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WIDTH 3. ^/t,^^ m^^^ ^t. -. ^ Wl eCNT/UY. 97 p/nr. w/^rfif HOT patrecrir ^al t rotfAot^TAMer of $a Milts BCiewqvrtre. ^T.cttoix. *r. /^v«tr«>r/w 0r ADTOI/M. '^^ ''" ^ BBt ^ ' V/fAVIW BY ALrKSa ,9. WAVa ^ B06TOA-US. BosroN us. ;>.(lM9i(l*'IW*:*l»!l»: U-- j iii aa » M| i (> i W»WIi f»l» i n>ii ii<» < iiii niW Mii 'fi iii w i i ai [I m •C' •# m ^«' J- % — m ' . IX^- « •; ■/"^ f: i l'-- '* C ... , t. ,u.''' '^'*r s i» ^■^' .1 •' , ' "i.l. \ ri ' * i V>-)-',"':^'"»r -^ 1 t AT\ I J li. I :) ij J i ]/.. (1 ^ii V i^ i- .: t i 6 < » ■, ' ? ' I I O-'L «... : /-> 5 \ t .■>- > if I '"v* 1':/ ;l / J ii / ;m:#: xi-' HUNTER'S a i .fi.. , PANORAMIC GUIDE FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. BY ¥M. S. HUNTER, JR. f n MONTREAL: PUBLISHED BY BENJAMIN DAWSON BOSTON : JOHN P. JEWETT AND COMPANY. 1857. — iBflimiltll* niyi-'i'^ A t -;'•/{■ ',-.;■•■ -^7- ^rVV V ,"T '.x'k: ." ^r )'•'}' ^' n ;.>rj5 f^ orrfr:2,i"t- /■ Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857. by ^ ^ JOHN P. JEWETT AND COMPANY, In the Clerk'8 Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. In- '■ ',.1.;- , ; i; ■'"!'- =, ^■lU ■'\ ■" . f-"' L.v «. i[ -' - _ _ . ..■ • r ~y .-■ f! -■"' •• 'tj fl.i> ■• . si 'ISIR .,;', ■ ' ■1: "JTj :X''fi. 1 £lectTo>St«(eot;pcd by GEO. J. STILES. I 33 OancNM ItoMli Bmmd. J.t •!., ■ J .,' Cf.- • • u* ii; ::. •? 1 Oamrill ft Uooki, PrlnUri, 18 D*yonihlrt Stmt, OotMi. ;?')';nf li »u ^'Hi *4 - - -* PEEPACE. i f-,'1 : -/■ > / * A - ^ ;il2noJ;>i.TOD 'to imii c-srr urorr rii jOju'o ^^i^ "'1''^ HUNTER'S PANOEAMIC GUIDE. ;^ ,-i -^ ^'u^.U i J^ r -^ - )8 oldVitb; i:-;;; ■S3fyjp, hi\J.. kif-il h\ fhhhr oi xtoi: r- > r r APPROACH TO NIAGARA. The traveller in his first visit to this place is impressed with a sense of inexpressible ai..azement. His emotions are not unlike those ot the votary of necromancy, who, when once within the magic circle, trembles under the influence of the enchanter, even before he confronts the wizard himself. A low sound, like the pealing of distant thunder, tells him plainly that he is approaching the wonder of wonders, The Falls op Niagara ! _ HORSE SHOE FALL. -i •-■»' ' .- . /_. ' . . Who can forget his first view of this grand and stupendous spectacle? The roaring • ,^^'i ■ is so tremendous, that it Hipit'j? M would seem that if all I the lions that ever have ■•^^n! . 1 lived since the days of = £./^'7 1 Daniel, could join their ^H voices in one "Hullah's" 1 chorus, they would pro- duce but a whisper, in ■ comparison to the deep diapason of this most m '"' ' I , majestic of all nature's -1 1 pipes or organs. HORSE SHOB FALL. '?v?>£lT The wooden bridge which connects the mainland with Goat Island t 10 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE m f ^.\ Q V <', M ^ 02 M o a FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 11 ! ! 12 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GJJTDH 1 + THE BAPIDS. is eagerly passed, and we explore the whole of this curious crag, which is rightly named, for it is found fantastically enough to suggest that goats only could find a comfort- able footing. The sublimity of the scene increases at every step; but when we come upon the mighty Cata- ract, we gaze in speechless wonder. But words cannot describe the gran- deur of this scene, nor the emotions which it excites ; neither can the pencil, any more than the pen, do it justice. The silent and the still picture wants the motion and the sound of that stupendous rush of waters. It is impossible to paint the ever rising column of spray that spires upward from the foaming gulf below, or the prismatic glory that crowns it; for there indeed has God forever " set his bow ** in the cloud, and cold must be the heart that in such a scene remembers not his covenant As neither descriptive language nor pictorial art can ^ve an ade- quate conception of the magnitude of this wondrous Cataract, some notion may be suggested of the immense volume of water falling over the precipice, when it has been computed to be nearly 20,000,- 000 cubic feet per minute, in the Horse Shoe Fall alone ; to say nothing of the Fall on the American side. The Horse Shoe Fall is 1900 feet across, and 158 feet in height; the American Fall is 908 feet wide, and 164 feet high. It is calculated that those Falls recede at the rate of a foot every year. It is here that the beauti- ful phenomenon of the rainbow is seen to such advantage. -^yf^j^^. TABLE ROCK. This is truly a magnificent crag, — the projection at the top being immense, from which large masses are often falling. Many acci- dents have happened to tourists venturing too near the precipice. A small steamer, called " The Maid of the Mist,** plies up and down the river, for two or three miles, and ventures even close under the Falls. Some travellers are also fond of dressing themselves in tarpaulin clothing, and going behind the projection of the impending FROM NlAOxVUA FALLS TO Qt'KBEC. 13 TABLE KOCK— NIAGARA FALLS f hi li * in II u HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE ENTHANCE TO THE CAVE OF THE WINDS. .ifUl cliff, behind the mighty Fall ; but the danger is, wc ( onsider, far too great for the mere sake of saying that we have been under Niagara. The Table Rock, however, exists now but in memory, for it suddenly fell some years ago. Had this accident occurred an hour or two earlier in the day, the Victoria Bridge, the Grand Trunk Railway, and all other Canadian undertakings thereunto pertaining, would be a dream of the future, and not a substan- tiality of the present ; for a very short time previous to the disappearance of the slippery granite, there were standing upon it, view- ing the Falls, the engineer of the Bridge, and several of his colleagues in the enter- prises that have been mentioned. About three miles below the Falls is a frightfully wild spot, ijw* V '^ •i'^i __^^^^^^__^ ^^Ijg^ ^j^g Whirlpool. The ravine is termed the Bloody Bun, from a sanguinary en- gagement between two hos- [j tile Indian tribes. No hu- man eflfort could possibly rescue the unfortunate in- dividual who should happen to become entangled in the eddies of this pool. It is supposed that there is a subterraneous current from this sp6t Between it and the Falls there was a temporary suspension bridge ; but it has been superseded by a stronger one for the Great Western Railway of Canada. Close to the Falls is a very fine hotel, situated on the Canadian side, from whence the two Falls may be seen to great advantage ; although the choicest point of view we consider to be above the Falls altogether. Nothing can exceed the grandeur of the view here ; and, to repeat a former remark, no art or description can fully realize the beauty and sublimity of the scene. FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 15 oot'u^.i<>MaiJooew.THE DEVIL'S HOLE ,t %Ht is a large triangular chasm in the bank of the river, three and a half miles below the Falls. The Bloody Run, as previously men- tioned, falls into this chasm. . , r . « The following tale will, we think, be read with interest, in connec- tion with Niagara. '»•' ^^xJ ^Ia THE HERMIT OF THE FALLS. M)out twenty-five years since, in the glow of early summer, a young stranger of pleasing countenance and person made his appearance at Niagara. It was at first conjectured that he was an artist, a large portfolio, with books and musical instruments, being among his baggage. He was deeply impressed with the majesty and sublimity of the Cataract and the surrounding scenery, and ex- pressed an intention to remain a week, that he might survey them at his leisure. But the fascination, which all minds of sensibility feel in the presence of that glorious work of the Creator, grew strongly upon him, and he was heard to say that six weeks were insuffi- cient to become acquainted with its beauties. At the end of that period he was still unable to tear himself away, and desired to " build there a tabernacle," that he might indulge in his love of solitary musings, and admire at leisure the sublimity of nature. He applied for a spot on the Three Sisters* Island, on which to erect a cottage after his own model ; one of the peculiarities of which was a draw- bridge, to insure isolation. Circumstances forbidding compliance with this request, he took up his residence in an old house on Iris Island, which he rendered as comfortable as the state of the case would admit. Here he remained about eighteen months, when the intrusion of a family interrupted his habits of seclusion and medita- tion. He then quietly withdrew, and reared for himself a less commodious habitation near Prospect Point. When winter came, a cheerful fire of wood blazed upon the hearth, and he beguiled the long hours of evening by reading and music. It was strange to hear, in such a solitude, thje long-drawp, thrilling notes of the viol, IB HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE ! or the softest melody of the flute, gushinrr forth from that low-browed hut, or the guitar breathing out so lightly amid the rush and thunder of the never slumbering torrent. Though the world of letters was familiar to his mind, and the living world to his observation, for he had travelled widely, both in his native Kurope and the East, he .sought not association with mankind, to unfold or to increase his stores of knowledge. Those who had occasionally conversed with him, spoke with equal surprise and admiration of his colloquial powers, his command of language, and his fervid eloquence ; but he seldom and sparingly admitted this intercourse, studiously avoiding society ; though thei*e seemed in his nature nothing of misanthropy or moroseness. On the contrary, he showed kindness to even the humblest animals. Birds instinctively learned this amiable trait in his character, and freely entered his dwelling, to receive from his hands crumbs or seeds. But the absorbing delight of his solitary residence, was commu- nion with Niagara. Here he might be seen at every hour of the day or night, a fervent worshipper. At the gray dawn he went to visit it in the vail of mist ; at noon, he banqueted in the full splendor of its glory ; beneath the soft tinting of the lunar bow he lingered, looking for the ang<;l whose pencil had painted it ; and, at solemn midnight, he knelt at the same shrine. Neither the storms of autumn, nor the piercing cold of winter, prevented his visits to the temple of his adoration. There was, at this time, an extension of the Serappin Bridge, by a single beam of timber, carried out ten feet over the fathomless abyss, where it hung tremulously, guarded only by a rude parapet. Along this beam he often passed and re- passed, in the darkness of night. He even took pleasure in grasp- ing it with his hands, and thus suspending himself over the awful gulf; so much had his morbid enthusiasm taught him to revel amid the terribly sublime. Among his favorite gratifications, was that of bathing, in which he indulged daily. ' /' • -if'-J i. .ii"i^«'i'; .mi lot One bright but rather chilly day in the month of June, 1831, a man, employed about the ferry, saw him go into the water, and for a long time after observed his clothes to be still lying upon the bank. The poor hermit had taken his last bath. It was supposed that +e FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO (JUKUEC. V ■^j; J):>iil^r m cramp might have bo(!n induced by tlie rhill of tlic atmoaphere or tlic water. Still the body wiw not Ibiuul, tlie depth and force of the current below being exceedingly great. In the course of their search, they i)asHed on to the Whirlp(K)l. Tliere, amid those boiling eddies, was the body, making fearful and rapid gyrations upon tlie face of the black wattirs. At some ])oint of suction, it suddenly plunged and disappeared. Again emerging, it was fearful to see it leap half its length above the flood, then float motionless, as if ex- hausted, and, anon, spring upward, and seem to struggle like a maniac battling with a mortal foe. For days and nights this terriblt^ scene was prolonged. It was not until the 21st of June, that, af\er many efforts, they were able to recover the body, and bear it to his desolate cottage. There they found his faithful dog, guarding the door. Heavily had the long period worn away, while he watched for his only friend, and wondered why he delayed his coming. He scrutinized the approaching group suspiciously, and would not wil- lingly have given them admittance. A stifled wail at length showed his intuitive knowledge of the master, whom the work of death had effectually disguised from the eyes of men. On the pillow was his pet kitten, and in different parts of the room were his guitar, flute, violin, portfolio, and books, scattered, — the books open, as if re- cently used. It was a touching sight ; the hermit mourned by his humble retainers, the poor animals that loved him, and ready to be laid by strange hands in a foreign grave. The motives that led this singular and accomplished being, learned in the languages, in the arts and sciences, improved by extensive travel, and gifted with personal beauty and a feeling heart, to seclude himself, in the flower of youth, from human society, are still envel- oped in mystery. All that is known was, that his name was Francis Abbot, that he was a native of England, where his father was a clergyman, and that he had received from thence ample remittances for his comfort. These facts had been previously ascertained, but no written papers were found in his cell to throw additional light upon the obscurity in which he had so effectually wrapped the history of his pilgrimage. The lovers of romance have, however, idertified his history with that of the hero of several modern tales, in which, as a matter of course, it is asserted that * * ♦ 2* I i i i ■■■ 18 huntj:r's panoramic guide NIAGARA CITY. From the beautiful view here obtained of the Falls, this place was formerly called Bellevue. The village has mostly grown up since the time of the erection of the Suspension Bridge, at this point. The population now numbers about 1200, and is rapidly increasing. A grist mill has been erected near the Bridge, the water-wheel of which is placed beneath, requiring a shaft 280 feet long to commu- nicate with the mill, on the top of the bank. The town contains many fine buildings j prominent among these is a very large Rail- road Depot. Niagara City has grown so rapidly, and is still so much upon the increase, that a general description only can be applie«i to it for any length of time. n'^ru^xi t>v,,a j^m - »ui;u ■ '- V. ■■ ■ "" " -!!;) J, LEWISTON. i J" This village is situated at the head of navigation, on the Lower Niagara, and is a place of considerable importance. It lies three miles below the Devil's Hole, and seven miles below the Falls. Lewiston is a pleasant, well built village, but its commercial pros- pects have been very much injured by the construction of the Erie and Welland Canals. .,f r .') ' .»^dfi/ udx .-^ THE SUSPENSION BRIDGE, ' at this point, is one of the most stupendous works of the age. The span of this Bridge is one thousand and forty-five feet. It is carried over large towers of cut stone, and > >^ secured by anchors sunk firmly into the solid rock. It is supported by five cables upon each side. Each cable is composed of 250 strands of number ten wire, 1245 feet in | length. The extreme capacity of "^ the bridge is estimated at eight hundred and thirty-five tons. This bridge was erected in 1850, under " " "' ^"^^ the superintendence of E. W. Serrell, Esq., of Canada East, and is the property of a joint company of Canadians and Americans. "^ *"•* SUSPENSIOX BRIDGE. FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 19 .IliiU H'ir.UiJU QUEENSTON. -^..This is a small village, situated nearly opposite to Lewiston, and contains about 200 inhabitants. It is the Canadian termination of the Bridge, and is associ- ated in history with the gallant defence made by the British, on the ad- jacent heights, in the war of 1812. The village is pleasantly situated, but it has suffered from the same causes that have retarded the growth of Lewiston. QUEENSTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE. Near this point the river becomes more tranquil, the shores appear less broken and wild, and the change in the scenery affords a pleas- ing transition from the sublime to the beautiful. rv BROCK'S MONUMENT. » r r»„ > . This Monument stands on the Heights of Queenston, from whence the village derived its name. The present structure occupies the -- ^ =., site of the former one, which was blown up by some miscreant, on the 17th of April, 1840. The whole edifice is one hundred and eighty-five feet high. On the sub-base, which is forty feet square and thirty feet high, are placed four lions, facing north, south, east, and west ; the base of the ped- estal is twenty-one and a half feet square, and ten feet high; the pedestal itself is sixteen feet square, and ten feet high, sur- mounted with a heavy cornice, ornamented with lion heads and wreaths, in alto-relievo. In ascending from the top of the pedestal to the top of the base of the shaft, the form changes from square to round. The shaft is a fluted column of RUIN OF THE OLD BROCK MONUMENT. 20 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE freestone, seventy-five feet high and ten feet in diameter ; on which stands a Corinthian capital, ten feet high, on which is wrought, in relief, a statue of the Goddess of War. On this capital is the dome, nine feet high, which is reached by 250 spiral steps from the base, on the inside. On the top of the dome is placed a colossal statue of Gen. Brock. ^ijr:iy] -■?. ,1olnr luti)iii!'^(3 .o'»rtRiiirr»» atf ,tf: .vv»v>r£v'^oi'rRtrfO a'Jfj.T lo -rho6 fiMhxjWiO ft^t!n'f i-r FORT NIAGARA,,.»:i' n.rr j^'ft-v-f vhcms This Fort stands at the mouth of the Niagara River, on the Amer- ican side. There are many interesting associations connected with this spot; as, during the 'earlier part of the past ^v century, it was the scene ^ of many severe conflicts between the Whites and the Indians, and subse- quently between the Eng- lish and the French. The names of the heroic La I .iter^;) Salle, the courtly De Nou- ville, and the gallant Prideaux, will long retain a place in the his- tory of this country. The village adjacent to the Fort is ^nlled Youngstown, in honor of its founder, the late John Young, Esq. - FORT NIAGARA. K(v^.>4u--.u:to- • NIAGARA. This is one of the oldest towns in Uppei^ Canada, and was formerly the capital of the Province. It is sit- uated where the old town of Newark stood, and is opposite to Youngstown. It faces the river on one side, and Lake Ontario on the other. The trade of this place has been diverted to St. Cath- erine's, since the completion of the Welland Canal ; and the other towns upon the Viagara River have suffered in common, from the same cause. FORT MASSA8AUOA. 1^ on which rought, in the dome, L the base, 3sal statue Mil m J. lo Ybod the Amer- ected with luring the the past the scene e conflicts Whites and nd subse- 1 the Eng- snch. The heroic La y De Nou- in the his- ■t is ^'alled g, Esq. IS formerly FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 21 ihld'rr no i 'i':>i'nfmib ni i'j*i\ TORONTO *'''-^^ O'/li-vjri'jvcf'^ JHti^ir-fry-i iii .iiiQiKn/i Ki d'tidtt n«» .-A .hiiuji-j ffiihi.mi ;■;>') r -t ir' ■ the Capital City in Upper Canada, is situated on an arm of Lake Ontario, thirty-six miles from the mouth of Niagara River. Tliis city was formerly called Little York. The first survey was made in 1793. Toronto Bay is a beautiful inlet, separated from the main body of Lake Ontario, except at its entrance, by a long, narrow, sandy beach. The south-western extremity is called Gibraltar Point. The population, in 1817, was 1200; but, at the present time, it amounts to about 60,000. With a similar progress for a few years to come, the population of this city will be second to none in British America. Among the principal buildings of Toronto, are a Uni- versity and a CathedraL One of the ecclesiastical edifices deserves especial notice, — the Church of The Holy Trinity ; a handsome structure, erected by a donation of five thousand pounds from some liberal person from England, on condition that the whole of the seats should be free. The Elgin Association, for improving the moral and religious condition of the colored population, is among the most useful institutions of the place. That stupendous undertaking, the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, passes through Toronto, and promises a splendid future, not only for this city, but for every other city in the country ; for the benefits to be derived from it are incal- culable. Nature has bestowed fine rivers and vast lakes, which have already been made fully subservient to commerce ; but how wonder- fully will commerce be advanced by the linking of these lakes and rivers by means of rraiways. Thus will be constituted one great unbroken medium of speedy communication from the far "West of America to the shores of the Atlantic* T »' iAUOA. 1 the same r LAKE ONTARIO. V This wonderful sheet of fresh water is 235 feet above the level of the sea, 100 fathoms deep, 200 miles long, and 60 miles wide ; therefore, in crossing it, one necessarily loses sight of land altogether. Nothing can be more delightful than sailing on its magnificent •7 #' * For further particulars respecting this city, see McKay's Stranger's Guide. I ?t li»; ri ' 22 iU (S'lgf.; -^♦'"HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE iir'''^ i^o ii; ff:>iJvr Jr. i; T,rrf btfSi i'"\'.;'xteoJb UJ uv/*U ^iX FROM NIAGARA FALL3 TO QUEBEC. 23 bosom, on a beautiful summer night ; but when the storm arises, its placid character is gone, and we are made to feel that it is a sea in power, and may be so in swift destructiveness ; for in these land-locked basins shipwrecks often occur, not merely of the frail barks of commerce, but even of the stout-built man of war, should she, when caught in one of the fierce gales which so suddenly sweep the lake, be unable to run for her harbor. The harbor of British armed vessels, in the waters of this lake, is Kingston. LAKE ONTARIO FBOM NIAGARA HIVEB. LAK£ ONTARIO STEAMER. PORT HOPE 1 ■ V' :.k-' I is situated sixty-five miles from Toronto. A small stream, which here falls into the Lake, has formed a valley, in which the town is located. The harbor formed at the mouth of this stream is shallow, but safe and commodious. Port Hope is a very pretty town ; on the western side, the hills rise gradually one above another. The highest summit, which is called " Fort Orton," affords a fine prospect, and overlooks the country for a great distance around. The village is mcorporated, and contains about 2200 inhabitants. COBOURG lies seven miles below Port Hope, and contains 4000 inhabitants. The town contains seven churches, two banks, three grist mills, two u HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE i ) foundries, and the largest cloth factory in the province. It is also the seat of Victoria College and a Theological Institute. Midway between Port Hope and Cobourg is "Duck Island," on which a lighthouse is maintained by the ^vernment. ';,-:3 KINGSTON. ■# .f KIIT08T0N. This place was called by the Indians, " Gataracqui" A settle- ment was begun by the French, under De CourcelleB, as early as 1672. The Fort, which was finished the next year, was called Fort Frontenac, in honor of the French count of that name. This Fort was alternately in the possession of the French and the Indians, until it was destroyed by the expedition under Col. Bradstreet, in 1758. In 1762, the place fell into the hands of the English, from ^ whom it received its present name. Kingston is one of- the moat important military posts in Canada. It is one hundred and ten miles from Cobourg, and contains about 11,000 inhabitants. , , [Before proceeding down the St. Lawrence, we will retrace our steps, and briefly notice the places on the American side of Lake Ontario.] CHARLOTTESVILLE ,. - is situated at the mouth of the Gennesee River, and is the port of entry for Rochester. It is seventy-five miles from the mouth of the Niagara. The Gennesee is navigable by steamers to Carthage, five miles from its mouth. At Carthage, passengers can take omnibuses to Rochester, two miles distant.' ■'' ■■\ OSWEGO is the next port, after passing Charlottesville. It is ft beautiful and flourishing town, and contains a population of about 15,000. It is FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 25 ice. It is also ute. Midway " on which a ^*." A settle- ei5, as early as rad galled Fort is the port of e mouth of the Carthage, five take omnibuses a beautiful and 15,000. It is i 'a c t 14 ^A HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE ' I the commercial centre of a fertile and wealthy part of the country, and is the terminus of a railroad and a canal, con- necting it v;ith Syracuse and the New York Cen- tral Railway. The his- tory of this place is asso- ciated with many hard battles, fought during the time of the Indian and the French wars. cape bt. tincent bailboad depot. SACKETT'S HARBOR. This place is situated about forty-five miles from Oswego, and twenty miles from the St. Lawrence. It lies upon the north-eastern shore of Lake Ontario, and derives its name from Mr. Sackett, of Jamaica, L. I., who purchased and took possession of it in 1799. It is admirably fitted, from its position, for a naval station, and is now the seat of a military post, called "Madison Barracks.*' -o/jb iwrni THE THOUSAND ISLANDS *^*^*<^ are amongst the wonders of the St Lawrence ; situated about six miles below Kingston. There are, in fact, no less than 1800 of these " emerald gems in the ring of the wave," of all sizes, from the islet •.>feai4Mr FOBT HENRY — MARTELLO TOWER CEDAR ISLAND. TfYTOl LIGHTHOUSE ON ONE OF THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. a few yards square, to miles in length. It is a famous spot for sporting; myriads of wild fowls of all descriptions may here be FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 27 [>AD DEPOT. found; and angling is rather fatiguing than otherwise, from the great quantity and size of the fish. These islands, too, have been the scene of most exciting romance. From their great number, and the labyrinth-like channels among them, they a£forded an admirable retreat for the insurgents in the last Canadian insurrection, and for the American sympathizers with them ; who, under the questionable name of " patriots," sought only to embarrass the British Govern- ment.^ Among these was one man, who, from his daring and ability, IT/-) VIEWS AMONO THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. became an object of anxious pursuit to the Canadian authorities ; and he found a safe asylum in these watery intricacies, through the devotedness and courage of his daughter, whose inimitable manage- ment of her canoe was such, that through hosts of pursuers she baffled their efibrts at capture, while she supplied him with provi- sions in these solitary retreats, rowing him from one place of con- cealment to another, under shadow of the night. But, in truth, all the islands, which are so numerously studded through the whole chain of those magnificent Lake^, abound with materials for romance and poetry. For instance, in the Manitoulin Islands, in Lake Huron, the Indians believe that the Mamtou, that is, the Great Spirit (and hence the name of the islands) has forbidden his chil- dren to seek for gold ; and they tell you that a certain point, where it is reported to exist in large quantities, has never been visited by the disobedient Indian without his canoe being overwhelmed in a tempest. ' — -- CLAYTON. %_ This village is situated on the American side, opposite to the ^f Thousand Islands/' and is of considerable importance as a lumber .r^rjHUNTLR'S PANORAMIC GUIPE station. Square timber and staves are here made up into large rafta, and floated down the St. Lawrence to Montreal and Quebec. These rails are often very large ; and as ihey require a great number of men to navigate them, the huts erected for their shelter give them, as they pa^s down the river, the ^^.ppearance of small villages. Many of the steamers and other crafl that navigate Lake Ontario are built here. •^ruivrjnifumtn ^-^t&l /j^nowd >w«« ALEXANDRIA BAY'^JirO asfuvt ohsnwf is the next port, after leaving Clayton. It is built upon a massive pile of rocks, and its situation is romantic and highly picturesque. It is a place of resort for sportsmen. Some two or three miles below the village, is a position from whence one hundred islands can be seen at one view. ,,^ ^^^, , ^,. ...i^io jji^ijji^,^, , i^nmsi^ ai BROCKVILLE. '^^' ani»^i«< o f)ffB tiij^-rutf This village was named in honor of General Brock, who fell on Queenston Heights, in the war of 1812. It is situated on the Canar dian side of the St. Lawrence, and is one of the pleasantest villages in the province. It is situated at the foot of the Thousand Islands, on an elevation of land which rises from the river in a succession of ridges. The town was laid out in 1802, and is now a place of con- siderable importance. The present population is about 2500. . OGDENSBURGH. Wo In the year 1748, the Abbe Francois Piquet, who was afterwards styled the " Apostle of the Iroquois," was sent to establish a mis- sion at this place, as many of the Indians of that tribe had miuii- fested a desire of embracing Christianity. A settlement was began in connection with this mission, and a fort, called ** La Presentation,'* was built at the mouth of the Oswegatchie, on the west side. The remains of the walls of this Fort are still to be seen. In October, 1749, it was attacked by a band of Indians from the Mohawks, who, although bravely repulsed, succeeded in destroying the pallisades of the fort, and two of the vessels belonging to the colony. The Abbe Piquet retired from the settlement soon after the defeat of Mont- calm, and finally returned to France, where he died in 1781. niHHf tvl *^\ "S*"-*-""?** FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 29 to large rafts, ibec. These ,t number of ir give them, lall villagea. Lake Pja.tjwlo son a massive Y picturesque. >r three miles ed islands can ;i.> i. jk, who fell on id on the Cana^ jantest villages lusand Islands, a succession of a place of con- >"» 2500. ;^ was afterwards sstablish a mis- ribe bad nwufii- nent was began a Presentation,'* vest side. The In October, Mohawks, who, the pallisades of my. The Abbe defeat of Mont- is 1'^^- brtiUKr n ' In describing the situation of the ground on the east side of the river, opposite to his fort, the Abbe, with his accustomed discrimina- tion, remarked : " A beautiful town could hereafter be built here." This prediction has been fully verified ; and the village of Ogdens- burgh now occupies this site. It is a flourishing town. It has increased rapidly within the few past years, and will doubtless become a large manufacturing place. Tlie Northern Railroad, which runs to Lake Champlain, a distance of one hundred and eighteen miles, and which connects at Rouse's Point with the railroads to Boston and Montreal, has its terminus here. PRESCOTT r. is situated on the Canada side of the St. Lawrence, opposite Ogdens- burgh, and contains about 3000 inhabitants. Previous to the open- ing of the Rideau Canal between Kingston and Ottawa City (formerly Bytown), Prescott was a place of importance in the carrying trade between Kingston and Montreal ; but since that event its growth has been checked. Matters have, however, again changed, and for Prescott there are prospects of brighter days to come. Through the influence, and energy, and untiring perse verence of Robert Bell, Esq., of Ottawa City, a railroad has been built, under almost insurmountable obstacles, which extends from Ottawa City to Prescott, and there connects the Ottawa River with the St. Law- rence. The enterprise has, thus far, more than realized the most sanguine hopes of its projector. About a mile below the town of Prescott, at a place called " Wind- mill Point," are the rains of an old stone windmill, in which, in 1837, the "Patriots," under Von Shultz, a Polish exile, established themselves, but from which they were driven with severe Ipss. About five miles below Prescott is Chimney Island, on which the remains of an old French fortifica- tion are to be seen. The first rapid of the St. Lawrence, is at tliis island. .8* TO WINDMILL POINT. I, I 80 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE ^ i ,ik i The next town on the American side is Woddington ; and in the river, over against it, is Ogden Island. On the Canada side is Morrisburg, formerly called West Williamsburg. It is called the Port of Morristown, and ccmtains about two hundred inhabitants. GALLOPS RAPIDS. CHRYSELER 8 FARM. ( A short distance below Morristown, on the Canada side, is Chryse- ler's Farm, where, in 1813, a battle was fought between the En- glish and the Americans. The Americans were commanded by Gen. Wilkinson, and were at that time descending the river to attack Montreal. The attempt was afterwards abandoned. Thirty miles below Ogdensburgh is Louisville, from whence stages run to Massena Springs, distant seven miles. u ,u LONG SAULT. This is a continuous rapid of nine miles, divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ; but examinations have been made, and it is now de- scended with safety. The passage in the southern channel is very narrow, and such is the velocity of the current that a raft, it is said, will drift the nine miles in forty minutes. V DESCENT OF THE RAPIDS. This is the most exciting part of the whole passage of the St. Lawrence. The rapids of the " Long Sault " rush along at the rate of something like twenty miles an hour. When the vessel enters within their influence the steam is shut off and she is carried FKOM NUGABA FALLS TO QUEBEC. .'> lr^r » '"T the centre by le south side. id unsafe and it is now de- hannel is very raft, it is said, age of the St. ong at the rate e vessel enters she is carried GO A* < H to o to to H CO O o to to <^ CO CQ U •< H CO 32 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE ^ ii':>I;->»v ;;:-^ri.^.k..\ ,_-:;i I 'UUf .11') joJxil h ami rtob . Ill ■)ii\ |.!J1 ...I J BATISTE, AN INDIAN PILOT, STEERING A STEAMER • DOWN THE RAPIDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE. '"1 "^0 •?'.')! ,yj*vvf 'III f»>h»f«£nsh FROM NUGABA FALLS TO QUJEBEC. 33 STEAMER LONG "-AULT BAPIDS. onwards by the force of the stream alone. The surging waters present all the angry appear- ance of the ocean in a storm ; the noble boat strains and labors : but, unlike the ordi- nary pitching and tossing at sea, this going down hill by water produces a highly nov- el sensation, and is, in &ct^ a service of some danger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the imagination by the tremen- dous roar of the headlong, boiUng current. Great nerve, and force, and precision ai*e here requfa«d ia piloting, so as to keep the vessel's head straight with the course of the rapid ; for if she di- verged in the least, presenting her side to the current, or " broached to," as the nautical phrase is, she would be in- stantly capsized and sub- merged. Hence the neces- viBw IK THE LONG BAULT. gjjy fQp euormous powcr over her rudder ; and for this purpose the mode of steering affords great facility, for the wheel that governs the rudder is placed ahead, and by means of chain and pulley sways it. But in descending the rapids a tiller is placed astern to the rudder itself, so that the tiller can be manned as well as the wheel. Some idea mav be entertained of the peril of descending a ra^'Iu, when it requires four men at the wheel and two at the tiller to ensure safe steer- ing. Here is the region of the dar- ing raftsmen at whose hands are demanded infinite courage and skill ; and, despite of both, loss of life frequently occurs. BAFT DESCKXniNO THE RAPIDS. 'i d4 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE .^JAKAO >i'>V^'4flW> J .T8 I J \ FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 35 ST. LAWRENCE CANALS. Gallops Canal, - "^ .^- . - . - Point Iroquois Can^.', ------ Rapid Piatt Canal, Farren's Point Canal ------ Cornwall Canal, Long Sault, - - - - Beauhamois Canal, Coteau, - - - - Cedars, Split Rock, Cascade Rapids, La Chine Canal, La Chine Rapids, Fall on portions of the St. Lawrence be- tween canals from Lake Ontario to ® Montreal, From Montreal to tide water at Three ^ Rivers, --- o ' Miles. JjOcks. 2 2 3 1 4 2 1 1 114 7 Hi 9 8i 5 41 27 L. Ft. 8. G. ll.G 4. 48. 82.6 44.9 17. 12.9 ^The St. Lawrence canal was designed for paddle steamers, but from the magnitude of the rapids and their regulai* inclination the aid of the locks is not required in descending the river. Lai' all the rapids a depth of ten feet water, when the whole descending trade by steam will keep the river, leaving the canals to the ascending craft. m 86 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE m CORNWALL. .rff This is a pleasant town, situated at the foot of the Long Sault, on the Canada side. Here vessels are passed up the river by the Cornwall canal, and come out into the river about twelve miles above. The boundary line between the United States and Canada passes near this village, and the course of the St. Lawrence is here- after within Her Majesty's domlrions. ST. REGIS is an old Indian village, and lies a little below Cornwall, on the opposite side of the river. It contains a C&tholic church, which was built about the year 1700. While the building was in progress, the Indians were told by their priest that a bell was indispensable in their house of worship, and they were ordered to collect furs suf- ficient to purchase one. The furs were collected, the money was sent to France, and the bell was bought and shipped for Canada ; but the vessel which contained it was captured by an English cruiser, and taken into Salem, Massachusetts. The bell was afterwards purchased for the church at Deerfield. The priest of St Regis, having heard of its destination, excited the Indians to a general crusade for its recov^.ry. They joined the expedition fitted out by the governor against the New England colonists, and proceeded through the then long, trackless wilderness, to Deerfield, which they attacked in the night. The inhabitants, unsuspicious jf danger, were aroused from sleep only to meet the tomahawk and scalping-knife of the savages. Forty-seven were killed, and one hundred and twelve taken captive; among whom were Mr. Wil- liams, the pastor, and his family. Mrs. Williams being at the time feeble, and not able to travel with her husband and family, was killed by the Indians. Mr. Williams and a part of his surviving family afterwards returned to Deerfield, bat the others remained with the Indians, and became connected with the tribe. The Rev. Eleazar Williams, one of the supposed ^descendants from this family, ST. REGIS INDIANS. . i FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 87 g Sault, on ver by the jelve miles ind Canada ace is here- has been mysteriously identified with the lost Dauphin of France. The Indians, after having completed their work of destruction, fast- ened the bell to a long pole, and carried it upon their shoulders a distance of nearly one hundred and fifty miles, to the place where Burlington now stands ; they buried it there, and in the following spring removed it to the church at St. Regis, where it now hangs. v^all, on the I, which was )rogress, the 5t that a bell i of worship, ect furs suf- le furs were i to France, shipped for contained it cruiser, and t3. ThebeU le church at legis, having i the Indians le expedition colonists, and to Deerfield, suspicious jf )mahawk and lied, and one ere Mr. Wil- ig at the time 1 family, was his surviving era remained e. The Rev. this family, LAKE ST. FRANCIS y-'^This is the name of that expansion of the St. La\vrence which begins near Cornwall and St. Regis, and extends to Coieau du Lac, a distance of forty miles. The surface of this lake is interspersed with a great number of small islands. The village of Lancaster is situated on the northern side, about midway of this lake. ■ •ii-'^■■' ■.ffe ^■v COTEAU DU LAC is a small village, situated at the foot of Lake St Francis. The name, as well as the style of the buildings, denotes its French origin. Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. CEDARS. This village presents the same marks of French origin as Coteau du Lac. In the expedition of Gren. Amherst, a detachment of three hundred men, that were sent to attack Montreal, were lost in the rapids near this place. The pas- sage through these rapids is very exciting. There is a peculiar mo- tion of the vessel, which in descend- ing seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to another. In passing the rapids of the Split Rock, a person unacquainted with the navigation of these rapids will ffimost involuntarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running directly upon it, and you feel CEDAR BAPIDS. i, i; I *Nf UUXTKll'S PANORAMIC GLIDE h L. > I'.ii' '.tf. .:'■ \ulai\i a« ffiB fi 81 V 'lit 'jto. i- FROM NLVGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 39 certain that she will strike ; but a skilful hand is at the helm, and in an instant more it is passed in safety. BEAUHARNOIS is a small village at the foot of the Cascades, on the south bank of the river. Here vessels enter the Beauharnois canal, and pass around the rapids of the Cascades, Cedars, and Coteau, into lake St. Francis, a distance of fourteen miles. On the north bank, a branch of the OttaWa enters into the St. Law- rence. The river again widens into a lake called the St. Louis. From this place a view is had of Montreal Mountain, nearly thirty miles distant. In this lake is Nun'^ Island, which is beautifully cultivated, and belongs to the Gray Nunnery, at Montreal. There CASCADES FROM ENTRANCE TO BEAUHARNOIS CANAL. ■*' ^ NUN S ISLAND. are many islands in the vicinity of Montreal belongmg to the dif- ferent Lv-ineries, aad from which they derive large revenues. LA CHINE. This village is nine miles from Montreal, with which it is con- nected by railroad. The La Chine Rapids begin just below the town. The current is here so swift and wild that to avoid it a canal has been cut around these rapids. This canal is a stupendous work, and reflects much credit upon the energy and enterprise of the people of Montreal. II J." HUNTEIt'S PANORAMIC GUIDE '^\ { ..^ A CAUGHNAWAGA. F m CAUGHNAWAGA VILLAGE. ^1^ ^ S This is an Indian village lying on the south bank of the river, near the entrance of the La Chine Rapids. It derived its name from the Indians that had been converted by the Jesuits, who were called *^CaughnawagcUf* or ** pray- ing Indians.*' This was prob- ably a misnomer, for they were distinguished for their predatory incursions upon their neighbors in the New England provinces. The bell that now hangs in their church was the "proceeds" of one of these excursions. The village of La Prairie is some seven piiles below Caughnawaga. MONTREAL, the largest and most populous city in British North America, is situated upon the island of the same name, in latitude 45 deg. 31 min. north, and longitude 63 deg. 34 min. west, from Greenwich. Includirg the suburbs, it covers an area of about one thousand and twenty acres, of which the ground within the old fortification does not comprise much more than one tenth part. Jacques Cartier, the first European who explored this country, ascended the St. Lawrence in 1535, and found, at this place, a large Indian villp^e, called Hochelaga. It was on the site of this village that M. d(j Maissoneuve, in 1642, founded the dty, which for a long time bore the name of " Ville Maries" having been dedicated to the Virgin Mary as its patroness and protector. Although this place advanced rapidly into prosperity and importance, its growth was not unattended with those savage cruelties so fatally incident to the early settlements on this continent. In the summer of 1668, a party of Iroquois Indians, the inveterate enemies of the French, stealthily landed their canoes upon the island, and cruelly massacred men, women, and children, to the number of more than ten thou- sand. Only three of the confederate Indians, it is said, were lost in this scene of misery and desolation. It was soon peopled again, ' the river, name from were called or ** pray- 3 was prob- , for they I for their ons upon I the New The bell ;heir church Is" of one seven miles America, is J 45 deg. 31 Greenwich. ae thousand fortification his country, lace, a large ' this village ;h for a long icated to the 1 this place growth was cident to the of 1668, a the French, [y massacred m ten thou- were lost in opled again, FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 41 c H f ^ 1 no im '^y.: •' 'ill I I'l Hi ■ iWrl;'.''l(i.i;'ii!;! p Jllwi,,',';!'!! ■■ Mmm m.; "'f'' .'II ■'ij'.„]Miii ' I ;'ji ,;, I- .,1,1 i'r ',!'!■: 111. ■' I "I'l l'' '^^"i:n;'\»..lll"'V',|i: i;t«^lfti i;;i:ii^'',ri?j|}i' ^lir'i mm ::::n.||i™|.M, ' V!: Il, 11. iJii l',' HlV ,: l; iiJ'm, i||.'. 'Hi 'I - I,.'. '^•,.V' 4. 1. ..''.■ '\r>}^:. .m i>il;j % 'f^ -5ii;r i! Ki ! 49 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE however, and continued, for a long time the head-quarters of the French forces in Canada. After the peace, in 1763, it was surren- dered to the English, who held it until 1775, when it was taken by the Americans under Gen. Montgomery. The Americans were not able to hold the place long, and soon surrendered it back to the English. ' , .(,yi Montreal is laid out in the form of a parallelogram. The streets, which are two hundred in number, intersect, each other at riglit angles. Notre Dame Street^ which is the principal street for retail business, is over three quarters of a mile in length. Great St. Ja^es Street is elegant and spacious, and is occupied principally by the banks and insurance companies. St. Paul Street is more than three quarters of a mile long ; the west end of it, and the streets which intersect it, being mostly taken up with wholesale warehouses. WcUer Streetf Commissioners J^reet, and Common Street, face the St. Lawrence, the entire length of the city, and exhibit a splendid front of cut stone warehouses, which has a very imposing effect. Mc Gill Street extends northward from the river to the Haymarket Square. It is a wide and pleasant street, and a large retail business is carried on in it. St, Antoine Street, Mountain Street, West Dorches- ter Street, Sherhrooke Street, and the streets and squares on Beaver Hill, contain many beautiful private residences and villas, and are considered the most fashionable part of the city. No one who visits this city should omit a ride around the Moun- tain. This is over a fine macadamized road, and passes many de- lightful residences. From the Mountain a nobler view is scarcely to be seen in the world. In the far distance tower the evergreen hills of Vermont ; a magnificent plain, stretching miles and miles on either hand, studded with cultivated farms; the splendid River St. Lawrence, two miles wide, intervening, crossed by the stupen- dous tubular railway Victoria Bridge, now being constructed here.* In the whole history of engineering there is nothing like so truly gi- gantic an undertaking. "When finished it will be not only among the greatest wonders of America, but of the world. It is the creation of the same genius which has already spanned the Menai Straits with that unequalled fabric which so amazes all beholders, as com- * See p. 48. FROM NIAOARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 43 bining the massive solidity of the pyramids with the aerial tracery of Saracenic architecture. The Britania tubular suspension bridge, as is well known, is so called from the Britania Rock, which stands in the centre of the Mcnai Strait. On this rock is built a tower two hundred feet above high water, and on it rest two lines of tubes, or hollow girders, strong enough to bear their weight and laden railway trains in addition, the ends reposing on the abutment on either shore, each tube being more than a quarter of a mile in length ; the interior height thirty feet at the Britania Tower diminishing to twenty-three at the abutments. Yet these dimensions, immense as they are, dwarf into Lilliputian insignificance beside the Titanic proportions of the Victoria Bridge. This structure will contain twenty-five arches, of the uniform span of two hundred and forty-two feet. The tube is iron, the rest solid masonry, including the piers jutting into the river on either side, each about half a mile long ; the centre arch will be sixty feet from the water level to the floor of the tube, which is twenty-five feet high and eighteen feet wide. It is cal- culated that each buttress will MONTREAL AND VICTORIA BRIDGE. have to bear the pressure of seventy thousand tons of ice, when the winter breaks up and the large ice-fields come sweeping down the St Lawrence. Hence the necessity for such buttresses being pecu- liarly designed for the purpose of effecting the disruption of those formidable assailants, and hence the necessity for the personal su- pervision of the work by Mr. Stephenson himself. How insignifi- cant seem many of the most celebrated engineering works of anti- quity beside an achievement of this nature. What a pigmy would not the Colossus' of Rhodes be, under whose legs a ship of that period (290 B. (- ) could pass in full sail, were he placed beneath the centre arch of Stephenson's much more colossal road, the Victo- ria Bridge ! In connection with this bridge. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada is, we consider, entitled to notice, on account both of its magnitude and importance. Includ- 44 UUNTEK'S JPANORAMIO GUID£ ! *?rtf N' ' i ' 41 i t. FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 45 ing the Atlantic and St. Lawrence portion, of whicli it has lately obtained a lease, its length when completed will bo 1112 miles« Upwards of 800 miles is now opened and in operation ; namely, from Portland to Montreal, 292 miles, and 100 miles from Richmond Junction to Point Levi, opposite Quebec ; from Point Levi to St. Thomas, 40 miles ; from Montreal to Toronto, C. W., #333 miles. Trains now run in summer from Quebec to Boston, via Portland (421 miles), in fifteen hours. Toronto can now be reached from Montreal in twelve or thirteen hours. The population on and within fifteen miles of the Gmnd Trunk Railway ia about a million and a half, and is rapidly increasing. Making the most ample allowance for competition by water, the average contribution of each resident within its influence (found to amount in the case of the United States railroads to $2.50 per annum), can fairly be estimated for the Grand Trunk at $1.G0 for each individual, which will give an annual income, from this source alone, of $2,400,000. Canadians are justly proud of this gigantic railway. Montreal being at the head of ship navigation, her local advan- tages for the purposes of trade are numerous. The completion of LIVEEPOOL AND MONTREAL SCREW STEAMER. the Grand Trunk Railroad and the ocean line of steamers, recently established between Montreal and Liverpool, has added greatly to its commercial importance. From whatever side the city is ap- proached, the scene is one of much interest. If from the St. Law- rence, the splendid towers of the cathedral, the tall spires of Christ Church, St. Patrick's Church, and several others, the elegant front 4G HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE .*! of the Bonsecours Market, and the long ranges of cut stone build- ings which front tlie river, form at once a " tout ensemble " which is perhaps unequalled in any 'it her American city. And, although the prospects from the land side ai*e not quite so imposing, they ai-e all agreeable; and that from Cote des Neiges road (which crosses the spur of the mountain that overlooks the city), is, taken alto- gether, one of the finest in this part of the world. , ., ., : The ]K)pulation of the city is about 65,000, and the number of inhabited houses about 8500. It is divided into nine wards, and is municipally governed by a mayor, aldermen, and council, elected by householders who pay an annual rent of $45 or upwards, or persons who own real estate producing half that amount of rent annually. . - PLACES OF INTEREST TO THE TRAVELLER. The new Court House, on Notre Dame street, nearly opposite Nelson's Monument. It is built of cut stone, in the Grecian Ionic style. Ground plan, three hundred by one hundred and twenty- five feet ; height, seventy-six feet. The new Post Office, Great St. James street, is a beautiful cut stone building of solid masonry, and reflects munh credit upon its architect, John Wells, Esq. The Merchants* Exchange, St. Sacrament street, in which edifice are several lines of telegraph offices, insurance oflices, reading- voom, &c. The Mechanics* Institute is one of the finest buildings in the city, built in the Italian style. The principal lecture-room is sixty by eigVity feet, with a height of eighteen feet, tastefully finished. One block from the Ottawa Hotel. The Mercantile Library Association occupy for the present the Odd Fellows' Hall, opposite the Mechanics' Institute, but are about building an edifice which will do credit to the merchants' clerks in the city. The Bank of Montreal is an elegant cut stone building of the Corinthian order, and reflects the highest credit upon the liberality of the managers of that institution. It is situated on the west side of the Place d'Armes. , ,.^ „, . . ♦ « FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 47 The City Bank, on the northeast side of the Bank of Montreal, is built in the Grecian style of architecture, and of cut stone. A splendid building. i«-* < i u>;j, -„, j;;^ .r La Banqiie du Pevple, on the southwest side of the Bank of Montreal, is worthy of note, and is also built of cut stone. ^ H; The Bank of British North America adjoins the Post Office, and is no less an object of pride. Like most of the public buildings, it is of cut stone, and built in the Grecian style of architecture. The Bonsecours Market, on St. Paul and Water streets, is a magnificent building in the Grecian and Doric style, erected at a cost of about three hundred thousand dollars. It has a front of three stories on "Water street, and two on St. Paul street. The upper part of the building is occupied by the various offices of the city. The City Council room is fitted up in the most elegant style. In the east wing of the building is a large hall, or concert room, capable of seating four thousand persons. ' ' * The St. AnviS Market, Foundling street, although not built in the style of the Bonsecours, is still a building that speaks well for the spirit which governs the city in the erection of its public buildings. The Gray Nunnery, on Foundling street, designed for the care of foundlings and the infirm. The Hotel Dieit Nunnery, on St. Joseph and St. Paul streets, de- signed for sick and diseased persons of all denominations and classes. The Academy of the Sisters of the Congregational Nunnery is a place well worthy of a visit by the traveller. Maria Villa Academy. — Tiiis institution is beautifully situated about three miles from the city, and was formerly the residence of the governor-general, Lord Elgin. It is better known by the name of " Monkland." Thfi French Protestant Mission Institute is situated nine miles from the city. It contains over a hundred pupils, under Mr. Iloux's direction. Mc Gill College. — This is an institution of very high repute. It was founded by the Hon. James McGill, who bequeathed a valuable est.ate and £10,000 for its endowment. The buildings for faculty of arts are delightfully situated at the base of the Mountain, and command an extensive view of the city and surrounding country. I 48 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE I i ! i^ The New City Water Works. Among the many enterprises, there are none which promise more general and useful advan- tages to the city, than the new works for supplying it with water. One of the greatest blessings is health, and nothing is more condu- cive to this than good pure water. This has now been secured by the erection of those works, which tap the St. Lawrence at the La Chine Rapids, some six miles above the city. These works will cost the city $1,000,000. The reservoirs are 200 feet above the level of the river, and contain twenty millions of gallons. Nelson^s Monument^ at Jacques Cartier Square, is an object of interest. It was erected in 1801, and is consequently somewhat dilapidated now. The Wharves of this city are unsurpassed by any on the Ameri- can continent. No traveller should fail of visiting this portion of the city, as the wide stone walls along the parapet, for a distance of over a mile, and the refreshing breeze from the river, render it de- lightful in the extreme. ■>.■.. . .- . .. - ... The La Chine Canal is among the public works particularly worthy of note, and of which the city may well feel proud. ■ - The Victoria Bridge^ now in progress, to cross the St. Lawrence, will be, when completed, the most stupendous structure in America. It will immensely advance the business prospects of Montreal, and will cost over $7,500,000. • -"f ^^v -vfti -y^i ^ - -'^ / f.» Mount Royal Cemetery is situated on the east side of the Moun- tain, and about two miles from the city. It is much visited by strangers. '■•■••■"■,'"'-••' ' '^(ft » .*•-'• .,0<'*^.,4, i w,^,,,,, ^ >i.{,,n.-ij. The Champ-de-Mars is a favorite promenade for citizens and strangers, being the general parade and review grounds of the mili- tary. . ' ' V. , . '-' .-.-I i^ -i ■ y. - The Place d* Amies is a handsome square, opposite the French Cathedral, surrounded by a neat iron railing, and tastefully laid out and planted with shade trees. In the centre of the square is a fountain. • >* t v .*. ♦ ... ..v "s'r.i^ ■ •' . ' The French Parish Church is situated in Place d'Armcs, and forms one of the most i)romincnt attractions to strangers. The corner stone of this church was laid in 1824, and it was opened for worship in 1829. It contains 1244 pews, and will seat over FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 49 8000 persons. The towers of the church are 290 feet in height. In the northeast tower is a chime of bells, while the northwest contains the monster bell, the largest in America, weighing 24,000 lbs. This tower is always open to the public, by payment of a small fee; from the top is presented a panoramic view of the Island of Montreal, and well repays the faliguc of the ascent II , The St. Patrick's Churchy situated on Lagauchetiere street. ♦ St. James or Bishop's Churchy Dennis street : a splendid building. The Bonsecours Churchy St. Paul street: the oldest church in the city. The Bishop's Cathedral, together with his residence, are erected on the site of the old Roman Catholic Cemetery, St. Antoine sub- urbs. Christ Church Cathedral (Protestant), on Notre Dame street, is a very fine building, capable of accommodating about two thousand persons, and is open daily for service throughout the year at 11 o'clock, A. M. On Sundays there are three services : viz., at half- past ten, A. M., at half-past one, P. M. (military service), and at three, P. M. The magnificent organ in this church was built in England, at a cost cf £1G00 sterling, and is the second largest in America. The following are the most prominent of the remaining Protes- tant Churches in the city: viz.. Trinity Church, St. Paul street; St. George's Church, St. Joseph street; St. Stephen's Church, Dal- housie street, Grifiintown ; St. Luke's Church, Quebec suburbs ; St. Thomas' Church, Quebec suburbs ; United Presbyterian Church, Lagauchetiere street ; American Presbyterian Church, Great St. James street ; St. Andrew's Church, Beaver Hall ; St. Paul's Church, Helen street ; Free Church, Coti street ; Old Scotch Kirk, St. Gabriel street; Zion Church, Radegonde street; Lutheran Church (German), Gosford street; Wesleyan Church, Great St. James street; Baptist Church, Helen street; Unitarian Cluirch, Beaver Hall ; French Evangelical Church, Dorchester street. i i m HOTELS. Montreal was formerly deficient in Hotels, but this defect has been remedied, and the city now abounds in fine ones, where every 5 50 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE { .M w V ■ i \ ■f comfort can be found, and where visitors are well accommodated ; amongst which are the Ottawa Hotel * and the St. Lawrence House, Great St. James street, the Montreal House, Custom House square, and the Donegana Hotel, Notre Dame street. The traveller who is desirous of spending an hour in perusing the popular literature of the day, or matters of a more serious nature, will find an ample assortment of either at the stores of 13. Dawson. George Sparkes, and E. Pickup. As a description of all the points of interest connected with the city of Montreal would of itself fill a, volume, and altogether tran- scend the limits of the present work, we have endeavored to present merely a brief outline or bird*8-eye view, which, imperfect soever it may appear, may, as we would hope, be of service to the traveller in his first visit to this place. In proceeding down the St. Lawrence, we pass the island of St. Helen, which lies opposite the lower part of the city of Montreal. The upper end of this island is covered with a fine grove of forest trees. The lower end is strongly fortified, and commands the i)as- sage of the river. A small rapid, called St. Mary's, is just below this island. LONGUEUIL : is a small village on the south bank of the river, three miles below Montreal. It is important only as being the present terminus of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Riiilroad. ! WILLIAM HENRY, ~i or Sorel, is situated at the junction of the Richelieu, the outh^t of Lake Champlain with the St. Lawrence. It is forty-five miles below Montreal, and is the first stopping-place for steamers on tlicir way to Quebec. The town is laid out in the form of a (iujulran«il(', and contains a number of good buildings, the principal of wiiich * "While tlic other first-class houses in Montreal afford, as we believe, every aeeotiiinochition iinil arc well sustained, we oonsider ourselves justified in rec- ommeJidinf? this hotel partienlarly to the notiee of visitors. Mr. llrownin^, the pr'^sent proprietor, is distinguished for his attention to the eomlbrt of his guests, and he spares no pains in "posting" them in all the interesting sights about the eity and its vicinity. The publisher of this work feels it a duty to the public to -jpcak in the highest terms of this establishment. FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 51 ommodated ; rence House, ^ouse square, perusing the rious nature, • B. Dawson. 3ted with the ojjether tran- ed to present feet soever it the traveller ; island of St. of ISIontreal. rove of forest ands the pas- is just b'■ n:; •!I ♦Vij, w an I'-. I 1' 'I 1 ;,, 1'; breadth is nine miles. It is quite shallow, except in a narrow chan- nel, which is now navijial in course of I ihle for vessels of six hiunln'd tons, and i? .g improved, so as to admit vessi-ls of one thousand 52 ,l; HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE :5 : [M' II ! tons ascending to Montreal. There are several islands at its west- ern extremity. Port St. Francis is a small village, situated on the south shore of Lake St. Peter's, eighty-two miles below Montreal. It is a place of but little importance. / \ / Iv J THREE RIVERS !^ ^^'^ \ is situated at the confluence of the rivers St. Maurice and St. Lawrence, ninety miles below Montreal, and the same distance above Quebec. It is one of the oldest settled towns in Canada, having beeii founded in 1618. It is well laid out, and contains many good buildings, KOMAN CATHOLIC PARISH CIIURCII. among which are the court house, the jail, the Roman Catholic church, the Ursuline convent, and the English and Weskyan chu relies. The population of Three Rivers is about 5500. BATISCAN is situated on the north shore of the river, one hundred and seven- tp^^n miles below Montreal. It is the last place at which the steam- ers stop before reaching Quebec. It is a place of little importance. In passing down the St. Lawrence from Montreal, the country upon its banks presents a sameness in its general scenery, until we approach the vicinity of Quebec. The villages and hamlets are decidedly French in character, and are generally made up of small Sr-N FUOM NIAC.ARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 53 buildings, the better class of which are painted white or whitewashed, with red roofs. Prominent in the distance appear the tile-covered •l/i'VUdold ^'' "^~- .ff ftvrt-vi' .-in.. I . \\(\>,\ \\u\ CANADIAN IIAIMTANS. spires of the Catholic churches, which are all constructed in that unique style of architecture so peculiar to that church. \ J: CANADIAN FARMHOUSE. The rafts of timber afford a highly interesting feature on the iTiVr»l'vj CANADIAN PRIEST. CANADIAN rKASANT. river as the traveller passes along. On each a shed is built fur the 54 HUNTEUS PANORAMIC GUIDE ^\ i k'^ H I li raftsmen, some of whom rig out their huge, unwieldy craft with gay streamers, which flutter from the tops of poles. Thus, when several of these rafts are grappled together, forming, as it were, a floating island of timber half a mile wide and a mile long, the sight is ex- tremely picturesque ; and when the voices of these hardy sons of the forest and the stream join in some of their Canadian boat songs, the wild music, borne by the breeze along the water, has a charming effect. Myriads of these rafts may be seen lying in the coves at Quebec, ready to be shipped to the differ- CANADIAN BOATMEN. Cnt partS of thc Worfd. QUEBEC, ^ ^ until recently the capital of United Canada, is situated on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, in lat. 46 deg. 48 min. north, and long. 71 deg. 15 min. west, from Greenwich. It was founded by Charlevoix, in 1608, on the site of an Indian village, called Stada- cona. It is the s3cond city in British America, and has a population of more than 45,000. The form of the city is nearly that of a triangle, the plains of Abraham forming the base, and the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles the sides. It is divided into two parts, known as the Upper and the Lower Towns, The Upper Town is strongly fortified, and includes within its limits the Citadel of Cape Diamond, which is known to be the most formidable fortress in America. The Lower Town is built upon a narrow strip of land which runs at the base of the cape and of the high ground upon which the Upper Town stands, and the suburbs of St. Roch's and St. John's extend along the river St. Charles and to the Plains of Abraham. Quebec was taken by the British and colonial forces in 1029, but restored to France in 1632 ; and was finally captured by "Wolfe in 1759, and, together with all the French possessions in North America, was ceded to Great Britain at the peace of 17 03. Quebec, including the city and suburbs, contains 174 streets ; among the principal of which are the following : — St. John's Street, which extends from Fabrique Street to St. John's Gate, in the Upper FROM NUGARA FALLS TO QUEBLC. ift with gay rhen scvenil er, forming, nber half a sight is ex- ile voices of i the stream boat songs, ►reeze along t. Myriads in tlie coves the diflfer- »i'. ■>, ♦i O ated on the II. north, and founded by called Stada- \ a population rly that of a id the rivers ded into two The Upper bs the Citadel dable fortress •row strip of ground upon »t. Roch's and the Plains of olonial forces lally captured possessions in ;e of 17G3. 174 streets ; John's Street, f in the Upper rr^-. ': 56 .Uj- HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE :ii k Town, and is occupied chiefly by retail stores ; St. Louis Street is a handsome and well built street, extending from the Place d'Armea to the St. Louis Gate, and is occupied principally by lawyers* offices and private dwellings ; D*Autueil Street faces th ii ^. V V^^ \^ ^>^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) -^•^.^ 1.0 1.1 fjo ■■■ hum mm J^ IIS lU u l» 12.0 IL25 II U M FhotDgraphic Sciences Corporalion ^^ \ ,v \ \ 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTfR.N.Y. 145M (716) S72-4S03 . I ^1 I \ p i i'-i i I 58 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE a neat cut stone building, erected in 1824. It is 74 by 48 feet, and the interior is handsomely fitted up. . ; .-ur/j -, St, Peter's Chapel is situated on St. Vallier street, St. Roch's, and is a neat plain structure, which will seat about 500 persons. :^i^< St. PauVs^ or The Mariner's Chapel^ is a small building near Dia- mond Harbor, designed principally for seamen, nuv -r Xw; . ..a \ -! St. Andrev^-s-Churchy in connection with the Church of Scotland, is situated on St. Ann's street, Upper Town. The interior is well fitted up, and will seat over 1200 persons. '■''» '; •' \\ >''iu\H foi • -io(i ^ St. John's Free Scotch Church is situated on St. Francis street, Upper Town. It is a neat plain structure, and will seat about 600 persons. ■-■'' * •■-i ■'•'■-. .■i.i-. -•! .. • .i>«.'if '\-. Oi.ti-iifni /. The Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislaus street, is a handsome Gothic building, erected in 1850. The interior is well fitted up, and it has a good organ. It will seat over 1000 persons. The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel is situated on D'Artigny street, and is a plain but substantial edifice. The Congregational Church, on Palace street. Upper Town, is a neat building of cut stone, erected in 1841, and will seat about 800 persons. The Baptist Church, on St. Ann street. Upper Town, is a neat stone building, and will seat over 400 persons. The other principal public buildings worthy of notice are : — ' The Hotel Dieu, Hospital and Church, which front on Palace street. Upper Town, and, connected with the cemetery and garden, cover an area of about ten acres. The buildings are spacious and substantial, and the Hospital has beds for about sixty sick. The General Hospital \% situated on the river St. Charles, in the St. Roch's ward. The Hospital, Convent, and Church are a hand- some quadrangular pile of stone buildings, well adapted to the pur- pose for which they are designed. The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden Street, Upper Town, was founded in 1641. A number of fine paintings are to be seen here, and application for admission should be made to the Lady Su- perior. -• ^-■•- . ■- ■ - - • .;;ji-«>r. i^HJ-JJi" The University of Quebec fronts on Hope street and the Market- place, Upper Town. The buildings, which are of massive gray IKOM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 59 48 feet, and St. Roch's, persons. 2 near Dia- of Scotland, erior is well ancis street, it about 600 a hands6me iW fitted up, s. ■■ •^'■■ 'tigny street, : Town, is a at about 800 ■,' ^^-^ '*■ vn, is a neat ■■■''-■,' -A V are: — =< " t on Palace and garden, spacious and arles, in the are a liand- i to the pur- pper Town, 3 to be seen le Lady Su- 1 the Market- lassive gray stone, form three sides of a quadrangle, and have a fine garden in the rear. ■ ' ■ ^' -• • - - The Court House and the City Hall are substantial stone build- ings, situated on St. Louis street, and well adapted to their respective purposes. ^ The Jail is situated at the corner of St. Ann and St. Stanislaus streets, Upper Town, and is a massive stone building, and cost about £60,000. It is in a healthy location, and well adapted to the pur- pose for which it was designed. The Jesuit Barracks front on the Upper Town market-place and St. Ann street. They have accommodations for about 1000 men. A battalion of infantry is usually quartered here. The Marine Hospital, situated on the river St. Charles, in the St. Roch's ward, is intended for the use of sailors and emigrants, and is a beautiful stone building of four stories. It was erected at a cost of £15,000, and will accommodate about 400 patients. The Lunatic Asylum is situated at Beauport, two and a half miles from Quebec, and is an extensive building, enclosed in a park of about 200 acres. - v . The Quebec Music Hall is a handsome cut stone edifice, recently erected, situated on St. Louis street, Upper Town. The Quebec and Richmond Railroad, connecting the city of Quebec with the Montreal and Portland Railroad. A distance of 100 miles is now completed, not only to point Levi, opposite to Quebec, but it is extended to St. Tliomas, a distance of twenty miles below Point Levi. Among the notabilities of Quebec and its vicinity, is the spot where General Montgomery fell, which is on the road from Cham- plain street to Diamond Harbor, and is pointed out by a board affixed to the cliff above it. imt. .jki '•; > ' ti;.j.. The Plains of Abraham., a little to the west of the city, where the celebrated battle was fought between the British forces, under General Wolfe, and the French forces, under General Montcalm, should be visited by every traveller. A monument, erected on the spot where General Wolfe fell, points out the place where the hottest part of the action occurred. • • * ^' * ( Spencer Wood, the former residence of the governor-general, about a mile further west, is an elegant country house. 't Ui I \ :tr i 'I/ i! ■- ! .' 60 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE HOTELS. jRusseWs Hotelf Palace street, Upper Town, is an excellent estab- lisffihient. Mr. Russell spares no pains in promoting the comfort of his guests, and his house affords every accommodation that the most fastidious can desire. There are also several other excellent houses in the city. The situation of Quebec, and the scenery all around it, are, at every turn, most beautiful and picturesque. The mountains are tolerably high, and present a fine appearance in the distance. There is a very noble view 'from the citadel, which, as has been before remarked, is the strongest post in America; and, indeed, next to Gibraltar, Quebec is the strongest fortified place in the world. The view from the citadel is connected with associations of the most in- teresting character. Here may be seen the Plains of Abraham, where, after his bold ascent of the almost impassable heights from the river, Wolfe appeared in arms at morning dawn, and where Mont- calm, with equal courage and gallantry, came out to meet him, though not compelled to do so, and where both heroes fell in the sanguinary struggle of that day, — each a bitter loss to his country, each a living name in the annals of their military glory, and both a brilliant evi- dence of French and British valor. The memorial of mutual valor here erected is at least an instance of generosity in rivals, which it is pleasant to contemplate. If anything could detract from the hor- rors of war, it would be instances like this. The city of Quebec is one which it is impossible io approach without pleasure, and to leave without regret. Every locality con- nected with the place is fraught with interest to the traveller. As the limits of this work permit only general description, visitors will do well to avail themselves of the small city guides, which they can find at the principal hotels. THE FALLS OF MONTMORENCL \ In taking our departure from Quebec, and on our way down the river, we pass th'.s celebrated cascade. These falls, which are situ- ated in a beautiful nook of the river, are higher than those of Niag- ara, being more than two hundred and fifty feet ; but they are very narrow, being only some fifty feet wide. T-^s place is a very cele- cellent estab- le comfort of that the most city. nd it, are, at lountains are ance. There been before leed, next to world. The ■ the most in- of Abraham, heights from where Mont- !t him, though le sanguinary , each a living brilliant evi- mutual valor rals, which it from the hor- to approach • locality con- •aveller. As , visitors will hich they can IT. r ay down the hich are situ- lose of Niag- hey are very J a very cele- FROM NUGAKA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 01 • '^'i,.'-'li,liti;- - ■ma 1 I.I 'I t't'- 4 :1tl G2 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE fl I brated focus of winter amusements. During the frost, the spray from the falls accumulates to such an extent as to form a cone of some eighty feet high. There is also a second cone of inferior alti- tude, and it is this of which visitors make the most use, as being less dangerous than the higher one. They carry " toboggins," — long, thin pieces of wood, — and having arrived at the summit, place themselves on these and slide down with immense velocity. Ladies and gentle- . men both enter with equal spirit into this amusement. It requires much skill to avoid accidents ; but sometimes pec^le^ do tunble heels over head to the bottom. They generally drive to this spot in sleighs, taking their wine and provisions with them ; and upon the pure, white cloth, which nature has spread out for them, they partake of their dainty repast, and enjoy a most agreeable picnic. One does not feel in the least cold, as the exercise so thoroughly warms and invigorates the system. The distance of these falls from Quebec is eight miles. lot JTC-Ol 0:>u'^i l.^i'O F^ L'lfroi'" 'iO XXiiliH Dlvuh THE CHAUDIERE FALLS, on the river Chaudiere, nine miles below Quebec, are also a favor- ite resort, ar :l are very beautiful and romantic. The river here is about four hundred feet wide, and the height of the falls is one hun- dred and thirty feet. , , i ..i,. ^ „ HO ^jV'T.f ::;:!? vs ' ' THE LSLAND OF ORLEANS, situated in the river St. Lawrence, immediately below Quebec, is nineteen miles long by five and a half miles wide, and, like the Island •of Montreal, is superior in fertility to the main land adjacent to it. Its present population is about six thousand. ..A in.R THE FALLS OF ST. ANNE are situated on the river of the same name, on the north side of the St. Lawrence, twenty-four miles below Quebec, and present a vari- ety of wild and beautiful scenery, both in themselves and their immediate neighborhood. ? 4 3 .. LAKE ST. CHARLES, ^-- thirteen miles north of Quebec, is a favorite resort of tourists, par- FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. G3 , the spray n a cone of inferior alti- is being less — long, thin B themselves and gentle- It requires tui ible heels ot in sleighs, >n the pure, y partake of One does r warms and im Quebec is ticularly of those who are fond of angling, as the lake abounds in fine trout. ,„ - , i , , . f!Tf: also a favor- river here is is one hun- Quebec, is :e the Island Idjacent to it. :; it^j V > f. , side of the Jesent a vari- es and their tourists, par- ' GROSSE ISLE is situated thirty miles below Quebec. Here is the Quarantine Station, — a sorrowful place everywhere ; but there is an unusually melancholy interest attached to this one, from the fact that no less than six thousand Irish emigrants were buried in one grave during the terrible year of famine in that country. Apart from these sad- dening recollections, the island is a fair and agreeable spot, and its scenery is very beautiful. Below this island the river becomes wider and wider, and we soon lose sight of land altogether. MALBAIE, ninety miles below Quebec, on the north shore, is a large village, where many of the people of Quebec resort for sea bathing. . KAMOURASKA, on the south shore, ninety miles below Quebec, is also a thriving village, very pleasantly situated, and resorted to as a bathing place. RIVIERE DU LOUP, en bas, is situated on the south shore, one hundred and fourteen miles below Quebec, and is a rising village, much frequented for sea bathing. THE RIVER SAGUENAY falls into the St. Lawrence from the north, at a distance of one hundred and forty miles below Quebec. This noble river takes its rise in Lake St. John, and has a total length of one hundred and twenty-six miles, till it falls into the St. Lawrence. It is navigable for large vessels sixty miles, and at Ha Ha Bay, fifty miles from its mouth, the largest fleet of men-of-war would find a safe and spacious anchorage. The river is very deep, and at its mouth a line of three hundred and thirty fathoms was thrown without finding the bottom ; and at the distance of sixty miles from the St. Lawrence, its aver- age depth is from fifty to sixty fathoms. The shores of this river 64 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE f m II: 1 ! . h\ I present some of the grandest and most striking scenery in the world, rising from the water almost perpendicularly to a height of from one thousand to fifteen hundred feet ; and in many places a ship of the line might run close to the rocks which overhang it. ,, i,. o,^..*:. ^^i. . ■-■'"■' ' '" ^ "-• :.- .., rrt ...M - uih hiyA TADOOSAC HARBOR : .il/:f* is situated on the northeast side of the river, at its mouth. It is a port of the Hudson's Bay Company, who have a resident and a considerable establishment here. • -' - - - - ;. o. J a j f • i -> .,> ■ j TETE DU BULE is a remarkable round mountain, on the north shore, three miles above Tadoosac. A few miles further up are two hills known as the Two Profiles, from the strong resemblance which they bear to the human face. . ,• •■<'/• "^^.OilAi/J.OO^:.) ST. JOHN'S BAY, twenty-eight miles above Tadoosac, on the south shore, and the mouth of Mackenzie's River on the north shore, are places which contain large lumbering establishments. :,, ,«. ' , •a : ?'[t ETERNITY POINT AND CAPE TRINITY, ^ ; on the south shore, six miles above St. John's Bay, are two immense masses of rock, rising from the water's edge to a height of about fifteen hundred feet, and affording a prospect of solemn and impos- ing grandeur. Statue Point comes next in succession, and then the Tableau. This is a perpendicular rock rising to the height of nine hundred feet. The scenery continues very beautiful on to Ha Ha Bay, which is nine miles in length, and six miles in width, and affords good anchorage for the largest vessels, the average depth being from twenty to thirty-five fathoms. CHICOUTIRNI , is situated sixty-eight miles above Tadoosac. The Hudson's Bay t Company have a post here, and there is a Roman Catholic Church, • erected by the Jesuits in 1727. The population is about four hun- FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 65 r in the world, lit of from one a ship of the I . 'i^if :,-. t • '• ,, ^. .--f. louth. It is a •esident and a •e, three miles hills known as bich they bear L.} .h. 'J V'>.c 1"^ shore, and the e places which INTTY, : e two immense leight of about mn and impos- ssion, and then ,0 the height of utiful on to Ha }S in width, and average depth I Hudson's Bay atholic Church, about four hun- dred, principally French Canadians. The steamboat navigation of the Saguenay ends here, as the river above is obstructed by rapids and falls. Fifty miles above this place is Lake St. John, a tine expanse of water of about thirty miles in length, and in the widest part the same in breadth ; its superficial area being over five hun- dred miles. «JUuJl/.i.. ^/.r-;vt!.H4. / Lake St. John, the Saguenay, and the rivers which they receive, abound in excellent fish. The salmon ascends the Saguenay to a considerable distance, and is taken in large quantities and shipped to Quebec. ^.■la>'u i;:. » * ' K ■.r^\ rr" r,- fi t .'■-• lliJ:^ fir.' - -- GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SKETCH OF CANADA. "The Province of Canada, including both its grand divisions, extends from forty-two to fifty-two degrees of north latitude, and from sixty-four to ninety-two degrees of west longitude, embracing a superficial area of about 330,000 square miles, and having a popu- lation of about 2,250,000 souls. Previous to the year 1791, the whole extent of country now known as Upper and Lower Canada was designated the Province of Quebec; but, owing to alleged difficulties in managing the admin- istration of so large an extent of country, it was in that year divided into two provinces, having separate governments, and so remained until 1841, when they were reunited, and now constitute one prov- ince only. Lower Canada, which is considerably the largest province, has an area of 210,000 square miles, and Upper Canada an area of 121,000 square miles; the population being about 1,200,000 in Upper, and 1,100,000 in Lower, Canada. About two thirds of the population of Lower Canada are of French descent, the remainder consisting of English, Irish, Scotch, Germans, and Americans, or their descendants. In Upper Canada 6* i i ! i:^ C6 HUNTER'S PANORAMIC GUIDE. the population is made up of colonists, or the descendants of colonists, from the British Islands ; of the descendants of American loyalists who emigrated to Canada after the revolutionary war; and, in a few localities, there are settlements of Germans and Dutch. In Lower Canada about four fifths of the people belong to the Roman Catholic Church, the remainder consisting of members of the different Prot- estant churches, and a few Jews ; while in Upper Canada about four fifths of the people are Protestant, and the remainder Roman Catholic. ... ,;r ..4 I honu/j.iUr \ -""_, ■-..#■ .-, ^■- At the time of the conquest of Canada, in 1760, the entire popu- lation was estimated at 70,000 ; and a glance at the following sy- nopsis, from the official returns of the different periods mentioned, will show the rapid advance which the country has made since that time. LOWER CANADA. Population in 1763, . " 1814, . " 1823, . " 1831, . " 1844, . '• 1818, . " 1850, . " 1851, . Estimated in 18M, . ' ' 1 ■ .(■ii 70,000 335,000 427,000 512,000 699,000 770,000 791,000 890,000 1,000,000 Population in 1703, " " 1814, *' 1824, « (( ft (( -" ,..;.•.:■! •■•K 105 • • • • • ,rvr'...i'I •(iJ. -jiooH, Y.'T^oici p.'v,^';j: '<-J .Ha^nl'i >r.iLu<.i »«Jtti4li. '