
prominent ridge posteriorly below. Beneath the ri.^- the bone is conspicuously excavated,
evidently above and in closi^ proximity to the isd.;,.. atta.hment. The lu elabnlar t>or.l.-r
is not included in the specim.-n. In iatert'l .ispe, t the upper border has a very slightly
arched curve; it is rendered rugose by decided striations directed upward and slightly
backward. The portion of the ilium r. maiuing measures :i03 mm. iu height and 870
mm. in length. The middle neural spine measures 138 mm., from front to back, near
its upper end, and the posterior one !»;■> mm. ; the anterior one is incomplete, .Vefrahsaurus
had five co-ossilied sairai vertebra- of which the second, third and fourth neural spines
united above. Dryplosaiirus hud at least three, and possibly Hve vertebra', iiuluded in
the sacrum.
Some ofthe . hief points of ditference in the interpretation and enumeration of the
elements and openings of the skull oi Dryptosaurm incrassaliis as set forth, in the pr.-li-
minary des.ription by Professor Cope in 1892, and iu the present .lescriptiou, may be
conveniently summarized, in tabular form, as follows : —
24
■i.t
PreHminary deamplinn.
Orbit.
PraorbiUl fonroea.
FronUI.
Prefrontal.
Pu«tfront<><>rbital.
I Epipterygoid. -i-
I Poatoptic.
Urbitosphnnoid.
Sur»n«uUr: extend.^ to Imnlcr of articular
cotylus.
Uplenial.
Opercular (of Curiei ).
IViitary + Anjjular in part.
Angular.
Articular.
Articular cotylus: not bifoawte.
freient tUieri/jlion.
Pruorbital vacuity.
Anterior preorbital vacuity.
Nasal region : naiala iiot recognized.
Naaal region.
Prefrontel. (? + lachrymal).
Palatine.
Prevonier.
Surangular: enters into composition of articu-
lar ciitylufi.
Presplenial.
Spleniul.
I*entary.
In part posterior portion of ilentary.
Articular ^- Angular
.\rticular cotvlus : liifosfiate.
Th.'ahovedis.r.-pam7iuth.-d.4.Trainatiouo(the bouo« of th.- skull i>* no douht
due to the fiut, that the pn-orbit.-l vacuity was rejrarded as the orbit, l.-adinir to the
naming ot a number of the element.s in a,.ordan.e with that idea. Also the --.uoial
lately, of th.- matrix in .ertain parts, notably from the arti.ular .otylus and ...,ai thJ
inner side of the left ramus in the larger skull, has facilitated the further >tudv of the
speeimeus.
In the preliminary description this species is .hara-terized as differing from Ceralu-
suiiru^ nau,,nnis 'in the much larger and more anteriorly placed orbits, and in Ihe much
smaller preorbital foramen."
Ac.ording to the present writer's conclusions the skull of this species differs in a
marked degree in certain dire.tions from both that of CeratoM„r„» •> ,a Creomfirus Too
httle IS known of the skull ot Mesalo.aurus to allow of a general comparison. In
comparing CeratoMuruf with DrvptoMHtm the differences are not to be looked for in the
jK«*ltion of the orbit which is pla.ed similarly in both genera, but rather in the size form
and disi)osition ol the various bones and Ihe op,-ning8 th-y enclose. Particularly is the
variance apparent in the construction of the lower Jaw. As regards the prominent nasal
horn .ore ot Cer„t,mur„s, a .orapari.son here fails, as the specimens of DryploMtiru, are
deb.ieut in the na«al region. The apparent absence of an anterior preorbital vacuity in
fera<o.*«,/r«.vmay be noticed as well as the relative shortness of the dentary bone In
/>ry/,<,«««r«,,- the iwsi ion ol the foramen, piercing th.- surangular in its hinder part is
pe.'uliar; this .jp*.uing is apparently r.preseut..d, in the jaw of Cerulomur«f. by the larger
and more anteriorly i.la.-.d loram..|i in a position similar to that of the external m„H,libular
foramen ot th.- cro.odile. There an- reasouabl.. irrounds for supposinir that there w.-re
twe ve l.eth lu th.- maxilla of Driptosanrus <is . oinpar.'d with lift..eii in Ceralosauru, also
the low..r jaw is larger, in .omparison with the rest of the skull, in the former spe,ies
than in the latter. '
\nCreosaur«s there ar.. ihr.H. pn^orbital vacuities, two pla,,.d as in Drv/Xosuuruo and
an ad.litionalon.of.siual! sizebelw.-en the pn-niaxilia and the maxilla The skull is
higher, in proportion to the length, than in D. imrassaln:, but in the att.'mpt.'d r.'st..ratioii
of the skull dig. A p. 2,".) of the (;ret*..,.us spe. ies it is possible that sulh.i..nt allowan.e
25
ha* not been made for the criuhing from above to which the 8i>e<imenB have boen subjected.
So far UB a comparison can be carried out the ireneral dispOHition of the diHerent elements
are remarkably similar but when examined in detail the ,.roiK>rtion8 of the bones and
their enclosed foss!.- are ditferent throughout resulting in the Cretaceous type in a more
depressed form of skull.
^iiililiiMlr.l^''^
\>
^
\J
K,,.. .\. K.,.„r»t, f ,h.. .kull ..f l,r,„ ,. ,„..,..„<„.: l,.f. I.t-r.: ..,..-t : d- ">.-. .n- -l..l..!y .„..r,. ,hun ,
.illlit. 111.- ii;itiiti\l -m: Tlii-.I..Util liii.»in.luiili'lliir.»t..n.il |«it«.
\ I \ i
^
~ v___ i.^'^
I'll,, l^. [HUfT
i.« of till. I.'t ramus .villi tli.' oirnMnicI :in:l 111.- aiiti-ii.ir iiui ..f tlir angular r.-»l..i-^-.l.
f
I J 1!
S7
BlBLIOdUAPUY.
189' Cope E. D. On the .kull of M.e dino^urian Map, i,ura,mtu,, Cope. Proceeding- of the
American Philoiophioal Mociety, vol. X.\X, p. 240.
1^90 Cope, E.D. On the homologie. of the ,-«terior cranial arche. in th../f.p<.«a. Tranwction. of
1^9-. t.ope, ^^^ ^^^^^^^ Philc«„phical 8,«iety, Philadelphia, vol. XVII, n«w «>neH, p. 17.
1899 Hay O. P. On the nomenclatun. of certain American fo«il vertebrate.. American OeoIogUt.
vol. XXIV. p. 346.
190^ O,born. H. F. and Umbe, U M. Contributions t.. Canadian Pal«<.nU.logy, vol. Ill (,,u.rto), pt.
190-. U«born.n ^^ On Vertel.raU of the Mid CreUceouB of the Northwest Ternary, pp
IK and 27. (1) Distinctive characters of the Mid Cretaceous fauna by H.
V. Ohborn. (2) New genera and species from the Belly river series (Mid
Cretaceous) by h. M. Lambe.
1903. Umbe, L. M. On the lower jaw of DrypU«aurus incrassatus (Cope). Ottawa Naturalist, vol.
XVII, p. 134, plat«s I, II ami III.
ii I f
PLATE I.
t 'I
PLATE r.
Dryplomtirui inerauatus (Cope).
fig. I. iikull of iDMllpr •peciineD, Hoperior view ; on« thin] natural siw. P,gf 8.
APV «,t,Tior preorbital v^-uity : IN, inU.rn.1 n.r« ; J, jugal ; I, lachrym.l ; M. maiilU
O, orbit ; PK. prefronUI ; PM, preniMill., ; PM8, premaxillo-in.xilUry sutur* POB
pMtorbiUl Ur ; PV. preorbital vacuity ; 8(.V, .urborbiul »«:uity ; a, ,K).U,rior l»rder of
poatorbital Iwr ; 6, prevoiner ; c + (f, palatine.
l> i
i it
<
-I
a.
naxilU ;
; HOB,
order of
I! f
PLA TK IT.
PLATE 11.
If
FiK.
DryptomHrun inrrtunalug (Cope).
Skull of sinallp. specimon, lateral view, seen from tl... left ; one-third .mtur,il s„.e. Page 8.
APV, anterior preorbital vacuity ; IN, internal nan-s ; J, ju,.al ; I, lachrymal ; M, maxilla ; O,
orl.it; I|., prefrontal; Pf)H, p.»torl,ital l.ar ; PV, preorhital varuity ; S(»V suU.rbitol
vacuity ; n. posterior l«r.ler of |K«t.>rl.iti,l Ur ; I., prevomcr ; r + </, palatine
iif
.>!
111
tX^Si.-^
<
a.
Page 8. =
O
O
J I
n
MJ
l^T.A^n: HI
s !
PLATE Iir.
DryptomuriiH incnumtu) (Cop«).
ii
*•""" ' • — — «»g|n
iwing
iiiiil :
'loiid
<
2:
<
>
"•J
o
o
m
•^
u
ill
I' *
i j i
it
M
PLA.TK IV.
I'l-ATK IV.
..i«...., ,L. ..... ;:: z:;: „:::;' :;:7: "ir^"" """ ■"""' ""■« '^-- "^--"^. ">••
P "U ;"PV "";^r •"■"'""'■ ''■••'•«'"""- f*^. vomer (p.„.p,.,.„„i,„; PS,
u, ..... uf ...sht .upnu..„,p,„..l V. „„y ; X, .uture l«tw..„ „„..il „J ,„,„, „ ,„,
tiK.ili ; * p,jHii,uu ..f piluilaiy funimeii. '
-J
a.
lit
SI
>
u
e;
o
_j
o
UJ
pj.A'n: V.
HLATK V.
/hii/ilimiiKniH iticrtitnatiiM (Copf).
Kit,', .'i. Skull «>f lnrKiT xinwiiiii'ii , mniiili>ili', mvh frmii th<' lift, lvlii({ Imneikth the crnniuiii, nhdwiiiH thi'
Bxteriiir surface of the left rHiiiun ami tin- interior surfmv wf tiio rii;ht riiiius. K.jur tlfli'Ciith', iir
■iJKhtly iii'iri' llmii uin' fourth, mitural »i/c. Vnge 12.
AN. aiiKulnr . A li, articular. HT, li;isi|>t«r>«iii(l , l>, .Icnlnry ; l>l'. iririf>r alvc.iliir jiliitc .if
ilciit'iry , K'>, px.)c,i|,iial : .1, jUKal ; M, maxilla: I'l., palatini-; I'SI', |in'Hjilfnial ; I'T,
ptcrji{iiiil . i;, .|uailrali' ; SA, ^unlen{ular ; .SuV. nuiwirliilal vacuity , ST, ^plcnial ; TIM,,
trannpalalinc ; /, anterinr uiarj-in of ( spcnnil splciiml furamcii ; It, suture Lelsu'wii iimxilla
ami junal . in, twelfth to.iih; ii, maxillary toiilh with sucic>.>.iiiiial t<nith atmve : IIS.
UuiiMphunoiil.
H
!
PLA.TE \'I.
•-■-M m mm u W
Itg^g^gmmmmm
PLATK VI.
FiK.
KiS.
FiR.
Kiij.
Kij..
Ki,'
DryptoMurnn inemamlut (Ci>[)e). ,
6 The M ™K.>l.i» enilnarinK tl.e disUl .-.ul of the riRl.t tibi« an.l shewinK tW asoen.linB pivKr^ :
anU-rior view. One half n,.ti.n.l si/e. ColU-cwl will, the smallT skull. P-W -.iO.
7. Posterior i i.-w of the sum.' : one half nnturiil size,
H. I>'ft Uteial a-iiifct of the siHiie ; one half natunvl si/*.
;.. Kxtenial lateral a^,-.t of .-rown of t..,th, . olloct^l with the sni^ll-r skull, natural size, with a
few of the ilenticles enlarijeil four times. I'nfi''- 1 1 antl 17.
10. Outline of transverse »e.tio„ of same t«..th, at al-mt ono-thinl the height of the .mwu l-'low
the a|iex ; natural si/e
11. Outline of transverse section of «une Us.th at a litll.. l«;low the mi,! l.e.^hl. of the crown ;
natural size.
l-> Outline of tr-msverse section of -«.n,e t.K.th, r.ear the l«i.se of the crown ; n.-.tural size. In the
..utlines of tions, shewn in liRS. 10, 1 1 an.l VI. the upper side corres,M.n.ls to the outer surface of
the t<H,th and the end to the ri^l.t to the ant..ri..r Is-nler of the crown
13. .\nterior view of crown of same tisith ; n.-itural .size,
14. Posterior view of crown of same tooth ; natural size.
A, astragalus ; AS, ascendiiix process of astraRalus ; T, tibia
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
PLATE VI.
^ti.'O-'yt CO
I. M uAMIf. DIIT.
■'-^'^^^p
PLATE VII.
PLATE VII.
Dryptoaaurus tii<-ni»«i/"» (<'')p<-).
Fig. 15. Occiput of Urger ,kull, posterior view, shewing the occipital condyle and foramin. ; one-half
the natural size. Page 1 -V
Fig. Iti. Ungual phalanx of niauus ; foun I with the smaller skull. Natural si/e. Page ^2.
Fig. 17. The same phalanx, viewed from l^^hind, shewing the articular face ; natural siie.
Fig. 18. MetaUrsal II of ri^l.t li.n!. ; 1-ft lateral aspect obliMUely from behind. One-third natural size.
Found with the smaller -^kull PiiU" 21.
Fig. 19. Distal end of left quadrate of larger skull ; anlerio- view. On-half natur.M si/.e. Page 17.
HO, Usi-oecipital ; CF, oan.tid f"ra«,en ; EO, ex-wcipital ; FM, foramen magnum ; OC, occipital
■ condyle ; X, M, XII, exits of cranial nerve».
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
PLATE VII
'■ — -~r
iV
. H lAMIF.
H(LOT**t CO.
PLATE VITT.
PI,.\TK Vllt.
l>i)/iAomiirii» iuenumliit (Cope)
Fig. 20. Exterior Mpect of posterior end of left ramus of Urgir akull ; .ne-half natural nir. Page 1 4.
Fig. 21. Interior view of tl'.e same ; similarly reduced.
Fig. 22. Pituitary foramen, as seen in larger upeciinen, from Iwlow ; natural size. Page 14.
PN, pituitary foramen ; HI. exit of oculomotor nerve ; *, keel ; o, anterior end.
1^
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 0^ CANADA
PLATE V
. M iAHM. DELT.
NHOTvaf CO