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iJBL. 
 
 :. ^'^.A.s''fe'':*.#'i^'*** 
 
 0^ 
 
0' 
 
 TRlLirY OF PEACE AND AMITY 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY 
 
 AXD TIIR 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 Signed at Ghent, December 24, 1814. 
 
 3$ublifljeti i)j ^iitI)orit^, 
 
 LOyDON: 
 
 rEINTED BY R. G, CLARKE^ CANNON-RO\V, WESTMIKSTSt, 
 
'^^^^mm^^^^^j^ 
 
 /.= «•. '''■ ^ ' 
 
IKEA T Y. 
 
 TJIS Britaiinlc Majosty and the United States of Amerlea, desi- 
 rous of term i nut inn;' the Warwliich has unhappily subsisted be- 
 tween the two countril>^ and of rcstoiin^s upon pnn(ii)kH ot perteet 
 reciproeity, peaee, friendship, and good understanchni!; between them, 
 have for tliat purpose appointed tlieir respective Plenii)otentiane?, 
 that is to say, His Britannic Majesty on Ilis part has appointed the 
 Right Honourable James Lord (iand/ier, late Admn-al ot the nhite, 
 now Admiral of the Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet; Henry 
 Goulburn, Esq. a Member of the Lnpcrial Parliament, and iMuler 
 Secretary of State; and V/illia.n Adams, Ksq. Doctor ot Civil 
 Laws— And the President of the United States, by and with the advice 
 and consent of the Senate thereof, hay appointed John Quincey Adams, 
 James A. Bavard, Henry Clav, Jonathan Russell, and Aloert 
 (iallatin. Citizens of the United States ; who after a reciprocal com- 
 Tuimication of their respective tuil powers, have agreed upon the 
 
 following Articles : 
 
 ARTICLE L 
 
 There shall be a firm and universal Peace between His Britannic 
 Majesty and the United :if.a(es, and between tlieir respective coun- 
 tries, territories, cities, towns and people, of every degree, ^vithout 
 exception of places or persons. All hostilities both by sea and land 
 shall cease, as ?oou as this Treaty sliall have been ratified by both 
 parties as hereinafter mentioned. All territory, place?, and posses- 
 sions whatsoever, taken by eitherparty fromtheother during the war, 
 or which may be taken after the signing of this Treaty, excepting 
 only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without 
 delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any 
 of the artillery, or other public property, originally captured in tlie 
 said forts or places, and which shall remain therem upon the ex- 
 . change 
 
4 
 
 ,1,™'.- of the I\atifioa'ioMM.f this Treaty or any !.lavos or <'"'" F*" 
 ; tTr> o,,crt,-. And all arehive,, recor.k, dee.ls, «-^^?^^;;^'^^ ' 
 
 o tut \vai »ii^> " J, 1,^. piacticablc, lorthwitfi 
 
 r;treirl::a !!:'l' v';-;i *; J.e F-o,ir autlloritte, a.,<. por.ons to 
 -'S;':? t^E'l^CSay of ,.a.a,na,„oddy . are elairne. 
 In- both pai-cics, Hhall vemaiu in llu« possession .>f tlu< p.uU n ^^no c 
 
 Mul 1 'hm,!r'" hall hive bcou ,»a,lo, iu confornuty w.th the Fourth 
 
 ^'tI^dL:i;'t£r';;^;.le by .hi^Treaty, as to such i^^^:^^^^ 
 i.l,!,uU an!i territories elahned by both par Ue. shall .a an) manner 
 whatever be construed to alleet the right ot either. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 Innnedlatclv after the ratifieations of this Treaty by botli parties 
 
 n„ Ts the 36ti decree of west lougitude fron, the .nend.an of 
 
 r;re::;;v-;s,:':hit.rStoredo,.^. 
 
 thirty .lays m all "'h^''', P""^'' ',''',.„„' I^^me for the IJrUish a«<l 
 &^X. ZXO^ "^^ ^ »" 1-. of the W^ 
 
Imlics; firty days f.,r the Nmtli Seas, for tlK« Baltic, an I for all 
 parts of the MeditcM-ranean ; sixty days for the Atlantic Ocean 
 ,outh of the equator, as far as the latitude ot the (ape ot (,oo( 
 II.,j;e-, ninety days for cycrv other part of the \\oi- d south ot 
 the equator, 'and "one hunched and twenty days tor all other parts 
 of the world without exception. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 All prisoners of war taken on either side as ^vell hy land as l:y 
 sea sliidl be restored as soon as j)racticahle after the ratiliealions 
 of this Treaty as herein afier-nienti..ned, on then- paying the debts 
 which they may have contracted during' then- captivity. Ihe two 
 contracting paities respectively engage to discharoe in specie the 
 advances which may have been made by the other tor the sustenance 
 and maintenance of such i)riyoncrs. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 Whereas it was stipulated by the 2d Article in the Treaty of 
 Peace of 1783, between His l^ritannic Majesty and the l^nitec 
 Spates of America, that the boundary of the United States should 
 comprehend " ai! Islands within twenty leagues of any part of the 
 " shores of the United States, and lyin^- between lines to be drawn 
 " due east from the points where the aforesaid boundiuies, h«\wcen 
 '< Nova Scotia on the one ])art, and East Florida on tlie other, shall 
 '* ro^pe-tively touch tiie Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean, 
 «' exo pti n*" ^"^''' J^dands as now are, or heretofore have been witiuii 
 '• tiie I m ts of Nova Scotia;" And whereas the several Islands in 
 the Bay of Passaniaquoddy, which is pare of the Bay oi' Fundy, 
 and tl-.e Island of (inmd iVienan, in the said Bay ot Fundy, are 
 claimed by the United Slates, as belny; comprehended within their 
 'iioresaid boundaries, u liich said Islands are chiimed as belongino- 
 ^o His Britannic Majesty, as having been at the tune of, and [)re- 
 ' ' a - vious 
 
!^^^^^ 
 
 ;;;..al Inland. .lo^-Ul '^^^Ijl^^^'^, y-^]^\7S^: a.^fif tl^ 
 
 Hrm,vin\cM;.|;^'ty, ;'j; r , ji„;,,, .,,„i ,he g,o. 
 
 ;' > u !I.* l!.\lr..n,i.- Mi«.-ly a,ul tin- (-o 
 to;'.it. .-.ud ii.s «-• . ,., ...iri- tl-c' iriiort or riM)..> 
 
 UuiU-a Sudcs lu-ro\>y ''^!^;^ ^ \^^:,.l:?.,, 1,, state, tJ> be tlu-u ...u.1 
 
 1 
 
 Conuni^.iuuovs to souu- U. u v • c- - ^ ^ ^^ ^^,,^^ on the dit- 
 i;,r tbut pnrp.sc, and ^v^^ J'^^ '^^^^J,, , or reports, or upou 
 
 the reporter oiic coruaubs.ouu, t. ,-,cui ^^.j^^^.^^ 
 
V.tiicli tlic other romniissioner shall havo refused, declined or oinit- 
 tod to net, as the case may he. And if the Coinini'^sioner so re^usill^•, 
 dcclii)in<;- or omitting t<» act, rhull also vvilfull)- omit to state the. 
 jrrounds upon which he has so done, in such manner that the said 
 .statement may be referred to such friendly sovereign or .state, to2;e- 
 ther with the re])ort of such othi'r Connhissioner, then such sove- 
 rei*jn or si.iti" shall decide, e\ parte, upon the said re|>ort alone, and 
 His Jiritannie iMajestv, and the (iovernincnt of the I'nitcd States 
 engage to con:»irler tlie deeisi.)n of such friendly sovereign or state, 
 I'j f)e final and conclusive on all the matters so referred. 
 
 ARTICLE v. 
 
 Wlienws neither tliat point of the Highlands King due north 
 iVoni the source of the river St. ("mi?:, designated in the former 
 'I'rcaLy of Peace hetween the two jjnvvt-rs as the north-\v<.f;t an^le of 
 NovaiSeotia, nor the north-westernmost head of Connecticut River 
 have yet been ascertained; and whereas that part <^f the boundary 
 line between the dominioMs of the two powers, which extends froin 
 the source of the river St. Croix, directly north to the above men- 
 tioned north-west ac.gle of N(na Scotia, thence aloiig the said High- 
 lands which divide those rivers, tk<it empty t!: srselveu into the river 
 St. Lawrence, from those which lall into the i.-.lantic Ocean to the 
 nort!i-we.;tCi'!ininst head of Connecticut river, thence down ulono- 
 the middle of that river to (he 45th degree of north latitu(h>, thence 
 by a line due west on r^aid latitude until it strikes the river Iroquois 
 or Cataraguy, has not yet been surveyed, it is agreed that lor these 
 pi-veral jxnjjoses, two Commissioners sliall be appointed, sworn and 
 .ujthorized, to act exactly in the nianuer diri'ctod with resj)ect to 
 iho.-e mentioned in the next prcceeiling artii.le, unless otiiervvise. 
 specified in the ])rcsent ariiele. Thesaiil (,'onnnissioners shall meet 
 at St. Andrevvs, in the jjruvince of New Brunswie, and shall have 
 j)Dwrr to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think 
 tit. 'i'he ^;:id couii!iis'ioiu.'rs -ilijll have ]ja\ver to ascertain and de- 
 term me 
 
8 
 
 Hious of tlie s;ntl 1 reat v ot 1 v .u t. oi / , (; j^ t.. tlic nvcr 
 
 1„., .,uo,s or ( "'.^"^ ' ; '; „ , Ji.,K.rs slu.ll '....k. u ,u.y of tl.o 
 saul ni-ovlsK.iis ; tl' ■ ^a <1 '' ' , ,i,.„i.,,..,,i(,n iukUt iIh' r hands and 
 ,.icll»un.!ary am ,.nn« o a^.^1^^ -^^^ 
 
 propel-. And botiv P'"\'*-^"«' ;.^.. ,„ .i.^ ^,,\^\ bounaurv. 'Vi'<l >«» 
 tlmcvinit ol t.io s.iicl i""<"i"i „ „.;ii„lk- mnitliun- to net, sncli vi> 
 ,„,,s, ,l,.«rali..us or statcu.nt na.l ^ ^n^^ ^,.^^^^ ^,,^^„ ^^ 
 llK-n,, ana »»cl. f''^'''^'"'^';, ° j' ' „ I, f ,c (tnrtl. article U >on, 
 'iS^^:S iuTS rZtr'f If S:: ^.-e «. UereU, repeated. 
 
 ARTICLl'. VI. 
 
 r n\.,.of,r nf Priui' that portion of the 
 
 Whereas by the ^^^^^ Zm^^t^J^uZ the 45tl> .!e. 
 
 ^v.e ei-.vrth latitude -"'f " "^-j Y,e " on" the noddle of said 
 Ih.. I.ake ^''f'^'^sXif tl "«" t c ,Jm:o( saul Lake, until 
 .. river uito Luke Ontauo, ' """n ' ' l.etvveen that Lake and 
 
 . it strikes the <^°"'»;;;;;':'\' ™ J ,,, '' 1 . i, eonu.nn^ieation into 
 " I,ako Lnc, thence ah i.^ thi »'".,'■, , , j, •„ ^,^..y,„ at 
 
 " Lake Erie, throu,. the nm die • - ' ' „ ,',n ■■nce througi, 
 . .he „ater eon,un,n,.at,on ^^^^^J;;^ l)::::2,,,,,uo. betsvcin 
 " the nnddle ol said '-''^\." '^ . .„, „.,,„.„,s douh.s have arisen 
 " that Lake a. d Lake '^"l' ;'•.,';{ t.l.s, and Water Com- 
 ,vi,at «as tne mnW e ot »' ' l;;; V-S^ 1 n" in tl.e sanie were 
 KiunicatioUE, and whether corla.u Ulanas ij iu„ ^^ .^^^.^ 
 
,'or 
 he 
 :lu' 
 
 /IT, 
 
 ■eiu 
 ini- 
 l m 
 lIu'v 
 n> 
 •r ot* 
 I bo 
 lon^ 
 id. 
 
 f the 
 li (io- 
 y,.to 
 ' said 
 
 uutil 
 e and 
 1 into 
 fc at 
 rougii 
 twccn 
 arisen 
 Com- 
 ; \vcro 
 ^^ithin 
 
 & 
 
 Within the Jonihiion^i of His P.rUaunic .vf-.-estv or ff th." trnltrd 
 Mates In order thcrdorc, finally to decide these douhts, thcy^ 
 shall he referred to two Commissioners, to be nppomte I, swc. .., aiu^ 
 authorised, to act exactly in the manner dnectcd with resi..ct to 
 those mentioned in ihu next precedmff Prt.cle, unless otheT^uv. 
 tmccified in this present article. The said Commissioners .hail meoc- 
 inthefir-t in3lance, at Albany, in the state cf New York, an.l 
 ■hall have T)ower to adjourn to such other jdace or plnccs as they 
 shall think' fit. The said Commissioner!? shall, by a nnort or deci;.- 
 ration, under their hanus and seals, designatt; the boundary througri 
 the sau' river lakes, and water communications, and d'.'culeto v^l^.( !i 
 of the two Contraotiuo- Purtios the several Islands lynig v/ithin t!>.'i 
 said rivers, lakes, and water communication^ do rcspectividy helor.p, 
 in conformity with the true intent of tlie .aid Treaty ol 17«3. An< 
 l>oi)i parties asrec to conaidi-r such desiguut.on and decision as tinal 
 and conclucivtf. And in the event of ilie said two Commissioners 
 ditlerino-, or both or cither of them rehunnir, dcchr.ing, or wil uhy 
 nmiVin'-toact, such reports, declarations, or staleuients, fnall tx; 
 made bv them, or cither of them, and ^ueh rcicreuce lo a {r.endly 
 .,ovenMgn or slate shall be made, in all vesivjcts as m uic latter 
 part of the fourth article is contaiued, and m as iUii a nianiAr as u 
 t.hc same was herein repeated. 
 
 ARTICLE Vn. 
 
 h is further agretxi; .hat the said two last ttiCntloncd Commis- 
 sioners after they shall have executed tlv- duties a.<?iL';ned to th-zi 
 ,r the preceding article, shall he, ami they are hereby autnoT-..ea 
 mon their o-.ths, imparrially to fix and d-tcrnnnc, atcorclmg to t ., c 
 t-'ue intent of the said Treaty of Peace ot I7S.3, liiat part oi i?.-j 
 boundary between tiie dominions of the two Pow( i^ which cxtenus 
 from tlie water communi^^ation between Ln!:c Huron ana ..u..e «u- 
 oerior to tl:^ most north vci-ern point oi the Lake oi tne Vvoods ; 
 tU dec-dc to whicli of the two rarlie. the Lcverd Ishuda lying in thf' 
 
 . (J , . lakc^i 
 
f 'j^asi^- (ffi d 
 
 10 
 
 l.ikos Water coninmnioationfe and rivers (brminn, tlic i^did boundary, do 
 Tospcctivolv belong, in conformity with the true mtcnt of the sai.l 
 Treaty of Peace of 1783, and to cause such parts of the said boundary 
 a^ require it, to be surveyed and marked. The said commissioners 
 shall by a report or declaration, under their hands and seals, designate 
 the houudary aforesaid, state their decision on the points thus re- 
 ferred to them, and particularize the latitude and longitude of t!v« 
 i-ns^ north-uxvstern point of the lake, of the woods, and of such 
 oth- parte, of the said boundary as they may deem proper. And 
 \)oM7parties a-rec to consid^rsuchdesignationand decision as final and 
 
 conclusive. And in the event of the said two Commissioners diftenng 
 or'both, or either of them, refusing, declining, or wilfully omitting 
 to act, such reports, declarations, or statements, jball be made by 
 them, or eitlier of them, and such reference to a ft'iendly sovereign 
 or .tate shall he made in all re.pects^as in the latter part ot the ^ 
 iuurtli article is contained, and in as full a manner as it the same 
 was herein repeated. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 The several boards of two Commissioners mentioned in the four 
 
 nieceduo- articles shall respectively have povser to appoint a secre- 
 
 arv anUo employ such surveyors or other persons as they shall 
 
 judge necessary. Duplicate, of all their respective reports, deelara- 
 
 'tions statements, aiid decisions, and of their accounts, and ot the 
 
 iomral of their proceedings, shall be delivered by theni to tlic agents 
 
 •^ Britanuic Maiest>^ and to the agents of the Lmit^d Stat.'. 
 
 .>vh"o m^^ be respectively appointed and authorized to manage the 
 
 huMness'on bi^half of their respect-.ve governments. 1 ho «aid Com- 
 
 n.i8sir>nerG shall be respectively paid in such inanner as shall be 
 
 ,;reed between the two contracting parties such agreement bc.ng 
 
 to be -ettled ut the time of the exchange ol the ratifications ot this 
 
 Ticaly. And all other expcnccs attending the said commissions 
 
 ,lr.ill he defrayed equally by tlic two parties. And m the c^se ot 
 
i'riS»iBwwffii^^*aK«iKi8SE5S»r:ra6a8fS-'^ 
 
 ■^^SEKP^SBSPf^MS^^-.^ 
 
 the said 
 )imdary 
 ssioncrs 
 esignatu 
 thus re- 
 c of th« 
 of such 
 '. Anct 
 'malavul 
 liftering 
 itnitting 
 nade by 
 )vereigii 
 t of the 
 lie same 
 
 the four 
 
 a secre- 
 
 ley shall 
 
 declani^ 
 
 d of the 
 
 iC; agents 
 
 ?d 8tati'S 
 
 nage the 
 
 ,id C om- 
 
 shall be 
 
 nt being 
 
 IS of this 
 
 missions 
 
 e case of 
 
 dcath.^ 
 
 11 
 
 ileath. PiL'kness, rcplgnatibn, or nooes^aiy absence, t lie place of every 
 such' Commissioner respectively, rhall be suppliecl in the same man- 
 ner as such Commissioner was first appointed, and the new Com- 
 missioner shall take the saine oath or alfirmation, and do the same 
 duties. 
 
 It is further agreed between the two contracting parties, that in 
 case any of the islands mentioned in any of the preceding articles 
 wl)ich were in the posses:>ion of one of the parties prior to the com- 
 Hiencement of the prese^it war between the two countries, should, 
 by the decision of any of the boards of Commissioners aforesaid, or 
 of the sovereign or state so referred to as in the four next precedin<j 
 articles contained, fall vvitliin the dominions of the other party, ail 
 grants of land inade previous to the commencement of the war by- 
 the party having had such possession, shall be as valid as if sucli 
 ialand or islands, had by such decision or decisions, been adjudged to 
 be within the dominions of the party having had such possession, 
 
 AUTICLE IX, 
 
 The United States of America engage to put an end, immediately 
 after the ratification of the present Treaty, to hostilities with all the 
 tribes or nations of Indians with whom they may b^ at war at the 
 time of such ratification, and forthwith to restore to such tribes or 
 nations respectively, all the possessions, rights and privileges whicii 
 they may have enjoyed, or been entitled to in 1811, previous to 
 such hostilities. Provided always, that such tribes or nations shall 
 agree to desist from all hostilities agaiuj;t the United States of 
 America, their citizens and subjects, upon the ratiticatloa of the 
 present Treaty being nQtified to such tribes or nations, and shall so 
 tjesist accordingly, 
 
 And His Britannic Majesty engages on His part, to put an end 
 
 immediately after the ratification of the present Treaty, to hostilities 
 
 with all the tribes or nations of Indians with whom he may be at 
 
 \yav u( the tim"cf -r-^.ch ratincalion, v.nd fcrthwiih lo re:. tore to such 
 
 ' ■ trihesi 
 
a 
 
 triW«or nr.<tions rcsj)cctivclyj a!i the possessions, ri^',hts, and privi- 
 i.-ges, vvhkii the}' mjY have cn]o3'^ed or been cnliiled to in 1811, 
 ,.>rov:ous to ea.^h lio.itilitior., Piovided alv-ayc, that such tribes or. 
 r»?.t:o:"-3 shall agree to desifrLilom till hostilities against His Britannio 
 ^Ia■2Dty and his ^>ubjcct.i, v;pon the ratification of the present Treaty 
 biir.gr^otiiied to such tribes or nations, and ehailso desist accordingly. 
 
 ARTICLE 
 
 les 
 e 
 
 Whicrca;- the iroffxc in slaves h irrcconci^.ab'e vv'.tr; the principle? 
 <}^ hamanity ?nd justice, y.^id v.horeai:: be';-. K'r. Afa^csty and tin 
 ^V: -'.cd Stales arc desirous of continuing their eubrlu to prom:tc it's 
 • n'° abolition, it is hrrebv agreed ^I';it both izi'c ccntx'aetingri-t'o^ 
 >'.:jA iii'i llicir best endeavours to i''- :orpplich t;3 ..l'^ Jrab!c an c Vect. 
 
 .ARTICLE XL " 
 
 'r';i'.3 TiTi^vy, ^vhcri (be 5;-nnc ^h.-U ha'-'i b'^^cn ^.^"''•■fl ( \ bofcli 
 
 •';:j :7:i,hont atterniion by rlHirr of lb<M..oi\t::3:J-nf? IV^ief, and 
 
 ! ~v;) .'atiRcattons nuitiially e\« luinied, t'la'l h^3 bir.tt* •p" 0:11 both par- 
 
 t CG, and the ratiiicalicno shall b»- e2:charj:;>!d at Y/anh^n^icu, in the 
 
 ,.,)::rQ of four months [com this di'.",', o. ::co:icr if pr-.v'*lcablc, 
 
 * In faith whereof, v.c '.he re^p^j.livc >"lcnito*::r:t:j. lee have signed 
 
 -I'lis Treaty, and have hereunto afli.'scd our acc'h. 
 
 .Done in t.;ipli:-;a i.e b'. f-;''.cnt_, tb.c ty.'<::r-ty--fui:rt'h rlav of Di^cmber^ 
 nuij tlioutaii:! I'rht huiidrcd and fi^urt'^cn. 
 
 rL is.) 
 
 (L.a) 
 
 (Jv. s.) 
 
 (L. S.) 
 (L. S.) 
 
 GAI^IBTEB.. 
 
 H.GOULBURN. ' -' ' 
 
 WAL ABAMa. 
 
 JOHN QUINCEY ADAM8„ 
 
 J. A, BAYARD. 
 
 H. CLAY. 
 
 JON. RUSSELL. 
 
 ALBERT GALLATIN. 
 
K