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Tudor & St Hart Ubrary 
 Teacbam's Compkat Gen- 
 tkman 
 
 With the Compliments of the 
 
 Delegates of the Clarendon Frefi 
 
 Oxford 
 
Henry Frowdc, M.A. 
 
 Publiihrr to the University of Oxford 
 London, Edinburgh^ New York 
 and Toronto 
 
Teachanfs 
 Compleat 
 Gentleman 
 
 With an Introduction 
 by G. S. Gordon 
 
 cL*<f/ the Clarendon Tress 
 
 MCMVI 
 
LC 4 f-i: 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Printed at the Clarendon Preis 
 by Horace Hart, M.A. 
 Princtr co the Unimncy 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 PtACHAM'S Cnmplt.rt Ctntlrman ij j iccoid o( the iiiaiinerj, 
 education, and way of thinking of the better sort of Cavalier 
 gentry before the Civil wan. It is also part of that great Literature 
 of Courtesy which »till awaits the discerning pen of some magnani- 
 mous and sympath ni historian The attempt to define the gentleman 
 is as old as the mstuution of nobility itself ; and every age, since 
 literature began, has claimed the right to make its own definition. 
 For the gentleman is always the prottgi of the age whose inceiue 
 he breathes; and he has his fashions and his periods like everything 
 else which society creates. Achilles listening to the Centaur or 
 Ulysses with Minerva at his elbow, the young Academicians of Athens, 
 the orators of Cicero and Qiiintilian, are, if we look rightly, as much 
 a part of the varied and fascinating history of the gentleman as the 
 Courtier of Castiglione and the • Cbmpleat Gentleman ' of Peacham, 
 as Chesterfield's man of fashion and the bcaus of the Georges. It is 
 an apt device, approved by Peacham, which represents the prince 
 with a book in one hand and a sword in the other. With the latter we 
 "-e not concerned } but just what this book may be, whether Plato's 
 Kfptthlk or the Bible, Gee. Offica or ^madis dt Gaul, matters erery- 
 thing ''he fact thatwi pr^ \ . ;-cd the Ojfices to the Hfpubiic had a great 
 dea lo M . h the character of ihe later Renaissance in England. 
 The . nins of Platonism, which had inspired the finest products of 
 ! . .ihe*ku% pof y, ent, as it had come, by the poets. With it 
 wen the he Jay of the Renaissance gentleman, the Courtier, 
 whi cxt half-century, as the Cav lier, had to struggle for 
 
 his > «f nee, and perished in his t! mph at the Restoration. 
 Thr V i James I could never pre- 1 to be what Elizabeth's 
 
 had bet -he Academy of the nation . and in its meaner atmosphere 
 
 Surrey 
 
V' Jntroductieii. 
 
 Sm icv .111.1 \\'\Mt «oul(l h.iv. KHind themsclvci a> Ittttc f homr as 
 •liil R.ilfn;h I he hiftrinrs^ of politii.il .iiul irliqioiis itrife shattered 
 'he uiiK) of an ideal which had been the proudest ornament of the 
 previous age j there were henceforth two standaidi by which the 
 ^emleinan was measured, and Cavalier and Puritan divided the 
 suffrages of society. 
 
 Other and less invidious r.uises had contributed to the change. 
 In the history of the English gentleman the growth of thr idea of 
 TiiHI-c Duty is almost as noticeable as his transforin.\tioii intr . 
 Courtier. It had made some progress under Richard II, onl^ 
 miserably shattered in the wars of the succession; under 
 Tudors it steadily made way, and when the troubles of religion began 
 it fhrr.itf '-<' the dcstniciidii of everything that had made the 
 gentleman a-i amiable companion and a courteous enemy. It was 
 something of this feeling, joined to a narrow sort of nationalism, 
 which inspired that sturdy band uf Anglo-Saxons', of whom Cheke 
 and Ascham were the IcuIts. They h.ul wcKomcd the revival of 
 classical learning and could not help admiring the high ideal of the 
 Courtier, drawn so splendidly by Castii^lione ; but they feared the 
 subtle genius of It ily, and her seducing influence on the morals of 
 their country and the purity of the Lnglish tongue. As it turned 
 our, their fear for English morals was ung nnded ; and Italy only 
 ni.idc w.iy for France, a much less worthy i t. 
 
 We arc left then with two school of th. ^hr aiid manners, and 
 two sets of rival teachers. 'The mo^t popular book in C.ivalier 
 circles,* says Professor Raleigh, his Introduction to Hoby s 
 translation of The Cnur, , was Hcn.y Peacham's Cbmfu^. GtmAman 
 (i6iz), which ran througn many editions, and was held in high 
 esteem by the courtiers of the Restoration. Richard Brathv aire 
 Ml his EHglhh GtHtlman (1^30) and English Gtntltwoman (1631) 
 presented the Puritans wirh the draft of a character by no means 
 destitute of polite accomplishments yet grounded at all points on 
 religious precepts.* With Brathwaitc we need not much concern 
 
 ourselves 
 
Introduction. 
 
 vii 
 
 ourselves « he writes < long pulpit homi! .'», pioving from the Bible 
 thir clothes an- the mark of man's corru> "'oa, th^t \' \% nr^ 
 pTatnfjs which h.ts not a near relation to goodness, and that la 
 only armoury that can truly deblazon a gentleman is to be found in 
 acts of charity and devotion '. But Ptacham is a man of quite anothei 
 stamp) and he had Tai too iniich sense ever to imagine that *'tis only 
 itoble to be good '. He represents the best that was left of the 
 Renaissance. With Ascham he is a patriot and a reforming school- 
 master) wirh the couniers of Elizabeth he believes in the gentleman 
 born, and in lennint; as the fountain of gtwd counsel and the i^rarps. 
 It was his determination to rescue the gentleman ' from the tyranny 
 of these ignorant times and from the common education ' that led 
 him to write this book. On both of these his own life is perhaps as 
 interesting a comnie it.iry as we could have. 
 
 Henry Peactiam was born in 1 576 at Nortbmimms in Hertfordshire, 
 near St. Albans, the place, as he tells us, where 'merrie John Heywood' 
 wrote his epigrams and Sir Thos. More his L'topia. Ho was the son 
 of a clergyman, sometime rector of Leveiton in Lincolnshire, and 
 his school days were pa<sed between St. Albans and London, under 
 a variety of masters (jf we are to believe hu own account) of every 
 shade of eccentricity. Above all his early and incorrigible love of 
 drawing brought him into constant trouble with his teachers: 'yer,' he 
 assures us, * could they never beate it out of me.' But it is the way 
 with forward pupils that their reminiscences nearly alw.iys take the 
 form of complaints ; atid he had at any rate profited so far as to 
 become at seventeen a Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, where 
 he spent the next five years, graduating B.A. in 1^95 and M.A. three 
 years later. Here his favourite studies seem to have been History 
 and Cosmograp!) •, and he spent much of his tiine, like Hobbes at 
 Oxford, han^;i;;i; over in.aps j but the lighter accomplishments then 
 &shionable, the devisin of Emblems, Impresas, and Anagrams, 
 occupied some of his lei , n c. 
 
 Some time before i^oo he began hu teaching as Master of the 
 
 Free 
 
Introduction. 
 
 Free School at VVymoiidham in Norfolk ; but it was not till six years 
 later that he became an author, with the publication o( Graphici, a 
 treatise 'on drawing with the pen and limning in water-colours', 
 republished as The GentUman't Exercitt in i6ix and 1^34, and 
 subsequently included in the 1661 edition of the present work. The 
 treatise itself, which was evidently popular, may perhaps be neg- 
 lected 5 though the Third Book, a Dialogue on the Blazonry of Arms 
 between an enlightened merchant, Cosmopolites, and a scholar, 
 Eudaemon, who represents Peacham himself, is interesting both on 
 account of its literaiy form (sanctified for such gentlemanly subjects 
 by the example of Tht Cburtitr), and because, as is the way with 
 dialogue, it is always straying from the main topic and giving us 
 excellent things on the manners of the time. But to readers of 
 the amfltM Gtntltman it is the Preface that will provide >nost 
 interest. It is a kind of Declaration of Independence in favour of 
 the honest writing of textbooks. His principles, he declares, are 
 his own, ' not borrowed out of the shops, but the very same Nature 
 acquainted me withal from a child, and such as in practise I have 
 ever found most easie and true.' As for the malice of rival artists, 
 *the worst hurt they can do me,' he says, ' is to draw my Picture ill- 
 favouredly.' It is the same man who set himself later to denounce 
 the educational errors of his time, and who, in his Preface to the 
 Compltat Gentleman, could throw in the face of his critics the brave 
 words ' I care not j I have pleased myselfe '. 
 
 In i5i I we find him contributing three pieces, one ' in the Utopian 
 tongue ', to Thomas Coryat's Oudititi ; and a year later he settled 
 for a time in London in the parish of St. Martin*s-in-the-Fields. He 
 seems to have lived at this time partly by his pen, partly by tutoring 
 young men for the University ; and he testifies to the happiness which 
 he found in the friendship both of the fathers and their sons. He 
 tried also, in the fashion of the time, to recommend himself at Court. 
 In i6q6 he had presented to young Prince Henry, the avowed 
 ptron of the arts, a rendering into Latin verse, 'with Emblems,' of 
 
 his 
 
Introduction. ix 
 
 his father's Btuilkm Donn. Seven years later, on this Prince's 
 untimely death, he published an elegy, 'in sixe visions,' entitled 
 The Period of Mourning. His eflbrts seem to have met with some 
 success. He was ofFered and accepted a commission to travel on 
 the Continent as tutor to the sons of Thomas Howard, Earl of 
 Arundel, of Hannib.il B.iskei villc, and others ; and until the end 
 of I (J 1 4 his time was spent in vi^-ing the chief cities of Holland, 
 France, and Italy. His longest stay seems to have been in the 
 Low Countries, where he learned much and made many friends. 
 His book is full of references to this visit ; he was a keen observer, 
 and was interested in every form of life and art. Practical pedagogy 
 and military formations, Dutcl painting and the armorial eccen- 
 tricities of 'mine old host at Arnhem', the number of lancers in the 
 armies of Spinola and the Prince of Orange, — everything was 
 noted and remembered for future use. But it was at the table of 
 Sir John Ogle, the Governor of Utrecht, that he learned most. 
 Here resorted scholars and soldiers from all the northern nations, 
 English, Scots. French, and Dutch j and their disputations (all the 
 better for their being strangers to one another) ranged so freely 
 over every topic of warfare and the arts that, as Peacham says, 
 'his table seemed many times a little Academy' (p. 273) It is 
 a pity he did not keep a journal of his travels instead of bothering 
 about the 'Affaire of Cleve and Gulick ', of which he wrote 
 a ' most true relation ' on his return to London in 161 y. 
 
 He did not find things very pleasant for him there ; a charge of 
 having libelled the king was trumped up against him by a namesake, 
 Edmund Peacham, rector of Hinton St. George. It was proved to 
 be false ; but the episode cannot have tended to sweeten his view of 
 life. How he lived at this time in London we do not know : probably 
 much as before. He still retained some considemble friends, among 
 them the Earl of Arundel and his son, to the latter of whom the 
 Compleat r,(r.tlem.m is dedicated ; to others, of whom the best 
 known are Thomas Dowland the musician and Inigo Jones, he had 
 
 been 
 
X 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 I)ccii recommended by common t.istcs. Hii c.uly inclination to 
 verse, and the precious pastime of Emblems and Imprcsas, had never 
 left him ; of his Anagrams the reader may judge for himself by some 
 specimens which he gives at p. 231 of this reprint. His last published 
 cisay in this sort of fashionable verse was a collection of i i/ Epigrams, 
 called Thalia t Sanquet, which appeared in 1620J and he then 
 expressed his intention of abandoning poetry for more serious and 
 profitable studies. He was now forty-four, and freer than most people 
 from the delusions of his age. He was widely and intelligently read, 
 and master of a strong and forcible English which he knew how to 
 alleviate with the saving grace of humour. His experiences abroad 
 had widened his views, and forced upon him a comparison of the 
 gentlemen of his own with those of other countries. It hurt him, 
 both as an Englishman and as a firm believer in the merits of gentle 
 birth, to see them come so ignominiously out of the balance. The 
 story of the young English gentleman in Artoise is so well related by 
 Peacham in his Preface that it will not bear a second telling ; it should 
 be read as well for its own sake as for the influence which it had ou 
 Peacham's mind. 
 
 The result was the publication, in 1611, of the Compltat CcmUma,i. 
 It is, of course, primarily a guide to the gentlemanly arts and 
 accomplishments, but a considerable motive in its composition was 
 the desire to protest against slovenliness in the education of his time, 
 and, by precept and example, to supply a remedy. The book became 
 as popular as it deserved. It was issued again in 1626 and 1627 ; a 
 second and enlarged edition was published in 1^34, and a third, with 
 addit ions on the art of Blazonry 'by a very good hand', possibly 
 Thomas Blount, appeared in 1 56 1, seventeen years after the author's 
 death. If we believe the preface of M. S. to this posthumous edition, 
 the book had to struggle against a powerful force of malice and 
 censure, over which it was finally triumphant. The reference is no 
 doubt to Puritan opposition, which ceased with the Restoration. 
 
 Here, $0 far as the Compkat Gtntltman is concerned, the story of 
 
 his 
 
Introduction. xi 
 
 his life might very well come to an end. But what remained of it 
 wns neither uninteresting nor unproductive. The times grew hard, 
 and he must have been sometimes veiy poor. But the harder life 
 became with him, the greater interest he seems to have taken in 
 affairs about him ; and indeed hunger is a fine quickener of the wits. 
 He was affected, or at any rate profited, by the current frenzy of 
 disputation. A number of tracts from his pen, of whimsical title, fill 
 the years from ifi^*?, when he published, anonymously, his Coach 
 and Sedan, to 1^41, the probable date of the most popular of all his 
 works. The Jf^nrth of a Peny, or a caution to I'^ep money. It was 
 republished after his death in 1664, and seven editions appeared in 
 the next forty years, the last in 1703. As a tract on the shifts of the 
 indigent and the shady side of contemporary life it would be hard 
 to find its equal for wit, vigour, and keenness of observation. It 
 may now be read in Arber's English Gamer (vol. vi, 1883). The 
 u4n of Living in London, which appeared in the next year, deals 
 with the same topics. There sceincd to be no place for the old man 
 any longer. His former patrons, if they were not dead, had other 
 things to do than attend to decayed scholars ; nobody wanted his 
 Emblems, and his 'Th.ilia's b.inqucts' were as far as possible from 
 having a rehsh for Puritan palates. Nothing but that mixture of 
 artistic feeling with a naturally robust sense of the realities of life 
 (the peculiar compound which made the Renaissance gentleman so 
 much of a novelty) could have kept his wit so keen and his observa- 
 tion so fresh. Low life, it would seem, loses half its terrors for the 
 man who can grasp its crude and subterranean philosophy : a 
 philosophy to be found in its purity nowhere in English save in the 
 works of Fielding He was never married j and died, we cannot 
 doubt itj in poverty, about 1644. 
 
 We are better able now to appreciate the characteristics of the 
 book. The double motive of the Cavalier and the Schoolmaster is 
 evident in the opening chapters. The union of nobility and sound 
 learning is declared to be the only surety of a country's glory j and 
 
 history 
 
^ii Introduction. 
 
 history, both sacred .I'.ul profinc, even the order of nature itself, is 
 invoked to bestow its approval on this happy marriage. To hold 
 great place, we are reminded, is to be like the Sun, * so in view of 
 il! that his least eclipse is taken t«. a minute'; and ati ignorant 
 nobleman is compared to a blir.d m...i at the incrry of the boy 
 whose eyes and ears hi borrows. It was here that Pcacham found 
 his difficulty. Of nobles and gentlemen there was plenty in 
 I-ngland, and of excellent parts ; but as for 'that sweet ' Jc, good 
 Learning,' she seemed impossible to rome by. The common edu- 
 cation presented to him an almost uniform spectacle of confusion 
 and error— ir!:i rsw... did not understand their wcl., ana parents 
 who did not know their duty. Cnn any wonder, he asks, that the 
 pedagogue is become a regular subject of comedy, when he has 
 either no knowledge to give, or, if he has knowledge, cannot 
 impart it; when, above all, he cannot even speak his own 
 language without the grossest soleci.n-.s ? He especially denounces 
 that 'carterly judgment' of the master who sets his pupils 'like 
 horses in a tcame, to draw all alike,* keepijig only ' some one or two 
 prime and able witi, arTo8i'&i/<To^, which he cul-i out to admiration it 
 strangers come, as a Costardmonger his fairest Pippins ' (pp. 12-3). 
 Meanwhile parents grumbled at a state of things for which they were 
 in fact largely responsible. Most gentlemen, we are told, ' will give 
 better w.iges and dcale more bountif illy with a fellow who can but 
 teach a Dogge,or reclaim .m Hawkt,thanupoianhonest, learned,and 
 well qua'ified man to bring up tLe:f children ' ; and this, it is dryly 
 suggested, may be the rcasor ^ hy'Dogges are ;.bleto make Syllogismes 
 in the fields, when Wieir young Mistcu can conclude nothing at home ' 
 (p. 32). And while they starve the tutor, they indulge his pupil, 
 who is sent to the University, sometimes before his teens, witI 
 much in his purse and so little in his head that after four or five y 
 there ' he returns home as *ise as ^mmoninshis Asse, th it went with 
 his Master every day to the Schoole, to heare Origm and Porflr/rU 
 reade Philosophy' (p. 32). This chapter on the Duty of Parents is 
 
 one 
 
Introduction. 
 
 xiii 
 
 one of the best in the book j and neither it nor the next, of 
 
 .1 Gtntltman s carriage in the L 'nivtrsity , can ever be anything but 
 n.odern. He opens with a little flouiiih, as befits the importance of 
 the matter. The young gentleman, ' having passed that, I imagine, 
 Llmhut ftunrum, and those perillous pikes of the Grammar rules,' is 
 on the point of setting out for the University ; his horse stands 
 ready br-dlcd, and Peacham p.oposes, as a well-wisher to h^m aiid 
 to his studies, to ' turn the head of his discourse ' and bear him 
 company some part of the way. As they proceed he beguiles the 
 journey with kindly advice, which is less concerned with the young 
 scholar's future labours than with his friendship-^ ^nd recreations. 
 Peacham was really sorry for * these young things ', as he calk them, 
 ' of twelve, thirtecne or fourteene, that have no more care than to 
 expect the next Carrier, and where to sup on Fridayes and Fasting 
 nights: no further thought of study, than to trimme up their 
 studies with Pictures, and place the fairest Bookes in openest view, 
 which, poore Lads, they scarce ever opened, or understand not ; 
 that when they come to Logicke, and the crabbed grounds of Arts, 
 there is such a disproportion betweene yfrimtUt Otttgoritty and their 
 childish capacities, that what together with the sweetnesse of libertie, 
 var-ctie of companie, and so many kinds of recreation in Towne and 
 Fields abroad . . , they proove with Homen Willow <lAco-i<caprot, and 
 as good goe gather Cockles with Caii^ulai people on the Sand, as yet 
 to attempt the difficulties of so rough and terrible a passage ' (p. jj). 
 The ordinary undergraduate is older nowadays ; but is he then so 
 very unlike his youthful ancestor ? 
 
 The rest of the book is devoted to the instruction of the gentle- 
 man, 'fashioning him absolut,' as the title-page runs, 'in the most 
 necessary and commendable Qualities concerning Minde or Body.' 
 Both in arrangement and in method it is characteristic of its author 
 and of his age. There is no attempt to give a complete and 
 artistically finished portrait such as we get in The Counter ; the 
 textbook arrangement precluded any suvh high Jesign, and we ,ue 
 
 Lft 
 
^^v Introduction, 
 
 left to frame the result for ourselves. By his mcthoti .ilso wc are 
 reminded of the enormous difference between a really practical age 
 (such as all great ages are) and one, like his own, which is merely 
 useful. It is never the leally i;rcat ^ii;c that makes most play with 
 the motive of utility j and Pcacham is distinguished from his 
 predecessors of the Renaissance by nothing more than by this, that 
 utility is his prime and unfailing test of the validity of his scheme. 
 The determination thus to recommend some study Ic.ids him 
 occasionally into the quaintest passages. Bidin is quoted to tell of 
 some * who have recovered their healthes oy reading of History ', and 
 the example is cited of that King Alphonsus who by ' the onely 
 reading of Quint. Curtius ' was cured of a very dangerous fever If 
 I could have been so rid,' our author comments slyly, ' of my late 
 quartan Ague, I would have said with the same good King : Valeat 
 Avicenna^ vivat Curtius.' Then there is the tale of Tclesilla in 
 Plutarch who was cured of sickness by nothing else than poetry, 
 and * it is most certaine that those who are stung with the Taran- 
 tula are cured onely by Musicke '. Even if Peacham only half 
 believed these stories, and regarded them as a sort of ' medicinal 
 lie ' told in the cause of educatic , it is significant of the state or 
 opinion at the time that these sacrifices to the cause should have 
 taken this particular form and that they r.hould have been thought 
 capable of effecting anything in its behalf. 
 
 The motive of utility, however, is always capable in gooti hands of 
 producing the sanest results, and in alliance with that spirit of nation- 
 alism which informs so much of the book it is 'he key to Peacham's 
 gentleman. It was not thought necessary in the fuIl-blooded days 
 of the Renaissance to warn the gentleman against excessive scholar- 
 ship ; but nothing is more insisted on by Peacham. The business of 
 his life being the management of his own affairs and the service of 
 King and State, the studies of literature and the arts must be always 
 with him 'inter splendidas nngas', treated as rcla.xations merely. 
 To neglect for them his more serious empfoymcnts would be to 
 
 incu ■ 
 
Introduction, xv 
 
 incur the charge, as Pcacham puts it, of deserting the Mistress to 
 make love to the Maid. The distinction is one which has always 
 come home to Englishmcoj and which is still maintained by our older 
 Universities as the foundation of mt/st of their teaching. It is not 
 proposed, for instance, that the gentleman should rival the professional 
 musician. ' I desire no mor? in you,' he says, * than to sing your part 
 sure, and at the first sight, withall, to play the same upon your Violl, 
 or the exercise of the Lute, privately to yourselfe.' And so with the 
 rest of his studies. What then, we ask, were those ' more serious 
 employments ' of which we hear so much ? To answer _this question 
 from Peacham is by no means easy. The gentleman, as we gather, 
 was expected to be ready with sword or counsel at the call of his 
 Prince and of the Qimmonwealth. He must be well enough versed 
 in knightly accomplishments to bring his country no discredit in 
 foreign courts nnd camps. And so he would remain, in vague 
 portrait, a resT ..»ble but undersized descendant of his Ren.ii$sance 
 ancestor, if ic were nc: for one thing, which we become aware of 
 slowly, but which is fundamental. The decay of the Courtier had 
 given a new settlement to the long-standing quarrel of Court and 
 Country, and the result was that excellent person who in the seven- 
 teenth century saved England and astonished Europe, and has won 
 ever since their respect and admiration, Peacbam's ideal, the 
 enlightened and public-spirited Country Gentleman. The most 
 definite demand that Peacham makes on behalf of public economy 
 (a demand which King Charles I translated into law), is contained 
 in his reproach against those lords of manors who appear 'but as 
 Cuckoes in the Spring, one time in the yeere to the Countrey and 
 their Teiiants, leaving the care of keeping good houses at Christmas 
 to the honest Yeomen of the Countrey'. And as if to remove any doubts 
 we still might have of the correctness of our interpretation, there is 
 that fine declaration of faith, written, when Peacham was still a young 
 man, in his book on painting. ' I ever took delight," he says, ' in 
 those Pieces that shewed to the life a Country Village, Fair, or 
 
 Marker, 
 
Introduction. 
 
 Market, Berj;aina$cai Cookery, ,i/ow(c clanciin;. Peasant!, together by 
 the caret, and the like ' (CrafhiiCyi. ii). The picture is complete j 
 it is one which does equal honour to our author's heart and to his head. 
 
 Now in a rhar.irtcr so sturdy and so essentially national a cos- 
 mopolitan culture would clearly be oi'tof place. The basis of thegentle- 
 man's education is national also j and the beginning of everything 
 is the speaking and writing of good English. His models must be 
 Sir Thomas More, Sir Philip Sidney, Bacon, Hooker, and Danieh 
 whose native strength and purity of idiom will save him, it is hoped, 
 from the bankruptcy of many scholars of the time, of whom Peacham 
 says, that to have heard them discourse in public or at table, 'you 
 would have thought you had heard Loy talking to his Pigges, or 
 John dt Indagim declaiming in the praise of wild-geese } otherwise 
 for their judgement in the Arts and other tongues very sufficient ' 
 (p. n)- *>o in his chapters on History and on Travel. He is deeply 
 conviiued of the folly of studying the history of foreign countries, 
 while remaining a stranger to the history of one's own ; and he 
 notes with gusto the story of old Lord Treasurer Burleigh, who, 
 ' if any one came to the Lords of the Counsell for a Licence to travaile, 
 hee would first examine him of England j if hee found him ignorant, 
 would bid him stay at home and know his ownc countrey first.' 
 
 If was this feeling which made Peacham and other enlightened 
 men of the time so eager to see England able one day to educate 
 her gentle men within her own borders. Not that he is averse to 
 travel, as the last polish to a liberal education. Peacham was none 
 of your timid creatures, then so rife in England, who dread the 
 effect of foreign opinions and manners on the delicate virtue of 
 their sons j and the bliss of the stay-at-home is after all, as he »ees, 
 a mere fiurorum btatitudo. But one of his chief recommendations of 
 the practice ("a dubious satisfaction cert.iinly to the intending 
 traveller) is that it confirms his affection for his own country. 
 
 This national feeling comes out most strongly of all when he deals 
 with the arts proper and their place in his gentleman's education. 
 
 He 
 
Introduction, xvU 
 
 He does not attempt to conceal his resentment at the arrogance of 
 
 Italy, .1 1 her boastful claims to a prc-emincrcc which he regarded 
 as by no me ins assured. In Music, backed by the merits of 
 native artists such as Doctor Dowland and «our rhotnix M. 
 miiUm Byri \ he certainly makes something of a fight. With 
 Painting the case was very different. There was nothing for it but 
 submission, and he yields so far as to give his pupil (what must have 
 been not very easy to come by) a series of little lives of the Italian 
 pamtcrs, intelligently compiled and enlivened withgood anecdotes. We 
 read again of the blacksmith of Antwerp, whom love made a p.iinter 
 and painting got a wife, and of the pleasant revenge of Orgagna, 
 who 'painted the Judgement- where hee placed in hell most of his 
 foes that had molested him '. Pt acham loved a good story j and he was 
 far \Qo good a schoolmaster to be above makiiig his lessons amusii 
 
 One of the most valuable chapters in the book is that entitled O; 
 ^ntiquititt. In Peacham's day, as in Gibbon's, it was a fact that 
 fully to appreciate statuary one must cross the Alps. But the very 
 practical remedy associated in our own time with the names of Lord 
 Elgin and Sir Charles Newton had already been applied with notable 
 success by two English noblemen, Peacham's patron the Earl of 
 Arundel, and 'that noble and absolutely compleat Gentleman Sir 
 Kenhelme Digby Knight.' In Greece, we are told, and the other 
 parts of the Grand Signior's dominions, statues might be had for the 
 digging and carrying ; and this laudable effort to ' transplant old 
 Greece into England ' enjoyed the active favour of King Charles him- 
 self, upon whom «a whole army of old forraine Emperours, Captaines, 
 and Senators ' had been forced to wait in his palace of St. James. 
 The gardens and galleries of Arundel House became a museum of 
 ancient artj nor were the severer sides of antiquity neglected. 
 Statues and coins were preserved with equal care ; and the very 
 walls inlaid with inscriptions, 'speaking Greeke and Latine tc you." 
 Hubert le Sueur, 'his Majesties Servant now dwelling in St. 
 Bartholomewes London," a pupil of John of Bologna and, accordir, ^ 
 
 rCACIIAM. 
 
witi 
 
 Introduction, 
 
 to Pcach.un, the best st itiuiy th.it ever this lOtintiy cnjoycil, w.ij 
 kept busy casting models in brass for tiie King's gardens. One of 
 the proudest possessions of York House was a collectitMi of ' Romane 
 heads* and statues, lately the property of Rubens, who had used 
 them as models for soine of his paiiitiiii^s. The impetus which these 
 imporrntions gave to the intelligent study of history and the arts 
 is strikingly evident in our author himself *Repare to the oM 
 Coynes,' he cries, in a sentence which has the true flavour of Eliaj 
 • for bookes and histories and the like are but copyes of Antiijuity 
 bee they never so truely descended unto us : but coynes are the very 
 Antiquities themselves ' (pp. 113-4). It :;ratified him also to observe 
 the more intimate and practical appreciation of the arts which was 
 growing up under the early Stuarts. The opportune action of en- 
 lightened noblemen such as Arundel and Digby he regarded with 
 justice as nothing less than a public blessing. It soon became as 
 necessary for a gentleman to make himself acquainted with the 
 great examples of painting and sculpture as 10 be able to draw 
 a tasteful emblem or turn an amorous sonnet. 
 
 There is one feature of the book which Peacham rcgaiiled as of vital 
 importance, but of which we have as yet said nothing. Two chapters, 
 one of them by far the longest of all, are devoted to a practical 
 dissertation on the science of Heraldry and the Blazonry of Arms. 
 He is as keen in his vindication of the Chevron as in his defence of 
 Poetry j and nothing, he argues, can more emphatically convict a 
 gentleman of degeneracy and stupidity than to be ignorant of a 
 science which commemorates ancestry and the rise of £imilies, and 
 symbolizes the permanence of nobility. Into his more romantic 
 musings on this theme — 'in substance the most refined part of 
 Naturall Philosophie, . . . sympathizing with every Noble and generous 
 disposition' — it would perhaps be difficult to follow him. And yet 
 there were several of his contemporaries whose heraldic imagination 
 carried them still farther. Gibbon, in his Autobiography, dwells with 
 a certain dignified satisfaction on an ancestor of his, one John 
 
 Gibbon, 
 
IntroHh tim. 
 
 xix 
 
 Gibbon, who lived at thii time Like jVacham a Cnnbiidge 
 graduate and a tutor in a nuble i mily, he too visited the Low 
 Countries, and, more entcrpriMiig th.i < our author, even tailed as far 
 as the Virginia Colony. It was hr e, as he gazed with curious 
 surprise on the t.ittoord figures and shic ' . of some Indianwar-dancers, 
 that he reached the ete.iul and ultimate ground of the science 
 to which he subsequently devoted his hUe. ' I concluded,' be says, 
 ' that heraldry was ingraftcii namrtlty into the sense of human race.' 
 
 ,ide t 
 fe 
 
 Such cxtrnvngances ■ 
 regard Heraldry as a i> 
 about it which ought tc 
 not do so, then />"■ 
 Sir Walter Scott h.is 
 Thomas Tame of the 
 conceited and a prig, 
 But there was anc 
 neglect. It must n 
 Peacham's time a rec 
 education. Without he w 
 courtesies and conve 
 tinently asks, Whai Wa 
 Even a merciianr Cos ^ 
 the science and e to 
 use,' he rcrriar' ^ that 
 I come into a» Iccaycii 
 in England) or ' itleman^ 
 viewing Arms, and match- i 
 then lye boots and spurs upon 
 Hostes shoulder at Irish. M 
 
 r.ii .p a ile ; but the attempt to 
 , pbii tiop. as a decayed grandeur 
 t at f'^a^t fr conteirpr. If it does 
 must reman, an th whole a farce, 
 n Van- md i 'nb was wrong ibout 
 ca Hoit»e, who A'as in reality merely 
 
 juesti !( ri we must not 
 hat .i iry was still in 
 iiiieman's technical 
 found tripping in the 
 ' out it, is Peacham per- 
 t he Wars of the Roses ? 
 iid v onceive a desire to Icam 
 nighf Se put. ' The principall 
 n ik( this skill is, that when 
 lastery (as we have plenty 
 ;;ht rather busy my self in 
 jn the windows or walls, 
 ;.s 1 .1 my Inr or over look r^'ne 
 eove, being a Gentleman my self, 
 I have been many times asked my Coat, . nd except I should have 
 shewed them my jerkin, I knew not what f ay ' ^Gentleman's Extniie, 
 iii. i). Other causes contribut d to give it in the eyes of its votaries 
 a peifi'ip* fictitious importance. The levelling of classes which went 
 
 on 
 
Introduction. 
 
 on so stubbornly m England, Germany, .nul the Low ( ountnes in 
 the last two centuries was accomp.intrd by the must nreverent 
 invasion of the sacred ground of Heraldry by * intrusive upstarts, 
 shot up with the list might's mushroom ' Dutch shopkeepers anu 
 German aitisans invented or assumed in the most casual manner 
 any coat of arms that pleased their fancy. To Peacham this was 
 one jf the most intolerable abuses of a rather degenerate age. His 
 purism in t^e matter w.u only partly antiijuarian ; he thoui;ht he 
 saw in this armorial confusion symptoms of a democratical liberty 
 hostile to the institution with which he identified his country's glory, 
 the beautiful and hcncficiiit structure of nobility. The growing 
 divisions in Church and State, whirh tended steadily, as such 
 troubles do, to be a division between classes, gave some reality to 
 these remote speculations. Even in the everyday life of the street 
 a certain anarchy was visible. <1 have myself met an ordinary 
 tapster,' jays Cosmopohtes again, 'in his silk stockins, garters deep 
 fringed with gold lace, the rest of his apparcll suteable, with cloak 
 lined with velvet, who took it in some scorn I should take the wall of 
 him, as I went along in the street,— what shall now our Courtiers 
 and Gentlemen think of themselves ? ' {Gentleman's Exercise, iii, 6). 
 It is, then, with profound sincerity that Peacham expresses his 
 gr..titude to the Earls Marshal of Ei.^land for their reformation 
 of armorial improprieties. But for thr prompt uction in the 
 matter, he solemnly declares, 'wc should I feare mc within 
 these few yeeres, see Yeomen as rare in England, as they a-e in 
 France * (p. i6\). 
 
 Wc may hope by this time that we have read too far in the 
 character of Peacham's gentleman and of Peacham himself to be 
 misled by that common way of talking, which speaks of the Cavalier 
 and the Puritan as if c.ich was just precisely what the other was not. 
 His ideal education is grounded upon religion : the gentleman must 
 fear God as well as honour the King. And Peacham can be quite 
 alarmingly sententious at times. He cannor conclude a harmless 
 
 lesson 
 
Jnttodttcti9tt. 
 
 xxi 
 
 lesson 111 (ifogr.iphy without icm.irking oti the ttupcndout insi^- 
 nificanre in the Universe of our pLinct, 'poore little point as it i$,' 
 where nevertheless we are 'at perpetual warre and itrifc among 
 our selves, who (like the Toad) shall fall a sleep with most earth in 
 
 his p.twrs ' (p. 71). Aiul this gravity, which is never the peculi.tr 
 possession of cither party in an aqc of controversy, comes out in 
 the most unexpected places. The opening sentences of his chapter 
 on Poetry remind us of a quarrel which was old in the days of 
 Platr. The vicissitudes of Poets and Poetry arc famili fcatuies 
 of every age } wc are not $0 well accustomed to seeing both the one 
 and the other flatly in disgrace, and obliged to defend their very 
 title to exist. But the zeal of sectarianistn, content with nothing less 
 than the whole range of man's life, attacked Poetry, .is it did M 'ic 
 and Architecture, in the name of an arbitrary scheme which included 
 no beauty but a distorted beauty of holiness. Sidney had thought it 
 necessary, in ij8o, to write in her defence; and Peacham, forty 
 years later, felt it more imperative than ever to take up the challenge. 
 Nor does he care to mince matters. It would seem to be enough for 
 him that Poetry is the child of divine inspiration, and that there have 
 been many, 'as well from t!;e Flow as Pallace,' excellently endowed 
 with this gift, * yet not knowing (if you should askc the i^uestion) 
 whether a Mtt*phon be flesh or flsh.' His treatment of the English 
 poets of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries shows taste and sanity. 
 Whether he had studied or even read Chaucer has been ijuestioned ; 
 if he had done neither, he at any rate displays good judgement in his 
 choice of panegyric, and a commendable desire that his pupils' ignor- 
 ance should not perpetuate his own. Chaucer is praised, as well for 
 his 'delicate kerncll of conceit and sweet invention ' as because he 
 was a man who ' saw in those times, without his spectacles '. And 
 'in bricfe', he concludes, 'account him among the best of your English 
 bookes in your library' (p. 94). This is .is far as possible from the 
 sententious view of ancient poetry which he borrows from the tcxi 
 hastily deified Scaliger— the view which sees in Virgii s poem mainly 
 
 an 
 
^^i^ Introduction. 
 
 an attempt 'to ir.ake the lewd honest", and in Horace the greatest of 
 all ancient 1\ icists, because he is * more accurate and sententious 
 than Pindar'. But in the representative list which he gives of English 
 poets we cannot help being struck with the absence of certain names 
 now accounted among thn greatest of all. There is not a word of 
 Marlowe or Jonson or even of Shakespeare : in fact not a single 
 playwright is mentioned anywhere. And it was not Scaligcr who 
 taught him this sentence : that the true use and end of Poetry is 
 • to compasse the Songs of Sion^ and addresse the fruit of our inven- 
 tion to his glory who is the author of so goodly a gift ' (p. 80). We 
 find ourselves confronted with Milton's ideal in the mouth of a 
 Cavalier } and we explain it to ourselves by the fact that party strife 
 is nor coincident with the whole life of man, and that Peachain, 
 like many another Cavalier, was touched with the conscience of his age. 
 
 Looc lastly at his chapter Of I^put.xmn and Carriage, where 
 he gives the final strokes to a portrait that is by no means of the 
 popular Cavilier order. Temperance, Moderation, and Frugality 
 (the appointed guardians of his virtue) are qualities which, however 
 well they may wear, have never yet excited either the surprise or the 
 admiration of men. Nor were we prepared to hear the Prince of 
 Orange, with his ' plaine gray cloake and Hatt, with a greene feather 
 and the general Spinola, with his merchant's ' plaine suite of blacke 
 recommended as models of Cavalier dress (p. 117). Peacham's 
 residence in the Low Countries had evidently had a sobering effect 
 upon his eye. But it is when he speaks of Friendship that he 
 surprises us most. Nothing is more noticeable in his charaaer of 
 the- gentleman than the entire .absence of that motive of Love for 
 woman which during some centuries gave the knight his point of 
 honour and which inspired the philosophy of The Cburtkr. But just 
 as we are reflecting that there have been men, and poets among 
 them, who have preferred the paler beauties of the moon to the 
 sun's splendour, and that Friendship at any rate is left, he meets us 
 with this bitter sentence of advice : 'therefore hold friendship and 
 
 acquaintance 
 
Introduction. xxiii 
 
 acquaintance with few . . . but endeare your selfc to none ; gaudtbis 
 minusy minus doUbis' (p. 123). 
 
 It is pleasant to feel that this was not his final judge mcnt, and to 
 be able to quote from a pamphlet written nineteen years after, 
 when want and he had been long acquainted, this remarkable 
 declaration of his belief: ' And as a necessary Rule hereto coin- 
 cident, let every Man endeavour by dutiful diligence to get a Friend j 
 and when he hath found him (neither are they so easily found in 
 these Days) wirh all care to keep him, and to use him, as one would 
 do a Crystal or renke Glass, to take him up softly, and use him 
 tenderly j as you would a Sword of excellent Temper and Mettle, 
 not to hack every Gate, or cut every Staple or Post therewith, but 
 to keep him to defend you in your extreamest Danger ' {Worth of a 
 Peny, p. 28). These words were among the last he ever wrote, and 
 leave us with a pleasant recollection of this old Cavalier School- 
 master. 
 
 G. S. GORDON. 
 
 i 
 
NOTE 
 
 \* The basis of the present reprint was an 
 imperfect copy in private hands of the 1^34. edition of 
 
 Tf?e Cofnpleat Gentleman^ supplemented by a perfect copy 
 in the Bodleian Library. The edition of i6-^^ was 
 collated throughout with that of Blount published in 1661. 
 
 In order that Delaram the engraver may not be held 
 responsible for the defects in the frontispiece prefixed 
 to the edition of 1^34, the frontispiece of the first 
 edition {idzz) has also been reproduced here, facing 
 that of i(>H' will be seen that the defects in later 
 editions .tc chiefly due to alterations roughly made in 
 the original plate. 
 
 The pagination, which is very faulty in the original, 
 has been corrected in the present reprint. 
 
/ 
 
THE 
 
 COMPLEAT 
 
 GENTLEMAN. 
 
 Fafliioning him abfolut, in the moft iiecefla- 
 
 ry and commendable Qualities concerning 
 Minde or Body, that may be required 
 in a Noble Gendeman. 
 
 WHEREVNTO IS ANNEXED A DE- 
 fcription of the order of a Maine Battaile or 
 Pitched Field, eight feverall wayes: with the 
 
 Art of Limming and otlier Additions 
 newly Enlarged. 
 
 BY 
 
 Henry Peachatn Mafter of Arts: Sometime 
 
 of Trinitie CoUedge in Cambridge. 
 
 hiut'ilts ol'im^ 
 
 Ne v'idear vixiffe 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed for Francis Conjiabk^ and are to bee fold at his 
 iiioppc in Vauls Church-yard, at the ligne oi 
 the Crane, i d j 4.. 
 
The Compleat Gentleman, whofe 
 
 Titles are contained in thefe 
 Chapters Allowing. 
 
 Chap. i r\f Nobilitie in General! [p. i]. 
 Chap. xr^Ofthe dignitie andneceptie of Lear. 
 
 ntng in Princes and Nobilitie [p. i8]. 
 Chap. 5. The time of Learning [p. 21]. 
 Chap. 4. The dutie of Parents in their Childrens 
 
 Education [p. 30J 
 Chap.f . Of a Gentlemans carriage in the Vniver- 
 
 fitie\jp. 38]. 
 
 Chap.d. Ofjlile in Jpeaking^ writings and reading 
 
 Hifiory [p. 42]. 
 Chap. 7. Of Cofmography [p. ^^"^ 
 Chap. 8. Of memorable Obfervation in furvey of 
 
 the Earth [p. 6^. 
 Chap. 9. Of Geometry [p. 72]. 
 Chap. 10. Of Poetry [p. 78]. 
 Chap. II. OfMuficke [p. 96]. 
 Chap. 12. Of Statues and Medalls [p. 1C4]. 
 Chap. 13. Of Drawing and Painting in Oyle 
 
 CP- "4]. 
 
 Chap. 14. Offundry Blazonries both Ancient and 
 
 Modern [p. x 54] . 
 Chap. i^. Of Armory or Bla'!^ingj1rmes{j^. 160], 
 Chap. 16. OfExercife of Body [p. : 13]. 
 Chap. 17, Of reputation and carriage [p. 22 il. 
 Chap. 18. ^?/^rm»«/7^ [p. 2 37j. 
 Chap. Of IVarrc [p. 24^]. 
 Chap. 20. OfFi/hing [p. 25-7]. Ad 
 
Ad optim(C jpn^ frenerojijsimttque tndolis 
 adolefcentem^ Dom. Guliclmiim Howard, 
 illujlrijj] ac vere bonoratijj. Thomx Co- 
 mitis Arundeliae, fummi totius Jnglice 
 MaitfchaUt, ^cfilium fecundo' 
 genitum. 
 
 In -enio, gfnio, dum vit Generofus kaheri^ 
 Ingenua hac difcaSy ingeniofe puer. 
 
 Stenma nihil^ cultit an'imum niji morihnt ormet, 
 Et fiudms ftud^t nokiUtare genni. 
 
 TO 
 
TO THE TRVLY NOBLE 
 
 and moft hopefuU Knight of the Ho- 
 nourable Order of the Bathe, William 
 
 H o \ \ A R D, fccond Ibnnc to the Right Ho- 
 nourable Thomas Earle of ArundtU 
 and Surrey^ Earle Mtr/bail of 
 England, &c. 
 
 jHat Motive (Noble Sir) may 
 induce others in tlieir Dedi- 
 cations, 1 know not : fure 
 I am none other hath incited, 
 mee, then the regard of your 
 owne worth, and that native 
 ingenuitie and goodncfle of 
 Spirit I hauc ever percei\ ed in yon, fince it 
 was my good hap to enjoy your acquaintance, 
 and to Ijjend fomc houres with you at your 
 Booke in Norwich'^ where you had yoiu: 
 education under the Reverend, Religious, 
 and my Honourable good Lord, the then 
 Lord Billiop of Norrvich. And indeed, to 
 whom of right fliould rather appertaine thele 
 my Injhutlioiis^ (in regard of their fubjecil, 
 which is the falhioning of Nobilitie after 
 the beft prefidents) then to your lelfe, every 
 
 c 3 way 
 
The Epiflle Deciicator)'. 
 
 way fo Nobly dcfccnded. Bedde, it is 
 affirmed, that there are certaine Iparkes and 
 fecret feeds of vertue innate in Princes, and 
 the Children of Noble perfonages; which 
 
 fif chcrilhcd, and carefully attended in the 
 Dlo(T()mc) will yeeld the fruit of Indultry 
 and glorious Adtion ; and that not onely 
 above the ilrength of the vulgar, but even 
 in the Cion, and before the time which 
 pmdur,i„ Nature hath appointed. So Milles^ while 
 he was yet very young, undertookc to ihoote 
 the ficrcelt Lions and Boares; and was fo 
 nimble on foote, that he was able to take 
 a wilde Beall without either Toyle or Dogge. 
 i^ntsHmMh. Alexander alfo, when an Egyptian Prieft 
 "m^h. fakitcd him, being very young, by the names 
 of Sonne and Childc, rcplyed ; But you fliall 
 finde me a Man before the wallcs oi Athens. 
 ■?<f««.i.r4p. 3. But to omit Hcathenilh examples, Salomon^ 
 wee reade, v len he was but even a child, 
 begged wifedome of God, and grace to 
 governe well : and Ignatius, that holy Martyr 
 ^p'fl' 'V- ^■ writeth, how that Salomon was fcarce twelve 
 yceres of age, when he decided that hard 
 controverfie betweene the two Harlots. Nor 
 was loJ/M above 8. yeres old, when hee 
 walked religioully before God. And mee 
 thinkes (Sir) as in that Cornelian Stemme 
 cu-^. (whereof Sctpio was faid to be the top,) In quo 
 
 {ut 
 
 Vtr, 
 
 /^n.iri'(4/ lib. 
 
Tbi Epifile Dedicatory. 
 
 [ut plura genera In unam arborem) videtur infita 
 multorum tlluniinata 7?i/>/>///m) already you grow 
 apace : rcHcding, as from a fairc Glallc, that 
 princely mcxieration and honclty of heart ^ 
 of the good Duke your great Grand-father, 
 the Honourably dilpoled minde of my Lord, 
 your Noble l ather : together with his love 
 and admiration, of whatfoever is honeft or 
 excellent : lb tliat verily you need no other 
 patterne to the abfolute fhaping of your felfe, 
 then the Images of your Forerathers. But 
 as Arijlotle laith of tJ Vine, by how much 
 It IS laden with Clulle. by fo much it hath 
 need of props : fo fay 1 of Greatnelle and 
 Nobihtie, (ever fruitfull, and apt to abund- 
 ance) it hath hourely need of fupport and 
 heipe, by all timely advice and initruction, 
 to guide and uphold it from lying along. 
 
 Wherefore, fince the Fountainc of all 
 Counfell and Initrud:ion (ne.vt to the fcare 
 of God) is the knowledge of good Learning; 
 whereby our aftedions^are perfwaded, and 
 our ill manners mollified: 1 heere prefent 
 you with tiic firft and plaineft Directions 
 (though but as fo many kcies to leadc you 
 into farrc fairer roomes) and the readicft 
 Method I know for your Studies in gcncrall, 
 and to the attaining of the moft commendable 
 qualities that arc requilite in every Noble or 
 
 Gentleman. 
 
The EpijHe Dedicatory. 
 Gentleman. Nothing doubting, but that 
 
 .■I t- r yon have heerein fecnc the worth and 
 cxrcllence of Learning, how much it addeth 
 "u JSolili ie-y what errors are hourely com- 
 nuUvd through Ignorance , how fweet a thing 
 it is to converfe with the wifelt of all Ages 
 by Hiltory ; to have inhght into the moll 
 pleafing and admirable Sciences of the 'Slathe- 
 matiques^ Voetr\^ Pidure^ Heraldry ^^c. (where- 
 of I hecre intreat together with the molt 
 commendable exercife of the body; with 
 other generall diredtions for Carriage, Tra- 
 vaile, &c.) you will entertaine this difcourfe, 
 as Flyfjcs did 'Minerva at his elbow : as your 
 guide to knowledge the ground, not only of 
 the fweetelt, but the happielt life. And 
 though I am afllired there are numbers, who 
 (notwithltanding all the Bookes and Rules in 
 the world) had rather then behold the face 
 of heaven, bury themfelves in earthly lloath, 
 and bafelt idlenelle ; yet Sir ]]'iUiam Howard 
 at the lealt, let us recover you from the 
 tyranny of thefe ignorant times, and from 
 the common Education ; which is, to weare 
 tlie belt cloathes, eate, lleepe, drinke much, 
 and to know nothing. I take lea^■e, from 
 my houfe at Hogjdon by Londui^ May 30. 
 
 Jf^/jo /jr, and Jhall bee ever yours^ 
 
 Henry P e a c h e m. ' 
 
 < > To 
 
To my Reader 
 
 Am not ignorant [ludiciom 
 l{eader) how many peeces of the 
 mofi curious Miners have been 
 uttered to the world of this Sub- 
 ieflj ns Plutarch, Eraffnus, 
 Vives, Sadolet, Sturmius, 
 Oforius, Sir Th<Mna3 lUiot, 
 M. Askham, with Jundry others; jo that my J mall 
 Taper among Jo many larches^ were Osgood out^ as 
 feeming to give no li^ht at all. I confejfe it true. 
 But (li rare and curious flamps upon Coynes, for 
 their varietie and JhangeneJJe^ are daily enquired 
 after, and bought up, though the Silver bee all one 
 and common with ours : jo fares it with Bookes, 
 which {as Meddailes) beare the PiSlures and de- 
 vices of our various Invention, though the matter 
 bee the fame, yet for varietie fake they Jljall be read, 
 yea{andasthe fame dijhesdr^l after a newfajbion) 
 
 perhaps 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 perhaps pleafe the tafies of many better. But this 
 regard neither mooved mee. When 1 was beyond 
 the Seas, and in a part of ¥rance, adjoyningr/pon 
 Artoifc, / rvas invited oftentimes to the Houfe of 
 a Noble perfonage, rvho rvas both a great Souldier 
 and an excellent SchoUer j and one day above the 
 rejjy as voe fate in an open and goodly Gallery at 
 dinner, a young ^ngWmGentleman, rvho defirous to 
 travell, had been e in \tdX^ , and many other places, 
 fortunea to come to his houfe and (not fo rvell 
 furnijljed for his returne home as was fitting) de- 
 fired enter tainement into his fervice. My Lord, 
 who could Jpeake as little Englifh, as my Countrey- 
 man French, bade him welcome, and demanded by 
 mee of him, rvhat hee could doe : For I keepe none 
 (quoth \i€)but Juch as are comnn ndedforfome good 
 quality or other, and I give them mod allowance 
 fome an hundred,fome fixtie,fomefiftie Crownes by 
 theyeere : and callingfome about him.^(very Gentle- 
 man-like, as rvell in their behaviour, as apparell) 
 This (faith he) rideth and breaketh my great 
 Horfes this is an excellent Lutenifi, this a good 
 Patnter and Surueyer of land, this a pafsing Lin- 
 guifi and Scholler, who tnJhruSleth my Sonnes, (Sc. 
 Sir (quoth this young man) I am a Gentleman 
 borne, and can nncly attend you in your Chamber, 
 or waite upon your LordJlAp abroad. See (quoth 
 
 Monlieur 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 MonfieurdeLigiiy,/or fo was his name )horv your 
 Gentry o/' England are bred: that when they are 
 
 dijlreffed^ or went meanes in a flrange Countrey^ 
 they are brought up neither to any qualitie to pre- 
 ferre them^ nor have they jo much as the Latine 
 tongue to helpe themfelves withal/. J knew it gene- 
 rally to be true^ but for the time, and upon occafion 
 excujeditas 1 could; yet he was received, and after 
 returned to his friends in good fajhion. Hereby 
 I onely give to know, that there is nothing more 
 deplorable, than the breeding in generall of our 
 Gentlemen, none any more mijcrablc than one of 
 them, if he fall into mifery in a fi range Countrey. 
 IVhich I can impute to no other thing, than the 
 remijnefje of Parents, and negligence of Makers in 
 their y out h. J I Ijerefore at my camming over, con- 
 fidering the great forwardnejje, and profcience of 
 children in other Countries, the backwardnejje and 
 rawnefe of ours ; the indujhy of Maflers there, the 
 ignorance and idlenejjeof mofi 'of ours ; the exceed- 
 ing care of Parents in their d ildrens Education, 
 the negligence of ours: Being taken through change 
 ofayre with a ^^artane Fever, thatleafure I had 
 dwo Trapo^va/jLov, as I may truely fay, by fits I em- 
 ployed upon this difcourfe for the private ufc of a 
 Noble young Gentleman my friend^not intending 
 it Jhould ever Jee light, as you may perceive by the 
 
 plaine 
 
To the Reader. 
 
 plahie and Jhalloiv current of the Dijco'trjc^ fitted 
 to a youngand tender capacity. I loivfoeuer I have 
 done ity and ifthouJJjalt find herein any thing that 
 may content.^ at the leafi^ not difiafie thee^ I Jhall 
 be^lad and encouraged to a more fertous Peece: if 
 neither^but out of a malignant humour^ difdaine 
 what 1 hni'C done^ I care not ; I have pleafed my 
 Jelfc : and longfincc learned Mn \ y, together with 
 herSiJler ignorance, to harbour onely in the bafeji 
 and mofl degenerate breajl. 
 
Chap. I. 
 
 Of NohilityinGenerall: that it is 
 a Tlant from Hea ven J the Root 
 Branches y Fruit, 
 
 I F we confuicr arigluly the Frame of 
 the whole Viiivcrfe and Method 
 of the all-cxccllcnt Wifedome in 
 licr worke : as creating the formes 
 of things infinitely divers, fo 
 according to Dignity of EHcnce 
 or Vertue in effedr, vrc muft 
 
 acknowledge the fame to hold 
 
 a Soveraignty, and tranfcendent pracdominancc, as 
 well of Rule as Place, each over either. Ainon- the 
 heavenly bodies wee lee the Nobler Orbes, and of greateft 
 inBucnce to be raifed aloft, the lefle effeduall, deprclTcd. 
 Of Elements, the Fhe the moft pure and operitivc to 
 liold the higheft place : in compounded bodies, of tilings 
 as well fenfible, as infeniible, there runneth a veine of 
 Excellence proceeding from the Forme, ennobling (in 
 the lame kind) fome other above the reil. 
 
 The Lyon wee fay is Kins of Beafts, the Eagle chiefe Spencn m hi, 
 ot Birds; the Whale and Whirlc-pcole among Fiflies F^'-y Qiieene. 
 lupiters Oake the Forrefis King. Among Flowers, w ' 
 moft admire and efteeme the Rofe : Among Fruite, tiic 
 ptACHAM B Pom-i 
 
a Of Nobility in Generall. 
 
 Pom-roy and Quecnc-apple : among Stones, wee value 
 above all the Diamond ; Mettals, Gold and Silver : and 
 fince we knew thefe totransferre their inward excellence 
 and vertues to their Species furceflivcly, fliall we not 
 acknowledge a Noii/ity in Man of greater perfetStion, of 
 Nobler forme, and Prince of thefe ? 
 
 Can we be curious in difcerning a counterfeit from the 
 true Peaile ; to choofe our fiens of the beft fruit, buy our 
 Flowers at twenty pounds the roote or (lip: and not 
 regard or make difference of linage, nor bee carefull into 
 what Stockc we match our feives, or of what parents we 
 choofe a Servant? 
 
 Surely, to beleeve that Nature (rather the God of 
 Nature) produceth not the fame among our feives, is to 
 queftion the rareft Worke-miftris of ignorance or 
 Partiality, and to abafc' our feives beneath the Beaft. 
 Noii/itjf then (taken in the generall fence) is nothing clfe 
 then a ceitaine eminency, or notice taken of ibme one 
 above the reft, for fome notable ad performed, bee it 
 good or ill ; and in that fence are NoH/is and Ignotilis 
 ufually among the Latine Poets taken. More particularly, 
 and in the genuine fence, Noii/ity is the Honour of blood 
 in a Race or Linage, conferred formerly upon fome 
 one or more of that Family, cither by the Piincc, the 
 Lawes, cuftomcs of that Land or Place, whereby either 
 out of knowledge, culture of the mind, or by fome 
 glorious Adion performed, they have beene vfefull and 
 beneficiall to the Common-wealths and places where 
 they live. 
 
 For fmce all Vcrtue confifteth in Adion, and no man 
 is borne for himfelfe, we adde, beneficiall and vfctull to 
 his Country ; for hardly they are to be admitted for 
 Noble, who (though of never fo excellent parts) confume 
 their light, as in a darke Lanthorne, in contemplation, 
 and a Stoicall retiredneilc. 
 
 And 
 
 ' abuse eU. 
 
Of Nobility in Generall, ^ 
 
 And fince Honor is the reward of Virtue and glorious 
 A(5tions onely, Vice and Bafenefle muft not expcft her 
 favours : as the people of Rome created C. F/av/us from 
 a Tribune, Senator and ^JUe for ftealing of a booke of 
 Records: Euthicrates, Euphorias^ and Fhylagrus^ were 
 ennobled for treafon : and Cottier by Levjis the eleventh 
 the Fre»ci> King, vnvvorthily advanced from a mender 
 of Stockmgs, to l)e Lord Chr^nceilor of France. 
 
 Neither miift we honor or efteeme thofe ennobled, or 
 made Gentle in blood, who by Mcchanicke and bafe 
 meanes, have raked up a mafle of wealth, or becaufc 
 they follow fome great man, weare the Cloath <^a Noble 
 Perfonage, or have purchafed an ill Coat at a good rate ; 
 no more than a Player upon the Stage, for wearing a 
 Lords caft fuit : lintc Nobihty hangcth not upon the 
 ayery efteeme of vulger opinion, but is indeed of it felfc 
 eflentiall and abfolute. 
 
 Befidc, Nobility beint; iniierent and Naturall, can 
 have (as the Diamond) the luftre but onely from it felfe • 
 Honours and Titles externally conferred, are but atten- w,,^ 
 dant upon defert, and are but as apparel), and the M- 4. d^g^fiu 
 Drapery to a bcautifull body. ^hhon/;. omg. 
 
 Memorable, as making to our purpofe, is that fpeech 
 of Sigifmund the Empcrour, to a Dodor of the ciuill ThMappened 
 Law, who when he had received Knighthood at the Em- « '•^Councell 
 perours hands, left forthwith the fociety of his felJow whSVte* 
 Doctors, and kept company altogether with the Knights : Doaorj md 
 which the Emperour well obfervine, fmiline ^before Knights were 
 the open airembly) faid unto himf Foole, l^o pre. 
 terrelt Knighthood before Learning and thy degree - divided into 
 I can make a thoufand Knights in one day, but cannot 
 make a Dodtor in a thoufand yeares. Novv for as much 
 as the wcale publique of every Eftate, is prcK ved ^rmis 
 C5 covfilw, this faire Tree by two maine branches dif- 
 preadeth her lelfe into the Military and Civil! Difcipline • 
 under the firft 1 place Valour and Greatnelle of Spirit : 
 
 B 1 under 
 
4 Of Nobility in Gene rail. 
 
 vnder the other, lullicc, know leilj^e of the I,a\vcs, which 
 is Confilij fntis ; Ma;^niricencc, and Kloqiience. 
 
 For true Fortitude and greaincllc ot Spirit were cnno- 
 liled (we readc ) Iphicrates, that bnwe AtheniaTt^ who over- 
 threw in a ilt battailc the Lacedemonians^ Itopt the fury 
 of EpaminondaSj aiui lucuiic Lieutenant Gcnerall to 
 Artaxerxts King of Per/zrf, yet but the lonnc of a poore 
 Coblcr. 
 
 Eumeries^ one of the bcil Captaines for valour and 
 advice Alexander had^ was the Ibnne of an ordinary 
 Carter. 
 
 Dioclejian was the fonne of a Scrivener, or V>o6k- 
 binder ; yalentinian^ of a Rope-maker • Alaximinus, of j 
 • TfrfiWv.or Smith; 'Pertinax, of a Wood-monger; Servius Tullius, 
 
 s,Mo,„.. l« ^ f ^ Bond-won.an, thence his name Servius ■ Tar- 
 caufc he came quinius Prijcus, of a poore Merchant, or rather Ptdlcr m 
 from his CoTtnth i Hugh Capety the firft of that name, King ot 
 wimTd'hl!- Trance^ the fonne of a Butcher in Paris, who when Lewis 
 nijile him a the iixth, lonnc of Lothary, was poifoned by Blanch his 
 s hc)!ii r, lu- Wife for Adultery, being a ftout fellow, and of a refo- 
 i ' t i o Ih i- a '"^'^ Spirit, having gathered a company like himfelfe, and 
 wooii-niongir taking his advantage of the time, and diftempered 
 c.ipiroiwiKi. humour of the State, carried himfelfe and his bulineni; 
 Stc tilt „Qj. tj^g Crowne from the true heire, Charles 
 
 fare of Timet. wr , c r • 
 
 the Vnde of Lewis. 
 
 Latnujius, the third King of the Lnmhards, was the 
 fonne of a common Strumpet, found laid and covered 
 with leaves in a ditch by King Agelmond^ who by chance 
 riding that way, and efpying a thing ftirre in f c ditch. 
 Ex HifiorU touched it with the point of his Lance, to i c what it 
 l ongiiarj. was : which the Infant with the hand taking f all hold of, 
 the King amazed, and imagining it as a prcfage of fomc 
 gcKxl fortune toward the child, caufed it to be taken out 
 of the ditch, and to be brought up, which after (nurfed 
 in the lap of Fortune) by many degrees of Honour, got 
 the Crowne of Lomhardy. 
 
 Neither 
 
Of NobUitie in Genera//. f 
 
 Ncitlitr arc the trucly valorous, or any way vcituous 
 alliamcd ot tiicir ib mcanc Parentage, but rather glory 
 in themfelves that their merit hath advanced them aboue 
 fo many thoulands farrc better ddccnded. And hence 
 vou (hall many times heare them freely difcourfc of their 
 beginning, and plainly relate their bringing up, and 
 what their Parents were. I rcrr.cmber when I was in 
 the Loiu-Countriesj and lived with Sir lokn Ogle at ytrecht. 
 the reply of that valiant Gentleman Colonell Edmunds, Theinncnu- 
 to a Countrey-man of his newly comnc out of Scothmi ou« reply of 
 went Currant : who dcfiring entertainment of him told C"'""''" 
 him ; My Lord his Father, and luch Knights' and 
 Gcni:e-men, his Couzcns and Kinfmen, were in good 
 health, Quoth Colonell Edmunds, Gentlemen (to his 
 friends by) belceve not one word hce layes; My Father 
 is but a poorc Baker of Edenbourgh, and workes hard for 
 his living, whom this knave would make a Lord, to currie 
 favour with mce, and make yee beleeve I am a great man 
 borne, &c. 
 
 So that the valiant Souldier you fee, mcafurcth out of 
 the whole cloath his Honour with his fword : and hence 
 in ancient times came Rome, Athens, Carthage, and ot 
 late llie Ottowan Empire to their greatnelTc, Honour 
 being then highly prized, every one aymed at Nobilitie 
 and none refiifed the moft defperatc attempts for the 
 good of his Countrey. Thus the Decij, Cato, MarceUus 
 with infinite others, became ennobled, and had their 
 Altars, Statues, Columnes, &c. and were well nigh adored 
 with as great refpedl, as their Gods themfelves. 
 
 F rom no lelTe meanefle of birth and beginning, we finde 
 many great and famous Bilhops, Civilians, Orators, 
 Poets, &o to have attained to the grcatefl: dignities, both 
 of Church and Common-wealth, and to have checked 
 with their Fortunes, even Glory her felfe. Pope lohn the 
 two and twentieth, was a poorc Shooe-makers fonne • 
 Nicholas the fifth was fonnc of a Poultcr ; Sixtus the iift^ 
 
 of 
 
6 Of Nobility in Gene rail. 
 
 of a Hog-heard: Alpheuut but a Tailors Apprentice, 
 who rur Mng from his Mafter, went to Home., and there 
 ftudied tne Civill I.avv, and fo piofitcd, tlirit for his 
 Icarnine and wifedomc, he was after created Conlull. 
 Vlpian out meanely borne, yet Tutor to Alexander the 
 Emperour. Cicero vj^?. borne and brought up at ^rpinum^ 
 a poorc and obfciirc Village : yirgil^ the fonnc of a Potter: 
 Horace., of a Trumpeter : Theophraftus of a Botcher, with 
 infinite others I might alleage as well of ancient as 
 modernc times. 
 
 For doing lull ice, the Romanes of a private man and 
 a Granger, chofc Numa for their King : and on the con- 
 trary, (as Plutarch writcth, comparing them together) 
 Ltycurgus of a Kini^, for luftice fake, made himleit'e a 
 private man : for, A goodly thing (faith Plutarch) It is, l>y 
 doing iujlly to oitaine a Kingdome, and as glorious to prefer 
 lujlice before a kingdome \ for the vertue nf the one (N'unu) 
 made him jo ^'Jleemed and honoured^ that hee uas of all thought 
 •worthy of it • of the other., fo great that he fcomed it. 
 
 In like manner, for their good Lawes and doing 
 luftice, were advanced to their Thrones and goodly 
 Tribunals, Minos., Hhadamantus (though fubiec^s of Poets 
 fables,) Aratus^ Solon^ &c. And txv.v fairely (beyond 
 their Lawrcls) the name of lujl l)ecame Ariftides., 
 Trajune^ Agefilaus, with many others, I leave to Hiftory 
 to report. 
 
 For magnificence, and obliginge the places wherein 
 they lived, by great benefits, were ennobled Tartjuinius 
 PriJ'cus, a ftranger, and a baniflicd man: and of later 
 times, Cofmo di Medics in Florence., upon whofe vertues, 
 as upon a uire profpciil, or fome princely Palace, give 
 mee leave a little, as a traveller to breathe my felfe, and 
 fhew you a farre ofF the fairc Turrets of his more then 
 Royall Magnificence, being but a private m in, ;i> I rindc 
 it recorded in his Hiftory by Machiavell. This Cofmo 
 (faith he) tu/u the mofi efieemed^ and moji famout Citizen 
 
 (teing 
 
Of Nobility in GettemU. 7 
 
 ( Uiti^ I/O ma?i of -uarre) ihtt tver had heene in the memory 
 of man^ either in Florence, or any other City < iecaufe he 
 did »•/ tntly exctU all others (of his time) in Authority jnd 
 
 Riches^ hut alfo in Liberal ty and Wifedome. For among 
 other ijualities -which advanced him to he chief e of his Countrey^ 
 hte -was more than other men liter att and mapiifi cent, -which 
 liter all ty appeared much more after his death thati he''"e. 
 For his fonne Picro found by his Fathers Records^ that tnere 
 -was not any Citizen of eftimation, to -whom Cofmo had not 
 lent great fummes of Money : and man . 'mes alfo he did 
 lend to thofe Gentlemen, ivhow hee h^. jj to have need. 
 His magntfic na appeared hy divers his buildings : for -within 
 the City tf^Hoi cncc hee builded the Abbeyes and Templet 
 ofS. Marco, S. Lorenzo, and the Monaflery of S. V'crdianj, 
 and in the mountaines of Fiefolc, S. Girolamo, -with the 
 Ahkey thereto belonging. Alfo in Mugello hee did not only 
 repahre the Church for the Friers, but tooke it dovme, and 
 built it ane-jj. Beftdes thofe maptifcent buildings in S. 
 Crocc, in S. Agnoli, and S. Miniato, he made Altars, and 
 fumptuous Chappelt. All -which Temples and Chappels, 
 beftdes the buildings of them, luere by him paved, and fyjiifl^ed 
 throughl, "^ith all things neceffary. With thefe {ublike 
 buildings, -we may number his private houfes, -whereof one 
 •within the City meete for fo great a perfonage, and foure 
 other -without, at Carfiaggi, at Fiefolc, at Cafaggivolo, 
 and at Ticbio, all Palaces fitter for Princes than private 
 perfons. ^ -^nd becaufe his magnificent houfes in Italy did 
 not in his opinion make him famous enough, he builded in 
 lerufalem an Uoff>itaU to receive poore and difeafed Filgrimet. 
 In 'which -worie he confumed great fummes of money. And 
 albeit thefe buildings, and every other his anions -were princely, 
 and that in Florence hee lived like a Prince ^ yetfo governed 
 by -wifedome, as he never exceeded the bounds of civill modefl, . 
 For in his converfation, in riding, in marrying his Children 
 and Kinsfolkes, hee -was like vnto all other modefl and 
 dlfcreete Citizer/s : becaufe he well knew, that extraordinary 
 t tlnngs 
 
8 Of Nobility in Gtnn all. 
 
 tl^in^Sy '^'bici} tire i'*' all tm n -jjlth aJmiruthni />el:tU^ doe 
 procure more enuy^ van t' yje -'hi h ■uithout ojhfitation hte 
 koucfity covered, I nair* , as folis wtth flu,, lly after, his great 
 and cxcdliuc Ciargc m entertaining; of learned men of all 
 profeffions, to inflnidl the yowf Flortnce : his hounly 
 KO yhijropolo i;*;..'.- ;l, 1 Mar " " f'/V/Wj;, ( A hum hc 
 
 maintaiiR'J tor t.;c < vvi-^ilc of hit ownc Ihiaics in his 
 hbufc, and pave hint goodly Imds nccrc liis houfc of 
 r</r'..f^/,) 111. ' in tliat time of liiuMiIar !< ai ning, bccaufe 
 VeilUf !L.irc: !' ratht r to wondti than imitation. 
 
 To pu)cectt, .10 lelli- aljiccl. and honour is to be 
 attril)iiijii to ; .i):]ut nt(. , wheN ;>'. fo rmn,' iiave raifcd 
 ^ theii clk-eMK- an(i forUiiii:-, a-- al)ic 10 uiaw C ivility out 
 
 h^^^lliM^ of Barbaiiunc, and Iwa- whole Kuigdoin- ; i)v leading 
 beagcd.baUi, with • Cf/z/V/'P //cr.ft/, 'ude' Ji:::- , i! c (.arc . 
 
 andwnnckled, Marke Anthony co. b: i-.iinii: rlugi.iius !<ir the 
 
 Jd°cl"d w'X' 1-! ipir'^', •i'^"ai L- .u-elfe hc could -Kvcr obtainc 
 
 aLyonjskin, ^is purpole wlule Cicero lived, therefore hc procured his 
 holding in his death. The like tiid Ant'tpater^ a lUccelTor to Alexander^ 
 dSh' in"'".'! kft i^'-"'^^ ' ' ' ' t he Mona rcii) < « f Creece. And 
 
 a b.>'\v, u til a i^ot long lincc a {Xjorc Mahumetan Priell, by hi.s I'mooth 
 Q^nvci jt his tongue, got the Crowne of Morocco from the right hcire, 
 fSl 'cS m"^ bciiv of the houfe . f GluJ'eph or lofcph. And iniu li iuirt 
 of Gold and '•••'.V' doe, if like a mad mans I'word, it be vfed by a 
 Amber faftned turbulcnt and iTiutinous Orator : otherwife we muft hold 
 ho°r^''' the n ^ principall mcancs of cu rcctin^^ ill ni mners, reformint^ 
 nf h;s ngiu','' 'i^^ ' iiumbliiig afpi! ing minds, and upliolding all vertuc. 
 .irju mg j' h'or as Serpents are charmed -with "ujords^ fo the mofi favage 
 "eo'l" "v "n "^'^ "'"'^^ natures hy Eloquence : whicli ibme interpret, to 
 t^'oXn-.u .ruT be tlv meaning of Mercuries golden Rod, with thofc 
 him, ( ' > y Serp' .Is wreatiud about it. Much therefore it con- 
 nuddo wn- cernc.a Princes, not onely to countenance honeft and 
 
 unto us [he ^ \ ^ ■ ■ r , 
 
 p...vi r of ioquent Orators, but to mamtame luch neere alxiut 
 KUiquiiu-,-. ! em, as no mt ane props (if occalioii fcrue) io vpliold a 
 rii,, in Vm„. State, and the onely keyes to bring in tunc a difcordant 
 ' Common.wealth. 
 
 But 
 
of Nobility in GeneraU. ^ 
 
 But it Hull not be aminrc ere I pr(Kced further, to i.7M,fl.«n 
 remove certaine doubts, which as rubs clog the cleaic o"»ft«'Jy- 
 pillage of our difcourll; and the hrll concerning Bailardv 
 wlKthcr Bartards may bee faid to bee nobly borne or not : 
 I anlwer with lufilnian^ Sordes inter fracipuos nominari non 
 merentwr. Yet it is the cuftome with vs, atui m France^ 
 to allow them for Nohlr, l,y givin- them fomctimcs 
 tluir Fathers proper Coate, with a bend Sinifter, as 
 Rtiptald Earle of CernewaU, bafe fonne to the Conqueror, 
 lure Ins Fathers two Leopards paHint gardant, Or, in a 
 field Gu/es^ with a bend Smilter Azure: The liJce 
 Hamlin, bafefonnc to Geofrey Plsntsgenet, Ear'c ofSmrty. 
 Some their fathers whole Coatc, or part of the fame in 
 bend dexter ; as M» Beaufrr., a Ballard of Somerfef 
 lure par f J' per pale argent and Azure, a bend <^ England 
 with a Jabcll of France. Sir Roger de Clarendon, bale fon' 
 to the blacke Prince, his fathers three feathers, on a 
 bend Sable, the Held Or. I willingly produce' thefe 
 examples, to contirme our cuftome of ennobling them • 
 and though the Law Icaneth not oa their fide, yet ftand' 
 they m the head of the troopcs, with the moft deferving, 
 yci-, and many timet (according to Euripidcsj froove»^tter * , ■ 
 then the Ultimate. Who arc more famous then Ren.us J^^^/l 
 and Romuluf, who laid the firll ftone of Rome ? more -*'«</'»«»^'. 
 couragious and trucly valiant, then Hercules, Alexander 
 our King Arthur of Britaine, and WiUiam the firfl? more 
 critically Jcarncd then Ch-iftopher Longo/ius, lacotus 
 Faherf more modcit, and of better Jife, then Ccelius 
 Calgaguh;us, the delight of his Ferrara, with infinite 
 others ? and where decretals and Schoolcmcn may lx:are 
 the bell, thofe two Grandes, Gratian and Lombard ? 
 
 A fccond queftion arifeth, whether hee that is Noble » concerning 
 dclctnded, may by his vice and bafenefll- lofe his Nobility vice and bafe? 
 or no. It is anfwered, that if hee that is ignoble and 
 inglorious, may acquire Nobility by Vcrtuc : theothe - 
 may ^cry well lofe it by his Vice. But fuch are the 
 
 ' (vv9oi r* woKKoi ^I'ljf'iav amivovu ^ndrcnuci-, « ;fi \ mifcrabic 
 
3. Qucftion. 
 Concerning 
 Poveny. 
 
 4.. Qu eft ion. 
 Of Advocates, 
 and Phyfuians. 
 
 Fxtitt f.ex Cm- 
 tftntinif lih, I0« 
 
 ^rifitfhMiet in 
 Ptut*. 
 
 To wlior' wai 
 (irft given, be- 
 ing a dcvouc, 
 
 10 Of Nobility in Generall. 
 
 miferablc corruptions of our times, that Vices goe for 
 prime Vtrtucs : and to be drunke, fweare, wench, follow 
 the fafliion, and to do juft nothing, arc the attributes and 
 markes now adayes of a great part of our Gentry. Hence 
 the A^igent'mes expelled their Phalaris the Romanes 
 extinguifhed the memory of the whole race of the 
 Tarquines, with thofe Monfters of Nature, Nero, He/ioga- 
 ia/uf, &c. the Sicilians Dionyjius the latter, with others. 
 
 Thirdly, whether Poverty impeachelh or ftaineth 
 Nobility. I anfwcr, Riches arc an ornament, not the 
 caufe of Nobility; and many times wee fee there lyeth 
 more worth under a thred-bare Cloakc, and within a 
 thatched Cottage, than the richeft Robe, or ftatelieft 
 Palace. Witnelle the Noble Curij and FaMtij, taken 
 from a poore dinner of Turneps and Water-crelfes in an 
 earthen difli, to leade the Romane Army, and conquer the 
 moll potent Kings of the world. 
 
 Fourthly, concerning A duocates and Phyfitians, whether 
 we may rankc them with the ennobled or no. Advocates 
 or Counfellors being Interpreters of the Law, their place 
 is commendable, and themfelves moft neceflary Inftru- 
 ments in a Common-wealth; wherefore, faith the Civill 
 Law, their calling is honourable, they ought to be freed 
 of mulifts, publike charges, and all impofitions ; and to 
 be written or fent unto, as unto perfons of efpeciall worth 
 and dignity. 
 
 Touching Phyfitians, though the profefllon by fome 
 hath bcene thought fcrvile, and in times pall was 
 pratftifed by fervants, as Domitian (faith Seneca) imperavit 
 medico fervo^ vt venenum Jlhi daret^ and that flovenly 
 Epithite of Scatophagos be by Ariftophanes beftowed upon 
 Mfculapius ; yet it is an Art nothing fcrvile and bafe, but 
 noble and free, fincc we know not oneiy Empcrours and 
 Kings, but Saints, yea, our blefled Saviour to have cured 
 the ficke j as CenfioMtine^ Adrian^ Ed-ward the Confeflbr 
 King of England^ Mithridates King of P#r»rKr, (whofc 
 
 Antidote 
 
of Nobilitie in General/. 1 1 
 
 Antidote yet beareth his name) Artemifia Quecnc of and mod re- 
 Caria^ who firft found the vertue of Mugwort, bearing ''8'°"^ King, 
 her name in Latine; Gentius King of lUyricum (now ifheKin«' 
 Selavonia) who immortally liveth in the herbe Genttana : Evill, whence 
 as alfo Lyf.machus in his Ly fimackia, Achilles in Achillea^ j.' l^ne 
 or the Yarrow: ApoUo^ Podalirius, Mofes^ Efay, Salomon, l7„g,of°""' 
 Ezechias. Honour the Phyfitian, faith Ecclefiafticus : then Engfand his 
 againe, AU Phyftcke or medUhie is from God^ and he Jl^all Suceefforj. 
 receive a re-jjard from the King: the Skill of the Phyfitian 
 JhaU exalt his head^ (Sc. And as Ptolemy fometime 
 objeded againft Zoilus concerning Homer, fo may I unto 
 our Lordly Miftatrous, or Phyficke-haters : Which of 
 them all, trcbble their revenewes, can maintaine fo many 
 as one poore Galen or Hippocrates^ who though dead 
 many hundreds of yeeres fincc, feed many thoufands of 
 families, even at this prefent ? I heere intend nocommon 
 Chyrurgians, Mountebancks, unlettered Empericks, and 
 women Dodtors (of whom for the moft part there is 
 more danger, then of the worft difcafe it felfc) whofe 
 pradice is infamous, Mechanique, and bafe. 
 
 Fifthly, concerning Merchants ; the exercife of Mer- r-Qu?ftion. 
 chandizc hath bcenc (I confefTe) accounted bafe, and of ^^'"n"- 
 much derogating from Nobility, except it be exercifed 
 and undertaken by a general 1 Eftate, or the Deputies 
 thereof. Ariptle therefore faith, That the Thehanes and 
 Lacedaemonians had a Law, that none iliould bee efteemed Hippolytus a 
 and held capable of Honour in their Common-wealth 
 except they had ten yeeres before given over Trading and 
 Merchandize: and Valerius Maximus reporteth,that among 
 other things the Romanes had to difparage Ta.^utuitu 
 Prifcus withall, and make him odious to the people, was 
 that he was a Merchants fonne. Saint Chryfofiome upo i 
 that place oF Matthe-jj, Hee caft out the buyers and fellers aryf^lt.f^^- 
 out of the Temple : gathereth, that Merchants hardly and 
 feldome pleafe God. And certainc it is, that the ancient 
 Romanes never preferred any that excrdfed Merchandize, ub. i. t^t. 
 
 to 
 
12 
 
 OfNobilhie in Generall. 
 
 to any eminent place or office in their Common-weafth, 
 perhaps agreeing in one with Afiftotle. who fpcaking oF 
 Merchants and Mechanickcs, faith j Vilis eft hujufmodl 
 ^nft. poi„u. 7. vira^ & virtuti adverfa. This kinde of life is bafe, and 
 "V- +• contrary to vcrtuc. 
 
 But lome may objcdl unto mce the great Ellatcs of 
 V mice, Genoa, Florence, Luci, &c. where their Nobility is 
 nothing difparaged by the exercife of Merchandize. I 
 anfwer ; as their Coines at home they may raife them- 
 fclvts higher or lower at their plcafurc: but abroad (like 
 Citie Majors) in other Countries they fall under value, 
 and a great deale fliort of their reckoning. 
 
 But if the owner of the Earth, and all that therein is, 
 hath fo bcltowed and difpofed of his blellings, that no 
 one Countrcy affordeth aP things: but muft be beholden 
 not oncly to her neighbours, but even the moft remote 
 regions, and Common-wealths cannot iland without 
 Trade and Commerce, buying and felling : I cannot (by 
 the leave of fo reverend judgements) but account the 
 honeft Merchant among the number of Benefactors to 
 his Countrcy, while he expofeth as well his life as goods, 
 tothehazzardof infinite dangers,fomctimes for medicinall 
 of s.<A,»M„, Drugges and prefervatives of our lives in cxtremitie of 
 Sc'. Chronicles ''^l^n'-ft.- 5 another, for our food or cloathin<r in times of 
 a. chap. I. Icarcitic and wants, haply for ufefull neceflaries lor our 
 vcrfc 16. vocations and call ings : or laftly, for thofe Senfus ^ antmi 
 ohkaamenta, which the Alniightie providence hath 
 purpolely, for our folace and recreation, and for no other 
 verTii"' ^' '^^^^ created, as Apes, Parrots, Peacockes, Canary, 
 
 and all finging Birds; rareil Flowers for colour and 
 fmell, precious Stones of all forts, Pearle, Amber, Corall, 
 Chiiilal], all manner of fwcct odi)urs, fruits, infinitely 
 differing in forme and talie : Colours of all forts, for 
 painting, dying, &c. but I proceed. 
 oVSnkall ''"'^ touehiny Meclunicali Arts and Artifls, 
 
 Arts and wholocvcr labour for their livelihood and gainc, have no 
 Artift.. ,1,^,4. 
 
T 
 
 Of Nobility in Genera//. i 3 
 
 lliarc at all in Nobility or Gentry : as Painters, Stagc- 
 playcrs, Tumblers, ordinary Fiillers, Innc-kecpers, Fen- 
 cers, luglers, Dancers, Mountebanckcs, Bcarcwards, and 
 the like ; (except the cultomc of the place determine the 
 contrary) as Herodotus and Xenophon witnede to have 
 beeae obferved, both among the ^gyptiansy Scythians^ 
 and Corinthians. The reafon is, becaufe their bodies are 
 fpcnt with labour and travailc, and men that are at their 
 workc, Ajjidui ^ accuiui vmtratiles ejfe coguntur. Yea, 
 if a Noble man, borne in captivity, or conftrained through 
 any other neccffity, lliall cxcrcife any manuall occupation 
 or Artj hee by the opinion of fome, loofeth his Nobility 
 Civill, but not Chriilian, and flull at his retumc be 
 reftored. Where I laid the cuftome of the Country. 
 1 intend thus : by the law of Mahomet^ the Gra?id Sigyiior 
 or great Turke himfelfe, is bound to cxcrcife fome 
 manuall Trade or Occupation (for none mull: be i llc-) 
 as Solyman the Magnificent, that fo threatned Viennu^ his 
 tratie was making of Arrow-heads; Achmat the laft, 
 home rings for Archers, and the like. 
 
 From the roote and branches, let vs taftc the fruitc, 
 which fall not (like tlie apples of Sodome) with a light 
 touch into nothing, but are as thofe of He^erides^ golden, 
 and out of the vulgar reach. 
 
 Firlt, Noble or Gentlemen ought to bee preferred in 
 Fees, Honours, Offices, and other dignities of command 
 and government, before the common people. 
 
 They are to be admitted neere, and about the pcrfon 
 of the Prince, to be of his Councell in warre, and to beare 
 his Standard. 
 
 We ought to give credit to a Noble or Gentleman, 
 before any of the inferiour fort. 
 
 He muft not be arrefted, or pleaded againft uptm 
 cofenage. 
 
 We muft attend him, and come to his houfe, and not 
 he to ours. 
 
 His 
 
 Xenophon in 
 Oeronomica. 
 
 A faint and 
 fpent reafon. 
 
 Hippoljt. a CoU, 
 in jixiomat. 
 
 The fruit and 
 vTeof Nobilit/. 
 
 Wliich was 
 the otficc of a 
 Baron in 
 ancient times. 
 
 3 
 
14 Of Nobilitie in Gmerall. 
 
 His punifliment ought to be more favourable, and 
 honorable upon his tryall, and that to bee by his Pceres 
 of the fame Noble rankc. 
 
 He ought in all fittings, meetings, and falutations, to 
 have the upper hand, and grcateft refped:. 
 
 They muft be cited by Bill or Writing, to make their 
 appearance. 
 
 In criminal! caufes. Noblemen may appeare by their 
 Atturney, or Procurator. 
 
 They ought to take their recreations of hunting, hawk- 
 ing, &c. freely, without controule in all places. 
 
 Their imprifonment ought not to bee in bafe manner, 
 or fo ftridt as others. 
 
 They may eate the befl: and daintieft meate that the 
 pace afFordeth ; weare at their pleafure Gold, Jewels 
 the beft apparell, and of what fafliion they pleafe, &c. ' 
 
 Befide, Nobility ftirreth vp emulation in great Spirits, 
 not onely of equalling others, but excelling them ; as 
 in Cimm^ the elder Scifio Afrlcanus^ Decius the fonne 
 Alexander^ Ed'ward our blacke Prince, and many other.' 
 
 It many times procurcth a good marriage, as in 
 Germany^ where a faire Coate and a Creft is often pre- 
 ferred before a good revenew. 
 
 It is a fpurrc in brave and gcxjd Spirits, to beare in 
 mind thofe things which their Anceftors have nobly 
 atcheived. 
 
 It transfcrreth it felfc unto Poftcrity : and as for the 
 moil: part, wee fee the children of Noble Perfonages to 
 beare the lineaments and refemblance of their Parents: 
 fo in like manner, for the moft part, they poirclTe their 
 vertues and Noble difpofitions, which even in their 
 tenderdt yeeres will bud forth, and difcover it felfe. 
 
 Having difcourfed of Nobility in Gcnerall, the divi- 
 fion, and ufe thereof: give me leave in a word, to inveigh 
 againll the pittifull abufe thereof, which like a plague, I 
 thinke,hath infedted the whole world, every undeferving 
 
 and 
 
of Nobilitie in Generall. i f 
 
 and bafe Peafant ayming at I^obilitie: which miferable 
 ambition hatli lb furniihed both Towne and Countrey 
 with Coates of a new lilt j that were Demoeritus Jiving, 
 he might have laughing matter for his life. In Naples^ 
 fuch is the pride of every bafe groonie, that though hee 
 be di Jlalla^ he mull be termed Signore^ and fcarce will he 
 open a Note from a poore CaUolaio^ to whom he hath 
 becnc a twclvemoneth indebted for his Bootes, if Don 
 be not in the luperfcription. 
 
 In Venice likewife, every Mechanique is a Magnifico^ 
 though his magnificenza walketh the Market but with a 
 Chequin. 
 
 In Fratice, every Peafant and common Lacquey is 
 faluted by name of Momfieury or Sirt, the King himlelfc 
 having no other Title. The word Sire immediately pix>- 
 ceeding from Cyrus^ the Perjian word for a Lord or great 
 Prince,as H.Stephanus well noteth j or as it pJeafeth lome, h inan. 
 from impot authoritie, or Kvptos, a Lord or Governour, 
 TrdAftof Ka\ roTitav Kvpioi. Goe but from Paris to yiniou^ Demajl. 
 and Itf if you find not all, from the Count to the oijmi,. x. 
 Efculierey allyed either to the King, fome Prince of the 
 blood. Noble, Peere, or other. 
 
 In the L(nu Countries^ mine old Holl at Arnkem in 
 Gilderland, dizn^cd hisCoate and Creft thrice in a fort- 
 night, becaufe it did not pit ale his young Wife. For 
 there yee muft underftand, they are all Gentlemen by a 
 Grant, (they fay) from Charles the lift, in confideration 
 of a great lumme of monev they lent him in time of his 
 warres. Come into what noufe foever, though mijn heer 
 vjeerf^he but a Gardiner, RopemaKer, or A^uavit^-{cllery 
 you lhall be lure to have his Armcs, with the Beaver 
 full faced (allowed to none but Kings and Princes) in 
 his GlalTe-window, with fome ingenious Motto or other 
 of his owne device. I remember one Telink there, gave 
 for his Coate a wilde Goofe in the water, with this witty 
 one J Volant, natoHs. Another, three Hogs falling upon 
 
 a 
 
1 6 Of Nobility in General/. 
 
 a Dog, who was lugging one of their fellowcsj with this 
 'Concord >' E»e/racf?t mackt macbt. Another, three great drinking 
 makes might. u^,^]cs^ Orbiquiers, with this truely Dutcfy, and more 
 tolerable than the reft, underneath, ^Ijtem non fecere 
 difertum ? with infinite others of like Nature : yet the 
 ancient Nobilitie (whereof there arc many Honourable 
 families ; as Hohenlo^ Egmont^ Home, BreJeroJe^ Wag- 
 gender^ BotJ'elger^ with fundry others) keepe themfelves 
 entire, and maintaining their ancient Houiesand reputa- 
 tion, free from fcandall of diflionour, as well as we, 
 laugh at thele their boorilh devices. 
 
 Some againc, by altering letters or fyllables, or adding 
 to their names, will infinuate themfelves into Noble 
 lioufcs, and not llicke many times to bcare their Coates. 
 
 But the moft common and worft of all, is in all places 
 the ordinary purchafing of Armes and Honours for 
 Money, very prejudicial! to true Nobilitie and politique 
 goucrnmcnt : for who will hazzard his pcrfon and eftate 
 to infinite dingers for Honour, when otliers at home may 
 have it fine fudore i3 favguine^ onely by bleeding in the 
 vena fax*/, called marjufium? The pure Oyle cannot mingle 
 with the water, no more this extracted quinteflcnce and 
 Spirit of Vertue, with the dregges and fubfiftence of un- 
 Hippaljtui a worthincfle. Euripides, when his Father told him he was 
 Knighted, made him this reply; Good Father ^you haue that 
 'which every man may have for his Money, And certaincly, 
 Vertue dum petit ardua^ will not ftoope to take up her 
 rev/ard in the ft eet. The French man is fo bold, as to 
 terme fuch intruders Gentil-villaines ; but I dare not ufe 
 that word, left fome that challenge the firft part of it, 
 lliould rcturne mee the latter. 
 
 Laftly, to conclude, moft pitifiill is the pride of many, 
 who when they are nobly borne, not onely ftaine their 
 ftocke with vice, and aU bafe behaviour, relying and 
 vaunting of ihfir long pcdegrces, and exploits of their 
 Fathers, but (themfelves living in floath and idlenes) 
 
 difparage 
 
of Nob Hi tie in Getierall. 1 7 
 
 diiparage and difgrace tliofc, who by their vertuous eii- 
 dcaiiours arc riilng. To thcle and iuch, I oppofe Mar'm^ 
 and that stout reply of his in Salufi : They contemne mee 
 as an upflart^ I fcorne their /loath and bafenejfe. A-^aine, 
 IVhat they uUely heare and reade at home, my felfe hath 
 either afled orfeene^ if they fcorne mee, let them fcorne their 
 Anceflors, -who came hy their Kobilitie as I haue done : If 
 they enuy mine Honour, let them alfo envy my labours, mine 
 innocence, my perils, ^c. Now lee how equally they dcale: 
 that which they arrogate to themfelvcs from the vertue 
 of others, that they deny me for mine ovvne, becaufe I 
 have no Images, and my Nobilitie is new, &c. Shortly 
 after : I cannot, to proove my difcent, bring forth the 
 Images of my Ancellors, their Triumphs, their Conful- 
 fliips; but if need be, I can fliew Launces, my Enfignc, 
 Capacifons, and other fuch warlike implements, befitlea 
 number of Icarres upon my breaft : theic arc my In ages, 
 mv Nobilitie, not left me by dcfcent and inheritance, &c! 
 /\nd as rtfolule of late yceres, was the anfwcre oiVerdugo 
 a Spaniard, Commander in Frifeland, to certaine of the 
 Spanijb Nobilitie, who murmured at a great feaflr, that 
 tlie fonne of a Hang-man fliould take place above them, 
 ^for fo he was, and his name importeth :) Gentlemen 
 (quoth he) queftion not my htrth, or -who my Father 'was, I 
 . /' the fonne of mine o-wne defert and Fortune; if any man 
 dares as much as I have done, let him come and take the 
 Tables end -with all my heart. 
 
 FEACHAM 
 
 C 
 
 Chap. 
 
1 8 Of the diffiitie and necefsitie of Learning, 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 Of the dignitie and necefsitie of Learning 
 in Princes and Nobilitie. 
 
 Since Learning then is an eflintiaU part of Nobilitie, 
 AS unto which wee are beholden, for whatfoever de- 
 pendeth on the culture of the minde ; it followeth, that 
 who is nobly borne, and a Schollcr withal!, deferveth 
 Si *i ntuTtm double Honour, being both cvyerTjs and 7roXii^afl»)s : for 
 nimam tnditU hecrcby as an Enfigne of the fairelb colours, he is afarre 
 Xm^m'fiHZare difccmed, and winncth to himfclfe botli love and 
 t^Zmllijh'e admiration, hcighthing with skill his Image to the life, 
 /./rt, CU-. fro making it precious, and lafting to pofteritie. 
 
 Pacta. Yt was the reply of that learned King of Arragon to 
 a Courtier of his, who affirmed, that Learning was not 
 requifite in Princes and Nobilitie, ^uefia ^ voce d'un hue^ 
 non d'un Huomo. For if a Prince bee the Image of God, 
 governing and adorning all things, and the end of all 
 gouernment the obfervation of Lawes; That thereby 
 might appeare the goodnefle of God, in protefting the 
 good, and punifliing the bad, that the people might be 
 fafliioned in their lives and manners, and come neerc in 
 the light of knowledge unto him, who mull proted and 
 defend them, by eftablifhing Religion, ordaining Lawes ; 
 by fo much (as the Sunne from his Orbe of Empire) 
 ought he to out-runne the reft in a vertuous race, and 
 out-fliine them in knowledge, by how much he is mounted 
 neerer to heaven, and fo in view of all, that his leaft 
 eclipfe is taken to a minute. 
 sUtthtmt. lib. What (tell me) can be more glorious, or worthy the 
 17. of. 4,0. Scepter, than to know God aright j the Myfteries of our 
 falvation in lefus Chrift, to converfe with God in foule, 
 T^fjum, I. Cap. ar.d oftner than the mcere natural! man, to advance him 
 +• 33- in his Creatures? to bee able with Saiomm to dil'pute 
 
 from 
 
ifi Princes and Nobility. 1 9 
 
 from the loftieft Cedar on Ul>anut^ to the lowcit Hilop 
 upon the wall; to be tlic Conduit Pipe and initrumcnt, 
 whereby (as in a goodly Garden) tlic Iwctt Ifrcames 
 of heavens blefTings arc conveyed in piety, peace and 
 plenty, to the nourifliing of thoufauds, and the aourifli- 
 ing ot the molt ingenious Arts and Sciences. 
 
 Wherefore, faith the Kingly Prophet, EruJmim Re. Pfalm. 
 ges, &c. as if he fliould fay: how can you Kings and Jud- 
 ges of the earth underltand the grounds of your Reli- 
 gion, the foundation and beginnings of your Lawes, the 
 ends of your duties and callings : much lelTe determine 
 of luch controverfies, as daily arife within your Rea'mcs 
 and circuits, define in matters of Faith, publique luftice 
 your private and Otconomicke affaires : if from your 
 cradles yce have bcene nurlld (as Salomons fbolc) with Prov ly 
 Ignorance, b.utifh Ignorance, motker of aU mjny, that p/<„,, /,*.",. ^ 
 mfedteth your belt adtions with folly, rancketh you next 
 to the beaft, maketh your talkc and dilcourfe loathfome 
 and heavy to the hearer, as a burthen vfon the -way, your Ecdrfiaft if 
 felves to be abufed by your vaflals, as blind men by their 
 Boyes, and to bee led up and downe at the will and plea- 
 fure of them, whofe eyes and eares you borrow. 
 
 Hence the royall Salomon^ above all riches of God, 
 dcfired wifedome and vnderftanding, that he might 
 governe, and goe before fo mighty a people. And the 
 anaent Romanes^ when their voyces were demanded at v^if.. .» r*.>. 
 the Eledtion of their Emperor, cryed with one confent, 
 ^tts melior quam literatus ? Hence the Perfians would 
 eledt none for their King, except he were a great Philo- 
 lophcr : and great Alexander acknowledged his, eS eTyat, 
 from his Malter Arifiotle. 
 
 Rome faw her beft dayes under her moft learned Kings 
 and Empcrours : as Numa, Augujlus, Titus, Antoninus^ 
 Confiantme, TheoJofius, and fome others. Plutarch giveth pintarch. in 
 the reafon : Leaning (laith hee) reformeth the life and '"^-V-.. 
 manners, and affbordeth the wliolefomeft advice for 
 
 the 
 
 C X 
 
2 Of the dignity and necessity of Learnings 
 
 the government of a Common-wealth. I am not igno- 
 rant, but that (as all gwdiicirc die) flice hath met with 
 her mortall enemies, the Champ'ons of Ignorance, as 
 UtnfiM. Uciniui gave for his Mot or PotTic: ^tfes Beiputlicm 
 liters and Le-vjis the eleve nth, king Ot France^ would 
 ever charge his lonne to karnc no more Latinc than 
 this, ^ nefcit diffimulare^ nefc'tt rtgHore-^ but thefe are 
 the fancied of a few, and thofe of ignorant and corrupted 
 ludgements. 
 
 Since learning then joyned with the tcare of God, is 
 fofaithtUll a guide, that without it Princes undergoebut 
 lamely (as Chryj'ofivme faith) tlieir grcateib affaires ; they 
 are blind in dilcretion, ignorant in knowledge, rude and 
 barbarous in manners and living : the ncceflity of it in 
 Princes and Nobility, may cafily be gathered, who how- 
 locver they flatter themfelves, with the fauourablc Sun- 
 Ihine of their great ellatcs and Fortunes, are indeed of 
 no other account and reckoning with men of wifedome 
 and underftanding, than Glowormes, thatonely lliinc in 
 the darke of Ignorance, and are admired of Idiots and 
 Plutarch.. ^/riat. the vulgar for the out-fide ; Statues or Huge Colojfos full of 
 in EmUrm. Lead and ruhb'tjl) '•jj'ithtn ; or the JEgyptian Aire, that 
 thoug'.it himfclfc worllupiuU for bearing golden Ifis upon 
 his backe. 
 
 Sigifmund King of the Romanes, and fonnc to Charles 
 imgtu. the fourth Empciour, greatly complained at the Councell 
 
 of Comfiance^ of his Princes and Nobility, whereof there 
 was no one that cou'd anfwer an Emballador, who made 
 a I'peech in Latinc; whereat Lodouicke, the Elcdor 
 Pa/atifjey tooke luch a deepc difdaine in himlelfe, that 
 with tcares alhamed, he much iamentea '.is want of 
 '"aming ; and prefently liercujx)n re*-urninfi home, began 
 ilbcit hee was very old) to learnt his ' tine tongue. 
 Elfcrhard alio, the firll Duke of U^irtenterg^ at an aflembly 
 of many Princes in Italy (who difcourfed excellently in 
 Latine, while he flood IHII and could fay nothing) in a 
 
 rage 
 
/// Princes nid Nubii'ity. 21 
 
 rage flrookc is Tutor or Govcrnoi thcri un-fciu, for 
 not apr!; ing him to his Bookc when he was younjr. I 
 gladly aJk-adgc theft- examples, as by a publike • ^uJnccU 
 to condcmne ipinion of Hcreiie, btleeving to tc .ich, and 
 teaching to belt eve, tlieunnecefiity of taming in Nobility; 
 an crrour as prejudiciaJl to t»ur Land, as lomctime was 
 that rotten Chcft to Mth'mpia^ whofe corrupted ayre 
 venU'd after many liuiidreds of yeeres, brought a plague 
 not oncly upon that Country, but over the whole 
 world. 
 
 I ceafe to vrge fuitlier, the necellity and di^mity v>\ 
 learning, having (as Oiiavius laid to Decius, a Captainc 
 of Anthonies^ to the underilanding fpoken fufficient : 
 but to the ignorant too much, had I faid lefle. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Of /he time of Learnin^^ Duty of MaJ/ers, 
 a fid n^hat the fittrjl 'Method to bee obferved. 
 
 AS the fpring is the onely fitting feede time for graine, 
 fctting and planting in Garden and Orchard : fo 
 youth, the Aprill of mans life is the moft naturall and 
 convenient feafon to Icatter the Seeds of knowledge upon 
 the ground of the mind, hfl yap eiOh « viov ipiytaBai^ 'PIm» fi^itu. 6. 
 faith P/a/o, It behooveth In youth out of hand^ to defire and 
 bend our minds to learning: neither as gtxxi Huf bands, 
 while time ferveth, let (lip one houre: /or, faith he, 
 elfewhere. Our ground is hard^ and our horfes he -wild: jn Fhtdn. 
 withall, if we mcane to reape a plentifull harvert, take we 
 the counfell of Adraflus in Euripides^ To looke that the 
 feede tee good. For, in the foundation of youth^ -well ordered 
 and taught., confiflsU'^ith Flato againe^ the flourifhing of the 
 Commonwealth. This tender age is like water fpilt upon a 
 
 table. 
 
2i Uj the duty f MafUu. 
 
 ti'''' which with a (in^'cr wti luv draw and dircd which 
 ^ ; or i K tli/ youn Hop, wliich, if wanting a 
 X) :aKi 1 hold t)t the lu ,\l . li^ o : fo that now is the 
 umt as U'axc) to workc it pH uit to any forme. 
 
 Ht w many c-xc- Iki i -.vits l-..iv wc- in tliis Land, th.it 
 ! ;<.l: tiic Ca*-!- ,bynt ^; \. in t!u ir young time when 
 t v >n|cl 't Ii-arned . Hor. his /m?/, once 
 h • lincc t(X) had for the htf> \ inegtr, 
 
 It earcs t)f dilcietion, and folid undc-- 
 It - , , bcwaile thtir mif-ft nt, or mif-giiidcu 
 
 }' V ate v illiing (as I li card many) that 
 
 tl tynt )r halfe their ts, fo tlut they 
 
 1 tl - Bookts when icy were yoimg, 
 •otv >ut caufc) lay the fault upon bad 
 •nt. s; f / truti is a general! plague and com - 
 )f the V. iiole La ; for, for une dilcreet and al 'c 
 t\. , you liull find twenty % 'rant and cardcfll , 
 A ho (among fo many fertile and dti ate wits as EngUmd 
 fT" dtth) whereas the;, make one S. holler, they marre 
 en. 
 
 1 hp hrO ! The firfl and mainc Error of ' ^s, is want of dif- 
 -..1 ne of crct'on, when in iuch .aritty o; s as different is 
 
 their .Hintenances, the Mailer n^. --cth to try the 
 
 " of every capacity by t hich (as that 
 
 hian '.\owv Ariflntk fptakcth or ave the ' ilc 
 
 . -.V i to it, nut tlut brougl.t to the rt ' as the feifc- 
 fan.i medicines have feverall operations, according to 
 the complexions they worke upon : lo one and the lelfc- 
 famc Method agrecth not with all alike: fome arc quicke 
 of capacity, aaJ moll: apprchenfiuc, others of as dull j 
 fome of a Itrong memory, others of as w cake : yet may 
 that dullard or bji' memory, (if he be obfervcd) proove 
 as good, yea (in Arifotles opinion) bctt. r l ni of the 
 other. But we fee on the contrary, out of c Mailers 
 carterly iudgcmcnt, like Horfesin a tcamc, they arc fct fo 
 draw all alike, when fome one or two prime and able w is 
 
of tl ' dutie of Afajtirj. 23 
 
 t\ tbcSciioo'i , avTobihaK'nt (which hcculsout to admira- 
 tion if ilraii LIS come, iS 1 Coftardinongtr his fairtll 
 Pippins) liki ricUi' li' 'undsgoc away with *:lic game, when 
 the reft nt i dc helping over a iHIc a mile bciUnd : hence 
 being tith^r iju 'c diiciHiragcd ii M.cn^ft vcs, or taken 
 away y their friends (wlio (or i. i. mou pait mcalurc 
 t' eir learning by the Forme they ftt in) they take leave 
 or thiir Uxjkes while they live. 
 
 A kcond over-fight nn ^ kin to ti t tormtr, is indil- <a ifcond 
 crction in cor Kvt ion, in ufingali Natures a! ke, and that 
 v/ith immoderation, or rather p line crueltie : true it is, 
 
 Ciceru pro Kofc. 
 
 But thdc ftllowe•^ ''elicVc with Chf.ilpPui . >Jlutnti//a», '^"'l^'^'j. ^.^ 
 tl-.at there is no other Method of making a Seholler, than ii$lm'.T.ltf- j 
 by beating him, fe>r that he undcrftandtth not through 
 th.eir owne fault ; wherein li ly i!iew thi mfclvcSet;:egic)iis 
 Tyrants, for. Correction -witkout ivjtruBiom is plaine 
 tyramtie. 
 
 The Noble, generous, and belt N.itur.-s, are -.voiine liy 
 commendation, enkindled l)y Glory; which fax mentu VrgU. 
 koneflte^ to whom conquell and fiiame are a thoufand 
 tortures. Of which diff^'hl n for ti c moll pait, arc 
 moll of e)ur young Nobilitie and Gentlemen, well borne, 
 inheriting with their being, the vcrtue of their Anceftors, 
 which even in this tender greennefle of yeeres will bewray 
 it felfe, as well in the Scboolc as abroad at tl.eir play and 
 childilh recreations. 
 
 ^ntilioH above all others, dtfireth this difjxifition 
 to make his Orator of, and whom chiding grieveth, to 
 be tenderly dealt withall ; yet have 1 knowne thefe goevi 
 and towardly Natures as roughly handled by our Plagoji 
 Orhiitj^ as by Dionypus himfelfe taking revenge upon the 
 buttockcs of poorc Boyes for the lode of his kingdomc, 
 and rayled upon by the unmannerly names of block-heads 
 'of' hy farre worfc than block-heads) aflfes, dolts, &c. 
 '' cpely r- H the free and generous Spirit, 
 
 fo'. 
 
24 Of the dutte of Majlers. 
 
 StnK.Jemtribui. for, Ingmuitos (faith Setieca) non recipit contemptum 
 Ingcnuitie or the generous mindc, cannot brtxjkc 
 contempt : and which is more ungcntlcmanly, nay bar- 
 barous and inhumane, pulled by the ears, lalhed over 
 the face, beaten about the luad with tl.c great end of 
 the rod, fmitten upon the Jippcs for every flight of^'mce 
 with the Ferula^ (not offered to their Fathers Scullions 
 at hoint) by thefe Ajaces flageU'tferi fitter farre to keepe 
 Bcarcs, (for they thrive and are the fatter for beating, 
 faith Vlmy) than to have the charge of Nobles and Gen- 
 tlemen. 
 
 In Germany the fchoole is, and as the name importeth, 
 it ouglit to be meerely LuJus literarius^ a very paftimc of 
 learning, where it is a rare thing to fee a Rod iHrring : 
 yet I heartily wi(h that our Children of England were 
 but Lalfe fo ready in writing and fpeaking Latine, which 
 Boyes of tenne and twelue yeeres old will doe fo roundly, 
 and V th fo neate a phrafe and llyle, that many of our 
 Mailers would hardly mend them; having onely for 
 their punifliment fhame, and for their reward praife. 
 Cauendum a plagis (faith §luinttlian) fed pot'tus laude aut 
 aliorum pr relatione urgendus efi puer : that is, wee muft 
 hold our hands, and rather bring a Child forward with 
 praife, and preferring of others. Befide, there ought to 
 bee a reciprocall and a mutuall afFedion betwixt the 
 Mafter and Scholler, which judicious Erajmut and Lodo- 
 aurj" ^'w, rfometimes teacher to Queene Mary, and 
 
 LuljffrZ'!"' * Spaniard, who came to England with Queene Katherlne 
 Plin.tpift.M.^. her mother) doe principally require, Patrit in ilium 
 imduendo afeitum, by putting on a Fathers afFedtion 
 toward h-m: and as Pliny faith, Amore, non artifice 
 docente, qui optimiu Magifter efi : To winnc his heart and 
 affedion by loue, which is the bell Mafter, the Scholler 
 againe the contrary. So may a difcrect Mafter, with as 
 much or more tale, lx)th to himfelfe and his Scholler, 
 teach him to play at Tennife, or Ihoot at Rovers in the 
 
 field, 
 
Of the dutie of I^lajttrs. if 
 
 field, and profit him more in one moneth befide his 
 encouragement, than in halfe a yccrc with his rtrict and 
 fevcre ulagc. But in ftead hereof, many of our Mailers 
 for the moft part fo behave themfelvcs, that their very 
 name is hatcfull to the Scho!!cr, who tremblcth at their 
 coniming in, rcjoyceth at their abfencc, and looketh his 
 Mailer (returned) in the face, as his deadly enemy. 
 
 Some afFccl, and feverer Schooles enforce, a precife <a tliird 
 and tedious llrictneiTe, in long keeping the Schollers by ^■""•^•> 
 the wailcs; as from before (ixe in the morning, till 
 twelve, or part; fo likewife in the afternoone : which 
 befide the dulling of the wit, and dejcdting the Spirit, 
 (for, Otij non minus quam negotij ratio extare debet) CicmfnTlanc. 
 breedeth in him afterward, a kinde of hate and carelcl- 
 nelTe of ftudy when hee commeth to be fui juris, at his 
 owne libertie, (as experience prooveth by many, who 
 are fent from fevere Schooles unto tlie Vriverlities) : 
 withall, over-loading his memorie, and taking off the 
 edge of his invention, with ovtr-heavie taskes, in 
 Themes, Verfcs, &c. To bee continually poring on 
 the Booke (faith Socrates) hurteth and weakeneth the 
 memory /cry much ; affirming learning to bee fooner convcrfc w.th 
 attained unto by the eare in difcourfe and hearing, than the learned, 
 by the eye in continuall reading. I verily beleeve the 
 fame, if we had Inftrudors and Maftcrs at hand, as ready 
 as bookcs. For wee fee by experience, thcfe who have 
 beene blind from their birth, to retaine more by hearing, 
 than others by their eyes, let them rcade never fo much : 
 wherefore Falitt would have, IfiuJ edif-enJi t^edium protiniis 
 a pueris devorariy this fame toyle or tedioufnefle of learning 
 by heart, to bee prefently Iwallowed or polled over by 
 Children. ' i-- / 
 
 Wherefore I cannot but commend the cuflomc of 
 their Schooles in the Z.i^iy-CoOT»/r/>j, where for the avoyding 
 erf this tedious fitting ftill, and irkfome poring on the 
 booke all day longj after the Scholler hath received his 
 
 Ledture, 
 
 i 
 \ 
 
1 
 
 I 
 
 26 of the dutie of Maflers. 
 
 LetfhiJe, he Icaveth the Schoole for an houre, and walkcth 
 abroad with one or two of his fcllowcs, either into ti c 
 field, or up among the trees upon the rampire j as in 
 Andwerpe, Breda, Vtrecht, 6fc. where they conferre and 
 recreate thcmfelvcs till time calks them in to rcpeate, 
 where perhaps they ftay an houre j fo abroad againe, and 
 thus at their pleafure the whole day. For true it is, that 
 UffiM in Efift. Lipfius faith, ingenia vegetativa"^ muft have fuos recejfitf, 
 llrong and lively wits muft have thtir retrait or inter- 
 miflion of cxcrcife, and as Rams (engines ofwarrein old 
 time) rccoylc backe to returnc with the g'tatcr force; 
 which the m.indc doth unto ft:udy after paufe and reft, not 
 unlike a field, which by lying fallow, becxjumeth farre 
 more fat and fruitful!. 
 <A fourth A fourth error, is the contrary (for, Stultt in contraria 
 
 error.) currunt), too much carelcfnefTe and remilTcnciTc in not 
 
 holding them in at all, or not giving them in the Schoole, 
 that due attendance they ought : fo that every day is 
 play-day with them, beftowing the Summer in fteking 
 Birds-nefts, or haunting Orchards ^ the Winter, in 
 keeping at home for cdd, or abroad all day with the 
 Bow, or the Birding-pcece : they making as little 
 confcience in taking, as their Maftcr in giving their 
 riuurch. *d learning, who tbrgetteth belike, that Rumour layeth each 
 TnjMUH. fault of the SchoUer upon his necke. Pl.ito remembreth one 
 Protagoras, a Bird of the fame feather, who when hcc had 
 lived threcfcore yeercs, made his boaft, he had fpent 
 fortie of thofe threefcore, in corrupting and undoing 
 youth. We have, I feare, a race of thofe Protagor-affes 
 even yet among our common Schoole-mafters in England. 
 
 But the difeafcs whereunto fome of them are ve^-y 
 fubjcct, are Humour and Fotty (that I may fay nothing 
 of the grolfc Ignorance and in-fufficiency of niariy) 
 whereby tl.ey become ridiculous and contemptible both 
 in the Schoole and abroad. Hence it comes to pade, 
 
 that 
 
 ' vegcta ifitft. 
 
of the duty of Mafters. z y 
 
 that, in many places, tfpccially in Itaiy^ of ail profcflfic .t, 
 that of Pedanterla is held in bafeft rcn,(c : the Scho:>\!- 
 maftcr almoft in every Comedy being I;rojght upon t 'c 
 Stage, to paralell the Zan't^ or Pantaloun. He made us gixi.i 
 fport in that excellent Comedy of PeJamius^ a£ted in O-. r 
 Trinity Colledge in Cambridge, and if I be not deceived, 
 in Prijcianut vapulavs^ and many of our Englifh Playes. 
 
 I knew one, who in Winter would ordinarily in x cold 
 morning, whip his Boycs over for no other purpcle than 
 to Kt himfelfe a heat : another beat them for fweiring, 
 and all the while iwcarcs himfelfe with horrible oatiies, 
 he would forgive any faMit faving that. 
 
 I had I remember m' :elfe (neere S. Alkanes in HerU 
 fortJJjire where I was b"ine) a Maftcr, who by i,o entreaty 
 would teach any Scholler he had, farther than his Father 
 had learned before him ; as, if he had onely learned but 
 to reade Englifli, the fonne, though he went with him 
 feven yeercs, fhould goe no fiarther : his rcafon was, 
 they would then proove faucy rogues, and controule their 
 I Fatiiers: yet thefe are they that oftentimes have our 
 
 I hopefull Gentry under their charge and tuition, to bring 
 
 i them up in fcience anc4 civility. 
 
 Bcfide,moft of them want that good and diredt Method, 
 whereby in fliorteft time and with leaft labour, the 
 Scholler may attaine unto fKrfcdtion : ibme teaching 
 privately, ufe a Grammar of their owne making ; fome 
 againe, none at all : the moft LiUtety but praepolleroufly 
 pofced over, that the boy is in his Quantity of Syllables, 
 before hee knowtth j Qualitie of any one part of 
 fpcech : for hee profiteth iio"Tiore than he maftereth by 
 his underllanding. Nor is it my meaning that I would 
 all Mafters to be tyed to one Mcthode, no r.iOre than all 
 the Shires of England to come up to London by one high 
 way: there be many cquai'y alike good. And fince 
 V Mcthode, as one faith, io but ofiowoiJjTtKjj, let every Mafter rw^, 
 
 if he can, by pulling up ftilcs and hedges, make a more 
 i neerc 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
2 8 of the duty of Majhrs. 
 
 See M. Doaor nccTc and private way to himfclfc, and in Gods name 
 wcbiH h,s ap- fay with the divineft of Poets : 
 
 peak' to Truth. ' 
 
 Gn>-jif. J. deferta per avia dulcis 
 
 Rapt at amor^ iuvat irejugif, qua nulla frlorum 
 CASTAIAVM moUi Jivertitur ortita cUvo. 
 
 With Sweet Love rapt, I now by defart's pafle. 
 
 And over hils, where never tracke of" yore : 
 Dt cending tafily, yet rcmembred was. 
 That led the way to CASTALIE before. 
 
 But in ftead of many good they have infinite bad, and 
 go ftumbling from the right as if they went blindfold for 
 a wager: hence commcth the (liifting of the Scholler from 
 Maftcr to Malcer, who poorc boy (like a hound among 
 a Company of ignorant hunters hollowing every Deere 
 they fee) mifleth the right, begetteth himfelfe new labour, 
 and at lail by one of skill, ' and well read," beaten for 
 his paines. They cannot commonly crrc, if they Hull 
 imitate the builder, firft to provide the SchoUer with 
 matter, then caft to lay a good foundation, I meane a 
 folidc underitanding of the Grammar, every rule made 
 familiar and fall, by fliort and pleafant examples, let him 
 bring his matter into forme, and by little and little raifc 
 the frame of a llrong and well knit flile both in writing 
 and fpeaking ; and what doth harme in all other building, 
 is heere moft profitable and needfull, that is, Tranjlation. 
 For I know nothing that benefittth a Scholler more 
 than that ; firll by trandating out of Latine into EngliOi, 
 which laid by for fomc time, let him tranflate out of 
 Englifli into Latine againe varying as oft as hee can both 
 his words and Phrafcs. Doj'etus who hath gathered all the 
 Phraies of TuUy into one volume, Manutius^ EraJ'mus 
 his Copia^ and Drax his Callioptea with others, will helpe 
 b'm much at the firft ; let him after by his ownc reading 
 enrich his underltanding, and learne haurire ex ipfis 
 
 fmtlbus 
 
 but well re»d or 1634. 
 
Of the duty of Majlers. 29 
 
 fofitihus^ next excrcifc himfelfe in Themes and Declamations 
 if he be able. The old method of teaching Grammar, 
 faith Suetonius^ was dii'putation in tlic for"-noone, and 
 declamation in the after-noonc; but t! I leave to the 
 difcretion of the judicious Malkr. 
 
 I pafll" over tlie infufficiency of many of them, with 
 ill example of life (which Plato wilheth above all things 
 to be rcfpedled and looked into) whereof as of Phylicke 
 and ill Phyfitians, there is many tin',;.^ more danger than 
 of the difeafe it felfe, many of them being no Gram- 
 marians at all, much ielTe (as ^latilian requireth in a 
 Schoolemalter) Rhetoricians to expound with proper and 
 piireft Englifli, an eloquent Latine or Greeke Author; 
 unfold his invention, and handling of the lubicct, (hew 
 the forme and fluency of the ftvle, the apt difpoiition 
 of figures, the propriety of words, the weight of grave 
 and deepe Sentences, which are xervi oratroms, the 
 finewcs of difcourfe. Mufitians, without which Grammar 
 is imperfedt in that part of Profodia^ that dealeth onely 
 '.vith Meter and Rhithmicall proportions. Aftronomers, 
 to underiland authors who have written of the heavens 
 and their motions, the feverall Conftellations, fetting 
 and rifing of the Planets, with the fundry names of circles 
 and points; as Manilius and Pont anus. And lallly, 
 Naturall and Morall Philofophers, without which they 
 cannot as they ought, underftand TuUiesOfficeSy or ^fops 
 Fables, as familiar as they feeme. 
 
 Fane bee it that I may bee thought to queftion the 
 worth and dignity of the paincfull and difcreet teacher, 
 who, if Learning be ncedfiill, muft be as neceflary : he- 
 (idcs, I am not ignorant, that even the* greateft Princes, «^„^„/f^ ir 
 with the molt reverend Biihops, and moil profound ocUvim ufxr. 
 ScholIcr<! of the world, have not beene afliamed of teach- ^'""'A^** 
 in<r the Grammar: or that I inveigh ir the Icaft, againft l^V/J^™'"" 
 the learned and worthy Mailers of ou. publike Schooles, ^./n.afR fixt. 
 many of whom may bee ranked with the moft fufficient ^'f'j"^- 
 
 Schollers S^"''^'*''' 
 
30 Of the duty of Parents 
 
 Schollers of Etirope. I inveigh againft the pittifiill abufe 
 
 of our Nation by fuch, who by tlieir ignorancx" and neg- 
 ligence deceive the Church and Corr'- n- wealth of 
 ferviceable members, Parents of the. - ney, poore 
 children of t'lcir time, cllccme in the w> -. pertiaps 
 meanes of living ali their lives after. 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 Of the duties of Parents in their Childrens 
 Education. 
 
 N Either muft all the blame lye upon the Schoole- 
 mafter : fond and fbolifli Parents have oft as deepe 
 a fhare in this precious fpoile, as whofe cockering and 
 apifli indulgence (to the corrupting of the minds of 
 their Children, difabling their wits, efFcminating their 
 jn (T.^jij. bodies) how bitterly doth Flato taxe and abhorre ? For 
 avoyding of which, the Law of Lycttrpu commanded 
 children to be brought up, and to learne in the Country, 
 farre from the delicacy of the City : and the Brutij in 
 Italy y a people bordering upon Lucanta^ following the 
 cuftome of the Spartans^ fcnt their children after the 
 age of fburctetne away, to be brought up in fields and 
 Forclts among Shepheards and Heardfmen : without any 
 to loolce unto them, or to waitc upon them : without 
 appartll, or bed to lye on, having nothing elfe than 
 Milke or Water for their drinkc, and their mcatc fuch as 
 they could kill or catch. And hcare tlie advife of Horace: 
 
 Htrat. tit). J. Anguflam^ amice, pauperlem pati 
 
 0^ »• Rotujius acri niilitid puer 
 
 Condifcat, V ixihos feroces 
 
 Vexet equp! metuendus hajidy 
 
 Vitamque Jut diOy trepidit agat 
 
 In rebtUy ^c. 
 
 Friend 
 
in their Childrens Education, 3 1 
 
 Friend, Itt thy child hard povertic endure. 
 And, growne to Itrcngth, to warre hinifclfc inure: 
 And bravely mounted Icarne, llerne Cavalerc, 
 To charge the ficrccit Parthian with his fpcare : 
 Let him in fields without doores leade his life, 
 And cxercife him where are dangers rife, &c. 
 
 If any of our young youths and Gallants were dieted 
 in this manner. Mercers might favc fome Paper, and 
 Citic LaundrcfTt'S goe make Candies with their Saffron 
 and Eggesj Dicing houfes and ten {lulling Ordinaries, 
 let their large R.oomes to Fencers and Puppit-players, 
 and many a painted peece betake her felfc to a Wtieele 
 or the next Hofpitall. Out now a laies. Parents either 
 give their Children no education at all, (thinking their 
 birth or cftate will beare out that) : or if any, it leaveth 
 fo flender an imprcflion in them, tliat like their names 
 cut upon a Tree, it is over-growne with the old barke by 
 the next Summer. Eefide, fuch is the moft bafe and 
 ridiculous parfimony of many of our Gentlemen, (if I may 
 fo terme them) that if they can procure fome poore 
 Batcheler of Art from the Vniverfitie to teach their 
 Children to fay Grace, and fcrve the Cure of an Im- 
 propriation, who wanting meanes and friends, will be 
 content upon the promifc of ten pounds a yeere at his 
 firft commmg, to be plcafed %'/ith five, the reft to be fet 
 oflf in hope of the next advoufon, (which perhaps was fold 
 before the young man was borne) : Or if it chance to <^11 
 in his time, his Lady or Mafter tels him j Indeed Sir we 
 are beholden unto you for vour paines, fuch a living is 
 lately falne, but I had before made a promife of it to my 
 Butler or BaiIiffe,for his true and extraordinary fervice: 
 when the truth is, he hath Iveftowed it upon himfelfe, for 
 fourefcore or an hnndrcd peeccs, which indeed his man 
 two daycs before had fait hold of, but could not kccpe. 
 
 Is it not commonly ftcne, tliat the moft Gentlemen 
 
 will 
 
Plilllp df Com- 
 mines, lib. I . 
 
 &»fr» ad I Hcit. 
 tfifi. ^I. 
 
 M.t/rpr omnrs 
 fi/ijs in pftraro 
 w" Auxitio in 
 ffdleru.l iniurlJ 
 i-Jje/oleiit. ierent. 
 in Humtnt. 
 
 3 2 Of the dtitie of Parents. 
 
 will give better wages, and dcale more bountifully with 
 a tcUow who can but teach a Doggc, or rtclaimc an 
 Hawke, than upon an honcit, learned, and well qualified 
 man to bring up their children ? It may be, hence it is, that 
 Do[^gcs arc able to make Syllogifmcs in the fields, when 
 their young Mailers can conclude nothing at '.ome, if 
 occafion of argument or difcourfe be offered at the Table. 
 Lookeupon our Noh'tl'itie atid Gentry ftoiu ada'ies (laitli a wife 
 and grave Hillorian) yo«y/W/ fee them hred^as if they 
 •were made for no other end than fafiimt and idlenejfe f they 
 chferve moderation neither in talke nor apparell : good men^ 
 and fuch as are learned., are not admitted amongjt them; 
 the affaires of their eflates they impofe upon others^ ^c. 
 But to view one of them rightly, (faith Seneca") looke upon 
 him nakeJy lay-by his eftatc, his Honours, C? alia fortune 
 mendacia^ hit other falfe difguifements of Fortune^ and behold 
 his mindey nuhat and hovj pre at he is^ •whether of himfelfe^ 
 or fame hvrrvwed greatnejfe. 
 
 But touching Parents, a great blame and imputation 
 (how juftly I know not) is commonly laid upon the 
 Mother ; not onely for her over tendemefle, but in 
 winking at their lewd courfes ; yea more, in feconding, 
 and giving them encouragement to doe wrong, though it 
 were, as Terence faith, againit their ownc Fathers. 
 
 I dare not fay it was long of the Mother, that the fonne 
 told his Father, he was a better man, and better defccnded 
 than he. 
 
 Nor will I affirme chat it is her pleafure, the Chamber- 
 maid fliould be more curious in fitting his ruffe, than his 
 Mafter in refining his manners. 
 
 Nor that it is flic that fiUeth the Cifterne of his kvifli 
 expente, at the Vniverfitic, or Innes of Court; that 
 attti foure or five yeares fpent, hee returns home as wife 
 as Ammonius his AlTe, that went with his Mailer every 
 day to the Schoole, to heare Origen and Porphyrie reade 
 Phildbphy. 
 
 But 
 
Of the dutie of Parents. 3 ^ 
 
 But alhcit many Parents have bccnc diligent enough 
 this way, and go<.)d Maikrs have likcwHc done their 
 parts, and neither want of will or abilitic of wit in 
 their Children to become Schollcrs, yet (whether out 
 of an over-wccninf^ conceit of their towardncfTe, a 
 pride to have their ionnes out-goe their neighbours, or 
 to make them men before their times) they take them 
 from Schoole, as Birds out of the neft, ere they luc 
 flidge, and lend them fo young to the Vnivcrfitie, that 
 icarce one among twentie prooveth ought. For as 
 tender plants, too foonc or often rcmoovcd, begin to 
 decay and die at the roote ; fo thefe young things, of 
 twelve, thirteenc, or fourcteene, that have no more care 
 than to expedt the next Carrier, and where to fup on 
 Fndayes and Fafting nights: no further thought of 
 ftudy, than to trimme up their Itudics with Pidturcs 
 and place the faireft Bookes in openeft view, which' 
 poore Lads, they fcarce ever opened, or underftand 
 not; that when they come to Logicke, and the crabbed 
 grounds of Arts, there is fuch a difproportion betweene 
 Arijlotles Categories, and their childifh capacities, that 
 what together with the fwcetnefTe of libertie, varietie 
 of companie, and fo many kinds of recreation in 
 Towne and Fields abroad, (beeing like young Lap- 
 wmgs apt to bee fnatched up by every Buzzard) they 
 proove with Homert Willow ^XfaUap-noi, and as good 
 goe gather Cockles with Callgulas people on the Sand 
 as yet to attempt the difficulties of fo rough and terrible 
 a paflage. *^ 
 
 Others againc, if they perceive any wildnefle or un- 
 itaycdneffc m their children, are prefently in defpaire, 
 and out of all hope of them for ever prooving Schollers 
 or fit for any thing elfc ; neither confidcr the nature of 
 youth, nor the cffedt of time, the Phyfttian of aU. But «i«nAv«M 
 to mend the matter, fend them either to the Court to «arA»>^». 
 lervc as Pages, or into Frmce and Italy to fee fofhions, 
 »-A«uM D and 
 
f 
 
 I f 
 
 t.Di Orato t. 
 
 ler. 1. 11. 
 
 J 4 Of the duty of Parents. 
 
 and mend tlicir manners, where they become ten times 
 woric. Tlieic ot all other, if thiy be well tempered, 
 proouc the bcft mcttall; yea TuU'ie as of ncceffity 
 deiirttii fomc abundant ranknolli.- or fupcrtUiitic of wit, 
 in that yuung-man he would choolc to make his Orator 
 of. Veflm (faith he) in adolefcevte aliqutd redundant & 
 ^uod /imputem: I wilh in a young man fo'nctliing to 
 Iparc and which 1 might cut off. This taken away ere 
 degenerate with luxurious abundance, like that fame 
 rankc vine thf Prophet lereniy fpcaki-th of, you (liall 
 finde the heart divino J'atu editum : and found timber 
 within to make Mtrcmie of, qut non jit ex juovis iigf', a? 
 the provcrbc faith. 
 
 And lome of a dirUrcnt humour will determine, even 
 from the A, B, C. what calling their children lliali take 
 vpon them, and force them euen in defpight of Nature, 
 like Lycurgus his whtIpes,to runne contrary courfes, and 
 to vnilertakc profellions altogether contrary to their 
 difpolitions : This, iaith ErafmuSy is, peccare in genium^ 
 And certaincly it is a principall point of difcrction in 
 parents to be throughly actiuaintvd with and obferue, 
 the dilpoiition and inclination of their children, and 
 indeed for cuery man to fearch into the addiction of his 
 Genius^ and not tu wrt't natur- as Mufitians fay, out e>;-" 
 her iv..y, or (as Tuliie laith) to iontetiJ with ker^ making 
 the Spaniel to carry the All'es bade : which was well ob- 
 ferued by t: c Lacedemonians and ancient Romanes, in 
 laying forth mlbumcnts of fundry occupations before 
 their children, at a certainc age,' they to chex^ie what 
 liked them bell, and euer after to take upon them that 
 profclTion whereunto they belonged. 
 
 How many are put, by worldly and covetous fathers 
 invitd Mifierz jy to the lludy of the lawes (which lludie 
 I confefle to be Honourable and m«>it deicrving), who 
 notwithltanding fpend moll of their time even in Di 1- 
 nitie at the Innes of the Court? and l;ow many Divines 
 
 have 
 
 5 
 
Of the duty of l*arents. j j 
 
 luvc we, (I appcale to the Courts,) heires of their 
 
 fathers, friends, or purchafcd advouf'jns, whorii the 
 buckram baggc would not better befccme than the Bible? 
 being never out of law with their pariflUoners, following 
 their Suites and Cauies from Court to Court, Terme to 
 Terme, no Atturney more. 
 
 In like manner i have knowne many Commanders 
 and worthy Gentlemen, aiwell of our owne Nation as 
 ftrangers, who following the warrcs, in the held and in 
 their Arnus, have confeilcd unto me, Nature never 
 ordained tliem for that profeffion ; had they not falnc 
 accidentally upon it, either through death ot friends 
 harflineire of Mailers and Tutors, thereby driven from 
 the Vnivcrlity (as an Honourable friend of mine in the 
 Low Countries hath many times complained unto me :) 
 or the moft common mifchicfc, mifcrablenene of greedy 
 parents, the overthrow and undoing of many excellent 
 and prime wits : who to fave charges, marry a daughter, 
 or preferrea younger brother, turne them out into the 
 wide world with a little money in tiieir purfes (or 
 perhaps none at all) to feeke their Fortunes: where 
 Neceflity dcieds and befots their fpirits, not knowing 
 what calling or courfe to take : enforceth them defperateiy 
 to bcgge, borrow, or to worfc or baler fliifts (which in 
 their owne natures they detell as hell) to goe on foote, 
 todge in Ale-houfes and fort themfelves with the bafel> 
 companie, till what with want and windring fo long in 
 the Circle, at lalt they are (upon the center of fomc hill) 
 conlhained to fay (as Hercules bttveene his two pillars) 
 Non ulter'm. 
 
 Much lelTe have parents now a daies that care to take 
 the panics to inlhudt and reade to their children them- 
 felves, which the greatell Princes and nobleil peribnages 
 have not beene aftiamcd to doe. oaavltu Augufius 
 C^far read the workc of Cictro and Virgil, to his 
 chiidren and nephewes himfelfe. Anm» the daughter of 
 D 1 AlexU 
 
^6 Of the (hity of Parent i. 
 
 siweiicitfd y^lext! the Grecian Emperour, was In hci father lo 
 KiiApiSy'" i'>:^'^'-ced, that while Ihee was yet a young and giK)dly 
 Lady, lliee wrote of her Iclfc a very learned and 
 authentiqiie Hiltory of the Church. MmiUiu Faulu 
 the Ion lie (who fo bravely ended his dayes at Camas 
 >vhen his Colleague forlboke hittij feeing the favour of 
 vhe State not inclineablc towards fiim, left the City, and 
 ■ Miely fpcnt his time in the Countrcy, in teachinj^ his 
 ownc children their Latinc and Greeice : notwithllanding 
 hce daily maintained Grammarians, Logicians, Rhe- 
 toricians, Painters, Carvers, Riders of great horfes, an(i 
 tiic ski.tulleft Huntlmen he could t;et, to inllnict and 
 ttacn tlicir' in their feverall profeflions and qualities. 
 jn F»n4>f,in, The tlii ee daughters of ever-famous Sir Thomas 
 Bfift^arim. Moore^ were by their father fo diligently held to their 
 booke (notwitl-.'landing he was fo daily employed king 
 L. Chancellor of England) that Erajmut laith, he found 
 them fo ready and perfcdt in UUyy that the worft Schol- 
 !«T of thc in 'A 1- able to expound him quite through with- 
 out any 'l^oppc, except I'omc extraordinary and difficult 
 place. -me (faitn he) ant met fim'ilem ejftt remoraturum. 
 Ilhalliir . ■ remember,- ithin memory, thofe fourc 
 lifters, , i , ' daughters of Sir Aiithiny Cooke^ and 
 rare Pof* fo dcillmll in Latine rnd G re eke, befide 
 
 manyoti . ..il- . excellent qualities, et.;r liz-.d already by 
 Oo-jfJiM. --an. the golden pen of the Prince of P ; ■■i time; with 
 manyotheriiicompaiable Ladies anu ^ n ..women in our 
 land, fomc yet living, from before whofc faire faces Time 
 I truft will never draw the airtain. 
 
 T/aftly, the f- r. maybe inth' SchoH'T himfelfc, whom 
 Nature hath a* . io much befriended \s ith the gilt of un- 
 dcrftanding, as t ) make him capable of knowledge ; or 
 'jHc more unjuft, difpofed him to (loath, or fome other 
 worfc in-brcd vice. Marcus Cicero, albeit hee was the 
 lonne of fo wile, fo eloquent, and fo fober a father (whofe 
 very counfcU and conv anv had beene enough to have 
 
 put 
 
Of the dntie of Parents, j 7 
 
 £ut learning and regard of well living into the moft 
 irbarous Gttt): and had Crttippus, (b excellent a Philo. o«r.offi,. /. ,. 
 fopher, to his Reader at Athens : yet liy the leiiiinonie 
 of I'imy, he prooved io notorious a drunkard, that he ir^'l'" 
 would ordinarily drinkc off two gallons of Wine at a time, r-/, TT.^" 
 and became (o debauched every way, that few of that age ^. 
 exceeded him. Sundry the ake examples miglit bte pro- S,j[ilt'V 
 duccd in inir times, but ore of this nature is too many. /^^Jw" 
 Others on the contrary, are avro8wa>crot, an 1 have no •^''W*- 
 other hclpcs fave God, and their cwne iiiciuftry; we 
 never u ade of any Mafter y'lrgil ever h.ui. S. Aufuftint 
 likcwifc laith of himfclfe : Se didiciffe Arlptelis Categorias 
 nmine trmdtutt: That hee letmed Arifioths Categories^ 
 or Praedicamcnts, no man intruding him ^ which, how 
 hard they bee at the firft to wade thorow without a guide, 
 let the bcft wit of them all try. A nd Btda our Cou ntrey- 
 man, (for his profound learning in all Sciences) fir- 
 named /V»fr<7^/V/>, attained to the fame within the limits 
 of his Cell in Northumterland, t!-ough it is faid hee was 
 once at Rome, lofeph Scaligtr ta light privately many 
 yccrcs in a Noble-mans houfe, and ne. er made abode m 
 any \'nivcr(ltie, that ever I hea.d of, till called in his 
 later veeres to Lieydtn in Holland: and many admiraljh- 
 Schollers and famous men, our Age can produce, who 
 never came at any Vnivcrfitie, except to view the Col- 
 ledges, or vilit their friends, that are inferiour to ftw 
 Dodors of the Chaire, either for Learning or ludgcmcnt 
 if I may fay fo, face mmtris Au^dtma^ ' 
 
 Ca/^p. 
 
38 Of a Gentleman s carriage 
 
 Chap. V. 
 
 Of a Gentlemans carriage in the Fmvetfitie. 
 
 HAving hitherto fpoken of the dignitie of learning 
 in general!, the dutic and qualitic of the Mafter, 
 of ready Method for underftanding the Grammar, of 
 the Parent, of the child : I turne the head of my Dxf- 
 courfc, with my Scholicrs Hoifc, (whom me thinkcs 
 I fcL uand ready bridclcd] tor the Vnivcrlitie. And 
 now M. Ifll/iam Howard^ give mec leave (having pafTed 
 that, I imagine, Limiut puerorum^ and thofe perillous 
 pikes of the Grammar rules) as a well-willer unto you 
 and your Itudies, to beare you company part of the way, 
 and to direft henceforth my Difcourfe wholly to your 
 felfe. 
 
 Since the Vniverjltie^ whercinto you are embodied, is 
 not untruly called the Ljght and Eye of the Land, in 
 regard from hence, as from the Center of the Sunne, the 
 glorious bcamcs of Knowledge difperle thcmfclvcs over 
 all, without which a Chaos of blindnciTe would rcpoflell'e 
 us againe : thinke now that you are in publike view, and 
 nucihus reliciiSy with your j!;ou'nc you have put on the 
 man, that from hence the reputation of your whole life 
 taketh her firft growth and beginning. For as no glory 
 crowneth with more abundant praife, than that which is 
 here wonne by diligence and wit : fo there is no infamie 
 abafeth the value and clkcmc of a Gentleman all liis life 
 after, more than tiut procured by Sloath and Error in the 
 Vniverfities J yea, though in thofe yeeres whofe inno- 
 cciicie have ever pleaded their pardon ; whereat I have 
 not a little mervailed, coniidering the freedome and 
 priviledgc of greater places. 
 
 But as in a delicate Garden kept by a cunning hand, 
 
 and 
 
in the Vniverfity. 39 
 
 and overlooked with a curious eye, the leaf- diforder or 
 
 rankncfTe of any one flower, putteth a bcaiitifull bed or 
 well contrived knot out of fquare, when rudenefic and 
 deformity is borne withall, in rough and undrelTcd places: 
 lb belccve it, in this Paradife of the Mufes, the ieaft 
 negledt and impreflion of Errors foot, is lo much the 
 more apparrant and cenlured, by how much the lacred 
 Arts have greater interelt in the culture of the mind, 
 and corredtion of manners. 
 
 Wherefore, your firll care, even with pulling off your 
 Boots, let be the choice of your acquaintance and com- 
 pany. For as infedHon in Cities in a time of fickncfle 
 is taken by concourfe, and negligent running abroad, 
 when thofe that kccpe within, and are wary oFthemfclves, 
 efcape with more fafety; fo it falleth out here in the 
 Vniverfity, for this Eye hath alfo her dileafes as well 
 as any other part of the Ixxly, (I will not fay with the 
 Phyfitians more) with thole, whofe private houfes and 
 ftudies being not able to containe them, are fo cheape of 
 themfelves, and lb plyablc to good fellowihip abroad: 
 that in mind and manners (the tokens plainely appearing) 
 they are palt recovery ere any friend could heare they 
 were ficke. 
 
 Entertaine therefore the acquaintance of men of tlie 
 foundelt reputation for Religion ^Life^ and I><ir»/»^, whofe 
 conference and company may bee unto you iiowtXov ituxla irtHt 
 tfx\(/vxoi' Ka\ TiepL-aTovv, a living and a moving Library, ^jxvat- Euri- 
 For conference and converj'e 'was the firfi Mother of ail yi. ts Andromache. 
 and Science^ as bting the greatclt dilcovery of our ignor- 
 ance and increaler of knowkdi^e, teaching, and making 
 us wile by the iudgcments and examples of many : and 
 y<w mull kainc herein of Plato^ ^uXofxaQr), 4>lKi]kooi\ koI 
 CtnfriKbv thai, that is, To he a lover of k-sn-jledge ; dejiront 
 to heare much : and lajlly^ to enquire and aske often 
 
 For the companions of your recreation, conlort your 
 felfe with Gentlemen of your owne raoke and quali^; 
 
40 Of a Gentlemans carriage 
 
 for that fricndfliip is beft contenting and lafting. To be 
 
 over tree and familiar with interiors^ argues a bafencHe 
 of Spirit, and begcttcth cntcmpt : for as one lhall here 
 at the firft prize himfelfe, fo let him looke at the fame 
 rate for ever after to be valued of others. 
 
 Carry your felfe even and fairely, Taiiquam in fiatera^ 
 with that moderation in your fpeech and adtion, (that 
 you feemc with yiyjfes^ to have M'mer-ja alwayes at your 
 elbow :) which ihouid they be weighed by Envy her felfe, 
 flic might palle them for currant ; that you be thought 
 rather leaving the Vniverfity, than lately come thither. 
 But heercto the regard of your worth, the dignity of the 
 place, and aboundance of fo many faire prefidents, will 
 be fufficient Motives to ftirre you up. 
 Smic* de irevf- Husband your time to the beft, for, T/:c greeJy dejtre 
 T'dr**' "f Tivie^ is a covetouftieff'e onely honefi. And if }ou 
 
 follow the advice of Erafmus^ and the practice of P/inius 
 fecundut. Diem in operas partiri^ to divide the day inio 
 feverall taskes of Itudy, you Hull find a great eafe and 
 furtherance hereby: remeniliring ever to refcrre your 
 moll ferious and important ihidics unto the morning, 
 PVhich finijbeth alone (fay the learned) three parts of the 
 loorke. lulius defar having fpent the whole day in the 
 field about his military affairs, divided the night alfo, 
 for three feverall vfes : one part for his flcepe : a fecond, 
 for the Common-wealth and publike bufincflc ; the third, 
 for his bookc and ihidies. So carefull and thrifty were 
 they then of tliis precious treafurc which we as prodigally 
 lavifli out, either vainely or vicioully, by whole months 
 and yeeres, until] wc be called to an account by our great 
 Creditor, who will not abate vs the vaine cxpence of a 
 minute. 
 
 But tbrafmuch : as the knowledi;e of God, is the true 
 end of all knowledge, wherein as in the Ixjundlelle and 
 immcnfe Ocean, all our ftudies anti cndeuours ought to 
 embofomc tlicmlclves : remember to lay the foundation 
 
 of 
 
in the Vniverjity. 41 
 of your ftudies. The feare and ferviee ofGod^ by oft fre- 
 quenting Prayer and Sermons, reading the Scriptures, 
 and other Tridates of Piety and Devotion : which how- 
 foever prophane and irreligious Spirits condemne and 
 contcmne, as Volhlan a Canon of Florence^ being upon 
 occalion asked if hee ever read the Bible over : Xes once D. r,^/. 1. 
 (quoth he) 1 read it .fuite thorow^ tut never heftimed my ^'^>'^- 
 time vjorfe in all my life. Bclcevc you with Chryfoflorne fft^'T 
 that the ignorance of the Scriptures^ ts the ^ginning and irort-over 
 fountaine of aU eviU : That the Word of God is (as our wickedly and 
 Saviour calJcth it) the key of knowledge ■ luhich given hy ^1'°^",',''^ 
 inpratim of God ^ is profitable to teach^ to convince, to correct / lir/before 
 and to inflruH in righteoufnefe. And rather let the pious Pf»lnie«ol 
 and eood King Alphmfvs, be a prefident unto you and ^n'^fk - 
 to air NobiUty, who read over the Bible not once, nor £'75^'.%^'^ 
 twice, but fouretccne times, with the PoiHls of Lyra and ^uke n. ji. 
 Burgenfis, containing thrice or fourc times as much in 
 quantity, and would caufe it to be carryed ordinarily fhinj. ' 
 with his Scepter before him, whereon was engraven. 
 Pro lege (y Grege, 
 
 And that worthy Emperour, and great Champion of 
 Chrillendome, Charlemaigne, who fpent his days of reft 
 (after fo many glorious victories obtained of the Saracens 
 in Spaine, the Hunnes, Saxons, Gothes and Vandals in 
 iMmbardy, and Italy, with many other barbarous Nations, 
 whereof millions fell under his Sword) in reading the 
 holy Scriptures, and the workes of the Fathers, efpecially E^'^r.i., 
 S. Auffiaine, and his bookes De Civitate Dei, in which 9^' 
 hee tooke much delight : Whom befides, it is recorded 
 to have becnc fo ftudious, that even in bed, hee woulj 
 have his Pen and Inke, with Parchment at his Pillow 
 ready, that nothing in his meditation, might over-flip 
 his memory : and if any thing came into liis mind, the 
 hglit being taken away, a place upon the wall next him 
 was thinly over-laid with waxc, whereon with » brafen 
 pin he would write in the darlce. And we rcadc, as 
 
 us in 
 
 a 
 
4* Ofjlile in freaking and writings 
 
 a new King was created in Ifratl, he had with the orna- 
 ments of his Kingly dignity, the Bookc of the Law 
 delivered him: lignit'ying his Regall authority was larnc 
 and defedlive, except fwayed by Piety and Wifcdomc, 
 CMltaincd in that booke. Whcreunto alludcth that de- 
 vice of Taradine^ an Image upon a Globe, with a fword 
 in one hand, and a booke in the other, with Ex vtroque 
 Cj;far- and to the fame purpofe, another of our owne 
 in my Minerva Brit anna, which is a Serpent wreathed 
 about a Sword, placed upright upon a Bible, with the 
 word, Initium Safientia. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of fiile in Jpcaking and ivriting^ and 
 ofHiJhry. 
 
 (Hctn X. it Oince fpeech is the Character of a man, and the Intcr- 
 Ormrt. prctcr of his mind, and writing, the Image of that : 
 
 that fo often as we fpeak or write, fo oft wc undcrgoc 
 cenfure and iudgemcnt of our felves : labour firil by all 
 meanes to get the habit of a good ftile in fpeaking and 
 writing, as well Englifli as Latinc. I call with Tu'h that 
 Cic. m pnltg. ^ good and eloquent llile of fpcaking, fF^ere there is a 
 judiciout fitting nf choife 'words , apt and frave Sentences unto 
 matter -well di^ofed, the fame leing uttered ivith a comely 
 moderation of the voice^ countenance^ and gefiure ; Not 
 that fame ampullous and Sccnicall pompe, with empty 
 furniture of phrafc, wherewith the Stage, and our petty 
 Pocticke Pamphlets found fo oig, which like a net in 
 the water, though it fcelcth weighty, yet it yceideth 
 nothing : fince our fpeech ought to rciVtnbic Plate, where- 
 in neither the curioufned? of the I'idure, oi faire pro- 
 portion of Tetters, but the weight is to be regarded : and 
 as Plutarch faith, when our tlSrll is quenched with the 
 
 drinke 
 
and of History. 43 
 
 drinke, then wee looke upon the cnnameling and work- 
 manfhip ot the boule; fb firit your hearer coveteth to 
 have his dcfire fatisfied with matter, ere hcc lookcth upon 
 the forme or vinetry ' of words, which many times ftiU 
 in of themfelves to matter well contrived, according to 
 Hvraee : 
 
 Rem bene JiJ^oJitam vel l erta invita fequuntur : la Arce Po«. 
 
 To matter well difpos'd, words of themfelves doe fall. 
 
 Let your iHIe therefore bee ftirniflied with folid matter, 
 and compact of the bcil, choifc, and moft familiar words ■ 
 taking heed of fpeaking, or writing luch vords, as men 
 lliall rather admire than underftand. Herein were 
 Tiberius, M. Anthony, and MtecenaSy mucli blamed and 
 jefted at by Aupifius, himfelfe ufing ever a piiinc and 
 moft fiimiliar iHIe : and as it is (aid of him, Verbum 
 infolens tan^uam fcopulum effugiens. Then fententious, 
 yea better furnifhed with fentences than words, and (as 
 Ttf/Ty willcth) without afFedtation ; for as a King faid, Hcrr,cu,(hi^,„, 
 Dum terfiori fiudemus eloquendi formula, fuiterfugit nos > "> 
 
 clamulum apertui iUe & familiaris JieenJi modut. Flowing Tff '/wl''" 
 at one and the fclle lame height, neither taken m and a.;. ^'/Tr 
 knit up too fliort, that, like rich hangings of Arras or tarr^,,,! Epi/i. 
 Tapiftr)', thereby lofe their grace and beautie, as 
 Themifiodes was wont to fay : nor fuffcrcd to fprcad fo 
 farrc, like foft Muiickc in an open field, whole dehcious 
 fweetnefle vanillicth, and is loll in the ayre, not beeing 
 contained within the walks of a roome. In fpeaking, 
 rather lay downe your words one by one, than pourc them 
 foorth together; this hath made many men naturally 
 How of fpeech, to fee n wifely judicious, and be judicioully 
 wife ; for, befide the grace it giveth to the speaker, it 
 much helpeth the memory of the hearer, and is a good 
 remedie againlt impediment of fpccch. Sir Nichol/u 
 Bacm, fometime Lord ChznctWor of England, and fiither 
 
 to 
 
 ■ »Vignetterie (cdd. of N.E.D.). 
 
44 Of jiyle and H^ory. 
 
 to my Lord of S. Albtmtt^ a moft eloquent man, and of 
 
 as (bund learning and wifcdomc, as England bred in 
 many Ages : with the old Lord William Burghley^ Lord 
 Trcafiircr of England • have above others herein bcenc 
 admired, and commended in their publique Ipcechcs in 
 the Parliament-houfe and Starre-Chamber : for nothing 
 drawes our attention more than good matter eloquently 
 digcflcd, and uttered with a graccfull, cleere, and diltindt 
 pronuntiation. 
 
 But to be fure your ftilc may pafTe for currant, as of 
 the richelt alloy, imitate the bell Authors as well in 
 Oratory as Hiftory; bcfide the excrcife of vour owne 
 Invention, with much conference with thofe who can 
 fpcak well : nor bee i"o foolilh precii'c as a number arc, 
 who make it Religion to fpeakc othcrwifc than this or 
 that Author. As Longolius was iaughcd at by the learned, 
 for his fo apifli and fuperftitious imitation of Tuily, in 
 fo much as he would have thought a whole Volume quite 
 marred, if the word Poffitile had paflcd his pea; bccaufe 
 it is not to be found in all TuUy : or every Sentence had 
 not f unkc with, cjfepojfe videatur, like a pcale ending with 
 a chime, or an Amen upon the Organcs in Pauls, For as 
 the younf Virgin to make her faireft Garlands, gathereth 
 not altogether one kinde of Flower; and the cunning 
 Painter, to make a delicate beautic, is forced to m'xe his 
 Complexion, and compound it of many colours ; the 
 Ar:u -worker, to pleafe the eyes of Princes, to be ac- 
 quainted with many Histories : lb a^c you to gather this 
 
 Exod. 4.. Honey of eloquence, A gift of heaven, out of mary fields; 
 
 making it your owne by diligence in colleiftion, care i:i 
 cxpreflion, and skill indigcftion. Hut let mce icadcyoi; 
 forth into thcfe all-flowric and verdant Held.-, where fo 
 much fweet varietie will amaze, and make you doubtful! 
 where to gather firft. 
 
 ckirt. Firft, TuUie (in whofe Ixafom- the Trcarurc of E'.Ioquencc 
 
 fecmeth to have bcenc locked up, and with him to have 
 
 periihed 
 
of Style and H^ory. 45- 
 
 pcrillicd) offcreth himfelfe as T«ter Romani elo^uij: whofe 
 words and iHIe (that you may not bcc licid an Hcrctique 
 of all the world) you rnufl prctcrrc above all other, as 
 well for the fwettncfTc, gravity, richncde, and vnimitable 
 texture tliereof: as that his workcs are throughout 
 feafoned with all kind of Learning, and relifli of a 
 fingular and Chriftianlikc hontfty. Then ^ anted not tn Tacltm in 
 him (l aith Tacitus) knovj ledge of Geometry ^ of Muficke^ of no 
 manner of Art that mas commend akle and honefi: he kne-w 
 the fuhtilty of Logicke, each part of Morall Philofophy^ and 
 fo torth. How well he was feene in the Civill Lawes, 
 his Bookes De legihus^ and the Adi(Mis in Vtrrem^ will 
 fhew you: which arc the rather worthy your reading, 
 becaufe you Hull there fee the grounds of many of our 
 Lawes heere in England. For the integrity of his mind, 
 though his Offices had layne fupprcflcd, let this one 
 faying (among many thoufands) pcrfwadc you to a 
 charitable opinion of the fame: A reBa confcientid ^i^^nicum 
 tranfverfum unguem, non oportet quenquam in onmi fua vita 
 difcedere. Whereto I might adde that tale of Gy^s ring 
 in his Offices, which booke let it not feemc contemptible 
 unto you, becauic it lyeth tofled and torne in every 
 Schoole : but bee precious, as it was fometime unto the 
 old Lord Burghley^ Lord high Treafurcr of England, 
 before named j who, to his dying day, would alwayes 
 carry it about him, cither in his bofome or pocket, 
 beeing lufHcient (_as one faid of Ariftotles Rhctoriqiics) 
 to make both a Schollcr and an honelt man. Instate 
 fully for his phrafe and llile, cfpecially in his Epiillcs 
 Ad Atticum: his Bookes De Oratore: among his OrutionSj 
 thofe Pro M. Mareello^ Fro Archia Poeta^ T. Annio 
 M'llone^ Sext. Bofc. Amerino i Puh. fiuinElio: the firft 
 two againft Catiline ^ and tht third Adrion againlt 
 Vtrres. Thcfe in my opinion are fuUeft of life : but 
 you may vfc your difcrction, you cannot make your 
 choice aniiire. 
 
 After 
 
4^ Of Stile and Hiftory. 
 
 (^tft,. Alter C/Vfro, 1 mult needs bring you defar, wl oni 
 
 Tylly himlclfe confeflcth of all Orators, to have I'pokcn 
 the moll eloquent and purcft Latino: Et hgne btne 
 
 tUmOmtri. Itquendi lauJon (('.ith he) multis Uteris., £^ ijs qtudtm 
 reconditis exquifitis^ Jutamo^ue Rudio & diligentia ffi 
 
 SffniiliM. lit. conjequutm. And, In quo (faith ^ntilian\ tanta vity id 
 
 to. Mdfimm. acume?!^ ea covcitatio^ ut illurn eodem animo dixijfe appareat 
 quo heUavit, In 'whom there -was Jo p-eat vekemency^ that 
 fine iudgement^ that courage and motion^ that it j'eemes bee 
 urote laith the J'ame Jpirit hee fought. To ri adc him as 
 you ouglit, you mull bring with you an able judgement, 
 btiiilc your Didtionary : by rcafon of the divcrfity of 
 Countries, Trads, Places, Rivers, People, names of 
 ancient Cities and Townes,to be fought out, in modcrne, 
 ftrange, and unknownc names : of materials in buildings 
 (as in his bridge over the Rhine framed, Ex tignis^ 
 tratihus^ fihulis., fubUcis., lori^rijs., &c.) which, except you 
 were I'ccne in Archit* cLure, you would hardly undcritand: 
 then llrangc names and formes of warlike Engines and 
 weapons then in ufe: fundry formes of fortification, 
 water-workcs, and the like; which no':withftanding fince, 
 have becne made knowne and familiar unto us, by the 
 painefull labours of thole all-llarciiing wits, Lipjius^ 
 RamM, Giovanni de RameUis^ and others : and may be 
 read in Englifli excellently tranllated and illuftrated, by 
 that learned and trucly honourabk- Gentleman, Sir 
 Clement Edmonds Knight, Clearke of his Maiclhes moll 
 honourable Privy Counfcll, my worthy friend : though 
 many excellent workes of Cafars., as his EpiiHes, his 
 Allronomy, &c. through the iniquity of envious Time, 
 are utterly loft and perifhed. 
 
 On. Ttcit. Now olfcreth himfclfc Comcllu; Tacitus., th.e Prince ol 
 
 Hiliorians: of whom 1 may not untruly lay (as Scal;jer 
 of Virgil) E cnitu ore nil temere excidit^ as will lor his 
 diligence as gravity; fo copious in pleal'mg brevity, 
 each Sentence carrying with it a kind ot lotty State and 
 
 Majclly, 
 
Cf liilt and Hiflory. 47 
 
 Majellic, iuch as lliould (mc thinkc) pmctnd frwn tJr 
 mouth of GrcatQcfle and Commandi in fenfe retired, 
 decpc, and not fbrdable • to the ordinary Reader. Hee 
 doth in part fptakc moll purt- > ->d excellent Engiiln, by 
 the induilryofthat moitkarned suid judicious Gcntflfman; 
 whofc long labour and ixifinite dtat^ in a farrc greater 
 worke, have wonnc him the love of the moil learned, 
 and drawn not onely the eye of Greece^ all Eurofe to 
 his admiration. 
 
 But there being, as Lipfim faith. Sum cuique lingua; 
 geniiu: Let me advile you of this jy the way, that no 
 Trandation whatfoever will affcd you, like the Authors 
 owne and proper language: for to reade him as hee 
 fpike, it confirmeth our judgements with an allured 
 boldncde and confidence of his intent and meaning j 
 rcniooving that lauple of ieloulie we have commonly of 
 ignorant and unfaithfull pens, which deale many times 
 hcrc'inj'ublejia ' fide. Beiidcs, it is an injury to the Author, 
 who heereby loieth ibmewiiat of his value : like a peece 
 of rich ItufFe in a Brokers fliop, onci) for that it is there 
 at a fccond hand, though never worne, or newlj tranflated 
 but yefterday. 
 
 The next Titus Livius^ whom like a milky Fountaine, t. Uvim. 
 you fliail every where finde flowing, with lutli la elegant 
 fweetncfTe, fuch banquet-like varietie, that you would 
 imagine other Authors did but bring your moutli out of 
 taltc. In his liril Decade, you have the comming of ^neas 
 into lUly^ the building of Rome, the firit choife of the 
 Senate, the religious rites of Numa, tlie brave combate 
 of the Horatij and Curattf, the tiranny of Tarquine^ the rape 
 of Lucrece by Sextut his fonne, and firft Confuls created. 
 
 In the third tlic Hiltory of the fccond Punicke warre, 
 Hatindals pallage againlt the league over the River 
 lieriu^ who after eight monethes fiedge, tooke Sapmttm • 
 his paflage over the Fyrmam hilfcs, his forraging of 
 
 France : 
 
 ' fbrdable i6St : forceaWe i6%^ = mUt/U t66i t nMti* 1634 
 
48 Oj Stile and Hijfory. 
 
 Frsmtt. after dcfcendin^ the yllpes, with his overthrow 
 
 of the Romanes^ with his Horie troupes at the River 
 Tictno^ where Scipio (after Ajricanus) rclcucd his father j 
 bccing very grievoully wounded. His fecmid over- 
 throw of the Romans^ at the River Treiia^ his hard 
 paHagc in cruell weather and tempells,ovcr the Apfenine^ 
 &c. 
 
 In the fourth, is recorded tlic occafion of the warrc, 
 .v^i\n\\Fhil!pY^\n^oi^ Macedofiia (concerning the comming 
 in of two young inen of Acarnav'ia^ into the Temple oi 
 Ceres at Athens) : Againll whom Sulfitius was lent, by 
 whom the Macedoniavs were oucrthrowne in an horfe 
 battaile : how Furius fiibcliied the rebi llioiis dru, 
 overthrew Hamilcar with thirty five thoulanii Cartka- 
 fjnians | with many other expeditions ofThilip of MaceJoti 
 and Sulpitiuf. 
 
 In the hit, the going out of tlic fire in the Temple of 
 Vefta-^ how Titu Semproniut Gracchus^ fubdued the Cel- 
 
 tif>er':.in Sp.vti.irjf^ and built a Townc in Spa'ine called 
 Gr.7,v/'«r;V, after his name j PoJ}humiHs Altinius triumphed 
 over the Portugals : the number of the Citizens of Rome 
 Reckoned by the poll, with the Law of yolumt'm Saxa^ 
 by which no woman n as to inherit, &c. 
 
 Bcc then atquaii/. ' \vii!> ^^»tus Curtius^ who palling 
 eloquently with a taithfuU pcnnc and found iudgement, 
 writeth the Life and Ads of Alexander'^ in whom you 
 fha'l fee the patterne of a brauc Prince, for Wifedoinc, 
 Courage, Magnanimity, Bounty, Courtthc, Agility of 
 body, and whatlbcver elf e were to be wilhed in Maicfty ; 
 till furfeting (in the bi S of his a^re) on his exccflivc 
 Fortunes, and even burthenlonie to himlelfe : by his 
 ovcrgreatnclle, he k-came irdaiov axOoi afwvpri',-, an 
 vnprotitable hurt! v n of the earth, and fi o!n the darling of 
 heauen, to Ik; tb.e dildainc of all the world. 
 
 After him (w!-oin indeed I liiould haiie preferred before, 
 as being honoured with the Title of Hijlori^ pater) 
 
 foUowetn 
 
Of Shle and Hifhry. 49 
 
 followcth Jtf/if/?, conuncndid moU Jor brcv iticj as alfo 
 for the richnclU- of his Cptcch and phrafc; but wherein 
 his brevitie conlilkth, the moW arc ignorant. Our 
 Grammarians imagine, bccaufc his Difcourfis (as they 
 fay) arc- oiulv of the matter and pcrfons hardy and 
 nkicedlvdclicribcd, without circumrtance and preparation, 
 counTcb and deliberations had before, cfft('>s and cucnts 
 after: vvliidi is quite contrary; as may bet leene by the 
 ConCpiracie of Catiline^ wliich htc might in a manner 
 liave let downe in three words. But how amply, and 
 with wliat adoe doth he dcfcribe it? what circumlbnccs 
 more open, more abundant, than where he faith; Tke 
 Romane Sould'iers heeing amazed with an unwonted uprore 
 hetookt them to their H'eapovs feme hid themj'elues^ ntk r\- 
 aduifed their Compaviovs to ftavd jioutly to it : they -were 
 afraid in euery pi ace ^ the viultitude of Enemies Jo p-eat. 
 The heauen was oifcured with night, and thi.kc Cloudes 
 the periU was dotibtfuU : and lajlly, no man kne-^ whether 
 it "^en fifrfl for hnn to flye, or to fiay by it? And let 
 them now ice their error, who affirme his Difcourfe to 
 bee unftimiflied of Counfels, Deliberations, Confulta- 
 tions, &c. Is n<^t the rea/'on ftt downe, why lugurth 
 aflaulted Cirtha at the arrivali of the Embafiadours? the 
 intent and preparation of the warre by Metellm the 
 Coiidil!, laid open in an ample manner, wlicreiii con- 
 filhtl: the riclinelii: of his Difcouric? His brevitie 
 indeed, worthy your obfervation and imitation, con- 
 firteth in ihutting up whole and wei|^iitie Sentences in 
 three words, fetching noticing afarre, or putting in more 
 than needs; but in quicke and iHrring Afjndetas after 
 his manner: as the moll learned hauc out of him 
 oblerved. 
 
 And fince it is TuUies advice, as was his ownc ufe (as 
 himielfc tellifietii) Non in Philofophid folum^ fed etiam in 
 dUendi exercitattone^ cum Gracis hatha conjungere . By 
 this time acquaint your felfe with that golden Cyri pA-dia 
 
 riALHAM E of 
 
Xtntfhm. 
 
 HMaty. 
 
 Hiftory, how 
 divided. 
 
 %/Enud. f. 
 
 (ir. 2. Jt 
 Or.iiore. 
 
 The old Lord 
 Treafurer Bur- 
 leigh, if any one 
 came to the 
 LL. of the 
 Counfell, for 
 
 fo Of Stile and Hijhry, 
 
 of Xenophon^ whom heere you flull fee a couragious and 
 brave Commander, marflialling an Army : there a moll 
 grave and eloquent Philofopher, in the pcrfon oi Cyrus, 
 lhaping out unto us with Inke of NeSiar^ a perfedt and 
 abfolute Prince, (to the example of all Princes and 
 Nobilitie) for his ftudics, his dyet, his exercife, his 
 carris^e, and every way manne r of living : infomuch, as 
 the hk>ble Scipio ^fricanur, as well in his warres abroad, 
 as in peace at home, above all other held Xctiophon in 
 higheft regard ; ever faying, he could never commend 
 him fufficiently, or reade him ouer often enough. 
 
 Hitherto have I given you a tafte (at your ownc choice) 
 as well for univerfall Hiftory, as your imitation in 
 writing and fpeaking. That I account univerfall, which 
 cntreateth of the beginning, increafe, government, and 
 alterations of Monarchies, Kingdomes, and Common- 
 wealths: and to further you herein, you may reade 
 lufilne, Diodorus Sicu/us, Zonaras, Orofius of more later 
 times, SaheU'tcus, Carton, with fome others. 
 
 For fpeciall Hiftory, that reporteth the affaires and 
 government of particular Eftates; you have the moft 
 ancient Herodotus, the Noble and eloquent Thucidides, 
 Arrianus, Halicarnajfteus, Tolihius, Suetonius, and others. 
 
 All hiftory divideth it felfe into foure branches : the 
 firft fpreadetn it felfe into, and over all places, as Geogra- 
 phy: the fecond, growetli and pathereth ftrength with 
 trad of time, as chronology: the third, is laden with 
 defcents, as Genealogy : the fourth and laft (like the 
 golden Bow' Proferpina gz.\QJEteai) is tha% truely called 
 by Ciceroy Lex veritatis, which telleth us of things as they 
 were done, and of all other moft prof>erly is called 
 Hijlory. For all Hiftory in times paft, faith TuUy, was 
 none other then A7tnaliuTn Confeiiio, the making of 
 Armales, that is, recording of what was done from yecre 
 to yeere. But while I wander in forraignc Hiftory, let 
 
 me 
 
 ' sk 1654., 
 
of Stile ana H^ory. 
 
 mc warne you, ne fts f^regrinus domi : that you bee not a a Licence to 
 Granger in the Hillory of your owne Country, which is "avaiit-, hee 
 a common fault imputed to our Englifli Travellers in exammt'L, 
 forreinc Countries : who curious in the obfervation and of e„^i.v,^- if 
 fearch of the moft memorable things and monuments of ^"""'^ ^'^^ 
 other places, can fay (as a great Peere of France told me) ^fouTd bfd him 
 nothing of their owne, our Country of England being ftay at home 
 no whit inferior to any other in the world, for matter of ''""^ 
 Antiquity, and rarities of every kind worthy remarke l'^^^'>»'^'^ 
 and admiration. Herein I muft worthily and onely ii,s Bntuw,y 
 preferre unto you the glory i f our Nation, M. Camden^ with the life 
 afwell for his judgement and diligence, as the purity and ^/^^""^ 
 fweet fluence of the Latine ilyle ; and with him the rifrag Hi* Jm Angl. 
 Starre of good letters and Antiquity, M. lokn Selden of Titles of Hm»r. 
 the Inner Temple. As for Giraldus, Geoffrey Hie-den T»g«»»e'- with 
 Ranulph of Ckefier, Walfingham a Monke of S. Aliane] ^l .t^^^n^ 
 with the reft, they did cum faculo cacutire, a.nd tooke upon not yet print- 
 credite many a time more then they could well anfwer : ^j^^ -^^^^ 
 that I mav not omit Po/ydore Fir^l an Italian, who did our Pohln'vLui 
 Nation that deplorable injury, in the time of K. Henry did to our 
 the eight, for that his owne Hiftory might pafle for 
 currant, hee burned and embezled the bcft and moft 
 ancient Records and Monuments of our Abbeyes, Priories, 
 and Cathedrall Churches, under colour (having a large 
 Commiilion under the Great Scale) of making fearch for 
 all fuch monuments^ manufc. reairds, Legier tookes, ^c. as 
 might make for his purpofe : yet for all this he hath the 
 ill Tucke to write nothing well, fave the life of Hnry the 
 leventh, wherein hee had rcafon to take a little more 
 paines then ordinary, the booke being dedicated to Hevry 
 the eight his fonne. 
 
 No llibject aftectcth us with more delight then Hiftoryy 
 imprinting a thoufand formes upon our imaginations, 
 from the circumftances of Place, Perfon, Time, Matter, 
 inanner, and the like. And, -^hat can he more profitable 
 (faith an ancient Hiitorian) tkan fitting cn the Stage of Diodorui 
 
 E 1 humane sicului. 
 
fz of Style and History. 
 
 humane life, to be made ijj'tfe hy their example.^ luho have 
 trod the path of err our and danger before us Bodin tels 
 vs of fome, who have recovered their healthes by reading 
 of Hiftory ; and it is credibly affirmed of King Alphon- 
 fus, that the onely reading of §luint. Curtius, cured him of 
 a very dangerous fever. If I could have beene fo rid of 
 my late quartane ague, I would have faid with the fame 
 good King: Valeat Avicenna^tivat Curtius-^ and have done 
 him as much honour, as ever the Chians their Hippocrates^ 
 or the Sun-burnd vEgyptians their /Efculapius. 
 
 For Morality and rules of well living, delivered with 
 fuch fententious gravity, weight of reafon, fo fwcetned 
 riutardi. how with Uvcly and apt fimilitudes, entertaine Plutarch • 
 ^^amon^ ' irj ^'^""^ according to the opinion of Gaza the world would 
 leariwd"^ prelervc, iliould it be put to the choice to icceive one 
 onely Author (the Sacred Scriptures excepted) and to 
 burne all the reft: efpecially his Uves and Morals. 
 The juft praife After him, the vertuous and divine Seneca., who for that 
 ot Seneca. jjc Uvcd fo nccrc the times of the Apoltles, and had 
 familiar acquaintaince with 8. Paul (as it is fiippofed by 
 thofe Epiltks that paflTe under either names) is thought 
 in heart to have beene a ChrilHan j and certes fo it 
 feemeth to me, by that Spirit, wherewith fo many rules 
 of Patience, Humility, Contempt of the world, are 
 rehned and exempt from the degrees of Paganifme. 
 Some fay that about the beginning of Neroes raigne, he 
 jtt vit* Senecd. citnc ovcT hither into Britaine : but moft certaine it is, 
 he had divers lands beftowed on him here in England^ 
 and thofe fuppofed to have laine in Eflex neere to 
 Camalodunum., now Maldon. 
 
 Againe, while you are intent to forraine Authors and 
 Languages, forget not to ipeakc and write your u \ ne 
 properly and eloquently : whereof (to fay truth) you lhall 
 have tne greateft vfe, (fince you are like to live an 
 eminent pcrion in )our Countrcy, and mcanc to make 
 no profellion of Schollcrlhip.) I have knowne even 
 
 excellent 
 
of Stile and Hiftoiy. 5-3 
 
 excellent SchoUers fo defective this way, that when they 
 had bccnc beating their braines twenty or foure and 
 twenty yccrcs about Greeke Etymologies, or the Hebrew 
 Roots and Rabbines, could neither write true Englilli, 
 nor true Orthography: and to have heard themdifcourfe 
 in publikc, or privately at a Table, you would have 
 thought you had heard Loy talking to his Pigges, or lohn 
 de Indapne declaiming in the praue of wild-geefe j other- 
 wife for their iudgement in the Arts and other Tc«gues 
 very fufficient. 
 
 To helpe your felfe herein, make choice of thofe 
 Authors in Profc, who fpeakc the beft and pureft Englifli. 
 I would commend unto you (though from more Anti- 
 quity) the Life of 'Richard the third, written by Sir 
 Thomas Moore the Arcadia of the Noble Sir Philip 
 Sidney^ whom Du Bartas makes one of the foure Colunmes 
 of our Language ; the EJfdyes, and other pceccs of the The btc pub- 
 excellent Mal>' • of Eloquence, my Lord of S. Alhanes, 'w^'^thc' 
 who poffefleth not onely Eloquence, but all good Learning, fe^enth. 
 as hereditary both by Father and Mother. You have 
 then M. Hooker his Policy: Henry the fourth, well 
 written by S. lohn Hay-ward-^ that firit part of our Englifli 
 Kings, by M. Samuel Daniel. There arc many others 
 I know, but thefe will tall you belt, as proceeding from 
 no vulgar iudgement : the laft Earle of Northampton in his 
 ordinary ftile of writing was not to be mended. Procure 
 then, if you may, the fpeeches made in Parliament : 
 frequent learned Sermons : in Terme time refort to the 
 Starre-Chamber, and be prcfent at the Pleadings in 
 other publike Courts, whereby you flull better your 
 fpeech, enrich your underftanding, and get more experi- 
 ence in one moneth, than in other foure, by keeping 
 your Melancholly Sti. iy, and by folitary Meditation. 
 Imagine not that hereby 1 would bind you h^om reading 
 all other bookes, fince there is no booke fo bad, even 
 Sir Bevis himfelfe, Owleglajfe^ or NaJ/jes Herring, but 
 
 fome 
 
f4 Of Stile and Hijiory. 
 
 fome commodity may be gotten by it. For as in the 
 fame pafture, the Oxe findeth fodder, the Hound a Hare; 
 the Stork a L' 'ard, the fairc maidc flowers; fo wc cannot, 
 Spieca Efifl. except wee h. our fclvcs (faith Seneca) but depait the 
 
 better from any booke whatfoever. 
 The Epiftlcs And trc you begin a booke, forget not to rcadc the 
 ofBookcs, oft Epilllc; for commonly they are the belt laboured and 
 J^JTce of "th^m. penned. For as in a garment, whatfoever the ItufFe be, the 
 owner (for the moll part) afFecteth a coftly and extra- 
 ordinf. / facing; and in the houfe of a countrey Gentle- 
 man, the porch, of a Citizen, the carved gate and painted 
 poftes carry away the Glory from the reil; fo is it with our 
 common Authors, if they have any wit at all, they fet it 
 like Velvet before, though the backe, like (a barikerupts 
 doublet) be but of poldavy or buckram. 
 
 Aflfed not as fome doe, that bookifh Ambition, to be 
 ftored with bookcs and have well furniflied Libraries, yet 
 keepe their heads empty of knowledge: to defire to 
 have manv bookes, and never to ufe them, U like » child 
 that ■will have a candle huming by hanty all the vihile he is 
 jleeping. 
 
 How to keepe Laftly, have a care of keeping your bookes handfome, 
 your bookes. and well bound, not cafting away overmuch in their 
 gilding orllringing for oftentation fake, like the prayer- 
 bookes of girlcs and gallants, which are carryed to Church 
 but for their out-fides. Yet for your owne vfe fparc 
 them not f ■ noting or enterlining (if they be printed), 
 for it is not likely you meane to be a gainer by them, 
 when you have done with them : neither fuffer them 
 through negligence to mold and be moath-eaten or want 
 thtir firings and covers. 
 The anfwer of King Alphonfus about to lay the foundation of a Cafllc 
 King Mphm- Naples, called for Vitruvitu his booke of Architedlurc; 
 ingM"w«w' ^^'^ booke was brought in very bad cafe, all dully and 
 without covers : which the King obferving faid. He that 
 mufi cover vs all, mufi not goe uncovered himfelfe: th'-n 
 
 com- 
 
of Cojmography. fs 
 
 commanded the booke to be fairtly bound and brouglit 
 unto him. So fay I, fufFer them not to lye negleded, 
 who muft make you regarded ; and goe in torne coates, 
 who muft apparell your mind with the ornaments of 
 knowledge, above the roabes and riches of the moft 
 Magniticent Piinces. 
 
 To avoydc the inconvenience of moathes and moldi- 
 nefle. Jet your Itudy be placed, and your windowes open, Mappes and 
 if it may be, towards the Eaft, for where it looketh South P'*«'"- 
 or Weft, the aire being ever fubied to moifture, moathes 
 are bred and darkininefle encreafcd, whereby your maps 
 and pidures will quickly become pale, loofmg their life 
 and colours, or rotting upon their cloath, or paper, decay 
 pail all helpe and recovery. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Of Cofmography. 
 
 THat like a ftranger in a forraine land, ye may not 
 wander without a guide, ignorant of tlwfe places by 
 which you are to pafle, and flicke amufed ; amazed in 
 the Labyrinth of Hifiory : Cofmop-aphy a fecond Ariadne, 
 bringing lines enough, is come to your delivery, whom 
 imagine ftanding on a faire hill, and with one hand, Mcridimi, 
 pointing and difcourfmg unto you of the Coeleftiall P"»'e'»>^ 
 Sphsre, the names, ufcs, and diftinftions of every circle, 
 whereof it confifteth, the fcituation of Regions according 
 to the fame, the reafon of Climates, lengtili and fliortnefle 
 of dayes and nights, motion, rifing and fetting as well of 
 fixed ftars, as erratique, elevation of the Pole, Paralells, 
 Meridians, and whatfocver clfe refpedeth that Coeleltiall 
 body. 
 
 With 
 
j"<S Of Cojmo^raphy. 
 
 With the other hand downcw .rd, flicc Ihewtth you 
 the giobc of the earth, (dilhnguiflicd by Seas, Moun- 
 Uines, Rivers, Rockcs, Lakes and the like), the fubjcdt 
 of Geographic which defined according to Ptolemy and 
 others, is an imitation of the face (by draught and piiSure) 
 of the whole earth, and all the principall and knowne 
 parts thereof, with e mofV remarkeable things thereunto 
 belonging. 
 
 A Icience at xc both feeding the eye and minde 
 with fuch incredible variety, and profitable pleafure, 
 that even the grcateft kings and Philofophcrs have not 
 onely l)elk)\ved the beil part of their time in tlic con- 
 templation hereof at home, but to their infinite charge 
 and perill of their perfons, have mfclvcs travailed to 
 underftand the Scituation of far. , countries, bounds of 
 Seas, qualities of Regions, manners of people and the 
 like. 
 
 ThenccelTlcy So ncccnTary for the underftandine ot Hiftory ("as I 
 ot^coimogra- j^^^^ ^^j^^ ^^^j^^ p^^^^^ (wherein no fmall 
 
 part of the treafure of humane learning lycth hid) that 
 without it we know not how the moft memorable cnter- 
 prifes of tiic world have bin carrycd and performed j we 
 are ignorant of the growth, flourifh and fall of the firfl- 
 Monarchies, whereat Hiftory taketh her head and begin- 
 ning : we conceive nothing of the government, anc. 
 commodities of other nations, wee cannot judge of the 
 ftrcngth of our enemies, diftinguifli the limits betweene 
 kingdomc and kingdomc, names of places from names 
 of people: nay (with Monfier Gaulart) wee doubt at 
 Paris wliether wee fee there the fame Moone wee have 
 at London or not : on the contrary, wc know this and 
 much more, without expofmg (as in old time) our bodies 
 to a tedious travailc, but with much more eafe, having 
 the world at will, or (as tlic faying is) the world in a 
 ftring, in our owne chamber. How prxjudiciall the 
 ignorance of Geography hath beene unto Princes in 
 
 fbrraine 
 
of Cofmoffraphy, f7 
 
 forraine expeditions againft their enemies, urJbrtunatc 
 Cyrus will tell you, who Ixing ignorant of Oaxis and the 
 Strcights, was ovcrtlirownc by Thomaris tlic Scythian 
 Quccnc; and of two hundred thoufand Ferfians in his 
 army, not one efcaped through his unskilfulnefle herein, 
 as lufline rcportcth. 
 
 And at another time what a memorable victory to 
 his perpetuall glory cariyed Leonidas from the FerfioHs, 
 oncly for that they were unacquainted with the iheights 
 
 of * Thermopile. * Thermopjrlac 
 
 And the foule overthrow that Crajfus received the |,'fGr""cf- " 
 Farthians^v^ iS. imputed to nothing clfc, than his ignorance thorow w'hidi 
 of that Country, and the pallagcs thereof. there is a ftrait 
 
 Alexander, therefore, -^aking any enterprife in hand, 
 
 , , r n r ', ^'/..^ .' pallaee envi- 
 
 would nrlt caufe an exad. mappe of the country to bee Joncd with a 
 drawne in collours, to c*. ifider where were the fafeli: rough fea and 
 entrance, where he might pafle this River, how to fo^^"^^ 
 avoyde that Rock, and in what place moll commodioufly the weUof hoc 
 to give his enemy battaile. water* which 
 
 Such is the plcafure, fuch is the profit of this admirable 'J^Jn^^he 
 knowledge, which account rather in the number of your \^°ks^ ' ^ 
 recreations than feverer ftudies, it being befide quickly, cofmography 
 and with much cafe attained unto. Prince Henry of " 
 eternall memory, was herein very ihidious, having P 
 for his inftrudour that excellent Mathematician, and 
 (while hee lived) my loving friend Mafter Edvaard 
 Wright. 
 
 To the attaining of perfediion herein, as it were your The principles 
 firft entrance, you are to learne and underftand certaine of Geometry 
 Geometrical) definitions, which are firft FunElum, or a feaJi^d!"' 
 pricke; a line, a Superficies either plaine, Convexe or 
 Concave^ your Angles right, blunt and fliarpc. Figures, 
 Circles, Semicircles, the Diameter, Triangles, Squares 
 of all forts, paralells and the like, as Mafter Blundevile 
 in his firft booke of the Sphsere will fliew you ; for you 
 fliall have ufe of many of thefe, to the ' lerftanding 
 
 thereoh 
 
* \ 'i if ( ' V till in 
 
 i^* roii^lf l «, tdit. 
 
 vlt. 
 
 Thr rljncts in 
 their order. 
 
 5" 8 of Cojii. ogrnphy. 
 
 thereof. Colmography conlaincth Altronomy, Allrology, 
 Geography and Chorography. Agronomy confidercth 
 the magnitude and motions of the ccLleiHall fxidiis*. 
 Tlic CarleltiaU bodies arc the eleven iieavtns and 
 Sphacres. 
 
 Tlic eleventh hcavcn in the habitation of God and his 
 
 Angels. 
 The tenth the firft moover. 
 
 The ninth the Chriftalline heaven. 
 The eighth tlie fbrry tirmament. 
 Then the fcvcn Planets in their order, which you may 
 rememLer in their order by this verfe, 
 
 Poji Sim SyMfeaultur^ vlfma LVNAfubefti 
 Would you count the Planets fome^ 
 Rememier SIMSVM and the MO ONE. 
 
 The lirft Letter S for Satume, I for lufiter, M for 
 Mars, S for the Sunne, V Venut, M Mercury : laftly, the 
 Moofte. 
 
 The Imperiall Heaven is immoveable, moft pure, 
 immenfe in quantity, and cleere in quality. 
 
 The tenth Heaven or firft moover, is alio moft pure, 
 and clearc, and maketh his revolution in foure and 
 twenty houres, carrying with the fwiftneffe, the other 
 Heavens violently from Eaft to Weft, from tiieir proper 
 revoludons, which is from Weft to Eaft. 
 
 The ninth, or Chriftallinc heaven, moveth by force of 
 the firft mover, firft from Eaft to Weft, then from Weft 
 to Eaft upon his owne poles, and accomplillieth his 
 revolution in 3(^000 ycercs. And this revolution being 
 finiflied, Plato was of opinion, that the world Ihould be 
 in the fame ftate it was before; I fliould Jive and print 
 fuch a booke againe, and you reade it in the fame apparell, 
 and the fame age you are now in. 
 
 Two Schollers in Germany having Jaine fo long in an 
 
 Inne, 
 
Innc, that llicy had not onily ijxnt all thti> Monty, but a mcrrv talc 
 
 ailb ran into tkbt ibmc two hundrti! Dolltrs: told their "t t A„ j,„oic 
 
 1 h,!t of Plato's great ycarc : and how that time fixe and fSHoft* 
 
 thirty thoul'and yccrcs the wwld fbould U'e againc as it 
 
 was, and they Ihould be in the fame Innc and Chamber 
 
 againc and dclircd him to truit tiicm till tlicn ; Quoth 
 
 mine Holt, 1 bclecve it to be true : and I remember lixe 
 
 and thirty thoufand yecres a goc you were heare, and left 
 
 juil fuch a reckoning behind to pay, I pray you (lentlc- 
 
 mcn difcharec thathrlt, and I will trulkyou tor the next. 
 
 The eighth Heaven or glorious ftarry Firmament, hath 
 a threefold motion, (xvz.) from Eail to Weft in fourc 
 and twenty hourcs, Jecundum primum Mobile : then from 
 Weft to Eaft, according to the motion of the ninth 
 Heaven : then fometimcs to the South, and fometime 
 towards the North, called motus trepidatlonis. 
 
 Touching the motions of the Planets, lince you may 
 have them in every Almanackc, I willingly omit them. 
 
 The Sphearc of the world confifteth of ten Circles, oivifion of tlic 
 the iEquincxaiall, the Zodiacke, the two Colures, the Spheare. 
 Horizon, the Meridian, the two Tropiques, and the two 
 polar Circles. 
 
 The yEquinoJtiall, is a circle dividing the world, as t'"^ ^tquino- 
 in the midlt, equally diftant from the two poles: it con- 
 taincth three hundred and fixty degrees, which being mul- 
 tiplyed by fixty, (the number of miles in a degree) ni. c 
 one and twenty thoufand and fixe hundred miles, which 
 
 which (being the Diameter) about feven thoufand and 
 odde miles, is the thicknellc of the fame. Thofc who 
 dwell under the vEquinot^iall, having no Latitude either 
 to the North or South, but their dayes and nights alwayc" 
 of an cquall length. 
 
 The Zodiacke is an oblickc circle, dividing the Spheare The Zoduckr. 
 athwart the i^iquinodliall into points, {viz.) the be- 
 ginning of Aries and Libra : In the midft whereof is 
 
 The third part of 
 
 the 
 
6o of CoJ'mo(fraphy. 
 
 the F.cliptickc line j the vtmoll limits thereof arc the two 
 Tiopiijuis, Camcfr ind Cf^/Vor**; the length thereof is 
 
 three hundred and (ixty -tegrees, the hredth llxteene. It 
 is divided into twelve iignes, lixc Northerly, and iixc 
 Southerly; the Northerne arc, jlriet, Tauriu^ Cancer^ 
 Getnifi't, Len^yirgo ; the Stiuthcrnc, Li f>rii, Scorpio^ S^gittiir'ius^ 
 Capricornus, ylquariiu^ Pijces : he turneth upon his ownc 
 poles from Well to Eaft. 
 
 The Colures. The two Colli res, are two great moveable Circles, pading 
 Ihorow lx)th the Poles of tlie woriii, croflino; one an*)tlier 
 with right Sphericall Angles : fo that like an Apple cut 
 into foiirc quarters, they divide into equall parts the 
 whole Sphere : the one paflcth through the iEquinodtiall 
 pt)intsandpolcsof theworkl,and isc ailed tlie /Equinodtiall 
 Colure : the other palllth thwow the Solllitiall points, 
 and is called the Solftitiall Colure. 
 
 The Horizon. The Horizon, is a Circle ii)imovcabIe, which liivideth 
 the upper Hemilphere, or hahc part of the world from 
 the nether: it hath the name of o/h'Cw) which is termimo, or 
 to bound or limit ; becaufc, imagine you flood upon 
 High-gate^ or the Tower hill at Greeneuich^ fo farre as 
 you may fee round about as in a circle, where the heaven 
 feeineth to touch the earth, that is called the Horizon : 
 The poles whereof, are the point jult over your head, 
 called Zenith in Arabian ; and the other under your feetc, 
 palling by the Center of the world, called Nadir. 
 
 The Meridian. The Meridian is an immoveable circle, palling thorow 
 the poles of the world : it is called the Meridian, of Meri- 
 dies Noonetidc, becaufc when the Sun rifmg from the Eaft 
 toucheth this line with the Center of his body, then it is 
 noone to thofe over whofe Zenith that Circle paflcth, 
 and midnight to their Antipodes^ or thofe who are iuft 
 under them in the other world. 
 
 The number of Meridians, are iSc. (allowing two to 
 every degree in the iEquinoctiall) which all concenter in 
 either pole, and are the vtmoft bounds of Longitude. 
 
 By 
 
of Cofmography, 61 
 
 By the Meridian, the Longitude of ail placcsis gathered, 
 and what places lye more Eaftcrly or Wcftcrly from 
 
 titluT. 
 
 The Longitude of any place, is that diltanci' you find LongUuac. 
 upon the /Lqrnno(k\%\l, bctweene the Meridian of the 
 place, wliDlc Longitude you deiirc : ami the fiHV Meri- 
 dian which dircdly pallctli over the Canary^ o' n*te 
 Hands: which diftance or fpaccyou mull «c 7 the 
 degrees, pjrpofeiy fet iiptMi the Brazen Circ. if you 
 pleal'e by miles, allowing lixty to every degree. Longi- 
 tude is oncly taken Ealt and Weil. 
 
 Latitude is the diilancc of the Meridian, betwccne Lwitude. 
 the verticall poini (or pole of the Horizon) and the 
 iEquinodtiall, being ever eouall to the height, or elevation 
 d( the pole above the Horizon: or more plaincly, the 
 diftance of any place, either North or South from the 
 yEquinotltiall, which you are to take (upon the standing 
 Globe) by the degrees of the brazen Meridian, that 
 Countrcy or place in the Globe, whofe Latitude you 
 deiiie, being turned diredly under it. 
 
 Tlie Tropicke of Cancer is an imaginary Circle betwixt of the Tro- 
 the yEquiniHaiall and the -dticke Circle: which Circle P"*'"- 
 the Sunne niaketh abou le thirteenth day of lune, 
 declining at his farthelt ' jm the y£quino«ftiall, and 
 comming Northerly to vs-ward : then are our daycs at 
 the longf.-ll, and \ (liorteih Capricorne the like to 
 the Ai ' '^icke C ^ 0, making oi'- Hayes the niortell 
 auoi t the • .velfth of i3ecember. 
 
 The Ardicke Circle (anciently accounted the Horizon The Araicke 
 of Greece) is a fmall circle : the Center whereof is the 
 North-polf of the world, which is invifible; It is ib called 
 from ylraos the Beare, or Charles Waine, the Northerne 
 Starre, being in the tip of the taile <rf" the faid Beare. 
 
 The Aniart'ticke, which is neere to the South pole, and The Ant- 
 anfwering the other under us. araickcirde. 
 
 But I had rather you learn'd thefe principles of the 
 
 fphere 
 
'if 
 
 'II 
 
 p: V ■■■ 
 
 The Sea. 
 
 'it : . 
 
 A Gulfe. 
 
 A Screight. 
 
 A Haven. 
 
 A Lake. 
 
 Of the Earth. 
 A Continent. 
 
 An Hand. 
 
 62 Of Cofmography. 
 
 Iplicre by demonlt ration, and your owne diligence (being 
 the labour but of a few hourcs) than by meere veiball de- 
 fcription, which profiteth not fo much in Ma'^hematicall 
 dcmonitrations. 
 
 We will therefore dcfccnd to Geography, which is more 
 eafic and familiar: (the definition I gave you before.) 
 I come to the fubjedt, the Terreftriall Globe, which is 
 compofed of Sea and Land. 
 
 The Sea is a mighty water, ebbing and flowing con- 
 tinually about the whole Earth, whofe parts are diverflv 
 named according to the places whereupon they bound. 
 In the Ealt it is called the Indian Sea; in the Welt the 
 Atlanthke^ fo named from the Mount Atlas in Mauri- 
 tania ; in the North, tlie Hyperborean ; in the Sout'i, the 
 Meridionally or South Sea, commonly called Mar-del~zur. 
 
 The Mediterranean fea, is that which ftretcheth it felfe 
 by the middcft of the earth from Well to Eaft, dividing 
 Europe^ Ajia and Africa. 
 
 Sinus (ora Gulfe) is a part of the fea, infinuating and 
 cmbofoming it felfe within the land, or betweenc two 
 fcverall lands : as the gulfe of Fenice^ the Perfian gulfe, 
 the F cd Sea, Sinus Mexicanus^ Vermilius, Gangeticus. 
 
 Fretum (or a Strcight) is a narrow paflage between e two 
 lands, as the Strcight of Magellan^ Anian, Gihralterre, ^c. 
 
 An Haven^ is the entrance of the Sea within the land, 
 at the mouth of fome River or Creeke, where Ihippes 
 may ride at Anchor. 
 
 A Laie^ is a great and wide receptacle of water, ever 
 Handing ftil), and not moving out of the place ; as the 
 Lake Afihaltites^ Lacus Laritts, Of Lafft diComon, Laufanna 
 by Geneva^ <&c. 
 
 The earth, is cither Continent or Hand. 
 
 A Continent is the land, continued without any divifion 
 of Sea, as the Low Countries to GermanyyXhsXXo Aujhia^ 
 Aufiria to Hungary ^ &c. 
 
 An //W, called Infrila,quafim 5«/tf,isalandencompa(Ied 
 
 round 
 
of Cojmograpby. 6^ 
 
 round with the Sea, as Great Britaine^ Ireland , Corftca^ 
 Candia^ &c. 
 
 An IJihmus^ or C her f one jus ^ is a Strcight or nccke of An ifthmus. 
 land betweene two Seas, Ctmbrica^ CherfonefuSy Taurica^ 
 Aurea^ and Acka'ica. 
 
 Peninj'ula{^quajipene Infula) is a Land environed with the Peninfula. 
 Sea, except at fome narrow place or entrance; as that 
 vafte Continent of Peru and Brajtle in America^ were an 
 Hand, but for that Streight or Necke of land, betweene 
 Panama and Noptire de dios : which Philip the fccond, 
 King of Spaine^ was once minded to have cut for a fliorter 
 paflTage for fliips into the South Sea, but upon better de- 
 liberation he gave over his projedt. 
 
 A Cape or head of Land, is the utmoft end of a Pro- a Cape, 
 montory, or high Land ; ftanding out into the Sea : as 
 the Cape De Buona Speranza^ Cape Mendozino^ S. Vincent^ 
 Cape Verde^ the great Cape S. Augujline in America^ &c. 
 
 Proceeding now to vnderftand the feverall parts and 
 Regions of the world, with their fcituation (as it is meet, 
 dwelling in an houfe, you (hall know all the roomes 
 thereof) you may if you pleafe, obferve Ptoiomies Method, PtoUmiei 
 beginning rtrft with Earoz-e; and herein withourNortherne iJ"bferJrf." 
 Hands of Great Britatne^ Ireland^ the Orchades^ and Thule^ 
 which are the Contents of his firft Table, and fo forth 
 into Europe : but he was erronious in his defcriptions, 
 obicure by rcafon of his Antiquity, the names of places 
 fince changed j Navigation by the benefit of the Load- 
 ftone, perfe<fted ; the want whereof heretofore hath beene 
 occafion of infinite errors among the ancients, as well 
 Divines as Hiltoriographers and Geographers ; as Lad- 
 antius and S. Augujiine^ could never be perfwaded, 
 that there were Antipodes, or people going feete xhc lUnJiy 
 to feete under us; the contrary whereof experience errors of Hif- 
 hath taught us. Arrianus, that much cfteemed Greeke ^j,""^*"'' „ 
 Author, affirmed the fcituation of Germany to be very of skiiNn^*"' 
 neere to the /«»/ j»f Sea. Jftf/z^tfjifwalfo, another Countrcy- Geography. 
 
 man 
 
what to 
 obfcrve in a 
 Grange 
 Count reyr. 
 
 Of che 
 
 Mariners 
 
 Compafle. 
 
 6^ Of Cojmography, 
 
 man of his, faith that Vtema was a Citie of Galilee. 
 
 Straho faith, that Banuhius liath his head neere to the 
 Adriatique Sea, which indeed (being the greatelt River 
 of Europe) lifeth out of the hill Amoba in Germany, and 
 by Hungar'ia and many other Countries, runneth into 
 Sclavonia, receiving threefcore other Rivers into his 
 Channel] : it is therefore farre more fafe to follow our 
 later Writers. 
 
 In every Countrcy (to give one inftance for all) in 
 your obfcrvation you are to follow this Method ; firlt to 
 know the Latitude, then the Lon 'itudeof the place, the 
 temperature of the Climate, the goodnefle or barrennelle 
 of thcgroundjthelimitsof the Countrcy,how it is bounded 
 by Sea or Land, or both ; by Eaft, Welt, North or South : 
 into what Provinces it is divided within it felfe, the com- 
 modities it afFoordeth, as what Mines, Woods or Forrcfts; 
 what Beafts, Fowles, Fiflies, Fruits, Herbs, Plant: , 
 what Mountaines, Rivers, Fountaines and Cities : 
 what notable matter of wonder or Antiquitie : the 
 manners, fliape, and attire of the people ; their building ; 
 what Ports and Havens ; what Rockes, Sands, and fuch 
 like places of danger, are about the place : and laft of 
 all, the Religion and government of the Inhabitants. 
 
 You fliall have drawnc upon your Globe or Mappe, 
 upon the valtelt Seas (where moll roome is to bee fpared) 
 a round figure, rcprefcnting the Mariners Compafle, 
 with the two and thirtie winds; from every of which 
 there runneth a line to the Land, to fome famous Citie, 
 Haven, or cither' j to fliew you, in that Sea and place 
 what courfe you are to keepe to goe thither, whether 
 full North, North-caft, South, or South-welt, and fo 
 forth. Thefe winds, of the Spaniards are called Romies : 
 and for that Columbus and Vef^utius^ Italians, with others, 
 firlt difcovtred the Eaft and Wtft Indies', the eight 
 principal] winds, are commonly exprcfled in the Italian. 
 
 This 
 
 ' other 
 
Of Cofmography. 6f 
 
 This Compafle hath the Needle in manner of a-Flowre- 
 
 dcluce, which pointcth Itill to the North. 
 
 I could wilh you now and then, to cxerciic your Pen waging ot 
 in Drawing and imitating Cards and Mappes; as alfo M''PP"/»"J 
 your Pencill in walhing and colouring fmall Tables of Srs| very 
 Countries and places, which at your Icafure you may in profitable to a 
 one fortnight eafily learnc to doe : for the practice of the 'wnf- 
 hand doth fpeedily inftrudt the minde, and ftrongiy con- 
 firme the memory beyond any thing elfe ; nor thinke it 
 any difgrace unto you, fincc in other Countries it is the 
 pradice of Princes, as I have fhewed heretofore • alfo 
 many of our young Nobilitie in England exercife the 
 fame with great fclicitie. 
 
 I have feene French Cards to play withall, the foure 
 fuites changed into Maps of feverall Countries, of the 
 foure parts of the world, and exadtly coloured for their 
 numbers, the figures 1. 1. 3.- -9. 10. and fo forth, fet over 
 the heads : for the Kings, Queencs, and Knaves, the 
 Pourtraies of their Kings and Qucenes, in their feverall 
 Countrey habits: for the Knave, their Peafants or Slaves : 
 which ingenious device, cannot be but a great furtherance 
 to a ycMing capacity, and fome comfort to the infortunate 
 Gamefter : when, that he hath loft in Money, hec fliall 
 have dealt him in land or wit. 
 
 FEACIIAM 
 
 F 
 
 Chap. 
 
66 Objcrvatiotis in Survey of the Earth. 
 
 Chap. 8. 
 
 Ciiuntrits had 
 nut chcir 
 icituacions hy 
 chance. 
 
 The wit arid 
 conftitucion of 
 men, accord- 
 ing to the 
 temper of the 
 body. 
 
 Mount ainers 
 more barbar- 
 ous than rhofe 
 of the valHes. 
 
 Obfervatiotis in Survey of the Earth. 
 
 FIrft, how Almighty God by his Divine providence 
 i"o diipofcd tlx- Earth in the rtrll Creation (not 
 falling out by chance, as Ibme have thought) that one 
 Countrty, in one place or other, is fo neerely ioyned to 
 the next ; that if after it might happen to be over-peopled, 
 as well man as bcait, by lome fmall ftrcight or pallage 
 might eafily be provided of a new habitation : which 
 Acofta hath well obfervcd, refolving vs that doubt, how 
 wildc beafts, as Wolucs, Foxes, Bcares, and other harmc- 
 full bealts, fhould Iwim over fo vail Seas, and brcede in 
 Hands. 
 
 Secondly, how the wit, difpofition, yea, dcvtition and 
 ftrength of man, followeth the quality and temperature 
 of the Climate ; and many times the Nature of the foylc 
 where he liues : as we fee the Eaiterne people of the 
 world very quickc ir: their inventions, fuperllitious vnto 
 idolatry, as in China, Ca/ecut, lava, and other places. 
 On the contrary, thofe as farre North in Lap/and^ IJ'eland^ 
 and other places, as dull, and in a manner fencelefle of 
 Religion, whcrcunon they are held the moft notorious 
 Witches of the V/orld. 
 
 We fee thofe that inhabite Mountaines, and mountain- 
 ous places, to be farre more barbarous and uncivill, than 
 thofe that Hue in the plaincs: witncfle the inhabitants 
 of the luigc hik Sierras, and the Andes in America, the 
 mountainous North pait of Nova Francla, the Navarrois 
 in Spaine, and the Highland men in Scot/and. 
 
 We fee and finde it by experience, that where the foile 
 is dry and fandy, the aire is moft pure ; and confequently 
 
 the 
 
Ohjei vations in Survey of the Earth. 67 
 
 the fpirits of the I ihabitants aftive and fubtile, aboue 
 
 thofc who inhabite the Fens and Marillics. 
 
 Tiiirdly, confider the vender of wonders, how tlie of the Occan, 
 Ocean fo farre diftant, hoJdeth motion with the Moonc, 'J'onj'Jr'fuV"'^ 
 filling our fhoare^ to the brim from the time of her n,o"io'ns" 
 appearing above the Horizon, untill fhe hath afcended thcrtof. 
 the Meridian : then decrealing as mu. untill fliee 
 toiicheth the line of midr.ight, making her tide twice in 
 foure and twenty houres and odde minutes : how the 
 Athnitick" or Wdlerne Occan is ju rough and 
 dangerfuU, the South Sea, or Del Zur^ albeit of infinite And fo fwift, 
 vaftnefle, on the contrary fo calme and quiet, that you from 
 Itcme rather to failc upon dry land than Water. !w^Lr**(or 
 
 How in the Sea of Calecut it is high water, but at the i./of s! 
 every full Moone ; in the Sea by the fliorc of Indus^ but t-wraiw) they 
 at every New Moone, how in the mainc Ocean the |!Jfnt°da's 
 current runnes from Eaft to Weft, toward the ftreight blTtTre not"' 
 of Magellan^ but from Weft to Eaft in the Med'tter- able to returne 
 
 Fourthly, how in one place the North-wind, as upon hom Spainc ° 
 the Coait of Scythia, neere the mouth -^f the great River jnto ^wr«Vj 
 Duhia, blowcth' in a manner perpetually, fo that the Weft !" 
 
 0.1 i-L • J .-1 ' out cannot 
 
 or bouth-welt winds arc Icarce knowne. rctumc in 3. 
 
 In another, the Eaftj in the Indian Sea the winds months, 
 keepe their turncs, obfturing the courfc of the Sunne, '^'"i"- 
 which being in Aik- and Lihra^ the Wefternc winds 57- 
 blow perpttusJlv. 
 
 Neither Itlic admi. .ble are the in-land floods, and The ftrange 
 frefli waters for their properties, as JV/Vw, who oncly by 
 his over flowing, maketh ^gypt fertile (wher it never [Xi* 
 raineth.) Euripus an arme ol the Sea by Eubaa ( " lam' 
 of the Sporades in the Mgean Sea) which ebb and 
 flowcth lcv(Mi times in a day. Likewift, much may bee 
 laid of our Lakes and Founiaines in England^ Scotland, 
 and Ireland, of turning Wood into Stone^ Jron, and the 
 like. 
 
 F 2 Fifthly, 
 
<58 
 
 Beafts and 
 Imds ufuhill 
 to nun, live 
 in heards and 
 flock»s. 
 
 Of tlie crea- 
 tures in hoc 
 and cold 
 countries. 
 
 Of Rivers. 
 
 of certaine 
 Hands call 
 lip bv Seas and 
 Rivers. 
 
 Objervatiotis in Survey oft " Earth. 
 
 Fifthly, it is worthy the confideration, how the Divine 
 wifedome for the beiioofe of mankind, hath fet an enmity 
 bctvveene Birds and Bealb, of prey and rapine, who 
 accompany nol by hcards: as Lyons, Bcares, Dogges, 
 Wolves, Foxes, Eagles, Kites, and the like : which if 
 they fliould doc, they would undoe a whole Coiintrey : 
 whereas on the contrary, thofe which are ncceflkry and 
 ufefull for mankind, live gregatim, in hcards and flockes, 
 as Kine, Shcepe, Deere, Pigeons, Patridges, Gecfe, &c. 
 
 Sixthly, how Nature hath provided for the Creatures 
 of the Northcrne parts of the world, as Beares, Dogges, 
 Foxes, &c. not oncly thicke skinnes. but great llore of 
 haire or feathers, to defend them from the extremity of 
 tlie cold there : on the other fide, to thofe in Guiana^ by 
 reafon of the extreame heate, none at a'l : as you may lee 
 by the Guianey Dogges, which are daily brought over. 
 
 Seventhly, how God hath fo difpofed the Rivers, that 
 by their c'rookednefle and winding, they might ferve 
 many places. 
 
 Let us then confider, how the moft fruitfuU places and 
 beautifull Citties, have become the dwellings and homes 
 of the moft flavc'', as Spalne ovcr-runne by the Moores^ 
 Italy by the Gothes and Vandals j and at this day, a great 
 part of Europe by the Turke. 
 
 How the Earth like an aged mother, is become lefTe 
 fruitfull, as wee fee by the IxirrewnclTc of fometimc the 
 moft fertile places, the decay of the ftature and ftrength 
 of men within thefe few yceres. 
 
 It is alfo worthy obiervation, to fee how the earth hath 
 beene increafed by the acccfle of lilands, and againe 
 beene diminiflied by inundation and Gulfes breaking 
 againe into the fame. 
 
 The Hands of the Echinades, were caft up by the River 
 Achelous^ and the greatett part of Mgyft by N<7«if, lb 
 were tlie Rhodes and Delos. Of lelTer Hands beyond 
 Melm^ Anaphe^ betweene Lenmos and the Helleficnt Nm, 
 
 (as 
 
Objervations in Survey of the Earth. 6^ 
 
 (as one would fay new-come^ and elfewherc A/me, 
 Thera, Ther. fta^ and Wtra, which alio from the evert 
 was called Automate. 
 
 And that fundry goodly Countries on the contrary. Many coun- 
 havc btcnc eaten up by the Sea, our neighbour Zeland^ loftV^* 
 and many other place?, will give lamtnlable ItiUmony : inuniation. 
 bcfidcjthc face of the Earth hath, fince the Creation, bet.i 
 much altered by avuliion or ciuifion of the Sea : as Sicily 
 was divided and fevered »"rom Italy ; Cyprtu from Syria^ 
 Euiaa from Boetia: Atlas and Macris from Eutaa 
 Berhyctu from Bythiyia: Leucofta from the Promontory 
 of the Syrenes: and as fomc fuppolc, hesbo. from lda\ 
 Prochyta and Pithecufa from Mifena: and which is more, 
 Spaine from Barhary : as Strabo is of opinion. ''■>'^.<^''- ' • 
 
 Againe, it is affirmed by Volfcw, that our Great Britaine Great Brittaine 
 hath becne one Continent with France, and that Tract {"{^"^^^"^^^ 
 betweenc Dover and Calai.- hath bcenc gayned by the Sea, continent with 
 there called Mare Gejforiacum. Frauce. 
 
 Excellent is that Contemplation, to confider how 
 Nature (raLuer the \lmighty Wifedomc) by an un'earch- 
 able and ilupendious worke, flieweth us in tlie Sea the 
 likenelTe and fliapes, not onely of Land-Creatures, as 
 Elephants, Horfes, Dogges, Hoggcs, Calves, Hares, see rum 
 Snailes, 5cc. but of Fowlcs in the Ayre ; as Hawkes, m^js; << his 
 Swallowes, Vultures, and a number the like j yea, it J^^.'^X 
 aftbrdeth us men and women ; and among men, even the pans of the 
 Monke : nut hereof fee Junius in his Batavia j and, if you world, 
 pleafe, Alex, ab Alexandra, wi.h fome others. nJ^BHuln 
 
 Moreover, what ineltimable wealth it afFoordeth in Htitand, is to 
 Pearles, Corall, Amber, and the like ! ^e (eene» 
 
 By Reading, you fhall alio finde what ftrangc Earth- ^"j^^J" 
 quakes, remooving of whole Townes, Hilles, &c. have hanging up. 
 beene upon the face of the Earth, raifing of it in one 
 place, leaving Gulfes and Vajiitie in another : And Lucius 
 Marcius and Sextus luHus being Confuls in Rome, in the 
 Countrey of Mutinum two Mountaines met, and joyned 
 themfelves together. In 
 
70 Objcrvatioiis in Survey of the harth. 
 
 In the raigiic of Nero, VeHius Marcellus being ovcilccr 
 of Nero's affaires, and Steward of his Couit, Mcdowcs 
 and 0:i\ c trees were rcmooved from a comnmn liigh way 
 fide, and placed a gcx)d way off on the contrary iide : i'o 
 whereas they ftood before on the right hand, as one 
 travelled they were now on the left iund. The like 
 hapncd witl.in theic tew yccres to Fleurs a Townc of 
 the Grifons among the Alpes. 
 
 Lallly, Let us take a view of the Earth it felfe, which 
 bccaufe it was divided with the Sea, Rivers, Marflics, &c. 
 yet making one alifokitc Circle, Homer callcth it aT:ti,)ova: 
 and for this caufe Numa PomplUus dedicated a Temple to 
 Vefia in a round forme : The roundneflc of it is proovcd 
 of Mathematicians by iliadowes of Dials, and the Eclipfes; 
 alfo by dclcent of all heauy things to the Center, it felfc 
 being the Center of the Vniverfe, as Ar'tftotle and Ptolmey 
 affirmc. 
 
 Now in rcfpccl of Heaven, it is lb fmall a point, thaL 
 the leaft Starre is not darkened with the lhadow thereof: 
 for if the fmalli il Starre, albeit in judgement of our fence, 
 fecmeth but a pricke or point, yet farrc cxccedeth the 
 body of the Earth in greatncfle, it followeth in refpeft of 
 Heaven, that the Earth muft feeme as little. 
 
 Befide, if the Earth were of any quantity in refpedl: of 
 the higher Orbes, the Starres fliould feeme bigger or kflc 
 in regard of thofe Hypfomata (Altitudes) or the Ciimcs : 
 but it is certaine that at the felfe fame time, fundry 
 Aftronomcrs find the fame bignclTc and elevation of the 
 felfe fame Starre obferved by their calculation, to differ 
 no whit at all : whereby we may fee if that diitance of 
 place which is on the Earth (in refpcd of the heavenly 
 Orbes) exceedetu all fence, it follcv.cs that the Earth 
 (poore little point as it is) feemes the like, if it be com- 
 pared with Heaven : yet this is that point, which with 
 tire and fword, is divided among fo many Nations, the 
 matter of our glory, our feate : here we have our Honours, 
 
 our 
 
objervatioiis in Survey of the I'.a rth. 7 1 
 
 our Armies, our commands; heere wc hcapc up richts, 
 at pcrpctuall warrc and Ihifc amon<^ our iciues, who 
 (like the Toad) fhall fall a deep with molt earth in his 
 pawes : never thinking how of a moment of time well 
 ipcnt upon this poorc plot or dung-hill common to hcafb 
 as well as our Iclucs, dcpendeth Eternity, and fruition of Auguftme. 
 our trae happincfle in the prefcnce of Heaven, and Court 
 of the King of Kings for ever and ever. 
 
 Now I mult take leave of our common Mother the 
 Earth, fc worthily called in rcfpcdt of her great merits, 
 of vs: for flic receiveth us being lorn;-, dice fccdcs and 
 c'oathcth vs brought forth, and lallly as forfaken wholly 
 of Nature, flice receiveth us into her lap, and covers us 
 untill the difTolution of all, and the laft iudgement. 
 
 Thus have I oncly pointed at the principles of Cof- 
 mographic, having as it were given you a taftc, and 
 Hopped up the veflell againe, referring the reft to your 
 o-.vne diligence and fearch. And herein you ihall nave 
 you • hclpes, M. BlundevUe in his treatifc of Cofmogtaphic Jif. it- 
 and the Sphaere, D. Dee^ M. Cooke in his principles of 'f^^^^fJ^J''' 
 Geometric, Aftronomie and Geographic : Gemma Frijius, Anfterdam', 
 Orte/tus, Cofernicus, C/avius the lefuite, loannes de Monte and turned 
 Regio^ Mercator, Munfler^ Hunter and many others : of 
 ancient writers Ftolomey^ Diemjius Halitamaffeus. For n^^ghtdevfu 
 Mappcs I referre you wholly vnto Ortelius and thofe fet t^pher; 
 laft forth by Houdius being later then P/attciut, and more 
 perfciS by rcafon of the late difcovcry, made by Schouten^ 
 vnto the s"? and 58 degrees of Southerly latitude beyond 
 the Itrcight of Magellan ; and of late M. Henry Hudfon, 
 to the 61. or 6z. to the North-weft, beyond Terra de 
 Labrador : to omit that terrible voyage of Barentfon and 
 his company, for the difcovcry of the North-eaft Pafl'agc, 
 by the backe-fide of Nova Zemla^ which out of a Dutch 
 tranilation you may reade in Englilh. 
 
 Chap. 
 
Ti Oj Geometrie. 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 Wifedome 
 chap. II. 
 
 Of Geometrie. 
 
 Since P/ato would not fuffer any to enter his Schoolc 
 which was ayfuiixhpriTOi, or not cntrcd into Geo- 
 metric; and Xenocrates turned away his auditors, if 
 vnfumifhed with Geometrie, Muficke and Aftronomic, 
 Laenius lib. 4- affirming they were the hclpes of Philofophic; I am alfo 
 bound by the Love I beare to the belt arts and your 
 ihidies, to give it you alfo in charge. Philo the lew 
 callcth it the Princcire and mother of all Sciences, and 
 excellently v/as it laid of Plato, that God did alwaics 
 yeo/x<Tp<ii' ; but more divinely of Salomon: That God did 
 difpofc all his creatures according to meafure, number 
 and weight J that is, by giving the Heavens their conllant 
 and perpetual] motion; the elements their places and 
 predominance according to lightneHe or gravity, and 
 every creature its number and weight, without which, it 
 were neither able to ftand upright or moove. To the 
 confid "ation of which depth of wifedome let us ufe the 
 helpc this moft ingenious and ufefull Art, vjorthy the 
 contemplation and praB'ice of the greatejl Princes^ a Science 
 of fuch importance, that without it, we can hardly cate 
 our bread, lye drle in our beds, buy, fell, or ufe any 
 commerce elfe whatfoevcr. 
 
 The fubjedt of Geometrie is the length, breadth, and 
 height of all things, comprifed under the figures of 
 Triangles, Squares, Circles, and Magnitudes of all forts 
 with their termes or bounds. 
 
 It hath properly the name from mcafuring the earth, 
 being firll found out in j^lgypt; for when Nilus with his 
 over-flowing drowned and confounded the limits of 
 their fields, certaine the inhabitants more ingenious 
 
 than 
 
 Petrsrch. tie 
 ngrt Hi, n>. 
 1+. 
 
 Proi III in E-Mtid, 
 lit, z. c, 14.. 
 
of Gconictrie. 73 
 
 than the rcll, ncalhty compelling, t'ouiul oui the rulis of 
 Geometry, by the iKiieftt whereof, after the fall of the 
 water, every man had his ownc portion of ground lotted 
 and laid out to him: fo that from a few poore and wcake 
 principles at the hrit, it grew to that height that fiom hUniam,, 
 earth it reached vp to the Heavens, where it found out '-T'*'' '" 
 their Quantities, as alfo of the Elements and the whole Jij,*'".' "+^"'' 
 world befidc. 
 
 Out of itigypt, Thalet brouglit it into Greece, where 
 it received that perfcdion we fee it now hath. 
 
 For by meanes hereof arc found out the formes and 
 draughts of all iigures, greatnelfe of all bodies, all 
 manner of meafures and weights, the cunning working 
 of all toolcsj with all artiliciall inilruments whatfoever. 
 
 All Engines of warre, for many whereof (In-ing anti- 
 quated) we have no proper names ; as Exoik rs, Sam- 
 bukes, Catapultes, Telludo's, Sc jrpions, &c. Petardes, 
 Grenades, grtat Ordnance of all loits. 
 
 By the benefit likcwife of Geometry, we have our Sec tlu- iiim 
 goodly Shippcs, Galleies, Bridges, Milles, Charriots and ^^,'''"^.'';'^"'][; 
 Coaches (which were invented in Hungary aiid there had "he Mmc! 
 called Cotzki) fomc with two wheelcs, f<Mne with more, 
 PuUeies and Cranes of all forts. 
 
 Shee alfo with her ingenious hand reares all curious 
 roofes and Arches, ftately Theaters, the Coiumnes fimpic 
 and compounded, pendant Galleries, ftately Windowes, 
 Turrets, &c; and firft brought to light our clockes and 
 curious watches (vnknowne vnto the ancients) : lalHy 
 our kitchin lackes, even the wheele-barrow. Belidc what- 
 foever hath artificiall motion either by Ayre, water, 
 winde, finewes or chords, as all manner of Muficall in- 
 llruments, water workes and the like. 
 
 Yea, moreover fuch is the infinite fubti-'*y, and im- 
 menfe depth of this admirable Art, that it dares contend 
 even with natures i'elte, in infuling life as it were, into 
 the fencelefle bodies of wood, ftone, or mettall : witnefle 
 
 the 
 
A. Griliuil.io. 
 cap. II. 
 
 Scali);rr£xrmV, 
 Cardanum. 
 
 Horat. lib. i. 
 Carm. ode 18. 
 
 Bartas Ic 6, 
 iour du I. 
 Semain. 
 
 rlin. I. 7. c, II 
 & lib. 5<>. e. f . 
 
 74 Of Geometry. 
 
 the uixxlt ii dove t)K Arch)t,ts^ lb famoukd not oiuly by 
 yl, GeUius^ but many other authors l)cyoiid cxctption, 
 which by rcafon of weights equally pcizcd witliin the 
 body, and a ccrtainc proportion of ayrc (as tlie Spirit of 
 life cncloled) flcw checrcfully forth as if it had bccne 
 a iiving Dove. 
 
 Albeit lul. Cdif. Scal'igtr accountcth this Dnve no great 
 peece of worktnunlliip, when lie iaitii, liee is a[)le to 
 make of his owne invention with no great labour, a Ship 
 which (lull fwimmc, and fteere it felfe, and by the fame 
 reai'on that Arch'tas his Dove was made; that is, by 
 taking the pith of rullies covered over with bladders, or 
 thofe tiiinne skinner, wherein gold beaters beate their 
 leaves, and wrapped aliout with little l^^in[^s of lincwes, 
 where when a Semicircle ihall fet one wht ele on going; 
 it nioovinjj; others, the wings fliall iHrre and moovc for- 
 ward. This Architas was a moll skillfull Mathematician, 
 as it may be gathered out of Horace, who calleth him 
 Mtnforemy a Mcafurer. 
 
 Et maris & terne, numtroqi earentis arente. 
 Of Sea and Land, and number-wanting fand. 
 
 And not inferiour to the afbrefaid Dove of Arehytas 
 
 was that wooden Eagle, which mounted up into the 
 ay re, and flew before the Empcrour to the gates of 
 Norimherg: (rf which, as alio of that yron fl) c, that flew 
 abi>iit a table, Salufi Lord of Bartas makevh mcition. 
 Ramus attributeth the invention of cither of thei*., 11 the 
 preface of his i. booke, by his Mathematical! obfc-vations, 
 to Joannes Regiomontanus. 
 
 CaUicrates^ if we may credit P//>/v, made Antes and 
 otlier fuch like fniall creatures of Ivory, that I'icir parts 
 and loynts of their Icgges could not be diicerned. 
 
 Myrmecldes Milefius alfo among other monuments of 
 his skill, made a Coach or Waggon with fbure whecles, 
 
 which 
 
Of Geometry. 7f 
 
 winch together with the driver thereof, a Fly could calily 
 
 hide and cover with her wings: Hclidcs a Ship vith 
 
 her I'ailcs, which a iittlc Bcc could overiprcad. l^'arro VAmdeii<n 
 
 tcachcth how fmall pecccs of this nature and rubtilcll i^>>i.i't.6. 
 
 woi kiiiuilhip, may be iliicerned, tliat is, l.iil'i l e, by 
 
 laying cluie about them blackc Hori'c haircs. Oi latter 
 
 times, Hadrian luntut tcls us that he Caw with great dc- Mm lib. 
 
 li^ht and admiration, at Mechlin in lirahant^ a Cherry «»•"»*'• f^^- 
 
 Itonc cut in the forme ot' a basket, wherem were Hftcenc 
 
 paire of Dice diftinit, each with their fpots and number 
 
 very eaCiIy of a good eye to Ik' difcerned. 
 
 And that the llias of Homer written, was encloied riin. iii. 
 within a nut, C/V(?ro ttls us he faw it with his eyes, though 
 Alexander thougiit it v.orthy oF a tarre better cafe, the 
 rich Cabinet of Darius. By the Itatue of Homer the 
 ancients ufually fet a nightingale (as by Orpkeia a Swannc) 
 for the manifold variety and fwcttnelle of his voyce, or 
 the continuance or holding out to the iail the fame 
 fwcetnelTe : for fome are of opinion, that the perfedlion of 
 Muficall founds are to be difcerned in the Nightingales 
 notes. Pliny reckoneth up fixtcene feverall tunes fhee r% ub. lo. 
 hath, and Httcth them to ' atine words very properly as "f- 
 unto Ditties, which the trar ' itor of Pliny hath nothing 
 neere fo well fitted in the Luglifli which might furely 
 have becnc as well done, as 1 have obfcrvcd in their notes. 
 But to returne, Scaliger (whether in jcft or earnctl I know txtrcnat. ji6 
 not) tels Cardanus of a ilea he faw with a long chaine of 
 gold about his ncckc, kept very daintily in a boxe, and 
 being taken forth, could skip with his chaine, and fome- 
 timefuckchismiftrelleswhitchand,and his belly being full, 
 get him to his lodging againe, but this fame ftaTaioTfxvLav 
 Alexander wittily fcoffed, when he gave a fellow oncly a 
 bufliell of peafe, for his paines of throwing every time a 
 peafe upon a needles point ftanding a pretty way offi 
 
 Archimedes to the wonder of all the world, framed 
 a brafen hertven, wherein were the feven Planets 
 
 with 
 
■J 6 Of Geometry. 
 
 with their motions. Hereof Ciaudiau wrote a witty 
 Epigram. 
 
 Sapor King of Perfa (as Du Bartas in the fixt day of 
 liis divine weeke mentioneth) had an heaven of glalle, 
 which, proudly fitting in his tftate, he trod upon with his 
 fcctc, contemplating over the fame, as if he had beenc 
 lupiter^ and upon this occaiion calling himfelfc brother 
 to the Sunne and Moone, and partner with the Starres j 
 for in his letter to the Emperour Conjlant'tus he beginneth 
 
 (tl. fiKiif^in. thus : Rfx regum Sapor : particeps Syderum^ jrater So/if & 
 
 lib. 8. cap. 3. Lun^, &c. 
 
 P. jnim & Nor muft I forget that heaven of lilver fcnt by Ferdi- 
 .<abMUu4 in Sup- „and the Emperour, to Solyman the great Turkc, wherein 
 pumcn,. Hift. jj^g motions kept their true courfcs with thofc of the 
 This Hcjvcn heavens, the ftarres arifing and fitting, the Planets keep- 
 was tarriid by jng their oblique motion, the Sunne Eclipfed at his juft 
 twclue men be- j^d thc Moone duely changing every Moneth with 
 
 tort Solyman. , ' , , ^■. . 1 ? , , /t- 1 r ■ 
 
 and taken to the lame m the heaven. By thelc fee thc effects ot this 
 pecces and fet divine knowledge, able to workc wonders beyond all bc- 
 "iw'maktT''^ leefe, in fo much as Archimedes affirmed, he ivould 7nove 
 Tlutard,. m (he luho/e Earth, might a place bee given him "ojhereon to 
 hfaneUo. Jfafid. But 1 rathcr beleeve him, wlio faith, The foundation 
 'f^^f-eofJhall never bee mooved. Much was it, that with 
 ^'vrJ'^" '^^^ ^^^^ hind oncly, he could by his skill draw after him 
 ' thc weight of five thoufand I ufliels of graine, and dcvife 
 
 (at the coft of Hiero) thofe rare engines, which fliot fmall 
 fl-ones at hand, but great ones a farre off ; by benefit of 
 which devife onely, while thc ftoncs fell as thickc as hailc 
 from heaven among the enemies, Syracufa was prefervcd 
 from the fury of ManeUus ready to enter with a rcfolute 
 and moll powerfull Army. The Oracle of ApoUo being 
 demanded when thc warrc and mifery of Greece fliould 
 have an end, replyed : If they would double the Altar 
 in Delos, which was cubiquc-formc ; which tbcy trycd 
 by adding another cube unto it, but that availed nothing : 
 flato then taking upon him to expound this liddlc, 
 
 affirmed. 
 
of Geometry. 77 
 
 athrmcd, the Grcckcs were reproved by Apollo bccaufc 
 they were ignorant of Geometry, nor herein can 1 blame 
 them, fincc the doubling of the Cube in Solides, and 
 Quadrature of the Circle in plaine, hath ever fince fo 
 troubled our greatelt Geometricians, that I fearc except 
 Apollo himfclfc afcend from Hell to rcfolve his owne 
 Probleme, vi'e fliall not fee it among our ordinary Stone- 
 cutters effldcd. 
 
 But in briefe the ufe you lhall have of Geometry, will 
 be in furuaying your lands, affoording your opinion in 
 building anew, or trandating ; making your milles afwell 
 for grinding of corne as throwing foorth water from your 
 lower grounds, bringing water farre off" for fundry ufes; 
 Seeing the meafure of Timber, ftone md the like 
 (wherein Gentlemen many times are egregioully abufed 
 and cheated by fuch as they truft) to contrive much 
 vith fmall charge and in lefle roome. Againc, Ihould 
 you follow the warres (as who knowes the bent of his 
 Fate ?) yo'! cannot without Geometry fortifie your felfe, 
 take the advantage of hill or levell, fight, order your 
 BattaUia in fquare, triangle, erode, (which forme the 
 Prince of Orange hath now late taken up), crefccnt-wiie, 
 (and many other formes lovius flieweth) : levell, and plant 
 your Ordnance, vndermine, raife your halfe Moones, 
 Bulwarkcs, Cafamates, Rampires, Ravelins, with many 
 other meanes as of offence and defence, by fortification. 
 So that I cannot fee tow a Gentleman, efpccially a 
 Souldicr and Commander may be accompliflied without 
 Geometric, though not to the heighth of perfedlion, yet 
 at the leaft to be grounded and furniflied with the prin- 
 ciples and priuy rules hcereof. The Authors I would 
 commend vnto you for entrance hercinto are in Engliih. 
 Cookes Principles, and the Elements of Geometry written 
 in Latin by P. Rawus, and tranflatcd by M. Dodtour 
 HW, lomctime Matliematicall Le(fturer in London. 
 M. B/unJevi/e, EuclUe tranflated into EngUni. In Latine 
 
 you 
 
78 Of Poetry. 
 
 you may invc the learned Iciuitc Clavhis, MclavEihmi^ 
 Frifitis^ ra/tarius his Geometry Military. ^//>er( Durer 
 hath excellently written hereof in liigh Dutch, and in 
 French, Forcadell upon Euclide, with fundry others. 
 
 Chap. X. 
 Of Poetry. 
 
 TO fwceten your fcvcrcr ihidics, by this time vouch- 
 fafe Poetry your rci'pccl; which howfoever cenfured 
 and feemini^ falnc from the iiighcft Stage of Honour, to 
 the lowest itaire of difgrace, let not your judgement \v 
 infeded with that peftilent ayre of the common breath, 
 to be an infidell • in whofe belcefe, and doer of their 
 contrary Adlions, is to be religious in the right, and to 
 merit if it were poffible by good works. 
 
 The Poet, as that Laurell Maia dreamed of, is made 
 by miracle from his mothers wombc, and like the 
 Diamond onely poliilicd and pointed of himfelfe, dif- 
 daining the file and midwifery of forraine helpe. 
 
 Hence Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a 
 few verfes,and thofe poore ones too: and Ovid, fo backc- 
 wir.l in profe, that he could almoit fpeake nothing but 
 vci <e. And experience daily affbordeth us many excellent 
 yong and growing wits, as well from the Plow as I'allace, 
 endui.-d naturally with this Divine and heavenly gift, yet 
 not knowing 'i* you Ihould aske the queftion) whether 
 a Metaphor( b<: neih or fiih. 
 
 If bare fi ving Poetry is an heavenly gift, be too weakc 
 ■X proppc t. {.plA ' J her credite with thofe buzzardly poore 
 <mKS, u.'/-^ h:r,higtkcir feathers 7noulted can creepe vo farther 
 TUio mihxdro. than their oiune'^puddle^ able onely to envie this Imperiall 
 Eagle for fight and flight j letthem if they can looke backe 
 
 to 
 
Of Poetry. 79 
 
 to all antiquitic, and they flial! finde all learning by Kaxfi ical Btia 
 divine inllindt to breathe from her bofome, as both P/ato ^p^f^.'Jl 
 and TuUy in his Tufcu/anes affirme. '' 
 
 Strata faith, Poetry wasthefirftPhilofophy that ever was 
 taught, nor were there ever any writers tliercof knownc 
 before Muf eus, Hejiod^ and Homer : by whofe uthority Plato^ 
 Artfiotleand Galen^ determine their weightieft controver- 
 fies, and confirme their reafons in Philolophy. And what 
 were the fongs of Orpheus^ Aviphyon^ Olympus^ anci 
 
 that ditty lopas fang to his harpe at Dido's [)anc]uet, but 
 Naturall and Morall l^hilofophy, fwcctned with the 
 pleafance of Numbers, that RudenciTe and Harbarifme 
 might the better taftc and digelt the leflbns of civility ? 
 according to Lucretius (Italianized by Ariofio) and cn- 
 gliflied by Sir lohn Harringtoji, 
 
 Sed veluti pueris ahfynth'ta tetra medentes 
 Cum dare conantur^ prim or as pocula drcum 
 
 Cotittngu7it mellis dulci JI az-otjue liquor e^ 
 f y puerorum atas improvida ludificetury O'c. 
 
 As Leaches when for children thty appoint 
 Their bitter wormc-wood potions, firlt the cup 
 About the brimme witi> V my fweet they noint. 
 That fo the child, bcguild, may drinke it up, &c. 
 
 Neither hath humane knowledge beene theonelyfubjedt 
 of this Divine Art, but even the higheft Myfteries of 
 Divinity. What are the I^falmcs of David (which S. Hillary m. in T,^loge 
 fo aptly coinparetii to a bunch of keyes, in regard of the H<^im. 
 feverall doores, whereby thty give the foule entrance, 
 either to Prayer, Rejoycing, l^cpcntince, Thanki'giving, 
 &c.) but a Divine Poeme, going iometime in one meafure 
 fometime in .motiier ? What lively defcriptions are there 
 of the Majelly of God, the eftate and fccurity of Gods pfaim. lo. 
 children, the mifcrable condition of the wicked ? What Pfaim. so* 
 
 lively 
 
8o OfPoetty, 
 
 piaim. I. lively fimilitudes and comparifons, as the righteous man 
 Pfalm. 104. to a bay tree, the Soulc to a thiri^y Hart, vnity to 
 oyntment and the dew of Herman} What excellent 
 Allegories, as the %'ine ^ilanted in ^gypt ; what Ep'ipho- 
 jiema s y profopopoea' s and whatibc- c r elfe may be required 
 to the texture of fo rich and glorious a peter? 
 
 And the fong of Salotno?/ (which is onely left us of a 
 thoufand) is it not a continued Allegory of the Myfticall 
 love betwixt Ckrift and WxsChurch} Moreover the Apoftles 
 themfelves have not difdained to alledge the authority of 
 the heathen Poets, Aratiu, Menander, and Epimenides ; as 
 alfo the fathers of the Church, Nazianzevj S. AuguHine^ 
 Bernard^ Prudentius, with many Other, bef • the allowance 
 they have given of Poetry, they teach us the true ufe and 
 end thereof, which is to compaffe the Songs of Sion^ and 
 addrefll- the fruit of our invention to his glory who is 
 the author of fo goodly a gift, which we abufe to our 
 loves, light fancies, and bafeft afiFedtions. 
 
 And if Mechanicall Arts hold their eftimation by their 
 effects in bafe fubiedts,how much more deferveth this to 
 be cftcemcd, that holdeth fo foveraignc a power over the 
 mindc, can turnc brutiflineiTc intoCivility, make the lewd 
 honelt (which is Scaligers opinion of Vir^ls Poemc) turne 
 hatred to love, cowardife into valour, and in briefc, like 
 a Qucene command over all affedtions. 
 
 Moreover the Mufe^ Mirth^ Graces^ and perfedt 
 Healthy have ever an anfinity each with cither. I remem- 
 ber Plutarch tellcth us of TelefiUa^ a noble and brave Lady, 
 who being dangcroufly fickc, and imagined paft recovery, 
 was by the Oracle, ailviicd to apply her minde to the 
 Mufe and poetry : which fhe diligently obfcrving re- 
 covered in a fhort fpacc, and withall grew fo fprightly 
 couragious, that having well fortified Argos with divers 
 companies of women only, herfelfc with her companions 
 rallying out, entertained Cleomenes K.of the Lacedtemonians 
 with fuch a Camifado, that he was faineto fliew his back, 
 
 leaving 
 
Of Poetry. 8i 
 
 leaving a good part of his people behind, to fill ditches ; 
 
 and then by phinc force of Armcs drave out Demaratus 
 another king, who lay very ftrong in garrifon v/ithin, 
 
 Alexander by the reading of Homer^ was efpecially 
 mooved to goe thorow with his conquefts. 
 
 Leonidas alio, that brave King of the Spartanes^ being 
 asked how Tirtteus (who wrote of warre in vcrfc) was 
 crteemed among Poets, replyed j Excellently : for my foul- 
 dicrs,quoth he, mooved oncly with his verfes,runne with a 
 refolute courage to the batttll, fearing no perill at all. 
 
 What other thing gave an edge to the valour of our 
 ancient Britons, but their Bardes (remcmbred by Athe- 
 7ta:us^ Luca7i and fundry other), recording in vcrfe the 
 brave exploits of their nation, and finging the fame unto 
 their Harps at their jHiblike feafts and meetings? amongft 
 whom Ta/teJJin a learned Bard, and Mafter to Merlin^ 
 fung the life and adts of King Arthur. 
 
 Hence hath Poetry never wanted her Patrones, and 
 even the grcateft Monarches and Princes, aswell Chriftian 
 as Heathen, have exercifed their Invention herein : as 
 that great Glory of Chriftendome Charlemame^ who among 
 many other things, wrote his Nephew J^W^jW^ Epitaphe, 
 after he was (laine in a battell againii the Sarracevs^zman^ 
 the * Tyrenaan hilles : AlphoTifus king of Naples, whofe 
 oncly delight was the reading of Virpl: Robert King of 
 Sicilie and mat thrice renowned and learned French 
 King, who finding Petrarchs Toombe without any in- 
 fcription or Epitaphe, wrote one himfelfe, (which yet 
 remaincth) iaymg j Shame it -was, that he mho fuvg his 
 Mifirejfe pra'tfe feuen yeeres before her deatk^ ' avd tuehe 
 yeeres ^Jljould luaxt an Epitaphe. Among the Heathen are 
 eternized for their skill in Poefie, Augufius Cafar, 0£iav:us, 
 Adrian, Germanicus. 
 
 Every child knoweth how dtare the workes of Hcmer 
 were unto Alexander, Euripides to Amyntas King of Ma^ 
 
 ('"' twelve yrtret {after his own) 
 
 G cedon. 
 
 * The place to 
 
 this day is 
 called KcwUndi 
 vallie, and was 
 in times paft a 
 great pilgrim- 
 age, tncrc 
 being a 
 Chappell built 
 over the tombi', 
 and dedicated 
 to our Lady, 
 called cnni- 
 nion'v but 
 cornij tly our 
 Lady of T^pirr- 
 
 ra>:ormitan. Hi, 
 I. degeftu 
 
82 Of Poetry. 
 
 ceJoVj Ftrfr'tl to Auguflus^ Theocritus to Ptolomey and 
 Berenice^ King and Qu> enc of Mgypt : the Itately Ptndar 
 to Hiero King of Sici/ie, Ennius to Scipio, Aufon'tus to 
 Gratiaft^ (u 'lo made him ProconluU :) in ourowneCoun- 
 
 • who gave trcy," Chauur to Richard the fccond, Goiuer to Hf»r^ the 
 
 him, it is fourth, with others I might alledge. 
 
 thought, his Lady ^Tzwf of Brctairne. who was tw ice f>Lnch 
 
 Mannor of , i ° r? ,- • ..^i , ^ 
 
 £i»/Ww?in Quecne, paMing thorow the Prelence in tlic Court of 
 
 Oxfordshire. Trance^ cfpying chartttr the Kings Secretary, and a 
 To a.i'/f/ tin- fin^oy^ Poet, leaning upon his elbow at a Tal'Ics end 
 
 the twelfth. ^a^t allecpe, Ihee Itooping downe, and openly kilnng him, 
 faid ; We muft honour 'with our k'tffe^ the mouth from luhence 
 fo many f vjeete verfes ajid golden Poems have proceeded. 
 
 But fomc may aske mee. How it falleth out, that Poets 
 now adaies are of no fuch efteeme, as they have beene 
 in former times ? lanfw cr; bccaufc vcrtue in our de- 
 clining and worfer dales, generally hndcth no regard : 
 Or rather more truely with Aret'me (being demanded 
 wliy Princes were not fo liberall to Pocfie, and other 
 good y\rts, as in former times), Becaufe the conj'cience 
 telieth them^ houj mivjorthy they are of their fraifes giuen 
 them by Poets ; as for other Arts^ they make no account of 
 that they knouj not. 
 
 But lince wc are heere (liaving before over runne the 
 Champaigne and large field of Hiltory) let us a wliile 
 reft our felves in the garden of the Muics, and admire 
 the bountie of iicaven, in thefeverall beau^^ies of fo many 
 divine and fertile wits. 
 
 We muft begin with the K'- - of Lt.:-^ 'oets, whom 
 Nature hath reared beyont .atatio'. wbo above 
 
 all other onely, deferveth the name o. oet; I mtane 
 Virpl. In him you fliall at once finde (not elfe-where) 
 tliat Prudence.^ Efficacie^ Varictie^ and Siueetneffe^ which 
 Scaliger rcquircth in a Poet, a ''d maktth his prime 
 
 Prudence. vftuts. V'ndcr i wee is comprehended out ofgenerall 
 learning and judgement, that difcreet, apt futing and dif- 
 
 pofing. 
 
Of Poetry. 83 
 
 poiing, as well of Adions as Words in their due place, 
 
 time and manner- which in Virgill is not obfcrved by 
 one among twenty of our ordinary Grammarians, Who 
 (to ufe the words of the Prince of learning hereupon) 
 onely in J/.ktIIo vj a?jd J'mall BoateSy gliiie over the face of the Jn Ttttu: lit. ^ ■ 
 Firfflian Sea. How divinely, according to the P/atonicies, 
 doth he dil courfc of the Soule ? how properly of the Na- 
 ture, number of winds, feafons of the yearc, qualities of 
 Bvalts, Nature of Hcaibs ? What in-fight into ancient 
 Chronology and Hiftory ? In briefe, what not worthy the 
 knowledge of a divine wit ? To make bis ^.neas a man 
 of extraordinary al'pedi^ and comlinefle of pcrfonage, he 
 makes I'vnus both his mother and Lady of his Horofcope, 
 And forafmuch as griefc and perpetuall care, are infepara- 
 ble companions of all great and noble atchievements, he 
 gives him Achates quafi axos ar?/?, his faithfull companion ? 
 What immooved conrtancy, when no teares or entreaty 
 of Eliza could caufe him ftay ? What P/V/y, P'"'//, for- 
 titude.^ beyond his companions ? See how the Divine Pott 
 gave him leave to be wounded, left his valour in fo many 
 skirmiflics might bee qucftioned, and that a farre off", not 
 at hand, tlut rather it might bee imputed to his Fortune, 
 than his ralhntfle or wcakeneflcj then by one who could 
 not be knowne, to give the enemy occafion rather of 
 fearc, than of challenging the glory. And whereas he 
 bringcth in Camilla^ a couragious Lady, and invincible 
 at the S'A'ords point in encountring other j yet he never 
 bringeth her to try her valour with jEneas. Againe, that v^nnd. u. 
 Tarchon and fhe might Ihew their brave deeds he makes 
 /Efieas abl'ent : as alfo when Turnus fo refolutcly brake 
 into his Tents. Laftly, what excellent iudgment llieweth 
 he in appropriating the accidents and Hiftories of his 
 1 owne t.mts, to thofe of the ancient, as where he bring- 
 
 S etii in Ve7iulus plucked by Ibrce from his Horfe, and 
 
 1 carrycd away with full fpeed ? The like Cafar confcfleth 
 
 * to have happened to himfelfe. Mntas with his right 
 
 G X arme 
 
84 Of Poetry. 
 
 arme naked, commands his fouldicrs ' ■> abftaine from 
 
 flaughtcr. The like did Cafar at the Dattaile Phar- 
 
 p*mt,rivih,s. fa/ie, and with tlic fame words. But thus much out of 
 the heapc and molt iudicious obfervations of the moft 
 learned Sca/iger. 
 
 Ejficade is a power of fpcech, which reprefcnteth a 
 thing after an excellent manner, neither by bare words 
 onely, but by prcfenting to our minds the lively Uvea's or 
 formes of things fo trucly, as if we faw them with our 
 eyes ; as the places in Hell, the fiery Arrow of Acefia^ the 
 defcription of Fame^ the flame about the Temples of 
 Afcanius: but of aftions more open, and with greater 
 
 ^„e!J 4 Spirit, as in that pallagc and paOion of Dido, preparing 
 to kill her felfe. 
 
 At trepiJa & cteptit imnaiiibia effera Dido, 
 
 Sangulfieam volvens aciem^ maculifque trementes 
 Interfuja gen as ^ C pallida morte futurd^ 
 Interior a domus irrumpit limina^ & altos 
 Covfcendit furihuvda rogps^ tnftnujut recludit 
 Dardauiumy &c. 
 
 Which for my Englifli Readers fake, I have after my 
 manner tranflated, though alTured all the tranflations in 
 the world muft come fliortof the fweetnefle and Majefty 
 of the Latine. 
 
 But fl)e amaz'd and fierce by crue" plot?, 
 Rouling about her bloody eye, her checkes 
 All-trembling and arifing, full of fpots, 
 And pale with death at hand, perforce flie breakes 
 
 Into the in-moft roomes. 
 
 Enraged then Hie climbes the lofty pile, 
 And out of flieath the Dardane fword doth draw : 
 Ne're for luch end ordained ; when a while 
 The Troitn garments, and knowne couch flie faw. 
 
 With 
 
Of Poetry. 8f 
 
 With trickling tcares her felfc ther»;on flic caft, 
 And having paus'd a little, fpakc her lalh 
 Sweete fpoiles, while Fates and Heavens did pctmit, 
 Receive this foule, and rid me of mv cares ; 
 What race my Fortune gave I finifli d, &c 
 
 Moreover, that lively combatc bctwcenc Nifus and 
 Vo!fcens^ witli many other of moft excellent life. 
 
 A fwcet vcri'c is that, which like a difli with a delicate Sweantfle. 
 Sauce, invites the Reader to taftc even againft his will; 
 the contrary is harihnclTc : hereof I give you an example 
 in the defcription of young Vallas (whom imagine you 
 fee laid forth newly flaine upon a Biere of Crabtree, and 
 Okcn rods, covered with Straw, and arched over with 
 grcene boughes) than which no Nedlar can be mwe de- 
 licious. 
 
 flualtm vtrg/f/eo demejfum poUice Jlorem^ 
 
 Seu mollis violie^feu languentis Hyacinth} ^ ^lnuid. it. 
 
 Cui nec fulgor adhuc^ nec dum jua forma recejjit^ 
 Nmjam mater a/it tellut virefque minifiratj 
 
 Even as the Flower by Maidens finger mownc, 
 Of th' drooping Hy'cinth, or foft Violet, 
 Whofe beautie's fading, yet not fully gone ; 
 Now mother Earth no more doth nourifh it, &c. 
 
 The like of fairc Eurialus breathing liis laft. 
 Furpureus veluti cum flos fuccifus aratro^ 
 
 Languefcit moriens^ lajfove papauera coUo ^muii. 9. 
 
 Demifere caput ^ pluvid cum forte gravantur. 
 
 Lookc how the purple Flower, which the Plow 
 Hath Ihorne in funder, languilhing doth die ; 
 Or Poppies downe their weary nedcs doe bow, 
 And hang the head, with raine when laden lie, &c. 
 
 This 
 
Kos i \nv Kni \n- 
 piv its TU Ttf>- 
 vttv (cai fi^tiv 
 uiamp ay$oi. 
 
 (Varictic.) 
 
 ViJtSia/. hb. 3, 
 
 %6 Of I' Oct ry. 
 
 This kinilc P/ut,inh tcarriicth F/ouery, us liaving in it 
 a bcaiilic- and iWcctc grace to delight, as a Flower. 
 
 r.irictie^ is various, and tlu- rules of it lo ditficult, tl.at 
 to dttine or defcnbe it, were as to draw one pidiirc 
 which Ihould refemble all the faces in the world, chanK'nt^ 
 it felfe like Proteus into all fliapes : which our Divine Pott 
 fo much, and with fuch excellent art afFctftcth, that 
 fddome or never hoc utterelh words, or defcribeth adions 
 fpokcn or done after the lame manner, though thev be 
 in cffcdt the fame ; yea, though the conclufion of all the 
 Bookts of h.is ^Hc'ides bee Tragicall, favc the fiift ; yet 
 arc thty fo tempered and difpofed with fuch varietie ot 
 accidents, that they bring admiration to the moft divine 
 judgements: among tlum all not oj-.e like another, lave 
 the ends of Tutnus and Mezentius. What varietie in 
 his battailcs, aflailing the enemies Campe, beliegin:^ 
 Cities, broylcs among the common people, fet battaiks 
 in fields, aids of horfe and foot ? &c. Never the fame 
 wounds, but given with divers weapons, as here one is 
 wounded or llaine \\ ith a pcecc of a Rocke^ a Flint, Fire- 
 brand, Club, Halberd, Long pole : there another with 
 a drinking Boule or Pot, a Rudder, Dart, Arrow, Lance, 
 Sword, * Bals of Wiid-fire, &c. In divers places, as the 
 throat, head, thigh, breaft, hip, hand, knee; before, 
 behind, on the fide, (landing, lying, running, flying, 
 talking, llceping, crying out, entreating. Of place, as 
 in the Field, in the Tents, at Sacrifice, upon the guard, in 
 the day-time, in the night. To proceed further, were to 
 tranflate Virpl himfelfcj therefore hitherto J varietie. 
 I forbcare his moft lively defcriptions of perfons, times, 
 places, and manners; his moft fwett and proper Simili- 
 tudes, as where he refemblcth /Eneas^ who could not be 
 mooved by any entreatie or teares of D/Vo, or her Sifter 
 
 Ama^ to a ftubbornc Oake after this manner. 
 
 At 
 
of Voctry. 
 
 At velut'i annoj'am valido ckm rotore cjuircam^ 
 Alp'ni'i Bore^^ mate h'inc nutir (lat 'ihus illlric^ 
 Eruere inter J'e certant : it flriJor, & alte 
 Covfiemunt terram conrujfo flipite frondes^ ^c. 
 
 As when the Alpine winds with each contend, 
 Now this now that way, with their furious might 
 Some aged Oake up by the rootcs to rend, 
 Lowd whiftling's heard, the earth btftrcwed quite 
 (The lx)dy reeling) all alx)ut with leaves : 
 While it ftands firmc, and irremoved cleaves 
 Vnto the Rocke ; for looke how high it heaves 
 The lofty head to heaven-ward, i"o low 
 The ftubborne roote doth downe to hell-ward grow. 
 
 Againe, that elegant comparifon of Aruns (having 
 nvardly (laine the brave Lady Camilla^ and rctyrcd him- 
 lelfe Ibr feare, into the "xidy of the Army) to a Wolfe 
 that h: < done a mifchiefl, and durfl not flicw his head. 
 
 At velut 'die frius quant tela tniwica ferjuantur^ €neid. it. 
 
 Continuo in monies J'eJ'e avlus ahd'tdit altos 
 Occijh pajlore^ Lupus ^ maqytetve iuvenco t 
 Cnnfcius audacis f^^'-, caudamque remulcens 
 Suhjecit pavitantem utero, Jylvasque petiv 'tt^ . 
 
 And as a Wolfe that hath the Shcpheard flaiiic, 
 Or fome great beaft, before the Countrey rife. 
 Knowing him guilty, through by-wayes amainc 
 Hath got the Mountaines, leering where he lyes. 
 Or clapt his taile betwixt his legges, in feare 
 Tane the next Coppife, till the Coaft be cleare. 
 
 After Virgillj I bring you OtvV, as well bccaufc they oiU. i n^Uium 
 lived in one time, (yet Ovid confeffeth he faw Firgill but tamum hM. 
 once in all iiis life) as that he deferveth to bee fecond in 
 imitation, for the fweetaeile and fmooth current of his 
 
 fti'e, 
 
 87 
 
 «/{£k«V( (4). 
 
88 Of Poetry. 
 
 ftilc, every where fearnncd with profbimd and antique 
 
 Icitii'iig: anioin^ his Workcs, his F.pilllcs arc molt wor- 
 tliy your reading, being his ncatift pctcc, every where 
 cmbeliiflicd with excellent and wife Sentences; the num- 
 bers ftnix)tlily falling in, and lx>rrowing their luitrc and 
 iHiauty from imitation of native and antique Simplicity : 
 that of jfeontiia is fomewhat too wanton ; thofe three, of 
 yiyjfcs^ Demophoov^ and Taris to Oeuone^ arc fiifpcClrcd for 
 tl.e wcakncilc of conceit in regard of the otiicr, to be none 
 of Oviis. 
 
 Concerning his Ixxikcs, Awnrum and de .irte amavd'i^ 
 the wit with the trucly ingenuous and Iiarned will bearc 
 out the wantonnellc : for with the weeds there arc deli- 
 cate flowers in thofe walkcsof Venus. For the Argument 
 of his Metamorphojis^ he is beholden to PartheniiUy and 
 diveis others, and thofe who long before wrote of the 
 fame fubjedt. 
 
 Wif Stirmm, in About the yeare i i. when the King of Poland made 
 renKmrin*irte A'oj'covia^ cctainc Pol,n!!.m EmbafTadours tra- 
 
 '^ft2JZ. An. vailing into the in-mort places of Moj'ovia. as farre as 
 J/81./V. iox«. PoJe/ia tnd Kiovia : they palfea the great River Borifi- 
 henes^ having in their company a certaine young Gen- 
 tleman, very well feene in the Latine, Greeke, and 
 Hebrewtongues; withall, an excellent PoetandHiftorian : 
 he perfwadcd the Poloni.ms to well horfc themfclvcs, and 
 ride with him a little further : for he would (faid he) 
 fliew them Ovids Scpulcher : which they did : and when 
 they were gone fixe daycs journey beyond Borifthenes, 
 through moll vafte ;. nd tkfolate placts, at laft they came 
 into a moft fweet ^nd plcafant valley, wherein was a 
 tleere running Fountamc, about which the grade growing 
 very thicke and high, with their Swords and Fauchions 
 they cut it downc, till at laft they found a Stone, Cheft, 
 or Coffin, covered over with ftickes and fluubs, whereon, 
 it being rubbed and clcanfed from Moth and tilth, they 
 read Ovids Epitaph, which was this : 
 
Oj Poetry. 89 
 
 Hie fitui eft latvs^ ijuem Divi Cjjaris ira 
 
 ylu^uftfj Latia ctdtre jyjjit kumo . 
 Us ft mifer voluit Patrtit 0(eumiere terrify 
 
 Sed j'ruftra : hme iui fata dedere locum. 
 
 This his Scpulchcr (t'aith mine Author) rcnuincth 
 upon the borders of Greece^ necre to the Euxine Sea, and 
 
 is yet to be ftcnc. 
 
 Of Lyricke Focts, as well Grcckc as Latino, hold /fe,.„,. 
 Horact in highcft account, as the molt acuic and arti- 
 hciall of thtm alJ, having attained to fuch hciglit, that to 
 the difcrctt judgement, hcc hath cut off all liopc of 
 equalizing him : his Stile is el^ant, pure and lincvvy, 
 with moft witty and choice fentcnccs, neither hutMili 
 covtentus Stylo (as fluintilian faith of him) fed grandilotjuo 
 & fuhlimi. Yea and if we beleeve Scaliger^ more accurate 
 and fententious than Pindar. His Odes are of moft fwcct 
 and picafant invention, beyond all reprehenfion, every 
 where illullratcd with fundry and rare figures and verfcs, 
 fo fluent that the fame fM//;<r protefleth hce had rather be 
 compofer of the like, than be King of whole Arragm. In 
 hi:. Satyr, s. he i^^^ quicke, round and pleafant, and as 
 nothing fc jitter, fo not fo good as luvenaU : his Epillles 
 are neate, h is Poetica his worll pcece, for while he teacheth 
 the Art, hcc goeth unartificially to worke even in the 
 very beginning. 
 
 luvenaU of Satyrifts is the beft, for his Satyres are far -jmaiAi. 
 better than thofe of Horace^ and though he be lententioufly 
 tart, yet is his phrafc cleare and open. 
 
 Perfiusy I know not why we ihouid fo much affect him, rnfiuj. 
 (incc with his obfcurity hcc labourcth not to affect vs ; 
 yet in our learned age hee is now difcovered to every 
 Schoole-boy : his ilile is broken, froward, unpleafmg and 
 harih. 
 
 In Martiall you fliall fee a divine wit, with a flowing t-Umat. 
 purity of the Latine tongue, a true Epigrammatifl: : his 
 
 verfc 
 
f/iUt.lian. 
 ejfrrjfus. 
 
 Phutui. 
 
 Terente. 
 
 y o Of Poetry. 
 
 vcrfc is cicare, full, and abfolutc good, fomc few too 
 wanton and licentious, being winked at. 
 
 Lucane breathes with a great fpirit, wherefore Ibmc of 
 our fliailow Grammarians, have attempted to cqiiall him 
 with J'irai!/ : but his error is, while hce doth tiwpuU.irc 
 with bigge founding words, and a conccipt unbounded, 
 furious and ranging, and cannot with VirpU containe 
 himfclfe within th::t fweet, humble, and unaffected 
 moderation j he incu/reth a fccret envy and rid'culous 
 contempt, which a moderate and well tempered ftylc 
 avoidtth. 
 
 Seneca for Maielty and li-ate yecldeth not to any of 
 the Grecians whofoevcr, Cultu & nitore^ to vie Scaligers 
 words, farre excelling Euripides : albeit hee Ixjrrowed 
 the Argument of his Tragedies '^rom the Grxcians : 
 yet the Spirit, loftinefle of found, and Majefty of ftile is 
 meerely his owne. 
 
 Claudian^ is an excellent and fweet Poet, oncly over- 
 borne by the mcannefle of his iubjecl, but what wanted 
 to his matter hec fupplycd by his wit and happy inven- 
 tion. 
 
 St.-.tius is a fmooth and fweet Poet, comming neercll: 
 of any other to the Itate and Majclly of Virgds vcrfc, 
 and Ptr^U onely excepted, i the Prince of Poets afwell 
 Greekes as Latinc : for he is more flowery in figures, 
 and writteth better lines than Homer. Of his workes his 
 Sylv£ are the beft. 
 
 Propertius is an eafic, clearc, and true Flegiacke, fol- 
 lowing the tradt of none fave his owne invention. 
 
 Among Comicke Poets, how much antiquity attributed 
 to Plautus for his pleafant vaine {lo whom Volcatius giveth 
 the place next to Ciecilius^ and Varro would make the 
 mouth of Mufes;) fo much doe our times yccld to Terence^ 
 for the purity of his ftile : wherefore Scallger willeth vs 
 to admire Plautus as a Comcedian, but Terence as a pure 
 and elegant fpeaker. 
 
 Thus 
 
Of Poetry. 91 
 
 'l iiu- have 1 in liricfc, comprized for your bchoofe, 
 the la-' ccnfiire of the bcft of Latinc Poets, as it is 
 copioi; iy delivered by the Prince of all learning and 
 Ti Ho-e of judgements, the divine Jul. C<ef. Scaltger. But 
 while wc IcK)ke backc to antiquitic, let us not forget our 
 later and modernc times (as imagining nature hath here- 
 tofore extradted her quinteflcnce, and left us the dregges) 
 which protlucc as fertile wits, as perhaps the other, yea 
 and in cur Brittaine. 
 
 Of Latinc Poets of our times in the judgement of Beza 
 and Ihc bcft learned, Buchanan is cftccmce' ihc chicfc : BmkmM. 
 who albeit, in his perfon, behaviour and falnion, hce was 
 rough-hewen, flovenly and rude, feldome caring for a 
 better outfide than a Ruggc-gownc girt clofe alx)ir hirii, 
 yet his infide and conceipt in Pocfie was moll ricli, and 
 his fweetnefle and facilitic in a verfe, unimitably excel- 
 lent, as appeareth by that Maftcr-pecce his Pfahnes j as 
 farre beyond thofe of B, Rhenanus^ as the Stanza's of 
 Petrarch the ri mes of Skeltori : but deferving more applau fc 
 (in my opinion) if he had falne upon another fubjed ; for 
 I fay with one, MihS ^'iritus div'inus ejiifmotii placet quo inl-Ctf. .\m:^i- 
 feipjum tngejpt a fatre^ C?* illorum piget qui Da vidis Ffalwos 
 fuis calamiftris inuffos ^erarant efficere plaufibil'tores. And 
 certaine in that boundlefle field of Pocticall invention, 
 it cannot be avoided, but fomcthing muft bee diftorted 
 befide the intent of the Divine enditer. 
 
 His Tragedies are loftif ^ the ftile pure, his Epigrams 
 not to be mended, fave heere and there (acccn-ding to his 
 Genius) too broad and bitter. 
 
 But let us looke behind, and wee fliall finJe one 
 Knglidi-brcd (whofc glory and worth, although Chicri 
 fuppojla dolofo) is infcriou!' neither to Buchanan^ or any 
 of the ancients, and fo much the more to be valued, by 
 how much the brighter hce appeared out of t!ic fogges 
 of Barbarifmc and ignorance in his time ; that is, lofeph '"f'p'' °f £«'"■• 
 of Exeter J who lived under Htxy the fecond, and Bichard 
 
 the 
 
9 2 of Poetry. 
 
 the firft, who wjote that fingular and ftatcly ocme of the 
 Trojan warrc, after the Hiftoric of Dares P/rrygius, winch 
 the Germancs have printed under the name of Cornelius 
 Kepos. He dyed at Bourdeaux m France^ where he was 
 Archbifliop, where his monurn .'nt is ytt to bcc fccnc. 
 
 After him (all that bng tract of ignorance, untill the 
 daies of Henry the 8. (wliich time Erafmus calleth, the 
 Goldeit Age of learning^ in regard of fo many famoully 
 karntd men, it produced more than ever heretofore) 
 Sir iXmoM flouriflied Sir Thomas Moore^ fometime Lord Chancellor 
 Mwrf. England : a man of .noft rich and pleafant invention: 
 
 his verfe fluent, nothing hailh, conltrained or obfcure, 
 wholly compwfed of conceipt, and inofFenfive mirth, that 
 he fecmcth ad lepores fuijfe natum. How wittily doth he 
 play upon the Arch-cuckold Sahinus^iw^tt at Frenchified 
 Lalus^ and Hervcy a French cowardly Captaine, beaten 
 at the Sea by our Englifli, and his ihippe burned, yet his 
 vidtory and valor, to the Englifli difgrace, proclaimed by 
 Bri is a. Germane ' Pot-afier? What can be more loftie 
 than his gratulatory verfe to King Henry upon his Coro- 
 nation day, more wittie than that Epigramme upon the 
 name of Klcolaus an ignorant Phyfitian, that had beene 
 the death of thoufands, and Ahyngdons Epitaph ? more 
 fweete than that nedar Epiftle of his, to his daughters 
 Margaret^ Elizaheth^ and Cicely ? But as thcfe ingenious 
 excrcifes bewrayed in him an extraordinary quickntilc 
 of wit and learning, fo his Vtopia his depth of judgement 
 in State affaires, than which, in the opinion of the moll 
 learned Buda:us in a Preface, before it our age hath not 
 feene a thing more deepe and accurate. In his yonger 
 yccrcs, there was ever a friendly and vertuous emulation, 
 for the palme of invention and poelie, betweene IViUlam 
 WiUtamLiUj. LiUie the Author of our Grammar, and him, as ap- 
 peareth by their fcvcrall tranflations of many Grceke 
 Epigrammes, and their invention tried upon one fubject; 
 
 ' PeetMer l66\. 
 
 not- 
 
of Poetry. 9 3 
 
 notwithftanding they lou'd and liu'd together as deareft 
 
 friends. UlUe alio was, bcfidc an excellent Latine Poet, 
 a lingular Grecian ; who after he travelled all Greece 
 over, and many parts of Europe befide, and lived fome 
 foure or five yccrcs in the lie of the Rhodes : lie re- 
 turned home, and by John Collet Dcane of Pau/es, was 
 eledted Mafter of Pauls Schoole, which he had newly 
 founded. 
 
 Shortly after, began to grow eminent, afwell for Poe- 
 (ie as all other generall learning. Sir T/rowas Challoner sir Tium*i 
 Knight (father to the trucly honeit, and fomctime lover (^>^'">"- 
 of all excellent parts. Sir Thomas Challoner^ who attended 
 upon the late Prince) borne in London^ brought up in 
 Cambridge-^ who having left the Vniverfity, and followed 
 the Court a good while, went over with Sir Henry Knyvet^ 
 Embafladour to Charles the fift, as his friend and com- 
 panion : what time the Emperour being preparing a 
 mighty FIcctc againft the Turkey in Argier^ the Englilli 
 Embairadour, Sir Thor>\ts Challuiier^ Hevry Kyio-jjles^ M. 
 Henry Ifam^ and others, went in that fcrvice as voluntaries 
 with the Emperour. But the Galicy wherein Sir Thomas 
 challoner was, being caft away by foulenelTe of weather, 
 after he had laboured by fwimming for his life as long 
 as he was able, and the ftrength of his armes failing 
 him, he caught hold vpm a cable throwne out from 
 another Galley, to the lolle and breaking of many of his 
 teeth, and by that meanes faved his life. After the 
 death of King Henry the 8. he was in the battailc of 
 Muskeliorough^ and knighted by the Duke of Sommerfet. 
 And in the beginning of the raigne of Queene Elizabeth, 
 hee went over Embafladour into Spaine^ where at his 
 houres of leifure, he compiled ten elegant bookcs in Latin 
 verfe, de Repuh, Anglorum inflaurandd : fupervifed after 
 his death by Malim^ and dedicated to the old Lord 
 Burghley^ Lord Treafurer. Being fent for home by her 
 Maicfty, he fliortly after dyed in London^ and was buryed 
 
I 
 
 Sir 7«jf.r)r 
 Ontuiei. 
 
 94 Of Poetry. 
 
 in Pau/' ncerc to the Itcppcs of the Quire, toward the 
 South-dooic, under a tairc marble; but the bralT'e and 
 tpitaphc written by Doctor Haddon by facrilcgious hands 
 is fince tome away. But the Mufes and Eternal! Fame 
 l ave reared liiin a monument more lafting and woithy 
 the merit of lo excellent a man. 
 
 Of Englifh Poets of our ownc Nation, eiltcme Sir 
 leojfrey Chaucer the father; although the llile for the 
 antiquity, may dillalt you, yet as under a bitter and rough 
 rinde, there lyeth a delicate kernell of conceit and fwcct 
 invention. What Examples, Similitudes, Times, Places, 
 and above ail, Perl'ons with their fpceches, ar i attributes, 
 doe as in his Cantertury-XiXcs (like the thirds of gold, 
 the rich Arras) beautihe his worke quite thorow ? And 
 albeit divers of his workes, are but meerely tranOations 
 out of Latine and Freyich^ yet he liath handled them fo 
 artihcially, that thereby he hath made them his owne, as 
 his Troilus and Crejfeid. The Romane of the Rofe, was 
 the Invention of lekan de Mehunes^ a French Poet, 
 whereof he tranllatcd but onely the one halte : his 
 Ctfwfpr^Kry-tales without queftion were his owne invention, 
 all circunillances being wholly En^Iiih. He was a good 
 Divine, and faw in thofc times, without his fpeCtaclcs, 
 as may appeare by the Plough-man, and the Parfons 
 tale: vithall an excellent Mathematician, as plainely 
 appeareth by his difcourfe of Aftrolabc to his little fonne 
 Leaves. In b iefe, account him among the beft of your 
 Englilh bookes in your library. 
 
 Goiijer being very gracious with King Hevry the fourt'i, 
 in his time carryed the name of the onely Poet, but iiis 
 vcrfcs to fay truth, were poore and plainc, yet full of 
 gtK)d and grave Morality : but while he affedred alto- 
 gether the French phrafe and words, made himfelfe too 
 obfcure to his Reader j bcfide his invention commeth 
 farre fliort of the promife of his Titles. He publiflied 
 onely (that I know of) three bookes, which at S. Mary 
 
 Overies 
 
Of Poetry. 
 
 9S 
 
 Overiet in Southwarke, upon his monument lately repaired 
 by fomt- good Bcnefai^tor, lye under I is head ; whicli arc, 
 yox clanuvitis^ Speculum Med'ttantk^ and ConfeJJio Amantis, 
 He was a Knight, as alfo was Chaucer. 
 
 /\rtcr him fucccedcd L,ydgate^ a Monkc of llury, wlio i.iAgMe. 
 wrote that bitter Satyre of Velrs Flo'iu-rmn. I ke Ipcnt 
 moft part of his time in tranllating the workcs of others, 
 having no great invention of his owne. He wrote for 
 thole times a tolerable and fmtxjth verfc. 
 
 Then followed Hardhig^ and after him Skclto?i^ a Poet Hxrdin^.Sk^ltm. 
 Laureate^ for what defert I could never hearc; if you 
 defire to fee his veine and learning, an Epitaph upon 
 King Henry the feavcnth at Wefl-m'mfler will difcover u. 
 
 In the iatter end of King Henry the 8. for their ex- u-nrj Eailc ..f 
 cellent faculty in Poefie were famous, the right noble ^''"J- 
 He7iry Earlc of Surrey (whofe Songs and Sonnets yet 
 extant, arc of fweet conceipt :) and the learned, but 
 unfortunate. Sir Thomas Wyat. sir 77«m<« 
 
 In the time of Ed-juard the (ixth lived Stemhold, whom 
 King He7iry his father, a little before had made groome 
 of his Chamber, for turning of certaine of Davids Pfalmcs 
 into vcrfe : a;id mcrrv Hcy^ood^ who wrote his HeftrdiUre 
 
 Epigrainmes, as alfo Sir Thomas More his rtopia, in the 
 parilh wherein I was borne; where either of them dwelt, 
 and had faire poilinions. 
 
 About Queene Maries time, flouriihed Dodor Phaer, 
 who in part tranllatcd Virpls Mneids^ after finiflied by 
 Arthur Golding, 
 
 In the time of our late Quccne Elizabeth, which was 
 truly a go'den Age (for i'uch a world of refined wits, and 
 excellent fpirits it produced, whofe like are hardly to be 
 hoped for, in any fucceeding Age) above others, who 
 honoured Poefie with their pcnnes and practice (to omit 
 her Majeity, who had a lingular gift herein) were Edii:ard 
 Earle of Oxford^ the Lord Buckhurfi, Henry Lord Faget : 
 our PhttfriXf the noble Sir Phi/ij> Sidney, M. Edward 
 
 Dyer, 
 
 r.it. rt- to 
 
9« OfMuficke. 
 
 Dyer^ M. Ednnnid Spencer^ Mafter Samuel Dcn'iel^ with 
 fundry others ; whom (together with thole admirable 
 wits, yet living and fo well knownc) not out of Enuy, 
 but to uvoyde tedioufnefle, I overpaire. Thus much of 
 Poetry. 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 Of Muficke. 
 
 MVfickc a filler to Poetry, next craveth your ac- 
 quaintance (if your Genius be fo difpofcd.) I know 
 there are many, who are adeo fi^owoi, and of fuch 
 difproportioncd fpirits, that they avoid her company; 
 as a great Cardinall in Rome^ did Rofes at their firll 
 comming in, that to avoyde their fent, he built him an 
 hoLifc in the champaignc farre from any townc: or (as 
 with a Rofe not long fmce, a great Ladies cheek in 
 Evgland) their eares are ready to blifter at the tendreft 
 touch thereof. I dare not paflc fo rafli a cenfure of thefc 
 as Pindar doth, or the Italtaji^ having fitted a proverbe 
 to the fame effcdt, IVhorr God loves not, that man loves 
 not muficke: but I am verily pcrfwadcd, they arc by nature 
 very ill difpofcd, and of fuch a brutifh ihipidity, that 
 fcarce any thing clfe that is good and favoureth of vcrtue, 
 is to bt found in them. Never wife man (I thinke) 
 queftioned the lawfull ufe hereof, fmce it is an immediate 
 gift of heaven, beitowcd on man, whereby to praife and 
 magnifie lais Creator j to folace him in the midit of fo 
 many forrowes and cares, wherewith life is hourely befet: 
 Deut "1 ^'"^ ^^^^ letters, the memory of Dodtrine, 
 
 * u wafin ^"'^ ^^'^ benefits of God might be for ever preferved (as 
 inHrununt wc are taught by that Song of Mofes^ and thofe divine 
 three louarc, Pfalmcsofthe fwcct fmgcr of 7/'r<7e/, who with his* Pfaltery 
 of Jncompafal ^ov,-d\y rcfouudcd the Myfteries and innumerable bene- 
 
 bte sweet nefle. fits 
 
3 
 
 ■3 
 
 3 
 
 OfMuJicke. 97 
 
 fits of the Almighty Creator) and the fervicc <rf God 
 
 advanced, as we may find in 1 Samuel 6. lerf. Ffalme 
 33. 11. 4j and 4. 108. J. And in I'undry other places of 
 Scripture, which for brevity I omit. 
 
 But, fay our Stearics, the fervicc of God is nothing ^ 
 adv:)nccd by Tinging and initruments, as wee ufe it in 
 our Cathcdrall Churches, that is j by " Antiphony^ 'Refits^ Anfweringone 
 Repetitions^ Variety of Moodes and Proportions with the »'w>t*>e' the 
 like." Oh."*- 
 
 For the firft, that it is not contrary, but confonant to 
 the Word of God, fo in finging to anfwer either : the 
 pradtice of Miriam the Propheteflc, and filler of Mofes^ 
 when flie anfwered the men in her fong, will approve; 
 for repetition, nothing was more vfL in the fmging of 
 the Levites, and among the Pfa/mes of David^ the i j<f. 
 is wholly compounded of thofe two mort gracefull and 
 fwect figures of repetition, Symploce and Anaphora. 
 
 For Refting and Proportions^ the nature of the Hebrew 
 verfe, as the meaneft Hehrician knowtth, confifting many 
 times of uneven feete, going fometime in this number, 
 fometimes in that : one while (as S. lerome faith) in the 
 numbers of Sappho-, another while of Alcaus^ doth of 
 neceflity require it : and wherein doth our pradice of 
 finging and playing with Inftruments in his Majefties 
 Chappell, and our Cathedrall Churches, differ from the 
 pradtice of David} the Priefis and Levits ? Doe wee not Chnm. 2. of. f. 
 make one Jlpie in praijing and thanking God, with voyces W- «»•<&■ 13. 
 and injiruments of aU forts? Donee (as S. lerome faith) 
 retoet lequear templi : the roofe of the Church ecchoeth 
 againc, and which left they fliould cavill at as a Icwifli 
 Ceremony, we know to have beene pradifed in the 
 ancient purity of the Church; but we retume where we 
 left. 
 
 The Phyfitianswill tell you, that the cxercife of Muficke 
 is a great lengthner of the life, by ftirring and reviving 
 of tiie Spirits, holding a fecret lympathy with them ; 
 
 rEACiiAM H BclidcS, 
 
> lib. de 
 •.yin^oie animi. 
 
 Saiiiuviov 
 
 ififtopol flat 
 Kai aiSuvt. 
 O^iffs. 8. 
 
 ^rill. Politic. 
 
 Cicero. Tufc. 
 ijusft. lib. I. 
 
 98 OfMuJicke. 
 
 Bciidcs, the cxcrcifc of linging opcncth the breaft and 
 pipes: it is an enemy to mebncholly and dejection of 
 the mind, which S. Chryfojiome truely calJeth, The D'tvels 
 Bath. Yea, a curcr of lome difeafes: in Apuglia^ in Italy, 
 and thereabouts, it is moft certainc, that thol'c who arc 
 Itung with the Tarantula, are cured onely by Muiicke. 
 Befide the aforefaid benefit of fmging, it is a moft ready 
 helpe for a bad pronunciation, and dilHndt fpeaking, 
 whicli I have heard confirmed by many great Divines : 
 yea, I niy fclfe have knowne many Children to have bin 
 holpen of their ftammering in fpeech, onely by it. 
 
 ¥lato calleth it, A divine and heavenly praHhe, profitable 
 for the feeking out of that which is good and honcil. 
 
 Homer faitli, Mufitians arc worthy of Honor, and 
 regard of tlie whole world; and we know, albeit Lycurgus 
 inipofed moll ftreight and fliarpe Lawes upon the L^ue- 
 Je?no7iians^ yet hc ever allowed them the exercifc of 
 Muiicke. 
 
 Ar'iflotle averreth Muficke to bee the onely difpofer 
 of the mind to Vcrtuc and Goodneffe ; wherefore he 
 reckoneth it among thofe foure principal] exercifes, 
 wherein he would have children inftruifled. 
 
 TuUy faith, there confifteth in the practice of finging 
 and playing upon Inftruments, great knowledge, and the 
 moft excellent inftruftion of the mind: and for the efFccft 
 it worketh in the mind, he tearmeth it, Stahtlem Thefau- 
 rum.^ qui mores injiituit^ compmitque^ ac moUit irarum arJo- 
 res, arc. A lafting Treafure, which reftificth and ordercth 
 our manners, and allayeth the heate and fury of our 
 anger, &c. 
 
 I might runne into an ir finite Sea of the praife and 
 ufe of lb excellent an Art, ut 1 onely fliew it you with 
 the finger, becaufe I defire not that any Noble or Gen- 
 tleman flioiild (fave at his private recreation and leafure- 
 able hourcs) proove a Maiter in the fame, or ncgled his 
 more weighty imployments : though I avouch it a skill 
 
 worthy 
 
Of Mufide. 5,9 
 
 worthy the knowledge and exercife of the greateft 
 Prince. 
 
 King Ue?iry the eight could not oncly fmg liis part luxfm.inf^, 
 lure, l)ut of himfeife compofcd a Service of foure, hve, 
 and lixe parts; as Erafmtu in a certalne i.pilHc, teftifieth 
 of his owne knowledge. 
 
 The Duke oi' renoja^ an Italian Prince, in like manner, ^ y^^^ 
 of late ycares, hath given excellent proofe of his know- 
 ledge andloveto Mulicke,having himfeife compofedmany 
 rare fongs, which 1 have Icenc. 
 
 But above others, who carrycth away the Pal. .e for The iuft rra 
 excellency, not onely in JMuiiclce, but in vv hatfocvcr is to 
 
 o{ Maurice 
 
 be wiflied in a brave Prince,is thcytt living A/^^/^r/Vf LanJ- ' ■""'V''^' "I 
 g^ave ofHepn^ of whofc owne compofition I have fcene 
 eight or ten Icverall fetsof Motets, and folemncMufickc, 
 ftt purpofely for his owne ChappcU ; where for the great 
 honour of fonic Feftivall, and many times for his recre- 
 ation oncly, he is his owne OrganilK Belides, he readily 
 fpeaketh ten or twelve feverall languages; he is io 
 univerfall a Scholler, that comming (as he doth often) 
 to his Vniverdty of Marpurge^ what qucftions ioever he 
 meetcth with fet up, (as the manner is in the Germane 
 and our Vniverfities) hcc will Ex tempore^ difpute an 
 houre or two (even in Bootes and Spurres) upon them. 
 with their beft Profeflbrs. I pafle over his rare skill in 
 Chirurgery, he being generally accounted the be ft Bone, 
 fetter in the Country. Who have feene hiscftate, hishof- 
 pftality, his rich furniflied Armory, his brave Stable OF 
 great Horfes, his curtefie to all ftrangers, being men of 
 Quality and good parts, let them fpeake the reft. 
 
 But iincc the naturall inclination of fome men, driveth 
 them (as it were) perforce to the top of Excellency : ex- 
 amples of this kind are very rare, yea great pcrfonages 
 many times are more violently carried, than might 
 well ftand with their Honours, and neceflity of their 
 affaires : yet were it to thefe honeft and commendable 
 
 H » exercifes 
 
I oo 
 
 Of Mujicke. 
 
 Suctmiiu. 
 
 M. H'UlUm 
 Bird. 
 
 I uJniict tie 
 I'idiria. 
 
 cxercifcs lavouring of vcrtuc, it were well : but many 
 negledllng their duties and places, will addi<fl thcmfeiucs 
 wholly to trifles, and the iiu)lt ridiculous and childiili 
 practices. A.s Eropus King of ^/.irr.yow/*/, tookt- pleafure 
 onely in making of Candies : Domitian his recreation was 
 to catcli and killflycs, and could not be Ipoken with many 
 
 was an excellent Smith and a Basket-maker: AlfhonJ'e 
 Ateflhio Duke of Ferrara, delighted himfelfe onely in 
 Turning and playing the loyncr. Rodolph the late Em- 
 perour,in fetting of Stones and inakin}^ Watches. Which, 
 and the like, much cc'.ipfe State and Majtlly, bringing fa- 
 miliarity, and by confequence contempt with the meaneft. 
 
 I delir e no more in you than to iini;; your part furc, and 
 at the firll fight, withail, to play the fame upon your Violl, 
 or the cxerclfe of the Lute, privately to your felfe. 
 
 To deliver you my opinion, whom among other Authors 
 you Ihould imitate and allow for the belt, th-re being lo 
 many equally good, is fomewhat difficult ; yet as in the 
 red herein you Hiall have my opinion. 
 
 For Motets and Mulicke of piety and devotion, as 
 well for the honour of our Nation, as the merit of the 
 man, I prcferre alxjvc all otlier our Pkcenix, M. IVilliam 
 Byrd^ whom in that kind, I know not whether any may 
 equall, I am lure none excell, even by the iudgement of 
 Frdwff and whoare veryfparing in the commendation 
 of ftrangcrs, in regard ofthat conceipt they hold of them- 
 I'elvcs. His Cantioves Sacrje^ as alfo his GraduaUa^ are mecrc 
 Angclicall and Divine • and being of himfelfe naturally 
 difpofed to Gravity and Piety, hisveine is not fo much 
 for light Madrigals or Canzonets, yet his VirgineUa and 
 fome others in his tiril Set, cannot be mended by the belt 
 Italian of them all. 
 
 For compofition, I preferre next Ludovico de Fl&oria, 
 a moll: judicious and a fweete Compofer : after him 
 Orlando di Lfjfo^ a very rare and excellent Author, who 
 
 lived 
 
of ^litjicke. 10 r 
 
 lived iomc loity ycarcs (inc«^ in the Court of the Duke 
 ofBaxier. He hath pubhihcd as well in Latine as French 
 many Sets, hisvcinc is grave and fweet : among his Latinc 
 Songs,hisicvcn pa.Mitentiall Fl'almcs arc the !x-ll, and that 
 French Set of his wherein is SiiJ'ama v» jour: upon which 
 Ditty many others have fincc excrcifed their invention. 
 
 For delicious Aire andfwcct Invention in Mad rigaiSj Lita Marntw. 
 Lkca Altirenzio cxcelleth all other whofoevcr, having 
 publiflied more Sets than any Author elfe whofoevcr- 
 and to fay truth, hath not an ill Song, though fomctimc 
 an over-dght (which might be the Printers fault) of two 
 eizhts^ or pftet cfcaPt him as between the Tenor and 
 Baft in the laft clofe, of / muft depart all haplejfe : ending 
 according to the Nature of the Ditty moft artificially, 
 w ith a Minim rell. His rirft, fecond, and third parts of 
 Thyrfts^ Veggo dolce mto ken chl fa hogp mio Sole Cantava\ 
 or f'^eet ftnging Amaryllis^ are Songs, the Mufcs them- 
 felvcs might not have beenc aliiamed to have had com- 
 pofcd. Of ftaturc and complexion, he was a little and 
 blacke man ; he was Organift in the Popes Chappcll at 
 Rome a good while, afterward hcc went into Poland^ being 
 in difpleafure with the Pope for overmuch familiarity 
 with a kimwomanof his, (whom the Queenc of Poland 
 fent for by Luca Marenzio afterward, Ihe being one of the 
 rareft women in Europe^ for her voycc and the Lutt :) but 
 returning, he found the afFedion of the Pope fo eftrangcd 
 from him, that hereupon hee tooke a conceipt and dyed. 
 
 Alphonfo Feraiofco the father, while he lived, for iudg- VfM. 
 ment and depth of skill, (as alfo his fonne vet living) 
 was inferior unto none j what he did was mort elaborate 
 and profound, and pleafing enough in Aire, though 
 Maftcr Thomas MorUy cenfureth him otherwife. That 
 of his, 1 favi my Lady tveefmg^ and the Nightingale (upon 
 
 S'x' Diet. Mm/, li, 21 J, where correct titles are given as: — ^"Tirsi 
 morir volea ' ; ' Veggo dolce mio benc'i 'Che fa hogg' il mio sole': 
 ' Cantava la piu v^a. ) 
 
 vi'tuch 
 
102 Of Mujiikc. 
 
 v'hich Ditty Maflcr Krd and he in a fricndiy xmulation, 
 cxcrcifcd their invention) cannot be bettered for fwect- 
 ncflc of Ayrc, or depth ot judgement 
 H»rj/i* Vtich. I bring you now mine ownc Mafter, Horatio Fecchi 
 
 of MoJena : [jtlidc goodncHL- of Aire moll picafing of 
 all other for his conccipt and variety, wherewith all 
 his workcs are fmgularly beautified, as well his Madri- 
 gals of five and fixe, as tiiofc his Canzonets, printed at 
 Norimherge : wherein for tryall, ling his rivo in Juoco 
 amorofo^ Lucretia mia^ where upon lo eatetiato moro^ with 
 excellent jud'^cment, he drivcth a Crotchet tliorow 
 many Minima, cauling it to refemble a chainc with tlie 
 Linkes. Againc, in S' io potejji raccor i mci Sojpiri^ the 
 breaking of the word So^iri with Crotchet & Crotchet 
 reft into fighcs : and that/* mi vn Canzonej &c. to make 
 one lleepe at nt)one, witli fundry other of like conccipt, 
 and pleafant invention. 
 cinoHm Oxe. Then that great Mafter, and Mafter not long fincc of 
 S. Marl:es Chappcll in Venice ^ fecond to none, tor a full, 
 lofty, and fprightly veinc, following none fave his ownc 
 humour : who while he lived was one of the moft free 
 and brave companions of the world. His Pccnitentiall 
 Pfalmcs are excellently compofed, and for piety arc his 
 beft. 
 
 Tner Tiutifi. Nor muft I hcrc forget our rare Countrey-man, Peter 
 Philipty Organift to their ylliezza's at Bruxels, now one 
 of the greateft Mafters of Muficke in Europe. Hee hath 
 fent us over manv excellent Songs, as well Atotets as 
 Madrigah : he affecteth altogether the Italian veine. 
 uuwtir, Ilis There are many other Authors very excellent, as Eof- 
 '^'^TT'i d ^^^^^°-> ^"tl Claudia de Monte Verde^ equall to any b-fore 
 in iwL named; Giouamiioni Ferretti, Stephana Felis^GiulioRina-t , 
 Philippo lie Monte ^ Andrea Ciahrieli^ Cyprian de Rore^ P it- 
 lavicero^ Geminiano^ with others yet living ; whofe feverall 
 workes for me here to examine, would be over tedious 
 and needlefle ; and for me, pleafe your ownc eare and 
 
 fancy. 
 
Of hlujickc. 10 1 
 
 fancy. Thole wl om 1 h:i vc before mentioned, have been 
 ever (witkui thdie thirty or flirty yeares) held for the 
 bcft. 
 
 I willin;^iv, to 3%'f^de tedimifncfle, forbearc to fpeake 
 of the wi^rth an .c' lu-y. i :C rcil ■ f otir Englilli 
 Compofers, Ma itr Doctor Douland^ Thomas Mtrleyy M. 
 Alphonjo, U. Wilhy, M- K/r*y, M. Wilkes^ Michael 
 M. Batejim^ M. D'-rr/wi;, With lundry others, infcriour to 
 none in tht world (how much foevcr the Italian attri- 
 butes to htmfelfe) for depth of skill and richnefle of 
 conceipt. 
 
 Infinite IS the iwcct variety that tht 1 ntoriquc of 
 Mufickc excrcife^^ ^ mind withall, as the aMitcmpla- 
 tion of proporti Concords and Difcords, diverdty 
 
 of M(X>des and lo infinitcnedc of Invention, 6cc. 
 But 1 dare atfirn r, tncrc is no one Science in the 
 world, that fo .iftetteth the free and generous Spirit, with 
 a more dcligiitfuU and in-offenfive recreation, or better 
 diipofeth the minde to whtt is a»nmendable and ver- 
 tuous. 
 
 The Common-wealth of the CynethenJ'es in Arcadia^ Tdjb.tib.^.t.-;. 
 fallini: from the delight they formerly had in Mulickc, 
 grew into leditious humours and civill warres, which 
 Polybim tooke efpccially note of : and I fuppofe, hereupon 
 It was ordained in v?rfW/<7, that every one Ihouldpradife 
 Muhcke by the fpace of thirty yeares. 
 
 The ancient Gaules in like manner (whom Julian y*/'"' '"'/<•■" 
 tt armed barbaroiisHiccamc moft curtcous and tradable ^b^/^*' 
 "7 the practii'e of Mulickc. 
 
 Yea, in my c^inimi, no Rhetorickc more perfwadcth, Rhctorimic 
 or hath greater power over the mind: nay, hath not Mulickc 'J"** M^cke, 
 her figures, the fame which Rhctoriquc ? What is a B.evert "ffinKy- 
 but licr Antijirophe f her reports, bilt fweet Anaphora's ? 
 her counterchange of points, Antimetatole's? hcrpalTionate 
 Aires but FroJ'opoptea' s ? with infinite other of the fame 
 nature. 
 
 How 
 
1 04 Of Antiquities. 
 
 How doth Muficke amaze us, when of found difcords 
 file inaketh the fwcetcft Harmony ? And who can fliew 
 us the rcafon why two Bafons, Bowles, BrafTc-pots, or 
 the like of the fame bignefle ; the one being ftill, the 
 other empty, fliall, ftriken, be a juft Diapafon in found 
 one to the other : or that there (liould bee fuch fympathy 
 in founds, that two Lutes of equall fize being laid upon 
 a Tabic, and tuned Vnifon, or alike in the Gamma^ G j'ol 
 re vt^ or any other firing ; the one ftricken, the other un- 
 touched fliall anfwer it? 
 
 But to conclude, if all Arts hold their cfteeme and 
 value according to their Eftefts, account this goodly 
 Science not among the number of thofe which iMcian 
 placeth without the gates of Hell, as vaine and unprofit- 
 able: but of fuch which are irjjyat tS>i Ka\&Vy the fountaines 
 of our lives good and happinelTe : fince it is a principall 
 meanes of glorifying our mercifull Creator, it heighthens 
 our devotion, it gives delight and cafe to our travailes, 
 it cxpelleth fadncfTc and heavinefTe of Spirit, preferveth 
 people in concord and amity, allayeth fiercenefle, and 
 anger ; and laftly, is the beft Phifidce for many melan- 
 cholly difeafes. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 
 Of Antiquities. 
 
 OVt of the Treafury and Storehoufc of venerable 
 Antiquities, I have feleded thefe three forts. Statues^ 
 Iftfcr'iptie„s^ and Ceyues j defiring you to take a (hort view 
 of them, ere you proceed any further. 
 
 The pleafure of them is beft knowne to fuch as luvc 
 feene them abroad in France^ Spa'me^ and Italy, where the 
 Gardens and Galleries of great men are beautified and fet 
 forth to admiration with thefe kinds of ornaments. And 
 indeed the podefTion of fuch rarities, by reafon of their 
 
 dead 
 
 The (Irancc 
 cfFeds and 
 properties of 
 Muiicall pro - 
 portions. 
 
of Antiquities, lof 
 
 dead coftlinelTc, doth properly belong to Princes, or rather 
 *o princely minds. But the profitable necenitic of fome 
 knowledge in them, will plainly appeare in the handling 
 of each particular. Sure I am, that he that will travcll, 
 miift both heed them and underftand them, if he dcfirc 
 to bee thought ingenious, and to bee welcome to the 
 owners. For next men and manners, there is nothing 
 fairely more dclightfull, nothing worthier obfervation, 
 than thefc Copies, and memorials of men and matters of 
 elder times ; whofe lively prefence is able to perfwade 
 a man, that he now fceth two thoufand yeeres agoc. Such 
 as are skilled in them, are by the Italians tcarmed Virtuofi.^ 
 as if others that cither negledt or defpife them, were idiots 
 or rakehels. And to fay truth, they arc fomcwhat to be 
 excufcd, if they have all Leefkei>hers (as the Dutch call 
 them) in fo high eftimation, for they themfelves are fo 
 great lovers of them {& fimilis pmHi gaudet) that they 
 purchafe them at any rate, and lay up mightie treafures 
 of money in them. Witnefle that Exchequer of mcttals 
 in the Cabinets of the great Duke of Tufcany^ for number 
 and raritie abfolutcly the beft in the world, and not 
 worth fo little as looooo. pound. For proofe whereof, 
 doe but confider the number of thofe which Teter de 
 Medicis loft at Florence upon his banifhment and de- 
 parture thence, namely, a hundred thoufand peeces of 
 gold, and filver, and bralFe, as Thil'tp de Commines re- 
 porteth, who mentioneth tiicm as an infinite trcafure. 
 And yet Feter was but a private man, and not to be any 
 way compared with the Dukes of his Houfe, that have 
 beene fince, all of them great and diligent gatherers of all 
 manner of Antiquities. And for Statues, the Diana of 
 Ephef us mth.c marble chamber at Paris^Laocoon indNilus 
 in Beluedere at Bome^ and many more, are peeces of in- 
 eftimable value : but the matchlclTe, and never too much 
 admired Toro in Cardinall Farnefes garden out-ftrippelh 
 allother Statues in thcworldfbr grcatnefle and workcman- 
 
 ship. 
 
io6 Of yfntiquities. 
 
 fliip. It comprehcndeth a great Bull, and (if my memory 
 faile mee not) feven or eight figures more as great as the 
 life, all of one entire peece of marble, covered with a houfe 
 made of purpofe, and eftimated at the wealth of a king- 
 dome, as the Italians fay, or all other Statues put together. 
 Of Statues. And now to fpend a few lines on Statues in generall j 
 I began witii them, becaufe I fuppofe them of greater 
 ftanding & antiquitie, than either Infcriptions or Coines. 
 For, not to fpeake of Infcriptions, but of the Genius of 
 them, Writing and Letters, they feeme to be fo much the 
 later in dention of the two /I meane in regard of Statues) 
 as it was more obvious ana cafier for man to figure and 
 reprefent his outward body than his inward mindc. We 
 heare of Latans idols, long before the two tables o)' the 
 commandements, and they arc the firft of either kind men- 
 tioned in the holy Scriptdres. And in the Stories of the 
 Eaft and Weft Indies, wc finde idols among thofe Savages 
 that hsd neither writing nor money. Coines I place in the 
 rcarc, jecaufe they are made up of both the other. For 
 moft commonly they confift (1 fpeake not of the materiall 
 but formall part) cither of an Infcription, or an image, or 
 both ; fo that the other two may jultly claime precedency 
 of Coines, feeing they are the ingredient iimples that 
 compound them. It is true that we reade in Genejis that 
 Abraham bought the field of Machpelah for 400 ftickcls, 
 and that (you may fay) is long before we heare either of 
 Idols or writings : but withall it is faid there, not that he 
 told out fo much money to Ephron, but that [appendit) he 
 weighed it j fo that 4.00 fliekels there are to be taken for 
 fo much in weight, not in coyne, pecunia numerata. At 
 Rome, Servius was the firft (as Remeus thinks, and Snelliut 
 is perfwadcd) or Numa Pompilitu (as Suidas out of Suetottius 
 alleadgcth,an(i Ifodtre beleeveth)that firft itampcd money. 
 Rut their Penates were farre more ancient, which their 
 Poets (and particularly Virgtt) fay, MneM brought with 
 him from Troy. I will leave this point with this by-obfer- 
 
 vation. 
 
of An tiqu ities. 107 
 
 vation, that if tliat Story of Mneas be true ; the Coynes 
 that feme Antiquaries have of Priajms and Troy may 
 very well be fufpecaed of forgery. For it is not likelv that 
 they that had time enough to bring away their houlchold 
 Gods, fliould be (so) forgetfull as to leave all their money 
 behind them ; and lo negligent withall, as after their fet- 
 ling in Italy^ never to put in pradtice a thing fo ufefiill and 
 neccflary as coyncd money is, till Servius or Numa'i time. 
 
 To rcturne to our Statues ^ they (I propound) are chiefly 
 Grccke and Romane, and both thcfe either of Deities or 
 Mortals. And where fliould the Magazine of the beft of 
 thefe be, but where the feat of the laft Empire was? even 
 at Rome : where th' -igh they be daily found and digged 
 for, yet are they fo extreamcly affedtcd and fought after, 
 that it is (as with Gennets in Spaine) fcllony to convey 
 them thence without fpeciall licence. But in Greece and 
 other parts of the Grand Signiors Dominions (where 
 fometime there were more Statues ftanding than men 
 living, fo much had Art out-ftripped Nature in thofe 
 dayes) they may be had for digging and carrying. For by 
 reafon of the barbarous religion of the Turks, which al- 
 loweth not the likenefle or reprefentation of any living 
 thing, they have been for the moft part buryed in mines 
 or broken to peeccs ; fo that it is a hard matter to light 
 upon any there, that arc not headlefle and lame,yet moft 
 of them venerable for their antiquitie and elegancy. And 
 here I cannot but with mudi reverence, mention the every 
 way Right honourable Thomas Honjord Lord high Mar- 
 Jliall of England^ as great for his noble Patronage of Arts 
 and ancient learning, as for his birth and place. To 
 whofc libcrall charges and magni^ ce, this angle of 
 the world oweth the firft fight of Cccke and Romanc 
 Statues, with whofe admired prefence he began to hon- 
 our the Gardens and Galleries of Arundci-Houfe about 
 twentic yeeres agoe, and hath ever fince continued to 
 tranfplant old Greece into Englmd. King Charles also 
 
 ever 
 
io8 Of Antiquities. 
 
 ever fince his comming to the Crowne, hath amply tefti- 
 
 ficd a Royall liking of ancient ftatucs, by caufing a whole 
 army of old forraine Emperours, Captaines, and Senators 
 all at once to land on his coafts, to come and doe him 
 homage, and attend him in his palaces of Saint lames^ and 
 Sommerfet-houfe. A great part of theie belonged to the 
 late Duke Mantua: and fomeof the Old-greeke-marble- 
 bafes, columnes, and altars were brought from the ruines 
 of Apollo's Temple at Delos^ by that noble and abfolutely 
 complcat Gentleman Sir Kenkelme Dighy Knight, In 
 the Garden at S'. lames there are alfo halFe a dozen braflTe 
 ftatues, rare ones, caft by Hubert le Sueur his Majefties 
 Servant now dwelling in Saint Bartholomeues London, 
 the mofl induftrious and excellent Statuary in all ma- 
 terials that ever this Countrey enjoyed. 
 
 The beft of them is the Gladiator, molded from that 
 in Cardinall Borghefes Vdla^ by the procurement and in- 
 duftry of ingenious Mafter Gage. And at this prefcnt 
 the faid Malkr Sueur hath divers other admirable molds 
 to cai't in bralle for his Majeftie, and among the relt that 
 famous Diana of Ephefus above named. But the great 
 Horfc with his Majeftie upon it, twice as great as the 
 life, and now well-nigh finiflied, will compare with that 
 of the New-bridge at Varis, or thofe others at 'Florence 
 and Madrid^ though made by Sueur his Mafter, lohri de 
 Bolonia that rare worke-man, who not long fince lived at 
 Florence. At Yorke-houfe alfo, the Galleries and Roomcs 
 are ennobled with the pofleftion of thofe Romane Heads, 
 and Statues, which lately belonged to Sir Teter Paul 
 Ruhons Knight, that exquifit Painter of Antijjerp: and the 
 Garden will bee renowned fo long as de Bologna's 
 Cain and Abel ftand credted there, a peece of wondrous 
 Art and Workemanlhip. The King ot'Spaine gave it his 
 Majeftie at his being there, who beftowed it on the late 
 Duke of Butkingham. And thus have wc of late yceres 
 a good fample of this firft fort of Antiquities accom- 
 panied 
 
of Antiquities. 1 09 
 
 panied with fome novelties, which neverthelefle can 
 
 not but fall fliort of thofe in other Countries, where 
 the love and ftudy of them is farre andenter, and the 
 meanes to come by them eafier. 
 
 It is not enough for an ingenuous Gentleman to behold 
 thefc with a vulgar eye : but he mull be able to dillin- 
 guifli them, and tell who and what they be. To doe this, 
 there be foure parts : Firll;, by gcnerall learning in Hif- 
 tory and Poetry Whereby we are taught to know lupiier 
 by his thunder-bolt, Mars by his armour, Neptune by his 
 Trident, Apollo by his harpe, Mercury by his wingeson his 
 cap and feet, or by his Caduceus ; Ceres by a handful! of 
 corne, Flora by her flowers, Bacchus by his Vine-leaves, 
 Fomona by her Apples, Hercules by his club or Lyons skin, 
 Hercules infans by his grafping of Snakes. Comedy by a 
 vizard in her hand, Diana by a crefcent, Pallas by her hel- 
 met and fpeare^ and fo generally of moft of the Deities. 
 Some mortals alfo arc knowne by their cognifances, as 
 Laocoon by his Snakes (tinging him to death, Cleopatra 
 by a viper, Cicero by his wert, and a great many more. 
 
 But becaufe all ftatues have not fuch properties and 
 badges, there is a fecond way to difcerne them, and that 
 is by their coyncs. For if you looke upon *\\cm fidewayes 
 and confider well their halfe-faces, as all coynes fliew 
 them, you will eafily know them. For this is certaine 
 (which alio witnelTeth the exquifit diligence of ancient 
 workes) that all the fzcts of any one perfon, whether on 
 old coynes or ftones, in greater or Icflcr volume, are all 
 alike. Infomuch as if you bring an old rufty coyne to any 
 reafonable Antiquary : if he can fee but a nole upon it, 
 or a pcecc of the face, he will give you a flirewd guefle 
 at him, though none of the infcription be to be feene. 
 
 A third and very good way to diftinguifli them, is by 
 the booke of collection of all the principall flatues that 
 are now to be feene at Rome : printed there with the 
 Title, Uones ftatuarum qua hodie vifuntur Rom*. 
 
 He 
 
110 Of Antiquities. 
 
 He that is well acquainted with this booke, will cafily 
 difcovcr at firlt fight a great many of them. For there 
 are a number of llatues of one and the fame perfon : and 
 he that knowes one of them knowes all the reft. 
 
 The fourth and lafl: hdpc, and without which the reft 
 are wcakc, is to vifit them in company of fuch as are 
 learned in them, and by their helpe to grow familiar 
 with them, and fo pradife their acquaintance. 
 
 Now bcfide the plcafure of feeing, and coaverfing witli 
 thefe old Heroes^ (vvhofe meere prefence, without any 
 fiirther confideration, reared on their feverall PeJiJfals^ 
 and ranked decently, either J'ub dlo, where they llievv beft, 
 or in a ftately Gallery, cannot but take any eye that can 
 but fee :) the profit of knowing them, redound? to all 
 Poets, Painters, Architeds, and generally to fuch as may 
 have occafion to imploy any of thefe, and by confequent 
 to all Gentlemen. To Poets for the prefentation of 
 Comedies, Tragedies, Maskes, Shewes, or any learned 
 fcene whatfoever ■ the properties whereof can neither be 
 appointed nor judged of, but by fuch as are well feene in 
 ftatue-craft. To Painters, for the picturing of feme 
 exquifit arme, leg, torfe or wreathing of the body, or any 
 other rare pofture, whether fmooth or forced. 
 
 Befidt s. Rounds (fo Painters call Statues and their frag- 
 ments) may be had, when the life cannot, and have the 
 patience to ftand when the life will not : and this is a 
 maxime among Artifts in this kind, that a Round is better 
 to draw by, and comes neerer the life, than any flat or 
 painting whatfoever. And if a Painter will meddle with 
 Hiilory, then are old Statues co him the onely life it felfe. 
 I call Reuhens to witneffe, (the beft ftory-painter of thefe 
 times) whether his knowledge in this kind hath not been 
 his onely making. But his Statues before named, and his 
 workcs doc tcftitie it for him : yea while he is at workc, 
 he ufeth to have fome good hiftorian or Poet read to him, 
 which is rare in men of his profeffion, yet abfolutely ne- 
 
 ctlFary. 
 
of Antiquities, in 
 
 ccflary. And as for Architedts, they have great ufe of 
 Statues for ornaments for gates, arches, frcefes and 
 comilhes, for Torabcs and divers other buildings. 
 
 And therefore I may jurtly conclude that the ftudy of 
 Statues is profitable for all ingenuous Gentlemen, who 
 are the onely men that imploy Poets, Painters, and Archi- 
 teds, if they be not all thefe themfelves. And if they bee 
 not able to iudge of their workes, they well deferve to be 
 couzened. 
 
 Infcriptions foUow, wherein I will be fhorter, becaufe I of infcrip. 
 can addrefle you to better helps in them, than in the 
 former. For of the difcovery of Statues, I know not anv 
 that have written fo much as hath beene now delivered, 
 but as for Infcriptions divers Authors have unfolded them. 
 I will name you one for all, and that is Upjius^ who hath 
 fct forth the colledtions of another, and many of his owne 
 befides. This booke of Infcriptions is in Folio, and printed 
 zXAnt-werp^ex offic'tna PlantinianaRaphelengy: where in the 
 very beginning he beftowcth a kafe or two in dccyphring 
 unto us, and explaining the fence of old Charaders, or 
 fliort writing j as that D. M. ftands for Di/s Maniitity 
 which you ufually find upon vrnts : L. M. ^for Luhens 
 Meritoque : D. D. D. for Dat^ Dicat^ Dedicat : D. S. P. 
 for De Suo Pofiiit : and fo of the reft which I leave, that 
 I may not be a Plagiary vertattm. 
 
 And becaufe Infcriptions are not onely of Stones, as olt 
 Vrnes, Altars, Veflels, Gates, Aquaeduas, &c. fuch as 
 Upfius handlethj but of Coynes alfo; I will give you 
 two or three examples of thefe, with which and fome 
 pradtice you may eafily unriddle the reft. M. Ditrmiut III. 
 FIR. A. A. A. F. F. Rcade it thus, Marcut Durmtus 
 triumxir auro argento teri flando feritmdo. Againc, Imp, 
 C<ef. Trajano. aug, ger. dac. P. M. tr. p. Cy. vj. P. P. 
 Exprcfle it thus j Imperatori Cjtfari Trajano^ ^'^P'ftOy Ger- 
 manicOy Dacico^ Pontifici Maximo^ trihunitia potefiatU^ 
 Cmfuli fextiim. Patri Patria. Where by the way I muft 
 
 commend 
 
112 Of Antiquities. 
 
 commend a learned note of Stephen Pafquier in his Re- 
 chnchts de la France^ that the word Papa comes from an 
 old miftake of Pater Patnx\ written thus, Pa. Pa. as we 
 have it in many Coynes. If it bee demanded how wee 
 know that thefe characters are to be thus read? I anfwer, 
 by divers other infcriptions where they are written at 
 large. I muft not forget to tell you that Arundel-Houfe is 
 the chiefe Englifli Icenc of ancient Infcriptions, which 
 Malter lohn Selden (the belt and learnedit Antiquary in 
 this Kingdome) hath colledted together under the title of 
 Marmora Arundeliana. You fliall finde all the walles 
 of the houfe inlayde with them, and fpeaking Greeke and 
 Latine to you. The Garden efpecially will aftbord you 
 the pleafure (MF a world of learned Ledtures in this kinde. 
 
 The ufe of thefe old memorials tends to the illuftration 
 of Hiftorie, and of the antiquitie of divers matters, 
 places, and Cities, which otherwife would be obfcure, if 
 not altogether unknowne unto us. I will give you the 
 next at hand for example. Vpon a reverfe of Kerva wee 
 finde a teame of Horfes let loofe, with this Inlcription. 
 Vehiculatione per Jtaliam rtmijfa. Whereby wee learne 
 (which no Hillorian remembers) that the Romane Em- 
 perours did command all the carriages of the Countrey 
 every where; that Nerva did remit that burthen and 
 acquitted them of it ; and that this grievance was fo 
 heauy, that Coynes were ftamped in remembrance of 
 the Emperours goodnefTe that eafed them of it. 
 of ci»yne«. I come to the laft of our feled Antiquities, Coynes. 
 
 They are much eafier to come-by, than either Statues or 
 Infcriptions: firft, in regard of their numerous quantitie: 
 and fecondly, by reafon of their fmall bulke, which 
 make the purchafe cheaper, and the carriage lighter. 
 Thofc I intend to handle, are Hebrew, Greeke, and Latine. 
 Of thefe,divers learned menhave treated; chiefly, Budau/^ 
 ylgrico/a, Alctat, Carolus Mol'tufus Hotomannut^ Dt- 
 dam Covarruvias^ Wtlletrordus Snellius^ and EdovarJtu 
 
 Brere- 
 
of Antiquities, \ \ 3 
 
 Brerevjood. Thefe Authors treat of the fcverall Species 
 or kinds of old Coynes, and of their weight and value in 
 monevcs of thefe times. There arc others that have col- 
 le<acd and reprefentedthe ftamps, that is, the Figures and 
 Infcriptions of all the individual! or fevcrall pecces that 
 ever they faw or read of. Such are GoltzJus for Grcekc 
 peeces, Fulviui yrfiniu for Confulars, Oceo for Imperials. 
 And for the rates at which they are now bought and fold 
 in Germany, Huljius. To thefe I adde Savot his Dil- 
 courfe des MedatUes^ which excels for the materiall part 
 or mettle of old Coynes. And for any thing omitted 
 by the reft I will deliver the fumme of what thefe have 
 of the fcverall fpccics of thefe old moneys, but the ftudy 
 of individuals, I will leave to your owne reading and 
 handling. 
 
 A Shekel with its parts were the only fdver Coynes Hebrew- 
 the Hebrewes had of their owne : and therefore it is fomc- c^y"". 
 times abfolutely called Kefeph filver, as you may tinde in 
 Gen. lo. Id. and 25. and 43. ii. and 2 Sam. 18. 11, ii. 
 It was two-fold J for there was a Shekel of the Sanftuary, 
 and another called the Kings Shekel^ or the Publike or 
 common Shekel. 
 
 The Shekell of the Sanduary, weighed exadly halfe silver, 
 an ounce. It fhewed on the one fide ^s fomc Antiqua- ^ 
 rics fay) the VelTell of Manna that was kept in the Arkc, ^'"^'"'y- 
 with thefe words Shekel Ifrael^ that is the Shekel of Ifrael] 
 and on the other fide, Aarons rod budded and blowne 
 with this infcription lerufcalaim Kedofah, that is lerul 
 falem the Holy. It was worth halfe a crowne of our 
 money. 
 
 The Kings Shekel was worth halfe a Shekell of the rl.c Kings 
 Sari(fluary,fiftccne pence of our money: and had the fame shcM. 
 fiimpc with the former. Of thefe Alchazar, Vilalpandnt., 
 Chokier^ and IViferus have written, who tell us alio of a 
 brafle Shekel bearing the figures of a fprig of Balme-tree, 
 and of a Palme tree : and of another of filver with a Tower 
 
 PFA-HAM I on 
 
11^ of Antiquities, 
 
 on it, and thclc words. King David and his Oninc Salomon. 
 Item, they fay that in the time of luUus the fccond, and 
 I.eo tlic tenth, Popes, two otlicr Coynes were found with 
 our Saviours Head u\yon ihcm, & Hebrew words lifrnify- 
 ing, The anointed King is come in Peace. God was maile 
 man. And the Light of man was made Life. But thclc 
 are manifdlly faHe, faith Savot^ and I thinke fo too; nay, 
 I bclccvc with him that thofe ftamps alfo before men- 
 tioned and all Hebrew Coynes that Antiquaries Ihcw us 
 arc luipicious, and that there rcmaineth not a true SAf**/ 
 to be fecnc any where, though BenediSius Arias Movtanus 
 will needs perfwadc us he had an Authcntique one, in his 
 polTelTion. For no ancient Hiftorian remembers what 
 were the rtamps of any Hebrew Shekel. And thole oltl 
 Charadters of the forefaid Shekels (which they fay are old 
 Samaritane letters) have no relation to any other Charac- 
 ters knownc to the learned in all the Eaiferne tongues; 
 and how then can thefe Antiquaries lb readily confider 
 them? And yet certainely there were coyn-d Shtkeh, 
 though they cannot warrantably be dcfcribcd. 
 
 There was alfo the third and fourth part of a Shekel. 
 Gherah, Agorah, and Kejhitah were all of one value, bcmg 
 the twentieth part of a Shekel^ and in our money three 
 halfe pence. K(Jhitah lignificth a Lambe, bccaufe it had 
 a Lanibe upon it. , , • , . 
 
 . „f A Shekel of gold, called alfo fometimcs Zahab^ weighed 
 
 Gold.' equally with the common Shekel of filvcr, a quarter 
 
 liiJg. 8. zc. jjf- ^„ ounce, and worth of our money leventccne Ihillings 
 and lixepence, at the rate of three pound ten iluUings an 
 ounce : for the allay or intrinftc value of all old gold is 
 equall to our Angel gold, or rather to our old Rol"c-nob!cs 
 (if not better) which arc of 13 carats and three graincs 
 hnenefle. 
 
 \Vc readc alfo of Adarcm.^ Ez^ra 8. 17- ^^d of Drakmon^ 
 Ezra 1. 6i). and in other places. Both of them of equal! 
 value with the Shekel of gold aforefaid ; but queftion- 
 
 Icflc 
 
Of yliitiqnhics. \ I ^ 
 
 Icdc they were forrainc, as their very names doc in- 
 timate. For Adarcon Cctnus tu bee a pcccc o\ Darius^ 
 whofe Coynes were called (as PL.tarch witncdttli in itr ,i.i„ 
 the life of" Artaxerxts) Darius^ btcaul'c thty bare liis 
 image ti'tii' one litli (o'th' other an Archer) And Draknun 
 might be an /Egyptian Coyne. 
 
 Now for the Summcs of the Hcbrcwes. Their AW»4of 
 M'nia of Colli contained twohiindreti Antiijuc drammcs 
 that is 15 ounces, or, yo ihekels after the weight of the 
 Sanduary, or 100 gold fliekels, and therefore was worth 
 in llcrlin mony .S:*. I. 10, s. 
 
 The Mhia of iilver was of 60 facred (helccls, or of a Ui;, . . ; 
 two pound and halfc weight, and worth fcven pound ^' " ' 
 tcnne fhiliings. Kuk.4M2. 
 
 A Talent ofl.lvcr contained ^000 (hekcls, or iiy. 1. a Talent of 
 weight, which is in ilcrlin mony alter the rate of s.per '•'^«•''• 
 ounce, or 1. itcrl. for i. 1. Troy weight, 37^. I. 
 
 A Talent of gold after the rate of the Sandtuary, and of Gold, 
 as Mofet reckoneth it, was as much as the filver in weight, 38- »f- 
 and therefore after the rate of 5. I. lo. s. in the ounce 
 Troy, was worth in our mony ^lyo. 1. In this and other 
 calculations of gold, I differ from Brerezuood who efti- 
 mateth old gold but at 3. 1. an ounce, but the touchllone 
 doth fliew it better than fo, and Goldfmiths will give 
 5. 1. ic. ?. for it. 
 
 I am of opinion that after Mofes his time, when Kings 
 began to rcigne over Ifracll, and fo forward, they did 
 cfHmatc a talent of filver after the rate of the vulgar 
 llickell, and fo it was worth 187. 1. 10. ■ llerl. And it 
 is likely alfo that a Talent of golc* was not worth much 
 more than the Talent of gold in Creec -d otherwhere, 
 vvhicii Pollux laith, was three peeces of gold, & fo it was 
 worth z. 1. 12. s. 6. d. ftcrl. And whofoever (hall well 
 confider (as Brrrfti W doth) that place in the, i Chro. 21. 
 14. will rind that, unltllc wee come to thele 1. .1 rates, 
 thofe fummes of gold and fdver which David lef t for the 
 
 I 1 building 
 
Crcvkr c<i, n -J. 
 
 A Orj r»me. 
 
 A Didrummi 
 
 A Tn ir»mm; 
 
 Ottlm. 
 
 DItlitlm. 
 
 i\6 Oj Ant'tquitirs, 
 
 builiiing of the Temple, will exceed in ill likclyluxxi lus 
 ribility, and the workc it fclfc, thois h x\\ the wais ll.ould 
 have bcenc made of Silver. Ani- lo much lor Hebrew 
 Coynes and furnmes. 
 
 The Grttkc loUow. Ana l)ecaule - a Grce»i« 
 Autlior mentions a dramme abiulutely, vs a . out namint 
 mv place or countrcy with it. he mcancth the Attiqui 
 ' will U rin wit . it, and m = it the foundation, and 
 ^ round ot i\\ Grceke money. 
 
 The Attique dramme had oii it tin gti of t. burning 
 I anipc (iacred to Mmerva) with thv woi\i (-,,(, ^^(j. 't 
 w.is the eig.ith part of an ounce, and worth 7. ^. )b. 
 fterl. 
 
 Didr.^ nium^k i llcd alio /.'" fbtciufc it had the ftamp 
 cf a bu. upon 1. ) was it co^ aed by TkeJ'eus in memo; 
 of the Marat honian bull which hc killed. It is two dramme: 
 
 and therefore ^<^. u: our Tioncy. 
 
 T'-:.tr,} hmumvixsz '.^(.xlc of I rec' d nine; wort 
 
 S. 
 
 \r. iter'. 
 
 Stater i Ittradr.. " , foure dramme.-, had t it 
 the head Kii M'tntrxu, ( viicuce it was alio called «•« 1 
 anit Kopi], an on thi everle art Owle, wht ticf grtj^ i; c 
 Proverbc. Owks to Athens. 
 
 The Coynes under a dramme, or rather tl irtf ' here- 
 of, -eri 
 
 OboU. ^ott iiifc itcarryedthefor; 
 fo called) wj- ti fixth part of a u 
 
 a penny farthi 
 
 4ue 
 ny. 
 
 Sem'wholus^ hait 
 
 an obolus^ 
 
 liflK 
 
 D oholus (or D 
 may terminate.) 
 the reverfe an Owle 
 
 olum^ 
 
 I'he n ■: 
 
 for fo ai. 
 J jrt t ' 
 It was s<. 
 
 X 
 i..ved 
 
 h two pe. 
 
 penny. 
 
 Tr'.otoluiy wit 
 three pence, i' 
 
 the iace of lupiter 
 was hi'fe a drammi 
 
 ai?- 
 , worth 
 'etrotolut 
 
of tiqu 'ttics. \ \ j 
 
 UfittTS head on th' one fide, and two TartMm. 
 { )wlc8 on the other, worth * fterl. 
 
 Thcfc ucri tlu- Attiquc Coynes in Silver. 
 The ^g/n in drarrmew s worth lo Attiquc obols, 
 ar. of 0!.r mony n. ob. nd the obols thereof were 
 
 5 c . ia» Stater was worth one and twenty ' v . .cc StMf 
 V. • u thing. 
 
 ' { «></o)r/M Stattr was .>r th hard upcm two M4re.<M 
 ' pence halfe penny. 
 '» tr ferftan Sigle -wi. worth tcnnc pet i CO. jm "^iriUmm. 
 horu n ^y/tfw coync, fo ca !cd bccauiV it 
 K . rciti . a ma icaring a pannier, was worth nccrc 
 ! ' m fiue pence. 
 
 '^anacty Charoms fare, al^out ■ ie penny. 
 ^reolum was an Attiquc br. Fe Coyne of an ounce ^r»i» 
 weight worth two graincs of u, and therefore ot 
 Phylitians called Chalati. It va o lixt part of an «/ 
 and worth lefle than a farthi - was alfo called ot>olut 
 tnatut. 
 
 Dichalcimy therefore was be. a farthing. 
 
 Minutum or Xewrrfv, the fcvc of /Ertolum, Unriv. 
 
 The Golden Attiquc Stan A two dr.mmes, a w of 
 
 and therefore worth as much as oldeu Shekel. 17. Gold. 
 6. d. 
 
 Sem'iflater aitrm weighed one dramme, and was worth. 
 8. s. 5>. d. 
 
 The Tetrafiaterium was rather a weight or fum than a 
 coyne (as Brerevjood fuppofcth.) It was an ounce of gold 
 
 and thercfo ■ . orth. ^, J. 10. s. 
 
 The Maiedoman Stater weighed fon.cwl .it more than 
 the Attique, and therefore worth hard u^ t 10. s. 
 
 The Baric and Cixycen Staters were equail each o> them 
 with the Attiquc, or very little better. 
 
 Tlic Greeke fummes were a Mina and a Talent. crecke fum*. 
 
 Mina containes 100 drammes of the fame country, a m/m. 
 
 of 
 
n 8 Of Antiquities, 
 
 of which the Mi»a is, and is the fixtieth part of its 
 Talent : fo that the Attiquc Miua was worth, 3. 1. x. s. 
 6. d. 
 
 A Taivu. A Talent contained 60 Minos of its owne country, or 
 
 (Sooo drammcs. 
 
 There were two Attiquc Talents, the greater and 
 lefler. 
 
 The IclTer was of 6000 drams, and therefore worth 
 .187. 1. 10. s. 
 
 In all Authors if a Talent be put abfolulely and witb- 
 out any other circumfi mce, this lefTer Attiquc is meant. 
 
 The great Attique Talent as alfo the Egyptian con- 
 tained 8000 Attique drammes, and was worth ?.^o. 
 pound fterlin. 
 
 The Syrian Talent, 1500 Attique drammes,' 
 1. 17. s. 6. d. 
 
 The Euboique Talent, +000 Attiquc drammes, 
 115. 1. o. s. o. d. 
 
 The Rhodian Talent, 4500 Attique drammes, 
 14,0. 1. IX. s. 6. d. 
 
 The Babylonian Talent, 7000 Attique drammes, 
 ai8. 1. 15-. s. o. d. 
 
 The yEginaean Talent, 10000 Attique drammes, 
 311. 1. 10. s. o. d. 
 
 The Alexandrian Talent, iiooo Attique drams, 
 37^. 1. o. s. o. d. which was alio the value of the 
 Mofaique Talent. ' 
 
 There were alfo in fome countreys very fmall fummcs 
 which they called Talents, but improperly : for 
 
 The Sicilian Talent of old was worth about 3. s. 9. d. 
 and The Neapolitan as much. Item, the later Sicilian 
 and Syracufan Talent was worth, i.s. ic. d. ob. And the 
 TaUntum Rheginum, 3. d. ob. q. as PoI/kx and Su/Jm fay. 
 
 Laftly, they tell us alio that there was a Talent, called, 
 not plainly a Talent (tor then the Silver one was meant) 
 but a Talent of Gold, which (as I faid before) contained 
 
 three 
 
 } fterl. 
 
of Antiquities. 1 1 9 
 
 three Staters of gold, x. I. ix. s. 6. d. ftcrJ. So that wee 
 muft diftinguifli betweene a Silver Talent in Gold, and 
 a Talent of Gold, as we may plainly fee in Flautus in 
 Truculento. Hem tihi talentum argenti ; Vhilippkum ejl^ 
 tene tih't. Heere hce meaneth a lilver Attiqut talent of 
 the lefler fort in Philippiaa gold Staters. 
 
 I come laftly to the Romane Coynes, and begin with Romanc 
 Braflc ones. izoyn^s. 
 
 As^ quafttesy had firft the ftampc of a Sheepe on the 
 one fide, and an Oxe on th'other, whence it was called 
 pecunia. Pliny faith, that in the firft Pujiic warre it was 
 reduced to the weight of two ounces (having beene be- 
 fore of a pound weight), and fuch a one I have in my 
 ownc poflellion. Afterwards it was brought to an ounce, 
 and laft of all to halfe an ounce, where it refted, till the 
 Emperours came in, who flirunke them to a quarter of an 
 ounce. It was worth a halfe penny farthing. And it is 
 difcerned by this figure r. With the head or prowe of a 
 Ship on the tra\Lrfe; and lanus bijrons on the forepart; 
 for lb they were Itampcd in later times, the former ftampe 
 of cattle being grownc out of date. There was alfo a 
 peece of filver of the fame value with Ajlis^ and called 
 llheUa. 
 
 Smtffis or Semiel/a, quafi femi-ajps^ and fetni-Ubella^ Semielia. 
 was diftinguidied by the letter S. with Romulus his head 
 on the forepart, and the forepart of a Gaily on the other 
 fide with the word Roma underneath. Varro faycs there 
 were fome femiella of later times Coyncd of lilver. It 
 was better than a farthing of our money. 
 
 'Iriefis^ the third part of an a/lis^ a farthing worth. Trimi. 
 
 ^iuadransy the fourth part of lellc than a farthing, e^ufirM,. 
 of old called triuncis and Teruncius becaufe it comprehended 
 three ounces. And becaufe it had the figure of a Lighter 
 or Boats head upon itj which in Latine is called rates^ 
 it was called Ratitus. 
 
 Sextans f the fixth part of aj^s, halfe a farthing. Sextant, 
 
 Fncia 
 
Sextul: 
 
 Dufmdiu 
 
 120 Of j4ntiquuies. 
 
 Vncia the ii* part of and Semmeia halfe fo much. 
 
 Sextula the fixth part of an ounce. 
 All thcfe forcnamed pceccs were lefle than affis. Above 
 it, were 
 
 Dupondius^ fo called bccaufc a/Jts was upiim pondo 
 and dupondius was two, and marked therefore with 
 
 ir. 
 
 Silver Coynes. Varro xelltth US of Decujfis, Vicefts^ Trtceffis and 
 CentuJJis. It may bee fomc of thefe bralTe peeces 
 aforcfaid nad their equals in filver of the fame name. 
 But thofe that were properly filvcr, were thefe follow- 
 ing. 
 
 D«i4r,w. Denarius^ fo called, bccaufe it was worth Icnnc (rffes^ 
 
 and in the twelve firft Emperours time it weighed 
 exadly an Attique dramme, and was worth of our 
 money fevcn pence halfe penny. The Confular peeces 
 have ufually Romes head on the one fide with the word 
 Roma, and the number X, being the marke of a Denarius : 
 and on the reverfe l>ig<e or quadriga, whence alfo it waj 
 called Bigatus and auadrigatus, and underneath was the 
 name of the ConfuU in whofe time it was Coyned. 
 Thefe coafulars were fomcwhat heavier than the fore- 
 faid Imperials J but the later Imperials doe wondroufly 
 degenerate from both, in weight and fineneffc of allay, 
 and in workcmanfliip alfo. The Imperials fliewed on 
 the forepart the Emperours Head with his Infcription, 
 and on the reverfe fome Altar, Triumphal! Arch-tcmple, 
 or fome other memoriall as bcft pleafed him. 
 
 Sm-MTiiu. §uitiarius, a halfe denarius, three pence three farthings, 
 
 was alfo called Viaoriatus^ becaufe it had ufually the figure 
 of vidiory on it. Its marke was V. 
 
 Stfl^m,. Sejlertius, i'o called becaufe it was worth halfe a f«r/- 
 
 TtariuSj or duos ajfes cum dimidiOy quafi fefquitertius, the 
 fourth part of a denarius, two pence wanting halfe i 
 farthing, and was marked thus HS. By this coyne the 
 Romans ufcd moftljr to make up and reckon their ac- 
 counts. 
 
of Antiquities, 1 2 1 
 
 counts, and therefore it is exprefled in many places of 
 
 good Authors by the word Nummus abfolutcly. It had 
 
 anciently the figures of Cafior and Pollux on it. But Pliny i a. 34. 4. 
 
 teacheth us that the Sefiertius was alfo of braflc, and that 
 
 of the bcfl:, which they called Marcian, and our vulgar 
 
 Antiquaries fuppofe to be Corinthian^ and weighed about 
 
 an ounce. 
 
 Oholus (faith Celfus) was cquall to the Atticke o^V, Gold, 
 being the lixt part of a denarius^ and therefore a pcnnv 
 farthing Englidi. ' 
 
 The Aureus varied as the denarius citd. F(^r the rirft jiunm. 
 Imperials weigh about two drammes, double the weight 
 of a denarius f and worth 17. s. (J. d. of our money. The 
 Confulars are two or three fliillings better. The later 
 pceccs which began in Alexander Severus hiz- time were Semijft,. 
 reduced to halfe an aureus^ and then to a third, and 
 therefore called Semijjis aureiy and TremiJJis aurei or Triens : Tntrnffit. 
 the Semijjis weighing a dram worth eight fliillings nine 
 pence, the Tremijjis five fliillings ten pence. Whereupon 
 the old Imperialls, and Confulars were called SoUdi. 
 There was alfo a Scruple of gold worth about two Scnfidwm. 
 niillings three pence. 
 
 After the Empire was tranflated to Conftantinople, 
 other coynes with other names were minted, as ; 
 
 JV/7/<7r///«OT,weighing two drammes, andworth i. s.^.d. MiiUnfium. 
 
 Ceration or Siliqua^ of the weight of a dramme, worth. 
 7. ob. 
 
 FolJis a brafle coync, fo called bccaufe it was thinne like f«««. 
 a leafc, worth neerc upon a halfe penny. 
 
 The Romane fummes were. Romane rumi. 
 
 Sefiertium, It comprehended one thoufand fejlerties^ SOfmUm. 
 that is feven pound fixteene fliillings three pence. And 
 heere I will give a note, concerning the Romane fafhion 
 of accounting by fefierties. For decern J'efierttj are tcnnc 
 fefierties^ decern jefiertium are ten thoufand fefierties^ decies 
 fefiertiitm are 1000000 fefimies. 
 
12 2 Of Antiquities. 
 
 , P.«i, Likra or Vondo, contained I J ounces of lilvcr, that is 
 r.«i.. ^i^^^^,, ^^^j^^ Emperours, and was worth of fterlin 
 
 money three pounds. 
 r4/,«rK«. r4/f»/«;w, 1+ fefterua, that is z+coo /f/?fr/j/, or dooo 
 
 of the fbrcfaid denarij the fame with the Attiquc, and 
 therefore worth 187. 1. lo.s. For tlic Romanes borrowed 
 their Talents, -M/»^V, and drammes of the Grecians, 
 and thefe their pound and ounce of the Romanes, as Galm 
 confelTeth. . . 
 
 Sportula was a fmall fumme of money contaming 100 
 ■ auadrantes, or 10 feperti' ; which great men gave to each 
 
 of their followers and iervants in licw ot a plenti»ull 
 fupper upon fomc occaiion or other. It was worth of our 
 money ninetcene pence wanting a farthing, just a cardccu, 
 or French quartcr-crowne. 
 
 Thus much ot the fpecies or kinds of Hebrew, Grecke, 
 and Latinc Coynes, and their fummes. I will now give 
 you a few examples of the benefit and ule of them. 
 G,n X, , T Abraham bought the Field, Cave, and Trees of Mack- 
 
 pelah for 400 Shekels, that is tor 1. ftcrl. 
 Exod Moles made the golden CandlciUcke with his leven 
 
 H Lamps, SimfFcrs, and Snuflc-diflics of a Talent of pure 
 
 Gold, that is five thoufand two hundred fiftie pounds 
 fterlin. , „ . ... 
 
 X Sam zfi. Ahfoloms haire which he yeerely polled, weighed aoo 
 Shekels after the Kings weightj that is, foure pounds two 
 ounces Troy-weight, , . • a 
 
 Mad. z6 If. For thirtie peeces of filvcr ludas betrayed his Malkr, 
 the Saviour of the world ; that is, for three pounds fittcenc 
 fliilliiigs of our money. For I faid before that by a pcccc 
 of filver the lewes meane a Shekel, and therefore Eujehius 
 re nde rsth is pi ace of Matt hew^very well,rpi<iKOj;Ta oroTiVas, 
 inftead of rptaKorra a/)yv/;iG. ., ., u- 
 
 Tlut.in Urn. The Revenue of the Romanes was by Mtthrtdates his 
 overthrow iiicreal'ed 8500 myriades. Obfervc that the 
 Greekcs when they number without naming the Ipccics 
 
 of 
 
of Antiquities. 123 
 
 of money, they meane dramincs ; for they reckon by 
 drammcs as the Romanes by feiUrtics. &> then 8yoo 
 myriads of drammes (a myriad is 10000) arc 2^^614.8. 1, 
 of EnglHh money : Whereas their Revenue before that 
 time was but ycoo myriades, that is, ly^o+pp I. Ikrl. So 
 that now their intire revenue was yeerely, 411874,7. 1. 
 
 ftCi" 
 
 I'he pearle which Cleopatra diflblvcd in vincgcr, and T/w. /. 9 f. h- 
 drank off at a draught was eftimated centies Sejiertium^ in 
 figures to be exprefled thus, 10000000 Seftcrties, that 
 is 7812^. I, ftcrlin. 
 
 Thus may you reduce all other fummcs in any old 
 Author to what fpedes or kind of money you pleale. 
 
 And by this time you may perceive that without this 
 money-learning, you muft be forced to balke the moft 
 material! parages of ancient Hiftory. For what is there 
 in the affaires and occurrences oFthis world, that can bee 
 thought more materiall or worthier our paufc and conli- 
 deration, than money, the price of all things, and the 
 chiefe commander in warres or peace ? 
 
 Finally there is alfo much learned pleafure and delight 
 in the contemplation of the feverail figures ftamped on 
 each fide of thefe Antique Coynes. 1 will let paffe the 
 content a man has to fee, and handle the very fame indi- 
 viduall things which were in ufe fo many ages agoe: for 
 bookes and hiffories and the like are but copycs of Anti- 
 quity bee they never fo truely defcended unto us : but 
 coynes are the very Antiquities themfclves. But would 
 you fee a patterne of the Ropts or funerall pile burnt at 
 the canonization of the Romane Emperors? would you 
 fee how the Augurs Hat, and Vtuus were made? Would 
 you fee the true and undoubted modells of their Temples, 
 Alters, Deities, Columnes, Gates, Arches, Aquxduds, 
 Bridges, Sacrifices, Veffels, Sella Curules, Enfignes and 
 Standards, Navall and murall Crownes, Amphytheaters, 
 Circi, Bathes, Chariots, Trophies, Ancilia, and a thou- 
 
 fand 
 
1 24 Drayphijr^ Linming^ and Painting. 
 fand things more; Rcpare to the old coyncs,and you fliall 
 find them, and all things clfe that ever they did, made, or 
 ufed, there fluU you fee thciu ccllcntly and lively re- 
 prefentcd. Befidcs, it is i.o Imai latisfaittion to an ingc- 
 nuous eye to contemplate the fact and heads, and in them 
 the Chanctcrs of all thct . mous i^mperours, Captaines 
 and illultrious men whofc actions will bee ever admired, 
 both for thcmfelves, and the learning of the pennes that 
 writ them. 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 
 Of Drawing. Limning., and Painting: with 
 the lives of the famous Italian 
 Painters. 
 
 Since Ariftotle numbreth Graphice^ generally taken, 
 for whatfoever is done with the Pen or Pencill (as 
 writing faire, Drawing, Limning and Painting) a- 
 mongft thofe his 7rai8ei;VaTa, or generous Pradices of 
 youth in a well governed Common-wealth : I am bound 
 alfo to ^ve it you in charge for your excrcife at leafure, 
 it being a quality mod commendable, and fo many wayes 
 ufcfull to a Gentleman. For fliould you (if neceflity re- 
 quired) be employed for your Countries fervice in fol- 
 lowing the warre, you can defcribe no plot, manner of 
 fortification, forme of BattaUia^ fituation of Towne, 
 Caftle, Fort, Haven, Hand, courfe of River, pafTagc 
 thorow Wood, Mariflij over Rocke, Mountaine, &c. 
 (which a difcreet Generall doth not alwayes commit 
 to the eye of another) without the helpe of the fame. 
 The manifold In all Mathcmaticall Demonftrations, nothing is more 
 ufe of painting required in ourtravaile in fbrraine Regions. It bringeth 
 or Limning, hojrie with vs from the fartheft part of the world in our 
 bofomes, whatfoever is rare and worthy the obfervancc, 
 as the generall Mappe of the Country, the Rivers, 
 
 Harbours, 
 
of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 1 2 f 
 
 Harbours, Havens, Promontories, &c. within the 
 Landfcap, of faire Hils, fruitfijll ' s: the formes 
 and colours of all Fruits, fevera^- :uties of their 
 Flowers ; of medicinable Simples 1. :v jcfore fecne or 
 heard of: the orient Colours, and avely Pidturcs of 
 their Birds, the lhape of their Beafts, Fillies, Wormcs, 
 Flyes, &c. It prefents our eyes with the Complexion, 
 Manner, and their Attyre. It Ihewes us the Rites of 
 their Religion, their Houfes, their Weapons, and man- 
 ner of Warre. Befide, it preferveth the memory of a 
 dcarell Friend, or faireft Miftrcflc. And fincc it is 
 onely the imitation of the furface of Nature, by it as in 
 a b(X)ke of golden and rare-limmed Letters, the chiefe 
 end of it, wee rcadc a continuall Ledture of the Wife- 
 dome of the Almightie Creator, by beholding even in lob. 39. ij. 
 the feather of the feacocke a * Miracle, as ArifttitU * 
 
 faith. ffT^f. 
 
 And that you fliould not elleeme bafel) of the pradtife 
 thereof, let me tell you, that in ancient times, Painting 
 was admitted into the firft place among the liberall Arts, 
 and throughout all Greece taught onely to the children of 
 Noble men in the Schooles, and altogether fortudden to 
 be taught to fcrvants or Haves. 
 
 In no lefle hcmour and eftecme was it held among the 
 Romanes, as we finde in Vl'my and many others who 
 every where advance the Profellbrs j and the dignitie of 
 the pradtife thereof nothing bafe or fervile, fince one of 
 the moft Noble Families m Rome^ the Fabij thought 
 themfclvc - much honoured by the addition of that Sir- 
 name P/V?or. For the firft of that name, although he was 
 molt lionourably defcendcd, honoured with many Titles, 
 ConfuHhips and Triumphes, excellently learned in 
 the lawes, and befide accounted in the number of the 
 Orators of his time; yet he thought liis skill in painting 
 added tothcfe Honours, and his memory would heirc the 
 better of poftcritic, for that he was endued with fo excel- 
 lent 
 
it 
 
 fi 
 li 
 
 1 1 ' , 
 
 126 Of Draivifijr^ Limning, and Painting. 
 lent a qualitic : lor after with his owne hand he had pain- 
 ted the Temple of Salus round about within, and hniUied 
 his workc, he wrote in faire letters in an eminent place. 
 
 Neither was it the cxcrcife of Nobility among the 
 ancients onely, but of late daycs and in our times we Re 
 it praftifed by the grcateft Princes of Europe, without 
 priudice to their Honours. Francis the firit, King of 
 France., was very excellent with his pencill ; and the yer- 
 tuous Margaret Queene of Navarre, beii'ie her excellent 
 veine in Poefie, could draw and limne excellently: the like 
 is reported of Emanuel Duke of Savoy. 
 
 Nor can I overpafle the ingenuity and excellency of 
 many Nobles and Gentlemen of our owne nation herein, 
 of whom I know many: but none in my opinion, who 
 deferveth more rcfped: and admiration for his skill and 
 praftice herein than Mafter Nathaniel Bacon of Broome 
 in Sufolke (younger fonne to the moft Honourable and 
 bountifull minded Sir Nicholas Bacon, Knight, and eldeft 
 Barronet,) not inferiour in my judgement to our skilful- 
 left Maftcrs. But certainely I know not what favoura- 
 ble afped of Heaven that right noble and ancient fan.ly 
 hath which produceth like delicate fruits from one Stem 
 fo many excellent in feve. all qualities, that no one name 
 or family in England can fay the like- , , . . 
 
 Painting is a quality 1 love (I confefle) and admire in 
 others bccaufe ever naturally from a child, 1 have beene 
 addidled t- the pradHce hereof: yet when I was young 
 1 have beene cruelly beaten by ill md ignorant Schook • 
 mafters, when 1 have beene taking, in white and blacke, 
 the countenance of fome one or other (which I could doe 
 at thirteenc and fouretccne yccr-. of age: bcfide the 
 Mappe of any Towne according to vkometricall propor- 
 tion, as I did of Cambridge when 1 was of Trinity Colledge, 
 and a lunior Sophifter,) yet could they never bcate it out 
 of me. 1 remember one Mafter 1 had (and yet living 
 
 not 
 
Of Drawin^^ Limningy and Painting. 127 
 
 not larrc from S. Albaves) tookc me one time draw- 
 ing out with my pcnne that peare-tree and boyes throw- 
 ing at it, at the end of the Latinc Grammar: which hce 
 perceiving in a rage Itrooke me with the great end of the 
 roJdc, and rent my paper, fwcaring it was the oncly way 
 to teach me to robbe Orchards; befide, that I was placed 
 with him to be made a SchoUer and not a Painter, which 
 I was vciy likely to doc ; when I well remember he con- 
 ftrued unto me the beginning of the firlt Ode in Horace^ 
 Edite^ fet ye forth, Mmecnas^ tlic Iports, atavis RegiiuSy 
 of our ancient Kings : but leaving my ingenious Mailer, 
 to our purpole. 
 
 For your firft beginning and entrance in draught, 
 make your hand as ready as you can (without the helpc 
 of your compaflTes) in thofc general! figures of the Circle, 
 ovall, fquare, triangle, cylinder, &c. for thefe are the 
 foundation of all other proportions. As for example, 
 your ovall diredts you in giving a juft proportion to the 
 f ace. Your Square or Cul^e for all manner of ground 
 plots, ibrmes of fortification ; wherein you have no ufe 
 of the Circle at all. Your Circle againc direds you in 
 all orbicular formes whatfoever, and fo forth of the reft. 
 
 Having made your hand fit and ready in gencrall pro- 
 portion, learne to give all bodies their true ihaddowes 
 according to their eminence and concavity, and to heigh- 
 thcn or deepen, as your body appearcth ncerer or farther 
 from the light; which is a matter of great judgement, 
 and indeed the foule (as I may fay) of a pidlure. 
 
 Then learne ail manner of Drapery, that is, to give 
 garments, and all manner of ftuftes, cloth, filke, and 
 linncn their naturall and proper folds; which at the firft 
 will fceme llrange and ditficult unto you, but by imitat- 
 ing the choifeft prints and peeces of the moft judicious 
 Maftcrs, witli your owne obftrvance you will very eafily 
 attainc the skill. But fmce I have already publiflied a 
 booke of Drawing and Umningy wherein I have difcovered 
 
 what- 
 
m 
 
 x^lOert Durtr. 
 
 M>. Ctltvm. 
 
 128 Of Drarvin^^ Limning, and Vaintin^. 
 whatfoever 1 have thought ncceffary to perfection herein : 
 I will rcferre you for farther inftrudHoi to it, and onely 
 here give you the principall Authors for your Imitation. 
 
 Since, as 1 faid, proportion is the principall and chiefc 
 thing you are firft to learne, 1 commend unto you lliat 
 Prince of Painters and Graund-mailer Albert Durer,who 
 btlide that his peeccs lor proportion and drapery arc the 
 bcft that arc, hee hath written a very learned booke ol 
 and propt)rtions, which hath beene lince 
 
 Symmetry 
 tranllated 
 
 lUn: Holben. 
 
 * He I'a ■■ ntid 
 till- (.lupivll 
 at wluu-Hall, 
 and S. l:>ncs. 
 ■JjM. of 
 
 I .)t>«rM< riling 
 from the dead, 
 &c. Wi-rtf his. 
 
 tranllated out of high Dutch'into Latine. And though 
 his peeces have beene long fince worne out of prefle, yet 
 you may happen upon them among our skilful! painters j 
 v/hich if you can get reafonab'y, keepe them as jewels, 
 fince I beleevc you Hull never lee their like: they 
 feeme old, and commonly are marked with a great D 
 in an A. 
 
 For a bold touch, variety of pofturc, curious and true 
 lhaddow, imitate Go/tziusj his prints arc commoaly to 
 be had in Popes-head-alley. Himfelfe was living at my 
 lall: being in the Low Countries at Harleti: but by reafon 
 of the loflc of one of his cycs,hc.hath given over etchingc ' 
 in copper, and altogether exercifeth his pcncill in oyle. 
 
 The pceces of Michael Avgelo are rare and very bird 
 to be come by. Himfelfe lived in Rome, and was while 
 hee lived efteemcd the beft Painter in Europe, as verily it 
 fecmeth by tliat his famous peece of the lajl judgement^ in 
 the Popes Chappcll, being accounted one of the beft in 
 the world. 
 
 Hans Holhen was likewife an excellent Mafter, he lived 
 in tiic time of King Henry the eight, and was emploied 
 by him againlt the comming of the Empcrour Charles 
 the into England": I have feene many peeces of his in 
 oylc, and one of his owne draught with a penne, a moft 
 curious chimncy-peecc K. Hwry had befpoke for his new 
 built p*c= at Br,W. ^ 
 
 ' crchingc] a Hinge i66i. 
 
j 
 
 Of Dm wi/f^y Limning, and Painting. 1 2 9 
 
 Of latter tiiiits and in our age the workcs of ShaJan. u^n. A*4<«, 
 IVierix^ anil my honcft loving friend Cr/V//» Je Pas of 
 
 rtrecht arc of moll: price, thclc cut to the life, a thing Cri^in <U r^ff,. 
 pradtiitil hut of late yearcs : tiuir pieces will bell inllrudt 
 you in the countenance, for the naturall lhadowes there- 
 of, the caft and forme of the eye, the touch of the mruth, 
 the true fall, turning and curling of tiie haire, for ruftcs. 
 Amor, &c. 
 
 When you are fomcwhat ready in your draught (for 
 which you muft provide pens made of Ravens quils, blacke 
 lead, dry pencils made of what colour you pleafe by 
 grinding it with ilrong wort, and then rowling it up 
 pcncill-wife, and fo let it dry) get my booke, entituled 
 the Grvtltm^ns Exercife^ which will teach you the ufc and 
 ordering of all manner of colours for Limning, as how to 
 make any one colour what you pleafe by the compofition 
 of many, as a Scarlet, Carnation, FIame-co!our, all man- 
 ner of Greenes for Leaves or Banckes, Purples for the 
 breake of tiie morning, the Violet, the Hyacinth, &c. all 
 manner of changeable colours in garments of Silke, 
 brownes and blackes for haire colours, the colours of 
 barkes of Trees, the Sea, Fountaincs, Rockes, Fltfli- 
 colours or Carnations for the face and complexion with 
 the manner of preparing your card, in briefc whatlocver 
 is needful to be known of a piadtitioner. Now having 
 your colou s in their Ihels finely ground and wallied, and 
 variety of pencils great and fmall, begin firll to wadi over 
 lor plaine printes, then after to imitate to the life (xc- 
 coivitng unto my directions in that bookc :) wherein by 
 degrees you will take incredible delight, & furniili your 
 conccipts & elevices of Emblems^ ylna^ams^ and the like 
 with bodies at your pleafure, without being beholden to 
 fome deare and nice profelTed Artift. 
 
 Painting in Oyle is done I con fe lie with greater iudge- of painting 
 ment, and is generally of more elfceme then working in c>yi«.-. 
 water colours j but then it is more Mcchanique and will 
 
 PMCHAM K rd>bc 
 
130 Of Drawing, Limning, and Painting^. 
 
 robbc you of over much time from your more excellent 
 lludics, it being Tomctimc a fortnight or a moncth ere you 
 can fiiiiili an onMnary pcccc. I have knowne Michael 
 lanjfdl Delf m HoLunJ^ the moft excellent Painter of all 
 the Low-Countries, to have ! ccnc (at times), . whole 
 halfe yeere alxjut a picture, yet jn the end to have blurred 
 it out (as It is his manner) for lome fmall difrefemblancc, 
 either in the eye or mouthj lo curious is the workunan- 
 ^ Ihip to doe it well : belide, oyle nor oylc -colours, it thev 
 drop upon apparcll, wil not out; vAxen water-colours will 
 with the iealt walliing. But lell you llxuild thinkc n 
 ignorant or envious, 1 will not conccalc from you the 
 manner of working herein, and though it may be you 
 dial! not prailtifc it, it may profit others 
 of preparing Firlt, fof your table whereupon to draw your pidure, 
 your table f!r plane it Very even, and with Size (made of glue Icxidcn 
 
 anoylepiaure. f^-^^ ^j^^ gj^^ dinoKcd) min- 
 
 g. ' and heat with Spanifli white rinely ground, white it 
 over ; then let it di y, then wnite it over againc, and fo 
 the ^h ird time, then being diy, fcrajie it '-ery even with a 
 Iharpc Knife till it be fmooth, then prime with red lead 
 or fomc other colour, which being dry, draw your pidure 
 out upon it with a peece of chaike, pencill ot coale; laltly, 
 with blacke lead ; fo lay on your colours. 
 
 Grind all your colours in Linfecdc oylc, fa- when 
 you grindeyour white for rulFes and linnenj then ule the 
 
 •The fitter for oylc of Walnuts, for • Linfeede oyle will turne yelJowilh. 
 
 our yellow Having all your colours ready ground, with your pallet 
 
 **■ on the thumbe of your left hand, and pencils for every 
 
 colour, in the fame lay your colours upon your pallet 
 thur : firlt, your white Lead, then Lake, Ivoric blacke, 
 Sea-coale blacke (as you fee the coiiipiexion), Lampe 
 blacke, umber for the haire, red Lead, yellow Oaker, 
 V'crdigrt ace; then your BIcwes, Mafticot and Pinke, the 
 rcll at your plcafure, mixing them on the other lide of 
 the pallet at your plcafure. 
 
 To 
 
Of Drniv///^, Limninv^ a- 7 Painting. \ 3 i 
 
 To l)cgin a Picture, full draw the L vc, the white there- 
 of make of white Lead with a little Charcoalc black; 
 having tiniihed it, leave from the other Kyc the diftancc 
 o( ail i'.ye, then draw the proportion of the Nolc, tlie 
 compallc ot the Face, after that make the Mouth, the 
 Earc, the Hairc, &c. 
 
 After you have made the white of the Eyes, and pro- 
 portion of the Nofc, &c. lay your Carnation or Flefli 
 cokxir over the Face, cafting in here and there feme 
 fliadowes which worke in with the flcfli cdour by degrees. 
 Your fltdi-colour is commonly compounded of wiiite 
 lead, lake, and vermilion, but you may heighthen or 
 deepen it at your pleafure. 
 
 Til en fliadow the face all over as you fee caufc, and 
 finilh the Kofc, compafling the tip of it with fomc darke 
 or light reddifli fhadow. 
 
 Tlie fliaddowes for your face arecompoundcd commonly 
 of Ivory ; !.ickc, white Lead, Vermilion, Lake, Sca-coalc 
 blic!.. . &c. 
 
 'Il ',a Jdow your cheekcs and lips (with the mouth. 
 ftroV^. -nakc of Lake only) with Vermilion and 
 
 Lak'. ... mixed together. 
 
 No I, *; I :ie Circles of the Eys. i or the gray Eye, 
 take Charcoale blacke and white ? cid heighthened or 
 deepened at your plcafure. 
 
 For the blacke Circle of the Eyt, taice Vmber, Seacole- 
 blacke, and a little white, and mixe them as you thinkc 
 it fit. 
 
 For the rourul Ball in the Eye taxe Lampe-blacke and 
 Verdigrcace, lor Lampe-Utcke will hardly dry with- 
 out it. 
 
 For the hands and the iliaddowes betwecnc the fingers 
 ufc the fame flcili-r /!ours and (haddoiwes as in the Face, 
 for the hcighthcnii or deepening. 
 
 if you would make • fliih-colour of a iwarthy com- 
 plexion, mingle white Lead, Lake, and yellow Oker 
 
 K 1 t<^ether 
 
Ill Of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 
 together, and in the fliaddowes, put in fome Vmbcr and 
 
 Sf i-cualc blackc. 
 
 For bhcke haire^ take Lampc-blackc om ly, and when 
 you will have it brighter, mixe it with a little Vmbcr, 
 white, and red Lead. 
 
 For flaxen haire, take Vmber, and white Lead ; the 
 browner you will have it, put in the more Vmbcr, the 
 whiter more white ; but if darker, yet addc to a little 
 Scacoalc-blackc. 
 
 For jfZ/otJ haire^ take Mafticotc, Vmbcr, yellow Okcr, 
 and a little red Lead j if you will have it redder, put in 
 the more red Lead and Vmber. 
 
 For a tjchite haire^ take lialfc Ivory blackc, and halfc of 
 Vmber, and with your knife temper them well upon your 
 pallet with white Lead, with more white or Vmber, or 
 Ivory, raifing or deepening it ^t your plcafure. 
 
 For the teeth, take white Lead, and iluddow it with 
 Char-coale blacke. 
 
 For Riijfes^ Laivves, Linven. 
 
 For Linnen take white Lead mingled with Char-coale 
 blacke, fo making it whiter or darker at your picafure; 
 for your fine l.awncs, put a little oyle fmalt in amonglt it, 
 and with a tine little bagge of Taffata Huffed with wooll 
 or the like, take up the colour and prcflc it hard downe 
 where you would have it. 
 
 For Velvets of all colours. 
 
 For ilacke-ielvet^ take Lampe -blacke and \'crdigrcace 
 for your tirlt ground ; but when it is dry, lay it over 
 with Ivory blacke and Verdigrcace, fto hclpc it to dry) 
 and tor the ihaddow ufe white Lead, with a little Lampe- 
 blacke. 
 
 For Greene Velvety take Lampc-blackc, and white Lead, 
 and workc it over like a RullU Velvet i then being dry, 
 
 draw 
 
of Drawings Limning^ and Painting, i 3 3 
 
 draw it oncly over with Vcrdigrcace, and a little Pinke, 
 and it will be a pcrfcdl Greene Velvet. 
 
 For a Sea-viater Greene Velvety lay on the forcl'aid 
 mingled Ruflet Verdigreace onely ; if you will have it 
 more graflic, put to more Pinke. 
 
 For a Yellowifli Greene, put a little Mafticot among 
 your Vcrdigrcace at your picafurc: but note this, all your 
 lhaddowing muft be in the Rufllt, and thefc Greenes 
 oncly drawne lightly over. 
 
 For Red Velvet ^i^ke Vermillion, and fliaddow it with 
 Urtnvrte o'i Spaine and where you will have it darkeft, take 
 Sca-coale blacke mingled with Spanijh Browne, and fliad- 
 dow where you will, letting it dry ; then glaze it over 
 with Lake, and it will be a perfedt Red Velvet. 
 
 For a Crimfon or CarnattoH Velvet, put the more or lefle 
 '.vhitc Lead to the Vermilion, as you fliall fee caul'e. 
 
 For Blew Velvet, take Oy'e Smalt, and temper it with 
 white Lead ; the brighter you will iiavc it, put in the 
 more white; the fadder, the more Sr.ialt. 
 
 For Telloiv Velvet, take Mafticot and yellow Okcr, and 
 deepen it for the fliaddow with Vmber. 
 
 For Tautiy f>/i>f/, take Browne of Spaine, white Lead, 
 and Lampe blacke, mixed with a little Verdigreace to flia- 
 dow it, where you fccoccafion ; and when it is dry, glaze 
 it over with a little Lake, and red Velvet added unto it. 
 
 For Purple Velvet, take Oyle Smalt, and temper it with 
 Lake, half'e Lake, halfe Smalt; then take white Lead 
 and order it as bright or as fad as you lift. 
 
 For yifly-eoloured Velvet j take Char-coale blacke, and 
 white Lead, and make a pcrfcdl Ruflet of the fame, 
 deepening it with the black, or heighthcning it with your 
 white at your pleafurc. 
 
 For Hjtre.tolourcil Velvet, grindc Vmber by it fclfe 
 witii Oylc, and lay it on your picture, and heighthen with 
 white Lead and the fame Vmber. 
 
 For 
 
134 Of Drawings Limning, 
 
 For Sattens in Oyle Colours. 
 
 For Blaeke Satteu^grindc Lampe blacke with Oyie,then 
 mixc it with fome white Lead ; where you will have it 
 (hine moil, mingle fome Lake wiih your white Lead. 
 
 For IV^te Sattev, take white Lead ground with Oylc, 
 then grinde Ivory blacke by it felfc, and where you will 
 have it fad, adde more of the blacke. 
 
 For Greene Satten^ take Verdigreace and grinde it by 
 it felfe, then mixc fome white Lead with it ; and where 
 you will have it bright, adde fome Pinkc : if more in- 
 clining to a Popingjay, adde more Pinke to your white 
 Lead : and to deepen it more, adde more Verdigreace. 
 
 For TeUo^ Satten^ grinde Mafticot by it felfe, yellow 
 Oker by it felfe, and Vmber by it felfe j where you will 
 have it lighteft, let the Mafticot ferve j where a Ik^ht 
 fliadow, Let the Oker ferve ; where the darkeft or fad- 
 deft, Vmber onely. 
 
 For Blew Satteny take Oyle, Smalt, and white Lead, 
 ground by themfelves ; white Lead for the heighthening 
 and Smalt for your deepening, or darkeft fliaddow. 
 
 For Furple SatteHy mixe Oyle, Smalt, with Lake, ami 
 white Lead : heighthening with white Lead. 
 
 For Orenge Tauny Satteny take red Lead and Lake ; 
 where you will have it brightcft take red Lead by it 
 felfe, and where made fad. Lake. 
 
 For Ri'J Satten, grinde Browne of Spainc by it felfe, 
 mingling Vermilion with the fame j where you would 
 have it light, put in a little white Lead. 
 
 For Hatre coloured Satten^ take Vmber and white Lead; 
 heighthen with your white Lead, and for tlie darke Ihad- 
 dow of the cuts, adde to your Vmber a little Sea-coalc 
 blacke. 
 
 For Taffatas. 
 
 Make your Taffata's all one as you doc your Sattens, 
 but you muft obferve the fliaddowing of Tafiata's - for 
 
 they 
 
and Painting in Oyle. i^f 
 
 they fall more fine with the ftdds, and are thicker by 
 
 much. 
 
 For changeable Taffata's, take fundry colours, what 
 you pleafc, and lay them upon your garment or pidure 
 one by another ^ Hrft cafHng out the folds, then with 
 your Pencill driving and working them finely one into 
 another. 
 
 F#r Cloth, 
 
 Cloth likcwife is as your Sattens, but that you mull 
 not give fo Ihining and fudden a glolTe unto it. 
 
 For Jutathtr, 
 
 As Buffb, take yellow Oker, and fomc white Lead 
 mixed with it : and where you will have it darker by 
 degrees, mixc Vmber with it, and when you have 
 wrought it over, take a broad Pencill and frieze it over 
 with Vmber and a little Sca-<:oale blacke. 
 
 For yellow Leather, take Maflicot and yellow Oker, 
 fliaddow it with Vmber at your pleafure. 
 
 For blacke Leather for lliooes, Lampe blacke, 
 lhadowed with white Lead. 
 
 For white Leather, white Lead, fliaddowed with 
 Ivory blacke. 
 
 To exprejfe Gold avd Silver. 
 
 To exprcfle Gold upon Armour, or the hilt of a Sword 
 or Rapier, take Vmber, Red Lead, and Mafticot ; lay 
 
 your ground oncly Red Lead, if you pleafe mixed with a 
 little Pinke, and where you will have the fliaddow darke, 
 ufe Vmber ; where the light, Mafticot. 
 
 For Silver, take Charc^alc, blacke and white Lead j 
 where you will have it darke, ufe more Charcoale, and 
 for the light, give it a bold and fudden ftroke with your 
 white. And thus you make your Pearle. Note, that you 
 
 mull 
 
1 3 Of Dmrcing^ Limning, 
 
 muft grindc your Sea-coalc and Cliar-co.i!c ((;, x Sallow 
 if you can get it) in faire water firll,and wlicn it is dry, 
 grindc it in Oylc. 
 
 For Sk'te and Landfcafs, 
 
 For a Sky or LandCcaps, that fccme a great way off, take 
 Oylc Smalt, or Hicc if you will, and with I.inlt id Oylc 
 oncly temper it on your pallet (for in grinding Smalt, or 
 Bice, they utterly lofe their colour) with white Lead, and 
 where it looketh red as the morning, ufc Lake, &c. 
 
 OflVood colours^ Barkes of Tye^, &c. 
 
 Your W'.K)d colours arc compounded cither of Vmbcr 
 and white, Char-coalc and white, Sca-coale and white, 
 Vmber blackc and white, or with fome grecnc added. 
 Sometime addc a little Lake or Vermilion. 
 
 Of fundry Greenes in Oyle. 
 
 For a dcepc and fad Greene, as in the in-mdl leaves 
 of trees, mingle Indico and Pinkc. 
 
 For a light Greene, Pinke and Maflicot : for a middle 
 and Grafle greene, Verdigreacc and Pinkc. 
 
 Remember ever to lay on your Yellowcs, Blewes, 
 Reds, and Greenes, upon a white gi ound, which givcth 
 them their life. 
 
 To make cleane your Pencils, rub Soapc hard into 
 them, and lay them by a while, after wafli them in 
 warmc water. 
 
 To make cleancyour grinding Stone and Mullar, rub 
 it over with crums of bread. 
 
 To kecpc your Colours from drying in the hcate of 
 Summer, let them in the bottome of a Bafon of 
 water. 
 
 If you would get farther experience, acquaint your 
 
 felfe 
 
and fainting in Oyle. 137 
 
 fclfc with fome of our excellent Maftcrs about London, 
 where there arc many, pafTing judicious and skilfuil. 
 
 The oncly and moii cllecmed Pcccc in the world for 
 ludgemcnt and Art, is the battailc (commonly called, 
 the Battaile of Doomes day) fought in the night bc- 
 twecne Selym the firrt: Emperour of the Turkes, and 
 Ijhmael Soph't King o'" Perfia. It i" a night peece done 
 by Bellinoy the famous Fenetian Painter, by the com- 
 mandement of Selym after his viftory, and fent as a 
 prcfent to the Duke and State of yienke, where it yet 
 hangcth in their Councell Chamber. 
 
 There is Jikewife a very rare and admirable peece in 
 ^nd-warpe^ done by a Blackefmith upon this occafion. 
 This Smith falling in love witii a Painters Daughter, 
 (who vowed never to marry any, but of her fathers pro- 
 KfTion) gave over the Trade of a Smith, and fell to 
 painting fome foure or five yeares ; in which time, the 
 hope of gaining a faire maid guiding his hand, hee be- 
 came fo cunning, that he not onely obtained his Wench, 
 but a mafle of wealth by his Pencillj there being offered 
 for his one peece alone, feven thoufand Cro^rncs. It 
 hangeth in one of the great Churches there S. Gecrges 
 or our LaJiesy I remember not well which. But thus 
 much of Drawing and Painting in gencrall. 
 
 Now it fliall not be amifTe, for the advancement of 
 this excellent skill, which none can love or admire mce 
 than my felfe (that I may omit the lives of the ancient 
 Graecian and Romanc Painters) to come mere our 
 times, and acquaint you with the beft Mafters Italy alone 
 hath aflbrded. 
 
 loanves Cimahuf. 
 
 Italy being over-runne, and mifcrably wailed with 
 warres, what time all ^yod learning and Arts lay 
 ncglcdcd about the ycare 1240, Painting and Painters 
 
 were 
 
138 of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 were there fo rare, that they were fainc to lend into 
 Greece for men skillfull herein. Of whom the Italians 
 learned the rudiments and principles of this Art, in a 
 manner quite loft amongft them. So that while ccrtainc 
 Grsccian Painters, lent for by fome of the Nobility of 
 Florence^ were painting a Church in Florence^ one loannes 
 Cimahus a young man, and naturally aiFedting this Art, 
 grew fo farre into familiar acquaintance with them, that 
 he learned the manner of their draught, and mingling 
 colours, that in a fliort time he excelled the bdl Mafters 
 among them ; and was the firll that I can find among 
 the Italiems^ that brought Painting into credit, and got 
 a name by his skill herein. For lome of his ptcccs for 
 the rarity were carried out of his houfe .'uto the new 
 Church in Florence^ with Muficall Inftruments of all forts, 
 and folcmne proccfllon : othci being vttcrcd at great 
 rates over all France and Italy^ Infomuch, as Charles 
 the French King moved with his fame, came to Flarenee 
 to fee his Workc. He dyed in the yeare 1300. leaving 
 behind him his Scholler Giotto, who by the opinion of 
 DoMtts in his Purgatory farre furpalled him ; He was fo 
 humorous, faith the Interpreter of Dantes, that if him- 
 felfc or any other efpyed any fault in his workc, he would 
 (like Michael lamjf. now living at De/fe in HoUanJ) defa.CC 
 and breake it in peeces, though he had bellowed a twelvc- 
 moneths paines thereon. 
 
 Andres Taffi. 
 
 Alxiut this time aIfo,the Grxcians brought the Art oi 
 working in Mufiue, or MoJai<jue to renice^ where in S. 
 Market Church they wrought it j with whom Taffi falling 
 acquainted, he drew one of the !xfl Mailers among 
 them, named jipoUonitis, to Florencv, who taught him to 
 make Mofmifue Glaifes, and to temper the fize for them : 
 fo they wrought tc^ther ; but the rudenefle of that age 
 
 was 
 
and Painting in Oyle. 139 
 
 was fuch, that neither they nor their workcs were in that 
 efteeme as they deferred. 
 
 Gaddo Gaddi. 
 
 About this time alfo lived Gaido Gaddi^ a very rare 
 Mafter, a Flortiahie borne (for the fine and fubtile aire 
 
 of Florence J hath produced men of more fliarpe and ex- 
 cellent fpirits, than any other place of Italy) who excelled 
 in Mofaique, and wrought it with better judgement than 
 any before him j infomuch zs he was fent for to Rowe^ 
 Anno 1 308. the yeare after the great fire, and burning 
 of the Church of S. lolm Lsteraney and the Pallace of Pope 
 Clement the fifth : whence well rewarded, he returned 
 backe into Tufcane^ where he dyed, Anno. 1311, 
 
 MmrgMrttute, 
 
 Margar'ttone was borne in Arez,z.Oj a very skilful! 
 Mafter : he was the firft that devifed laying Gold or gild- 
 ing upon Bole Armoniackc to be burniflied, as wee fee it 
 in knops now adaycs upon the Valences and Canopies of 
 beds : and to make a Glew for Picture Tables, that fliould 
 never decay. 
 
 Giotto. 
 
 Giotto was not onclya rare Painter, but alio an cu cl- 
 Icnt Architciit, for all manner of curious conceipt in 
 building : and to fay truth, wi? the firfc who of latter 
 times in Italy brought Pidture into admiration, and her 
 true height. He was borne at J'e^ignano^ a village 
 foureteene Italian miles from Florence : his Father was an 
 husbandman, and Giotto being a Boy of fome twelve 
 cares of age, was let by him ^o Keepe fneepe : but Nature 
 aving ordained him for another end, the Boy while h^c 
 
 was 
 
140 Of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 was tending his flicepe, would be praaifing with a ftickc 
 
 upon the fand, or dully high-way, or upon voydc places 
 upon walks with a Coalc, to draw vhatlbevcr lortcd 
 with his fancy. It fortuned on a time, while he was 
 drawing the pidurc of one of his fliccpc, Cimahus to paHc 
 by, who admiring fuch Art in the Boycs draught, (who 
 had never any other direction favc out of his naturall 
 inclination) demanded of him if he would dwell with him : 
 who anfwcrcd. Yea, if his father were fo contented. The 
 father agreed, and placed him with Cimahus^ who in 
 Ihort time fo excelled, thathcfarre furpalfcd the rullickc 
 Greeke manner of working, bringing forth a better 
 Mo<^crnc Art, and the true working by ihc life, which 
 had not bcene knownc in two hundred yearcs before. He 
 was very inward and familiar with Dantes the Poet, whofc 
 pidlurc he drew : he was of all others famous for his skill 
 and conceipt in cxprciring affedions, and all manner of 
 gefture, fo that he might truly be called Natures Schol- 
 ler. His workcmandiip is efpccially feene at Acefi^ a City 
 of Vmhr'ta^ in the Cloirters of S. Fraticis^ where the body 
 of S. Francis lycth buryed : where among other rare in- 
 ventions of his, is to be feene a Monkc kneeling before 
 OlK'dience, who putteth a yoakc upon his necke, he 
 holding up both his hands to heaven, ind flice laying her 
 forefinger upon her mouth, caikth up her eyes towards 
 Chrift, from wl.ofe fide the blood illaelli in great abun- 
 dance. On either hand of her, ftand wilcdome and humi- 
 lity, to fliew, where true obedience is, there is wifedomc 
 and humility, which hclpe to finifli every good \vorke : on 
 ti'.L other iide is an hillory where chaftity ftandeth upon 
 a itroiig and high rockc, as not to be wonne, or moved by 
 the force of Kings, tht)ugh they ieemc to offer Crownes, 
 Scepters, and Palmes. At her fectc lycth purity, in the 
 fhape of a child walhing it ftlfc, and by challity ftandeth 
 pennance, having driven away with her difcipline winged 
 Love : in a third place ftandeth poverty barefooted, 
 
 treading 
 
and the lives of Painters. 141 
 
 treading upon thorncs, a doggc barking at her : at one 
 fide, a cliild throwing lloncs at her, on the other, another 
 child with a lUcicc putting the thorncs towards licr legs. 
 This poverty is married to Saint Frandt^ whom Chrift 
 giveth by joyning \hc\r hands : in a fourth place is Saint 
 FrandSf praying with futh great devotion, and inward 
 aJFcdtion exprclTed in his countenance, that it detaineth 
 the beholder with fmgular admiration. From thence re- 
 turning toward Florence^ he wrought in diltenipcr (as we 
 call it) or wet with fize, fixe mftories of patient 
 wherein are many excellent figures : among others the 
 poiitures and countenances of the mclTengers, bringing 
 the forrowfull ncwes unto him, which are not to be men- 
 ded : withall a fervant, with one hand keeping off the flics 
 from his fore mafter, and with the other llopping his 
 nofe : the countenances and draperies of the Handera by 
 done with fuch grace and judgement, that the ^me 
 hereof prefently went over all Ita}y. Infomach that Pope 
 BeneiUlt fent a mclTenger fron^. Rome into Tufdwy to 
 know what manner ot man Glotio was, and what his 
 workes were; being purpofed to beautifie Saint Feters 
 Church with facred Hillories by the hand of fomc excel- 
 lent mafter. This MelTengcr or Courtier from the l^ope, 
 taking his journey to Florence^ pafled by Stena, and ftili 
 enquiring out the heft Maftcrs, tooke a draught of fome- 
 thing from every one of them to carry backe to the Pope, 
 to choofe as he thought beft: comming to Florevce in a 
 morning betimes, he came to the Ihop of Giotto^ dcfiring 
 (as he had done of others) to give him a touch with his 
 pcncill, or fome pec e to mew his holinefle : Giotto being 
 merily difpofbd, tooke a Ihecte of paper, upon which, 
 with a pencill (fetting one arme under his fide) he drew 
 fo abfolute a Circle, that by no compafle a truer could bee 
 drawne : having done, fmiling he gave it to the Courtier, 
 faying., there is my draught. The Courtier imagining he 
 had flouted him, laid, is this all ? Giotto rcplyed, it is all. 
 
i4» Of Drarvmgy Ltmninfr^ 
 
 and mure than enough. When the Pope with others ol 
 
 judgcnu-iit law ,t, and heard the manner Isow carcltfly 
 he did it, he admired and confcHcd, lie paHed all men of 
 his time in excellenqr : this being knowne, it grew a 
 Proverbc in It.il.^ More round tkcv Giotto' ^ Circle. The 
 Pope after this, »iid him much honour, and very liberally 
 rewarded him. i ice had painted upon a certaine wall the 
 pivlture of the Virgm Mary^ and when this wall was to 
 be mended, luch care (by rcai'on oi the cxcellenq' of his 
 Art) was had of this pikiture, that it was cut fquare and 
 taken downe whole out of the wall with a great dealc ot 
 painc and coft. He made in Mofaique, in the fore court 
 of S.1 int Peter ^ the ihip wherein Peter and the Apoftics were 
 in danger of drowning, their adions and gciluresfuU of 
 feare, the failes full oMvind, with the hrhavlour of Fifher- 
 mtn in fuch extremity. At ylvi^rw/. .,ce wrought for 
 Pope Clement the rift j and in many other places of France 
 his workes are yet remaining. Anno i-^iS. he was at laft 
 fcnt for l)y Robert King of Naples^ for wi.Ohl there (in 
 the Church of the Cioyllcr of Saint Clare) he made many 
 hiftories both of the Old and New Tcftament, with the 
 whole hillory of the Revelation : it is faid that herein his 
 invention was admirable, and that he was much holpen 
 by his dcarc and ingenious friend Dantes the Poet. The 
 King W IS not onely pieafcd with the excellency of his 
 hand, but with his many witty anfwers and conceipts; 
 wlicrefort fometimc he would tit by him halfc a day to- 
 gether to fee him workc. Once the King faid unto him, 
 Giotto I will make thee the fbremoll man of my Court • 
 I belccvc it (nuoth Giotto) and that (I thinkt) is the rea- 
 lon why I am lodged in the Porters lodge at your Court 
 gate. Another time ahb the King faid thus unto him, 
 Giotto it 1 were us thou, the weather is fo exceeding 
 hot, I would give over Painting for a while; whereunto 
 Giotto replyed, indeed Sir, if I were as you, I would let it 
 reft indeed. Another time, being at worke in the great 
 
 Hall 
 
and Painting in Oyle. 143 
 
 Htll of the Court, the King merily rcqucfled him, to 
 paint him out his Kingdome; G':otto made no moreftdoe, 
 but prercntly painted an AlTc with a Saddle on his btcke, 
 and rmelling at another new Stddle that lajr before him 
 
 at his fcctc, as if hcc had a mind to that, rather than 
 the other upon his backc ; and upon each Saddle a Crownc 
 and a Scepter : the King demanded what he meant there- 
 by : Giotto rcplycd, Such is your Kingdome and Subjcdts, 
 for they dchrc ntw Lords daily. In his rttufniiig to 
 Flortnce^ he made very many rare pecces by the way: 
 deviled many excellent Models for building ; bcfide other 
 his workes in Carving, Plailtiquc, &c. The City of Vlo- 
 rence not ondy Roially rewarded him, but gave him and 
 his poilerity a Penfton of an hundred Crownes a ycare, 
 which was a great fumme in thofe times. 
 
 He dyed to the griefe of many, in the yeare 1 5 -^G. and 
 was buried at Florence^ upon whom Angeliu Politianiu 
 wrote this Epitaph worthy fo excellent a man. 
 
 lUe ego fum per quern piiiitra extinila revixtt^ 
 Ctti quim refft mantis^ tarn f nit <!y faeilit, 
 
 Natuvte deerat^ v^flne quod defuit artiy 
 
 Plus licuit nulii p'tngere nec mel'ms. 
 M'trurU * turrhn egregiam^ /'aero lere fonavtem^ 
 
 H^c tjuoque de modulo crevit ad ajfra meo : 
 Difiique fum lottus, quid opus fuit ill a referre? 
 
 Hoc nomtn lomgi carmmis inflar erit. 
 
 ' rlio MoJc'l 
 Cif the ftcepli- 
 of the ihirff 
 church in 
 f /..'fi.. • 
 
 Stephana Fioreiiti»o. 
 
 This Stephana being Giotto's Scholler, what with his 
 Mafters furtherance, and his owne induftry, became not 
 oiiely cquall to his mailer, but in I'omc rclpeds excelled 
 him, as many of his workts doe manifelt, namely the 
 Virgin Mary in the Church called Campo Statto at Pifa, 
 which to lay truth, excelled that of his Mafters in the 
 
 Cloilter 
 
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART 
 
 ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2i 
 
 .APPLIED ItVMGE ti 
 
144 Of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 Cloifter of Savto Sfirito in Flore7ice. He painted the tranf- 
 liguration of our blcfled Saviour in the Mount with 
 Mojes and Elias, where the light was fccnc to fhine downe 
 upon the Apoftlcs, who with fuch a fairc adtion lay fo 
 wrapped in their mantles that yee might perceive all the 
 foldings upon the joynts,and made the nakednefle to fliine 
 thorow their thinne cloathes, which was never fecnc be- 
 fore or ufed by Giotto. In another Chappcll he made the 
 fall of Lucifer^ wherein he fliewed many excellent fore- 
 Ihortnings of bodies, armes and legges : wherefore by the 
 Artifts of his time, he was named Occhh di Naturay the 
 eye of nature. He wrought at Rome^ Milane^ and many 
 other places ; many excellent pieces of his arc yet to be 
 feene in Florence, which for brevity I omit : he dyed 
 ^nno ijyo. 
 
 Petro Laitrati of Siena. 
 
 Petro Laitrati was famous in his time, cfpccially for 
 making of Glories, wherein he furpafled all others before 
 him. At Arezzo with excellent skill hee painted, upon a 
 feeling, Angels dancing as in a ring about ^^r;-, feeming 
 to fing and play on inllruments ; where in their eyes and 
 countenances you may fee exprefled a true godly joy : 
 another troope of Angels with various and delicate adtion 
 carrying her up into heaven j he dyed, 1350. 
 
 Bovamico Bujfalmacco, 
 
 Buffalmacco was fcholler to Taffi, and, as excellent in 
 his profeflion, fo was he merry anil of pleafant conceit, 
 
 wherefore he was familiar with Bruno and Calaridrino, 
 rare Artilts and of his owne humor, many of wliofe 
 jeftes are recorded by Boccace. Buffalmacco being a young 
 youth while he dwelt with Taffi, was called up by his 
 mailer by t v\ o or three of the ciockc in winter mornings 
 
 to 
 
and the lives of Painters. 145- 
 
 to his worke, grinding of colours or the like, which 
 grieved him much : and bethinking himlelfe how to make 
 his mafter keepe his bed, he got up in the fields fome 
 thirty or forty Dorres or Beetles, and a little before his 
 mafter fliould rife,faftning little waxe candles upon their 
 backes, puts them in, lighted, one by one intohis mafters 
 chamber; who feeing the lights mooving up and downe, 
 began to quake for feare,committinghimfelte to God with 
 harty prayer, and covered himfelfe over head and earcs 
 in his bed, having no mind to worke or awake Buffal- 
 macco. In the morning he asked Buffalmacco if hcc l-ad 
 not fecnc a thoufand Divels as he had j who anfwered 
 no, for he was allccpe, and wondered he called hirn not : 
 called, faid Taffi ? I had other things to thinke of than to 
 paint, I am fully rcfolved to goc dwell in another houfe. 
 The night following though Buffalmacco had put in but 
 onely three lights into his chamber, yet could he not fleepe 
 for fcare all that night : it was no fooner day but Taffi 
 left his houfe with intent never to come into it againe. 
 Buffalmacco hereupon went to the prieft of the parifli to 
 ddire his advice, telling him that in his confcience the 
 divell next unto God iiated none more than painters: 
 for that, faid Buffalmacco^ we make him odious in the 
 peoples eyes bv painting him terrible and in the vglicft 
 lliape we can devile : and more to fpight him, we paint 
 nothing but Saints in Churches to make the people more 
 devoute tlian otherwife they would, wherefore the divels 
 are very angry with us, and having more power by night 
 than by day, they play thefe prankes, arid I fcare tiiey 
 will doe worfe except wee give over this working by 
 candle-light. This hce fpake fo confidently, and in 
 fo demure manner to the Prieft, that the Prieft avou- 
 ched it to bee true, and with great rcafons perfwaded 
 Taffi eyer after to keepe his bed; which being publiflied 
 about, working by candle-light was left thorow the 
 towne ever after. The firft proofc of his skill he Ihewcd 
 
 FEACHAM L at 
 
i4<J Of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 at a i^unncry nccrc Pifa now wholly ruined, being the 
 birth of Chriit, where Herod killed the children of Beth- 
 lem ; where the afFedtions and lookes of the murtherers, 
 Mothers, Nurfes refilling with biting, fcratching, tearing, 
 pulling, &c. are excrllcntly exprelfed. Moreover, he 
 drew the fbure Patriarkes, and the foure Evangelifts, 
 where he expres'd Saint i^/fp with great art, blowing the 
 inke in his pen to make it runne. He was in his time 
 one of the merrieft and fineft companions of the world : 
 he died. Anno 134.0. 
 
 Ambrojio Lc enzetti'^ of Siena, 
 
 This Amhrofio was a painter of S'tena^ he was chicftly 
 commended for that grace he had in contriving pofturcs 
 and accidents of Hiftory : he was the firft that moft lively 
 could refemble tempefts, ftormes, raine, &c. He was 
 very moderate, and went rather like a Philofopher than 
 a painter. He dyed at Siena, 
 
 Fetro Cavallint of Rome. 
 
 This was fchollcr unto Giotto, and wrought with him 
 in the fliip of Mofaique in the front of Saint Feterr in 
 Rome. There is yet a Crucifixe of his yet to be feene at 
 Arezzo, and another in the Church of Saint Paul in 
 Rome, of admirable life and skill. He was wondrous de- 
 voutc and Religious. He dyed i^f)?, and lyeth buried 
 at Pauls without Rome with this Epitaph. 
 
 ^luatitum Romavic PETRVS decus addidit vrhi : 
 PiEtune tavtum dat decus ipfe Polo. 
 
 Simon of Siena. 
 
 Simon of Siena was a rare Artift, and lived in the time 
 
 of 
 
 ' lerenxetti 1654., t6Sl. 
 
and the lives of Painters. 147 
 
 of tlie famous and Laureate Poet Franek Petrarch^ in 
 whole vcrfes he livcth eternally, for his rare art and judg- 
 mcnt fhowne, in drawing his Laura to the life. For 
 invention and variety he was accounted the beft of his 
 time. 
 
 Andreas Orgag^a. 
 
 Andreas Orgagna was a Florentine^ and both a Painter, 
 Poet, Architccft and Carver, though hee began firft with 
 carving. One of his beft peeces he wrought in Pifa 
 which was all forts of worldly and fenfuall Epicures, 
 notmg and banquetting under the fliaddow of an Orenge 
 tree, within the branches and bowcs whereof, flye little 
 Amorettos or Cupids fliooting at fundry Ladies lafcivi- 
 ouQy dancing and dallying amongft them j which Ladies 
 were then living, and difcerned by their fever-^Jl coun- 
 tenanceo : as alfo many Gallants and Princes of that time 
 drawne in the fame Tabic. On the other fide of the 
 Table, he made an hard Rocke, full of people, that had 
 left the world, as being Eremites, ferving of God, and 
 doing divers adions of piety, with exceeding life : as 
 heie one praycth, there another rcadeth, fomc other are 
 at vvorke to get their living, and among the reft, there 
 is with admirable art and judgement, an Eremite milk- 
 ing of a Goat. Withall, Saint Macharim, who Iheweth 
 the miferable eftate of a man to three Kings riding on 
 hunting in a great ftate with their Queenes,and llieweth 
 them a grave, wherein lye three dead Kings, whofe bodies 
 arc almoft rotten ; whereon they looke with a great feare, 
 ivtlv cxprclled in their countenances : and one wifhiy 
 lookmg downc into the grave, ftoppeth his nofe, &c. 
 Over this flycth death in black with a Sithe in his hand : 
 all about on the earth lye people of all ages, fexe, and 
 condition, Ibine, and dying by fundry meanes. He alfo 
 painted the ludgement, where hee placed in hell moft of 
 
 L 2 his 
 
148 of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 his foes that had moleftcd him, and among the reft 
 a Scrivener, whole name was Ceccho de Afcoli^ and knowne 
 for a notable Knave in his profcfllon, a d a Conjurer 
 beiide, who had many wayes molefted * m: He was 
 by children and boyes difccrned to be the fame man, fo 
 well had hee expreffcd hiiii to the life. He dyed aged 
 60. yeares, I385>. and lyeth buryed at Florence, 
 
 Thomas Mafaccto. 
 
 This Tkomas^ firnamed Mafacao or the Sloven ^for 
 that he never cared how hee went in his cloathes) was 
 borne in the Caftle of Saint lohn de Valdemo ; and oeing 
 a youth, fo much addided his mind unto painting, that 
 he cared in a manner for not' ing, not fo much as to 
 demand money of his debters where it was due but when 
 mccre neceffity drave him thereunto ; yet was he curteous 
 unto all. Hee excelled in Perfpedtive, and above all 
 other mafters laboured in Nakcds, and to get the per- 
 fedtion of forefhortning, and working over head to be 
 viewed llanding under. Amongft other his workes, that 
 of Saint Veter taking a penn/ out of the fiflies mouth, 
 and when he payed it for tolc, is famous. In briefe, hee 
 brake the Ice to all painters that fucceeded for Adtion 
 in Nakcds and foreiliortnings, which before him were 
 knowne but of few. For by his peec^:;, and after his 
 pradticc, wrought Fryer lohn of F'lefcle^ Fryer Phillip 
 FhlUipitio^ yllejfan^ Baldovmetri^ Aiidrea del Caftagna^ 
 Verocbio^ Dominico de Grillandato^ di BotticellOj Ltonarde de 
 Find, Pedro di Perugia, Fryer Bartholomeviof SUnt Market^ 
 Mariotto^ Alberttnell, the rare and very admired Michael 
 Angela Bonarotti^ Raphael d' Vrhine^ ami fundry others. 
 Hee dyed, it was fufpedted of poifon, in the 16. yeare of 
 his age. His Epitaph was written in Italian by HannihaU 
 Caro. 
 
 Leon 
 
and the lives of Painters. 
 
 149 
 
 LeoH Bsptifta Albtrt'u 
 
 This Alberti was an excellent linguift, having his 
 Latine tongue very exaftly. He was borne in Florence^ 
 and was both an excellent Painter and Architect ; hec 
 wrote tenne bookes of Architedure in Latine, which he 
 publUhed ia print. Anno .14.81. Moreover he wrote 
 three bookes of the Art of Painting, a Treatife of 
 mcafuring hcigthes, befidcs ccrtaine bookes of Policy j 
 with many other difcourfes. He was defcended of a 
 Noble hojfe, and was very inward with Pope Nicholas 
 the fift. He was excellent for the defcription of Battailes, 
 night-works, glittering of weapons, and the like. 
 
 Fryer FhiUsfo Lapp}. 
 
 Phillipo Uppi borne in Florence, was a poore Childe, 
 and left fatherlefTe and motherlelTe, was brought up by 
 an Aunt ; at eight /ceres of age placed in a Monailery 
 of the lacoiines, where out of his naturall inclination, he 
 pradifed Drawing and Painting; and in fliort time grew 
 to that excellence, that he was admired of all : making 
 in his Cloyfter many Hiftories in wet, after Mafaccio's 
 manner. At feventeene yeeres of age he forfooke his 
 order. Being in La Marca Ancona, he put himfelfe 
 with fome friends to Sea, who were in fliort time taken 
 by the Pirats of Barbary, and fold into the Countrcy for 
 flaves, wearing heavy chaines about their legges. In this 
 cftate lived Phillipo eighteene moneths, but growing 
 familiar with his Mailer, one day, when hee faw his time 
 and his Mafter in a good humour, tooke a coale, and 
 upon u white wall drew him from head to foot: this 
 being fecne of his fellow-Oaves, and fhcwed unto his 
 Mafter, who had never feene a pidture before, was caufe 
 01 his deliverance, for making his efcapej or at leaft his 
 
 Mafter 
 
I f o of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 Maftcr winking thereat, he made fliift to come to Naples, 
 where he wrought in colours a molt curious Altar-table 
 for King Alphonfiu. Hence he went to Florence, and 
 made another Altar-table, which pleafed Cofmo de Med'tcis 
 wondrous well : whereupon hee was employed by Cofmo 
 in making many fmall Pi(aures, whereof feme tc fent 
 unto Eugen'm the fourth, whereupon he grr great 
 favour with the Pope. He was fo addided u; A'^omcn, 
 that what ever he got, he bellowed and Ipent it among 
 them; whereupon Cofmo (Imt him up into a Cl^ambcr in 
 his houfe, that he might follow his worke clofc; but 
 having bccne thus mewed up by the fpace of two dayes, 
 the humo of gadding tookc him againe in the head : 
 and one evening cutting his fliects, made ropes of them, 
 and fo gat out at a window. But lliortly after, found and 
 brought to Cofmo againe, be had liberty to goe and come 
 at his pleafure, and was better attended and ferved than 
 before. For fa id Cofmo, The excellence of rare Spirits arc 
 heavenly formes, and no hurt ken-hearing Mules. Many 
 excellent peeces he made in Florence, admired and ap- 
 plauded by tb.e heft Mafters. At Frato by Florence, where 
 hec was acquainted, the N.unnes of SanSta Margarita 
 procured him to make their high Altar-table, where 
 being at worke, hee efpied a beautifuU Virgin, a Citizens 
 daughter of Florence, whofe name was Francifco Bati : 
 This maid was there kept to be made a Nunne: Die was 
 moft beautiful!, her name was Lucretia, and fo he wrought 
 with the Nunnes, tliat he obtained leave to draw her 
 Pidture; but by continuall gazing upon her countenance, 
 he became fo enamoured of her, that what by clofc 
 meflengers and other meanes, he got her out of the 
 Nunnery: hee got her away and married her, and by her 
 he had a fonne, named alio Fhilip, who became an ex- 
 cellent Painter. This Fryer Fhtlips workes are to bee 
 fcene at Frato. And amongft other S, Bernard layed out 
 dead, his brethren mourning about liim, and many 
 
 Cripples 
 
and the lives of Painters. i f i 
 
 Cripples and difcafcd perfons, which (as it was laid) with 
 touching the Hearfe and his body, were healed. Then 
 he moft excellently wrought the Martvrdome oifS. Stephen^ 
 the beheading of Saint lohn Bapt'ijf^ with many others. 
 He died aged fiftv feven. Anno 14.38. Hcc had a ftatcly 
 Monument of Marble credled over himj his Epitaph 
 was written by Angtiui PolitiamiUy which for the elegancy 
 I will let downe. 
 
 Cond'ttus hic ego fumy piiiura fama^ Fh'tUpputy 
 
 Nul/i igaota mea eji gratia mira manus. 
 Artifices potui digitis animare colorts ; 
 
 Sperataque animos fallere voce diu. 
 Ipfa meis fiupuit Natura exprejfa figurU: 
 
 Meque fuii fajfa efi artilut ejfe parent. 
 Marmoreo tumulo Medices Laurentius htc me 
 
 Condidit : ante humili pulvere teSius eram. 
 
 Antonello de MeJJtno. 
 
 Ai;* "^Uo Some at Mejpno^ ought not to be forgotten, 
 who /M- ■ ft that brought painting in Oyle into Italy. 
 For Jyle-pecces being fent by the Merchants 
 
 out Oi -.H -crs to Alphonfusy the firft King of Naples , 
 which the King had in great admiration, for that they 
 could not be wafhed out with water j comming to the 
 view of AntmuUo, Antonello could never bee in quiet 
 untill he had found out the Inventor, whofe name was 
 lohn Van Eyck, who entertained Antonello very curteoufly, 
 and fhewed him his Art what he could ; but at laft, lohn 
 Van Eyck dying, Antonello returned unto Venice, where 
 his workcs of the Maptifici were much admired, and for 
 that he brought the working in Oyle the firft into Italy; 
 he was honoured with this Epitaj*. 
 
 D. O. M. 
 
if2 Of Drawings Limning^ 
 
 D. o. M. 
 
 Anton'ut pklor^ prxcipuum Mejfan<e & totius Siciiix 
 ornamentum^ kac humo contegitur : non folum fuis ftiifurit^ 
 in quiftus p7iquL^re artifidum C~ venuflas fuit^fed C-" quod 
 (oloribus olec mij'ce7idis Jj>lendorem cir ferpetuitatcm primus 
 It.ilicd: ftifura contulity fummo ftmfer artificum fiudio 
 celeiratus. 
 
 Domimtco Girlandaio. 
 
 This Dominico was a Florentine^ by profcfTion at the 
 firfl: a Gold-fmith, but falling to Painting, h( became a 
 great Maftcr therein. His firft workc was a Chappell for 
 the family of the Veipucciy wherein he drew, in his Sea 
 habit, and ftanding upon an unknowne flioare, Americus 
 Vejputius^ who gave America her name. His bcft pecces 
 arc to be I'eene at S. Maria Novel/a in Florence. He died 
 Anno 1493. 
 
 "Raphael D'Vrhine. 
 
 I ovcrpafle for brevity fake, many other cxccHcmu and 
 famous Artifts of Italy, equalling the former, as Bellino, 
 PoUaiuoli, Botticello, Verrocchioy Andreas Mavtegna of 
 Maniua, fo highly cfteemed and honoured of Duke 
 iMdovico Gonx,aga Francefco Francia, Michael Angela : 
 and will comprife them in the excellency of one oncly, 
 Raphael D'l^riine, who was borne at Vriine ,• whofe 
 fathers name was Giovanni de Santi, a Painter alfo. This 
 Raphael was brought up under Fetro Perufini in Perujia, 
 where he fo gave his mind from a child unto drawing 
 and Paint ng, that in fliort time hee contended for the 
 Palme with the greateft Mafters of Europe, and was for 
 his admirable invention, firnamcd the Wonderful!. There 
 was a great semulation betweenc Raphael and the afore- 
 named 
 
and the lives of Painters. i j-j 
 
 named Francefco Francia, who lived and wrought at 
 Btlogttay till at the laft through mcerc admiration, by 
 report of each others skill, they grew moft loving fric^ids, 
 greeting each other by letters continually; yet !ud 
 Francia neither leenc Raphael Vrh'mt^ nor any ot his 
 workcs (by rcalbn he was old and could not travaile, 
 abiding alwa) t s in Bologna) untill it fortuned that Raphael 
 Vrhine having made a S. Ckilta^ in a faire Altar-table, 
 for tilt Cardir ill Be Pueci Satiti <juatro, which was to be 
 fct at Bologna^ at S. Giovanni Sofia Monte (or on the hill ;) 
 which Tabic lie fliut in i Cafe, and Tent it to Francia, as 
 unto a dearc friend, that if any thing were amifle, or it 
 happened to be defaced or injured in the carriage, hco 
 would amend it: and befidc, fo much befriend him, as to 
 fel it up in the place appointed, and to fee it want nothing 
 fitting. When hee undcrftood thus much by Raphaels 
 Letter, hee opened the Cafe with great joy, and fet the 
 peece in a good and faire light ; which when hee had 
 throughly viewed, he was fo amazed, and grew fo out of 
 conceit of himfelfe and his owne worke, confrfTmg his 
 workc to be nothing in rcfped of Raphael Frhines : which 
 fo ftrucke him to the heart, that hee died (prefently after 
 he had fet the peece in his place) Anno iyi8. The feme 
 of Raphael Vrhine at this time was fo great, that he was 
 fought for and employed by the greateft Princes of £wo/p, 
 as namely the Popes, Adrtm and Iao : Francis the firft. 
 King of France: Henry the eight. King of England , the 
 Dukes of Florence^ Vrhine^ Mantua^ and divers others. 
 Thofe ftately hangings of Arras, containing the Hi.'Hjry 
 of Saint Faul out of the AFts (than which, eye never 
 beheld more abfolutc Art, and which long fmce you might 
 have fecne in the banquetting houle at White-hall) were 
 wholly of his invention, bought (if I bee not deceived) 
 by King Uenry the eight of the ftate of Venice, where 
 Raphael Vrhine died; I have no certainety : but furc I am, 
 his memory and imraortall Fame are like to live in the 
 
 world 
 
I J" 4 Ofjundry Blazons. 
 
 world tor ever. If you would rcadc the lives 2t large of 
 the moft excellent Painters, as well Ancient as Moderne, 
 
 I rcferrc you unto the two volunusof Vafar'i^ well written 
 in Italian (which I have not frene, as bcin^ hard to come 
 by) : yet in the Libraries of two my tfpcciall and worthy 
 friends, M. Docior Mouvtford^ late Prebend of Faulsy 
 and M. Inigo lonesy Survcycr of his Majefties workcs for 
 building) and Calvin Mander in high Dutch i unto 
 whom I am beholden, for the greater part what I have 
 here written, of lomc of their lives. 
 
 Chap. XIV. 
 
 Of J'undry Bla\ons^ both Ancient and 
 "Moderne. 
 
 BEfore you enter the ftately Palace o*^ Armorie, I 
 would requcil you (as a thing expedient) flridtly t'> 
 view and examine the Frontefpicc ; I mcane thefc feverall 
 forts of Blazons, the very materials wherewith you are 
 to tniild : and as they are the principles, in this refped 
 they are the more to bee defired and imbraced j for you 
 know, Ignoratis term'mis^ ifftoratur ars. Wherefore to 
 make you compleat, 1 have collcdted thefc following 
 principles out of Sir lohn 'Feme's Glory of Generojit'ie^ and 
 inferted them here, for feare you fliould not procure his 
 booke, being indeed very rare, and daily fought after as a 
 lewell. To our purpofe then, my Author delivereth unto 
 us, foureteenc fundry kindes of Blazons, and marflialleth 
 them in this order. 
 
 Ancient 
 
 1 By Colours. 
 
 2 By Planets. 
 
 3 By precious Stones. 
 
 Moderne 
 
of fun dry B/as(pnjr, iff 
 
 ' 4. By Vcrtucs. 
 f By Cclcdiall (igncs. 
 
 6 By tl;c Moncths of tlic Yccrc. 
 
 7 Ry the Daycs of the Wcckc. 
 
 8 By the Ages of Man. 
 Modcrnc v 9 By tiovvcrs. 
 
 10 By I ic Elements. 
 
 1 1 By the Scafons of the Yccrc. 
 la By tlie Complexions of Man. 
 15 By Numbers. 
 
 14. By Metaiiv 
 
 I am not ignorant, that in the time of King Henrie the 
 fift, there was a Dutchman, who ufed to blaze Armcs, 
 by the principal! parts of mans body; but it feemcs no 
 way approved of by Heraulds, to bee admitted among 
 thde. 
 
 We read of one Malorques^ a Frcnclinuii, w ho ufcii 
 to emblazon by flowers j and of one Fauchotty an Enelifli- 
 man, who lived in the dayes erf" King Edward tiie toird, 
 that performed the fame by the dayes of the '.veekc. 
 
ij6 Of Jundry Blazons. 
 
 The Tables ofBla^pns^ appertaining to the 
 Jeven petfeU Colours, 
 
 The I 
 
 Colour 
 is Or, 
 i. 0. 
 
 Yillow ^ 
 and 
 fienifi 
 etn in 
 
 /Plannets. 
 Precious Stones. 
 Vertues. 
 Celeftiall figncs. 
 Moneths. 
 
 Daycs of the wccke. 
 Ages of Man. 
 Flowers. 
 Elements. 
 
 Seafons of the yeere. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 ^Mecals, 
 
 ^The Sunne. 
 Topazion and Chryfolith. 
 Faith and Conftancie. 
 The Lion, 
 luly. 
 Sunday. 
 J Young age. 
 The Marygold. 
 Aire. 
 
 Spring time. 
 Sanguine. 
 
 I. 2. J. 
 
 \Gold. 
 
 TtlC 2 
 
 Colour 
 is Ar- 
 
 lienih- 
 etn in 
 
 /Plannets. 
 Precious ftones. 
 Vertues. 
 
 Celeftiall figncs. 
 Moneths. 
 
 Daycs of the weeke. 
 IZT^ Ages of Man. 
 and Flowers, 
 fignifi- Elements. 
 
 Seafons of the yeere. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 Metals. 
 
 /The Moonc. 
 Margarii'", or Pearlc. 
 Hope and Innoccncie. 
 Scorpio and Pifccs. 
 Odober and November. 
 Mooneday. 
 -/ Infancie. 
 Lilly and White-Rofe. 
 Water. 
 Autumne. 
 Flegmatique. 
 
 10. II. 
 
 ^Silver. 
 
Offundry 
 
 The 3 
 Colour 
 is GuIfS 
 1. f. 
 Red, 
 jnd 
 i'lgnifi- 
 ctli in 
 
 /Planets. 
 Precious ftones. 
 Vertues. 
 Ccleftiall fignes. 
 Moneths. 
 
 Dayesof the weeke. 
 Ages of Man. 
 FJowcrs. 
 Elements. 
 Scafons of the yccre. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 ^Metals. 
 
 rMars. 
 
 Carbuncle, Ruby & CoralJ. 
 Charity and Magnanimity. 
 Aries and Cancer. 
 March, lune, luly. 
 Tuefday. 
 
 Virillity, or Mans age. 
 Gillofcr, and Red-Rofe. 
 Fire. 
 
 Summer and Harveft. 
 Choller. 
 3. 10. 
 ^Latten. 
 
 Thf + 
 Colour 
 is 
 
 Aiure 
 
 i.e. 
 
 light 
 
 blue, 
 
 and 
 
 fienifi- 
 
 eth in 
 
 /Planets. 
 Precious ftones. 
 Vcrtues. 
 
 Celeftiall fignes. 
 Moneths. 
 
 Dayes of the weeke. 
 Ages of man. 
 Flowers. 
 Elements. 
 Seafons of the yeere. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 VMttals. 
 
 /lupiter. 
 Saphire. 
 
 lufticc and Loyalty. 
 Taurus and Libra. 
 April! and September. 
 Thurfday. 
 •< Puerillity. 
 Blue Lilly. 
 Aire. 
 
 Spring time. 
 Sanguine. 
 4. 9. 
 ^Copper. 
 
 The 
 
I ; 8 of fundry Blazons. 
 
 I 
 
 Planets. 
 
 The J 
 Colour 
 is Sa- 
 
 Precious ftones. 
 Vertues. 
 Celcftiall fignes. 
 Montths. 
 
 Daycsof theweeke, 
 bie.i.e. i ^gt'S of Man. 
 
 Black \ T-i^ 
 
 1 Flowers. 
 Elements. 
 Scafons of the yccre. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 VMetals. 
 
 and 
 
 fignil 
 etn i 
 
 in 
 
 /Saturnc. (lydoin. 
 Diamond, Agate, or Che- 
 Prudence, Conftancie. 
 Capricornus and Aquarius. 
 December, January. 
 Saturday. 
 ■{ Old Age. 
 \ The Aubifanc. ^ 
 Earth. 
 Winter. 
 Melancholie. 
 ^. 8. 
 
 Iron and leade. 
 
 The 6 
 Colovir 
 is Vcr:, 
 i. e. 
 green 
 and 
 iijinifi- 
 cch in 
 
 Planets. 
 Precious ftones. 
 Vertues. 
 
 Celeftiall iigncs. 
 Moncths. 
 
 Dayes of the vveekc. 
 Ages of Man. 
 Flowers. 
 Elements. 
 Scafons of the ycerc. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 ^Mcta!s. 
 
 Venus. 
 
 Smaragd, or Emeraud. 
 Loyalty in love, Curtefie & 
 
 Affability. 
 Gemini and Virgo. 
 May and Auguft. 
 J Friday. 
 
 \ Lufty Greene Youth. 
 All manner of Verdures. 
 Water. 
 Spring time. 
 Flegmatique. 
 6. 
 
 ^Quickfilver. 
 
 The Corn B!ue-Dntt!e.) 
 
 The 
 
Of Jundry Blazons, 
 
 The 7 
 Col Oil r 
 is Pur- 
 puri-,or, 
 Purple, 
 
 ^ H: 
 niheth 
 
 in 
 
 /Planets. 
 Precious ftones. 
 Vertues. 
 
 Celeftiall fignes. 
 
 Moneths. 
 
 . Dayes of the wceke. 
 -/ Ages of Man. 
 Flowers. 
 Elements. 
 
 Scafonsof the Y eare. 
 Complexions. 
 Numbers. 
 VMctals. 
 
 1,-9 
 
 ^Mercury. (cinth. 
 Amethift, Opall, and Hya- 
 Temperanceand Prudence. 
 Sagittarius and Pifces. 
 November and February. 
 Wednefday. 
 ■{ Cana Senedlus. 
 The Violet. 
 Water and Earth. 
 Winter. (Choller. 
 Flegmatique with fome 
 7. li. 
 ^Tinne. 
 
 Conceive not I pray, that any of thefe Blazons are 
 I'uperfluous, and not worthy of your knowledge, in rcfpedt 
 thatth eeonely are ancient, and of moft ufe with us. viz. 
 By Colours, By Planets, and By Precious Itones ; For 1 
 queftion not, but you may happen upon the like Blazons 
 (as thofe of Marloques and Fauchon before mentioned) 
 and then, fliould you be ignorant of thefc Tables, you 
 cannot imagine what Colours are fignified thereby ; and 
 fo by confequence, you fliall never be able to make report 
 to your Soveraigne what the Coat-Armour is. Befides, 
 by thefc Tables you fliall be inftrudted, how to commend 
 the Armes of anv Gentleman by various Circumftances. 
 For an inftance, I would by Vertues, emblazon the Coat- 
 
 Armoui of M^ Abraham de l.awne^ (of Sharfled in Kent) 
 a very worthy Gentleman, and a great lover and admirer 
 of all good Arts : then after this manner I exprefle 
 my felfc. This accompliflied Gentleman, bearcth in a 
 Field of Loiaity, a CroflTe Lozangce of conftancie j On a 
 Chiefeof Magnanimity, a Lion PaflTant Gardant, holding 
 a Flower de-lis in his dexter paw, of the fecond, a labell 
 to fhew his father is living. Now h.ad you not the ufe 
 of thefe Tables, this kinde of Blazon would feeme hea- 
 then 
 
I <S o Of Armo ry and BlaT^nry. 
 
 then Grcckc unto you, which eafily may be refolved by 
 having rccourfe unto them : for fcxke after Vcrtues in 
 the Tabic, and where Lovalty is oppolite, you lhall find 
 the governing Colour to bee Azure, which is the Colour 
 of the field fought for, & fic de reliquis. 
 
 The lofty Blazon by Planets, is moll proper for the 
 Armes of Emperours, Monarchs, Kings, and Princes. 
 For the Nobility, your Blazon by precious ftones is moft 
 correfpondcnt j as for other degrees, I doubt not but 
 here you may bee furniflied with variety, fuch as your 
 difcrction dull make choice of, according to the defert 
 of the Gentleman, and his Coate-armour. 
 
 Chap. XV. 
 Of Armory^ or Blazon of Armes, with the 
 An tiquity and bignity of Heralds. 
 
 IT is meete that a No' e, or Gentleman who beareth 
 Armes, and is well defcended, bee not onely able to 
 blazon his owne proper Coate, derive by pedegree the 
 defccnt of his family from the originall, know fuch 
 matches and allies as are ioyncd to him in blood ; but 
 alio of his Prince, the Nobility and Gentry where he 
 liveth ; which is not of meere ornament, as the moft 
 fuppofc, but divcifly ncccfTary and of great confcqucnce : 
 as had 1 fortuned to have lived in thofe times, when that 
 fatall difFerence of either jR O S E was to be '^^cided by 
 the fword ; with which party in equity and confcicnce 
 could I have fidcd, had I bccne ignorant of the dcfcent 
 and pedegree Royall, and where the right had beene by 
 inheritance of blood. Match, or Alliance? 
 
 How fhoiild we give Nobility her true va'ue, refpcd, 
 and title, without notice of her Merit ? and how may we 
 gucllc her merit, without thcfe outward enfigncs and 
 badges of V^crtue, which anciently have beene accounted 
 facred and precious j withall, difcerne and know an in- 
 truding 
 
Of Armory and Bk'^nry. \ 6 1 
 
 truding upiirart, fliot up with the laft nights Mufliroomc. 
 f rom an ancient dtfccnded & deferved Gentleman, wK fe 
 Grandiires have had their lhares in every foughten nelu 
 by the Englifh fmce Edward the firft ? or my felfe a 
 Gentleman know mine owne rankej there being at this 
 inllant the world over, fuch a medley (I had almoft fa id 
 Motley) of Coates, fuch intrufion by adding or diminifli- 
 mgmto ancient fumilies and houfes ; that had there no«- 
 beenc within thefe few yeares, a iuft and commendable 
 courfe taken by the right Honourable i...s Earles Mar~ 
 Jhah, for the redrtfle of this generall and unfuffc-able 
 abufc, we ihould I feare me within thefe few yeeres fee 
 Ytomen as rare in England^ «s they are in France. ' 
 
 Belides, it is a contemplation full of pleafmg varietie 
 and for the moll part, fympathizing with every Noble 
 ana generous difpofitionj in fubftance the moft refined 
 part of Naturall Philofophie, while it takcth the princi- 
 ples from Geometry, maNing ufe alrncft of every feverall 
 iquare and angle. For thefe and other reafons, I defirc 
 that you would beftow fome houres in the ftudy of the 
 fame : for a Gentleman Honourably defcendcd to bee 
 utterly ignorant herein, argueth in him either a difre?;»rd 
 ot his owne worth, a weaknefle of conceipt, or indifpof - 
 t!on to Armes and Honourable Adtionj fometime mecrc 
 Ideotifme, as Sig»eur Gaul art, a great man oiFrattce fand 
 none of the wiltll) inviting on a time many great perlbn- 
 ages and honourable friends to his Table, t the 'aft 
 fervicc a March-pane was brought in, which being almoft 
 quite eaten, hee beethought himfelfe, and faid: It was 
 told mee,that mine Armes were bravely fet out in Gold 
 and Colours upon this March-pane, but I have looked 
 round about it and cannot fee them : Your Ix)rdlhip (faid 
 one of his men) eate them up your felfe but now. What 
 a knave (quoth Monfieur Gaulart) art thou ? thou diddeft 
 not tell mee before I eate them, that I might have feene 
 what they had beene. 
 
 M The 
 
 TFACHAM 
 
i62 Of Armory and BlaT^onry. 
 
 The dignitie and place of an Herald, among the ancient 
 Romanes was very great ; that fame lus Feciale^ or Law 
 of Armes, being firft inlHtuted by Ancus Martius^ as 
 Lib. I. Uvy teftifieth, though fome afcribe it to Www/» FompHiut^ 
 
 who ordained a Colledge of Heralds. 
 DionyfiM Hati- Thc officc of an Herald, was to fee that the Romanes 
 i^rnaf.amif.... m^de not warre injuftly with any of their confederates; 
 
 to determine of warre, peace, leagues, agreements, 
 wrongs taken or offered by them or their enemies, and 
 the like. 
 
 Now if the enemy had offered them wrong, or taken 
 away any thing from them by violence, they firft fent 
 Meffengers to demand their right, and the reftoring of 
 that they had taken away : which was done in a folemne 
 forme, and the words pnmounced diftindtly, and with a 
 loud voyce : and this manner of delivering their mcffage, 
 was called Clarigatio. The forme was this, lovem ego 
 tejlcm facio^ ft ego impie tnjufleque illas res dedier fopulo 
 Romano mihique expofco^ tunc patria compotem nunquam (inas 
 ejpe. If they refufed their demands or to make reftitu- 
 tion : firft all league and friendfliip (if any were betwixt 
 them) being renounced and broken, after thirty dayes, 
 (which they folemnely oblerved) they proclaimed open 
 warre, ana with fire and fword invaded the enemies 
 countrey, and by force recovered their owne. 
 
 Neither was it lawfull, for either Confull or Senate, 
 or any of the common-people, to take up Armes againft 
 an enemy, without the confent and approbation of the 
 Heralds. 
 
 iaitaf^r ^yii* Amongft the Heralds, there was one the chiefe and 
 itjwe & off. above the reft, whom they called Pater Patrattu } and he 
 cyt BM. M. I. chofen one who was to have children, and his owne 
 father alive : him, one of the inferior Heralds, crowning 
 his head and Temples with Vervaine, made him the chiefe 
 or King, either in concluding peace, or denouncing warre. 
 The moft ancient forme of denouncing warre, is fet 
 
 downe 
 
 I- 
 
Of Armory and Blazonry. \6i 
 downe at large by Lhy. The Tyiarens are reported to Uv. uh. i. 
 have beenc fo juft m their making warre, and defiance of G''- ''<>■ ««• ~- 
 their enemies, that they would never meete them, but 1 1 ^''"!:. 
 firft they would fend them word of the day, p]ace,'yea, 
 and very houre they meant to right. » ' » t- 
 
 Moreover, if any complaint by the enemy were made 
 of breach of the league, the Heralds examined the truth, 
 and having found out the Authors, they delivered them 
 up to the enemy to doe with ll.cm as he lifted : or if any 
 without the confent of the people, Senate and Heraldes, 
 either fought or made peace, entered league, &c. tlie 
 Romanes freed themfelves againe, by delivering up the 
 Authors to their enemies. So were the Confuls T. Veturiut 
 and Sp. Po/tumluf for their error at Cau.iium^ and making 
 peace with the Sammtes contrary to the will of the peo- 
 ple and Senate, together with T. Numtint and Q./Smi<. 
 im Tribunes, delivered to the enemy. Th. words of 
 Toflum'm himfelfe (who made rcqueft that himfelfe with 
 the rtfl, who had ofJended, might be delivered to the 
 enemy) are thus recorded by Livy. Dedamur per feaa..s^ hhim tit. 9. 
 nudt vinaique, exolvamus rellgione populum, ft qua obl'tga^ 
 vmui: fie quid dh'mi humanive ohfiet^ quo minus jufium 
 piumque de Integro ineatur helium. The forme and M'ords 
 on their deliverytothe enemies hands, were thefe: ^nds^ 
 qutdem htfce homines., iniufu populi Romamiy^uiritium fit Jut 
 !dum iri ^oponderunt, atque oh earn rem noxa^n mcuerunt : 
 oh earn rem quo populus Romantu scelere impio fit folutus^ 
 hofce homines vohis dedo. And fo many yearcs after was c! o«™ o(fic lib 
 Mancmus delivered to the Numantines^ with whom hee 3- f'"- '• ^• 
 had entered into league contrary to the will, and without V^' ^'^ 
 the knowledge of the Senate. X/^-T- 
 
 Heralds alio cxammed and determined of wrongs and 
 miuries done unto Embaffadours, and puniflied them by 
 delivering up in like manner, the parties oftnding, unto 
 the nation or State offended. 
 They looked alfo to the ftridt obferving of everv 
 
 M X branch 
 
1 ^4 Of Armorie and Blazonry. 
 
 branch of the league, or truce ; in briefe their Authoritie 
 cietn lit. X. was comprized in thefe few words, Belli y pacis^ f mdentm, 
 dtle^iimt. inJuciarum^ oratorum^fecialesjudices funto. 
 
 Spuriut Fuftus was the firft Herald that ever was created 
 
 among the Romanes^ and had the name of Pater Patratur 
 
 in the warre which Tul/us Hojliliiu made againft old 
 
 Latines. 
 
 Their priviledges were great and many, and too long 
 for mc here to reckon up. And to conclude, for farther 
 fearch of their inftitution, priviledges, and Office, I re- 
 Dt u primitivt fcrTC you to lei'an le Feron, a French Author. 
 ft/?»>wwn flifj J purpofe not hcere to enter into a large field and ab- 
 rf^r/iX«i/ ^ folute difcourfe of Blazonry with all the lawes and termes 
 iearr»ti. thercof, having beene already prevented by Bara^ Vpton^ 
 
 Gerrard Leigh, Mailer Feme, Mafter Guiliim Hate Port- 
 cuUeif purfuivant) in his Methodical! Difplay of Heraldry, 
 with fundry others. So that, in a manner, more cannot be 
 laid than hath hecne : my felfe befides having written 
 fomething of this fubjedt Wetofore, but onely to point 
 unto you as a llranger upon the way, the faireft and 
 fhortell cut unto your journies end in this Art. 
 
 The word Blazon is from the French Emhlazonner i and 
 note that we in England ufe herein the fame tearmes of 
 Art with the French .- becaufe the ancients of our Nobi- 
 litie for the greater part, acknowledge themfelvcs to bee 
 defcended out of Normandy^ and to have come in with 
 the Conquerour, many retaining their ancient French 
 names, and charges unto this day; zsBeancimmfy Beaumont, 
 Sacvilly NeviUy with many others. 
 
 Your A. B. C. in this Art, let be the knowledge of the 
 fundry formes of Shields of Efcotcheons which are, and 
 have beene ordinarily borne in the ancient times. Among 
 nations wee of Europe have onely two kinds in ufe (the 
 Lozenge excepted) viz. that we ufe in England, France, 
 Germany, &c. and the Ovall they beare in Italy, which 
 forme they yet (for the old Romanes) hold in ufe. 
 
Of J. morie and Blm^onrie. 1 6f 
 
 1 he word EJ'cotchem is derived from the French un 
 efcu^ that from the Latine Scutum^ and that againe from 
 ffKVToy in Greckc, which is leather; becaufe the ancients 
 had their Shields of tanned leather, the skinncs laid thicke 
 oneover another,as appeareth by thatof Vlyps, upbraid- 
 ing Ajax. 
 
 §luf ni\t fedjfem^frufira Telamone creatiu 
 Geftajfet lava tauronim ttrgtra/eftem. 
 
 And C^far (faith Camhenfis) fighting hand to hand oiuUi Cmi 
 with Nenniut, a Britifli King, had his fword faft nayled 
 into Nenniuf his Ihieid (being of hard leather), at which 
 advantage Netmius had llaine him, had not La^eme the 
 Tribune ftepped in betweenc, and refcued his mafter. 
 
 Now the ancient fliields by rcafon that they were long, 
 and in s manner of that forme as fome of the Knights 
 Templcrs had theirs, as appeareth upon that their monu- 
 ment in the Temple-Church, differed much from the 
 buckler or target which was round, as it may appearc 
 out of Livie. Clypeis autem Romani ufi funt, (faith he) de'itidc i^iy, g. 
 pefiijuam faiii funt Jiipendiarij, fcuta pro clypeis fecere. 
 And l^trgil compareth the great eye of Cyclops to an 
 Argolican Target, for who will deny but that an eye is 
 round? 
 
 That their fhields (as I have faid) were long, and in 
 a manner covered the whole body, he faith elfe-where, 
 
 Scutis protect corpora limps. 
 
 Hereupon Scutum was called in Greeke Ovpeos, becaufe 
 it refcmbled a dcorc, which is very more long than broad. 
 
 The Carthaginians made their fliields of gold. M. 
 Aufidius tcls us that his anceftours (being Romanet) had 
 theirs of Silver. 
 
 Alexander King of the lewes oppofed againft Ptolomy 
 
 8000. 
 
I 55 Of Armorie aud Bla\onric. 
 
 8000. figlUlng men, which hcc tcarmcd Hecatotnachiy as 
 much to fay, as fignting each man againft an hundred, 
 bccauff t'lcy ufcd brazen Ihiclds. 
 
 The Numidians uicd Ihiclds made of Elephants hides 
 impenetrable by any dart, yet on the other lidc they had 
 this difcommoditie, that in rainy weather they would 
 like a fponge fo foake in the water, and become thereby 
 fo heavy, the fouldiers could hardly beare them. 
 
 The ll'-ield in times pad was had in fuch honour, that 
 he who loft or alienated the fame, was accounted as bafe- 
 ly of, as he that with us runncs from his colo.irs, and 
 was fcverely punifhcd: and the Graccians fined him at 
 a greater rate who loft his fliield, then he who loft his 
 rut^rch. in fword or fpearc. Becaufe that a fouldicr ought to take 
 viu rticpidt. more care that he receiveth not a mifchiefe, then he 
 fliould doe it of himfelfe. 
 
 Bitter was that jeaft of Sdpio, when he faw a fouldicr 
 beftow great coft in trimming and glazing his Ihield : I 
 cannot olame thee (quoth hee) that thou bcftoweft fo 
 much coft upon thy fliield, becaufe thou trufteft more to 
 that than to thy fword. 
 
 The iMaJemonioHS of all other the moft warlike, by 
 the lawcs of Lycurgur, brought •• their children to the 
 ufe of fliiclds from their infancy; and famous is that Lac<e- 
 demou'.an mother for that lier fpecch to her fonne, when 
 fhee delivered him a lliicld going to the warre, tckvov, 
 7] rdv, 1} (irl ras, Sonne either bring backe this fliield, or be 
 thou brought backe thy felfe (dead) within it. But thus 
 inuch of the fhield or Efcotcheon. 
 
 Armes of Enfignes at the firft had their chiefe ufe for 
 diftinction of Tribe from Tribe, Army from Army,being 
 compofed of two or more colours, whereof one was ever 
 white or yello v, which we now terme Mettals, and that 
 of neceffitic ; for without the mixture of one of thcfc, 
 the other as too darke of themfelves, could not be dif- 
 cerned farrc, neither of white and yellow onely, as par- 
 ticipating 
 
Oj\Armorie aud BlaT^onrie. id 7 
 
 ticipating too ri-«uch of the light. Hence tlicy lay 1 though 
 not generally tije) where there is wanting colour or 
 mettall, it is falie armoric. 
 
 I will not ftand here to difpute over-plulofophically, 
 as fomc have done, of the prehcmincnce of one colour 
 above another, or out of profound ignorance affirme 
 blacke to be the moft ancient colour, becaufe darkenefle 
 was upon the face of the earth in the Chaos ; as if colour 
 were not qualltas v'tfiiilis luminis htntfat^ & frivatio were 
 formarum fufceptiMit } and vriiite the next, becaufe God 
 faid fiat Lux , as if light were a qualitie refuiting of an 
 elementary compofition, it being created before all mixe 
 bodies : yea with Ar 'tfiotle 1 rather affirme blacke properly 
 to be no colour at all, as partaking of the pure Elements 
 nothing at all, for he faith /ixAaf ■%pS>\i.a itrri twv o-tolxumv ^njl. in M. 
 tls hWrika ii«Tafia\X6vTa)v, of the Elements mingled to- »«/^xw^» 
 gether, as earth, vatcr, aire, not yet reduced to their 
 proper fubftance, as we may lee in Charcoalcs, all bodies 
 confuming but not confumcd,whereupon it iscalled Niger^ 
 of the Greeke, Ncxpof, which figniiieth dead, as a colour 
 proper to dead things. The colours, to fay truth, im- 
 mediately proceeding from the Elements, are yellow and 
 white : yelbw being an effedt of the fire and allheatc (as 
 we may fee in gold) b^otten by the heate of the Sunne, 
 by the mixture of the clearcft and moft pure quicke-filver, 
 and the fincffc red brimftone, in fruite and come ripened 
 by the heate of the fame, in choUer, urine, lye boyled, the 
 bellies of hot vencmous Serpents and the like. The white 
 is proper to the water and earth, as we may fee in all 
 watery bodies congealed j as Ice, Snow, Chriftall,Glafle, 
 precious ftones beaten into powder : alfo the moft roots, 
 the puipe of apples, peares, and the like of watry fub- 
 ftance, of earth in the allies of wood and ftones burned, all 
 which turne white, being by the fire purged from water 
 and ayre. Concerning the ayre it felfe, it hath no 
 colour at all. 
 
 Now 
 
1 6% Of Armory and Bla:^onry. 
 
 Now after your tvro Metats, jrellow and white, Gold 
 
 or Silver, which in Armory wc call Or and Arftnt: you 
 have foure principall colours, vtx^ Sahlt or blackc, AxMrt 
 or Blew, Guht or red, Vtrd or grcene. There are others 
 
 as, Purpure, fanguine^ Tenne^ wliicli arc in more ufc with 
 the French and other Nations than with vs in England. 
 
 From fimple colours and divifion by bare lines, they 
 came to give tlieir charges qiiickc, and living things, inch 
 as forteu bell with their fancies and humours, neither 
 without reafon. The Alani a warlike people, and ex- 
 trcamc lovers oi their iil)crty,gave in their Enfignc a Cat, 
 a bcaft which ot all other cannot brooke Ixjndage. Tiic 
 Gothes to exprefle their cruelty, with their ranging refo- 
 lution, gave a Beare ; the Romanes gave the Eagle, which 
 hft^s lih. 3. every Legion fevcrally bare. The reafon whereof lofephus 
 giveth, ^Jtod vniverfarum avium regnum haheat^ fit 
 valent'tjjtma. So did the Thehans and Perjiant^ as Forcatulut 
 Xntfhm it repi)rts ; befide, Xenophon (faith he,) remembreth he faw 
 O/T.fsd. lib. 7. in the army of Cyrus a gold'-n Eagle difplaycd, borne 
 cumm hh. 3. ypQjj J fpeare, as his cnfignc. Yet gentiallv, Pliny 
 faith, the charges of their eniigncs were ofSilver, occaufe 
 that nicttall was moft futablc to the day light, and was 
 t( iifccrncd farther : ib Fortius Latro telleth Catiline 
 ot fdver Eagle borne before him as the enfigne of his 
 reU on and fury, Befides the Eagle, the Romans iifcd 
 to beare in their banners the Wolfe, in memory of Remus 
 Mtrtijfinn. and Romulus : fed by the milke of a fliee Wolfe, as Uvy 
 flieweth. When they undcrtooke any expedition wherein 
 grcac fccrccy was to be ufed^ then they advanced the 
 MtMotaure in their ilandards, to Hiew that the counfaile 
 of Commanders ought to be no lelfe kept fecret than the 
 Labyrinth which was the abode of the Minotaure. Withall 
 they bare the Horfe, as the moft Martiall bcaft, and 
 ferviceable in the warre, being full of fury, and defirous 
 of vidtonr j and in the Ides of December, a Horfe was 
 facriiiced to him who had broken the right wing of his 
 
 enemies 
 
Of jirniory and Bln^^onry. \ 6i) 
 
 enemies battailc : Laftly, they bare a Hoggc in tlicir 
 
 enfigncs, bccaufe the warre being finilhed, they ultd to 
 
 make a truce by facriiicing a young Swine : whicli who- 
 
 foever violated or went backc from, ought forthwith as 
 
 a Hoggc to be ftoiu d to dtuth; hereupon they had a forme 
 
 of Battaglia which they tcarmed the Hodges face. But 
 
 all thefc (the Kaglc onely excepted) were by Caius Marim r,rr,«4/r»,,, 
 
 turned out of uic : hut I Hull h;ivc clfewhere occafion ?• 
 
 to write more at large of thcfc and the like Impcriall 
 
 badges. 
 
 The Kings of Portugal/ hare in a field Argent five The Coitc of 
 eici^cheons Azure, each charged with as many Plates: ''"■'"S""- 
 on a bordure Gu/ei tenne Caftles, or, in remembrance of 
 five Kings, whom (each fcverally Jciding a mighty army) 
 AlphonJ'us the firll, King oi Portugall overthrew neere to 
 the City of Scallahis in Toriugall now called TrupUo^ there 
 appearing at the fame time (faith Oforlus) Chriib crucified of^m ite^u 
 in the heaven, whofe rive wounds thole hve plates repre- '"^'f"""- 
 fent. Thofe Caftles are his holds in Bariary which he 
 wonne from the Moores. 
 
 The Dukes of Bavaria have anciently borne their />. of Biv*rU. 
 Armes Paly bendy arg. and Ax,ure^ for that it re(embled 
 the party coloured Caflbckes of the ancient Bo^, who m • >che^ in 
 were thofe Gaules that attempted the Surprife of the 'is'o'f*!*- 
 Capitoll, whom r/>_f/"Z/ dcfcribing as by night, faith, Fir- 
 gatis lucent Sagulis, which hee undcrftandeth by the white, 
 as moft eafie to tlec difcerned in the night time. 
 
 Tiie Duke of Don or Dordrecht in HoUand^ from a civill 
 [ roilc that long fmce occalioncd much llaughter, ftayn- 
 ing the ftree^s (bei .g onely two above a mile in length, 
 I'^he River running in betweene) with blood, bare in a 
 field gules a pale argent. 
 
 The City of CoUen, in regard it can fliew the monu- 
 ments of the three Kings who offered to our Saviour, 
 beareth Argent^ on a chiefe g^Us three cro./nes Or. 
 
 The City of And-warpe in Brabant^ for that fometime yti^n*"- 
 
 X 
 
170 Of j^rmory and Bla\omy. 
 
 a Tyrant Prince was Lord of that place, and punillicd 
 offenders in cruell manner, by cutting ofF their hands 
 (whofe pourti aitiirc cut in ftonc to the life, ftands ercded 
 over one of the Ports toward the Sceld, with a Iword in 
 one hand, and a mans hand fmitten off in the other) 
 beares fourc hands, Coup^ in Salteir, an Eagle double- 
 necked, difplaied in chiefe, to fignifie that it is an 
 Imperiall City ; and hence had it the name of Antwarpt, 
 as much to fay as HafiJtiverpen, which in Dutch ligni- 
 fieth to call or throw away the hand. 
 
 The ftoute and warlike Henry Spencer Bidiop of Nor- 
 -jhh^ who fupprtft by his courage and valour, that 
 dangerous rebellion, and about Korth-^alJJoam^ overthrew 
 Litfier the Captaine, hath (as it is to be fecne upon his 
 monument in the body of the Quire of Chrift-Church m 
 Novwich) over his proper coate of Spencer, upon an hel- 
 met, his Epifcopall Miter, and upon that Michael the 
 Arch-Angell with a drawne Iword. 
 
 Many Coates are conferred by the Prince or State upon 
 merit and dcfcrt, for fome honourable ad performed to 
 the Common-wealth, or honour of the Prince : as that 
 device upon Sir Francis Th-aie (which was Q^Elizaheths 
 ownc) now ufurped and borne (the colour of the field 
 changed from Sable into Azure) by Oliver a Noort of 
 Vtreehy who alfo of late yeares failed about the earth. And 
 at my laft being in the Low Countries, was Captaine 
 of a foot Company of Dutch in Huyfden. The laid Coate 
 faircly cut =n ftone, ftandeth over a Porch at the entry 
 of his houfc there. 
 M frw«n« The Mound or Ball with the Crollc, was by Charles 
 
 D.\origine ' the fifth, added by way of augmentation, to the Armories 
 P^"- of tlic PalJ'grave of the Rhine, in regard of Vienna, io 
 
 bravely dcftnticd by Fkitip Earlc Palatine, together with 
 the Count Solmes, againft the fury of Solyman^ who laidc 
 ficdge to it witli above 300000. men ; yet glad (at the 
 rumour of the Emperour Charles his comming) to fliew 
 
 his 
 
of Armory and Blazonry. 1 7 1 
 
 his backc. For Solyman (as himfclfe was wont to fay) Mynun, 
 feared not Charles as he was Emperour of Germany ; but opinion of clic 
 that good fortune which ever attended him in his greatcfl 
 cnterprizcs. And no doubt but the bleffing of God was . 
 upon him, as being one of the moft rehgious, jiift and the'Sle of 
 worthicft that ever lived. Scotland. 
 
 The Family of the Hales in Scotland^ bare Arg. three 
 Ffcotcheons Gules, upon this occafion. At what time The originall 
 the Banes in\ adcd Sc^tlana^ and in a fct battel! had put "f Nob'.e 
 the Scots to tiie worlt : one Hay with his two fonnes 5^f[„°^''"' 
 being at plow not farre off, and feeing hisCountrcy-men, Scotland, 
 flying from their enemie.', to come up a narrow lane 
 walled with ftone on both f.des, towards him ; with 
 their plow-beames in their hands, meeting tlicm at the 
 lanes end, in defpite beat them baclce to charge their 
 enemies afrefh, reviling their cowardize, that now 
 hazarded the whole kingdome : '/hereupon with a llout 
 refolution they put themfelves againe into array, and 
 returning backe upon the Danes (who wer o both difordered, 
 and in a fcare left a new fupply had come downe to the 
 Scots fuccour) overthrew them utterly, and regained a 
 moft memorable vidtory. Hereupon Haywzs, by the King 
 ennobled, and had given him for his bearing, in a field 
 Silver, three Efcotcheons Gules, the Creafi a Plow-man Tlie crfaft : 
 with his Plovir-beame on his flioulder : and withall for ^ f^uIc"" 
 his maintenance as much Land as a Faiilcon put off from s"c^,n^a'^'^^'" 
 hand could flyc over ere flie could alight, which Land in wreath of his 
 Scotland is to this day called Hay his Land ; and the 
 Faulcon alighting upon a ftone, about fcven miles oft", 
 gave it the name of the Faulcons ftone even to this day. 
 
 Armes againe are fometimes taken from profcffions, 
 and thofe meanesby which the bearers have raifcd them- 
 felves to honourable plac?; as the Dukes of Florence^ 
 for that they are defcendcd from the family Di Medici 
 or Phyfitians, bare in a field Azure, fixe Lozenges. 
 
 Sometimes they are wonne in the field from Infidels 
 
 (for 
 
172 of Armorie and Bla-^ourie. 
 
 (for no Chriftian may diredly bcare anothers Coat by 
 his fword) as was the Coatc of MiUan from a Saracen ; 
 ..rv^rn de it being an infant naifant, or ifluing from the mouth of 
 viMi. a Serpent. And after the winning of Granado from the 
 
 Meores, in the times of FerdiMattd and Jfal>ell, Kings of 
 Caftile, the Pomegranate the Armes of that Kingdomc, 
 was placed in the belt of the EfcotcL-on Royall ; and in 
 regard it was gained principally by the meanes of Ar- 
 cherie, the Bow and Quiver of Arrowcs was ftamped 
 upon the opanilh hxpence, whi '-^ remaincth at this day 
 to be feene. 
 
 Coates fometimes are by ftcalth purchafed, fliuffled 
 into Records and Monuments, by Painters, Glafiers, 
 Carvers, and fuch ; But I truft fo good an order hath 
 beenc lately eftabliflied by the Right Honourable, the late 
 Commiflioners for the Office of the Earle Marlhaljhlp^ 
 and carefull refped: of the Heralds with us, that all hope 
 of finifter dealing in that kinde, is quite cut off from 
 fuch mercenary abufers of Nobilitic. 
 
 Many times gained at a cheaper rate, by bearing, as 
 the Boores in Germany ^ and the Netherlands^ what they 
 lift themfelves ; neither can their owne Inventions con- 
 tent them, but into what land or place foever they tra- 
 uell i they efpy a fairer C(nte than their owne (for 
 they cftceme Coates faire or good, as our Naturals, ac- 
 cording to the varietie of cokuis^ after their rcturne 
 they fet it up in gialTe for them ! their heires, with 
 the Creft and open Beaver, as if they were all Princes; 
 as at Wodrtchom or Worcom^ hard by Lovefie'in^ I found 
 over a Tradefmans Coatc, no worfe Creft tiun the three 
 Feathers in the Crowne, and in many other pivces whole 
 Coates of the French Nobilitie. Heereo^ examples in 
 thofe parts are lo frequent, that I muft liy, Inopem me 
 COfia fecit. 
 
 Now being acquainted with your colours, the points 
 and every place of the Efcotcheon, which the Accidence 
 
 of 
 
Of Armorie and Bla^onrie. 173 
 
 of Armorie of Malter GuiUims Difplay, will at large in- 
 ftru*5t you in, begin to practile the Blazon of thofe Coates 
 which confill of bare and fimple lines, without charge, 
 as that ancient Coate of Waldprave^ who beareth onely 
 party per pale Arg. and Gules j and the Citie of Vtrecht 
 partie per bend of the lame. 
 
 Then your Fields equally compounded of more lines, as Fieldi of 
 ^arterly^ Bevdey^ Barrey^ Gyronee, Checkey^ Mafculie, equall com- 
 &c. Withall, know the names and ufe of all manner of ^° 
 your crooked lines, as Endented, Bmiattelled, Netule^ 
 or Fndii\, Dauncettee^ O'c. Know then thofe Honourable 
 and prime places, or Ordinaries with their Speeches, as 
 the chiefe, fo called of Chief in French, that of Kt<^aA^ 
 bccaufe it poflcfleth the head, or upper third part of the 
 £l"cr tchcon. 
 
 The Fefle holding the middle third part of the fliield. The Fefle. 
 
 containeth under it the Barre, Barrulet, Cofte, Barres- 
 gemclls, &c. The Bend, the Bcndlet, fingle and double 
 Cotize. 
 
 Next know the Furres, Countcrchangings, Bordures, 
 Trefliires, Orles, Frets ; all fbrmty of Crofles, differen- 
 ces of Brothers, Roundles oS every kinde; as Beafants^ 
 Platesy Pomm'icesy &c, 
 
 Then proceed to the Blazon of all vegetable things, is 
 Flowers, Trees, &c. 
 
 Then to all quicke and living things, as Beafts, Birds, 
 Fiflies, Serpents, and the like. 
 
 When you have done, know Honourable additaments, 
 whether they be by way of augmentation, or markes and 
 differences of alliance. 
 
 Coates of augmentation, as thofe of Quecne Katherhe 
 Tarre^ Queene Katherine Howard^ aiia Queene lane 
 Seymor, conferred by King Henry the eight. 
 
 By Cancons, as Ferdinand King of Spaine, honoured <M. Ctwufrn in 
 Sir Henry Gui/ford with a Canton of Granada : and King 
 lamesy MolinOy the Venetian Embafladour, with a Canton 
 
 of 
 
 M. GulUim in 
 his Difplay. 
 
174 ^^f ^^^^"^ ^"^^ Blazonry. 
 
 of the Rofc of England, and Thiitle of Scotland em- 
 
 ^^Thcn cnfue differences of alliance, by Bordures, Labels, 
 Bends ^uarterings. and the like. . 
 n fi^ no where more frequent than in the 
 
 ?SXe. jL"^t^:;ht the blood RoyaU was^^^^^^^^^ 
 into fo many Veincs, to the diftemper of the whole body, 
 under the diffcntion of Torke and Lancaster. 
 
 TLas of Woodfiocke, as alfo i^r^f^rey Duke o 
 Glocejler (who lycth'buried in the Abbey of f-f^^ 
 upon the South-fide of the Quire, and not in Fauls) 
 Tc the Soveraisne Coate within a Bordure Argen^ 
 
 Richard Plantagenet (lonne and heire o^ T^nhard Larle 
 oi Cambridge) Duke of Vor^., and father to ^^jardth^, 
 ?ourth, bart quarterly France and England, w.thm a Bor- 
 dure Argent, charged with Lionceaux purpure. 
 
 Edn,ufd ofHadiam, Tonne of Owen Tuder hy C^eene 
 Kalherine, the Soverai^ne Coate within a Bordure Azure, 
 with Markets and Flower-de-Luces Or. 
 
 lohn Beaufort, fonne of 7.^« of Gaunt, and his pofte- 
 rity, the fame within a Bordure Componee, Argent and 
 
 ^ CA^'r/.x the feventh, King of France, in the ye are i+J^. 
 gave leave unto Nicholas Duke of Fm-.r«, to beare the 
 irme^ of France in a Shield, within a Bordure C.^/««.. 
 Or an Gules, before the Armes of Ferrara, in recog- 
 ni ance of the 'league and fidelity, wherein hee promifcd 
 to Hand bound to lerve the King at his owne charges 
 And for the like refped, Le'u:es the eleventh, in May 
 allowed Fietro de Media, to beare three Flower- 
 de-luces in his niield, which I have feene borne in chiefe, 
 upon one of his iixe Lo/xnges. 
 
 Of Diif ercnce by the Labell. 
 A fecond difference is by the Label!, borne chiefely 
 as the difference of the elder Brother. As ^'''^"^^^Jjjf. 
 
 TiUtt. 
 
of Armorie and Bla^onrie. 17 f 
 
 blacke Prince, and all our Princes of Wales, eldeft fonncs 
 to the King, beare their Fathers Soveraigne Coate, with 
 a Labell of three points. Silver. 
 
 lohtt of Gaunt had his Labell Ermin. 
 
 Edmund of Langley, Duke of Torke, on bis Labell Sil- 
 ver ^ nine Tortcauxes. 
 
 Edmund Flantagenet^ fonnc and heire of Richard Duke 
 of Twkey EarJe of Rutland, (who being a Child fcarce 
 twelve yeares of age, was ftiicken to the heart with a 
 Daijgc r by the Lord Clifford^ at the battaile of Wakefield) 
 had upon his Labell of five points Argent, two Lion- 
 ceaux Gules, with nine Tortcauxes. The Coate of Vljler 
 and Mortimer being empaled with his owne, as may be 
 leene in the windowes of Foderinghay Caftle, the manlion 
 houfe of the Duke of Torke, where, by his father Richard 
 Duke of Torke, and Cicely NeviU his mother, hce 
 Weth buried ; whofe bodies removed out of Foderinghay 
 Church-yard, (for the Chancell in the Quire, wherein 
 they firil: were laid, in that fury of knocking Churches 
 and facred Monuments in the head, was alfo felled to the 
 ground) lapped in Lead, were buried in the Church by 
 the Commandement of Queene Elizabeth, and a mcane 
 Monument of Plailler, wrought with the Trowell, erec- 
 ted over them, very homely, and farre unfitting fo Ndjle 
 Princes. 
 
 I remember Mailer Creufe, a Gentleman, and my wor- 
 thy friend, who dwelt in the Colledge at the fame time, 
 told me, that their coffins being opened, their bodies 
 appeared very plainely to be difcerned; and withall, that 
 the Duchcile Cicely had about her necke, hanging in a 
 filkc riband, a pardon from Rome, which penned in a 
 very fine Romane hand, was as faire and frefh to be 
 read, as it had beene written but yefterday. 
 
 Of Difference hy the Bend. 
 
 A third difference, is by the Bend Ballon, Sec. as the 
 
 houfc 
 
176 Armory and Bla^^onry. 
 
 houfe of BurioH bcareth France^ with a Batune Gule?, 
 though the proper and true Coate of Burtove is Or, a 
 Lyon Gules, within an Orle of Efcallops Azure. 
 
 Le'wis Earle of Eureux in Normandy^ brother to Philip 
 le Bel/ J bare '^^me de FrancBy with a Batune Comfmte 
 Argent and Gules. 
 
 lohn Earle of Lancafier^ and Brother to Richard the 
 firll (afterward King) bare for his difference a Batune 
 Azure. 
 
 If the mother be of the line Royal), many times her 
 
 Coate is preferred into the firft quarter : as Henry Earle 
 of Devonjhire^ and Marquis of Exeter^ bare his mother 
 Katharines Coate, who was daughter to King Edvjard 
 the fourth. And the like Humphrey Stafford^ who was 
 the tirlt Duke of Buckingham by Anne Plantagenet his 
 Mother, the Coate of Thomas of IVoodfiocke, whofe 
 Daughter flie was. This Coate, I remember, ftandeth 
 in the great Chancell Window in the Church of Kim- 
 balton. 
 
 TiUir. In France it hath becne, and is yet a cuftome among 
 
 the Nobility, to leave their owne proper Coates, and 
 take others; as perhaps their Wives, or the Armes of 
 that Seigneury, whereof they are Lords, or whence they 
 have their Titles : as Monf. Hugues, brother to King Phi- 
 Zip, marrying the daughter and hciie of Herbert Earle of 
 fermandoyes^ foriooke his proper Coate, and bare his 
 Wives, which was Cheeky, Or, and Azure, onely three 
 Flower-de-luces added in chicfe, to flrew he was of the 
 blood. And Revert Count de Dreux^ albeit he was brother 
 to King Le-j:is le ieme^ bare Cheeky, Azure and Or, with 
 a iiordure Gules. 
 
 Robert Duke of Burgogne, l)rothcr to Henry the hrii, 
 tookc for his bearing, the ancient Armes of the Dukes 
 of Burgogne, which was bendy Or and Azure, within a 
 Bordure Guks, given by Charlema-gne to Sanfon, Ouke 
 of Bi/rroene. 
 
Of Armory and Bla:{onry. 1 77 
 
 And whereas we in England allow the bafc fonne his 
 Fathers Coate, with the diflFerence of a bend, Batune 
 finiftcr, or bordurc engrailed, or the like: it was in 
 France a long time forbidden (I thinke under the Capets) 
 to the Princes of the blood; as Amaulry Earle of 
 Moimtfort^ bafc fonncto King Robert^ was forced to leave 
 liis 1 athcis Coate, and bcare Gules, a Lyon a la qutve 
 fourcke^ Or, f^fe^ per ^ lentour. Argent ; for, La maifm de 
 France retettant les iajiardes, ne lewr endurifon armoirt^ &c 
 faith TiUet. 
 
 The laft and Icaft obfcrvation is of Creafts, the Helmet, 
 the Mantle, and doubling thereof, which according to the 
 mannerofdiversCountries,arcdivcrnybornc. In Germany 
 they bcare their Beavers open with Barres, which we 
 allow in England to none under the degree of a Baron : 
 in fome places thev have no Creafts at all. If you would 
 farther proceed in Nobility or Heraldry, I would wifli you 
 to reade thefe bookes of Nobility in general 1 : 
 
 Simon Simonius de Noiilitate, in quarto, printed at 
 
 Chajfanaus, his Catalogus Gloria mundi. 
 
 Hippolttus a Collibus^ his Axiomata Kobilitatis. 
 
 Conclufiones de Nohilitate & Doaoratu, publilhed by one 
 
 Mecklehurgh, who concealeth his name, printed idii. 
 dedicated to the Archbilliop of Breme. 
 
 Petrus Fritzius, Counfeller to the Eledor of Brandem- 
 burg^ publiilicd Conclufiones de Nobilttate^ in quarto. 
 
 Uonellus de prtcedentia homiuum. 
 
 Of the Spanifli Nobility, thefe Authors 
 
 have written. 
 loannes ah Arce Offalora^ in folio. 
 
 Frivilegios y Franquezas y lihertades des hijos d'algos De 
 Senniorio dc V:z.ca]a^ &c. in fol. 
 
 Ludovicus de Molina^ De primogeniorum HiAanicorum iure, 
 &e. in fol. ^ * 
 
 '"CHAM N lofepinf 
 
178 of Arm ory and Bla \omry. 
 
 lofefhiu de Sejfte in Decif. Aragon. Dec'if. 8. 9. lo. &e, 
 GomzsUt d» Corte, his NoUtM dtl Amdaiuzia, in fol. 
 
 Of JtMly, Sicifyy Naflts, &c. 
 
 Scipio Mazz^Ua ntllt Neapoli lUuftrata^ in quarto. 
 Fauliu Mtrula in Cofmograph. Hi. \. pt. 3. in Italian. 
 
 Of France. 
 
 The workes of Tilltt, Feron^ Charles L'OiJ'eau^ Chappin^ 
 Thtatre tPHmntur, 
 
 Of Germany^ or the Empire. 
 
 FraH. CentztHy his Politiaues^ in fbl. 
 
 The Colledions of Goldafitu, with fome others. 
 
 The praBtce of Blazonry. 
 
 HI 
 
 ■ E beareth Azure, a Salteir 
 . Or. This was the Coate 
 of the pious and devout Offa 
 King of the Mercians^ who 
 lived aboi't the yeere of Chrift 
 793. arid in tne three and 
 thirtieth yeere of his raiene, 
 builded the goodly Monaitery 
 of S. Alhantf in Htrtford/bire, 
 upon the way of Watling- 
 Itrect, to entertain Pilgrimes : 
 the King himfelfe laying the 
 firft ftone of the foundation 
 thereof, with thefe words j 
 Ad Honortm Dei Patris^ F/7y, 
 & Spiritus Saniii^ & Martyris 
 fui Alhani terrte me/e Protomanyris. Hee ordained it a 
 Convent of an hundred Monkcsofthe order of S. BeneJiB, 
 eleiting Willegod who was his Kinfman, to be the hrlt 
 
 Abbot J 
 
The Prailice of Blazonry. r 7 9 
 
 Abbot; he endowed it with goodly revenues, as here 
 appcareth. After hce had begun this magnificent worke, £* M. jum 
 within (cure or fiuc yearcs he dyed, and was buried in s. 
 a little Chappell, hard without theTowne of Bedford, upon 
 the banke of the river of Oufe or Ffe^ which by the river 
 long fince hath beene eaten and worne away. 
 
 mUegod the firft Abbot dyed the fame yeare that Offm 
 dyed, of very griefe, it was thought, for the death of his 
 King and kinfman, whom he dearely Joued. 
 Anno 818. After him fucceed thefe in order. 
 
 Eadrickt. 
 
 Vuljlgus. 
 
 IVulnothus. 
 
 Eadfrithus. 
 
 Wulfinus^ Who built Saint Meters Church, 
 bamt Mtchatls, and Saint Stefbtmt. and made a faire 
 market place in the Towne. 
 
 Alfiicke. 
 
 Aldredus^ Who digged vp and fearched the 
 rt .)f yerlam-cefire, which in his time were dens of 
 the. les and whores ; faved all the tile and ftone for the 
 rcpaire 01 the Church, and in digging upon the North- 
 lidc, in the vale found oaken olankes pitched- Sheiles 
 peeces of oares, a.id a nifty Anchor or two. ' 
 
 Eadmer. after his death (being a religious and a good 
 man) imitating his predeceflbr, faved all the ancient 
 Coynes, vrnes, and other antiquities he coild find there. 
 
 Leofricke was fonne to the Earle of Kevt, and after 
 being chofen to be Archbilhop of Canteriury, he refiifed 
 It : this Abbot in a time of dearth fold all the lewels of 
 his Church to buy bread for the poore. After him fuc 
 ceeded. 
 
 Aljricke. 
 
 Leojian. 
 
 Fretkeric. 
 
 Paul. In this Abbot were given to the 
 N a Monaftery 
 
1 8 o 'The PmHice of Bla^onrie, 
 
 Moaalkry of Saint Aliants, the Ccllcs of IVaUingford, 
 of Tlnnemuth, of B#*W*, of Hertford and B,ntar». 
 
 Richard, who lived in the time of inll,am ^fui when 
 the Cell of Saint Mary de Wymondham or m 
 Norfolk, vfzs given unto this Abbey, ^emg founded by 
 J^lieney, father to Alie^fyy firft 
 
 ^*Gi.5^ii7^o'^^""'l^'^ Nunnery of S«/.w// there- 
 by, orTthe other fide of the River, founded and fo called 
 uron this occafion : two poore women having built thcm- 
 fSvel a fmaU cabbin, lived in that place a very auftere 
 life, praying and fervine God with great devotion j and 
 for that th<J lived for ^e moft part with no other lufte- 
 nance, fav7bread and the water of a Well there, wherein 
 they Jfed to fop or dip their bread, it had Haith mine 
 Author, a Montce fomrtime of that Abbey) the name of 
 Scpvjell. Then 
 
 Radulfbut. 
 
 Robert. 
 
 Sinum. 
 
 Garmus. 
 John. 
 
 WtUiam, &c. 
 
 Ofa e?vc to this his Abbey of Saint Aliane thele 
 Townes following, viz. Theil, Edelmentune, Wulesfield 
 Caf^ejho cum Juis, Berechund, memanefvjorth^ Bachejurtb 
 CrokeUie, Michelfield, BritcM, Watford, Bdjey M deU, 
 *Uld.Hhm. *Ha/denhar», Sprot, Enefield, Stanmore Hevhan>fted, Wme- 
 Itfliam^ Bifcopfcot, Ctdtnime and Mtldendune. 
 
 Egelfride his fonne and fucceflbr gave 'SanJryge and 
 
 ^'^Aittke, Abbot of this Church, (after Archbi^lhop) 
 •.nd Leofi-hke his biother gave Klngefhury, Cheald^uh, 
 tVeJlvjlc, Flampd, Northun, Rodenhang^ Winchfteld, Birjfatt, 
 
 ^f""- Mthel'u.old 
 
 > Simirigt. 
 
The praHtce of B/aj^onric. 1 8 1 
 
 jEtMwoU Bifhop of Dorchtjlergzxxc GirJIsima^ Cuieumta^ 
 
 hirga. 
 
 One Tholfe gauc Eftune ami Oxau. 
 
 One Sexi gauc HechamfieJ. 
 
 One Haadk gave Ke-wham and Beaniiife. 
 
 Therefeld^ a religious woman, gave * Scejnlea and 'W^. 
 
 /Ege/wina, another, gave Bate/Jen^ Offal and StMulime. 
 One ^-Egtlbert gauc Craniford. 
 
 Alfiayt^ Cute/Jjam. 
 tVinpmus gave Efenden. 
 
 Ofulfui and his wifcgave Stoiham and Wilfmam others, 
 IValden^ Cudtcote^ Scepkal^ Bethell^ with fundry other 
 Cclles, Churches, and goodly pofleflions, of me unnamed. 
 If I fliould fet you downe the 'neftimable wealth, con- 
 in Plate, lewcls, Bookes, coftly Hangings, Alta.-- 
 cloathes, and the like, which our EngJ=(h Kings, Nobility 
 and others gave from the foundation u. to the diflblution, 
 with the fundry privilcdgcs this Abbey had, I fliould 
 weary my felfe with writing, and you with reading j but 
 I omit them, having onely propofea a mirrourtotbe eyes, 
 not of the Church pillers of ancient, but the Cluirch-pillen 
 of our times. 
 
 The 
 
1 8 1 The prtUlice of Bla^onr^: 
 
 The moll Reverend 
 Father in God, Witf/tfM 
 
 by the Divine Piovi- 
 dcncc,LordArchbill\op 
 of CMnterhury^ PrimatC 
 ot all England^zvi^ Me- 
 tropolitan : One of the 
 Lords of His Maji lUcs 
 molt HonourablePriuic 
 Counccll, and Chan- 
 ct llour of the Vniuer- 
 litic of Oxferd. 
 
 Bcarcth thefc two 
 Coats impaknl, vU. 
 Azure the pall of Can. 
 tertury Argent, thereon 
 tbiire CrolTcs Pattc ht- 
 chce Sable, edged and fringed, Or, the Croficr StaiK- and 
 CroflTc ereded in pale, being the Aimcsofhis Epifcoi^all 
 See, conjoyncd with his Lorddiips ownc Armes, (v/*.) 
 Sable on a Chevcron betweene three Starrcs, Or, as many 
 
 Croflcs Patee Fitchee Gulc$. , , ^ 
 
 He bcar- 
 
 eth Dia- 
 mond a 
 Feflb Er- 
 mine be- 
 tweene 3. 
 Creilants 
 Topaz. 
 This is 
 the Coatc 
 Armor of 
 the Right 
 Honour- 
 able Sir Thomas Coventry Knight Baron Coventry of Ales- 
 
 iorovjy 
 
Lhe liraclice of BlaT^onrie, 1 8 3 
 
 Ur0V)y Lord Keeper of the Great Sealc of EngiauJ^ and 
 one of His Majefties moll Honourable Priuy Counfell. 
 
 He bcarcth Topaz an 
 Eagle dilplaide regardant 
 Diamond, This is a very 
 ancient Coat-armour, and 
 Itandcth at this day in the 
 North Window of the 
 Chancell in the Parifh 
 Church of Wefion under 
 Luzurs, in the County of 
 Stafford^ as alfo carved in 
 divers places of the lame 
 Church, and fculped on 
 diuers Scales fixed to many 
 deeds made by Sir Hugh Je 
 Wr/?o»Knight,in theraignc 
 of King Htnry the third, 
 who then was Lord of the 
 Mannor of Wefim arorclaid, and Patron of the laid 
 Church : whofe Son Sir lohn dt Wefion Knight was alfo 
 Lord of the faid Manor, and fealed divers .nftrutnents 
 with the like Eagle : which Sir lohn de IVeJion was Aim- 
 ccrtor to the right honourable Richard Earlc of Portland^ 
 Baron Wtftm of Neylamd^ Lord high Treafurer of England^ 
 Lieutenant gencrallof the Province oi Southampton^ Lord 
 Governor of the He of Wighty and of all the Cartels and 
 Fortrefles of the fame, Knight of the Noble Order of 
 the Garter, and one of his Majerties moft honourable 
 Privy Counfell. 
 
 Thcl'c- 
 
i84 
 
 The praBice of B/ao^onrie. 
 
 Thefe two Shields are properly belonging to the Right 
 Honourable Mary Countejfe of Nottingham and Martha 
 Count ejfe ofHoldemes^ daughters of the Right 'vjorJhipfuU 
 Sir iVtUiam Coka'me Knight and Alderman^ fometime 
 Lord Major of the Honourable Citie of London, whofe 
 Coate Armor is Argent three Cockes Gules, Armed, 
 Crefted, and felloped' Sables with a Creflant on a Creffent 
 to diftinguilh his branch fro.n the chiefe ftocke of his 
 Family, being the woriliipfull Thomas Cokaine of Alhburne 
 in the County of Derhy Efquirc: Sonne of Edward 
 CokaineYJo^mxc: SonneofSir Thomas Cokaine of Afliburne, 
 Knighted at the winning of Edenburgh in Scotland by 
 the Earle of Hertfort Anno i5'44. He was divers 
 times high SLcriffe of the Counties of Derby and 
 Nottingham, and dyed the of November 1^91. Lyeth 
 entombed at Alhburne aforcfaid. Be was the fonne and 
 hcire of Francis Cokaine of Afliburne Efquire, Ann. lyxo. 
 fonne and heire of Sir Thomas Cokaine of Afliburne. 
 Knighted at Tumey and at Turneys, as on his Tombe in 
 Afliburne Church appeareth. He was the fonne and heire 
 of Thomas Cokaine of Afliburne Efquire Amio. 3 H. 7 
 fonne of lolbn Cokaine of Afliburne Efquire, brother to 
 
 <• 5iVedd.> 
 
The PraBice of Bla-z^nry. 1 8 f 
 
 William Coltaine, father if-m::* Cokaine^ father oF 
 Roger Cokahie of Baddtn*. , lathci uf^ ff'"}am Cokahie 
 London Efquirc, father c T ^hc faiu Sii iViUiam Cokaine 
 Knight and Alderman ot T endon. 
 
 The which two brcthr^.i l.b:. ^nhaine of AOiburne 
 Efquirc, and William albrcfaid, were the fonnes of Sir 
 lohn Cokaine of Aflibume Knight, who made three feverall 
 wils, each foaled with the three Cockes in a fJiicId, where 
 the Crelt is a Cockes head, the one was Anno 6. H. 4. 
 the other were 15. H.4. and 14. H.4. hedyed Ahxo 15. 
 H, 6. and was the fonnc of Edmund Cokaine of Aflibume 
 Efquirc, who there iiued Anno ^. H. 4. and married 
 Elizaheth the Coufen and hcire of W/l/iam HerthuU ; the 
 which Edmund was the fon of Ichn Cok^une of Afliburne 
 that lived An. 4^. of Ed. 3 . fonor 2o^» Cokaine of Aihburnc 
 that there Jived An. \~.Ed. z. fonne of another loht 
 Cokaine of Afliburne that there lived An. Ed. i. fonne 
 of WtUiam Coquaine or Cokaine of Afliburne An. 28. Ed. \. 
 
 He beareth quarterly Or 
 and G«/w, over all a bend 
 Vairc. Thiswas the Coate 
 Armour ot the right Ho- 
 norable Bicherd Sacivill; 
 Baron of Buckhurfi^ and 
 Earle of Dorfet^ whofe 
 living fame to pofteritie 
 will neucr liee forgotten j 
 his noL le fucceflor is the 
 Right Honorable Edward 
 Sackvill^ Baron of Buck- 
 hurfiy Earle of Dorfet^ 
 LordChamlx;rlainc to the 
 Queenes MajelHc, Knight 
 of the Noble Order of the 
 Garter^ and one of His 
 Ma. 
 
1 8 6 The Pmclice of Bla^un ry . 
 
 MaiclHcs Honourable Priuy Counfell, none ot whofc 
 Aunccftors (nor yet himfelfe) did euer dcfirc to quarter 
 any other Coats with it (although of Right they may) 
 for it is a very ancient Coatc Armour, as appcareth by 
 the booke of Knights of King Ed-ward the i. as alio by 
 diucrs Scales of thcfe very Armes, fixed to fundry deeds, 
 made by this Family in the time of King H. the about 
 which time they were painted and let vp in the winuowcs 
 of their Mannor Houfc, called SackviUs, and m the 
 Churches of Bergholt and Mount Buret in Efex, where 
 they yet remaine, as alfo in the Abbey of Begham in Kent, 
 fomctimc of their Foundation, in the Raigne of Kmg 
 lohn : and in iVithyham Church in Sujfex, where fucce^ 
 fiuely they haue beene buried more then jooyeeres, with 
 fevcrall Tombcs. , _ , 
 
 The Aunccftors of this Noble Family were Frenchmen 
 borne, taking their Surname of a Towne in Normandy 
 called SackviU^ whereof they were Lords, and came into 
 England, xotht ayde of Duke WiUiam the Conquerour 
 as appcareth by an auncient ManL.icript or Chronicle ot 
 Brittaine, now in the Cuftody of Maftcr Ed-ujard Gwm, 
 a worthy preferver of Antiquities, where he is called a 
 Chiefetaine, and is the feuenth man ranked in a Catalogue 
 of names there : for as it may be obferved out of M'. 
 Camdens Remainet, that the better fort about the time ot 
 the Conqueft began to take vp Surnames, fo againe they 
 were not fettled amongft the common people, vntiD the 
 Raigne of King Edward the fccond. Hcc morcoucr 
 affirmeth, that the moft ancient andof btft account, were 
 derived from places, whereof this name of SackvtU is one. 
 And to addc yet more vnto it, Ordericus Vitahs the 
 Monkc, in his Kormane Story faith, that Herbrann de 
 SackviU was living in the time of Jf^i/ww the Conqueror, 
 being father of three noble Knights, lordan, mUtam 
 and Robert de SackviU, and of a vertuous and beautifull 
 Lady, named Avice, who was married to Walter, Lord of 
 
 Alfage 
 
The Pracltce of Blazonry, 1 8 7 
 
 ■^Ifage and HugleviU by wl om fliec had illuc, lordan 
 Lord of Alfage and Hugle-. that married lulian the 
 daughter of one Godfcall^ who came into England with 
 Quecne Adeline of Loueine, the wife to King Henry the 
 ftrft : After whofe death, the faid Queene married to 
 William de Alheney Earle of Arundell^ from whom the 
 now Right fionourabic, Thomas EarJe of Arundell and 
 Surrey, and Earle MarlhalJ of England \s defcended. Sir 
 lordaa de SackviU Knight, the cidcfl fonnc, was Sewer of 
 England by the gift of the faid Contjuerour, butliued and 
 dyed in Normandy. Sir Robert de SackviU Knight, the 
 younger fonne Jived in England^ and gave together with 
 his body, the Mannor of Wtckham in Suffolke^ to the Abbey 
 of Saint lohn Baptift in Colckefter^ leaving iflue a fonr.e 
 named Sir lordan de SackviU^ a very eminent man in the 
 time of King Richard the firft, as appeareth by a Charter 
 of the faid King, made to the Monkcs of Bordefley in 
 Buckinghamjhire. Sir lordan de SackviU, that obtained of 
 King lohn a Friday Market wcekely, and a Faire once a 
 yccre in his Towne of SackviU in Normandy, as faith the 
 Kings Publike Record:, in the Tower of London. Hollin- 
 fbeJ^fol. 1 85. doth there ranke lordan de SackviU, as a 
 Baron, calling him one of the aflTillants to the if. Peeres 
 of this Realme, to fee the Liberties of Ma^a Charta 
 confirmed. And for further proofe, that they were men 
 of no meanc ranke, it is apparent in the Red bookc of 
 the Exchequer in the 12. and r^.yeeresofthe faid Kings 
 raigne, in thefe words, Huhertus de Anejlie tenet, x. feod. 
 in Anejlie, & parva Hornmead^ & dimid. feod. in Anejlie 
 de Honore Richardi de Sackvyle. Againe, S. lordan de 
 SackviU Knight, grand-child to the faid lordan de SackviU ^ 
 was taken prifoner at the battaile of EueJJjam, for fiding 
 with the Barons againft King Henry the third, in the 49. 
 yeerc of his raigne,whofe fonnc and heirc, n^mcdAndrevj 
 SackviU, being under age at the time of liis fathers death, 
 and the Kings Ward, was likcwife impruoncd in the 
 
 Caftle 
 
1 8 8 The PraBicc of Blaa^onrie. 
 
 Caftlc of Dover ^ Anno 3. Edward t\ ^ I. and afterward 
 by the fpcciall command of the faid King, did marry 
 Ermyntude an Honourable Lady, of the houOiold to 
 Quccnc Elianor^ whereby he not oncly gainea the Kings 
 favour, but the greateft part of his Inheritance agame. 
 From whom the aforefaid Edijjard Earle of Dorfet (and 
 others) arc defcended ; one of whofe Aunceftors, by 
 marrying a daughter and co-heireof Rafe de Dew, fcnne 
 of Robert Pincerna, that held the Lordlliip of Buckhurji, 
 with divers other Mannors and Lands in Sufex, about 
 the time of the Norman Conqueft. In right of which 
 marriage, they have ever fincc continued Lords of the 
 faid Mannor of BuMurJt, with divers other Mannors 
 and Lands in Sujfexj &c. 
 
 He beareth Sable three Harts 
 heads cabbaged argent, tired 
 or, by the name of Cauendi/h, 
 and was borne by the right 
 Honorable, IFilliam, Baron 
 Cauendi/h of Hardwick in the 
 County of Derby, Earle of 
 Deuonjblere, and Vnclc to 
 William Cavendifi, Knight of 
 the Bath, Baron Ogle and 
 Vifcount Mansfield. Which 
 William Earle of Devonfi. was 
 fonneof Sirf^W^JW CavendiJJj, 
 of Chattepworth^ in the faid 
 County of Derby Knight, 
 Trcafurer of the Chamber t j 
 KingHfwrythc eight, Edward the fixt, and Quccne Mary, 
 by Ills wife Elizabeth, daughter of lohn Hard"^ick, of Hard- 
 nuick Efquire : the which Wtlliam, liarlc of DeuonJJjire, 
 being lately dcccafcd, hath left for liis fucccflbr the Right 
 Honourable WiUiam Baron Cavendijh Earle of Deuonjhire. 
 
 The 
 
The praHice of Bla'^onrie. 189 
 
 The Aunccllors of this Noble Family, called them- 
 felvcs Gernons^ whofe ifliie in proceffe of time aflumed to 
 themlclves, the furnamc of Cavendljh^ as being Lords of 
 the Towne ?.ad Mannor of Ca-vendijh in Suffofke ; out of 
 which family disbranched that famous Travailer, M. 
 Thomas Cavendijh^ who was the third that travailed 
 about the world, whofe voyage you lhall find fet dowiie 
 at large in the Englifti Difcoveries, written by M. 
 Hackluit. ' 
 
 m 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 He bearethpearle on a bend 
 of the Diamond, three Rofes 
 of tlu' firft, with a Crefcent 
 for a difference, by the name 
 of Carey. This is the proper 
 Coatc of the Right noble 
 Henry Lord Carey^ Baron of 
 HunfeUtty and Vifcount Roch- 
 ford, defccnded from the 
 ancient Family of the Careys 
 in the Countie of Devoxy 
 whofe Hopcfull fonnc is Sir 
 loiifx Carey Knight of the 
 Bath at the Coronation of 
 King Charles, 
 
 He 
 
1 9 o The prachce of B/aionry. 
 
 I Ic bcareth Or, a lion Ram- 
 panel regardant Sable, being 
 the Paternall Coate of the 
 Riglit Honourable Sir lohn 
 yaughan^oi the Golden grove 
 in the Countieof Carmarthen 
 in the Principalitie of Walles 
 Knight, Baron Faughan of 
 Mol'sngar, and Earle of Car- 
 bury in Ireland. 
 
 The Right Reverend 
 Father in God, William 
 luxon. Lord Bilhop of Lon- 
 don, Deane of His Ma- 
 jefties Chappell Royall. 
 
 Beareth thefe two Coats 
 impaled, {viz.) Gules two 
 Swords in Saltier Argent, 
 their Hilts, and Ponicls 
 extending towards the Bafe 
 of the Efchocheon, Or; 
 being the Armcs of His 
 Epil'copall See, conjoyned 
 with his Lordfliips owne 
 Armes, (viz.) Argent a 
 plainc Croffe Sable, bc- 
 tweenefbure Mores Heads 
 coupt at the Shoulders 
 proper. 
 
 Hee 
 
of Bla^nrie. 1 9 1 
 
 Hec beareth gules a 
 cheueron betweene ten 
 Croflfes patee argent. 4. 
 1. 1, i.and one : this is 
 the Coate Armour of 
 the honourable George 
 Baron Barkley of Bark- 
 ley Caftlcjinthc County 
 of Glocefier, 
 
 This forme of bearing, is 
 
 tearmed a Lozenge, and is 
 proper to women never 
 marryed, or to fuch in cour- 
 tefie as are borne Ladies; 
 who though they be married 
 to Knights, yet they are com- 
 monly Itiled and called after 
 the Sirname of their fathers, 
 ifhcbeanEarle; fbrthe grea- 
 ter Honour muft ever extin- 
 guifli the lefle : for example, 
 the bep.rer hereof is the Lady Mary Sidney, the late wife 
 of Sir Rohert Wroth Knight, and daughter of the right 
 Honourable, Rotert Lord ^Jhuy of Penflmrfi, Vifcount 
 UJle, Earic of Lelcefter^ and companion of the moft noble 
 Order of the Garter, who feemeth by her late publillied 
 Vrania inheritrix of the Diuine witof her Immortall Vncle. 
 This Coate you fliall blaze thus: flie beareth (on a Lozenge,) 
 Or, a Pheon Axure, which is the head of a dart (faith L-eigh, 
 in his Accedence of armory.) 
 
I p 2 The pradicc of Bla-^on rie. 
 
 Hce bearcth ot the Ruby, 
 three Rofes pearle, on a chicfc 
 of the firft ; as many Roics of 
 thefccontl. ThisCoatc apper- 
 taineth to the right Honour- 
 iblc Sir lulitu Cdefar Knight, 
 Maltcr ot the Roules, and one 
 of his Majcftics moft honour- 
 able Privy Councell, who is 
 defccndcd of the Noble and 
 ancient family of the Dalmarij 
 in Italy, X Gentleman worthy to be honoured, afwell tor 
 his lincerity, as his Icuc to good learning and all excellent 
 parts, vnto whom I acknowledge my felfc to be many 
 waycs obliged. 
 
 tlecre arc two Coatts im- 
 paled: and thus the husband 
 beareth his Wives Coate : in 
 the firrt hce bearcth on 
 a chicfe Saturve^ three Lions 
 heads crazed of the firft, by 
 the iiame of Bichardfon : and 
 it is thus borne by Sir Thomas 
 Richardpm of Hufiningham, in 
 the County of Norfolke, 
 Knight, Serjeant at the Law, 
 and late Speaker of the houfc of Commons in Parliament: 
 the fecond is borne by the mmtoi SouthtueU, and apper- 
 taincth to Dame Vrfula his Wife, who was daughter to 
 Mafter lohn SouthiueU of Barham, in the County of Suffolke, 
 Efquire a very good Lady : Mailer Serieant himlelfe dc- 
 ferving'much to be refpefted for his diligence and depth 
 of judgement in his profcirion. He was preferred to be 
 Lord chiefe luftice of the Court of Common Picas, and 
 is at this day Lord chiefe luftice of the Kings Bench. 
 
 Hce 
 
3 
 
 1 
 
 r be Prague of B/a^onry. 1 9 j 
 
 Hee beareth Sable, D*hx 
 flanchts Ermine. Sttr It tout 
 
 vfie efloiUe a hu'iEi rates ^ ou rai- 
 ons d'or. The lirft inftitution 
 of this Coate was with a 
 llaric of 8. points, as appcar- 
 cth by fundry Churches in 
 Norfolke^ where this fkmily 
 had its beginning. Where it is 
 as I have feene it,drawne with 
 lixe, it is ignorantly miftaken, 
 , ^. , , for the 8. points were fitted 
 
 to the proportion of the field, thereby adding mor luftre 
 and beauty to the Coat, difpredding themfelves ftom the 
 nombrill or middle part of the Efcotcheon. 
 
 It IS borne by the name of Hohart, and was the proper 
 Coate of Sir lames Hotart Knight, Atturncy Gcnerall 
 vnto King Henry the fcuenth, a right good man, withaU 
 of great learning and vvifedomc; he builded the Church 
 ot l^odthn^ and Saint OW/, commonly called Saint 
 Tooltes Bridge in the Countie of Norfolke. 
 
 This worthy Knight lyeth buryedvnder a faire monu- 
 inent in the middle Le on the Northfide in Chrifts Church 
 m Norwtch^ But it is now borne (with the Coate of Vlfter 
 by the gift of King lame nto him as a Barronet) by 
 tne Honourable and Nobly minded Sir Henry Hohart 
 Knight and Baronet, Lordchiefe luftice of the Common 
 FJcas, of Bhcklmg in the countie of Norfolke • whofe vp- 
 rightncfle in luftice, and loue to his Countrey, hath (like 
 his ownc Starre communicative of it felfe) difperled the 
 fairer beames into all places: he being fately deceafed 
 hath Jeft the fame to his worthy fonne and fucccflbr Sir 
 lohn Hotart Knight and Baronet. 
 
 m 
 
 :e 
 
 u 
 
 Hee 
 
Noie that Sir 
 Jthn ttmt 
 diith let downe 
 for Sif^fJi 
 CoJtf, Or, 1 
 Lyon rimpint 
 purpurc : out 
 our learned 
 Heralds deny 
 the fame, 
 atHrming it to 
 bee /.*7f/ 
 Coate, Baron 
 of TontefniT, 
 and haue 
 regiftred for 
 S^ellt true 
 Coate, Gules, 
 a pale Fufite, 
 Or, as afore- 
 faid. 
 
 1 94 The Pratiice of BlaT^onry. 
 
 Hoc hcarcth quarterly, eight 
 Coatts,(T//2..) the firft,quarter- 
 ly Gules and Vaire, ouer all a 
 Heiid D'or,by thcnameofC#»- 
 fiahle: the i"ccondGulcs,a pale 
 Fulilt Or, by the nameof Haul- 
 ton: the thirdOr,achicfc azure, 
 by the name of Llzours : the 4. 
 checkey Or 5c Gules,on achate 
 argent, a Lyon paflant fable, 
 by the n.inic of Comher'woTth : 
 the fift, argent, two barrcs iu- 
 frrailed fable, by the name of Stalnet: the fixt, argent, a 
 cheveron betwcene three Martkt.s, fil)le, by the name ot 
 ^rgum ; the feventh Or, a plainc crollc Vert, by the name 
 ofHujfey: the eigb' -xvid laft, Argent on a chiefe fzble, 
 two Mullets Or p-. -d Gules, by the name of Wrfy* ; 
 vpon the Center, an Efchocheon, with the Armes of 
 l^/pr. being an augmentation of honour given by our 
 Sovcrai[jne Lord Kin^r j^wpj, to the Order of Barronets, 
 &c. Which are the quarterings of the much reipeded. 
 Sir PTiUiam Conftatle of Flamhurgh in the County of 
 rorvf, Barronet. Her- cannot pafle, (having occahon) 
 t ut give a little toucr )f the Antiquity of this family of 
 Covfiahle^ taking tlieir Sirname from the oiTice of ConfiaS/e 
 of C>&f/?fr, called in Latinc, ConeftaMif,^ ConftahHlarm , 
 which their anceftors held. For 
 King IViUiam the Conqucrour prcfcntly afterthe Conquell, 
 made Hugh Lupus the firll Earlc Palatine of Chefier^ to 
 hold the faid whole County of him, tta lihere ad gladium^ 
 ficut iffe Rex tenehat AvgUam ad Coronam. And the i aid 
 "Earle Hugh^ for the peaceable gouernment of his 
 country, &c. ordained vndcr him, (as the learned C amden 
 faith) eight Barons, they all being his trufty friends ; 
 whereof the principalleft was Nigell his Coufen, whom 
 he created Baron of Haultm : and for the valiant courage 
 
 and 
 
The PraSlice of Bhynry, i ^ j- 
 
 and boIdncfTc which KarIc Hu^h had often experienced 
 to Ix; in the man, he ordained iiim alio Conllable of 
 Ckefter an office of fpcciall truft, as in whom is rcpofed 
 the charge and guiding of all the fcnldicrs, horfes 
 Armour, and otl,er provifion of warre, appcrtaming to 
 t,ic i .ul Lupus^ which tiien was a princely pcrfon, and 
 ot great dignitic. The faid hUgelJ was fonnc of W 
 Vifcount Conflantme in Normandy^ by Emma, filter to 
 hnrle of Br/VW; and liad illuc, IT.IJiam the 
 Cofjjhh/e ot Chejfer, Founder of the Abbey of Kortc,, 
 whofe daughter hcire to his brother H :L'>,.,, was Thi, bji^, 
 
 nurryed to Eu/f.ne Fitz-Mn (a Noble Baron) the fonne "^"^'Pt 
 otM» Monoc:,Ius^Lovdo{ K?,arshurgh, brother and hcire 
 
 bu, kl i^ ^c'a} R-gne'of the Conqueror K^^S" 
 
 bunded the Cufllc of Knarshurgh xn tlie Countie of r«;rir • a»f^.th^; 
 tlie laid Serlo and lokn, being the fonnes of Euftace ^""^-M 
 ^ Korman-^ And the above named Euftace Fitz lohn ^^^'^ ''V- 
 with the conk-nt of the faid ^gve, his firfl wife! 
 Founded tlie MonalKiy of If'atton m the Countie of 
 Tcrie After her death, hcc marrycd Beatrix, the onely 
 daughter and heirc of///., Lord Fe/cy,^.■\^h ,vhom he had 
 the Baronies of Ma/to» and Ahiuicke. and with her 
 conftnt he alfo Founded the Abbeys at Malton and 
 ^W^f,and the Hofpitall ofEroughtov: and fliortly after 
 the faid Euftace Fitz.Iohn \oi\ alj his lands, but by media- 
 tion of iricnds, hce rccouercd them all againe of the 
 *^nig, c\CGY>^Knarsiurgh. He was a great man, and cmi- 
 nent amongfl the chiefeft of the Rcalmc, both *br his 
 great eftate and willdonie; at Jail hee was flaine in the 
 warrcs againfl the Welch, together with Roiert Courcy and 
 many others, in the firft yeere of He^iry t!it fccond • 
 caving illuc by the faid Beatrix, mHiaw] wiio aflumcd 
 to himlelle and his pofkritie, thcSirname and Armts of 
 i^ejcy from whom by the jittons and Bromflelts^ the 
 Lady A„ve Clifford, CountefTe of Dorfet is 1 neally dc- 
 icendcd. And the laid Euftace Fitz-lohu, by his wife Jgnes^ 
 
 o z had 
 
F« rue" 
 in Srjc.-A i* 
 W'tfimandfiirij 
 
 Vl pattt ft' 
 htftipliuum 
 
 JthminM. 
 
 1 9 6 The PraHice of Bla^onrie. 
 
 had illiic, Rich.ird Fitz Eujtace Baron of HauUon and 
 Conltablc ot chejler^ who in the beginning of theRaigne 
 of King Henry the iVtond, held one Kniglits fee in Smjth^' 
 in the Coiintv of Yorke. The faid Richard Fitx.-Eujlace 
 marrycd yllbred dau^'lUcr and heirc of EuJo dt lat-ourty 
 and hfter by the motlu-r, b.it not by tin- tatlu r, ot Rohert 
 Je Lacy^ Baron of Pontefra^t, and his heirc juia non kabutt 
 all am tarn propincjuam, aS Mafter Camden noteth, in whofc 
 ritrlitlicrpolh ritv enjoyed 60 Knights Fees of the Honour 
 Oi Pontefraa. The faid Richard fitz. EuJIace .xnd yllbred^ 
 had ilTuc lehn Conffaile of Chejter, and Baron of Haul t on ^ 
 Lord of the Mannor of Elarnh.rgh, who Hved in the 
 18. yeare of Henry fecond, and Roger Lord of Wark-worth 
 in Korthumhtrlend, from whom the ancient Barons ot 
 Clavtring, the Baron Etfrr, and Sir lohn Clavering of 
 Caloley in KorthumberLuid nre defcendcd. The faid 
 lohn ConftaUe of Chejler ^iy'.d in the holy land, in the 
 firft yccic of Richard i. at Tyre Us, Roger Hoveden hath) 
 leaving iiliie, Roe:er Covflahle of Chefter^ Baron of Haulton, 
 ^c. (father of ioh7, Ac Lacy, Earle of Lincohe) and Robert 
 Lacy, whofe polterity ailumed unto themfelvcs, the 
 furname of Conftahle : from which Robert^ in a diredt line 
 aredefcended. Sir iriUi.im ConftaUeoi F/aml>urgh,Bzronct ; 
 Marmaduke ConftaUe of Eueringham, Efquire, fonne ot Sir 
 Phi/lip ConfiaUe, Knight, late deceafed; Ckrijlopher 
 ConHahle of Hatfield^ Ei'quirc ; lames Conftahle of ClifFe, 
 Efquire, lohn ConfiaUe oi Carthorpe, YS^\n\rc, Marmaduke 
 
 ConHahledi Kerhy, Efquire,- CovRahle of 
 
 IVaJfam, Efquire: Sir lohn Co7iffaf-!e of Dromandhy, 
 Knight, with many others alfo living this prefent yecre, 
 
 ' <?Wath.> 
 
 He 
 
Ihc I' I (id ice of Bla-:{onrie. 197 
 
 He bcarttli A/ui t , ? },a;.'k 
 dilplaicd Silver, j\ i\w arr,.c 
 of Cotton. It is thus borne 
 (witli a Canton < ' !). 
 the learned and Wow a.)lc 
 Sir /ffl/'fr/ C0//M Knigct and 
 Baroiut, of Cummng'm in thr 
 County of Hmetm^don dc- 
 fccndf daii :icnt A v a youiu'.ci 
 brother from Xhn: tirueej oiitot- 
 _ a Gentleman, untowhom 
 
 not only our Brittairte^ (vt Europe her 1< ile is obliged, tor 
 his indullry, coll, and ca in collection ot lb ma' ■ -are 
 Manufcripts and other Monuments of vcnerabl 
 quity, being of the fanie moll free and communicati— , 
 to all men of learning and quality. 
 
 —,,^—,^^,„^^___ HebcarcthSabk',4C-!itucron 
 
 |2n /r^^I ' •^ ^'<^'"^" three Cinquefbiles 
 ti kr ^'^'*"-> -1 Canton dexter of 
 
 i-Sj>^>s^ <jy*fc' yiptr, as hee is Baronct,by the 
 narn( of /rW-f-ott/?. This Coat 
 thus lx)rne, d:d beioiig to Sir 
 Phillip lFoodhouJe^Kn\g\\i and 
 Baroiiit, of Kimhrly m the 
 County of Norfolke ; this 
 family is very ancient, for 
 they were Gentlemen of good 
 ,-. lofyn^ as It appeareth by many 
 ancient Grants and Evidences o theirs, which I have 
 feene. Moreover, I find out of a tairc parchment Manu- 
 Ic ipt in French, or colledio of the parliaments all the 
 tim • Ed-^. the third (which my honoured and worthy 
 fricnu Sir Hohtrt Cotton hath) and in the fourth ycere of 
 his raignc, at a ParUament to be holden at Wefiminjler. 
 a writ thus diredcd to one Roiert dt Woodhonfe, his 
 
 ranke in the time of Ki 
 
 Chaplamc and Treaiurcr. 
 
 Rex 
 
198 The Practice ofBlaT^ury. 
 
 Rex d'tleSo cler'ico fuo Roitrto de Woihoufe^ Archid'tacono 
 de Rtchmund Thefaurar'io fuo f alutem. Negotia nos & Jtatum 
 rtpti contingentia, &c. vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes 
 juod omnibtu alijs frxterm'tjjis^ &c. Befide I have feene 
 the Will of King Hetiry the fourth, and Henry the fifth, 
 where one was a Gentleman of Henry the fourth's 
 Chamber, and by his Will made one of his Executors, as 
 alfo hee was to Henry the fifth, who wrote his Letter to 
 the Prior, and Chapter of the Church oF the Trinitie in 
 Norwich, to give him leave to build himfclfe a Chappell 
 in tlieir Church. So that from time to time, they have 
 held an Honourableplace, and at this day are worthy ftayes 
 and pillars of luftice in their Countries. Nor mufti here 
 let fall the worth of two fonnes of this Gentleman, Sir 
 Thomas Woodhoufe Knight (and Baronet after the deceafe 
 of Sir Vhilip his father who married Blanch Sifter to the 
 Right Honourable Henry now Vifcount Rochfort) and 
 Mafter Ro^ Woodhoufe his brother. Gentlemen, notonely 
 learned, but accompliflied in what ever may lend Ijtfire 
 to worth and true Gentilitie. 
 
 He bearcth quarterly, the 
 
 firft Ax.ure\.sf!o barres daun- 
 cete or in chiefe, three bea- 
 fants by the name of Rivers, 
 the fecond Azure a feffe en- 
 grailed Argent furmountcd 
 by another not engraild 
 Gules, charged with three 
 Rofes Argent beiweene as 
 many Swannes proper, be- 
 ing an augmentation of 
 honour given to Sir Bar- 
 tholome-jj Rivers, Knight, by King Edw. the 4. in memory 
 of his faithful! and good fervice done to the houfe of Torke, 
 as appeareth by an inftrument in the cuftody of Sir George 
 Riversof Chafford in the Countieof Knight, as alfo in 
 the Tower ot London is to be fecnc C/auf. An. 5. Ed.^. M*. 
 
 11. 
 
The PraBice of Blas^otirte. ijjp 
 
 IX. Intus, that the fame King gave to the faid Sir Bartho- 
 lomew by Letters Pattents of liis efpeciall Grace, certaine 
 knowledge and meere motion threefcore pounds fer An. 
 during the life of the faid Sir Barthelemevj lUvers Knight, 
 whofe fonne WtUtam Rivers had a command over men in 
 the time of Ed. 4. and Henry 7. and made his Will the xi. 
 of March, An. 1^06. willing his body to be buried in the 
 Cathedrall Church of Rochejler^v/ho gaue that his Mefliiage 
 in Rochefter (now knowne by the figne of the Crowne) 
 to Alice his wife for Tearme of life, and after her de- 
 ceafe to remaine to Richard Riveri his fonne, and to the 
 heires of his body lawfully begotten ; and for want of 
 fuch, to remaine to the Parifli Church of S. Nicholas in 
 Rochejier. He gave alfo divers Legacies to the faid 
 Cathedrall Church, as alfo to the Church of S. Nicholas, 
 and to the Fraternity of Alisford with divers other places 
 in Kent : which Richard Rivers was father to Richard Rivers 
 of Fenfhurfi in Kent, Steward of the Lands of Edward 
 Duke of Buckingham, father of Sir lohn Rivers of Chaff ord 
 in Kent, Knight, fometime Lord Maior of London, father 
 of Sir George Rivers and of my worthy friend M. Edward 
 Rivers Marchant, a worthy member of this Honourable 
 City. Of which Sir George Rivers of Chafford afore 
 mentioned is defcended, that hopeiiil Gentleman Sr John 
 Rivers, Knight and Barronet, now living. 
 
 HeebcarethSable,a Fefle en- 
 grailed betweenethree Flower- 
 de-luces Silver, by the name 
 of Ajbjield of Stovi Langton in 
 the County of Suffolke. 
 
 This Coate Armour is very 
 ancient, as is proved by fun dry 
 bookesof Armes,Church win- 
 dowesandfeveralldeedSjWher- 
 of I have feen two bearing date 
 An. 1 8.12/<i&ifr</thefecond,with 
 
 fcalcs 
 
200 The PraBice of SlaT^pnrie. 
 
 fealesof this very Coatc fixed thereunto, with this infcrip- 
 tion about the fame (viz.) Sigillum Roierti de Ajhjield • 
 asalfo another deede bearing Date, Anno 5. Henry the 
 fixt, made from Robert the fonne of lohn Ajh^ieU of 
 Sto-ui Langton Efquire, to Simon Fincham^ and lohn 
 Whitlocke^ with a faire Scale of red waxe : whereupon 
 was a Griffon Sejant, with his wings difplayed, over whofe 
 body is this Armes, with this inscription about the whole 
 Seale (viz.) S. Robertt de Ajhfield Armig. The above 
 named Robert Ajhjield buildcd the Church of Sto'w Langton, 
 in the Quire whereof (which I have feene) hce 'veth buried 
 vnder a faire Marble; he was fervar': vnto the blacke 
 Prince, whom he followed in his warrcs in Franc*. This 
 Coate is thus borne by Sir lohn Ajhfield Knight, fole 
 heire of that Family, now Gentleman of the bed Chamber 
 to Prince Charles. 
 
 Hee beareth quarterly foure 
 Coates, (viz.) the firft Gules a 
 Cheveron, Or, betwecne three 
 Cocks Argent,beaked,combed 
 and membred Or, by the name 
 of Crov) : the fecond parted per 
 pale Gules and Azur^ a Lion 
 rampant Argent pelleted, by 
 the name of Stocket : the third 
 Gules a Boare paffant Argent, 
 by thenameof Bo<»rtf.- the fourth 
 and lalt quarterly Or andG»/», 
 a bend Vairediftinguiflied with a Creflant Sable for differ- 
 ence, by the name of SacivilJ. And for his Crcaft on a 
 wreath of his colours a Cocke Argent, beaked, combed 
 and membred Or. 
 
 This ancient name and Family of Cro-w, was anciently 
 of Suffolke ; for about the time of King Edward the 4. 
 Thomas Crow of Suffolke, the elder, purchafed Bradffed 
 in Kenty whofe fonne Thomas Crov; the younger married 
 
 loane 
 
The PraHice of Bla:^onry. 201 
 
 loane the onely daughter and heire of Nicholas Boare^ Ion 
 of lohn, fonne of Richard Boare, that married Lora the 
 daughter of Simon Stocket of Bradjied in Kent. The afore- 
 faid loane brought to Thomas her husband, his houfc 
 called Stockets^ with aChancell built by the above named 
 Simon Stocket^ as appeareth by a French deed tempore Edw. 
 the 2. As alfo a houfe and certaine land called Boares ; by 
 whom fliee had iflTue lohn Crow the elder, father of Henry 
 Crozu^ father of IVilliam Crow of Bradfied Efquire, who 
 married Anne the fecond daughter and Coheire of lohn 
 Sackvill of Chiddingleigh in Sujfex^ Efquire. The faid 
 Mannor of Chiddingleigh hath beene in the poffeflion of 
 the Sackvills above three hundred yeeres, and at this day 
 is part of the inheritance of the Right honourable Ediu..rd 
 Sa ckvill Earle of Dorfet and Baron of Buckhurfl ; which 
 William Crow and Anne his wife hath ilTue Sackvill Crovt^ 
 their fonne and heire now living, Created Baronet by 
 King Charles. 
 
 Hee beareth partie per pale, 
 Argent and Gules, a bend 
 Counterchanged. This was the 
 proper Coate of our famous 
 Poet Sir Geoffrey Chaucer 
 Knight, who was fometime 
 Mafter of the Cuftome-houfe 
 in lAudm^ and allyed by 
 Katherine S-winford to lohn of 
 GaimtDakcofLancaffer^ He 
 lyeth tHiried at IVeffmimffer : 
 his Epitaj^ being made over him by Mafter Nicholas 
 Brigham. 
 
 The 
 
2 2 The PraSlice of Blazon ry. 
 
 The field is parted per pale 
 Gules and Azure three Eagles 
 difplaide Argent, a Labcll Or 
 for difference, this Coate Ar- 
 mour pertaineth to Sir Robert 
 Cbke, Knight. 
 
 He bcareth Pearle, a Cheve- 
 ron Saphire, betweene three 
 Squirrels Seiant of the Ruby, 
 by the name of Lovell. This 
 Coate is thus borne by the 
 Right Worfliipfull Sir B-aneis 
 Love II, Knight, in the County 
 of Norfolke. 
 
 This was alfo the Coate of 
 Sir Thomas Lovell^ Knight of 
 theGartcr,made by King Hwry 
 the fcuenth, of whofc lioufe hee was Treafurcr and 
 Prefident of the Councell. This Sir Thomas Lovell was a 
 fift fonne of Sir Ralph Lovell of Barton BendiJ}}, in the 
 County of Norfolke. This his Coate with the Garter 
 about itjftandethover Lincolnes-Inne-Gate. He Founded 
 the Nunnery of Haliiiuell (where was alfo his houfe) on 
 a wall of which not many yeeres fmce was to be read 
 this Infcription. 
 
 y4U ye Nu»s ofHalliiveU, 
 
 Fray ye both day and nighty 
 
 For the Souie of Sir Thomas Lovell, 
 
 Whom Harry the feuenth made Knight. 
 
The Pra&ice of B/aa^onry. 203 
 It appcareth alfo that Sir ff^iUiam LoveU, Lord Mor/ej^^ 
 was Knight of the Garter: for in Mor/eji* Church, •inNorfblke. 
 the feate of his Barony, is yet remaining in a gJafle- 
 window (which I have feene) this Coate, with the Garter 
 about it. 
 
 Hee beareth partie per pale 
 yfzur and Gulet^ over all a 
 Saltier^ Or, by the name of 
 Cage^ and doth rightly belong 
 to Sir lohn Cage oF CamMdge- 
 ffjire Knight, of whofe family 
 is Tobias Cage of Grayes Inne, 
 and lohn Cage of Lincolnes 
 Inne, two towardly Gentle- 
 men, both fonncs of Nicholas 
 C<»^f of London,younger fonne 
 of Anthony Cage of London by the Lady Hart his Wife. 
 Which Anthony Cage was father of Anthony Cage father 
 of the faid Sir lohn Cage Knight. 
 
 The field is Or, a Cheveron 
 betweene Leopards heads, 
 Sable. This Coate Armour 
 appertaineth to the Family of 
 the IFheeiert, anciently of 
 MartinhuJJingtree^ in Wor- 
 cejter/hire ; where for a long 
 continuance they enioyed 
 their Seate : from whom Sir 
 Edmund Wheeler of Riding- 
 Court, in BuckingkamJJjire, is 
 lineally defcended; whobear- 
 eth this Coate, differenced with a CrcfTant, to flicw that 
 he is a fecond Brother. Sir lohn Feme (a profound 
 Author) doth give it them in fpeciall charge, to entertaine 
 this opinion j that when they fee the head of any Beail 
 borne in Armes, they fhould averre tiiat bearing to bee 
 
204 T^^^^ Pratlice of Biayjfirte. 
 
 moft Honourable j alleadging this fignificant reafon j that 
 the Bearer durllrefolutely encounter his Adverfary, face 
 to face: which gave occafion to a Gentleman of this 
 Name, and Family, (ftudious in the Secrecies of Armory) 
 to allumc tor his JV/or/o : Facie Tenus, which evidently 
 difcovereth the mindc of the Embleme contained in the 
 Charge. 
 
 The interpofition here of this Chcveron, caiiftth thcfe 
 three Heads to be in effidt vnited in one j i'uch is the 
 efficacy of an Honourable Ordinary. Some writers affirme 
 the Cheveron to be a nuchanicall bearing, fit for Car- 
 penters, and that by them it was firft borne : which vaine 
 conjedlure (faith Sir lohn Feme) carryeth as much likeli- 
 hood of truth with it, as that a Maunch was firft borne 
 by a Tayler, becaufe this Craftsman is skilfull in cutting 
 out a Sleeve. Here I cannot but take a juft occafion to 
 vindicate the Cheveron, becaufe I have heard this 
 Honorable Ordinary viUlied by fo many, deferving as 
 much, or rather more refped, than any of the nine. 
 Firft then, touching the Antiquitieof this bearing; Writers 
 deliver vpon their credit that FenJa King of Merda^ did 
 beare. Gules, a Cheveron Argent, betweene three Eftoilcs. 
 Examples in the Nobility, are pregnant. Guf that valiant 
 Earle of fVarwieke, did bearc Checquie, Or, and Azure, 
 a Cheveron Ermine. Rotert^ Baron of Stafford^ did beare, 
 Or, a Cheveron Gules. The ancient family of the 
 Sbeffeildt, bore Argent, a Cheveron between three Gmries 
 Gules. Secondly, the Cheveron, for matter of honourable 
 fignification, is not inferiour to any of the reft. For 
 fometimes it ftandeth for the Embleme of an eftablifhed 
 houfe ; fometimes for the Hierogliphicke of atchieving 
 Ibme honourable enterprifes. M'. Bofwell (in his Armory 
 of Honour,)accounteththefame a truefignc of perfedion; 
 and Sir lohn Ferne (in his bookc intituled, The glory 
 of Generofity) refemblcth it to a fbrme of Bataglia 
 ranged, and marihalled, Cheveron-wayes : which in 
 
The PraHice of B/n^onry. 2 of 
 
 this resped, may properly import Ibme notable feruice 
 done to our Country, in time of warrc. This Author 
 writing in defence of the fame, laith, that the Chcveron 
 hath beene as ancient an Englifli bearing, as either Barre, 
 Bend, Pale, FefFe, or the like : wherefore I queftion not 
 but thefe proofes, and examples, may be of force fuffi- 
 cient, to induce you to conclude with me, in behalfe of 
 this Honourable Ordinary, Tlgmm mm haiet 
 nip iptorantem. 
 
 He beareth Argent, 3 . pallets 
 Gii!cs,over all a Cheveron Or. 
 This Coate is thus borne by 
 the Right Honourable Sir 
 Ed-ward Barkham Knight, late 
 Lord Major of the Citie of 
 London j who for his care and 
 wifdome, in the difcharge of 
 his fo high a place, worthily 
 meriteth to be ranked with the 
 moil deferuing. 
 
 He beareth Vert, fretted Or, with 
 a CrefTant for a difference, by the 
 name of Whitmore. This is the 
 proper Coate of the Right Wor- 
 fliipfull and worthy Mailer Getrg* 
 fPhitmore^ at this time one of the 
 SherifFes of the Honourable City of 
 London, Greene of all colours is faid 
 moft to comfort and preferve the 
 fight, 5c naturallygladdeth the heart 
 of man; the earth in her grcateft pride being of this 
 colour : fo that Fert and Gold are colours moft glorious 
 to behold, and to the bearer imply Rickes and Comfort^ 
 which I wifli he may not want, being reputed a right 
 honeft Gentleman. 
 
 He 
 
2o6 
 
 The PratUce of B/na^ofirv. 
 
 HebcarethFulilic, Ermine 
 and Sable, on a chiefe of the 
 fccond, three Lillies. This is 
 the Coate of Magdalen Col- 
 ledge in Oxford, Founded by 
 that famous Prelate William 
 de Wa'injlet, fimamed Patten. 
 He was borne in WainJIet, 
 a little town by the Sea in 
 Uncolnjbirey Ann. 1459. 
 
 Hee bcareth Azure, two 
 Lions endorfed Or. This is 
 an honourable bearing; and 
 was (faith Gerrard Leigh) the 
 Coziioi Achilles at the fiedge 
 <rf Troy. 
 
 Hee beareth Pearle, a FefTe bc- 
 tweene fixe Annulets of the Rubie, 
 by the name of Lucai. This Coate 
 belongcth vnto Mafter Thomas 
 Ljtcas of Cotchejier^ in the Countie 
 of Ejjex, Efquire, lately deceafed. 
 
 This worthy Gentleman was 
 much to be commended in the 
 education of his children, fparing 
 neither coil nor diligence to fur- 
 
 nilli them with the beft and moft commendable Qualities. 
 1 know not (I fpeake freely) whether not onely Effex^ 
 
 but 
 
Tbe PraBice of B/as^onrie. 207 
 
 but Eng/anJy can fhew a young Gentleman of fifteene 
 
 yeeres of age, morcaccompliflicd every way then Maftcr 
 loia LucaSy his ronnc, now his lucceflor, who not oncly 
 vnderftandcth and fpeaketh the Latinc, French, Italian, 
 and is well entred into tlie Spanifli, a good Logician, 
 playcth his part on the Violl, Daunceth, ridcth a great 
 Horfc admirable well, yet never tiavelled, or faw Vni- 
 verfitie : but by his father for the languages, and the dili- 
 gence of Mafters in other qualities. Intra domtjiicot parittts^ 
 hcreinhe hath attainedforhisyeercsto no meane perfe<^ion. 
 And if hereto pcrfonage, carriage and good demeanour 
 may adde ought, I thinke him fecond to none of his age 
 and ranke whatfoever. I fpeakc the more liberally, for 
 that I fee great numbers of our hopeful] Gentry, to fpend 
 many yeeres abroad in fruitlefletravaile, returning for the 
 moft part worfe then they went, and to wafte much time 
 and money to no end in the V^niverfitics, which it had 
 beene better for feme they had never feene. 
 
 Hce beareth Ermine, a bend 
 Gules, cotized Or, by the name 
 of lenney. It is a faire and an 
 ancient Coatc, the field being 
 Ermine, it is cfteemed the 
 richer: the Duke of Brifaines 
 Coate bceing onely Ermine, 
 without any ether charge, is 
 efteemed one of the faireft 
 bearings of Europe. And for 
 that the Lord Zouchis defccnded 
 from the Dukes of BritMne^ hee beareth with his 
 Beafants a Canton Ermine. This Coate is borne (though 
 with a difference) by Mafter J^rthur lenney^ Efquire, a 
 Gentleman in his owne worth anfwering every way the 
 goodnefle of his Coate. 
 
 He 
 
2 o 8 '/ he Praciice of Bla^onrie. 
 
 He bcareth Or, a Lion Ram- 
 pant Sablc,armcd and langued 
 Gulcs, bctwcene three Flower- 
 de-luces Azure, by the name 
 
 of Fa'ireclough. This is an 
 ancient Family in thcCountie 
 o't Lancafter^ whence the Taire- 
 cloughes c)t IVeflon in Hertford- 
 Jhire, and thole of Bedford/hire 
 derive themftlves ; as alfo 
 my iclfe and my brother 
 Matter Ricfrard Peacham of Levertotty in HoUand^ in the 
 Countie of Lincolne^ our mother being of the fame name 
 and Family. A Gentleman of this houfe was Standard- 
 bearer vnto the Lord Stanley at the battell of Bofworth^ 
 who came with his Lanct{fhire Forces to the aide of the 
 Earle of Rjchmmd, who next under God was afliiredly 
 the meanes of gaining that day. 
 
 
 ^ A. h< 
 
 
 
 Hee beareth quarterly in the 
 
 firft quarter Gules ; a Salteir 
 betweene foure Croifets Fitches 
 Silver, by the name oi Brampton 
 of Brampton . Tht- lecond Ermin 
 a chiefc eudtntcd Gules, by the 
 name of Broome the third as 
 the fecond, the fourth as the 
 firft. Either of thefe Coatcs are 
 ancient, and borne thu^ 
 
 tercd by Mailer Henry Brampton of Bio-Norton^ 
 Countie of Norfolke^ Elquire. 
 
 quar- 
 in the 
 
 Hcc 
 
The prafitce of B/aio/tr/e. 209 
 
 Hcebc-artthOr, aDoIphinc ha- 
 liant Azure; if luf llool m I-Vllc 
 l.c uxrc naiant or Iwimming; the 
 Dolphinc is to be reckoned among 
 thole Creatures which arc (jnKdi'- 
 Opcu-nuy or tiicndly to man. For 
 liee wiJI follow a fliip at Sea many 
 leagues, to eiiioy the fjcht of men. 
 Our painters commonly draw liim 
 crooked anil bending, when he is 
 as Ihaight a Filli as any other. 1 ke is borne (of thefc 
 colours) naiant by the Dolphinc oi' France. 
 
 jft-.AtHAM 
 
 He heareth Gules, three 
 Keycs Silver bctwcenc .1 many 
 Flower-de-luccs, Or : had the 
 field becne ^zure,l would iuve 
 fuppofcd it to have been the 
 Amies of fome great City or 
 port Towne in France^ thofc 
 Kcyes borne as a fignc of the 
 great fruit they were put in, 
 and as a remembrance of their 
 fidelity. 
 
 Hee btareth empaled, the 
 firft Argent on a bend Gi:!es 
 ceitizcd Sable, 5. wings em- 
 paled e)t the firlt (with a mullet 
 for a difference) by the name 
 of ^?y?f/d',thciecondpcarle 
 bctwcenc three Talbots pal- 
 fant of the Diamond, a Che- 
 vcron of tlic Ruby, by tiie 
 name of Talhot. 1 giue you 
 more inftanccs of empale- 
 P ments : 
 
2 X o 7 he prnrhce af BlaT^onry. 
 
 niciits: lucaul'c I dcliu \ou lluaild Ik'c better ivtiuaintcd 
 with tlic lame. 
 
 Tliis Coitc of Talbo: ,oii!jcth vnto the Ri^ht wor- 
 lliibfuU Matter TLotnas T.-i^ \ ! > jdtour ot the Civil! Law, 
 d( Militrs HaU in IVlmotrj .^n, the County of Ktrfolk*, 
 a very learned and hontll f icntitman. 
 
 fiek. is CJmIcs a FelTc 
 via iiKCtc et .ant , bctwecnc 
 io.biIlets,Or4.. i.by 
 the 1 Ml. of Harf y, of which 
 1 imily a e Ea ard Harh of 
 Adfion in the County of 
 Hifrthamft' clement ^lob^xv\<\ 
 Erafmw irhy ot lam dan 
 Ma. chants, Vncics to the laid 
 Edviard Harbj. 
 
 Hcbi a it. Silvcr,aPii. 'rec 
 with the Apj ies proper, ii is 
 lx>rnc by the name of Pine. 
 T he P inc g r ow V h abun d antly 
 vpon the cold u^ntames of 
 Norway^ in Detmmrke^ Litf- 
 lanJ, am* thofe countries, 
 whence w -c hive them for 
 Maftcs for fliippc?. There are 
 two lorts 'f the . , the male 
 and female, the one illed Fi- 
 vaHer or the wilde Pine, the other female, one y P/»w • 
 wiiich hath cai fed a general! ern among oir Schoole- 
 malters in conltruing tliat in the Gramm.ir^ laspfitus^ 
 Mm Of f a ffer, whereof the i ioft ignorant conlh it f 
 /.«/<> expl»inH. a Pine tree, Mas, the ifcu' nt Ti ofe 1 th,: ke 
 themielves of better iudgenient . arne it lo .»uf . {ind 
 fo many Crammers have it printed) but that i as taii- as 
 
I hi prai (i of ^ iy)nr/r. 2 1 1 
 
 tlic t>liicr, . Lvcr ' , n 'fall r>!Ct. 011a r Its 
 
 .uui Aiitlu) the : iiii r ; . c tiiil i is, Mi>s 
 
 ViuitSj the male or tl; fiiiv. .ncj )r iiuitcd Lilly might 
 
 have Tilt (to ' ivc pt t it (Hit *" < Kition) Ph ((tr^ Mm 
 
 Oleajlt hui\.x\\ it i ! I i.! aii arlli and .nplialm^ 
 
 Cactmp a voiirt, car . J \ ut this by 
 til' wa, 
 
 .lar .of 
 -i. s ic pa; -all 
 t '111 .IS H'oii of 
 Ulc County of f^^"*, 
 
 f ■ beareth Argent, three 
 Ph< >- Sable. This Coate is 
 icicn' and borne b a worthy 
 ^ntlcnian a friend to the 
 Mufes in all good parts, and 
 now living beyond the Seas. 
 
 He 
 
212 
 
 The pra^ice of Bla^onrie. 
 
 Hcbcartth^r^fwr- aCheve- 
 ron Azure bctwccne 3. Trey- 
 foiles Vert. The Trcytbilc is 
 the Herald of the Spring, and 
 the ftril gralTc that appeareth ; 
 hereupon it was the Emblcme 
 of Uofe. For Hope anciently 
 was painted like a young and 
 a beautiful 1 child of a fweet & 
 fmiling countenance, ftand- 
 ing on tiptoe, in a long and 
 wide robe of white and greene, with a Trcyfoile ^r: the 
 hand ; the tender age flieweth the Infancy of Hope; the 
 I mihnK cheerc,thefwcctnes and plcafure Oie apprehendeth 
 in her thoughts; ftandii^ on tiptoe, iheweth her vn- 
 certaintic and vnftcadincfle : the long and wide robede- 
 clareth, lliee never pincheth or bindeth her conceit, but 
 alloweth her imagination the largeft fcope : the Trcfoile 
 lignifieth,it is alwayes fpring with her, whofecolours white 
 and grccnc, ili-.c is clad in. 
 
 He beareth Gules,thrce Fer- 
 maulx Or by the name of Gim- 
 ton, the Buckle is a bearing 
 both ancient and honourable, 
 not onely with vs here in 
 England, but alfo in France, 
 
 Witnefle the Coate Armour 
 of l^wes fire de Graville, alias 
 GirardvUe Admirall of FraHce^ 
 Anno 1^83. which is the fame 
 ^ which Gunton beareth, the 
 
 French deriving the word Fermaulx from firmus doc 
 thereby declare ti e nature and office of the Buckle, it 
 being the true Emblemc of Fidelity and Conftancy, and 
 Mars keeping the Field may coniovnd properly import 
 fomc trufty fervicc in the time of Warre. 
 
Oj Exercije of the Body. 
 
 213 
 
 Hebeareth Azure, two Cref- 
 fents in chicfe, Or, and one in 
 bale Silver. 1 know not the 
 owner of this Coate, oncly I 
 found (it) in a Church in 
 Brabant^ and for the rarity, 
 (for fcldome haue I feene the 
 like) placed it here to conclude 
 the rclt. 
 
 Chap. XVI. 
 
 Of Exercije of // ^ body. 
 
 I Now from your private ftudy and contemplation, 
 bring you abroad intotiie open fields, for exi cife of 
 your Body, by fome honeft recreation, fincc Arijiotle 
 requireth the lame in the Education of Nobility and all 
 youth, fincc the mind from the Ability of the Body 
 gathereth her ftrength and vigor. Anciently by the Sdomjf. 
 Civill Law thefe kinds of Exerdfes were onely allowed ^^^^ ''^"^ 
 of, that \si:vy\ia\La, biaKOS, bpofios, hiaX^j-a, ttciKi], and which 
 arethe cxercife of Armes by fingle combatc, as running at 
 Tilt-barriers', &c.Coiting, throwing the hammer, fledge, 
 and fuch like, Running, jumping, leaping, and laltly 
 wrcftling : for the firft, it is the moft Noble, thofe Epi- 
 thites of Imtoxipfiris and ImroSofio;, iiave beene the attri- of Horfeman. 
 butesof Kings and Princes, whofedelight in ancient times niip, 
 was to ride and mannagc great horfes. Hereby you are 
 ennabled for command, and the fervice of your Coun- 
 trcy. And what, faith Tul/jf^ can be more glorious, then 
 to bee able to preferue and fuccour our Country, when 
 ilice hath neede of our helpe? It is the onely Com- 
 ' barmiu, 1634, t66x. 
 
 mendation 
 
214 Of Excrcije of the Body. 
 
 mendation that Salufi gives to lugurth^ -who did not (faith 
 he) pve himfelfe over to he corrupted by Sloath and Riot (as 
 many of our Gallants now adayes doe) iut as it is the 
 cufiome of that Nation^ exercifed himfelfe by riding, throw- 
 ing the dart, and running with his equals : and though 
 he excelledall other in the heightof glory, notwithltanding 
 he was held deare and beloved of all men, &c. And 
 Co'far vfcd the cxercife of riding fo much, and hereby 
 became fo adtive and skilful!, that laying liis hands behind 
 him, he would put his horfe to his full c?.rreer, make him 
 on the fuddainc take hedge or ditch, and ilop him, put 
 him into a ring, and the like. And Mariui after he had 
 beene feven times ConfuU, and fburefcore yeercs of age, 
 exercifed himfelfe daily in the field of Mars with the 
 Romane youth, inftructing them to handle their weapon, 
 to ride, &c. The like alfo did Pompey even to his laft 
 expedition . A nd yirgill fpeaking (I take it) of the Spartan 
 youth, faith : 
 
 Venatu invigilant pueri^ fylvafque fatigajitj 
 F/eSere Indus equos^ & fiiatla tendere comity &c. 
 
 And at this day it is the onely cxercife of the Italian 
 Nobility, efpecially in Naples^ as alfo of the French j and 
 great pitty, that it is no more praftifed among our Englifli 
 Gentry. 
 
 of Tilting and Running at the tilt is a generous and a Martiall cxer- 
 Torneamenu. j-ffg^ {jy^ hazardous and full of dangei ; for many hereby 
 (euen in fport) have loft their lives, that I .nay omit Henry 
 the French King, with many other princes and noble 
 perfonagcs of whom Hiftory is full. 
 GmuU PMcirtU* Tilting and Torncaments were invented by Manvill 
 in I. i* rih. Comnenm Empcrour of Conflantinople^ as faith Nicetas. 
 lit. 20/^ ' who wrote about the ycarc 1114.. Before his time wee 
 read not any where that this cxercife was ufed under the 
 Romane Empire. 
 
 The fimc Nicetas repoitcth of folemnc luftes or Tornca- 
 ments which the faid Manvill Comnenus Ihowed vnto the 
 
 LiBtines 
 
of Exercijc of the Body. iij 
 
 Latines at Auttochy what time they went to make warre 
 
 in the holy land ; for the Latines making a brave flicw 
 in their rich Armour well horfed with their Lances, 
 and prefenting themfelves before the Emperour, the 
 Emperour to flicw them that the Graecians were nothing 
 inferiour unto them in bravery or courage, appointed 
 a day when they and the Latines (for the glory of either 
 Empire) fliould fo many to fo many, and with lances 
 witiiout points, encounter either, bravely mounted, and 
 made one of the number with his Grecians ; who, faith 
 Nicetasy i'o bravely carryed himfelfe, that he vnhorfed 
 two Latine Commanders, calling them from the faddle 
 to the ground. 
 
 In our launces now adaycs (of what wood foever they 
 are made of) there is nothing fo much danger as hath 
 beene in times pall : neither in our modernc pradlicc of 
 warre have they almofl any vfe at all. The Prince of 
 Orange hath abandoned them, hiving not a Launce in his 
 whole Anny, but hath Carbines in their roomc. Spinola 
 hath fome troopes of them, yet not many, as I obferved. 
 Thofe tifSbertogen-io/ch under GrotUndtmcke^ arecftcemed 
 the bell horfe Spinola b th. 
 
 For throwing and wrcllling, I hold them exercifes not of tlirowine 
 fo well befecming Nobility, but rather foldiersinaCampe, '"^Pit"f' 
 or a Princes guard : neither have I read or heard of any 
 Prince or Generall commended for wrellling, faue 
 nunmdM Athmat, the laft Grand Signeur and Emperour 
 of Turky^ who tookc great delight in throwing the 
 hammer, and was fo llrong that hee overthrew his ftouteft 
 lanizaries, there be'ng reared in CtmRantinople for one 
 extraordinary call, whidi none could come neere, two 
 great Pillars of marble. 
 
 Runnin g and Agility of Pody have beene ellecmed of running, 
 moll r' - • ndable in the greateft Princes and Com- 
 mandt .t ever lived ; and the old Romanes (next 
 after tria.. .nade of their ftrength,and view of their limnics 
 and perlbn) chofc their fouldicrs by running, for it is 
 
 an 
 
zi6 Of Exercije of the Body. 
 
 an old cuftome among them, to alTauIt the enemy by 
 runniri}:; all clofc together in grolll' to the charge. And 
 Co-far tcisvs that ih okcs arc Hirer laid on,and the i'ouldiers 
 made more nimble and ready in running and by motion. 
 C Ctftr in Homer gave Achilles (which pcrliaps feme of our great 
 £fiff.'«. featheredGallantswoulddifdaine,yethaply better dclervc) 
 »To cure the the epithite of wkv^toi;? or fwift-footed. And » Alexander 
 fmalntiro of TCiii\c cxcclied all his Court in running. Sertorius a 
 wouW\"uaiiy ''"ve Commandcr under C^ylrr, could nimbly runne vp 
 runnevpa hill, the moll fkcpc Mountaincs, leape broken and vnpafTeablc 
 a fit Embleme Rockcs, and like invious places ; infomuch as Metellus 
 when they being fcnt with a powerftill Ar-ny againft him, he knew 
 hauc afccndcd neither where to find him, nor how to come by him, by 
 the height of reafonofhis nimble fbotmanihip. Thereupon he lent 
 Eolh l^kc'and his Colleague Pompey, who being by Sertorius overthrowne 
 fpeakebig. at the firfl encounter, cfcapcd very narrowly • for being 
 unhorfed, and having received a gieat wound, while the 
 fouldiers were bufied in ftriving, fome for his horfe, others 
 for the moft rich furniture (his caparifon, bridle, faddlc, 
 ftirrops, being in a manner all of gold, and thining 
 with precious ftones of ineftimable valew) watching his 
 opportunity, by fwiftnefle of foote efcaped from them all, 
 and returned fafe to his quarter, 
 of leaping. Leaping is anexercifcvery commendable, and health- 
 full for the body, efpecially if you vfe it in the morning, 
 as we read Alexander and Epam'mondas did. Vpon a full 
 ftomacke or to bedward, it is very dangerous, and in no 
 wife to be exercifed. 
 of fwimming. The skill and art of fwimming is alfo very rcquifitc in 
 every Noble and Gentleman, efpecially if he looketh for 
 employmcntinthewarrcs,forhcrcby(beiidesthepreferving 
 of his owne life vpon infinite occafions,) he may many 
 wayes annoy his enemy. Horatlus Codes onely by the 
 benefit of fwimming faved his countrey, for when him- 
 felfe alone had long defended and made good the Bridge 
 th. lib. i. over Tyl/er againfi the Hetrufcjfis., the Romanes brake it 
 "^^^ downe behind him, wherewith, in his Armour he call 
 
 himfelfe 
 
of Exercijc of the Body. 217 
 
 himfelfe into tlic River, and (notwithftanding a fliower 
 of Darts and Arrowcs were fent after him) fwam with 
 fafctic into th • Citic, which rewarded hirn with a Statue 
 crcded in the Market place, and as much land as hee could 
 encompaflTe with a plough in a Hay. 
 
 And as dcfperate was the attempt of a number of Romane 
 Gentlemen in the rtrit Cartha^nlan "varrc, who leaping 
 in a night from the hatches of their ohips into the Sea, 
 by maine force thruil and drew the Carthapnian Ships 
 into the haven, and delivered them to iMBatiui their 
 Generall. 
 
 And as refolute was that attempt (no whit inferiourto 
 the former) ot Gerrard and Harvey^ two Gentlemen of 
 ourowne Nation, who in cightie eight in the fight at Sea, 
 fwam in the night time, and pierced with Awgers, or fuch adventure of 
 like inftruments, the lides of the Spanifli Gallions, and JCIJ^inM 
 returned backe fafe to th- Fleetc. 
 
 SctevoUy a man of ineflimable courage, and who came 
 witli C<efar in his expedition for Br/taiue, after hee had 
 made good a whole day together, a mightie Rocke or 
 paflage againft the Britaittes, in the night time loaden 
 with double Armes and an heauy niield,caft himfelfe into 
 the deepe, and fwam fafe to Cafar and his Fleete. 
 
 Neither is it to be wondrcd at, that the Romanes were 
 foskilfull in fwimming, for they were daily exercifed in 
 the fame after their other exercifes, and had a place in 
 the River of Tyier appoin*^ ' vnto them for the fame 
 purpofe, adioyning to the field of Mars ; and another of 
 great depth, rougl* and full of whirlpits on purpofe, to 
 exercifc their horfes in. 
 
 Shooting alfo is a very healthfiill and commendable of flioocing. 
 recreation for a Gentleman j neither doe I know any 
 other comparable vnto it for 'lirring every part of the 
 body : for itopeneththe breaft and pipes, exercifeth the 
 armes and feete, withlefle violence, then running, leaping, 
 &c. Herein was the Emperour Dom'ttian fo cunning, that 
 let a Boy a good dirtancc off hold vp his hand, and Itretch 
 
 his 
 
2 I 8 Of I-xmiji of the Body. 
 
 his fingers abroad, hcc would flioote th«row the fpaccs 
 without touching the Boycs hand, or any hngcr. 
 
 And Comwodus (iaith Herodian) hadfogoodc an aymc, 
 that he would fixe on the brow o*" * 1*^° 
 evenly, and fpreading in diftance, as if tbey had bccne 
 
 his owne homes. 
 
 But for the fiirther excellence of tias txcrciic o. 
 Shooting,! rcfcrrc you to that excellent hcx^cot M. 
 ^/fWWituledr(»x»/.i-/V«^,whereinyoulhalihadev\iiat- 
 
 foever is requifite to be knowne of a compleate Archer. 
 
 Hawkini^ and Hunting arc recreations very commend- 
 able and befitting a Noble or Gentleman to exercife; 
 Hunting elpecially, which Xenophon commendeth to his 
 Cyrus, calling it a gift of the Gods, bellowed firil vpon 
 Chirm for his vprightnefle in doing luftice, and by him 
 taught vnto the old Heroes and Princes; by whofc 
 vcrtue and proweflTc (as enabled by this exercifc) their 
 Countries were defended, their fubjefts and innocents 
 preferved, luftice maintained. For there is no one 
 Exercife that enablcth the body more for the warre, then 
 Hunting, by teaching you to endure heate, cold, hunger, 
 thirft : to rife early, watch late, lie and fare hardly : and 
 Eufehius is of opinion, that wilde beafts were of purpole 
 created by God, that men by chafing and encountnng 
 them, might befitted and enabled for warlike exercifcs. 
 Hereupon Cyrus, and the old Kmgs oiPerfia, 
 
 employed themfelvcs exceeding much herein,not to pur- 
 chafe Venifonand purvey for the belly, but to maintaine 
 their ftrength, and preferve their health, by encrcalmg and 
 ftirring vpthe naturallheate within,whichiiOth and fitting 
 ftill waftcs and dccaics: to harden the bodies by labour 
 ^ aeainft the enemy j and withall, to fearch out the natures 
 of Wilde beafts, 'which knowne they might Icaue the 
 X""-- •■'» fame recorded to their pofterit ie. Andthefiimous Phylitian 
 fi^S f " S-r^'-^", above all other excrcifes cominendetii this « 
 ^ mSft healthful, and keepeth the body found and free from 
 
 difcafcs. -pj^j. 
 
 r tnt^im, lib. 
 
of Exercije of the Body. 219 
 
 Tlic old Lord Gray (our Englifli AchiL'es) when hee 
 was Dcputic of Ireland^ to inure his Ibnncs for the warrc, 
 would vfually in the depth of Winter, in froll, fnow, raine 
 and what weather focver fell, caufe them at midnight to 
 be railed out of their beds, and carried abroad on hunting 
 till the next morning j then perhaps come wet and cold 
 home, having for a breakefall, a browne loafc and a 
 mouldie Chcele, or (which is ten times worfe] a difli oi 
 Irini Butter: andin this manner the Spartans 3.nd Lacofiiafit 
 dieted, and brought vp their children, till they came vnto 
 mans ellate. 
 
 Hawking was a fport vtterly vnknowne to the ancients, 
 as Blondinus and P. lovius in the fecond booke of his 
 Hiftory, where he cntreateth of the Mufcovitijb affaires, 
 witnefleth ; but was invented and firft pradtifed by Freder- 
 ick BarbaroJJ'a^ when he befieged Rome : yet it appeareth 
 by FirmicuSy that it was knowne twelve hundred yeeres n>micuj 
 fince, where he fpeaketh of Falcwiers, and teachers of ^<V- »• 
 other Birds : and indeed beyond him, I tliinke it can no 
 where be found that Falconry was knowne. There have 
 beene many who have written of Falconry : Fredericke 
 the fecond, Emperour of Germany (whom Melanlihon .m \miVy>« 
 worthily commendeth, and equalleth to the ancient 
 Heroes, for his many victories atchieved by his valour ; 
 his skill in all learning, being able to fpeake foureteene 
 feverall languages; his liberalitie, magnificence, afFabili- 
 tie, mildnellt', &c. infomuch, that in him alone, faith he, 
 ended and dyed the remainder of ancient Majeflie) wrote 
 hereof two excellent bookes, which loac/im Camerarlus 
 (having by him the firft Copie in a Manufcript) publiibed 
 together with a Treatife of Aliertus Magnus^ of the nature 
 of Hawkes, and printed it at Norimherge. Bud<etis hath Buduu de vent. 
 alio written a large Difcourfc of Hunting and Hawking, timi& jtuofi,. 
 part whereof is annexed to the latter end of Henry 
 Eftienn^s French and Latine Didtionary : in Englifh, 
 Mafter BlundevUes lxx)ke is the beft that I know. 
 
 By the Canon Law Hawking was forbidden vnto f"""'- 
 
 Clergie^^*- 
 
EpMinnf. 3. 
 44. Extr. it 
 CItrici vmatare. 
 
 Vtfiitteran. lib. 
 7. 4inti(ft. 
 Jniim in 
 
 2 20 Of Exercije of the Body. 
 
 Clergy men, as afterward Hunting, bv reafon the exer- 
 
 cife and inflrumcnts wherewith beaits are llainc, arc 
 military, and not fo well agreeing (as they give the rcalbn) 
 with fpirituall warfarrc : but I cannot fee but that they 
 (many of them being great Princes, and pillars of the 
 Church, daily employed and prefled with the weight of 
 Stateaffaires) may have their recreations as well as others. 
 But to prevent their paftimc, there is fuch an order taken 
 with their Parkes, that many of our belt Bifhoprickcs can 
 now adayes fcarce (liew one of ten, or twenty. Noriukh 
 had thirtccnc Parkes, and of all other was moll iniullly 
 dealt withall. If they had taken away twelve and lell 
 the odd ' one, it had beene indifferent ; but to rob the 
 Church of all, was more then too much. 
 
 But as we allow not altogether that fcverc education 
 of the old Spartanes in their children, hazarding many 
 times the healths of young and tender bodies, by fomc 
 tedious ague ; yea, alio their liues, by the mifchance of a 
 leap^ or (tumbling of their horfe : fo as much doe I detcfl: 
 that efFoeminacy of the molt, that burne out day and night 
 in their beds, and by the fire fide ; in trifles, gaming, or 
 courting their yellow Miftreffes all the Winter in a City; 
 appearing but as Cuckoes in the Spring, one time in the 
 yeere to the Countrey and their tenants, leaving the care 
 of keeping good houfes at Chriftmas, to the honeft Yeomen 
 of the Countrey. 
 
 Some againe are fo intent on their plcafure that they 
 never care for keeping within, as fometimc was M'tthri- 
 dateiy that it is reported of him ; For [even caret ^ace 
 together he never came uithin houfe, neither in City nor in 
 the Countrey. And Barnaby Vifcount of MiUant, was fo 
 carried away with the love of Hunting, that hee made a 
 Law; whofoever fliould kill any wild Boare, or had 
 killed any in fiveyeares before that his Statute wascna£led 
 (contrary unto ancient Edidl) or were privy to the eating 
 of any at any Gentlemans Tabic, (liould be imprifoned 
 
 ' old 1634^, 
 
 and 
 
of J^eputation^ and Carriage. 221 
 
 and tortured after a grievous manner. Befide, hec 
 
 afflidtcd the Countrcy marvciloufly, by difpcrfing many 
 thourands of Doggcs to be kept and brought up in 
 villages and among the Paifants, to their infinite trouble (uicmJ,!^. 
 and charge. Af^^mfr, Ion nc to ^w«rd'/i&, on the contrary, 7. 
 when he made warre in Caramania^ turned out of fervice 
 700. of his fathers Faulconers, and caufed as many of old 
 huntlmen to follow Armcs, and his Campe, in llead of 
 the Icennell. 
 
 Chap. XVII. 
 
 Of Reputation^ and Carriage in gcnerall. 
 
 npHere is no one thing that fctteth a fairer ftampe 
 vpon Nobility then evennefle of Carriage, and care 
 of our Reputation, without which our moft gracefull 
 gifts are dead and dull, as the Diamond without his foile : 
 for hereupon as on the frontifpice of a magnificent Pallace, 
 arc fixed the eyes of all paflengers, and hereby the hcigth 
 of our ludgements (even our felves) is taken ; according 
 to that of the wifeman, Bygate^ laughter^ and apparetl, a 
 ma-t is kntyuive -what he is^ Wherefore I call it the Crowne tcdifi^h. 
 oi good parts, and loadllone of regard. The principall 
 meanes to preferve it, is Temferanct^ and that Modertttim 
 of the mind, wherewith as a bridle we curbe and breake 
 our ranke and unruly Paflions, keeping as the CaJ^ian 
 Sea, our felvcs ever at one heigth without ebbe or refluxe. 
 And albeit true it is that Galen faith, we are commonly 
 beholden for the difpofition of our minds, to the Tem- 
 perali'reofour bodies, yetmuchlyeth in our power tokeepe 
 that fount from empoifoning, by taking heed to our 
 felves ; and as good Cardinall Poole once faid, to corredt 
 the malignitie of our Starres, with a fecond birth. For 
 certainely under grace, it is the roote of our Reputation 
 and honeft Fame; without the which, as one faith, lue 
 are dead long before we are huryed. 
 
 For Moderation of the mind and affedtions, which is 
 
 the 
 
22 2 Of H^pi/tatiotiy and Carriage. 
 
 the Ground of all F^ondty, I mult [',ivc you that prime 
 receipt the kingly piuplitt liolh to a youn^ man, ti .1 Jiing 
 him wherewith to clcanlc his way, that is, by keeping, 
 Pfil 1 1 9. 9. faith he (oh Lord) thy ftatutcs, meaning the fearc of God 
 in general!, witlioiit which (lite ever hrfl: Ibiking at the 
 head) our ludgemcnts are depraved, and left to ourielvcs, 
 we are not able to give any thing his true eftcenu and 
 vahie. Therefore Hrft to be truly Honeft is lo [)ee 
 truly Religious, for it thefeare ot men be a great motive 
 to keepe our fclvcs within conipalle, much more will the 
 feare ot God recall \s from ou' lults ami iritcmperancc. 
 Hereby the mind getielii the dominion and uppeihand, 
 wifely governing that goodly Kingdome Nature hath 
 allotted her. And if it was fometime faid of Fatlus^ Citltis 
 Sol em efua j^ha:ra diveU'i^ quam Tabium ab hojicfiate potu'tjJ~c^ 
 how hccdtnlly ouglit a ChrilHan, who carrycth the 
 lanterne in his hand, looke to his teete, when an Heathen 
 could goe fo diredtly in the darke, onely by the glimpfe 
 of Nature, and without ftumbling? 
 
 Moreover fmcc the Civil! end of our life is, vt in honore 
 cum dignttate vivamuf, you fliall withallfind good learning 
 and the Arts to conferrc a great helpe and furtherance 
 hereunto, being a polilhcr of imbred rudenelle and our 
 infbrmity, and a curer of many difeafes our minds are 
 fubiect vnto: for we learne not to bcggc to our felvcs 
 admiration from other, or boaltingly to lay to view fo 
 rich and prctious furniture of our minds, but that wee 
 may be vfellill to others, but hrft to our fdves; leait 
 (as fome prctious receipt) while wee keepe that in 
 a boxe which can cure another, our felves lye lame and 
 difeafed. 
 
 The tirll vfe then hereof (I mcane your learning,) as 
 an Antidote againll the Common plague of our times, 
 let it confirmc and pcrfvvade you, that as your under- 
 flanding is by it ennobled with the richcft dowry in the 
 world, fo 1. rtby learnc to know your owne worth and 
 value, and in choice of your companions, to cntcrtaine 
 
 thole 
 
OJ H^l'utation^ and Carriage. 223 
 
 thofc wlio are Religious and Icamcd : for as I faid here- 
 tofore, converfc of old was the mother of skill and all 
 vcrtuuus endeavours, fo fay I now, of all vice and bal^nes, 
 if regard be not had. Therefore hold fricndfliip and 
 ac qtiaintance with few, and thcii I could wilh your Ix-'tt-TS, 
 at the Jeall of your ownc ranke, butendearc your fclfc to 
 none ; gaudehis mittut, minus Metis. The bell Natures 
 I know delight in p<ipularity, and i'-Q pli ible to company- 
 keeping, but many times buy t'leir acquaintance at over 
 dcare a rate, by Ixfing drawnc either into bafc Adtions 
 and Places of which they arc afliamed for eucr after ; or 
 to ncedlefle expcnce by laying out or lending to impor- 
 tunate bafe and fliameleiTe companions, gaining loiie of 
 their monies, time, forrow, and gricfe of friends, the dil- 
 repute of the better fort, and Jaftly contempt of the vilcft 
 among the Common vukar. 
 
 Amtiochtu Epiphanety lung of Afia^ for his popularity jiitm^uA /it. 
 and delight in company, was fir-named the MaJ: and 4 
 likcwife for the fa ;e, ^Ippius Claudius was deprived of ^"^''^-^ 
 his Office, and fearing befide lhame the hatred of the 
 Senate, counterfeiting blindnefle, for ever after kept him- 
 felfe at home. We reade alfo o^ a ccrtainc King of the 
 Gothes^ who making his Souldiers his drinking compa- 0/. tttgnm 
 nions, was for his free and kind heart at the laft drowned i>i>. 7. tof 7. 
 by them in a Tub of Ale. 
 
 Nor miflake me that 1 fwcrve fo muc on this fide, 
 that I would deny a Prince or Ge ntleman the bcncht of 
 difcourfe and converfc with the ineanelt : for Majefty 
 and grcatneiVc cannot alwayes fta , i fo bent, but that it 
 mull have the rcmiflion and relaxation fometime to 
 defcend from the court to the cott^e,which cannot cl oofe 
 but give it the better tafte and relliin. Adrian the Emperour ; 
 would moft curteoufly confcrre with the mcancll,dctefling . 
 thofe his high minded Courtiers, who under a colour ^^f*^'''"- 
 of preferring his Eftate and honour, envyed him this 
 fwectnelTc of humility and privacy. Vejpajtan in like xiphilmm. 
 manner was wont not onely to falutc the chiefe Senators 
 
 ot 
 
i 
 
 iiii 'ip (^ 'om- 
 »H».-i, cap. 3 
 
 224 OJ Reputation y and Carnaoj. 
 
 of Rome, but even , Tivate men, inviting them many times 
 
 to dm mil luppc with him, himfclfc againc . oini^ vnto 
 piuu'ii. tlicir lioulcs. Vhilofamen was ib curteous and went lo 
 I'hii^. pl.iinc,that his HoftclTe in Meger.i tooice himfor a Scrying- 
 jiun. And certainly this Attabilitic and curtdk- in 
 GrcAtnellc, drawcth our eyes like tlowtrs in ihe Spring, 
 to behold, and with admiration to louc it wherefocver 
 wc find it. 
 
 1 here is ni) iKtter figne (faith one) in the world ot a 
 good and vcrtuous dilpofition, then when a Prince or 
 Gentleman maketh choice of learned and vcrtuous men 
 for his companions ; for prefently hee is imagined to bee 
 fuch a one as thofc to whom hee joyneth himfelfe: yea 
 faith Arifiotle^ it is a kinde of vertuous exercifc to bcc 
 converfant with good and vnderftanding men. 
 
 Whom then you ihall entertainc into the clofet of 
 your breft, firll found their Religion ; then lookc into 
 their Lives and Carriage, how the havebeenc reckoned 
 of others ■ Lailly, to their Qin .tit iOw or wherein they 
 may be viefull vnto you, whether by luvice and (Jounfcll, 
 direftion, heipc in your Studies,w ien i •.ablcneffe in your 
 exercifc and recreations, 
 j^j,^;,. There is nothing more milcrable then to luant the 
 
 Ceutijell of a friend, and an admonijher in time ofneede: Which 
 hath becne and is daily tlic bane of many of our young 
 Gentlemen, even to the vtter runie of themfelves and 
 /« tmiinn. their p«Mi:eritie for ever. Who when like Akiates tigtree 
 vpon the high and inacccilible Rocke, they arc out of 
 reach and cannot be come vnto by men who would drefle 
 and preferve them ; cfpied a-f"arre ofF are onely preyed 
 vpon and haunted by Vultures and Dawes : and while 
 one addcth fcwcll to the fire of his expcncc, for the which 
 he is like to pay twentie ior two, at twentie and one ; 
 another footheth him in play (knowing the bell fithing is 
 in troubled waters) • another tendreth him a matchof light 
 llulfc : all at once preying for themfelves, thefe greene 
 things of 16 or 18 arc tjuitc devoured before thes are 
 ripe. Wiicre- 
 
Of Reputation and Carriage, 22 r 
 
 Whcrclorc 1 muft next commend vntoyou J=>-»^a/,>v, of Fmga'i.ie. 
 the Mother of vertuet^z vcrtuc which holtlcth her ownc 
 aycthout proritabjy, avoidtth idle t xpcnccs, lupcrfiuitic* 
 avilh .titowing or giving, borrowing, building, and the 
 like : yctwhen realbn rcquirrth can be royal'y hoiintifull 
 a vcrtuc as rcquifite in a Nol ' or Gentleman, as the care 
 of his whole Mbte, and preservation of his name and 
 polk ritic ; yet as greatJy wanting in many, as they conic 
 fhort oi the reputation and entire Eftatcs of their fore- 
 fathers, uho account thrift the objedt of the plow or 
 Sliop, too bale and vnworthy their confideration, while 
 they ini^*>fe their faire Eftatcs and moft imfortant 
 bufinclTe, vpor cheating Steward or crattic liailiffe who 
 in few yeeres (like the young CucJ<ow)arc ready to dcvoure 
 their feeder • and thcmfelvesiike fleepy Pilots, having no 
 eye to the Compalfe, or founding their Mates, are rimne 
 on ground ere tiiey t.e aware. 
 
 Fit ft then, afloone as you .'II be able, looke into your 
 tftate, labouring not onelv to confer^- it c ntirc, but to 
 augment ' either by a wife forc-tho carriage or by 
 
 fome othc. .hriftic meancs : and tliir: ' ■ more yee 
 are laden wiiii abundance, the more (i.i . • ct have 
 
 necde of props, and your foundcft frie ife you. 
 
 N'cithi doc I imagine y^u wil! bee fo : ... ,j give no 
 c are to good counlell, to your ruine, as Cujer did, when 
 he refufed abookeof a pooreScholler, whereinthc intended 
 plot againft him was difcovt red. 
 
 Marcus Cato^ wlio w as ib victorious in war:e, fo pru- 
 dent in peace, fo eloquent in the Oratory, le?-- -J in the 
 lawcs, neglcdted not thereby l.is cftate, but ■ .i-.ked, as 
 Uvie laith ot h:m,cuen into his husbandry iiii .u'eife: and 
 PW. A u ritet 1 of PMofeemen, a great and famous rw,-, 
 V-omniandtr, that notwithiUnding his great affaires ^^nd fi-Hfi-n. 
 employments, hee would every morning hee ftirrin ■ by 
 breake of day, and either to drelling of his vint s, diggiu r 
 or loUowing his plow : a ud Cicero to hcightiien the Honou; 
 of King Deiotarus, repoi teth thus of him, in Deiotaro funt cu-. p., D.ht^ 
 
lu'iMim ff. He 
 eum furitsi. 
 
 riuttrcii in 
 
 Tlif ini>Jc lK 
 ami litiiiiil II 
 of Cm-Ui till- 
 fifth 
 
 zi6 Of ]{fpufation and Carriage. 
 
 regU virtute!., .juod re, Cafar., ignorare von ariitrer^ fed 
 pnecipue fingularis & adm'trania frugalitai. And the Romanes 
 had a law, Hcc who could not looke into his owne eftate, 
 and imploy his land to the belt, fliould forfeit the fame, 
 and be held for a foole or a mad man all his life after. 
 y^r//?/■</^•^, albeit he was an excellent man otherwife, yet 
 herein he was fo carclcfle, that tt his death he neither 
 left portion for his daughters, nor fo mudi as would carry 
 him to the ground, and defray the charge of his funeral!. 
 
 Be thriftie alfo in your apparell and clothing, leaft you 
 incurre the cenfure of tlie moll grave and wilell cenlor, 
 Cut ma^a corporis cultus cura^ ei magna virtutu hcuria : and 
 Henry the fourth, hft King of France of ctcrnall memory, 
 would oftentimes mcrily fay, By the outlide onely, he 
 could found the depth of a Courtier : faying. Who had 
 kail in them mad;; the faircft fliew without, inviting 
 refpcdt with gold-lace and great feathers, which will not 
 be A'onne with toyes. Neither on the contrary, be fo 
 balcly parfimonious or frugall, as is written of one ok 
 the Kings of France., in whofe accounts in the Efchequer 
 are yet remaining, Item fo much for red Satten to fleeve 
 the kings old Doublet : Item a halfe-penny for liquor for 
 his Bootes, and fo forth. Or to bee knowne by a Hat or 
 a Doublet ten or twentieyeeres; then with lo ne miferablc 
 Vfurer curfc the maker for the Uightnelfe of his felt or 
 ftuffc, murmuring it will not laft to fee the Revolution 
 of tlx- F'lrfi Mooter. But vfmg that moderate and middle 
 garbe, which lhall rather lellen then make you bigger then 
 you are ; which hath becne, and is yet obferved by our 
 grt attft Princes, who in outlide goc many times infcriour 
 lo their Groonu s and Pigcs. That glory and Champion 
 of Chrillendomc Charles the fift, would goe (except in 
 times of warrt) as plainc as any ordinary Gentleman, 
 commonly in hlacke or fad Ihifti, without lace or any 
 other extraordinary coll ; onely his Order of the golden 
 Fleece alxjut his necke in a ribband : and was fo naturally 
 frugall, not out of parfimony (being the moft bountifull 
 ° minded 
 
Of J{cputat 'ton and Carriage. 227 
 
 minded Prince that ever lived) that as Guicciardine rcport- 
 ctli of liim, if any one of his points had chanced to breake, 
 he would tyc it of a knot and make itferuc againc. And 
 I have many times feene his excellence the Prince of 
 Orange that now is, in the field, in his habite as plaine 
 as any Country Gentlemin, wearing commonly a fuite 
 of haire colouredHight ftuflFe, of fiJke, a plaine gray cloake 
 and Hatt, with a greene feather, his hatband onelyex- 
 ceedmg rich. And Amhofe Spinola Generall forthc A rch- 
 dukc, when hee lay in WeafeUxX. the taking of it in, one 
 would have taken him, but for an ordinary merchant in 
 a plaine fuite of blacke. And the plaincneiTe of the late 
 Dukeof AV/o/^e derogated nothing from his Efteeme. The Duke of 
 So that you lee what a pitiful) Ambition it is, to flrive to ^'i*'^- 
 be firfl in a faniion,and a poore pride to fceke yourcftccme 
 and regard, from wormes, flicls, and Tailors ; and buy 
 tnegazcof the flaring multitude at a thoufand, or fifteene 
 hundred pounds, which would apparell the Duke and 
 his whole Grande Configlio of Venice. But if to doc your 
 Prince honour, at a tilting, employed in Embailage, 
 comming in of fome great flrangcr, or you are to give 
 entertainment to Princes or Noble perfonages at your 
 iioufes, as did Cofmo de Medici^ox haply yee command in 
 the wai res, fpare not to be brave with the braveft. PMo- a. T%ii»mm. 
 fttmen caufed his Souidiers to be fpare in Apparrcll and 
 Diet (f aith Plutarch) and to come honourably armed into 
 tlic f^tld : wherefore he commanded in Goldfmiths (hops 
 to breake in peeccs pots of gold and f.lver, and to be im- 
 ploycd m the filvering of Bitts,guilding of Armours, in- 
 ].iying of Saddles, &c. Tor the fumptuem eefi up»n 'warGke T/«/*frt. 
 furniture^ doth encourage and make great a noble heart . hut 
 tn other fights it carrieth auay mrvs minds to a nsomani/b 
 -vanity^ and melting the courage of the mind^ (as Homer faith 
 It did Achilles^ when his mother laid new Armes and 
 weapons at his feete.) The Spaniard when he is in the 
 field, IS glorious in hiscaflbcke, and aficdttth the wearing 
 of the richelt kwcls ^ the French huge feathers. Scarlet, 
 
 Q.» and 
 
2 2 8 Of J{ep *ation and Carriage 
 
 and gold 
 
 of Dii-t. 
 Sruecit. Uliet. 
 C It'rro fro 
 
 SMiitate tueiM 
 
 una -w... lace; the Englilh, his Armcs rich and a good 
 1 word : the Italians pride is in his Neapolitan Coiirfor : the 
 Gcrmanes and low Dutch to bee dawbedwith Gold and 
 Pearle, wherein (lay they) there is no lofle except thty be 
 \o\\ : but hercm I give no prefcription. 
 
 I now come to your Dyct, whercm be not onely 
 frugal! for the faving of your purfc, but moderate in 
 re'-^'ard or" your health, which is impaired by nothing more 
 then cxcellc in eating and drinking (let me alfo adde 
 TotaccotzVXng.) Many dilhts breed many difcaics, duheth 
 the mind and vnderftand:ng,and not ontly Ihorten, but 
 take away lifr. We readeof Auguftus that hcewas never 
 curious in his diet, but content with ordinary and com- 
 nwn viands. And Cato the Cenfor, lay ling into Spatne 
 dranke of no other drinke then the rowers or flaves of 
 his owne galley. And Tlmotheus Duke of Athens was 
 wont to fay (whom Flato invited home tohmito iuppcr) 
 they found themfelves never diftempered. Contrary to 
 our Fealtmakers, who llippofe the glory of entertaine- 
 ment, and giving the beil welcome to conlilt in needlellc 
 fuperfluities and profufe wafte of the good Creatures, as 
 Scylla made a banquet tiut lafk-d many daies, where there 
 was fuch exceflivc abundance, that infinite plentie of 
 viduals were throwne into the Ri>'er, and excellent wine 
 ilxivc ibrty ycarcs old, fpilt and made no account of, but 
 by iurfeiting and banquetting, at laft he gat a molt 
 miferable difcafe and dyed full of lice. 
 .W.«.-/ And C4ar in regard of his Ly^/'^ triumph, at one 
 
 EueryRomanc banquet tilled two and twentic thoufand roomes with 
 ghefts and gaue to eucry Citizen in Home ten buihels of 
 wheat, and as many pounds of oyle, and belide, three 
 luiiuired pence in money. . 
 
 We reade of one Smyfid'ir':/les^ who was io much given 
 to tealling, and his cafe, that he law not the Sunnc 
 rifin^ nor fctting in twenty ycarcs ; and the Syhantes 
 forbad a;; Smilh- .ind knocking in the i^reets, and what 
 thing ioevcr that made any noife to Ix: within ^^»-^'^y 
 
 S.,l,-U. Fm 
 t.t.i. 1. 
 
 penny was 
 
 jHTiiiy. C. m 
 di^in. Hi). 6. 
 
Of J{eputation and Carriage. 2 29 
 
 Wals, that they might catc and llccpc : whereupon they 
 banilhcd codecs out of the City, and invented the vfe of Su'd... c- /-<./•- 
 chamluipots, and bad women a ycarc before to their tUn/i/,.,^. 
 fealts, li-.at they fiiight have lei ill re enough to make them- ^'f"'^- 
 Iclves fine and brave with gold and Jewels. 
 
 Above ail, learne betimes to avotde cxccfliue drinking, onnking ih,- 
 than which there is no one vice more common and d'-ftruaion <>f 
 reigning, andill befceming a Gentleman, which if grownc ^(''^'''t^'T^ 
 to an habit, is hardly left ; remembring that hereby you ccmry * 
 become not fit for any thing, having) our reafbn degraded, 
 your body diitcmpcred, your fuulc ha/ardcd, your citceme 
 and reputation abafed, while you fit taking your vnwhol- 
 
 fome healthes, vt iam vertipnt te&um Ambulet^ O" i^vmal. s.%rjt. 
 
 gemlnis exfurgat me?ij'a lucernis. 
 
 Vntill the houfe about doth turne, 
 
 And on the board two candles fecme to burne. 
 
 By th ; Leviticall Law, who had a glutton or a drunkard 
 to their Sonne, they were to bring him before the Elders 
 of the City, and fee him ftoncd to death. And in 
 Spa'me at this day they have a law that the word or him 
 that hath beenc convidted of drunkennefTc, lhall not bee 
 taken in any teftimony. Within thefe fif ty or threefcorc 
 yeares it was a rare thing with vs in England^ to fee a 
 Drunken man, our Nation carrying the name of the orunk. iu„ ir,- 
 moil Ibber and tcmj^eratc of any other in the world. But ." " > 
 fince wee had to doe in the quarrcll of the Netherlands, jTInJuJ/"' 
 about the time of Sir loku Norrice his firft being there, 
 the cuflomc of drmking and pledging healthes was 
 brought over into England : wherein let the Dutch bee 
 their ownc judges, if we cquall them notj yea I thinke 
 rather excel! them. 
 
 Tricoftgius and the old Romanes had lawcs and ftatutes ''>'■ 4 
 concerning the Art of drinking, which it feenies, are 
 revived, and by our drunkards obierved to an haire. It 
 being enadted, tkat he niho after kis drift ke faltered not hi his 
 Jpeech, vomited Mot^ neither reeled, if he ilr.ij/ke ojf his Hps 
 cleauely^ tookenot his uine in his draught, jpit m.t, left nothing 
 
 in 
 
230 of J^eputation and Carriage. 
 
 im the pt^y nor f^llt any vpon the ground^ he had the prize, 
 
 and was accounted the bravefl: man. If they were con- 
 tented herewith, it were well, but they daily invent new 
 and damnable kindsof carrowfing(asthatin North hoUand 
 and Fr'tiuland (though among the bafer fort) of vpfie 
 Monikedam^ which is, after you have drunke out the 
 drinke to your friend or companion, you muft brcake 
 the glaflTe full vpon his face, and if you miiTe, you mull 
 drinke againc,) whence proceed quarrelling, reviling, and 
 Prov. 13. many times exccrab'e murthers, as Alexander was <laine 
 in hisdrunkennelici and Domitius ^Nero s fitherllew Liiterius 
 out-right, bccaufe he would not pledge him a whole 
 carrowfe, and hence arife moft quarrels among our 
 gallant drunkards : vnto whom if you reade a ledturc of 
 lobriety, and how in fbnner ages their forefiathers dranke 
 water, they fvvearc water is the frogges drinke, and or- 
 dained onely for the driving of Mils, and carrying of 
 Boats. 
 
 Neither defirc I, you (liould be fo abllemious, as not 
 to remember a friend with a hearty draught fincc wine 
 was created to make the heart merry, /or tuhat is the life 
 EccUfian. ^j. of man if it -want wine? Moderately taken it prcferveth 
 W- 17- health, comfbrtcth and difperfeth the naturall heate over 
 all the whole body, allayes chollericke humors ; expelling 
 the lame with tne fweate, &c. tempereth Mclancholly. 
 And as one faith, hath in it fclfe, i\Kv<rTiK6i> rt 7r/)os ti,i; 
 jithmmt. ^iKiav, a drawing vertuc to procure fricndlliip. 
 
 At your meate to be liberall and freely merry, is very 
 healthy and onnely, and many times the ftranger or gueft 
 will take more content in the checrclincfTe of your coun- 
 tenance, then in your meate. Augujius the Empcrour had 
 alwayes his mirth greater then his fcalls. And Suetonitis 
 faith of T/Vkt, P^eJpafoTis &)nne, he had ever his Table 
 furnilhed with mirtli and good company. Aiui the old 
 Lord Treafurer of England^ Lord IViUiam liurghley^ how 
 employed ioever in State atiaires, at his Table hee would 
 lay all buthiclTe by, and be iieartily merry. 
 
 Charles 
 
of Reputation and Carriage. 231 
 
 Charles the Great vfcd at his meatcs to have fomc 
 
 Hillory read, whereof hec would afterwards difcourfc. 
 
 And Francis the firft, King of France^ would commonly 
 
 difpute of Hiffory^ Cofmcgrapky^ Poetry. His Majifty our Sltiimt lib. 19. 
 
 Soveraignc, altogether in points and profound qutitions 
 
 of Divinitie. When I was in Vtreckt^ and lived at the 
 
 tal>le of that Honourable Gentleman, Sir lohn Og/e, Lord 
 
 Governour, whither reforted many great Schollers and 
 
 Ciptamcs^Er/g///7j,Scotti//jj Frettch,ind Dutch^ it had bcenc 
 
 enough to have made a Scholler or Souldier, to have 
 
 obfcrved the fevcrall difputations and difcourfcs s.mong 
 
 many ftrangers, one while of fundry formes of battaiks, 
 
 fomctime of Fortification; of Fire-workes, Hiftory, 
 
 Antiquities, Heraldry, pronunciation of Languages, &c. 
 
 that his table feemed many times a little Acadcmie, 
 
 In your difcourfe be free and affable, giving entertain- Affabilitic in 
 mcnt in a fweete and liberall manner j and with a cheere- Difcourfe. 
 full courtefie, feafoning your talke at the table among 
 grave and ferious difcourfcs, with conceits of wit and 
 pleafant invention, as ingenious Epigrams, Emblcmes, 
 Anagrams, merry tales, wittie queftions and anfwcrs, 
 Miftaking?, as a melancholy Gentleman fitting one day 
 attable,whereIwaslUrtcdvpvponthe fudden, and mean- 
 ing to fa y, 7 muft goe buy a dagger^ by tHmfpofition of the let- 
 ters, faid : Sir, I mufi goe dye a begger. 
 
 A plaine countrey man, being called at an AlTize to be 
 a witneflc alxiut a piece of land that was in controverfie, xhi* hapmd 
 the Ii'dge calling, faid vnto him, Sirrha, how call you that in HirfJ^. 
 water iliat runnes on the South-(ide of this clofe ? My Lord 
 (quotii the fellow) our water conies luitkout calling. 
 
 A poorc Souldier with his Musket and reft in Breda^ of a Souldier 
 came one day in, and fet him downe at the nether end 
 of the Prince of Orange his table, as he was at dinrcr 
 (whither none might bee priviledgoi vnder the d^ree of a 
 Gentleman at the Icaft to come :) the Gentleman -Vfhcr 
 of the Prince demanded of him, if hee were a Gentleman : 
 yes quoth the Souldier, my father was a Goldfmith ot 
 
 Andviarpe : 
 
■I f; 
 
 r 
 
 1> 
 
 E » 
 
 i 
 
 rufiftittt, a 
 marble image 
 in Rome, on 
 which they vfc 
 to fixe libels, 
 Becaufe an 
 Earle in R»me 
 had married 
 a Chamber- 
 maide. 
 
 .232 Of Reputation and Carriage. 
 
 Andv}arpe : but what can you doe in your fathers trade ; 
 
 (quoth lie) I can fct ftoncs in Mortar, for he wasaBricklater 
 and lielpcd Mafons in their workcs. 
 
 For Epigrams, Fafquine will aftbord you the bcft and 
 quickcft I know. You Hull have them all bound in two 
 Volumes. I remember hec tells vs once vptMi a Sunday 
 momingyP afjuine hada foulc fliirt put on, and being asked 
 the caufe, Pahuint made anfwer, becaufe my Laundrcflc 
 is become a Countelfe. 
 
 You (hall have a tade of fome of my AnagramSj fudi 
 as they arc. 
 
 Vpi>n tlie l^rince. 
 CAROLVS. 
 6 Clarus. 
 Charles Pr'tnre oflVales. 
 All France cries, d heipe vs. 
 OFth.c Quccpc of Bohemia and Princeflc Palatine of 
 the Rhcney my gracious Lady. 
 
 ELISABETHA STEyARTA^ 
 Has Artes heata velit. 
 
 Being requeiled by a Noble and Religious Lady, who 
 was fifter to the old Lord, De la IVare^ to try what her 
 name would aSFoord, it gave me this : 
 
 lAKE WEST. 
 En tua le/if. 
 
 And vpon the name of a brave and beautiiull Lady, 
 wife to Sir Robert Mordaunty fonnc and hcire to Sir Le 
 Straimge Mordaimt Knight and Baronet in the Countie 
 of Norfolke : 
 
 Amie Mordaunt. 
 Tu mere Dianam. 
 
 Turn ore Dianam. 
 Minerva^ domat. 
 Me mduat amor. 
 
 Nud.)^ te mWam. 
 Vi tatidcm amcr. 
 
 Vpon 
 
of Imputation and Carriage. 233 
 Vpon the name of a fairc Gentlewoman in Italian : 
 ANNA DVDLjEIA. 
 E'la nuda Diana. 
 
 Vpon a fwtcte and a modcft young Gentlewoman, 
 Miftris 
 
 MARIA MEVTAS. 
 
 Tu a me amaris. 
 
 To comfort my fclfc living in a Towne, where I found 
 not a Scholler to converfe withall, nor the kindeft rcfpedt 
 as I thought : I gave this my Pofie, the fame backward 
 and forward, 
 
 SVBl jyVRA A RVDIBVS. 
 
 Of Malter Doflor Hall Dcanc of WorceRer^ this, added 
 to tlic Body of a Glory^ wherein was written lebovah in 
 Hebrew, refembling the Deitie, 
 
 lOSEPH HALL. 
 
 All bis Hop,: 
 
 Of a vcrtuous and faire Gentlewoman at the rcquell: 
 of my friend who bare her good will. 
 
 PRANC:S BARNET. 
 Barres in Fancy, 
 And this, 
 
 Theodofia Diy v. 
 ADEO DIXIT HONOS: or 
 O Dea, dixit Honos. 
 
 Of my good friend Mafter Dodor Dovjland^ in regard 
 he had ilipt many opportunities in advancing his fortunes 
 and a rare Lutenift as any of our Nation, befide one of 
 our greatcll Maftcrs of Muficke for compofmg : I gave 
 him an Embkme with this ; 
 
 JOHANNES DOVLANDl^S. 
 Annos ludendo haufi. 
 
 There were .U one time in Rome very wiltic and vn- 
 happy libels call forth vpon the whole Conliltory of Car- 
 dinals 
 
2 34 Hcputation and Carriage. 
 
 dinais in the nature of Emi/emet. I remember Cardinall 
 
 Farf/efi had for his part a Storkc devouring a Froggc, with 
 MorJeo non mordentes^ Bellarm'ine a Tiger fall cliaincd to 
 a poft, in a fcroule proceeding from the beafls mouth in 
 
 Italian : Dami mia liberta^ vederetc ch'i to sono : that is, 
 give mcc my Libcrtic, you ihall He what I am, meaning 
 perhaps he would jc no longer, &c. And thofe were very 
 knavilh that were thrownc vp and downe the Court ot' 
 Irance^ the Efcotcheonor Armcs of the partie on the one 
 lide of a paft-board, and fomc ingenious device on the 
 other; as one had the Armcs of the Houfe of di Medici 
 of Florence^ on the one fide, on the other an inkehornc 
 with the mouth turned downward, with this tart Pafjuil : 
 E'lefaut d\hcre : ^nd fo of the whole Court. 
 
 Emtlemtt and Irnprefj:^s if ingcnioully conceited, arc 
 of daintie device and much cllccme. The Invention of 
 the Italian herein is very fingular, neither doe our Englilli 
 wits come much behind them ; but rather equall them 
 every way. The bcft that I have fecnc, have btene the 
 dcvifcs of Tiltings, whereof many are referved in the 
 private Gallery at White Hall, of Sir Fhilip Sidneys^ the 
 Earic of Cumhtrland, Sir Henry Leigh, the Earle of Efex, 
 V itii many oth<-rs, moll of which I once colledlcd with 
 intent to pubiilli them, but the charge diffwaded mee. 
 
 But al ovc all, in your talke and difcourle have a care 
 ever lo fpeakt the truth, icmembring there is nothing that 
 can more prejudice your ellecme then to bee lavilh- 
 tongued in fpeaking that wliich is falle ; and difgracefuUy 
 of others in their abfencr. The Ferfiatis and Indians had 
 a law, that whofocver had i • < i. thrice convidled of 
 fpeaking vntruth, lliould vpon pamc o( death never fpeake 
 piM» ijith, word all his life after. Cato would fuffer no man to bee 
 " praifcd or difpraiftd, but vied alwaics fuch difcourfe as 
 
 Sronrt'o hi" profitable to the iiearcrs ; fi)r as one faith, DiSeria 
 for lie com- minuunt Maieftatem. lefts and fcoffcs doe Icflfen Majeftie 
 fortofthcCckc. and grtatnelle, and Ihould be farre from great perfonages, 
 and men of wifedome. 
 
 Chap. 
 
of Trauaile. 
 
 Chap. XVllI. 
 
 Of Trauaile . 
 
 I WILL conclude with TVW/f, which manydifallowin 
 Gentlemen, yea and fome great traucllcrs thcmfelues ; 
 but mce thinlces they are as one who hath rilled his 
 owne belly, and dcnieth the difh to his fellow, In my 
 opinion nothing rcdificth & confirmeth more the iudg- 
 ment of a Gentleman in forraine affaires, tcacheth him 
 knowledge of himfelfe, and fetlcth his affedion more 
 fure to his owne Country, then trauaile doth : for if it be 
 the common Law of Nature, that the learned fliould , ^. 
 haue rule ouer and inftrud: the ignorant, the experienced, c^'. 
 the vncxpericnced, what conceameth more Nobility, 
 taking place aboue other, then to be learned and wife ? 
 and where may wifdome be had, but from many men, 
 & in many places? Herevpon we linde the moft eminent 
 and wife men of the world to haue beene the greateft 
 Trauailcrs (to omit the Patriarches and Apoftles them- 
 felues in holy writ) is Plato, Pythagoras, AriftotUy Tbeo- 
 phrafius, Ofyrisy King of ^gypt, who trauelled a great 
 part of the world, and caufed to be engrauen vpon his 
 Sepuldier, Heere vnder I lie King Ofyris, eldeft fonne of DiU,r. Sic. 
 Saturne, vjIw hats, left no pnt of the -amid vn/earched, «• 
 luhitherto I haue not com -^ teaching againe whatfoeuer I haue 
 found, tor the vfe ana comm.oditie of mankinde. And 
 Xenophon to intimate vnto vs the benefit and excellent vfe 
 of Trauaile, faith that Camiyfes, by his trauaile learned 
 many excellent things, which he taught Cyrus his fonne : 
 and hauing trauailcd as farre as Merob (as a parpetuall 
 monument of his long voyage) he built a Citic in the 
 forme of a Perjian fliield. And it was the vfuall boaft of 
 Alexander (faid Archelaus a Cofmographer) that he had Di^. i..„rt. u. 
 found out more with his eies, then other Kings were able *• '"vit^^rM. 
 
 to 
 
2^6 OJ Trauaile. 
 
 to comprehend in thought : and to no fni til commcnda- 
 
 tion of hi ink' Ire, Menel.i s Wi llnnier^ uj )''a' i t he- 
 had bcciic in Egypt^ Cyprus^ P/recf/eda, Iccnc lhei>et 
 hailing an hundred gates, and at cuerygatc two hundred 
 horfc-men tor th; guard. Hut fav loii.f, ti of our 
 Gentlemen arc bettered by their liauaile, Inii rather 
 rcturne home worle then they went mi nianncrs, and 
 many times in Religion, thereto' • it v\ c better they 
 tarried iliil at home, according to Claudian : 
 
 Fmlix tjui patrijs ^vum tranfegit hi agrls^ 
 lpj\i Aotnus puerum qutm v 'idet :pfa fenem : 
 
 ^luj hacuto nitensj in qua reptaui: artna^ 
 f^n'ius numeral S<tcula longa ciftt. 
 
 flee's l)lelt wlio in's ownc Country ends iiis daies, 
 Whofe hotneflead fee's his old age and his birth, &c. 
 
 But this happinefle is but puerorum teatitudo, as one 
 
 faith ; and the grcateft vnhappincflc to the truly generous 
 
 and induftrious minde. 
 
 If therefore you intend to traucll, you mull firll pro- 
 pound vnto your felfe ^ the J.ud, which either is ad ro. 
 luptatem vcl ad vtilitatem ; pleafure or profit. For the hrll, 
 cuery one naturilJy afUcteth, and thj tbole himfelfc is 
 tickled with the light of llrange townes, towers and habits 
 of people. Therefore you mult hold yew to the other 
 which I? piotit, wliich a'^^ain-' hath two brai'ches, your 
 owne p iL.ite, or the publiquej your priuate, as the re- 
 couery o\ \ our health, by fome outlandifti meanes, as the 
 water of the Spa-^, fome Piiihtion famous for his cure 
 in iucii & fuch kinds, chang of aire, or gainir.^ as a 
 Merchant by traficjue, or fome profolTion wherein you 
 cxi cH others. Tlie publique is the geiicrall .;tH)d of your 
 Co'.intrey, for which we are alJ borne, il challenging 
 a tliir'i J a 'I of vs. 
 
 Hul befoii you 'r.iiuilc inf.) .i 'Grange Countrcy, I wilM 
 you (a- 1 liauc herclcKiibre laid) to be wel actjuainted 
 
 with 
 
of Travail c. 237 
 
 with yoiir ownc ; for I know it by experience, tlut many 
 of our yon{' gallants, have gone over with an intent 
 to pallc by nothing vnfccnc, or what might bee 
 knowne in their places; when they have becne moft 
 ir^norant htri' in their owne native Coiintrcy, ami 
 Grangers to their iull reproofe could dilcourle, and lay 
 more of England then they. 
 
 In your pallagc, 1 mull give you in cither liand a li^^^ht, 
 Pri (crvation, and Obicrvation. l^relervation of your 
 MiiiKie, from Errors, and ill manners } ^our body from 
 ililhiiipiraturc, < ither by over cftting, drinking, violcat 
 or vcncrcall cxticiie. 
 
 For there is not any nation in the world mure fiihiedl 
 vnto lurfets then our Engliili arc, whether it procccdeth 
 from the Conlhtution of our bodies, ill agreein<; with 
 tlie hotter climates, or the exchange of our wiiolciome 
 dyct and plenty, for little and ill drell j or the greedinefle 
 of their fruits and hot wines, wherewith onely wee arc 
 fonictime conftrained to fill our Ijellics, 1 am not ccrtaino. 
 No lellc'perili there is, ah ijlis caUidis & caliJis Solis fiUabtu^ i.iffm. 
 which almoft in every place will offer themfclves or be 
 put vpon yoii by others. 
 
 Kccpe the fountainc of your mindc from being cm- 
 poifoned, cfpecially by thofe Serpents, Errour and 
 AtheifmCj which you fhall hnd lurking under the fairell 
 flowers : and t .ougii you hearc the liifcourfes of all, and 
 lilhn to the charmcs of fome, dilcovcr your Religion or 
 inindc to none, but refembling the needle of the com- 
 pare, howloever for a while mcx)ved or lhakcn, looke 
 Northerly, be conrtant to one. To be carried away with 
 every fancy and opinion, is to waike with Cain in the 
 landof ♦giddincncjthegrcateft punilhmcntthatGod laved 
 upon him. 0^*^-, 
 
 i^eforc you enter into Obfervation, firft feeke the 
 language tiiat you may be fit for conference, and where 
 the language is hell fpoken there fettle, and furnilh your 
 felfe with the diftrectcll an 1 molt able Mafter. For as 
 
 hcere 
 
f1 
 
 'I'! 
 
 1 t-r. 
 
 3!;' 
 
 238 
 
 Of Travai/e. 
 
 hccrc in England, fo in other places, the language is 
 I'poken with more elegancy and puritic in ibme places 
 morethenothers. For the French,Orleans and there about 
 is eftccmed the beft, Florence for the Italian, Lipfick for 
 the high Dutch, and Valledolid for the Spanilh. 
 
 To helpe you in conju!2;ating your verbes, yoa may 
 vfc the helpc awhile of a CJ rammer of that language, but 
 in general! you muft cxpedt your perfedliDii from con- 
 ference : for hereby the true accent, and the native grace 
 of pronounciation (which no booke can teach) is onely 
 attained. 
 
 Now afwell for neighborhood fake, as that the French 
 tongue is chiefely affiled among our Nobility, it being 
 a copious and a fweet language, wherein fo many famous 
 workcs by as great wits as any ever Europe bred, have 
 beene publiflied : I wilh you firft of all to fee France, 
 being feated under a temperate and moft wholefome 
 climate, and (liall not endanger your health fo much, as 
 being fent upon the fuddainc from a cold Country, into 
 the fcorching heate of another more remote. 
 
 I will not ftand to makeany Topographicall defcription 
 of the Countrey, I being herein both preuented long fince 
 by a faithfull pen : befide, I remember I am to write onely 
 one Chapter, not a volume. 
 
 You (hall finde the French, I meane of the nobleft and 
 better fort, generally free and curteous, vnto whom even 
 among their Princes, State and Maicftiquc rctirednefle 
 are burthenfome, fo that fomctime you (hall fee them 
 familiar with the meancft. La Nou'e fpcaking of the 
 French Nobilitie, faith EUe ejl tres vallereufe curt 01 fe 
 et ny a Efiat en la Chrefi'tenti, ou el/e fo'tt en ft grand nomhre. 
 They are exceeding valiant and courteous, and there is 
 no cftatc in Chrillendome where they are in fo great 
 number. 
 
 They delight for the moft part in Horfmanlhip, 
 Fencing; Hunting,Dancing,andlittleefteemeofLearning 
 and gifts of the minde ; contrary to the Cuftome of the 
 
 ancient 
 
of Travaile. 239 
 
 ancient Romanes, as Cato the Cenfor^ Cafar^ Taulus 
 Mmillus and many others, no Iclle famous for knowledge 
 then action ; whereof thcmfclves and their friends often- 
 times complaine. Commines ]ayeth the fault vpon the re- 
 miflenefle of parents in their education . Ih nourijfent leurs 
 enfans feulement a f aire hi fots^ en hahilements et en paroUes 
 de nutte lettre ilsnont cogHo'tJfance, They breede their children 
 to play their wanton fboles, both in apparell and words, 
 but for learning they know nothing. 
 
 The French are full of difcourfe, quicke witted, fudden 
 in adtion, and generally light and inconftant; which 
 C*f^/»rfoundlongfince,writingof them, ^odfunt in confi/ijf 
 capiendis moiiles, & novis plerumque rebus fiudent^ and elle- 
 
 herCjhe calles GaUorum fuhita & re^entina confilia. More- 
 over as among the Spanifli and Dutch, one fafliion of 
 Apparell ftill obferved amongft them, argueth a conflancie 
 of minde and humour ; fo their change and varietie, their 
 vainenefle and levitie j for every two yeere their fafliion 
 altereth. 
 
 Their exercifes are for the moft part Tennife play, 
 PallemaiJe, fliooting in the Crofle-bow or Pcece, anJ 
 Dancing. 
 
 Concerning their Dyet, it is nothing fo good or 
 plentii ull as ours, they contenting themfelves many times 
 with meane viandes, onely in the folemne feafts, and 
 banquets of entertainment, they are bountifull enough, 
 yea fiirre excecde vs : as for the poore Paifant, he is faine 
 oftentimes to make vp his meale with a Mulhrome, or his 
 Grenoillcs (in Englilli, Frogs,) the which are in Farit and 
 many other places commonly fold in the Market. 
 
 Concerning their building, it is very Magnificent, and 
 I know not whether in all Europe^ any Iniildings may 
 for Maieftie and State be compared with thofe of France^ 
 (though they have beene mifcrably fpoyled bf the laft 
 civill warres) thev being the belt Architects of tne world j 
 vpon the view of fome of which (as breathing on a fairc 
 hill) I will detaine you awhile. At firft we will begin 
 
 with 
 
24° of Travaile 
 
 The Lnmre. With thc Lovure in Paris. The Lovure is the royall feate 
 
 of thc Kings of France, famous thorowout all Europe, fituate 
 nccre to the townc walJes on thc Weft {ide : by which 
 runneth thc River of Seine, which in old time ferved rather 
 for a FortrciFe then a Kings Houfc, and herein was a 
 Tower wherein were kept thc Kings Revenues and Trca- 
 fure. Which after by King Francis thc firlV, was pulled 
 downc, and in this place was begun the building of the 
 Front, which is of Majmry, fo enriched with pillars, frizes, 
 architraves and all fort of architedture with fuch excellent 
 lymmctry 3,nd beautic, that thorowout all Europe, you 
 mall hardly finde the like. It was begun by Francis thc 
 firft, finiflied by Henry his fonnc, vnder the appointment 
 of the Lord of Clagny^ and afterwards encreafed by Francis 
 the fecond, Charles the ninth. Laft of all made the wonder 
 o; all other workes, by that beautifull Gallery, the worke 
 of Henry thc fourth. 
 
 The TuiUfriet. The Tuilleries Ibmctimc belonged to the Suburbes of 
 Saint Honore in Paris, by thc fide of the Lovure, and was 
 indeed a Place wherein they made Tiles, and by reafon 
 there were many faire Gardens about it, the Qucene 
 mother drawing the plot her felfe, feeing it a pleafant and 
 fit place, began firft to build htre. It is a royall worke all 
 of free Stone. The portall or entrance is very ftately, of 
 Marble pillars and lafper. 
 
 n>,taine Item. Fontatnebleau is fcituate in the forreft of Becro, in a 
 plaine cncompalTcd with great Woods, and was in old 
 time a retiring place for the Kings of Fr^wcf. Francis the 
 firft, who loved to build, tooke great pleafure in this feate 
 and buildcd here the houfc, as we fee it at this prcfcnt; 
 thc bafc Court hereof is elkemed thc fairclt of all France : 
 inthe fccondCourtthercis thc purcftand faii eft Fountaine 
 efteemed in the world, wherefore it was called Belle eau'e, 
 and fo Fontaine Belle eau'e. K. Francis this place fo 
 well, that he fpent moft of his time here, beautifying it 
 while he lived with all forts of Commodities, goodly gal- 
 leries, Stroves ',&c. and caufed the rarcft Mailers of Europe 
 
 ' Sk in edd. in 
 
OfTrauaile. 241 
 
 in painting to be fent for, for the beautifying it with 
 all manner of Hiftories. Alfo heere he placed the rarcft 
 Antiquities he could get. In briefe, whatfoeuer he could 
 wrap or wring, he thought to little tor this place j it is 
 about fourteene leagues from Varis. 
 
 Blots is an ancient Caftle fcituate from the Riuer u\ 
 Loire vpon an hill. Heere the old Kings of France were 
 wont to refide, efpedally Louis the twelfth tooke delight 
 in this place, who was called Tater Patriae. It hath 
 belonging vnto it two goodly forrefts, one on this fide the 
 riuer, the other on the other. Going forth of the gardens 
 of the houfe, you pafle into the forreft vnder foure rowes 
 of elmes, at the leaft 12. hundred fpaces : this is rather re- 
 markeablc for the antiquitie then the beauty, the towne 
 ftandeth beneath, about the which are thefe faire places 
 within 1. or 5. leagues, Bure, Beauregard^ VtUe-fanfm^ 
 Chhdomy^ and fome others. 
 
 Ambotfe is one of the principall buildings of France^ UxMCt. 
 it alfo ftandeth vpon the Ijnre vpon a high Seate ; at the 
 foote hereof is the towne, and neere that a goodly For- 
 reft : this Caftle is feene a great way off both by the hill, 
 and the vally yeelding fo goodly a profped, as I ncucr 
 beheld a better, for from the terrailes that enuiron the 
 Caftle, you may eafily defcerne Tours and the Abby of 
 Marmoufiier feauen leagues off ; the Caftle ftandeth vpon 
 a Rocke at the foote whereof there is a Cloifter. 
 
 This houfe is in Picardie^ vpon the way from Paris to 
 Soijfms, diftant from Paris 16. leagues, f. from Seijpmt • it raUm at, 
 ftandeth clofe vpon the forreft of Rets ; it is of very great 
 receipt, as may appeare by the enclofure of the parke. 
 Here King Francis (wl of only delight was in building) 
 for many yeares together fet Mafons a worke,the rather 
 bccaufe it adioyned vnto the greateft forreft of all 
 France^ himfelfe louing hunting exceedingly. Here are 
 the goodlieft walkes in Eurofe, for the trees themfelues 
 »re placed in curious knots, as we vfe to fet our herbcs in 
 gardens. 
 
 PEACHAM R Ckarltval 
 
Charliv4i. 
 
 TheCaftleof 
 Vincmnes, 
 
 [ f 
 
 242 OfTrauaile. 
 
 Charleval is in Kormavdy vpon the way from Paris to 
 Rovan, neere to the village of Fleury. It was built by 
 Charl the 9. at the inltance of the Lord of Durefcu ; it 
 ftandciii in a valley enclofed with mountaints about, 
 which is the Forrelt of Lyons : among thofe Mountaines 
 are many goodly profpeds one within another, it is 
 J. leagues by a pleafant valley eafily difcerned to the 
 riuer Seine ; had it bcene quite finiihed it had beene the 
 chiefe building of France. 
 
 This Caftle or Royal houfe is called Boh dt Vmceimes ; 
 it is fcituate within one league of P^m, & two of Saint 
 Dennis the place of buriall of the French Kings, fo that 
 thefe three ftand in a manner in a triangle. It is a very 
 fumptuous worke & of admirable Art: it was begun by 
 Charles County of Valois^ brother to ?hilip the faire, and 
 finiflied a good while after by Charles the fift. This houfe 
 hath many faire Courts in it, withall about it a Parke, 
 containing in circuite 16^. or 17. thoufand paces, which 
 amount to two leagues and a halfe j Itretching on the 
 South, euen vnto the riuer of Seine^ and by North vnto 
 the riuer of Marne, which ioyning at the village of Con. 
 fluence (fo called of their meeting) neere Charsnton fall 
 downe vnto FarU, This in ancient times was the vfuall 
 Court and abode of the French Kings, but now little fre- 
 quented, and falling in a manner to ruine. 
 
 But I omit farther to fpeake as well of the Koyall 
 houA^, and thofe dt the Noblefle, being indeed the beauty 
 of France. Whereof there are many other, as S. Maur^ 
 Chenonceau^ Chambourg^ Boulo^e, Creil, CouJJie^ Folemhrayy 
 Montargis^ S. Germaine, and la Muette^ which arc al the 
 Kinges houfes and worthy your view and regard if you 
 happen to find them in your way. In briefe, hold France 
 for one of the moft rich, fcrtilelh & braueft Kingd^mes 
 of the World. 
 
 And fince Spaine and France are but one Continent, 
 let vspafle the Fyrenean hils, and take ibme obicniations 
 there. 
 
 Spaine 
 
OfTravaiie. 243 
 
 Spaine\ye\\i Southerly from France^ in Northerne lati- Of Sfaine- 
 tudc from ^7. to 44. degrees or thereabout, in the fame 
 height and paralcll with the Azores Lands. It is farre 
 hotter then France^ a very dry Countrey, yet abounding 
 in fweet Springs, Rivers and all forts of fruites. Pafture 
 there is little or none in refpcd: of the great heat, but in- 
 finitely furnilhed with Vineyards, Olive trees, having 
 Corne fuffident fave onely in the Skirts of the Country, 
 which arc mountainous, hilly and barren, yet abounding 
 in Goates and other Cattell. 
 
 For vidtuals you fliall find it very fcarce, not that the 
 Countrey aftordeth not afutficiency, but that the people 
 being by conftitution hot and dry, are not able to digell 
 iieavy and more folid meate, like unto ours ; but rather 
 chufe Fruits, Sallets and iweet meates, as Mcrmaladc, by 
 them called MembrlUada (for mmtriUo is a Qu^ince) and 
 conferves of all forts, for toolenclle and lightneile of 
 digeftion. The people are by nature generally proud and 
 haughty, but withall very civill, faithful] to their friend, 
 and above all to their Prince, for feldome or ncuer haue 
 any of that Nation bin knowne to have bin traitors j 
 their Souldiers are infatigable, refolute, and obedient unto 
 their Commanders, but withall laicivioufly given, and 
 too cruel in vidtory. 
 
 The Gentry afFedt not the Countrey, but defire to live 
 in walled Townes altogether, where they dedicate them- 
 felves either to fome imployment of State, or bufinefle 
 of warre, fave fuch who are of the better fort, dedicate to 
 the Church, of whom there is at the leaft a third part. 
 
 Their habit in apparell is all one for colour and fafliion, 
 which hardly makes a diftindion of parts: onely they 
 are difcerned by their fervants (in whom they obferve an 
 excellent equipage) their regelado horfes, Caroches and 
 Horfelitters. 
 
 The women are blacke, and little, but very well 
 favoured, and for difcourfe admirable: thefe have a more 
 eminent diftin(^ion of habite, and are all difcerned by 
 
 R 1 their 
 
244 Of'TravaJe. 
 
 their apparel! of whavqualitiethey arc, they affedl ftrangers 
 
 much, and are liberall in their converfe with them. 
 
 The heart of the Countrey is venr fcarce of fifli : that 
 which they have, are either Tms orP«fi6«r<//,brought falted 
 from B^f<»r,ontheonefide,andfromf<f/*»«<«onthe other: 
 Yea, th' "Ihurch for want of fifli is faine to give a licence 
 to cat' entrailcs of beafts vpon fafting dayes. 
 
 Al' -ir meate, fruit and bread are fold by the pound, 
 and not excepi before an Officer which they call Alcalda^ 
 fo that no ftranger can be deceived either in weight or 
 price. 
 
 They tread their Come out with Oxen in the field 
 afloone as it is reaped >eir Mules and Horfes eating 
 the Straw with Barle) a Gates they are not fo well 
 acquainted with. It is a Countrey for travel] very com- 
 berfome in refped of lodging and dyet, except when you 
 come into the walled Townes, where you fluU according 
 to their manner be accommodated well enough. 
 
 They travell all on Mules, keeping their Horfes for 
 beautie and fliew, putting them to no vfe, fave onely to 
 be led vp and downe. 
 
 Their Coines are the bell of Europe^ fmce th-ir 
 neighbours make a gaine of them, as a pee- 
 Reals (or fixe pence of our money) goeth in 
 fourc fhillings and fixe pence : a Doublon in g. . cl-<.t 
 which is a Piftolet with them, being thirteene il:illin",s, is 
 in France and other places 25) Reals, which is foureteene 
 fliillings fixe pence of our money. Moft of the Coine that 
 pafleth for ordinary and triviall things, as Wine, Bread, 
 Melons, Peaches, is of BrafTe, which they call fluartas and 
 §luartiUias. Of their Aftfr/s!»<'<//«,twentiemake three pence. 
 Their buildings are faire and ftately, and the King,thoi^h 
 he hath many goodly Houfes and Palaces, as in SMU, 
 Granada^ Toledo^ Cordova^ VaUadolid^O'c. yet the Efcuriall, 
 feven leagues from Madrid, is the place where the King 
 moft refides, and this exceeds all the buildings of Chrift- 
 endmie, for beautie and curiolitie in contriving, to which 
 
OfTravaile. 24)' 
 
 is adioyncd one of the goodlicll Monaftcricsof the world, 
 wherein arc to bee fecne the rarcft VVatcr-workes that 
 men can devife. 
 
 Sfaine being divided into many Kingdomes or Prov- 
 inces, you are allowed to carry about you, onely but an 
 hundred Reals; what you have above it is forfeited, and 
 for that purpofe, at every bridge or paflage where the 
 Countries part, you are to be fearched. 
 
 And I hope you have heard fo much of the Inquifition 
 and the danger thereof, that I fliall not here need to give 
 you any caveat 
 
 Navarre afibrdeth, by rcafon of the Mountaincs, a very ^ct the fined 
 hard paflage. Whereof Fampelona is the chiefe Citie, "^^^^ 
 herein are the beft I 'uttons, and made theftrongeft Wines: 
 this Countrey is fo lundant in Rofemary,that they make 
 it their ordinary fev. cll in heating their Ovens, and for 
 their other vfes. 
 
 Aragon aboundeth in Wine and Corne, which Tortu- 
 gall fo wanteth, that all the Come in that Kingdome is 
 not able to fuffice Usbme onely, but they ai-e faine to have 
 it of the Britainerfy HoUamaerSy and from the Azores 
 Hands. 
 
 Laft of all it is worthy the noting, how that in their 
 Vniverfities, as Salamanca , A leal Conimtray &c. and 
 Other of their Colledges, they care little for the Latine, 
 but difpute and keepe their exercifes in Spanijb or the 
 Vortugfux.e tongue, yet have they great Schollers in all 
 profi^Sons. 
 
 Thus have I onely given you a tafte, how and what 
 efpecially to obferve in your travell. I willingly <imit to 
 fpeake of Italy ^ Germany^ and other Countries, by rcafon 
 tluy have beene fo exadlly defcribed by Mafter Sands and 
 others, vnto whofe ample difcourfes (excepting your per- 
 fonall experience) I refcrre you, it being here mine onely 
 intent, but to give you fome few diredions in gencrall ; 
 and fo I conclude, wiflung all happi • ■ to your felfe, and 
 profperous fucceife to your ftudies. 
 
 Chap. 
 
2j^6 Of Military Oh fcrvations. 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 
 Of J^Iilitnry Obfcrvntions. 
 
 oj Fiftuiti. TN teaching the Pojtures of each weapon to ciiery 
 A (ingle Souldier, you flull ufe thefe words which have 
 already beenc given you to that purpofe, and no other, 
 but when you come to ExerciJ'e the whole company 
 jo3rned, you may at feme times for your owne fatisfadion 
 in the more ready and graceftill performance of them, 
 command the Poftures to be done by the whole number 
 at onr , with fuch pawfe betwecnc every Pojlure^ as may 
 af}ord you mcanes to difccrne any failancc therein : but 
 whenfoeveryou skirmtih youflull ufe no more of diredion 
 then. 
 
 I. Make Ready. 
 i. Prefent. 
 
 5. Give Fire. 
 
 The firft importeth all the Pojiures unto prcfcnting : 
 The fecond to ftand ready to give Fire, but not to execute 
 it before the command be given. 
 offilti. The whole Company is to be divided into F/Ve/, each 
 
 Fi/e confifting of tenne men : the men in the Fi/e are to 
 be diftinguiflied by the names of LtaderSy Bringers vp 
 and Middle-men ; the two Seconds, the two Thirds, the 
 two Fourths; by the joyning of Files, Rankes are formed 
 which doe follow the I3ignity of each place in one File. 
 
 thtir I. Ratike, of Leaders. 
 
 i^'S.""]- z. Ranke, of Bringers vp. 
 
 3. Ranke of Middle-men to the Front, is the 6. Ranke 
 from the Frotft. 
 
 4.. Ranke of M-ddle-men to the Reare, is the fifth 
 Ranke to the Front • 
 
 5. Ranke is the fecond to the Front. 
 
 6. Ranke is the fecond to the Reare. 
 
 7. Ranke 
 
of Military Objervatims. 247 
 
 7. 1L0nkt is the third to the Beart. 
 
 8. Ranke is the third to the ¥ront. 
 y. VLanke is the fourth to the ¥rmt. 
 
 10. B.anke is the fourth to the Re are. 
 
 The Leader holdeth the fifft Rankt and Ihould be rc- IW; 
 fpcdtcd as the Commander of the whole F»7?, and fomc- 
 tinus (for eafc of officers) when any new men arc come 
 into the Ttle the Leader fliould cxcrcilc the whole I'tle^ 
 as well to teach them the true ufc of their Armtt^ their 
 Diftance^ and Motions, mcafurcs of March, whither the 
 Command be given by DrKwr, Voyce^ or any other Signall, 
 as toenabkhimfelfe by the exercife of that Imall command 
 for a greater when his fortunes and merits fliall come, 
 hee mull diligently attend the Command given, for by 
 his example the reft of the File is to be governed. 
 
 The Bringer vp, is as it were Leifienant of the Fi/e Duty »f th, 
 and is to fecond the Leader in every part of his duty, in f- 
 his fickeneflc or abfence he is to doe the fame office^ when 
 the Fi/e ihall be ranged, he is to take fome care that thofc 
 foure which are next him doe kecpe the We ftraight (but 
 without noife) and when the whole Troope or halfe of it 
 fhall Fro>,t to the Reare, he is in all points to doe the duty 
 of a Leader, 
 
 The Middle-men while the body rcmmncth entire are n,ay>fHUJJ, 
 but to keepe tlicir order duly, but when the Front is 
 doubled by them, then is the Leaders Middle-ma?: ' )ecorr 
 a Leader, and the other a bringer up, if the body Front 
 both wayes then are they both bringers up : The reft 
 are onely tc Imitate their Leaders in doing the things 
 commanded, and to keepe even with their Leaders and 
 fide-men. 
 
 The righthand Leader is the moft worthy, whofe par- 7^ Ognitj ^ 
 ticular duty is to begin the Arrainging of the whole 
 Troope, and in marching to obferve the appointed diftance 
 from the next body on the right hand. 
 
 The lefthand Leader is the fecond, becaufe he is to 
 d)ferve the diftance on the left hand. 
 
 The 
 
^48 Of Military Obfervations. 
 
 The two middle Liadtrs are next in dignity, and of 
 them he which fttndethon the left hand is tlic molt worthy 
 their particulcr duty is to kccpc the Frottt even, and to 
 obfcrvc the diftance when it fluU be rommanded, indif- 
 ferently without mention of any one hand. 
 
 The firth File is the fccond to the right hand. 
 
 The fixth File is the fecond to the left hand. 
 
 The fcucnth File is the third to the left hand. 
 
 The eighth File is the third to the ri^t hand and fo 
 onward according to the number of rilet. 
 
 Stand to your Arms, 
 tf CmmmuL Si/enet. 
 
 Stand right after your Leaders^ or File Even, 
 Stand even with your fide-men^ or ranke Even. 
 
 DifitHu. ^ Order i ^^^^^ ^ectc afunder, and 
 
 I the rankes fixe feete. 
 
 Imyotir mm OrdtrA ^^^^ ^'^'^ ^^tc afunder, and 
 ^ *\ rankes twelve feete. 
 
 /» jwr clofe Order, i That, is Filet a foote and a halfe 
 ( aTunder and ranke three feete. 
 
 ClofTcr then this your Mufqueteirs muft never be 
 placed, but the Pikes when they are to give or receive 
 a Ihocke, are to be commanded. 
 
 Piief in ytttr clafeB OrJ*r, «r PUn eU/e, pvvildnm t9 
 fovildron. 
 
 Then your ranckes muft clofe vnto the Rapiers or S-words 
 point of their Leaders. 
 
 If the words Files and Rankes bee not exprefled then 
 muft the Souldier underftand that both arc meant, but 
 fometimes you lhall command. 
 
 Files in your open order i , • , . 
 and Rankes in order \ lixc foote fquare 
 
 Files 
 
of Military ObfervattM/, 
 
 249 
 
 ■» I which is three iccte fqui 
 
 tare. 
 
 And this I would have you ufe often. 
 Open you, Rankes. 
 
 Which is alwayes done backwards : aad v amand 
 be to open to a very large diflance, the '■> ..;'rs vp are 
 to turne faces about and to march till all w. . reft of the 
 Sanits have the diilance required. 
 
 C/ofe your Rankes, Ofnii^itd 
 
 Cltfim tf FiUt 
 
 Which is alwayet done forwards, taking it from the *»* >Mr'' 
 LiaJtrs, 
 
 Open your Fi/es, 
 
 If no hand be expreded, they lhall open indifferently 
 to both, vntill the middle LeaJert have the diftance re- 
 quired, elfe are they to open vnto that hand which is men- 
 tioned, talcing it from ^he contrary hand. 
 
 The fame Rule hole alfo inclofmg of FiUt. 
 
 When you exercife ^ iatte/eJ, the Capta'me muft for p/*-« <^ 
 his place be in th ; het^d or #0»f of the ?iket, the Unttnamt 
 in ue ResTt, the Enjigm in the firft Bsnkty the SerieoMtt 
 on tV * Flankesy Drums on the comer t. 
 
 lu ) arching, tne Piies muil kept ftraight, the tLmk. 
 Rguies euen, ul the Armtt carried in one and me fame 
 Pofiure^ all muft move at once and begin at the fame 
 inftant by the found of the Drum or other (ignall to the 
 eye. 
 
 The Drum muft be tau^t to bcate a March in three 
 Meafures. 
 
 I. Th« Stovt. 
 1. Tb« Mtame. 
 3. TifeSvufi. 
 
 So 
 
of Military Obfervations. 
 
 So as all the Souldiert may proportion their pace 
 accordingly. 
 
 The Leaders muft turne and pafle a long by their 
 Fyles till they come to the place where the Bringers vp 
 ftood, the reft muft March vp to that ground where their 
 Leaders at firft ftood j there turning, follow vntill the 
 Bringers vp be in the Leaders places. 
 
 To the right hand. 
 To the left hand as you were. 
 To the left hand. 
 To the right hand as you tvere. 
 To the left hand about. 
 To the right hand as you were. 
 Files to the right hand double. 
 Files as you were. 
 Files to the left hand double. 
 Files as you were. 
 Rancke to the right hand double. 
 Rancie to the left hand as you were. 
 Rancke to the left hand double. 
 Rancke to the right hand as you were. 
 Middlemen to the right hatsd, double the Front, or 
 Ranckes. 
 
 Middlemen to the left hand as you were. 
 
 Middlemen to the left hand double the Pront^ or 
 
 Ranckes. 
 
 Middlemen to the right hand as you were. 
 
 That is when the laft five Ranckes fill vp the fpaces of 
 the firft five, but if no hand be exprefled, itfliall alwaycs 
 be done to the right. 
 
 Middlemen ty Di-mjion double the Front, 
 
 When the laft five Ranckes doe Front or turne to the 
 right-hand of the right-hand Flanckc, and thofc of the left 
 Flancke to Front, or turne to the left hand and marching, 
 
 till 
 
of Military Objervations. iji 
 
 till they be without the flanckes at an appointed diftance, 
 they front or turne as at Brft,aad march vp at both flanckes 
 even with the front. 
 
 In this motion remember to leave a fit diftance be- 
 tweene the Tikes and the Musketers to receive the 
 Middlemen, 
 
 Middlemen as you luere. 
 
 They Front or turne to the Reere^ alwayes turning on 
 the contrary hand when they are to mardi downe, and 
 
 marching till they havetheir diftance, then turningtowards 
 one another, they meete in their firft places. 
 
 Wheele to the right hand. 
 
 The right hand cornerman muft ftand firme, the left JfW* H» Mj 
 cornerman muft move forward, and every "Leader fuccef- " t^f^^^- 
 fiuely after him keeping the fame diftance exadly which 
 they had before they moved; when the next leader 
 unto the righthand cornerman fliall be advanced a 
 little forward then (hall he turne his face to the right- 
 hand and ftand that all the reft may Vrmt even with 
 him. 
 
 By the fame way of proceeding the hand onely meeUtoth; 
 changed. 'rf' 
 
 The cornerman muft turne as he did before and ftop mule tim the 
 at a halfe turne vntill the whole body be come even with **^* 
 him, fo turning like the foote of a compafle till he have 
 made the whole turne or converfion. 
 
 If you will diminilh the Rankes^ you muft breake the T» Rankt man 
 firft Ranke leaving them onely fo many as you fpecifie, 'cf*- 
 the remainder of that Ranke fo broken muft begin to make 
 another Ranke right after that Ranke you left ; and if they 
 be not enough to fill up the number required, they muft 
 be fupplyed by the former of the next Ranke and fo through 
 the whole body. 
 
 If you will incrcafc the R*nke^ the fecond Ranke muft 
 come up into the firft and fo onward, if the fecond alone 
 
 be 
 
If 2 Of Military Obfervations. 
 
 be not fufficient, then «, part of the third Rankc of all of 
 it, and fo onward till fo many Rankes be filled vp as the 
 number will beare j if there be odde men they muft begin 
 ft Ranke in the reare. 
 ^rmijh by Two Rankcs that are firft (as the word is commanded) 
 wmI^ /* alwayes make ready and being lead up tenne paces 
 tht Him. beyond the front of the Pikes, the Captalne or officer that 
 leadeth them, fliall ftand even by them, commanding 
 the firll Ranke to Prefent, and to give fire when he 
 findeth it fit, but fo foone as they have given fire 
 they fhall without any corimandment wheele about 
 that Ranke and March in one File unto the reare not 
 making ready till they come there, in the meane fpace 
 the foremoft two Rankes by the Pikes fliall advance 
 unto the skirraifliers, and the reft proceeding in like 
 manner as the firft ranke did, alwayes maintaining 
 two RanJces in a readinefle advanced beyond the 
 PiiceSa 
 
 s^rmfi, tj Two Files muft alwayes make ready, a Sergeant being 
 f'^**- at the head of the outtermoft File commandeth it to 
 
 prefent to tiie right or left hand, and having given fire, 
 the File fronteth or turneth as before, and ftanding 
 ftill make ready againe : by this time the bringers up 
 of the next File will be pafled, the leader of that File 
 then muft alwayes prefent (not going forcward but) 
 keeping the fame ground they have, and having given 
 fire ftand firme, making ready untill the firft FUe be 
 drawne up to them, then follow the Troope and of 
 tiie reft : if this be exadbly done the skirmifhers will never 
 be above the length of one File behind the body of your 
 PiJces. ' ' 
 
 Sk{rmifi, in thi Is the fame skirmilhing by Ranke in Front, faving 
 that in the Reere they only prefent by turning their bodies 
 alwayes to tlx right hand, and having given fire wheele 
 to the right hand & march away into the front. 
 The Middlemen muft front or tume to the reere, then 
 
 the 
 
Certaine necejfary Cautions. 2/3 
 
 the Ranke prefcnt without advancing forward, and 
 having given fire, they wheele about in Files and all into 
 the fpaces of the middle Rankes, but alwayes keeping 
 their diftance of Files and Rankes which they were com- 
 manded when they began to skirmifh. 
 
 The Files muft be in open order, the firft Ranke pre- 
 fenteth, and having given fire, maketh ready in the fame 
 ground, the fecond Ranke pafleth through the fpaces 
 of the Ranke, and ftandeth right before it at the appointed 
 diftance, prefenteth, and having given fire, ftandeth 
 firme, and fo the reft alwayes keeping the Ranke of 
 skirmilhers equall with the Pikes. 
 
 I. A LL commandments muft be given in the Front 
 **• wherefoever it be, wherefore if the officer in cheife 
 will not take the paines to goe thither in perfon kt him 
 at leaft fend his diredion thither by fome inferior 
 officer. 
 
 X. Every particular Souldier, muft be inftrudled not 
 onely unto the performance <rf' thofe things, but unto 
 the diftind knowledge and underftanding of them, and 
 firft to diftinguifli aFile from a Ranke, and to know and 
 find his diftance. 
 
 3. For the knowledge of their diftance in Files fix 
 the moft part the armes of two fide-men on kenbow 
 giveth three feete which is their order, and the armes 
 extended at length giveth fixe feete. 
 
 4.. The Leaders, Bringers up, and Middlemen muft 
 be particularly inftruded in your chamber by which 
 meanes your worke will be eafie in the field, for they 
 will be able to teach the reft. 
 
 y. Note that in all doublings every thing is undcme by 
 the contrary hand by that which was done. 
 
 6. In skirmilh let your Muskctiers take their ayme 
 little more then knee nig^. 
 
 7. When 
 
2^4 Certaine necejfary Cautions. 
 
 7. When your body of Pikes chargeth, let the halfe 
 files, middlemen, or laft five rankes onely Pert their 
 Pikes. 
 
 8. In the beginning of your Exercife, fpend at the 
 leaft one whole wceke in diftance and doubling of Files 
 and Rankes, before you pafle unto tlie more fubtile 
 motions, leaft you over charge the memory of be- 
 ginners. ' 
 
 9. So foone as they can performe any motion perfitly 
 ftanding, make them doe the fame marching. 
 
 10. Allow no prompting but let every man that 
 fadeth be made to vnderftand wherein he failed, for 
 while you reforme him, you informe aU the reft that heare 
 you. 
 
 11. Strike no man that erreth of ignorance, nor for 
 every negligence, but if he be obftinate then vfe difcreet 
 corre<ftion. 
 
 I a. But whofoever maketh noife after filence com- 
 manded, and will not quickely be reformed, corred him 
 either by your owne hand, or by the Sargeants : if the 
 offender be a Gentleman, I hope reproofe will be fufficient, 
 elle 1 leave him to your difcretion. 
 
 I J. When you skirmifh by Files remember to put 
 your Rankes in clofe order. ^ 
 
 14.. When you counter-march, Rankes and Files at 
 your open order. 
 
 I J. When you wheele, your Rankes and Files at 
 three feete. 
 
 T/je Pojiures of the Mufket. 
 
 ' IVT^'"'^'' '^'f''yo"r Musket and Reft Jbouldred. 
 1 ATA Prepare your Reft. 
 3 slip your Musket. 
 4. Fieafe your Musket. 
 
 5 loyne 
 
Tha vfe of the Musket. 2SS 
 
 y loyje your Rej7 und Musket, 
 
 6 Take out your Match. 
 
 7 Blow your Match. 
 
 8 Cocke your Match. 
 ^ Try your Match. 
 
 10 Guard your Pan, 
 
 11 Blow your Match, 
 1 1 Open ycitr Pan. 
 13 Prefent. 
 
 14. Giue Fire, 
 ly Recover your Musket. 
 16 Vncocke your Match, 
 I J Retume your Match. 
 
 18 Cleere your Pan, 
 
 19 Prime your Pan. 
 ZO shut your Pan. 
 II B/otu your Pan. 
 
 XX Cafi of your loofe Comes. 
 
 13 C<»/? ii^w? ^c»r Musket. 
 
 14. Traile your Rejt. 
 
 ly Ofemyeur Charge. 
 
 x6 Charge your Musket. 
 
 xj Draw out your Scouring fiicke. 
 
 i8 Sb»rte-t your Scouring ftitke. 
 
 29 your Po-'vder. 
 
 30 T* Wrtfw your featuring fiicke. 
 Shorten your Tcouring Hkkc. 
 
 ji Rex., ne your fcouring fiicke. 
 3 3 Bring forward your Musket. 
 34 Recover your Reft and Muske* into ymr firfi 
 Pofiure, 
 
 The Musket being Ordered. 
 
 I Shoulder your Musket, 
 1 Order your Musket, 
 
 3 Prepare 
 
 if 
 
Pifiures for th'' Pike. 
 
 3 Prepare your Cocke. 
 
 4 Make Ready. 
 
 y Prefent. 
 6 Giu* Fyre. 
 
 The vfe of the Musket upon femes, all the former 
 Poftures being reduced into three : at viz, 
 
 I Make Beady. 
 Which is all untill your Pamn be guarded. 
 
 1 Prefent. 
 J Give Fire. 
 
 Which doth alfo imply the charging of tlie Musket 
 a new without any farther diredlion. 
 
 A Generall note is, that the fouldier muft carefully 
 obferue the word of diredion giuen to fulfill all the 
 particulars vnto it, and not to goe farther, but upon the 
 fame to abide farther dire&ioas. 
 
 Poftures for the Pike. 
 
 shoulder your Pikes, 
 charge your P'kes. 
 Order your Pykes. 
 Trayle your Pykes. 
 Cheeke your Pykes. 
 
 To the Right-hand Chargf. 
 Shoulder your Pykes. 
 To the Left-hand Charge. 
 Shoulder your Pykes. 
 
 charge your Pykes. 
 Shoulder your Pykes. 
 
 To 
 
Concerning Fijhing. 2/7 
 
 To tht Reare Charge, 
 
 Shoulder : 
 Port your Pykes, 
 Cotnporte your Pykes, 
 Order your Pykes. 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 Concerning Fijhing. 
 
 IHave taken fo .nuch delight in the A r+ Angling, 
 that I may wd terme it the honell anu patient mans 
 Recreation, or a Paftime for all men to recreate them- 
 felves at vacant houres. 
 
 For Angling there are of diucrs kinds, but the moll; 
 ufefull are of two, either at the top of the water with 
 a Flye, or at the bottonie with other bayts. 
 
 But for the defcription of the Anglers Implements T ii» ^ngi, rtJ. 
 leave it to their owne difcretion, whether to ufe either 
 Hayfell, or Can but if with a flye the Hayfell is better, 
 for the Cane is to carry for priuacy either in a Jagge, 
 or framed like a ftaflfe to walkc with ail ; whofe loynts 
 doth many times failf, and deceive when a man doth 
 ftrike at his baite. 
 
 For the lynes they muft be framed according to neUnet. 
 the Fifli where you Angle ; for the fmall Fifh three 
 good haires taken from the tayle of a good Stone- 
 horfe that is lufty and in flefli, for your poore lades 
 haire is not fo goodj but if you come in place where 
 great 6fh are, you muft filh with lynes of fixe or eight 
 haires. 
 
 For the floates they are of divers kindes, as fomc 
 made of Corke with a quill ; but in my opinion the 
 floate made of two Swans quilis made one in the other 
 fo it take no water, or the Buftards quUls, are the 
 neateft. 
 
 And 
 
 rSACHAM S 
 
 
 
2/8 Concerning Fijbing. 
 
 Hnkft. And for your Hookes they arc to be fitted in fizc as 
 
 the fidi are cither great or fmall. 
 
 uittiniemrail. Thus farre having fliewed the neccllary Inllruments 
 appertaining to this harmclefle and modm recreation, 
 I will fet downc tlie baitcs to Angle with, and their 
 feafonsj Ibr baits they are of three kinds, which arc 
 live baits, dead baits, and artificial! baits, for your 'ivc 
 baits they are wormcs of all kinds, cfpecially the red 
 worme, the Maggut (or Icntlc), the Bob, the Dorre, 
 browne flyes, Froggcs, GraOioppcrs, Hornet, Wafps, 
 Bees, Snailcs, fmall Roches, Blcakes, Gudgcns, or 
 Loches, Mynnowcs, &c. Your dead baits arc Partes of 
 all kinds, yong broods of Wafpes dried or undried, the 
 clottercd blood of Sheepc, Cheefe, Bramble berries, 
 Come, Seeds, Cherries, and fuch like ; your baits which 
 feeme to live, yet are dead, are Flyes of all forts and 
 Shapes, made of filke and feathers about the Hookes, 
 fitting the feafons feverally for the times of the yeare, 
 which being moved in the water, the Fifli will greed'ly 
 ftrive to devoure. 
 
 For the feafons, in which thefe baits are to be ufed, 
 the red worme will fcrve for fmall Fifli all the yeare, 
 the Maggot or lentle in July, the Bobbc and Dorre in 
 May, the browne flyes in lune. Frogs in M'rch, Graf- 
 hoppers in September, Hornets in luly, Wafpes and 
 Bees in luly, Sns iles in Augurt • for the Roch, Blcakc, 
 Gudgin and Minnew, they ferve for the Pike and Trout 
 at any ft afon, all Partes are good in May, lune and luly, 
 dried Wafpes in May: Sheepes Blood and Cheefe in 
 Aprill. For Bramble berries, Corne and Seedcs at the 
 
 ofUjts. fell of the leafe : for flyes, thofe lor the Troute, the dun 
 flye is good in Mirch, the fton? flye in April], the red 
 and yellow flyes in May, the blacke and moriih flye in 
 lune, the Wafpe and fliell Flye in luly, the dowdy flye 
 in Augurt. 
 
 f*r the nuilng For the making of thefe flyes the beft way is to take 
 fh"- the 
 
Concerning Fijhing. 
 
 the naturall flyc, and make one fo like it that you may 
 have fport : for you muft ohfcrvc what flycs haunt the 
 waters for fealbns of the ycarc, and to make their like 
 with Cottons, Woole, Silke, or feathers to refemble the 
 like. 
 
 You inuil not kccpc your live baits all together, but F>r prtfervin^ 
 every kind by it feltc,and to feed them with luch things 
 tliey delighted in when they had their liberty : and to 
 begin with the red Worme you ihall put them in a 
 bagge of woollen cloath (if it be red the better) and put 
 ground moffe or fennell cut fmall in which thejr will 
 Icourc themfelvcs, but if you mixe earth that is fat 
 and blackc, or Ncates dunge they will live the longer : 
 For your Maggots or lentles they are fed with Shcepes 
 ftiuet, or livers of any beafts cut into fmall bits, but to 
 fooure them vfe fand, loamc or branne, and keepe 
 them warme, they will live the longer : for Frogs and 
 Gfaflioppers wet moflc is bell to keepe them in, and 
 when you Angle with the Frogge, cut off their legges 
 at the knees, and the Graflioppers wit^s neerc the 
 body ; for other wormcs, as the Bobbe, Cadis-worme, 
 Canker or fuch like, you may keepe them with the 
 fame things you take them with : Pali is a made bait for rafte. 
 and there are divers kinds of them : but to make Parte 
 to lart long, you may ufc Beane flower and thofe parts 
 of a Connies legges which are called the Almonds, or 
 a yong whelpc, or cat is as good, and put the like 
 quantity of Virgins wax and Sliccpes fliuet, and beate 
 them together in a mortar till they become one body, 
 then with a little clarifide Hony temper them before the 
 fire, and make them into balls, thefe will keepe long, 
 with this you muft baite your hooke with : fome ufe 
 the pureft white bread they can get and make it into 
 Parte to fifli at the hooke, the courfer Partes are ufed to 
 baite the ground to intice the Fifli to gather together to 
 that place which you Angle in by flinging in fmall 
 
 balls 
 
 s 1 
 
atfo Concerning Ftjhing. 
 
 balls or Pellets of courfcr Parte : thus much ibr your 
 baitcs. 
 
 Now I have named the baits, it is necefliry to Ihew 
 Cwigin. what fifli are delighted therewith, as the Gudgin, Roch 
 1^ and Dace, which arc Fifli of eager bite and i'oontft 
 
 deceived, and ftcdc at the rcddc Worme, Icntle or 
 
 Parte. 
 
 C^rf*. To Angle for the Carpe your Rod and line muft be 
 
 rtrong, hte is dainty to bite ; his times of feeding are 
 early in a morning, or in the evening ; therefore is to 
 bee enticed by baiting the ground with courfe parte; 
 the redde Worme he fcldome refuftth in March, the 
 Cadis in lune, the Gralhopper in luly, Auguft and 
 September. 
 
 (Uvin. The Chevin and Troute arc taken at the top of the 
 
 Trmit. „.ater with Fiycs, Snailcs, and Gralhoppers, at the 
 
 bottome with the great redde Worme. 
 The Ecle and Flounder are two greedy Fifli and 
 flSi"* ^'^^ Worme, the bcil ieafon to Angle 
 
 for Breame is from the litter end of February till 
 September, the baits which hee delights in are Wormcs 
 of all forts, Butter-flyes, greene flyes, parte of all 
 t^" crummcs of white bread, and the brood of 
 i ifpes. 
 
 T"""-''- The Tench is a Fifli that ever loveth the bottome of 
 
 Rivers, where tlie Oofe or mudde is thickcrt, the bert 
 Anghng tor liim is in the height of Summer, for at other 
 feafons he bites more Sparingly, the baites which delight 
 him are partes very fweet, the browner the better 
 being mixt with ftieepes bloud ; alfo at the great red 
 V/orme. 
 
 The Perch biteth at the red Worme about the mid- 
 deft of the water. Thus have I briefely fet downc the art 
 of Angling, and will conclude with all feafons which 
 arc naught to Angle in, as the violent heate of the day, 
 high Winds, great Raine, Snow and Hailc, Thunder, 
 
 Lightnings 
 
Concerning Fijljing. 261 
 
 Lightning, or any wind that bloweth from the E»ft, 
 Land flouds, and thickc waters, the falling of the leaves 
 into tht- water, and fuch like impediments whicii are 
 
 enemies to Anglers. 
 
 FJNIS. 
 
Oxford 
 
 Printed at the Qareiukm Press 
 by Horace Hart, M.A. 
 Primer to ihe Unirenicjr