IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ^ 123 3.6 40 1.4 ISi 12.0 11.8 1.6 150mm ^ '/ *; ^} W ''"^A*" ■> y /APPLIED ^ IM/IGE . Inc .SSS 1653 East Main Street -sss ''- Rochester. NY 14609 USA ^=^1= Phone: 716/482-0300 ^^^^= Fax: 716/288-5989 e 1993, Applied Image, Inc., All Rights Reserved ^\ "^9) CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographles) Canadian Instituta for Historical lyAicroraproductiont / institut Canadian da microraproductiona historiquas e\rkO Ttchniul and Bibliopraphic Notts / NoMs techniquM et bibliographiquM The Initjtute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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Original coplaa In printad papar covara ara fllmad beginning with tho front oovar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa- •ion, or tha back covar whan appropriate. All othar original copiaa ara filmad beginning on the firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impree- aion. and anding on tha leat page with a printad or illuatratad impraaaion. The laat recorded frame on each microfiche tholl contain the aymbd —^(meaning "CON- TINUeO"). or the aymbol V (meaning "END") whichever appiiea. Mapa. platee. charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one axpoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framae aa required. The following diagrama illuatrate the method: L'axemplaira fiimA fut reproduit grice i la g4n«rocit« da: BibliothAque Agriculture Canada Laa imagea auivantea ont «t« raproduitaa avac la plua grand aoin. compta tenu de le condition at do la nettet* do I'exemplaira film«. et m eonformit« avac lea conditions du contrat de flimage. Lea axemplairaa originaux dont la eouvarture w papier eat lmprim«e sent film«a ^n eommancant por le premier plat at an terniinant soit par la damiAre paga qui eomporta une amprainta d'impraeajon ou d'llluatration. soit par la second plat, salon la caa. Tous laa autros sxamplairas originaux sont fllmte an commandant par la premiere paga qui eomporta une amprainta dnmpraeaion ou d'illuatration at sn tarminant par ia demiere page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symbolee suivants apparaitra sur la damlAre image de cheque microfiche, aoion le caa: le symbols -♦ signifle "A SUIVRE" le symbols ▼ signifle "FIN". Lee eaites. planehea. tableeux. etc.. peuvant «tre nimoe « dee taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 4tra reproduit en un seul ciich*. il sst film* i partir da I angle sup4rieur gauche, de gauche k droite. at da haut tt baa. an pranant la nombra d'Imagee nAcessaira. Laa diagrammea suivants illuatrent la m4thoda. n 22X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1894 Exp. Farm Notes 2 'li 'if •■i-'! EXPERIMENTAL FARM NOTES No. 2. f I J" CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM DIVISION OF BOTANY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. POTATO BLIGHTS. PUBLISBBD By SIBIonoif 0' ^H. HoK. A. R. A»o..a. M„„,„. o. Ao«cu»ct.. OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1894. OENI fi There are fe of more loss to have been apth Eably Bmout confounded and and " Potato ri similar in genei the attaoIcH of t i^ „^^^^ Exp. Farm Notes 2 tXPERlMEm^^ NOTES OENTRAX EXPERIA^TAL FARM. (I>epartment of AgHculture.) DIVISION OF BOTANY. =E^OTJLTO~BLIGhH:TS. By James Pletchbb, F.R.8.C., P.L.S. of more tVe'r" '' Yn ""^^ "''^^ '^ '^' <^'-^ -"- .1.11. i™:^ Li" T™" « '"I '"-* ■"-.I... M ij ifcl no. I — THE EAKLT BLTOHT. (iBrnf/y lent hy Prof, L. R. Jones^^ N. 1. The Early Blioht. — This digease ib cansed by the fungus JIfacroaporium tolani, E. AM., ami ghows itself during the months of June and July, when greyish brown spots appear upon the older leaves. These goon become dry and crisp, and in bad cases the whole leaf is affected, so that nothing is left but the stems and the tubers stop growing. The appearance of this disease is well shown in fig. 1. FIO. 2.-THB LATH BLIGHT. {Kindly lent by Prof. L. R. Jones). 2. Tub Late Blight, Potato Rot. — This disease of the potato is due to the attack of a parasitic fungus, known by the name of Phytophthora infestam, D. By. The life history of this enemy is briefly as follows : The fungus passes the winter inside the potato tuber and is planted with it in the spring. As soon as the potato throws out its shoots, the parasite grows with it, running up through the tissues of the stems, and from about the end of July produces beneath the leaves an abundance of spores, or seed-like bodies. These are exceedingly minute, but are produced in such numbers that they frequently give a frost-like appearance to the under sides of the leaves. When these spores are produced on the leaves the appearance known as ** rust " shows itself in the shape of dark brown spots, as shown in fig. 2, which are paused by the drying up of the tissues, from the parasite having used up their contents. From the rust stage all future infection takes place. Some of the spores are carried by the wind and falling upon the leaves of other adjacent plants, produce more rust spots, while others fall reaching tl as seen in t is best kn tubers, and winter the diseased tic In this < about the fi is present ii few leaves i spreads rap of infectioi days, and a Careful e tops five or early in Jul; pears, for th 11 me, known can in a lar^ Co| Lin Wa To make . (blue vitriol) salt bag answ top of a coal that the bag the copper su vessel slake 4 thin whitewf remove all lui pour the lime the time. N< mixture is rea =^ -^^m^^m^^ fi 1 ^ ■ "" . i 1 m il ■. 1894 Exp. Farm Notes 2 others falling to the ground are washed beneath the surface, and reaching the forming tubers produce the rot sUge. The wet-rot as seen in autumn in the tubers, is the form of this disease which 18 best known, but Potato-rot is really a dry-rot which kills the tubers, and in autumn the wet-rot follows as a result of decay. In winter the disease occurs in the tuber«, as patches of hard, whitish, diseased tissue. ' In this district the rust stage does not generally appear until aboat the first of August and this is the first evidence that blight « present in the field. As a rule the dark spots appear only on a few leaves at first, but if the weather be favourable the disease spreads rapidly from spores carried by the wind from these centres of infection, so that a large field may become diseased in a few days, and as a result the crop of potatoes be ruined. REMEDY. Careful experiments have shown that by spraying the potato tops five or six times at intervals of about two weeks, beginning early in July, for the early blight, and at the time the rust first ap- pears for the potato-rot, with the mixture of sulphate of copper and lirae,known as the Bordeaux mixture, both of these injurious diseases can m a large measure be controlled. Bordeaux Mixture. Copper sulphate 6 pounds. Lime, fresh 4 ,« ^*^^ ..****'."!.*!45 gallons. To make Bordeaux mixture, take 6 pounds of copper sulphate (blue vitriol) and tie it up in a piece of thin cloth-an ordinary salt bag answers well-then suspend it from a stick laid across the top of a coal oil or other barrel half filled with clean water, so that the bag may be just beneath the surface of the water, when the copper sulphate will dissolve in an hour or two. In another vessel slake 4 pounds of fresh lime in sufficient water to make a thm whitewash. Strain this through a fine sieve or sack to remove a 1 lumps. When the copper sulphate is all dissolved, pour the hme wash into the barrel slowly, stirring the mixture all the time. Now fill up the barrel to the top with wat«r, and the mixture is ready for use. ■tv 4' 7b apply M. mi^r. U. the foli.ge, „„d.«bUKlVf *» ^» "f theJare not on l>.n,l. good r»« t. -''-^ J " " ^llZLing canH supplied with fine roscH. Ancrea eonvenient K„ap.«k S,.r.ye«. con.-, of . ''"'"^ZZv'Z^o tbe«= pump, which can be earned upon a m... .back. Bo. llind. of pump. e.„ be pureha«>d - »'»" »J.; ^ *^^,^ «, A areat «lyantage of thi« mixture i, that Pari. Green, the only A great aavaniage , po„,o.beetle, ean be applied at praetieal -""^^l"' *;^™"t„ra quarter to halt a po".nd of the ..me t.me Fo «» *";™' ' ^ „.^, . ^iek pa.te, and Paris Green with a nttie wawr bu » . Then add it to the 45 gallon, of Bordeaux mixture ; that ... „.!S in exactly the »m. .trength a. with plain water. "tl mlxtn're. muatbekept oonaUntly «''"^;^^';''-^71^ ru^^:\^r:ror-=rir^^^^^^ .ardir;7a-;^i:ryir:^^^^^^^ rpirr.ntr:^oieT:Lrc:K'r^.^! covered with the fungicidal preparation. The early blight in tM-partotC^.^^^^^^^^^^^ early in July and repeated every two week, at lea.t until the of August. J. FLETCHER, .~»no> Botanist. WM. SAUNDERS, ZHrector. Ottawa, July 1, 1894.