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KKSnul'TKlN 0|- VOIITII AMKUK-A H a (iKM'.IIAI, lli;S('HII-noN OK 'iiii: r\ri'i;i» s'I'\ti;S; 'nil'. i»i;(r,AitATii»\ ;\r, IKIC.NDARIF.S and NAIIRAI. rHiPDHCTIONS IIK KACII STAI'K; TMK HKAniN(i AND DISTANCE OK KKM,UtkAIILJ; I'l^tKS KRd.M KACll (IIIIFK AND UK KAt H KliiiM IHK ( ii y ot VVAblll.SOni.N, WMII IIIK I'Di'lLATION ACConOlNU Tl) THK ( KNM'S UK IsTO. 'H CONTAINING t; I.IK i:\VISI'; MANV TAUI.nS RKLA't'lNO TO THE CuMMEUCE, POPULATION, REVENUE, DEliT, AM) \ AIUUL'S INSTITUTIONS OF THE ITNITEI) KPATES. COMPIIiED FROIVI THE MOST RECENT AND AUTHENTIC SOURCES. BY BISHOP DAVENPORT. UaltCmorr : runi.isiiKD Hv (jIkorue mdovvkll & son. pRt»vioi;.M'K: fll'TCHKNS & SllKI VKD. lSli2. t I Entered according to the act of congress, in the yccr 18.12, by George M'Dowell & George IT. M'Dowell, in the clerk's office of t}ic district court of Maryland. STEREOTYPED BY J. HOWE. PREFACE. orgR rtof That a good Gazetteer of North America is mncli needed at the present time, will, it is i)resumed, not be denied. But whetiier this volume answers to that description, must remain for an enhghtened pubhc to decide. Tlic compiler has aimed to collect such a mass of geographical and other information, in regard to North America, as will not only render the book useful in families and to individuals as one of reference, but such as may likewise be of utility to the higher classes in schools. The work, it is presumed, will be found to be much more full in regard to the United States, than any gazetteer extant. Par- ticular care has been taken to give a full accoimt of the literary re- sources of the United States ; and the accounts of the various colleges and seminaries of learning will be found to be much more full than those in gazetteers in general. In the compilation of this volume, the following works have been largely consulted, and numerous extracts, with slight alterations, taken : viz. Malte Brun's Geography, Morse's and Worcester's ge- ograpical works. Darby's Universal Gazetteer, Flint's Geography, Na- tional Calendar for 1831 and 1832, American Almanac for 1831 and 183'2, Niles's Weekly Register, American Constitutions, American En- cyclopedia, and the various state registers. In addition to the above, the compiler has obtained information from a great variety of sources, too numerous to be specified. Particular care has been taken to have the information made use of in this work, the most recent and authen- tic that could be obtained. The names of the different persons from whose works extracts have been made, are not annexed to those ex- tracts, because in some instances the phraseology has been altered ; and in that case it might be considered an act of injustice, as it would ascribe to the individual named that which is not his own, and for which he should not be answerable. With this brief notice the work is submitted to the inspection of an intelligent j)ublic. BISHOP DAVENPORT. Wilmington, Del. Srplrmher \st, 1833. AmvnKvivrioNs :mai)k isk ok in riiis >v(»ijk l>or. I?. Srji|H.rt town. nit. Mountain. .s«|. nis S(|iian' iiiiios. M [\ i:.\rL.\N.\TORY NOTE. When tliP |inpnIntion is oxprossfd witlinnt a date, it is for l**nO. In the si.\ .\('\v Knoiand states, and also in the state ot" New Vork, New .lersey, I'ciinsylvania. and < >hio, the counties are subdivided into toinisliips, and in Del.-iware. into hundreds; but in the rest ut" the states no such snlxlivision as that of townshi|> is known. In the New Hn^Iand states these townshi])s are roniinonly .styled loinis. Tliey dift'er considerably in size; vvrislii|>. l1(>S. • Jersey, 'eliiwurc. Vllsllip JM I V •li" ■ . TIloy II ro. in .••uisiana ' IlllllOSt of New take (lit! ■«)iitli dt" ction fit" -■^ • 1 ■y- -SfA.'Cb ^-^ -*K '-916!^. w ll III ill- p --_J^^^^ <:.\ ^ tm m 'HShb ^H 1 ^^^ "* ^ n o u <^& IP Long. West i lo from Lbmob k:. I i t V •i :^^^m^ • i NORTH AMERICA (IKNI'.llAL DiiscuirrioN. I'.xtchl 4 North Amkhuvv cxtendM from the IstlimiiM of Daricn, N. lat. ^ tn till' iifmi>>i kiniwii n'giiiiis y\'i iIk* ikmmIi, and .s|iii!i(ls frum Mdi- rin^'s Striiils lo tliose of Hcllislc, or riitlicr, to cmliruci! ( Incnl.iml. Its lnratllli is vrry incj^nilar, not i'X«'c<'(liiili miles. North America is traversed hv two jfreat chains, and several minor .. ran;z<'s of mountams. 1 lie Apprilachian or Alleirliany mountams, rxfend through the United States from NM. to S\V. from the state ol" New York to (l(!orl" from l,i3(H) to 2,000 lict. Tlie extent of the Masserne (diain, is not very accurately known, bnt must exceed 000 miles; its mean heiif lit can- not, in the present state of jjeo;irapliical knowledtfe, he estimated with any ap- proximate degree of accuracy. The ifreat spine of North America, is theC-'hip- pewan, llocky, or as it is t( rmed in ^h'xico, that of Anahuac. This immensi; chain nacluvs from th(! peninsula of 'I'ehuantepec, N. lat. 10"', to the l-'rozen Ocean at N. lat. OH-^, or ihroujih upwards of ^O deirriHs of latitude; encirclin<^ nearly one-seventh part of the trlohe. In neither the A|>pala(hian, or Masserne chains, nor in any of their nei^hhorinu groups, have any active or extinct vol- canoes betm discovered; hut in the southern part of the ^reat central chain, an immense ranijcof volcanof-s or volcanic summits rise; to Irom 10,000 to 17,700 (("Ct. It is generally supposed that the mountains of tlu^ isthmus of Darien, are continuations of the chain of Anahua<" ; hut there is stroni;; reason to helieve, that the H^rmer are distinct and unconnected with the latter. A nan\e|ess range skirts along the I'acilic ( )cean, which, from the detective surveys yet taken, cannot \^\ very ilistinctly delinc^ati^d. That part of North America west of the ('hippewan mmmtains, and Ufirth of Colorado river, except the central parts of the valley of Columbia, remains cither imperleclly or entirely uidxiiown. North America has tive great systems of riv(>rs ; that of the At- lantic Ocean ; that of tht; (ni!f of M(>xico ; that of the Fro/runswick, and St. Law- rence. In the system of Hudson's Ray are included, besides many streams of lesser note, Rupert's, Albany, Severn, and Sashasshawin rivers. Into the North- ern Ocean, M'Kenzie's river is the only stream of considerable magnitude yet known, to enter from the continent of North America. The rivers of the cen- tral valley of North America, are dischargfHl into the (lulf of Mexico, amongst which the Mississippi presents its overwhelming flood; bnt In'sides that vast river, the Appalachicola, iVIohile, Colorado of the (lulf of Mexico, Rio Grande del Norte, and several others, are streams of gn>at magnilu(le. The Santiago, Hiaijui, the Colorailo of the gulf of Calhbrnia, and llit Cohnnbia, are the only l^. it Divisions. iBlands. Inhabitants. Indians. « (iKNKRAL DESCRIPTION OF rxtciisivf rivers, ilir cuur.scis of which urc correctly known, which enter the I'jicilic Ocean from the continent of North America. North Anic^rica comprise." tlnvi; j^reat divisions ; 1st, British Amer- ica, in the north; l;i(l, the i'iii'tcd States, in the middle; and 9d, Mexico and Ciuatimala, or Central America, in the south: in addition to these, Greenland, in the north-east, belongs to JJenmark ; and there are Russian jx)s- scssions in the north-we.st. The most imi)ortant islands are Newfoundland, Cape Breton, St. J<»hn's, Rhode Island, Long Lsland, and the Bermudas, on the east- ern coast; tiuecn Charlotte's Island, (Juadra and Vanc western coa.:;t. nnys, niiifs, 'i'l'<^' 'ive largest Bays, or Cudls, are Baffin's and Hudson's bays; una Lukes. n,i(i the gulfs of St. Lawrence, Mexico, and California. The Lakes of North America are the largest collections of fresh water in th ' world. Some of the prin('i|)al ones are lakes Siipirior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Win- nipeg, Athapescow, Slave Lalu-, and lireat Bear Lake. The larg(;st of the.so great lakes is lake Suiu-rior, which is 490 miles in length, and is as much af- fected by storms as the ocean. It is remarkable for the transparency of its waters, and abounds in lisli. The Pictured Rocks, on the south side of lake Superior, are a range of '^rccipitous clifls, rising to the height of liOO feet, and are regarded as a great curiosity. The inhabitants may l)e divided into three classes — WhikSy Ne- groes, and Indians. The whites are descendants of Europeans, who have migrated to America since its discovery. The negroes are mostly held in slavery, and are descendants of Africans fwced from their native country. Tlic Indians arc the aborigines of the country, and generally savage. Tlu^y arc of a copper complexion, fierce aspect, tall, straight, athletic, and cnjKiblc of enduring great fatigue. They are hospitable and generous, faitliliil in their frii'ndsliip, but implacable in their resentments. Their common occupations are hunting, tishing, and war. At the time of the discovery of America, the natives, in some parts, particularly in Mexico and Peru, were considerably advanced in civilization. For the mo.st part, thsy con- tinue a distinct people, and retain their savage customs; but in some instances they have mingled with the white population. In North America, they possess almost all the country, except the southern and easttTU parts ; that is, the north- ern part of Mexico), most of the territory of the United States which lies west of the Mississippi, and nearly all the vast regions which lie north of the United States' territory, and west of the St. Lawrence. Customs '^'i*' I't'llo^^'iiii!: account is mostly ii\\\C\\ from the American Ency- anii Dispo- clopcdia : — When the Europeans tirst arrived in America, they N. Americaif found the Indians quite naked, except lho.se parts which even the Indians. mosX. uncultivatcu peo|)!e usually conceal. Since that time, however, they generally use a coarse blanket, which they buy of the neighboring planters. Their huts, or cabins, are made of stakes of wood driven into the ground, and covered with branches of trees or recxls. They lie on the floor, either on mats or the skins of wild beasts. Their dishes arc of timber ; but their spoons arc made of the skulls of wild oxen, and their knives of flint. A kettle and a large plate constitute almost the whole utensils of the family. Cartwright assures us, that in Labrador, he met with a family of na- tives who were living in a cavern hollowed out of the snow. This extraordi- nary habitation was seven feet high, ten or twelve in diameter, and was shaped like an oven. A large piece of ice served as a door. A lamp lighted the in- side, in which the inhabitants were lying on skins. At a short distance was a kitchen, likewise constructed of snow. They describe a circle on the frozen snow, and cutting it into segments with their knives, build it up with great reg- Huts, &c. '\,* * Lmer- d ;id, these, pos- King NORTH AMKRICA. 7 ularity, till the blocks of snow meet at llio top, iiiul constitute a jTraccful dome. Captain Parry says their huts are numerous in many parts of Melville Islands, in latitude 74^ N., and that ho saw many of Jie natives in the isl;mds of the Archipelago of Barrow's Straits, though their timidity prevented any int(>r- course. These polar men are little, squat, and feeble ; their complexion |)ar- lakes less of a copper hue, than of a reddish and dirty yellow. There is establisiiv-d m each society a certain species of govern- Form of rnent, which prevails over the whole continent of America, with ex- Goveniiiient. ceeding little variation ; because over the whole of this continent the manners and way of life are nearly similar and uniform. Without arts, riches, or lux- ury, the great instruments of subjection in polished societies, an American has no method by which he can render himself considerable among his coinpan- ions, but by superiority in personal qualities of body or mind. But, as nature has not been very lavish in her personal distinctions, where all enjoy the same education, all arc pretty much on an equality, and will desire to remain so. Liberty, therefore, is the prevailing passion of the Americans ; and their gov- ernment, under the influence of this sentiment, is, perhaps, better secured than by the wisest political regulations. They are very far, however, from despi- sing all sort of authority : they are attentive to the voice of wisdom, which ex- perience has conferred on the aged, and they enlist under the banners of the chief in whose valor and military address they have learned to repose a just and merited confidence. In every society, therefore, there is to be considered the power of the chiefs ar.vi of the elders. Among those tribes most engaged in war, the power of the chief is, naturally, predominant ; because the idea of having a military leader was the first source of his superiority, and the con- tinual exigencies of the strte requiring such a leader, will continue to support and even to enhance it. His power, however, is rather persuasive than coer- cive ; he is reverenced as a father, rather than feared as a monarch. He has no guards, no prisons, no oflicers of justice, and one act of ill-judged violence would pull him from his humble throne. The elders in the other form of gov- ernment, whicli may be considered as a mild and nominal aristocracy, have no more power. In most countries, therefore, age alone is sufficient for acquiring respect, influence, and authority. It is age which teaches experience, and ex- perience is the only source of knowledge among a savage people. Among the ditferent tribes, business is conducted with the utmost public As- simplicity, and which may recall, to those who are acquainted with sembiics. antiquity, a picture of the most early ages. The heads of families meet to- gether in a house or cabin appointed for the purpose. Here the business is dis- cussed ; and here those of the nation, distinguished for their eloquence or wis- dom, have an opportunity of displaying those talents. Their orators, like those of Homer, express themselves in a bold figurative style, stronger than refined, or rather softened, nations can well bear, and with gestures equally violent, but often extremely natural and expressive. When the business is over, and they happen to be well provided with food, they appoint a feast upon the occasion, of which almost the whole nation partakes. The feast is accompanied with a song, in which the real or fabulous exploits of their forefathers are celebrated. They have dances likewise, though, like those of ihe Greeks and Romans, they are chiefly of the military kind ; and their music and dancing accompany every feast. To assist their memory, they have belts of small shells, or beads WRmpum, of diflcrent colors, each representing a different object, v/hich is ""^ ^'-'"*- marked by their color and arrangement. At the conclusion of every subject on which they discourse, when they treat with a foreign state, they deliver one of those belts; for if this ceremony should be omitted, all that they have said passes for nothing. These belts are carefully deposited in each town, as the ^A •■'■ i i i I It ill.: I!! m li'? 8 (iENKRAL DESCRIPTION OF Tlicir W'uii). public records of tin' natiuii ; and fo tlicin lliey occasionally liavo rccor.rse, when any imlilic contest happens with a n<'ii:hlH)rini!; Irihe. ir we except huntinir and fishing, war is the principal employ- ment of the Indian men : ahnost every other concern, hut in partic- niar the little ajiricnllurc wlfich they enjoy, is consiirncd to llu- women. The most common motive of the Americans i()r entering 'n\\o war, when it iltx-s not airise from an acciilental rencounter or interlerence, is eilluir to revenge tliem- selves fi)r the death of some lost friend, or to accpiire prisoners, who nuiy assist them in their hunting, and whom they adopt into their society. These; wars arc; either undertaken by some private adventurers, or at the inslanct! ol' thi'. whole community. In the latter case, nil the young men who are disposed to go out to battle (for no one is ccjmpelled contrary to his inclination), give a bit of W(K)d to the chief, as a token of their design to accompany him ; lor every thing among tliese people is transacted with a great deal of ceremony and with many forms. The cliief, who is to conduct them, fiists several days, during buforf!<(tiiii(,' which tiiuo he converses with no one, and is particularly careliil to '""• observe his dreams ; which the |n'i'sum[»tion natural to savages gen- erally renders as favorable as he could desire*. A variety of other superstitions and cer(>monies are observed. One of the most hideous is setting the war kettle on the fire, as an endjlem tiiat they are going out to devour their enemies ; w Inch among these nations, it is j)rohable, was formerly the case, since they still cf»n- tinue to express it in clear terms, and use an emblem significant of tlu; ancient usage. Tlien, they dispatch a porcelain, or large shell, to their allies, inviting them to come along, and drink the blood of their enemies. They think tlijit those in their alliance must not only adopt their emnities, but that they must also have their resentments wound up to tlu; sanu; pilch with themselves: and indeed no peo|)le carry thi'ir friendships or their resentments so litr as they do. Having finished all the ceremoni(!s previous to the war, and the day a|)- pointed f()r tlieir setting out on the expedition being arrived, they take; leave of tlii-ir friends, and exchange their clothes, or whatever moval)les tlu^v have, in token of mutual friendship ; after which they proceed from the town, their wives and icmale relations walking Ijefore, and attending them to some distance. The warriors march all dressed in their finest ajjparel, and most showy orna- ments, witlunit any order. The; chief walks slowly belore thern, singing the war-song, while tlu; rest observe the most profound silence. When they conx! up to their women, they deliver them all thi-ir (in»>ry, and putting on their worst clothes, [jroeei'd on their expedition. UiiickiMssof The great qualities of an Indian war an; vigilance and attention, iheir sunsos. {q frjy,, ^^^^^\ avoid surjirise; and, indeed, in these they are superior to all nations in tin; world. A('customed to contiinial wandering in the |I)n'sl ; having their p«.'rc(;ptions shar|)ened by keen necessity, and living, in every re- sp(;ct, according to nature, their external senses have a degree of acuteness, which, at iirst vicnv, ajipears incredible. They can trace; out their enemies, at an immense distance, by tiic smoke of their fires, which they smell, and by the tracks of tlu'ir feet npon the ground, imperceptible* to an Kurf)pe'an eye*, hut which they can count, and elistingtiish, with the utmost tiicilify. It is saiel, tlie'y Clin even distinguish the elilfeirent nations with whom the-y are acfjuainteel, anel can determine the pre;cis(' time^ whe-n they j)asse;el, wlu're an luirope-an e'ould not, with all his glasses, distinguish fe)eitsteps at all. These circumstances, however, arc of less importance, because their savage enemies are equally well acquainted with them. ... , When ihey go out, therefe)re, they take care to avoiei making use ami rjrcum of any ihwvj. by which they might run the danger of a eliscovery. The;y lighte^d no lire's to warm tliemselve^s, or te» prepare; victuals : Kl»C<',IIOII 'US th ley lie close to the ground all day, anel travel only in the- night ; and march inu ^'"''^ NORTH AMERICA. • ^■■m along in files, he limt closes the rear, dilii^ently covers with leaves the tracks of his own feet, and of theirs who preceded him. When tliey halt to refresh theinselv(!s, scouts are sent out to reconuoitn^ the country, and beat up every place where they susj)cct an enemy to lie ctjucealcd. in this manner they enter, unawares, the villaijes of their foes ; and while the flower of the nation are en- gat^ed in liunting, massacre all the children, women, and helpless old men; or make prisoners of as many as they can manage, or have strength enough to be useful to their nation. But when the enemy is apprized of their design, and comes on in arms against them, they throw themselves flat on the ground amon .strength of the savages, days together. Then they frequently unbind him, to give a breathing to their fury, to think what new torments they shall indict, and to refresh the strength of the sullerer, who, wearied out with such a variety of unheard-of cruelties, often falls into such a profomid sleep, that they arc obliged to apply the fire to awake him, and renew his sufl'erings. lie is again liistened to the stake, and again thev renew their cruelty; they slick him all over with small matches of wood that easily take fin^, but burn slowly ; they continually run sharp reeds into all parts oi" his body ; they drag out his teeth with pincers, and thrust out his eyes ; and lastly, after having burned his flesh from the bones with slow fires; after having so mangled the body that it is all but one wound ; after havin"' mutilated his face in such n manntM' as to carry nothing human in it; after having peeled the skin from the head, and poured a heap of red-hot coals or boilin"- water upon the naked skull, they once more unbind the wretch ; who, blind, and staggering with pain and weakness, assaulted and pelted on every side with clubs and stones, now up, now down, falling into their fires at every step, runs hither and thither, until one of the chiefs, whether out of compassion, or weary of cruelty, puts an end to liis life with a club or dagger. The body is then put into a kettle, and this barbarous custom is succeeded by a feast as barbarous. The women are said to surpass even the men in this scene of hor- ror : while the principal persons of the country sit round the stake, smoking and looking on, without the least (^motion. Constancy of VVhat is the most extraordinary, the sufli'rer himself, in the little tbe Buiierers. intervals of his torments, smokes too, appears imconcerned, and con- verses with his torturers about indifferent matters. Indeed, during the whole time of his execution, there seems a contest whicli shall exceed, they in inflict- ing the most horrid pains, or he in enduring them with a firmness and con- stancy almost above human : not a groan, not a sigh, not a distortion of coun- tenance escapes him : he' possesses his mind entirely in the midst of his torments : he recounts his own exploits : he informs them what cruelties he has inflicted on their countrymen ; and threatens them with the revenge that will attend liis death ; and, though his reproaches exasperate them to a perfect madness of rage and fury, he continues liis insults even of their ignorance of the art of tormenting, pointing out himself more exquisite methods, and more sensible parts of the body to be afflicted. Nothing can exceed the warmth of their affection towards their friends, who consist of all those wJio live in the same village, or are in alliance with it. Their friendship principally appears by the treatment of their dead. Where any onf: of the society is cut ofl^, he is lamented by the whole : on this occasion a variety of ceremonies is practised, denoting the most lively sorrow. No business is transacted, however pressing, till all the pious Treatment ^^crcmonies duc to the dead are performed. The body is washed of their (If au anointed, and painted. TIk'U the women lament the loss with hideous bowlings, intermixed with songs which celebrate the great actions of the deceased and his anc(!stors. The men mourn also, though in a less extravagant manner. The whole village is present at the interment, and the corpse is habited in their most sumptuous ornaments. (Jlose to the body of the deceased are placed his bows and arrows, with whatever he valued most in his life, and a quantity of provision for his subsistence on the journey which he is 4 cutting, thus man- ring their thfy have an iron, oxtond- continues savages, g to their strength eruelties, le fire to take, and fches of rp reeds iriist out ith slow hI ; after lan in it ; hot coals h ; who, on every at every 1 passion, ^ho body feast as e of hor- smoking the little and con- ic whole n inflict- nd con- :>f coun- rmrnts ; inflicted fend Jiis ficss of ^ art of sensible Ls their or an; lent of by the e most J pious ashed i wifli ! great 1 in a id the of the in hiH he is NORTH AMERICA. 11 supposed to take. This solemnity, like ev(M'y other, is attended with feasting. The funeral Ix^ing ended, the nlations of the deceased confine themselves to their huts, for a considi-ruble time, to indulge their grief. After an interval of aonw. weeks, they visit the grave, repeat llicir sorrow, new-elothe the remains of the body, and et over again all the sujfmiiitif.'s of the funeral. To such extremes do tli(! Indians push their friendship or their enmity; and such indeed, in general, is the character of all strong and uncultivated minds. Religion is not the |)revailing character of Indians ; and except Their rcii- when they have some imimxliate occasion for the assistance ol' their fi'""' gods, th(!y pay them no stirt of worship. Like all other rude nations, however, they are strongly addicted to superstition. 'J'hey believe in the existence of a number of good and bad spirits, who interfere in the concerns of mortals, and produce all our haj)piness or misery. It is from the evil spirits, in particular, that our diseases, they imagine, proceed ; .and it is to the good spirits we are indebted for a cure. Such, in general, are the customs and manners of the Indian nation ; but almost every tribe has something peculiar to itself. The following statement as to their ptipulation in the United ■'''"'''■ P°P"" CI ■ n 1 . II •• t ■■> . lalion in the States IS from the American Almanac, 1831. u. s. Number nf Indians within the United States, as estimated by the War Department. Within Michigan Peninsula, - 9,340 ■Arkansas Territory, - - 7,200 Florida Territory, - - 4,000 North-west or lluron Ter. - 20,200 Between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, exclusive of the slates of Louisiana and Missouri, and Arkansas Territory, ■ - 94,000 Within the Rocky Mountains, 20,000 West of the Rocky Mountains between Lat. 44° and 49°, 80,000 Within New England and Virginia, 2,573 New York, 4,820 Pennsylvania, - 300 North Carolina 3,100 South Carolina - 300 Georgia .... 5,000 Tennessee, - 1,000 Alabama, 19,200 Mississippi, - 23,400 Louisiana, 939 Ohio, 1,877 Indiana, 4,050 Illinois, ■ 5,900 Missouri, 5,631 Total within the U. States, 313,130 The climate of North America is various ; that part lying north of latitude 50°, is a cold, barren, and desolate region. The paft ^'"""*'- between 30° and 50° is subject to extremes of heat and cold. South of latitude 30° the climate is warm, producing the principal tropical fruits in abundance. UNITED STATES GENERAL DESCHIPTION. The territory of the United States embraces the middle division of North America, extending from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific on the west. Its extreme length from the Pacific ocean to Passamaquoddy Bay, is 3,000 miles ; its greatest breadth, from the southern point boundariei, of Florida, to fhe Lake of the Woods, is estimated to be 1,700 miles. *"'■ On the north-east, a conventional line divides it from New Brunswick, extend- ing from Passamaquoddy Bay northward to the 48th parallel, embracing the head waters of the river St. John. From this extreme northern point, the boundary line passes along the ridge of mountains south-westward to the 45th parallel, and then along this parallel till it strikes the St. Lawrence, 120 miles "7», i.\ I t III I 12 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF below Lake Ontario. It then follows the river and chain of lakes, Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, and Suj)erior, proceeding from the last by the course of the river La Pluie, or Rainy Kiver, to the Lake of the Woods, from which it passes along the 4yth parallel to the Uocky Mountains. On the west of the mountains, the Americans have an imqtiestioned claim to the coimtry from the 4XJ(1 to the fjlih parallel. On the south, the L'nifed States are boimdcd by the Gulf of Mexico; and on the south-west, the boundary ex- tends from the mouth of the river Sabine, in a north-west direction, to a point in the Rocky Mountains, in north latitude 42^, and west longitude 1U8", from which it passes along the 42d parallel to the Pacific ocean. ^ Two great chains of mountains traverse the territory of the United States, in a direction approaching to south and north : the Allegha- ny on the east, and the. Rocky Mountains on the west. They divide the country into an eastern, a western, and a middle division, the latter comprising the great basin or valley of the Mississippi. For a jnirticular description of the mountains, see the article Alleghany, &c. Lakes and The two largest lakes wholly within the United States are Michigan riveri. f^^^ Champlain. Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, lie one half in this country, and one half in Upp<'r Canada. The United States contain many large and navigable rivers ; some of the principal of which arc the Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Potomac, James, Savannah, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Red River, and the Oregon or Columbia. A particular description of the lakes and rivers will be found under their respective heads. The climate of the United States is remarkably inconstant and variable. It passes rapidly from the frosts of Norway to the scorch- ing heats of Africa, and from the iiumidity of Holland to the drought of Cas- tile. A change of 20 or 25 degrees of Fahrenheit, in one day, is not consid- ered extraordinary. Even the Indians complain of the sudden variations of temperature. In sweeping over a vast frozen surface, the north-west wind ac- quires an ejrtreme degree of cold and dryness, and operates very injuriously on the human frame. The south-easi, on the other hand, produces on the At- lantic coast effects similar to those of the sirocco. The south-west has th« same influence in the plains to the east of the Alleghanies : when it blows, the heat frequently becomes painful and suffocating. In the mountains, however, where the summer heat is moderate, even in the southern states, the fresh and blooming complexion of young persons, is a proof of the purity and salubrity of the atmosphere. The same ruddy complexion prevails in New England and in the interior of Pennsylvania ; but the pale countenances of the inhabitants of all the low country, from New York to Florida, reminds a stranger of the Creoles in the West India Islands. In this region malignant fevers are pi-eva- lent in September and October. The countries situated to the west of the Allegha- nies are in general more temperate and healthful. .The south-west wind there brings rain, while the same effect is produced on the other side of the moun- tains by the north-east wind. But the north-east wind, which covers the At- lantic coast with thick fogs, is dry and elastic on the banks of the Ohio. When we compare the climate on the opposite sides of the Atlantic, we find that the extremes of temperature are greater, and that the winter's cold is more severe on the west side than on the east. The mean temperature of the year, accord- ing to Humboldt, is 9 degrees (Fahr.) lower at Philadelphia than in the corre- sponding latitudes on the coast of Europe. The mouth of the Delaware is gen- erally shut by ice for six or eight weeks, and that of the St. Lawrence for five months in the year. Throughout the United States, the rains are sudden and heavy, and the dews extremely copious. Storms of thunder and lightning are AlftO much more common and formidable than in Europe. 'I ■ * (ho THE UNITED STATES. 13 A general Land Office exists ut Washington, which is vested p„|,iip i,„nd9, exclusively with the power oC contracting with tlie Indians fi)r the ■"*'" "'• sale of their lands. The hnsiness of the Land Odice is the survey and sale of the puhlic l.inijs. Thi'se lands are purchased of the Indians by treaty witli the government of iIk! United Stales. Privates individuals are not allowed to have any transactions ol' this description with the natives; and the jaw has lx;en rigorously observed. Sub Land Olfices arc established at the follow- ing places: — Oliio, Steubenville, Marietta, Cincinnati, Uhillicothc, Zanesville, Wooster, I'iqua, Tiffin. Indiana, JelU'rsonville, Vincennes, Indianapolis, (Jraw- fordsville, Fort Wayne. lUiaois, Kaskaskia, Shawn(M;town, Kdwardsville, Vandidia, I'alestine, Springfield. Michigan Tcrritorij, Detroit, Monroe. Mis- aoiiri, St. Louis, I'ranklin, Cape Ciirardeau, Lexington, I'ahnyra. Arkansas Territory, IJatesville, Little Rock. Louimina, Ouachita, Opelousas, New Or- leans, St. Helena C. U. Mississippi, Washington, Augusta, Mount Salus. Al- abama, St. Stephens, Iluntsville, Tuscaloosa, Cahavvba, Sparta. Florida Ter- ritory, Tallal)asse, St. Augustine. The aggregate of all the unsold and unappropriated public lands of the Knifed States, surveyed and unsurveyed, on which the Indian title remains or has been extinguished, lying within, and without the boundaries of the new states and territories, according to a report made to congress in A\m\ 1832, is J, 090,871,753 acres. The lands are surveyed and set ofl' into townships of six miles square, each of which is divided into thirty-six sections, of one mile square, or 040 acres. The dividing lines run in the direction of the cardinal j)oints, crossing one another at right angles. One section, or one thirty-sixth part of every township, is allotted for the support of schools, and in the coun- try west of the All(!ghanies, seven entire townships have been given, in perpe- tuity, for the endowment of superior seminaries of learning. The lands are offered to public sale, in quarter sections, of 160 acres, at the minimum price of one and one fourth dollar per acre, and whatever remains unsold, may be purchased privately at this price. Formerly, the minimum price was two dol- lars per acre, payable in four years, by four instalments; but by act of con- gress, in 1821, it was fixed at one and one fourth dollar ready money. This new regulation was adopted to discourage the practice of speculating in land, and to lessen the litigation arising out of protracted payments. The title deed is printed on a small sheet of parchment, with the date ; the purchaser's name, and the topographical situation of the ground, are inserted in writing. It is subscribed by the president of the United States and the agent of the Land Office, and delivered without charge to the purchaser, who may transfer the property to another person by a process equally cheap and simple. In a country having so many varieties of soil and climate as the Agricultural United States, there is necessarily a considerable diversity in the Prodnciiong. agricultural productions. Maize, or Indian corn, is cultivated in all parts of the country, but succeeds best in the middle states. Wheat is also raised in all parts of the coimtry, but thrives best in the middle and western states. The cultivation of tobacco begins in Maryland and Virginia. Cotton grows as far north as 39°, but its cultivation is not profitable beyond the latitude of 37°. This useful plant was first raised for exportation only in 1791. It is now pro- duced in immense quantities from the river Roanoke to the Mississippi, and forms the leading export of the United States. The best grows upon dry situ- ations in Carolina and Georgia, on the sea-coast. The rice crops, which re- quire great heat, and a soil susceptible of irrigation, commence about the same parallel, and have nearly the same geographical range. The sugar cane grows in low and warm situations, as high as latitude 33°; but the climate favorable to its cultivation does not extend beyond 31 i°. Oats, rye, and barley, ai*e raised in all the northern arid middle states : in the western states wheat, hemp, I I P^ ■•(!;» If' ^ ii ill r"'= 14 (iKNKUAl. [)KSCRIPTION OF )ro(liicfi(ins. In adtlition to the above, buckwhcHt, peas, and flux arc the st!ip ,. beans, potatiM's, turnips, \<-. ; apples, pears, cliorries, pouches, grui)es, cur rants, gooselKTries, plums, &cc., are extensively eultivuted in various parts of the country. TablCf showimj the cstimaltd (ituintitics of different articles produced on an acre, in the principal parts of the United States. Explanations, g. c. good crop, c. c. common crop. AVEHAGE nUSHEL I'ER ACRE. • • • • 6 Indian corn. • r , is 3 CQ i CO • ■3 3 New England - I c. c. 11 Mo 15 40 20 45 .30 45 30 30 15 400 150 450 200 New York - - \ c. c. ;i2 10 12 40 14 45 25 45 25 35 16 300 90 350 100 Pennsylvania - ) c. c. .Mo 10 95 12 40 13 45 15 45 15 35 16 300 65 350 75 New .Jersey - - > c. c. 30 9 30 11 35 12 35 14 35 14 30 15 250 60 250 65 Delaware - - ' 1 g. c. l' c. c. .Mo 10 35 12 34 13 56 15 36 15 30 16 250 65 250 65 Virginia - - - S g- ^• \ c. c. .30 7 35 9 35 9 45 25 45 25 30 15 150 60 150 75 Carolina - - - Sg-c. ( c. c. 25 20 10 25 8 45 23 45 23 20 15 60 50 75 50 Western States ^g-c. \ c. c. 40 25 45 25 45 36 45 37 45 37 35 40 350 200 400 300 Louisiana - - g. c. 40 40 40 40 40 25 200 350 Minerals. I -'4. Gold is found extensively in the upper country of North Carolina, and in some few points in the adjacent parts of Virginia, South Car- olina, and in Georgia. It is found in alluvial deposits, and has been lately wrought to considerable extent. Some of the ores of iron are found in almost every state ; and mines of this metal are worked in New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. The United States are supplied with copper chiefly from Mexico and other foreign countries, but ores of this metal exist in most of the states, and in the north-west territory are said to be in great abundance, in situations easy of access. Lead is chiefly procured from Missouri, where for- ty-five mines are worked, fvnd yield three millions of pounds annually. Of coal there is a large field twenty miles long by ten broad, twelve miles from Richmond, which has been long worked. This useful mineral is also found at various places, in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania. But the most abundant supply is on the west side of the Alleghanies, where a coal formation, one of the largest in the world, extends, with some interruption, from the west- ern foot of the mountains across the Mississippi. Salt is chiefly obtained from the sea, or imported in the eastern states ; but salt springs abound in various parts of the United States, particularly in the valley of the Mississippi, from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains ; and in some situations on the western side of the valley, plains occur of many miles in circuit, which are periodically covered with a thick crust of salt. The salt springs, at Salina, in New York, are extensively worked, and vast quantities of salt are made from them annually. i ^ M THE UNITED STATES. lA The legislative power in the United Stutos is scpamlcd into two i,f.gi«iiitive branches, the state governments, and the federal government : the P<'wer. government is therefore two-fold. To the state gov(.rnnient.s is committed that branch which n-lates la the regulation of internal concerns. These bodies make and alter th(! laws which regard properly and private; rights, rtJf'ulate the police, appoint the judges and civil otliccrs, impose; taxes for state purposes, -incl exercise all other rights and powers not vested in the federal go- vernment by positive; enactment. To the federal government l)(;longs the pow- er of making peace and war with foreign nations, raising and supporting an army and navy, fixing the organization of the militia, imposing taxes for the common defence or benefit of the Union, borrowing money, coining money, and fixing the standard of weights and measures, establishing post oflices and post roads, granting patents for inventions, and exclusive copyrights to authors, regulating commerce with forr'ign nations, establishing uniform bankrupt laws, and a unilbrm rule of naturalization, and lastly, the federal tribunals judge of felonies and piracies committed on the high seas, of oflences against the law I of nations, and of questions between the citizens of difFerent states. '\ No country in the world enjoys a more free and equitable system of govern- M ment. All power originates with the people, who arc governed by laws which ,j^ are enacted by men of their own choice. *" The Constitution secures to the citizens the grand principles of freedom, hbcrty of conscience in matters of religion, liberty of the press, trial by jury, and the right of choosing and being chosen to ottice. The executive power, which is thc^ power that administers the government, is vested in a pa^sident, wiio, togetlier with the vice president, is chosen for four years by electors from all the states. The principal subordinate officers, in the executive department, are the secretaries of state, of the "treasury, of war, and of the navy. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and ,. navy, and of the militia when in active service. He grants reprieves and par- adons for offences against the United States, excejjt in cases of impeachment. With the advice and consent of the senate, he makes treaties, nominates am- bassadors, consuls, judges : and he appoints several other officers by liis own authority. He must be a native born citizen, and not under thirty-five years 'y, of age. For a more full account of the power and duties of the president, the quali- fications necessary for senators and representatives in congress, see Constitu- tion of the United States. Senators and representatives in Congress receive an allowance of eight dol- lars per day for the time they attend the session of congress, and eight dollars of travelling charges, for every twenty miles they have to travel in going and returning. Members of congress take an oath to support the constitution, but no religious tejst is required from them, or any person holding office under the federal government. Senators and representatives vacate their places, if they accept of an office under the federal government, and are not re-eligible while they hold it. The forms of beisiness in congress arc chiefly borrowed from those |! of the British parliament. Bills are read three times, and in a certain stage sent f to committees ; but what is deemed a great improvement in congress, there are a large number of committees appointed in the House of Representatives, «at the commencement of each session, viz. for commerce, finance, foreign affairs, &c. The federal judiciary consists of a supreme court, which sits at Washington, and a district court in each state, in which one judge " "^'"'^ sits. * In the supreme court, there is a chief judge and six associate judges, who hold their office during good behavior. This court has original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambassadors and consuls, and those in which a state is a m 16 (JKNKRAL DESCRIPTIOiN UK party. It has apjullate jiuisilirtidii in nil cases arisinj,' iindrr tliu (((jcml con- btitutiou, in all admiralty cases, in controversies Ix'tween two states, or two citizens of dillerenl stales, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states or suhjects. TIk; supreme court, derivinj^ its power from the constitution, exorcises a power not cnjoved by the inferior courts. The tederaj judges are appointed hy the executive, with the approbation of the senate. In this and other federal courts, jurors and witness(\s are allowed one dollar twenty-five cents per day, and fiv(! <'ents a mile for travelling ex|H'nses. BtatcRovern- The state governments are extn-mely similar to that of the fede- uiunx. ,.j,| i,^ (Jici,. c, imposition. 'I'he legislature consists always ctf two branches, l)oth of which are returned by the same ek'clors ; and these electors may be said to comprise the whole adult white population; the usual qualifica- tions Ix'ing citizenship, with one or two years' residence, and payment of taxes. The onlv exceptions are th(! folh)wing: — In Vermont, (he h'gislaturo consists of u House of Kepresentatives only ; in North ('arolina, representatives are cliosen by the wholes resident free citizens who pay taxes, but senators only by freeholders ; in New Jersey and Virginia, the right of suffrage for both houses is limited to persons holding a small amount of landed property ; in Maryland, the senators are chosen by delcgjiles named for the purpose by the fK'OpIl'. In all the states, the period for which the representatives serve is either one or /tro years. The elections nro birnnial in Delaware, South ('arolina, Ten- nessee, Louisiana, Illinois, and Missouri ; and annual in the other eighteen states. The shortest period for which the sentitors serve in any state is one year, and the longest /i'/v. In Maine, New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connocticuf, New-Jersey, North Carolina, CJeorgia, the senators hold their office for one year only ; in Ohio anil Tennessee for two years ; Mississippi, Alabama, Indiana, for three years; in New-York, IVimsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Kentucky, Louisiana, Illinois, Missouri, for four years; and in Maryland inrfce years. Exc(>pt in Maryland, when the senate of any state serves f()r more than one year, it is renewed by parts or divisions, one-third of the members going out annually when they serve for three years, and one-fourth when they serve lot four. In some; cases, however, when the senators serve for four years, the renewal is by halves every two years. ReiiKious ^'^ Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Tennessee, a belief in a Deity, quaiirtcatinns and in a futin-e state of rewards and punishments; and in Massachu- "'** '^*''' setts, Maryland, and North Cai-olina, a belief in the Christian reli- gion, is required as a qualification for office. In New-Jersey no protestant can be excluded. In the other states no religious test is required. Such is a brief sketch of the political system of the United States. " It has survived the tender period of infancy, jmd outlived the prophecies of its down- fall. It has borne the nation triumphantly through a period of domestic diffi- culty and external danger ; it has k'cn found serviceable in peace and in war, and may well claim from the nation it has saved and lionored, the votive bene- diction of esto yerpctua."' The expenses of the government are maintained without any direct taxes for its support; the produce of the customs levied at the ports on the importation of foreign goods, and the sums derived from the sale of the public lands, constitute the whole of the public revenue. The average produce of the customs may be estimated at from 16 to 18 mil- lions of dollars, and the sum derived from the sale of public lands at 1,600,000. The bank dividends consist of the interest of 7,000,800 dollars of capital, vested by the gm-crnmcnt in the national bank. The Post-office yields more than a million of dollars a year ; but Revenue. I ^ '.m Post office. # it is almost wholly consumed in supporting the establishment. ,Jk. 'I'llK UNITHI) STATES. 17 RATES OF 1»()STA(JK. For single Letters^ composed of one piecu of paper, ^ No. of Milc'H. CenM. ;| Any disfMiiro not cxct'oding • • • • 3U • • 6 ( )vrr MO, nnd nof cxccHjding - • - . 80 - • -10 Over HO, do 150 • . 12i VNet 150, do 400 - - . isj Over 400, 25 Double Letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, are charged with double thosf! ratrs. Triple Letters, or those composed of three pieces of paper, are charged with fri|)lf' those rates. Quadruple Letters, or those composed of four pieces of paper, are charged wifli quadruple those rates. All Letters, weiifhing one ounce avoirdupois, or more, are charged at the rate of single postages for each quarter of an ounce, or (juadruplg postage for each ounce, according to their weight; and no letter can b(! charged with inoro than quadruple postage, unless its weight exceeds one ounce avoirdupois. Newspaper Postage. For each newspaper, not carried out of the state in which it is published; or if carried out of the state, but not carried over 100 miles, 1 cent. Over 100 miles, and out of the srtatc in which it is published, Ij cents. Magazines and Pamphlets. If published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, 1^ cts. per sheet. Ditto do. over 100 miles, - - - - 2^ do. ■' If not published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, 4 do. nilt(» do. over 100 miles 6 do. Siuall pamphlets, containing not more than a half sheet royal, are charged with half thos(i rates. Eight pages quarto are rated as one sheet, and ail other sizes in the same proportion. The number of sheets which it contains, must be printed or written on one of the outer pag<'s of every pamphlet or magazine sent by mail. Every thing not coming under the denomination of newspapers or pamphlets, is charged with letter postage. 75; Extent of Post-roads in miles 1,876, 003; Do. do. do. 20,817. y,300; Do. do. do. 36,406. 4,500; Do. do. do. 72,492. 8,450; Do. do. do. 115,176. IV.st-oflices in 1790, Do. do. 1800, Do. do. 1810, Do. do. 1820, Do. do. 1830, The debt of the United States consists of sums borrowed during the revolutionary war, and at various subsequent periods. The debt duo by the government at the close of the war in 1783, was 42,000,375 dollars ; but no proper provision IxMUg made for the payment of the interest, and the public revenue oO(m falling short of the expenditure, the debt con- tinued to increase, and in 1790 it amounted to 79,124,464 dollars. Various measures werc taken for its liquidation, but with little effect, till 1805. From tjint period a gradual reduction took place, till it was stopped by the war with England in 1812. In 1812 the amount of the public debt was 45,035,123 dollars, but in consequence of the loans made during the war, it amounted in 1816 to 123,016,375 dollars. Considerable progress has since been made in paving oft* the debt, and on the 1st of January 1832 it was reduced to $24,322,235 19. rii. '^ >r ^ ( 'III 19 (iKNKKAf, I)i:«(KII'TI()N OK KI'MIUll lll'.liT. Tlirr«» |M'r c»nf slink, revolutionary debt, (date, 4lh August, 179(1,) ntli-etnablc at tin- |)leasun- of tin' poveriunent. Five p<'r cent, stuck, (Md March, IH21,) rrdceniable nllcr Junmiry 1, 1>^M"», .... $J,7:J5,20(J HO Do. exchanged, (2(ltli April, 1H22,) redeem- able 1891, 18;J2, and IHJJM, . - 50,701 77 «in,290,fl26 21 Four nnr General, 4 tiuarter Masters, 1 ('onmiissjiry Gene- rol of Subsistence, 2 Commissaries, 1 Surgeon General, 8 Surgeons, 45 Assist- ant Surgeons, 1 Payniaster lien/ ral, 14 I'aymastcrs, 1 (commissary (ieneral of Purchases, 1 Assistant Kngineer, 2 Military Storekeepers, 12 Colonels, 12 Lieutenant Colonels, 1!) Majors, 120 Captains, 148 First Lieutenants, 148 Second Lieutenants, 11 Sergeant Majors, 11 Quartermaster Sergeants, 354 Sergeonts, 424 Corporals, 14 Principal Musicians, 212 Musicians, 108 Artifi- cers, 50 Ordnance Men, 4452 Privates. — Aggregate, 0,188. The militia, which constitutes the principal military force of the United States, consists of all the males between the ages of 18 and 45. According to returns made mostly since 1830, it amounts to 1,262^15 men, viz. ^ £- Arkansas Florida District of Columbia Maine New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island Vermont New York - New Jersey Pennsylvania i Delaware Maryland - Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky 'Tennessee - 'Ohio {Louisiana - Indiana - Mississippi - Illinois - Alabama Mi--ouri Michigan #. 2 a> 3 a. s P' OD o CE tc 3 ^5 GDaD'XQDOfDijD'XGDaDaDaDfriaDaDar)aDOD'X!QDix(i''xaDQogt) tiM^^^^w^i^OlMCC45^5«050^lMl-'M^^M^^cce«scoc*5^i tCOOCCO;OOOOOMOOOOrf».ajCOO»**.0000«0 a> • 2,028 1,756 "b> OD "o "o* "^1 "o "oD 1-' "oD "oj "o "b« "^1 "o "i- »6. --» H- "os 05 ~a> ari "oi "^ "^ oo^o^5^^ooolfiDOO^•-'^X)OI»-'0'*»•-»►--o^ococ5rf»cc 3 = » - • o Maine New Hampshire rn S 2 M 3 o 1829 1830 D 41,136( 29,1491 5 ■• • o i Tilt: UNITKi) HTATKH, 10 Wlicii IIh' militia urc calltil info tin* firld Jin- .'ictiiMl scivitT, tliry linvi' tlio wuiio pay niiJ allowuucrs us Iht; rfgiiiar iinnv, Iml un'.tnily ImjuiiiJ tu fccrvc lor »i.x inoiitliK. Tht! navy ord'"' InitiMl Stat«s is small in pnirit f)f niimlx-rs, Imt is ^jcrliaps tin; \)t'^l oruani/oil and most rlll-ctivr in the world. Tin- ini- "*' r\|iri'l('d and astonisliiiiff siku" s.s of their fri^^afrs in condiats with Jlritish vos* sols of tilt* sanu' »l/(>s diirinji '• " '"^'' ^^■"'■» •'.slaltlislicd at oner the n'i)Htati(in of till' Amcric in navy iur skill and prowrss in the ryes of l-lMropc ; and llu; LInitcd Ntalrs, with a .'ryfew shi(»«», alr<'a<|y rank hi;i;li as a naval power. Kmni iHlti to IN'-M, one million of dolla/=? was expended amiiially in hiiilding ships of war. .Since 1^21 lln- sum thns appropriated has heeii reduced onu half. The sfrenjith ol'the American navy is as loijows in \<\\i. 7 ships of tlu! line, 7 frigates of the lirst rate, li of the second rate, 15 slei^ht acres, and cost $5,500. No. 2. The navy yard at Charlestown, Mass., is situated on the north side of Charles river, on a point of land east of the town of Charlestown, contains thirty-four acres, exclusive of extensive flats, and cost $39,214, in(;Iuding com- missions and charges. No. 8^ The navy yard at New.Y<">!'k, is situated on Long Island, opposite In the city of New York, on the Wallabout Bay, contains forty acres, including the mill-pond, and cost $40,000. No. 4. The navy yard at Pliiladelphia is situated on the west side of the river Delaware, within the District of Southwark, adjoining the city ol Phila- delphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, contains eleven acres, to low-water mark, and cost $37,000. No. 5. The navy yard at Washington, in the District of Columhia, is situated on the Eastern Branch of tiie river Potomac, contains thirty-seven acres, and cost $4,000. No. 6. The navy yard at Gosport is situated on the south hraneh of Eliza- beth river, adjoining the town of Portsmouth, in the state of Virginia, contains sixteen acres, and cost $12,000. No. 7. Pensacola, Florida. It was reserved for the lawgivers of the United States to make the bold experiment of dispensing with a state-religion. In New Hamp- shire the legislature is empowered to avthorlzc, and in Massachusetts the legis- lature is enjoined to require, the several towns and parishes to make adequate provision, at their own expense, for the support of Protestant ministers. The same was the case in Connecticut until 1818, when it was abolished by the new constitution. But in all the other twenty-two states, the support of religion is left entirely to the voluntary zeal of its professors. The result has shown that Christianity has a firm hold in the nature of man, and is rather injured than served by those costly establishments which so often abridge free inquiry and Rberty of conscience, engender fierce animosities among rival sects, per- petuate the errors and dogmas of unenlightened times, and degrade religion into an engine of civil tyranny, or the ally of ignorance? and imposture. In the large towns and populous places of New England, and the middle states, reli- gious instruction is more taithfiilly and abundantly dispensed, and religious ordi- nances are more strictly and universally observed, Uian in any other coentry in the world. In newly-settled districts, where a small |)opulafion is spread over a wide surface, the means of religious instruction are ot'fen deficient. 28 28 '>i THE UNITED SPATES. 21 The most numorous sects, arc Conjiireiintionulists, Presbyterians, Episcopali- ans, Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, Unitarians, and Quakers. Benevolent soeietirs, and reHgious institutions of every kind, are Benevolent far uiore numerous than in (Jreat Britain, in proportion to the popu- Societies, lation : the following is a list of the princijjai : BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. NAME. (Connecticut Miss. Soc. JMiiiadelphia Bible Soc. Am. Board I'^or. Miss. Am. Bap. Bd. For. Miss. Am. Tract Society, Bost. Am. Education Society, Am. Asy. Deaf and Dumb, American Bible Society, l^resby. Br. Am. Ed. Soc. Board Miss. Gen. Assem. Methodist Miss. Society, Board Edu. Gen. Assem. Am. Colonization Society, Dutch Ref. Miss. Society, Amiirican S. S. Union, Biiptist Gen. Tract Society, Prison Discipline Society, Mass. S. S. Union, American Tract Society, Am. Temperance Society, Am. Home Miss. Society, Am. Seamen's Friend Soc. Mass. Miss. Soc. rcorg. American Peace Society, African F^ducation Society, Presidents. For- ma. Hon. Jonathan Brace, Rt. Rov. Wm. White, d. d, John C. Smith, ll. d. Rev. Jesse Mercer, Hon. William Reed, Samuel Hubbard, ll. d. Hon. Natlianiel Terry, Col. Richard Varick, Arthur Tappan, Esq. A. Green, d. d. ll. d. Rev. Elijah Heading, Th. McAuley, d. d. Charles Carroll, Alexander Henry, Esq. Rev-Wm. T. Brantly, Hon. William Jay, Hon. William Reed, S. V. S. Wilder, Esq. Marcus Morton, ll. d. S. Van Rensselaer, ll. d. S. Thompson, ll. d. Leonard Woods, d. d. Rt Rev. Wm. Meade, d. d. 17!)8 1808 1810 1814 1814 1816 1816 1816 1817 1818 1819 1819 1819 1822 18-J4 1824 1825 1825 1825 1826 1826 1826 1827 1828 1830 Income, 1828-9. !«!2,070 33 7,724 41 102,000 16,061 13,896 30,4Ji4 2,;i41 00 90 18 18 55 143,184 33 8,000 00 14,176 11 19,561 93 4,470 71 18,527 5,256 3,531 1,018 00 76 00 80 60,000 00 26,997 31 1,214 38 5,247 32 JB48o,714 20 Income, 1829-30. , Mississippi, ^ 8,850 40,352 i 127;901 I 75,448 308,997 110,000 Louisiana, — 76,556 153,407 215,762 Tennessee, — 105,602 261,727 420,813 684,833 Kentucky, 73,677 220,959 406,511 564,317 688,844 Ohio, — 45,365 230,760 581,434 937,679 Indiana, " 4,651 24,520 147,178 341,582 Illinois, 215 12,282 55,211 157,575 Missouri, — . 19,783 66,586 140,192 Michigan Ter. — 551 4,762 8,896 31,698 Arkansas Ter. 1,062 14,273 30,383 Dis. of Columbia, 14,093 24,02;^ 33,039 39,858 Florida Territory, Total — — 34,723 3,929,326 5,309,758 1 7,239,903 9,638,166 12,850,240 REMAKK. The first complete census of the United States was taken in 1790. The population of the Thirteon State.s, at the time of the Declaration of Independ- ence, was not fur from 2,600,000. •■ v; I 24 GENEUAL DESCRIPTION OF TABLl-: II The Total Popvhitim and the Nvmhcr of Slatm in the Vnitcd States at different Periods^ with the respeetii'e Inerease. 1st Census, 1700, 'I'otal I'lip. 3,929,320 From Incrnnsn. Hate pr. ft. 2d do. 1800, 5,309,758 1790 to 1«00, 1,308,232 35.1 3d do. 1810, 7,239,903 1800 to 1810, 1,930,345 36.3 4th do. 1820, 9,«38,1{)G 1810 to 1820, 2,398,203 33.1 5th do. 1830, 12,850,240 1820 to 1830, 3,212,074 33.3 Slaves. 1st Census, 1790, 697,090 From 2d do. 1800, 890,849 1790 to 1800, 199,153 28.7 3d ' do. 1810, 1,191,364 1800 to 1810, 294,515 32.1 4th do. 1820, 1,538,036 1810 to 1820, 346,627 29.1 5th do. 1830, 1,88M,090 1820 to 1830, 350,654 22.8 TABLF. III.. The Population of the several States and Territories in 1830, the Number of Square Miles, the Population to a Square Mile, and the Number of Slaves in 1830. ^V I'opiilalioii. fipmrft Mill's. I'op. to Sij. Mile. s UV(*S. New York, 1,934,000 Va. 66,000 Mass. 81 Va. 363,637 Pennsylvania, 1,348,000 Mo. 63,000 U. L 75 S. C. 315,665 Virginia, 1,211,000 (leo. 61,000 Cf. 62 N.C. 246,462 Oliio, 938,000 111. 58,000 Md. 41 Geo. 217,470 Nortli Carolina, 738,000 Ala. 51,000 N. Y. 40 Ken. 165,350 Kentucky, 0S9,000 N. C. 50,000 N.J. 40 Ten. 142,382 Tennessee, 685,000 Mis. 48,000 Del. 36 Ala. 117,294 Massachusetts, 610,000 La. 48,000 Pa. 29 La. 109,631 South Carolina, 581,000 N. Y. 48,000 N. n. 28 Md. 102,878 Georgia, 517,000 Pa. 47,000 Vt. 27 Mis. 50,000 Maryland, 447,000 Ten. 43,000 Ohio, 24 Mo. 24,990 Maine, 399,000 Ohio, 39,000 s. c. 19 Del. 3,305 Indiana, 342,000 Ken. 38,000 Va. 18 N. J; 2,246 New Jersey, 321,000 Ind. 34,000 Ken. 18 111. 746 Alabama, 309,000 Me. 32,000 Ten. 16 Pa. 386 Connecticut, 298,000 S. C. 30,000 N. C. 15 N. Y. 46 Vermont, 281,000 Md. 11,000 Me. 12 Ct. S8 New Hampshire, 269,000 Vt. 10,200 Ind. 10 R. L 14 Louisiana, 216,000 N. n. 9,500 Geo. 8h Me. Illinois, 158,000 N.J. 8,000 Ala. . 6 N. II. Missouri, 140,000 Mass. 7,500 111. • 3 Vt. Mississippi, 110,000 Cl. 4,800 Mis. 2 Mass. Rhode Island, 97,000 Del. 2,100 Mo. • 2 Ohio, Delaware, 77,000 R.I. 1,300 . Ind. Dis. of Columb a, 40,000 Ar.T. 60,000 Flo. T ". 15,510 Florida Ten-. 35,000 I- lo. T . 55,000 D. C. 6,050 Michigan 'Per. 32,000 Mi. T. 38,000 Ar.T . 4,578 Arkansas Ter. 30,000 D. C. 100 Mich. T. 27 12,850,000 1 ,888,690 THE UNITED STATES. 25 4 TABLE IV. COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. Uutf pr. CI. 33.1 33.3 28.7 32.1 29.1 I 'J 10 II VA 14 ir> K r IH I'.) \2\ 22 2-A 2\ 20 2i; \h \2'J :)() i:n :u ;!;-) :i7 ;t8 :«• 10 ■II 12 i;) II If) ■ii' Ur lis r.i ;■)() .51 ;')2 ni .");') n'i :}H 59 Howdoin, \Viii(>rvillo, l)nrliii(iiitli, I'niv. of Vonnoiil, iMi(l(ll('l)iirv, Harvard L'liivert^ity, Williams, Aiiihcrst, IJriivva University, Yale, Washington, Wcsloyan Univ. (,'oliimbia, Union, Ilaniiltun, (Jcneva, Collogeof N. J. Iliilgtrs, Univ. of Ponnsyl. Dickinson, .Iclli'rson, Western University, WiiNliinston, AUetjIiany, Madison, St. Mitry's,'* Cniv. of Maryland, St. .John's, .Vfouni St. Mary's,* Cojiinihian, (leorirelovvn,* William and Mary, IFMmpden-Sydney, Wasliin'.;ti(n, Univ. of Viriiiiiia, Univ. of i\. Carolina Charleston, Cotle^'e of S. C. I'niv. of (ieoriiia, .Maliama University, .leHerson, F.oinsi:ina, (Irei'nville, I iiiv. of \ashvillc, K. Tennessee, 'i'ransylvania, Ceiilre, Vnjinsta, Cinidierlaiid, St. .Joseph's,* ( leor^eloun, Uiii\ . of Ohio, Miami University, Wesiern Reserve, Keliyon, l-'riiid\lin, Indiiinu, llhiiols, St. l,onis,* Brnnsvviek, Me. Watervill(>, do. llaiK.ver, IS. II. Hurlinttton, Vt. .Middlehnry, do. ('aMil)riilKe, Mass. Williamstown, do. .\ndierst, do. I'rovidenre, R. I. .\( .V Haven, Coini llarlfbrd, do. Middietown, do. New "N'ork. Seheneetady C'linton,. (Jencva, Prineeton, .\. Hrimswiek, do. Philadelphia, Peiin Carlisle, Canonslinrg, Pittshuru;, Washiimlon, Meadville, Union "^Pown, Paliimore, Do. .Annapolis. iN'ear Kmmittshjr. do Wasliinirion, Ca. (ieoriretov.n. Wiliiamslmrc, Prince Kd. Co UexioLrlon, Chariotlesville, do. Chapel Mill, N. C. Charleston, ,S. C. Colnmhia, do. .Athens. Gn. '{'nscidoosa, Ala. Washiniiton, Mi. .lacksori, T,a. (ireeriviiie, Tenn. \ashville, do. Knoxville, do. I.evniirion, Ken. Dsmville, do. Antrnsta, do. I'rinceton, do. Hardsiown, do. (!eor!:;<>town, do. Athens. Ohio. Oxford, do. Ilndson, do. (lainl)ier, do. i\(>\v .Athens, do. Hloominydale, Ind. .Jacksonville, II. St. I.onis, Mo. N. Y. do. do. do. N.J. do. do. do. do. do. do. Md. do. do. D. C. Va. do. do. KiMinJ. 7'.ll 820 770 7'.ll soo f.:iN 7'.i:) 821 7(')1 700 H-M 7;")! 7'.iri 81 82:{ 7l( 770 7;");') 78:t 802 820 800 81.') 82'.» 7'.t'.» 812 78) 8:iO 821 7'.".) r.'.t; K74 812 81'.) 7'.ll 785 801 78;-) 820 802 \ol>. ill (.■nil,.,.,. l.ihiiiry. 1,800 (•),()( iO l,0(;o 1,810 :i.'),ooo 2,r),')0 2,:^o 0,1 00 8,r)n(i 5,(H)0 8,0(K) fi.loO 2,'.»0() r)()o 8,0(X) 2,000 7CH) m) 8,000 10,0(M) 71)1 HOC) 7'.)S' S22 821! 82;') SI'.) 8:!0 802 821 S2ti S28 821 827 8:!() 82'.) 2.100 7,000 •1,(H)() 7.000 y.GOO 7(H) 8,0(H) 1. 800 :i,oo( 7.000 2,000 1,000 :),;"iOO 2,r)0o 310 2,:{.")() 1 ,2.')8 l,;')00 l.O(K) i,:i(X) 1.000 1,000 1,000 182 t;o(^ l.2(K) V„N ill Sliulnilii l.ltlMirirN CuniiiK>ni'i'niciit. 4,:foo coo 8,000 ;')00 2,H22 2,000 4.515 f),0()0 '.t,(M)0 1,200 f),000 8,4.'')0 :j,o()() 000 4,000 5,000 1,800 50 525 GOO l.iiOO 3,000 1,000 2,250 First Wednesday in Sept. Last \Vedn(>sday in Jnly Last Wed. bnt one in August. First Wednesday in August. 'I'liiril Wednesday in August. I.asi Wednesday in August. I'lrst Wednesday in Sept. Fourth W^ednesday in August, First Wednesday ni Sept. Third Wednesday in Aug. First Wednesday in August. First Tuesday in August Fourth Wednesday in July. Fourth Wednesday in August. First Wednesday m August. Ua.st Wednesday in Sept. Tliird Wednesday in August. Last day, not Sunday, in July. Fourth Wi'dnesday in Sept. Last Thursday in September. Last Friday in June. Last Thursday in September. First Wednesday in July. July 15th. Third Tuesday in July. Third Wednesday in July. Second Wednesday in Feb. Last week in June. Fourth Wednesday in Dec. Near the last of July. July 4th. Fourth W^ednesday in Sept. Third Wednesday in April. Fourth Thursday in June. Last Tuesday in October. 3d Mon. after 4th Mon. in Nov First W^ednesday in August. Third Wednesday in Dec. 750 211(1 ,.500 108 5:50 (.00 l.(K)0 1,200 10(1 50 Third Wednesday in Sept. First Wednesday in October. First Wednesday in October. Last Wednesday in Sept. July 4th. Thursday afler 1st Wed. Aug. Second Thursday in Sept. 1st of August. Wed. afier 3d Tuesday in Sept, Last Wednesday in Sept. Fourth Wednesday in August Fourth Wednesday in Sept. Last Wednesday in Sept. ■a Catholic Colleges: a lorge part of the students m these belong to the preparatory department u 26 f I GENERAL DESCIIIPTION OF TABLE V. Theological Seminaries. JVamo. Place. Hiuigor TJicol. Scin. - Tlieologiciil Seminary, Thcolopiciil Scliool, Tlicol. Institution, - - Tl.col. Dcp. Yale Col. - riicol. Ins. Epis. CIi, - Tlicol. Scm. of Auburn, Hamilton Lit. &, Tli. Li. Hartwick Seminary, • Til. Sem. Du. Itcf. Ch. Th. Scm. Pr. Ch. U. S. Scm. Luth. Ch. U. S. - German Reformed, Western Th. Seminary, Epis. Th. School, Va. - Union Th. Seminary, - Southern Th. Seminary, South- VVestrcn Th. Sem. Lane Seminary, - - Rock Spring, - - - Hanover, Uangor, Mc. - - Andover, Mass. Cambridge, do. - - Newton, do. - • New Haven, Con. - Now York, N. Y. - Auburn, do. Hamilton, do. Hartwick, do. N. JJrunswick, N. J. Princeton, do. (i!etty.sburg. Pa. - York, do. Alleghany T. do. - f'airia.x Co. Va. Pr.Ed.Co. do.- - Columbia, S. C. - Maryville, Ten. - Cincinnati, Ohio, - Rock Spring, II. - New Madison, In. - Com. roh. Denominnlion. n/irr in fit ion. Lib. 1,2(10 Cong. . . . ihk; Cong. - - - IHOH f.,0()0 Cong. Unit. 1H21 1,500 Haptist, - - - IH2.'') Cong. - - - 1H2:.' 8,000 Prot. Epis. - - iHlit :{,(i.''.o Presbyt. - - IH'JI .'^.WO Majjlist, - - - IH2() 1,300 fiUthcran, - - iMU; 1)00 DutdiRef.- - Presbyt. - - 1S12 f),00() Evaiiff. L. - - lH2(i (1,000 (J. Ref.Ch. - 1^2;-) .3,.'500 Presbyt. - - 1H28 Prot. Ei)iH. ■ - Presbyt. - - 1824 do. - - - 182!) do. - - - 1821 fl-w do. - - - 182!) Baptist, - - - 1827 1,200 Presliyt. - - 182!J 43,350 TABLE VL Medical Schools. JVnmc. Maine Medical School, . . . New Ilampshiro Medical School, Medical Society Univ. Vermont, Vermont Academy of Med. . . Mass. Med. Col. Harv. Univ. Berkshire Med. Ins. Win. Col. . Med. Dep. Yale College, . . . Col. Phys. and Surg. N. Y. . . Rutgers Med. Fac. Gen. Col. . Col. Phys. and Surg. W. Dist. . Med. Dep. Univ. Penn. . . . Med. Dep. Jefferson College, . Med. Dep. Univ. Md Med. Col. Charleston, S. C. . . Med. Dep. Transylvania, Univ. Med. College of Ohio, . . . . Place. Brunswick, . Hanover, . . Burlington, . Casticton, . . Boston, . . Pittsfield, . . New Haven, . New York, . New York, . Fairfield, N. Y. Pliiladelpliia, . Canon sburg, . Baltimore, Charleston, . Lexington, . JCincinnati, . Prof. Stuilrnt.i. A yy 3 103 3 40 4 .I 01 7 100 ."i Gl 7 113 G 5 IGO 9 420 5 121 G 1.30 G 200 6 113 [For further Statistical Tables, see Appendix.] NUMHER OF STUDENTS IN COLLEGE, IN PROPORTi^lv TO POPrL\TION. Eastern States, 1 stud, to 1,231 inJi. Middle States, 1 do. 3,465 do. Southern States, 1 stud, to 7,232 inh. Western States, I do. fi,0()0. Law Schools. — At Cambridge, Ms., New Haven, Litchfield, Ct., Philadelphia, Williams- burgh, Va., Charleston, S. C. and Lexington, Ky. « Principal Libraries. Philadelphia Library, 42,000 volumes; C^ambridgc University labrary, 35,000; Boston Athenaeum, 20,000, ; Now York Library, 22,000; National Library, Washington, 16,000; Charleston Library, 13,000. ■::y- 'I'HK UNITKI) STATKS. 27 III. yoh. rr- tn ini. Lib. k; 1,2(10 O,'^ (i,000 ^>i I/jOO rif) 00 H,000 i|!t ;<,(;.')(i !'-}| :<,r)r)() '20 1,300 'Ki i)00 <\2 (1,000 .2(i «:,ooo ^2^) 3,r»()o *28 ^24 >2!» ^:21 550 ^2!) C>7 1,200 i'2'J .. 43,350 >9 [)3 10 )1 )0 51 13 30 >0 >1 50 )0 :3 QUESTIONS ON TABLE III. I. Which is the most populous stnto in the Union? "2. Mention tho six n(3Xt in order of their ])oj)ulation. a. Whicli state has tlic fewest inhabitants? 4. Which next? 5. Which stat(! lias the greatest number of square miles? 6. Metilion the six next in order. 7. Which state has the least number of square miles? 8. Which is the next smallest state? 9. Which state is the most thickly settled, that lias the greatest number of inhabitants on a square mile ? 10. Which next? II. Mention the four next in order. 12. Which two have the least dense population? 1.'}. AVhicli state has the greatest number of slaves? 14. Mention the six next in order. 15. (;an you mention the three states that have the least number of slaves? IG. Atention the states that have no slaves. 17. What was the total number of slaves in the United States in 1830? 18. How many colleges are there in the United States? See Table IV. 19. Which has the greatest number of volumes in the college library? 20. Which lour stand next? 21. How many theological seminaries are there in the United States? 22. Which is the oldest theological seminary in the United States, and when did it commence its operations ? 23. Which next ? 24. Which denomination of Christians has the greatest number of theologi- cal seminaries ? 25. Which next ? 26. How many medical schools are there in the United States ? 57. Which has the greatest number of students ? 28. Which four are next in regard to numbers ? 29. Where are the principal law schools? 30. What proportion do the students in college, bear to the whole population in the eastern states ? 31. What proportion in the middle states? 32. Southern states ? 33. Western states ? 34. Which is the largest library in the United States, and how many vol- umes does it contain ? 35. Which is the next, and how many volumes ? 36. Mention the four next in order. m^- [ON. inh. , Williams- 10; Boston in, 16,000; a« DKCLARATION OF Mi ; i: lu . * i)K(.'LAii.\Ti( )N OF I xi )i:im:n I )i:nl'h. In CoNonEss, July 4, 177<;. The. Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America. ., ^^ \\'iii;\, ill the cinirsc 1)1" liiiiiKiii I'vciifs, it IxM-diMcs necessary fur oi iiii> dill' |Mn|i|r to (lissdlvc tlic |M)li!ic;il li.iiids wliieli have c'oiiiieoted tlioiu ''"'''''"''"""'■ with ;iiiiilhi'r, niid tit ;issiiiiii', iiiiiiuiii; ihe powers ol' the earth, tlie separate ami eipial station towhieh th<* laws of nature and ol' nature's (iod eiilitle tluiii, a d' ei'iit nspi et (o ilie opinions of nianUind r(Mjiiir(-.s that they slionid ihrlare the eaiises wliieh impel thini to the separation. W'e hold these truths to he self-evident ; — that all men are created (>qual, Uiiniirnniiic that tlii'V are <'iidow<'d hy their Creator with certain unalienahle tlHMli'niiii' '"ii-''''^? '''''•' •■iiiinnif these are lili-, liiierly, and the pursuit of happi- er- ness. 'J'hat to secure these riiihts, ^-'iii*''' 5 '''"(1 wlieii so suspcMulcd, lie has Utterly iieirlected to at- tiniis on iiii" tend to them. He has refused to jiass other laws for the acconimo- ilu''lVriii->ii datioii of lard to all the dan;j;ers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. Hn has endeavored to prevent tlii' population of these states ; (iir that pur- pose nhstructing the laws tor naturalization ol" foreijjfners ; refusing to pass M , 177<». lurica. ictod \\\v\\\ cartli, tlio ire's (lod that tlicy ltd equal, lialieiiahle (if lia|)|)i- ed !iinonr tlie ^s.sinllic,es, and the am.>unt and payment of their saliiries. lie has erected a nuiltitudc of new ollices, and sent liitlu>r swarms of otlieers, to harass our |H'0[)le, and eat out their siihstaiice. lie has kept amnn^ us, in times (if peace, standiiiij; armies without the con- sent ol' t»ur legislatures. lie has allirted to render tho military independent ol", and su[)('rior to, the civil power. lie has combined with others to subject us to a jurisilictinn foreign to our constitution, and tmacknowlcdgctl by onr laws; jiivinif his assent to their acts of i)reteiided legislation : For quarteriiiL; lar^e bodies of armed troops amou^j; us: For protcctinii them, by a nidck trial, iVom punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of tin.'si! states: For cutlinu: oil* our trade with all parts of the world : For imposinii; taxes on us without our coiisi nt : For dcpriviiu; ns, in many cases, of tho benefits of trial by jnry : For transijortinij: us U'vond seas, to be tried for pretended ollences : For al)o!ishiiii,r the i'vvn syst<>ni of lCn;,dish laws in a nei^hhoriiiji; province, establisliinc!; therein an arbitrary jfovermneiit, and enlarginir its boundaries, so as to render it at onco an example and fit instrument for introducing tho same absolute rul(> into th(\so colonies : For takiiiL!; awiiy our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and alter- ing, i'undaiiientally, the torms of onr governments : For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themsc^lves invested with power to legislate Irir us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated ifovernment here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. lie has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and de- stroyed the lives of our people. lie is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com- plete^ the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circum- stances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely parallekMl in thf; most barbarous ag(\s, and totally unworthy the hc^ad of a civilized nation. lie has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country', to bec(Mne tlu; executioners of their friends and brethren, or to tall themselves by their hands. lb' has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has eiidi avored to bring (III the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of uartiire is an imdistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we liav(> petitioned ll>r redress iviiiions in the most htinible terms: our repeatc^d petitions have been answered ,1',','uvaiiijnu, only by repeated injury. A princ(% whose character is thus marked *""• by every act which mavdeline a tvrant, is iiiifit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our Mritish brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have r(>minded them of the circum- stances of onr migration and settlement here. We have appealed to Appeal to • their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by |,'Io^>^'ivuit tlu! ties of our common kindred to disavow tlu^e usurpations, which ii"s, &c. m 30 DKin.ARATlON OF INDKIMINDKNCK. would iiiovitiiMy int(;rni|)t our coinu'xions and corn'.siioiidnico. 'I'licy loo lmv(! b»'cn deal" to the voin* of justice and cuusanifuinity. We must, lln'relorc!, m;- quirsci* in the necessity wliicli denounces our separation, a!)d hold tlieni, us wo hold llu; rest of mankind — enemies in war, in peace friends. Di'cinriitinn ^^''''» tliorclorc, tilt! rt'proscntativoa of llu; United States of Aincri- onmlciHii- pji, in uenerai <'on and independent states; that they are ahsolvei! irom all alli'ifiance to 'iVomTi'ir'ir ''"' I'litish crowu, and that all political »Mtnnexinn hetween them and aik-ciiirirc, (he state of Cireat Uritaln is, and ouirht to he, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent stati-s, they hav(; full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish conunerce, ahd to do all t)ther acts and things which independent states may of right do. And I'or the sup- Miitiini I""'^ "'' ^'"'^ declaration, with a linn reliance on the protection of I)i- piodufof vine Providence, we uuituallv pledge to each other oiu* lives, our for- fidelity. , 111.. tunes, and our sacreil lionor. The fore !)(', iVi't! ifiaiico to llu'iii and issdlvrd ; T lit levy all other till- siip- 1)11 of l)i- i, our Ibr- id signed JOCK. ton. LEE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNlTi;n STATj 3. VVI'', the |»eo|)le «tf (he United States, in order to form a more pcrtort uiijon, e.stahlish jiistiee, iiisiirr domestic tniiKinilhly, [trovide for the coiiiinoii -fence, |iroiiiofe i\n>. ffeiierfil ucilare, and secure the hiessini^s of hherly to mi^elves and our |)ost(;rity, do ordain and cstal)lish tliis Constitution I'or tho United States t)l' America. AUTICLR I. — SRCTION I. All leiiislative powers herein granted, shall bo vested in a Con- ^,^^ ^ ^^ cross ol' the United States, which shall consist of a senate and a house of reiireseiitatives. SECTION ir. Tiu; House of Representatives shall be composed of memlxM-s „oii(ienf cliosen every second year by the people of the several states; and "fpr'Ni-iita- the electors in each state shr.ll have the qualifications re(|iiisitc for electors of the most luimeroiis branch of the stat(> legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to tlic ago of twenty-live years, and lux'n seven years n citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which be shall be chosen. K(^presentatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their Apportion- respective numlHMN, which shall be determined by adding to tlu; "'^'"^• whole number of free persons, including those bound to serviw; An* a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of aJl other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within the three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of represent- atives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative ; and until such enumeration shall b(^ made, the state ol' Niw Hampshire shall bo entitled to clioose three; Masmchui>vtts eight ; Rhode Island and Promdcnce Plantations one ; Connecticut five ; New 1 orA: six ; New Jersei/ tour ; Pennsi/1 rania cliiht; Delaware onv ; Maryland six ; Virg^inia ten ; North Carolina five ; South Carolina five ; and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the „ executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill up such vacancies. Officers, and The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other i">wer of im- otficers, and shall have the solo power of impeachment. ''^"'^ '""'" " SECTION III. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two sena- tors from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first elec- tion, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of tlie third class at the expiration of 'the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by re- signation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the ;i2 CONSTrniTION ()!•' -1. h* ,! ,!!■.. Jiidgincnt. cxrcutivr thereof niny iniik»> frin|M»rnry ii|)i)(»inliiuiits until the next meeting of the Ifj^'isliitiirc, wliifli sIimII iIhii lill such viicmicirs. No iMTsnn shiill Iw II srn.itnr who sliiill not hiivf iittiiiiicd In the nachment sliall Jiot extend furtlu'r than to removal iVom ollice, and (lis(|ualificalion to holil and enjoy any oflicr of jionor, trust, or protit, under the I'nited Slates; hut the party eonvi<'t- cd shall nevertheless he liahU; and suhject to indictment, trial, jutlgment, und punishment uccuriling to law. SKCTION IV. Kipotiniis The times, places, and manner of holding elections lor senators "■Ii.T!.' ',!l'," Mn\ r(>presentatives, shall he i)rescril)ed in each state hy the leuisla- uiHl rrpr*?- I ' * 'III seiitativcu. turc thereof; hut the conyress may, at any tune, hy law, make or niter such reL'ulatioIis, except as to the places of (dioosiii|i; senators. Mfciina (if The couuress shall assi'inlile at least once iu every )ear, and such coiigr.s.s. pieetinir slialj Im; on the iirst Monday in Decemher, unless they shall by law appoint a dilferent day. st;< Tto\ V. Powers of Ivu'h hnuso shall he the jud^e of the elections, reliu'ns, rmd (|uali- *"'•'''''""'"'■ ficaf ions of its own memhers; and a majority of each shall consti- tute a (juoruiu to do husiness ; hut a smaller numlK-r may adjourn from day to day, and may !)<■ authorized to compel llu; atlendance of ahseut memhers, in such maimer and under such penalties as I'ach hous<' may j)rovide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its memhers for disorderly behavior, und, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel n member. Each house shall ke(^p a journal of its ])roceedin<;s, and from time to time pid)lish the same, exceptini^ such pa. Is as may in their Vcasaiid judiruient reepii rc sccrecy ; and the yeas and luiys of the members "">'*• of either lio\ise, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-liflh of those present, be entered on the journal. Adjourn- Neither house, durin,^ the session of congress, shall, without the iiiL'iii. consent of the other, adjourn for more llian three days, nor to any otiier place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. sr.eTioN VI. Cnmpensa- '^^^^ senators and representativ< s shall receive a compensation for tioii nmi their services, to Ik; ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury privi tgLs. ^j. ^j^^ United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, bo privileged from arrest diu'ing their at- tendance at the session of their respective; houses, and in going to or returning from the same ; anil ibr any speech or dt.bate in either iiousc they shall not be questioned in any otiier place. Journals. 'rilK IINITKI) STATUS. 'M KTlinjr of ■ of thirty , ami wild wliieh ho III (if tlu! ■il. im'sidcnt 1 Ih' sllilll acliiiuiits. in nation. shall |ir»,- t\v(i-thirds rthf'T than ciijiiy any ty coiivict- ^iiicnt, unci ir senators the Ici^isla- V, Miiikt' or r, nnd such i thiy shull , and (|uali- liall consti- Vom day to iicnibc-rs, in ts nuMTihcrs Is, expel a , and from lay in tlicir ic nicinhcrs onc-lil'tli of without tho nur to unv onsation for :ho treasury >pt treason, iiir their at- Dr returnin and house of n^presentatives, ac- cording to the rules and limitaticjns i)rescrihed in tho case of a bill. SKCTION viir. The couffress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; fo pay the rnwrraof debts and ]»rovido f >r the common defence and ijeiKM'al welfare of tho conunisd. rnifed Slates ; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall Ik3 uniform throughout the llniled States: To borrow money on the credit of the United 8tat(\s : To rciiidate commerce with for(;igu nations, and among the several states, and with tlu^ Indian tribes : To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the sub- ject of bankruptci<'s, throuirhnut the United States: To coin money, ren;nlate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures: To provide I'or tlw^ pimishmcnt of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of tho United States: To establish post-ofhces and post-roads : To promote the progress of science and useful arts, hy securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, tho exclusive right to their resj>cctivc writings and discoveries : To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court: to define und punish piracies and felonies counnittcd on the high seas, and ofiences against the law of nations : I-: i'ii.i I!' I ^h.J !l ti 34 CONSTITUTION OP To declare war, grant lotters-of-marque and reprisal, and nmkc rules con- cerning captures on land and water : To raise and support armies ; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years : To provide and maintain a navy : To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces : To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, sup- press insurrections, and repel invasions : To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for gov- erning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress : To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings : — and, To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into ex- ecution the foregoing powers, vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION IX. Restrictions The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states on congress. nQ^y existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the j)ublic safety may require it. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein Ix'fore directed to Ix; taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No prefer- ence shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state r-rr those of another : nor shall vessels bound to or from one slate, be obliged to t ..ter, clear, or pay duties in another. f Public No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence money, ^^f appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall ho granted by the United States, and no person holding any oifice of profit or trust under them, shall, without the con.sent of congress, accept of any present, emolument, otfice, or title of any kind what- ever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION X. Restrictions No statc shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; ''""'^''"''''''- grant letters-of-marque and reprisal ;' coin money ; emit bills of credit; make any thing iuit gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of atlaiiitkr, ex po,st facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any titlo of nobility. No state sIkiII, without the consent of the; congress, lay any imposts or duiies on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws ; and the neat produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state •'Y' # ules con- ► that use and naval inion, sup- id for gov- he United ficers, and icribed by ich district liar states, the United he consent erection of — and, ng into ex- jrnment of f the states Dhibiled by ; but a tax dollars for ded, unless c it. lion to the No prefer- hc ports of one state. onsequcnco nd account ishcd from no person consent of kind whut- Ridcration ; lit bills of t of (If'l)ts ; ^ligation of Is or dui;!;s xccuting its )y any state THE UNITED STATES. 85 Electorg. on imports or exports, shall be for the treasury of the United States, and all such laws siiall bn subj('(;t to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without tiu; consent of the congress, lay any duty of tojinage, keep troops or ships t)f war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with {mother state, or with a foreign j)ower, or engage in war, unless actually in- vaded, or in such imminent danger ais will not admit of delay. AKTKLE 11. SECTION I. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United Executive States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four '^^"^P{',i'''' years, and, together with the vice-president, chosen for the same vice-presi- term, be ekvtod as follows : '*'''"'• Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elccto/s, equal to the whole number of sena- tors and roprcscintatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress ; but no senator or representative, or person holding an olUcc of trust or profit under the Ihiited Stales, shall be appointed an elector. "^I'lic electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two per- -phis para- sons, ofwlioin one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with them- graph has selves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number ^•'j^" annul- of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to pij^J" gee the seat of ofoverntnentof the United States, directed to the president of the senate, art. 12th of The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of re- amendments, presentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of vot-.;s, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for president ; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But, in choosing the jjresidcnt, the votes shall bo taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of tho states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, afler tho choice of the president, the person having tlie greatest number of votes of the electors, shall be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, tlie pcnate shall choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president. The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the eiecto"s!ana sam(; throughout tho United States. theirvoting. No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible «Juaiifica* to the office of president : neither shall any person be eligible to that ''""*• ^^ office, who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been four- teen yea.rs a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said '"^""'^>'- office, the same shall devolve on the vice-president, and the congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as president ; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a president shall be elected. Tlie president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- compema- pensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the i'""- period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from tlie United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the. execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of the president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend, the constitution of the United States." Oaih. 30 CONSTITUTION OF y .i¥^» it':;;:- Powers. SKCTION II. Tlif^ prosidont .sluill be (•(•inMmndcr-in-chu'fortlK; nrniy mid ?i.ivy of tlic Unitt'd Statos, and ol'llu! militia oI'iIk! several stat(;s, when called into the actual scM-viceul'tlio United States; he may rcHjuiro the opinion, in writ- injT, of the jirincipal otlieer in each of the executive departments, u|M)n any subject relating to the (luties of their respective oiiices ; and lu; shall hav(! power to grant reprieves and pardons for otlences ngaiust tlie United States, except in cases of impeachment. lie shall liave power, by and with iJio advice and consent of tlie senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur: and Ik' shall nominate, and, by and with tlu; advice and consent of tlie senate, shall ajipoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other ollicers of the United States, whose? apj)ointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and Vv'hich shall he established by law. Hut the con- gress may, by law, vest the appointment of such interior officers as they think proiK^r, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart- ments. The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during tlie recess of the senate, by granting coniinissions, wliich shall expire at the end of their next session. SECTION III. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information of tlic state of the union, and recommend to their consideraticjn such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient : he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene bnents. application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall Ix; valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legis- latures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or tho other mode of ratiiication may be proposed by the congress ; provided, that no amendiiuMit which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner afreet the first and » itr 38 rONSTITUTTON OF fourth clnuses in tho ninth scdion of tho first nrticio: nnd ihnt no sfatr, with- out its consent, shall be depriv'eii of its equal sulfrag*; in llio .senate. AUTK I.K vr. _ . , . All debts contracted and en'fMifenients (>ntrred into, before tho adoption ol this constitution, shall U\ as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under the conledcration. Supreme This constitution, !uul the laws oftlie Ignited States which shall bo law. rnade in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall b<3 made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and tlie judges in every state shall be bound thereby ; any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the mem- bers of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the? l^nitcni States and of tlu; several states, shall 1)0 bound by No religious oath or affimiation to support this constitution: but no religious test "'*'• shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. Ratification. ARTICLE Vir. The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratify- ing the same. Done in Convention, by the. vnanimons consent of the Statcn present, the seventeenth day of Scplnnher, in the year of our Lord, one thoi/sand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEOR(^tE WASHINGTON, President, and Deputy from Virginia, NEW-HAMI'SiriRE. John Langdon, Nicholas Oilman. MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel Gorhani, Rufus King. CO^'NECTICUT. William Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman. NEW-YORK. Alexander Hamilton. NEW-JERSEV. William Livingston, David Brearly, William Patterson, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSVLVANIA. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifllin, Robert Morris, (jJeorge Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimmong, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. Attest, DELAWARE. George Read, Gunning Bedford, Jr. John Dickin.son, Richard Bassett, Jacob Broom. iMARYLAXD. James M'Henry, Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, Daniel Carroll. VIRGINIA. John Blair, James Madi.son, Jr. NORTH CAROLINA. William Blount, Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson. sou TII CAROLINA. John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinekney, Charles Pinekney, Pierce Butler. GEORGIA. William Few, Abraham Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. THE UNITED STATEB. 39 sfato, with- boforo tlio the United eh shall bo li shall b"eii. Art. 10. The jxjwers not delegated to the United States by the con- stitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, arc reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. Art. 11. The judicial power of the United States shall not be con- strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecu- ted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. Art. 12. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and Election of vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, F^^iiient shall jiot be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they president, shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice.pr(\sident ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as presid(;nl, and of all persons voted for as vice- president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, Reserved powers. State not suable. 40 coNSTrrtrrioN of PL u directed to tlio pn^sidcut of \hr scntilc : llic prcsidiMt tif the scuJilr sliall, ill tin; prcsnu'cof tli(5 si!ii!it(^ itnd li()iis(i of rf^prost'iitativt's, ()])t'ii nil tlir (■(rtilicntfs, .111(1 tlif voti's shall llicii he counted; the |irrsoM having tlic m'calcsl inimhfniC votes for pivsidcnt, sliall Ix; the prcsidciil, if such lauuhcr k.' a majority of tin; whole nuiuhei* of electors appointed : and if no person iiavc! sindi nuijority, then from tho persons liaving tiie highest nunilxTS, not exceedinu; three, on the list of those voted for as ]ursident, the iiotise of i-ep resent at ives shall choose; ininio diately, hy ballot, the president. Hut, in clioosin<^ the presidi'iU, the votes shall ho taken hy states, the represi'ntation Ironi each stati; havinj^ one vote; a (pio- runi for this purpose shall consist of a ineiuher or nienihers from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall he nec,(>ssary to a choice. And if the house of repres«'ntatives shall not choose a jiresident wheniwer the rijrht of clioice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next follow- ing, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. The person havinif tlu; ifreatest nundx'r of voles ns vice-president, shall 1x3 the vice-president, if such number 1m3 u majority of the whole lunnlx'r of elec- tors appointed ; and if no |)erson have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, th(! senate shall choose tlu^ vice-president : a (piorum for the purpose slwUl consist ol' two-thirds oi' the whole ninnber of senators, and a majority of tlu; whole iunnber sfiall be necessary to a choice. Unniifica. f?ut ui) person constitutionally inelij^ri|)|(. to th(^ ollice of president, '''"^g^'J,[J'*' shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United tStutes. .^''■ft ^, QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF TIIE UNlTh:L) STATICS. 1. Of what branches does the congress of the United States consist ? 2. Of what is the house of representatives composed ? ti. What arc the (|ualilications necessary lor a representative? 4. \V'hat number of inliabitants s(nuls a represt'ulati\e to congress ? rj. When vacancii's happen in the representation from any stat(^, how are they to be fdled f 6. Of what persons is the senate composed ? 7. In what maimer, and for how long a period, are the senators chosen? 8. into how many classes are the senators divided? 9. How oft(Hi are the seats of thest; classes vacated ? 10. When vacancies in the senate happen during the recess of the legisla- ture of any state, how are they to Ik; iilltd ? 11. VV'hat age must a senator liave attained ? 12. How many years must lu; have Inen u citizen of the United States? ly. Who is the preside'Ul of the senate ? 14. How often d(tes congress assemble? 15. What dfiy is iixed for its meeting? IH. From what l"imd are the membcM's of congress compensated ? 17. When a bill has passed the house of representatives and the senate, to whom must it Ikj presented bella'e it becomes a law? 18. Wh.at must the ])resideiit do I 19. If the bill is returned without tin; signatiu'e of the president, what course is to Ix; pursued by congress? 20. Wliat is a necessary ([ualilication of the president, with regard to his place of birlh? 21. What must b(> his age? 22. During how many years inuol he iiave resided within the country? II, III lUr. •filiciitfs, iiiiiljfnir V of lll(! rity, Ur'h u tlie list so iminc- otcs sliiill ! ; a «iuo- thinls of cc And tlio rirs, niid a president, , how arc hoscii 1 m THE UNITED STATES. 41 2:3. For liow many years do the president and vice-president hohl their oflices '.' 24. In what manner are they elected! Sec Art. IT. Sect. I. clause 2, and Art. 12 of the amendments. 25. Who is to Ik; commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of tho militia, wlien called into actual service? 2(5. What is said in regard to the power of tho president? 27. What in regard to his duty? Sect. 111. Art. 11. 2H. For what crimes arc tho olFiccrs of the United States to bo removed from office ? 29. Mow is the judicial power vested? Hi). In what dfH's treason against the United States consist? ;U. What form of government do the United States guaranty to every mcmlxH" of tho great |)o]itical family — tiie several states? iV2. Against what injuries are they hound to protect each state 1 an. Wliut is said in regard to amendments? 'M. What in regard to religion, freedom of speech, and of the press? See Art. I. of the amendments. PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, FROM 1774 to 1789. Peyton Randol})h, - John Hancock, - - Henry Laurens, - - John Jay, . - - - Samuel Huntington, Thomas M'Kean, - John Hanson, - - Elias Boudinot, - - Thomas Milllin, - - Richard Henry Lee, Nathanial Gorham, - Arthur St. Claiv, (-yrus Griffin, - - From Virginia, - - Massachusetts, South Carolina, Now York, Connecticut, - Delaware, - - Maryland, - - New Jersey, - Pennsylvania, - Virginia, - - Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, - Virginia, - - Elected Sept. 5, 1774. May 24, 1775. Nov. 1, 1777. Dec. 10, 1778. Sept. 28, 1779. July 10, 1781 Nov. 5, 1781. Nov. 4, 1782. Nov. 3, 1783. Nov. 30, 1786. June 6, 1786. Feb. 2, 1787. Jan. 22, 1788. he legisla- itatcs ? : senate, to hat course urd to his mtry 1 PRINCIPAL OFFICEnS UNDKK THE 'FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. First Administration. Georoe Washington, Virginia, April 30, 1789. President. Massachusetts, " " Vice-President. Virginia, Sept. 26, 1789. ) ^^^^^^^^-^^ ^f Jan. 2. 1794. > ^ecreianes oi ,,^r i State. r95. J John Adams, Thomas Jeflerson, Edmund Randolph Timothy Pickering, Massachusetts, Dec. 10,179 Aliwander Hamilton, New York, Sept. 11, 1789. > Secretaries of Oliver Wolcott, Connecticut, Feb. 3, 1795. ^' tho Treasury. Hemy Knox, Massachasells, Sej)t. 12, 1789. Timothy Pickering, " Jan. 2, 1795. Maryland, Jan. 27, 1796. Virginia, Sept. 26, 1789. Pennsylvania, Jan. 27, 1794. N'irginia. Deo. 10, 1705. F James M'Henry, Edmund Randolph; William Rradfordj Charles Lee, Secretaries of War. Attorneys General. ''" :%\ M 43 OFFICERS UNDKU TIIK CONSTI'I'DTION John Adams, Thomas Jetrerson, Timothy Pickering, John Marshall, Oliver Wolcott, Samuel Dexter, James M'llenry, Samuel Dexter, Roger Griswold, Second Adminislrntion. Massachusetts, March 1, I7!)7. Frcsidcnt. « » Vice-lN-esidenl. > ►Secretaries ol May in, IHIH). \ State. Virginia, Massachusetts, Dec Connecticut, Benjamin Stoddard, Maryland, Charles Leo, } Secretaries «)f . 31, 1M(K>. ^ tli(! Treasury. May 13, IKOO ^'^•''•'•:';;"'"'«"1" Feb. 3, IHOl. ) ^^"'"*- May yi,l70s.^''^7'-^';"-y'>r •^ S ^'"- Navy. ^ Attorney .^ ^ (leneral. Third Administration. '-) Thomas Jeffkrson, March 4, \H)\. {'resident. Aaron Burr, New York, George Clinton, James Madison, Samuel Dexter, Albert Gallatin, Henry Dearborn, «' 180r). \ ^' March r,,lHOl>''^"^r;^'yy^ ^ State. ice-Presidents, f Virginia, } Secretaries of Pennsylvania, Jan. 26, 1802. \ the Treasury. Massachusetts, March 5, IROl. \ ^''^'^^^'^ "^ Benjamin Stoddert, Robert Smith, liCvi Lincoln, John Breckenridge, Kentucky, Caesar A. Rodney, Delaware, ^ Secretaries of Maryland, Jan. 20,1802.^ the Navy Massachusetts, March Ti, 1801. Dec. 23, 1805. Jan. 20, 1807. Attorneys General. James Madison, George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry, Robert Smith, James Monroe, Albert Gallatin, G. W. Campbell, Fourth Administration. March 4, 1809. President. Massachusetts, "' " \ Vice-Presidents. Maryland, March C, 1809. > Secretaries of Virginia, Nov. 25, 1811. ([ State. ....,,^.., Tennessee, Feb. 9, 1814. 1 f^^^^^^^ ^^ Alexander J. Dallas, Pennsylvania, Oct. G. 1814. ) ""^ treasury. William Eustis, Massachusetts, March 7, 1809.' John Armstrong, New York, Jan. 13, 1813. James Monroe, Sept. 27. 1814. W. H. Crawford, Georgia, March 2, 1815. , Paul Hamilton, South Carolina, March 7, 1809. ) „ . _ William Jones, Pennsylvania, Jan. 12, 1813. J ftecretanes ol B. W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts, Dec. 19, 1814. ^ "^^ ^^^^^ Caesar A. Rodney, William Pinknoy, Maryland, Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, Secretaries of War. Dec. 11, 181I.^):'"™T Fob. I(., I-H. ) "''"""'■ ^1 OFFK'EKS LISJJER THE COiNtiTlTU'l'ION. 43 sidc'Ht. <'S ol ios of K'S ol" y nf vy. Fifth A flministrdtioH. Jamks Monkok, Murch 4, lrtl7. Prcsidtiit. Daniel J). Tompkins, New York, Vice-President. John (iuincy Adams, MassacliuseUs, March 5, 1817. ] Sfntf. I State. William II. Crawford, March r, IMP) S Secretary of '*' ^^^'" I the ' Treasury. John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 5, 1817. j ^"""^{y^^^ ""^ B, W. Crow iiinshield, ) Socrotaries of Smith Thompson, N.;w Y<.rk, Nov. 30, 1818. i .^'"^'il' '^' "' Samuel I.. Southard, New .Tersey, Dec. », 18i2.3. ) ""^ '^"^>' Uichard Rush, William Wirt, > Attorneys Virginia, Dec. 16, 1817. \ General. Sixth Administration. John Qr I \ Secretaries of Edward Livintrston, Louisiana, May, 1831. y State. Samuel 1). Ingham, Pennsylvania, March 0, 1829. > Secretaries of Louis M'Lanc, Delaware, May 1831. \ tne Treasury. John II. Eaton, Tennessee, March 9, 1829. > Secretaries of Hugh L. Wliite, " 1831. ^ War. John Branch, North Carolina, March 9, 1828. } Secretaries of Levi Woodbury, N. Ila»Tipshire, May 1831. ^ the Navy. John MT. licrrien, Georgia, March 9, 1829. > Attorneys R. B. Taney, Maryland, 1831. ^ General. Chief Justices of the United States. John Jay, - - - . New York, - - - Sept. 20, 1789. William Cushing, - - Massachusetts, - - Jan. 22, 1796. Oliver Ellsworth, - - Connecticut, - ■ March 4, 1796. John Marshall, - - Virginia, - - - Jan. 27, 1801. i 4i OFFR'KUS r.NDHR INK CONSTITUTION. Ministtm to Frann Govcrncur Morris, - - .Tnmos Monroo, - - ■ Charles ('. Pinknoy, ("harlcs C Pinkmiy, Klhridf^o (Jerry, • - John Marshall, - - Oliver Ellsworth, William Vans Murray, William 11. Davie, - Jnmcs A. liayard, - ■ Robert H. Livingston, John Armstrong, - • Joc^l Barlow, - . - William H. Crawford, Allx!rt (lallatin, - - James Ih'own, - - - William C. Uives, - • of Niw Jj'rsey, Jan. 12, 1702. (( V'iruinia, May 2^, 1H(M. « South {'anilina, Sept. 9, 1790. (( (( (( ^ u Massachusetts, > June T), 17U7. (( Virginia, - - s (( Connecticut, - ) (( Marylaiul, > I'M). 20, 179!). u North Carolina, S ii J)elaware, - . Feb. 19, IHOl. (I New York, - • Oct. 2, IHOl. li " . . . June 'My 1H()4. (« (-onnecticut. Feb. 27, IHU. (( (ieorgia, - - • Apri 1 9, 1H13. (( P(!nnsylvania, ■ Ih-1). 2M, IHir,. (( Louisiana, - • Dec. 9, 182:}. C( Virginia, - - ■ * * 1829. Minishrs to Gnat Britain. lu|i,J'»« Gcvcrncur Morris, Thomas Pinkncy, John Jay, - • Rufus King, - - James Monroe, • James Monroe, - WiUiam Pinkncy, William Pinkncy, John Quincy Adams Richard Rush, ■ Rufus King, - - Albert Gallatin, - James Barbour, - Louis M'Lane. - . of New Jersey, Oct. 1.3, 1789. . " South Carolina, Jan. 12, 1792. . " New York, - - April 19, 1794. " " " . . May 29, 1796. • " V^irginia, - - April 18, 1803. ■ " Maryland, - ; May 12, 1800. " " ... Feb. 20, 1H08. IS, - " Massachusetts, - Feb. 28, 1815. - " Pennsylvania, - Dec. 10, 1817. ■ " New York, - - May 5, 1825. - •' Pennsylvania, - May 18, 1826. . " Virginia, - - May 23, 1828. - " Delaware, - - - - - 1829. . A: .«« it3jji*ai. tlkii .»■.■. \ J. ■4 '4 -, V v.»>f«?~y**' •)/ » \\\ W'm • V [■i ^'»*'y)f>f -, ^^>vB, "t^j 'at I I IP Tiiii: UNrri:i) sTA'rKs. 15 INDIVIDUAL STA'n:S. MxVlNi:. It is tho most tiorfh-cashTn stnio of ilu- ITnioii, Ixtimdcil N. W. nnd N. I)y Lnwor-Cnnada, K. I)y New nriins\vi<'l\, S. I)y tlir Atliintii-, ami W. I>y iVcw Hjxmpshirc. It. lies lK!tw('('n 4M ami 4*^ dcm-cis N. latilndc, inid <» and 10 I"), longitude from Washington. Its L'roatrst Icn^lli tVnni N. to S. is 225 miles, and greatest breadth from M. to VV. 1!)5; and it is estimated 'o contain 32,628 squaro miles. l'o|)idatinn in 17!K», !)(i,54(> ; in 1^00, 151,710; in 1810, 228,705; in 1820, 208,335; and in li3t), 300,102. Topulation to a square mile, 12. Note. — The lx)undary of Maine cannot bo considered as deiinitily wttled. A flisputc having aristm Iwtween the authorities of tlie state and those of the Ihitish province of New- RrunHwirk, which adjoins it on tlu; north-east, the ijovemnicnls of the I'Mited States nnd Great Britain referred the mutter to th^1 { To|)sham ^ Warren 1,504 2,030 31 44 Oxford ?r 27,104 35,217 Paris 2,337 42 Penobscot 71 13,870 31,530 Hanifor 2,808 CO Somerset nw 21,787 35,788 Norridi^ewock 1,710 28 Waldo s 22,253 20,790 Helfiist 3,077 40 Washington V 12,744 21,295 Maohias 1,021 113 York mc Total 40,283 51,710 ^ York \ Alfred 3,485 1,453 99 80 298,335 399,402 Note. — The small letters annexed to the counties indicate their situation in the several states ; as e, w, n, s, ne, nm, em, Sfc, cast, west, north, south, north-east, north of middle, east of middle, Sfc. The seats of go>'ernment of tiic ditTercnt states are printed in small capitals. When more llian one town is mentioned to a county, tiie first is tiic county town. :4 11 ■* * '^»^Hii«w»>»« ^^mm 46 MAINE. 1 1^ ; !i m \rm ill Mill i-,i' I The principal rivers urc tlic Penobscot, Kenncbcck, Androscoggin, Saco, St. Croix, and St. Johns. The principal bays are Casco, Penobscot, Frenchman's, Englishman's, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. The most noted lakes are Moosehcad, Umbagog, Scbago, Schoo^c, and several others farther in the interior. Maine is rather an elevated country, having generally a diversified surface. A tract commencing on the west side of the state, east of the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, and holding a north-east direction as far as the heads of the Aroostic, about IGO miles in length, and 60 in its greatest breadth, is moun- tainous. Katahdin mountain, in this range, is supposed to be the highest land between the Atlantic and the St. Lawrence. There is also a small mountain- ous tract in the northern extremity. The remainder of the state may be con- sidered, generally, as a moderately hilly country. The tract of country along the sea-coast from 10 to 20 miles wide embraces all the varieties of sandy, gravelly, clayey, and loamy soils, frequently inter- spersed at short distances ; seldom very rich, in many places tolerably fertile, but generally poor. Of this section Indian corn, rye, barley, grass, &c. are the principal productions. In the tract lying north of this, and extending 50 miles from the sea in the western, 80 in the central, and 90 in the eastern part, the same kinds of soil are found, but they are less frequently diversified, and generally more fertile. The surface rises into large swells of generally good soil, between which, on the margin of the streams, are frequently rich inter- vals, and in other places sandy or gravelly pine plains, or spruce and cedar swamps. Of this section the principal productions are grass, Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, &c. The country beyond the limits above specified, is but little settled. It exhi'^'th great diversities in the appearance of its soil, growth of timber, and also . climate. The land on the Kennebeck, and between this river and the Penob- scot, is accounted the best in the district. It is well adapted to the various pur- poses of agriculture, and as a grazing country, it is one of the finest in New England. Though the climate of Maine is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, yet the air in all parts of the country is pure and salubrious. The summers in most parts are favorable to the growth of all the vegetable productions of the northern states. In some parts, however, Indian corn and some other plants of a more tender kind, are frequently injured and sometimes destroyed by frosts late in the spring and early in autumn. The cold of winter is severe, yet the serenity of the sky, and the invigorating influence of the atmosphere, during the same season, make amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. It is said that an inhabitant on Kennebeck river requires more clothing in winter to keep him comfortable in Boston than at home. Maine enjoys great facilities for commerce. The coast is indented with bays, abounding in excellent harbors. All the settled parts of the country lie near a market, and the produce of the farmer is readily exchanged for money, at a good price. Value of the exports for the year ending 1st Jan. 1830, $738,000. The principal article, of export is lumber. Vast quantities of boards, shin- gles, clapboards, masts, spars, «Stc. are transported to the neighboring states, to the West Indies, and to Europe. Much of the fire-wood consumed in Boston, Salem, &c. is brought from Maine. Dried fish and pickled salmon are con- siderable articles of export. Beef, pork, butter, pot and pearl ashes, and some grain, are also among the exports. The principal manufactures consist of cotton and woollen cloths, hats, shoes, boots, leather, iron, nails, distilled spirits, and cordage. The number of cotton mills in 1831, was 8 ; capital in do. $765,000 ; yards of cloth made annually, 1,750,000. .f 12, pas MAINE. 47 ;in, Saco, St. ''renchman's, d lakes are irther in the sified surface, te Mountains, 3 heads of the dth, is moun- I highest land all mountain- ! may be con- vide embraces jquently inter- lerably fertile, ^rass, &c. are extending 50 e eastern part, Uversified, and generally good itly rich inter- nee and cedar , Indian corn, led. Itexhi*H^ !r, and also .' and the Penob- le various pur- finest in New heat and cold, 'he summers in ductions of the -ne other plants royed by frosts severe, yet the Dsphere, during of the weather. )thing in winter snted with bays, antry lie near a or money, at a 830, $738,000. >f boards, shin- boring states, to med in Boston, ^almon are con- ishcs, and some ths, hats, shoes, umber of cotton made annually, History. There are 20 banks in this state ; 6 at Portland, including a brancli of the United States' Bank ; 2 at Saco ; 2 at Bath ; 1 at Kennebunk ; 1 at Augusta , 1 at Gardiner ; 1 at Waterville ; 1 at Bangor ; 1 at Thomaston ; 1 at S. Ber- wick ; 1 at Brunswick ; 1 at Vassalborough, and 1 nt Winthrop. The first permanent settlement in Maine was formed about the year 1630; and for several years the government of the colony was ad- ministered in the name of Sir Ferdinando Gorges as proprietor of the country. In 1652, the inhabitants of Maine were placed under the jurisdiction of Mas- sachusetts. The country was, however, afterwards claimed by the heirs of Gorges, but was, in 1677, purchased by the colony of Massachusetts. From that time the territory formed a part of the colony and afterwards of the state of Massachusetts, and was styled, the District of Maine, till the year 1820, when it was erected into an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed in 1819, and went into . operation in 1820. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and and govem- a House of Representatives, both elected annually by the people, on '"^"'" the second Monday in September.. These two bodies are together styled The Legislature of Maine. The number of representatives cannot be less than 100, nor more than 200. A town having 1,500 inhabitants is entitled to send 1 re- presentative ; having 3,750,2; 6,775,3; 10,500,4; 15,000, 6; 20,250, 6; 26,250, 7 ; but no town can ever be entitled to more than 7 repT(\sentatives. The number of fenators cannot be less than 20, nor more than 31. The legis- lature meets at. Augusta annually, on the first Wednesday in January. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually by the people, on the second Monday in September, and his term of oflice cominences on the first Wednesday in January. A council of seven members is elected annually on the first Wednesday in January, by joint ballot of the senators and representatives, to advise the governor in the executive part of government. The right of suffrage is grpnted to every male citizen aged 21 years or up- wards (excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed), having had his residence established in the state for the term of three months next preceding an election. The Literary Seminaries in Maine are Bowdoin College at Ih-unswirk, a flourishing institution ; Waterville College, at Waterville, under the direction of the Baptist denomination ; a Theological School at Bangor ; the Gardiner Lyceum, at Gardiner ; and the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Rcadfield, which unites agricultural and mechanical labor with literary instruction. Every town is required by law to raise annually, for the support of common schools, a sum equal at least to 40 cents for each person in the town, and to distribute this sum among the several school districts, according to the number of scholars in each. On an island in Penobscot river, there arc still the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians. They consist of about 100 families, arc Roman Catholics, and have a church and a priest. The Baptists have 210 churches, 136 ministers, 22 licentiates, and 12,936 communicants; the Congregationalists, 156 churches, 107 pastors, and 9,626 communicants; the Methodists, 56 ministers, and 12,1R2 communicants ; the Free-will Baptists, about 50 congregations ; the Friends, about 30 societies; the Unitarians, 12 societies and 8 ministers; the I-lpiscopa- lians, 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches; the New Jerusalem Church, 3 societies ; and there are some Universalists. The number of periodical papers in 1830, was 22. This state sends 8 representatives to congress. The governor's salary is 1500 dollars. Indians. Rrlicion, IKII. V- m *:i Lit: -18 NEW IIAxMPSHIRE. •i; ^ PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MAINE. 1. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does Maine lie? 2. What is its length and breadth 1 V 3. How many square miles docs it contain ? 4. What was the population in 1830? . ^ 5. What is the population to a square mile ] 6. How many counties does it contain ? — 1. Name them. 8. What are the principal rivers in Maine? — 9. Bays? — 10. The most noted lakes ? 11. What was the value of the exports in 1829? 12. What was the number of cotton mills in 1831 ? 13. What arc the principal articles of export ? > , 14. What do the principal manufactures consist of? 15. What was the number of yards of cotton cloth made in 1831 ? 16. How many banks arc there in the state? 17. When was Maine admitted into the Union ? 18. When is the general election ? 19. When and how often docs the legislature meet ? 20. To whom is the right oi suffrage granted ? , 21. Name the principal literary institutions. 22. How much is every town obliged, by laW; to raise annually for the support of common schools ? 23. Where are the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, and what is said of them ? \ 24. Name the principal denominations of Christians in the state. \ 25. How many representatives docs Maine send to Congress ? 26. What is the governor's annual salary ? * ■ 1^ NEW HAMPSHIRE. m ARMS or i\i:\V IIARIPSIIIUE. New Hampsiiirr is bounded N. by Lower CMunda ; E. by Maine ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Massacliuaetls ; and W. by Vermont. It lies between 42" 41' and 4mi' N. lul. Jiud brlwivn 1 ' '20' and A' 10' E. long, from Washington. el r . The most 31? '#; lually for the ;, and what is te. ^ |nc ; S. E. by l)ctwcen 42" I Washington. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 4» It is 160 miles long from N. to S., 90 in its greatest breadth, and contains 9,491 square miles, or 6,074,240 acres. Population in 1790, 141,885; in 1800, 183,858; in 1810, 214,460; in 1820, 244,161 ; and in 1830, 269,533 Population to a square mile, 28. TABLE OF THK COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. UiritUnCH (r. Concord. Rockingham se Strafford e Merrimack m Hillsborough s Cheshire str Sullivan w Grafton w Coos n Total 40,526 51,415 32,743 35,781 26,753 18,628 32,989 5,151 44,452 58,916 34,^19 37,762 27,016 19,687 38,691 8,390 i Portsmouth I Exeter ' Dover Gilmanton ■ Gilford , Rochester Concord Amherst Keeno Newport i Haverhill ( Plymouth Lancaster 8,082 2,759 5,449 3,816 1,872 2,155 3,727 1,657 2,374 1,913 2,153 1,175 1,187 45 39 40 20 30 40 30 55 40 67 40 116 244,161 269,533 Concord is the seat of government. Portsmouth is much the largest town, and the only sea-port. Five of the largest rivers in New England rise either wholly or in part in this state. These arc the Cv./iiiiecticut, Merrimack, Androscoggin, Saco, and Piscataqua. The other most considerable rivers arc the Upper and Lower Am- monoosuc. Sugar river, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Margallaway, and Nashua. The principal lakes arc Winnipiseogee, Umbagog, Ossipee, Sunapee, Squam, and Newfoundland lakes. The whole extent of sea-coast in this state, from the southern boundary to the mouth of Piscataqua harbor, is 18 miles. The shore is generally a sandy beach, and bordering upon it are salt marshes, intersected by creeks. There are several coves, convenient for fishing vessels, but the entrance of the Piscat- aqua is the only harbor for ships. For 20 or 30 miles from the sea the coun- try is either level, or variegated by small hills and valleys. Then commences a country the surface of which is greatly diversified by hills, valleys, and seve- ral elevated mountains, among which are the White Mountains, accounted the highest in the United States. The other mos^ considerable summits are Moose- hillock, Monadnoc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, &c. Some of the most re- markable natural objects of curiosity are the cave in Chester, the rock in Dur- liara, Bellows falls in Walpole, and particularly the Notch, of the White Mountains. There is a great variety of soil in this state ; a considerable proportion is fertile, and it is generally better adapted to grazing than tillage. The interval lands on the large rivers are esteemed the most valuable. These produce vari- ous kinds of grain in great abundance. But the uplands, of an uneven surface, and of a rocky, warm, moist soil, arc accounted the best for grazing. The principal articles of produce are beef, pork, mutton, butter, cheese, wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, barley, pulse, and flax. In the township of Chester, are two remarkable caves. One called the Devil's Den is in Mine Hill, in the western part. The hill is half a mils in diameter, and about 400 feet high, almost perpendicular on the south side. The G 50 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 11' lli'f entrance of the cave, which is on the south side, is 10 yards above the base, ar d after a passage, varying in its dimensions, 25 feet in length, opens into the piincipal apartment, which is 15 or 20 feet square, three or four feet high, floored and ceiled by a regular rock. From the ceiling are dependent numer- ous stalactites or excrescences, in the form of pears, whose polished surfaces reflect a torch-light with innumerable hues and uncommon brilliancy. The other cave is on the west side of Rattlesnake Hill, seven miles south- west of the meeting-house. The principal entrance is eleven feet high and four wide. It extends 20 feet into the side of the hill, and after forming a semi- circle of 53 feet in length, passes out on the same side. The manufactures of New Hampshire have increased very rapidly within a few years. There are now more than 40 cotton and woollen manufactories, many of them on an extensive scale. A glass manufactory has been estab- lished at Keene, and there are two iron manufactories at Franconia. The prin- cipal exports from New Hampshire arc lumber, pot and pearl ashes, fish, beef, live cattle, pork, and flax-seed. The market for the northern part of the state, is Portland, for the south-eastern, Portsmouth and Newburyport ; for the coun- try on the Merrimack, Boston ; for the country on the Connecticut, Hartford and Boston. The value of the exports in 1829 was $106,000. New Hampshire has a college at Hanover, styled Dartmouth College, with which a medical school is connected ; a small academical theological institution at New Hampton ; and about 30 incorporated academies, of which the oldest and best endowed is Phillips Academy at Exeter. Common schools are established throughout the state, and for their support a sum, amounting, each year since 1818, to $90,000, is annually raised by a separate tax. The State has a Literary Fund amounting to $64,000, formed by a tax of one half per cent, on thd capital of the banks. The proceeds of this fund, and also an annual income of $9,000 derived from a tax on banks, are appropriated to aid the support of schools. The number of periodical papers in 1831, was 16. There are in this State 21 banks, viz. at Portsmouth, New Hampshire Bank, New Hampshire Union Bank, Rockingham Bank, Portsmouth Bank, Piscata- qua Bank, Commercial Bank ; at Exeter, Exeter Bank ; at Derry, Derry Bank ; at Douer, Strafford Bank, Dover Bank ; at Meredith, Winnipiseogee Bank ; at Concord, Concord Bank, Merrimack Co. Bank ; at Amherst, Farmers' Bank ; at , Manufacturers' Bank ; at Keene, Cheshire Bank ; at Charlestoion, Connecticut River Bank ; at Claremont, Claremont Bank ; at Haverhill, Graf- ton Bank ; at Plymouth, Pemigewasset Bank ; at Lebanon, Lebanon Bank. The Bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at Portsmouth. The first English settlement in New Hampshire, was made near the mouth of the Piscataqua, in 1623. It was formed into a sepa- rate government in 1679, before which it was under the jurisdiction of Massa- chusetts. Constitutio "^ Constitution was established in 1784 ; and in 1792, this consti- and govern- tution was altered and amended, by a convention of delegates held at ""*"'• Concord, and is now in force. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, which, together, are styled The General Court of New Hampshire. Every town, or incorporated township, having 150 ratable polls, may send one representative ; and for every 300 additional polls, it is entitled to an additional representative. The Senate consists of 12 mem- bers, who are chosen by the people in districts. The executive power is vested in a Governor and a Council, which consists of five members. The governor, council, senators, and representatives, are all elected annually, by the people, on the second Tuesday in March ; and their term of service commences on the first Wednesday in June. The General Court meets annually (at Concord) on History. 1^1^ ^^ )ove the base, opens into the )ur feet high, ndcnt numer- shcd surfaces incy. I miles south- high and four rming u semi- pidly within a manufactories, is been estab- lia. The prin- hes, fish, beef, irt of the state, ; for the coun- ticut, Hartford NEW HAMFSIJIHE. 51 the first Wednesday in June. The right of suffrage is granted to every male inhabitant of 21 years of age, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at tlieir own request. Religious Denominations in 1S21. Cliurchca. Ministers. Commit nicanti. Congregationalists, Baptists, . . - Free-will Baptists, Methodists, - - Presbyterians, 146 75 67 11 16 . - 12,867 61 - - 5,279 51 - 4 or 5,000 30 - - 3,180 9 - - 1,499 iends, 13 societies; the Universal- The Christians have 17 ministers ; the Fr ists, about 20 congregations; the Unitarians, 10 ministers; the Episcopalians, 8 ministers ; the Catholics, 2 churches ; the Shakers, 2 societies, and the San- demanians, 1. New Hampshire sends five representatives to Congress. The Governor's annual salary is $1200. 1 College, with ^ical institution lich the oldest )r their support illy raised by a 64,000, formed he proceeds of 1 tax on banks, impshire Bank, Bank, Piscata- /, Derry Bank ; jogee Bank ; at armers' Bank ; it Charlestown, averhill, Graf- inon Bank. 92, this consti- elegates held at is vested in a ;d The General lip, having 150 dditional polls, sts of 12 mem- power is vested The governor, by the people, (imences on the at Concord) on I t fe PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. How is New Hampshire bounded? 2. What is its extent, square miles and population ? 3. What is the population to a square mile ? 4. How many counties does it contain ? — 5. Name them. 6. Which town is the seat of government, and which is the largest ? 7. Name the five principal rivers. 8. How many miles of sea-coast has New Hampshire? 9. What is said of the country for 20 or 30 miles from the sea ? 10. What kind of a country commences then ? 1 1 . What is said of the soil ? 12. What are the principal articles of produce? 13. What can you say of the manufactures? * 14. What was the value of exports in 1829? 15. What is said of common schools, and what is annually raised by tax for their support ? 16. Mention the most remarkable curiosities. 17. How many periodical papers in 1831 ? . " 18. How many banks are there in the State? 19. Where was the first English settlement? 20. What can you say of the legislative power ? 21. How many representatives does each town send ? 22. How many members does the senate consist of, and how chosen ? 23. How is the executive power vested ? 24. When is the annual election ? 25. When and how often does the general court meet ? ' ' 26. Which are the most numerous denominations of Christians ? 27. How many representatives does New Hampshire send to Congress? 28. What is the governor's annual salary ? *-fe&i^> 53 VKRMONT. VERMONT. Vkrmont is bounflod N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; S. by Massachusetts; and W. by New York, from which it is separated in part by lake Champlain. It lies between 42° 44' and 45' N. hit. and l)etween 3° 39' and 5° 31' E. longitude from Washington. It is 157 miles long from N. to S. 90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on the southern, and contains 10,212 square miles. Population to a square mile, 27. TABLK OK THK (WhNTlES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. i8:jo. County Towns. Pop. UL-taiirp frofii Mont- pelier. Addison W 20,409 24,940 Middlebury 3,468 56 Bennington SIC 16,125 17,470 i Bcnninston < ( Manchester 3,419 1,525 119 98 Caledonia ne 16,669 20,967 Danville 2,631 30 Chittenden w 16,055 21,775 Burlington 3,526 38 Essex ne 3,284 3,981 Guildhall 481 78 Franklin nw 17,192 24,525 St. Albans 2,375 64 Grand Isle ntv 3,527 3,696 North Hero 638 68 Orange e 24,681 27,285 Chelsea 1,958 23 Orleans n 6,976 13,980 Irasburgh 860 49 Rutland w 29,983 31,295 Rutland 2,753 67 Washington m 14,113 21,394 MoNTPELIER 1,193 Windham se 28,659 28,758 *Newfane 1,441 108 Windsor e Total _— 38,233 40,623 ( Windsor I Woodstock 3,134 3,044 59 48 225,764 280,679 * The name of the village in which the county buildings are situated is Fayetteville. Popvlation at Different Periods, Population. In 1790, 85,539 1800, 154,465 1810, 217,895 1820, 235,764 1830, 280,679 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 68,826 1800 1810, 63,430 1810 1820, 17,869 1820 1830, 44,915 Slaves. 16 The Green Mountains, from which the state derives its name, come from Massachusetts, and run along the east side of Bennington, Rutland, and Addi- son counties. In Addison county they divide ; the western and principal chain continuing a northerly course, and terminating near the northern boundary of the state ; while the height of land, as it is called, strikes off to the north-east, dividing the waters which flow into the Connecticut from those which fall into lake Memphremagog and lake Champlain. The western range presents much the loftiest summits, but has inequalities which afford a passage for Onion and Lamoil rivers. The soil is for the most part fertile, being generally deep, and of a dark color, moist, loamy, and well watered. The interval lands are esteemed the best ; bordering on these is usually a strip one or two miles wide, which is comparatively poor, but beyond this the land rccovers a fertility nearly equal to that on the rivers. The principal productions are wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn, oats, &c. The principal exports are pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The market for the northern part of the state is Montreal ; for the eastern, Hartford and Boston ; for the western, New York. The amount of exports m 1829 was 808,000 dollars. 1 I VERMONT. 53 pshire ; S. by 'M ed in part by M etweon 3° 39' 1 from N. to S, H ntains 10,2] 1 Ui.-taiicp from Mont- pelier. i - ■ V 56 M 119 "M 98 M 30 *f 38 78 64 ■■;' 68 23 '':i 49 67 108 59 48 i tteville. ,f. Slaves. 16 ', come from > d, and Addi- J, incipal chain 'j boundary of | e north-east, ^ lich fall into | esents much ;| r Onion and « ly deep, and *^ il lands are miles wide. J •tility nearly | barley, rye, ashes, beef, i the state is I New York 1 The principal rivers within the .state tiro riiinioilo, Onion, Otter Creek, Mi.sis- que, Deerfield, VVhite, Blar':, and Pasunisic Fort Dummcr, in the south-oast part of Vermont, was built in ^^. 1724 ; and licnnington, the oldest town in the state, was chartered in 1749, by Benning VVontworth, go^ttor of Now Hampshire. The territory of Vi'rmont was W^iually claimed both by New Hampshire and New York ; and its political condition was, for a considerable time, unset- tled ; hut the pooi)lc preferring to have- a separate govornment, formed a consti- tution in 1777, under which a government was organized in March, 1788 ; and in 1791, Vermont was admitted into the unitjn. The tirst constitution of this state was formed in 1777 ; the one ^,','^1'^^^"^;;!" now in ojioration was adopted on the 4th of July, 1793. tutimi. The legislative power is vested in a singk. body, a house of repri'sentativos, elected annually, on the first Tuesday in ►Scptomber, every town in the state l)cin<' entitled to send one representative. Tlio representatives meet (at Mont- pelicr) aimually on the second Thursday of the October succeeding their elec- tion, and aic styled The General Assembly of the State of Vermont. The executive power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, who are all chosen annually by the freemen on the first Tuesday in September, and their term of office commences on the second Thursday in October. They are empowered to commission all officers; to .sit as judges to consider and determine on impeachments ; to prepare and lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary ; and have power to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the hou.se of representatives. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every man of the full age of 21 years, who has resided in the state for the space of one whole year, next before the election of representatives, and is of quiet and peaceable behavior. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court consisting of three judges ; and of a county court of thrce judges for each county. The iudges of the supreme, county, and probate courts, sheriffs, and justices of tue peace, are elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors, consisting of 13 persons, are chosen every seven years (first elected in 1799) on the last Wednesday in March, and meet on the first Wednesday in June. Their duty is to inquire whether the constitution has been preserved inviolate ; whether the legislative and executive branches of government have performed their duty as guardians of the people ; whether the public taxes have been justly laid and collected ; in what manner the public moneys have been disposed of; and whether the laws have been faithfully executed. There are in this state 10 banks, viz. Bank of Burlington, of Windsor, of Brattleborough, of Rutland, of Montpclier, of St. Albans, of Caledonia, of Ver- gonnes, of Orange county, of Bennington. Note. The bank of the United States has an office of discount and deposit at Burlington. There arc two colleges in Vermont, at Burlington and Middlebury ; medical schools at Burlington and Castleton ; and about 20 incorpo- rated academies in the state, where young men may be fitted for college. Common schools are supported throughout the state. The money raised by the general law for the support of schools, at 3 per cent, on the grand list (the valuation for ta.xes,) would be about 851,119 42 ; and about as much more is supposed to bo raised by school district taxes. The state has a literary fund, derived principally fnim a tax of 6 per cent, on the annual profits of the banks ; the amount on loan in September, 1829, was $23,763 32. The Congregationalists have 13 associations, 203 churches, 110,jg,j ^„gjg. pastors, 35 unsettled ministers, 10 licentiates, and 17,236 communi- nomina- cants; the Baptists, 105 churches, 56 pastoi-s, 8 licentiates, and ''""'• **"• S4 MASSAClllJSKT'l'S. 8,478 communicuiils ; the Molliodists, 11 ministers und 8,577 coinniuiiicunts ; the Episcopalians, 15 niinistcrs ; iIk; Unitnriiins, M societies and 1 minister; and there art; some Fr(;e.will Haj '^.ts. Christians, and UniversuUsts. The numher of |)eriodieal papers in 1830 was 13. Vermont sends 5 representativ( sto congress. The governor's salary is $750. I'RACTK'AL QUESTIONS ON VERMONT. 1. How is Vermont bounded f 2. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does it lie 1 3. What is its leni^h, breadth, square miles, and population in 1830? — Popu- lation to a squar(! mile ? 4. How many counties does it contain ? 5. What is said of the soil ] 6. What are the principal productions? 7. What the principal exports? — Rivers? 8. What was the amount of exports in .1829? 9. By what states was Vermont originally claimed 1 10. In what is the legislative power vested ? 11. How many representatives is each town in the state allowed to send? 12. In whom is the executive power vested? 13. To whom docs the constitution grant the right of suffrage? 14. What is said of the council of censors and their duty? 15. How many banks are there in the state? 16. At which town is the branch of the United States Bank? 17. How many colleges, and where locaiod? 18. What is said in regard to the support of common schools? 19. How many representatives docs Vermont send to congress? 20. What is the governor's salary ? MASSACHUSETTS. I W > ARMS OF MASSACHUSETTS. Massachusetts is bounded N. by Vermont and New Hampshire ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and W. by New- York. It lies between 41° 23' and 43° 52' N. lat. and between 3° 33' and 7° 10' E. longi- tude from Washington. It contains 7,350 square miles, or 4,(544,000 acres. V MASSACnUSETTl^. 55 miiumiicuiils ; ^B (1 1 minister; M ' sts. ;JJ * t is divided into 14 counties, and '290 towns. It hns on an average Rl jxirsons lach square mile, and is the most thickly settled state in the union. ulary is $750. m TABLE OF THE C(^|^^IESj\NI) COUNTY TOWNS. Couiitioa MnloH. Kinittleii. m tot. Top. County TowiiH. Pop- Uiitaneo rroiri lloaton. SutVolk e 'Jd-riHt; 1 31,«U3 \9 (;2,162 Boston 61,392 -'.<^ I Saliiu - Ncwlmryport / Ipswich 13,886 14 <^ Essex ne 3'J,431 42,929 527 82,887 6,388 2,951 37 27 1830?— Popu. Middlesex m 38,107 39,343 513 77,968 \ Camhridfje ( Concord 6,071 2,017 3 17 Plymouth e 20,905 21, 078 410 42,993 riymouth 4,751 36 Norfolk e ;>0,136 2lJ29f) 169 41,901 Dediiam 3,057 10 Bristol 9 :23,36f) 25,178 930 49,474 5 New Bedford / 'i'aunton 7,592 6,045 58 32 Barnstable se 13,!)07 14,363 165 28,525 Barnstable 3,975 68 Nantucket se 3,33!) 3,584 279 7,202 Nantucket 7,202 100 Dukes se 1,702 1,768 48 3,5 IH Ed-rartown 1,509 97 Worcester m 41,515 42,449 371 84,365 Worcester 4,172 39 Hampshire wm 14,'J!tl) 14,!)95 225 30,210 Northampton 3,613 91 Hampden sw 15,288 10,003 349 31,640 Springfield 6,784 87 cd to send ? Franklin iiw 14,447 14,71)5 132 29,314 (ireentield 1,540 95 ? Berkshire jo ntai 18,310 lh,510 1,005 37,825 Lenox 1,355 133 2!)4,44!) 308,559 7,006 610,014 Population of Massachusetts at different periods. In 1800, 422,845. » 1810, 472,040. Increase from 1800 to 1810, 49,195 « 1820, 523,287. " " 1810 to 1820, 51,247 " 1830, 610,014. " » 1820 to 1830, 86,727 Boston is tlic chief town. The other most considerable maritime towns are Salem, Newburyporf, Marblchead, Heverly, Gloucester, Cbarlestown, Plymouth, and New Bedford. Worcester, Northampton, Siirinirfield, Greenfield, Pitts- held, Haverhill, Dedham, Lowell, Taunton, Concord, and many others are pleasant and flourishinif inliind towns. Th(; principal rivers arc the Connecticut, Merrimack, Concord, Nashua, Charles, Mystic, Neponsct, Taunton, Chickapee, Deerfield, Westfield, Miller's, and Ilousatonic. The Middlesex Canal, which connects Boston harbor with the Merrimack, is 30 miles long. It was completed in 1804, and was at that time the most consid- erable canal in the United States. Blackstone canal extends from Worcester to Providence, and is 45 miles in length. Several different companies have been recently incorporated by the legisla- ture of this state for the purpose of constructing rail-roads ; one from Boston to Worcester ; another from Boston to the river Hudson ; another from Boston to Connecticut river ; another from Boston to Providence by Pawtucket ; another from Boston to Taimton ; another from Boston to Low ell ; another from Boston to Lake Ontario, New York ; another from West Stockbridge to the boundary line of the state of New York. .. e ; E. by the York. It lies 10' E. longi- 4,000 acres. a PIUJFIIX VIKU (JF •J'lll', MAtJt^ACIR'i-ETP.-^ UAIL lloAlt. 50 MASSACIILME'I'TS. !j t m f'^ M :o Diiiiu rolls |)(inil.s. om iiortli to south, through the aiti tukrs thi^ iiiiino of lloosiic c and Takoiiiiack iiiountaiiis. The an! V\'achust't, in Priiicttoii, Mount The princi|)ul islands urn Nantucket mul Mnrthu's V'inoynrd. Tho mosi noted cnpcs uro Cnpc Ann, Cnpc Cod, and ('a|)(' Malahar. 'l"h(> most consid- erable bays are Miissachusctts, Cap*- Cod, FSariistabIc, I'lyinoiitli, and Huz/urd's bays. There are no larjf(! lakes, but tlu Tho range of the Green Mountains |)i western part of this state. The princ mountain. The hi;^hest sutninits an; Sik other most noted mountains in the stati Tom and Mount Ilolyoke, near Northampton, and Mount Toby, in Simdcrland. The general as[)eet of the country is interesting, atlbrding many highly varied and extensive prospects^ Tlie face of the country is greatly diversified. The south-eastern purl is mostly level. Theri; an; also level districts of small extent in the vicinity of the Merrimack in the north-cast. Salt marshes arc numerous in tlu; maritime parts, though not very extensive. Most of that part bordering on the sea-coast, and extending into the interior as fur as the county of Worcester, may be regarded as the level division, exhibiting no very considerable elevations. The five western counties of Worcester, Hampshire, Franklin, Hampden, and Berk- shire, present the greatest irregularity of surface, ond constitute the higlilands of the state. These counties, however, abound in vast tracts ol" elevated lands diversified with gentli; swells, in large districts of pinc-pluins, in valleys of various extent, us well as in wide intervals, porticularly on Connecticut river. The soil is exceedingly various, comprising every description from the most fertile to the most unj)r()ductive. In the south-eastern part it is mostly light and sandy, interspersed, however, with numerous fertile tracts. In the middle and northern parts, toward the sea-coast, it is of a much better quality, though not generally distinguished for its natural fertility ; but by excellent cultivation, n great portion of it is rendered highly ])roductive. The middle and western parts have generally a strong rich soil, excellent for grazing, and suited to most of the purposes of agriculture. Tho state is almost universally well watered. The streams of every description are remarkably clear and beautiful. The farms generally consist of from 100 to 300 acres, and are, for the most part, well cultivated. In no part of the United States have there been greater ad- vances made in agricultural improvements than in Massachusetts. The country is intersected in every direction by roads, which are kept in a good state of repair. The principal productions are, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, barley, peas, beans, buck-wheat, potatoes, hops, flax, and hemp. Beef, pork, butter, and cheese are abundant in most parts of the state, and of excellent quality. The county of Berkshire, in particular, is distinguished for its extensive dairies. The state abounds with orchards, and great quantities of cider are annually made, which is the common beverage of the inhabitants. The principal culti- vated fruits are apples, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, and currants. Gardening is an object of attention throughout the state, and all the hortulan vegetables suited to the climate, together with a variety of domestic fruits, are, in this way, extensively cultivated. Massachusetts is the most commercial state in the Union, except New York. The greatest part of the fisheries in the United States belong to this state. The principal articles of export are fish, beef, lumber, pork, ardent spirits, flax-seed, whale oil, spermaceti, and various manufactures. The total amount in 1829, was 8,255,000 dollars. This state holds the second rank in point of manufactures. The most con- siderable are those of cotton cloths, boots and shoes, ardent spirits, leather, cordage, wrought and cast iron, nails, woollens, ships, straw bonnets, hats, cabinet work, paper, oil, and muskets. There is an extensive national estab- lishment for the manufacture of arms at Springfield. In 1831 there were in s^ MASSACI 11' .SETTS. 57 J. Tho most most cnnsid- iiul liii/./aiirs ti, through the \no of iloosHC iiiitains. The net ton, Mount n SuiKlcrliind. higl)ly varied ■•■'? nstcni |)urt is V lie vifiiiity of f tho riiitritinne ''■. the sea-coast, 'stor, niny te vat ions. The en, and Berk- tlio liiffhiands !levatod lands in valleys of 'cticut river. Voin the most 3 mostly light In the middle nt cultivation, 1 and western suited to most well watered. uitiful. The 10 most part, 1 greater ad- The country ;ood state of barley, peas, c, butter, and iiality. The jsive dairies. '■ are annually 1 incipal culti- nd currants. • ,-f the hortulan i c fruits, are, 1 • 1 % New York. ! state. The * ts, flax-seed. ant in 1829, c most con- ' 1 rits, leather, k )nncts, hats, i ional estab- •■ i ere were in m this state «'50 cotton milU, with n ciipitul of r.i,b91,UU0 u.)llars, muking annually 79,U:U, 000 yards of cloth. The principal mines are tliosi^ of iron, which are Hmnd in various parts, and there are numerous establishments for mimuliicturing iron. The cotmtii's of Plymouth and Hrisfol afford ereat qu/inlities of this mineral, and there ore several rich iron mines in thf! <-oimI^ of Hcrkshin;. A lead mine is found at South Hadloy, and at some other places. Orhres and other fossil productions have l»een found in various places. (Juarries of gtiod marble are found in Lanesborough, Sfockbridge, Pittstield, Sludicld, and several other places in Herksliin^ county. Then; an; (juarries of slate at Lancaster, Harvard, and Uernardston, and of soap-stone at Middlelield. Lime-stone is found in great abundance in the county of Herkshire, and Irec-stone in all parts of the state, (rreat (piantities of beautiful stone for building are obtained from Chelmslbrd and Tyngsliorough. The climate of Massachusetts is subject to the extremes of hcnt and cold, 'llie air, however, is generally dry, serene, and healthy. The thermometer in summer is frequently observed to exceed 77"^ fur Ibrt;, or filly_ days together; and sometimes rises to 100°. There are in this state 06 banks: i Ml ariiount of nipiral paid in, $20,420,000. Ul" these, 10 are in Boston, includin.^ a branch of ilus I'nited States Bank, 6 at ►Salem, 2 at New Bedford, 2 at Newburypc.', 2 jn Worcester, and tlio rest are scattered through the state with but on'^ in a to'-n. The principal literary institutions are Il.-irvaid L'nivor iry i.i Cam- _, .. 1 " ' 1 • 1 1 • 1 1 1- 1 .1 1 • II Education. bridge, connected with which there arc medical, tlieoln'ri ,.,,, and law schools; Williams College at Williamstown ; Amhei t Coliege at Amherst; Massachusetts Medical College in Boston conr ■ "< I with Ilarva > University; Berkshire Medical Institution connected with vViiinms College; tho Theologi- cal Seminaries at Andover and Newton; Round iiill School at Northam:^to'>, Berkshire Gymnasium nt Pittsfield, and Mount Pleasant Classical Institution at Amherst. There are also 56 incorporated a tti tion "^^^^ constitution of this state was framed in 1780, and amended in and govern 1821. Tho legislative powcr is vested in a senate and house of ""*"'■ representatives, which together are styled The General Court of Mas- sachusetts. The members of the house of representatives are elected annually in May ; and they must be chosen ton days at leaslp|)efore the last Wednesday of that month. Every corporate town having 150 ratable polls may elect one repre- sentative, and another for every additional 225 ratable polls. The senate consists of 40 members, who are chosen, by districts, annually, on the first Monday in April. The supreme executive magistrate is styled The Governor of the Common- wealth of Massachusetts, and has the title of " His Excellency." The governor is elected annually by the people on the first Monday of April, and at the same time a lieutenant-governor is chosen, who has the title of " His Honor." The governor is assisted in the executive part of government by a council of nine members, who are chosen, by the joint ballot of the senators and represent- atives, from the senators ; and in case the persons elected, or any of them, decline the appointment, the deficiency is supplied from among the people at large. The general court meets (at Boston) on the last Wednesday of May, and also in January. The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen, 21 years of age and upwards (excepting paupers and persons under guardianship,) who has resided within the common-wealth one year, and within the town or district in which he may claim a right to vote, six calendar months next preceding any election, and who has paid a state or county tax, assessed upon him within two years next preceding such election ; and also every citizen who may be by law exempted from taxation, and who may be, in all other respects, qualified as above mentioned. The judiciary is vested in a supreme court, a court of common pleas, and such other courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the council, and hold their offices during good behavior. Massachusetts sends 12 representatives to congress. The governor's salary is $3,666 67. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MASSACHUSETTS. 1. How many square miles does Massachusetts contain? 2. How many inhabitants does it contain to a square mile ? 3. How many counties ? — Population in 1830? 4. Chief towns and rivers ? 5. Mention the principal islands and capes. — 6. Mountains. 7. Describe the face of the country. 8. What is said in regard to manufactures and commerce? 9. What are the principal minerals, and where found? 10. What is said of the climate ? 11. How many banks arr there in Massachusetts? ^ 12. How many of them arc in Boston? 13. Mention tlm principal literary institutions. 14. What is said in regard to common schools? 15. Give an account of the first English settlement in New England. 16. In what is the legislative power vested? 17. When is the annual (flection for representatives, and when for senators? 18. By whom is the governor assisted in tho executive part of his office ? ind amended in and house of 1 Court of Mas- lually in May ; Inesday of that lect one repre- ricts, annually, the Common- The governor nd at the same 'His Honor." )y a council of and represent- any of them, the people at y of May, and ars of age and 'ho has resided strict in which g any election, hin two years ay be by law ;s, qualified as ion pleas, and are appointed ncil, and hold ernor's salary ■^5. gland. "or senators ? lis office .' RHODE ISLAND. 19. When and where does the general court meet? 20. To whom is the right of sullrage granted 1 21. How many representatives docs Massachusetts send to congress 1 22. What is the governor's salary ? 59 RHODE ISLAND. ARMS OF RHODE ISLAND. Length -40 miles. Breadth, 29. Contains 1350 square miles. Bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts ; S. by the Atlantic ; W. by Connecticut. Between 41° 22' and 42° 3' N. L. and 5° 7' and 5° 54' E. L. from Washington. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. 1830. Distance from Providence. Providence n Newport se Washington sw Kent m Bristol € Total 35,786 15,771 15,687 10,228 5,637 47,014 16,534 15,414 12,784 5,466 Providence Newport South Kingston East Greenwich Bristol 16,832 8,010 3,663 1,591 3,054 30 31 15 15 83,059 97,212 Population. In 1790, 68,825 1800, 69,122 1810, 76,931 1820, 83,059 1830, 97,212 Popvlation at different periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 1800 1810, 1810 1820, 1820 1830, Slaves 948 297 380 7,809 108 6,128 48 14,153 14 Population to a square mile, 75, being the second state in the Union in point of a dense population. The rivers are Pawtucket, Providence, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood river. Narraganset bay extends up from S. to N. between the main land on the E. and W., and embosoms many pleasant and fertile islands; among 60 RHODE ISLAND. 'wmw Mi' m -'f^ which are Rhode Island, from which the state derives its name, Canonicut, Prudence, Patience, Hope, Dyer's, and Hog Islands. Block Island, ofF the coast in the Atlantic, is the most southerly land belongin/^ to the state. The most considerable towns are Providence, Newport, Bristol, Warren, South Kingston, East Greenwich, Smithtield, and the villages of Pawtucket, and Pawtuxet. The harbors aie Newport, Providence, Wickford, Pawtuxet, Bristol, and Warren. The face of the country is mostly level, except in the north-west part, which is hilly and rocky. The soil is generally better adapted to grazing than till- age. A large proportion of the western and north-western part of the state has a thin and lean soil ; but the islands and the country bordering on Narra- ganset bay, are of great fertility, and are celebrated for their fine cattle, their numerous flocks of sheep, and the abundance and excellence of their butter and cheese. Here are found some of the finest cattle in New England. Cider is made for exportation. Corn, rye, barley, oats, and in some places wheat, are produced in sufficient quantities for home consumption ; and the various kinds of grasses, fruits, culinary roots and plants, in great abundance and per- fection. The rivers and bays swarm with a variety of excellent fish. Iron ore is found in large quantities in several parts, and some copper ; there is also an abundance of limestone, particularly in the county of Providence. The manufactures of Rhode Island are extensive. They consist chiefly of iron, cotton, woollen, paper, and hats. In 1831 there were in Rhode Island 116 cotton manufactories, with an ag- gregate capital, including cost of land, water power, buildings and machinery, of $6,262,340. These establishments consume annually 10,415,578 pounds of cotton, and make 37,121,681 yards of cloth. Persons employed in them, 8,500, including women and children : aggregate amount of their wages, $1,177,527. There are likewise in this state 5 bleacheries, and two establish- ments for printing cali(!oes connected with the cotton manufactories, with an aggregate capital of $632,375, making the grand total of 6,794,715 dollars, employed in the manufacture of cotton. The amount of capital employed in the manufacture of iron and steel, is $802,666, divided among 10 founderies and 30 machine-shops. Cost of establishments for the manufiicture of wool in this state, including land, water-power, buildings, stock in trade &c., is $263,000. The exports consist chiefly of flaxseed, lumber, horses, cattle, beef, pork, fish, poultry, onions, butter, cheese, barley, grain, spirits, and cotton and linen goods. They amounted, in 1829, to 390,000 dollars. The climate of this state is as healthy as that of any part of America ; and it is more temperate than the climate of any of the other New England states, particularly on the islands, where the breezes from the sea have the effect not only to mitigate the heat in summer, but to moderate the cold in winter. The summei are delightful, especially on the island of Rhode Island. In Rhode Island thei-e are 51 banks, including a branch of the United States bank: of which 11 are in Providence; the others are in various parts of the state. The amount of capital stock is $6,732,296. Brown University is situated at Providence; at the same place thei'e is a seminary styled the Friends' Boarding School ; and there are 8 or 10 academies in ihe state. Increasing attention has of late been paid to education, and the state now pays annually, for the support of fi-ee .schools, the sum of $10,000, which is divided among the several towns according to population. There are in the state 10 periodical papers. The fdllowing was the number of the various religious denominations in this state, in 1881. The Baptists had 16 churches, 12 ministers, 2,600 communi- Kdiicatinn. Tsir ■■■■I •■Sr RHODE ISLAND. 61 e, Canonicut, land, off the ;tate. itol, Warren, f Pawtucket, d, Pawtuxef, t part, which ng than till- of the state ig on Narra- 3 cattle, their * their butter »land. Cider )laces wheat, 1 the various ince and per- Ssh. copper ; there rovidence. ist chiefly of with an ag- 1 machinery, 1,578 pounds yed in them, their wages, wo establish- ries, with an ,715 dollars, employed in founderies ture of wool ade &c., is beef, pork, m and linen merica ; and land states, le effect not inter. The nited States (arts of the same place and there e heen paid ee -schools, jcording to ions in this communi- cants; the Methodists, 10 preachers, and 1,100 members; the Congregation- alists, 10 churches, 10 ministers, and 1,000 communicants; the Unitarians, 2 sociotios, and 2 ministers; the Sabbatarians, about 1,000 communicants , the Six-Principle Baptists, about 8 churches, and about 800 communicants ; the Frier;l.> nre considerably numerous ; and there are some Universalists, and 1 Ron: iu Catholic church. The settlement of this state was commenced at Providence, in 163G, by the celebrated Rog(;r Williams, a minister who war banished from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions ; and in 16.*38 the settlement of the island of Rhode Island was begun by William Coddington, John Clarke, and others. In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England, and obtained, in 1764, a charter, by which the settlements of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations were united under one government, and which continued in force till 1663, when a new charter was gi'anted by Charles II., which has ever since formed the basis of the government. Rhode Island is the only state in the Union which is without a covern- written constitution. ""'"'• The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The house of representatives consists of 72 members, 6 from Newport, 4 from each of the towns of Providence, Portsmouth, and Warwick, and two from each of the other towns in the state ; and they are elected semi-annually in April and August. The senate consists of 10 members, who are elected annually in April. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually in April. A lieutenant-governor is also elected, on whom the executive duties de- volve in case of the office of governor being vacated. The general assembly meets four times a year ; at Newport on the first Wednesday in May, (the commencement of the political year,) and by ad- journment, at the same place, in June. It meets on the last Wednesday in October, alternately at Providence and South Kingston ; and by adjournment, in January, at East Greenwich, Bristol, or Providence. The judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. This state sends two representatives to congress. The governor's annual salary is 400 dollars. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON RHODE ISLAND. 1. What is the length and breadth of Rhode Island? 2. How many counties does it contain ? • .3. What was the total population of the state in 1830? 4. What was the increase of the population between 1820 and 1830? .5. Name the principal rivers, bays, and islands. 6. What are the principal towns and harbors ? 7. Describe the face of the country. 8. What are some of the principal productions? 9. What are the principal minerals ? 10. What is the number of cotton factories ? 11. What their aggregate capital ? 12. How much cloth do they make annually ? ' 13. How many banks are there in Rhode Island? 14. How many of these are in Providence ? 15. What can you say in regard to education ? 16. Which is the most numerous denomination of Christians in this state ? 17. What is said in regard to the history of the state ? 62 CONNECTICUT. 18. What cliartor now forms the basis of the government? 19. In what is the legislative power vested ? 20. Of what docs the liousc of representatives consist ? 21. Of what the senate ? 22. How often does the general assembly meet? 23. How are the judges appointed ? 24. How many representatives does this state send to congress ? 25. What is the governor's salary ? CONNECTICUT. I ARMS OF CONNECTICUT. Connecticut is bounded N. by Massachusetts ; E. by Rhode Island ; S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York. It lies between 41° and 42° 2' N. lat. and between 3° 16' and 5° 11' E. longitude from Washington. It is 90 miles long, 70 broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. f f ,m TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1R20. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Dist. fVom Hartford. Fairfield stc Hartford nm Litchfield nw Middlesex sm New Haven sm New London sc Tolland nm Windham ne 8 Total 42,739 47,264 41,267 22,405 39,616 35,943 14,330 25,331 46,950 51,141 42,855 24,845 43,848 42,295 18,700 27,077 i Fairfield ( Banbury Hartford Litchfield i Middletown I Haddam New Haven ^ New London ( Norwich Tolland Brooklyn 4,226 4,311 7,076 4,456 6,892 3,025 10,180 4,356 3,144 1,698 1,413 55 61 31 14 25 34 42 38 17 41 275,248 297,711 % # CONNECTICUT. 63 Island; S. and 42° 2' ton. It is by N. 90 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 13,056 1800 1810, 10,940 1810 1820, 13,306 1820 1830, 22,463 Slave*. 2,764 954 310 97 Population at Different Periods. ro|iuiuti()ii. In 1790, 237,946 1800, 251,002 1810, 261,942 1820, 275,248 1830, 297,711 The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Housatonic, Thame.s, Farmington, and Naugatuck. The principal harbors are those of New London and New Haven. Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the northern border of the state, 57 miles, where it unites with the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, which leads to ^Vcstfield, and it is to be continued to Northampton — whole length, 87 miles. Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London, and Norwich are incor- porated cities ; Bridgeport, Danbury, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stam- ford, Stonington, and Waterbury, boroughs. The face of the country is greatly diversified by mountains, hills and valleys. There are but few level tracts, nor any considerable mountains. The greatest elevation is a range of small mountains on the west side ol' Connecticut river, l>eing a continuation of the Green Mountains. The hills are generally of mod- erate size, and occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveller an ever- varying prospect. The soil is generally rich and fertile, though intermixed with portions that are comparatively thin and barren ; and the whole is well watered. It is gen- erally in a state of good cultivation, resembling, in many parts, a well culti- vated garden. The principal productions arc Indian corn, rye, wheat in many parts, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in large quantities, some hemp, potatoes, pumpkins, turnips, peas, beans, &c. Orchards are very numerous, and cider is made fur exportation. The state is, however, generally better adapted to grazing thiui to tillage ; and its fine meadows and pastures enable the farmers to feed great numbers of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity of but- ter and cheese made annually is great, and of well-known excellence. Beef and pork of superior quality, arc also abundant. The state is generally laid out in small farms, from 50 to 300 and 400 acres. It is intersected by numer- ous roads, which arc generally kept in a good state of repair ; and is the third state in the Union in point of dense population, containing 62 to a square mile. Though exposed to the extremes of heat and cold, and to sudden changes of temperature, the country is very healthful. The north-west winds, which pre- vail during the winter, are keen, but the serenity of the sky during the same s,jason, makes amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. In the maritime towns, the weather is particularly variable, changing as the wind blows from sea or land ; in the inland country it is less so. The foreign trade of this state is principally with the West Indies : but its coasting trade is the most considerable. Its exports consist of beef, pork, cat- tle, horses, mules, butter, cheese, maize, rye, flax-seed, fish, candles, and soap. The whole amount, in 1829, was 458,000 dollars. Almost all the produce of the western part of the state is carried to New York. Mines of ditferent kinds have been found in this state, but in general they have not been wrought to any c(Misid('rable extent. There is a lead mine on the Connecticut, two miles frr)iii IMiddletown, which was wrought during the revolutionary war. Copper mines have been discovered and opened in several places, but having proved unprolitabh-, have been neglected. Iron mines abound in many parts, and are productive. A quarry of valuable stone is found in Chatham, and one of marlile in Milford. At' Staflbrd is a mineral spring, the most celebrated in New England. ^-^ 64 CONNECTICUT. Education. Connecticut has considerable manufactures of various descriptions, consisting of wool, cotton, paper, iron in different forms, glass, snuff, powder, button^', hats, clocks, &c. Tin-ware is extensively manulactured, and sent to all parts of the United States. In 1832 there were in the state 94 cotton manufactories, with a capital of $2,825,000, making annually 2,055,500 yards of cloth. There are, likewise, more than 40 woollen manufactories in this state. The total value of all kinds of manufactures in 1830 was $1,442,878. There are in Connecticut 14 banks, including a branch of the United States Bank at Hartford. The amount of bank stock in 1830 was $3,064,780. T.iC colleges in Connecticut are Yale College, at New Haven, which has connected with it medical, theological, and law schools ; Wash- ington College, at Hartford; and Wesleyan College or University, recently founded at Middletown. At Hartford is the American Asylum for the Educa- tion of the Deaf and DUmb; and there are other respectable literary seminaries and academies at New Haven, Hartford, and various other places. This state possesses an important School Fund, which was derived from the sale of lands, reserved by Connecticut, in the state of Ohio, and which amounted on the first of April, 1829, to $1,882,261 68. The income of this fund is appropriated to the su[)port of primary schools. In the year ending March 31, 1829, the sum of $72,161 15 was divided among the different free schools throughout the state. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 16, hi 1828, was 84,899; and the dividends amounted to 85 cents to each child. The number of periodical presses in 1831 was 30. Religious de- The Congregationalists have 236 ministers and 36 licentiates; the nominationB. Baptists, ©9 churches, 78 ministers, 14 licentiates, and 9,732 com- municants ; the Episcopalians, 59 ministers ; the Methodists, 40 ministers, and 7,000 communicants; there are also several societies of Friends, several of Universalists, two of Unitarians, one of Catholics, one of Shakers and some Free-will Baptists, and a few Sandemanians. The territory of Connecticut originally comprised two colonies; the colony of Connecticut, and the colony of New Haven. The settlement of Hartford, in the colony of Connecticut, was commenced by emigrants from Massachusetts, in 1635; and that of New Haven, in 1638, by emigrants from England. In 1662, a charter was granted by Charles II., with ample privileges, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven under one government ; but the colony of New Haven -refused, for some time, to accept the charter, and the union did not take place till 1665. The charter was suspended, in 1687, by Sir Edmund Andros; but it was restored again after the revolution of 1688 in England ; and it formed the basis of the government till 1818. Constitution ^he charter granted in 1662 by Charles II., formed the basis of the and govern- government of Connecticut till 1818, when the present constitution ""■"*■ was framed. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of the house of representatives are chosen by the different towns in the state : the more ancient towns, the majority of the whole num- ber, send each two representatives; the rest only one each. The present number is 208. The senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, who are chosen by districts. The present number is 21. The executive power is vested in n governor. A lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor devolve in case of his death, resignation, nr absence. History. i CONNECTICUT. 65 ins, consisting vdcr, buttons', It to all parts h a capital of are, likewise, leof all kinds United States 164,780. Haven, which lools; Wash- 3ity, recently )r the Educa- ry seminaries ived from the lich amounted •" this fund is ng March 31, free schools of 4 and 16, each child. lentiates; the I 9,732 com- ninisters, and s, several of !rs and some }}^ :'vM The representatives, senators, governor, and lieutenant-governor are all elected annually by the people on the first Monday in April. The general assembly has one stated session every year, on the first Wed- nesday in May, alternately at Hartford (1831) and at New Haven (1332). " Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have gained a settlement in this state, attained the age of 21 years, and resided in the town in which he may offer himself to be admitted to the privilege of an elector, at least six months preceding, and have a freehold estate.of the yearly value of seven dollars, in this state ; or having been enrolled in the militia, shall have jK-rformed military duty therein for the term of one year next preceding the time he shall offer himself for admission, or being liable thereto, shall have been, by authority of law, excused therefrom ; or shall have paid a state tax within the year next preceding the time he shall present himself for such ad- mission, and shall sustain a good moral character, shall, on his taking such an oath as may be prescribed by law, be an elector." The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errora, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the general assembly ; and those of the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their otfices during good behavior ; but not beyond the age of 70 yef,rs. No person is compelled to join, or support, or to be classed with, or associ- ated to any congregation, church, or religious association. But every person may be compelled to pay his proportion of the expenses of the society to which he; may belong : he may, however, separate himself from the society by leaving a written notice of his wish with the clerk of such society. The governor's annual salary is 1100 dollars. This state sends six representatives to congress. colonies; the commenced von, in 1636, eges, uniting ent; but the irtcr, and the but it was formed the e basis of the constitution te and house y. the different whole num- The present !4 members, srnor is also he governor 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON CONNECTICUT. How is Connecticut bounded ? What was the population in 1830? How many counties does it contain 1 Which is the most populous city ? / What is said of the Farmington Canal ? What is said of the face of the country ? — Soil and productions ? How does Connecticut rank in point of a dense population ? What are its principal exports ? — What was the amount in 1829? Mention the principal articles manufactured. How many cotton manufactories were there in 1832? What was the amount of capital employed in them ? How many yards of cloth do they make annually ? How many banks are there in Connecticut ? Mention the principal literary institutions. What was the amount of the school fund in 1829? Prom what was the school fund derived ? Which denomination of Christians is the most numerous ? " What can you say of the history of the state ? What formed the basis of the government of Connecticut till 1818 ? When is the annual election for governor, senators, and representatives ? When and how often does the general assembly meet? What is a necessary qualification for an elector ? What is the governor's salary ? How many representatives does Connecticut send to con«rress 1 I m GO pi* I NEW YORK. NEW YOUK. i^ •>. : 4.. ^. ...■,! ARMS OF NEW YORK. ' Nbw York is the most northern of the middle states, and the most populous state in the Union. It is bounded N. by lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence and Lower Canada ; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut ; S. by the Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania ; W. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and the Niagara. Between 30° 45' and 45° N. latitude; and 2° 51' VV. and 5° E. longitude from Washington. Length, 316 miles. Breadth, 304. Con- taining 47,000 square miles. Population to a square mile, 40. ■; ,■■)• '■■'4 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. South District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance fr. Albany. Columbia e 38,330 39,952 Hudson 5,395 29 Duchess se 46,615 50,926 Poughkeepsie 7,222 75 Greene em 22,996 29,525 Catskill 4,861 34 King's s 11,187 20,537 Flatbush 1,143 156 New York s 123,706 203,007 New York 203,007 151 Orange s 41,213 45,372 { Goshen ( Newburgh 3,361 6,424 105 96 Putnam se 11,268 12,701 Carmel 2,379 106 Queen's s 21,519 22,276 N. Hempstead 174 Richmond s 6,135 7,084 Richmond 167 Rockland s 8,837 9,388 Clarkstown 2,298 122 Suffolk se 24,272 26,980 Suffolk C. H. 225 SuUivan s 8,900 12,372 Monticello 113 Ulster sm 30,934 36,551 Kingston 4,170 58 Westchester se 14 Total S. Dist. 32,638 36,456 Bedford 2,750 135 428,550 537,041 .» ,< ► '■ 195 Ui stance fr. Albany. 29 122 75 !61 34 43 156 107 151 61 105 24 96 79 106 174 167 98 122 225 113 70 58 50 135 NKW V»-»RK. Q TARLh or • niK COUNTIKS AND COUNTY 'l-OWNS. — ( 'diitinuti/. ~3«,ri6 North Di.sfricl. Cniintieii. t Albniiy f?fl 53,560 County 'I'dwnH. Pop. UiKlaiire fr. Allmny. Ar,n.\NY 24,238 Allf'iiliariy will 9,330 2(i,21H Angelica 99H 2.5(5 llroonic sill 11,100 17,5M-J Hinghampton 1,203 145 (,'at(araiigns will 4,000 16,726 L':ilicoltsvillo 626 292 (.'ayuga III 38,M97 47,947 Aidunn 4,486 166 t'hataijqiu; w 12,568 34,057 Mayville 33(J (.'li('iiaiiiL;»» sill 31,215 37,401 IVorwich 3,774 110 Clinton m 12,070 19,344 I'lattshm-g 4,913 162 Cortland III 16,507 23,603 Cortlandvillc 3,573 142 1 Delaware sin 26,587 32,933 Delhi 2,114 77 l-:ri« w 15,668 35,710 Hiillalo 8,653 284 lissex nc 12,811 19,387 I'ilizabethtown 1,729 120 Franklin 11 4,439 11,312 Malono 2,207 212 i(!onc.s(H' w 39,835 51,992 Batavia 4,271 244 Hamilton III 1,251 1,324 Wells 340 72 Ifcrkimcr m 31,017 55,869 Herkimer 2,486 80 Joircrson nw 32,952 48,515 Watcrtown 4,768 100 Lewis mil 9,227 14,958 Martinsburgh 2,382 129 Livingston wm 19,196 27,719 Gcneseo 2,675 226 Madison m 32,208 39,037 { Cazenovia ( Morrisville 113 101 Monroo wm 26,529 49,862 Rocliester 9,269 219 Montproinery em 27,569 43,595 Johnstown 7,700 45 Niagiira w 7,322 18,485 Lock port C Utica 2,022 8,323 288 96 Oneida m 50,997 71,326 < Rome ( Whitesboro' 4,360 107 100 Onondaga m 41,461 58,974 Syracuse 133 Ontario wm 35,312 40,167 Canandaigua 5,162 195 Orleans wm 7,625 18,485 Albion 257 Oswego wm 12,374 27,104 ^ Oswego ( Richland 2,703 2,733 167 153 Otsego VI 44,856 51,372 Cooperstown 1,115 66 Rensselaer e 40,153 49,472 Troy 11,405 6 Saratoga em 36,052 36,616 Ballston 2,113 29 St. Lawrence nw 16,037 36,351 Potsdam 3,650 216 Sehcnectady em 13,081 12,334 Scheocctady 4,258 15 Schoharie m 23,154 27,910 Schoharie 5,146 32 Seneca wm 17,773 21,031 ^Ovid. • ( Waterloo 2,756 1,837 171 173 Steuben sivm 21,989 33,975 Bath 3,387 216 Tioga swm 14,716 27,704 ^ Elmira I Owcgo 2,962 3,080 198 167 Tompkins su'm 26,178 36,545 I^llaca 5,270 163 Warren cm 9,453 11,795 Caldwell 797 62 Washington c 38,831 42,615 i Salem I Sandy Hill 2,972 46 60 Wavnc wm 20,319 33,555 i Lyons ( Palmyra 3,603 3,434 181 196 Yates wm 42 Total JViirth DiH. 56 Total of JV. York 11,025 19,01-9 1,366,467 Penii Yan slaves. 185 944,262 • • • • T7)^13,50«, of, -whom 46 arc G8 1 1 ifi ^Mi I-nkt Krit ^0 JIuffalo Tonneieanta Cr • Pendleton I Lockport I Jlliddleport Road under eaiu |i JiTixBport Brockpcrt I Rochttler ' PitUfield Ort. Embankment Palmyra o n m ^1 o 1 '^ H W 1 w PS hi w o > 2! FJVeieort •■ Clyde I JUontttuma I Weedtport ^Jordan ! Oliseo f Syrncuee fManliue i' J^ew Boston Oneida Cr. 'Rome Utica I Steel's Cr. Oerman Flalt Fall mil ' Little Falls Canajoharie ■Anthony's M'ose i Schoharie 'Flint mil I Plattskill .aq. \ Schenectady Wat Hoix Gap Cahoot Falls Champlain Canal Jllhnjtv Hudson Kiver NEtV YORK. Populatum at Different Periods, Populntion. Incrounti frum HIavri. In 1790, y40,120 21,:J24 1800, riHe.orjo noo to leoo, 245,o:jo 2o,oi;j 1810, 050,049 1800 1810, :n2,909 15,017 1820, l,y72,812 1810 1820, 41,'3,703 10,088 1825, 1,616,458 1830, 1,913,508 1820 1830, 540,690 46 The prinripal rivers are the Hudson, Mohawk, St. Lawrence, Delaware, Susquehanna, Tioga, Allfj^lia- ny, Genesee, Oswego, Niagara, Tonnewanta, Hluck, Oswegatchie, St. Regis, Racket, Salmon, and Sam- nac. A part of the lakes Erie, Ontario, and Cham- plain, belongs to New York. The other lakes in this state are, lakes George, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneitla, Oswegatchie, Canandaigua, Chataiinue, Skeneatiles, and several smaller ones. New York State Canals. I.oncth. Tntiil cost. F.rio Cnnal 3()3 miles. SI'J,027,4f)Ci 95 (Jhnmplain 63 " 1,179,871 W) (Jswego 38 " 525,115 37 (Jayuga & Seneca 2() 214,000 31 Tolls in 1831. $1,091,714 2(*. 102,896 23 16,271 10 12,920 39 81,223,801 98 The Eric Canal, which forms a communication between the Hudson and lake Erie, extending from Albany to Buffalo, is the most magnificent work of the kind in America, and is much longer than any canal in Europe.* The Champlain Canal, which forms a communi- cation between the Hudson and lake Champlain, is 63 miles long, and extends from Whitehall to Water- vliet, where it unites with the Erie Canal. The Oswego Canal extends from Oswego to Salina, 38 miles, and unites lake Ontario with the Erie Canal. The Delaware and Hudson Canal, formed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, extends from the Hudson to the Delaware, 60 miles ; thence up the Delaware, 22 miles ; thence up the valley of the Lackawaxen to Honesdale, 24 miles; total length, 106 miles : average cost, about $15,000 a mile. The debt on account of canals, on the 1st of Jan- uary, 1832, was 8,055,645 dollars. The following are the principal cities and towns : New York, Albany, Utica, Hudson, Troy, and Sche- nectady, cities ; Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Cattskill, Athens, Lansingburgh, Waterford, and Sandy Hill, on the Hudson ; Cooperstown, Goshen, Cherry Val- ley, Socket's Harbor, Oswego, iLuburn, Skeneatiles, Geneva, Canandaigua, Rochester, and Buffalo, west of the Hudson ; Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain, and Brooklyn and Sag-Harbor, on Long Island. The surface of the eastern part of the state of New York, is greatly diversified; there are some level tracts ; but the greater part is hilly, or mountainous. The Catskill mountains are the principal range in the state. There are numerous summits west of Lake \ HlHvrs. )J«) 20,61 H )09 15,017 703 10,088 BOO 40 Mohnwk, St. ga, Allt' 102,806 23 16,271 10 12,020 3U $1,223,801 98 )mmunication itending from icent work of Ter than any a communi- ::;hamplain, is lall to Water- lal. logo to Salina, le Erie Canal, rmed by the extends from thence up the alley of the total length, |0 a mile, le 1st of Jan- Is and towns : W, and Schc- |)sie, Cattskill, Sandy Hill, Cherry Val- I, Skeneatiles, I Buffalo, west lamplain, and land. j state of New le some level Imountainoiis. II range in the ■west of Lake 4. NFIW YORK. OU Chnmplain, the hiu;hrst of which is cstiiiuitrd nt nc'irly M,000 (I'd nhovc {]»% lake, 'riic western |)iirl of the stat(! is mnsfly a level, or iiioilerately uneven countrv ; but towards the IViuisylvania line it iK-comcs hilly and brok(!n. A I'reat part of this st;ite hiis a crodd soil, and a consideialtle portion is cole- hrated for its li^tility. Much of the country is excellent for ^'ra7.int in (liniMcfcr, risiiiij M (ret iVoiii tli(! (I(H)r; ih?^ t, ciirtainfd nnd plaited wifli largo plaits, exteiidiiii,' filoii;,' the walls iVnni 2 or M leet Iron ihe roof, (»l" the most perfect whiteness, reseinhliiijif the most Ixaiitifid fa|)estr\ ; th(! lar^e drops of water which are consfaiitiN siis|)ende(| from tli(! roofs ahove; the (•(ihimiis of spar rcstini,' on pedestals, wlii(di in some places seem to he formed to support the arches; the redectioii of the liglits, and the irreat extent and variety of the scenery of this wonderliil cavern, form altol districts !).: Dutch, in jtabllshed a granted to ;ry, forming I same year, uke, made a 3 afterwards y the Dutch, short period, lean Revolu- as formed in •ho is elected , a lieutenant- vhom, in case or from office, ore chosen ^cd annually; istricts, each ry year. The ioned acc(jrd- cnibers of the ember, as the d the Icgisla- lary, unless a (ublic officers, Tan inhabitant Ipreceding six lit n20,000 wen; annually appropriated to the support of common schools out of the income of the fund. The number of periodical presses is 19. _ ,. . The Presbyterians have 85 churches, 88 ministers, 20 licentiates, denomiiia- and 12,519 communicants; the Methodists, 10,730 members; the tions. Dutcii Ro'brmed, 28 churches and 28 ministers ; the Baptists, 34 churches, 21 ministers, and 2,324 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 20 min- isters ; the Friends are considerably numerous, and there are some Congre- gationalists. _ ... .. The constitution of New Jersey was formed in 1776 ; and no Constitution . . ,. . , • . , " , i , • i i ond fiovcrn- revision ot it has smce taken place, except that the legislature has inent. undertaken to explain its provisions in particular parts. The govern- ment is vested in a governor, legislative council, and general assembly ; and these bodies united are styled The Legislature. The members of the legislative council and of the general assembly, are elected annually, on the second Tuesday in October. rd ci :s and yellow I, excellent for •eductions are t numbers of icw York and de. bcr, flax-seed, om this state, it of the direct 3 tanneries of !s are made at !re are paper- c most impor- ire are 7 rich . The annual 3f pig, besides 3 are also iron The annual lar iron, 1200 ^ate capital of videre; Cum- ; State Bank, nton Banking State Bank, irk ; Newark f New Jersey, ik, Paterson ; hanics' Bank, ig Company, *rinceton and er, 1829, to terest, on an the amount also appro- ,000. By a e support of licentiates, lembers ; the Baptists, 34 ans, 20 min- .)me Congre- 76 ; and no Tislature has The govern- jenibly ; and ssembly, are w I'ENiNSYLVANlA. 77 The number of members of the legislative council is 14, one being elected by each county ii the state. The general assembly has consisted, for a number of years past, of 43 members; but by a law enacted in 1829, seven additional members were added ; and it will hereafter consist of 50 members, apportioned among the counties as follows : — Bergen 3, Essex 5, Morris 4, Sussex 3, War- ren 3, Hunterdon 5, Somerset 3, Middlesex 4, Monmouth 4, Burlington 5, Gloucester 4, Salem 3, Cumlxjrland 3, and Cape May 1. The legislature meets annually (at Trenton), on the 4th Tuesday in October. The governor is chosen annually by a joint vote of the council and assembly, at their first joint meeting after each annual election. The governor is presi- dent of the council ; and the council also elect from their own body, at their first annual meeting, a vice-president, who acts in the place of the governor in his absence. The Pittsburg Philadelphia Milford Orwigsburg Bethany York Western District. 37,964 I 12,542 17,625 Kittaning 24,206 Beaver 24,536 Bedford 19,669 iTowanda 14,683 jButler 7,079 Ebensburg 18,765 Bcllcfonte 4,803 jClearfield 20,049 Danville 1,473 5,859 1,262 1,258 2,523 848 4,311 2,794 7,704 1,82« 1,08) 3,5'j9 80,458 773 327 4,216 12,542 16,005 16,906 29,237 18,028 27,159 14,251 2,225 27,304 17,637 1,439 19,731 21,529 18,108 Meadville Erie Uniontown Waynesburg Huntingdon Indiana Brookville Wilkesbarre Williamsport Smithport Mercer Lcwistown Sunbury 1,265 iCowdersport 34 52 107 122 75 IS 95 48 85 35 24 88 101 36 98 157 59 162 24 201 1,620 91*4 183 229 870 1-05 128 580 203 270 131 699 85 129 65 1,070 1,329 1,341 236 272 184 222 90 433 157 165 2,233 114 87 200 656 235 1,479 1,057 55 52 174 * PliMadi'lphia and fittsburg oxclusivc of the suburbs. i ■m^^^rm^ PENNSYLVANIA. 7d )00 yquurti 34 52 107 122 75 iS 95 48 85 35 24 88 101 36 98 157 59 162 24 201 'I TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOW^H.— Continued. Western District. Countiei. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. County Towns. Pop. Distance fr. Ilarrisbiiri;. Somerset s 13,974 17,441 {Somerset 649 143 Susquehannah nc 9,660 16,777|Montrose 415 163 Tioga . n 4,021 9,062, VVellsborough 147 Union m 18,619 20,749JNew Berlin 60 Venango w 1,976 4,706 Warren 240 Warren mv 40,038 42,860 Washington 1,816 212 Washington sw 4,915 9,128 Frankhn 409 212 Westinorel^d sw 51 Total of Penn. 30,540 38,400 Grecnaburg . 1,347,672 810 170 1,049,313 Population at Different Periods. Population. Increase from Slaves. n 1701, 20,000 1763, 280,000 1701 to 1763, 260,000 1790. 434,373 1763 1790, 154,373 3,737 1800, 602,545 1790 1800, 168,172 1,706 1810, 810,091 1800 1810, 207,546 795 1820, 1,049,313 1810 1820, 239,222 211 1830, 1,347,672 1820 1830, 298,659 386 HKI Canalfi. There are three incorporated cities in this state, Phil- adelphia, Pittsburg, and Lancaster. The other most noted towns are Reading, Easton, Bethlehem, Carlisle, York, Germantown, Chambersburg, Columbia, Sun- bury, Brownsville, Washington, &c. The principal rivers are the Delaware, Schuylkill, n Lehigh, Susquehanna, Juniata, Alleghany, Monongahela, g and Ohio. 3 The Union Canal extends from Reading on the river Schuylkill, where it intersects the Schuylkill Canal, to Middletown on the Susquehannah river, a distance of 80 miles. The Schuylkill Canal extends from Philadelphia to the coal mines at Port Carbon, a distance of 114 miles. The Lehigh Canal extends along that rivev from Easton to Mauch Chunk, a distance of 47 miles. A rail road 9 miles in length, extends from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines. The Lackawaxen Canal extends from the Delaware river at the mouth of Lackawaxen creek, up it to near Bethany, 24 miles; it there unites with a rail-road 9 miles in length, which extends to the coal mines at the Lackawannock mountains. The Conestoga Canal connects the city of Lancaster with the Susquehanna river, length 18 miles. The Susquehanna Cunal extends along the west side of mouth of the Juniata river to near the junction of the north a distance of 39 miles. The canal is then exteuded along the '^tate of New Yo k, a distance of 165 miles, and along Dunnstown, a distance of 70 miles. gTV,.| § I SusquchaMia R. iMiddlttovn Palmyra Tunnel \ Lebanon ' Myerstovin fVomehdorf Bemville Reading •ml SchuylH I pnTTsvir.i.E Tunnel Bamburg ml I Reading I Pottstovn I FhenixvilU I Xorristown Manayunk Fairviount PniLAOSLFBU. \ Ij 11 if I that river from the and west branches, the north branch to the west branch to * i; ■iJiSif^ 80 PENNSYLVANIA. •"I I ' H' Seneca Creek Great Falls Oeorgttown Washinotoh Potomac River PENNSYLVANIA. 81 The Pennsylvania canal extends from ('olnmbia on the Susquehanna to the Juniata river, and thence to Pittsburg, a distance of iy22 miles. The Pittsburg and Erie Canal is intended to unite the Ohio river at Pitts, burg, with lake Erie at the town of Erie. Length 168 miles, of which about 20 miles are now finished. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal extends from Easton, at the mouth of the Lehigh river, to Bristol on the Delaware, a distance of fiO miles. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal will extend through the south-east part of Pennsylvania, from the state line at Wills' rreek to Pittsburg, a distance of ir>l miles. According to the " Pennsylvania State Register," f«n- 1«.*M, " The whole (-.n- tent of the state canals is 428i miles, of which 406 miles are completed. H(% sides this extent of canal navigation, there arc 802 miles belonging to private companies, making an aggregate, in the state, of 728 miles. — The public property of the commonwealth is as follows : Expended on the state canals $10,544,243 16 Bank stock owned by the state 2,108,700 00 Turnpike stock do 1,911,243 39 Canal stock do 200,000 00 Bridge stock do 410,000 00 State debt, January 1, 1831, Total 815,174,186 55 $12,512,520,48." VIEW OF THE COLUMDIA UAILUOAD. Rail-Roads. The Columbia Rail-Road extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna river, and is 83 miles in length. It crosses the river Schuylkill on a substantial bridge of three arches, about two miles above the city of Philadelphia. The Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Rail-Road extends from the city of Philadelphia, in a north-western direction, to Norristown, upon the river Schuylkill, a distance of about 18 miles. Pennsylvania is intersected by various mountains. The principal ridges of the Alleghany mountains, comprehended in Pennsylvania, arc the Kittatinny, or the Blue mountains. Behind these and nearly parallel to them, are i'eters, Tuscarora, and Nescopeck mountains, on the cast side of the Susquehanna ; on the west, Shoreman's hill. Sideling hill. Ragged, Great, Warrior's, Evit's, and Wills' mountains ; then the great Alleghany ridge, which being the largest, gives name to the whole ; and west of this are tlie Chestnut ridges. Between the Juniata and the west branch of the Susquehanna, are Jacks, Tussys, Nittiny, and Bald Eagle mountains. The valleys between these moun- tains are often of a rich, black soil, suited to the various kinds of grass and grain. Some of the mountains admit of cultivation almost to their summits. The other parts of the state are generally level, or agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. The soil of Pennsylvania is various ; a small part of it is barren, but a great proportion of it fertile and a considerable part very 'ixcellent. It is gene- rally better adapted to tillage than grazing ; and much of it, particularly the south-east part, is under excellent cultivation. The two best tracts of land J.re, one in the south-east part, along the Susquehanna, the othf!r in the north-Avest part, between lake Erie and Alleghany river. Wheat is the most important m. 82 '1' '■'rtl. !'■: Hi vm ■hm . '^' PKNNSVrVANlA. riiu next ill valiic is Inili-.n corn. lUickwhcut, rye, l)arit;y, ^f\.« article of produce oafs, flnx, iK'iiip, Im'iiiis, |»(';is,iin(l iiutaiocs are (txtciisivcly cuUiviitrd. Clit-rrit's, peaches, apples, and cider, are aliiindaiit. 'I'lien; are large dairies in many parts. Pennsylvania lias an excellent breed of horses. Iron ore is distriltiited in iarj^e (|MaiilitieH in many parts of the state; and in some places copper, lead, and alum are found. H(M"e are also nunM;rous lime- stone quarries, and various kinds of marble; and in the niiddh and western parts tliero is an abundiinei! of coal. The general style of arehitectiue in ')>is state is neat and solid. Ston(! buildings are most common in old settleme- t-i ; brick houses anj frequent; log and frame houses abound in Iho new ct ujtry. In the towns there is a con- siderable proportion of brick houses. Many turnpike roads of the most du- rable materials, and Ixist construction, are made in various parts of the state. That from Philadelphia to Lancaster is (Hi miles in length, 24 feet widt;, and covered 18 inches d(!ep with powdered stone. Numerous bridges, of great strength and beauty, are constructed over the rivers. Pennsylvania exceeds all the other states in the variety and extent of her manufactures, some of which are of superior excellence. In 18.'}*J tlwn'c were 67 cotton manufactories in the state, with an aggregate capital of 8'},75H,r)00, and making annually i31,8.'12,4r)7 yards of cloth. In the article of iron marm- factin-es Pennsylvania lar excels any oth(>r state in the Union. The total value of manufactures, including about 250 diderent articles, is estimated ai $70,000,000. In 1831 there were 33 banks in this state, 11 of which were in the city ol' Philadelphia. The bank capital is ill 0,31 0,333. The principal literary seminaries in tliis state are the University ' of Pennsylvania with its Medical School, at Philadelphia; Dickinson College, at Carlisle; Jeiferson College, at Canonsburg; Washington College, at Washington; Western University, at Pittsburg; Alleghany College, at Mcadvillc; Madison College, at Union Town; Mount Airy College, at Gcr- mnntown ; the Theological Seminaries, at Gettysburg, York, and Alleghany Town ; and the Moravian schools, at Bethlehem, Nazareth, and Litiz. The Constitution declares that " the legislature shall, as soon as convenient- ly may be, provide by law for the establishment of schools in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis." Under this injunction means have been provided in nearly all the counties of the state, for the instruction of tho children of indigent parents. They arc sent to tho most convenient schools of the neighborhoods in which they respectively resiile, and the expense \h paid by the county commissioners. In the; city and county of Philadelphia, which constitutes the First School District of Pennsvlvania, the Laneasterian system has been introduced for the education of the; children descrilKul in the Constitution. In the Twelfth Annual Report of the Comptrollers of tin; Public Schofils of this district, dated Feb. 23, 1830, it is sta^d, that "during twelve years, .34,703 children had received the l)enefiti^ of tuition under tlio wise and beneficent provisions of the existmg act of the General Assembly." These schools are superintended by gentlemen who serve without compensa- tion. The teachers are well qualified for their duties, and are liberally paid. The number of periodical presses in 1831, was 150. ReiiBinusde '^^^ Prcsbyteriaus have 429 churches, 209 ministers, 39 liccn- noinina- tiates, aiul 38,873 communicants; the Methodists, 140 preachers, '° *' " ' and 40,390 members ; tho Baptists, 144 churches, 90 ministers, and 7,561 communicants ; the German Reformed Church, 282 churches, and 7U ministers ; the Episcopalians, 60 ministers ; tho Associate Presbyterians, 39 congregations, 18 ministers, and 4,180 communicants; the Evangelical Lu- therans, 2 synods : the Dutch Reformed Church, 6 churches and 6 ministers ; fli. Friends are numerous; the United Brethren have about 15 congregations; , rye, l)arl(;y, (hI. CIlUlTH'S, ruts in muiiy Hlrit(! ; and in uncjrous linic ) nnd western solid. Stont! frequent; log ti( le is a cun- the most dii- s of the state, feet wide, and Iges, of great extent of her ;J2 tliere were if $'.i,iriH,rM), of iron maiiu- m. The total 8 estimated at ! ill the city of the University lia; Dickinson ngton College, ly College, at e, at Ger- md Alleghany itiz. as convenient- such manner ans have been Liction of the nient scliof)!^ le (expense is I'liiladelphin, Lancasterifin scribed in the oilers of tlie that " diirinj? ion under tlm il Assembly." ut compensa- iberally paid. ■ers, 39 licen- 40 preachers, ministers, and rchcs, and TJJ bytcrians, 39 angelical Lu- 1 6 ministers ; ngregations ; PENNSYLVANIA. 83 thn Fnitariuns, .'i eon<;regntions and M iiiiiiisters ; and tlit-ro is a considerubU niuMlxr <>t" Koinan Catholics, some lliiivcrsalists, .lews, Aic. rrmis\lvaiiia was .granted by Charles II. by a <-hart.-r signed on ^^^^^^^ the 4111 of Mureb, KHI, to tlu' illustrious William l'< nu, who was <..iistiiut.d llic propriilarv of the proviiKT. in Ki^'J, WilliMiu I'mn, together uilli ;tl)out two tbousiind 'settlers, most of whoni, like hinvself, In-loiiged to the society of I'Vietids or (iuakers, arrived in the eounfry ; and in the iMlowitig ye;ir iie laid out the plan of tlu' city of I'liiladelpbia. lie established ii friendly inten-oiirse with the Indians, whicdi was not interrupted for more than seventy years. I'rnui the l)eginning of the IHth cenftiry till the commencement of tho Ariiencm Uevolution, the government was gtiuerally ailininistered by dt'puties appointed by the proprietaries, who mostly resided in England. The first Constitution of Pemisylvania was adopted in 1770; the p„„„j,„. " j)resent ('oiistitution in 17U(I. ii(.iniiiii«o- The legislative power is vested in a (4(!neral Assembly, consisting *•-'"'""""' of a Semite and House of Representatives. The representatives are elerfed aninially on the seeond Tuesday in October, liy th(> citi/eus of Philadelp' nd of the sevc^ral counties, apportioned accord- ijig to the number of taxabi liiabitants. The numb.-r cannot Ix? less than 60, nor more tlian 100. The senators are chosen (l)rfour years, one fourth being elected annually, at th(! time of the election of the repres<'ntatives. Their number cannot bfj yreMtiT than one third, nor less than one fourth of the nianlM'r of the represent- atives. fin ls',>0, it was enacted by tho General Assembly, "that until the next ('numeration of taxable; inhabitants, and an ap|)ortionment th ^;. O 7 /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m rtV V ^ 6^ 84 \\\h ■ !«it S!,i '' >.h i .:»i.. DELAWARE. DELAWARE. i^»=:==^. . ' ^?!^ '' " -^M i«^t^«*; I^f fr,^_ ■-"•|'' ' -V , - - ^i; :: ). .^^'= ' ^«| 'J>.| ^■--/ »_;f '-_^__ ;-. - - ^^^p] '^fe'— '-— '^"^^"'"^ - =.-d|l' ^^'"•^ iv'^fcp . ■^^ -"^ ''- s^- ==^s^ =7^^=^^=: ?= i r .?== ===fl^ "^\«L-jri2r;>(^^i / ,^^.^3=7— ^^^"i ARMS OF DELAWARE. Delawarr is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware river, Dela- ware bay, and the Atlantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It extends from lat. 38° 30' to 39° 45' N. and from Ion. 1° 13' to 1'' 57' E. from Washington. It is 87 miles long from N. to S. and from 10 to 36 broad, containing 2,120 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. Ic20. Pop. 1830. County Towna. Disianct! from Dover. Kent m New Castle n Sussex s 3 Total 20,793 27,899 24,057 19,911 29,710 27,118 Dover i New Castle ( Wilmington Georgetown of whom 3,305 are slaves 42 47 40 72,074 7(5,739 Population of Wilmington, the largest town, in 1820, 5,268; in 1830, 6,628. Population at different periods. a Topulation. In 1790, 59,094 1800, 64,273 • 1810, 72,674 1820, 72,749 1830, 76,739 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 5,179 1800 1810, 8,401 1810 1820, 75 1820 1830, 3,990 Slavei. 8,887 6,153 4,177 4,509 3,305 The principal rivers besides the Delaware which forms a part of Ihe bound- ary, are Brandywine Creek, Christiana Creek, Duck Creek, Mispillion Creek, Indian river, Choptank, and Nanticoke. The general aspect of this state is that of an extended plain, favorable for cultivation. Some of the upper parts of the county of New Castle, indeed, are irregular and broken. The heights of Christiana are lofty and command- ing, and the hills of Brandywine arc rough and stony ; but in the lower coun- s. Distance from Dover. 42 47 40 ires ),268; in 1830, delawakl:. W .l L. Mii,' S PROFILE VIKVV OF TUB CHESArEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. This canal, which lies partly in Maryland, but chiefly in Delaware, chcMpeaka U^ miles long, 66 wide at the surface of the water, and 10 feet deep, andOcia- opens a highly advantageous communication between Philadelphia and Baltimore, and other places, by sloops and steamboats. During the year beginning June 1, 1830, and ending June 1, 1831, there were employed between Philadelphia and Baltimore, Alexandria, Richmond, Petersburg, and Norfolk, in the transportation of passengers and merchandise, by way of this canal, 2 lines of steamboats and 7 lines of packets. There were made, during that time, according to the official report, the fol- lowing number of passages through this canal : — 1230 packets, with merchan- dise; 600 vessels, with wood, carrying 13,332 cords; 272 vessels, rafts, and arks, wi^ lumber, carrying 7,118,734 feet; 294 vessels, with flour, carrying 101,46Sn)arrels ; 246 vessels, with wheat, corn, &c. carrying 289,173 bushels ; 2638 vessels with cotton, iron, oy.sters, fish, whiskey, and various other arti- cles, making a total of 5,280 passages of vessels, of different descriptions, through the canal during the year. The tolls received during the same year amr>' nted to 862,223 15. There is a rail-road extending from Newcastle on the Delaware to French- V k k ^ii Ritiicntidn. History. H« I)i:i,AWAIlK. town, n (listiinoc ul' 1(> miles, on wliich tlic pnssrnjrors Ix'twccn Pliiladelphia mid Ibltimorc an" now Iniiisportcd. 'Vhrro is yet Imf one track complctpd. TIk' niiinlMr (iriianks in 1^:^ was h, riz. Mat \Vihiiin, th(! interest f>t' which, toircthcr with a snirdi tax levied on each school district of four miles sipiare, at the will o|" ihr nwijority of tin- taxable iidiahitants, is iippro|)riated to the support of coniinon schools. No district is entitled to any share of the school liiiid, that will not raise, hy taxation, a snm equal to its share of the inconuj of the Ihnd. 15iil li-w of the districts have yet gone into j)peration under the school law. The nnmher of |)eriodical presses is (5, two of which are semi-weekly. RnliKoiiH tit; I'lG ^h■thodists in this state; have 1') preachers, and rJ,M()4 mem- iKiniiiia lK>rs; the Preshyterians, H churches, !» ministers, and i:UH) commu- nicants; the Haptists, !> churches, U minist«"rs, anil WO communi- cants; the l*i|)iscopalians have (! chiu'c-hes and (! ministers. The first i'',uropean settlement in this state was formed hy Swedes und Finns, in W-ll ; in Hior), the colony was taken from the Swedes by the Dutch, under i^'overnor Stuyvesant ; and after the con»|uest of New York l)y the English, in l(»(i I, it was placed inuler the jurisdiction of the gov- ernment of New York. In 16H'-i, the country was {.'ranted to William Penn, and it was placed imdcr the same; executive and leirislative iiovermnent with Pennsylvania. It was then, as it is now, divided into three counties, Newcastle, Kent, and Sussex, gene- rally styled, till the American revolution, " Tin; Three Lower Counties uj>on the Delaware." In 1701, the representatives of I)(.'laware withdrew from those of Pennsyl- vania; the first separate leifislative assembly met at Newcastle, in 1704. Ouiiinosof '^'he legislativ*' power is vested in a {;;eneral assembly, consisting thRcoiiHti- of a senate and house of representatives for two years. The a'present- aiiinn(i.'(i atives are electtjd, 7 from each county, the whole nundx^r being 21. Dec. i«3i. 'pij^. senators are elected for 4 years, 3 fn^m each county, the whole number being 9. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for 4 years ; and he is not eligible a second tim(! to said office. The general assembly meets on the first Tuesday in January, biennially. The first meeting under the amenrled constitution is to be in 1833. The constitution grants the right of sutfrage to every free white nnale citizen of the age of twenty-two years or upwards, having resided in the state one year next before the eUiction, and the last month thercfof in the county where lie offers to vote, and having within two years next l)eforc the election, paid a county tax, which shall have been assessed at least six months liefore the elec- tion ; and every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-one years and under the age of twenty-two years, having resided as aforesaid, shall be enti- tled to vote without payment of any tax. The judicial power of this stat(^ is v(\sted in a court of errors and appeals, a superior court, a court of chancery, an orphan's court, a court of oyer and terminer, a court of general sessions of the peace and jail delivery, a register's court, justices of the [leace, and such other courts as the general assembly may direct. The governor's annual salary is $1,333 33 J. This state sends one repre- sentative to congress. If ■■*5l MARVLAM). MAKVLAM). 8? ct gone into -',M()4 mom- (H» comrtiu- ) coimnuni- MAKyi.AM» is hoiindfil N. hy I'riiiis\iv;iiiia ; K. by Dclasvnrc! and the At- lantic; S. and W. by Virginia/ It lirs helw. en lonliR. Alleghany nw H,(;r»i 10,002 Ciiiuberland 105 Ann(! Arundel m 27,10.5 2'<,295 A\.\ Aj'oias Haltimore n :3i?,(i(i;{ 40,251 > Baltimore SU Haltiniore, city ()'J,7:w sO/525 Calv(.'rt s 8,07:5 H,M99 l*rinc(> Fredericktown 03 Charles s 1(5,500 17,000 Port ToIku^co 09 Frederick n 40,459 45,793 Frederick 70 llartforil nc 15,924 10,:U5 Helair 53 Montgomery WOT 1(5,400 19,H10 Uockville 52 I'rinci; (icorge's sm 20,216 20,473 Upper Marlborough 23 St. Mary's s 12,974 13,155 Le(.inardtown 72 Washington nwm 2;i,075 25,205 Ilagerstown 101 7 Mstern Shot *<■• Caroline f 10,01^^ 9,070 Denton 44 Cecil m' 10,()4H 15,4:{2 Mlktoii HO 1 )orchpstcr .«' 17,759 l.S,()'>*5 ( 'anibridge 02 Kent e 11,45.'J 10,502 (-'hestertown 47 Queen Anne's ( 14,9.52 11,390 Centn.'vi Ik- 32 Somerset se 19,.579 20,1.55 Princess Anno 107 Talbot em 14,3H7 12,947 I'laston 47 Worcester sc 19 Total 17,421 1^271 Snowhill 127 407,a50 44(5,913 iiiiiS II m «^ MARYLAND. Dijerait Classes of Population in laUO. VVIiilcH. Hl»v«'«. Frew col'd I'vrioiii. Males 147,:nr) r)M,4li!> a4,!)ii() Females 14;},778 49,44U *i8,{)22 Total a»l,0y3 102,878 52,942 Dcafnml dumb white persons. .Uil ; slaves and colored persons H2 Blind, white persons, 150 ; slaves and colored |)crsons 117 Population of Marylatul at different Periods. ropiilatioii. HIavcH. In 1790, 319,728 10;},0.'«) •• 1800, 345,824 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 26,096 108,554 « 1810, 380,540 1800 1810, 34,722 111,502 '« 1820, 407,350 1810 1820, 16,804 107,398 " 1830, 446,913 1820 1830, 39,563 102,878 The principal rivers are the Potomac, which divides this state from Virginia, Siisquehannah, Patnpsco, Patuxent, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanti- coke, and Pocomoke. In the counties on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the land is generally level and low, and in many places is covered with stagnant waters, giving rise in the summer and fall months to agues, and intermitteni fevers. On the west- ern shore, the land below the lowest falls of the river, is [irincipally level and free from stones. Above these falls the country becomes successively uneven and hilly, and in the western part of the state is mountainous. The princip.il range of mountains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which pass through the state in a northerly direction from Virginia into I'ennsylvania. The extreme western part of the state is crossed by the Alleghany mountains. Ik'tween these and the Blue Ridge arc scleral inll-rior chains, as Will's mountain, Evit's, Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and Sideling hill. The soil is well adaptctl to the culture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple productions of I ho state. Some cotton of inferior quality is also raised, and in the western coun- ties, considerable quantities of flaX and hemp. Two articles are said to U; peculiar to M;iryland; the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen Ann's, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore; and the bright kite'' afoot tobacco, which is produced on some parts of the western shore, south of Balti- more. The forests abound with various kinds of nuts, used for fattening hogs, which run wild in the woods, and arc killed in considerable numbers for export- ation. Apples MiJ poaches are abundant Excellent roa Js proceed from Baltimore in various directions. There is a turnpike from Baltimore to Cumlxrland on the Potomac, a distance of 135 miles. From Cmulierlnnd to Brownsville on the Monongaheln, in Pennsylva- nia, there is now completed by the United States, a free turnpike road, of tlu; most superior construction. The distance is 72 miles, making the whole dis- tance from Baltimore to Brownsville 207 mik's. This is the shortest and best communication yet opened l)etween the tide water of the Atlantic and the navi- gable western waters. A turnpike extends from Baltimore, in a north-west direction, 16 miles, to Reistertown, and there divides; one branch turning more to the north meets the Pennsylvania line in 19 miles; the other in a W. N. W. direction, runs 29 miles in Maryland. Iron ore abounds in various parts of the state, and coal is found in inexhausti- ble quantities, and of a superior quality, on the Potomac, in the neighborhood of Cumberland. Furnaces have been erected in various places for the manu- facture of iron. Glass, paper, and whiskey are also made in considerable quantities. The value of manufactures in 1830, was $11,468,794. The prin- cipal exports are flour and tobacco. The value of the exports for the year ending September 30th, 1829, was $4,804,304. Maryland is the fourth state 54 ♦ I col'd I'erioiii. 52,942 LS H2 IS 117 HIavcH. lo:i,().'i(> 108,554 111,502 107,yOH 102,878 •om Virginia, )tank, Nunti- 1 is generally s, giving rise On the west- illy level and ively uneven 'he princip.-il pass through The extreni(; IS. I^etween ntain, F.vit's, veil .'uiMptcd ctions of iIk; estern coiiii- said to Ik; Kent, Qu((rnment, amounting to .$75,000, together with a tax on bank capitfd of 20 cents on $100. The luriil is at interest, and the amount nx'cived from the l«udis has also gen- erally Ixx'U placed at interest, to the credit ol'ihe s<;veral counties; but in some instances it lias iH'cn r'xpended for its proper object. The intention of the state was, that it should be used to [)ay teachers only ; and that the expense of build- ing schoobhouses, and other expenses, should be paid by a tax on property wilhin the several schofjl districts. The numlx;r of periodical presses in ISHO was 25. The Roman (catholics are the most numerous sect of Christians in „ ,. . ._ this state; they have one archbishop, the mcitropolitan of the United denmnina- States, and HO or 40 churches; the Methodists are numerous; the ''°"*' Episcopalians have .57 ministers; the Presbyterians, 11 ministers, (i licentiates, and 1,058 communicants; the IJaptists, 15 churches, 12 minister's, and 680 communicants ; the ( Jerman Reformed, 9 ministers ; and the Friends are con- siderably numerous. This country was granted by Charles I. to George Calvert, lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic ; the first settli'mcnt was formed by his '* '"^' son liconard (Jalvert, together with about 200 (Jalholics, in 10^4 ; and it was named Maryland, from Menrictta Maria, ihe queen of Charles. The constitution of this state was foriiuMl in 1770; since which,, , , , , ,,,, .... ( onsiiiiiiion time many aineniiinents iiave i)een made. Ihe legisliitive power isanrtgov«rn vested in a senate, consisting of 15 members, and a house of dele- ""'"' uates, consisting of 80 mcmlters ; ami these two branches united are styled The (general As.scmbly of Maryland. The members of Ihe house of delegates, four from each county, are elected annually by the people, on th(! first Monday in Octoli«M'; and the members of the senate an; elected every fifth year on the third Monday in September, at Annapolis, by electors who are cho.s(>n by the peoi)le on the first Monday of the same month of Septenil)er. These electors choose by ballot nine senators from thi^ Western Shore, and six from the Ivisferii, who hold thf'ir office five years. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually on the first I\b>nday in January, by a joint ballot of both houses of the general a.sscm- bly. No one can hold the otHce of governor more than three years succcs« sively, nor be eligible as governor uiiiil flic exjiiration of four years after he has M t 00 MARYLAND. r t been out of lliat t)iric<'. 'l"li«' govcnn>r is assisted by ti council of five rnenilxrs, who uro chosen anuiuiily hy a joint Ijallot of the senate; and house of delegates. The general asseinl)ly meets annually (at Aiumpolis) on the last Momlay in December. The council oJ"tlu; ml)ly. The house of delegates is composed of 80 niembtjrs, elected annually, four from each of the 19 counties, and two from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The senate c(jnsists of 1.5 memlx-rs, elected for five years, by an electoral colKfge of 40 inend)ers, two from each of the counties, and one from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The electors are chosen on tlie first Monday in Septemlx>r every 5th year, and they elect the senators on the succeeding yd Monday in September. One of the pecunarities of the declaration of rights of the state is the section which declares, " That every gift, sale, or devise of lands, to any minister, public teaclu'r, or pn-acher of the gospel, as such, or to any religious sect, order, or denomination, or to or for the Hupj)ort, use, or lx?nefit of, or in trust for, any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination ; and every gift or sale of goods or chattels to go in succession, or to take place; alter the death of the seller or donor, or to or for such support, use, or benefit, and also every devise of goods or chattels to or for the support, use, or benefit of any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination, without the leave of the legislature, shall be void ; except always any sale, gift, lease, or devise, of any quantity of land not exceeding two acres for a church, meeting, or other house of worship and for a burying ground, which shall be improveel, enjoyed, or used only for such purposes, or such sale, gift, lease, or devise shall be void." The governor's annual salary is $2,666§. This state sends eight representatives to congress. P( '^ five ineinlxrs, -* ol" (lelegHtfs. ist MoiKlay in icsduy in Juii- ' iiiale citizen, state, nnd six lext preceding I appointed l)y I annually on vernor during I'ing, iK'conics isseinhly. In f nomination, ot possess the innuaily, four Vnnapolis and years, by an and one Irom chosen on tJie nators on the is the section [xny minister, us sect, order, trust for, any ny religious lattels to go or to or for lattels to or preacher of without thf) ift, lease, or ch, meeting, be improved, 36, or devise I VIRCIMA. VIUniMA. 91 4t ARMS OF VIIKJINIA. ViRoiNiA is hounded N. by Pennsylvania; N. E. by Maryland; E. by the Atlantic; S. by North Carolina and Tennessee; \V. by Kentucky and Ohio. It lies Ix-tween .M6^ 30' and 40^ A',V N. lat. and h^\wvvi\ (1 '.il W. and 1° 20' 1^. long. It is 370 miles long, and contains about 01,000 square miles. 93 VIIKJINIA. ¥.n '•'.SI ^4i,r^ m Et*--'' !l.:lii lil TABLE OF TIIK fOLiNTIKM AND COL'.N'l'Y 'l\)W\S.-Cuulinutd. I'Aiatcrn District. — ('ontinueU. t em Cireonvillo Ilulifax Hanover Henrico im lliciimond, citij llenrv Isle oV Wiijht James t;ity Kinjj &. Queen Kinjf (Jeorge King William liincaster Loudon Ix}tiiHa Lunenburg « e c. ne em e ne nt s m e 8 C se in em sc Madison Mattliews Mecklenburg Middlesex NansenionU Nelson New Kent Norfolk Norfolk, borough Northampton Northumberland Nottoway Orange Patrick Pittsylvania Powhatan Prince Eldward Prince George Prince William Princess Anne Richmond Southampton Spottsylvania Fred'ksburg, town Stafibrd 7je Surrey se Sussex se Warwick se Westmoreland e York e 65 Totalo/E.Dist. Alleghany Augusta, North Augusta, South Bath Berkeley Botetourt Brooke Cabell Frederick, East Frederick, West Giles r e sm m « s VI sm em ne se c sc cm WhilM. I r.',!>ir) 5,717 7,757 4,()5H 5,023 him 4,714 2,475 3,155 1,1)7H 15,517 0,4()H 4,47!) 4,:w» •,\,\m 7,443 1,H7«) 5,143 5,lH(i 2,5M(i H.IHO 5,131 3,573 4,()29 2,94J) (),4")<) 5,404 14,()!M) 2,n;o 174 1 ^hh) 571 416 2.M7 :U7 1!J5 1,(«)2 301 2^15 71 1H9 874 IIH 1,69H 122 ;y2 9(«5 J>28 i,:m 5(i7 223 19H 117 310 3M4 475 7(HI 361 34:3 451 1,745 310 38^1 4><5 8()6 866 27 84S 027 41)7780 7,117 28,0.32 12,73-< 16,(KiO 7,1(M) 10,517 .3,M:iH 11,»M4 6,397 9,M12 4,H(K) 21,9;)H 1(),151 11,957 9,2:«J 7,«)(i3 20,3fMi 4,122 11,7H1 11,251 (i,457 14,99H 9,H1(5 H,({44 7,95:3 10,141 14,<):37 7,:«)3 26,022 H,517 14,107 H,:368 9,:wo 9,102 6,056 1(),073 11,920 3,307 0,3(52 7,108 12,720 1,570 8,411 5,:i.54 llick.-stord Halifax ( MI. Hanovr ('. H. > UK'IIMOND. Miirlinsville Siiiilliticld Williaiiisl)urg KV«fcU'nC. H. King (Jrorge C. H. Killer William V. II. iiiiiicajjter C. II. Lct'sburjj Lmisa (^. II. Lunenburg C H. Madison Mallliews C. II. Boydton IJrbanna Siitll.lk liovington Niw Kent C. H. ) PorUsmouth < Norfolk Kiwtville .Xorthum'dC.II. Nottoway C. H. Orange Patrick C. H. Pittsylvania C. II. Srntsvillo Prince Edw. C. II. (^ity Point Brentjriville Princess Anne C. IT. Richmond C. H. Jerusalem V Fredericksburg. StalTord C. II. Surrey C. H. Sussex C H. Warwick C. H. Westmoreland C. H, Yorktown Wi2,070 m 2,197 571 48 m 7,208 1,677 257 VI 8,0^18 2,588 147 m 2,803 1,140 (ri n 8,32:3 1,919 276 sm 11,808 4,17«) 386 niv 6,774 227 ;)0 w 5,267 mv m n 8.104 5.342 («) n 9,260 2,088 598 w 4,779 470 49 Western District. 2,816 9,142 10,783 4,008 10,.528 16,;3M 7,040 5,884 14,099 11,946 5,298 Covington i Staunton, ath C. H. Martinsburg Fincastle Wellsburg Cabell C. H. I Winchester Giles C. H. (i:i i:io 20 207 IHO (iO 49 H8 27 K3 l.-)3 5-1 91 110 1(H) 118 83 102 118 30 116 112 174 02 67 80 241 167 :)2 75 104 i:37 56 81 66 76 60 50 81 70 72 191 121 170 172 196 373 344 150 240 VIRdlMA. ufd. 1 llikUi»)' 1 trrm Ht' hrn'-ftii ii:i IMO 'JO i>07 IHO (M) 49 11. HH .11. 'J7 HM l.-)M :a . 91 110 KNI IIH H8 102 118 30 116 112 174 92 t)7 80 241 I. 167 32 I. 75 34 1(4 .11. 137 56 81 T, 66 76 60 50 81 H. 70 72 TAIH.K ()!■ ' 'I'lIK C tULNTIKM AM) COI'.NTY — Contin TOWNS— r«nf»fi«rrf. Wi shrn J)istru't. uvd. IliaUnr* t :.ll||t.M. Whll.'< 1 ""— ■ 1 mV'k'.. 1 1 I4ll.|>. 1 (iriivsoii M 7.161 462 52 7.(J75 (iravMii. (Ml. 216 (iriM'iihriiT Win 7,';9li 1,\:a) (i.) 9,(11.-, I,i'\vi«l)iirjf 221 IliiirriM)!!, I'<. uw 9, 1 13 626 5(1 10.119 V Clarksbiir},' Koiiincv 2tK) Il;iriis(iii, W. jii/> t.KM 115' Id 4..">.> illmiipsliiro n 9.7! Mi \:.\:\(\ 153 11.279 195 illunlv n 5,UH 1.167 2-J3 6,79«« .Mi«>rt:iddH 195 .l<'tri>rsnn n H,13M 3,««)9 J!t3 12,9-J7 ("harh'Kton 1H2 Kt'iiliawu «' 7.I«H 1,7 1-^ 75 9.261 K'l'Mlmwii (.'. H. 3(H 1 .Of 8W .^-<30 612 19 (i,161 .IdtlOSVillt! 3!>2 |L«'\vi.s wni 6,(MM) 162 13 6,211 Wi'stoii 249 i l.o^aii w 3.51 1 163 6 3,0s(( i>.!.rnnC. I J. 324 .Mijnoiiirnliii, K. Monoiiijuliii, W. II H (i,:r)2 7,223 233 129 103 16 6,(ls«. 7,3(is i .MorfraiitDWn 293 MUHOII W 5.776 713 15 (5,.-.3| I'liiiil IMcfusniit 371 .\lonrf)n Win 7.9;W 6H2 s:} 7,79s I'liioti 2(W Montfjoinerv aw 10,212 2,037 55 12,3(M <'!iristiaiiHl)iirij 20<} .Morjfiiii 71 2,517 153 22 2,692 Urrkclcy !S|)rmjrH 1H({ Nirhobs inn 3,-J'J!) 119 1 3,319 .Xifliiilas C. 11. 2(iS Ohio nw 15,033 362 195 15,.')9(l NVhcfliii;^ :f)7 Pciidloton iim 5,750 4!H 23 6,271 Franklin 171 I'licaliniiUirt will 2,297 227 17 2.511 llniitcrsvillo 191 Prt'stoii n 4,917 . 125 27 5.0! )9 KinirwiMid 261 Randolpli nrn '1,12«5 259 115 .5.(KKI Hmcrly 210 ItookbridiTO m lO.Kr) 3,39'' '.M 14.244, li«'xin()(). 'I'lii' stair of \'ir>.'inia may Ik- dixiilnl into litur /oms, issnitially dilli'riii'^ from oiii' anolliiT. 'I'lif liist cxti'miiii)^ from tlu" sra-coasi to tin- Irrmiiiatioii ol" fidi; nt I'VidiTirksliur^, Kirlimoiid, iVr., is low and (lal, soiiKtimcH fenny, Hometimes sandy, and on the niarj:in of rivers eom|)o>ed of a rieli loam eovered uilli a In.xnriant und even rank veiretatioii. This part is nnlieallhy in tlu> months of Anj,'nst, SiptemlM'r, and Oetoliir. The next division extends from the head ol'lide-water to the Ilhie Uidire. The surfaee near the tide.waler is level ; higher np the rivers it l)eeoines swelling ; und near thenioimtainsit isolh-n al>nipt and hrokeii. The soil is divided into sec- tions of very niieipial (piaiity, parallel to each other, and extenilin;^ throu^hont the stale. The parallel of Chesterlield, Ih nrieo, Hanover, iVe. is a thin, sandy, and, except on the rivers, an nn|»roduetive soil. Thai of ( looelilaiid, Ciimher- land, I'rinee Isdwanl, Halifax, «.Ve., is generally lirtile. l-'luvanna, Mnekiii};- liam, C.implell, Pittsylvania, a<^'ain, are poor; and Cidpeper, Orange, AIIk-- inarle, Hedford, vS:e., a rieli, thoniih frei|uently a stonv, liroken soil, on a suli- stratnm of tenaeiinis and red-eolored riay. The po|)idatioii of this seetioti, especially near the mountains, is more rolmst and healthy than that of any other part nl' the state. The scenery of the upper part is hij^hly [lietiirescpur nnd romantic. There in n vein of lime-stone runniii}^ ihrouirh AllK'inarlc, Ornnj^e, cVc. Pit coal of a good (piality is liiund witliin iiO miles ahove Uieli- inond, on James river. The third division is the valley U'tween the l>lue Uid;^'e, and North and Alle- ghany mountains; a vnllcy which extends, with little interruplioii, from tlio Potoinnc, across the state, to North Carolina and Tenii'-ssee, narrower, hut of greater length than either the preceding divisions. Tlie soil is a mould formed on a bed oi' lime-stone. The surface of the valley is sometimes broken by sharp and solitary mountains detached from the general chain, the sides of which, nearly hare, or but thinly covered with blasted pines, form disagreeable objects in the landscape. The bed ol'the valley is lirtile, producing good crops of Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheul, hemit, flax, timothy, nnd clover. The farms are smaller than in lh(^ lower |)arts of Virginia, and the cultivation is better. Hen; are few slavi's. 'J'his valley has ine.Jiaiistiblo mines of excel- lent iron ore. ('halk is found in Rotetourt county. The fourth division extends from the Alleghany mountains to the river Ohio; a country wild and broken, in some i>arts fertile, but generally lean or barren ; but having mines of iron, lead, coal, salt, «.V,c. — The soil of a great proportion of the county of Randolph and the adjacent counties in the north-west part of the state, is of an cxcelliuU quality, i)roducing large crops of grain. The sur- face is uneven and hilly. The county is well watered, is (>xcellent for grazing, and has a very healthy climate. There are many mineral springs in Virginia. The hot and warm springs of Bath county, the sweet springs of Monroe county, the sulphur springs of Creenbrier and of Montgomery counties, and the baths of Rin'keley county, are much frequented. The most remarkable curiosities are the Natural Bridge, the passage of the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, the cataract of Falling Spring, and several caves. Since the year 1827, the gold mines of Virginia have attracted considerable attention. The belt of country in which they are found extends through Spotsylvania and some neighboring counties. The gold region abounds in quartz, which contains cubes of sulphurct of iron. These cubes are often partly or totally decomposed ; and the cells thus created are sometimes Gold MiiieH. VIUCINIA. 05 li(lii<-. Till' • 1 fillr.l with unlil. Tlifirolil is r.iiiiiflMn ilif MirlfK'f, mikI in llif Ntnictiirc <.f quartz; l)iit in i^nati'st iiliiiml;iiii'.' r<>tin>j: ii|t<.ii x|iil< , mihI in its lissiin's. Tin' ^'olil itt (lilliisnl Mvcr liir^i- siirliuTs, and lias luit y(). 'riienwnilK-r of rotfon inanidaetories in this state in I^M-j was wvrn, with an njirirre^ate ea|tital nf 'JllO.OdO d,0(l(» yards of cluili. 'I'lie NaMMid I5rid;^n-, the must suMinie of nature's works, is on the ascent of a hill, wliiidi seems to have 1mifi-emenls "JTO fet;t (leei), l)V others only VJtir). It is id)oiit lo |!ef wide lit the hottoMi, and W feet yt the top — this of coursi' deterniiins the Irnnth of tin- hriil^e, and its li(;i|iit from the water. Th<; hreadlh in ihr miildle i.s aUiut (iO li-el, hut more at tno ends, and tin- thit'kness of the maj«s ut the smnmit of the ar to the para|K't, and pwp over it. • If the view from the top he painful and infolerahle, that from Ik'Iow is delight- ful in an e(|ual extreme. It is impossihie for the emotions arisini^ out of the sid)lim(! to Im! lelt Ix^yond what they arc; here; so iK.-autiful an andi, so elevated, so li^dit, ami sprin^^ing, as it were, up to heaven, the rapture of the sjM'ctncle is really indescrihahle. " Tin; lissure continuing narrow, dfH'p, and straight for n ronsiderahle dis- tance ahove and 1m:Iow tiie hridge, opens a short hut very pleasing view of tho North Mountain on one side, and the MIuc^ Uidgc; on the other, at the distance, each of thenj, of ahout fiv(! miles. 'I'his liringraved them dv(\) and large, while others iMive tried to climh up and insert them high in this h(Mtk of fame. " A few years since, a young m;m, heing amhitions to place his nnmo ahovo all others, came very near losing his liti- in the attempt. Aft^er much fatigue he climl)cd up as high as possihU;, hut found that thl thus to Iwi discouraged. He opened a largo jack-knife, and in the soft lime-stone hegan to cut places for his hands nnd leet. With much patiiMicc and industry lie worked his way upwards, and suc- ceeded in carving his name higher than the most ambiti«)us had done before him. "lie could now triumph, but his triumpii wiis short, for ho was placed in \ 9G VIRGINIA. I ;"l||l«:' U'J. such a siliiation that it was iiiipus.sihlc! to (lusrfnd imli'ss lif fell upon tlin ragrrc'd rocks boin'atii Iiiin. Tlinro was no liousu I'l'ar, from wliicli his comiiaiiions could get nssistaiifi.'. Ih; could not roiiiiuii iu that condition, and, wliat was his ll tf luch fi lil( ll to do anv thinir l()r his relief. Th worse, looked upon liini as already dead, expecting every moment to see hjm prirJpi- tated upon tlio rocks below, and dashed to jMcces. Not so with himsell". He determined to ascend. vVccordingly he plied liinisell"* with his knire,"cutting places for his hands and leet, and iiiii'ki.* i,! Ijii ■liy Wi. W^ 'ii Hi! m llll «iii:!ffil'. tip Literature. mile. We here fuund ourselves e.\(;eedin}j;ly tuligued ; but our torches forbade our delay, and we oncf? more turned our lingeriiiff stips towards the coninion world. When arrived again at Washington llall, one of the company three times discharged a pistol, whose report was truly dealening. It was as loud as any cannon 1 ever heard, and as its sound reverberated and (choed through one room after another, till it died away in distance, it seemed like the moan- ings of spirits. We continued our wandering steps till we arrived once more at daylight, having be(.'n nearly three hours in the cavern. Banks in Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1804,) at Richmond, with branches 1830. at Petersburg, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, and Lynchburg ; Farmers' Bank of Virginia (incorporated 181.3,) at Richmond, with branches at Norfolk, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, Winchester, and Danville; Bank of the Valley, at VVinchester, with branches at Romney, Charlcstown, and Leesburg ; North-western Bank, at Wheeling. The aggregate amount of bank capital is $5,607,000. The Baidc of the United States has an office of dis- count and deposit at Richmond and Norfolk. Besides the University of Virginia, incorporated in 1819, and estab- lished at Charlottesville, Albemarle county, there are three colleges in this state ; William and Mary college, at Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney college, in Prince Edward county, on Appomatox river ; and Washington col- lege at Lexington, west of the Blue Ridge, near James river. Academies and common schools are also established in several towns. This state has jjro- duced a number of eminent characters, of whom Washington, the Great and the Good, is of most illustrious memory. It has furnished four of the presi- dents of the Union. Education is, however, generally much neglected, particu- larly among the lower classes. This state has a Literary Fund, created in 180'J, and amounting, in available capital, according to a late report, to $1,510,689 71. The income during the year 1830 was $71,887 94. All escheats, confisca- tions, and derelict property ; also all lands forfeited for the non-payment of taxes, and all sums refunded by the national government for the expenses of the late war, have been appropriated to the encouragement of learning. Of the interest of the fund, $15,000 are annually appropriated to the University of Virginia, and $45,000 to the education of the poor in the different counties, according to the ratio of white population. Internal im- Thc state has a permanent fund devoted to the purposes of internal provemcnt. improvement of $1,418,961 11 ; and a disposable fund of $681,630; total $2,100,591 11; [of this about $475,000 is at present unproductive.] Annual income from both funds, $121,836 75. This fund is managed by 13 directors, styled the Board of Public Works, 10 of whom are chosen annually by the legislature, 3 from the Trans-Alleghany District, 2 from the Valley Dis- trict, 3 from the Middle District, and 2 from the Tide-Water District. The governor, treasurer, and first auditor of the state, are, ex officio, members. In all canals and roads authorized by the state, this fund contributes three-fifths of the stock. The Board meets annually on the first Monday in January, and the members are paid $4 a day, and 20 cents a mile for travel. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was estimated at 45. Reiieioiis '^^^ Baptists in this state have 337 churches, 192 ministers, and denomina- 39,440 communicants ; the Methodists, 77 preachers and 27,947 tiong, 1831. jnembers; the Presbyterians, 104 churches, 75 ministers, 15 licenti- ates, and 7,508 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 45 ministers ; the Friends are considerably numerous, and there are some Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Jews. The first permanent English settlement formed in America was made, in 1607, by 105 adventurers, on James river, in this state, at a place named Jamestown, in honor of James I. of England. Several unsuc- cessful attempts had been made in the latter part of the preceding century, jm^Si^^kk. VIRGINIA. 09 , with branches urg ; Fiirincrs' hes at Norfolk, )unville; Bank irlestown, and mount of bank n office of dis- 819, and esfab- three colleges impden Sidney k'^ashington col- Academies and state has pro- , the Great and ir of the presi- fleeted, particii- reatedin 180ti, $1,510,689 71. beats, confisca- on-payment of le expenses of learning. Of the University Perent counties, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in Imnor of whom the country was nanoMl'" Virginia; which name, though now limited to a single state, iit the time of the settlement was applied to all the country in America lying between lot. 84® and 45=' N. The early history ottho colony is replete with int(>restfng and aliecliiig iiicidrnt.'s, occasioned by dangers and calamities; by sickness, want, and coiitcsts with the liidians. Hv this cdiislitiition the leirislativo power is vested in a sfiiatt? and ^ . 1 • ,.11 1 ■ 1 • .1 .11 'iM I < I \ Oiitlinetor a h(>us<' ot delfgates, which are together styled liie deneral Assem- iiicConiiiiu- biy of Virginia. The house of (Udegates consists of iy4 members, '^'^".•^■jjg^'l- chosen annually ; 31 from the 26 counties west of the Alleghany mountains; 25 from the 14 counties between the Alleghany mountains and Ulue Ri(]ge ; 42 from the 29 counties east of the Blue Kidge, and abfjve tide- water ; and 136 from the counties, cities, towns, and boroughs lying upon tide- w.'iter. The senate consists of 32 members, 13 from the counties west of the Blue Itidge, and 19 from the counties, cities, towns, and boroughs east thereof. The senators arc elected for four years ; and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. In all elections to any office or place of trust, honor, or profit, the votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. A reapportionment for representatives in both houses, is to take place every ten years, commencing in 1841, until which time there is to be no change in the number of delegates and senators from the several divisions ; and after 1841, ^ the number of delegates is never to exceed 150 ; nor that of the senators, 36. K^ The executive power is vested in a governor elected by the joint vote of the two houses of the general assembly. He holds his office three years, com- mencing on the 1st of January next succeeding his election, or on such other day as may be, from time to time, prescribed by law ; and he is ineligible for the three years next after the expiration of his term of office. There is a council of state, consisting of three members elected for three years, by the joint vote of the two houses ; the seat of one being vacated an- nually. The senior counsellor is lieutenant-governor. The judges of the supreme court of appeals and of the superior courts are elected by a joint vote of both liouses of the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until removed by a concurrent vote of both houses; but two-thirds of the members present must concur in such a vote, and the cause of removal be entered on the journals of each house. The right of suffrage is extended to every white male citizen of the common- wealth, resident therein, aged 21 years and upwards, who is (jualified to exer- cise the right of sutfrage according to the former constitution and laws ; — or who owns a freehold of the value of $25 ; or who has a joint interest to the amount of $25 in a freehold ; — or who has a life estate in, or reversionary title to, land of the value of $50, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own and be in the actual occupation of a leasehold estate, having the title recorded two months before he shall oiVcr to vote — rjf a term originally not less than fivp years, and of the annual valu(.' or rent of $200; — or who, for twelve months befon; offering to vote, has been a house-keeper and head of a fiimily, and shall have been assessed with a part of the revenue of the com- monw(>alth within tli(> jireceding year, and actually paid the same. It was enacted by the legislature, tliat the state; elections for the year 1831 should be held in the month of August, on the respective court days in the dif- ferent counties, and for all future years, in the month of April ; that the elec- tion for members of congress should be held in 1830, in August, and, after- wards, every second year, in April ; that the election of electors of president and vice-president of the United States should he held every fourth year on the 1st Monday in November ; that the legislature should meet hereafter on the 1st Monday in December ; that the term of the office of governor should commence on the 31st of March ; that the lieutenant-governor, while acting as governor, *^''^ m. lUU NORTH l'.\l{OI,Ii\A. •hou}d receive the same c'.oni|)ensaticin us tlic {/overnor ; uiid that the salaries of the oflicers of Iho executive department should remain the same as heretofore. Tht governor's annual salary is $3, 333 J. This state sends ii 1 representatives to coigress. NORTH CAROLINA. .- 1 ' ARMS OF NORTH CAROLINA. North Carolina is bounded N. by Virginia ; E. l.y the Atlantic; S. by South Carolina and Georgia, and W. bv Tennessee. It extends from lat. 33° 50' to 86" 30' N. and from long. 6° 20' W. to P 33' E. and contains 48,000 square miles. TABLE OF THC COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. CountieB. Pop. 1H20. Top. ISIIO. Coiiiity Towns. Dist. Irniii Ralfish. Anson s 12,ri34 l'',081 Wuclesborough 134 Ashe nw 4,335 0,991 JefIer.sonton 205 Beaufort e 9,850 10,949 Washington 122 Bertie em 10,805 12,276 Windsor 130 Bladen s 7,276 7,801 Elizabcthtown 99 Brunswick s 5,480 6,523 Smithville 178 Buncombe w 10,542 16,259 Ashville 259 Burke w 13,412 17,727 Morgantown 199 Cabarraa wm 7,248 8,796 Concord 141 Camden ne 6,347 6,721 New Lebanoh 201 Carteret € 5,609 6,607 Beaufort 166 Caswell n 13,253 15,188 Caswell C. H. 93 Chatham m 12,661 15,499 Pittsborough 33 Chowan ne 6,464 6,688 Edenton 155 Columbus s 3,912 4,141 Whitesville 138 Craven € 13,394 14,325 Newbern 120 Cumberland m 14,446 14,824 Fayetteville 61 Currituck ne 8,098 7,654 Currituck 211 .\oirni CAiior.iNA. 101 it the salaries as heretolbrt'. antic ; S. bv rom lat. 33° tains 4 18,000 at. triiiii alfiffh. 1:H 205 122 130 99 178 , 259 199 141 201 ' 166 93 33 55 38 20 61 ill TABI.i: OF ' rilK COr.NTlKS AM) (•Oir.NTY TOWJNS.— f.o/i/iHMt«i. ('olllltlfH. Top l-^JO I'np. l-:i(). Coiiiily Towiis Dixt. triiin Haloiuh. 110 Davidson V'ln 13,421 j Lexington Duplin ,vn 0,741 11 '$73 Kcnansville 120 Edgecomho 711 i;),-,'7(i ' 14,!);j3 Tarboroiigh 72 Franklin mil »,7ll 1I»,6G5 Loiiisburg 30 Gates II r 6,h:j7 7,'^66 Gates U. 11. 241 Granville II 1^,2 -J 2 19,343 O.xionl 47 Greene m 4,5;}3 (),313 ?rally is hut indifferent. On the hanks of some of the rivers, however, and particularly the Roanoke, it is remarkably fertile ; and in other parts, glades of rich swamp, and ridges of oak-land, of a black and fruitful soil, form an exception to its general sterility. The sea-coast, the; sounds, inlets, and lower parts of rivers, have invariably a soft muddy bottom. That part of the state which lies west of the mountains, is, for the most part, remarkably fertile, and abounds with oak trees of various kinds, walnut, elm, line, and cherry trees ; the last of which grows there to such a size that many of them are three feet in diameter. The soil and productions, in the hilly country, are nearly the same as in the northern states. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, and flax, are the crops most generally cultivated, and seem to suit well the nature of the soil. Throughout the whole state, Indian corn and pulse of all kinds are abundant. Cotton is raised in considerable quantities. Of the plains in the low country, the large natural growth is almost univer- sally pitch pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which grows here to a size far supe- rior to the pitch j)ine of the northern states. This valuable tree affords pitch, tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber, which, together, constitute about one-half of the exports of North Carolina. It is of two kinds, the common and the long-leaved. The latter differs from other pines, not in shajie, but in the length of its leaves, which are nearly half a yard long, and hang in large clus- ters. The trees in the low countries both of North and South Carolina, are loaded with quantities of a long, spongy moss, which, hanging in clusters from the limbs, give to the forests a singular appearance. The misletoe frequently engrafts itself upon the trees in the back country. In this part plums, grapes, blackberries and straw I x^rries grow spontaneously; also several valuable medicinal plants, as ginseng, Virginia snake-root, Seneca snake-root, and some others. The rich bottoms are overgrown with canes, the leaves of which con- tinue green through the winter, and aflord goocTpasture for cattle. North Carolina is far removed from that perfection of culture which is neces- sary to give it tlie full advantage of the natural richness of its soil and the value of its productions. One great cause of its backwardness in agricultural im- provement, is the want of inland navigation and of good harbors. The gold mines of North Carolina, which have lately excited much interest, are found on the Yadkin and its branches, in the neighbor- hood of Wadesborough and Salisbury, and extend over a considerable district, in almost any part of which gold may be found in greater or less abundance. Gold mines. P .M . H NOKTIl (JAliULINA. 103 rpnrnlrd frniri y hrond buys, iiiid (Jcrju'dkc puss, fll llir> tisivt! swamps 'V<'|. Hcyoiid es into niouii- rf! a f('\v niilt's okc, I'ainlico, produce of 11 siiif^lc point which a sali- iictions of the ?, and also on s of Virtrinia ; 2;one to Soulli r, rice, cotton, the ports of ifnks of some kably fertile ; d, of a black sea-coast, the iiddy bottom. most part, walnut, elm, ic that many in the hilly rye, barley, 1 to suit well ind pulse of most univer- ze far supe- ffords pitch, stitutc about ommon and ?, but in the 1 large clus- 'arolina, are lusters from e frequently ims, grapes, al valuable )t, and some which con- ch is neces- nd the value :;ultural im- scited much e neighbor- ble district, abundance. nil.\e( 1 with tliu soil. It <^xisls in grains or masses, from almost imperceptible vm particli's to lumps of two pounds' weight. The first account of gold from North Carol gold irom iXirin v arolina, on the records of the mint of fill" I'liitcd States, occurs in l^l-l, in which year it was received to the amount of 811,01)0. It'conlinued to he received during the succeeding jcnrs, until iwyi inclusive, in dillerent (piantities, but less than that of 1814, and on an averatre not cxceedinLr i^'-'jOOO a year. In 1«'J5, the amount received was !»(17,000rin l"^-'*, •*'"-'0,0t)0 ; in \'^-21, about .*!-Jl,O00; in l^'-id, nearly .$.l(i,O0O; in l^JO, .«ir-."^,000 ; and in 1h;)0, §•,'(» 1,000. These mint's are very extensive; and a succession of gold mines has been discovered in the country lying to the east of the Hlue llidge, extending from the vicinitv f>f the river I'otomac into the state of Alabama. 'J'liese mines are now wrougnt, to a greater or less extent, hi the states of Virginia, North Caro- lina, South Carolina, and (Jeorgia. 'i'he Stati; I'aidi of North Carolina, at Raleigh, with six branches; BankH in Cape Fear Itank, at Wilmington, with branches at Fayettevide, Su- ''^^• lem, Charlotte, and Hillsborough; Newbern Hank, at Newlx-rn, with branches at Ualeigh, Halifax, and Milton. The amount of bank capital is !8i;},'J00,000. Th(! Hank of the United States has an ollice (jf discount and deposit at Fayetteville. The principal literary institution in this state is the University of ^^ North Carolina, at Cha|)el Hill. Academies are established at various places. The state has a literary fund, arising from bank dividends, «S:c. amoimting to upwards of $70,000. it is provided, that when this fund shall have accumulated to a sulFicient amount, the income of it shall be divided among the several counties, in proportion to the free population, for tlie support of common schools. There an; 12 periodical presses in this state. 'I'lie Bai)tists in this state have 14 associations, 272 churches, 139 „ ,. . ^ ministers, and 15,530 communicants; the Presbyterians have 126 dunniniiia- churches, 57 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 5,907 communicants ; the """*• jMethodists, 32 preachers, and 12,641 members ; tlie Lutherans, 45 congrega- tions, 16 ministers, and 1,888 communicants; the Fipiscopalians, 11 ministers; tlu; United brethren, 4 congregations, and 1,727 members; the Friends have a number of societies. The first permanent settlements were formed about the middle of the seventeenth century. North Canjlinu was long united under the same government with South Carolina : it was for many years called the County of Albemarle, or the County of Albemarle in Carolina, and about the beginning of the 18th century, the Colony of North Carolina. As early as 1715, it had a separate legislative assembly, at which Charles Eden was gov- ernor ; and in the year 1727, it was formed into an entirely distinct province. The constitution of North Carolina was agreed to and resolved . . upon, bv representatives chosen for that purpose, at Halilax, Decern- and eoveru- ber 18, "l 776. ""'"»• The legislative authority is vested in a body, styled The General Assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of commons, both elected annually by the people. One senator and two members of the house of commons are sent from each of the 62 counties ; and one of the latter also from each of the towns of Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough, and Halifax. The chief executive officer is the governor, who is chosen annually by a joint vote of the two houses ; and he is eligible for 3 years only in 6. He is assisted by an executive council of seven members, chosen annually by a joiiit vote of the two houses. In case of the death of the governor, his duties devolve upon the speaker of the senate. ^ . , *!•> ■^*id' 104 SOUTH (•AIi<.)IJNA. ml mm Thn judges of the sii|ir(rii'' mid sii|)(,Tior courls aiu {iiipuintcd Ly a juint vote of the two lioiiscs, (111(1 liold llnir ollicts (iiiriiiL'' f^'.nd luliiivinr. Tho roiiKtitution ^rniifs the ri;;lit ofvutiii^ lipi- iik iiiIkts oftlif luiusf of com. moiiH to all fn^c'iiicii of the auo of yi years, wlio have b«'en iidialiilnnfs of any one «'oiinty within the state twelve months iniin('diate|yi)reeediriLr tiie dav of unv election, and h.ive paid |)id)lie taxes; I iil in order to he (ntitled to vot(3 lor senators, they must he possessed of a iVt'ehold of 5U acres of land. The governor's ainnial salary is !5!:.',(Jt)(l. 'J'hia state sends llj representa- tives to congress. SOUTH CAROLINA. ARMS OF SOUTH CAUOLINA. Length, 188 miles; breadth, 160: containing 30,000 square miles. Be- Iween 32° 2' and 3.5^^ 10' N. long, and between 1° 45' and

jri.««i/js, us gin n in the usr (jfcnni. S Census of Ifi'M. ints (if Jiiiy 1 Ablx^ville District^ 2H,134 (Jeorucfown District 19,943 (liiy nl'aiiy 9 Anderson do 17,170 (ircicuvillc do 16,476 to v()t(3 lur S Hnrnwi;ll do " 19,236 Horry, dfr 5,323 '.S Clmrlcston Citu 30,2H9 Kershaw do 13,.545 rcprcsfiitu- ^M • (;hnrl»'ston Neck, 10,054 Lancaster, do 10,361 iJh St. Andrew 's Parish 3,727 Laurens, do 20,863 I^H St. John's ( Joileton 10,045 Lexington, do 9,07(J ^^B St. Jmncs, (j(x)se Creek, 8,632 Marion do 11,208 ■H St. Stephen's, 2,416 Marlborough, do 8,578 ^H Christ Church, 3,412 Newl)crry, do 17,441 ^^H St. Jnmes, Santee, 3,743 Orangeljurgh, do 18,455 |f|H St. Thomas and St. Dennis, 3,055 Pickens, do 14,475 ^H St. Peter's Parish 3,834 Richland, do 11,465 ^ hB St. Helena ' 8,799 (V)lumiiia, Totcn 3,310 ^^1 St. Luke's, 9,659 Spartanburgh, District 21,148 ^H Prince William's 9,040 Sumter, do 28,278 9H Chester, District 19,182 Union, do 17,908 9 Chesterfield, do 8,472 Washinpton, do _' 13,728 Colleton, do 27,256 Willianisburgh, do 9,015 s^H Edgefield, do 30,511 York, do 17,785 ' ^' I^H Fairfield, do 21,546 ^B Total popula lion, 581,^ [58. Slaves, 315,665. ^H Population at different Periods. l^^^l Population. SlavM. j^H In 1790, 249,073 107,094 j^H 1800, 345,591 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 96,.518 146,151 ; 1^1 1810, 415,115 1800 1810, 69,524 1 Qfi Sfi.'i ± i7\J^tJ\JtJ ^H 1820, 502,741 1810 1820, 86,626 258,475 , ■ ^H 1830, 581,458 1820 1830, 78,717 315,365 % miles. Be- 5' W. lon, and well adapted to the culture of corn, as well ns indigo and (;otfnn. Tile pine-barren, though the least productive, is so much morn salubrious than the other soils in the low country, that a proportion of pine- barren is an appendage indispensably necessary to every swamp plantation. The sta|)Ie conmioditics of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are aimuidly exported. These articles have so engrossed the atten- tion of the planters, that the culture of wheat, barley, oats, and other crops equally useful, but less profitable, has been almost wholly neglected. So littlo wheat is raised throughout the state, that considerable quantities are annually imported. Cotton was not raised in any considerable quantities till as late as 1795. Before that period indigo was, next to rice, the most important article of produce ; but it is now neglected. Tobacco thrives well. The exports, in 1829, amounted to $9,179,409. The fruits which flourish best are pears, pomegranates, and water-melons ; the latter, in particular, grow to an enor- mous size, and ai-e superior perhaps to any in the world. Other fruits are figs, apricots, nectarines, apples, peaches, olives, almonds, and oranges. The period of vegetation comprehends, in favorable yeai's, from 7 to 8 months, commencing in January or February, and terminating in October or November. The frosts generally in the months of November, December, Jan- uary, and February, are too severe for the delicate productions of more southern latitudes. The low country is seldom covered with snow ; but the mountains near the w(!stern boundary arc often mantled in that wintry robe. Frost some- times binds up the earth, but seldom penetrates deeper than two inches, or lasts longer than three or four days. At some seasons, and particularly in Feb- ruary, the weather is very variable. The temperature has been known to vary 46 degrees in one day. In Charleston for seven years the thermometer was not known to rise above 93 degrees, or to fall below 17 above 0. The number of extreme hot days in Charleston is seldom more than 30 in a year ; and there are about as many sultry nights, in which the heat and closeness of the air arc such as to prevent the enjoyment of sound sleep. The low country is infested with all the diseases which spring from a warm, moist, and unelastic atmosphere. Of these the most frequent are fevers, from which the inhabitants suffer more than from any, or perhaps from all other dis- eases together. The districts of the upper country enjoy as salubrious a cli- mate as any part of the United States. The Santee Canal, 22 miles long, forms a junction between the Santee and the Cooper river, which flows into Charleston harbor ; and it rpens to the city I I •'A ti its summit, {ivor, fertile, ntry beyond thorn statrs. 3 ; the lively :isive forests, heir streams oni these do- ATfHtcrn limit most distill- tioy, Oconct', ricts of Pen- u-swamp. '-'. ished by tlic ry high land, he culture of np corn, niul hickory land /veil as indif^i) » much mort! rtion of pi no- plantation. which great sed the atten- i other crops :ed. So littlo are annually ill as late as )ortant article le exports, in are pears, to an enor- ruits are figs, rom 7 to 8 October or cember, Jan- [lore southern 16 mountains Frost some- ches, or lasts irly in Feb- lown to vary nometer was The number ; and there fthe air arc •om a warm, fevers, from ill other dis- ibrious a cli- Santee and I to the city Ay •a SOUTH CAROLINA. 107 the commerce of the interior of South iind iNortli Carolina. A rail-mnd from Charleston to Hamburg, on the Suvaiiimli, nppdsite to Augusta, 1.10 miles long, i.j now in progn'ss. Scivera! miles, extendiiii,' from ClmrleMtr)u, were com- pleted in 18.M(), and a locomotive stcain-car has bc-en plaetd upon it, moving at the rate of 15 miles an hour. Gold is found in ronsiderable quantities; the amount reccivcii, at the United Staf(!3' mint, ifi 1h3(), frotn liiis state, was igCiO.UOO. There arc 9 l)anks and branches of batiks in this stat(> ; (i at Charleston, 1 at Columbia, 1 at (Jeorgetown, and I at CamiU'n. The principal literary institutions of this state are the College of South Carolina, at ('olumbia, and Charleston Colleirc, in Charleston. The college of South Carr)lkna has iK'en built and supported by the state legis- lature; and the stun of tiearly !$'JUO,(K)0 has been expeiith-d iipoti the luiildings, library, philosf)phical apparatus, imd (X'casional repairs. In additinti to this, the legislature makes an annual appropriation of abotit $15,000 to dtifray the expenses of the institution ; and it also sitj)|)orts two iK^ncticiaries at the collt.-ge, at the annual expense of $260 each. The legislature makes an annual appropriation of nearly $40,000 far the stipport of free schools. The Commissioners of Free Sch(X>ls, Jit the session of the legislature, in 1828, reported that 840 schools were established through- otit the state, in which 9,036 scholars were instructed, at the expense of $39,716. The annual appropriation, in 1829, was $37,200. The number of periodical presses in 1831, was 15. The Methodists in this state have 54 preachers and 25,114 mem- ng,j )„„, bers; the Baptists, 6 associations, 159 churches, 131 ministers, and donomina- 12,316 communicants; the Presbyterians, 77 churches, 46 ministers, "°"* 7 licentiates, and 6,671 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 34 ministers ; there are also some Associate Presbyterians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Uni- tarians. This state, together with North Carolina and Georgia, was first granted to the earl of Clarendon and others, by Charles 11., in 1663; and the first per- manent settlement was made at Charleston, in 1680. South Carolina was for a considerable time the scat of the revolutionary war ; and Charleston and Camden, also the places named Eutaw Springs and Cowi)ens, were rendered memorable by warlik(> nchievements. The first constitution of this stutf; was liirined in 1775; the c„„gijm. present constitution was adopted in 1790. The legislative authority tion nnd (fo- is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of n. Senate and a House *'*""'"«"'• of Representatives. The senate consists of 45 niemters, who are elected by districts for four years, one half being chosen biennially. The house of repre- sentatives consists of 124 members, who aro apportioned among the. several districts, according to the number of white inhabitants and taxation; and are elected for two years. The rcj)resentativrs .-md one half of tlie senators aro chosen every second year, on the second Monday in October and the day fol- lowing. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for two years, by a joint vote of the senate and house of represetitatives, at every first meeting of the house of representatives. A governor, after having perform- ed the duties of t% office for two years, cannot be re-elected till after the expiration of four years. At the time of the elrsction of governor, a lieu- tenant-governor is #iosen in the satno manner, and for the same period. The general assembly meets annually, at Cclittnbia, on the fourth Monday in November. The chancellor and judges are appointed by the joint ballot of the senate and house of representatives, and hold their offices during good be- havior. The constitution grants the right of suftrage to every free white male citizen, of the age of 21 years, having resided in the state two years pre- 108 _ (;i«:()iujiA. vious ti» tli(3 (iuy of r'lcrtion, nml Imviii^ Imh-u p«iss«'H8cil »»f a fn'rhold of 80 acres of liiii«l, or a fnwii lot, iit Ird.st six iimntlis ln-rnrr Hurli cifffidn, or (not having .sufli rr«H-lioI(l or town lot) havin;; iKrti a ri-sidcnf in llio ejection district in wWu'h lie olUrfl liim voto, six iiKinlliM iM'forr- said clcrtidh, nml Imvin^ paid a tnx llir pncfdiii^ yrar of .'J.». Ntcrlin;,' towards the support of the govcrnnn'iif. Thn povpinor's nniiiiai salary is :\,M{) dollJars. South C-'arolina semis i) reproBcntutiveH to congress. GEORGIA. F*. T: ARMS OF CF,ORC;iA. Lenotu, 800 miles ; breadth, 200 : contuininir 51^,000 square miles. Be- tween 30° 19' and ;?r)= N. L. and li" Tr2' and 8° 47' W. L. Bounded north by Tennessee and North Carolina ; north-east by Sr in Jctlf-rson cm loncs m Laurens m Lee tcm Liberty .«<■ Lincoln nm Lowndes s Madison n Mcintosh se Marion wvi Meriwether nw Monroe m Montgomery m Morgan nm Muscogee w Newton nwm Oglethorpe nm Pike wm Pulaski m Putnam m Rabun • n Randolphi'f' to Richmond e Scrivcn *> e Talbot w Taliaferro nm Tatnall cm »f- Colnriid. ',\,rm •J, 541 1,50". 1,74« 6,501 2,l(iH 4,2(W 7,712 597 5,()2(» 1(),9:H 9,733 10,573 4,607 2,H31 7,991 5,101 1,060 6,1 H4 6,767 3,603 6,469 3,1H8 1,367 1,588 2,824 2,113 3,305 1,095 1,327 3,018 8,836 934 5,146 2,261 8,131 5,554 4,362 3,117 5,512 2,114 1,508 5,163 2,387 3,839 2,162 1,519 1,372 1,7 -.'3 l,:i07 l,»71 34^ 546 5,H53 513 1,233 2,423 3,970 7,525 2,2 s2 915 1,1 H2 7,215 2,274 2,570 2,208 114 2,816 (},3(J4 3,706 6,873 2,390 307 5,646 3,313 340 1,261 3,903 109 1,406 7,366 335 6,877 1,247 3,023 8,004 1,694 1,782 7,744 61 683 6,481 2,389 2,101 2,770 520 Toinl Pop. 5,006 5,31 I K^ot"; 2.1 3r Cnunly Towns. Irwin C. H. JeHerson Monticello fjoui.sville ('linton Dublin •.' Pindertown Riccborough liincolnton Kranklinville Daniclsville Darien Marion C. H. Greenville Forsythc Mount Vernon Madison Columbus Covington Lexington Zebulon Hartford Eatonton '''|'' Clayton Randolph C. H. Augusta Jucksonborough Talbotton Crawfordsville Perry's Mills 129 60 20(1 117 97 227 IHl 101 79 187 114 200 44 93 144 123 24 134 85 ■ 60 98 35 52 22 47 130 202 100 187 92 187 174 211 60 89 44 120 60 69 86 67 22 174 170 90 144 112 47 115 S^' ]"{>. 1' f ■ I fa,* ' ■' T (• ^ no GEORGIA. TABI.K OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS.— Continwxl. Diiitnncu Counti(!S. VVIifteg. Colored. Total Pop. County Towns. fr. Mil- ledgHvillp, 111 Telfair m 1,569 567 2,136 Jacksonville Thomas 3 2,127 1,169 3,296 Thomasvillc 235 Troup W 3,007 2,192 5,799 Lagrange 133 Twiggs m 4,495 3,534 8,029 Marion 37 Upson nwm 4,444 2,509 7,013 Upson C. H. 87 Walton nwm 7,763 3,168 10,931 Monroe 72 Ware s 1,132 G2 1,194 Waresboroiigh 161 Warren nm 6,044 4,«02 10,846 Warrcnton 49 Washington m 5,905 3,915 9,820 Sandersville 27 Wayne se 676 286 962 Waynesville 190 Wilkes nw 5,265 8,972 14,237 Washington 64 Wilkinson 76 Total m 4,603 1,955 6,558 Irwinton 20 516,507 Population at different Periods. ti 1790, 1800, 1810 Population. 82,548 162,686 252,433 . 348,989 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 1 Ron 1 ft! 80,138 89,747 88,456 Slaves. 29,264 59,699 105,218 149,656 1820, 1810 1820, 1880, 516,567 1820 1830, 165,578 217,470 Milledgeville is the seat of government. Savannah and Augusta are the largest towns. The other most considerable towns are Washington, Louisville, Darien, St. Mary's, Grecnsborough, Petersburg, and Sparta. The principal rivers are the Savannah, Ogechee, Altamaha, Satilla, Oak- mulgee, Oconee, St. Mary's, Flint, Chatahoochce, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. The coast of Georgia for four or five miles inland is a salt marsh, mostly uninhabited. In front of this, towards the sea, there is a chain of islands of a gray rice soil, covered in their natural state with pine, hickory, and live oak, and yielding on cultivation sea-islrnd cotton. The principal of these islands are Wassaw, Ossabaw, St. Catharine's, Sapello, St. Simon's, Jckyl, and Cum- berland. Back of the salt marsh there is a narrow margin of land, of nearly the same quality with that of the islands. In the rear of this margin com- mences the pine barrens. The rivers and creeks are everywhere bordered with swamps or marsh, which, at every tide, for fifteen or twenty miles from the coast, are either wholly or partially overflowed. These constitute the rice plantations. The pine barrens extend from 60 to 90 miles from the sea, beyond which the country becomes uneven, diversified with hills and mountains, of a strong, rich soil, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain. The north-western part of the state is mountainous, and abounds in sublime and picturesque scenery. The soil of Georgia is various ; but a large proportion of it is very produc- tive. At a distance from the sea it changes frorn gray to red ; in some places it is gravelly, but fertile ; and farther back into the country its tint is gradually deepened, till it becomes what is called the mulatto .soil, consisting of black mould and red earth. This sort of land is generally strong, and affords abun- dant crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, &c. It is succeeded in its turn by a soil that is nearly black, and very rich, on which are large quantities of black walnut and mulberry. The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are exported. The forests afford an abundant supply of fine timber, consisting chiefly of oak, pine, hickory, mulberry, and cedar. The kinds of f. « ■'I 4 $ b iiiS:|i GEORGIA. Ill fruit arc mfilons in grcut p(!rll-ction, fiys in plenty, oranges, pomegranates, oliv<^s, loinons, liinos, citrons, p( nrs, and pcarhos. Tho pine barrens produce grapes of largo size and cxoollrnt ilavor. The exports, whicli consist chiefly of cotton, rice, hiniher, tobacco, canes, dccr-skins, and maize, amounted, in lb21), to 4,981, 0.'W dollars. Tlic winters in (Jeorgia are mild and pleasant; snow is seldom seen, nor is vegetation interrupted by severe frosts. The thermometer usually fluctuates iK'tween 40 and (iO (l(\grees. In tlie low country, in the vicinity of the swamps, bilious complaints and levers are very common, during tho months of July, August, and September. At the approach of this season, the rich planters, with their families, remove either to the s(>a islands, or to more elevated situations. There arc several valuable mineral springs in this state; one near Washing- ton; one in Jellerson county, 1^ miles south-east of Louisville ; and another in Madison county, live miles from Danielsvillo. Two considerable tribes of Indians reside partly within the chartered limits of this slate; tlu; Cherokees in the north-western part, and the Creeks in the western. The Cherokeei; have made greater advances in the arts of civilized life than arty other tribe of North American Indians. A pro[)osition to remove them to the west of the Mississippi, which has been rc!ccntly made, has excited a deep interest throughout the country; and it is to be hoped that such a course will Ik" pursued as'shall be consistent at once with justice and humanity, — with the welfare of the (-herokces, and the honor of the United States. " Within the last 20 years the Cherokccs have rapidly advanced towards civilization. They now live in comfortable houses, chiefly in villages, and cultivate large farms. They raise large herds of cattle, which they sell for beef to the inhab- itants of the neighboring states." Gold is found in considerable quantities in this state. The amount received from Georgia,- at tho United States' mint, in 1830, was $212,000. The gold mines which have been discovered arc in the northern part of the stdte, near the sources of the Catahooche, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. There arc 19 banks and branches in this state, 4 at Savannah, 4 at Augusta, 3 at Millcdgcville, 1 at Washington, 1 at Daricn, 1 at Jonesborough, 1 at Eaton- ton, 3 at Macon, and 1 at Columbus. Tho state penitentiary is at Milledgevillc. Th(! principal literary seminary in this state is Franklin College, or the Uni- versity of Georgia, at Athens, which has funds to the amount of $136,000, of which $100,000 are invested in the Bank of the State of Georgia, which stock the state guaranties to yield eight per cent, per annum. The following statement relating to education is given by Mr. Sherwood in his " Gazetteer of Georgia." — " There are about 80 incorporated academies in this state, 64 of which have been brought into operation. The average num- ber of pupils in each, is 47 = 3,008. In the northern and southern sections of the state, there arc probably 5 common schools m each county ; 40 counties ; 30 juipils each —6,000. In the iniddic section, say 7 common schools in each county; 25 counties =5,250. Total number of pupils in the academies and common schools, 14,258." Tho state possesses "Academy and Poor School Fluids" to a considerable amount. By an act of the legislature of 1792, each county academy was allowed to purchase the value of £1,000 of confiscated property : 1,000 ycres of land in each county were granted for the support of schools ; and also a fund of $250,000, to be vestcxl in stocks for the same purpose. In 1831 there were 20 periodical presses in this state. The Methodists, in this state, have 64 preachers, and 27,038 mem- j^^,. ^^^ lx?rs; the Baptists, 12 associations, 390 churches, 205 ministers, and denomill*. 31,797 communicants ; the Presbyterians, 55 churches, 31 ministers, ''""■• and 3,034 communicants; the Episcopalians, 4 churches and 4 ministers; the Roman Catholics, 3 churches and 3 ministers. M iMBMlgW '■HI^^HH K^-'-'^E JHbklSI BPi^t'vf Kf*):!'! BsBS'Hy BiliB«M>ii K^?'>; i'^4 mi' t 113 ALABAMA. Iliitory. The first English settlement of Georgia was commenced in 1733, at Savannah, by general Oglethorpe, together with 160 persons. „ The first constitution of Georcia \v{is formed in 1777 : u seconu, Constitution. ,___ i i • i i • • • ,-,/,-, mi i • and govern- m 178o ; and a third, the one now in operation, in 1798. 1 he legis- meni. jative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually on the first Monday in October. One senator is elected for each county, and the number of representatives is in proportion to population, including three fifths of all the people of color ; but each county is entitled to at least one, and no one to more than four, members. The executive power is vested in a governor, who was formerly elected by the general asscntbly ; but he is now (and ever since 1824 elected by the people on the first Monday in October ; and he holds the office for two years. Tlic general assembly meets (at Milledgeville) on the first Monday in November ; unless convened at another time by the governor. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to all " citizens and inhabitants, who have attained the age of 21 years, and have paid all the taxes which may have been required of them, and which they may have had opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election, and shall have resided six months within the county." The judicial power is vested in a Superior Court and in sucii inferior juris- dictions as the legislature may, from time to time, ordain and establish ; and the superior and inferior courts sit twice in each county every year. The judges of the Superior Court are elected by the legislature for three years ; the justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadriennially by the people ; and the clerks of the superior and inferior courts biennially. The annual salary of the governor is 3,000 dollars. ! This state sends nine representatives to congress. ; • • •57,00(), derived from the donation of the general government, rents of lands, thret; per cent, on all sales of public lands, fines, forfeitures, &c. But no portion of it is available till it shall amount to $50,000. In 1829, a Board of Internal Improvement was organized by the intpmni im- legislature, consistinfj of the "-ovcrnor and three commissioners. The pfveincnt. board was authorizcid to einj)loy a civil engineer, and to negotiate a loan of the sum of $200,000 upon the credit of the state, to be appropriated for the improvement of the navigable streams and public roads within the state. By an act of congress, passed March 1, 1817, five per cent, of th(; neat proceeds of the sales of the public lands within the state, was reserved for making roads and canals ; and three-fifths of this (called the Three per cent. Fund) are sub- ject to appropriation by the state legislature to those objects xcithin the state ; the other two-fifths are at the disposal of congress for roads leading to the state. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 10. The Methodists in this state have 23 preachers, and 5,918 mera- Religious bers; the Baptists, 3 associations, 58 churches, 12 ministers, and denomina- 1,714 communicants; the Presbyterians, 25 churches, 21 ministers, '""*■ 3 licentiates, and about 950 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 4 ministers ; and there are some Roman Catholics. The first settlement of whites in Mississippi was made by the French at Natchez, about the year 1716; in 1729, these colonists were massacred by the Natchez Indians ; but in the succeeding year, this once powerful tribe was extirpated by the French. But ^evf American settlements were made in this country till near the end of the last century. In 1800, the territory was erected into a separate go- vernment, and, in 1817, into an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed at the town of Washing- o-ongtitu- ton, in August, 1817. tion and go- The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Repre- ^*'"""""- sentatives, which are together styled The General Assembly of the State of Mississippi. The representatives are elected annually on the first Monday in August, in the ratio of one to every 3,000 white inhabitants. Each county, however, is entitled to one ; and the present whole number is 33. According to the consti- tution, when the number of white inhabitants exceeds 80,000, the number of representatives cannot be less than 36, nor more than 100. The members of the senate are elected for three years, one third being chosen annually. Their number cannot be less than one fourth, nor more than one third of the whole number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people, for two years, on the first Monday in August. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the executive duties devolve in case of the death, resignation, or absence of the governor. The general assembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in November. The right of suffrage is granted to every free white male citizen of the History. 118 LOUISIANA. United States, of the aj^e of 21 years or upwards, who has resided within this state one year next preccdinff an election, and the last six months within the county, city, or town in which he otlers to vote, and is enrolled in the militia thereof, unless exemptc.'d by law from military service ; or, having the aforesaid qualifications of citizenship and residence, has paid a state or county tax. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, and such superior and in- ferior courts of law and equity, as the legislature may, from time to time, es- tablish. The judges of the several courts are elected by the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, till the age of 65 years. The governor's salary is $2,500, This state sends two representatives to congress. "''"»ijiiF If 'i tt-^jo ■ !■■'•-, V m- 'I'KNNESSKH Via there ar« re arc few iliptte, two ixplon^d by w!ttlcment id«'d. rritory now irchttHcd of tion of this lited States, h n view to • ndjuining bly directed the British the 8th of ithdrew the rhe legisla- atives, both isiana. The uesday, and »re than 50 ; ascertained I elected for the election icts, in each a governor, votes for a [lators ; and bly, the two didates who commences jmbly meets t Monday in lited States, frage is pos- of 21 years, next preced- on has paid ch possesses slature may ice and coH' sentatives to I i TENNRSSKh:. Bounded N. by Kentucky ; E. by North Carolina ; S. by Georgia, ■ Alalmina, and MissiMsippi ; and W. by MiHsissinpi river, which sepa- rates It from Arkansas territory. It lies between U5^ and 36" 30' N. lat. and Ix'twwn 4" 30' and 10° W. long. It is 430 miles long, 104 broad, and con- tains 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. West Tennessee, Counlici. Pop. I»20. pop. 1830, County Town*. Dim. lYom \Bthville. Bedford m 16,012 30,444 Shelby VI lie 62 Carroll u 9,378 Huntingdon 109 Davidson Nashville, m town 20,154 22,523 5,566 > Nashville Dickson wm 5,190 7,261 Charlotte 40 Dyer to 1,904 Dyersburg 168 Fayette fie 8,654 Somerville 184 Fentress n 2,760 Jamestown 131 Franklin a 16,571 15,644 Winchester 82 Gibson tc 5,801 Trenton 139 Giles a 12,558 18,920 Pulaski 77 Hardiman »IC 11,628 Bolivar 158 Hardin sw 1,462 4,867 Savannah 112 Haywood w 5,356 Brownsville 275 Henderson wm 8,741 Lexington 130 Henry nw 12,230 Paris . , 108 Hickman m 6,080 8,132 Vernon 66 Humphreys wm 4,067 6,189 Reynoldsburgh > ' 77 Jackson n 7,593 9,902 Gainesborough 79 Lawrence a 3,271 5,412 Lawrenceburgh 76 Lincoln a 14,761 22,086 Fayetteville 73 Madison w 11,750 Jackson 147 Maury m 22,141 28,153 Columbia 42 McNaJry a 5,697 Purdy 128 Montgomery n 12,219 14,365 Clarksville 46 Obion nw 2,099 Troy 161 Overton n 7,188 8,246 Monroe 109 Perry wm 2,384 7,038 Shannonsville 114 Robertson n 7,270 13,302 Springfield 25 Rutherford m 19,552 26,133 Murfreesborough 83 Shelby sw 364 6,652 Memphis 224 Smith n 17,580 21,492 Carthage 52 Sumner n 19,211 20,606 Gallatin 26 Stewart nw 8,397 6,988 Dover 81 Tipton w 6,317 !!]!ovington 197 Warren m 10,348 15,351 VIcMinnville 74 Wayne a 2,459 6,013 Waynesborough 92 Weakley nw 4,796 Dresden , ^ ^, 132 White m 8,701 9,967 i Sparta 92 Williamson m 20,640 26,608 ] i^ranklin 18 Wilson nm 40 Total of W.Tenn.' 18,730 25,477 J liebanon 31 ivea. 287,501 488,448 fwhom 124,492 are sIj -3^' 124 TENNRSSER. m m TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS.— Continue./. East Tennessee. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. IKIO. County Towns. Dist. frum Nashville ~r95~ Anderson m 4,468 6,312 Clinton Bledsoe m 4,005 6,448 Pikeville 109 Blount e 11,258 11,027 Marysville 197 Campbell n 4,244 5,110 Jacksonborough 215 Carter ne 4,835 6,41.8 Elizabethtown 316 Claiborne n 5,508 8,470 Tazewell 243 Cocke e 4,892 6,048 Newport 247 Granger etn 7,651 10,066 Rutledge 232 Greene e 11,221 14,410 Greenville 273 Hamilton sem 821 2,274 Hamilton C. H. 148 Hawkins ne 10,949 13,683 Rogersville 264 Jefferson e 8,953 11,799 Dandridge 229 Knox em 13,034 14,498 Knoxvillo 199 McMinn 8em 1,623 14.497 Athens 153 Marion s 3,888 5,516 Jasper 114 Monroe se 2,529 13,709 Madisonville 168 Morgan n 1,676 2,582 Montgomery 46 Rhea em 4,215 8,182 Washington 129 Roane e 7,895 11,340 Kingston 159 Sevier e 4,772 5,117 Sevier C. H. 225 Sullivan ne 7,015 10,073 Blountsville 306 Washington 22 Total of E. e Tenn. 9,557 10,995 Jonesborough 298 aves. 135,312 196,374, of whom 17,890 are si West Tennessee East Tennessee Population. . 488,448 196,374 Slaves. - 124,492 - 17,890 Total of Tennessee, 684,822 Population at different Periods, 142,382 Population. 1800, 105,642 1810, '■''1 .727 1820, 420,^:3 1830, 684,822 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 156,125 1810 1820, 159,086 1820 1830, 264,009 Slaves. 13,584 44,535 80,107 142,382 Towns. The chief towns are Nashville, Knoxville, Murfreesboro', Clarks- ville, Fayetteville, Columbia, Newport, Shelbyville, Jonesboro', Gallatin, Franklin, Winchester, Memphis. Jackson, Pulaski, Lebanon, Car- thage, Charlotte, Reynoldsburg, Springfield, Huntsville, Jonesboro', Maryville, Clinton, Kingston, M'Minnville, and Williamsburg. Nashville is the metropolis and capital. The principal rivers are Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Clinch, Duck, Holston, French-Broad, Notahacky, Hiwassee, Tellico, Reelfoot, Obion, Forked Deer, Wolf, and Elk river. Tennessee is washed by the great river Mississippi on the west, and the fine rivers Tennessee and Cumberland pass through it in very serpentine courses. The western part is undulating ; some of it level ; in the middle it is hilly ; and the eastern part, known by the name of East Tennessee, abounds in mountains, many of them lofty, and presenting scenery peculiarly grand and picturesque. Of these mountains the Cumberland, or great Laurel Ridge, is the most remark- nble. Stone, Yellow, Iron Bald, Smoky, and Unaka mountains, join each =1 TENNESSEE. 125 ed. 1 — i)iRt. from Vaehville 1 109 vf 197 215 i 316 ■'.A 243 1 247 1 232 273 148 ■I 264 ''d 229 1 199 153 *':$ 114 ■^ 168 46 ■j^ 129 159 ;^ 225 '''(' 306 ■■■* e si 298 aves. 7, Si I . ) . - 1 other, and form in a direction nearly north-east and south-west, the eastern bound- ary of the state. North-west of these, and separated from each other by valleys of from 5 to 15 miles wide, are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Welling's Ridge. The last four terminate north of Ten- nessee river. They are all encircled by valleys, which open passages for rivers and roads, and which together with the numerous cascades, render the views very sublime. Caves of great depth and extent are found throughout the state. The geological formation of this state is wholly secondary, except a small portion of the eastern part, which is transition, and numerous spots on the banks of rivers, which are alluvial. A considerable portion of the state is bed- ded on lime-stone. A large deposit of gypsum has been lately discovered. Cop- peras, alum, nitre, and lead are among the minerals. Some silver has been found. Coal is supposed to be plentiful. Saltpetre is so abundant as to form a great article of commerce. There are several mineral springs, and many valuable salt springs. The soil in a country so uneven must be very various. The western part of the state has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excel- lent land ; in the eastern, part of the mountains are lean, but there are many fertile valleys. There is a great profusion of natural timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c., and in many places are great quantities of cane remarkably thick and strong. The state also aboimds with medicinal plants, such as snake-root, ginseng, Carolina pink, angelica, senna, annise, spikenard, &c. Tennessee is also well supplied with animals and birds of various kinds, and the rivers abound in divers sorts of fish. The climate is generally healthy. In East Tennessee, the heat is so tempered by the mountain air on one side, and by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico on the other, that this part of the state has one of the most desirable climates in North America. The middle part resembles Kentucky in climate. The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in New England. Snow seldom falls to a greater depth than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. Cumberland river has been frozen over but three times since the country was settled. Cattle are rarely sheltered in winter. In the western parts there are some low bottoms on which the inhabitants are subject to bilious fevers, and fever and ague in the autumn. The great business of the state is agriculture. The soil produces abundantly cotton and tobacco, which are the staple commodities. The inhabitants also raise a plentiful supply of grain, grass, and fruit. They export cotton, tobacco, and flour, in considerable quantities ; also saltpetre, and many other articles. The principal commerce is carried on through the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and from them through the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This state also supplies Kentucky, Ohio, &c., with cottop for inland manufactures ; and from East Tennessee considerable numbers of cattle are sent to the sea- ports on the Atlantic. There are only 3 banks in this state, including a branch of the United States Bank at Nashville, " The Bank of the State," and a private bank of Yeatman, Woods & Co., all at Nashville. The state penitentiary is near Nashville, built in 1831, at an expense of about $50,000. It is 3 stories high, 310 feet in length, and 50 feet in width, containing solitary cells. Nashville University, at Nashville, is a respectable institution, with considerable endowments. East Tennessee College is at Knoxville. ^'"**"'"- Greenville College, the oldest in the state, is at Greenville ; and there is a theo- logical school at Maryville. The Cherokee Indians possess that part of the state which lies to the south of the Tennessee and Hiwasse rivers. These Indians have made much pro- fK ll ' \ ill, -i',,. ^ B»''i& 126 TENNESSEE, gress in the arts of civilized life, and pay considerable attention to education. There are several missionary stations among them, of which one of the most considerable is Brainerd. Reiigioui The Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 214 churches, 141 denoinina- ministers, and 11,971 communicants ; the Methodists, 125 preachers, and 38,242 members ; the Presbyterians, 105 churches, 60 minis- ters, 20 licentiates, and 6,814 communicants ; the Lutherans, 10 ministers. The Cumberland Presbyterians, computed at about 100,000, reside chiefly in Tennessee and Kentucky. The number of periodical papers in this state is 20. The earliest settlements in this state were made between the years litory. j^gg ^^j 1770, by emigrants from North Carolina and Virginia. The country was included within the limits of North Carolina till 1790, when it was placed under a separate territorial government, denominated the " Territory South of the Ohio ;" and in 1796, the inhabitants formed a constitution, and Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent state. con«titntion '^^^ constitution of this siate was formed at Knoxville, in 1796. and govern. The legislative authority is vested in a General Assembly, consisting ment. ^f ^^ senate and house of representatives ; and the members of both houses are elected biennially on the first Tuesday and Friday in August. The number of representatives is 60, who are apportioned among the different coun- ties according to the number of taxable inhabitants. The number of senators cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of repre- sentatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected at the same time with the senators and representatives ; and who holds his office for the term of two years, but is not eligible more than six years in any term of eight. The general assembly meets (at Nashville) biennially, on the third Monday in September, next following the election ; and it may be called to- gether, if necessary, at other times, by the governor. The right of suffrage is granted to every freeman of the age of 21 years, possessing a freehold in the county where jie offers his vote, and to every free- man who has been an inhabitant of any one county in the state six months immediately preceding the day of election. The judiciary power is vested in such superior and inferior courts, as the legislature may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges are appointed by a joint ballot of both houses, and hold their offices during good behavior. The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. . ., , j, , This state sends thirteen representatives to congress. ,, ,, • , 'V KENTUCKY. I J ^ Kentucky is bounded N. by Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio ; E. by Virginia ; S. by Tennessee ; and W. by the Mississippi. It extends from lat. 36° 30' to 39° 10' N. and from 5° to 10° W. long, from Washington. Length on the southern line, 300 miles. Extent, 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 acres. I. :-;••> Si. i.-t-'iji' • I Aiy/ > I to education, ne of the most KENTUCKY. 127 iveen the years id Virginia. Una till 1790, :, denominated tants formed a in independent [6 of 21 years, to every free. ite six months TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS. Counties. Adair Allen Anderson Barren Bath Boone Bourbon Bracken Caldwell Callaway Campbell Casey Christian Clarke Clay Cumberland Davies Edmondson Estill Fayette Fleming Floyd Franklin Gallatin Garrard Grant Graves Grayson Greene Greenup Hancock Hardin Harlan Harrison Hart am s m atom em n nem n Population. Breckenridge wm. Butler 9wm Bullitt mrm IB sw n m 8W m se s wm 9wm em m ne e m n m nm sw wm m ne wm wm ae nm 9wm\ 8,220 6,486 4,542 14,821 8,799 9,012 18,434 6,392 7,345 3,055 5,660 8,332 5,159 9,893 4,342 12,694 13,052 3,549 8,636 6 218 2,642 4,618 25,174 13,493 4,266 9,251 6,680 11,870 2,987 2,503 3,876 13,718 5,853 1,494 13,148 2,928 13,180 5,292 Town». Columbia Scottsville Lawrenceburg Glasgow i Owingsville • ( Sharpsburg Burlington Paris Millersburg Middletown Augusta Hardinsburg Cloverport Stephenport Morgantown Shepherdsville Mt. Washington Princeton Eddyville VVadesborough { Newport ( Covington Liberty Hopkinsville ' Winchester Manchester Burkesville Owensborough Brownsville Irvine ( Lexington ( Athens Flemingsburg Prestonsburg ( Frankfort ( South Frankfort Port William Lancaster Williamstown Mayfield Litchfield ( Greensburg I Campbellsville Greenupsburg Hawsville Elizabethtown Harlan C. H. £ Cynthiana < Leesburg f Clay villa i Munfordsville ( Woodsonville Pop. 422 180 320 617 241 158 276 1,219 470 195 691 316 194 64 76 278 226 366 167 163 717 743 118 1,263 620 159 340 229 125 91 6,104 134 642 81 1,680 307 324 570 197 44 166 665 126 204 601 977 138 48 193 48 Dist. rrom Frankfort. 91 151 12 126 73 62 72 43 50 53 73 118 129 116 141 74 56 229 241 262 79 79 66 206 45 115 119 150 138 71 25 35 79 143 67 52 44 284 110 90 78 132 130 80 168 38 28 50 106 128 KENTUCKY. Iff' !f if W' 'i, I. TABLE OF THE COUMTIES AND TOWT^S.— Continued. Countlei. it Population. Henderson w Henry nm Hickman sw Hopkins ■ w Jefferson nwm Jessamine m Knox se Laurel tern Lawrence c Lewis . " . ne I. :.t-T-S r' ''■ f ' Lincoln ' ' m Livingston w Logan " " ' « McCracken w Madison m Mason _ n Meade . *.• wm ■*-'■ ^, ' •' '■.. Mercer i,,j m i ..; ■• '•■ Monroe - ? i < Montgomery m Morgan em Muhlenberg swm Nelson *^ wm Nicholas nem Ohio torn Oldham nm M. X ■ ■ I, Owen nm Pendleton - n Perry se Pike e Towns. 6,649 11,395 5,193 6,763 24,002 9,961 4,321 2,182 3,897 5,206 11,012 6,607 13,002 1,298 18,035 16,203 4,111 17,606 5,125 10,221 2,857 m 5»34i 14,916 8,832 4,913 9,563 5,792 3,866 3,331 2,677 Hendersonville New Castle i Clinton I Columbus Madisonville Louisville Shippingport Portland , Williamsville i Nicholasville I North Liberty Barboursville i Hazle Patch \ London Louisa C Clarksburg < Vanceburg f Concord ( Stanford I Crab Orchard i Salem I Smithland Russellville { Wilmington \ Paducah Richmond i Washington ( Maysville Brandenburg f Parrodsburg I Danville j Perryville L Salvisa Tompkinsville i Mount Sterling ( Jeffersonville West Liberty Greenville C Bardstown < Bloomfield ( Fairfield Carlisle Hartford ' Westport Bedford Brownsville ,La Grange ■ ( Owenton ( New Liberty Falmouth Perry C.H. ^ Pikeville Pop. Uist. from Frankfort. 483 539 81 186 112 10,352 607 398 70 409 62 139 15 87 62 93 34 363 234 254 388 1,358 12 105 947 868 2,040 331 1,051 849 283 78 220 561 33 50 217 1,625 301 88 430 242 314 104 57 27 143 161 207 49 180 37 308 200 52 54 37 122 102 127 96 99 51 61 245 260 171 282 279 50 63 67 90 30 40 40 21 144 60 107 177 55 44 48 58 154 44 53 41 85 28 36 60 148 165 fc 'i KENTUCKY. ISO Ui8t. from FranKfort. 180 37 308 200 fv2 54 37 122 102 127 96 99 0k 51 / 61 245 -■j'^ 260 171 282 , 279 % 50 . ^- ) 63 '»'' ■t* ) 67 ' ii [ 90 i L 30 :4 ) 40 ■1 3 40 3 21 ■«! 3 144 v 1 60 3 107 ■- 7 177 5 55 ■ %"% ■m 1 44 1 8 48 ■j 58 ^■v^ 2 154 4 44 kf- 14 53 -.■*vi i7 41 i 57 86 ■f 13 28 -'■.I )l 36 * '■i^ )7 60 t 148 4 19 165 'I'ABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND TOWNS.— Continued. Counties. Population. Towns. Pop. Dist. from Frankfort. Pulaski am 9,522 Somerset 231 85 Rockcastle sem 2,875 Mount Vernon 142 73 i Jamestown ( Crcelsburf? 67 109 Russell sm 3,883 37 110 Scott nm 14,677 Georgetown 1,344 17 C Shclbyville 1,201 21 Shelby nm 19,039 < Simpsonvillo 77 29 ( Christiansburg 78 15 Simpson 8 6,099 Franklin 280 165 Spencer in 6,815 Taylorsville 248 35 { Elkton ( Trenton 382 186 Todd s 8,801 178 200 ^ Cadiz ( Canton 168 226 Trigg sw 5,889 146 235 Union w 4,435 Morganfield 292 205 Warren swm 10,947 Bowling-Green 815 145 C Springfield 618 50 Lebanon 384 59 Washington m < Mackville 83 44 Frede ;icksburg 58 59 . Newmarket 43 65 Wayne s 8,731 Monticello 207 110 Whitely ' se 3,807 i Whitely C. H. > Williamsburg 50 130 Woodford m Total 12,294 \ Versailles ( Mortonsvillc 904 145 slaves. 13 20 688,844, of whom 165,350 are j The above Table contains all the towns and villages in Kentucky of which the population is given in the Census of 1830. When two or more towns aro given for the sajne county, tliu one placed first is the seat of justice. Population. In 1790, 73,677 1800, 220,959 1810, 406,511 1820, 564,317 1830, 688,844 Population at differerU Periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 147,282 1800 1810, 185,552 1810 1820, 147,806 1820 1830, 124,527 Slaves. 12,430 43,344 80,561 120,732 165,350 The principal rivers of Kentucky are the Ohio, which flows along the state fi37 miles, following its windings; the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Kentucky, Green, Licking, Big Sandy, Salt, and Rolling. Cumberland mountains form the south-east boundary of this state. The eastern counties, bordering on Virginia, are mountainous and broken. A tract tVom 5 to 20 miles wide, along the banks of the Ohio, is hilly and broken land, interspersed with many fertile valleys. Between this strip, Green river, and the eastern counties, lies what has been called the garden of the state. This is the most populous part, and is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fay- ette, Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Woodford, Mercer, Jessamine, Madison, Garrard, Casey, Lincoln, Washington, and Green. The surface of this district is agree- ably undulating, and the soil black and friable, producing black walnut, black cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton R 130 IvEiNTUCKY. mfi ■'■:i:''b U .1, 1 ' m II wood, and white thorn. The country between Green and Cumberland rivers is called " the barrens." In 1800 the lej^isUiture of Kentucky made a gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the improssit)n that it was of little value; but it proves to be excellent land; and hugs find cattle are raised in abundance. The whole state, below the mountains, rests on an immense bed of limestone, usually about eight feet below the surface. There arc every. where apertures in this limestone, through which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky, for this reason, are more dimin. ished during the dry season, than those of any part of the United States, and the small streams entirely disappear. The banks of the rivers are natural curiosities ; the rivers having generally worn very deep channels in the calca- reous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by Kentucky river are in many places awfully cublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 300 feet of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and difllcult ascent, four times as high. In the south-west part of the state, between Green river and the Cumber- land, there are several wonderful caves. The principal productions of Kentucky are hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt springs are numerous, and supply not only this state, but a great part of Ohio and Tennessee, with this mineral. The principal manufactures are cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple sugar. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat are the principal exports. These are carried down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, and foreign goods received from the same place in return. Louis- ville, on the Ohio, is the centre of this trade. The introduction of steamboat navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable benefit to the commercial and manufacturing interests of Kentucky. There is a tract of country in the south-western part of the state, east and north of Cumberland river, and watered by Green and Barren rivers, about 100 miles in extent, called the barrens, which, a few years since, was a beautilid prairie, destitute of timber. It is now covered with a young growth of various kinds of trees. These, however, do not prevent the growth of grass, and an almost endless variety of plants, which are in bloom during the whole of tlio spring and summer ; when the whole region is a wilderness of the most beau- tiful flowers. The soil is of an excellent quality, being a mixture of clay, loam, and sand. Through this country there runs a chain of conical hills, called knobs. Horses are raised in great numbers, and of the noblest kinds. A handsome horse is the highest pride of a Kentuckian, and common farmers own from ten to fifty. Great numbers are carried over the mountains to the Atlantic states ; and the principal supply of saddle and carriage horses in the lower country is drawn from Kentucky, or the other western states. The horses are carried down in flat boats. Great droves of cattle are also driven from this state, over the mountains, to Virginia and Pennsylvania. In 1828 the value of the cattle, horses, and swine, driven out of the state, numbered and valued at one point of passage, the Cumberland ford, was a million dollars. The returns of the value of exports, agricultural and manu- factured, in 1829, wanted a number of counties of comprising the whole state; but this partial return gave 2,780,000 dollars. Mammoth For a very interesting account of this stupendous wonder, we arc cave. indebted to Dr. Nathan Ward, who published it in the Monthly Magazine, of October, 1816. It is situated in Warren county, and in a terri- tory not mountainous, but broken, differing in this respect from all the other caverns hitherto known. The doctor, provided with guides, two large lamps, a compass, and refreshments, descended a pit forty feet deep, and one hundred and twenty in circumference ; having a spring of fine water at the bottom, and conducting to the entrance of the cavern. The opening, which is to the north, is from forty to fifty feet high, and about thirty in width. It narrows shortly after, but again expands to a width of thirty or forty feet, and a height of #■ KENTUCKY. 131 twenty, continuing tlicse dimonsiuns for about a mile to tlic first hoppers,* where a iiiMnuliictory of s!ilt|)ctro has recently In-en established. Thence to the second of these hoppers, two miles from the enUance, it is forty IL'et in width, and sixty in height. Throughout nearly the whole of the distance hand- some walls have teen made by tlu; manufacturers, of the loose stones. Tho road is hard, and as smooth as a (lag pavem(.'nt. In every passage which the* doctor traversed, the sides of the cavern were perpendicular, and tlie arches, which have bid defiance even to earthquakes, are regular. In 1802, when the heavy shocks of earthquakes came on, which were so severely felt in this part of Kentucky, the workmen stationed at the second hoppers, heard, about five minutes tefore each shock, a heavy rumbling noise issue from the cave, like a strong wind. AVhen that ceased, the rocks cracked, and the whole appeared to te going in this moment to final destruction. However, none was injured, al- though large portions of rock fell in dilFerent parts of the cavern. In advancing into the cavern, the avenu(^ leads from the second hoppers, west, one mile ; and thence, south-west, to the chief area or city, which is six miles from the entrance. This avenue, throughout its whole extent from the above station to the cross-roads, or chief area, is from sixty to one hundred feet in height, of a similar width, and nearly on a level, the floor or bottom being covered with loose lime-stone, and saltpetre earth. When, ob'^erves the doctor, I reached this immense area, (called the chief city,) which contains more than eighty acres, without a single pillar to support the arch, which is entire over tho whole, I was struck dumb with astonishment. Nothing can be more sublime and grand than this place, of which but a faint idea can be conveyed, covered with one solid arch at least one hundred feet high, and to all appearance entire. Having entered the area, the doctor perceived five large avenues leading from it, from sixty to one hundred feet in width, and about forty in height. The stone walls are arched, and are from forly to eighty feet perpendipular in height before the commencement of the arch. In exploring these avenues, the precaution was taken to cut arrows pointing to the mouth of the cave, on the stone teneath the feet, to prevent any difficulty in the return. The first which was traversed, took a southerly direction for more than two miles ; when a second was taken, which led first east, and then north, for more than two further. These windings at length brought the party, by another avenue, to the chief city again, after having traversed different avenues for more than five miles. Having reposed for a few moments on the slabs of lime-stone near the centre of this gloomy area, and refreshed them- selves and trimmed their lamps, they departed a second time, through an avenue almost north, parallel with the one leading from the chief city to the mouth of the cavern ; and, having proceeded more than two miles, came to a second city. This is covered with a single arch, nearly two hundred feet high in the centre, and is very similar to the chief city, except in the number of its avenues which are two only. They crossed it over a very considerable rise in the centre, and descended through an avenue which bore to the east, to the distance of nearly a mile, vhen they came to a third area, or city, about one hundred feet square, and fifty in height, which had a pure and delightful stream of water issuing from the side of a wall about t|j^rty feet high, and which fell on a broken sur- face of stone, and was afterwards entirely lost to view. Having passed a few yards beyond this teautiful sheet of water, so as to reach the end of the avenue, the party returned about five hundred yards, and passing over a considerable mass of stone, entered another, but smaller avenue to the right, which carried them south through a third, of an uncommonly black hue, rather more than a mile ; when they ascended a very steep hill about sixty- yards, which conducted them to within the walls of the fourth city. It is not * A liopper is an inverted cone, into wliich grain is put at a mill, before it runs betweea the stones. *-l h r ^t (. 133 KENTUCKY. inferior to the second, having an arch which covers at least six acres. In tliis last avenue, the extremity of wJiich cannot bo less than four miles from the chief city, and ten from the mouth of the cavern, are more than twenty largo piles of saltpetre earth on the one side, and broken lime-stone heaped on the other, evidently the work of human hands. From the course of his needle, the doctor expected that this avenue would have led circuitously to the chief city, but was much disappointed when he reached the extremity, at a few hundred yards' distance from the fourth city. In retracing his steps, not having paid a due attention to mark the entrances of the different avenues, he was greatly l)ewildered, and once completely lost him- self for nearly tiflcen or twenty minutes. , Thus, faint and wearied, he did not reach the chief area till ten at night ; but was still determined to explore the cavern as long as his light should last. Having entered the fifth and last avenue from the chief area, and proceeded south-east about nine hundred yards, he came to the fifth area, the arch of which covers more than four acres of level ground, strewed with lime-stone, and having fire-beds of uncommon size, sur- rounded with brands of cane, interspersed. Another avenue on the opposite side, led to one of still greater capacity, the walls or sides of which were more perfect than any that had been noticed, running almost due south for nearly a mile and a half, and being very level and straight, with an elegant arch. While the doctor was employed at the extremity of this avenue, in sketching a plan of the cave, one of his guides, who had strayed to a distance, called on him to follow. Leaving the other guide, he was led to a vertical passage, which opened into a chamber at least 1800 feet in circumference, and the centre of the arch of which was 160 feet in height. It was past midnight when he entered this chamber of eternal darkness ; and when he reflected on the different avenues through which he had passed since he had penetrated the cave at eight in the morning, and now found himself buried several miles in the dark recesses of this awful cavern — the grave per- haps of thousands of human beings — he felt a shivering horror. The avenue, or passage which led from it, was as large as any he had entered ; and it is uncc;lain how far he might have travelled had not his light failed him. All those who have any knowledge of this cave, he observes, conjecture that Green river, a stream navigable several hundred miles, passes over three of its branches. After a lapse of nearly an hour, he descended by what is called the " passage of the chimney," and joined the other guide. Thence returning to the chief area or city, where the lamps were trimmed for the last time, he entered the spacious avenue which led to the second hoppers. Here he found various curi- osities, such as spats, petrifactions, &c. ; and these he brought away, together with a mummy, which was found at the second hoppers. He reached the mouth of the cave about three in the morning, almost exhausted with nineteen hours of constant fatigue. He nearly fainted on leaving it, and on inhaling the vapid air of the atmosphere, after having so long breathed the pure air, occasioned by the nitre of the cave ; his pulse beat stronger when within, but not so quick as when on the surface. Here the doctor observes, that he has hardly described half the cave, not having named the avenues between the mouthjwid the second hoppers. This part of his narrative is of equal interest with what has been already given. He states that there is a passage in the main avenue, more than nine hundred feet from the entrance, like that of a trap-door ; by sliding aside a large flat stone, you can descend sixteen or eighteen feet in a very narrow defile, where the passage comes on a level, and winds about in such a manner, as to pass under the main passage without having any communication with it, at length opening into the main cave by two large passages just beyond the second hoppers. This is called the " glauber-salt room," the bat room, and the flint room, together with a winding avenue, which, branching off at the second hoppers, runs west KENTUCKY. 133 'cs. In this es from the ;wenty largo aped on the venue would ed when he fourth city, entrances ol ely lost him- [1, he did not I explore the \ last avenue d yards, he ores of level on size, sur- the opposite h were more for nearly a arch. While ching a plan ed on him to k'hich opened ! of the arch irkness ; and passed since jnd himself [grave per- '^he avenue, ; and it is him. All that Green ts branches. 18 " passage to the chief entered the ,»* and south-east Pjr more than two miles. It is called ihc " haunted chamber," from the echo within ; its arch is very kmutifully incrusted with lime-stono spar; and in many placx\s th<; roiunuis of s|)nr are truly drgant, extending from the ceiling to the floor. Near tlu; centre of this arch is a tioiiie, apparently fifty feet high, hung in rich drapery, festooned in the most fanciful manner, for six or eight feet from the hangings, and in colors the most rich and brilliant. By the reflections of one or two lights, the columns of spar and the; stalactites have a very romantic appearance. Of this spar a large cellar, calU^d " Wilkins' arm chair," has been formed in the centre of the avenue, and encircled with many smaller ones. The columns of spar, fluted and studded with knobs of spar and stalactites ; the drapery of various colors superbly festooned, and hung in the most graceful manjier ; these are shown with the greatest brilliancy by tho reflection of the lamps. In the vicinity of the *' haunted chamber" the sound of a cataract was heard ; and at the extremity of the avenue was a reservoir of water, very clear, and grateful to the taste, apparently having neither inlet nor outlet. Here the air, as in many other parts of the cave, was pure and delightful. Not far from the reservoir, an avenue presented itself, within which were several columns of the most brilliant spar, sixty or seventy feet in height, and almost perpendicular, standing in basins of water ; which, as well as the columns, the doctor observes, surpasses in splendor and beauty, every similar work of art ho had ever seen. Returning by a beautiful pool of water, the doctor came to the second hop- pers, where he had found the mummy before alluded to. It had been removed from another cave, for preserv'ation, and was presented to him by his friend, Mr. Wilkins, together with the apparel, jewels, music, &c. with which it was accompanied. It has since been placed in the Washington Museum, the pro- prietor of which thinks it probable that this mummy is as ancient as the immense mounds of the western country, which have so much astonished the world. The statepenitentiary, at Frankfort, contained, in September, 1830, 101 convicts. This institution was formerly an expense to the state; nry and hog. but since 1825, under the management of its present keeper (Mr. Joel P''"'*- Scott), it has more than supported itself. At Lexington there is a Lunatic Asy- lum ; at Danville, an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb ; at Louisville and Smith- land, on the Ohio, hospitals for sick and disabled boatmen. A canal about two miles long, around the falls of the Ohio, at Louis- ville, was finished in 1831, and duriag 104 days, before it was closed ^°"'''" by the ice, 827 boats, of 76,000 tons, passed through, of which 406 were steam- boats. A rail-road is in progress from Lexington to the Ohio. The Bank of the United States has offices of discount and deposit at Lexington and Louisville. °" *' There are two banks chartered by the state, namely, the Bank of Kentucky and the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, at Frankfort, formerly hav- ing branches in other places ; but they have withdrawn all their branches, and are now winding up their accounts. The state owns a part of the stock of the former of the two banks, and the whole of that of the latter. Transylvania University, in Lexington, is the oldest and most cele- g-^g^jg^ brated institution in the western states, and has medical and law schools connected with it. Centre College is established at Danville ; Augusta College, at Augusta ; Cumberland College, at Princeton ; and St. Joseph's Col- lege, a respectable Catholic seminary, at Bairdstown. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 25. - '^ i- The Baptists in this state have 25 associations, 442 churches, 289 j^^j. .^^^ ministers, and 37,520 communicants ; the Methodists, 77 preachers, denomi'na. and 23,935 members ; the Presbyterians, 103 churches, 01 ministers, *''*^'- 9 licentiates, and 7,832 communicants ; the Roman Catholics, about 30 priests ; tl-„- ^" 134 KKNTUCKY. fi ■ Pin p"!' 'I n History. ihe Episcopalians, 5 ministera ; tho C'liiubtjilaiul Presbyterians are also numcr* ous in Kentucky. The first pormnnont sr^ttlcinent of tliis state was l)opun on Ken- tucky river, in HTT), by the famous J)anit'l iJoonf, a natives of Mary- land. It formcil a part of Virginia till 17U0 ; and in 17U2, it was erected into an independent state. On the separation of Kentucky from Virginia, in 1790, n constitu- and govern- tion was adopted which Continued in force till 1799, when a new one inont. ^^g forrjicd instcnid of it ; and this is now in forcf?. Tlie le<;islative power 's vested in a senate and house of representatives, which tofjelher are styled The General Assembly of tho Commonwealth of Kentucky. The repre. sentatives are elected annually, and arc apportioned, every four years, among tho different counties according to tlie number of electors. Their present num- ber is 100, which is the highest number that the constitution authorizes ; 58 being tho lowest. The senators are elected for four years, one quarter of them being chosen annually. Their present number is 38 ; and they cannot exceed this number, nor fall short of 24. The executive ])ower is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding seven years after the expiration of his term of office. At the election of governor, a lieu- tenant-governor is also chosen, who is speaker of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor devolve, in case of his absence or removal. The repre- sentatives and one quarter of the members of the senate are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday in August ; the governor is elected by the peo- pie, every fourth year, at the same time ; and he commences the execution of his cfRce on the fourth Tuesday succeeding the day of the commencement of the elecdon at which he is chosen. Tho polls are l;ept open three days ; and tho votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The general assembly meets (at Frankfort) annually on the first Monday in November. Tlie consti- tution grants the right of suffrage to every free male citizen (people of color excepted), who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state two years, or in the county where he offers his vote, one year, next preceding the election. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, styled the court of appeals, and in such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, erect and establish. The judges of the different courts, and jus. tices of the peace, hold their offices during good behavior. The salary of the governor is 2,000 doilars. This state sends 13 representatives to congress. OHIO. Length 210 miles; mean breadth, 200 miles: containing 40,000 square miles, and 25,000,000 acres. Between 38° 30' and 41° 19' N. latitude ; and between 3° 31' and 7° 41' W. from Washington. Bounded on the N. by the territor-y of Michigan, and Lake Erie ; E. by Pennsylvania ; S. E. by Virginia, from which it is separated by the Ohio ; S. by the Ohio, which separates it from Virginia and Kcatucky; and W. by Indiana. ;* t- k oitin, 185 ), a constitu- II a new ono le lejiislativo tofjctlior aro Tlio rcpro- fears, among [)rrsent num- thorizcs ; 58 arterof thoni annot cxconl 1 a governor, seven years crnor, a lieu- on whom the The repre- 1 annually hy d by the peo- 1 execution of cement of the ays ; and tlie eral assembly The const!- eople of color d in the state lext preceding irt, styled the bly may, from )urts, and jus. 'i'ABI.I-; Ol- Tin; «:() Pop, inyn. iy,278 If.NTIKM AM) COirNTY TOWNS. [)7«t. IVoin I'l lilliibiii. 101 I'liiintlc*. ftl.M. County Towni. Pop. 420 Aduiiiii a 550 West Union Allen mil 57h1 642 WiipMghkonctta 110 Aslitabulu m: 11,5841 705 Jellirsou 270 101 Athens ac 0,703' 744 Athena 729 73 Iklmont e 28,412! . 63(J St. Cliiirsvillo 7H9 124 Mrown a 17,H07J 402 ( leorgetowa 325 104 Butler SIC 27,044 486 Hamilton 1,097 101 Champaign wni 12,130 417 Ifrbana 1,102 50 Clark sicm 13,074 412 Springfield 1,080 43 Clermont sir 20,460 515 Hatavia 426 109 Clinton am 11,292 400 Wilmington 607 67 Columbiana e 35,50rt '^65 New Lisbon 1,138 152 Coschocton cm 11,162 562 Coshocton 333 84 Crawford nm 4,778 5h4 Ihicyrus 298 69 Cuyahoga ne 10,300 475 (Jlcaveland 1,076 138 Dark w • 6,203 (iOO Greenville 160 103 Delaware m 11,523 610 Delaware 532 23 Fairfield m 24,788 540 Lancaster 1,530 28 Fayetto am 8,180 415 Washington 300 45 Franklin m 14,766 520 Columbus 2,437 Gallia s 9,733 495 (iallipolis 755 108 (ieauga 711 15,813 600 (Jhardon, township 881 157 (Jreen stvm 15,084 416 Xcnia 919 57 Gl .^nsey cm 18,036 621 Cambridge 518 83 Hardin wm 500 [Tardy 66 Hamilton aw 52,321 400 Cincinnati ; 24,831 112 Hancock nwm 813 575 Findlay 52 114 Harrison c 20,920 450 Cadiz 820 124 Henry nw 260 474 Damascus 161 Highland am 16,347 555 Hillsborough 564 74 Hocking am 4,008 432 Logan 97 47 Holmes •m 9,133 400 Millersburg 319 80 Huron n 13,346 840 Norwalk 310 113 Jackson a 5,974 492 Jackson 329 74 Jefferson e 22,489 400 Steubenville 2,937 149 Knox m 17,124 610 Mount Vernon 1,021 45 Lawrence a 5,366 426 Burlington 149 135 Licking . m 20,864 666 Newark 999 34 Lorain n 5,696 555 Elyria 668 130 Logan wm 6,442 425 Belle Fontaine 266 62 Madison m 6,190 448 London 249 27 Marion m 6,558 527 Marion 287 47 Medina nem 7,560 473 Medina, townahip 622 111 Meigs ae 6,159 405 Chester 164 94 Mercer w 1,110 570 St. Mary's 92 111 Miami wm 12,806 444 Troy 504 78 Monroe ae 8,770 563 Woodsfield 157 140 Montgomery jcm 24,252 450 Dayton 2,965 66 Morgan ae 11,796 500 McConnelsville 267 70 Muskingum Paulding m nw 29,325 160 664 432 Zancsvillc 3,094 59 Perry • sm 14,018 402 Somerset 576 46 ^f'Vir n ,i» 'mm - 136 OHIO. TAULK OK TIIH COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS-<; tmfinued. Counties. I'np. im:«». H<|. M. 495 County Town*. Top. Ilixt. from Ciililiiibii*. 20 Pickaway 7/1 If),}):}:) (.'irclcvillo 1,130 riko 8 (J,(»i.'l 414 I'ikcton 271 65 I'ortngo nc lH,Hi>7 752 Ravenna, tmcnship 800 127 Prcl.Io w 10, LW) 432 ICaton 511 02 I'utnam nw 2M0 570 Sujrar Grovo 148 Richland nm 24,007 900 Mansfield 840 71 Koss srn 24,or);j 072 Chillicotho 2,840 45 Sandusky n 2,851 050 Lower Sandusky 351 103 Scioto 8 8,730 581 I'ortsmoutli 1,064 91 S(!ncca nm r),i48 540 Tidin 248 86 Shelby wm a,07i 418 Sydney 240 86 Stark cm 20,784 780 ('anion 1,257 116 Trumbull nc 26,154 875 Warren 510 167 Tuscarawas cm 14,298 054 New I'hiladolplua 410 107 Union cm 3,192 430 Mary.svillo 142 37 Van Wert nw 49 432 VVillshiro • 146 Warren sjvm 21,493 400 Lebanon 1,157 83 Washington 8C 11,731 070 Marietta 1,207 106 Wayne nm 23,344 000 Wooster 977 86 Williams nw 377 600 Defiance 52 175 Wood nw Total 1,095 744 Pcrrysburg 182 136 937,679 40,150 In 1790, about 3,000 1800, 45,3,35 Population at different Periods, Popuiition. 1810, 1820, 1830, 230,760 681,434 937,637 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 1800 1810, 1810 1820, 1820 1830, 43,365 195,395 350,674 356,203 The rivers which flow into Lake Erie on the north, are Maumce, Sandusky, Huron, Vermilion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, and Ashtabula ; those in the south flowing into the Ohio, are the Muskingum, Hockhorn states with regard to manidacturcs. Some of th(> most important manufacturing towns are Cincinnati, Zanesvillc, fcjteu- benvillc, and (Jhillicothe. The building of ships has l)cen commenced in this stale for the purpose of carrying its pro Akron Ktndall t Btthltkim /.oar Dover JV. J'hila. Onaitnhuiton ' OBikacton JVVwark 'D*ipCia CircUviU$ ChiUieotAs v> Pduton fU 1 }'t •-f 138 OHIO. Mr lege, at Hudson ; Kenyon College, at Gambler ; and the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati. A system of common schools has been lately introduced by law into this state. " An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common .ichools" was passed by the legislature in March, 1831, "to take effect and be in force from and after the first day of May" following. This act declares, " that a fund shall be raised in the several counties in the state for the use of common schools, for the instruction of the white youth of every class and grade, without distinction, in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and other necessary branches of education; — that for this purpose there shall be an- nually levied and assessed upon the ad valorem amount of the general list of taxable property in each county of the state, the property of blacks and mu. lattoes excepted, three fourths of a mill on the dollar ; that the trustees of each incorporated township in this state, where the same has not been already done, shall lay off" their township into school districts in a manner most convenient for the population." Further provisions are made for carrying the system into effect. Reiieioiis ^^^ Presbyterians in this state have 346 churches, 192 ministers, denoniina- 11 licentiates, and 22,150 communicants; the Baptists, 14 associa- ''""■• tions, 240 churches, 140 ministers, and 8,801 communicants; the Methodists, 91 preachers, and 36,064 members ; the Lutherans, 37 ministers, and 8,706 communicants ; the Associate Presbyterians, 65 congregations, 20 ministers, and 4,225 communicants ; the German Reformed, 82 congregations, and 3,750 communicants; the Episcopalians, 16 ministers; the New Jerusa- lem Church, 4 societies ; there are also a considerable number of Friends and Roman Catholics, some Universalists, Unitarians, and Shakers. The number of periodical papers,, in 1831, was estimated at 150. The first permanent settlement of Ohio was commenced at Ma- rietta, in 1788 ; in 1789, the country was put under a territorial go- vernment, and called the Western Territory, which name was afterwards al- tered to the Territory North-west of the Ohio; and in 1802, it was erected into an independent state. Constitu- "^^^ constitution of this state was formed at Chillicothe, in 1802. tion and go- The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Repre- vernment. gentatives, which together are styled The General Assembly of the State of Ohio. The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October; and they are apportioned among the counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than 36, nor more than 72. The senators are chosen biennially, and are appor- tioned according to the number of white male inhabitants of 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for two years, on the second Tuesday in October; and his term of service commences on the first Monday in December. The general assembly meets annually (at Columbus), on the first Monday in December. The right of suffi'age is granted to all white male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, who have resided in the state one year next preceding the elec- tion, and who have paid, or are charged with, a state or county tax. The judicial power is vested in a Suprdme Court, in courts of common pleas for each county, and such other courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. The judges are elected by a joint ballot of both houses of the general assembly for the term of 7 years. This state sends 19 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, $1,200. r- cal College of ^ law into this ion of common e effect and be s act declares, 3 for the use of very class and itic, and other -e shall be an- ; general list of ilacks and mu- trustees of each n already done, nost convenient ing the system , 192 ministers, sts, 14 associa- imunicants; the is, 37 ministers, ingregations, 20 I congregations, he New Jerusa. of Friends and 150. jmenced at Ma* a territorial go- s afterwards al- , it was erected cothe, in 1802. 3ouse of Repre- Assembly of the iday in October; number of white not be less than and are appor- II years of age. one half of the 3d by the people term of service 1 first Monday in ts, above the age 3ceding the elec- y tax. of common pleas ly, from time to )th houses of the J salary, $1,200. INDIANA. INDIANA. 139 Length, 250 miles; breadth, 150. Between 37° 47' and 41° 50' N. lat. and 7° 45' and 11° W. Ion. Bounded north by Michigan Territory and lake; east by Ohio ; south by Ohio river ; and west by Illinois. H TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. 9 Countiea. Pop. 1830. County Town*. Dist. from Indianapolii. ^H Allen ne 1,000 Fort Wayne .141 ^^H Bartholomew m 5,480 Columbus 41 ^B Boon gwm 622 Thorntown 61 ^H Carroll 1,614 Delphi ■ SB i^B Cass 1,154 Logansport • 113 ^^1 Clark $ 10,719 Charlestown 105 ^H Clay to 1,616 Bowling-Green 69 B^B Clinton 1,423 Frankfort I^H Crawford s 3,184 Fredonia 122 ^H Daviess mm 4,512 Washington 106 |H Dearborn se 14,573 Tiawrenceburg 98 ^H Decatur Mem 5,854 Greensburg 55 ^^1 Delaware em 2,372 Muncytown 59 J^i Dubois ntm 1,774 Portersville 124 ^^1 Elkhart 935 Pulaski ^H Fayette em 9,112 Connersville 68 ^H Floyd se 6,363 New Albany 121 ^H Fountain w 7,644 Covington 81 i^H Franklin se 10,199 Brookville '. 70 I^B Gibson sw 5,417 Princeton 141 m^M Greene swn 4,253 Bloomfield ,76 ^H Hamilton . m 1,750 Noblesville ' ' ' - 22 ^B Hancock m 1,569 Greenfield 21 ^H Harrison se 10,288 Corydon 124 I^H Hendricks m 3,967 Danville 20 ^H Henry em 6,498 New Castle 49 ^H Jackson sm 4,894 Brownstown 69 ^H Jefferson ^ se 11,465 Madison 85 ^H Jennings "., . / sem 3,950 Vernon •' 64 BK Johnson • , "» 4,139 Franklin 20 [^B Knox ■ w 6,557 Vincennes '^ 126 ^H Lawrence ' sn 9,237 Bedford 73 ^B Madison ^ m 2,442 Andersontown 41 ^H Marion m 7,181 Indianapolis ^B Martin sm 2,010 Mount Pleasant 121 ^B Monroe sm 6,^578 Bloomington 61 ^1 Montgomery wm 7,386 Crawfordsville 44 I^H Morgan v m 6,579 Martinsville 30 ^B Orange ■ ' sm 7,909 Paoli 94 ^B Owen torn 4,060 Spencer 52 ^B Parke. IT 7,534 Rockville . . '•,' 68 ^H &."^ s 3,378 Rome 143 ^1 Pike sw 2,464 Petersburg 119 ^B Posey- SIB 6,883 Vlount Vernon 187 H Putnam torn 8,105 Green Castle 42 140 rNDL\NA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOW^S.-Cmtinued. Counties. Pop. ie30. County Towns, DIst. from Initi.inapolis. Randolph '.r _ e Ripley •■•■ sern Rush • ' em St. Joseph V n Scott V se Shelby m Spencer - ■' ' • « Sullivan , w Switzerland s Tippecanoe mom Union e Vanderburgh sw Vermilion to Vigo w Wabash nwm Warren • to Warwick sio Washington sm Wayne e 64 Total 3,912 3,957 9,918 287 3,097 6,294 3,187 4,696 7,111 7,167 7,957 2,610 5,706 5,737 2,854 2,973 13,072 18,587 Winchester Versailles Rushville Tarecoopy New Lexington Shelbyville Rockport Merom Vevay Lafayette Liberty Evansville Newport Terre Haute Elk Heart Plain Williamsport Boonvillo Salem Centerville 97 79 40 89 30 167 115 105 70 77 170 86 83 196 187 91 63 341,582 Population at different Periods. Population. Slaves. In 1800, 5,641 133 1810, 24,520 Increase from 1800 to 1810, 18,879 237 1820, 147,178 1810 1820, 122,658 190 1830, 341,582 1820 1830, 194,404 Towni. This state has had a rapid increase of inhabitants ; yet the greater part of the land within its limits still belongs to the United States. The following, having the population annexed for 1831, are some of the most considerable towns : — New Albany, about 2,500 ; Madison, about 2,000 ; Vin- cennes, about 1,800; Richmond, about 1,500; Indianapolis, about 1,200; Salem, about 1,000. The principal rivers are the Ohio, Wabash, White River, Whitewater, Tip- pecanoe, Illinois, Plein, Theakiki, St. Joseph's, and St. Mary's. There are no mountains in Indiana ; the country, however, is more hilly than the territory of Illinois, particularly towards Ohio river. A range of hills, called the Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the Wabash, in a south-west direction, which in many places produces a broken and uneven sur- face. North of these hills lie the flat woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bottom and prairie land ; both together from 3 to six miles in width. Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the country is mostly champaign, abounding alternately with wood-lands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. A range of hills runs parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami to Blue River, alternately approaching to within a few rods, and re- ceding to the distance of two miles. Immediately below Blue River, the hills disappear, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, co- vered with a heavy growth of timber. North of the Wabash, between Tippe- canoe and Ouitanan, the banks of the streams are high, abrupt, and broken, and the land, except the prairies, is well timbered. Between the Plein and Theakiki, the country is flat, wet, and swampy, interspersed with prairies of pi Hi km INDIANA. 141 an inferior soil. The sources of rivers are generally in swamps or lakes, and the country around them is low, and too wet for cultivation. There are two kinds of prairies, the river and the upland prairies; the former are bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to exhibit vestiges of former cultivation ; the latter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and are fiir more numerous and extensive. Some of them are not larger than a com- mon field, while others extend farther than the eye can reach. They are usu- ally bounded by heavily timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned with copses of small trees. In spring and summer, they are covered with a luxuri- ant growth of grass and fragrant flowers, from 6 to 8 feet high. The soil of these plains is often as deep and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies bor- dering on the Wabash are particularly rich. Wells have been dug in them, where the vegetable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was a stratum of fine white sand. The ordinary depth is from 2 to 5 feet. The principal productions of this state are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork, butter, whiskey, and peach brandy. Not far from Big Blue River there is a large cave, the entrance of %vhich is on the side of a hill, that is about 400 feet high. Here are found great quanti- ties of sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom salt, and of nitre, &c. The climate is generally healthy and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. The Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it may be safely crossed on the ice. In the southern part of Indiana there is a remarkable cave, which abounds in E;- TP salts, and which is thus described by Mr. Adams. — " The hill in whit : ituated is about 400 feet high from the base to the most elevated pointy ' ae prospect to the south-east, in a clear day, is exceedingly fine, commanding an extensive view of the hills and valleys bordering on Big Blue River. The top of the hill is covered principally with oak and chestnut. The side to the south-east is mantled with cedar. The entrance is about mid-way from the base to the summit, and the surface of the cave preserves in general about that elevation ; although I must acknowledge this to be conjectural, as no experiments have been made with a view to ascertain the fact. It is probably owing to this middle situation of the cave, that it is much drier than is common. " After entering the cave by an aperture 12 or 15 feet wide, and in height, in one place, 3 or 4 feet, you descend with easy and gradual steps into a large and spacious room, which continues about a quarter of a mile, varying in height from 8 to 30 feet, and in breadth from 10 to 20. In this distance the roof is in some places arched, in others a plane, and in one place it resembles the inside view of the roof of a house. At the distance above named, the cave forks, but the right hand fork soon terminates, while the left rises by a flight of rocky stairs, nearly 10 feet high, into another story, and pursues a course at this place nearly south-east. Here the roof commences a regular arch, the height of which from the floor varies from 5 to 8 feet, and the width of the cave from 6 to 12 feet, which continues to what is called the ' creeping-place,' from the circumstance of having to crawl 10 or 12 feet into the next large room. From this place to the pillar, a distance of about one mile and a quarter, the visitor finds an alternate succession of large and small rooms, variously decorated; sometimes travelling on a pavement, or climbing over huge piles of rocks, detached from the roof by some convulsion of nature. The aspect of this large and stately white column, as it heaves in sight from the dim reflection of the torches, is grand and impressive. Visitors have seldom pushed their inquiries further than 200 or 300 yards beyond this pillar. This column is about 15 feet in diameter, from 20 to 30 feet high, and regularly reeded from the top to the bottom." 142 INDIANA. ff-^)' 1 1 'i Hiatory. A college has been established at Bloomington: it has a philo- ' sophical and a chemical apparatus, and a foundation has been laid for a respectable library. One 36th part of the public lands has been appro- priated for the support of schools. s<,y, There are 20 periodical papers published in this state. Reiisjout '^^® Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 181 churches, denomina- 127 ministers, and 6,513 communicants; the Methodists, 34 preach- »«oni. gj.g^ ^j^j 13,794 members; the Presbyterians, about 60 churches and 20 ministers. Vincennes was settled about the beginning of the last century by French emigrants from Canada, and long remained a solitary vil- lage. Few settlements were made in the country by citizens of the United States till the end of the century. In 1801, Indiana was erected into a terri- torial government, and, in 1816, into a state. It has been settled chiefly by emigrants from the eastern and middle states, and has had a rapid growth, conrtitu- '^^® executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by tionandgothe people for a term of three years, and may be once re-elected. At vernment. gygj.y election of govemor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in c^-^p of the death, resignation, or removal of the governor, the powers and duties of that office devolve. The legislative authority is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of re- presentatives, elected annually. The number of representatives can never be less than 36, nor more than 100 ; and they are apportioned among the several counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of age. The number of senators, who are apportioned in like manner, cannot be less than one third nor more than one half of the number of representatives. The representatives and one third of the members of the senate, are elected annually on the first Monday in August ; and the govemor is chosen on the same day, every third year. The general assembly meets annually (at In- dianapolis) on the first Monday in December. The right of suffrage is granted to all male citizens of the age of 21 years or upwards, who may have resided in the state one year immediately preceding an election. The judiciary power is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and in such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists of three judges ; and each of the circuit courts consists of a president and two associate judges. The judges are all appointed for the term of 7 years. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the presidents of the circuit courts, by the legislature ; and the associate judges are elected by the people. The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars. , ,^., This state sends 7 representatives to congress. . ' ' \ ' , ILLINOIS. 1 T . . -*l Lknoth» 350 miles ; breadth, 180 : between 37° and 42° 30' N. latitude, and 10° 20' and 14° 21' W. longitude. It contains 50,000 square miles, and nearly 40,000,000 acres. Bounded on the north by the North- Western Territory. East by lake Michigan, Indiana, and the river Wabash. South by the Ohio, which separates it from Kentucky ; and west» in its whole extent, by the Mis- sissippi, which separates it from Missouri, and the Missouri Territory. ILLINOIS. I4» f «. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Countiei. Population County Towni. Diit. from Vandalia. Adams to 2,186 Quincy 193 Alexander a 1,390 America ' -■ 181 Bond ten fi 3,124 Greenville 20 Calhoun ',' V 1,090 Gilead 126 Clark e 3,940 Clark C. H. 66 Clay en I 765 Maysville 46 Clinton an I 2,330 Carlyle 30 Crawford ^ e 3,113 Palestine ; 118 Edgar 1 ? 4,071 Paris 106 Edwards 4 1,649 Albion 92 Fayette « I 2,704 Vandalia Franklin t r 4,081 Frankfort 102 Fulton i ;. ntn I Fulton C. H. 133 Henry > n \ 2,166 Middletown Knox S nm I Knox C. H. 188 Gallatin ae 7,407 Equality 137 Green tc 7,664 Carrollton 106 Hamilton ae 2,620 McLeanborough 93 Hancock .IB ■ 484 Venus 133 Jackson "* aw 1,827 Brownsville 127 Jefferson am 2,555 Mount Vernon 66 Jo-Daviess nw 2,111 Galena 326 Johnson a 1,696 Vienna 167 Lawrence e 3,661 Lawrenceville 64 Macaupin m 1,989 Carlinville 96 McLean Bloomington Macon wm 1,122 Decatur 70 ' Madison w 6,229 Edwardsville 55 Marion am 2,021 Salem 26 Mercer nw 26 , Monroe w 2,119 Waterloo 99 Montgomery m 2,960 Hillsborough 28 Morgan wm 12,709 Jacksonville 115 Macdonough ' Schuyler wm wm 2,050 Macomb Rushville 172 Peoria > Putnam nm 1 OA/\ Peoria 43 n 1,309 Hennepin Perry am 1,216 Pinckneyville 129 Pike w 2,393 Atlas 148 Pope ae 3,323 Golconda 160 Randolph aw 4,436 Kaskaskia ^ 95 St. Clair w 7,092 Belleville 71 Sangamon m 12,960 Springfield' 79 Shelby m 2,973 Shelbyville 40 Tazewell m 4,716 Mackinaw 149 Union sw 3,239 Jonesborough 164 Vermilion € 6,836 Danville 150 Wabash € 2,709 Mount Carmel 109 Warren nw 307 Warren Washington am 1,674 Nashville Wayne aem 2,662 Fairfield 69 White 62 Tota ae 6,091 Carmi 94 I 167,576, ' whom 746 are slaves. '* 144 ILUNOIS. ,:t In 1810, 1820, 1880, Popu)at lon. 12,582 55,&11 157,575 Papulation tU different Periods, \ik>:b Increase from 1810 to 1820, 42,929 1820 1830, 102,364 Slavei. 168 917 746 Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818, and contained that year, by enumeration, 35,220 inhabitants. The Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash form about two thirds of the whole bound- ary of this state. The other most considerable rivers are the Illinois, Kaskas- kia. Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, Michilimackinack, Crow Meadow, Rainy, Vermilion, Mine, Spoon, Rocky, and Sangamoin. The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, has been surveyed for military bounty lands. Congress appropriated for this object 3,500,000 acres ; and the surface actually surveyed amounts to an area about equal to 240 townships, each 6 miles square ; equal to 8,640 square miles, or 5,530,000 acres, nearly. It was necessary that the number surveyed should exceed the number appropriated, as the act of congress provides that the several portions granted shall be fit for cultivation. These lands are described as being very good. The southern and middle parts of the state are for the most part level. The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present a sublime and picturesque scenery. Several of their tributary streams have excavated for themselves deep and frightful gulfs, particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose banks near the junction of Big Hill Creek, present a perpendicular front of solid lime-stone 140 feet high. The north-western part of the territory is a hilly, broken country, though there are no high mountains. The climate resembles that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and wet lands in the southern part are unhealthy. The soil has been divided into six distinct kinds. 1 . Bottom land, bearing a heavy growth of honey locust, pecan, black-walnut, beach, sugar maple, buck- eye, pawpaw, grape vines, &c. This land is of the first quality, and is found in greater or less quantities on all the considerable rivers. It is of inexhaust- ible fertility, and is annually cultivated without manure. 2. Newly formed land, found at the mouths and confluences of rivers. It produces sycamore, cotton wood, v/ater maple, water ash, elm, willow, oak, 6sc. There are many thousand acres of this land at the mouth of the Wabash, and at the confluence of the Ohio with the Mississippi. It is annually inundated, and is unhealthy. 3. Dry prairies, approaching the rivers and bordering on the bottom land, from 30 to 100 feet higher, and from 1 to 10 miles wide. These prairies are desti- tute of trees, except where they are intersected by streams of water and occa- sional tracts of woodland. It has been estimated that as much as two thirds of the whole state consists of open prairie. The dry prairie has a black rich soil, well adapted to purposes of agriculture, and is covered with rank grass. 4. Wet prairie, found remote from streams, or at their sources. This is generally cold and unproductive, abounding with swamps and ponds, covered with tall coarse grass. 5. Land covered with timber, 'moderately hilly, well watered, and of a rich soil. 6. Hills, of a sterile soil and destitute of timber, or covered with stinted oaks and pines. The prevailing forest tree in Illinois is oak, of which as many as 13 or 14 different species have been enumerated. Honey locust, black-walnut, mulber- ry, plum, sugar maple, black locust, elm, bass wood, beach, buck-eye, hack- berry, coffee nut, sycamore, spice wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab- apple, wild cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are found in their congenial soils throughout the state. White pine is found on the head branches bf the Illinois. Copper and lead are found in several parts of the state. Coal has been dis- I I ILLINOIS. 145 it year, by hole bound* jis, Kaskas- low, Rainy, ;n surveyed : 3,600,000 ;qual to 240 r 5,530,000 1 exceed the ral portions s being very t level. The sublime and xcavated for askia, whose front of solid ry is a hilly, te resembles em part are ^d, bearing a maple, buck- and is found )f inexhaust- ewly formed !s sycamore, jre are many le confluence is unhealthy, m land, from ■ies are desti- ter and occa- two thirds of ack rich soil, : grass. 4. is generally -sred with tall well watered, ■^r, or covered as 13 or 14 Inut, mulber- !k-eye, hack- e haws, crab- (ngenial soils .f the Illinois. has been dis- k I covered in several places, on tlie Hig Muddy in gn.-at <|uantities near Hrowns- vitle, on the Kaskaskiii ncJir the town ot'that name, near the town of Edwards- viile on the Illinois, 50 miles above Illinois \n\n\ and in other plaees. Salt water is found in several |)laces sullicient to linnisli immense quantities of salt. The famous salt works Iw^longing to the United States are in tho vicinity of Shawnectown. Iron oi-e has also l)(>en diseovered. ►Suli)hur springs, ehalyl>eate springs, and v(>ry strong impregnations of pure sulphurate of magnesia or Epsom salts, atoujid in dilUirent parts. In the southern part of the state a nurnlxT of seetions of land have been re- served from sale on account of the silver ore which they are supposed to contain. The lead mines in the vicinity of Galena, are very extensive and valuable. The mineral has been found in every portion of a tract of more than 50 miles in extent in every direction, and is supposed to occupy a territory of more than twice that extent. The ore lies in beds, or horizontal strata, varying in thick- ness from one inch to several feet. It yields 75 per cent, of pure lead. The staple productions of Illinois are Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, l)cef, pork, horses, tobacco, and lead. The ca.stor bean is raised, and oil is manufactured from it, but not in large quantities. Good cotton is produced for home con- sumption, and is manufactured extensively in the Ihmilies of farmqrs into coarse fabrics, for domestic uses. Hemp, flax, and silk-worms succeed well. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, gooseberries, and currants arrive at great perfection. The wild fruits arc grapes, plums, cherries, gooseberries, mulberries, crab-apples, persimmons, blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. A canal has been projected (not yet commenced) to unite lake intnmai im- Michigan with the river Illinois, and the national government has pf"vement. made a liberal donation of land in aid of the design. The length will be about 70 miles ; and the cost is estimated at $800,000. Laborers are now employed in the construction of that part of the great National Road, which extends from the town of Vandalia to the eastern bound- ary of Indiana, near Terre Haute. The length of this part is 90 miles, and the road is so straight that its length is not so much as a mile greater than the distance by a right line between the two extreme points. The Cave in Rock, or House of Nature, on the Ohio below Shawneetown, is regarded as a great curiosity, and was formerly a rendezvous of robbers. A college has been recently established at Jacksonville, and land to the amount of 998,374 acres has teen given for the support of schools ; but no system of general education has yet been organized in Illinois. The Baptists in this state have 6 associations, 80 churches, 09 j^p^ j^^^ ministers, and 2,432 communicants ; the Methodists, 45 preachers, denomina- and 8,859 members; the Presbyterians, 24 churches, 13 ministers, and 492 communicants. One of the earliest settlements of the French in the Mississippi valley was made at Kaskaskia, in the latter part of the 17th century. Almost all the settlements that have been formed by the citizens of the United States, have been begun since 1800. In 1809, Illinois was erected into a ter- ritorial government, and in 1818, into a state. The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consist, congtim. ing of a Senate, the members of which are elected for four years ; tion and ro- and a House of Representatives, elected biennially. The number ^^'■""'^"'• of representatives shall not be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the num- ber of inhabitants within the state shall amount to 100,000 ; and the number of senators shall never be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives." The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for four years ; and he is not eligible for more than four years in any term of eight years. At the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, T tioni. History. 146 MISSOURI. who is epeakfir of the senate ; and on whom, in case the governor vacates his office, the duties of governor devolve. The representatives and one half of the senators are elected biennially on the first Monday in August ; and the governor is chosen, every fourth year, at the same time. The general assembly meets every other year, (at Vandalia), on the first Monday in December next following the election ; and the governor is authorized to convene it, on extraordinary occasions, at other times. All white male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, having resided in the state six months next preceding an election, have the rights of electors. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The judges are appointed by a joint ballot of both branches of the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior. The salary of the governor is 1000 dollarst This state sends 3 representatives to congress. 1 HI JHUWl' i| UMiw i 1 1 =1" ^ l« MISSOURI. Length, 270 miles ; breadth, 220. It contains 60,000 square miles, and 38,000,000 acres. Between 36°, and 40° 30' N. latitude, and between 11° 17' and 17° 30' W. longitude. Bounded north and west by the Missouri Territory; east and north-east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Illinois. Soutli- east by the Mississippi, which separates it from Kentucky and Tennessee. South by Arkansas Territory. \'i TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. ■ 1 Counties. Population. County Towns. Distance from Jeflerson City. ' 1 Boon m 8,889 Columbia 56 ' m Callaway m 6,102 Fulton 32 % Cape Girardeau se 7,430 Jackson 208 Chariton nm 1,776 Chariton 79 1 ^f Clay . nw 5,342 Liberty 190 Cole m 3,006 Jefferson City . Cooper m 6,019 Boonville 51 Crawford 1,709 Little Piney 98 Franklin em 3,484 Union 79 •I Gasconade m 1,548 Gasconade 47 Howard m 10,844 Fayette 65 Jackson w 2,822 Independence 177 Jefferson e 2,586 Herculaneum 164 ■1 Lafayette w 2,921 Lexington 138 J Lincoln e 4,060 Troy 97 'J Madison 2,371 Fredericktown 170 ■ -f Marion tie 4,839 Palmyra 190 » Monroe Monroe C. H. 129 -« Montgomery em 3,900 Lewistown 67 M V New Madrid se 2,351 New Madrid 278 . J ■^ Perry e 3,377 Perryville 187 Pike tie 6,122 Bowling Green 132 i ■J Ralls ne 4,346 New London 167 M Randolph nm 2,962 Randolph 96 ■ Ray n 2,657 Richmond 149 ■ * ^.^ ■ • 1 ^ -^ MISSOURI. 117 lor vacates his are miles, and )ctweenll°17' souri Territory ; ilinois. South- and Tenn< 3ssee. stance from flerton City. 56 32 208 79 190 51 98 79 47 65 177 164 138 97 170 190 129 67 278 187 132 167 96 149 TABLE OF THK COUNTIES AND COUNTY 'rOWm— Continued. Counties. Fopulatinn. ;>ounty Towhs. Dictancc fniiiil JctierHoii City. St. Charles e 4,322 St. Charles 123 St. Francois sem 2,386 Farmington 152 St. Genevieve € 2,182 St. Genevieve 168 St. Louis € 14,907 St. Louis 134 Saline nm 2,893 Walnut Farm 85 Scott ae 2,136 Benton 236 Washington em 6,797 Potosi 127 Wayne 33 Total 3,254 Greenville 200 of whom 24,990 arc slaves. 140,074, Population. In 1810, 19,833 1820, 66,586 [1824, 80,677] 1830, 140,074 Population at different Periods, Increase from 1810 to 1820, 46,753 1820 1830, 73,488 Slaves. 3,011 10,222 24,990 A great proportion of the land in this state is of the richest kind, producing corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, hemp, and tobacco, in great abundance. The lands bordering on the Missouri, are exceedingly rich. They consist of a stratum of black alluvial soil of unknown depth. As you recede from the banks of the rivers, the land rises, passing sometimes gradually, and sometimes abruptly into elevated barrens, flinty ridges, and rocky cliffs. A portion of the state is, therefore, unfit for cultivation, but this part of the state is rich in mineral trea- sures. The land is either very fertile or very poor ; it is either bottom land, or cliff,*either prairie or barren ; there is very little of an intermediate quality. The climate is remarkably serene and temperate, and very favorable to health. The most remarkable feature in Missouri is its lead mines, which are proba- bly the most extensive on the globe. They occupy a district between 37° and 38° N. lat. and between 89° and 92° W. long, extending from the head waters of St. Francis river in a north-west direction, to the Merrimack, a distance of 70 miles in length, and about 45 miles in breadth. They cover an area of more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of the richest and purest kind, and exists in quantities sufficient to supply all the demands of the United States, and allow a large surplus for exportation. Quantity of Lead made at U. S. Lead Mines annually, from 1821 to 1831. lbs. of lead made from 1821 to 30 Sept. 1823 Fever River. Missouri. Total. 835,130 . . • 335,130 do. for the year ending 30 Sept. 1824 175,220 ... 175,220 do. do. do. 1825 664,530 386,590 1,051,120 do. do. do. 1826 958,842 1,374,962 2,333,804 do. do. do. 1827 5,182,180 910,380 6,092 560 do. do. do. 1828 11,105,810 1,205,920 12,311,730 do. do. do. 1829 13,343,150 1,198,160 14,.541,310 do. do. • do. 1830 8,323,998 8,060 8,332,058 do. do. . do. 1831 Total, 6,381,900 67,180 6,449,080 46,470,820 5,151,252 51,622,072 lA 'S "fe # 148 MISSOURI. '1 H'/-' 1 1 m 9 nil 1 i Operations of the Lead Mines, for the year ending September 30, 1831. (},:wi,»()(» 319,0! .". 1134,730 «7,IH0 3,359 6,449,031) 322,454 124,730 Pounds of load made *Pounds of lead which have accrued as rent Rents remaininj^ due 30ili Septenilx^r, 1830 Total rents due in the year ending 30th Sep- tember, 1831 Pounds of lead received as rent in 1831 . . Rents remaining due the 30fh Sept. 1831 . * Renta reduced from 10 to 5 jwr cent, on the nmount of lead mnde, by order of the Secretary of Wor, January 15th, 1830. Ffivcr Rini 443,831 271,627 172,204 Missouri. 3,359 3,359 Total. 447,190 274,980 172,204 Besides the groat rivers Mississippi and Missouri, this state is watered by va. rlous others of considerable magnitude. The largest an; the Osage, Grand, Chariton, Gasconade, Merrimac or Maramec, Wa.shita, and St. Francis. The Osage is a large river, navigable for boats 660 miles. Steamboat St. Louis is 1200 miles, by the course of the river, above New "from St." OrlC'ins, and is, next to that city, the largest and mo.st commercial Louis, town on the Mississippi. In the summer of 1831, there were six steamboats regularly employed between St. Louis and New Orleans. A trip from one place to the other and back again usually occupies 24 days ; the shortest time in which one was ever made, 18 days. The usual fare for cabin passengers descending, 820 ; ascending, $25 ; for deck passengers, $5 either way. Freight per lOOOlbs. descending, 37i cents; ascending, 62^ cents. From St. Louis to Louisville, 630 miles : 6 boats regularly running, in 1831 : usual time of a trip 10 or 11 days ; the passage one way usually being some. what more than three days ; fare of cabin passengers about $15, either way ; deck passengers, $4 : freight about 25 cents per lOOlbs. One boat 4lso ran regularly to Cincinnati, 150 miles above Louisville. From St. Louis to Fever River, about 480 miles : 3 steamboats regularly employed in 1831 : time occupied by a trip, about 10 days : fare for passengers ascending, 815 ; descending, $9. The route of one of the boats occasionally extended to St. Peter's River, 400 miles further up. In 1831, two boats were employed in running from St. Louis up the Missouri to Franklin, 200 miles, and to Fort Leavenworth, 200 miles further : freight to Franklin 75 cents per lOOlbs., and to Fort Leavenworth from 81.25 to 81.50: from Franklin down, 25 cents per lOOlbs. From St. Louis to Pekin, on Illinois river, 180 miles : two or three boats regu- larly employed in 1831. Steamboats come occasionally to St. Louis from Pittsburg and other places. St. Louis College and another seminary at a place called Bois Bnile Bottom, in the southern part of the state, both Catholic institutions, are the most considerable literary seminaries in Missouri. A portion of the public lands have been granted by congress for the support of schools ; but no provision for education has been made by the legislature of the state, except tho passing of some laws relating to the lands granted by congress. The Baptists in this state have 9 associations. 111 churches, 07 denomina- ministers, and 3,955 communicants ; the Methodists, 23 preachers tions. jjjjj 3,403 members ; the Presbyterians, 17 churches, 10 ministers, and 605 communicants; the Roman Catholics, a considerable number of churches and priests ; the Episcopalians, 3 ministers. There are 12 periodical papers in the state. There is a branch of the Unilctl States Bank at St. Louis, which is the only bank in the state. *■■ Education. ■"■% DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 140 30, isai. Tot al. fl,449,0:U) 321i,454 124,7:«i 447,190 274,UH« 172,204 f the Secretory atered by va. sage, Grand, rancis. The , above Now t commercial ere were six cans. A trip 24 days ; the fare for cabin ers, $5 either i2i cents, ling, in 1831: f being some- >, either way ; boat &lso ran )ats regularly or passengers occasionally the Missouri freight to .25 to $1.50: ler •ec boats regu- Louis from ed Bois Brule institutions, lortion of the [lools ; but no ate, except tho churches, fi7 23 preachers 10 ministers, e number of ich is the only I Th. The constitution of this state was formed at St. liouis, in ' "^^O* e„„„i,u,io„ gisktive power was vested in a (jieneral AHsen)l)ly, consisting and govern- of a S«'nato and a Iloust; of Representatives. Tho rci)re8entatives '"*•"• aw chosen every second year. l'iV(!ry county is entitled to at least one repre- sentative; but the wliole numl)er can nev(,'r exceed 100. The senators are eUrted for four years, the seats of one half iK'ing vacated every second year. The constitutional numb(!r is, not less than 14, nor more than 33. They aro chosen by districts, and are apportioned according to the number of free whito inhabitants. 'J'he elections for representatives and senators are held biennially on the first Monday in August. The executive powcT is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, on the first Monday in August; and he is ineligible for the next four years aller the expiration of his term of service. At the time of the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, v/iio is, by virtue of his office, president of the senate. The legislature meets every second year (at the City of Jefferson,) on tho f^.rst Monday in November. The right of suffrage is granted to every whito male citizen, who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state one year before an election, tho Icist three months thereof being in the county or district in which he offers his vote. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in a chancellor, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. Th(! judges arc appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and con- sent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good behavior, but not beyond the agt; of 05 years. The governor's salary is 1500 dollars. '. This state sends two representatives to congress. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia is a tract of country, 10 miles square, on both sides of Potomac river, 120 miles from its mouth. It was ceded to the United States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in 1800 became the seat of tho general government. It is under the immediate government of congress. Counties. Population. Alexandria, 9,608 Washington, 30,250 Totaly 39,858 Ciiief Towns. Alexandria. Washington. In 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, Population. 14,093 24,023 33,039 39,858 Population at different Periods. Increase from 1800 to 1810, 9,930 1810 1820, 9,016 1820 1830, 6,819 Slaves. 3,244 6,395 6,377 6,056 The surface of the District of Columbia is generally very pleasantly diver- sified by hill and dale. The soil, in its natural state, is sterile. The climate is esteemed very healthy. The latitude of the Capitol is 38° 52' 45" north, and within a very small fraction, 77° west from London. The mean temperature about 55° Fahrenheit ; similar to that of Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, and Richmond. The situation of the District is such that it has become the centre of a very extensive commerce. The quantity of flour and other domestic produce, brought »•*(>, 150 .III P' FLORIDA. down the Putoniuc annually, is very C()nsi(lt;ral)!<\ Tlio principal shipping interest of this distri('t centres at A!t;xan i!:)lan(ls contain hoiuv. scttlcnunts and ninny good harbors. 'I'Ik; eddies which sef towards the shore Irorn the jriilf stream causi! niany shipwrecks on this part of the coast, furtiishing employment to th« Hahanm wreckers. Th(! rivers and coasts of l-'loridu yield n variety of fish, among which are the shee|)shoad, mullet, trmit, and bass, and abundance of .shell-fish, as oysters, shrim|)s, crabs, &ic. The soil of Florida is in some parts, esp(!cinlly on the banks of the rivers, equal to any in the world ; in other [)arts, it is inditK'reiit ; and there an; largi; tracts which are n'presented to Ik) of little value. 'I'hc country, however, has In^eii but im|K'rlectly explored, and lew agricultural e.xp<'rimeiits have Ix-en made. Much of the land, which, on a superiuMal view, has bei-n su[)posed to Ix; not worth cultivating, it is htilioved may b(! turned to very profitable account. Owing to its proximity to tho sea on both sides, this peninsula has a milder climate than the country to the west of it, in tho same latitude. The productions are corn, rice, potattx's, cotton, hemp, olives, oranges, and other fropicid fruits, and it is supposed that cotl'eo and tho sugar cant; will (lourish hero. The pine barrens produce grii:^s, which supports an imtiienso numl)or of cattle. TIk; foro.*^ s yield fine live-oi-k, pitch, tar, and turpentine, and Iurnl)er has been expo- 1 -d fir nearly n <'entnry. Among the most fertile lands are Forlx's' Purchase., and tlu AlacliUi Savannali, The climate, from ()ctob<;r to June, is generally salubrious r but tiio months of July, August, and Septembtn*, are extn^mely hot and uncomfortable ; and during this season, il-vers arc prevalent. At St. Augustii o, howc\ ., iho climate is delightful, and this place is the resort of invalids. The principal rivers are St. John's, Apalachicola, Suwance, S . : lark's, Oclockonnc, and Connecuh. Tho lakes are Macaca, and Lake George. The principal bays are Pcnsacola, St. Rosn, Apalachie, Tarupa, Charlotte Harlx)r, and Chatham Bay. The Florida canal extends from the mouth of the river St. Mary's, to Apa- lachie Bay ; length, 250 miles. I'uorii.E vm:\v of the Florida caival. The capes are Cannaveral, Florida, Sable, Romans, and St. Bias. The chief towns arc Pcnsacola, St. Auf.;iitinc, Jacksonville, and Tallahassee, the capital. The bank of Florida is at Tallahassee, and the only one in the Territory. The salary of the governor is 2,500 dollars. MICHIGAN TERRITORY. Length, 250 miles; breadth, 135: containing 33,950 square miles, and 21,600,000 acres. Between 41° 31' and 45° 40' N. lat. ; and between 5° 12' and 10° W. Ion. from Washington. Bounded on the north by the straits of Michilimackinac ; east by lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, and their waters ; south by Ohio and Indiana ; and west by lake Michigan. 153 MICHIGAN TERRITORY. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Population. County Towns. UiHtancc fr. DiUroit. Berrien 323 Nilos 179 Cass 928 Edwardsburg 169 Jackson Tacksonopolis 88 Lenawee s 1,491 Tccumseh 63 Macomb se 2,414 Mount Clemens 26 Michilimackinac n 877 Mackinac 321 Monroe se 3,187 Monroe 30 Oakland sem 4,910 Pontiac 26 St. Clair c 1,115 St. Clair 59 St. Joseph 1,313 White Pigeon Prairie Van Biiren 5 Washtenaw sm 4,042 Ann Arbor 42 Wayne se 4,565 > 2,222 FlF.TlinTT Detroit, city J_/£iX tW/^M. Counties west o, f Lake Michigan, which are under its \ government. Brown 964 Menomonie Chippewa 625 Sault de Stc. Marie 356 Crawford 692 Prairie du Chien 598 Iowa 17 Total 1,589 Helena 31,260, of whom 27 are slaves. Michigan territory is a large peninsula, something resembling a triangle, with its base resting upon Ohio and Indiana. Three quarters of its extent are surrounded by the great lakes Huron and Michigan. It is generally a level country, having no mountains, and not many elevations that might properly be called hills. The centre of the peninsula is table land, elevated, however, not many feet above the level of the lakes, and sloping inwards. The eastern parts of this territory, from various circumstances, became first settled. Within the few last years a great mass of emigrants have begun to spread themselves over this fine and fertile country. Situated, as it is, be- tween the west, the south, and the east, with greater facilities for extensive inland water commu.iication than any other country on the globe, with a fertile soil, of which millions of acres are fit for the plow, with a healthful climate, and with a concurrence of circumstances inviting northern population, there can be no doubt that it will soon take its place as a state, and rival its western sister states. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips, peas, apples, pears, plums, cherries, and peaches are raised easily and in abundance. It is a country more favorable to cultivated grasses than the western country. In short, it is peculiarly fitted for northern farmers. No inland country, according to its age, population, and circumstances, has a greater trade. A number of steamboats and lake vessels arc constantly plying in this trade, which is with Mackinack, Detroit, Chicago, and Ohio. The amount of foreign exports, in 1831, was $53,290. The climate of this region, in consequence of its being level and peninsular, and surrounded on all sides but the south with such immense bodies of wntcr, is more temperate and mild than could be expected from its latitude. The southern parts have mild winters, and the spring opens as early as in any part of the United States in the same latitude : the position of the northern parts must subject it to a Canadian temperature. The winter commences here early in November, and does not terminate until the end of March. At De- troit, in 1818, the mean heat of January was 24^, and in 1820, the mean iicat > vl NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 163 of July was 69°, of December 27°. At Mackinack, the most northern settle- ment in the United States, the mean heat of October was 45° ; of November 32° ; and of December 21°. The Methodists in this territory have 11 preachers and 675 mem- jie„gio„, bers ; the Presbyterians, 6 churches and 6 ministers j the Episcopa- denomina- lians, 5 ministers; the Baptists, 1 association, 2 ministers, and 187 "°"*' communicants ; the Roman Catholics, several priests. The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. Detroit, the capital of Michigan, was settled by the French about "'"*"^' the year 1670. In 1805, the country was erected by the congress of the United States into a separate territorial government; in 1812, it was taken by the British unde. general Brock ; and in 1813, it was recovered by the army of the United States under general Harrison. : m NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. Nearly 500 miles in length, and 400 in breadth. Between 42° 30', and 49° N. latitude, and 10° 31', and 18° 30' W. longitude from Washington. Bounded east by Lake Michigan; north by Lake Superior and the British possessions; west by the Mississippi, and a line drawn from its source to the northern boundary, which separates it from Missouri Territory. The most accurate account of this country is to be found in Long's Second Expedition. It is generally a hilly country, with the exception of extensive level prairies At the western extremity of Lake Superior are the Cabolian Mountains; and near the mineral district the Smoky Mountains. In some of its features, this country resembles Missouri Territory ; but has greater proportions covered with wood. The chief rivers, except the Mississippi, are Ouisconsin river. Fox, Chippeway, St. Croix, Rum, St. Francis, and Savanna of the Mississippi ; Grand Portage, Ontonagon, Montreal, Mauvaise, Bois Brule, St. Louis, and nearly 50 smaller streams are waters of Lake Superior. Riviere la Pluie falls into the Lake of the Woods. None of the lake rivers have a course of more than 150 rniles, and few more than 50 miles. The largest river of the Mississippi in this Territory, is Ouisconsin, which rises in the northern interior of the country, and interlocks with the Montreal Jl'Lake Superior. It has a course of between 3 and 400 miles, with a shallow and raj^id current, which is, however, generally beatable in good stages of the water, and is 800 yards wide at its mouth. There is a portage of only half a mile between this and Fox river. It i3 over a level prairie, across which, fifom river to river there is a water commi^Aation for periagues in high stages of the water. IH^ This is a fine region for hunters, nrthe upper part of the country, buflfaloes, elk, bears and deer are common. Beavers, otters, and muskrats are taken for f! . * >" 154 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. ,11 Ui m Is I m 1 iV their furs. The trappers and savages roam over irntnense prairies in pursuit of their objects. In some parts of it the soil is fertile. White and yellow pine, and white birch are common among the forest trees. All the water-courses, ponds, and marshes are covered with wild rice, which constitutes a considera- ble part of the nourishment of the inhabitants. The liead waters of the Mis- sissippi are estimated to be 1,330 feet above the level of the sea. It is a country abundant in minerals. In it are found great quantities of the terre verte, or green earth, lead, copper and iron. The lead-mine district is in the lower part of the country, between Rocic river and the Ouisconsin. On Fever river are the chief establishments of the present miners, and the mines are probably as rich and as abundant as any in the world. It Ims been assert- ed, for half a century, that great quantities of native copper are found along the northern shore of Lake Superior. On the Ontonagon are great quantities of pure copper in detached masses. A single mass is estimated to weigh 3,000 pounds. More recent and intelligent travellers have not realized the expecta- tions that have been raised in respect to finding this metal. But lead and jron are found in various places ; and sufficient indications of the existence of mines of copper. The southern part of this extensive region possesses a climate compara- tively mild, and not much unlike that of the northern belt of Missouri. At the Falls of St. Anthony the summers are temperate, and the -winters extremely cold. The sources of the Mississippi are in a r^'rion severely inclement. At St. Peters, in 1820, the mean temperature of January was zero, a degree of cold not felt in any part of the United States that is much settled.' The sum- mer was temperate, and the atmosphere beautifully serene. Even at Prairie du Chien, though much more temperate, the winters are very severe. On the 19th July, near the Falls of Packagama, the elevation being 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, " the night was so cold that the water froze upon the bottoms of the canoes, and they were incrusted with a scale of ice of the thickness of a knife-blade. The thermometer stood at 36° at sunrise. There had been a heavy dew during the night, which was succeeded by a dense fog in the morning, and the forenoon remained cloudy and chilly." Green Bay Settlement is situated at the outlet of Fox river, and contains 952 inhabitants. A few miles up Fox river of this bay, in a most romantic posi- tion, is an interesting Episcopal missionary establishment. There are two or three other incipient establishments of hunters and trappers. Prairie du Chien is a considerable village. There are flour-mills near it. It is a place of im- portance as an outlet from the Lower Mississippi to the upper waters. It is situated near a beautiful prairie. The position of the village has been recently iniHi)4&ted. Most of the permanent i]j|||bi^nts have Indian blood in their veins. At certain seasons ol' the year it h^IHkJous, bustling, and busy. Curious modes of justice and of dispatching J)OTftess have been adopted here by pre- scription. The inha' tants of this village and settlement amount to 492. Fre- quent voyages are made from- St. Louis to this place in keel-boats. The richest copper mines, and. large masses of pure copper, are found here. This vast region has hitherto been politically connected with Michigan Ter- ritory ; but as that Territory has as distinct geogi*aphical limits as any state in the Union, and this region is only connected with that by circumstances of a temporary nature, it is evident that this country ought to be viewed, at least geographically, as a territory by itself. Prairie du Chien, Cassville, and Green Bay are the largest villages, and the whole population is rated at 16,000. Three thousand immigrants for this coun- try passed through Buffalo in a single week. 1^ *i rics in pursuit 1(1 yellow pine, water-courses, cs u considcra- ers of the Mis- uantities of the lie district is in lisconsin. Ou and the mines as been assert- re found along at quantities of ,0 weigh 3,000 .^d the expecta- it lead and iron stence of mines mate compara- ssouri. At the Iters extremely inclement. At ro, a degree of ed.' The suni- 5ven at Prairie 3vere. an being 1,200 'ater froze upon le of ice of the unrise. There by a dense fog id contains 952 romantic posi- lerc are two or rairie du Chien a place of im- waters. It is s been recently in their veins. )usy. Curious 'd here by pre- It to 492. Fre- ts. The richest Michigan Ter- as any state in umstances of a iewed, at least 11a ges, and the | i for this coun- I ARKANSAS TERRITORY. ARKANSAS TERRITORY. 155 ■■v^. r I Greatest length 500 miles. Medial length 300. Breadth 240. It con- tains more than 50,000 square miles. Between 33° and 36° 30' N. latitude; and 13° and 23° W. longitude from Wjishington. Bounded north by Missouri and the territory lieyor.'i ; o ist by the Mississippi, which separates it from Ten- nessee and Mississippi ; ^outh by Louisiana and the Mexican states ; west by those states. It was erected into a territorial government in 1819, and contains 25,667 whites, and 4678 blacks— total 30,383. The limits of this great region are strongly defined by physical and geographical lines. These lines are for the most part large rivers, and the ocean of prairies beyond. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. County Towns. Uist. I'roin Littlu Kock. Arkan.sas e 1,423 Arkansas 114 Chicot se 1,165 Villemont 184 Clark cm 1,369 Clark C. H. 87 Conway em 082 Harrisburg 40 Crawford m 2,440 Crawford C. H. 136 Crittenden ne 1,272 Greenock 168 Hempstead s 2,507 Hempstead C. H. 130 Hot or Warm Spring m 458 Warm Spring 60 Independence n 2,032 Batesville 102 Izard n 1,266 Izard C. H. 172 Jackson 333 Litchfield Jefferson 772 Lafayette « 748 Lafayette C. H. 182 Lawrence ne 2,806 Jackson 152 Miller »w 358 Miller C. H. s 228 Monroe 461 Jacob's Staff • 84 Phillips ' € 1,152 Helena • - 124 Pope 1,483 Scotia 81 Pulaski m 2,395 Little Rock St. Francis 1,505 Franklin Sevier 636 Paraclifta 168 Union 640 Corea Fabre Washington 23 Total 2,181 Fayetteville of whom 4,.578 arc slav 217 PS. .30,383, The soil exhibits every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile. The indigenous forest-trees arc specifically numerous, and very large. The principal species are, oak, hickory, ash, sycamore, cotton-wood, linden, maple, three or four species, locust and pine. The cultivated fruit-trees are the apple, |war, peach, plum, nectarine, cherry and quince. The various kinds of small grain succeed well, such as wheat, rye, oats, barley, and maize. Garden plants are abundant, and grow luxuriously. In metallic wealth, Arkansas is productive in iron ore, gypsum, and common salt. Cotton, Indian corn, flour, peltry, salted prov.'sions, and lumber, are the staples of the territory. Arkansas was among the most ancient settlements of the French in Louisiana. That nation had a hunting and trading post on the Arkansas river as early as the beginning of the eighteenth century ; but, from the peculiar situation of the adja- cent country, the settlements upon that river made little advance before the transfer of Louisiana to the United States. Since that period, Arkansas has been involved in the various vicissitudes of the country of which it formed a r r ^ 15G MISSOURI TERRITORY. part ; and on the formation of Missouri into a state, became a territory of the United States. The Arkansas Territory was erected into a separate government in 1819, extending from the Mississippi to Mexico; but in 1824, the western limit was restricted to a line beginning 40 miles the west of the south-west corner of the state of Missouri, and running south to Red river. The Hot Springs, towards the sources of the Washita, are much visited by invalids. The waters are pure and limpid, with little or no mineral properties, and their ordinary temperature is said to be that of boiling heat. The Methodists in this territory have 7 preachers and 983 mem- denomina- bers ; the Baptists, 1 association, 8 churches, 2 ministers, and 88 tions. communicants ; the Roman Catholics, several priests ; the Presbyte- rians, 3 or 4 ministers ; and the Episcopalians, 1 minister. The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. f:i MISSOURI TERRITORY. This vast extent of country, lying between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, comprises the greater part of the western slope of the Mississippi valley, and is almost wholly uninhabited, except by Indians. A belt of country, extending from 200 to 400 miles to the west of the Mis- sissippi, is covered, in great part, with forests. To the west of this is found a vast repion of plains reaching to the Rocky Mountains ; in some parts it is fertile and covered with grass, and in others sandy and sterile. It has been compared to the steppes of Central Asia, and some portions of it to the African desert of Sahara. The margins of the lower courses of the rivers that enter the Mississippi from this region are wooded ; but in ascending towards the mountains, the trees gradually diminish, and at length entirely disappear. To the west of these plains the Rocky Mountains rise up in an abrupt man- ner, presenting a steep front, with many frowning rocky precipices, and having many summits covered with perpetual snow. It is a singular fact that, between the sources of the La Platte and the Buenaventura, there is an opening through this range which admits the passage of loaded wagons. The largest rivers of this country are the Missouri and its tributaries, the Konsas or Kansas, La Platte, and Yellowstone. The Great Falls of the Missouri, which are 2570 miles by the river from the Mississippi, consist of a succession of cataracts and rapids, amounting in the whole to 350 feet. The largest cataract, which is 87 feet perpendicular, presents a scene of much beauty and grandeur. The place where the Missouri seems to have torn for itoolf a passage through the mountain ridge, called the Gates of the Rocky Mountains, is described as a very sublime spectacle. The river flows through a chasm more than five miles long, where the rocks rise perpendicularly from the water's edge to the height of nearly 1200 feet. The stream is here compressed to the width of 150 yards ; and for the space of three miles, there is but one spot on which a man can stand, between the edge of the water and the perpendicular ascent of the mountain rock. The United States have established military posts at Council Bluffs and on St. Peter's river. # ' i \ ^ttL nent in 1819, tern limit was fest corner of OREGON TERRITORY. OREGON TERRITORY. 157 This is an extensive country, lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific ocean ; but it is little known. It is watered by the river Oregon, or Columbia, and its branches, the princi- pal of which are Lewis's river, Clark's rivpr, and the Multnomah. The country bordering on the Oregon and its branches, is represented as having a good soil, and is covered with heavy timber, consisting chiefly of va- rious species of fir ; many of the trees being of enormous height. At a distance from the ocean the country is mountainous, destitute of trees, and much of it barren. Extensive prairies are found on the west, as well as on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. The climate, in the mountainous parts, is severe ; but near the shores of the Pacific ocean, it is much milder than in the s&me latitude on the Atlantic. This country was explored by Lewis and Clark, in 1805; and in 1811, a trading establishment was formed at Astoria by some Americans. » « I Table exhibiting the Seats of Government, the Times of holding the Elec- tion of State Officers, and the Time of the Meeting of the Legislature of the several States. , ' g towards the the river from amounting in assage through described as a lore than five r's edge to the the width of )ot on which a ;ular ascent of Bluffs and on gtatea. Maine N. Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia N. Carolina S. Carolina Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Tennessee Kentucky Ohio Indiana Illinois Mieeouri Seats of Govern- ment. Augusta Concord Montpelier Boston ^ Providence, \ Newport, &.c. Hart. & N. Hav. Albany Trenton Harrisburg Dover Annapolis Richnriond Raleigh Columbia I.Iilledgeville Tuscaloosa Jackson New Orleans Nashville Frankfort Columbia Indianapolis Vandalia Jefferson City Time of holding Elections. 2d Monday in Sept. 2d Tuesday in March Ist Tuesday in Sept. 2d Mend, in November Gov. & Sen. in Ap. ; Rep. in Ap. & Aug. 1st Monday in April In Octobei* or Novem. 2d Tuesday in October 2d Tuesday in October 2d Tuesday in Novem. 1st Monday in October In the month of April Commonly in August 2d Monday in October 1st Monday in October 1st Monday in August 1st Monda ■ in August 1st Monday in July 1st Thursday in August 1st Monday in August 2d Tuesday in October 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in August list Monday in August Time of the Meeting of the Legislature. Ist Wednesday in Jan. 1st Wednesday in June 2d Thursday in Oct. 1st Wednesday in Jan. lstWed.May& in June lastWed.Oct. &- in Jan. 1st Wednesday in May 1st Tuesd. in January 4th Tuesd. in October 1st Tuesday in Decem. 1st Tues. in Jan. bienn. last Monday in Decem. 1st Monday in Decem. 2d Mond. m November 4th Monday in Novem. 1st Monday in Novem. 4th Monday in October 1st Monday in Novem. 1st Monday in January :id Mond. Sept. hienn, 1st Monday in Novem. 1st Monday in Decem. 1st Monday in Decem. 1st Mond. Dec. bienn. 1st Mond. Nov. bienn. 158 'ABT,E OF REPRESENTATIVES, &c. *% E(?r"'T''!lif Table exhibiting the Governor's Term and Salary, the Number of Sen- ators and Ilepresentatipes with their respective Terms and Pay, and the Mode of choosing Electors of President and Vice-President, in the ser^eral States. :f ■■■ a H cd Salary. 3 i o 20 h El ■3-3 173 Electors of President and Vice- President chosen by] Maine 1 150. 1 153 f2.00 Districts New Hampshire 1 1200 12 1 229 236 2.00 Gen'l Ticket Vermont* 1 750 none 230 230 1.50 do. Massachusettsf 1 3666§ .40 1 481 521 2.00 do. Rhode Island 1 400 10 1 72 82 1.50 do. Connecticut :j: 1 1100 21 1 208 229 2.00 do. New York 2 4000 32 4 128 160 3.00 do. New Jersey§ 1 2000 14 1 50 64 3.00 do. Pennsylvania 3 4000 33 4 100 133 3.00 do. Delaware 3 1333i 9 4 21 30 2.50 Legislature Maryland 1 3500 15 5 80 95 4.00 Districts Virginia 3 3333J 32 4 134 166 4.00 Gen'l Ticket North Carolina 1 2000 04 1 134 198 3.00 do. South Carolina 2 3900 45 4 124 169 4.00 Legislature Georgia 2 3000 78 1 142 220 4.00 (icn'l Ticket Alabama 2 2000 22 3 72 X 94 4.00 do. Mississippi 2 2500 11 3 36 47 3.00 do. Louisiana 4 7000 17 4 50 2 67 4.00 Legislature Tennessee 2 2000 20 2 60 2 80 4.00 do. Kentucky 4 2000 38 4 100 138 2.00 Gen'l Ticket Ohio 2 1200 36 2 72 108 3.00 do. Indiana 3 1000 23 3 62 85 2.00 do. Illinois 4 1000 4 2 3.00 do. Missouri 4 1500 18 4 49 2 66 3.00 do. ♦ There is no senate in the legislature of Vermont ; but the executive council, con- sisting of the governor, lieutenant-governor, and 12 counsellors, elected by the free- men, are empowered to lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary ; also to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the house of representatives. t The number of representatives in the legislature of Massachusetts in 1831, was 481 ; but the number is very variable. \ The pay of the senators, in the legislature of Connecticut, is $2 a day ; that of the representatives, .f 1.50. } The upper house, which forms an independent branch of the legislature of New Jersey, is styled the " Legislative Council." II Three different modes of choosing the electors of president and vice-president in the different states, are authorized by tlie constitution, viz. by the people by districts, by the people by a general ticket, and by the state legislatures. The same states have not all uniformly wlhered to the same mode ; and the mode may be varied at the pleasure of tlie state legislatures. ..^ii«ii-.. MEXICO. MEXICO. 159 PYRAMID OF ClIOLULA. Mexico is bounded north by the United States nnd Gulf of Mexico; east by the United States, Gulf of Mexico, and Bay of Honduras; south by Guate- mala ; and west by the Pacilic Ocean. The chief cities are Mexico, the metropolis and capital, Guanaxuato, Guada- laxara, Puebla, Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Vera Cruz, and Valladolid. The principal rivers are the Brazos, Colorado, Bravo, Grande, Gila, Colo- rado of the west, Buenaventura, and Hiaqui. Length, 1850 miles; breadth, 1,000: square miles, 1,690,000. Population 7,000,000 : by some the population is estimated at 8,000,000. The Ibllowing 19 independent states belong to the Mexican Republic, besides 5 Territories : States. Sq. miles. Population. Capital. Mexico 30,482. . . .1,100,000. . . .Mexico Puebla 18,441 .... 900,000 .... Puebla Guanaxuato 6,225 600,000 Guanaxuato Michoacan 24,166 .... 38.'i,000 .... Valladolid Jalisco 72,389 .... 600,000 .... Guadalaxara Zacatecas 17,580 230,298 Zacatecas Oaxaca 32,697 600,000 Oaxaca Yucatan 79,534 .... 450,000 .... Merida Tabasco 14,676 78,056 Hermosa Chiapas 18,750 93,750 Chiapas Vera Cruz 27,660 .... 156,740 Jalapa Queretaro 13,482 500,000 Queretaro San Luis Potosi 19,017 .... 174,957 .... San Luis Potosi Tamtulipas 35,121 166,624 Tamaulipas Durango 54,800 200,000 Durango Chihuahua 107,584 .... 160,000 .... Chihuahua Sonera and Sinaloa 254,705 188,636 Sinaloa New Leon 21,200 113,419 Monterey Coahulia and Texas 193,600 125,400 Leona Vicario Ter. of Santa Fe 214,800 .... 150,000 .... Santa Fe Do. Up. California 376,344 25,400 Monterey Do. L. California 57,021 13,419 . . , .Lorcto . Totals.... 1,690,304 7,011,899 The Territories of Tlascala and Colima consist of those cities respectively, together with a very limited extent of contiguous country. The country out of which this republic has been formed, is peculiar as re- ^i 160 MEXICO. ^^:'fl iliillj ' m -'!'■ 81 Kh ¥m ■ spects the features of its geography. It extends from lat. 15" 60' to 42° N. : the intermediate space embracing every variety of soil, from the most recent alluvion to mountain valleys, or rather plains, of near 8000 feet above the con- tiguous oceans. These elevated plains are again broken and decorated by col- lossal summits, rising from 12 to upwards of 17,000 feet. In one of those aerial valleys, stands the city of Mexico, 7,400 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. From this difference of elevation, and from em- bracing such an extensive range within and without the tropics, Mexico may bo considered as possessing every climate of the earth, and capable of producing every vegetable necessary to the wants or the luxuries of human life. Its me- tallic wealth is no less abundant than its vegetables. From its bowels are extracted many of the most useful, and all the precious metals. Mexico is perhaps better calculated than any other part of the earth, to form a political community capable of producing within its own limits, all that the necessities, the arts, or elegancies of society can demand. Mexico has no slaves worth notice; that class of its population not amount- ing, at the utmost, to more than 10,000 ; or as 1 to 584 of the entire body of thoipeople. The civilized Indians form more than two-fifths of the whole, and are ihe laboring, productive, and efficient, though not the ruling people. The manufactures of Mexico are said to be very considerable, consisting of cotton, wool, leather, tobacco, gunpowder, &c. ; but as no recent account has been received of them, a description will be omitted. Every reader knows, that those of the precious metals are generally found among mountains ; and that this is the country of silver and gold. The annual produce, in ordinary years, used seldom to fall below $22,000,000 of silver. The gold is found in little straw-like fragments and veins. The richest mine, in its yield of native silver, is Bartopilas in New Biscay. In most of them, the metal is extracted from red, black, muriated and sulphuretted ores of silver. In South America, the chief mines are found on the summits of the Andes, in the regions of perpetual frost and ice. In Mexico, on the contrary, the richest, such as those of Guanaxuato, Zacatecas, Tasco, and Real de Monte, are found between 5,500 and 6,500 feet high. The climate is delightful, and the vicinity abounds with forests, and every facility to work the mines to advantage. A catalogue of the names of 50 mines might easily be given, extending from Santa Fe, at the sources of the Rio del Norte, to the Pacific. Mexico has but few good harbors ; some of the best and most frequented are Vera Cruz and Tampico on the gulf of Mexico ; and Acapulco and San Bias on the Pacific Ocean. Vera Cruz is the port through which most of the com- merce between Mexico and Europe has been carried on. In the tropical regions the year is divided into only two seasons, called the rainy and the dry. The rainy season commences in June or July, and con- tinues about four months, till September or October, when the dry season com- mences and continues about eight months. On the low lands upon the coast, the climate is hot and unhealthy. On the declivity of the Cordillera at the elevation of 4 or 5000 feet, there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, which never varies more than eight or nine degrees. At the elevation of 7000 feet, commences another region, the mean temperature of which is about 60°. Mexico is in this region, and the thermometer there has been known in a few instances to descend below the freezing point. It never rises above 75°. The productions of this country are as various as its climate. In the course of a few hundred miles, you may meet with almost all the fruits of the temper- ate and torrid zones. The soil of the table land is remarkably productive. Maize is far the most important object of agriculture, and in some places, from two to three harvests may be taken annually. Wheat, rye, and barley arc extensively cultivated. GUATIMALA. IGl ) feet above tho and from em- Mexico may bo le of producing n life. Its me- its bowelsf are earth, to form lits, all that the The shores of the bays of Honduras and Cumpeuchy have been long cele- brated for their immense forests of lo<;\vuod and mahogany. A great com- merce is carried on in these articles ; likewise in cocoa and cochineal, which are also products of this country. Here likewise grow those trees which pro- duce the balsams copaiva and tolu. But what most distinguishes this country are its immensely valuable mines of gold, silver, and precious stones. Its silver mines are the richest in the world, and nave for a long time pro- duced annually ten times as much silver as all the mines in Europe. Some of these mines are regarded as curiosities ; and one of them is excavated eight miles in length, and 1640 feet in depth. In 1621, the Spaniards under Cortez subdued Mexico, which was, at that time, under the government of the emperor Montezuma ; and in 1821, the Mexicans declared themselves independent of Spain. jJs. " GUATIMALA, or CENTRAL AMERICA. GuATiMALA consists of a long isthmus, forming the southernmost part of North America, and lying between the Caribbean sea and tho Pacific ocean. It was formerly subject to Spain, but was declared independent in 1821 ; and it has since been named, from its situation, the Republic of Central America. Volcanoes are extremely numerous, and some of them terrific ; no less than ' 20 are in constant activity. The general appearance of the soil is extremely fertile, and Guatimala produces abundantly corn, cochineal, grapes, honey, wax, cotton, fine wool, and dye-woods. The poi)ulation has been estimated at 2,000,000. Length from north-west to south-east, 1000 miles. The settled parts are chiefly along the Pacific ocean, and average about 100 miles in width. The whole of Central America is subdivided into the provinces of Chiapa, Vera Paz, Guatimala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The country is exces- sively mountainous, and volcanoes are numerous. St. Juan is the principal river. The chief towns arc Guatimala, tho capital ; Nicaragua, and Leon. The minerals are gold and silver. st frequented are iCO and San Bias nost of the com- asons, called the ir July, and con- dry season com- 3 upon the coast, Cordillera at the ing temperature, !levationof7000 ich is about 60°. known in a few ibove 75°. 3. In the course ts of the temper- tably productive. 3me places, from , and barley are BRITISH AMERICA. British America is a vast extent of country, comprehending all the north- ern part of the continent, except the Russian possessions in the north-west, and Greenland on the north-east. It comprises Lower Canada, Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns- wick ; the islands of Newfoundland, St. John's, and Cape Breton ; and the vast region of New Britain, or Hudsonia. The government of the whole country is under a governor-general, whose residence is at Quebec ; and each of the provinces has a lieutenant-governor. The established religion is that of the Church of England, and there are two bishops, one residing at Quebec, and the other at Halifax ; but most of the inhabitants of Lower Canada are Catholics. LOWER CANADA.^ ' Lower Canada extends from lat. 45° to 62° N., and from long. 14° E. to 3° 30' W; from Washington ; bounded S. by the United States, W. by Upper • ' V ' It 1 m\ 163 LOWKR CANADA. Canada, N. by the territories of the Hudson Hay (Company, and K. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; reachinj^ uhout TjOO miles from S. to N., and 500 from E. to W., with an area of 120,000 square miles. It is divided into four large dis- tricts, Montreal, 'J'hrtio Rivers, (iuebtM-, and Gaspo. Lower Canada lies on both sides of the St. Lawrence, and is separated from Upper Canada by the Ulatvas. The great river St. Lawrence forms the most striking feature of the country. The other principal rivers are the Sagu(!nai, St. Maurice, Chaudiere, St. Fran- cis, Richelieu or Sorel, and Utawas. The cities arc Quebec and Montreal. The country is intersected by ridges of mountains, with fertile valleys inter- vening ; but the greater part is still covered with forests. The most populous part of Lower Canada consists of a fertile valley, mostly level, through tlio middle of which the St. Lawrence flows. The climate is subject to great ex- tremes of heat and cold. The winters are long and severe : the thermometer sometimes rises, in summer, to 100 degrees, and sinks, in winter, to 40 Ix'low 0. In a state of nature. Lower Canada was covered with an immense forest of very lofty timber, much of which yet remains. The settlements extend along or near the streams, in general where the soil is most fertile, and means of navigation most attainable. In the angle N. from lat. 45° N. to the St. Law- rence river, the soil is generally very productive, and settloinents advancing rapidly. Eastward of this triangle, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the country is hilly, broken, barren, and but very thinly settled. From the Mingan settle- ment, on the north sido of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to a short distance above Qyebec, the left shore of that great stream is rocky and precipitous. This range of h'.lis leaves the river below the mouth of St. Maurice, and extends towards the Utawas, which it intersects about 120 miles above its junction with the St. Lawrence. A very productive body of land is inclosed between this ridge and the respective rivers. Beyond this latter tract, and the margin of the streams, the country to the northward is but very imperfectly known. The population of Lower Canada in 1830 was as" follows : District of Montreal 287,119 « Quebec 151,167 «« Three Rivers 56,279 * " Gaspo 1,003 Total 495,568 Lower Canada is favorably situated for commerce. Some of the principal exports are fur, timber, and potashes. This country was originally settled by the French, and as many as four- fifths of the present inhabitants are descendants of that nation. They live in great simplicity, resembling a European peasantry ; are polite and peaceable, but possessed of little enterprise, and their education is too generally neglected. Their houses are built of stone and plastered ; are made extremely warm by means of stoves; but are seldom of more than one story, except in the towns. The government is in the hands of a governor, lieutenant-governor, execu- tive council, who are appointed by the king, and a house of assembly, who are representatives of the people. The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic ; of this persuasion there is a bishop of Quebec, a coadjutor, with the title of bishop of Salde, nine vicars general, and about 200 curates and missionaries, spread over the different districts of the province. The revenues of the Catholic clergy are derived in part from grants made of land to them under the ancient regime. The spiritual concerns of the Protestants arc under the guidance of the Lord Bishop of Quebec, nine rectors, and a competent number of other clergymen, who are supported in part by annual stipends from the government, and the appropriations of one-seventh of all granted lands. i ni'l'EU CANADA. ' thn country. :^ro, St. Fran- Montreal, valleys inter- lost populous through the t to preat ex- theFmometer o 40 below 0. ?nse forest ui' extend alonf; nd means of the St. Law- its advancing ;, the country lingan scttlc- istance above pitous. This , and extends junction with between this le margin of known. # FALLS or MONT.MOnE.VCI. The Montmorenci falls into the St. Lawirnce seven miles below Quebe<% .The river, just above its junction with the St. Lawrence, after passing through n wM and thickly wooded country, over a bed of barren rocks, with precipi- tous brinks of lime-stone, from 200 to 300 feet in height, rushes down a preci- pice of 240 feet. The cataract is almost per[)endicular ; the deviation being just sufficient to break the water completely into foam and spray. The width of the river, at tb ■ top of the falls, is about GO leet, but the stream dilates in desccndinfi. In its fall the water has the exact appearance of snow, when thrown in heaps from the roof of a house. The effect on the beholder is most delightful. The river at some distance seems suspended in the air, in a sheet of billowy foam ; and contrasted with the black frowning abyss, into which it 'falls, is an object of the highest interest. On a near approach, the impressions of grandeur and sublimity are fmely blended with those of extraordinary beauty. The spray here, as at other similar cataracts, serves as a medium for forming the most beautiful rainbows. In the winter the spray freezes, and forms a regular cone, of sometimes 100 feet in height, standing immediately at the bot- tom of the cataract. the principal lany as four- They live in d peaceable, y neglected. ly warm by n the towns. )rnor, execu- bly, who are Catholic; of tie of bishop aries, spread tholic clergy 3ient regime. of the Lord • clergymen, lent, and the 4 ' t ' * UPPER CANADA. Upper Canada is bounded N. by the territory of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany ; N. E. and E. by Lower Canada ; S. E. and S. by the United States j on the W. and N. W. no limits have been assigned to it. In 1830 it contained the following districts and population : — Gore 23,552 Home 32,871 Western 9,970 ^' ■' ' Niagara 21,974 London 26,180 . '*'"•'' ' Newcastle 16,498 ' ■' •' V Midland. 36,322 " ; ■■■-r'' ■' Ottawa 4,456 :*" Bathurst 20,113 Eastern 11,168 Johnstown 21,961 Total .234,865 These districts are subdivided into counties, and the counties into townships. These townships are laid out principally along the banks of the St. Law- ''li 164 UPPKR CANADA. *«•' M M:''v 1-. 11 tl.'ii- ' ■'» >!i renoe, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake St. (^lair, nnd extend back lb? a distance, varying f'ronj 40 to 50 miles. Tlie soil throughout •«' y - .-iy (.'xcolled by ony portion of North America. In the rear of the t'.w/u.i.ips are largo tracts of land stretching far to the north, covered with inic ■' ' I '.his, anu little known exa^pt to the Indiana ; but it Ims iM'en uscertauuv; tuat ih(!r(! nn> nmny large tracts of rich soil. 'I'he climuto is salubrious. The winter' are shorter and milder than in Lower Canada. The spring opens usually from six weeks to two months earlier than at Quebec. The population of Upp(M' Canada has increased with great rapidity. In 1783, it did not exceed 10,000 souU. In 1814, it was 95,000; and in 1830, 234,865. For the defence of tlio Canadas, a regular military establishment is main- tained by the British government, amounting in common to between 20,000 and 30,000 men. This force is stationed at various points along the great lino of the St. Lawrence. There are ''wo large canals in Upper Canada ; Welland Canal, connecting lakes Erie and Ontario, 41 miles long; and Rideau Canal, connecting laku Ontario with the river Utawas, 160. milds long. The Welland Canal commences near the mouth of Grand river on Lake Erie, 40 miles north-west of Buffalo. It connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario by canal navigation, overcoming all the descent of Niagara Falls and Niagara river between the two lakes. It admits vessels of 125 tons, being wider and deeper than any other canal in the coujitry, except the Delaware and Chesa- peake. The elevation overcome by the locks is 320 feet. The canal required prodigious excavations, in some places through solid stone. The "Ravine Locks" are said to be the most striking canal spectacle to be seen in America, eiimntoof The 'extremes of heat and cold are astonishing; Fahrenheit's ther- theCHnadnnmometcr in the months of July and August, rising to 100°, and yet III genera . j^ ^jnter the mercury genenilly freezes. Changes of weather, how- ever, are less frequent, and the sea,sons more regular than in the United States. Snow not unfrequently begins to fall in October, and increases in November ; in December the clouds are generally dissolved, and the sky assumes a bright liue, continuing for weeks without a single cloud. Here, however, winter is the season for amusement, and the sledges. drawn by one or two horses, afford a speedy and pleasant conveyance in travelling ; but on going abroad, all parts of the body, except the eyes, must be thickly covered with furs. In May the thaw comes on suddenly, and in its progress the ice on the river St. Lawrence bursts with the noise of cannon, and passes towards the ocean with tremendous rapidity and violence. The progress of vegetation is aston- ishing. Spring has scarcely appeared before it is succeeded by summer. In a few days the trees regain their foliage, and the fields are clothed with the richest verdure. September, generally, is one of the most agrceable months. The Canadian horses are mostly small and heavy ; but very brisk on the road, travelling at the rate of 8 or 9 miles an hour. The calash, a sort of one horse chaise, capable of holding two persons and a driver, is the carriage most generally in use. The Canadians have a species of large dogs which are used in drawing burdens. They are yoked into little carts : in this way people frequently go to market. Sometimes they j:)erform long journeys in the winter season, on the snow, by half a dozen or more of these animals yoked into a cariole or sledge. The river St. Lawrence is the only channel, by which the commodities of these two provinces have hitherto found their way to the ocean. The principal exports consist of oak and pine timber, deals, masts, and bowsprits, spars of all denommations, staves, pot and pearl ashes, peltry, wheat, flour, biscuit, Indian corn, piilse, salt provisions, fish, and other miscellaneous articles, which employ VVVFM CANADA. lOH jTrnprally nhont ir»0,0()0 tons dl" slii|t|iiii<4. In roliirn Ptr iIioho nr< ' nnnrtcd, wiivs, rum, Mivjar, nidlasscH, culllr, tobacco, salt, cuul);!, uiul iimuuliicturt'd prtHlucr from (treat Mritaiii. 'I'lic ^ovcriimcnf. <>l* i |i|ht riinnda is iMTministcrrd 1)y n lifutcnnnt-povrrnor, (who is aliiiDst always a military olliccr,) a' IcKisi.itivM CDimfil, an cxcciitivo (•(Mincil, and a hous*- oi' assciiiMy. 'J'lic legislative council consists of not less tfian 7 members, of which the chief justice of the |trovinc(! is president, and wherein the liishd]) ofCiueliec has a seat; the memlx'rs are appointed by man- (lainiis I'roMi the kinjjj, and hold their seats, under certain restrictions, Cor lilb. The executive council is composed ol'O members ; the chief justice is president, and the bishop of tiuelwc likewise has a scat in it. The housf^ of assembly is composed of i!5 rnembers, who aro returned iVom the iiM counti(;s ; the dura- tion of the assembly is limited to 4 years. The civil and criminni law is ad- ministered by a (diief justice; and two puisne jud<,'es. There is n court of king's Ijench, connnon pleas, and a court of appeal. Thu expense of the civil list is defrayed by Great Britain. FAM.rt OF NIAGARA, The Falls of Niagara arc esteemed the grandest object of the kind in the world. Though there are other falls which have a greater perpendicular doscent, yet there is none in the known world where so great a mass of water is precipitated from so great a height. Tlie distance of the falls above Lake Ontario is 14 miles, and below Lake Erie 23 miles on the New York side, and 21 on the Canada side. At the disr tancc of a mile and three-quarters above the falls, the river begins to descend with a rapid and powerful current. At the Tails, it turns with a right angle to the north-east, and is suddenly contracted in M'idth, from three miles to three- fourths of a mile. Below the cataract, the river is only half a mile wide, but its depth is said Vo exceed 300 feet. The descent within 10 miles is about 300 feet, and from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario 334 feet. The agitation and rapid current continue about 8 miles below the cataract, nearly to Queenstown, and the river does not become sufficiently calm to admit of navigation till it reaches that place. Below the falls, it is inclosed in perpendicular banks 300 feet high. The best single view of the cataract is that from Table Rock, on the Canada side ; the best view of the rapids is irom Goat Island, which is con- ' nccted with the eastern shore by a bridge. The precipice over which the river descends, is formed by the brow of a vast bed of lime. The perpendicular descent, according to the measurement of Major Prescot, is l51 feet. The descent is perpendicular, except that rocks are hollowed underneath the surface, particularly on the western side. The cataract is divided into two parts by Goat, or Iris Island, which occupies one- fifth or one-sixth of the whole breadth. The principal channel is on the west- ern side, and is called the Horse-shoe Fall, from its shape. The eastern chan- 160 UPPER CANADA. %" 4 1 m 'W''\: nel is divided by another small island. The descent on the eastern side is stated at 162 feet, being greater than on the western, but the water is more hollow. The quantity ol' water discharged in an hour, is computed at about 100,000,000 tons. " The noise of the falls resembles the hoarse roar of the ocean ; being much graver, or less shrill than that of smaller cataracts. It is not unfrequentiy heard at York, .50 miles distant. When two persoxis stand very near each other, they can mutually hear their ordinary conversation ; when removed to a small distance, they are obliged to halloo, and when removed a little farther, they cannot be heard at all. Every sound is drowned in the tempest of noise made by the water ; and all else in the regions of nature appears to be dumb. The noise is a vast thunder, filling the heavens, shaking the earth, and leaving the mind, although perfectly conscious of saiety and affected with a sense of grandeur only, lost and astonished, swelling' with emotions which engross all its faculties, and mock the power of utterance. A large majestic cloud of vapor rises without intermission from the whole breadth of the river below ; and ascending with a slow solemn progress, partly spreads itself down the stream by an arching and wonderfully magnificent motion ; and partly mounts to heaven, blown into every wild fantastical form ; when separated into smaller clouds, it successively floats away through the atmosphere. This cloud is said to be visible at the distance of 60 or 70 miles. " In the mist produced by all cataracts," observes Dr. Dwight, from whom this account is chiefly extracted, " rainbows are ordinarily seen in proper posi- tions when the sun shines ; always, indeed, unless when the vapor is too rare. Twice, while we werO here, the sun broke through the clouds, and lighted up in a moment the most lucid rainbow that I ever beheld. In each instance tlio phenomenon continued a long time, and left us in perfect leisure to enjoy it^i splendors. It commencea near the precipice, and extended, so far as I was able to judge, at least a mile down the river. In one respect, both these rain- bows differed widely from all others which I had seen. The red, orange, and yellow were so vivid, as to excite in our whole company strong emotions ol' surprise and pleasure, while the green, blue, indigo, and violet, were certainly not more brilliant than those which are usually seen on the bosom of a shower. " The emotiv^ns excited by a view of this stupendous scene, are unutterable. When the spectator casts his eye over the long ranges of ragged cliffs, which form the shores of this great river below the cataract ; cliffs 150 feet in height, bordering it with lonely gloom and grandeur, and shrouded everywhere by shaggy forests ; when he surveys the precipice above, stretching with so great an amplitude, rising to a great height, and presenting at a single view its awful brow, with an impression not a little enhanced by the division which the island form,s between the two great branches of the river ; when he contemplates the enormous mass of water pouring from this astonishing height in sheets so vast, and with a force so amazing ; when, turning his eye to the mighty mass, and listening to the majestic sound which fills the heavens, his mind is overwhelmed by thoughts too great, and by impressions too powerful, to permit the current of the intellect to flow with serenity. The disturbance of his mind resembles that of the waters beneath him. His bosorA swells \vith emotions never before felt ; his thoughts labor in a manner never before ki^own. The pleasure is exquisite, but violent. The conceptions are clear and sirbng, but rapid and tumultuous. The struggle within is discovered by the fixedness of his position, the solemnity of his aspect, and the intense gaze of his eye. When he moves, his motion appear uncontrived. When he is spoken to, he is silent ; or if h*-' speaks, his answers are short, wandering from the subject, and indicating that absence of mind which is the result of laboring contemplation." I "j; 1 Si c h pi gl SI St( ar Sc tit] fro I an( tba 30' uiilr '.X ; ■'" con- gen- Can 1 of a only ceas quic no! the leing much nfrequenUy near each removed lo ittle farther, )est of noise to be dumb. and leaving h a sense of 1 engross all )m the whole jgress, partly I magnificent tastical form ; r through tho Q or 70 miles, t, from whom in proper posi- lor is too rare. A lighted up in h instance tlv' ire to enjoy its far as 1 was oth these rain- id, orange, and ig emotions of were certainly m of a shower, .re unutterable. :d cliffs, which feet in heiglit, everywhere by \a with so great Tview its awful /hich the island ontemplates the \ sheets so vast, ghty mass, and lis overwhelmed nit the current mind resembles pns never before 'he pleasure is ,, but rapid and s of his position, Ivhen he moves, silent; or if be indicating that NEW BRITAIN, NOVA SCOTIA, AND NEW BRUNSWICK. 167 ' . NEW BRUNSWICK. BotiivDET) N.. by Lower Canada; E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence: S. by the Bay of Tundy and Nova Scotia ; and W. by the United States. The principal rivers are the St. Johns, Miramichi and Ristigouchc. The lands on the rivers, especially on the St. John, are very fertile, and the set- tlements lie principally on this river and on the Miramichi. Coal of a superior quality is found on the Grand Lake near St. John's river. The tract of country so prolific in gypsum, comnicnces in this province at Martin's head on the bay of l^'undy, and extends east into Nova Scotia. The chief {irticles of export are lumber, codfish, salmon, and herring. The principal ports are St. John, St. Andrew, Miramichi, and the West Isles. The province is divided into 8 count' <". Fredericton is the capital. St. John is the largest town. Population 80,0vJl>. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in most particulars, are very similar. The face of the country is nehhor mountainous, nor quite level. There are several rivers, among which those" of Annapolis and St. Johns are the most considerable. The soil is, in general, thin and barren, particulariy on the coasts. In some parts there are ery extensive tracts of marsh, which are rich and productive. Both the soil and the cli^.nate are vrnfavorable to the cultivation of grain, and the inhabitants do not raise pro\ ' .lon sufficient for their own con- sumption. The fisheries, however, compensate in some measure for the sterihty of the soil. The coast abounds with cod, salmon, mackerel, haddock, and herring. Their chief exports are fish and lumber. Coal is found in Nova Scotia ; and plaster-of-Paris, particularly at Windsor, from whence large quan- tities are imported into the United States. NOVA SCOTIA. NovA Scotia is a large peninsula, nbout 300 miles long, and is separated from New Brunswick, in part, by the B. of Fundy. The Bay of Fundy is remarkable for its tides, which rise to the height of 30, and sometimes, in the narrowest part, even to 60 feet. The rise is so rapid that cattle feeding on the shore are often overtaken and drowned. The chief towns are Halifax and Annapolis. Population 130,000. It extends from Cape Sable, its most souther;, point, in lat. 43° 23' to 49° 30' N., and from 60° 15' to 67° W. long. NEW BRITAIN. The country lying round Hudson's bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, comprehending Labrador, New North and South Wales, has obtained the general name of New Britain, and is attached lo the government of Lower Canada. That part called Labrador is full of frightful mountains, many of which are of a stupendous height. The valleys present numerous lakes, and produce only a few stunted tn^es. In tho parallel of 60° north latitude, all vegetation ceases. Such is the intenseness of the cold in the •, inter, that brandy and even quicksilver freezes into a solid mass; rocks often burst with a tremendous no! , '^qual to that of the heaviest artillery. At Nain, Ohkak, and Hopedale, the Moravian missionaries have settlements. f 4 i 'it , 'il vn 168 GREENLAND. In New North and South Wales the lace of the country has not quite the same aspect of unconquerable sterility as that of Labrador, and the climate, although in the §ame parallel of latitude, is a little less ritforous. But it is only ■«-» INDIAN VILLAGE. GREENLAND WHICH BELONGS TO DENMARK. the coasts of these immense regions that arc known, the interior having never yet been explored. The natives are called Esquimaux. Some lactones and forts for the purpose of carrying on the liir trade Avith the Indians, are estab- lished by the Hudson's Bay and N''>rth-wcst companies. The trade of the former is confined to thr?- neighborhood of Hudson's bay; that of the latter extends from lake Winnipeg to the Pocky mountains and the Frozen Ocean. The North-west company is composed of Montreal merchants. The usual mode of travelling in this country is in birch bark canoes. With these the inhabitants pass up and down the rivers and lakes", and when they meet with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to another, they get out of the canoe and carry it on their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged in the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry all their goods. The principal rivers are the Mackenzie, Nelson, Saskashawan, Severn, and Albany. The largest lakes are Winnepeg, Athapeskow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear Ltike. % I t( U M h is te m fr( lin sti, th bir anc CUS hav I( rive " the. confl mera and I Sir • rare c produ ofGr whichl Hai stead I Is their s fowl fi in turl I "* 0^ t J fields — and! chief rial foj hottles, Wood id The! r ♦ WIIALK FISHERY. Greenland, a country, bounded E. by the Atlantic, and separated from Labrador on the south-west by Davis' straits. Il is not ascertained whether it is a peninsula or an island, although the recent discoveries in the Polar regions GREENLAND. 169 quite the climale, it is only I* • laving never aclories and IS, are cstab- jdson's bay; tains and the al merchants, mocs. With id when tliev ,ey get out of n engaged in i, Severn, and id Great Bear render it highly probable that it is wholly detached from the continent. It ex- tends as far south as Cape Farewell, in lat. 59° 30' N. Its northern limits are unknown. The eastern coast is commonly called East Greenland, and the western. West Greenland, but the whale fishers call the whole West Green- land, and apply the name East Greenland io Spitzbergen and the adjacent islands. Nothing is known of this extensive country, but its coast. The in- terior is wholly inaccessible, on account of the everlasting ice with which its mountains are covered. The eastern coast also has, for centuries, been cut off from European intercourse, by the vast bodies of ice with which its shores are lined. The severity of the climate forbids the growth of every thing but a few stinted trees and shrubs. The whole population does not exceed 20,000 ; and they are confined to the coast, deriving a miserable subsistence from seals, birds, and fishes ; and are sometimes under the necessity of living on sea-weed and train oil. The natives were formerly Pagans, and addicted to some cruel customs, but through the instrumentality of the Moravian missionaries, they have, to a considerable extent, been converted to Christianity. Icy Peak, an enormous mass of ice, rises near the mouth of a soii and river, and diffuses such a brilliancy through the air, that it is seen at county- the distance of more than 30 miles. The country along the sea shore presents rugged masses of rock interspersed with huge blocks of ice, indicating the conflict of chaos and winter. The interior is covered with a chain of innu- merable mountains, most of which are unexplored. Coal and various minerals and useful and beautiful fossils have been discovered here. Smoke is frequently observed arising from the crevices of marine ice. The rare occurrence of rain, the small quantity of snow, and the intense degree of cold produced by the north-east wind, lead us to suppose that the north-east parts of Greenland constitute a great Archipelago, encumbered with perpetual ice which for many centuries has been piled together by the winds and currents. Hares, reindeer, white bears, foxes, and large dogs, that howl in- stead of barking, and are employed by the Greenlanders in drawing their sledges, comprise the animals of this country. Immense flocks of sea fowl frequent the rivers and shores. The rivers abound in salmon and the seas in turbots and herrings. It is a curious fact, that those animals, whose blood is of the temperature of the sea, are found in greatest numbers under these icy fields and mountains. The inhabitants of North Greenland pursue the whale — and those of South Greenland the seal. The flesh of the animals is their I chief food. The skins of the seals serve them for clothing, and as the mate- i rial for their boats. Their tendons are used for thread, their bladders as i bottles, their lat sometimes as butter, and at other times as tallow, and their blood is considered by the Greenlander the richest broth. The exports are in value from 50 to 100,000 rix-doUars. 5 : ■ !! W I separated from lined whether It \e Polar regions 170 RAIL-ROAD, ENGINE, AND CARRIAGES. .V Ut\rt ■%' ■% I III iH'Si''^! t. f% iW It , ■ 1 >. '1 4 ■I 1 ! V' % hi r u I « A^ land ( is sit Creel >5 the Si Creeii adelpl Lat. < tlierar AB dletoii SE., a: 31 m. ficies ( J, agreea considi watere ABf S.C.; contair a magf! ABI York, ABI Hartfoi bury C lisiied was bi been rt ABI Va.; 3: Lat. 36 > contain an acac is a rer ABI Boston, Pop. 2,^ three C ABI] 254 in. ABI] Philade ABS, ACA the coa; of the f taming The pri with Mi which i large ve Acapulc « very bi of cocoa GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OP NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. AAR— ADA -#• AARONSBURG, village of Northumber- land CO. Pa. containing about 50 dwellings. It is situated a little more than a m. E. of Elk Creek, which unites witii Penn's, and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below Sunbury. AARONSBURG, t. Centre co. Pa. near Elk Creek; 40 WNW. Sunbury, 160 WNW. Phil- adelphia, from W. 204 m. Long. 77° 33' W. Lat. 40° 53' N. It contains a German Lu- theran and a Calvinist church. ABBEVILLE, district of S. C. having Pen- dieton district NW., Laurens NE., Edgefield SE., and the Savannah rivjr SW. It is about 31 m. in length and breadth, having a super- ficies of about 1000 sq. ms. The surface is agreeably variegated with liiil an.l dale, and a considerable part of the soil is ncli and wcli watered. Pop. 28,134. ABBEVILLE, t. and cap. Abbevilio district, S.C, ; 120 W. Columbia, from W. fi24 ni. It contains a court-house, a jail, tn arsenal, and a magazine. ABBOTSTOWN, t York co. Pa.; i8 S. York, from W. 86 m. ABINGDON, t. Hartford co.Md.; 1 WSW. oil, and Spanish wool. The yalue of the pre- cious metals, exported in a single vessel, in- eluding what is not registered, amounted in general to about i;200,000. ACADIA, district. La. between lake Maure* pas and the Mississippi. Pop. 3,055. ACCOMAC, CO. Va. ; bounded N. by Mary- land, E. by the A tlantic, S. by Northampton co. and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 19,656; Slaves, 4,654. Chief town, Drummondtowu. ACCUSHNET, r. Mass, which flows into New Bedford harbor. ACHORSTOWN, t. Columbiana co. Ohio; from W. 297 m. ACQUASCO, V. Prince George's co. Md.; from W. 38 m. ACTON, t. Windham co. Vt ; 33 SSW. Windsor. Pop. 245. ACTON, t. Middlesex co.Mass.; 24 NW. i Boston, from W; 458 m. Pop. 885. I ACWORTH, t. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 6 ESE, I Charleston, 72 WNW. Portsmouth, from W. 466 m. Pop. 1,523. ADAIR, CO. Ky. having Barren co. W. Greene VW. Casey NE. Wayne and Pulaski, Hartford, 26 NE. Baltimore. Pop. 300. Cokes- or Cumberland r. and Wolfe r SE. and Cum- bury College, a Methodist seminary, was estab- 1 l)er]aud co. S. Adair co. has a mean length lished in this town in 1765, but the building i and breadth of r.bout 28 m. area 800 sq. ms. was burnt several years since, and has t.otjtlie face of the country broken and the soil been rebuilt. ABINGDON, t and cap. Washington co. Va.; 320 W:-V/. Richmond, from W. 404 m. Lat. 36° 37 N. It is a considerable town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, and a Presbyterian church. Here is a remarkable cave. ABINGTON, t Plymouth co. Mass.; IB S. Boston, 20 NW. Plymouth, xV ■ W. 452 m. Pop. 2,423. It is a pleasant tc iv/?. nd contains tliree Congregational meetirif-Iiopses. ABINGTON, t. Luzerne co. Ph. ; from W. 254 m. ABINGTON, t. Montgomery co. Pa , 11 N. Philadelphia. Pep. 1,236. ABSECOMBE, v. Gloucester co. N.J. ACAPULCO, or IjOS Rages, t. Mexico, on the coast of t\e Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest in the world, and capable of con- taining any number of vessels in perfect sal 'y The principal trade of Acapulco was fbimerly with Manilla, one of the Philippine islanr , t>-> which it for a long period sent out annually a large vessel, called a galleon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla generally consisted ofsilver, « very small quantity of cochineal fromOaxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil and Caraccas, wine, divLi-sified. Chief town, Columbia. ADAMS, t. Coos CO. N. II. ; E. of the White uiountains : 90 N. Portsmouth. Pop. 244. ADAMS, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 29 N, Lenox, 120 WNW. Boston, from W. 402 m. Pop. ],7'i3. It is a valuable township, and ha» 2 post villages 5 or 6 miles apart, each con- taining a mccting-house ; the north village con- tains also 2 cotton manufactories ; and there are likewise 2 cotton manufactories near the S. village. There is bes:Jes a Quaker meeting, house in the town. This plnce is remarkable for a deep excavation, 40 rods in length, and, in some places, 60 feet deep, formed by Hud- son's brook, in a quarry of white marble. A natural bridge 14 feet long, 10 feet broad, and 62 feet high is formed over this channel by the projection of rocks. ADAMS, CO. Pa. having Fre-ierick co. Md. S. Franklin co. Pa. W. Cumberland NW. and NE. and E. It is about 20 ms. in length, "nd 18 wide ; area 360 sq. ms. Chief town, C ut. tysburg. The surface of this county is ex tremely diversified with hill and dale. The soil ia also of the different qualities from tha worst to the best. The whole co. is well wo- tered. Pop. 1820. 19,681 ; in 1830, 21,379. tf: ^i,vhi nm 172 ADA— ALB m '■'''■■ 1 r'^ |:;-:1 ADAMS, t. Darke co. Ohia Pop. 343. ADAMS, CO. in the western part of Illinois. Chief town, Quincy. Pop. 2,186. ADAMS, V. Dauphin co. Pa. ADAMS, t Hyde co. N. C NE. 150 m. from Rairigh. ADAMS, t. Washington co. Ohio, E. of Mus- kinguin river. Poii. 1810, (320 ; in ] 820, 324. ADAMS, t. of Wasliington co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 174. ADAMS, CO. Ohio, having Brown W. High- land and Pike N. Sciota E. and the Oiiio river S. This CO. is about 20 ms. sq., area about 400 sq. nis. the surface much broken, the soil in general fertile and well watered. Chief town, West Union. Pop. in 1820, 10,432 ; in 1830, 12,278. ADAMS, CO. Mis. bounded W. by the Mis- sissippi river, S. by Wilkinson co. E. by Frank, lin, and N. by Jefferson ; length 40 ni., mean width about 15 ; area 600 sq. ms. The face of tlii" CO. is diversified by hill and dale. Fruits, p;.:iches, some apples, and abundance of figs. Chief towns, Natchez and Wasliington. Pop. in 1820, 12,073, in 1830, 14,919. ADAMSBURG, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. 145 m. W. fi-om Harrisburg. ADAMSVILLE, v. Washington co. N. Y. 57 m. N. from Albany. ADAMSVILLE, v. Marlborough district, S. C by post-road. 106 ra. NE. from Colui.ibi,i. ADDISON, t. of Washington co. Mi-me, W. 16 m. from Machias. Pof \v l&'; 519 ; in 1830, 741. A DDISON, ca Vermont, having lake Cham- plain W., Chittenden N., Washington and Or- water; and from the mouth of tlieCahawba to the forks of the VxtoBa. and TiJlapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest places. It is navigable for f oops to Fort Claibfjrne. ALABASTER, or Eleuthera, one of the Ba- hama islands, on the great Bahama bank. Tlie climate is healthy. It produces pinc-applcn tor exiwrtntion. Tlicre is a small fort and g.irri- son on tlie island. Long. 76^ 22' to 763 5(j' \y Lat. 24 > 41)' to 26^ 30' N. ALACHUA SAVANNAH, in E. Florida, 75 m. W. from St Augustine, 50 m. in circum- ference, without a tree or bush, but is encircled with hills, covered with forests and orange groves, on a very rich soil. The ancient Ala. chua Indian town stood on the borders of this savannah ; but the Indians removed to Cusco- willa, two miles distant, on account of the uii- healthiness of the former site. ALACRANES, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals, and banks, on the S. side of the gulf of Mexico, opijosite the coast of YucaUn, E. from Stone Bonk, and W. from Ca\te St. An. tonio. N. hit i3^ between 89° and 9P W, long. Navigators pass round them, thoug'i tliere are &ome good channels and soundings, ALBANY, t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NV . from Parin. Pop. 288. ALBANY, t Orleans co. Vt. 40 m. NIJE. from Montpclier. ALBANY, CO. N. Y. on Hudson r. Poi. 53,560. Chief town, Albany. ALBANY, city, Albany co. the capital of New York, and tiie second town in population, wealth and connncrce in the state, stands on the W. bank of the Hudson, 150 m. N. of New ange E., and Rutl^Jid S. Mean length 25 m.l York, 165 W. of Boston, 230 S. of Montreal, mean breadth 20; area about 500 sq. ms. j and 376 from W. N. lat. 42= 39'. E. long.S- Though not mountainous, it is finely varicga- j 17' from W. Most of the" ancient Dutch build- ted by hill and dale. Otter river flows througii I ings, which formerly gave it such a grotesque this CO. and by its numerms branches affords jaspeci, have disappeared. It is now neatly much fine land and excfilentmill scats. Chief and in some parts handsomely built. It con- Pop. m m. S. towns, Verjrennes an('. Middleburg. 1820, 20,620 ; in 1830, 24,940. ADDISON, 1. Steuben co. N. Y. 15 from Bath. Top. 944. ADELPTH, t Ross co. Ohio, about 20 m. NE. from. (Jhillicothe, from W. 392 ms. AG AW AM, r. Mass. which runs into the sea at 'A'^areham. i* GAW AM, V. in the tovmsJiip of W. Sprmg- fie'd, Hampden co. Mass. r.ear the entrance of tains 10 public buildings. The capital, built upon the upper portion of *he citj', has an ele- vatcd position. It Is 115 feet in length, and 90 in breadth. The academy, directly north of it, is a spacious zv.d showy building. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank tnd the Alba- ny Bank, at tlit bottom of State street, are of white marble. The Museiun is a handsome building in South Market street. State jtrcct, in its whole length, is remarkably wide, and Westfield river into the Connecticut, 2 m. SW.| shows to great advantage. The number of from Springfield ; from W, .')66 m. AGAWAM, the name o*" Westficld river towards its mouth. AHPMOOJEENE-GAMOOK lake, Mahie, 20 ms. N. from Moosehead lake. AIR, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1.173. AKANSAS, see page 155. ALABAMA, state, see page 112. ALABAMA, t Monroe co. Alabama, on Al- abama river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson- ALABAMA, r. in the state of Alabama, is formed by the union of the Coosa and Talla- poosa, and flowing SSW. unites witli the Tom- bigbec to form Mobile river, 45 m, from tlie head of Mobile Bay. From its mouth to the mouth of the Cahawba, 210 m. it has 4 or 5 feet churches is 16, of which 6 are of stone, 7 of brick, and 3 of wood. Three of Ihem are very handsome, and others are poacious. Canal wharf and quay are of great length, and ex.- hibit a striking show of business and bust'c. Few cities present a more beautiful prospect than Albany, when seen from the public square, or the summit of the capital. The city slopes from the public square to the river, like the sides o^^an amphitheatre. Two or three of its noblfi mansions embowered in trees, give it the appearance cf having forests in its limits. Sloops and sleixmboats arrive here from New York in gieat numbers, and there is seldom a day in 'yvhich three or four passages do not of- fer, in steamboats departing to and from New ** '»! 1 k ALB— ALE 173 t. 40 m. NNE. [udson r. Poj. . the capital of 'n in population, state, stands on )0 m. N. ot" New S. of Montreal, 39'. E. long-. 3= ;nt Dutch build. uch a grotesque is now neatly built. It con. le ca|>ital, built city, has aii cle- in length, and directly north building. The und the Alba- te street, are of is a handsome State 'Jtrcct, ably wide, and 'he number of of stone, 7 of [■ Ihem are very )acious. Canal ength, and ex- ess and bust'e. utiful prospect le public square, The city slopes river, fike the o or three of its trees, give it the in its limits, here trom New jere is seldom a nagcs do not of- and from New York. Its canal communications with lakel Champlain, the northern lakes, and the Ohio I valley give it unrivalled advantages of this sort. More stages daily arrive and depart from this city, than any other of the size in the Union, being more than 100 daily. Its literary, hu- mane, and 1 eligious institutions are of a very respectable, class, and it issues 6 or 7 periodi- cal publications. Its population in 1820 was 12,630 ; in 1830, 24,216, having nearly doubled its population in ten years. A more emphatic ALBANY AND illustration of the tendency of the canal system could not be given. There are in the city 3 flour mills, 2 woollen manufactories, 2 da cot- ton and woollen, 1 distillery, 5 breweries, man- ufactories of oil-cloths, and a very extensive cap manufactory which employs 20(' males and 4,")0 females and pays $1,800 in .. cekly wages. The business transacted in this estab- lishment amounts to several hundred thousand I dollars a year. There is a rail-road from Al- 'bany to Sclienectady, length 14 miles. ITS ENVIRONS. (a) United States arsenal. — (b) (e) Deep Cut ALBANY, t, Berks co. Pa. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 995. ALBANY, r. North America, which falls into James' bay, long. 84° 30' W. lat. SF 30' N. runs NE. through a chain of small lakes, from the S. end of Winnipeg lake. The Brit- ish fort is on the river, in lat. 53° 10' N. ALBANY, New, t. Clarke eo. In. ; from W. 642 m. ; a little below Clarksville. ALBEMARIiE, co. central part of Va.; bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Louisa and Fluvanna cos. SE. by James r. SW. by Am- herst CO. and W. by Augusta and Rockingham cos. Chief town, Charlottesville. Pop. 22,618; slaves 11,689. ALBEM ARLE-SOUND, inlet of the sea, on E. coast of N. C. It extends into the country 60 m. and is from 4 to 15 wide. It receives the waters of the Roanoke and the Chowan. Lat. 35^ .')2' N. ALBERTSON'S, v. Duplin co. N.C. ALBION, t and cap. of Edwards co. Illinois, 40 m. SW. Kom Vincennes. It stands on the dividing ridge between .' e Great unci Lit«! Wabash rivers, 12 m. from the former and 6 fmm the latter, in a dry and healthy »iti. ..tion, while it is well suppiied with spring of water. Distance from W . 733 m. ALBION, V. F-dwards co. Illinois. Aqueduct. — (c) Fort's Ferry. — (d) Vischer's Ferry.- ALBURG, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on N. end of the island of North Hero, in lake Champlain ; 40 m. N. from Burlington, from W. 5.55 m. It is a port of entry. Fop. 1,239. AliDIE, V. lioudon co. Va. ; from W. 35 m. ALEXANDER, t. Athens co. Ohio. Fop. 765. ALEXANDER, t Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. from Batavia. ALEXANDER, co. Illinois, at the angle be- tween Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Chief town, America. Pop. 1,390. ALEXANDERS, v. York district, S. C; from W. 441 m. ALEXANDERVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami r. 7 m. below Dayton. ALEXANDRIA, t. Grafton eo. N. H. 13 m. SSE. from Plymouth. Fop. 1,083. ALEXANDRIA, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on *he Delaware ; 15 m. SE. from Easton. ALEXANDRIA, t. Huntingdon co. Fa.; 8 m. from Huntingdon, 192 m. WNW. from Philndelphin, from W. 162 m. AI.KXANDRLV, t. in the parish of Rapide, Loviisuma, on Red River, 120 m. from its mouth, 70 from Natchitoches, and about 100 from Natchez, St Francisville, and Point Cou- pee ; about 130 m. in n direct line, and 344 by water, WNW. ftom New Orleans, from W ( \h ' n •!j::#'' '■ 174 ALE— ALL w- 1 1;'^' ,i' ;.^(ir ' i 't li*. li ■ 'I 1246 m. Lat. 31° 15' N. It i» situated in a fertile vnlley, at the point of intcrBcetion of all the great roads of the wcstci \ district of Lou- isiana. It is settled almost wholly by Anieri cans, and is a pliicc of inercasing importance. ALEXANDRIA, New, t Westaiorclujid co. "a. ; from W. 201 m. ALEXANDlilA, co. District of Columbia. Pop. 9,G08 ; chief town, Alexandria. ALEXANDRIA, city, and port of entry, in the District of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Potomac, fi ni. S. of Washington. The pub- lic buildings are a court-house, and 6 churches, viz. 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Roman Catholics. It has a commodious iiarbor, sufficiently deep for the largest ships. The streets are regular and squares rectangular. The progress of this neat and ancient town has bc^n for a long time al- most stationary. It is exf«ected that the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, with whicli it is con- nected, will communicate to it a new impulse of prosperity. Pop. in 1820, 8,216 ; in 1830, 8,221. ALEXANDRIA, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 ni. N. of Machias. ALEXANDRIA, t. Campbell co. Ky. ALEXANDRIA, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of tlir Scioto, which, separates it from Portsmouth, 45 m. S. from Chillicothe. ALEXANDRIANA, t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 157 m. SW. from Raleigh. ALFORD, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 15 m. SvSW. from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston. Pop. 512. ALFORDSVILLE, v. Robeson co. N.C.; from W. 387 m. ALFORDSTOWN, t. and cap. Moore co. N.C. about 30 m. WNW. from Fayetteville. ALFRED, t. Prescott co. U.C. on Ottawa r. i^.LFRED, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 m. SE. from Angelica. Pop. 1,701. ALFRED, t York co. Maine; 24 m. N. from York-, 88 N. by E. from Boston, 86 from Au- gusta, and 513 from W. Pop. 1,453. It con- tains a court-house, a jail, and a Congrega- tional meeting-house. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at York. There is in the township a village of Shakers. ALFRED, t Alleghany co. N. Y. ; 10 m. SE. from Angelica. Pop. 273. ALLAN'S CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into the Genesee, in Caledonia. Length 40 m. ALLEGHANY, co. SW. part of N. Y. ; bounded N. by Genesee and Ontario cos., E. by Steuben ca, S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Catnraugus co. Pop. 26,218. Chief town, Angelioa. ALLEGHANY, co. W. part of Pa. bound- ed N. by Butler oo., E. by Westmoreland co., S. and SW. by Washington co., and NW. by Beaver co. Pop. 37,984. Chief town, Pitts- burg. ALLEliHANY, t. Cambria co. Pa. W. from Harrisourg. Pop. 947. ALLEGHANY, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. W. from Harrisburg. Fop. 773. AIXEGHANY, t. Venanffo co. Pa. N. W. from Harrisburg. Pop. 671. ALLEGHANY, t. Armstrong co. Pa. W. from Harrisburg. Pop. 1,413. ALLEGHANY, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,388. ALLEGHANY t Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 372. ALLEGHANY, co. Md. Uie NW. end of the state, on Potomac river. Chief town, Cumberland. Pop. li ,602. ALLEGHANY, i.iountains, U. S. com- mence in the N. part of Georgia, and running NE. nearly parallel with the coast of the At- lantic ocean, at the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, to New York. They divide the waters which flow into the Atlantic from those which flow into the Mississippi. ALLEGHANY, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs first NW. into New York, and then by a bend to the SW. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pittsburg unites with the Monongahela to form the Oliio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for keel-boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. ALLEMAND, r. which fulls into the IMis- sissippi, from the SE. 43 m. S. from Natchez. ALLEN'S FERRY, v. Harrison co. Indi. ana. ALLEN'S FRESH, v. Charles co. Md. 43 m. S. from Washington, on Wicomico river. ALLENS, t. Cumberland co. Pa. near Har- risburg. Pop. 2,995. ALLEN, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,847. ALLEN, CO. Kentucky; having Ten. S. Warren, SW. NW. and N. and Barren E. Its form is elliptical, extending over about 500 sq. ms. Chief town, Scottsville. Pop. 6,486. ALLEN, CO. Ohio, having Mercer and Vanvert W., Putnam N., Hardin E. and Lo- gan and Shelby S. It extends about 23 m. from N. to S. with a width of 22 m. from E. to W. area 500 sq. ms. Pop. 578. ALLENSTOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. SE. from Concord, and 25 NW. from liiXctcr* ALLENSTOWN, t. MonmouUi co. N. J. 11 m. E. from Trenton. ALLENTOWN, L and cap. Lehigh co. Pa. on Lehigh river. 52 m. NNW. from Phila- delphia, 18 m. SW. from Easton, and 6 m. from Bethlehem. It it beautifully situated on an elevation in the midst of a well cultivated pleasant country. It contains, besides the county buildings, a bank, printing office, several dry goods stores, and a number of merchant mills. The principal staple, flour. Distance from Washington 178 ms. ALLENSVILLE, v. Mifflin co. Pa. ALLENSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ten. ALLENTOWN, v. Montgomery co. (N. C.) S. W. from Raleigh. ALLEY, t. Queens co. N. Y. ALLOW AY CREEK, t Salem co. N. J. ALLOWAY, /. Salem co. N. J. runs into the Delaware. I ALL— AMI! 175 0. Pa. N. W. r CO. Pa. W. land CO. Pa. !o. Pa. Pop. NW. end of Chief town, U. S. com- and running ist of the At- iU miles, pass Maryland, They divide \tlantic from !ippi. 'cnnsylvania, York, and apain enters unites with iiio. It is a keel.boat8 of e Pittsburg', into tlic Mis- f)m Natchez, son CO. Indi- s 00. Md. 43 )niico river, 'a. near Har- 1. Pop. 1,847. ixig Ten. S. 1 Barren E. r over about tsville. Pop. Mercer and I E. and Lo- about 23 m. ! m. from E. am CO. N. H. 5 NW. from til CO. N. J. shigh CO. Pa. from Phila- n, and 6 m. / situated on ell cultivated besides the Giting' office, number of staple, flour. 16. .Pa. o. Ten. ery co. (N. 1 CO. N. J. J. runs into r^ ALL-SAINTS, islands near Guadaluupe, in the W. Indies. ALL-SAINTS, parish, Georgetown district, a C. ALLUVIAL.WAY, or Ridge-Road, ridge, lying along the S. shore of lake Ontario, at the distance of from 6 to 10 m. Its general width is from 4 to 8 rods, and it is raised in the middle with a handsome crowning arch, from 6 to 10 leet. A road is opened upon it from I.ewiston to Genesee river, a distance of 87 miles. It is a grand work of nature, and esteemed a great curiosity. ALNA, t Lincoln co. Maine; 10 m. N. of Wiscasset, 190 m. from Boston. ALSACE, t. Berks co. Pa. ALSACE, t. Berks co. Pa. on E. side of the Schuylkill. Pop. 1,275. ALSTEAD, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 8 m. NBL from Walpole, 14 m. N. from Keene, 82 m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 460 ni. from Washington. Pop. 1,694. It is a valuable ag- ricultural town, and contains a paper>mill, an oil-mill, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and one for Baptists. ALSTON, t N. C. on Little river, not far from the sea; 20 m. W. from Brunswick. Lon. 78= 35' W. Lat. 33= 54' N. ALTAMAHA, navigable river, Georgia, formed by the junction of the Oakmulgee and Oconee. After the junction, the Alta- malia becomes a large river, flowing with a gentle current through forests and plains upwards of 100 miles, and runs into St. Simon's sound by several mouths, 60 m. SW. from Savannah. Its length to its source is about 500 m. ALTAMAHA, t. Georgia, at the union of the Oconee and Oakmulgee. Lon. 83. W. Lat. 33. 54. N. ALTON, t. Strafford co. N. H.; S. from lake Winnipiseogee ; 33 m. NW. from Ports- mouth. Pop. 1,279. ALTON, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, 3 miles above the mouth of the Missouri. It is recently established, and regularly laid out Near it there is a coal mine. ALUM CREEK, r. Ohio. It is the west- erly branch of the Big Walnut, which, after a course of about 35 miles, it joins in SE. part of Franklin co. AMAPALLA, t Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point of land running into the Pacific, 12 m. from San Miguel. AMAPALLA, large gulf on the W. coast of America, between Guatimala and Nicara- gua; nearly 60 m. in length, and from 9 to 30 m. in breadtl; ; also called the Gulf of Fon- seca. 100 m. NW. ftom Leon. Lon. 88° 56' W. Lat. 13° 30' N. AMANDA, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 836. AMBER, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; 5 m. from Otis, 393 m. from Washington. AMBOY, or Pertk Amboy, city, and s-p. Middlesex co. N. J., at the head of Raritan bay, on a point of land formed by the union of the river Raritan with Arthur Kull Sound ; 35 m. SW. from New York, 74 m. NE. from Philadelphia, 210 m. from Washington. Lat. 40° 30'. It has one of the best harbors on the continent. AMBOY SOUTH, t. Middlesex co. N. J. at the mouth of Raritan river, opposite Perth Amboy. AMELIA, CO. Va. in the SE. part of the state. Pop. 11,031, of whom 7,.')18 are slaves. The C. H. is 47 rn. from Richmond, and 169 from Washington. AMELIA, i.il. in the Atlantic, on the coast of E. Florida, 7 leagues N. from St. Augus- tine, at the mouth of St. Mary's river. Lat. 30= 28' N. It is 13 m. long and 2 broad. Chief town, Fornandina. AMELIASBURG, t. Prince Edwards co. Upper Canada, on the bay of Quinti, SW- from Kingston. AMENIA, t. Dutchess co. N. Y, 24 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. Here is a marble quarry. Pop. 2,389. AMERICA, t. and cap. Alexander co. Illi- nois, on the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction with the Mississippi. AMES, v. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Athens. AMESBURY, t. in Essex co. Mass., about 4 m. from Newburyport, and 50 m. NE. from Boston. It is a flourishing place, being situ- ated on a navigable river. Pop. 2,445. AMHERST, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. NE. from Northampton, 85 W. from Boston. In 1821, a college was established here. It is now in a flourishing condition ; it has 7 pro- fessors, 3 tutors, and 200 students. The an- nual expenses of a student arc from 90 to 118 dollars, including college bills and board. AMHERS"!' ISLAND, small isl. in E. end of lake Ontario. AMHERST, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 30 m. S. from Concord, 48 m. NW. from Boston, 60 m. W. from Portsmouth, and 484 m. from Washington. Lat 42° 54' N. Pop. 1,657. In the central part of Amherst there is a pleasant plain on which a handsome village is built, containing a court-house, a jail, a Con- gregational meeting-house, a printing-office, cotton and woolbn manufactories, valuable mills, &,c. The Souhegan flows through the southern part of the town. The courts for the county are held alternately hero and at Hopkinton. AMHERST, CO. of Va. having the Blue Ridge, or Rockbridge, NW., Nelson NE., James river, or Buckingham and Campbell, SE., James river, or Bedford, SW. Pop. 12,072, of whom 5,927 are slaves. The C. H. is 136 m. from Richmond, and 18C from Washington. AMHERST SPRINGS, v. Amherst co. Va. 124 m. W. from Richmond. AMHERSTBURG, or Maiden, t. and cap. Essex CO. Upper Canada, on Detroit r. 3 m. above its entrance into lake Erie, and 14 be- low Detroit. It has about 150 houses, and a good harbor, with anchorage in 3J fathoms. AMHERST, t Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, on Chignecto bay, at the entrance of the rivers La Planch, Napan, and Macon. 176 AMI— AND 86 ni, IV [(: 1 "rif'i'f • 1 j" Ciiief AMISaVH-LE, v.riil|)C|)er co. Va. W. from Wushington. AMITE, cii. MiHHiBfiippi,on Amite r. town. Liberty. Pop. 7,'>43. AMITK, r. MiHHiasippi, run* into the Iber- ville 40 m. above its entrance into lake Muu- repas. It i8 navig^able for boats nearly to its Hource* AMITY, V. Oranjro co. N. Y. AMITY, V. WuBhington co. Pa. AMITY, t. BerkB co. Pa. AMMONOOSUC, {Lower,) r. N. H. which rises in the White Mountains, and runs into the Connecticut, in Bath. Length about 50 miles. AMMONOOStTC, (Upper,) r. N. H. which runs into the Connecticut, in Ivorthuraber- land. Length 50 miles, AMOSKEAG falls, on the Merrimack, in N. H. ; 7 miles below Houksct Falls and 15 below Ck)ncord, between (iotfstown and Manchester. The water falls 48 feet in the course of half a mile. These falls are shunned by a canal. AMSTERDAM, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk ; 30 m. NW. from Albany, and 392 m. from Washington. Pop. 3,354. This town contains valuable mills and manufactures of iron. AM WELL, t. Hunterdon co. N. J.; E. the Delaware; 34 NNE. from Philadelphia. Pop. of the township, 5,777. Here is an academy. AMWELL, t. Washington co. Pa.; SE. from Washington. Pop. i,t)73. ANCRAM, t. Ck)lumbia co. N. Y., on An- cram creek, about 20 m. SE. from Hudson. Here are extensive iron vorks, at which are made large quantities of excellent iron. The ore is principally obtained from Salisbury in C^inni'cticut. A l^ad minr is also found here. ANCRAM CREEK, r, Columbia co. N. Y. which runs into the Hudson, opposite Catskill. ANASTASIA, isl. »,ff the E. coast of Florida, opposite the city of St. Augustine. It is about 25 miles long, and u separated from the main land by an arm of the sea called Matanzas river. It contains quarries of freestone. Lon. 81° 36' W. lat. 29° 49' N. ANCASTER, t. Lmcoln co. Upper Canada, SW. York. ANCHOR POINT, NW. const of Amer- ica, on the E. side of Cooke's inlet. Lou 208° 48' E. Lat. 59° 39' N. ANCOCUS CREEK, N. J. falls into t!ie Delaware, 6 m. SW. Burlington. It is navi- gable 16 miles. ANDALUSIA, t. Bucks co. Pa. Jj6 m. from Harrisburg. ANDERSON, v. Sussex co. N. J. ANDERSON, co. East Tennessee, on Clinch r. NW. Knoxville. Chief town, Clin- ton. Pop. 4,668. Slaves, 349. Engaged in agriculture, 1,310 ; in commerce, 4. ANDERSON, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 2122. 'ANDERSON'S ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 167° 40' W. Lat. 63° 10' N. A.^DERSON'S-' TOr.E, Caswell co. N. C. 56 111. NW. Rulei^;i. ANDERSON'S, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio I ^low Troy. ANDERSO>fviLLE, v. Bklgefield district, S.C. ANDERSONVILLE, v. Hancock co. Mis- sissippi. AN DOVER, t. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 368. ANDOVER, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 18 m r«Vl'. from Concord. Pop. 1,642. It contain'? ^ printing-press, several mills and mauu ictures. In 181H, a legacy of $10,000 was bequeathed by Mr. Joseph Noyes for the establishment of an academy in this town. ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 957. ANIXiVER, t. Sussex co. New York, 30 m. N. from Trenton, 40 m. WNW. from New York. ANDOVER, t. Essex co. Mass. 20 m. N. from Boston ; 16 WNW. from Salem ; and 20 W. from Newburyport. Pop. 4,540. It is an opulent agri- cultural town, and contains two large parishes. The south parish has a number of nianiifac- turi.ig establishments. The theological semi- nary in this place is richly endowed. Its buildings comprise four dwelling houses for the officers, and three spacious public edifices. The library contains over 5,000 volumes, anu there are four theological professors. The number of students langcs from 120 to 150. Phillips' Academy in this town is the most flourishing academy in the state. It was founded in 1778, by the Hon. Samuel Phillips, Esq. of Andover, and his brother, the Hon. John Phillips, LL. D. of Exeter. Its officers are a principal, 3 assistants, a teacher of sacred music, and a writing master. The number of students ranges from 120 to 150. The institution is accommodated with a large and commodious brick building, 80 feet by 40, erected in 1818, on a range with the buildings of the theological seminary. The theological seminary was founded in 1808, and has been richly endowed, entirely by private bounty. The whole amount of what has been con- tributed for permanent use in this seminary, including the permanent funds, library and public buildings, is more than three hundred and Jifty thousand dollars, and this has been contributed almost entirely from six families. The buildings are on a lofty eminence, and command an extensive prospect A majority of the students are supported in whole or in part by charity. The academy and the the- ological seminary are under the same board of trustees. ANDOVER, t. Tolland co. Connecticut, 15 m. E. from Hartford. ANDOVER, t. Sussex co. N. J.; 10 m. S. from Newton, 18 NW. from Morristown. It is famous f its iron works. ANDOVER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 21 m. from Concord. Pop. 1324. ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt. 68 m. S. Montpelier. Pop. 975. :^ N. w. AND— ANT 177 ANDOVETJ, t. Allejyhany ro. N. V. an:, m. W. Albany, roji. rm. ANlM)VEtt, t. Aahtabula co. Ohio, 200 in. NK. of Columbtid. ANDREWS, St,, R donport town of Niw IiDinttwiok, at tliu untrnnre of ruaHarniuiuoddy river. ANDREWS-HFlIDCifJ, v. Lancantor co. Fa. [h III, SE. HRrriHhiirp. ANDR()SC(HJ{iIN, ar Amfrmmrgin, r. wliicli risen from lliiibn('0(r Lalte, N. li. It has a coursti of almut 40 m. in N. 11. and after a course of about 100 in. in S\V. part of Maine, Hows irto the Kcnnebiiek, whicli it joiiiH 18 m. from tho sea, at Mcrrymettinff Hay, (i ni. above Bath. ANDUOSCOCilGIN, LMp, r. Maine, which flows into tlio Anciroscogjrin N. of Poland. ANGELICA, t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y. ; E. of the Genesee ; 40 W. Bath, SH:) VV. Albany, VV. 337. Pop. !)!)8. ANGOLA, V. Eric co. N. Y. 291 m. W. Allmny. ANGUILLA, or Snake Island, the most nortiierly of the English Leeward Islands in the VV'eNt Indies. It is 30 m. long and 3 broad, winding somewliat in the manner of a snake, and is 00 in. NVV. of St. Cliristoplicr. Long. fi2J 3.V W. lat. 180 1.5' n. q^^ ofti,^ Bahama Islands is also colled Anguilla. ANN, St., a town of New Brunswick, situ- ate on tlic river .St. John nearly opposite to Frcdericton, and 80 m. above the city of St. .Iphn. Also tho name of a lake in Upper Canada, to the N. of Lake Superior. ANNAPOLIS, formerly Severn, city and port of entry, Anne Arundel co. Md., on llie SVV. side of the Severn, 2 m. from its mouth ; 28 SSFO. Baltimore, 40 ENE. from W. Long. 7tJ3 48' W. lat. 3!)o 0' N. Pop. alwut 2,623. It is the seat of the state government, is a pleasant and healthy town, and contains a spacious and elegant state-honse, a market- liouKi!, a theatre, a bank, and two houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for .Methodists. The streets converge to the state- house and to the Episcopal church, as two centres. Two newspapers arc published here. The flourishing state of Baltimore has injured the trade of this city. St John's College, a Roman Catholic insti- tution, incorporated in 1782, was for some years in operation in this city ; but a few years ago, it was deprived of its funds by the legis- lature. The instruction has been discon- tinued. ANNAPOLIS, a sca-port of Nova Scotia, on the E. side of the Bay of Fundy. It has one of the finest harbors in the world; but the _difficult strait, called the town stands on the the mouth of a river of its name, 86 m. W. by N. of Halifax. Lon. 64^ 55' W. lat 44° 50' N. ANNAi^OLIS, V. Salem township, Jcflferson CO. Ohio, 135 m. NE. Columbus. ANNE ARUNDEL, a county of Maryland, on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 28,295. Annapolis is the chief town. A,\.\ Book, v. Maury (o. Tenn.; 783 m. from W. A.W, Ciipe, a |Kiint of lind which forms tho \. .side of MjisHiichuKetlH Buy, Two light- hoiHcH on an islniid at the extremity of tliil C.ipe Mir in N. laf. 4v" K).' VV. long. 7(P .'W. .\.\N, h'lirl, II town in U'lmhinuton ro. N. V. ImIwi'cu tli<' North river and J .a kr Cham- plain. Pop. ;<,2t»i. ANNSVILLi:, V. Dinwiddie co. Va. r,i m. S. of Riehinond. ANSON, a county of North Carolina, Imr- (lering on .South Ciirolina, and Ixtundcd on the NE. by the Yadkin river. Pop. 14,08 1. Wades- l)oroiigh, 142 m. S\V. by W. of Raleigh, is the chief town. ANSON, t. Somerset co. Mc. on the Ken- nelwc river. Poj). 1,.'>32. ANTAUttA, a county of Alabama on the river Alabama. Washington is tho chief town. Pop. 11,872. ANTHONY'S, or St. Anthnm/s Nose, pro- montn- in New York, 1]. of the Hudson : 1,1 high ; .12 N. New- York, 6 S. West Poll. it is 877 teet alKjve the river. AN PHONY, St., Falls of, on the Missis- si|ipi river, in N. lat. 45^ W. hmg. 93', b»'ing more than 2,(100 in. above the entrance of tho river into the (iulf of Mexico. There is a fort in the Missouri Territory, on the jwint of land formed by the St. Peter's river, which river fulls into the Mississippi just below the Falls of St. Anthony. ANTHONY'S KILL, r. N. Y. which rises in Ballston, and runs into the Hudson, 8 N. from Waterford. ANTICOSTI, an island at the mouth of tho river St. Lawrence, 90 in. long and 20 broad. It is full of rocks, covered witji wood, and has no harbor ; but excellent cod is found on the shores. ANTIETAM, a small tributary oftlie Po- tomac, running into it near Shepardstown. ANTIC;UA, one of tlie English Leeward Islands, in the West Indies, about 20 m. in length ond breadth, and 60 E. by S. of St Christopher. It is destitute of water, and the inhabitants are obliged to save tlie rain-water in cisterns. The chief produce is sugar, of which it annually produces about 10,000 hogs- heads. It was taken by the French in 1782, but restored in 1783. The capital is St John. ANTILLES, the name which the French give to the Caribbce or West India islands, which see. ANTONIO DE BEHAR, San, the capital of Texas, on the San Antonio river. It is a village composed of mud cabins covered with turf. ANTRIM, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.; 21 ni. NW. Amherst, 30 WSW. Concord, 75 W. Portsmouth, 469 from W. Pop. 1,309. ANTRIM, t. Franklin co. Pa. It is watered by the Conecoclieague, and borders on Mary- land. ANTRIM, Crawford co. Ohia ANTWERP, t. .lefterson co. N. Y.; 180 m. NW. Albany, 474 from W. Fop. 2,412. iV.-i ii IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^1^ US Hf 1^ 12.0 u I. ^ IL25 iu 6" 1.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 rV iV L17 \\ 6^ 178 ANV— ASC Ir ■ -I %4 '\ fPt ANVIf-, I. I.tl)iiiii)n CO. l';i. ANVIfif.K, t. Diuipliiii out 55 m. WNW. I'liiludclpliii, \'M iVo.ii W. APiVLAC^IIIAN .MUl'.NTAIiNS, llie imme (jivcn to tlic iiniiicnHc cliiiiii cxfciiilinir aloiifr the wliolo Atlantic coiiHt of tlic riiitcd Stales, from Alabama to Maine. In the soiitlicrn Rtatcf) thry arc 200 in. Irom tlic kch, but as thc^y extend northward approach nt a r the coaHt, They run generally in pnrallel ridfjcn, and their various divisions {jo by dilVerent names. TJiesc arc the Cumberland Alonnluins of Tenncssci-, tilt! Blue Mountains of Virfjinia, IIk; Allcfrhany and Laurel Mountiiins of iV^nnsylvania, the Catskill Mountains of Now York, tiu^ (ireeu Mountains of Vermont, and the Wiiile Moun- tains of Now Hampshire, 'i'liey arc some times broken into groups iind isolated cliuins. Tiieir highest sunmiits are in New IIam|>shir( (Jid are between (i and 7,000 fl. alxne the level of the sea. Kast of tin; Hudson they are {jrani- tic. In the \V. and S. they consist of yranite, ffnciss, mica and clay slate, primitive lime- Btono, itc. Their name in the language of the Indians signities emllcHs. APAI.ACHICOLA, a river of North Amcri- ca, formed by the junction of the Clmtahooche and Flint, at an old Indian fort of the same name on the south confines of (Georgia, and thence Hows between West and East Florida into Apolache Hay, in tlic Gulf of Mexico, east of Cape lilaize. APOQUINIMINK, r. Newcastle co. Dela- ware, which runs E. into Delaware Bay, 3 m. below Reedy Island. APOQl JI N I M 1 N Iv. See rantweWs Bndfre. APOQUINIMINK, hundred, on S. side of Newcastle co. Delaware. APULIA, V. Onondaga co. N. Y. 129 ni. W. Albany. APPLETON, t Waldo co. Me. Pop. 735. APPLING, a county of (Jeorgia, in the SE. part of the state, u])on tlic Altamalia. Pop. 1,468. APPLINGVIIXE, the chief town of Co- lumbia CO. Geo. 93 ni. from Millcdgeville. APPOMATOX, r. Virginia, which rises in Campbell co., and after an easterly course of about 120 m. unites with James river at City Point. It is navigable to Petersburg. AQUA€KAN(X;K, t. Essex co. N. .1. on the Passaic; 10 m. ulwve Newark, 22G from W. It is a very pleasant village. The Passaic is navigable to tliis place for small schooners. AQUIA, t Stailbrd co. Va. on Aquia creek, 5 m. above its entrance into the Potomac ; 42 m. from W. At this place, and in the vicinity on Aquia creek, are found extensive quarries of freestone, of which the Capitol at Washhig- ton and tlie President's House were built. AQUIA CREEK, r. Statford co. Virginia, wliich flows SE., and joins the Potomac, 14 m. NE. Fredericksburg, 54 IkjIow W. AQUIA RUN MILLS, v. Staflbrd co. Va 48 m, from W. ARARAT, mt. Pa. in Luzerne and Wayne counties. It is 15 m. long. ARARAT, or I'ilol Mouulmn, N. C. on N. tide the Yadkin, and E. the river Ararat, U m. N W. B< thania. It is about u mile in herg[ht, and rincH in the lorm of a pyramid, with an area of an acre at tup, on which is a rock 300 feet high. From the sunnnit of this rock tlicrr is an extensive, variegated, and delightful pros- JK-'Ct. A R BEL A, V. Lancaster co. Pa. 45 m. E. of Harrisi)urg. ARCHER, t. Harrison co. Ohio. AR(;YLE, t. Peooliscot co. Me. Pop. 32C. ARGYLE, t. Washington co. N. Y. on E. side of Uie Hudson ; 45 ni. N. ^Ubany, 403 in. Irom W, Pop. 3,451), There are two [wst villages, at each of which there is a Presbyte- riiut meeting-house. liog ore in great quanti- ties is tbund in this town. ARKANSAS TERRITORY. Sec p. l.';.-.. ARKANSAS, or Arkansaw, or Akanaat, r. liouisiana, which rises in tlie Rocky Mouri- ta'iis, about N. lat. 42^, near the sources of tiie Del Norte, and unites with the Mississippi, lal. 33M0'N. Its courses is ESE. It is navi- gabks 1,!IH0 m. ; its whole length is 2,170 in. Its channel is broad, and its navigation satr, unobstructed by rocks, shoals or rapids. Sil vcr is found on tli(! upi»er parts of tiiis river, and inueli of tiiG land on its bunks is of tlie tirsit quality. ARKPORT, V. in Canisteo, Steuben co. N, Y., on the Canisteo ; 25 in. SW. Bath, 323 in. from W. ARLINGTON, t. Bennington co. Vt. 40 ni. from Troy, Saratoga Springs, Whitehall and Rutland. Pop. 1,207. It has quarries of mar- ble and limc-stonc, a* d a mineral spring. ARMAGH, t Indiana co. Pa.; W. IGO in. Ilarrisburg. ARMAGH, t Mifflin co. Pa. ARMOND, St., a town of Lower Canada at tlie N. end of Lake Clmmplain. ARMSTRONti, co. Pa., watered by the Alleghany; bounded N. by Venango co., E. by Jefferson and Indiana cos., SW. by West- moreland CO., and W. by Butler co. Pop. 17,625. Chief town, Kittanning. ARMSTRONG, t. Indiana co. Pa. ARNOLD, t. York co. Maine ; 533 m. from W. ARNOLD'S OLD PLACE, v. Fauquier CO. Va. ; 56 in. from W. AROOSTIC, r. which rises in Maine, runs ESE., and joins the St. Johns on the western border of New Brunswick, in lat 42^ 5' N. It is navigable for bouts 40 in. ARUNDEL, t. York co. Maine, on tlie sea coast; 21 NE. York, 86 NNE. Boston. ASBURY, v. Warren co. N. J. 34 m. NW. Trei'.ton. ASC'ENSION, a parish in the astern dis- trict of Louiaiona, u|X)n the Mississippi. The soil is rich, and produces sugar and cotton. Donaldson, 75 ni. from New Orleans, is the chief towTi. Pop. of the parish, 5,400. ASCUTNEY, mt. Vt. betwein Windsor and Weathersfield. The summit is 5 m. W. of tlic C\)nnectieut, and 5 SW. Windsor village. Ac- cording to C'apt. Partridge it is 2,903 feet above the river at Windsor bridge, and 3,320 above tlie sea. The summit is comiKised of granite, ASH— ATK 170 iiile in hetght, unid, with on in a rock 300 1)18 rock tlicrc iclightful pros. 0, 45 m. E. of liio. Vie. Pop.32G. a. N. Y. on E. Albany, 403 m. : are two {kwI e is a FreHbyte- in great quaiili- Y. Sec p. I'M. J, or Akansns, r. . Uocky Moun- w sources of Uifi the MiBsissippi, iiSE. It i» navi- „gll, is !2,nU '"• navif,^tion sjifc, ) or rapids. Sil ) of this rivi-r, and iks is of tiic hr»t >o, Steuben co. N. S\V. Bath, 323 ni. oton CO. Vt. 40 ni. gB, Whitehall and s quarries of mar- ncral spring. Pa.; W.IGO m. Pa. f Lower Conoda at ain. ,, watered by the Venango co., K. ,8., SW. by \Vc8t- Butler CO. For- ming, la CO. Pa. Maine ; 533 ni. VCE, V. Fauquier IBCS in Maine, runs Lis on the western lin lat 42= 5' N. U Maine, on tlic sea IE. Boston. N. J. 34 m. NVV. I in the . astern dis- j Mississippi. 1 »c , sugar and cotlon. low Orleans, w tlie Irish, 5,400. Itwoin Windsor and litis5ui.W.oftl.f iindsor village. Ac- lit is 2,903 feet above Ic, and 3,320 above fomiioscd of grumU:, and the prospect from the top ir, very lieuuti- ful. ASIinnROrfJH, 1. nnd rap. IJiindolpli co. N.C. on l)«'Cj) river; 12 ni. K. Salixlmry, N") W. RnUiirli ; •'<>2 froiii NV. ASlllH'KNUA.M, t. Worrrstcr en. Mass. 2!» in. N. Worcester, .')"» NVV. lUwton ; KW from \V. Pop. l.Kt.'l. Tliere nre 2 inountniiis in this townslii(),(;reut and I-itflc Wetatick. The tornier lies in NE. part of the town, tlic latter SW. of it. ASHBY, L Middlesex ro. Mass.; 31 ni. \. Worcester, 53 NW. Boston; 4«4 from W.! ASHFiEM), 1. Frankhn CO. Muss. ; 11 ni. SW. (;ro«nfiel(l, 1U5 W. Boston, 410 Irom W. I'op. 1,732. ASIIl-'OHD, t. Windham co. Ct. ; 15 m. N. Windham, 2!) ENK. Hartford, 36!» from W. Top. 2,('itiH. ASH FORI), AV»r, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 20 in. N. Lenox, 121 W. Boston. ASIH.AND, t. MontgfHnery townisliip, Bich- land CO. Ohio, !i() m. from t'olumbus. ASHLEY, r. S. C. which rises in N. part ("harleslon district, rmis SSE. and miitcs with the Coojxjr, on SW. side of the city of Charles- ton. A.SHTABULA, a county at the NE. ex- treniity of Ohio, Iwrdering on Lake Erie. Pop. 14,58-1. JetTcrson is tlie chief town. ASHTABULA, t. in the above county, on Lake Erie, 200 m. frotn Colnnd)us. It has a good liarlwr, and is a flourishing town. ASHTABULA, a stream of Oliio, about 30 m. in k ngth, running into Lake Eric. ASHTON, t. Delaware co. Pa., on Clicster crock. Pop. 765. ASHUELOT, mt. N. lU •" Winchesttir and Swansey. ASHUEF-OT, or Aahwillet, r. N. H., which runs SW. into tlic Connecticut, in Hinsdal(\ ASHVILLiu, v. Buncombe co. N.C; 520 in. irom W. ASSAQUIN CREEK, r. Virginia, whicli runs into York river, between Hanover and New Kent counties. ASSINIBOINS, or Asseneboyne, a river of North America, falling into the SW. end of it flows i/ito a bay of flic same name. Lon. :tr 20' Vv. hit. 2:rj 20' N. ATll AI'KSCOW, a lalie in the N. part of British America, disehar^nnsj its waters into Slave Lake. It is 2ilO in. loiii;-. A'I'IIKNS, f. Soiuersef co. :\Ii;inc; 20 m. NM:. Xorrid-rewiM k. I'op. 1,2(10. A'l MENS, t. Windlnmco. Vt. ; 26 m. SSE. Windsor. I'op. 11.'*, ATiniNS, l.tiieene cn. \. Y. on W, bank of the Hudson, CDponile iliiilson city; 2H in. S. Albany, :Vi,'> liom W, I'op. 2,425. It is a pleasant and tlouri>liing town, and has Fome muniitiicfures i.\h\ eonsiilerablo trade. ATHENS, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 125 m. E. Co!uiiii)iis. A'i'HENS, t. Bradford co. Pa., at tlic con- tliix of tlic Tiojra and Snsipu liannah, 304 m. from \V. A'I'HENS, CO. Olii.). Pop. n,7(;:i. ATHI;NS, f. anil cap. Alliens co. (thio: 41 m. W. from .Marii Ita, .■»2 in. E. from t'liillico- tlie, nnd .'M7 m. Irom Wasliiii^loii. Lon. IK2^ 7' W. Lat. .'1!»-^ 2:J' N. It is situated on un elevated peninsula, formed by a large bend of the Hockhocking, which meaiKkrs alwnt the town, 'i'lic situation is ]dcasant and healthy, and co'mnands an extensive prosjiect. It con- tains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 houses, nnd has valuabki mills in its vicinity. — An institution is established here, styled tlio Ohio University, which is endowed with 4(1,000 acres of" land, yielding aliout 2,300 (iollars annually. A considcnible part of this is n[>propriatok 180 ATS— AVO Vkt' ' < ATSION, ". village in Biirlin|rton co. N. J. 30 ni. E. by S. frnin l'iiila(lcl|)hin. It liontaiiis ncveral iron fbundcTicii. AITAKAFAS, t. Attiltopas district, Louis- iana; 1,412 m. from W. ATTAKAPAS, diHtrict, Louixinna, on tln' Gulf of Mexico, W. of the Atcluifalayu. ATTICA, t (Scnescc co. N. Y.: 20 ni. S. from Batavio, and 440 ni. from Wasiiington. Pop. 2,4K5. ATTLEBOROUGH, t. Bristol co. Ma-ss.; 15 m. WNW. from Taunton, 2.S m. SVV. from Boston, and 43H m. from Waiiliin|rton. Lon. 71° 21' VV. Lat. 42= N. Pop. 3,215. It con- tains several cotton imd woollen iiictorios. ATTLEIK)ROU(;n, t. Bucks co. Pa.; 4 m. NW. from Bristol, and 1U3 m. from Wuihouse, an academy, an insurance office, several banks, one of which is a branch of the United States bank, and four houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 fbr Romnii ('nfhoiics, 1 fbr Episcopalians, and 1 tor MetluHlists. It is regularly laid out and handsomely built, mostly of brick. S«.'veral of the public liuildings, and many of the privnto houses, arc spacious and elegant It is a very flourishing conmiorcial town, and prnl)ai)ly his OS much trade as any «th<'r \t\ncv of its size in the United States. Immense quantities' of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some -oUut kinds of produce are brought to Augusta from the back coimtry, and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. AIKJUSTA, a county of the W. District of Virginia, near the centre of the state, suIkII- vided into N. and S. Augusta. Pop. of N, A. !t,142, of S. A. 10,783. Staunton is the scat of justice for Iwth. AUGUSTA, V. Perry co. Mississippi; 73 m. SE. from Monticello. AUGUSTA, V. Montgomery co. Alab. 67 m. E. from Cahawba. AUCiUSTA, t, Columbiana co. Ohio. AUCJUSTINE, St. t St John's co. F,. Florida, on the eastern coai^t It was formerly the capital of the whole territory of Florida. The town stands in a prairie near tlie sen, with a gooil harbor, which however has a shallow entrance. It is regularly built of n stone formed by the concretion of sea-shells. One of the churches is an old edifice in tJie (lotliic style. The situation of tlie town is low, bvit pleasant. In the neighborhood arc numerous groves of orange trees. Before it came into tlie {wssession of the United States, its |)opulation was about 5,000. Since this f)criod the yellow fever has made its ap|X'ar- ance, and the population has diminished. St. Augustine is 310 m. SSW. of Charleston, in lat. 2!)° 45' N. lon. 81° 40' W. AURELIUS, t Cayuga co. N. Y. 173 m. W. from Albany, on Owasco lake. Pop. 2,767. AURELIUS, t Washington co. Ohio; 96 m. SE. from Columbus. AURIESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. C. 123 m. SW. from Raleigh. AURORA, t Erie co. N. Y. 175 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,421. AURORA, t Portage co. Ohio; 140 m. NE. fVom Columbus. AURORA, v. Dearborn ca In. 25 m. W. from Cincinnati. AUSTERLITZ, t. Columbia co. N. J. 34 m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,245. AUSTINBURY, t Ashtabula co. Ohio; lf)2 m. NE. from Columbus; has a number of mills and woollen manufactories. AUSTINTOWN, t. TrumbuU co. Ohio; 160 m. NE. from Columbus. Pop. 1,259. AUSTINVILLE, v. Wythe co. Vo. on the Kanahwa. AVARYSVILLE, t Columbia co. Georgia; 609 m. from W. AVERY, t. Huron co. Ohio; 409 m. from W. AVERYSBOROUGH, t Cumberland co. N. C, on Cape Fear rrver; 25 m. N. from Fayetteville, 35 S.from Raleigh, and 322 from W. Lon. 78° 55' W. lat 35° 18' N. AVON, t. Somerset co. Mc. ; 35 m. NW. AVO— RAI 181 tcrlanH, 1 fbr palianH, nnd 1 y laid out and uk. Soverul of of tlic privalo it It is a very aiid prol)al)ly KT placir of ilH icnoc quantitiip md soiiK" oUitT » AupuHta from 1 ui boats down \V. District of he state, sidnli- Pop. of N. A. ton is the scat Mississippi; "2 ry CO. Alab. 67 CO. Ohio. John's CO. K. It was formerly itory of Florida, ic near the stu, however has a iilnrly built of a ion of sca-shclls. Id edifice in Uie 1 of tlie town is icigliborhood arc trees. Before it lie United States, 000. Since thin made its apjx-ar- diminished. St. of Charleston, in V. o. N. Y. 173 m. lake. Pop. 2,767. jon CO. Ohio; 96 gomery co. N. C. . Y. 175 m. W. ). Ohio; 140 m. ». In. 25 m. W. ibia CO. N. J. 34 2,245. tabula CO. Ohio; s; has a number ictoricB. jmbuU CO. Ohio; , Pop. 1,259. he CO. Va. on the imbia co. Georgia; o; 409 m. from W. . Cumberland co. ; 25 m. N. from ;igh, and 322 from 5° 18' N. Mc; 35 m. NW. (h)m Norrld^wock, and 210 NNK. from IJottton. Poji. 7'l.'». A\< >N, t. ( tntario co. N. Y., on K. side of tlic ( lent sec; til m. VV. from ( 'anaiiilai^ua, and 'M) from NV. AVON, t. I.iviiiirston en. N. Y. U.lfi m. W. Iroiii Alltuiiy. Pop. 2,'M'd. AVON, t. Lorain co. (Hiio; 146 m. NE. from ( oimiibus. AVOYKI.M'IS, a parish in the wcsti-m district of I^uiHiana, iK-twroii tin- MissisKi|i|)i, Red and Atciialiilaya rivers. It produces int.) lake Superior alwut midway between the ;rrcat quantities of cotton. Pop. .'J,t."*J m. fro.n W. H\CHErA)R'S RETREAT, v. Pendleton CO. S. C. ; .')7H in. from W. HACK, short navigable river and inlet, Bal- timore CO. Md., wliicli communicates with llie (^licHaiieakc, 4 in. N. of tlie Patapsco; 10 m. long. BACON CASTLi:, v. Surry co. Va. ; 197 m. from W. BACIIOCAXON, river of I'. Canada, fulls AURELIUS, t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. on E. side of Cnyuga lake ; 175 ni. W. from Albany, and .•JHa from W. I'op. 4,042. It contains 3 post-villages. Auburn, (/'ayuga, and I'liion S|)riiigs, and lias an academy. Auburn is the scat of justice for the county. This is a wealthy and flourishing town. Al'ROUA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. AURORA, V. in Scipio, N. Y., on tlic E. side of Cayuga lake ; 10 m. SW. from Auburn, and 378 from W. It is a pleasant and flour- ishing viUage, and has an academy. AUROILV, t Portage co. Ohio; 347 in. from W. AUSTENVILLE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. AUSTERLI'r/, t Columbia co. N. Y. 315 m. from W. AUSTIN, t Trumbull co. Ohio. Austlnburg, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river; 8 m.W. from .leircrson,imd 302 from W. AUSTINSVILLE, t. Wythe co. Va. on the Kcnhawa; 16 iii. N. from Greensville, and 360 from W. AUSTINTOVVN, t Warren co. Ohio ; 290 m. from W. AUSTIN'S CREEK, r. Georgia, which runs into tlic Savannoli, about 12 in. NW. from Savannah. AU-VASE, r. Illinois, which flows into the Mississippi, 55 m. above the Ohio. It is navi- gable for boats 60 m. tlirough a fine prairie country. AYERSTOWN, t Burlington co. N. J. on Ancocus creek; 13 m. SE. from Burlington. AYLETTS, V. King WiUiam co. Va.; 120 in. from W. AYRESBURY, v. N. J. on tlie Muscone- cimk. B. BAAL'S RIVER, in West Greenland, empties in lon. 50=- 10' W. laL 6-P 30' N. BACALAL, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. SW. fi-om Valladolid. BACANO BAY, on tlic S. coast of Cuba, I/»n. 743 59' W. laL 20° 6' N. BACHELDOR, L Oxford co. Mc., 20 m. W. from Paris. SE. from Richmond. BAFFIN'S HAY', the most northern gulf or bay that has yet been discovered in Nortli Aineriea. It extends licyond the 78tli ilegree of N. lat. and conununicatcs with the Atlantic occiui through Davis's Straits. On the W. side of tiiis bay, in lat. 74^ is Lancaster's Sound, tlirough which Lieut. Parry, in tlie summers of 1819 and 182(1, discovered a passage into the polar sea. He |)cnclrated as far as the longitude of IKP 47' W. from Greenwich, lietween the parallels of 74^ and 75' N. lat. where his further progress was ar- rested by the ice. BA(:;ADUCE POINT, cape in Penobscot bay. Me. BAHAMA CHANNEI,, or Gulf of Florida, the narrow sea between tlic coast of America and the Baliaina islands, 1,35 in. long and 46 broad. The currents here are most violent, and vessels are frccjuently wrecked in passing through this strait. BAHAMA BANK, Great, a sand-bank ex- tending from near the island of Cuba lat. 22° 20' to the Bahama islands lat. 26= 15' N. A .nailer bank of tliis name lies N. of the island of Bahama. BAHAMA, or Lncayoa Islanda, in the At- lantic ocean, op|K)site the coast of Florida, lying N. of Cuba and St. Domingo, bc twecn 21° and 28= N. lat. and 71' and 81 => W. lon. They have been estimated at 500, but of these a great proportion are nothing more than cliffs and rocks. The principal are Bahama, FJleuthera, Exuma, Providence, Gua- nahani, or St Salvador, and Turk's island. The climate is in general salubrious. The numljer of slaves uiwn the whole islands, ac- cording to a return made to Parliament in 1823, was 10,108, and the white {lopulatioii probably amounts to about 4,000. BAIHA HONDA, port of the N. side of the island of Cuba. Lat 20° 58' N. ; 60 m. SW. by W. from Havanna. BAILEYSBURG, v. Surry co. Va. 70 m. SR from Richmond. BAINBRIDGE, formorlv Jericho, t. Clie- nango co. N. Y. ; 20 m. ,S. from Norwich, 120 isa ij.M— lur. I',.,.. 1^1 k!< ■ ( ai WSW. from Albany, and IW (Vnin W 3,040. UAINBRIIXiK, f. Ro«s co. Ohio, on P.iii.t cnu'k; IH ni. \VS\\'. from ('liillir^ollic, anil 425 from W. It contains a lorjjc aiiil sonir otluT niillH. HAlNHiniKJi;, V. Franklin ro. Aliili. on the 'IVnncsscf, .) rn. alM)V(' Moniicc «AINIJKIIH;I;, IWt, inht on Ihc NW. coast of Amirica. J,on. x!|-J^ Hi' K. laf, o'J^ 55' N. BAINBRIDT.r:, t. f Jiuipa ro. Oiiio. BAIKD'S l"OR(JK, v. I5uriio to. N. C; 507 m. from W. BAIRU'S TAVKUN, v. 15nckinirl,;im to. Va. ; a02 m. from W. BAIRDS'I'OWN, t. and cap. Nelson ro. Kentucky, on Ikrcli Fork river ; 10 m. SW. from Frankfort, (iO WSVV. from l.cxinjrton, and 615 from W. T,on. H(i^ H>' W. i.il. 'M 4!i' N. Pop. 820. It is a tlourisliin^r <"wm, and contains a coiirt-lionsc, a jail, a market- house, a church, and a hank. BAKER, a county in the SW. p;irt of Georgia. BAKERSTOWN, v. Allcphany co. Pn. 13 m. N. from Pittsburp. BAKER'S FALLS, on the Hudson, bn- twcen Kinpsbury and INlorcaii, .W in. aliovc Albany. The descent is 7(5 feet within (10 rods. BAKER'S ISLAND, small isl. in the At- lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 70^ 47' W. lat 44^5 34' N. BAKER'S ISLAND, isl. Mass., off Salem harbor, opposite Maneiicster, fhret; eiirlillis of a mile lonjj; 5 m. ENE. from Saliin. 'I'liero is a lipht-houfe on the north end. BAKER'S RIVER, r. N. IL which runs SE. into the Merrimack, in Plvmoutli. BAKERSFIE:LD, t. Fr.mklin co. Vt. ; IS m. NNW. from MontiJcHcr, and 520 from W. Pop. 1,087. BAKERSVILLE, t. Patrick co. Va. ; 14 m. from Henry C. H. and 321 from \V. BALD EAGLE, i. Pa. which rises in Centre co., and passing throujrh MiHlin a!id Lycoming counties, after a cours*; of 50 m. runs into W. branch of the Susquchaimah, about 12 m. W. of Jersey Slior*". BALD EAGLE MOUNTAINS, in Pa.; 200 m. W. from Philadelphia, ''he valley below on the E. side is called Bald Eajj^le Valley, or Sinking Spring Valley. It is very pleasant, and remarkable for a i)henomeiion called the Swallows, which absorb several large streams and discharge them again, after a subterraneous passage of several miles. The valley is 5 m. wide, on the frontiers of Bedford county. BALD EAGLE, t. Centre co. Pa. BAI.D EA(;LE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. BATiD head, jioint in Norton Sound, on the NW. coaiit of N. America. Lat. 64=> 43' N. lon. 84^ 42' W. BALD HEAD, head land SW. side of Wells bay in Miune. Lon. 80° 35' W. lat. 43° N. BALD HEAD, SW. end of Smith's island. af the mouth of C'aiK' Fenr river, N. ('. If has a liu'lit-house ; 21 ni. NNW. from Frviiii: I'lin shr.al. Lon. 7>" 13' W. lat. .33 ' 51' N. IIALI) MOFNTAINS, inonntains of .V. America, which linund 'reimessee to the I!. Lon. KJ :i.V \V. Lit. :i.V 5(1' N. UALDUj.N. I. Cntnherhind co. Maine; K) m. NW. from Portland, l.-)() NNE. from \U. ten, and 5f^3 from W. Pop. !) 47. UALDWIX, CO. central part of (aor^ia. Pop. 7,3S'I. Chief town, .Milledgeville. HALDWIN, CO. Alabama, thief town, Fort Stodd.ird. Pop. 2,321. HALI)\VI,\SVH,Li;, V. Colnmhia co. Geo. li \M)\VI.\S\ ILLK, v.Oiionilaga co.N.V. 153 ni. from W. liALIXI!, liie ]iriiiei|)al entrance at the month of tiie .Mississippi, 100 m. Im'Iow Xcw Orleans, 1377 m. from W Long. H'P 30' W, Lat. 2:) ' 0' N. Here are a fort and iKist-oiricr. in Platpiemine CO. On its hanks the Englisii have their principal estahlishments (or cntlint; down mahog;iny, some of whicli are 200 in. almve the month of I'l' river. BALLAIJD'S Hk|iw;i;, t.Chowan co. N. C. by post-road IHO m. NE. from Raleigh. BALLARD'S ("API;, |)art of the island nf Newlbimdland. Lat. 4r,-' 35' N. ; long. 24^ 31 E. from W. BALLSTON, t. and caj). Saratogo co. NY. 2-^ m. N. fro)n Albany, 3!»0 m. from W. Pop. 2,113. In this township there is a court-house, a jail, an academy, and (J hou.scs for puhlii: worsliip. HALLSTON-SPA, v. partly in Ballston, l.nl ehieily in Milton, N. Y.; 2(1'' m. N. from Al- bany, from \V. '.i'Xi m. It has a court-house, two printing-offices, a l)ook-store, with wliicli are connected a circulating library and a read- ing-room ; an acatlemy, and 2 houses f<)r ]inl)- lie worship, oiu; for Episcopalians, and one tor Baptists. This place is fimous for its mineral waters, which are nmch frequented by the gay and fashionable during the months of July ami August. Hence, in addition to several inns, there are three large bonrding-houses e.vpressly designed for the acconmiodnfion of strangers. The waters pos.s<'ss a slinndating and refresh- ing qtiality. I'ndcr the exhaustion of heat and tatijrue, nothing can Ik? more agreeable and reviving to the system. As a powerful remedy also in many diseases, they are well known and highly celebrated. Letters intended for ])or- sons residing at the s[)rings, should be direct- cd to Hallston-Spa, as there is another ])ost- otfiee in the town of Ballston, at some distance from the village. Pop. l.flOD. HALLSVILLE, t. Powhatan eo. V.a. B A L'Pl ,M( )R E, t. Windsor co. Vt. 1 1 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. in IHIO, 207. RALTI.MORE, hundred, Suss(!.v eo. Del. Pop. 2,057. BALTIMORE, eo. Md. on tlie W side of Chesapeake bay, N. of Patopsco r. Chief town, Baltimore. Pop. exclusive of the city and ita precincts, 40,251. n.\i^i{A[< 183 ivrr, N. <'. It V. Iroiii KrviiiL' If. M:r f)!' N. oiiiitiiinti of N'. I'ssco to thu F„ I vn. Mninc; III .'M;. from lios. 147. art of (!i'or(;iii. (■(I}rcvillc. X. t'lii(!t' town, iliinil)ia CO. fJco. loiuliipi CO. N. Y. ■niriinrc at the ( III. Im'Iow New ,nnir. Hit ^ :«)■ U . rt iiiiil nost-otriir, inks tlio Knirlisli nciils tor ciittiiij; hicli arc 200 iii. t. Chowan co. N. roin KnlciRh. t of tlic island of N.; long. 2 15 31 ■5arato00 or (100 tons, hut none lar^^er than 200 ton.s can {TO uj) to the town. Haltiiiiorc contaiiifi the state penitentiary; the city and county alms-house; a court-house; 2 museums; 2 theatres ; a custom-hou.se ; a hosjiital, in wliich tliere is a tine colleelioii of anatomical prcpa> rations in wax ; an cxclian^re, on immense edi- fice of four stories; 5 market-houses; 10 hanks, Aii houses of jiuhlic worship, a public lihrary, a lunatic asylum, an ohservatory, and several elcirant imhlie fountains. A marble monument to the memory of general Wash- iiiUton has been erected on an elevation at tlio north end of Charles street. The base is 50 ft et square, and 'S.i feet hijrh, on which is an- other stjiiare of about half the extent and clc vation. On this is a lolly column, 20 feet in diameter at the base, and It at the top. On the summit of this column, 1C3 feet from tiio ground, Uie statue of Washington is placed. UAI-TIMUKU L.VLlIAWi; AMJ MONUMENT. 1R4 BAI^HAU M^:^.! t % TIh' niittlc Monunuint, rrcctcil to tlio nicm- ory ol' tliDw; who ti'll in liriivdy dcfi iidiiiL'' tlirir ciiy from tin; altuck ot'llio liritisli on llir \'2ih ntid l.'Hh of S<;|it. IhM, is a liiinilsoiix- ntnic- tiirc of rnurblo, xitUiitrd on u liir^rr H(|uiirr in North ('iilvrrt Btnct. 'I'Ik; city is trriicriiily well built. The hoiisrs arc cliictly of brick ; ninny of thcin arc hnndHmne, nnd sonu' f*|>l( n- did. The HtrcL'ts intrrscct each other at rifrlit an|r|cH. Haltiniorn in supfilied with water ta- ken from th(! JoneB* falls, and ronve3'cd to re- Bcrvoirs, whence it in distributed to every part of the city. There are several lit< rary insti tutionR in thin city. A medical colitse wan 20' N. nA.MSTKH, V. Mulirux co. Vu. 1 tO in. SW. troiii KielitniiiKJ, HANK'S ISLAM), near the N\V. eim^t of Aiiierieii, alM)nt fit) in. Inn;; nnd ■'> broad. I.11M. lyil ' I.V to \'M) 10' \V. ; lat. .I.'t IW N. HAI'TISTOW.N', V. Hunterdon eo. N.J. ;ti) in. NW. frnin Trenton. BARA('<)A,atownon the Nl). const ofCuli.i with agofxl h.irlKir Ibr small vt ssi Is, 1( m. V.SW. of .'^t. Jajyo do Cuba. Lon. 71^ I'J' W.; iul. 20^ .W N. llAlfATAIHA, hay, or (rulf, I.onisiann, 18 111. lonjr from N. to S. IxMi. UU^ W.; hit. •J'J' founded m 1H07. In 1812 the institution was cnlarjjcd, and received a new charter. It is now Btylcd the University of Maryliind, and embraces the dcjiartments of Innjjuatrcs, arts, sciences, medicine, law, and divinity. The Baltimore and Ohio rail-road extends from Uiis city to the Ohio river at Pittsburjr, .300 m. It IIAUATAKIA, r. Tiouisiana, which runsS. into a bay of tlu; same name. IIAKATAUIA, isl. on N. side of the (iiilt" of IMexieo, at the enfrnnco of Uaratiiria bay; .W III. NW. from IJnIi/e. Lat. 2!P N. It Ir a healthy island and a strong; military jioHition, and alVords a safe and eapaeious harlxir fur was begun in lM2H, and a frreat |K)rtioii of it is merchant vessels, and li^ht sliijiB of war. already comjileted. There are several viaducts I IL\J{ ATARI A, a hay 011 the coast of I,oui. and embankments in its coiirw! near Haiti- ninna, near the month of the Mississijipi, niir- more, substantially built of irraiiite, and a deep romuled by a tlat marshy count-y. Hoats con cut tlirce quarters of a mile loii;r and 70 fe(!t ! pass from the Mississipjii at New Orleans, deep. Many cars are, already in operation 'throii(;h this liny to the sen. This was for- upon the rail-road. Sonie of tiiem are drawn inerly a jrrciit resort for pirates. by horse power, some driven by steam, nnd j HAHHAHOKS, one of the ( 'ariblMns, nnd some by wind. The ears with sails jjo some- 1 the most eastern of the W. India islands. I,ii1, times 2.5 miles an hour, aiwl can lie within 4 I'P 10' N. ; Ion. .')!)-' W. The earl of Mnrj. imints of the wind. The whole distance troni liorouijh obtained from .lames I. a prnnt ot'liic lialtiinore to Pittsburg, when completed, will island, in ll'i21, anay; . 2!P N. It is u iiilitury iKwilioii, [lioiis Imrlwr for liijiH of wnr. li(,' const, of Ijoui. MisBissippi, nur- mt"y. Hf>!it'* ''iui ttt Nrw ( )rlcanH, .. This was for. Ics. (• CarihlM't's, and idia islaiuls. Lnt, 'lie tarl of Mnrl- s I. a prnntortlic hi! foundation ot" iiitj, 14 broail, ami 171) acres. It liis '2'i frniii St. liUciu, !•;. from Triniilad, oplier'B. It isdi- parishes ; chief 11, 1(V.JH;» whites, !,-J.5S slavcB ; pros- s>o,ooo. Ill iHin. xports, £271,597. 10 ponulation and liiniuished. From lorls declined from ii,.").")4; from l:2,fi, I. Monongahela co. Va. near Morgantovvii, and 219 m. NW. from Richmond. IIARNWELL, district of S. C. havmg Sa- vatmah r, SW. Ixlyelield NVV. Orangeburg NE. Colleton and Benuiiirt SE. being aO m. in length by u mean width of 3.1; area J050 sq. Ills, surfliee hilly, and soil of middling quality. Staples, cotton and grain. Chief town, Barn- well. Pop. 11^20, 1 1,7.70. BAh'NVVELL, C. II. and t.of Ikirnwell dis- trict, S. C. Lat. ;13^ 13' N. ; Ion. 4= 20' VV. BARRi;, t. Worcester eo. Mass. 24 in. NW. from Worcester, ()4 VV. from Boston, 417 from VV. Po|>. 2,,703. This is a very valuable town- ship, and produces great quantities of beef, butti'r, and cheese. BAR RE, t. WashingUm co. Vt. 7 m. SE. from .Moiit|H"lier, .724 lirom VV. Pop. 2,012. BARRE, t. (ieiieseeco. N. Y. BARRE, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. BARREN, eo. in the S. central part of K'y. Pop. 14,8*21. (JIasgow, the chief town, is 134 III. SW. by S. of F'rankfbrt. Two rivers, one called the Little, and the other the Big Barren, have their source within the coimty, running in ditVereiit directions, but botii tiilling into the (ircen river. BARREN CREEK, r. which rises in SVV. corner of Delaware, and runs into the Nanti- coke, 2 III. S. from Vienna. BARREN CREEK SPRINGS, t Somerset CO. Md. 8.7 in. SE. from Annapolis. BARREN RIVER, r. Kentucky, which runs into the (Jreen River, between Warren and Logan counties. BARREN RIVER, Li - • •, Ky. which runs into (ireen River, W. of <.;(• i.sburg. BARREN.S, t St. Geneva ve co. Misc. 70 m. SE. from St. Louis. BARRIER POINT, the W. point, where the r. Petite Nation enters tlie Ottawa, U.C. HARRINGTON, t Bristol co. R.Lon the ,SVV. side of Warren r. Pop. 612. BARRINGTON, Great, Berkshire co. Mass. about 150 m. W. from Boston. Pop. in 1820, 1,!)08, BARRINGTON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. 226 m, W. from Albany. BARRINGTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 28 m. NVV. from Portsmouth, 517 from VV. It is a large township, and contains several ponds, the largest of which. Bow pond, is 650 rods long, and 40 broad. It has several houses of public worship. Crystal spar, black lead, iron ore, alum, and vitriol are found here. In the SE. part of the town there is a cave called the Bear's Den, BARRON'S, t Prince William co. Va. 48 m. SW. from W. BARRYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg ca N.C- 448 m. from W. 186 HA R— MAI' i:".f f'h If*!- 1 ,!' BART, t. Uiicaiiter vx,, I'u. S. fVom Stnin- HAin'lll':i.l':MV,r.l.(»iiHinim,\vliirli liner a ('"iirm" \V. (if S. of nlKHit ITtO m. jf)inH lln' Oiiiicliill.i, M III, Im low llir Dirhaiir. HAIMIIOI.OMCW, .N7. imrinli of S. f '. in the iliHirirl iif ( 'liarlrxton, i'(iiiUiiiiin(f al>oiil l.'t.DOO iiilmliil.'intH, tlir<'<'-li)nrtli>« HliiviN. HAin'HOI.O.MlAV, Hiimll r. of ArkaiiwiH onil I.OII. riKiiifr ill the foriiicT, ami t'uUin^r into Ouiicliittn. HAiniH )f,<)Mi;W, Tu/ir, S. iK.int of KUitin iHland, in tlir Klruits of li(r Mairc HAirriH )l.().\l KW, .S7. one of llw ('iiribkv iHlnndn, in tlir WchI IndicH, '11 in. in (ureiiin- ftTi'iicc, and iifj N. from St. CliriKloplicr. 'I'lic I'rcncli ceded it to (lie Swedes in ITK'i; iind it waH taken liy the llritinh in IH((|, Imt restoied to Sweden in If^i I. Tiie eliief ex|K)rtH are drii^TH and nirnaiiivit:i>; iind it'haH n ^ood hur- Iwr. Irfiii. (i:»^ W \V. ; hit. 17 ' Hi' N. nARTMrri', t. ( ooh co. n. h. rop. f> i4. HAK'I'ON, l.inrolnco. V.V. RAUTON, V. Orleans co. Vt. 50 m. NK. from Montjit'icr. I'op. 7*J!(. RARTON, Hinall r. of Vt. rising in Orleans CO. and falliii(r into lake iMemphramagotr. RAJ{TON'S (WJIOKK, r. 'IVmiessee, which runt* into thu Cuinl)erland, alraut 10 m. above t'iarksvillc. R.\SK1NKIDGE, t. Somerset co. N. J. on a branch of the I'assuic, 7 in. SSW. from .Mor- ristown, 17 N. from New Hniiiswiek, tlV.i Irnin W. lK)n. 7P :i.T W.; lat. 10- l(f N. Here is u goocrtaining to Huron co., Ohio. This cluster is coiii|KKied of .'J principal and several smaller islands. In the KouUiern Rass Island is the fine harbor of I'ut-in-Hay, about 5 or 6 m. W. of which, on Sept. lOth, 1818, capt. Perry ca|)tured the Rritish licet, under the conmiand of capt. Rarclay. RASTARD, t. U. C. between Lansdowne and Leeds. RATAVIA, or Genesee, t and cap. Genesee CO. N. Y.; 40 m. E. Burtalo, 2.16 W. Albany, 391 fi-om W. Pop. 4,271. It contains a court- house, a jail, and other public buildings, and has considerable trade. A weekly newspaper is published here. BATAVIA, t. in Clermont co. Ohio. BATAVIA, t, Gttuga co. Ohio. H AT< A, I. of Mexico, in Yucatan, on the side (if the lliiy ot" ( 'amiM-acliy. HATESVII.Li:, t. Indepeiuk'nce lo. Ar. kansas, on Wliile river, 110 m. NK. of Little R(wk. HATES, t. Monroe co. N. Y., i-TiO ni. W. from Alb.inv. RATH, l'. (Jrarton co. \. II. on the Conner- lictit; 14 III. N. Ilavcriiill, 10 N. Darliiinuth Coneirc, .1 l.'i from W. I'op. I, (WO. The Lowi r AmmoiiooHiiek and Math tnrnpike pass tliroii(;h this town, and at the iwiint where tliey inter- sect there is a handsome villiiirc. RATH, t. and port of entry, in Lincoln ro. Maine, on W. side of the Kennebec, I'J m. from the Hca, H S\V. \Viscas»cl, 'Mi NE. Port- land, l.'iO NE. Ilostoii, .Ins from \V. Lon. GIM 4!)' \V. lat. 1:P .W N. Pop. :J,77:i, Hath i,< pleasantly situated and has great ndvantn|,'i'D tor coimiierce, Iniiig at the head of winter navigation. Tin- river hi're is sehkim fro7i'ii over. It is one of the most considerable con:- mercial towns in .Maine. It contains an acadnny, several banks, and houses of piih- lie worship lor( 'oiigreijationalists, HaptiKts,&c. ItATH, t. and cap. Steiilien co. N. Y., on the Coiihoeton ; 10 m. S. Canandaigua, U'1.'>\V. Albany, :»ll.'» from W. Pop. 1,700. It in a pleasant and flourishing town, and hua conitid- eralile trade. HATH, t. NorUiumbcrlond co. Pa; 173 iii. from W. H.\TH, v. Hrnufort ro. N.C. 61 m. SE.nf Edentoii, on Tar river 124 m. above Painlicot Sound. Lat. Hr,' 31' N. HATH, CO. Ky. having Nicholas NW, Elenmiing NE., I'loyil SE., and Montgomery SVV. It is .'M III. in length, with a mean briadlh of 10; area .'MO sq. m. Chief town, Owingsville. Poj). 8,7!)!l. HA'PH CO. in tJie central part of Va. bound cd N. by Pendleton co., 10. by Rockbridge en., S, by Hotetourt co., and W. by (Jreenbrinr eo. Pop. 4,00H. Slaves, 882. At the court-housi there is a iiost-villagc, .'50 m. WSVV. Staunton, 22(5 from \V. Here is a medicinal Hpring,call('d Warm Spring ; and another almut 6 m. di.stanl SVV. called Hot Spring, the waters of which, at some seasons, are hot enough to Iwil an egz, and are useful in various complaints. RATH, t. Medina co. Ohio. RA'i'H, Rcrkelcy co. Va. near the Potomac; 3.'5 in. NNW. Winchester, 104 from W. Ihrkt- ley Spritifrs arc near this town, which see. RATH,t. Greene CO. Ohio. HATH, t. Ikaufort co. N. C. on a bay which sets up from Tar river; 11 ni. ESFl. Washington, (51 SSW. Edenton, 332 from W. Lon. 77° 20' W. lat. .35° 31' N. RATH, V. Renssallaer co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hudson, oj)posite the upper jmrtof Albany. RATH, CO. Va. having Rotetourt and Mon- roe S. Greenbriar W. Randolph NW. Pendle- ton NE. Augusta E. and Rockbridge SE. H is 45 m. in length, with a mean breadth of 20 m. and 900 sq. ms. Situated in the Apala- chian ridges ; the face of this co. is mountain- ous ; tlie air is pure and bealUiy ; tlie soil m icaUn, oil the |,.|,(T i<). Ar. NK. of Little i'., a'lO m. w. on tlii'Connrr- N. DarliiKiuth ^(1. 'I'lic I.ow(r kc paHM tlirotigli leru tli«-y inltr- ^r, ill liiiicoin ro. iiniH'l><'«', 1- '"• i-t, r. NK. I'ort- „n W. I.oi>. 6".t^ W'u'.l Hiith is rrciit mlviiiiliiKCK ' lund of winlor is wUlom fro7i-n •ti8tH,&<'' Im-M CO. N. YmOII i\aiulaiKVUi,iil.')W. ij). l,7U0. It in a m, and liuii consitl- id CO. Pa; 173 111. 1^, C. (il ni. SE. of in. above Pamlicoc Nicliolas NW, , and MontKoincry itrili, with a mean 1. in. Chief town, 1 part of Va. bound' by Rockbridge co, . by (irccnbriarw. At the court-houst „. WSVV. Staunton, dicinalHprinfr, called Vr about 6 m. distant \w. waters of which, iiough to Iwil ail egg, [coinplaintB. bhio. ..near thePotomar; ,104 from VV. Utrkt- town, which see. •hio. o. N. C. on a ^y f river ; 11 ni. E^J; fdenton, 332 from «■ CO. N. Y. on the b- fsite the upper iMirtol w Botetourt and Mon- IndolphNW.Pendle- I Rockbridge Sb. » la mean breadth of f Ituated in the Apala- Ifthis CO. is mountain- ■ healthy ;Uie swim BAT-^UKA 18V (rfneral ratJier •trril«', lliouuli ■oine vrry |iro- (liictivp land lifs iildiii; the strcam^i. < 'hii'f lowii, U'arrrn Sprinjrit. Pop. \f*-H), .'>,'2'M. IJA Til, C. II. iin.l \. Halli in. Vn. ."lO in. W. Sintinton, and VJ*27 .'^W. I'mni NV. BATON R0I'(;K, t. Lou. on tli<- W(\. hank coKNt of Svw Ilolluiid in lut. lU^ 30'; 4lli, on till" WV. ciKiMt of America in lat 57 ' N.; 5th, on thi' 1). const of Ni'W '/calaiid. HAVnl r\|{ AM |(), 1. iIiipid.B, Lou. IIAVdl' ( IIICOT, t. ill till' northirn |Nirt >f ( )|H'liiosiis, Lou. 30 III. NW. t'roiii tii<> viU of the rivir .MiKHiHsijipi. Ilrrr, in amTiidinir liiui- of Si. Linidri', mid I,|mh SNV. from W. tlic river, li:inl«H rise to a ronsidirHldc liiijriitl HAV R l\ LK, I. Crnvcu co. N. C "JO m. E. iilK)ve till" flcviition of ihc waliT in frislirts.j from Nrw Item, liny river is a Hinall irrrk of It is alx'Ut liH III. iiliovr .New ()rir:iii<, lollo\v-i Paniliro Soimil, ami loriiiint; part of tlio ini; the river. Here the eonntry is linely im-| iH)iiniliiry iK'tweeii l(«;iiiliirt iiiid Craven coh. lirovid. 'I'll'' town eoiilains alKuil tiO or 7(>| 11 A/ET'l'V, I. in 'rnmibull c;o. Ohio. Pop. linnMeM, and 3.'il) inhaliilaiitH. HA'I'ON ROI'Cii;, ImkI, jKirish of Lou. on tlip li'tl bank of the .Missi-^sippi river, liaviiit; that Blre.im W. New I'l lieiuiia N. tliii .\niile river, or St. Helena K. ilHrviile river, or St. (•:il>rit'l S. Il is tjfi III. in leiifrtli, willi a mean width of l.>; urea HKI si|. iiih. IIm siirliiee is rolliuij towards the N. but becoiiies ifeiierally 1( vel to the Konthward. Tlie soil is tirlile, and ill it- natural state covered with a dense Ibresl. Staple, cotton. Chief town. Baton Roiitre. Pop. «,7I HATON ROCfiK, HV.s/, parish of I,ou. on the ritjlit bank of the .\lissis^^ippi, opjiosite IvMi Baton Rouijc, haviiiir the Mississippi river i;. I'lai|ueiniiie river, or Sl.tialiriel Sl'l. Alelia- llilaya river .SW. and \V. and Pointe ('oii|K'e N, It is 3ll III. in leiifrtli, liy S> mean widlli; Luzerne co. Pcnn. ; in. SW. Dor- H-iii, I!m;. PKAcii (;i{()Vi:, v. 'J(U III. I'rnin W. P.KACII HILL, t. S. C; 7 I'hesler. HLACII ISLAND, t. Ilaneotk co. Maine. Poi). 1^10, I, in jx-JO, ^. BLACH ISLAND, small island in the At- lantie, iieiir tin; cojist of New Jtrney. I^ion. 7 P I.V W. Int. 31) ' 17' N. BLACON ISLAND, small island in Pamli- ro Siiiiid, near tin.' coast of N. C Lon. 70^ ','•.»' W. lat..3P .'57' N. ni;Ai,SlUI{(;, t. Harden ro. Ky. on E. bank of Rolliinr Pork river: l.^> m. WSVV. Mairdstowii, .'ill SW. I'VaiiklbrL Lon. HG^ 27' W. lat. 37 ' 4-2' N. RKAI.LSN ILLK, fine v. on the I'.S. road. area 7.'»(l m\. ms. Its surliiee is a dead alliivinl; Wasliiii!_'toii eo. i'emi. s m. W. trom Browns- jilain, extremely fertile, liiit except near the mar- 1 villi', and 17 1). I'roiii Washiiiirtoii, the county \l\n of tlie Mississippi, and some other streams, seat. liulile to annual submersion. Staple, cotton. UATOPILAS, il considerable town of the Andes or Cordilleras of Mexico, in the inteii- dciicy of Durantro. HA'ITERAI'X, island, in the river St. Law ri'iice, alwvc R-arded Island. HA'ITLECRKKK, r. Ky. which runs into the Ohio, lon. K") 3(;' W. lat. 3H ' .3.7' xN. lU'lTLETOWN, v. Prcderick co. Va. 11 in. E. by N. from Stcveiisburjj, and 6 E. from Winchester. B.VrrURE GRAND, on (Xtawa river, be- low Portatri^ du Cliene, U. C. HAUCIIERV1LF,E, a beautifully located villajje on the W. bank of the river St. Ijaw- reiice, about 10 m. W. of Montreal. BALUJH.MAN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. BAYAGUANA, an inland town of the isl. and of St Dominjjo, alwut 3.'> m. NE. of the city of St. Domingo. BAY AMD, a town in the E. part of Cuba, on the river Estcro, which forms a bay on the coast, 20 m. below the town. It pives name to a channel, between Cuba and the islands, called the Queen's Garden, and is 80 ni. WSW. of St. Jago. Ix)n. 77^ 20' W. lat 20° 45' N, BAYDENSVILLE, t. Indiana. BAYLESBURG, v. Southampton ccVa.; 203 from W. BAYLE'S STORE, t. Stokes co. N. C. 145 m. NW. from Raleigh. BAY OF ISLANDS, there are several bays in different parts of the world so called ; vii. Ist, on the west coast of Newfoundland ; 2d, in the straiU of Magellan ; 3d, on tlie NE, BEAM'S STATION, t (iraiiger eo. Temi. .30 III. NE. I'rinii l\iio.'" A REAR LAKF, onn of (lio nourocM of ilu: MiflHJHHippi, nlmiit Int. i^^ t20' N. HKAll KIVKW, r. N. Ainrricn, whirl. riiiiH into the MiKHiHHiiipi, Ion. !)!2' It' W. Int. II 20' N. BKAni'-R KIVF.R. S.r nrarrr. m]\H\A'.\"S CIM'.F-'.K. r. Ky "liirh ninn jnto the Ohio, Inn. KJ .IV W . Ii.i. .'»n :I.V \. nil ATT! lis HUM), I. r.iiKohi ny. \. C. HIlArCIIAHNOIS ISI.i:, in iIm \. .asl- rrly part of l,«kc .SiiiHrior, not n jfniil wiiy fVotn the »li(irc, nnd onNtwiird of IhIc ll(iC(|unrt. I)KAl'('I n).S. from Charles- ton, and .'58 N. from Savannah. Ifs liarl)or is deep nnd spacious. Here is a chartered col- lege, but in a languishing state. Lat 'iii° 25' N. Ion. .3= .30' W. from W. BEAUFORT, seaport t. and capital Carteret CO. N. C. on Gore Sound, 41 ni. .*<. from New- bcrn. Vessels drawing 14 feet water can as- cend to this place. It is well situated to be- come an extensive depot of trade ; and it is Proposed to connect its sound with the Ncuse, 'ar, nnd Roanoke rivers. BEAUPORT, Seigniory, Quebec co. L. C. nt the mouth of the Montmorcnci river, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. BEAURIVAGE, r. L. C. enters the Chau. dierc about 4 m. above its mouth. BE.\UVAIS, r. N. America, which runs into lake Michigan. Lon. 85^ 36' W. ; lat. 43° 50' N. BEAVER, or Bearer, r. N. H. which rises in Londonderry, and runs S. into tlic Merri- mack, in Draeut. BEAVER, CO. W. side of Penn. ; bounded N. by Merecr co. E. l)y Butler co. SW. by Alleghany co. S, by Washington co. nnd W. ],, Ohio state. Pop. t>4,90(J. (Iiirf toH-n, Iknvc riowii. IIMWIIR, or Hrrrrtoti, i\\v chief litwn of this eoniily, i"< filiinte iit (he jiiiirlion of th,' Beaver river with the Ohio, near the < i nirc of tho eountv, iilt) \V. bv X. of llarrihiiurp. BEAVKR, t. Crawfi.rd eo. I'n. ni; AVER, t. NorlJnmilierland co. IVnn. \\. of the SuN<|iii hiintiali. IlivW i:i{ DAM, V. Delaware CO. \. Y. BKA V KR, t. ( ;rren eo. ( )hio ; Hi m. W NW PiltNliurtr. HEAVER, t. Columbia co. Ohio. HEAVMR, rmlr, f. lienvfT eo. Pn. BEAVER Cin:EK, r. K(n. which run. into the CuinlHiland, lon. HCt^ 12' W. lat. .Hi :iV N. BIOAVER, Smith, t. Beaver co. Penn. BEAVER CREEK, r. Alab. which T\m into the Tennessee, lon. 87° ."iO' W. lut. 'M :w N. BEAVER CREEK, t. Northumberland co Pn. W. the Susquelmnnah. BEAVER CREEK, r. N. Y. which runi. .SW. into the Papaehton ; .3.'i m. long. BEAVER CRE1:K riws in the lownsiii;. of (^listor, U. C. and rimning through part ni f Jainsliorongh, empties itself into Wellnnd, i" which river it nuis close, and nearly jiaralVL for almost 4 m. before it discharges. BEAVER CREEK, in the t. of Humlv stone, runs into Lake Erie N. of Row's I'nii^t, VA'. BEAVER CREEK runs into Lake Hwy- rior on the N. hide, between river Aujiic uiil river Rouge, U. C. BEAVER CREEK, t. Madison co. N. V P.) ni. W. from Albany. ni:A\ ER CREEK, mill .'••trenm, Clark cp Ohio, rmming northwardly info Buck creek, . litfle distiince aliove Springfield. BEAVER CREEK, nnme of a errek rir iiing into the W. side of Little Minmi rivrr, i"^^ (ireen CO. Ohio. BEAVER CREEK, also the nnme of i township situated on the above stream, "i Green co. Poj). 1820, .3h'4. BEAVER, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. IM^ 70!!, and in 1820, 7.^)7. BEAVER RIVER empties itself info ll^ Narrows, n litfle l)elow the Falls of St. Mary' running fnnn N. to S. U. ( '. BEAVER, eo. Pn. on l)oth sides of Oh> river, having pnrtof the state of f)hio W., .Mir ccr N. Butler E. Alkghnny SE. and Wasli- ingfon S. It is about 40 m. in length ahmi; the state of Ohio, with a mean breadth "' 1.5 m. ; area fiOO sq. ms. ; features hilly ami broken ; soil generally, however, fertile, and well wooded and watered. Chief town, Beaver, cap. Lat. 40° 50' N. lon. W. 3° 20' W. BEAVER, BifT, or Mahoning, r. which rise* in Portage eo. Ohio, passes into Pcimsylvanii and joins the Ohio, at Bcavertown. BEAVER, Little, r. Columbiana co. Ohii\ which runs S. into the Ohio near the line ot Ohio and Pennsylvania; 43 m. below Pitt-'- burg. It aftbrds many excellent mill-seat.^. Near the mouth of this river there is a spring, BRA-BKI) 18ft oil in. r en. I'n. vrn. which run* > 12' W. lal. 3i; orthumbf riand c Mndison co. N. \ • ,. Ohio. Pop. 1''1" rmin which iMiim nn M, ca.\M Scnrcii oil, which in hijrhly inllniiuiinhir, ond ix um(l() were in the villa|re. The [topiilalion in now 7,.'>f(2. It conlaiiiN nn inNiiriuire oliice, 3 banks, 10 chiirciM's, and 7 niamif.ictoriiH lor s|M'rniacrti candleN. The harbor in mile and coiiiiiKxIioiis, ha\inu a depth of water of from 3 to 4 fathoiiiN. The shippini; lM'liitii;iiii; to this |)ort amounts to (10,000 tons, nl)<)iit 10,000 of which is employed in the whale lishery. Beiiip HurrouiKJed hy a country wliiih fur- iiislics but lew arlielcH of ex|K)rt, the proH|)er- ity of the town de|Kii(lM much on the whale fmliery. The ex|Mirls to l'!iiro|H' and (lie West IiKJiiH f()r two years, emliiijj .luiie .30, ]Kl>^, nverajfed 1.30,000 dollars each; of which s|M'riii and whale oil, s|)eriii eaiidles, fish and lish oil, constituted the jrreatest pari. Theni are several rop<--walks, and ship-building is carried on to a considerable exti lit. BEDFORD, ix.r. v. and cap. of Bedford ro. I'll. alKiut IH!» ni. W. of Philadelphia, ;»1 E. hv S. of Pittsbiircr, and 150 NW. from W. 'iHie situation of this tr)wn is extrenwly rtt. mantie, being siirrounilcd by nioiintains. It is now miieli frecpiented in llie siinimer season on necoiint of the miner.il springs in its neigh Imrhoml. Pop. in iHlO, 541, and in 1H20, 7H!). The co. was divided from Cum. lK>rland, and Bedford erected into a county town, March 1771. BEDFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. .W m. from Boston. Pop. 1,.')54. BEDFORD, t. .Middlebiiry co. Mass.; If. m. NW. from Boston. Pop. (JM. BEDFORD, CO. Pa. having Md. S. Somer- set W. Cambria NW. Huntingdon NE. and Fr.i/iklin SE. Lengtii .W ni. mean breadth, alKiut 31; containing l,(iOO sfj. ms. ; surthee extremely diversified by mountains, hills, and valleys; soil equally varied: in general roeky and barren in the inoipifnins, but fertile and well watered in the valleys. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, and salted provisions. It is very |)roduetivc in excellent iron, and pfis- sesses some ininerul coal, 'i'he sfirings near Bedford have become a [dace of fashionable resort in the months of July, August, and SeptemlMT. ('hief town, Bedford. Pop. ■'vi,(I3ti BEDFORD, t Bedford co. Pa. Pop. in 1820, 1,.321. BEDFORD, V. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. BEDFORD, CO. Va. having Franklin SW- Botetourt W. and NW. Rockbridge N. Am- hcrst NE. Campbell SE. and Pittsylvania S. It is 30 m. in Icngtli, by a mean breadth of 22 ; area 660 sq. ms. separated by tiic Blue Ridge from Botetourt co. A jMirt of Bedford is mountainous; it is, in general, however, hilly, and moderately fertile. Staples, tobacco and grain. Chief town. Liberty. Pop. 20,253, of whom 8,7!)0 were slaves. BEDFORD, E. part of Biwklyn, N. Y. BEDFORD, t, West-Chester co. N. Y.; 44 m. NNE. from New York, 130 S. from Al- bany, and 272 from W. Pop. 2,750. The village contains n court-ho;isc, a jail, an academy, and a Presbyterian meeting-house. \W'' , I i,;: '.A 100 BED— BEl. 'I'y '"i:' US}' EM if Wi\, *^*'-^ ^ (« i» i / tj W' I Tlie court', of Uic county arc held allcrnalily nt Bedford, and al Wliitc Plains. BEDFORD, V. in the northern part of Henry co Ken. 12 mi. SE. from Port William, at the mouth of Ken. r. and 40 N\V. i'rorn Frankfort. BEDFORD, V. Cayahoga co. Ohio, 184 m. NE. from CVilnmbus. BEJiUORA, CO. of Ten. on Duck river, having Maury W., Williamson NW. Ruther- ford N. Warren NE., Franklin SK. and Lin- coin S. Staples, cotton and small grain. Chief town, Shelbvville. Pop. l(i,012. BEDMhS'STER, t. Sussex co. N. .T.; 13 m. SE. from Morristown. litre is an academy. BEDMINSTER, t. Somerset co. N. J. BEDMINSTER, t Bucks co. Pa. BECKMAN, t. Dutchess co. N. Y.; 12 m. E. from Hudson city. This township con- tains 6 houses of public worship. Po|). 1,584. BEELIN'S FERRY, v. Cumljcrland co. Pa. ; 144 ni. from W. BEECH GROVE, t. E. Felici!.na parish. La. BEECH HILL, t. Jackson co. Ten. 70 ni. NE. from Nashville. BEECH PARK, t. Gallatin co. Ken. by the post-road, 48 m. N. from Franl.ibrt. BEEKMAN, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 10 m. E. from Pouglikeej)sie. Pop. 1,58-i. BEEKMANTOWN, t. Clinton co. N. Y. Pop. 2,3.91. BEEKMANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. York. BEEKMANTOWN, v. Clinton cr N. Y. 173 m. N. from Albany. BEELING'S FERRY, v. of Cumberland •CO. Pa. BEERING, or Bherimr's Strait, ilm nar- row sea between the W. coast of N. America, und the E. coast of Asia. It is 13 leagues wide, in tlie narrowest part, between the cajjcs Prince of Wales, and Tchukotskoi. The Arctic Circle passes this strait, a little N. of the narrowest part. BEERING'S, formerly Admiralty Bay, NW. coast of N. America. Lon. 02=' W. lat. 59° 20' N. BEESLEY'S, t Cape May co. N. J. 1 05 m. 3. from Trenton. BEL-AIR, or Bellair, t. and cap. Harford CO. Md. ; 23 m. NNE. from Baltimore, and (iS from W. It contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist mcctmg-housc, and an academy. BELCHERTOWN, t. Hampshire eo. Mass. 15 m. ESE. from Northampton, 80 W. from BoHton, and 400 from W. It is a pleasant town. Pop. 2,491. BELFAST, s-p. Waldo co. Maine ; 12 m. NW. from Caetinc, 224 NE. from Boston, and 641 from W. Lat. U^ 25' N. It is delight- fully situated on Belfast bay, ot the mouth of a small river of the same name, and at the NW. part of Penobscot bay. It has a good harbor and great maritime advantages, and is .a flourishing town. Pop. 3,077. BELFAST, t. Bedford co. Pa. BELFAST, v. Laurens district, S. C; 559 •m. from W. BELLFONTAINE, a small town and seat c- Lawrence r. ii4 o. Ohio, strict, S.C; 471 ER, r. N. II. d flows into the he Atlantic near 35' W. lat. 333 nd military post, of the Missouri, from St. Louis. 1 barracks, sutli- ■n. 1 cap. Centre co. |3H WNW. from W. It has an I of boat naviga- egularly laid out, leniy, tlic county ited in a fertile li America at tlip New Britain and straits take also 21° 33' W. from ns into St. Clair, ices, and is navi- otte CO. Pa. 8 m. iW. by W. from !inent of Wash- district ; it con- co. N. J. ; 5 m. c river. At this nd dying manii- c calico-printing 7,000,000 yards. ;o. Va. on the Icll of Lee's creek. CO. Oliio. nd CO. Oliio, on creek. adc Water r. in CO. licn. 200 ni. uh CO. Ala. 70 ni. 100 m. S. from C. in Surry co. rence,22ni.NE. ewbury, Mass. 1 St Clair co. II. 15 E. from Caho- kia, ."iO N. from Kaskaskia, and 992 from \V. It is surrounded by a rich country, which is rapidly increasing in population. BFJ.LEVILLE, v. Mitllin co. Pa. 139 m. from W. BKLLFIELD, t. Greensville co. Va. on tlie i\Iilierrin, opiKjsite Ilicksibrd ; 45 m. .^ from Petersburg. DELLINGHAM.t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. SW. from Boston. Vo\). 1,101. IJELLONA, arsenal aj>d t. CMicsterfield, Va. 10 Ml. NE. fro>i) Lexington. I5ELLOWS FALLS, a catoract in the sor NE. Windham E. Berkshire in Mass. S. and Washington co. i'.. Y. W. It is 40 ni. in length, with a mean width of 17 m. area 680 8(1. ms. ; its features arc hilly in general, and in part mountainous. At Mount Anthony tlicre is a cave containing many Inauliful ptitrifac- tions. Staples, flour, siilted provisions, and lumber. Chief town, Bennington. Pop. 1820, 16,125 ; lf^30, 17,470. BENNINGTON, chief town of Bennington CO. Vt. 36 m. NE. from Albany, 36 W. from Brattleborougli, 33 N. from Pittsfield, in Mass. It is famous tor a victory obtained here, Aug. Connecticut between Walpole and Rocking- Kith, 1777, by tlie troops of the U. S. under ham, consisting of several pitches in a very '(ien. Starke, over a delaehment of the British narrow strait of the river. A large rock here! army, or rather Hessians, under Cols. Baum divides the streaui into two channels, each !I0 and |{reyman, whicii was a prelude to the de- feet wide, but when the river is low the whole current is thrown into the western channel, eisivc; victory at Saratoga, by which Gen. Bur- goyne and all iiis army submitted to the U. S. where it is contracted to 16 feet and rushes army imder (Jen. (tates. The princi|Nil public with astonishing rapidity. A bridge is buili , edifices are a church, court-house, and jail. It over these falls, and a canal passes round tliem. BELLOWS FALLS, v. in the township of Rockingham, Vt. opiwsitc the falls ; 5 m. NVV.I from Wuljiole, 26 S. from Windsor, and 1.52 1 from W. It is a flourishing village, and con- tains an Ei)iseopal church, a i)rinting.oflice, a pa|)er-miil, an oil-mill, and other mills. HELLVILLE, v. in the NE. part of Rock- bridge CO. Va. 10 m. NE. from Lexington, and 151 W. from Richmond. BELIiVUE, extensive prairie of La. in the Opelousas. It lies between the waters of the Techc and Vermilion, and those of tlie Mci'- nientau r. BELMONT, v. Hancock co. Me. 97 m. NE. from Portland. BELMONT, v. Wayne co. Miss. 168 m. from St Charles. BELIMONT, t. Waldo eo. Me. 20 m. W. from Castinc. Pop. 1,024. BELMf)NT, CO. Ohio, iiaving Uic Ohio r. E. Monroe co. S. Guernsey W Harrison and .lefferson N. Staples, grain and salted pro- vi.sions. Chief town, Woodficld. Pop. 24,412, BELPRE, t Washington co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 14 m. SW. from Marietta, 319 from W. It is a pleasant town BELVIDERE, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the wiiters of La MocUe r. 38 m. N. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 185. BELVIDERE, t. Warren eo. N. J. on the Delaware, at the mouth of Pcqucst r. 11 m. NNE. fronj Easton, 54 from Trenton, 208 from W. It is a handsome village, has valuable mills, and is the scat of justice for the county. Here is a bridge over the Delaware. BENEDICT, t. Charles co. Md. on W. side of the Patuxcnt ; 68 m. SW. from Baltunore, 48 from W. BENGAL, t Oneida co. N. Y. on Uie NE. side of Oneida lake, 423 m. from W. It lies on the W. side of Rome, between Fish creek and Constantia. BENJAMINV'LLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. ► 299 m. fVom W. BENNINGTON, co. Vt. forming tlie SW. angle of that state, having RuQaiid N. Wind- lies in lat. 42^ 52' N. and Ion. 3^ 56' E. from W. Pop. .3,419. BENNINGTON, v. Mercer co. Pa. on the Shenango, (iO m. NNW. from Pittsburg. BENNINGTON, t. in the NE. quarter of Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 1820, 412. BENNINGTON, t Licking co. Ohio. BENNINtJTON, v. St Clair co. Ala. 163 m. N. from Cahalm. BENNINGTON, t Genesee co. N. Y. 15 m. SW. from Batavia. Pop. 796. BENNSVILLE, v. Cliarles co. Md. 8 m. from Piscataway, 23 from W. BENSALEM, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the NW. side of the Delaware, SW. from Bristol. BENSBOROUGH, v. Pitts co. N.C. 60 m. SE. from Raleigh, 278 from W. BENSON, t. Rutland co. Vt. E. lake Cham- plain, 62 m. S. from Burlington, 446 from W. Pop. 1,493. BENT CREEK, v. Buckingham co. Va. 222 m. from W. BENTINCK POINT, the NE. point of Hcnchenbrook island, NW. coast of America. Lon. 214' 24' E. ; lat. 60=^ 28' N. BENTINCK'S ARMS, two branches of an inlet on tlie NW. coast of America. Lon. 233" to 233° 21' E. ; lat. 52° to 52° 25' N. BENTLEYVILLE, v. Halifax co. N.C; 275 m. from W. BENTON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side of Seneca lake, 339 m. from W. It lies on W. side of Jerusalem. BENTON, t. Scott co. Mis. 165 m. from St. Louis. BENTON, North, v. Ontario co. N. Y. BERGEN, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 437 m. from W. Pop. 1,508. BERGEN, CO. N. J. bounded NNE. by New York, E. by tlie Hudson, S. and SW. by Essex and Morris cos. and W. by Sussex co. Pop. 22,4l4. Chief town, Ilackensack. BERGEN, t Bergen co. N.J. near the mouth of the Hudson, 3 m. W. from New York, 88 NE. from Philadelphia. Lon. 74° 55' W.; lat. 40° 44' N. BERKHAxMSTEAD, t. Litchfield co. Ct. The lands are rough and broken. Pop. 1,715. 102 BER— BER ?^ . ;). ^A •if.. ■ ■ I 'L-, i.fc fr' HI |.i ilr^' 1 Riff-N, i^ r t BERKLEY, t. BriHtol co. Mass. ; 5 m. S. from Taunton, 36 S. from Boston, 484 from W. Pop. 907. BERKLEY, or Sandtnwn, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 14 ni. from Philadelphia. BERKLEY, co. Va. bounded N. by the Po- tomac, E. by Jefferson co. S. by Frederick co. and W. by Hampsliirc co. Pop. 10,528. Chief town, Martinsburg. BERKLEY SPRINGS, t. Berkley co. Va. 110 m. from W. These springs arc near the town of Bath. The waters arc usetid to per- sons laboring under the jaundice, or affections of the liver. They are finely situated, and much resorted to by gay and fashionable peo- ple, as well as by invalids. BERKLEY'S SOUND, *^W. coast of Ame rica, 70 ni. SE. from Nootka Sound. BERKS, CO. Pa. on the Schuylkill. Pop. 53,357. This is one of the most fertile coun- ties in Pa. Chief town, Reading. BERKSHIRE, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Uie Missisque r. 3d m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,308. BERKSHIRE, CO. Mass. the VV. part of the state. Pop. 37,825. Chief town, Jjcnox. It is crossed from N. to S. by tlie Green moun- tains. Quarries of marble arc opened in Stoekbridgc, Sheffield, Lancsborough, and other places. BERKSHIRE, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 210 m. SW. from' Albany. Pop. 1,683. BERKSHIRE, t. Delaware co. Ohio, 10 m. E. from Doluwarc, 23 N. from Columbus. BERKSHIRE VALLEY, v. Morris co. N.J. BERLIN, t. Worcester co. Mass.; 14 m. NNE. from Worcester, 23 W. from Boston. Pop. G92. BERLIN, t. Washington co. Vt. 3 m. SSW. from Mont|M'litT. Pop. 1,664. BERLIN, t. Hartford co. Ct. 11 m. S. from Hartford, 23 N. from Hew Haven, on tlie turn- pike road between tlicse two cities. It is di- vided into three parisiics, Worthington, Ken- niugton, and New Britain. Pop. 3,038. Wor- thington is the principal seat of the manufac- ture of tin ware, which is carried on by ped- lars to a very great extent. The pedlars set off in the autumn in wagons loaded witli the tin ware, together witli other artjcles of mer- chandise, and proceed chielly to the southern and western states. Workmen are also sent out by water with a sufficient quantity of the raw materials to employ them during tlie win- ter, and establish themselves in different towns in the interior. To them the pedlar resorts, when his stock is exhausted, for a fresh sup- ply. In this way a large amount of goods is sold during the six or eight months that tJiey arc absent, and their tin ware is thus distrib- uted in all parts of the United States. BERLIN, t. Adams co. Pa. 13 m. W. from York, 100 W. fi-om Philadelphia, 89 from W. BERLIN, t. Somerset co. Pa. 30 m. WSW. from Bedford, 240 W. from Philadelphia, 194 fromW. BERLIN, t Rensselaer co. N. Y. 20 m. E. from Albany. Pop. 2,019. BERLIN, New, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. ENE. from Norwich, 90 W. from Albany, 355 from W. Pop. 1,632. BERLIN, New, t. Union co. Pa. ; 174 m. from W. BERLIN, t. Huron co. Ohio, 83 m. N. from Columbus. BERLIN, Coshocton co. Ohio. BERLIN, Delaware co. Ohio. BERLINSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. 207 m. from W. BERMUDA HUNDRED, small settlement on a point of land between the junction of tlio Appomatox with James river, 2 m. N. from City Point, 22 by land and upwards of 50 by the river ESE. from Richmond. BERMUDAS, or Smnera' Islands, a cluster of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, in num- ber about 400, but for the most part so small and barren, that they have neither inhabitants nor name. 200 leagues distant from Cape Hattcras in N. Carolina, which last is the nearest land to them. They extend from NE. to SW. about 45 m. Their whole coast is sur- rounded with rocks. The N. point of tlie islands lies in lat. 32° 34' N.; Ion. 63=' 28' W. The largest of these islands are St. George; which is 4 or 5 m. long and 2 broad ; St. Da- vid. Cooper, Ireland, Somerset, Long Island, Bird Island, and Nonesuch. On the first tfiire is a town, containing about 300 houses. The winter is hardly jjcrceptible here. The fields and trees are clad in perpetual green, and so salubrious is the air, that invalids frequently come hither for the recovery of their health. The Bermudas contain from 10,000 to 12,000 acres of jjoor land, of which nine parts in ten arc either uncultivated, or reserved in woods for the supplying of timber for building small ships, slooj)s, and shallops for sale ; this being the prineij)al cmploynacnt of the inhabitants. Pop. estimated at 10,381 ; 5,462 of whom are whites, and 4,919 are blacks. They have two harvests of Indian com in the year, one in July, the other in December. They likewise cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sufficient for their wants. BERMUDIAN, v. York co. Pa. 48 m. S. from IJarrisburg. BERN, t. Albany co. N. Y. 20 m. W. from Albany, 397 from W. This township contains 5 houses for public worship. BERN, t. Somerset co. N. Y. BERN, Upper, t. Berks co. Pa. BERN, Lower, t. Berks co. Pa. BERN, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. BERNARDSTON, t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. N. from Greenfield, 96 WNW. from Boston, 413 from W. Here is a quarry of marble. BERNARDSTOWN, t. Somerset co. N.J. Pop. 1,879. BERNE, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the Hock- hocking, 3 m. W. from Lancaster. BERNER'S BAY, on the NW. coast of America, between Point Bridget and Point St Mary. Lat. 58° 43 J' N. BERR Y-HILL-BLUFF, v. Putnam co. Geo. BERRYSBURG, v. Dauphin co. Pa. 28 m. ^ from Harrisburg. BERRY'S FERRY, over the Shenandoah, BER— llEU 103 o. Pa. 48 m. S. the Shenandoah, and t Frederick co, Va. on the road from jA'esburp to Winchester, 58 ni. VV. from VV. BERRY'S LICK, v. Ix)gan co. Ken. 745 ni. from W. UERRYSVILT.E, v. Chnrles co. Md. fJERRYSVlLLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N.C. -ICO m. from W. HKRTHIER, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. I,. C"un:ula, on tiie N. Hiiore of the St Lawrence, Iti III. NE. from Montreal, 50 SW. from Three iiivirs. 'I'lie viilanfc contains at least 80 liouses, ,111(1 many gniiiurics, and storo-houpcs of Brit- ish inaniithctnred goods. The neighboring country in thriving and populous, and from it hiri'c (iiiantities of grain are annually exported. iJERTIIIER, seigniory, llertlbrd co. L.C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 in. E. fioMi tiuebec. BEliTIE, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on lake Erie, i.l its eastern extremity, having Niagara r. on tlio cast, BERTIE, CO. N. C. on the Roanoke, at its entrance into Albemarle Sound. Pop. 12^16. Chief town, Windsor. BERWICK, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon Fall r. IG m. NW. from Portsmouth. Tiie village extends about 2 m. along the r. and ear- rit's on a considerable trade, chieily in lumber. IJcrwick has an aciidcniy. Pop, 3,lfiH, BI'^.RWICK, South, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon Fall r. 12 m. NW. from York, 17 N. by W, from Portsmouth. At the landing at the loot of the falls is a flourit.hing village. BERWICK, t. Columbia, co. Pa. on the E. liranch of the Susquehannali, opposite the falls in Ncscofieck creek, 22A ni. above Sunbury. HERWICK, or AhLotstown, Adams co. Pa. 41 m. SW. from Harrisburn". Bi:SBOROU(iniSLANI),inNorton Sound, on the N W. coast of America. Jiat. 63= 10' N. BETFIABARA, t. Stokes co. N.C. 4 m. SE. Iroiii Bethania ; remarkable lor being the first s,'tlli'iiier.t of the Moravians in tiiat section of the U.S.; liegun in 1753. BETHANIA, or Bethany, t. Stokes co. N,(\ 1 m. N W, from Bethabarn,"i) N W. from Salem, 10 SW. from Gerinantown, 368 from W. It is a Moravian town. BETHANY, t, Genesee co. N. Y. 3!)7 ni. from W, Pop. 2,374. BETHANY, t. and cap. Wayne co. Pa. 50 m. NE. from Wilkcsbarre, 279 from W. BETHANY (CHURCH, t, Iredell co. N.C. 170 m. W. from Raleigh. BETHEL, t. Oxford co. Mamc, 18 m. NW, from Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston, .5!»3 from W. BETHEL, t. Windsor co. Vt. 2y m. NNW. from Windsor. BETHEL, t. SuHivan co. N. Y. 60 m. W. from Newburg, 307 from W. BETHEL, t, Bedford co. Pa. BETHEL, t. Berks co. Pa. BETHEL, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 20 m. NW. fioni Strafford, 26 a little N. of W. from New Haven. BETHEL, t. Lebanon co. Pa. I'.ETHEL, t, Huron co. Ohio. BETHEL, t, York co. Mahie, chiefly on the >^. bonk of the Androscoggin r, . BETilEL, t. Delaware co. Pa. 1!F:THEL, t, Dauphin co. Pa. at the foot of the Blue iiiKimt.'iin. BETI II ;L, t. Miami CO. Ohio. BE'I'HEL, t. C;iermont co. Ohio, 656 m. from W. BETHET,, t. Clark co. Ohio. B1:THLEHEM, t Grafton co. N. II. 69 m. N. from Concord. BETHLEHEM, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 8 m. below Albany. In this town two remarkable caves have lately been dis- covered. BETHLEHE:M, t, Ilunterdon co. N. J. on a branch of the Raritan, Pop. 1820, 2,002. BETHLEHEM, t. Northampton co. Pa. on the Lehigb, 12 in. SW. from Eiiflton, 53 N. from Philadelphiri. It is a settlement of the Mora- vians or United Brethren. The FJtuation is hcalthfiU and pleasant, and in summer is fre- quented by travellers Irom various places, 'i'licre are two boarding scliofils, one for young buiics, and the other for boys, which are in high repute, and receive many scholars from New York, Philadelphia, and other ports of the United States. BETHLEHEM, f. Ogletliorpe co. Geo. 65 m. NNE. fiom Millcdgeville. BETHLEHEIM, t. Clarke co. In. 100 m. S. from Indianapolis. BETHLEHEM, East, t. Washington co. Pa. on the Monongahela. BETHLEHEM, Weat, t, W^ashington co. Pa. BETHLEHEM, t. Stark co, Ohio. BETHT-EHEM'S CREEK, or Vlaman't kill, N. Y. runs into tlie Hudson, 7 ni. below Albany. BETHLEHEM-CROSS-ROADS, v. South- ampton CO. Va. BETHLEM, t Litchfield co. Ct 9 m. S. from Litchfield, 32 NNW. from New Haven. Pop. 906. BETHSAIDA, v. Jones co. Geo. 25 m. W. from Milledgcvillc. BETTSBHRG, v. in .Teruaalem, Chenango CO. N. Y. 307 m. from W. BEVERLY, t, and s-p, Essex co, Mass. 1} m. N, from Salem, 16 NNE. from Boston, 453 from W. It is connected with Salem by a bridge 1,500 feet in length. It contains seve- ral meeting-houses, a bank, and an insurance office. It is a place of considerable trade, and is largely concerned in the fisheries. Pop. 4,07f). BEVERLY, t and cap. Randolph co. Va. 50 m, W. by N. from Frankhn, 280 WNW. from Richmond, 129 from W. It is handsome- ly situated between two branches of Tygart's Valley r, and is laid out in 3 parallel streets. It contains a brick court-house, a jail, and is a place of considerable business, BEVERLY, t. York co. U. C. SW. from York, BEUF RIVER, r, of N, A. which runs into the Mississippi. Ikju. 91° 34' W.; lat 39o l.V N. BEUr RIVER, r. of N. A. which runs into the .Missouri. Lon. Dl" 45' W. ; lat. 38" 25' N. 194 BEU— BIiM Mi.. BEULA, small t. Cambria co. Pa. planted chiefly by emigrants from Wales, (G. B.) about 60 m. E. from Pittsburfr. BIBB, CO. Alu. bounded N. l)y Shelby, E. by Coosa r. 8. by Autauj(n and Ptrry, and W. l>y Tuscaloosa. Caliaba r. passes tliroupli tills county, and the 33' N. lat. and 10° of Ion. W. from W. intercepts in its western part. Pop. 6,305. BIBB, C. II. and t. Bibb co. Ala. 35 m. SE. by E. from Tuscaloosa. BIC, 6ei;^niory, t'ornwallis co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 153 iii. below Quebec. BICHE MARIAS A LA, empties itself mto lake Ontario, at the NE. part of the t. of Grantham, U.C. . BICKLEY'S STORE, t. Abbeville district, S. C. 100 m. W. from Columbus. BIDDEFORD, t. and s-]). York co, Maine, njar tlie mouth of the Saco, on W. side ojipo- Bite Saco, 27 m. ^E. from York, 105 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,9<)5. BIDDLE, lake, one of the sources of Big'- horn r. Is laid down on McUish's map ; it is at 42° 40' N. lat. ; Ion. 32' 40 W. from W. BIENVENU, a bayou in the parish of Or- leans, Lou. running E. into lake Uorgne. By this channel the British army reached the Mis- sissippi in Dec. 1814, when marching upon New Orleans. BIEKA, or Crah, one of the Virgin Islands, 9 m. ESE. from Porto Rico. Lon. 65^ 15' W. Lat. 18= N. BIGBAY SETTLEMENT, v. Illinois, 868 m. from W. BIGBLACK, r. Mississippi, runs SW. 170 ra. and falls into the Mississippi at the Great Gulf^ 50 m. above Natchez. It is navigable in wet seasons 70 m. BIGBLUE, r. Indiana, runs into tlic Ohio, about 16 m. W. from Corydon. BIGBONE CREEK, Ken. runs N. into the Ohio, 40 m. below Cincinnati. Bigbone Licks is 8 m. above its mouth, and is a tract of land on each side of tlie r. furrowed by the tongues of the buflaloes and deer, who lick it for the salt with which it is impregnated. It receives its name from the bones of some enormous animal which were found here. BIG CREEK, a branch of the LoosaHatchie r. Shelby co. Ten. BIGDRY, r. N. A. which runs into the Mis- souri, 25 ni. from Bigdry Creek. BIGDRY CREEK, r. N. A. which runs into tlie Missouri, 150 m. W, of the Yellowstone. BIG-EAGLE, t. Scott co. Ken. 25 ra. from Frankfort. BIG EDDY, r. Ken. which runs into the Cumberland. BIG FLAT, V. in the t. of Elmira, Tioga co. N. Y. 288 m. from W. BIG HACHY, r. Ten. and Mis. rises in the latter, and flowing NW. enters Henderson and Madison cos. in the former ; gradually turns W. and falls in the Mississippi r. ; lat. 35° 30' N. BIGHORN, r. N. A. rises in the Rocky mountains, near the sources of the Platte, and falls into the Yellowstone at Manuel's forf, Itii length is 800 m. In its course it receives two considerable rivers, one from the W. and one from tlie S. called Little Bighorn r. It in unobstructed by falls, and Is navigable to a great distance in canoes, through a rich open country. BIGHORN, Little, r. N. A.; E. branch of the Bighorn. BKi LIC:K, v. Botetourt co. Va. 2GG m. from W. BKi Ml'DDY CRE|]K, v. Randolph co, Illinois, 853 m. from W. BIG Pl{ Al \U E, t. near Wooster, Wayne co. Ohio, !)() m. NE. from (Jolumbus. BKiPRAIRIE, 1. New Madrid co. Miso. BIGRIVEIJ, t. St. fJciicvievc co. Miso. BKJUIVER, t. .Icflbrson co, Miso. BIGRIVER MILLS, t. St. Francis co. Miso. 90 III. from St. Charles. BIGROCK, t. Delaware co. Ohio. BKjROt'K, t. Puliiski co. .^\jkansas, extends 80 m. along Arkansas r. BIG-SAN IW, creek, Geo. runs into the Oc- onee, about 20 m. above Dublin. BIG SANDY, r. rises in the Alleghany mountains, near the heads of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and falls into tlie Ohio r. between Virginia and Kentucky. It is the boundary between these states lor nearly 200 m. It Is navigable to the Wascioto mountalnfi. The east branch joins tlie south or main stream 40 m. above Its entrance into the Ohio. The mouth of Little Sandy river is 20 m. be- low that of Big Sandy. BKt SCIOUX, r. falls Into the MIssc ri from the N. 882 m. above its mouth. BIG-SPRINGS, v. Washington co. Md. 61) m. from W. BIG-SUGAR CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa. 328 m, from W. BIG-SWAMP, t. Montgomery co. Alab. 50 m. I'/, from Cahawba. BIG WALNUT CREEK, large easterly branch of Scioto river, rises in the NE. angle of Delaware co. Ohio. Its course Is nearly S. 50 m. through Delaware, across Franklin, into the N. border of. Pickaway co. where it joins the Scioto. BILL-BIRD'S-KEY, i. in the Spanish Main, on the Musquito Shore. Lon. 82° 54' W. lat. 12° IG' N. BILLERICA, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1!) ni. NNW. from Boston, 456 from W. Pop. 1,374. It is watered by the Concord and Shawshcen rivers, and is a pleasant and considerable town. BILLIMEAD, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the sources of Passamsick river. BILLINGSPORT, v. N. J. on the r. Dela- ware, about 12 m. below Philadelphia. Here was a fortification during the war of Indepen- dence, which defended the channel of the river, imtll captured after an obstinate defence. BILLUPS, v. Dinwiddle co. Va.; 156 m. from W. BIMINI, one of the Bahama islands, near the channel of Bahama, 8 m. in length, and as much in breadth. It is very woody, and difli- cult of access on account of the shoals, but it BTN— BLA 105 7. Randolph co. runs into the Oc ima islands, near in lengtli, and as woody, and diffi- thc shoals, but it i« a very pleHsant pliicc, nnd inhabited by Uic native Americans. Lat. 25^0' N. BINUROOK, t. in Lincoln eo. U. C. be- tween SaUllcct, (ilandibrd and Cii.dtor. UINtJIIAM, t. Soniorsot co. Mu.; 26 m. N. Norriiiirt'wop'i. I'op. 53iS. UlNtiFlA.MPTON, v. and cap. nrnoine co. in liie township ol' t'iienanjio, N. Y. at the junction of tlic Clioiiansro nnd Unadilla; 41) ni. SW. Norwicli, 1 k-i .SW. Albany, 21)5 lioin VV. A weekly newspaper is pnitlislied here. It is a tlourisliinij viliajre, and contains a court- house and jiiil, and has considerable trade. Pop. Lari."}. BINSDY MOUNTAINS, range of moun- tains in N. C. Rlift'H HAY, on the NW. coast of Ameri- ca, in tlie (Jnlf of (icorgia. Lon. 237° 33' I]. lat. 4S3 .53' N. BIRCH STREA:\I, t. Penobscot co. Me. l.iO NE. from Portland. BIRD, small island, or rather rock in the head of Niagara river, between the harbor of Buffalo nnd Fort Erie. , BIRD, t. Brown co. Ohio. BIRDSBOROUOH, t. Berks co. Pa. ; on SW. side of the Schuylkill ; 8 m. SE. Reading. BIRDSTOVVN.v.CapeGirardeau co. Miso.; 939 m. from W. BIRDSVILLE, v. Burke co. Geo. BIR\IIN(iHAM, t. Delaware co. Pa., on E. side Brandywine creek, and bordering on Del- aware. Pop. 686. BIRMINGHAM, t. Centre co. Pa.; 213 m. from W. BIRMINGHAM,t.Chesterco.Pa. Pop.290. BIRMINGHAM, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. on the Little .Tuniatta ; 18 m. NW. Huntingdon. BISC;AY, iVipjr, a name given by the S])an- iards to a part of the W. coast of Mexico ; now incorporated with the intendency of So- nora, Duraniroi and Gnadalaxara. BISCAY, 7iay of, on the S. c^ ist of New- foundland, between Cape Race and Cape Pine. Lon. .53= 6' W. lat. 46^ 50' N. BISC'AYNO, isl. in the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 80= 23' W. lat. 25= 55' N. BISHOPSVILLE,v.Sumpter district, S.C; 60 m. SE. of Columbia. BISTINEAU, lake, in W. part of the state of Louisiana, 30 or 40 m. in length. It com- municates with Red river on the S. and the Dacheet fiows into its N. end. BLAClf BAY, in the Chesapeake, on the coast of Virginia. BLACK BAY, on the N. shore of Lake Superior, lies a little E. of Isle de Minatte, and \V. of Shanguenac, U. C. BLACK CREt:K, Lincoln co. U. C. dis- charges itself into the river Niagara, in the t. of Willoughby, some m. above Chippewa. BLACK CREEK, r. N. J. which runs into the Delaware. BLACK CREEK, r. Geo. which runs into the Savannah. BLACK CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into the Pedee. BLACK CREEK, r. Va. which runs into York river. BLACK'S EDDY, t. Bucks co. Pa. BLACK FOOT INDIANS, on Maria'* river, N. America. BLACK IIEA I'll, r. Monroe co. HI. 110 m. SVV. from Viauhilia. j>LACK HEATH, t. Randolph co. lllinoig. BLACK HORSE, v. Burlington co. N. J. BLAC;K house tavern, v. Chester CO. Pa. BLACK ISLAND, t. Hannah co. Me. BLACK LAKE RIVER, r. Louisiana, which rises in liighlands in NW. part of the stale, pursues a S. course, passes through Black Lake, which is 15 or .20 in. in length, and joins the Saline 8 NE. Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet de Bon Dieu. BLACK LAKE, or Oswegatchie Lake, lake, in St. Lawrence co. N. Y.; 20 ni. long, and 2 broad; S. of Ogdensburg. It is nearly parallel to the St. Lawn-nee, about 4 m. distant. It conmmnicates with the Oswegatchie by an outlet 3 or 4 in. long. BLACK lilCK, t. Indiana co. Pa. BLACK LK^K, r. Ohio which joins Big Walnut river, 10 m. SF). Columbus. BLACKMAN'S STORE, t. Sampson co. N. C. ; 85 m. SSE. from Raleigh. BLACK MOUNTAIN, nit. N. 11. in Peel- ing and liincoln ; NE. of Moosehillock. BLACK RIVER, r. Vt. which rises in Greensborough, and runs into Lake Mem- phremagog. BLACK RIVER, r. S.C. rises in Kenshaw, and flowing SE, crosses Williamsburg, into Georgetown district, and falls into Winyaw Bay at Georgetown. BLACK RIVER, r. Vt. which rises in Ply- mouth, and runs into the Connecticut opposite Charlcstown. BLACK RIVER, r. N. Y. which, after a NW. course of 120 m. flows into Hungary Bay, in Lake Ontario, N. of Sackct's Harbor. It has a passage under ground nearly a mile, at a distance of a few miles from its mouth. BLACK RIVER, r. N. C. which runs SSE. into Cape Fear river, 23 ni. above Wilmington. BLACK RIVER, a name eiven to the Ou- achitta, aflcr the junction of the Tensaw and Ocatahoola. Its course from the junction to its union with Red river, is very winding, and is 30 rn. in length. BLACK RIVER, Big, r. Mis. which rises between the head waters of the Yazoo and Pearl river, and pursuing a SW. course of alxjut 170 m. flows into the Mississippi above the Grand Gulf. Lat. 32= 2' N. BLACK RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Erie, 27 ni. W. of the Cuyahoga. BLACK RIVER, r. S.C. which runs into the Pedee, lon. !)!)= 5' W. lat. 33= 29' N. BliACK RIVER, r. America, which runs into Lake Michigan. BLACK RIVER, t. Huron co. Ohio. BLACK RIVER, Michigan Territory, runs W. into Lake Michigan, N. of tJie river St Joseph's. BLACK RIVER, Lou. formed by the junc tion of the Ocatahoola, Washitau, and Ten- saw, flows S. by a very circuitous channel of i ' 'I i-;t 106 BLA— BLA -I • '#*: 40 m. and fulls into Red river 30 ni. tilmw iU mouth. BL A( ;K RIVER, Miso. rises near the sources of the Merrimack nnd the (Jnucoiinde, and running in a southerly direction is joined by Current, Thomas, Sprinir, and Strawl)crrv, large rivers from the wtsf, after which it flows into the Arkansas Territory nnd iiiiit( s with the White river 50 m. Itelow the town of Lawrence. It is navigable more than 100 ni. for large boats. It flows througli a very fer- tile eonntry. BLACK RIVER, t. Wayne co. Miso. BLACK ROC'K, v. Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niagara, 2 m. below Buffiilo. It is the station for the steam-boats and otlier vessels employed in the navigation of Lake Erie, and tlie lakes above. A mole is now constructed for tlic purpose of forming a harbor in the river oppo- site to this village. It extends from liird Isl- and in liakc Eric to Squaw Island below the Rapids in Niagara river, and thence to tlie U. States shore, t^us forming a harbor of 2 m. in length and of the capacity of 200 iicres, open- ing at one end into the lake by a mouth 20 pods wide, and at the other connected with tlie Eric canal which is supplied from it with water. The first pier, wliich was snnii on Ttli Sept. 1822, is 50 feet long, 18 wide, and 14 high, composed of a strong frame of white-oak timber, filtod with bOO or 700 tons of stone. BLACK ROCK, v. Erie co. N. Y. dn lake Erie, 4 m. N. Buffalo. It is a small viliafre with a harbor artificially improved by a pier. The seams and patches of dark-colored chert in the lime-stone here, have given ita name to this place. BLACK ROCK, small harbor, Fairfield co. Ct W. of Bridgeport. BLACKSTONE, a river rising near Wor- cester, Mass. and flowing into Nariigansct Bay near Providence. Along the valley of this river is the Blackstone canal extending from Worcester to Providence, 45 m. It con- tains 48 locks built of hammered stone, and is 34 feet wide at tfieflurface, and 4 feet deep. It was built at a cost of §600,000, and finislud in 1828. The navigation upon it is flourishing : the produce of the iaterior of Massuchusetts folds by its means a ready market in the com- mercial city of Providener. BLACK STOCKS, v. < hester district, S. C; 470 m. from W. BLACK SWAMP, v. in St. Peter's Parish, S. C. ; 644 m. from W. BLACK WALNUT, v. Halifax co. Va. 100 m. SW. Richmond ; 256 m. from W. BLACK WARRIOR, r. Ala. It is the principal eastern branch of tlie Tombigbec, and joins the main river 80 m. above St. Ste- phen's, and is navigable 60 or 70 m. It rises not far south of the river Tennessee. BLACKBURN SPRINGS, v. Johnson co. Tenn. BLACKFORD, t Posey co. Indiana, about 35 m. S. by W. from Princeton. BliACKSBURG, v. Montgomery co. Va. 317 m. SW. Richmond. BLACKSBURG and BLACKSVILLE, 2 towns on the river Alabama, in Monroe co. Ainb. BLACKSTOCK'S HILL, eminence in S. ('. nciir tlie river Tyger. In ITf^O, an action was fought here bctwrrn the Dritish under fJcneral 'I'arlelon, inul the Anierieuns niidcr (irncral Suinptcr, in which the Ibrmer were defeated. «T,A('K!iT()NE'S ISLAND, small island, Va. in tile iVoiii.ie. BLACK WA'l'KlJ, r. N. H. which flows into tlie C'onloocof)k, in NR part of Ilo[»kinton. ULACKWATER, r. Va. which joins Uie Nottoway, to form the Chowan. BLAt'KVVATEK, r. Vu. which runs into Iho sea, at Ulack Bay, Ion. 76^ 10' W. lat. 36^ 30' N. BLACK WATER, r. Md. which runs info Uie ("iicsapenke. BLADEN, a county in tlie S. part of North Carolina, bordering on the mnritinie county of Brunswick. It is intersected by Ca\)c Fcnr river. Pop. 7,801. Elizabethlown, Jib m. S. of Ralcijrh, is the eliief town. PLADENSIUJRG, a town of Maryland, in (ieorge county, on the E. side of the Potomiic, !• in. li-oiii its mouth, at Washington, and .^■< !-i\V. of Baltimore. Tiie Ainerienn army sus- tained a defeat by the British at this place, on the 24th of August, 1814, in attempting to ar- rest the progress of the British towards Wash- ington. BLACKS AND WHITES, t. Nottaway cc Va. 60 m. SW. ii-om Richmond. BLACKSBURt;, or Blackshluff, v. on th< left bank of Alabnma r. 60 m. NE. from ^'t. Stephens, and 55 SW. from Cahalm. BLACKWATEK, creek, Pickaway co. Oliio. BLACKWATER, r. Michigan, whicli runs into lake Michigan, 20 m. N. of the St .Josephs. It ia 60 m. in length, and navigable in canoes nearly to its source. BLAIR'S FERRY, t. Roane co. Ten. near Kingston, and 160 m. E. from Murfrecsbo- rough. BLAIR'S GAP, t. in the western part of Huntingdon co. Pa. 120 m. W. from Harris- burg. BLAIRSVILLE, v. Indiana co. Pn. 184 m. W. of Harrisburg. BLAIRSVILLE, v. York district, S. C. 450 m. from W. BLAIZE, Cape, W. Plorida, between the bays of Apalache and St. Josepli. BLAKEIjY, t. Luzerne co. Pa. BLAKELY, t. Mobile co. Ala. on the Ten- saw or eastern outlet of Mobile r. 10 m. from Mobile bay, and 15 ENE. from the to\vn of Mobile, Lat. 30'= 43' N. Its site is an elegant and pleasant spot, well supjilied with good water. It is also well situated for commerce; vessels drawing 11 feet of water can enter tlie port at full tide, and the same wind tliat enables a vessel to enter Mobile bay will carry her to the wharves of Blakely. It is also con- nected by a good road with tlie rapidly im- proving country on tlio Alabama. The settle- ments commenced in 1817- BLA— T5M) 197 I Monroe co. riincncn in S. X), nn notion llrilisl\ under L'riciins under ; tormcr were ), small inland, liicli flows into IJopliinton. liich joins the licli runs inlu 5^ 10' W. lat. Iiich runs into !. part of North \ritinic county I by OajH; Fear Lown, i)H ni. S. if Maryland, in of the Potoiniic, lington, and .'i8 rican army sus- it this place, on ttcmpting to ar- > towards Wash- t. Nottaway ct [1. ■Muff, V. on thf 1. NE. from f't. ihalm. Pickaway co. ^an, which runs N. of the St. I, and navigable le CO. Ten. near )m Murfrecsbo- ivestcrn part of V. from Harris- a CO. Po. 184 m. ;i8trict,S.C.450 la, between the ■ph. Pa. \la. on the Ten- Ic r. 10 m. from )m the to\vn of itc is an elegant •lied with good 1 for commerce ; or can enter the iame wind tliat le bay will carry . It is also con- tlie rapidly im- ma. The settle- BLAKESRURG, t. Pinolv cot co. Me. tii) ■n. N. from Haii>ror. Pop. 4(1.'?. BFiANCO, rape of N. Ainerirn,on the coast of the Paciiic ocean. I,at. i:)^ -'.'J' N. ; loii. JT' \V. from W. r.LA.VDFORD, f. OvfJ^nl co. I'. C. on tlir Thnniis. ULAM)r< )Un, t. I'riiiri- r.rnrsv ro. V;i. oil S. .side of tlu" Ap])0!ii;ilox, hordcrinir on Pc- lershurp, and included within tjie lioroujrh of IVtiTsiiiurir. nr.AM>FORD, t. riampdrn eo. Mns>.. Id m. U'. from Spriii^rndd, 1 Hi WSW. from I5os- toii. iind :«.-l froiri \V. Po;.. J,.'');)!, IU,\NM:RIiASS[:'I"S ISLAND, i.sl. in the Ohio, op])osile Hilpre; l.'i iii. below Ma- ricttii. It is a beautiful and fertile islimd, containinc about .'100 acres. It is bo named from a Mr. Blanncrliasset, an Iiisli irentlcin.in of large fortune, who having, with l.is fiunily, left Ireland in 1801, ])urchascd and removed to this island, where he reiired a costly and splendid edifice for his dwelliiig-hoase. A con- siderable part of the island was laid out in gardens after the most ajjproved models of Euro|)can taste, and the whole scenery com- bined, seemed like tile fubled fields of I'lysimn. lUit the house was most unfortunately burnt down in Dec. IblO, and shortly afterwards, the garden was totally destroyed, and lew or no vestiges now remain of its transient splen- dor and magnificence. BLAS, SAN, a seaport town of Mexico, on nn island at the mouth of the Kio (Grande, or Santiago r. which falls into the Pacific ocean in lat. ap 30' N. and 104= 4G' W. Ion. BLEDSOE, CO. in AV. part of Ten. Chief town, Pikeville. Pop. G,448. BLENHEIM, t. Schoharie, co. N. Y. 47 m. SW. from Albany. Poj). 2,2S0. BLENHEIM, t. in the W. Riding of the CO. of York, lies to the northward of Dundas- street, opposite Benford, U. C. BLENHEIM, t. Oxford co. U. C. BLEURIE, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C. on the r. Sorel, 25 m. SE. from MontreiJ. BLIGH'S ISLAND, off" the NW. coast of America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 21.3043' E.; lat. 60° 52' N. BLOCK ISLAND, off the coast of Rhode Island, 24 m. SSW. from Newport, 21 E. by N. from Montauk point on Long Island. It constitutes the town of New Shoreham, in Newport co. It is about 7 m. long and 4 broad. Pop. 955. Lon.7P30'W.; lat. 41' 8' N. BLOCKLEY, t Philadelphia co. Pa. on W. side of the Schuylkiir; 3 m. W. from Phila- delphia. BLOODY-BROOK, v. Franklin co. Mass. 100 m, NW, by W. from Boston. RL(30DY-RUN, t Bedford co. Pa. BLOOM, t Columbia co. Pa. BLOOM, t. Scioto co. 16 m. E. of Ports- ntouth, Ohio. BLOOM, t. Morgan co. Ohio. BL(X)M, t. Northumberland co. Pa. BLOOM, t Fairfield co. Ohio. BLOOMFIELD, t Somerset co. Maine, en \\. side of (III' Keimeberk, opfmsitc Canaan ; 5 ni. E. tiom Norridirewock. It is a consider- alil" town. ;iiid rontiiins nn neadcinv. 11L0()\11'|I:LI), f. Ont.irio eo. N. Y. It is a large and e\ei Unit ncriculturnl town, di- vided into I). .-iiMi W. I!liH>iiili< Id; I'.. Bioom- (ield is (I 111. \V. fro:;! ( 'iin.inil.iiu-M.i, and 373 from W. W. I!l(X)hifield, or iiloomville, is 12 I in. \V. irdiii (V.tinndaigiiii. ULOOMFIKLl). t. Essex co. N. .L 5 m. I \\V. I'loiii Newark. It is a pleasant village, I iuid eonliiins an aeadeiny. In its neighbor- !kx)(I lire (]uarrii's ot" freestone. IlLOOMriKLD, v. Loudon co. Va. I!r,n()MlIi;i,I), V. Nelson co. Ken. IILOOMFIKLI), t. .Faekson ro. Ohio. BLOOMFIELD, t. Trumbull co.Ohio; 34fi m. li-om W. Br,OOMFIELT), t. Pickaway CO. Ohio; 8 m. N. from ('ir(;leville, and 17 S. from Co- ' lumbus. BI-OOM FIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 114. BLOO:\IFIELD, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 14 m. W. from Steubenville. BLOOMFIELD, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 4(iM. BL()OMI=lELD, V. Oakland co. Mich. 18 m. from Detroit. BL0<)MIN(;BURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 35 m. SE. from Columbus. BLOOMINfJBURG, v. SuUivan co. N. Y. 100 m. from Albany. BLOOMINGBURG, v. in Mamakating, N. York. BLOOM INGDALE, v. on the Hudson, 7 m. above N. York. BLOOMING GROVE, v. Richland co. Ohio, BLOOMING GROVE, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. in 1820, 108. BLOOMIN(; (;K0VE, t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W. from West-Point, and 258 from W. Pop. 2,0!):). BLOOMINGSBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 40 m. SW. from (>)lumbus. BLOO.MINGTON, v, cap, Monroe co, In- diana, 70 m. NE. from Vincennes. BLOOMSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. BLOOMSBURG, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. near the entrance of the Musconecunk into the Delaware. HLOOMSBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa. on Fishing creek, and on the road from Danvillo to Nescopeck. BLOOMSBURG, v Northumberland co. Pa, BLOOMIN(iVILLE, v. Huron co. Ohio. BL(X)MSVILLE, v. Ontario co. N. Y. 13 m. from Cariandaigua. BLOOMVILLE, v. Del. co, N. Y, by the post-road 117 m, SW, from Albany. See Bloomsville, Del. co. N. Y. BLOl^NT, CO. East Ten. Chief town, Ma- rvville. Pop. 11,027. " BLOUNT, CO. of Ala. Pop. 4,233. Blounts- ville is the capital. BLOUNTSVILLE, v. Jones co. Geo, BLOUNTSVILEE, t and cap. Sullivan ca Ut 198 BLU— U()(J ivm (iii; Ten. 130 m. ENE. from Knoxvill.Mirul l-JR fromW. BI.I'E ANnrOR, V. (iloticcKtrr co. N. J. 16.1 m. from W, HM'E KMl'l'U RIVER, r. I-a. wlii.li runs into the Knnsiis, IJIiHE I'll'lfil), r. .\. Anuricn, wliicli srpa- ralcH HoiuliiriiM Irnm Nicanijrim, iiiid is dis- ehnrjrcd into Uliu'licld's bay. Eon. 4-' 3U' VV.; lat. 123 N. BLUEFIEED'S H\Y,on tlic SW.coastof Jamainn. F/m. 7s \V.; lat. IH- 10' N. HLI'EIIIIJ,, t. Hancock co. Mc. Pop. l,4Ili). It standH upon a bay lii ni. ME. from Casfinc. Urr(^ of mountains in Nottingham, Harrington, and Rochester, N. II. BLUEHIEI. RAY, ofV the coast. of Maine, on W. side of Mount DcBcrt island ; 12 m. 10. from Penobscot hay. BLUE lilCIvS, several salt springs on Licking r. Ken. BLUE LICK, {Upper,) v. Flcniinir co. Ken. 522 m. from W. BLUE LK:K, (Lnicfr,) sec Elllsville. BLUE MOUNTAIN, mt. Pcclinfr, N. H. E. of Mooschillock. BLUE MOUNTAINS, several mountains BO called in diflcrent parts of the world ; viz. Ist, intersecting the island of Jamaica from east to west. North Peak is 8,180 feet above the level of tiic sea; 2d, the most easterly ridge of the Apalaciiians, in the state of Penn- sylvania, extending in a south-west direction, from the Delaware to the south of the Susquc- hannah r. altitude, .1,000 to 4,000 feet ; .3d, a more southern branch of the same ridge, ex- tending in the same direction from tlie north of the Potomac r. through the state of Va. into North Carolina. Otter Peak is .3,103 feet high, and is the highest point in all Virginia. The passage of the Potomac r. through this ridge is peculiarly grand. BLUE RIDGE, or South Mountains, range of mountains, beginning in North Carolina, and crossing the state of Virginia, from north to south, about 200 m. from the sea. BLUE RIVER, one of the head branches of Red r. La. BLUE RIVER, (Big,) r. Indiana, which flows into the Ohio, 2 m. VV. from Leven- worthville. BLUE RIVER, (Little) r. Indiana, which flows into the Ohio, 10 or 12 miles below Big Blue river. BLUE ROCK, r. Muskingum co. Ohio, on Muskingum r. 8 m. below Zanesville. BLUE STONE, r. Giles co. Va. which runs into the Great Kenhawa. BLUE SULPHUR SPRINGS, 1. Monroe CO. Va. These mineral waters are situated near tlie Kenhawa r. 40 m. SW. from Lewis- burg, and 23? W. from Richmond. BLUE WATER, t. Lauderdale co. Ala. 260 m. NW. from Cahaba. BLUE WATER, r. southern branch of the Miso. which it joins 9 m. below the mouth of the Kansas. BLUFF POINT, cap<- on the coast of N. Carolina. BLUFF SPRIN(JS, v. .Tetlerson co. Miw, HMFTON, v. Ray eo. Missouri, on the letl bank of the Missouri r. 280 m. above St. Louis, ltl,riTO\, t. Howard ro. Miso. BOALSHI'Ut;, V. Centre co. Pa. 115 m. NW. Irnui lliirrisburg. ROARDMAN, t. Trumbull co.Ohio; 10m. SM. from Warren. R( >AT RU.\, V. Clermont co. Ohio, near a rivulet of the same name, ItOAl'-VARI), V. Sullivan co. Ten. upon the Natouga r. Hi m. below Rlountsville. BOCA ESCONDIDA, bay, in the bay of Canififacliy, on the coast of Yucatan. Lat. 18^.')0'N. BtK'ALIEU, isl. near the E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 52^ 26' W.; lat. 46^ l.V N. B0DI:AU, a considerable lake in NW. part of La. Red r. flows through it. A river of the same name runs into the N. end of the lake. BODEGA, /V/,on the NW^ coast of Amer- ica. Lat. 38 3 28' N. The Russians have had a settlement at this place since 1817. BODET, river au, U. C. in tlie t. of Lan- caster, falls into lake St. Francis, E. of Point au Bodct. IMJDKIN'S POINT, cape, on the coast of Maryland, in Chesapeake bay. BODWELL'S FALLS, on the Merrimack, between Andovcr and Methuen. BOEUF, £,e, lake in Erie co. Pa. discharges its waters into French creek, branch of Ohio. The jKirtage from Ia'. Boeuf to Presque Isle, on lake Eric, is about 14 m. BOEUF, r. of Arkansas, and Louisiana. It rises in the former, interlocking its sources with those of the Mason and Barthelemy, flows S. enters I^a. and turns to SW. by S. Continuing that course upwards of 100 m. be- tween Washitau and Mason, joins the former opiKisitc the W. end of the Sicily island, at N. lat. 31= 47'. BOEUF, r. which rises in the Miso. terri- tory, enters La. and joins the Ouachitta, 14 m. above the Tensaw. Its general course is S. and it is alwut 240 m. long without regard to its windings. It is navigable for some dis- tance. BOEUF, t. Franklin co. Miso. BOEUF, Bayou, or creek of La. rises in the pine forests, between Opelousas and the rapids of Red river, flowing first NE. turns gradually to SE. enters on the low lands S. of Red river, and after continuing to flow by compar.ativc courses 60 in. unites with the Crocodile to form the Courtableau river. BOGGS, t. Centre co. Pa. BOGUE, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of N. Carolina. BOGUE CHITTO, t. Lawrence co. Miss: BOGUE CHITO, r. Miss, which runs SSE. 80 m. and joins Pearl river 20 m. above the Rigolets. •BOGUE INLET, narrow channel between Hon— HOU 100 oast of N. CO. Miw. iri, nn tlip 11. !il)ove St. Pa. 115 m. Ohio; 10 in. Ohio, near a I. Trn. upon ritsvillo. I the bay of icatan. Lat. 'oast of Ncw- .t. 46^ l.V N. 3 in NVV. part t. A river of N. end of the coast of Amer- sians liave had 1817. tlie t. of lion- 3is, E. of Point on the coast of the Merrimack, 1. Pa. discharges ancli of Ohio. Prcsque Isle, Louisiana. It nir its sources Bartlielemy, to SW. by S. ds of 100 in. be. joins the former ly island, at N. the Miso. tcrri- ic Ouaciiitta, U encral course is r without regard 'ble for some dis- ISO* of La. rises in lelousas and the first NE. turns ^i low lands B. of uin^ to tlow by unites witli the Jeau river. ,c Atlantic, near jrcnce co. Miss: which runs SSE. 20 m. above the channel between \\cvw and anotlur ialniid Itudjng to Whitf on the .Mi!i8isHippi ; it prodiiros su^rar, cotton, Oak river. iudiijo, rice, lotKioo, Hwcit |)otatofH, maize, or- UOIIK, r. .M(l. runs into the ('hcsaix-iikf. aiiL"s. jmik lus, and tif;i». UOllK.MIA, r. ,Md. nms into Elk i. II ni. |{(»N(), i. I.iiwrencc co. Ind. 100 in. SSW. Ix^low KIktiin. llViMn lnr the larq;eKl vessel; the western is niiieli wider, hut is shallow, and lull ol' small islands. HO.NSKCorrSS, seigniory, Richelieu co. I.. ( '. .'17 ni. Nil. from Montreal. lU )NSl';c'( )l,'US, SI i^rniory, IJuckiiiRliam co. UOl.S liF.ANC, isl. in lake liurnn, between ' F,. ('. on the S. side of the St. Lawrenee, 2'2 the island of .Micliiliniaekinae and the. ]ienin-!in. S\V. from Ciuebec. siila of Miehijfun, about 10 miles lonjr and .'I broad. HOIS ULANC, lake, N. America, between lake Siijierior and the lake of the Woods. UOiS HRl'LH, v. Perry m. Miso. HOIS HIUJI.E, liiniirWoml, r. NW. Ter- ritorv, which runs into the iKittoni of lake; Su- perior. It is navijjable f<() in. whence there is a short jwrtaire to th(^ St. Croix, a naviffablel water of the .Mississi))pi. H()l,0 I'Ot'N'I'AIN, v. Charlotte ro. Va. BOI.lNtJHROIvE, v. Talbot co. Md. at the confluence of Bolinphroke creek with the Chop- tank, T) in. I'-, from Oxford. U0MN(;ni{OOKE, r. Talbot co. Md. runs into the Choptank. BOI/rON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 18 m. NW. from Mont|)elicr, 507 from W. Pop. 452. BOLTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 in. NE. from Worcester, 33 W. from Boston, 449 from W. Pop. l,:2.-)8. HOL'i'ON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 15 m. E, from Hartford. Pop. 74 1. BOLTON, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of Lake George, 14 ni. NNE. from Caldwell, 518 from W. Pop. 14G6. BOLTON, t. Kichelicu co. L. C. on lake Mcmphremapofif, SI'], from Montreal. Pop. 800. BOMBAY HOOK, isl. in Delaware bay, on the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Duck creek, 11 m. S. from Ueedy Island. BOMBAZINE, lake, Vt. chiefly in Castle- ton, 7 m. long. BONAVENTURE ISLAND, L. C. at the N. entrance into Chaleur bay. BONAVISTA, a cape on the E. side of the island of Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 32' W. ; lat. 48° 15' N. BOND, r. N. A. runs into the bay of Cam- jicachy. BOND, CO. Illinois. Chief town, Perrysville. Pop- 3,124. BONHAMPTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J. G m. NE. from New Brunswick. BONHOMME, t. St. Louis co. Miso. BONNE CHEW, r. U. C. flowing into the Ottawa. RONNEFEMME, t. Howard co. Miso. BONNET QUATRE. See Parish nf St. Charles, La. situated along both banks of the Jlississippi coast, bounded E. and SE. by the parish of St. Bernard, NE. by lake Ponchar- train, and pass of Manchac, N. by lake Mau- repas, and W. by the parish of St. .John Bap- tiste. The only arable land in this parish is BONSHCorKS, seigniory, Devon co. L.C on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 41 m. NE. from (inebee. IJONSIX'OrU.S bay, Ala. whieli sets up from .Mobile bay northerly about 14 m. and re- ceives at its head a small r. of the same name. The r. has 7 ll'et water at its entrance, and is navigable 5 or G ni. Prom the head of navi- gation on this r. to a bay which sets up from the Perdido, is 4i in. HON CM, settlement, Miso. 10 m. S. from St, Charles, 20 W. from St. Louis. It extends not less than 15 m. E. and W. and from G to 10 N. and S. The land is fertile and well watered. BOOBY ISLAND, West Indies, near St. Christophers. BOON, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of ]\Iainc, 8 m. E. from York. Here is a light-house. BOONE, CO. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio r. Poji. !),()12. Burlington is the chief town. BOONESBURO, v. Washington co. Md. 60 m. from W. BOONE'S LICK, t. Howard co. Miso. ' BOONE'S MILLS, v. White co. II. 804 m. from W. BOONE'S SETTLEMENT. See How- ard CO. BOONETON, v. Morris co. N. J. 2U m. from W. BOONSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ken. on Kentucky r. 20 in. SSE. from Lexington. BOON'S STATION, v. Fayette co. Ken. 580 m. from W. BOONSVILLE, or Boonboroiigh, v. War- wick CO. Indiana. BOONSVILLE, v. Cooper co. Miso. on the right bank of Missouri r. directly opposite Franklin, and by land, 170 m. above St. Louis. Lat. .3!)^ ri'.V N.; lon. 15^ 20' W. BOONVILLE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 27 m. N. from IJtica, 421 from W. Pop. 2,746. BOOTHBAY, t. I-incoln co. Me. 8 m. SE. from Wiscassct, 180 NE. from Boston, 613 from W. Pop. 2,290. It is situated between Sheepscot, or Booth Bay, and Damariscotta r. B(K)TH'S STORE, 't; Franklin co. Va. 180 m. SW. fmin Richmond. BOQUES CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scioto, 5 m. W. from Delaware. BORDENTOWN, t. Burlington co. N. J. on E. side of the Delaware, 4 m. SSE. from Tren- ton, 26 NE. from Philadelphia. It is a pleas- ant town, principally built on one street. ■■: 'I 200 BOU— H(jS ^**'' ♦; BOFICNK, luk.', or fruU; l.u. R of lake; I'on- rliurtraiii. It L-oiiiniiiniculcH with tht- (Milt'of Mexico, ntid luk*' i'oiicliui train, and ih 10 in. lontr, iind alioiit \!i hnmil. !« Hi 1^1 'K.N, ishmd lA'Uw Went Indirn, nrrir I'orto liico. It iH iiniiilialiiti (I, tlioiit:)) fertile, and till! water ^ood. Mere in a treat iniuilier of land eralis, wlienee Hoinc call it ('rab IhIuiuI. Lon. (U;' W.; lal. IH N. UORODINO, t. (inondago co. N. Y. IHO ni. W. from Al[)any. lionui'AiU, I. Heaver co. Pa. IMK-^'AWKN, f. llillHborouj(h co. N. 11. on \V. wide of the Alerrinmek, oiijxwitc Cunter- hnry, witii wliirh it Ih connected by a britljje ; !) in. N. from ( 'onrord, ,% N\V. from Forth, inoiith, rd 1 from VV. l'o(>. i>,()!KJ. It rontains ^ I>aris |rre(ratioiml nieeliiiir-honiie. IK )S'1'< )\, AV M), t. IlillHJioroiiirh co. N.IF. H III. NNVV. from Aiiiher«t, AxJ from W. I'op. IfibO. UOSTOV AND ITS ENVIRONS. •BOSTON, B-p and cap. Mass. in Suffolk co. M in. SSW. from Salem, 40 NNE.from Prov- idcnce, 5C S. by W. from Portsmouth, G3 SSE. from (bncord, N. H. 100 ENE. from Hartford, 11.') SSW. from Portland, LMO NE. from New York, ;}nO SSE. from Montreal, .'JOO NE. from Philadelphia, 4.36 from W. Lat. 42= 22' N. from London ; Ion. Cy^ 58' E. from W. Boston was founded in the year 10.30. In the Indian langriiaffc its name was Shaumut, and it was called by the early settlers Trcmont, or Trimontain, from the circumstance of its beinpf built u|K)n three hills. It is situated at the head of Massachusetts bay, on a peninsula aliout 4 miles in circum- ference, and is about 3 in. in lenfftli, and 1 m. and 2.1 rods, where widest, in breadth, and is connected with the main Land at S. end by a narrow isthmus, called tlic Neck, leac^injr to Koxbury. The town is built in an irregular circular form round the liarbor, which is stud- ded with about 40 small islands, many of which afford excellent pasture ; and arc frequented in summer by nmncrous parties of pleasure. The harbor is formed by Nahant Point on the N. and Point Alderton on the S. and is so capa- cious as to allow 500 vessels to ride at anchor in a good depth of water, wliile the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit 2 sliips abreast. The entrance is defended by Fort Indcpt^id- ence belonging to tlic U. S. on Castle Island, and by Fort VVarrcn on Governor's Island. Tlere is another fort, called Fort Strong, on Noddle's Island. Boston is admirably well situated for com- merce, and is a place of great trade and opu- lence. It is the fourth city in the Union in |)opidation and second in commerce. Its trade is carried on with every quarter of the world. Its wealth is computed at 92,000,000 dollar?. The shipping of the port amounted in 1828 to Ki 1,583 tons. The wharves here arc said to be the foicst in the U. S. some of which are nearly a quarter of a mile in length and cov- ered with stores. The yearly imports are 13,000,000 dollars and the exports 9,000,000. Alterations and additions have of late years greatly improved the appearance of Boston. The streets, which were formerly almost with- out an exception narrow and crooked, have been in a great degree rendered wide and com- modious; the old wooden structures have in the greater part of the city been replaced by handsome buildings of stone or brick. In the western part, particularly, there is much neat- ness and elegance. The splendor of the pri- vate buildings here, is not equalled in any other part of the Union. The literary institutions of this city arc of the first order. The public libraries contain 70,000 vokunes. The Boston Athenaeum is the finest establishment of its kind in the U.S.; DO»-llUT 2U1 • this city arc of libraries contain _ Athenteum is the [ind in the U.S.; ita hbrary contains ulxivp 2'>,000 voluiiicf, nnd u (cndinp room, in whirh the nioMt rstcnncd |M'riodicul», Iroin all partu of llir world, mny be Ibiiiid. It' wo add to Ihfsc the lihrnry of Hnrvurd('<>llro- a'cds (or the encouragement of IIk; arts. In 1817, tliero was erected on l)oth sides of Market stre( t a block of stores, 485 feet in length on one side, and 442 on the other, nnd 4 stories liigh ; and on Central wharf, another iiiiniense pile of buildings was completed the same year, 1,240 fi-et in length, containing 54 stores 4 stories high, and having a spacious hall in the centre, over which is erected an d- rpant observatory. These buildings, for extent, convenience, and elegance, are said not to Ik? exceeded in the commercial world. The ex- change is a superb structure, 7 stories in height, 127 tijct in length, containing 202 rooms. In this building is kept a pubUc reading room, similar to the one at Merchants' hall. The alms-house is a commodious and elegant build- ing, 270 feet long, and 56 broad. The new court-house is very elegant, built of Chelms- fore granite. The state-house is built on ground elevated about 100 feet above tlie level of, the harbor, and is a noble edifice. It is 173 feet In front, and 61 deep, and its situation and size render it a very conspicuous object. The dome IS 50 feet in diameter, terminated by a circular lantern, at an elevation of 100 feet from the foundation. The prospect from the top is ex- ceedingly magnificent and beautiful ; surpass- ing every thing, of tlie kind in this country, and will bear a comparison with the castle hill of Edinburgh, the fiimous bay of Naples, or any ^ber of the moat ineture8(]ue scenee in Europe. Here may be seen at a view, the town with its 2A shipping and buildinga, the hurlior ond ita ishmds, Chirlfs river, u fine country, orna. meiited willi elegant country-seut.s, and more than 211 llnurishiiig towns. In Iront of the state-liouse is the common, containing 44 acres, surrounded by the mall, an exlent>ivc and moat deliirhtlid public walk. 'J'he liieiiiliis lor travelling in the nrighlmr- I hfMxl of Iloston are very great. Tin re nr«i more stage-coaches running to and from this (itv tliiin any other in America. Hourly and I halllhourly stages carry iiassengcrs to the ncighl)oring towns at a very low rale. The , numlK'r of daily arrivals and (Ie|)arfure8 is I about 2.')0. In summer there an- Nleam-boalii ' running to Hingham, IS'aliant aiul the coiist of .Maine. 'I'he roads about IJosfou are excellent, and tli<' piddie houses of the first order. The I eoimtry liere is exceedingly varied and piclur- ' es(|ue, adorned with every graeetid variety of ! hill nnd d ile, garden and grove, and nl)0und- ing in beaulilid villages and elegant eoimtry. I seats. The heights of Dorchester, which com- mauil the city and harlK>r, and whoso bntteriea drove the Uritisli from Hoston in 1776, aru now within the limits of th(^ city. A city government was first adopted in 1^21 ; the officers are a mayor, H aldermen, and a coMunon council of 4H, all elected by a jwpu- lar vote in DecemlK-r annually. With Chelsea, on the oj)j)osite side of the harbor, Hoston com- |)oses the county of Suffolk, which has 6 sena- tors in the state legislature. The city alone sends one representative to congress. The yearly expenses are about 300,000 dollars, of which al)ovc 50,000 are appropriated to the supimrt of common schools; 80,000 for im- proving the streets, and 30,000 for the poor. The census of 18.30 gave a return of 61,.392 inliabitants for the 12 wards witliin the juris, diction of the city, but taking in those adjoin- ing parts of Charlcstown, Cambridge and Rox- bury, which are, to all practical purposes, so many portions of the capital, its whole popu- lation will amount to about 80,000. The city projKT has 40 churches, 19 banks, 2 theatres, 80 public schools, and 50 bookstores. Boston cont^iiins 1.35 streets, 21 lanes, and 80 wharves. 1K)ST0N, t. Niagara co. N. Y. BOSTON, t. Portage co. Ohio ; 18 m. NNW. Ravenna. BOSTON, New, t. Clark co. Ohio; 3 m. SW.-Springfield. BOSTON, South, t Halifax co. Va. ; on the Dan, about 30 ni. E. Danville. BOSTON, t. Erie co. N. Y. 320 m. W. Al- bany. Pop. 1,520. BOSWELLSVILLE, v. Louisiana co. Va. ; 20 m. NW. Richmond. BOTETOURT, co. central part of Va., bounded N. by Bath co. NE. by Rockbridge CO. 8E. by Bedford and Franklin cos. SW. by Montgomery co. and NW. by Monroe co. Pop. 16,354, of whom 4,170 are slaves. Chief town, Fin castle. BOTTLE HILL, t. Morris co. N. J. ; 2 m. NW. Chatham, 15 NW. Elizabethtown, 228 from W. It is a pleasant \'il]age, and contains a Presbyterian church and an academy. f:i 202 BOU— BRA 'i^^i " 4' ''f fef»«i' ,, ml nOUNDimOOK, l. Somerwl co. N. J. on U»c N. bonk of the Itoritan ; 7 m. NW. New Uruniiwirk, 2()t) from VV. K0UKF50N. 10. N. pnrt of Kentucky. Pop. 18,4.'J4. Chief town, I'nrin. HOURHON, AV»c, v. Mimtouri, on W. i^iilc of tlic MiNMivHi|)|>i, 1! in. Ix'low St. (irnrvicvc. BOUKHON KIVIIR, a brunch of tlio Ma- ranirk, in St. F.oimh en, .MiMSdiiri. BDUKCIIK.MIN, Sii^'niory, Richelieu co. Lower Ciiniidii, .')!) ni. K. iMontrcnI. BOf'CilARA, \h\. I,. C. in the river St. Lawrnire, !j| in. NK. Montreal. U()Ut;illORVn,I.10, Sd^nlory, Kent co. L. ('. on the S. Hide of the St. ILOIS, Seifriiiory, IlanipBhire co. L. Canada, a.") ni. W. of Ciuebcc. BOURC;MARIK,K/l«^ Seijrniory, Buckinp- ham and Richelieu coh. L. Canada, 3b ni. S. Three Rivera. BOURGMARIE, West, Seifrniory, Riche- lieu CO. L. Canada, '.iH m. NIC. Montreal. BOVINA, t. Delaware co. N. York. Pop. 1,346. BOW, t. Merrimack co. N. H.; on W. side the Merrimack ; H m. S. Concord. Pop. 1,0G5. BOW BACK, nit. in Stratford, N. H. BOWDOIN, t. Lincoln co. Maine; 20 m. WNW. WiHcattsct, 148 NE. Boston, 617 from W. Pop. 2,09.5. BOWDOINHAM, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Kennebcck; If) m. WNW. Wi8casBct,148 NE. Boston, 590 from W. Pop. 2,061. BOWERBANK, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 m. NW. Bangor. Pop. 49. BOWERS, V. Essex co. Vo. BOWERS, V. Southampton co. Va. BOWER'S STORE, t. Ashe co. N. C. 170 m. NW. from Raleigh. BOWERSVILLE, v. Livingston co. N. Y. 208 m.W, from Albany. BOWERSVILLE, v. Southampton co. Va. BOWLERS, V. Essex co. Va.; 129 m. from W. BOWLING GREEN, Caroline co. Va. ; 46 m. NE. Richmond, 80 from W. It is the Beat of justice for the county. BOWLING GREEN, t. Worren co. Ken. about 30 m. E. Russellville, 702 from W. It is the scut of justice ibr the county, and con- tains a bank. BOWLING GREEN, t. Licking co. Ohio. BOWLING GREEN, t. Oglethorpe co. Geo. about 75 m. N. from Milledgeville. BOWLING GREEN, Pike co. Misc. BOWMAN'S CREEK, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 60 m. NW. from Albany. BOWMAN'S MOUNTAIN, called the Bald Mountain, near the western limits of Luzerne ■ CO. is a high, regular, barren range whose average height may be 1,000 feet This ex- tends from the E. to the W. branches of the SuHquehannah nvcr, between which it ipfieari to have no other name than IhoMe mentioned, cxeept that, in a mnnll territory on the head of I'iNhing creek, the iiilmbitantii call it thr ymth Mminlaiii, WcMward ol'the wutrm of the SiiH(|iiehiinnali, it loriim the innin ridge of the Allcirhany .MountiiiiiN. It emwyes the E. branch of the Su)i(|n('liniinnli, at the iiiniith of 'ruiikhaiinrM;k and Itowiiiiin'H ereekn, and ex- tending N. eiiMwardly, it iH ealN d Tiiiikhan- nnrk Mounlnin, and Icrmiiintes in SiiKciuelmn. nail eo. where it is culled the I'.lk Mminluin. noWMAN'S VA!,!,i;V, lying on Hourn', rreek, between Uowiimn'H and Mahoopeny MonntainN, Lu/.eme eo. Pn.ifi not very popu. li)U«, and the liind g. 820. BOYLSTON, West, t. Worcester co. Mass.; 7 m. N. Worcester, 44 W. Boston, 425 from W. Here is a cotton manufactory. BOYLSTON, t. Oswego co. N. Y. BOZRAH, t New London co. Ct. about 5 m. W. Norwich. Pop. 1,078. BRACEVILLF^ t. TrumhuU co. Ohio, on W. side of Warren; 317 m. from W. BRACEVILLE, v. Knox co. Indiana. BRACKEN, CO. N. part of Ken. on th* Ohio. Pop. 6,392. Chief town, Augusta. BRA-BRA W3 SPRlNCiS, V. DUthampton Va. on CO. Tcnn.20 ivier CO. Tenn.; BRACKEN CKKLK, r. Ken. which run* into the Ohio, Ion. Kj ' h' W. lut. :H^ 'M N. HRADIMM-K'S FIKI.D, ula. in Pa. on Tiirtif tnck ; O m. KSK. PitNlmrt;, Hvrv. (irn. Hroildock fVII into an iiinbiiwadtM)!' In- tlmiiR, wnH rovin(iiil niujor were ftr»t «»(( spondinjf S« intiiry to tlic board, who died hero KpiciioiiHly dixitlaycd. nU\i)IHHI\'S HAY, on S. sidr of I.akc Ontario; .'» ni. W. ot" thi; nioulh of the 'irnc- i»pc, in (iatt'H. HKADi'OlM), t. OraiifTc co. Vt. on thcCon- iiccticut; 7 in. S. hy \V. Ncwhiiry, ."iO.l in. from W. Po|». I,. '>'•". II<'ri' in a |)a|M-r mill. liUADKOUl), Cliarlirld co. (Miio. IJKAIU'OUI), t. IlillslMm.inrJi ro. N. li.; 20 in. W.VW. Concord, .'ill from W. nUADroRI), t. Knscx CO. Mass, on S. Hide of the Merrimack, Jtpiiosili' Iluvcrhill; !2H in. N. IJoston, IH W.NW. !<.«;\V. .'M(,iitjRlier. Pop. i,','(»:). IIUAINTRKI;, t. .Norli.lk co. Mass.; I",* m. S-SK. IPmtnn. Pop. 1,7.VJ. This town is lU. moiis tiir li( 111^ the birth-place of the Hon. .loliii Adams, the second pre.- ident of the U. States. HU A I NTI! I : K, \rw, t. Worcester co. Mniw. ; is III. W. Worcester, .'iH W.SW. IJoston. Pop. |!ll'i. 'Phis is a valiiulile towiislii|i, iiiid pro< I duces luTgc (|UuntitieM of ).eet| bnttcr, and cheese. HRAINTRK.M, t. Lnzcnie co. Pa. on the Siisipiehannali ; 'Jti.'i in. from W. HRANCIITOWN, v. Philaddphia co. Pa. HRANCIIVIIJ.K, V. SiwBox co. N. J. 78 in. N. from 'Pre iiloii. HRANDOX, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter creek, 11 in. .N. Rutland, 40 SW. Mont|x-licr. in the county. Pop. ll),(i(ill. 'Powanda \-> the chief town, situated alH)iit tiO in. .N W. Wilkes- aiid here is printed a weekly iicws[hI' harrc cral branches tlowitijr from all ilireelions with- Pop. l,!)li). Ilcri- is a lied of iron ore of u hu- jierior (piality, at which arc erected a forge, n fun\pce, and an establishment lor the niunu- fuctnre of shoveln ; the lorjje yields '.U> tons of bar iron, and the furnace Ujivvards of lUU tons of cast iron nmiually. HRANDYWINM M.\NOR, v. Chester ea Pa. :)() III. from Pliilade!|ihiu. ni{A.M)YWI.\i;,t. Chester co. Pa. RR ANDY WINK, liundr.d, in NK. corner of Niiwcastlc CO. Delaware. HRANDYWINi:,t. N.wcastle co. Del. BRANDY WINK, r. which rises in Pa. and passiujr into Delaware, joins the Christiana a little below Wilmingrton. It is 40 m. long, and lliroiifrh its wliolt! course is a fine stream well adapted to water works. The descent in 3,') ni. is .'lOO feet. For an account of the IJrandywinc Mills, sec Wilmington. BRANDY PO'PS, islands in the St. Law. rcncc, 10.3 in. Ijelow Quebec, and opposite the mouth of Sagucnay river. BRANl'ORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. ; 7 m. E. New Haven, .311 from W. Lon. 72' SC W. lat. 4P 17' N. Pop. a,.333. BRANFORD, North,t. New Haven co.Ct.; 5 111. N. Branford. BRANTREM, v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susquchannah, 50 ni. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 525. BR.\NT'.S VILLAGE, on Grand river, U.C. BRASCHIN'S CREEK, r. Ken. which run« into the Salt river, lon. 85° 36' W. lat 37<» 50' N. BRASSOS A DIGS, river of Texas, in tlie intendency of St. Louis Potosi ; the sources of the Brassos 'are not correctly known, but are supposed to be S. of Red river, about N. lat. 33=. The length of this river exceeds 400 m. ; the country near its aouroes is mostly prairie, |K r. Brudliird was fbrmcrlv called Ontario co. BRADFORD, t. Clearfield co. Pa. BRADFORD, /J«»^ t. Chester co. Pa. wa- tered by the Braiidywine. BRADFORD, ]Vr»t, t. Chester co. Pa. BRADFORD, Alerrimack co. N. 11.20 in. W. from Concord. Po[). 1,2H5. BRADLEY HALL, v. Prince William co. Va. ; 33 ni. from W. BRADLEY VALE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 38 m. N. Newbury. BRADLEYSVILLE, v. Litchfield co.Ct.; 32!) in. from W. BRADLEYSVILIiE, t. Surapter district, S. C. f)2 m. E. from Columbia. BRADY and EASTOWN GRANT, t. Ox- ford (fb. Me. BRALNARD'S BRIDGE, v. in Nassau, N. Y. ; 10:» m. from W. BRAINERD, a missionary station among the Cherokees, in a district of country called Chickamaugah, on Chickamaugah creek ; 7 m. E. Lookout Mountain, about 50 SSW. Wash- ington, Tenn. 100 E. by N. Huntsvillc, 140 VVSVV. Knoxville, 155 NW. Athens. It is 15 m. by the course of the creek above its en- trance into the Tennessee, and only 6 from the river at the nearest point; and is near the chartered limits of Tennessee and Georgia. The Chickamaugah is navigable for boats to Brainerd. The missionary establishment was commenced here early in 1817. The buildings > onsist of a dwelling-house, with appendages fbr the accommodation of the family, 2 school- houses, 1 for the boys and 1 for the girls, sev- eral cabins used as dwelling-houses, a grist- 4-f. ■a V 204 BRA— BRI r" i >^V'il rrJ.1 '1* u ■> nSTT, > '^1,. with narrow borders of woods along the Iranks of the river, and some of its branches. BRATTLEBOROUGH, t. Windham co. Vt. on tlic Connecticut; \2 m. SE. New fane, 20 S. by W. Waipolc, 3B E. Bennington, 41 N. Northampton, !)G WN\V. J>(i:.'on, 110 S. Montpelier, 427 from \V. Lnt. 42= 52' N. Pop. 2,141. It contains two paiis'lics, in each of wliich there is a liandsoine village. The village in the cast parish is on the W. bajik of the river, and contains a Congregational meeting-house, a cotton munufiictory, a pa- per mill, and one of tlie largest printing establishments in tlie United States. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, and has con- , siHerable tirade. Here is a bridge across the Connecticut. The other village is about 2 m. WNW. and contains a Congregational meet- ing-house, and a woollen manufactory. BRATTON'S RIVER, r. North America, which runs into the Missouri, 2,232 m. from the Mississippi. BRATTONSVILLE, v. Prince William co. Va. 35 m. SW. from W. BREAKNECK ITILL, on tlie Hudson, at the entrance of the Highlands, opposite Butter Hill; 60 m. N. of New York. BREAM'S HEIGHTS, eminence, N. York, on Hudson river, where Gen. Gates had a camp previous to the capitulation of Saratoga. BRECKENRIDGE, co. Ken. bounded by the Ohio river NW. by Hardin E. and SE. by Grayson S. and by Ohio and Daviess aW. ; Burlace broken, and soil generally productive. Staples, grain, flour, tobacco, and salted pro- visions. Chief town, Hardensburg. Pop. 7,345. BRECKNOCK, t. Lancaster co. Pa. BRECKNOCK, t. Berks co. Pa. BREED'S HILL, an emincnee on the N. side of Charlestown, in Mass. celebr;itcd for the stand made by the Americans ngaiiist the British troops, at the commencement of hos- tilities with the mother country. This action is usually called the battle of Bunker Hill (an- other hill near it.) See Bunker Hill. BRENTWOOD, t. Rockingham co. N. 11. ; 20 m. WSW. Portsmouth, 521 from W. Top. 891. It is watered by Exeter river, and con- tains a Congregational and a Baptist meeting- house, and cotton manufactories. BRETON WOODS, t. Coos co. N. H.; 12 m. SSE. Lancaster. Pop. 108. BRENTVILLE, v. Prince William co. Va. BRETON, Cape, island of N. America, be- tween 45° and 47° N. lat. separated from Nova Scotia by a narrow strait called Canso, and is 100 m. in length, and 50 in breadth. It is a barren country, subject to fogs throughout the year, and covered with snow in the winter. There is an excellent fishery on tliis coast. It was confirmed to England by treaty in 17G3. BRETON, island of Louisiana, or rather 2 small islands lying SW. from the Grand Go- eier. There is a channel containing 12 feet water between the islands of Grand Gosier and Breton Island, and another SW. of the latter, leading into Chondeleur Bay, with 18 feet water. N. lat. 29° 26'. i BREVELLE, t. Natchitoches co. Louisiana. BREWER, t. Penobscot Me. on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite Bangor ; 34 in. N. of Castine, 636 from W. Pop. 1,078. BREWSTER, t. Barnstable co. Mass.; 16 m. E. Barnstable, 88 SE. Boston, 498 from W. Pop. 1,418. BRIAR CREEK, t. Columbia co. Pa. BRIAR'S (REEK, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savannah, 40 m. below Augusta. In 1779, a part of the American army was sur- prised on this river by the British, and en- tirely routed, witli the loss of 400 men killed or taken. BR ICELAND CROSS ROADS, v. Wash- ington CO. Pa. BRICK HOUSE, v. Sussex co. N. J. BRICKSVILLE, t. Cuyahoga, co. N. York, at the E. end of Long Island. BRIIXiEBRANCH, or Bridgeville, v. Sub. sex CO. Delaware ; 132 m. from W. BRIDGEFIELD, Shelby co. Kentuckv. BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. in Southampton, N. York. BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. Suff-olk co. N. Y. at the NE. end of Long Island. BRIDGEPORT, s-p. and bor. in the town- ship of Stratford, Ct. in L. Island Sound, at the nouth of the Pequaiiock; 3i m. W. of 17i SW. New Haven, 286 from W. Pop. 2,&U3. It contains a bank and several houses of pub- lie worship. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, and has considerable trade. BRIDGEPORT, t. Harrison co. Va. ; 2fi5 m. from W. BRIDGEPORT, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Monongahtla, separated from Brownsville by Dunlap's creek. BRIDGEPORT, y. Belmont co. Ohio, 18 m. from Wheeling, 283 from W. BRIDtiEPORT, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, on the E. side of Sasco river, and 10 m. NE. of Norwalk. BRIDGETON, t. Cumberland co. Me.; 3,1 m. NW. Portland, 130 NNE. Boston, 589 from W. Pop. 1,541. Here is an academy. BRIDGEIWVN, the capital of the island of Barbadoes, situate in the inmost pJirt of Car- lisle Bay, which is large enough to contain 500 ships, but the bottom is foul, and . 7,831. It contaiiLs a court-housf, jnil, n iiiarket-liouso, '2 bankw, a colli;{,'c, a tlicolofjical Ht'iiiiiiiiry, and si'vcral lioiiscs of public wor* .sliij), 1 for PrcMbytcrians, 1 for Episcopaliaiin, 1 for Dutch Kelbrined, 1 for Baptistn, and ] ior MctliotlistK. A considerable part of tbi- lovvn is Hituatcd ra*hcr low, but it is account- (d iualtliy, and hah considerable trade, 'riic (xportH consist cliirfly of fjraiii. The Knritun is naviijaiile as fui as this place for sloops of Mi tons. Here is a bridge across the river. Rutirers College was founded in this place by niiiiistera of tlie Dutcii Ilefbrmed church, in 1770. The buildinir is a handsome stone cdi- lice, 3 stories high. It has 5 instructo.s, and till' iiuiiilx r of students ranges from 70 to 100. ('oiiiiiienceinent, 3d Wednesday in August. 'J'lie first vacation is from cominencctnent to St'pt. loth ; tlie 2d, from Dec. 3lst to Jaii. 7th; the 3d, from April 7th to May 1st. IJIIUSII CREEK, r. Ohio, which rises in Ilighlaiid CO. and flows through Adams co. into tliu Ohio r. Large quantities of iron ore arc foiiiid near this r. and several iron works and furnaces have been erected upon it. UKL'SU CREEK, t Scioto co. Ohio. BRUSH CREEK, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. BRUTUS, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. 5 m. N. from Auburn, 17o N\V. from Albany, 400 from VV. Pop. ]Jt^21. It is a very good agricultural town. E.vcellcnt limestone and gypsum are found here. BRYAN, a small maritime co. (jco. Iwund- id on the nortli by the Ogecclice r. which di- vides it from Chatham co. ; the Cannouchee r. intersects it from the S\V. corner, fiilling into lliu Offecchee about tlie centre of the N. side. Top. 2,31!). The court-house of the county is al)out 1.) m. S. of Savannah, and 206 SE. by IL from Milledgeville. BRYAN, t. IJryan co. Geo. between the C^. niachio and Ogeechce r. about 2.5 m. SVV. by W. iroin Savannali. Lat. 31-^ 53' N. ; Ion. P 30' W. from W. BRYANTOVVN, v. Charles co. Md. on the road from Port Tobacco to ^innajwlis, 40 m. ."^SW, from the latter yilace. BRYANT'S CROSS ROAD.S, v. North- iiiupton CO. N. C. .32.5 m. from W. BRYANT'S LICK, SE. branch of Green river, Ken. BRYAR CREEK, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on E. side of the Susquehaimali. BR Y DIE'S STORE, t. Lunenburg co. Va. bO in. S\V. from Richmond. BUACIIE, r. N. A. which ri.ses in NVV. ter- ritory of the U. S. and runs to the Detroit r. BUCK CREEK, r. Ivcn. which runs into tin; Ohio r. BUOK CREEK, a large miU stream of <'lark CO. Ohio, a branch of Mad river, on which lias been erected, besides a consider- able number of mills, a cotton and woollen manufactory. BUCKFIELD. t. Oxford co. Maine, G m. E. Irom Paris, 150 IN ME. from Boston, 613 from W. Po|(. 1,510. Iron oru L f^mid here. BUCKilANAN, t. Harrison co. Va. 239 m. from W. 2B nUCKHANNON, v. Lewis co. Va. 282 m. NW. t'rcim Richmond. BUCK HEAD, creek, Geo. flilla into the Ogctelire r. (iO m. below Louisville. BUCKHEAD, t. Fairfield district, S. C. 35 m. N. from ('ohm>.bu.'<. BUCKHEAD, t. Morgan co.Geo. 50 m.N. from Milledgeville. BUCKHORN FALLS, v. Chatham co. N. C;. 315 in. from \V. BUCKINCiHA.M, co. central part of Va. l)omided NVV. and N. by .lamca r. E. by Huck- ingham co. S. by Prince Edward and Camp- bell cos. Fop. 1H,351. Chief town. New I 'an- ton. The court-house is about 20 m. SW. from New t^anton, I'M) from \V. BUCKIN(inAM,C.H. Buckingham co.Va. 45 111. NE. from Lynchburg. BU(;KIN(i HAM, t. Bucks co. Pa. 6 m. NW. from Newtown, 167 from W. BUCKINGHAM, t Wayne co. Pa. BUCKIN(iHAM, ca h. C. in the district of Three rivers, on the right side of St liaw- rcnce river. BUCKINCHIAM, t. L. C. in York co. on the Ottawa river. BUCKLAND, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10 m. WSW. fromtJrccnfield, 105 WNW. from Bos- ton. Poj). 1,031). BUC;K[-AND, t. Prince William co. Va. 40 m. from W. BUC;KLAND, t. Hertford co. L.C.on the right side of SL Lawrence r. 20 m. SE. from (Quebec. liUCKLAND, t. Wayne co. Mich. BUCKLESTOWN, t. Berkeley co. Va. 8 m. from Martinsburg. BUCKNERSVILLE, V.Christian co. Ken. 223 ni. SVV. from Frankfort BUCK'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Cumberland r. Lon. 84= 25' W.; lat Sti'' 46' N. BU('K'S HARBOR, bay of Uic Atlantic, on S. eo;;st of .Maiiio, in the U. S., W. of Miiciiius bay. 1 ,.m. 03° 31' W\ ; lat. 4P 42' N. BUt'ls'S, CO. Pa. on tlu; Delaware r. bounded SW. by Pliiladdpliia and Montgomery, NW. by Lrhigh and Northampton, and on the NE. and SE. separated from N. .1. by the Delaware r. ; lengtli 37 m. mean width 16 m. area 600 sq. ms. ; the surface liilly, or rather rolling, and delightfully variegated ; soil in general e.v- ccllent Stiiple.s, grain, flour, whiskey, fruit, cider, hay, and a great variety of other articles of minor importance. Besides the Delaware it is watered by tlic Neshaminy and Tochicon creeks, both fine mill streams ; the Perkiomen also rises in Bucks co. It is abundant in mills, and presents the aspect of a well cultivated and flourishing co. Chief towns, Doylestown, Newtown, and Bristol. Pop. in 1820, 37,842 ; in 1830, 45,740. BUC:KSKIN, t Rosn co. Ohio. BUC;KSP0RT, t. Hancock co. Me. on tlie E. bank of the Penobscot, 17 m. above Castine. It is a maritime town, and has a consid- erable trade. Pop. 2,237. It ia pleasantly situated, and has a good harbor with sufficient depth of water for the largest ships. ^Bi- ..,;{!> WSs} >. \ u Wm\ ' ''"'. jH {'• . P r ' *"^i !.^^i 210 BUG— BUL if f H f iH |;; '!4*t- L-;^:^^'i^ BUCKSTOWN, t. Dorchester co. JVld. 8 rn. SE. from Cambrid^' ". BUENAIRK, isl. in the W. Indies, belong- ing to the Dufcii. It is 52 in. E. from Cnra- coa. Lon. 67° 36' W.; lat. 12^ 26' N. BUENAVENTURA, r. of Mexieo, entering the Paeific Ocean, in New Cahlbrnio, at lUP N. lat. and 41= W. lon. from W. This river rises in the high mountain chain of C'hip|)e- wan, between N. lat. 40^ and '12=, interlocking sources with Lewis' Platte, and Rio (irande del Norte. Pursuing a south-western course of 700 ni. it is lost in the Pacific, We have given the position and extent of this stream from Tanner's Map of Mexico. BUFFAIiO, t. jwrt of entry and cap. Erie CO. N. Y. 22 m. S. from the Falls of Niagara, 90 ENE. from Prcsquc Isle, 222 NNE. from Pittsburg, 250 E. from Sandusky, 291 W. from Albany, 431 from W. Pop. 8,653. It is a pleasant and very thriving town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and lias a con- siderable trade. Two weekly newspapers are published here. This town was burnt by the British during the late war, but has since been rebuilt in an improved style. Being situated on the best channel of intercourse between the Atlantic and the regions of the west, Buffalo is destined to become a great emporium of trade. The town is built on the NE. side of Buffalo creek, a considerable mill stream which joins the lake half a mile below. The depth of water in Buffalo creek is sufficient for a har- bor, being 12 or 14 feet for a mile from its mouth, and the breadtli from -2 to 16 rods. Its only obstruction is the sand and gravel at its mouth, driven in by gales of wind. To pre- vent the sand from thus accumulating, a pier of 1000 feet in length has been built, which admits vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water to enter tlie harbor. BUFFALO, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 570. BUFFALO, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,416. BUFFALO, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,150, BUFFALO, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 375. BUFFALO, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 285 . BUFFALO, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Poj). 696. BUFFALO, V. Mason co. Vu. 389 m. from W. BUFFM.O, V. Lincoln co. N. C. 454 m. ftom W. BUFFALO, t. Union co. Pa. BUFFALO, t. Perry co. Pa. ' , , BUFFALO, t. Pike CO. Miso. BUFFALO, t. Erie co. N. Y. BUFFALO, East, t. Northumberland co. Pa. BUFFALO, West, t. Northumb. co. Fa. BUFFALO, r. Niagara co. N. Y. which runs into the Niagara r. at the outlet of lake Erie, and at the village of Buffalo. BUFFALO, r. Northumberland co. Pa. which runs into W. branch of the Susquehan- nah, a little above Lewisburg. BUFFALO, r. Tennessee, which runs SW. into the Tennessee. Lat. 35° 10' N. BUFFALO, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, above the Illinois. BUFFALO, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Red River. BUFFALO, r. Mis. which runs S. of W. and flows into the Mississippi, at Loflus Heights, 2 ni. above Fort Adams. BUFFALO, small r. Mis. in Wilkinson co. its course is nearly W. 40 m. falls into the Mis- sissippi 9 m. below tlie mouth of Homocliitto. The soil watered by this stream is generally hilly, but fertile, producing cotton and maize in abundance. BUFIVVI.O, small branch of White r. Ark. BUFFALO, small stream, Mccldenburg co. Va. falls into the Roanoke in the SW. angle of the CO. On this creek is a post-oflicc, 120 ni. SVV. from Richmond. BUFFALO CREEK, r. Va. which runs into tlic Ohio, above Wheeling. BUFFALO CREEK, r. N. C. which runs uito Broad r. Lon. 81° 46' W. ; lat. 35° IS* iV BUFFALO CREEK, Geo. runs into tiic Oconee, 30 or 40 m. below Milledgeville. BUFFALO FORK, Arkansas, rises near tlie N. bank of the Arkansas r. and runnin); 180 m. NE. joins White r 700 in. above its mouth. BUFFALO CREEK, Va. and Pa. rises in Washington co. of the latter, and falls into the Ohio r. at Wellsburg, Brooke co. of the former. BUFFALO LAKE, N. A. near the Copper Mine r. in Ion. 111° W.; lat. 67° 12' N. BUFFALO SHOAL, t. IredeU co. N.C. 12D m. from Raleigh. BUFFORD'S BRIDGE, v. Barnwell dis- trict, S. C. BUL A, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 233 m. from W. BULLET, CO. Ken. on the Ohio. BULLET LICK, salt lick in Bullet co. Ken, 20 m. from the rapids of tlie Ohio. BULLETSBURG, t. Boone co. Ken. 517 m. from W. BULL HILL, mt. in the Highlands, N. Y. hear the Hudson. Height, 1,391 feet. BULL ISLAND, S. C;. one of the 3 islands which form the N. part of C!liarleston harbor, near the coast. BULLITT, CO. Ken. bounded by the Oliior, W., Salt r. SVV., Nelson S., Shelby E., and Jrt- fersoii N. ; length, 30 m.; mean width, 10; area, 300 sq. ms.; surface hilly, and soil, tliougii varied, generally productive. Staples, grain, flour and salted provisions. C/hief town, Shep. pardsville. Pop. 5,660. Lat. 38° N. ; lon. 6° 30' W. from W. BULLOCK, CO. (Jco. Iwunded by Bryan SE,, Tatnall SW., Emanuel NW., and Seriven ami Eflingham NE. ; length, 45 m. ; mean brcadlli, 12; are! , 540 sq. ms. Surfuce i)art level, and part hilly; soil of :.i-lrjr.iig (juulity. Staides, grain, cotton, tobacco, &c. Chief town, Statt)^- borough. Pop. 2,586. Lat. 32° 30' N. ; lon. 5°W.'fromW. BULL'S B.\Y, on the E. coast of New- fbundland, nearly due E. 60 ni. from Plaeentia. Lon. from W. 24° 30' E. ; lat. 47° 20' N. BULLSKIN, t. Fayette co. Pa. on NE. side of the Youghiogany. BULLSKIN, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, in Clermont co. BULLTOWN, v. Lewis co. Va. 372 m. NW. from Richmond. •> - BUIr-BlIR SYl BULSTRODE, t. nuckingham co. L.C. a013l N. from iMiddleljury, 38 VVNVV. from Mont- A-hich runs into V, Barnwell dis- cd by the Ohio r. iclby E., and Jcf- ncan width, 10; , and soil, tliouf;li Staples, grain, 'hifftowni, Shell- s' N.; Ion. 6° 30' m. SE. from Three Rivers. i BUNCOMBE, CO. N. C. lioundcd bv S.C. S., I Hnywowl VV., Ten. N\V., Asiie NE., Burl m. ; mcun widtii, 2.); area, 2,12,3 sq. ms. Surface generally hilly and mountainous, and .soil reeky, thoiigh ia purl fertile. Staples, grain and flour. Chief town, Ashville. Pop. l(i,2.')!). UUNGAH-QUOIIEM, lake, Maine, 35 m. N. from Moosehead lake. BUNKEIl HILL, a stiep height oecupying the ecntre of tiie i)eninsul;i upon which stands the town of Charlestown, Mass, The southern extremity otters a less abrupt eminence de- tached from the main height, and properly cidli'd Breed's Mill. Here was fought on the 17th of June, 177"), the celebrated battle known as the Battle of Bunker Hill. (ien. Warren fell in the action, and tlic Americans finally retrciited from tlie s|K)f, but the British suffered the loss of nearly lialf their men and were un- al)le to make the least use of their advjintage. To perpetuate the memory of this obstinate struggle between the midisciplined militia of New England and the veterans of Britain, a noble monument has been commenced on the spot, and is now about one third finished. It is a plain obelisk of granite, and will be 220 feet high. BURDETTE, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. by the postroad 277 m. W. from Albany. BURFORD, t. Oxford co. U. C. between Windham and Dundas-strcet. BURGESS, t. Leeds co. U.C. north from Bastard. BURGETTSTOVVN, t. Washington eo.Pa. 248 m. from W. BURGOE'S GAP, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 209 m. from W. BURKE, CO. W. part of N. C. Pop. 17,727. Chief town, Morgantown. BURKE, CO. N. part of Geo. Pop. 11,833. Chief town, Waynesborough. BUIiKE, t Caledonia .co. Vt. 20 m. NNE. from Danville, 45 NE. from Montpelier, 534 from W. Pop. 866. BURKE'S CANAL, inlet on the NW. coast of America, formed by King's Island on the N. and New Albion on the S. Lon. 232=^ 10' E.; lat. .51° .57' N. BURKE'S GARDEN, v. Tazewell co. Va. 300 m. WSW. from Richmond. BURKSVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Ken. about 50 m. E. from Bowling Green, 708 ni. from \y. It is the chief town of the county, and contains a bank. BURLINGTON, t. Bradford co. Pa. BURLINGTON, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 4 m. above Wheeling in Kentucky, 10 NE. from St. Clairsville. BURLINGTON, Licking co. Ohio, Pop. BURLINGTON, t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 75 m. SE, from Chilicothc, 120 from Columbus, Pop. 140. BURLINGTON, t, port of entry and cap, Chittenden co. Vt on a bay of the same name in lake Champlain, 20 m, SSE, from Plattsburg, IK-lier, 7(1 N, from Wliitehall, 11)8 NW. from Boston, 501 from W. Lon. 73^ 1.5' W.; lat. 44^ 2H' N. I'op. .S,5-2(;. The village is very finely situnled, lying in the form of a parallel- ogram, having its slinrtt st side on the lake 100 rods in lengtli, the other extending back up a gradual asccMit a mile I'rom the water. It eon- tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a uni- versify, and 2 handsome Congregational meet- ing-houses. At the falls of Onion r. there are a woollen manufactory, a cotton manufactory, a paper mill, an oil mill, and other valuable mills. Burlington is a flourishing town, and of more commercial importance than any other in the state. The University of Vermont was incorporated in 17!U. The college edifice is a spacious and elegant brick building, 4 stories high, 160 feet long, 75 wide in the central part, and 45 on the wings, containing a chapel, 7 rooms for public uses, and 46 for students. It is finely situated on the east side of the village, one mile distant from lake Champlain, on an elevation of 330 feet above the surface of tlie water, and commands an extensive and de- lightful prospect of the lake, with its islands, of tiie high mountains along the western shore, and the surrounding country. The president's house, belonging to the university, is a linnd- some building of wood. The library contains 8 or 900 volumes. The philosophical appa- ratus is tolerably complete. The funds of the institution consist chiefly in lands, amounting to about 40,000 acres; but a small part of which is yet leased. The board of trustees is composed of the governor of the state, the s|)eaker of the house of representatives, and the president of the university, ex qfficiis, to- gcther with 15 gentlemen chosen by the legis- lature and holding their offices 9 years, but capable of a reapiwintmcnt. Five new ap- pointments are made every 3 years. The ex- ecutive government consists of a president, 5 professors, 1 of languages, 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy, 1 of surgery and the theory and practice of physic, 1 of anatomy and physiology, and 1 of chemistry, and 2 tu- tors. 'The number of students is 36, The studies of which a knowledge is necessary for admission, are the whole of Virgil, Cicero's Se- lect Orations, the Greek Testament, and Arith- motic. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Sallust, Cicero de Senectate and de Amicitia, Horace, GriBca Minora, part ofGraeca Majora, Clark's Introduction, Neilson's Greek Exercises, Adams' Antiquities, Murray's Gram- mar, Blair's licctures, and Arithmetic ; 2d year, Cicero de Oratorc, Livy five first books, Grojca Majora to the end. Elements of French, Geograpliy, I,ogic, Webber's Mathematics, Sinuon's Euclid, and Walker's Rhetorical Grammar ; 3d year, Tacitus' History, Cicero de Officiis, Enfield's Philosophy, Kaimes' Ele- ments of Criticism, Paley's Moral Philosophy, and Chemistry; 4th year, Locke on the Human LTnderstanding, Stewart's Philosophy, Butler'g Analogy, Paley's Evidences, Vincent's Cate- chism, Vattel's Law of Nations, Homer's Iliad, Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric, and El- 212 BUR— BUS W[l at i- m^' I •''-'V.illVr ' sfjfflf* %(il ; ■ *" i 1 ■ I ; .?! finrnla of IFebrow. For tuition, room rout, and iibrury, eiicli student piiyH $!() a yc.ir; for board, fVoni $1,50 to l,7."> u wet-k. Tlui com- inrnccnicnt Ih on the M Wcdnonday in Anff. 'I'bcrc arc only two vacatioiiH ; one from com- niciiccincnt, 4 wocits ; tlu; otlirr from tin; iid Wednesday in Dcfrmber, !( wrciks. 'Vhv cx- crci8C8 of tliis institution wore Husix^ndcd tor two years durinpf the late war, and the stu- dents were all dismitiscd. In August, 18I5, it was reorpnTiizi.'d. BURFJN(n'l)N, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 m. NN W. from Boston, 47(5 from W. Vo\u 4H(i. BURLIXGT( )N, t. Hartford co.Cf. I (; ni. W. from Hartford, 342 fnun VV. Pop. 1,U()1. BURLINGTON, t. Otsejro co. N. Y. 12 m. W. from (^ooperstown, 7y W. froui Albany, 366 from W. Po[). 2,4.5!). It is a ijood af,'^ri. cultural town, and contains 4 houses for public worship. BURLINGTON, co. N. J. on the Atlantic, and extending NW. to Delaware r. Pop. 31,066. Chief towns, Mount-Holly and Burlinffton. BURLINGTON, city, port of entry, and cap. Burlington co. N. J. on Delaware r. o]>|)o- Bit« Bristol, 11 m. belox Trenton, 17 aliovc I'liil- udelphia. It was settled in 1677. It contains a court-liousc and jail, 4 houses of public wor- ship, an academy, two flourishing boarding schools, 1 for boys and 1 for girls, a public libra- ry, and has some considerable manufactures. BURLINGTON, t. (Jeauga co. Ohio. BURLINGTON, v. and seat of justice. Law- rcnce co. Ohio, on the N. bank of the Ohio r. at the S. extremity of the co. 75 ni. SE. from C^hilicothc, and 110 SE. from Columbus. Lat. 38° 30' N. ; Ion. 5° 27' W. from W. BURLINGTON, v. Greene co. In. on the W. fork of VVliite r. 50 m. NR from Vincen- nes, and by the postroad 72 m. S^V. from Co- lumbus. BURLINGTON, v. Boone eo. Ken. 14 ni. SW. from Cincinnati, and by the postroad 83 in. a little E. of N. from Frankfort. BURLINGTON, t. Lycoming co. Pa. BURLINGTON BAY, forming the extreme W. part of lake Ontario, or rather a separate lake, as tlie surf has thrown up a bar of sand and pebbles. Over the outlet, a good bridge has been erected. BURNCOAT ISLAND, t. Hancock co. Me. Po|). 218, BURNING SPRINGS, the name given to ccrtiin springs in the W. part of the state of N. Y. chiefly in the towns of Bristol, Middle- sex, and Canandaigua. They emit gas which may be set on fire. At Bristol the gas rises from the clefts of the slate rocks on the mar- gin of a brook, and liere it burns continually with a steady flame. Where it rises through the water it is formed into bubbles and flashes when the flame is applied. In Middlesex, the springs lie along a tract about a mile in length, partly at the bottom of a valley. The gas arifles from the summits of little hillocks of a dark bituminous mould, and burns with a steady flame. In winter, wlion these hillocks arc covered with snow, openings arc made through it, and the gas, when set on fire, burns in contact with tlio snow. Sometimes lubes ol" ice are Uirniefl nlmut the currents of gas, and rise to the height of several feet ; wlieti several of these lire liglited at once in a still evening, the illiiiniiuilion prfMlnees a most bril- liant etl'ect. There is another burning sjiring U|X)n Niagara river, about half a mile above the falls, and within a tew feet of the rapids; the water is charged with Kuijilinretted hydro- gen gns. In the SK. part of lake Erie, al)oiit 20 rods from the shore, is a burning sprinir rising from the Ijottom of the lake. The water is here 4 or 5 feet deep, and the stream from the spring is thrown to the surfac(> with con- siderable force. When a brand is applied tit the water, it bursts into a flame. If drunk, il piTives a powerful emetic. BURN'I' CABINS, Bedford co. Pa. BURNT CORN, t. and seat laf justice, Mon- roe CO. AliibaiMii. BURNT ISLAND, small island in the At- lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68^ l.V W. ; lat. 4 1^ !!' N. BURX'I' ISLAND, on tlic S. coast of New- fo'indland, 15 ni. ESK. from Caix; Ray. Lon. 58= .'^0' W. ; lat. 47^ 30' N. BURNTLOIKJf';, r. N. A. which runs into tlie Missouri, 6 m. W. from Hratton's r. BURRILLVILLE, t. Providence eo. R. f. in the NW. corner of the state; about 24 in. WNW. from Providence. It contains a ban!; and several cotton manufactories. BURRTOWN, t. Ruthertbrd co. N. C. 498 in. from W. BURTON, t. StraflTord co. N. If. 88 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. BURTON, t. (Jeauga co. Ohio, on the Ciiy- nhoga, about 10 m. SE. from Chardon, 343 from W. Here is an academy. BURTON, t. Sunbury co. N. Brunswick, on the W. side of St. Johns river. BURTON, t. Washington co. Miso. BURTONSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va. 108 m. from W. BURTUSH, harlwr, on the NE. coast of N. Brunswick, 15 or 20 m. from the S. extremity BURTZTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa. BURY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 70 or 80 m. SE. from Three Rivers. BUSH, r. Md. which runs into Chesapeake bay, belmv Hartford. BUSH CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware, in S. part of Wayne co. BUSHKILL, t. Northampton co. Pa. BUSHKILL, creek, Northampton co. Pa. falling into the Delaware r. at Easton. It is between 20 and 30 m. long, and one of tlie fiiu'st mill streams in the state. BUSHVILLE, V. Franklin co. Geo. by the postroad 126 m. N. from Milledgeville. BUSHWICK, t. Kings co. Long Island, N. Y. on the N. side of Brooklyn, and on East River. Pop. 1,620. BUSKIRK'S BRIDGE, v. Washington co. N. Y. 432 m. from W. BUSTARD, r. L. C. enters the St. Lawrence near Manicouigan Point. BUSTI, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 350 ni. o little S. of W. from Albany. . BUS-CAn 213 N. H. 88 111. nUSTLETOWN, t. riiilatl.li)lii;i co. Pii. 1 » m. NK. from l'liiln<)a. Here is mi ariKlciny. mVVlA'Al, <•<>. I'll. Ik tvvciii the Alli'trliiuiy iitid Ht'iivcr, rivers, Itoiiiidid S. Iiy Allc;,fli!iny, W.hy Hi'iiver, N\V. l»y iMcrccr, N. Iiy N'ciuiiiiio, niul !■'.. by Ariiistniiiif; Icimtli, ."I") m. ; iiic.iii widtli, i-i i ari!.'!, H ID si\. ins. ; siirliiC'' liiliy, Imt soil poiifnilly t'crliK; .iiul ucll wiitircil. Cliii 1' town, IJiitlir. l'()|). I l,ti-.'f. IJU'J'LER, t. Hutlir co. I'a. Vap. in \&2i), m. liVTLEll, iKir. and cup. of IJutlcr co. I'a. I'o|). in ISIO, -J-^'). JUITU'lli, CO. Ken. on (Jncn r. lionndod S. liy Lojfan, VV. by Alnlilt^nlicrL', N\V. by Ohio, NM. by (Jruyson, and Sl-l. by Warren; k'ngtli .').'< in. ; mean widtli, 2'> ; area, SJ.! sq. ins. ; .sur- faci! tfi-ntly \vaviii' N. . BVltKh'UY, f. Philadelphia CO. Pa. UN' l''ll';i,l), a villag(! in EtiSt-x co. Mass. 5 III. ."^W. tr,.:u iNewl)iiryi«)rf. It is siliialrd round the head of the tide on tin river Parki r, and between this and Mill river. It contains a cotton and woollm iiianulactory, and a num. Imt of valuable nulls. Dunn ler Academy, wliieli is well endowed, and has a g';.^! library, is in this parish, near Newbury|»ort turnpike. Near the meeting-house tlmre is a res|)ectable seminary li)r the instruction of yoiuig ladies in the liiiflier branches of' education. BVRA, t. C'ajie (iirardcau co. .Miso. BYRAr Newtown. BYUAM, r. which rises in N, Y, and. runs into Long Island Sound. It (onus, for a short distance, tliii Ixjundary l>etweun N. Y'ork and (.'oiiiiecticut. BYRNVILLE, t, Schoharie co, x\, Y, 31 ui, W, iroiii Albimy, BYROiV, V. (ienesce co, N, Y. Pop, 1,931). mi BYRAM, t, Sussex co.ff. J, It adjoins ♦x) CAAMANA, Cfipe, on the NW. coast of America. Lon, 22^^ 17' E, lat, r>:,^ 29' N, (^ABARl'l'A, isl, otr Jamaica. Lon. 76^ 40' W. lat. 18^24' N, ( 'ABARRAS, a small co, situatc^d in the in- terior of N. ('arolina, lying W, of the Yadkin river. Pop, 8,796, Chief town, Concord, 143 111, WSW, of Raleigh, CAB ARRAS COURT-HOUSE, Cabarras CO. N, (-arolina, CABBAGE INLET, channel between two small islands, on the coast of N, Carolina, communicating with New river, Lon, 78° 7' W, lat, 34° 3' N, CABELL, CO, Va, bounded by Ohio river NW, Mason and Kenhawa NP], Giles and Tazewell SE. and by Kent, or Big Sandy river SW, Length 50 ni. mean width 35; area 1,750 sq, ins. It is a mountainous, hilly, and rocky region, with much fertile soil, well wa- tered and wooded, Poi). 5,884, CABELLSBURG,or New-Glassow, t. Am- hcrst CO, Va.; 28 in, ENE, Madison, 195 from W. CABL\ CREEK, r. Ken. wliicli runs uito the Ohio. (;ABIN POINT, t. Surrey co. Va.on Upper Chipoak creek; 26 m. ESE. Petersburg, 171 from W. CABOT, t. Caledonia co, Vt, ; 9 in. W. Dan- ville, 19 NE. Montpelier, 534 from W. Poji, 1,304, It is on the height of hnd between the Connecticut and Lake Champlain. CABOT'S HEAD, U, C, very large pro- montory running into Lake Huron, VV, of Ciloucestcr, or Matchcdash Bay, and embays a large [lart of that lake at its easternmost ex- tremity, stretching itself towards tiic Manitou islands, CABO DE CRUZ, point on the S, side of Cuba, Lat. 19^ 48' N. 1 t^im 214 CAD— CAL : i f ."'1 I NFl. ])oint of I-at. l!)-^ (;AIJ0 DK ST. JliAN, tlif Porto Kico. Lilt. IHT 24' N. CAIJUON, (V//)r, St. Domiii-o, 23' N. CACHK, t. ArkoncoB Territory, on Wliitc river, 53 in. W. of tlic inoutli of St. KruiuuN river. (^ACIIF-d, (. in Nefrrnlniid, srnted on the r. St. Doiiiin^d. It is siihjcrt to llic I'ortiiirucsc, who have tlirco forts, and carry on a jfreat trade in flax und slaves. Lon. IP 55' E. lat. ~C'ArF\LEY'S t. Bath co. Va. postroad 211 m. NW. hy W. from Kiclimond. (■ADIZ, t. and cap. Harrison co. Oliio, Ifi m.NW.Rt. C'lair8viilc,25 W. StcnlKiiville, :J(I2 from W. It is a tLrivinj^ town, and cont;.nis II It iron the county l)uildin*s CADIZ, V. and seat of justice of Tripfr co. Ken, on Little river, postroad 232 m. SW. Frankfort. CADO, r. Arkansas Territory, one of the branches of IJttle Hed river. ('AI)O, t. ('lark co. Arkansas. CADRON, or Qiiailrant, t. and caji. Pnlaski CO. Arkansas, laid out on a hifrh and rocky sjwt on the N. side of the river Arkansas at the mouth of a small creek of the same name, 15(1 m. by land from the town of Arkansas. Ilcri; is a convenient harl)or for boats. CiESAR'S CREEK, t. Green co. Ohio. CAIJABA, CO. Ala. bounded W. by Tucka- loosa, N. by Siielby, E. by the Coosa river, and S. by Montgomery and Dallas. Lcngtii 55, breadth 43 m. ; area 2,265 sq. ms. CAIIABON, t. Mexico, 25 m. W. from Vera Paz. CATIAWBA, Kahawha, or Caho, r. Ala. which, after a southerly course, unites with the Alabama, 160 m. below its forks, the Coosa and Tallapoosa ; and 210 above its junction witli the Tombigbee. CAHAWBA, t. Ala. Dallas co. at the junc tion of the river Cahawba with the Alabama, 77 ni. in a right line NE. St. Stephens. It was laid out in 1818. CAHNAWAGA, v. in Johnstown, N. Y. near the Mohawk ; 39 m. NW. Albany, CAHOKIA, t. St. Clair co. 11. about 1 m. E. of the Mississippi ; 5 m. below St. Louis, 20 N. Harrisonville, 52 NNW. Kaskaskia, 978 from W. It is a French village. CAHOOS FALLS, in Mohawk river, 3 m. above its mouth. The river here is alwut 1,000 feet wide ; the rock over which it pours, ex- tends across the river obliquely from SW. to NE. and is 70 feet high. From the bridge 5 of a mile below, the falls are in full view. CAICOS, cluster of islands between St. Do- mingo and the Bahamas. The largest, called the (Jrand Caico, is due N. from St. Domingo. Lat. 21° N. CAIMAN'S, or more correctly Cayman's, a group of small islands in the Caribbean sea, to the NW. of Jamaica. Lon. 5° W. from W. lat. 19° 15' N. CAIMITES, 3 islands near the west coast of Hispuniola. CA-IKA, V. Cumberland co. Vo. ; 62 in. W. from Richmond, 1H5 from VV. CAIRO, or ('anion, i. (Jrrene co. N. Y. m. \V. Alh( ns, .'VlO from \V. Top. 2,912. is a coMsideruble town, and iius Monie works. CAIRO, t. Alexander co. II. at the junction of tlic Oiiio witJi tlio Mississippi, HO m. S. Kas. kiiskiiis. CAIRO, t. Lancaster co. S. C; 468 m. from NV. CAIRO, or Crasfoiit, t. Sumner co. Ten. on tlie Cumberland; 30 ni. E. Nasiivilk, "iL'-J from W. CALAIS, t. Washington co. Maine. Pop, i,6m;. CALAIS, t. Wasliington co. Vt.; 11 m. NK. Moutpelier, 5;)H from \V. Poj). L.I.'Jll. It is an excellent agrieidfwral town, and contains ii nail manufactory, and vahiai)le mills. CALAIS, or Srooilic Fall)>,t, Washington CO. Me. on the St. ('mix ; (iM ni. NE. MiirliiaK, 41H N E. Boston, H 13 from W. Pop. l,6s(;. CALt^ASir, r. La. vliieh rises several S. of Natehito(Ji('s, an' pursuing a S. course, |)asses through a laki (>;' the same na'nir, and j m. below the lake f'ow ji mto the (iulf of Mexi- co, lat 29- 3t)' N. I.i.ke (Weasiu is nhoiit IHI m. long, and 10 or 12 (wh;'rc widest) broad. CALDWELL, an interior co. in the wi stern part of Kentucky, bounded on the SW. hy tlie great Cumberland river. Pop. i^,332. Eddv ville, on the N. bank of the river, alwut 3(1 ni. above its entrance into the Ohio, and 200 SW. of F.Miikfort, is the chief town. C» i DWEIjL, or Fort Ocnrge, I, and cap. Warr.n co. N. Y. at S. end of Lake (nor^'e, 62 m. N. AUianv, 415 from W. Pop. 71'7, This is becoming a place of resort, on account of file beautiful scenery around Lake (jJeorjre. CALDWELL, t. Essex co. N. J. It ad joins to Newark. CALDWELL'S BRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Ten. CALEDONIA, co. E. side of Vt. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Connecticut river, S. liy Orange co. and W. by Washington and Or- leans cos. Pop. 20,967. Chief towns, Dan- ville and Peacham. CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. W. from Genesee river, on the road from Avon to Batavia, 30 m. W. from Canondaigua, and 1" E. from Batavia. Gypsum aboimds in tlio township. Pop. 1820, 2,645. CALEDONIA, t. Livingston co. N. Y. ly- ing to the W. of Genesee river, and S. of Erie canal, 245 m. W. of Albany. Big Spring, re- markable for the abundance of its waters, is in this township. Pop. 1,618. CALEDONIA, v. Washington co. Miso. CALEDONIA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. on flie W. side of the Genesee; 10 m. E. from Bata- via, 246 W. from Albany, 378 from W. Pop. 2,355. CALEMUT, or Salamaiiie, r. Ind. which runs into the Wabash, 12 m. E. from Eel Town. CALEMICK, Big and Utile, 2 smoll rivers CAf^CAM 215 ,. ; C2 in. W. :o.N.Y.; 11 ,i>.2,nr2. It 18 Homo iron I IliP jmirtiiin bU in.S. KuH- . C. ; 4f.8 111. rincr co. Ten. )!' Nashville, VJ-J Maine. Pop. 0. Vt. ; 11 in. Top. l,.^i:n the Koutl) side, above the Portlfi: tagiie, r. c. CALI'M H'P, /'«in< rtw, on Iiakc Hiiprrioi I'. C. on the N. .HhoH", the tirst |M)inl W. of i Dii Cliciic, iM'twcen wliieh places the eoaxt, consisting ol'p(d in 1()38, in less than 20 years alter the tirst settlement of N. England. Its officers are a president, 20 professors, 5 tutors, an instructor in French and Spanish, a proctor, and a regent. The library is the second in America, containing '2Ui CAM-CAM § I?f '1 '».f "♦* ,* :• # 41 upworili* of n5,f)t)0 voliiinri'. 'I'lio pliiliwN)|ilii. c-fil (irid (:lu!iiii<:iil ii|i|iiiriitiiN lire coinitlt'tt'. 'riirni nn^ tM'lon);iii;f toting I'liivfrHity, 11 vulu- iiblii ciiliiiiot oriiiimrulH, nn t'Xi-i'llcnt nnalonii- riii iiiUN(!iiiii, ami a lK)tiiiii(! ((iinlcn, Minlniniiii; H ucTCH, iiiul rurriiHlicil with mi cxtciiHivi: col- Ifctioii of trccM, KJinihs, nnd |ilntitN, liotti iiii- tivo 011(1 lorciifii. 'J'lie roll( ^;r ImildingM «:oii- niHt of the I'liivrrnily Miill, which in nn clr- friiiit HtoiK! edifice, coiitairiinif the chn|K'l, diti- iii^ ImllH, and lecture roninM; idirvard Hail, ciintainin^; the lihrnry, phiifiNopiitcal appara- tiiN, niuHeiini, &c. ; 4 HpaeiouM lirii'k ('difi(!CN, containing rooniN l()r HtiidentH; und tievrrnl other biiildiritTH, fiir thu acconinuxtation of tlic prcHidcnt, (jroli'ssorH, and xtiuientN. A law Hchor>l, medical hcIiooI, and theolop;icnl Henii- iiary, form part of the UniverHitv. 'J'lie num- l)or of studentH ranfjea from J to '100. A preutcjr mimlx-i' of HtiidentN has heeii educated licre timn at any other collcgi; in the country. 'I'hc Htudies of which a knowltdtfe ix neccH- Bary in order to admission into tiie freHJnnan class, arc Virpil, Sallu«t,, ( 'icero'B Select Ora- tionH, (trii'ca Minora, (Jreek Testament, An- cient und Modern (ieofjraphy, Arithmetic throurrh alliiration, medial and alternate, und Alpehra to the end of simple ccpiations. t'lmrsp of Study, — 1st year, (irn'ca Majora, Livy 5 books, IJorace, (irotius de Vcr. Rel. ChriH. Ejfcerpta Latina, Aljjehra, Geometry, Ancient History und (.'hronolo^fy, AVolker's Rhetorical (irannnar, Enpflish Gnunmar, and Adams' Koman AntiijuitiLS. 2d year. Grceca Majora continued, Excerpta Latina finished, Cicero do Oratorc, 'I'rijfonometry, Navigation, liloir's Lectures on Rhetoric, Modern History and Clironolofjy, Hedge's Ijogic, and Locke on the Human Understanding. 3d year. Grojca Majora fini.shcd, Locke finished, Ffomcr's Il- iad 4 or 5 books, Juvenal and Tcrsius, or equivalent jwrt of Tacitus, Paley's Evidences, W'illnrd'a Ifebrcw Grammar, part of the He- brew liihle, Gricsbach's (ircck i'estament criti. cally, Enficld'H Natural Philosophy and As. tronomy, Stewart's Philosophy of the Human Mind, Pulcy's Moral Philosoi)hy, and Mensu- ration of Superficies and Solids. 4tli year, I'hificld and Stewart continued. Conic Sections, Spheric Geometry, (Chemistry, Burlamaqui on Niitural and Political liUW, Paley's Moral and Political Philosophy, Political Economy, and JJutler's Analogy. The annual amount of tlie college charges, to those who arc not beneficiaries, is as follows : Steward, $10; Board in common, 38 weeks of term-time at about $3 jwr week, $114; room rent, 812 ; instruction, two first years, $4G each year, 3d year $64, 4tli year $74, ave- rage $57 50 ; librarian, repairs, lecture-rooms, catalogues, and contingencies, $8 ; wood, $1() ; lK)oks used in classes, $15; total, $232 50. Commencement is Jield on tlie last Wednes- day in August. There are 3 vacations : the first from the commencement, 4 weeks and 2 days; the second, from the 4tii Friday in De- cember, 7 weeks; the tliird, from tlic tiiird Friday in May, 3 weeks. The whole number educated at this colli go, from its foundation to IKIO, was 5,.';;iH; of whom 1,377 had devoted Ihi'NiHi Ivi'N (1) )lir ChrlMtian miniiitry. CAMIilHlMiE, \\rit,\. MidilteNrxco.Muiw. (! m. N. from ItoMton. Pop. I,2.'t0. J'AMIUHIMiE, t. W'HHhinglon eo. N. Y. 12 m. S. (roiii Siilem, :»."» NK. AllNiriy. Pop. 2,:tl!t. Ill iHiti, 2 towiiH, White rrci k ami Jaekwiii, wero Hit off from Cambridge. Here \n im nendiMiiy. CAMHKIIM;E, v. Franklin eo. Vt. on or near La II loe lie river, .'18 m. NW. from Mont, peher. Pop. I,(;i3. CAMDKN, t. of .')l). CAMDEN, t. of Kent co. Delaware, 3 in. SW. from Dover C; AM DEN, eo. of N. C. Iwunded by All*, marlo Sound SE. Pa^ipiotank county and rivrr SW. Virguiia N. and Currituck and North river NE. Length 38 m. mean width 6; area 22H sq. ms. Chief town. New Lebanon. Pop. 1820, (i,721. CAMDEN, /?«»/, t. in tlie Midland district, lies northerly of Ernesltown, IJ. (.'„ CAMDEN, t. in the co. of Kent, called nlM ('ainden West, on tlio N. side of the river Thames, opposite to Howard, N. C. CA.MDEN, t. Waldo co. Me. on Penobsmt Hay, about 12 in. E. from Thomaston, and .'17 E. from Wiscasset. Pop. 2,200. It is a small but growing village, and carricH on tho buni- ness of burning lime. CAMDEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. NW. Rome. It is settled chiefly by emigrants from Unn. Pop. 1,945. (;A-MDEN, t. and cap. Kershaw co. S.C.on tho E. side of tho Wateree, at tho junction of Pine-tree creek, .35 in.Nl]. (Columbia, 120 N. by \V. Charleston, 10!> NE. Augusta. Lat. 3-4° 17' N. Ion. 80° 54' W. It is regularly laid out, und contains 200 houses, a court-house umi jail, an academy now Injlonging to the ( )rpliiHi Society, a masonic hall, a brick murket-liousc and library, an arsenal, 3 flouring mills and other mills, 4 religious societies, viz. an Epis- copalian, a Presby te ian, a Baptist and ft Mt^tli- odist. The river is navig iblc for boats of 71) tons, and tliere is a lively trade with the back country. It is memorable for two battles fought here during tho revolutionary war ; nnr the Ifith Aug. 1780, between Gen. (iates and Lord Cornwallis ; tlie other, the 23d April, be- tween Gen. Greene and Lord Ruwdoii. CAiMDEN, c6. of Geo. forming the SE. an- gle of that state, on tlie Atlantic ocean ; bound- ed by that ocean E. by Florida S. and SW. on tho W. limits uncertain ; and by Glynn N. Lengtli 28 m., mean width 25 ; area 700 ki|. ms. Surtiice flat, soil sandy, and in some parts marshy. Staples, sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco, &.C. Chief town, Jefferson. Pop. 4,578. CAMDICN, port, NW. coast of America, in Prince Frederick Sound. Lon. 56° 45' from W. lat. Sfif) 55' N. CAMEL'S RUMP, a summit of the Green Mountains in Chittenden co. Vt. I'he summit is on the E. line of Hmitingtou ; 20 ni. E. by CAM— (AN 517 . Y. 20 m. NW. A from Burlinifton, 2l» W. by N. frwn Mont- 1 ( AMIV ) III:F,I,( >, |»r..vinc.' of Nrw HriitiN. jn-lur. It in oiii- of till- liii'lifKl HuinmiU of tlif wirk, n I! rlilr iHliiiiil iit flin iniHitliof I'lisHinnii. (irRi'ii MniiiitiiiiiM, Hhd itH ht:i}r|it In I'lttiiiiattil (|iio(l(ly Itny, H('|iiiiiil>'(l oti tlic S\\ . Iiy n mir. ul M.UlO ti( I. row iKiXKiii;!' I'l tin l.iilirr. It In nUiul I'm. ('.\.VIi;U()N, t. StculM-n CO. N. Y. I'o|). Ion;,' iiml fnim 1 to ;i liroid, ciiiifaiii." iiiniiv I'X. \)'2i. t'rilriit liiirlMirH, iinil Iiiim iii;iiiy iKlviiiiliiycM liir CAMlfdiL'S, t. ()iutiiiliii:ii CO. N. York, otii I'oiiiiin'rrc mid the tisliiricM. 'I'lic huMk nru S.Hidf ()t'S«'n»«ii riviT ; Hi iii. NW. from ( (iion. now in the li.uidn of ii hiii'^dr |ir"|(ii( tor, \>\\\ if (Intra, Kill VV. from Alhiiny, iind 100 t'rom W.lortirid li)r nulr, tew |»1;,(jl'h would Hcltio iiioro l'o|i. ^'.'iM. \ri f'Xtensivu iiiiiic of gypnum in rapidly. tuiind ill llii town. lAAII'\.(iN ('in:i:K, r. OIlio, which tloWH into thi! OIlio, H III. iibovc (•iilli|M)lts. CAMIMUIM., rd co. ; X'lH 111. from VV. ro|i. 1,';,704. Chief towiin, Lyiiclilmrtr urid New liondon. C'AMI'UKIJ,, II CO. of (Jeorfriii. Top. 3,323. (!aiii|ilH'Iltnii in the cupital. CAMI'HKLf., C. II. mid t Campbell co. Vo. 10 III. S. from I.ynchburir. CAMI'BELIi, CO. Ken. on both nideH of Licking river, o|i|)osile to the city of (.'iiiniii- nati; bounded by the Ohio river N. and Nl!. by Pendleton .S. and by Itoune W. Iieii}rtli 32 in., mean width 10; area 3:2() sq. ms. Sur- I'acc hilly, Hoil productive. Staples, jrriiin Hour, whiskey, live stock, salted provisions, and fruit. Chief town, Newiwrt. Pop. U,8D3. Lat. 3:1° N. Ion. 7= 10' W. CAMPBELL, CO. Ten. in atrian(Tular form, bounded by Kentucky N. by Clinch river SK. and by Anderson SW. Len in. \. lioin I'lvinonth, 7t) NNW. from I'ort.-moiilli, ,Jls iVom W. Pop. i,3i:». CAMPVILLE, V. Spartaiiliurg district, S. ('iiroliiiM. C AMI'S' I PAW, V. Bcrgin co. N. J.; SW. of Jersi y City. CANAAN, Essex co. Vl. in \E. corinr of the state, on the Coiiiiccliciit ; )^,"i in. IS E. from .Moiitp< licr, (iOti troiii \V. Pop. 'AYX C;ANAAN, t. Somerset eo. .Maine, H. CANAAN, t. I.itehtield o, Con.; 18 m. NNW. from Litelifield, .'i'.^i from W. Pop. 2,301. It is on llie E. side of the Iloiisalotiic, which separates it from .Salisliury. 'I'he river has a fall here of GO iLet perpendicular, which atfords seats for various mills and manufucto- rics. CANAAN, South, v. Ct. in S. part of Ca. naan ; 345 from W. CANAAN, AV(/-, t. Fairfield co. Ct; 6 m. NW. Norwalk. Pop. l,K2t). CANAAN, t. Colmiibia co. N. Y. ; 23 m. NE. from Hudson, 25 SE. from Albany, 35G from W. Pop. 2,0(i 1. 'Phere are two meet- ing-houses for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Shakers in this town. CANAAN, t. Wayne co. Pa. CANACAUEA LAKE, in Iloneoy, N. Y. between Honcoy and Hemlock Lakes; 4 m. long, and ,f m. broad. CANADA, a British province. See p. IGl. CANADA CREEK, WrsI, r. N. Y. which runs south into the Mohawk, in Herkimer. Length 60 ni. CANADA CREEK, East, r. N. Y. which runs S. into Mohawk, W. into Stone Arabia. Length 30 m. CANADA CREEK, r. small N. branch of Wood creek N. Y. CANADAWAY, creek, N. York, in Cha- tauque co. enters Lake Erie about 2i W. from Dunkirk. CANADAWAY, v. in Pomfret, N. Y. on a small river of the same name which runs 12 m. NW. into Lake Erie. CANADEA, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Fop. in 1620, 696. ':tt}j^'M>.f 218 CAN— CAN •till 1 ' ii'^riPi '':H;I: fl«. CANADIAN RIVER, the preut soufh- western brancli of Arkansaw river, risis by two large branches in t}ic mountains ol' New Mexico, and flowinrr by coinpanitivc cniirscs al)out 600 n). each, unite at N. hit. '.i't , and 18° W. from VV. Below the confluence of thf two principal branches, the C'iinadian Fork continues E. 40 m. where it unites with tiic Arkansaw, rcceivinpf in the intermediate dis- tance another large branch from the S\V. For the true position, course, and relative extent of the Canadian Fork, the public stands indebted to Major Long. CANAJOHARIE, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on S. side of the Mohawk ; 49 m. VV. from Albany, 418 from W. Pop. 4,348. There are 3 churches for the Dutch Reformed, and 1 tor the Baptists in this town. CANAJOHARIE CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs NE, into the Mohawk, at Canajoharie. CANAL, t. Genesee co. N. Y. CANANDAIGUA, or Canandarqva, t. and cap. Ontario co. N- Y. ; N. of Canandaigua Lake ; 88 ni. E. from Buffalo, 110 W. from Utica,208 W. from Albany, 365 from W. Lon. 77° 20' W. lat. 42° 49' N. Pop. 5,162. The village is situated at the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, and contains a eourt-housc, a jail, 2 banks, one of which is a branch of the Utica bank, a state arsenal, a respectable academy, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, and has an extensive and increasing trade. The surrounding country is fertile. Two newspa- pers are publish'^d here. CANANDAIGUA, lake, N. Y. in Ontario CO. 15 m. in length, and 1 in mean width. It receives a number of creeks, and discharges its waters at the village of Canandaigua, into on outlet which flwws NE. 20 m. joining Mud creek at Lyons, The level of Canandaigua Lake is about 670 feet above that of the At- lantic ocean, 1 05 above tliat of Lake Erie, and 299 above ti.. ^ 't western canal at Monte- zuma. CANANDAIGUA, t. Ontario co. N. Y. in- cluding the village of the same name. Pop. in 1820, 4,680. CANANDAIGUA, r. N. Y. which runs from Canandaigua lake, NE. into the r. Sen- eca, in Junius. Length 45 m. CANARD, small r. of U. C. falls into De- troit r. between Amherstsburg and Sandwich. CANARD, Isle au, in the St. Lawrence, at the confluence of the river des Prairies. CANARDS, or Duck river, U. C. falls into the Detroit 1 m. below Grand Turkey island. CANASARAGA, t Madison co. N. Y. 425 m. from W. CANASERAGA CREEK, r. N. Y. which unites witli the Chitteningo, 4 m. from Oneida lake. CANAVARNAL, bay of the U. S. on the Pacific coast. Lon. 47° W.; lat. 45° N. CANDIA, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. SE. from Concord, 36 W. from Portsmouth, and 513 from W. Pop. 1,362. CANDOR, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. E. from Spencer, and 328 from W. Pop. 2,653, CANDKONS, {.Arkansas eo« Miso. lerri- tory; l,3.'iU m. from W. CANDY'S C REEK, t. Cherokee nation, in the N\V. part of Georgia. CANEADEA, t. Alleehany co. 10 m. SW, from Angelica, and 285 W. from Albany. Pop. 7(^2. CANESUS LAKE, in SW. part of Ontario CO. N. Y. 8 m. long and 2 broad. It lies chiefly between Genesee and Livonia, and discharges its waters into the river Genesee. CANFIELD, t. Trumbull co. Ohio; 10 m. W.' from Poland; 14 S. by E. from Warren, 50 N. from Steubenville, and 291 from W. CAN ION IS, t lia. on the Arkansaw. CANISTEO, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the Canisteo; 20 m. SW. from Rath, 265 WNW. from Albany, and 318 from W. Pop. 620. CANISTEO, r. Steuben co. N. Y. which runs into the Tioga, near the village of Paint- ed Post. It is navigable for boats to Arkport, 40 m. CANISTOTA.v. in Lenox, Madison co. N, Y. on the Great Western Canal, 27 m. W. from Utica. CANISTER, t. Steuben co. N. Y. CANNAIJGHQUENESING, t. Butler co, Pa. It is watered by a rivulet of the same name. CANNAVERAL, cape of Florida, N. lat. 28° 22'. It was off this cape, April 29tli, 1814, that the British brig Epervier, of 22 guns, and 128 men, was captured by the U.S. sloop Peacock, captain Warrington, after an action of 42 minutes. CANNONBALL, r. Louisiana, which flows into the Missouri, 1,500 miles from the Mis- sissippi. CANNONSBURQ, t. Washington co; Pa. on a branch of Cliartier r. 7 m. ENE. from Washington, 18 SW. from Pittsburg, and 244 from W. It has an elevated and pleasant situation. Jefferson College was founded here in 1802. The college edifice is a spacious building of 3 stories. The funds are small, not exceeding 8,000 dollars. The library con- tains 2,500 volumes. The philosophical appa- ratus is not extensive. The board of trustees consists of 21 members, of whom 8 may 'le clergymen. The executive government is in- trusted to a president, a vice-president, and 2 professors, one of the languages, and one of the natural sciences. The present number of students is 120 — the number of instructors, 7. The college classes are three, viz. the Sopho- more, Mathematical, and the Philosophical classes. The studies of which a knowledge is required in order to be admitted into the sophomore class, are Cossar's Commentaries, Ovid, Virgil, and the Greek Testament. The studies of tlie sophomore class are Horace, Cicero's Orations, Groeca Minora and Majora, Greek and Roman Antiquities, Geography, &c. The studies of the mathematical class are the Elements of Geometry, Algebra, Practical Geometry, Chemistry, Natural Phi- CAN— CAP 219 .. N. Y. 10 m. E, m W. Pop. 2,653. !a8 CO* Miso. terri- Dhcrokec nation, in f whom 8 may 'ie V)8ophy, Rhetoric and History. The studies of the philosophical class consist of Logic, Moral Philosophy, Philosophy of Rhetoric, Metaphysics, together with a review of the studies oi' the preceding classes. For tuition each student pays 20 dollars a year; and for board from $1..')0 to 2.01) a week. The com- mencement is held on the fourth Wednesday in September. There are 2 vacations of 3 or 4 weeks eneh, one in the spring, and the other in the autumn. The western country has been supplied with more than 100 clergymen, who have received their i diication, in whole or in part, at this college. Tliere is a theologi- cal school connected with the college, under the direction of the vice-president. CANNONSBURG, township, Washington CO. Pa. GANNONSVILLE, v. Delaware co. N. Y. 141 m. SW. from Albany. CANNOUCHE, r. Geo. rises about 30 m. S. from Louisville, and joins tlie Ogeechee, about 20 m. above its mouth. CANOE, r. Mass. which unites with the r. Taunton, at Taunton. CANOE CAMP, t. Tioga co. Pa. 240 m. from W. CANOE RIVER, r. N. A. which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 92° 3' W. ; lat. 42= 55' N, CANOGA CREEK, r, N. Y. which joins the Seneca, in Fayette. CANONIOUT, isl. belonging to Newport CO. R. L It contains the town of Jamestown —is 7 miles long, and 1 broad ; 3 m. W. from Rhode Island. On S. end, called Beaver's Tail, there is a liglit-house. It is a beautiful island, and has a fertile soil, producing good crops of grass and grain. CANSO, seaport of Nova Scotia, on a strait which separates Nova Scotia from Cape Bre- ton. Near this town is a fine fishery for cod. Ion. 553 W.; lat. 4.53 20' N. CANTERBURY, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on E. side of the Merrimack, opposite Bosca- wen; 9 m. N. from Concord, and 513 from W. Pop. 1,663. Here is a village of Sliakers, containing 2 or 300 souls. CANTERBURY, t. Windham co. Ct. on W. side of the Quinebaugh ; 10 m. E. from Windiiam; 14 N. from Norwich, and 371 from W. Pop. 1,881. It is a pleasant town, and contains 3 Congregational meeting-houses, and 1 for Baptists, and an academy, CANTERBURY, t. Kent co. Del. 126 m. from W. CANTERBURY, v. Orange co. N. Y. on the right bank of the Hudson r. CAVTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. SW. from Boston, and 448 from W. Pop. l/Al. CANTON, or West Shnslniry, t Hartford <». Ct. 15 m. WNW. from Hartford, and 351 from W. ^ CANTON, t St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 15 m. E. from Ogdensburg, 200 NW. from Albany, and 570 from W, Pop. 2,440. CANTON, t Luzerne co. Pa. CANTON, t. Washington co. Pa. CANTON, t. and cap. Stark co. Ohio, situ- ated ill the forks of the Nimislullen creek ; 45 m. NW. from SteubenvUle, 95 WNW. fkira Pittsburg, 130 NE. from Columbus, and 472 from W. It is a flourishing town, and con- tains a bank, a printing-office, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Presbyterians, and 70 dwelling-houses. Tho first house was erected in 1805. CANTON, land district of Ohio, includes part of Stark, and all of Wayne and Richland COS. and is composed of 21 ranges of town- ships, comprehended between the Grenville treaty line on the S. and the Connecticut Western reserve on the N. excepting the seven easternmost ranges which belong to the Stcu- bcnville district. The land-ofilice for this dis- trict is at Worcester, in Wayne co. CANTON, L Bradford co. Pa. CANTON, t. Wilcox co. Ala. on the left bank of the Ala. r. about 40 m. by water be- low Cahaba. CANTON, V, Belmont co. Ohio, on tlie Ohio, opposite Wheeling, Va. CANTON, (New,) t Hawkins co. Ten. 749 m. from W. CANTON, (New,) t Buckingham co. Va. on S. side of James r. about 60 ra. SW. from Richmond, and 166 from W. CANTON, t Oxford co. Me. 67 m. NNW. from Portland. CANTON, township, Hartford co. Ct Pop. 1,437. CANTWELL'S BRIDGE, or Apo^ini- mink, V. New Castle co. Del. on Apoquinimink creek; 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 49 SW. from PhHadelphia. It contains about 30 or 40 houses. CANY CREEK, r. Ala. which flows into the Ten. 20 m. below the Muscle Shoals. CANY FORK, r. Ten. which runs into the C'umberland, 50 m. E. from Nashville. CAPATINA, creek, and t. Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. below Wheeling. CAPE, t Cumberland co. Me. Pop. in 1820, 52. CAPE ANN, on the coast of Mass. Lon. 70037'W.; lat423 35'N. CAPE BRETON, an island forming part of the British dortiinions in America, lying between the N. end of Nova Scotia, and the SW. point of Newfoundland. It extends, in a N. by E. direction, from the lat. of 45° 30' to 47' 6' N. and from'thc lon. of 59° 45' to 6P 3.5' W. forming a barrier between tJie Atlantic ocean and the gulf, wJiich it completely land- locks, and forms into a vast inland sea; the passage between the NR end and Newfound- land being about 65 m. wide, intercepted, however, by tlic island of St. Paul, and just within the gulf by the Magdalen group of isles. Cape Breton is indented from N. to S. by spacious b-ys, dividing it into two islands, joined togetlicr by a very narrow isthmus, i'he coast on all sides is also much indented by bays, making the figure of the land very irregular. Its area, however, amonnts to about 40,000 pq. ms. The French first formed a set- tlement upon this island, in 1712, which sur- rondered to a British force from New England, ill 1745, aiid was coufirmed, with all the other 220 CAP—CAP French possessions in North America, to Eni^- land, by tlic treaty of 17()3. Its most distin- guisliinfj property is its rich strata of coal of superior quality; with some dreary surtace it also presont? some very fertile spots, well wooded, and coutaininp a variety of wild ani- mals, the skins of whicli Ibrin a brancii of its traffic. I.oiiisliourp, the chief town, is situated on tlic Atlanlic coast, in the lat. of 45^ 51' N. ; Ion. ,V.P 55' W. The cliief oceu- pation of the people, not only of Louisbourp, but of tlie whole island, in addition to agricul- ture, is the cod fislicry, which they pursue to some extent for the West India and other markets. Total population of the island, about 4,000. It was constituted a separate govern- ment in 17S4, under a licutenant-governor, ap- pointed by the king ; but by a stretch of au- thority on the part of the legislative assembly and council of Nova Scotia, it has reverted as a province to that government, to wliich it was originnllv attached. CAPE CHARLES, cape of Virginia, at E. side of the mouth of the Chesapeake ; 12 m. N. from Cape Henry. Lon. 75= 58' W.; lat. 37° 12' N. CAPE COD, peninsula, on the S. side of Massachusetts bay. Its shape is that of a man's arm bent inwardrf, both at the wrist and tlie elbow. It is about 65 m. long, and from 1 to 20 wide. A great part of this peninsula is sandy and barren, and in many places wholly destitute of vegetation; yet it is populous. The inhabitants obtain their support almost entirely from the ocean ; the men being con rardoau, and extends GO m. being from .1 to 5 broad, to the low-lands of the St. Francis. CAPE GIRARDEAU, t. Cape Girardeau CO. Missouri territory, on the Mississippi ; 20 m. above the mouth of the Ohio, 72 below St. Genevieve, and 927 from W. Lat. 37° 15' N Pop. 100. CAPE HARBOR, N. A. on the coast of Me. at N. extremity of Wells' bay. Lon. "O^ 24' W.; lat. 43° 18' N. CAPE HATTER AS, on the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 75° 30' W. ; lat. 35° 14' N. Tills is one of the most remarkable and dan- gerous capes on the coast of N. America. CAPE HENLOPEN, or James, cape, on the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Deia. ware bay, 18 m. SW. from Cape May. Lon. 75° 6' W. ; lat. 36° 47' N. Here is a light- house. CAPE HENRY, on E. coast of Virginia, at the mouth of the Chesapeake, 12 m. S. from Cape Charles. Lon. 76° 21' W. ; lat. 36° 58' N. CAPE HENRY, formerly Cape Fran^ois,l on the N. coast of tlie island Hispaniola, on a promontory at the edge of a large plain 60 m. long and 12 broad. Its harbor is one of the most secure and convenient in the whole island. It was the last town retained by the French in Hispaniola, and was surrendered to the blacks in 1803. It then contained 900 houses and 20,000 inhabitants. 30 leagues E. from Cape St. Nicholas. Lon. 72° 16' W. ; lat. 19= 46' X, CAPE HOPE, the NW. point of Martha's Vineyard, Mass. on which is a light-house. CAPE LODO, or Mad Cape, on S. coast of stantly employed at sea; and the boys, at a Louisiana, at the mouth of the Mississippi very early age, are put on board the fishing Lon. 71° 42' W. ; lat. 29° 10' N. boats. In consequence of the violent east winds, it is supposed that the cape is gradually wearing away. Lon. of the cape, 70° 14' W. ; lat. 42° 4' N. CAPE COD BAY, between Cape Cod pten- insula, and Barnstable and Plymouth cos. Mass. CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT, on W. coast of N. America, and N. entrance into Columbia river. Lon. 124° 59' W. ; lat. 46° 19' N. CAPE ELIZABETH, t. Cumberland co. Me. 4 m. SW. from Portland, and 116 NNE. from Boston. CAPE ELIZABETH, N. A. on the coast of Me. Lon. 70° 11' W. ; "lat. 43° 33 N. CAPE FEAR, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 78° 9' W. ; lat. 33° 48' N. CAPE FEAR, or Clarendon^ r. N, C. the largest in the state. It is formed by the con- fluence of the NE. and NW. branches, which unite above Wilmington, 35 m. from the ocenn. The NW, branch rises in the N. part of the state, and is navigable for large boats to Fayetteville. The NE. branch rises in Sampson co. and is navigable for boats 70 m. CAPE GIRARDEAU, co. Missouri, on the Mississippi, bounded N. by St. Genevieve and Washington cos. and W. by the county of St. liOuis. Pop. 7,430. Jackson is the seat of justice. The lands on the Mississippi and the St. Francis are fertile. The Great Swamp I CAPE LOOKOUT, on the coast of N. Car- olina. Lon. 76° 37' W. ; lat. 34° 22' N. So late as the year 1771, this cape afforded an ex- cellent harbor, capacious enough for a large fleet in good deep water ; but the basin is now filled up. CAPE MAY, CO. N. J. bounded N. by Glou. cester co. SE. by the Atlantic, SW. by Dela- ware bay. Pop. 4,945. CAPE MAY, on the coast of N. J. at the mouth of the Delaware, 18 m. NE. from Cajm Henloiwn. Lon. 74° 52' W. ; lat. 38° 57' N. CAPE MAY COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat of justice in Cape May co. N. J. o few m. N. from Cape May, 34 SE. from Bridgetown, and 74 from Philadelphia, in the lat of 39° N. and 75° W. CAPE NEDDICK, cape and t York co. Me. 53 m. SW. from Portland. CAPE PEM AQUID, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 69° 27' W. ; lat. 43° 48' N. CAPE PORPOISE, on the coast of Maine, Lon, 70° 23' W. ; lat. 49° 21' N. CAPE ROSIERS, Me. in Penobscot bav. CAPE ST. MICHAEL, Seigniory of L.C. in Surrey co, nearly opposite Quebec, CAPE SMALL POINT, on the coast of Maine, forming the E, limits of Casco bay, C;APE VINCENT, v. Jefferson co, N, Y. 498 m. Irom W. CAPHON SPRINGS, medicinal springs, in commences 5 m. S. of the town of Cape Gi-lVa. 22 m. WSW, from Winchester, The war CAP— CAR 221 yc'xng ftom 3 to 5 ! St. Francis. Cape Girnrdcmi c Mississippi; 20 >hio, 72 below St. Lat. 37° 15' N. on the coast nf Is' bay. Lon. 70' the coast of North . ; lat. 35° 14' N. narltablc and dan- ' N. America. • James, cape, on le mouth of Dcla- Cape May. Lon, Here is a light- oast of Virginia, at ke, 12 m. S. from W.;lat.36°58'N. ly Cape Franqois^l id Hispaniola, on a a large plain 60 m. irbor is one of the in tiie whole island, ;d by the French in idered to the blacks ;d 900 houses and igues E. from Cape W. ; lat. 19=46' N. '. point of Martha's I is a light-house. 'ape, on S. coast of the Mississippi, 10' N. he coast of N. Car- at. 34=22' N. So ape afforded an ex. nough for a large ut the basin is now ounded N. by Glou- itic, SW. by Dela- last of N. J. at the m. NE. from Cape lat. 38° 57' N. LOUSE, V. and seat N. J. a few m. N. m Bridgetown, and e lat of 39° N. and »e and t York co. .nd. the coast of Maine. 48' N. he coast of Maine. 11' N. n Penobscot bay. Seigniory of L, C. te Quebec. on the coast of ts of Casco bay. fefferson co. N. Y. ^edicinal 8pring8,in nchestcr. The war tcrs are impregnated with magnesia, sulphur, Hoda, carbonic acid, and arc much visited. CAPOIjK^A, small r. of Mexico, in the in- tendency of Oaxaca, flows into the (iulf of Tchuanteijcc. liOn. from VV. 1 \P W. ; lat. 16^ N. CAPTAIN JOHN'S MILLS, v. Montgom- ery CO. Md. CAPTINA CREEK, Ohio, runs into Uie Ohio r. 23 m. below Wheeling. CAPTINA CREEK, V. Belmont co. Ohio. CARAVELLE, cape of the island of Mar- tinique, on the NE. coast. Lou. from. W. 16° 4'E.; lat. 14=55' N. CARIACO, isl. in the West Indies, depend- ent on (Jrcnada. CARIBBEAN SEA, that part of the Atlan- tic Ocean lying between Cuba, St. Domingo, and Porto Rico on the N. and the republic of Columbia S. See Amencn, CARIBBEE ISLANDS, the most eastern islands of the W. Indies, divided into Wind- ward and Leeward islands. CARIBEUF, island in lake Superior, about 200 m. NW. from the falls of St. Mary. CARIBOU, r. Canada, runs into tlieSaguena. Lat. 4't= 2!)' N. CARINACOU, one of the Grenadilla islands in the W. Indies, \, ith an excelleut harbor, 16 m, NE. from Grenada. CARLIN SETTLEMENT, sec Franklin. CARLISLE, t. Middlesex co. Muss. 20 m. NW. from Boston. Pop. 566. CARLISLE, t. Sclioharic co. N. Y. 8 m. W. from Schoharie, 40 W. from Albany, 384 from W. Pop. 1,748. CARLISLE, bor. and cap. Cumberland co. Pa. 15 m. W. from Harrisburg, 120 W. from Philadelphia, 101 from W. Lon. 77= 10' W. ; lat 40= 12' N. It is pleasantly situated, reg- ularly laid out, built chiefly of stone and brick, and has considerable trade. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, 2 banks, and 7 houses of public worship. Dickinson College was founded in this town in 1783, but at present it is not in a flourishing condition, CARLISLE, V. Nicholas co. Ken. CARLISLE, V. Bourljon co. Ken. C.iRLISLE BAY, on the S. coast of Ja- maica, W. coast of Barbadocs, and island of Antigua. CARLO DE MONTEREY, San, the prin- cipal settlement of New California, on the W. coast of N. America, in the lat. of 36= 36' N. and 121= 34' of W. lon. It is beautifully sit- uated within a small bay of the same name, first discovered by Cabrillo in 1542. It was atlerwards visited by the count de Monterey, from whom it received Its present name. The forests and mountains preclude much inter- course with the interior; nor does it ap])ear tliat there is any considerable river, cither N. or S. for some distince ; otherwise it would be an inviting spot for colonization. CARLOW, V. Hopkins co. Ken. about 200 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. CARLYLE, V. Washington co. II. on the lefl bank of Kaskaskia river, 27 m. SE. from Vandalia. CARMEL, t. Hancock co. Maine, 35 m. NW, from (^astine, 240 NE. from Boston, 670 from W. CARMEL, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 26 m. SE. from Poutriikeepsie, .'Jll from W. Pop. 2,379. CARMEL, t. Pi nobscot eo. Me. 15 m. W. from Bangor. Poi). 237. CARMEL, t. Geo. in the Cherokee Nation. -!|| CARINII, t. and cap. White co. Illinois, on the liittle Wabash, 20 ni. al)ove its mouth, 40 N. from Shawneetowii, 831 from W. It is a flourishing town, situated in a very fertile country. The Iiittle Wabash is navigable for some distance above the town. (^ARMICHAELS, t. Greene co. Pa. CARNARVON, t. SE. part of Berks co. Pa. (•ARNARVON, t. in the NE. part of Lan- caster co. Pa. CARNESVILLE, or Franklin, t, and cap. Franklin co. Geo", on the Salwcgee; 125 m. NW. from Augusta, 604 from W, CAROTJNA, North, see page 100. CAROLINA, South, see page 104. CAROLINE, t. in the NE. angle of Tioga CO. N. Y. CAROTJNE, CO. E. side of Md. bounded NW. by Queen Anno co. E. by Delaware, S. by Dorchester co. and W. by Talbot co. Pop. 9,070. C^hief town, Denton. CAROLINE, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. 199 m. W. froiTi Albany. Pop. 2,633. CAROLINE, CO, Va, bounded N. by the Rappaliannoc r. ESE. by Essex, King and Queen, and King William cos. SW. by Han- over CO. and NVV. by Spottsylvania co. Pop. 17,774. Chief towns, Port Royal and Bow- ling Greeh. CAROXDELET, or Vide Poche, French village, Missouri, on the bank of the Missis- sippi, 5 m. below St. Louis. It is a French settlement of about 50 houses. C ARONDELET, Canul of, at New Orleans, extends from the bayou St. John, 2 m. to a basin in the rear of the city. Vessels drawing 5 feet water enter the basin. By this channel, water conmmn'ication is open from N. Orleans into lake Ponchartrain. CARPENTER'S POINT, v. Orange co. N. Y. 269 m. from W. CARRION CROW, creek, of La. forming part of the limit between Opclousas and At- tacapas. CARROLL, a co. at the W. extremity of Tennessee, bordering on Wood Lake, contigu- ous to the Mississippi r. Pop. 9,378. Hunt- ingdon is the cliief town, (^ARROLLSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ten, 96 m. SW. fi'om Murfreeslwrough. C:ARR()L\'ILLE, t. Jctterson co. Ala. CARROLTON, v. Greene co. Illinois. CARRON ISI,AND, small island near the coast of N. C. in Albemarle Sound. Lon. 76" 10' W.; lat. .35= 46' N. CARR'S MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H. in EUs- worth and Warren. CARRYING, or Portage River, Ohio, runs into the SW. end of lake Erie, 15 m. from Sandusky. CARSONVILLE, v. Ashe co. N. C. 195 m. NW. from Raleigh, i' S22 CAR— CAS CARTER, ro. East Tennessee. Pop. 6,418. Chief town, Elizubethtown. ■yiBC" 'C^TERET, CO. N. C. on C^re Sound. *bi>i"6,607. Chief town, Beaufort. ■CARTEL'S, t. Stokes CO. N.C. 355 m. SW. fiDmW. " CARTER'S, t. Scott co. Indiana, 80 m. S. from India najwiis. CARl'ER'S BAY, on NW. coast of America. Lat. 52° 58' N. CARTER'S CREEK, r. N. C. whicli runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 34° 42' N. CARTER'S MOUNl'AIN, mt. Albemarle CO. adjoining Monticello, a little to the SW. 2 m. S. from Charlottesville. It is about 800 feet above the Rivanna. CARTER'S STORE, v. Halifax co. Va. CARTERSVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Va. on the S. side of James River, 42 m. W. by S. from Richmond, 171 from W. Here is a to- bacco ware-house. CARTHAGE, v. in Brighton, Ontario co. N. Y. at the lower falls of the Genesee, 5 m. from lake Ontario, and about 30 NVV. from Canandaigua. Carthage bridge, erected across the Genesee, lately fell. It consisted of a sin- gle arch of 352 feet chord, resting on abut- ments of solid rock, which rise to the lieight of 150 ft!ct. CARTHAGE, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. ]\Ioore co. N. C. 40 m. NW. from Fayetteville, 381 from W. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Smith co. Ten. on the Cumberland r. 50 m. E. irom Nashville, 140 W. from Knoxville, 691 from W.^ It con- tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a print- ing-office, a Baptist and a Methodist meeting- ' house. CARTHAGE, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 6 m. N. from Cincinnati. CAR^rHAGE, t. Athens co. Ohio. CARTHAGE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. below the falls of Genesee r. 2 m. N. from Rochester. CARTHAGE, v. Tuscaloosa co. Ala. 50 m. NW. from Cahaba. CARVER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 8 m. W. from Plymouth, 38 S. from Boston, 447 from W. Pop. 076. Here is a pond whicli contains val- uable iron x)re, and the town has 3 furnaces. CARVER'S RIVER, Missouri, which runs into the St. Peters on the N. side about 40 m. above the junction of the latter with the Mis- eissippi. CASADA, lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. 7 m. from Dunkirk, on lake Erie. Casada creek, the outlet of this lake, communicates with that branch of the Conewango which flows from Chatatique lake. CASAGIANDE, t. of New Mexico, in the N. part of New Navarre. Here is an innnense edifice, siipposed to have been built by the an- cient Mexicans tor a fortress ; it consists of 3 ** ' floors, with a terrace aliove them, and the en- trance is at the second floor, so that a scaling- ladder was necessary. Lon. 113° 23' W. ; lat 33° 40' N. CASCADES, Isle de, in the St. Lawrence, at its entrance into lake St. Louis. CA9CO BAY, isl. N. Brimswick, in Passa. maquoddy bay. CASCO BAY, in Maine, between Cape Eli. zabeth on WSVV. and Cape Small Point on ENE. Within these capes, which are about 20 m. apart, there are about 300 small islands most of which arc cultivated, and are much more productive than the main land on the coast of Maine. Portland harbor is on the W. side of the bay. CASDAGA, small lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. aboot 8 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. It is connected by a river of the same name, 40 m. long, with the Conewango. The river is navi. gable throughout its course for boats of 20 tons. CASPAGA, t. on the Casdaga creek, about 60 m. SSW. from Buflalo. CASEY, CO. Ken. Pop. 4,342. Chief town, Liberty. CASEYVILLE, v. and scat of justice, Cascv CO. Ken. Lat. 37° 22' N. ; lon. 7° 32' W. " CASH CLAP SETTLEMENT, V.Johnson CO. Ten. 907 m. from W. CASH RIVER, Illinois, which flows into the Ohio, 7 m. above its entrance into the Mis- sissippi, 15 below Willdnsonville. CASH RIVER, NW. Territory, runs into lake Superior, 3 m. E. from Dead river. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth. CASHIE, r. N. C. which runs into the Roan- oke. Lon. 77° 3' W. ; lat. 35° 57' N. CASHVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S.C, 111 ni. N. from Columbia. CASPIAN, or Beautiful, a small lake in Grocnsborough, Vl. It is a head water of the Lamoile. CASSA GRANDE, ruins of Mexico, in Sn. nora, on the Rio Gila, These very extensive and curious remains are evidently of Aztec construction, though separated above 1000 m. from the otlier existing monuments of that anciently civilized peojile. The ruins, which are known by pre-eminence as la Casa Grande, are situated on a jJain near the bank of the Gila. Lon. from W. 36° 2.5' W.; lat. 33°4n'N. CASSEDY'S CREEK, v. Nicholas co. Ken, 538 m. from W. CASSEIJ/S STORE, v. Amelia co. Va. CASSINA, or Red Cedar Lake, N. America, one of the sources of the Mississippi r. It is about 8 m. long and 6 broad, and discharges itself by a winding stream 50 m. long into lake Winnipoc. The waters of the (^aspina arc pure and transparent, and are supplied with pike, carp, trout and catfish. It has an island covered with red cedar trees. Its shon's are lined with the elm, maple, and pine, intcr- six-rsed with fields of Indian rice, reeds, and rushes, and here and there a gravelly beach. On the NW. side it receives two streams, the Turtle and La Beesh. CASTAH ANA INDIANS, Louisiana, at the sources of the Platte. No. 1,500. CASTILE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. CASTINE, r. Me. which rims into Penob- scot bay. It is 14 m. long, and navigable 6 m. CASTINE, B-p. and cap. Hancock co. Me. on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 122 m. ENE. i^ CAS— CAT 223 swick, in Passa. jtwecn Cape Eli- Small Point on which arc nbwit lOO small islands, 1, and are much lain land on the rbor is on the W. atauque co. N. Y. lake Erie. It is lame name, 40 iti. The river is navi- )r boats of 20 tons, daga creek, about ,342. Chief town, at of justice, Casey Ion. 7° 32' VV. VIENT, V. Johnson which flows into ranee into the Mis- nville. erritory, runs into I Dead river. It is runs into the Roan- 35° 57' N. nburg district, S.C. , a small lake in head water of the hc! of Mexico, in Sn- se very extensive evidently of Aztec ated above 1000 m. nonumcnts of that The ruins, which as la Casa Grande, ar the bank of the W.;lat. 33°40'N. Nicholas co. Ken. Amelia co. Va. Lake, N. America, Vlississippi r. It i9 ad, and discharges 11 50 m. lonp into ers of the (^assina and are supplied catfish. It has an ar trees. Its shores [)lo, and pine, inter- an rice, reeds, and 3 a gravelly beach. ■8 two streams, the '^S,IiOuisiana,attlie 1,500. N.Y. , „ runs into Penob- and navigable 6 m. p, Hancock co. Me. 'bay, 122 m. ENE. o. h from Portland, 250 NE. from Boston, 693 from W. Lon. 68° 40' W. ; lat. 44° 24' N. Pop. 1,1,55. This is a pleasant and flourishing town, finely situated, lias a coiiiniodious and excellent harlwr, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a bank, and has considerable trade. CASTLKMANS, the eastern constituent branch of the Youghiogeny river, rises in Alleghany co. Md. between Meadow and Ne- gro mountains. It first flows NE. alKiut 12 in. into Somerset co. Pa. Through the latter CO. tliis stream curves 30 m. and falls into the Youghiogeny, 11 m, N. from tlie Md. line, and opposite the eastern foot of Sugar Loaf inoun- tiun. Tlic fall in this stream is considerable, where it is passed by the U. S. road. CASTLETON, t. Rutland co. Vt. 65 m. N. from Bennington, 65 SSW. from Montpclier, and 434 from W. Pop. 1,783. Here is an academy. Bombazine lake is chiefly in this town. CASTLETON, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 357 m. from \V. CASTLETOWN, t. Richmond co. N. Y. on N. end of Staten Island ; 9 m. SW. from New York. Pop. 2,204. The Marine Hospi- tal, which may accommodate 2 or 300 sick, and the Quarantine and Health establishments of flie city of N. Y. are in this town. CASTOR, t. Madison co. Miso. CASTOR'S RIVER, Newfoundland, falls into St. John's harbor. CASWELL, CO. N. part of N. C. 307 m. from W. Pop. 15,499. Ciuef town, Pittsbo- rough. CATACO, CO. Alabama. CATAHANOSA, parish. La. E. of the Miss. 48 m. above New Orleans. CATAHOOLA, parish of La. bounded by Concordia E. and SE. Rapides S. and SW. and by Ouachitta N W. and N. ; length 80 m. mean width 25 ; area 2,000 sq. lus. Surface hilly in the SW. part, and level in tlic NE. It is nearly intersected into two equal sections by Ouachitta river. The soil is in general extremely sterile, and covered with pine tim- ber. Some very productive tracts lie along the streams, upon the small prairies, and on Sicily island. Staples, cotton, live stock, and Iun\ber. No town of any consequence. CATAHOOLA, r. of La. rises in the par- ishes of Natchitoches and Ouachitta, and flowing SE. enters the parish of the same name, expands into a lake 30 m. in length, by from 3 to 6 m. wide, turns E. contracts again to a river of about 70 yards wide, flows 10 m. and joins the Ouachitta and forms Black river, afler an entire comparative course of 120 in. The country drained by the Catahoola is gen- erally sterile pine woods. CATAHOOLA, lake of La. This lake is remarkable. It is a natural reservoir, filled and emptied by turns. When the Mississippi river is rising, it throws a volume over the intermediate space into the Ouachitta, which thus swelled, forces the current to repulse into |ne Catahoola lake, which then becomes filled; "Ut 08 the Mississippi depresses, tlie water drains from the lake, and in autumn, its hot- torn becomes one great meadow of succnlcnt IicrlKigc, with the river winding its deviou* wav fhroni,''h its widespread plain. CATAHOOLA, t. Rapid co. La. CATAIlUNK,onc of the Elizabeth islsiidgy Mass. CATAKA INDIANS, N. A. at the head of Tongue r. La. No. 300. CATAIJNA, harbor, on the E. coast of Newfoundland, S. from (.'ape Bonavista. Lon, 24° 50' E. ; lat. 48° 40' N. CATARACT RIVER, N. A. falls into the Columbia, about 200 m. from its mouth. CATARAUdUS, co. SW. part of N. Y. bounded N. by Niagara and Genesee cos. E. by Alleghany co. S. by Pa. and W. by Clia- tauqiic CO. Pop. 16,726. Ellicottville is the chief town. CATARAUGUS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 469 m. from W. CATARAUGUS, r. N. Y. which after a W. course of 40 m. falls into Lake Erie, 25 m. S. from Buffalo'. CATARAUGUS RESERVATION, lies on the NE. side of the above r. and commencing 4 m. from its mouth, it extends 10 m. along the r. and is 4 wide, containing about 37,000 acres. The number of Indians is alxjut 700, among whom a mission is established by the United Foreign Mission Society. CATAWBA, r. which rises in NW. part of N. C. and passes into S. C. where it takes the name of Wateree. It unite* with tiie Cougarec about 30 m. SE. from Columbia, to form the Santcc. CATAWESSY, t. Nortliutiibcrland eo. Pa, on S. side of the Susquchannah, at the en- trance of a small r. of the same name, 26 m. ENE. from Sunbury, and 144 WNW. from Philadelphia. CATAWISSA, t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. branch of the Sustiuehannah, 20 m. NE. from Slinbnrv. Pop. 2,520. CATETANT CREEK, r. N. Y. joins the Oswesro ; 23 m. long. CATFISH FALLS, t. Jeflcrson co. 192 m. NW. from Albany. CATHARINE, t. Tioga co. N. Y. W. from Spencer. CATHARINESTOWN, t. Tioga co. Y. 165 m. NW. from New I'ork, and WSW. from Albany. CATHANTS, r. Me. which runs S. into Mcrrymeeting bay, at Bowdoiidiam. C;ATHERINE'S, St. island on the coast of Geo. in lat. 31° 30' N. ; lon. 81° W. . CATILE, V. Rapide co. La. CAT ISLAND, on the coast of La. and Miss, about 6 m. long by one quarter of a mile mean width ; lying between the passes of Marianne and SE. It was on the outside of this island that the British fleet lay during the invasion of La. 1814 and 1815; 53 m. NE. by E. from New Orleans. CAT ISLAND, the name at present given to Guanahani, or St. Salvador, one of the Ba- hamas, and tlic spot where the first discovery of America was made. Columbus discovered this island on the 12th of October, 1492, land- which N.Y. 18 m. N, 200 It 224 CAT— CAT ed upon it, and took formal possession in Iho plnce from Catskill, a distance of 12 m. Tlie namn of the i( CHA— CIIA 227 I. Ohio, 4 ni. N. geason a steam-troat plies from VVIiitthall to St. John's tliroiijrh its wliole length. A battle was tmi^ht on this lake on the 11th of Sept. 1814, in which the American fleet under commodore Macdonough gained a complete victory over I he Britirth. C'HANCEFORD, Upper, t. York co. Pa. CHANCELIiORVILLE, v. Spottsylvania CO. Vn. 75 m. N. from Richmond. CHANDELEUR ISLANDS, in the gulf of Mexico, near tiic coast of W. Morida, CHANDLER'S RIVER, r. Me. which runs into Englishman's bay. CHAPALA, the largest lake of Mexico. It lifR just above lat. ^0° N. about 120 m. W. of the city of Mexico, and is 90 m. long and 20 broad, covering an area of 122.5 sq. ms. CHAPEL HILL, v. Orange co. N. C. on a branch of Cape Fear river, about 14 m. S.from Hillsborough, and 24 W. from Raleigh. The situation, in an rlevateU and l.-roken country, is pleasant and heaHliy. It is the seat of the University of N.C. This seminary was incor- porated in 1708, and liberally supported by public donations, and private benefaction. The revenues are at present ample. It has 9 in- structors, and 6i> students. 'I'he libraries have about .5,000 volumes. The studies of which a knowledge is required in order to gain admis- sion to this institution .ire (Iti'siir's Comment- aries, Sallust, Virgil, Mair's Introduction, ."ind ten chapters of St. .John's (jlospcl. The studies during the first two years, are the languages and geography ; during the third year, mathe- matics ; and during tiie fo\irth, natural, intel- lectual, and moral philosophy. The annual expenses for Iward, tuition, &c. amount to about 140 dollars. The commencement is held on the first Thursday in Junfc, after which there is a vacation of 6 weeks ; there is another va- cation of 4 weeks in December. (JHAPLINTON, t. Barren co. Ken. CHAPMAN, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 400. CHAPTICO, t. St. Mary's co. Md. 12 m. NW. from Leonardtown, and .56 from W. CHARATON, cast, and Charaton, west, 2 rivers of Missouri, rising in the angle between TiCs Moines river, and Grand river, and flow- ing S. fall into the Missouri 220 m. above St. Louis, and 120 below the mouth of Kansas r. CHARDON, t. and seat of justice, Geauga CO. Ohio, 12 m. from the mouth of Grand river, 160 NE. from Columbus. Lat. 41° .35' N.; Ion. from W. 4° 15' W. CHARETTE, t. Montgomery co. Miso. on the N. side of the Missouri river, 40 m. above St. Charles. CHARITON, CO. Miso. bounded S. by Mis- souri river and Howard co. W. by Ray co. E. by Ralls co. and N. by the state line. This county is drained by the two Charaton rivers. Chief town, Chariton. Lat. 39° 30' N.; Ion. from W. 15° 30' W. CHARITON, t. and cap. of a county lately «et oflT from Howard co. Missouri, is under a bluff on the river of the same name, at the confluence of the Little Chariton. If contains several handsome brick houses, a saw and grist mill, a distillery, and 2 hotels. It is 25 m. VV from Franklin. Pop. about 300. CHARLEMONT, t. Hampshire co. Mass. CHARLEMt>NT, t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 m. W. from (;rcenfield, 110 WNVV. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,065. CHARLES, CO. Md. bounded N. by Prince George co. E. by St. Mary's co. S\V. and W. by the Potomac Pop. 17,666. Chief town. Port 1'obacco. CHARLES, r. Mass. which flows into Bos- ton harbor, near that town. CHARLES, Cape, the N. point of an island in the S. channel of Hudson's Strait, leading into Hudson's bay. Lon. 74° 15' W.; lat 62^ 46' N. CHARLES, Cape, \a. the N. cape at the entrance of Chesapeake bav. Lon. 75=' 58' W. ; lat. 37° 15' N. CHARLES, St. a parish of the E. District of Louisiana, lying on both sides of the Mis- sissippi, bounded on the N. by the lakes Mau- repas and Ponchartrain ; it is a swampy dis- trict, containing about 300 sq. ms. Pop. 5,107. The court-house of tlie district is 45 m. W from New Orleans. CHARLESBURG, t Montgomery co. Md. 26 m. from AV. CHARLES CITY, co. Va. on the peninsula between James and Chickahominy rivers; length, 26 m.; mean »vidth, 8; surface hilly, or rolling. Staples, grain, flour, and tobacco. Pop. .5,504. CHARLESTON, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on S. side of the Mohawk, 40 m. VVNW. from Albany, 412 from VV. Pop. 2,148. It is of large extent, and contains 4 houses of public worship. CHARLESTON, t. Cecil co. Md. 10 m. W. from Elkton, 47 NNE. from Baltimore, and 63 from W. Pop. 300. It has an academy and a meeting-house. CHARLESTON, t. and cap. Clarke co. In. 2 m. from the Ohio, 14 above the falls, 14 SW. from Madison, 613 from W. CHARLESTON, v. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecticut r. 51 m. W. from Concord. CHARLESTON, t. and seat of justice, in Clarke co. In. near the Ohio r. and the mouth of Eleven mile creek, 15 m. above Louisville. Lat. 38° 28' N.; lon. from W. 8° 38' W. CHARLESTON, t. on the SW. side of the island of Nevis, in the West Indies. It is the seat of government, and defended by a fort. CHARLESTON, isl. at the bottom of Hud- son's bay. Lon. 79° 5' W. ; lat 52° 3' N. CHARLESTON, city and s-p. S. C. in a district of the same name ; 120 m. SSE. from Columbia, 118 NE. from Savannah, 580 SSW. from Baltimore, 771 SSW. from New York, 544 from W. Lon. 79° 54' W. ; lat. 32° 47' N. It is situated on a (mint of land, made by the junction of the rivers Cooper and Ashley, which by their union form a commodious harbor, opening to the ocean below Sullivan's Island, seven miles below the city. The passage over the bar at the mouth of the harbor, though deep and safe, is diflicult to find. It is strongly r ' Ik M' If- CHA— CHA ('riARr,p,fJTnv ^^^ REFERRNCES. Borou^Aa.— (1) Cannon, (2) RadclifTe, (3) WragR, (4) Mazyck, (5) Flampetcad. Piiblir Places.— (A) United States arsenal, (B) Potter's Field, (C) Places of worship, (D) Citadel, (E) Public ftjiiare, (P) Port Washington, (G) Arsenal, (H) Markets, (I) Orphans' house, (K) Baths, (L) Piilihr laiidini;, (M) Theatre. (a) Bank of U. States, (b) State Bank, (c) Bank of S. Carolina, (e) Planters' and Merchants' Bank, Id IfMion Bank, (g) City Hall, (h) Court-house, (i) State Offices, ( j) Circus, (k) Medical Colli-go, (1) Poor Iinii^r, liu^ Workhouse, (n) Hospital, (o) Jail, (p) Exchange, (q) Foundery, (i) Steam Mill, (s) Marlello Towir (I) Lucas Mill, (u) Mill-pond, (v) Canal, (w) Bennett's Ford, (x) Saw Mill, (y) Wind Mill, (z) Moore's w :■¥ CHARLESTON EXCHANGE. mm dcrended by 3 forts on different islands in tlie harbor. It contains 10 or 12 resjHictablG pub- lic buildings, and 18 or 20 churches. Most of them arc handsome, and some of them mag- nificent There are but 3 or 4 larger city libraries in the United States, than that of Charleston. It contains between 13 and 14,000 volumes. The orphan asylum is a noble and munificent charity, which maintains and edu- cates 130 orphan children. There is a fund also for educating at the South Carolina college fluch boys as manifest distinguished talents. Many of the charitable institutions of this hos- pitable city ar^ munificently endowed, and af- ford ample and eiBcient relief to the various species of distress, for the alleviation of v/hich tliey are designed. It is regularly laid out ; and handsomely and in some parts splendidly built. The site was originally low and niarsiiy ; but the low places have been filled up, and .«'> raised that the streets are perfectly dry. Tlie houses are spacious, and have piazzas to court the breeze. The squares o.'-e shaded with tlir pride of China and other beautiful trees, and the gardens with orange trees, and the inhab- itants have had the taste to surround their dwellings witli the multiflora rose, and other ornamental shrubs and fragrant flowering plants, which impart to a northern stranger the idea of a tropical flower garden. Thougli this city has been more than once desolated by the yellow fever, it is considered healthier for acclimated inhabitants, than the surround- ing country. The planters from the low coun- CHA— CHA 229 try and inuny opulfiil Rtran^trH from llie Went [iiilioH corni; lion; to H|M:iid the HJckly inoiitliR, and to enjoy tlic clt jjant and cnlijrlilen(!d soci- cty, witli which this city al)oiind8. Tlic city ownH n lur^i: amount of Hhi|>|)in{r, and in tlic v.iliu'of its (;xi>ortH \h the fourth city in tli(! union. My the way of Nortblit and across the hnys, it has rapid und easy Bteain-hout conmiu- nications with the nortliern cities. In 18*30, the population was 24,780, of wliicii more than huh' were nlaves. In Ih30, 3(»,a89. C'HARLESTOWN, t. Middlesex co. Mass. I III. N. of Boston. Pop. 8,787. Tiie princii)al part of the town is beautifully situated on a peninsula formed by Mystic and Ciinrles rivers, which unite immediately lielow in Hos. ton harlior. A bridge across Charles r. con- nects the town with Iloston, and two i it hers across Mystic r. connect it with Maiden, and with C^helsea. There ia also a bridyc across a bay of Charles r. on the west side of the town, connecting '♦. with Cambridge. The public buildings arc the state prison, the Mas- sachusetts insane hospital, on olms-housc, town-house, and 5 houses ibr public worship, \\i, 2 for Congregationalists, 1 ibr Baptists, 1 for Univcrsa lists, and 1 for Methodists. — A navy.yard of tlie U. S. occupies the SE. part of the town. It consists of about 60 acres of land, on which arc erected a marine hospital, a spacious ware-house, an arsenal, powder ma. izine, and a house for the accommodation of t..3 superintendent, all of brick; and 2 immense wooden edifices, under which the largest vessels of war are built. The cele- brated battle of " Breed's hill," commonly, but incorrectly called " Bunker hill battle," was fouffht in this town, June 17, 1775. OHARLESTOWN, v. Washington co. R. I. It is remarkable for being the residence of the greater part of the Narraganset Indians tliat still remain in this state. They are peaceable and well disposed towards the go- vernment, and s|)eak the English language. CHARLESTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va. 20 ni. NE. from Winchester, 8 S. from Shep- hcrdstown, and 63 from W, CHARLESTOWN, t. Kcnhawa co. Va. on the Kenhawa, near the mouth of Elk r. (;HARLEST0WN, t. Mason eo. Ken. on the Ohio, at the mouth of Laurens' creek, 6 m. N. from Washington, and 60 NE. from Lexington. CHARLESTOWN, t. Portage co. Ohio, 4 m. W. from Ravenna. CHARLESTOWN, chief town of the isl- and of Nevis, in the W. Indies. Lon. 62= 40' W.; lat. 17°8'N. CHARLESTOWN, New, town of Penob- scot eo. Maine, 28 ni. NNW. from Bajigor. Pop. 859. CHARLESTOWN, v. Cecil co. Md. on the W. sid* of N. East r. Ifr m. W, from Elkton. CHARLESTOWN, t Brooke co. Va. CHARLESTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa. on E. bank of tlie Susquehannah, 4 m. below Columbia. CHARLESTOWN, t. Berkeley co. Va. 20 m. NE. from Winchester. CHARLOTTE, or Port Oenegee, v. in (iuti'H, (iencHcu eo. N. Y. at the moutji of the (•enesee. CFFARLOITE, co. N. Brunswick; bound- ed S. by the bay of Fuiuly, and W. by tin; St. ("roix nnd Pas8amar|uoddy bay. ('hief town, St. Andrews. CHARLOTTE, t. on the E. side of lake Champlain, in Chittenden co. Vt. at the dis- tance of 10 m. S. of Burlington, nnd 13 N. of Verg(;nnes. CHARLOTTE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. on Braddbck's Iwy. The village is at tlie mouth of Genesee r. CHARL(JTTE, co. Va. on Staunt(m river; liounded by [.uninburg E. Meekkiibiirg SE. Halifax or Roanoke r. SW. CamplH-ll N\V. Buckingham and Prince Edward NE. length 33 m. mean breadth 18; area 600 sq. ins. Part of tlie soil along tlic streams is excellent. Chief town, Maryvillc. Pop. 15,254. CIIARLOT'rE, C. H. Charlotte co. Va. lO.J m. SW. from Richmond. CHARLOTTE, v. nnd scat of justice for Mecklenburg co. N. C. on Sugar creek, a branch of Catawba r. 46 m. S. of Statesville, and about the same distance SW. of Salisbury. Lat. 35= 16' N. ; lon. 3^ 48' W. from W. CHARLOTTE, v. and seat of justice, Dicli- son CO. Ten. 30 m. W. from Nashville. Lai. 36=^ 6' N. ; lon. 10° 1.5' W. from W. CHARLO'lTE, v. S. C. at the junction of Tugaloo nnd Broad rivers. (JHARLOTTE, r. bay and harbor, W. coast of E. Florida. The river rises in the in- terior of the peninsula, and flows W. into the bay. CHARLOTTEBURG, t. Briuiswick co. N. Carolina. CHARLOTTE FORT, S. C. at the junction of the Tugaloo and Broad rivers, the ibrks of Savannah river. Lon. 82° 35' W. ; lat. 34° N. CHARLOTTE-HALL, t St. Mary's ca Md. ; 56 m. SSE. from W. It derives its name from an academy, which consists of 3 brick buildings, calculated to accommodato 100 students. The sitiyition is elevated, pleas- ant, and healthy. CHARLOTPE'S BAY, on the SE. const of Nova Scotiu. Lat 44° 35' N. CHARLOTTE'S TOWN. t. island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. CHARLOTTE'S TOWN, Prince Edward's Island, in the bay of St Lawrence ; on a deep bay, S. side of the island. CHARLOTTE'S-TOWN, formerly Rous- seau, the capital of Dominica, 21 m. SE. of Prince Rupert's bay, on a point of land on the SW. side of the island. Lon. 61° 25' W.; lat. 15° 25' N. CHARLOTTESVILLE, t. and cap. Albe- marie co. Va. 86 ra. WNW. from Richmond, 40 SFj. by E. from Staunton, and about 1 N. from Rivanna r. A college was e^blished at Charlottesville in 1817, called Central college. It forms part of a grand plan of education re- cently adopted in the state of Virginia. The buildings are not yet completed, but they are said to snupass, in elegance of design, and i'* '^ Ij i, „■' ! I ■-r '.Mk . '". J> J,- 330 CHA-CHA p. ii 3 »£}■'«! HtlU'l'' braiity of urcl titer turr, every tiling on tliiN Dido of tlif Atlantic*. CIIAKI.O'lTKVirJ.K, I. Norfolk co. U.C. on litkr Krir. CHARLTON, t. WorcMslcr ro. Muhh. IT) in. 8W. tVoni WorcfHtrr, nnd (iO SSW. Iroin Uoh- ton. ro|). a,!?.'}. CHAUI/roN, t. Snrntopa co. N. Y. 8 m. W. from BallHton, and 25 NW. ti-oni Albany. Poi). 2,023. (;HAIU-TON, r. La. which runs into the Miflitouri, 220 in. from tlu; MiHHiRHippi. CHARLTON ISLAND, Uudson'H' bay. I^n.80'' W.; lut. .W^ 12' N. CHARLTON ISLAND, Bmall isl.at E. ex- tretnity of lake Ontario. CHARON, r. U. C. runs into lake Superior, Ion. a^^' W. CHAROTTE, t. St. Charles co. Missouri Territory, on N. bank of the Missouri, 40 ni. ubovc St. Charles. CHARTIER'S CREEK, Pa. runs into the Ohio from the S. 5 m. below Pittshurfr. It is navigable for Iwats to Morganza in its forks. CHASTANT'S ULUFF, in Ala. on the Mobile, 27 m. above Mobile. CHATAHOOOHEE, r. which rises in the Apalachian mountains, runs across the NW. of Ceo. forms a part of the W. boundary of the ktate, dividing it from Alabama, and in lut. .30° s'5' N. receives Flint r. and takes the name of / paiachicola. CHATAHOOSPA, r.W. Florida, runs into tlrc Catahoo( hee, lat. 31° 43' N. CHATAL'iUE, co. N.Y.; bounded NW. by lake Erie, E. by Catarogus, S. by Pa. and W. by Ohio. Pop. 34,057. C;HATAUQUE, lake, in Chatauque co. N. Y. 9 m. E. from lake Erie, 18 long, and from 1 to 3 broad.- The head of the lake is 9 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. A branch of the Concwango, which runs into tiie Alleghany r. flows from tlus lake. From the head of this lake there is a free navigation through tlie Conewango and Alleghany, to Pittsburg. CHATAUQUE, t. -' d cap. Chatauque co. N. Y. 30 m. SW. from Buffalo, 357 W. from Albany, and 439 from W. Pop. 2,432. C;HATEAUGAY, Seigniory, Huntingdon CO. Lower Canada, on the S. side of tlie St. Lawrence, 13 m. SW. from Montreal. CHATEAUGAY, t. Franklin ca N: Y. 10 m. E. from Malonc. Pop. ^,016. CHATEAUGAY, v. Clinton co. N. Y. 586 m. from W. CHATEAUGAY, r. N. Y. in Franklin co. which runs into the St. Lawrence, opposite to MontreaL CHATHAM, CO. central part of N. C. Pop. 15,499. Chief town, Pittsborough. CHATHAM, CO. E. part of Georgia. Pop. 14,230. Chief town, Savannah. CHATHAM, t Coos co. NH. 87 m. N. from Portsmouth. Pop. 419. CHATHAM, t, Stafford co. N. H. on the E. side of the White mountains. Pop. 419. CHATHAM, t Middlesex co.Ct. on the E. mde of Cormecticut river, opposite Middle- town. Pop. 3,646. Ship-building, has long U'ln an imfmrtant buRinens in thi« ton'n, and m'ViTuI vcHseis of war, for the United Sliite!ain. C;HEAT, r. Va. runs into the MononjifaJicIa, 3 or 4 in. within th« Pi luiNvlvania line. It in navif^nble for Imata, except m dry seasons, and there is a portnjfi; of 37 rn. to the Potomac. CHEFIACCO, the 2(1 parish in Ipswich, Mass. i 5 HI. SSK. from Ipswich C. 11. 12 NE. Salcin. It is faiiioiis for buildiufr small vcs- Hcls, called Chcbacco-lmats. Souk- huaincsH. aliu) is done here in the siiorc fisiinry, though the principal employment is npriculture. The villa|re is 2 m. from the hay, on Chebacco river, wliicli is navigable for 8loo|iH of 60 tons to the village. CHHBIKTO BAY, on the SE. const of Nova Scotia. Loti. 63^ 31' W. hit. 44 ' 4^' N. CIIEBUKTO, hnrlwr, near Halifax, in Nova Scotia. Lon. 13'' 18' E. from \V. lat. 44^ 45' N. CHEBUOTEQUION is one of the lakes on the cominuniciilion iKitwcen Lake Simcoc and the Rice Lake, ('. C. CI1E1)ABUC'I'(^, bay of the NE. coast of Nova Scotia, oiK-ninu into, the strait between Cape Breton and Nova Scotia. Lon. 15° 50' E. from W. lat. 45° 25' N. CHEEKS CROSS-ROADS, v. Hawkins co. Tennesson. CHEFUNCTI, r. La. falls into lake Pon- clmrtrain, at Madisonville. It is boatablc 30 m. CHEGOIMEGON, Point, NW. Territory, a sandy point projecting into Lake Sujwrior and forming the eastern side of a bay of the same name. The bay affords an excellent harbor for vessels, and next to that of Grand Isle, the best on the southern shore of the lake. Across its entrance is a chain of islands, 27 m. E. Fonddu Lac, 130 VV. Kewcena Point. CHELMSFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on S. side of the Merrimack ; 25 m. NW. Bos- ton, 462 from W. Pop. 1,387. Middlesex ca- nal commences here, near. the head of which there is a manufactory of glass. Large quan- tities of beautiful granite, much used in build- ing, are obtained in this town, and transported down the canal, to Boston and vicinity. CHELSEA, t and cap. Orange co. Vt. ; 22 in. SSE. from Montpelier, 506 from VV. Pop. 1,958. CHELSEA, t. Suffolk co. Mass.; 6 m. NE. from Boston. It is connected with Charles- tovim by a bridge. Lon. 71° 0' W. lat 42° 25' N. Pop. 770. CHEMIUR, r. In. falling into Lake Michi- gan. CHEMUNG, t. Tioga co. N. Y.; 10 m. SW. from Spencer, 198 WSW. firom Albany, 308 from W. Pop. 1,462. CHENAL ECARTE ISLE, U. C. near the entrance of the river St. Clair into Lake St. Clair, E. of Harsan's Island. It contains about 300 acres of arable land ; the other parts are meadow and marsh. . CHENAL ECARTE, Isle de, U. C. in the ■■iver St. Lawrence, opposite the t. of Cornwall, [m. SW. from Vandalia. contains from 7 to 800 ncrei. The noil u g(x>d. CFIENAL WARTE RIVER, V. C. run» nearly parallel to tliu river Thnines, and cnip- lies itself at tJu; entraitce of the river St. Clair. CHENANGO, ro. N. Y. Imunded N. by Madison co. K. by ( )t»«'go nnd Dilawarc coe. .S. by BroouK! co. W. by Broonio and (^)urt- huKlt cos. Poj). 37,406. Chief town, Nor- wich. CH EN AN(JO, t. nnd cap. Broome co. N. Y. im the Siis(iuchannah ; 40 m. SW. from Nor- wich, 63 S. from Munl.us, ll.s WSW. from Albanv, 21)5 from VV. Pop. 3,7U). CHENANiJO, r. which runs SSW. through Chenango eo. an ith innumerable hues, CHESTER, Neva, t. Graflon co. N. H. ; 16 m. S. from Plymouth, 527 from W. Pop, 1,090. CHESTER, V. Middlesex co. Ct.on W. side of the Connecticut f 6 m. below Haddam. CHESTER, t. Hampden co. Mass. ; 20 m, NW. from Springfield, 120 W. from Boston, 387 from W. Pop. 1,406. CHESTER, t. Warren co. N. Y. E. of tlie Hudson ; 90 m. N. from Albany, 439 from W. Pop. 1,284. CHESTER, East, t. Westchester co. N. Y.; 4 m. E. of the Hudson, 40 N. from N. York, 243 from W. Pop. 1,300. CHESTER, t. Morris co. N. J. CHESTER, t Burlmgton co. N. J. Pop. 1,839. CHESTER, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, in Mahone Bay, 25 m. from Windsor. CHESTER, t Geauga co. Ohio. CHESTER, t. Knox co- Ohio. CHESTER, r. W. Florida, runs into Peu- saeola Bay. CHESTER, V. in Goshen, Orange co.N. Y,; 115 nj. from Albany. CHESTER, CO. Pa. ; bounded by Md. SW, Lancaster W. Berks NW. Montgomery NE, and Delaware co. and the state of Delaware SE. Length about 38 m. ; mean width 19^ ; area 732 sq. ms. The western part towards Lancaster co. is hilly, and even mountainous, whilst those sections skirting Maryland and Delaware, though not level, are much less ele- vated than tlie W. and NW. parts of the co. The centre is drained by the sources of the Brandy wine, Clrester, Ridley, and some smaller creeks entering Delaware river. The staples are nunierous, consisting of every article of agricultural production suitable to the climate. Chief town, West Chester. Pop. 50,908. CHESTER, bor. on Delaware river, Dela ware co. Pa. 15 m. SW. from Philadelphia. Fiji. 700. This is a very ancient town, and was ihe seat of the first legislature after the arrival of William Penn, but has long been stationary in r jint of growth. CHE— cm 233 1 ca Geo.; 80 m. vnship in North- ). VL; 16m.SW. Pop. 2,320. Here m CO. N. H. onE. Manchester ; 6 m. SSE. from Con- )uth, 48 . N. from considerable town, Snikc Hill in this . Its diameter is lar, and its height there is o dreury en, with a narrow ire, the flooring and i by a regular rock, erous excrescences m the approach of innumerable hues, ifton CO. N. H. ; 16 27 from W. Pop. ;xco. Ct.onW.sidD )elow Haddara. n CO. Mass. ; 20 m. JO W. from Boston, *'co.N.Y.E. oftlie Ubany, 439 from W. estchestcrco. N.Y.; N. from N. York, . N. J. ton CO. N. J. CO. Pop. urg CO. Nova Scotia, )m Windsor. , CO. Ohio. 0- Ohio. rida, runs into Peu- len, Orange CO. N.Y.; wunded by Md. SW. V. Montgomery Kb. 16 State of Delaware 1. ; mean width 19J ! vestern part towards id even mountainous, rting Maryland and el, are much less cle- NW. parts of the co. )y the sources of the llev, and some smaler c river. The Btapb r of every article ot uiUble to the climate. *T. Pop. 50,908. (elaware river, Vta- from Philadelphia^ •y ancient town, and legislature afl«r the ,, but has long been iowth. CHESTER, river of the E;iHtern Shore of Maryland and Kent co. in Delaware ; riaea in tlic latter, and llowing nearly S\V. into tlic former, separates Queen Anne and Kent cos. and falls into the Chesapeake Bay at Love Point CHESTER, distof S.C, on Watcrec river; bounded by Fairfield S. Broad river or Union W. York N. Catawba river or Ijancaster E. Length 22, width 18 m. ; area about 400 sq. ms. Surface pleasantly diversified by Jiill and dale, and well watered. Soil of middling quality. Staples, grain, tobacco, live stock, Sic. Chief town, Chestcrville. Pop. 19,182. CHESTER, t and cap. Chester district, S.C.; 23 ni. from Pinckncy C. H. 58 NVV. from Co- lumbia. CHESTER, t. Wayne co. Ohio, NW. from Wooster. CHESTER, t. Shcnandoali co. Va.; 20 m. SSW, from Winchester. CHESTER, t. Cunilrcrland co. Va. on SW. bank of James river; 6 m. S. from Richmond. (CHESTER, Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. l^M. CHESTER CJAP, pass, over Uic Blue Mountains, in Virginia ; 16 m. SE. from Wiii- clicstcr. CHESTER RIDGE, mountains. Pa. in which iron and lead ores are found ; 140 m. WNW. from Philadelphia. CHESTERFIELD, co. Va.; bounded N. by James river, which separates it from Hen- rico CO. E. and S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Powhatan co. the C. H. is 12 ni. SSW. from Richmond, 138 from W. Pop. 18,637. Ciiief town, Manchester. CHESTERFIELD, district, N. part S. C. Pop. 8,472. CHESTERFIELD, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Dum- nicrston ; 11 m. WSW. from Keenc, 100 W. from Portsmouth, 435 from W. Pop. 2,046. It contains a cotton manufactory, and an academy. CHESTERFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. ; 15 m. WNW. from Northampton, 105 W. from P>o8ton, 398 from W. Pop. 1,417. CHESTERFIELD, t. Essex county, N. Y. bounded N. by Sable river, and E. by Lake Cliamplain; 18 m. S. from Plattsburg, 497 from W. Pop. 1,671. Adgatc's Falls, on Sable river, in this town, is a cataract of 80 ft. The ciiaimel has iierpcndicular walls on each side, 1 mile long, and nearly 100 feet high, and as regular as a work of art. There is a bridge across this channel 96 feet above the water. In the SW. part of the town there is a cavern in which ice is found throughout the year. Iron ore abounds in this town. CHESTERFIELD, t. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. CHESTERFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J Pop. 1,839. CHESTERFIELD INLET, an inlet ex- tending about 200 m. westward from the N end of Hudson's Bay. Tlie entrance to the in- let is in lat. 63° 30' N. Ion. 90° 40' W. Its mean breadth is about 15 m. CHESTER FACTORY, t Hampden co. Mass. ; 7 m. SE. from Chester. 2E CHESTERFIELD, Key, N. side of Uie island of (^iih.i. CIIKSTEKTOVVN, port of entry and cap. Kent CO. Aid. on Chotcr r. about 14 jn. from its eonfliirncc with fhc Cliesaiienkr, 4.') ESE. from Biiltimorc, 77 SW. from Pliiliidclphin, 80 from W. It contiins a court-iiouso, a jail, a MethoiHst niectinj^-liouse, about l.)0 houses, and has f-onie trade. Wnshincfton College, which was incorporated in 1782, is in this town, and a handsome briek building 180 ffct long, and 3 stories hijrii, lias teen erected, but the institution has never assumed the form of a college, and the building is aijpmpriated to the accommodation of a Latin and an English school. CHESTERVILLE, t. Kent co. Md.; 66 m. NE. from AnnnpoHs. CHESTERVILLE, t, Kennebeck ro. Me. ; 30 m. NW. from Augusta, 637 from W. Pop. 923. CHESUNCOOK, lake, Me.; 10 or 15 m. NE. from IMoosclicad lake. The western and main branch of the Penobscot passes through it. It is one of the largest lakes in Maine. CHETIMACIIES, lake of I.onisi.inn, be- twccn the AtchafilHya and Tcclie rivers, is about 40 m. in lengl'i, with a breadth of from 1 to 6 111. It is shallow, and environed by a low, annually inundated and uninhabited coun- try. At high water, it communicates in every direction with the Atchafalaya, and in all sea- sons, at its SE. extremity, with the Techc r. CHEVIAUX, Point anx, on the N. shore of Lake Ontario, and to the E. of the river Gana- rashn, U. (\nnadn. CHEVROTIERE, r. Canada, falls into the St. linwicncc from the N. 40 m. above Quebec. CHEWS, r. IMaryland, which runs into the Chesnueake. CHIANTLA, t. Mexico, 40 m. SW. from Pculila de los Angclos. CHIAPA, province, Guatimaln, bounded W. by Oaxaca, S. by Guatimaln, E. by Vera Paz and Yuciitaii, N. by Vera Cruz. C^HIAPA DOS ESPAGNOS, or Civdad Real, eaj). of tlic above ]irovinc(-, 300 m. NW. from Guatimala. Lon. 'JV 23' W. ; Int. 1 7= N. Pop. 3,000. Its principal commerce is in co- coa-nuts, cotton, wool, sugar, and cochineal. CHIAPA DE LOS INDIO.S the largest Indian town in Guatimaln, in the NW. ex- tremity of the country, on the isthmus of Te- huantepec, about half way between the gulf of Mexico and the Pacific ocean. It has about 20,000 Indian inhabitants, who are rich and enjoy many privileges. Lon. 93° 53' W. ; lat. 17° 5' N. CHIAPA-EL-REAL, t. in N. America, in the province of its own name, with a bishop's sec. Its principal trade consists in cocoa-nuts, cotton, and sugar. Lon. from W. 16° 10' W.; lat. 17° 10' N. CHICAGO, r. or arm of lake Michigan, at its S. end, in IlUnois. A mile from the lake it divides into two channels ; the N. channel ex- tends along the W. side of the lake, about 30 m. ; the S. is only 6 m. long, and affords a se- cure harbor for vessels of almost any burden, 234 CHI—CHI but has a bar at its mouth witli only two feet water. This obstruction might be easily re- moved, and the harbor rendered accessible. The portage from Chicago river to the Dcs Planes, one of the two branches of Illinois r. is 9 m. and is so low as often to be covered with water and passed in boats. A canal here is contemplated, and could be made with little expense, which would o])en a water communi- cation between the Great Lakes and tlic Mis- sissippi, tiirough the Illinois. Half a mile from the mouth of the Chicago, is Fort Dearborn. CHICAPEE, r. Mass. which rises in Wor- cester CO. and runs SW. into the Connecticut, in the N. part of Springfield. CHICCAMAGGA, r. Ten. which runs into the Tennessee, 6 ni. above the whirl. CHICHESTER, t. Merrimack co. N. IT. 45 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,084. CHICKAPEE, V. in the SE. part of Hamp- den CO. Mass. 95 m. SW. by W. from Boston. CHICKAMAUGAH CREEK, r. which rises in Georgia, runs through a part of Cher- okee country, and flows into the Tennessee, a few miles above Lookout mountain. A dis- trict of country through which it flows is call- ed by the same name, and contains tlie new missionary station, Brainerd. CHICKASAW, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash, below Vincennes. CHICKASAW, r, in the NW. part of Ten. which runs W. into the Mississippi. CHICKASAW BLUFFS, four in number, on the E. side of the Mississippi, in Mis. The upper bluff" is 176 m. below the mouth of the Ohio ; it is between 200 and 300 feet high, and extends 2 m. on the river. The other three occur at the successive distances of 11, 21 and 32 m. apart. CHICKASAWHAY, v. Mississippi, 50 m. W. from St. Stephens. CHICKASAWHAY, r- Mis. which flows S. near E. side of the state, and joins the Pasea- goula, about 40 m. from its mouth. CHICKIiOAMINY, r. Va. which rims into the James r. 6 m. NW. from Jamestown. It is navigable for lioats 30 m. CHICKISALUNGO, r. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, a little above Columbia. CHIDLEY, cape, on the NE. coast of lia- brador, has Davis' Straits NE. and the bay of Ungava SW. liOn. from W. 12° 10' E. ; lat. 60° 12' N. CHIFUNCTE, r. La. in St. Tammany, has its source in the N. part of that parish, flowing SSE. 50 m. falls into lake Ponchartrain N. from New Orleans. There is wat6r at the mouth of the Chifuncto sufficient to admit vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet, as far as the mouth of the Bogue Falaya. CHIGNECTE, bay of Nova Scotia, the NW. arm of the bay of Fundy. CHIHEMECOMET, or Chickminock-cumi. nock., island, on the coast of N. C. near Roan- oke Island. CHIHUAHUA, state of, one of the states of the republic of Mexico, bounded by Duran- go, Sonoray Sinaloa, and Coahuilu y Texas. Capital, Cliihualiua. N. lat. 28° and Ion. 28° W. from W. intersect, according to Tanner's map of Mexico, about 75 m. SW. from the city of Chihuahua. A very great deficiency of water, is the most serious impediment to the general population of this part of America, and is one of the many traits of resemblance be- tween central N. America and central Asia. The seasons of what was the Provincias In. ternas, now tlic northern states of Mexico, have winters of excessive rigor, even more so than can be accounted for, citlier from latitude or elevation of surface. CHIHUAHUA, city, capital of the state of the same name, in the republic of Mexico, gjt. uated near the river Conchos, a branch of Rio. grand-del Norte, in the province of New Bis- cay. It is the capital of the Internal Prov. inccs, and environed by some very rich mines. Pop. 12,000. Lat. 28° 50' N. ; Ion. 27° 20' W. from W. CHILESBURG, v. CaroUnc co. Va. 68 m. S. from W. CHILI, t. Monroe co. N. Y. between Black creek and Genesee river, 10 m. SW. from Ro- chester, Pop. 2,010. CHILLICOTHE, t. and cap. Ross co.Oliio, and the second town in size in the state, on the W. bank of the Scioto, 45 m. in a direct line, and 70 by water from its mouth, 45 m. S. from Columbus, 70 SW. from Zanesvillc, 93 E. by N, from Cincinnati. Lon. 5° 20' W. fromW.; lat. 39° 14' N. Pop. 2,846. It is laid out on an elevated plain between Paint creek and t)ie Scioto. The streets are spacious, and cross each otlier at right angles. It contains a court- house and jail, a market-house, 2 printing-offi- ces, 3 banks, including tlie branch bank of the United States, 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders, and 1 for Methodists, and an academy. In the town and vicinity are many valuable mills ond man- ufactories. The situation is favorable, and every way delightfiJ ; but yet it did not flour- ish, until the grand canal was cut through the town, since which it has received a new iin- pidse towards prosperity, promising that it will attain the importance to which its fortunali position entitles it. In the midst of this town formerly stood one of the most interestinp mounds of the cone-shaped form. In levelling it for the purpose of building lots, great quan- tities of human bones were found in it. CIHLIJSQUAQUE, or C/tilisguage, town. Northuml)erland co. Pa. It lies between the E. and W. branches of the Susquehannah, and is watered by a river of the same name, which flows into the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 6 m. above Northumberland. CHILMARK, t. Duke's co. Mass, on SW. end of Martha's Vineyard, 12 m. W. by S. from Edgartown, 90 S. from Boston. Po}). 691. CHILNUCOOK, or Grand Lake, lake, Mc at the head of the St Croix. CHILO, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 95 m. SW from Columbus. CHILPANZINCO, city of Mexico, situated on the S. slope of Analuae, 3,542 feet above the level of the ocean, surrounded by beautiful fields of wheat and orchards, on tJie road from CHI-CHO 235 )rding to Tanner's , SW. from the city reat deficiency of impediment to tiie art of America, and of resemblance be- I and central Asia. the Provinrm In- , states of Mexico, rigor, even more so citlier from latitude ipital of the state of ublic of Mexico, sit- 108, a branch of Rio- rovince of New Bis- (f the Internal Prov- ame very rich mines. 50' N. ; Ion. 27° 20' iroline oo. Va. 68 m. N. Y. between Black 10 m. SW. from Ro- nd cap. Ross co, Oliio, ize in the state, on the 15 m. in a direct line, I mouth, 45 m. S. from Zane8villc,93E.by>. .5° 20' W. fromW,; 46. It is laid out on n Paint creek and tiie spacious, and cross !8. It contains a court- -house, 2 printing-oiS- he branch bank of the of public worship,! Seceders, and 1 for idemy. In the town iluable mills and man- on is favorable, and ut yet it did not flour- il was cut through the IS received a new im- , promising that it will o which its fortunatf the midst of this town the most intercstini: Kidform. Inlevellin? Iding lots, great quan- ere found in it. or Chilisguage, town. It lies between the he Susquehannah,an(l the same name, whieh ofthcSusquehannah, land. te's CO. Mass. onS"- ■d,12m.W.byS.from Boston. Pop. 691. •rand Lake, lake, Me. roix. CO. Ohio, 95 m. SW ity of Mexico, situated ic, 3,542 feet above tlu- •rounded by beautiful arde, on tiie road from Mexico to Acapulco. Lat. l?"^ 40' N. ; Ion. 22° 20' W. from W. CHIMALAPA, small river of Mexico, in Oajaca, which flows S. into the Gulf of Tchu- anteiwc. CHINA, t Kennebeck co. Me. 25 m. NE. from Hallowcll. Pop. 2,234. It contains an iicademy, a social library, and 2 houses of pub- lic worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Friends. It was taken firom Harlem, Fairfax, and Wins- low, in 1818. CHINA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,387. CHINA GROVE, t. Georgetown district, S. C. 461 m. from W. CHINCIIANCHI, V. Mexico, 10 m. N. from Merida. CHINE, La, v. L. C. on the island of Mon- treal, 7 m. above the city. It is tiic centre of all the commerce between Upper and Lower Canada. Here the boats of the N. W. company commence their voyage for the interior coun- try of America. It is intended to cut a canal from La Chine to Montreal, by which a direct communication with the city will be opened, and the diilicult passage of the rapid of St. Louis avoided. CHINGOTEAGUE, small isL in the Atlan- tic, near tlie coast of Virginia. Lon. 75° 20' W.; lat. 37° 46' N. . ■ IN&OTEAGUE INLET, narrow chon- n» t.'i two islands, near the coast of Vir- r. a;' . 75° 42' W. ; lat. 27° 52' N. ■^"^ '■■ oOK, r. N. America, which flows into the Columbia, near its mouth. CHINNOOK INDIANS, N. A. on the Chin- nook and Columbia- Na 400. CHIPOOK CREEK, r. Virginia, which runs into James river. CHIPPEWAN, mountains of N. America. This great chain is the principal spine of that continent, and by various names, extends from the isthmus of Darien to the Frozen ocean, through 60° of latitude, or 4,150 m. In Mex- ico, it is known by the general term Anahuac. Farther N. the Spaniards designate it as tlic mountains of New Mexico. In the U. S. it is known as the Rocky mountains. In Cabotia, .or British America, by its true native name Chippewan, or Chippewyan. In Mexico and Guiitimala, it rises into volcanic summits, ele- vated far above the regions of perpetual snow. Popocatepetl, Citlaltepetl, or Peak d'Orizaba, Pico Frailes, and Coffrede Perote, all rise above 13,500 feet In the U. S. the elevation of tliis chain remains undetermined, but must be con- siderable, from the length and rapidity of the streams flowing from its opposite sides. CHIPPEWAY, smaU r. or creek, Lincoln CO. U.C. falls into Niagara river, at tlie village of Chippeway. CHIPPEWAY, v. Lincoln co. U. C. on Ni- agara r. 10 m. above Queenston, 2 above Ni- agara foils. Chippeway creek runs into the Niagara at this place. The battle of Chippe- way, July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain, on the S. side of this creek. CHIPPEWAY, t. Beaver co. Pa. CHIPPEWAY, r. NW. Territory, runs into the Missinsippi ut lake Pepin, in lon. 93° 54' W. ; lat. 43^ 45' N. There is a short portage between this river and tlic Montreal, a water of Lake Superior. CHIPPEWAY, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Wooster. CHIPPEWAYS, or Sauteurs, Indians, one of the most numerous and powerful tribes in N. America. About 5,700 of them dwell on Saganaw bay, in Michigan Territory ; the re- mainder are scattered in petty bands along the N. border of the U. S. Tliey maintain a per- pctual war with the Sioux. CHIPPEWYAN, Fort, N. America, at the SW. end of Atliapcscow lake. Lon. 111° W.; lat. 58^ 40' N. CHISHOLM'S STORE, t. Montgomery CO. N. C. 130 ni. SW. from Kalcigh. CHISWELL, isles otT the NW. coast of N. America, group lying near the mainland, be- tween cape Elizabeth and Montague island. Lon. from W. 71° 4' W.; lat. 59° 33' N. CHITTENANGO, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. W. from Utica. CHITTENDEN, co. W. side of Vt. bound- ed N. by Franklin co. E. by Washington, S. by Addison, W. by lake Champlain. Pop. 21,775. Chief town, Burlington. CHITTENDEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 30 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 610. CHITTENHAM, t. Montgomery co. Pa. CHITTENINGO, r. N. Y. which rises in Cazenovia and runs into Oneida lake ; 25 m. long. CHOCOLATE, r. NW. Territory, runs in- to lake Superior, 21 m. W. from La Train r. CHOCONUT, creek, Susquehannah co. Pa. flows north-easterly into N. York, and falls into tlie Susquehannah river, a sliort distance below Chenango Point. CHOCTAW, r. which rises in Alabama, and passes through West Florida, running into St. Rosa bay. CHOCTAW, or Choctahatchee, r. Florida, which rises in Alabama and discharges its waters into St. Rosa Sound, at the NE. ex- tremity. CHOICE'S STORE, i. Gwinnet co. Geo. ; 146 m. NW. from Milledgeville. CHOLULA, city, of Mexico, in Puebla; 60 m. SE. by E. from Mexico. Pop. 16,000. Lat. 19° 15' N. CHOLULA, ancient republic of Mexico, corresponding nearly to the district appertain- ing to the present city of Cholula. CHOMONCHOUAN, lake, Canoda ; 219 m. NW. from Quebec. Lon. 75° 40' W. lat. 39° 20' N. CHONA, ancient pyramid of Mexico, in Puebla. It is 177 feet high. Lon. 21° 20' W. from W. lat. 19° 2' N. CHOPTANK, r. which rises in Delaware, and runs tiirougli Md. into Chesapeake Bay, S. of Tilghman'fe Island. CHOPUNNISH, r. Missouri Territory, a branch of the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky Mountains. Lon. 113° W. lat. 46° 30^ N. CHOTA, v. Blount co. Ten. \m 236 CHO-CIN CHOWAN, r. N. C. formed by t)io union of 3 rivers in the state of Virgin vi» which runs into Albcmnrle Sound. CHOWAN, CO. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 6,688. C^iicf town, Edcnton. Lat. 36=> 10' N. Ion. 0° 20 E. from W. CHRIST-CHURCH, parisli in Charleston district, S. C. CHRISTIAN, CO. of Ken. on Cumlwrland river | bounded by Tennessee S. Caldwell SW. Hopkins and Muhlenberg N. and Logan E. Length 42, mean width 25 m. ('hief town, Hopkinsville. Pop. 12,61)4. CHRISTIANA, hundred, in N. end of New- castle CO. Delaware. Witliin it arc the towns of Wilmington and Ncwpprt. CHRISTIANA, r. Delaware, which rises in Pa. unites with the Brandywino, and flows into the Delaware. It is navigable for vessels drawing 14 feet of water to Wilmington, for those drawing 9 feet to Newport, and for those drawing 6 feet to Christiana-Bridge. Length CHRISTIANA, or Christiana-Bridfre, t. Newcastle co. Delaware, on the Christiana; 9 m. SW. from Wilmington, 36 SW. from Philadelphia, 100 from W. It has about 50 houses. CHRISTIANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. on the Mohrrrin, 251 m. from W. CHRISTIAN SOUND, a large arm of the Pacific ocean, N. of C^ape Decision. Lon. 225° 50' E. lat. 563 13' N. CHRISTIANSBURG,t. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Va. 40 m. SW. from Fincas- tle, and 220 SW. by W. from Richmond. Lat. 31^ 14' N. lon. 3° 12' W. from W. CHRISTOPHER, Si. or St. Kin\ one of the Leeward Islands in the W. Indies, 60 m. W. of Antigua. It was fbrmcrly inliabited by the French and English ; but, in 1713, it was ceded to the latter. It is 20 ni. in breadth, and 7 in length, and has high mountains in the middle, whence rivulets flow, which arc of great use to the inhabitants. It was taken by tlie French in 1782, but restored the next year. Basseterre is the capital. CHUM CREEK, r. Va. which runs into Uie Chesapeake, lon. 76° 14' W. lat. 39° 22' N. CHUN'S STORE, t. Jefferson co. Ten. ; 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. CHURCH CREEK, t. Dorchester co. Md.; 7 m. SW. from C'ambridge. CHURCH FORT, on Hudson's Bay, at the mouth of Cinirch-hill river. Lat. 59' N. lon, 17° W. from W. CHURCH HILI,, v. Abbeville district, S. C CHURCH HILL, v. Spartanburg district, S. C. ; 544 m. from W. CHURCH HILL, t. Queen Ann's co. Md. ; 9 m. NE. from Centreville, 85 SW. from Phil- adelphia, 80 from W. CHURCHILL, Cape, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 95° 5' W. lat. 58° 54' N.* CHURCHILL RIVER, Missinnippi, or English River, r, N. America, which falls into Hudson's Bay, in lat. 59° N. at Churchill Fort. CHURCH TRACT, t Alleghany co. N. Y. CHURCH ISLAND, small isl. in Curri- tuck Sound, near the coast of N. C. CHURCHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa.; 30 m. ENE. from Lancaster, 50 WNW. Pliila- dclphia, 137 from W. CHURCHVII.LE, v. Middlesex co. Va.; 80 m. NE. by E. from Richmond. CHYENNE, or Chayenne, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 1,310 m. from the Missis. sippi. CICERO, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on SW. side of Oneida Lake ; 57 ni. W. from Utica. Pop. 1,808. CINALOA, formerly a province of Moxiro, but now forming the S. part of the intendciicy of Sonora. CINALOA, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, which falls into the Gulf of California. Lat. 25° 50' N. CINCINNATI, a large commercial city and capital of Hamilton co. Ohio, near the SW, corner of the state, on the N. bank of the Ohio : ' "IT, 20 m. above the moutli of the Great Mi- ami, 93 W. by S. from Chillicothc, 175 NE. fronj liouisville, 102 NNE. from Frankfort, 465 IkjIow Pittsburg by water. Lon. 7^ 2.V W. from W. lat. 39° 6' N. It is regularly i.iiil out, in a pleasant and healthy situation, tJiu streets crossing each other at right angles. The growth of Cinciimati has been rajfid, almost without a parallel. In 1800, the jiopii- lation was 500 ; in 1810, 2,540 ; in 1815, it was estimated at 6,500 ; in 1820, it was 9,6 1~\ and in 1830, it was 26,515. Its position is a beautiful vale, twelve miles in circumference created by an eliptical sweep of Ohio hills. Such of these eminences as have not been liiid bare by the unsparing Jiand of progressive im- provement, arc beautifully wooded to their summits ; and, by the swell and indentation o!' their waving outline, present to the view of the bcholderthe most graceful and charming fbrnis. F/om the summit of any of these hills, tlie town is distinctly presented to the eye, and spreads a panoramic map of exquisite beauty and variety. Cinciimati is the most flourisli- ing commercial town in the west, except New Orleans: and furnishes perhaps the most sig-' nal example of that spirit and capacity for ini- provement, which result from the existence of free institutions, and are destined to fill the Mis- sissippi valley with a teeming population. Seven of the streets are 66 feet wide, and 396 apart, in- tersected by streets of the same width and dis- tance at right angles. One entire square, and tlie fraction of another, are reserved in central parts of the city for public buildings. Th'' city buildings cover an irregular area nearest the form of a parallelogram. The central parts ore compactly built witli houses and stores that woidd ornament any town. The most showy quarters are Main, Broadway, and Fourth-street, westward from its intersection with Main. Pearl-street nearly completed, leading from the lower Market to VValnut-st. is composed of uniform buildings, terminated by a magnificent hotel, five stories high, and will add greatly to the beauty of that part of the city. The public buildings are a court- CIN— CIN 237 ill isl. in Curri- r N. c. mster co. Pa. ; 30 10 WNVV. Phila- dlescx CO. Va. ; 80 id. , r. La. which runs from tiic Missiii- 0. N. Y. on S\V. 1. W. from Utica. 'ovincc of Mexico, of tiie intendciicy Dn Cinaloa river, ' California. Lut. mmcrcial cit}' and lio, near tlie S\V. . hank of the Oliio I of the Great Mi- lillicothc, 175 NE. }. from Franktbri, ater. Lon. 7=" 2.V It is regularly laid Ithy situation, tlio r at right angles, i has been rajrid, In 1800, the jwim- 2,540 ; in 1815, it 1820, it was dfiii, Its position is a in circumference cep of Ohio hills. have not been l;uil of progressive im- wooded to tiieir and indentation of ito the view of the id charming form?. of these hills, tlic ;d to the eye, and if exquisite beauty the most flourish- west, except New haps the most sii,'-' nd capacity for ini- m the existence of tined to fill the Mis- population. Seven c, and 396 apart, in- ame width and d\f- entire square, and reserved in central ic buildings. Tiv igular area nearest •am. The central witli houses and it any town. The ain, Broadway, and jim its intersection nearly completed, arket to VValnut-st. lildings, terminated _s stories high, and uty of that part of Idings are a court- n J \ \u "T-1- ^JjUfLTleasant \ 1 ) | \ v # ^(ailing \\ \l^ ;. ■ "^M ..^^Z \ •'-u j^^S^^ It \ \W^ // ^ !il»^^ — i '^^f^ ^ ^^j^^^^e^^X^'J^EWrORT CINCINNATI AND ITS ENVIRONS. house, jail, four market-houses, one of them 500 feet in length, tlie Ikzaar, U. S. Branch Bank, the Cincinnati College, the Catholic Athenffium, the Medical College, for which a second spacious and commodious building is being erected, the Mechanics' Institute, Thea- tre, and a second one now being erected, two Museums, the Hospital and Lunatic Asylum, and the Woodward High School in the pro- gress of erection. Some other public build- ings arc in contemplation. Beside these, there arc 24 churches, great and small. Of these the Second Presbyterian church is the hand- somest, tlie exterior being of agreeable archi- tecture, and the interior decidedly beautiful. The Unitarian church is a singularly neat one. The interior of the Catholic church is striking. The first and third Presbyterian ciuirches are spacious buildings, as the new Methodist church will be when completed. A very neat Baptist church is nearly completed. Some of the (rther churches make a resjiectable appear- ancc. There are many fine blocks of stores on Front and Main streets, and the eye is arrested by many beautiful private habitations. Architectural taste is daily becoming more en- lightened and agreeable. The dull red of the l>rick walls is giving way to more pleasing shades Iwtween white and green ; and a beau- tiful stucco imitating marble and granite is getting into fashion. The number of substan- tial buildings added aimually to the city for tliree years past averages 450- It has already l)ecome a great manufacturing town, and is constantly becoming more so. Our limits pre- clude details; but all the substantial manu- factures known in our country are carried on to a greater or less extent. The manufactures in iron are very great, particularly in the arti- cle of heavy castings, and all sorts of machi- nery driven by steam. Of such establishments there are 9 or 10, and some of them on a great scale. The next most extensive article is cabi- net work. Steam-boat building is a great item. Hatting is pursued to a great extent. It is believed that the city contains at least 40 tnanufiicturing establishments driven by steam. There are two fire companies, and 34 charita- ble societies, and 25 religious societies, in which most of the religious opinions of Chris- tendom are represented, and whoso mutual watchfulness of each other educes concord from jealousy, by hindering the hurtful pro- dominance of any one of them, and enabling each to pursue its respective interests unmo- lested and in peace. Though the imperfect filling out of the magnificent plan of the city, the cumbering of the streets with timber, stone, bricks, and mortar, and the inconvenience of actual building present an image of crudcness and immaturity, it needs Uttle spirit of prophe- cy to predict from the past to tlie future, that this city, which will be shortly central to more than two millions of inhabitants, wliieh pre- sents the greatest variety of models in the the- ories and imaginings of strangers from all parts of tlie world, wliich evolves the germs of emulation and rivalry to a fault, and which alx)unds in provisions, natural wealth, fuel, and all the materials of building, and which is moreover a healthy town, will, in the course of a few years, vie in beauty and population with the first towns in the Union. The buildings of the Cincinnati Manufac- turing Company, on the bank above Deer creek, arc numerous and extensive ; the main edifice is 150 feet long, from 20 to 37 feet wide, and from two to four stories high. The most capacious, elevated and perma- nent building in this place, is the Steam Mill, erected in the years 1812, '13, and '14 on tlie river beach, upon a bed of horizontal lime-stone rocks, and in high floods is for its whole length exposed to the current The founda- tion is 62 by 87 feet, and about 10 feet thick. Its height is 110 feet, and the number of sto- it * 238 CIN— CLA 1 1 ' (1 ries 9, includinj; 2 above tlio caves. To the height of 40 feet, the wall is Imltered or drawn in; abo/c, it is perpendieular. Tlie cornice in of brick, and the roof of wood, in the common style. It has 24 doors and 90 win- dows. The lime-stonc with which it was built was quarried at various places in the bed of the river, and measures in the wall 6,020 perches. Besides this, it swallowed up 90,000 bricks, 14,800 bushels of lime, and 81 ,200 cubic feet of timber. Its weight is estimated at 15,65.5 tons. Through tlie building there is a wall dividing each story into two unequal apartments, the one designed for manufactur- ing flour, the other for receiving wool and cot- ton machinery, a flax-seed oil-mill, fulling-mill, and several other machines. CINCINNATUS, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y.; 14 m. SE. from Homer, 140 W. from Albany, 354 from W. Valuable iron ore is found here. CINTHIANA, t. and cap. Harrison co. Ken. on a branch of the Licking river, 13 m. N. from Paris, 24 N. from Lexington. Pop. in . 1810, 369. It contains a bank, academy, court- house, and jail. CIRCLEVILLE, v. and seat of justice in Pickaway co. Ohio, on the E. side of Scioto river, in Ion. 5° 5', W. from W. lat. 39° 36' N. 26 m. below Columbia. Pop. 1,136. It derives its name from some ancient works in a rude circular form, on the site of which it is situated. The adjacent country is amongst the most fertile of the Ohio valley. CITY POINT, v. Prince George co. Va. on the S. side of James river, at the junction of the Appomatox ; 100 m. above Hampton Roads, 12 E. from Petersburg, 25 SE. from Richmond, 158 from W. Lon. 77° 32' W. lat. 37° IS' N. James river is navigable to this place for large ships, which come up here to load. CLACK AMUS, r. Oregon Territory, joins the Wallaumut. CLAIBORNE, co. Ten. between Clinch and Powell's rivers; bounded by Va. N. by Hawkins co. Ten. E. Clinch river, or Granger, and Knox SE. and Powell's river, or Camp- bell, NW. Length 40 m. mean width 10. Chief town, Tazewell. Pop. 8,470. CLAIBORNE, co. Miss. ; bounded NW. by Mississippi and Big-black rivers, and S. by Jefierson. Length 32 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Gibson-port. Pop. 9,818. CLAIBORNE, Fort, t. on the left bank of Alabama river, in Monroe co. Ala. at the head of schooner navigation, 25 m. E. from Yea &i Stephens. CLAIR, St. a lake of N. America, between the lakes Huron and Erie, 90 m. in circum- ference. It receives the waters of the lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron, and also of the river Thames, from U. Canada, in the lat. of 42° 32' N. and discharges them, through the strait called Detroit, into the lake Erie. CLAIR, St. a county in the state of Illinois, the W. side of which borders on the Missis- sippi river, in lat. 38° 30' N. Pop. 7,092. Chief town, Belleville. CLAREMrslianico.Geo. 140 m. NW. from Aujjusta. (■LARKSBUR(i, v. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. NW. from f 'hillicotlic. CIiARKSBUIJ( i, t. and spat of justice, Lewis CO. Ken. on a creek of Ohio river, !25 ni. by land NNW. from Washintrlon, Ken. Lat. 38^ 44' N.; Ion. from \V. 0^ 10' W. CLARK'S Ft)RK, r. oneof the preat brancli- es of the Yellow-stone, fiJls into that stream Irotn the S. about 100 ni. above the mouth of Bipliorn river. CLAK KSON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820,1,612; in 18.30, 3,2.51. CLARK'S RIVER, tiie great middle branch of Columbia r. rises in tlic Chippewan moun- tains, interlocking with tlic sources of the Mis- souri, flows SVV. VV. and NW. by a course of alwut 800 m. joins Lewis' river, and forms tlie Columbia. CLARKSl'OWN, t. and seat of justice, Rocyand co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, l,g08; in 1830, 2,298. CLARKESVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. 'i'en. on the jwint of land formed by the junction of Cumberland and Red rivers, 4j m. by land below Nasiiville. Lat. 36° 28' N. ; Ion. from W. 10° 11' W. CLARKESVILLE, t. Clarke co. In. at the lower part of the rapids of Ohio. CLARKSVILLE, v. Clinton co.Ohio, 85 m. SW. from Columbus. CLARKSVILLE, Greene co. Pa. CLARKSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Pa. CLARKSVILIiE, v. King and Queen co. Va. 50 ms. NE. from Richmond. CLARKSVILLE, v. Habersham co. Geo. 140 m. N. from Milledgeville. CLARKSVILIiE, v. Pike co. Miso. on Mis- sissippi r. 83 m. NNW. from St. Charles, and 93 NNW. from St. Louis. CLARKSVILLE, v. Clark co. Ala. 12 m. NE. from St. Stephens. CLAVERACK, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 2,813 ; in 1830, 3,000. The village of the same name is situated 5 m. E. from Hudson. CLAY, CO. Ken. on the head waters of Cum- berland and Kentucky r. bounded by Knox co. SE., Rockcastle W., Madison, Estill, and Floyd E. ; length 50 m. mean widtli about 40, area 2,000 sq. ms. Chief town, Manchester. Pop. in 1820, 4,393 ; in 1830, 3,540. CLAY, C. H. Clay co. Miso. 286 m. up the Missouri r. above St. Charles, and 300 from St. Louis. CLAY-PONDS, light-house, on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. CLAYSVILLE, v. Washington co. Pa. on the U. S. turnpike road, 10 m. W. from the borough of Washington, 20 E. from Wheeling. This village contains 30 houses, in one street along the road. CLAYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken. 48 m. NE. from Frankfort. CLAYTON, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. from Somerset. Po|). 007. ('LAYTON'S STORE, v. Campbell co. Va. CLAYTONVILLE, v. Raburn co. Geo. 160 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. CLEAR CREEK, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. below Franklin. CLEAR CREEK, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 9 m. SW. from Ijancaster. Pop. 1,174. CLEAR CREEK, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 2,444. CLEAR CREEK, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 309. CLEARFIELD, co. in the central part of Pa. on a creek which runs into the W. branch of the Susquchannah. Pop. in 1820, 2,342; in 1830, 4,803. Chief town, Clearfield. CLEARFIELD, t. and cap. Clearfield co. Pa. situated in the central part of the county, on the W. branch of the Susquchannah. CLERMONT, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 15 m. below Hudson, 45 below Alba- ny. Pop. 1,203. The elegant country -scat of the late Rol)crt R. Livingston is in this town. CLERMONT, co. SW. part of Ohio, on the Ohio r. Pop. 20,466. C'hief town, Batavia. CLEVELAND, t. and cap. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on the mouth of Cuyahoga r. on Lake Erie, 54 m. NW. from Warren, 150 NE. from Columbus, 60 E. from Sandusky, 180 W. from Buffalo, 131 NW. from Pittsburg. During the late war, it was a depot of provisions ; and a place where many boats and lake craft were built ; and it is a noted point of embarkation on the lake. It is a growing place, having 4 churches, a court-house, jail, an academy, 180 house^, 40 stores, 9 groceries, 6 taverns, and 1,200 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 31' N. ; Ion. from W. 4° 44' W. The great Ohio canal here con- nects with tlie lake. This town, intermediate between Buffalo and Cincinnati, and the depot of tlic vast amounts of merchandise destined E. and W. will not fail soon to become an im- portant town. CLEVES, t. King George's co. Va. on the Rappahannock, 2 m. N. from Port Royal. CLEVES, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, at the N. bend of the Ohio, 16 m. W. from Cincinnati. CLIFFORD, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. CLINCH, r. Ten. rises in Va. and running SW. into Tennessee, unites with tlie Holston at Kingston to form the Tennessee r. It is navigable for boats 200 m. CLINCH MOUNTAIN, Ten. divides the waters of Clinch and Holston rivers. CLINTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 26 m. N. from Augusta. Pop. 2,125. CLINTON, CO. in the NE. part of N. Y. bounded N. by Can ;i da, E. by Lake Champlain, S. by Essex co. and VV. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1820, 12,070; in H30, 19,344. Chief town, Plattsburg. It forms the NE. boundary of the state. C;LINT0N, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on the Hudson r. below Hudson. Pop. 2,130. CLINTON, t. Buckingham co. L. C. CLINTON, V. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oriskan- ny creek, 9 m. WSW. from Utica. Hamilton 210 CU-COI. college, neur lliis village, was iiicoiiiorutcd in 181S2, and Iroin the lik'rnl HiipiKirt {liveii by piiblio and private patronu^re, is a flourisliiiiK iriHtitution. It is under the direetioii of ;i pres- ident, 3 professors, and 2 tutors. The studies of which a knowledge is necessary in order to udniission into the ireslunan class, are Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, ( J reck Testament, and Vulgar Arithmetic. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Livy, five books, Adams' Antiquities, Cneca Minora, Gra-ca Majora, Neilson's Exercises, Murray's Gram- mar, Geography, Arithmetic, and Algebra; Sd year, Gra;ca Majora continued, Geography continued, Cicero de Oratore, Horace, Euclid, Webber's Mathematics, and Flint's Surveying; 3d year, Webber's Mathematics finished, En- field's Philosophy, Tacitus, Homer, Tyler's El- ements of History, and Chemistry ; 4tli year, Duncan's Logic, Locke on the Human Under, standing, I'lUey's Moral Philosophy, Blair's Ijcctures, and Kaimes' Elements of Criticism. For tuition each student pays lor tlie first two years $21 per annum, for the other two years $30 j)er annum, room rent $9, and for fward from $1,75 to $2. Commencement is held on the 4tli Wednesday of August. There are 3 vacations; tlie Ist, from connnenccment, 6 weeks ; the 2d, from tlic 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks ; tlic 3d, from tlic 2d Wed- nesday in May, 4 weeks. CLINTON, CO. of Lincoln, U. C. on Lake Ontario. CLINTON, CO. Ohio, on the waters of Little Miami, bounded by Warren W., Greene and Fayette N., Clinton E., Highland SE., and Brown S. ; length 22 m., mean widtli 18. Chief town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 8,(585; in 1830, 11,292. CLINTON, V. Parke co. In. on the right bank of Wabash r. Lat. 39° 40', Ion. from W. 10= 20' W. CLINTON, V. Anderson co. Ten. on the right bank of Clinch r. 150 m. a little N. of E. from Murfreesborough. Lat 36° 5', Ion. from W. 7° 12' W. CLINTON, V. Samson co. N. C. about 70 m. S. from Raleigh. CLINTON, V. and seat of justice, Jones co. Geo. 22 m. W. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33° I'N.; Ion. from W. 6° 48' W. CLINTON HOLLOW, Dutchess co. N. Y. is situated between the townships of Rhine- beck and Poughkeepsie, and lies along Hudson river. The post-office is 90 m. S. from Albany. CLINTONVILLE, v. Onondago co. N. Y. 145 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. CLYDE, r. of Orleans co. Vt. which falls into Lake Memphremagog, at its SE. corner. CLYDE, V. on tlie great western canal, in Seneca co. N. Y. 18 m. NE. from Geneva, and 25 NW. from Auburn. CLYDE RIVER, of N. Y. formed by the outlet of Canandaigua Lake, and Mud creek. These two latter unite at Lyons, in Wayne co. CLYMER, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. COALMINES, V. Chesterfield co. Va. COALSxMOUTH, v. Kcnhawa co. Va. COATESVILLE, v. Chest, r co. V.i. CH)H1JL:SSEC0NTE, r. Kennebeck co. Me. is iiirmed of two braiiches which unite in Gar- diner, and tiills into the Kennebeck. COCIIRANVlLLi:, ('hester eo. Pa. ('(X'KE, CO. E. Ten. bounde.l by N.C. SE., Sevier and Jetlerson W., Jeficrson N., (Jreene NE. ; length 22 m., mean width 17. Chiif town, Newport. Pop. ui lb30, 4,892 ; in 183U, ti,048. COnORUS, t. York co. Pa. on the Codorus. COD'S FERRY, v. Wabash co. II. COEYMANS, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 11 m. below Albany. Pop. 2,723. COFFEY'S FERRY, v. Pulaski co. Ken. COHANZY, or Ctcsarea creek, N. J. rises in Salem co. and passing through Cumbcrlojid CO. fulls into Delaware river opjwsite Bombay Hook. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Bridgeton, 20 m. from its mouth. COM ASSIST, H-p. Norfolk co. Mass. 25 ni. E. from Dedlmm, 2.') SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,229. Coliasset rocks, which have been fatul to many vessels, lie oli" this place, 3 m. from tlic shore. COITSVILLE, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 ni. SE. from Warren. COKALAHISKIT, r. Oregon Ter. rises in tiie Rocky mountains, and, after a course of about 300 m. enters Clark's r. a branch of tlio Columbia, in Ion. 113° W., lat. about 47° N. COLCHES-rER, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, at the mouth of Onion river, 5 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,489. COLCHESTER, t. New London co. Ct. 1.1 m. W. from Norwich, 25 SE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,083. Bacon Academy, in this town, was founded in 1801. Its funds are $30,000. It is a flourishing institution, and has annually about 90 scholars. 'I'he academy building is of brick, 75 feet by 34. COLCHESTER, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 21 m. S. from DeUii. Pop. 1,424. COLCHESTER, t. Fairfax co. Va. on Oc coquani creek, 4 in. above its confluence witli the Potomac, 16 m. SW. from Alexandria, 106 N. from Richmond. The creek is navigable to this place for boats. COLD CREEK, Ohio, runs N. and falls into Sandusky bay, a little W. from Sandusky. Its source is a large spring in the township of Margaretta, covering an acre and a half of ground. A number of mills are erected on the creek. COLDENHAM, v. in Montgomery, Orange CO. N. Y. COLD SPRING, V. Suffolk co. N. Y. at Uie head of a small bay of Long Island Sound, and 38 m. from New York. COLD SPRING, V. Cape May co. N. J. COLD-SPRING COVE, near Burlington, N.J. COLD-STREAM MILLS, v. Hampshire CO. Va. COLEBROOK, t. Coos co. N. H. 10 m. N, from Lancaster, 111 N. from Concord. Pop. 542. COLEBROOK, t Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. I'll. fck CO. Mc, uite ill tJur. . Ta. yN.C.SE., I N., (■rcenu 17. Chiff 'W;inlt!3U, the Codorus. J. 11. i. Y. on the op. 2,723. ski CO. Ken. k, N. J. rises I Cumberland Dsite Bombay 8 of 100 tons ith. p. Mass. 2.') ni. Hoston, Fop. ave been fatal :c, 3 m. from 30. Ohio, 16 ni. n Ter. rises in iT a course of I branch of tlio about 47° N. den CO. Vt. on of Onion river, . 1,489. ndon CO. Ct. 1.^ from Hartford, in this town, is are $30,000. id has annually my building is [e CO. N. Y. 21 CO. Va. on Oc influence witli klexandria, 106 Lk is navigable ji. and falls into Sandusky. Its [le township of 1 and a half of are erected on |omery. Orange po. N. Y. at tlie I Island Sound, ■ay CO. N. J- lar Burlington, |v, Hampshire .i. H. 10 m. N. lioncord. Fop. CO. Ct. 18 ni. CUl^COl. 241 NNE. from f-itcIifiL'ltl. Po|). 1,'271. Hen- ij--. iron-workH, and Hovcrul mills on Still rivor, a water of Farmintjtoii river. COLEBROOK DALE, t. Berks eo. Pa. Pop. 1,046. COIjEUAINE, t. Frnnklin co. Mass. 5 m. N\V. from (ircontield. Fop. 1,H77. COLERAIJSE, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Fop. 1,088. COIiERAINE, t. Benie co. N. C. COLERALNE, v. Camden co. Ceo. on the St. Mary's river, 30 tn. above St. Mary's. COLERAINE, t. B.;(Ubrd co. Fa. Fop. 986. COLERAINE, t. Ross. coOhio, 15 m. iNE. from Chillieotho. COLERAINE, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami river, 15 m. above its junction with the Oliio. COLE RIVER, N. II. runs into Connecti- cut river, at VValpole. COLE RIVER, Va. runs into the Kcnhawa from the S. COLES, V. Woodford co. Ken. 13 m. from Lexington. COLESVILLE, v. Windsor eo. N. Y. COTiESVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. COLIMA, a town of Mexico, in the inten- dcncy of Guadalaxara, on the frontiers of Val- ladolid ; it is seated at the foot of a volcanic mountain, about 300 m. due W. from the city of Mexico, upon the banks of a small river, about 30 m. above its entrance into the Pacific Ocean, in the lat. of 18^ 40' N. The inter- vcning country between the town and the sea is very fertile. Pop. of the town, about 2,500. COLLETON, district S. C. bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Charleston district SE., Beaufort SW., Barnwell andOrangeburgh N W. and part of ('harleston NE. ; length 57 m., mean width 30. Staples, rice, cotton, and to- bacco. Chief town, Waterborough. Pop. in 1820,26,373; in 1830, 27,256. COLLINSBURG, Centre co. Pa. COLORADO, or Riviere Rouge, r. La. which runs into the Gulf of Mexico, 50 m. below New Orleans. COLUMBIA, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Rensselaer co. E. by Massachusetts, S. by Dutchess CO. and W. by tlie Hudson. Pop. in 1820, 38,330 ; in 1830, 39,952. Chief town, Hudson COLUMBIA, CO. N. part of Georgia. Pop. 12,606, of whom 8,135 are blacks. Chief town, Applington. COLUMBIA, District of, see page 149. COLUMBIA, t. Coos co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut, 19 m. N. from Lancaster, 570 from W. Pop. 442. COLUMBIA, t Washington co. Maine, on Pleasant River, 18 m. SW. from Machias, 332 NE. from Boston, 757 from W. Lat 44° 39' N. Pop. 663. COLUMBIA, t Windham co. Ct. 9 m. W. from Windham, 354 from W. Pop. 1,000. COLUMBIA, V. St Lawrence co. N. Y. COLUMBIA, t Sussex co. N. J., on E. side of the Delaware, 20 m. above Easton. COLUMBIA, ca Pa., formed from a part 2F i'op, of Northunihtrland co. (^liief town, Danville, in INJO, 17,621; in 1K1(\2(MH!). Ct)LUMlUA, t. Lancaster co. Fn., on E. side of the Sns']ii('haiin,ih ; U) rn. W. from Lnn- euster, 12 E, from York, 72 \V. from Fhil.iilcl- phia, !l^ i'roiii \V. It is a pk'asunt and flourisli- lug town, and lias coiisidrriible trade, chielly in luiiiljer. It contains a bonk, and 3 iioiises of public worship, 1 lor English Fresljytfrians, 1 lor (ierman Presbyterians, and 1 tor Metho- dists. A large prii|Mirtion of the houses are liaiidsoiiic'ly built witii brick. Here is erected aeroHs tiie Susquehinniili an excellent covered bridirc, 1 i mile in length, which cost 230,000 doUurs. COLUMBIA, t. Fluvanna co. Vn., on N. side of James River, at the jimcl.ion of the Ri- vanna ; .55 m. WNVV. iroin liieimiond, 151 m. from W. It has considerable trade in tobacco. C(JLUMBIA, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on tlio Ohio, at the contlux of tiie liittle Miami ; 5 m. E. troiii Cincinnati, 507 from VV. COLUMBIA, t Cuyahoga co. Ohio. COLUMBIA, t Tvrrel eo. N. C. C;OLUMBIA, t. Richland district, S. C. It is also the capital of the state, on the left bank of the Congaree, immediately below the conflu- ence of Broad and Saluda rivers. It is regu- larly laid out, upon ground considerably ele- vated above the neighlwring streams. Boats of large draught ascend thus high, and a steam- boat has recently been built, intended to ply between Columbia and Charleston. Besides the ordinary buildings, suitable to legislative and judicial proceedings, and for religious pi - poses, a college, under the title of " the S. C. College," was established in this town in 1801, under the direct patronage of the state. It has 9 instructors, and above 100 students, with an excellent library, exceeding 6,000 volumes. It is indeed one of the most flourishing institu- tions in the U. S. ; SW. from the Potomac. COLUMBIA, or Oregon river, one of the largest rivers in N. America, which waters the new territory of Oregon. It rises in the Rocky mountains, about lat 55° N. and running SVV. falls into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 46° 15' N. between Cape Disappointment on the N. and Point Adams on the S. The whole length of the river is estimated at 1500 m. Its princi- pal branches are the Wallaunmt, Ijcwis r. and Clarke's r. all of which empty on the SE. side: the first 125 m. from its mouth, the second 413, and the third about 600. Vessels of 300 tons may ascend the Columbia, as far as tlie mouth of the Wallanmut The tide flows up 183 m. and large sloops may ascend this distance. Seven miles further up the navigation is inter- rupted by the great rapids. Above the rapida the river is navigable for 65 miles, till it is in- terrupted by the long narrows, and 6 miles further up by the falls. Above the falls there are no obstructions for 150 miles, to the mouth of Lewis river. The portages around the great rapids, long narrows, and falls, are in all 5 miles. COLUMBIANA, co. Ohio, bounded by Pa, E., .Tetferson and Harrison S., Stark W., and Portage and Trumbull N.; lengtli 30 m. breadth 24:i COM—CON r t ' ^ I. 30. Surfiicooxtremely broken and liilly,llu)ii;r|i the Koil JM in nioNt |mrts li-rtili.'. 'I'Iuh cdiiiity abounds in iron ore und inincrid coal, iiiid willi cxcollcnt mill HtrciiniH. C'liicl'lown, New Lis- bon. Pop. IHao, 5>a,();J3; in IH.'JO, :J.5,50H. COLl'MHIANA, t. of Colunilnanu c. Ohio, on tht! vvuUth ol' Great Ikaver, lU m. NxNU. from New liiHlion. COLUMHUH, the political niotroiwlin of Ohio, and very nearly the gcofrrapliical centre of it. It ia Hituated on the enut hunk of tiie Scioto river, in the centre of Frunkiin county, and occupieB a beautiful slope, just below th<- confluence of VVhelHtone river with tiie Seioto. It was a compact forest in iHlx!. It now has a number of rcHiwctahle scIkxjIs, a claBsical seminary, the custoinnry number uf stores, a bonk, four printin^-ofliccH, a connnoilious briek market-house, a statii-house, a buildin.\l':<:rH;|IKA(;i'i;, r. ri-i.-s near Mcr- ciTslxir^r, 1*11. and riiii.s into tlic I'otoiiiac at Willi.iiiiK|H>rl, Md. H m. S. ol'tlic \\\. line. (,'ONWIIlI, ro. Ail. Iiotiiidcd liy lloridn S., >foiiroc W. anil NW., [{iitlir N., and Coving- tom r.. ('iii"rto\vii, Sparta. N. lal. 'M' If)'. (.'ONI'X^l'fl, r. Al.i,, receives tiic KHcaniliia, and runs into tlui St. !Mari:i lU'Ainhv/., an urin ot' I'i'ii>!arol,i l);iv. (t is iiaviir.ildf ;il)() miles. ('(».Vi;i)()<;\Vl\l'I' CI.'MKK, I'a. riinH H. into tliu SiiH(|ii('liannali, u little above ilurris- (^ixr^VIAlUJII (;|{Ei;f\, Pa. rlHcs in the Alleffhiiny nunintaiiis, and runs into tlii^ AIlc- ;r|iaiiy, 2.) in. NH. I'roiii l'itt,sbur)r. At Ciicst- nut ridjjc it takes (he naiiK! oC K'iskemanitas. ('imrmauiili siilt-wniks are situated in West- inon^lajid and Indiana counties, on both liaiiks of this creek, 1 in. alMivi; its eonlluencc with the Loyalljannon, and LI NK. from (ircens- CONMSTCMJA, small river of Tjnncaster co. Ph., risinjj on the borders of (Chester, IJorks, ;iii(l Tiehaiion rns. and flowinir SE. throujrli llic ncntri^ of Fiancastcr ro. fidls into the Siis- (liu;hannal) river, about 10 m, below ('olumbia, and an equal rlistanco .'iE. from the city of I/ancaster. It flow.s throuifh one of the most |iro(lu(;tive parts of the state. COXEW A( !(), creek of l*a., RCj)aralinjr Lan- castrr and Dauphin counties, and falling into llicSiis(|uebniinah r. 4 in. below Middletown. ('■<)NEWA( JO, a niiieh more eonsidnrable strcain tlian the prerediinr, risiiij/ in Adams CO. Pa., and flowinir NE. into York, over wliieli it passes to the Sus<|iiehannnli, into which it liills .'i in. below Middletown. COXEW A NGO CM EEK, or small river of X. Y. and Pa. It is formed by the outk'l of Clmtaiique lake, and otiier larfji! ereciks, from • 'liataniiiie and (Jatarauijus counties, N. Y. riicsc unite, and tuniinir S. enter Warren eo. P:i., fulliujr into Allej^diany river at the villajje of Warren. CONxNECTICIIT, the frreat river of New England. It has its source on the N. border of N. II., and se[)arates J>iv\v Ifainpsliire from Vnrinont, passes through Massachusetts and ( 'oimceticut, and flows into Eong Island Sound Ijctween Saybrook and r^iiiie. Its general "-■irsi! is S. I)y VV. till it reaches Middletown, Ct., after which it has a SSE. course to ilg iiioiilii. Its whole l.-ngth is 41 miles. It is n;iviTni)l(. for vessels drawing 10 feel of water Ip Middlpfown, 30 miles, for those drawing 8 •I'f^t to II irtford, 50 miles ; and by means of lot'';.'! and canals, it has been rendered naviga- W« to tlie Fi:l,.(.n Mile F;ills, IJuth, N. H. a.TO niik's abov(! Hartford. The boats which navi- ?atc the river e;:rry from li! to 20 tons in de- woiidiiig, apd about two-thirds as much in re- ''iniiiig. The f;iJls on this river, which havi; ^m re.ncdied by artificial ineaii:!, arc at Eii- fielrl, Cf. the Williniantir, !2 from N. to S. It iiontains 4,000,000 of acres ; comprises 7 counties, Asbtabnla, Tnmiliull, Portage, (Jeauga, ('uyahc 'a, Medina, and Hu- ron ; and is settled principally by emigrants from the stales eft" MasaaehuscttH and Connec- ticut. CONNELESVirj.E, bor. Fayette co. Pn. on N. sid(^ of the Youghiogeny ; S.W m. frotn Philadelphia, ;>00 from W. Pop, 900. It has a jileasant and elevated situation, and com- mands a liandsoine prosjieet. In the neigh- borhood flf the town there are several mer- chant mills, fiimaecR, forges, and many otiKrr mills. The river is navifabk; lo tliis town. CONNORSVILEI'; v. and seat of jimfi^-e, Fayette co. In. on White Water river, f!.') m. SE. bv E. from Indianapolis. Eat. 39° .3H' N. CONNOWIWJO, V. ne;ir( onnowingoFalls in Susqnehannah, NW. angle of (Jeeil eo. Md. IS m. NW. by VV. from Elkton, and 3.'i NE. from Baltimore. (;ONOCO(JHEAGUE, r. Pa. which is form- ed by two branches, one of which, the r ist branch, risers on N. side of Sonth Mountain in Adams co. the other, the W. branch, rises in N. side of North Mountain, in Franklin co. 'I'hey unite 3 m. N. of Maryland line, and the river passes through that frtate, and falls into the Potomac at Williamsport. CONOLOWAY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Potomac, near Hancock's Town, in Maryland. fXlNSTABEE, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on Cmada line; 14 m. NW. from Malone, 23.") NNW. from Albany, CM from W. CO.VS'PANTLV, t. Oswego, co. N. Y. on N. side of Oneida Lake; 43!) m. from W. Pop. 1,1 !)3. Large quantities of iron ore are found here. CONST ANTIA, v. Acadia district. La.; 1,31.'-) ni. from W. CONTOOCOOK, r. N, H. -which rises in JafTrey and Rindge, and runs NE. into th« Merrimack. CONWAY, t. Strafford co. N. II. watered '■'A. 244 CON— COR 1.1 :f' i^"^\i by the Riico; 75 m. N. from Portsinoutli, 55.'j from W. Pop. 1,001. CONWAY, t. Fronl.OI.io,lK.undrd l.y Musk- ingUMi S. Licking SW. Knox W. Wiiync N. Tuscarawas E. and (iurriiHcy SE. LmilMIi 30 tn. mi'iin width 3(1. Siirtitce hillv, nnd soil varied. Chief town, ("osliocton. Pop. lH20, 7,086; in IH.3(), 11,161. COSHCK'TON, t. and seat of justice, Co- shocton CO. Ohio, on the E. side of iViuskingum riv('r, opiKwite to tlie mouth of White Wo- man's river. Lat. 40° 17' N. Ion. 4° 5.V W. from W. COSTON'S INLET, rhnnnel between two small islands of N. Jersey. Lon. 74° 36' W. Int. 39° 14' N. COITON-GIN-PORT, Ala. on the Tom- biglM-e, at the head of navigation ; GO m. S. by W. from Florence. C;0'r'I'ON PORT, l. Madison co. Ala. on the Limestone, 1 m. abov.! its entrance into the 1 nnessee, about 100 fr tm the falls of the Black .Varri r. The rivei (s navigable to this place ibr kec^ and f1 t-bottomcd lx)ats at all seasons. The town wis Iiid out in 1818. COVENT^i i', t. >,rrleans co. Vt. at 8. end of Lake Mcmphn uigog, and 's wai ;cd by Black river; 60m. WE. from .ontplicr. Pop. 728. COVENTRY, t. Grafi r o. N. H.; 9 m. E. from Haverhill. Pop. 4 il. COVENTRY , V nt co. R. I. ; 15 ■ SW. Providence. Pep. 3,r'il. It contains a paper- mill, and severa cotton manufactories. COVENTRY, t. Tolland co. Ct. It is di- vided into two parishes called North and South Coventry. There i«i a Congregational meet- ing-house in each, 4 m. apart. 'I'lie N. parish is 16 m. E. of Hartford, nnd the 8. 20 m. and about the same 'i'^tanco, from Norwich. In the S. parish there is a natural |)ond or lake, about 2 J m. long and 1 broad, from which, by an artificial race, flows a stream of water, affording one of the finest collections of mill- seats in the U. States. On this stream arc al- ready two cotton manufactories, one woollen, two machine manufactories, in which is made b-nery of the first quality, a saw-mill and " ' 1 •■ry. In the N. parish there is a glass- house) and several tanneries. COVENTRY, t. Chc!»ango co. N. Y. 20 m. S8VV. from Norwich ; 148 ni. SW. by W. from Albany. Pop. 1,576. COVERT, t. Seneca co. N. Y. Pop. 1,791. COVINGTON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,716. COVINGTON, t. Campbell co. Ken. sepa- rated from Newport by Ideking river, on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati. It is very finely sittiated, and the streets are so planned that they appear to be a continuation of tiiose of Cincinnati. In this place are respectable man- ufacturing establishments, particularly of cot- ton. COVINGTON, t. St. Tammany's co. Lo.; 1,107 m. from W. COVINGTON, t. and cap. Washington co. II. on Kaskaskias river. COVINGTON, CO. Ala. bordering on Flo- rida. Pop. 1,522, Chief town, Montezuma. COVINGTON, CO. Mis. bounded by the n '■'■ 240 (^OU— CRO M' Clioctaw country NW. Wayne E. Perry S. Jind Lawrence W, Length 2(i ni. mean width 25. Chief town, Williamshurgh. Pop. a/jU). COUNCIL BLUFF, on E. side oftiio Mis- eouri, a little above the mouth of the river Platte, 800 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. i)G^ 40' W. lat. 410 30' N. This place is oc- cupied by the U. S. as a military jMjst ; and Jiere are jrcnerally stationed a few eomi)anies of infantry, with a view to overawe the sur- rounding' tril)es of savages, and to prevent, as well their mutual hostilities, as those incur- sions which tliey might otherwise attempt against the frontier American settlers. The position is a very important one, being about Jialf way between St. Louis and the Mandan village, and at that point on the Missouri, which approaches nearest to tlie post at the mouth of St. Peters, with which, in the event of hostilities, it may co-operate. It is, besides, in tlie centre of the most [xjwerful tribes, and the most numerous Indian jxjpulation, west of the Mis8issi|)|)i. COURTA]}I,EAU, r. La. is formed by the Crocodile and IJooutJ and joins the Atehafii- laya, 30 m. W. from l}aton Rouge. COURTWRKJirr, v. F.artield co. Oliio. GOWDElfSPOR/r, t and cap. Potter co, Pa. COWFORD, ford in St. John's river, Flori- da ; 28 m. N. from the bar at tlic mouth of the river. COW ISLAND, Isle de Vaches, in Mis- souri river, 380 m. above its mouth, about 100 above Fort Osage. Here the cxjjcdition to the Yellow-stone wintered in 1818-19. COWPASTL'RE, r. Va. one of the princi- pal briuiclu^s of James river. COWPl^NS, in Union co. S. C. between Pacolet iiiid Broad rivers, the place where Gen. Moigaii rii'leated the Jkitii^h under Col. Tarle- ton, Jan. 11, 1781. C0WPER8HILT-, v. Robertson co. N. C. COXACKIE, t-Crcene co. N. Y. on thi, Hud- son, 25 m. S. fi'om Albany, 8 above Catskill. Pop. .3,373. 'I'liere are three landings in this town. The villiige of t'oxackie contains l.'iO dwelling-houses, and ii elmreh. New Rultimore was sot oif from the N E. part of this town in 1611. COY All, settlement, Tenn. on Tennessee r. 30 m. below Knoxville. CRAB-ROTTOM, or Hulls, v. Pendleton CO. Va. CRAB-ORCHARD, v. Washington co. Va. CRAB-ORCIIARD, t. Lincoln co. Ken. on Dick's river, 8 m. from Cumberland river, 25 SE. from Dimville. CR AFTSBURY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 28 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 700. The courts of the county were formerly held here. CRAKJIE'S MILT-S, v. Oxford co. Maine. CRANBERRY, r. NV\^. Territory, which runs into the SW. end of T-ake Superior. CRANBl'^iUiY, t. Middlesex co. N. J. !) m. E. from Princeton, 16 SSVV. from Brunswick. CRANHERRY, t. Butler eo. Pa. Pop. 800. CRANBERRY, island, on the coast of Me. SE. ol" Mount Desert. CRANE ISLAND, island in tlie Potomac 30 m. SW. from Annapolis. CUANE ISLAND, narrow island, about fi m. in lengtli, in Hunting sound, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 76= 45' W. lat 34° 40' N. CRANEY, small isl. Va. in Hampton Road, at the nioutliof Elizabeth river; 5 m. SW. from Fort George. There is a strong fort on this island which defends the entrance of James and Eliz.abeth rivers; and in the last war, the British were here docisively repulsed, with great loss, in an attempt against Norfolk and the Constellation frigate. C'R ANSTON, t. Providence co. R. I., on W. side of Narraganset bay ; 5 m. S. from Provi- deuce. Pop. 2,651. This township contains several cottor manufactories, and 5 houses of public worship, 3 for Bajjtists, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Methodists. Here is found iron ore. CRAVEN, CO. SE. part of N. C. 'Pop. 14,325. Chief town, Newljcrn. CRAWFORD, V. Orange co. N. Y., 109 m. S. from Albany. CRAWFORD, CO. I'n., bounded by ErieN,, Wurrcn E., Venango SI']., Mercer S-, and state of Ohio W. ; length 47 ni. mean width 24. Chief town, MeadviUe. Pop. in 1820, 9,397; in 1830, 16,005. CRAWFORD, CO. Mich. It lies west of liiike Michigan. Poi). in 1820, 492; in 1830, 692. C'RAWFORD, CO. In. on the Ohio, below its junction with Great Blue river ; bounded by Oh'io SE., by Perry SW,, Duhois W., Orange N., Wasliington N F.., and Harrison E. ; Icngtii 22 m. mean width 12. Cliief town, Fredonia. Pop. in 1K20, 2,583 ; in 1830, .3,184 C;RAWF0RD, CO. II. bounded by Oarkc N., Wabarsli river IC, l^ldwards, Wayne, and .felFerHon S., and Bond W. ; length 75 m. mean width 35. Pop. in 1820, 3,024 ; in 1830, 3,113. (■REDIT RIVER, U.C.,disc!mrges itself into Lake Ontario, between the hend of tliat lake and York, iii the Mississaga territory. Ii is a great resort for the.se and other Indian tribes, and abounds in fish. ('RENDRIEK, lake, N. Carolina. CRI'ISAPSBURG, t Alleghany co. Md., 2 m. from the Potomac, 8 N. from Frankford. CREWSVILLE, t. Goochland co. Va., lying on the S. side of South Anna river, a branch of Pamunkey river, 20 m. SE. of Columbia court-house, and 122 from W. (TiOGHANSVILLE, t. Ohio, laid out in 1817, on E. bank of the Sandusky, opposite Fort Stephenson, 12 m. above the mouth of tlie river, 105 N. from Columbus. ■ , CROIX, ///, lake, Louisiana, CROOKED CREEK BRIDGE, v. Arm- strong CO. Pa. CROOKED LAKE, in Steuben and Onla- rio COS. N. Y., between Pulleney a!id Wayne, ill Steuben co. ; 5 m. W. from Seneca Lake, 18 miles long, 1} broad. CROOKED (::REEK, r. Pn-, vhieh nins into the Alleirhany, 8 or '.) m. belong Kittnninfr. C ROOKED- ISLAND, island in the group of Bahania.s between"lV. ()0,113. Chief town, Portland. CUMBERLAND, t. Providence co. R. I. on NE. side of the Pawtucket; 6 m. N. from Prov- idence. Pop. 3,675. Here are several cotton manufactories. CUMBERLAND, co. N. J. bounded N. by Gloucester eo. E. by Cape May co. S. by Dcd- aware bay, and W. by Salem eo. Pop. in 1820, 12,668; in 1830, 14,091. Chief town, Bridge- town. CUMBERLAND, t. Adams co. Pa. CUMBERLAND, t. Greene co. Pa. W. of the Monongahela. Pop. 1,.59]. CUMBERLAND, co. Pa. W. of the Susquo- hannah, Iwnnded N. by Miillin co. E. by Dau- phin CO. S. by York and Adams cos. and SW. and W. by Franklin co. Poj). in 1820, 23,606; in 1830, 29,218. Chief town, Carlisle. CUMBERLAND, t. and cap. Alleghany co. Md. on the Potomac, at the jujiction of W^ills' Creek, 148 m. W. by N. from Baltimore, 1.55 from W. It contains a court-house, ii jail, a market-house, a bunk, and 3 houst of public li 248 CUM— DAN worship, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Roman Catho- lics, and 1 for Methodists. CUMBERLAND, co. central part of Va. bounded N. by James river, E. by Powhatan and Amelia cos. S. by Prince Edward co. and W. by Buckingham co. Pop. 11,689, of whom 7,309 are slaves. Chief town, Cartersville. CUMBERLAND, co. central part of N. C. Pop. in 1620, 14,446; in 1830, 14,824. Chief town, Faycttcville. CUMBERLAND, co. S. part of Ken. Pop. 8,636. Chief town, Burkesville. CUMBERLAND, t. New Kent co. Va. on SW. side of the Pamunky, about 35 m. E. from Richmond. CUMBI!RLAND, a town and fort of British America, in a county of the same name, form- ing the isthnms which unites Nova Scotia to New Brunswick. The fort is situate at the head of the bay of Fundy, on the east side of its northern branch, called Chignecto Bay. The isthmus is here about 15 m. across, easily admitting a canal to unite the Bay of Fundy with the Gulf of St Lawrence. Lon. 64° 10' W. lat. 45° 45' N. CUMBERLAND GAP, pass through the Cumberland mountains, in Claiborne co. Ten. ; 130 m. S. from Lexington. CUMBERLAND HOUSE, a station of the Hudson Bay Company, in the country of the Knisteneaux Indians, on the SW. side of Pine •Island Lake, in lat. 54° N. lon. 102° W. CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS, in Ten. The range commences in SW. part of Pa., and in Va. it takes the name of Laurel Moun- tain, passes through SE. part of Kentucky, and terminates in Tennessee ; 80 m. SE. from Nashville. A considerable portion of this mountain in Tennessee, is composed of stu- pendous piles of craggy rocks. It is tliinly covered with trees, and has springs impreg- nated with alum. Lime-stone is found on both sides of it. CUMBERLAND, isl. on the coast of Geo. 20 m. S. from Frederica ; between the mouth of the Great Satilla and Prince William's Sound. It is about 20 m. in circumference. CUMBERLAND, r. rises on the Cumber- land mountains, in the south-east part of Ken. through which it has a course of 200 miles, it has a circuit in Ti 'inessee of 180 miles, thence north, and joins tho Ohio in Kentucky, 11 m. above the mouth of the Tennessee. CUMBERLAND VALLEY, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 570. CUMMINGTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. NW. from Northampton. Pop. in 1820, 1,060; in 1830, 1260. CURRACOA, an island in the Caribbean Sea, lying oiF the coast of Colombia, near the entrance to the Gulf and Lake Maracaibo, 35 miles long and 12 broad, subject to the Dutch. It produces sugar, tobacco, and salt ; has nu- merous warehouses, which used formerly to supply the adjacent coast with the productions of Euroi>e and Asia, and which still continue to do so to some extent. In 1800 some French having settled on part of the island, and be- coming at variance with the Dutch, the latter surrendered the island to a single British frig ate. It was restored to the Dutch by the peace of 1802, and taken from them by a British squadron in 1807, and again restored by the peace of 1814. 'The principal town is St. Pe. ter, at the NE. extremity of the island. Lon. 69° 15' W. lat. 12° 52' N. CURRENT, a township in Lawrence ca Arkansas. CURVINSVILLE, v. Clearfield co. Pa. CURRITUCK, a maritime co. at the NE. extremity of North Carolina, the N. end bor- dering on the Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia, and S. end on Albemarle Sound. This was formerly a very dreary district, but some of the land within the present century has been rendered very productive in rice. Pop. 7,654. The country gives name to one of the inlets into Albemarle Sound. CUYAHOGA, a stream of Ohio falling into Lake Erie at Cleveland. The great Ohio canal passes along this river, and joins the lake at its mouth. See Ohio Canal. CUYAHOGA, a co. of Ohio, bordering upon Lake Erie at the outlet of the above stream. Pop. 10,360. Cleaveland is the capital. CYNTHIANA, t. Harrison co. Ken. D. DACHEET, r. of Arkansas and Louisiana, rises in the, former, and flowing S. into the lat- ter, falls into the head of Lake Bistineau. DAGSBOROUGH, t. and hundred, Susse.T CO. Delaware, S. of Indiana river ; 127 m. S, from Philadelphia, 144 from W. D'AILLEBOUT, Seigniory, Warwick co, L. Canada. DALTON, t. Coos co. N. H. on E. side of the Connecticut; 8 ra. S. from Lancaster, Pop. 532. DALTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass.; 12 m. NNE. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 791. Here are 2 paper-mills, and a cotton and woollen manufactory. DALETOWN, v. Wilcox co. Ala. DALLAS, CO. Ala. bounded by Wilcox S. Marengo W. Greene NW. Perry N. Autauga NE. and Montgomery E. Length 45 m. mean width 24. Chief town, Cahawba. Pop. 14,017. DALMATIA, v. Northumberland co. Pa. DALRYMPLE'S POINT, cape, in the island of Dominica, 2 m. S. from Charlotte's Town. DAMARISCOTTA, river of Maine, or ra- ther a long deep bay, extending from the At- lantic ocean into Lincoln co. tetween Booth- bay and Bristol. DAMASCUS, t. Wayne co. Pa. on Dcla- ware river ; 18 m. NW. from Bethany. Pop. 400. DAMASCUS, V. in the NE. part of Frede- rick CO. Md. on the road from New Market to Bamestown. DAMASCUS, V. Montgomery co. Md. DAMASC^US, V. Logan co. Ohio. DAME'S GORE, Gratton co. N. H. Pop- 38. DAN, r. rises on the borders of North Car- DAN— DAR 249 ) in Lawrence co. rders of North Car- olina and Virginia, and flowing through a fer- tile country, unites with Staunton river to form the Roanoke. It is navigable to Danville, where there are falls of 22 or 23 feet perpen- dicular ; but by the improvements which are contemplated, its nr, igui;on will be extended 100 miles from its r .outh, DANA, t. Worcester co. Mass. ; 23 m. N VV. from Worcester, 70 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 623. DANBURY, t. Grafton co. N. H.; 25 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 786. DANBURY, t. Fairfield co. Ct. The courts are held alternately here !ind at Fairfield. The village contains a court-house, jail, academy, 4 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Episco- palians, Sandemaiiians and Methodists ; and 200 dwelling-houses. Danbury is the most considerable town in tiie county in the extent and variety of business carried on. Here are not less than 50 shops for the manufacture of hats. It is 33 m. WNW. from New Haven, 54 SW. from Hartford, 65 from N. York, 40 from Ncwburgh. Pop. 4,325. In 1777 the town, with a large quantity of military stores, was burnt by the British. In the subsequent battle, Maj. Gen. Wooster was slaui. DANBURY, t. Huron co. Ohio, comprises the peninsula between Portage river and San- dusky Bay. It is about 20 m. long, and 2 or 3 wide, and terminates in Point Prospect. A custom-house is kept . at Bull Island, on the southern shore of the peninsula near the point. Pop. 200. DANBY, t Rutland co. Vt ; 32 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,362. DANBY, t. Tomkins co. N. Y. ; 8 m. N. from Spencer. Pop. 2,481. DANCEY'S STORE, v. Northampton co. N.C. DANDRIDGE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ten. on French Broad river, 33 m. E. from Knoxville. DANIEL HILL, v. Rowan co. N. C. DANIELSVILLE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va. DANIELSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. Geo. ; 90 m. from Milledgeville. DANSVILLE, t Steuben co. N. Y.; 35 m. NW. from Bath. Pop. 1,728. DANUBE, t. in Herkimer co. N. Y. Pop. 1,723. DANVERS, t Essex co. Mass. adjoining Salem; 16 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 4,288. It contains 2 meeting-houses for Congrega- tionalists and 1 for Baptists. The most con- siderable and compact settlement is a continu- ation of the principal street of Salem. Large quantities of b'icks, earthenware, and leather are manufactured here. In the village of New Mills, at the head of Beverly river, there is a liirge iron manufactory, and tlie business of ship-building is carried on. DANVILLE, t. Cumberland co. Me. Pop. 1,128. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Caledonia co. Vt. ; 28 m. ENE. from Montpelier, 165 NNW. from Boston, 535 from W. Lon. 72° 2' W. lat 44° 2«' N. Pop. 3,631. This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and it has a small 2G village containing a court-house, a jail, a print- ing-oftice, a Congregational meeting-house, and it is a place of some trade. DANVILLE, t. Sleuben co. N. Y. ; 20 m. NW. from Bath. Pop. 1,728. DANVILLE, t. and cnp. Cohimbia co. Pa. on the Susquehannah, at the entrance of .Ma- honing creek, 11 m. above Northumberland. There is a copper mine near this town. DANVILLE, t. Essex co. N. Y. DANVILLE, t. Pittsylvania co. Va. on the river Dan, 130 m. by water, and 116 by hind above tlie great i'alls of the Roanoke, abfjut 70 m. S. by W. from Lynchburg, 150 SW. by W. from Richmond, 291 from W. Lon. 1U° 25' W. lat. 36° 34' N. It is situated at the Falls of the Dan, on a wide and beautiful plain, rising gradually from the river to a Mgh eminence, which commands an extensive nnd picturesque prospect, embracing a view of fiie Falls, the gentle current of the river below, and the verdant hills and cultivated fields of the surrounding country. A canal nearly a mile in length has been formed around the Falls, which affords extensive and excellent seats for mills and manufactories, which are improved to considerable extent. The Roa- noke Navigation Company have constructed a canal with locks around the Falls ; and a basin is formed in the centre of the town, safe and convenient for the batteau navigation of the river. Danville has become the upland depot of an extensive commerce, embracing not only the adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and Pf. CaroUna, but also a great part of East Ten- nessee. The articles of commerce consist of wheat, flour, tobacco, cotton, whisky, brandy, Indian corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, and iron. Batteaux, carrying from 8 to 12 hogs- heads of tobacco, and from 30 to 40 barrels of flour, have a convenient navigation from this place to the Falls of the Roano!;e. Roads lead to Danville from various directions, both from Virginia and North Carolina. The town has a very healthy situation, and contains an acad- emy with 45 or 50 students. A newspaper ia published here. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Mercer co. Ken. on the SW. side of Dick's river, 40 m. S. by W. from Frankfort, 33 SSW. from Lexington. Lat 37° 30' N. Pop. 849. It has a court- house and jail, and a church. Several mills and factories arc erected here. A charter for a college at this place has been granted by the legislature ; 2 professors, 1 of languages and 1 of mathematics are appointed, and a large brick building 2 stories high is erected. DANVILLE, t. Knox co. Ohio; 13 m NE. from Mount Vernon. DANVILLE, V. Hendricks co. In. DARBY, Lower, v. Delaware co. Pa. on the E. side of Darby creek, which runs into the Delaware, 7 m. SW. by W. from Philadelphia. DARBY, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. ad- joining Lower Darby. Pop. 700. DARBY, t. Madison co. Ohio, NE. from London. Pop. 500. DARBY, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 14 m. NW from Circleville. Pop. 600. 250 DAR— DEA DARBY, t Union ro. Ohio. Top. 500. DARBY, t Columbia co. Georgia. DARBY, cape of N. America, on the N. Pacific ocean, SW. from the mouth of Norman river. I,on, 86° 30' from W. lat. 64° 21' N. DARBY RIVER, one of the western branches of the Scioto river, rises in Union, Champaign, and Franklin cos. and by a coni' parative course of 65 m. SSE. falls into Scioto river opposite Circleville. DARDANELLES, a place in Cadron, Ar- kansas Territory, on Arkansas river, where the Agent of the Cherokee Indians resides. Two rocky ridges here border the river for some distance, whence originated the name. DARDENNE, t. St. Cliarles district, Miso. ; 1,001 from W. DARIEN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. Pop. 1,201. DARIEN, t. and s-p. M'Intosh co. Geo. on the N. side and principal channel of the Ala- timaha, 12 m. above the bar, and 190 below Milledgcville. The town is situated upon a sandy blutf, and has advanced in wealth and population with great rapidity. It has a bank with a capital of $150,000. Lon. 4° 37' W. from W. lat. 31° 23' N. DARKE, CO. Ohio, bounded W. by Indiana, N. by Mercer, E. by Shelby and Miami, SE. by Montgomery, and S. by Preble. Length 32 m. width 21. Chief town, Greenville. Pop. in 1820, 3,717; in 1830, 6,203. DARKENVILLE, v. Berkeley co. Va. D.i^RNESTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Md. ; 65 m. from W. DARLING ISLAND, the largest of two islands in the entrance of Lake Simcoe, U. C. DARLINGS, V. on Owl creek, Knox co. Ohio ; 15 m. E. from Vernon. DARLING TOWNSHIP, in tlie co. of Durham, U. C. lies to the W. of Clarke, and fronts on Lake Ontario. DARLINGTON, dist. S. C; bounded by Sumpter SW. by Kershaw W. Chesterfield NW. Marlborough NE. and Marion and Wil- liamsburg SE. Length 34 m. width 28. Chief town, Darlington. Pop. 1820, 10,949; in 1830, 12,000. DARLINGTON, v. and scat of justice, Darlington district, S. C. ; on Black creek, very near tlie centre of the district, 40 m. E. from Camden. DARLINGTON, t Warwick co. Indiana, a short distance from the Ohio, about 40 m. SSE. *Vom Princeton. DARTMOUTH, t. and s-p. Bristol co, Mass. It is situated on the NW. side of Buzzard's Bay, r.hout 75 m. S. of Boston. Pop. 3,867. DARTOWN, V. BuUer co. Ohio; 111 m. SW. from Columbus. DARVILLES, v. Dinwiddle co. Va. DAVENPORT, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,780. DAVIDSONVILLE, t. and cap. Lawrence CO. Arkansas Territory, on the W. bank of Black river, at the junction of Spring river. DAVIDSON, CO. Ten. situated on the W. side of Cumberland Mountains, bounded by Robertson N. Sumuer NE. Wilson and Rutli- crford E. Williamson S. and Dickson W. Length 26 m. mean width 22. Chief town, Nashville. Pop. 22,523. DAVIDSTOVVN, v. Hunterdon co. N.J.; 10 m. above Trenton, on the Asimpink creek. DAVIES, CO. of Ken. bounded by Ohio river N. Breckenridge NE. Ohio SE. Muhlenbiirgh S. Hopkins SW. and Henderson W. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Owens- burg. Pop. 5,218. Da VIES, CO. of Indiana, between /the two main branches of White river; boundtd by Dubois SE. and S. Gibson SW. Knox W. Sui- livan NW. and Monroe and Lawrence NE. Ijcngth 60 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Washington. Pop. 4,512. DAVIS'S COVE, harbor on the W. coast of Jamaica, 2 ni. N. Green Island Harbor. DAVIS'S, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. DAVISBOROUGH, v. Washington co.Gco. DAVISBURG, L Christian co. Ken. DAVIS'S STORE, v. Rapide co. La. .. DAVIS TAVERN, v. Sussex co. Va. DAUPHIN, CO. Pa. on the E. side of tlie Susquehonnah ; bounded N. by Northuniber- land, E. by Schuylkill and Lebanon, S. by Lancaster, and W. by the Susquehonnah which separates it from Cumberland. Pop. 25,303. Chief town, Harrisburg. DAUPHIN, isl. on the coast of Alabama, between which and Mobile Point, 3J m. dis- tant, is the entrance of Mobile Bay. Lon. 88<^ 7' W. lat. 30° 10' N. . DAUPHIN, Fort, s-p. in the N. part of St. Domingo. Lat. 19° 41' N. ; lon. 72° 40' W. DAUPHIN, r. N. America, which runs into Lake Winnipec, in lat 52° 15' N. DAVISON POINT, on the W. coast of N. America. Lat. 55° N. DAWFUSKEE, isl. on the coast of S,C. at the entrance of Savannah river. DAYTON, t. and cap. Montgomery co.Ohio, on the Miami, just below tlie junction of Mad river, 52 m. N. from Cincinnati, 66 W. fi-om Columbus, 40 SE. from Urbanna. Pop. 2,965. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyteri- ans, and 1 for Methodists, a bank, and an academy. Mad river affords uncommon ad- vantages for water-works, and numerous mills are erected upon it. DEAD RIVER, Me. the W. branch of the Kennebec. It rises in the highlands which separr.te Maine from Canada, and joins the E. branch about 20 m. from Moosehcad Lake. DEAD RIVER, N. H. runs into tlie Mar- gallawav. DEAD RIVER, NW. Territory, runs into Lal»;*•■- "i\'- -•^frn *-- DEA— DEL \ir>i le coast of S. C. at rritory, runs into 'ide, and beatable i-shore, in Mon- ing place, 7 m. S. ck CO. Me. Pop. Ohio r. bounded Ohio r. E., Swit- inklin N. ; length 27 nil, mean width 15. Chief town, Lawrence- burg. Pop. 14,578. DEARBORN, r. a W. branch of Missouri, into which it foils above the rapids. DECATUR, V. Adams co. Ohio, 117 m. SSW. from Ck)lumbu8. DECATUR, V. Morgan co. Ala. about 200 m. N. from Cahawba. DECATUR, t. Otsego ca N. Y. 12 m. SE. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,110. DECATUR, t Mifflin co. Pa. DECATUR, t Brown co. Ohio, 9 m. W. from West Union. DECATUR, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. DEGHE, r, Indiana, runs into the Wabash from tlie NE. 8 m. below Vincennes. DECKERSTOWN, v, Sussex co. N. J. on the Papaoossing branch of Wallkill r. 20 m. NNE from Newtown, and 102 a little E. of N. fpom Trenton. DEDHAM, t and cap. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 ra. SW. from Boston, 30 NNE. from Provi- denee. Lon. 7P 12' W.; lat. 42° 16' N. Pop. 3,117. It contains a court>house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, and 6 houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. The town is watered by Charles and Neponset rivers, which afford nu- merous seats for mills and manufacturing es- tablishments, which are improved to a consid- erable extent. DEEP RIVER, in N. C. one of the main and higher branches of Cape Fear river. DEER, or Chevreuil, r. N. A. runs into the E. side of the Mississippi, 37 m. above the falls of Peckagama. DEER CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto from the W. 7 m. N. from Chillicothe. DEER CREEK, t Pickaway ca Ohio, 9 m. W. from Circleville. Pop. 2,000. DEER CREEK, t Madison ca Ohia DEERFIELD, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the W. side of Connecticut r. 4 m. S. from Green- field, 17 N. from Northampton, 92 W. from Boston. Pop. 2,003. It contains a handsome village, witli a chare' . and an academy, and is in a very fertile country. DEERFIELD, t Rockingham co. N. H. Pop. 2,086. DEERFIELD, t Oneida co. N. Y. opposite Utica, on the Mohawk. Pop. 4,182. DEERFIELD, t. Cumberland co. N. J. DEERFIELD, t. Tioga ca Pa. DEERFIELD, t. Warren ca Ohia DEERFIELD, t. Morean ca Ohia DEERFIELD, v. Augusta ca Va. 152 m. NNW. from Richmond. DEERFIELD RIVER, rises in Vt. and flowing S. enters Mass. turns to nearly E. and fii'ils into Connecticut river between Greenfield and Dcerfifld. DEERFIELD SHEET, v. in the N. part of ("uriibcrl.ind co. N.J. on Cohansey creek, between Woodl)urv and Brifijjcton, 64 m. SSW. fioin 'I'renton, and 35 S. from Philadelphia. DEERING, t Hillsborough ca N. H. Pop. DEER ISLAND, New Brunswick, in Pas- nanianuoddy buy. Pop. 2,217. DEER ISLE, isl. and t Hancock co. Me. on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 9 m. SE. from Castine. Pop. 2,217. DEER PARK, t. Orange co. N. Y. on D( I- aware r. 14 m. N. of W. Goshen, 30 W. from Newburgh, 12.'> from Albany. Pop. 1,167. DEKALB, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the Oswegatchic, 20 iii. from its junction with the St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,061. There is a good boat navigation to the mouth of the river. DE LA FOUCMI-; BAY, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 62^ .39' N. DELAWARE, co. N. Y. on Delaware river, bounded N. by Otsego, E. by Schoharie and Greene, S. by Ulster and Sullivan, and W. by Broome and Chenango and Delaware r. which separates it from Peimsylvania. Pop. 32,933. Chief town, Delhi. DELAWARE, ca in the SE. part of Pa. on Delaware r. Pop. 17,361. Chief town, Chester. DELAWARE BAY, a spacious bay of the U. S. between the states of Delaware and New Jersey. Its entrance is 20 m. wide, between Cape May in lat. 38=^ 56' N. and Cape Henlo- pen in lat. 38° 47' N. It is 65 m. long from Fisher's Point to Cape Henlopen, and in tlie broadest part 30 m. wide. DELAWARE CITY, v. Newcastle ca Del. on the Delaware r. at the mouth of the Chcsi»- peake and Delaware canal. It is a small vil- lage, but contains some fine houses. DELAWARE RIVER, rises in N. Y. in the Catskill mountains. In its course, it re- sembles the letter W. It separates Pennsyl- vania from New York and New Jersey, and runs into Delaware bay, 5 m. below Newcastle. It is navigable for ships of the line 40 m. to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 m. further to the head of the tide, at Trenton falls. Above the falls, it is navigable 100 m. for boats of 8 or 9 tons. The whole length, from its source to the bay, is 300 m. DELAWARE, state, see page 84. DELAWARE, t. King WUliam ca Vn. on the point between the Pamunky and Mata- pony rivers. DELAWARE, ca Ohio, on the Scioto and Whitestone rivers, and on Alum creek, bound- ed by Franklin S. Madison SW. Union W. Marion N. and Knox and Licking E. ; length 27 m. mean breadth 24. Chief town, Dela- wara Pop. 11,523. DELAWARE, v. and seat of justice, Dela- ware CO. Ohio, on Whitestone branch of Scioto. ?25 m. N. from Columbus. Lat. 48° 18' N., Ion. from W. 6° 5' W. DELAWARE, ca Indiana. Pop. 2,372. Munnytown is tlie capital. DELAWARE, r. E. Florida, runs into the Gulf of Mexico, near Cape Roman. DET>AVVARE, t Wayne co. Pa, on the river [)plav7;ir('. D^;l,l•]R'i', Seigniory, Huntingdon co. L.C. on the Soreile r. 27 m. SSE. from Montreal. DELHL t Hamilton co. Ohia Pop. 1,15a DELHI, t and cap. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Delaware, 68 m. W. from Catskill, 70 SW. from Albany. Pop. 2,114. The township is • m- 'h^:J^"*'" i!» i fi i 252 DEL-DET extensive ; near its centre there is a pleasant villafro containing the county buildings. DELISTE, small r. which rises in U. Can- ada, and falls into the St. Lawrence, in Lower Canada, near its W. boundary. DELM AR, t. Lycoming co. Pa. 25 m. NW. from Williamsport. Pop. 900. DELM AR, t. Tioga CO. Pa. DELPHI, t. Marion co. Ten. DELPHI, V. Onondago co. N. Y. DEMIQUAIN, r. II. rr-.s into the Illinois r. from the NW. 16(J m. above its mouth. It is said to be navigable 120 m. DEMOPOLIS, V. Morengo co. Ala. DEMOTT'S STORE, v. in Romulus, Sen- eca CO. N. Y. DENBIGH, Cape, on NW. coast of Ameri- ca, in Norton Sound. Lat. 65° 23' N. DENMARK, t. Oxford co. Me. 30 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 954. DENMARK, or Harrisburg, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 150 m. NW. from Alba- ny, 4m from W, Pop. 2,270. DENMARK, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, E. from Jefferson, 379 m. from W. DENMARK, v. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black r. on the road from Utica to Sncket's Harbor. Fop. in 1620, 1,745 ; in 1830, 2,270. DENNIS, t Barnstable co. Mass. on Barn- stable Bay, 9 m. ENE. from Barnstable, 76 SE. from Boston, 492 from W. Pop. 2,317. It. contains 3 meeting-houses, 2 for Congregation- alists, and 1 for Quakers. DENNIS, V. Amelia co. Va. DENNIS CREEK, v. Cape May co. N. J. by the postroad 101 m. nearly S. from Trenton. The village of Dennis Creek stands on a creek of that name, about 30 ra. S. by E. fr. Bridgeton. DENNY'S RIV?R, Washington co. Me. runs into a bay of the same name which forms the N. branch of Cobscook Bay. DENNYSVILLE, t. Washington co. Me. lies on the bay and river of the same name and on Penimaquan Bay. The village is hand- somely built at tlie head of tide water on Den- ny's river, and contains several saw-mills, a grist-mL'l, fulling-mill, carding-niachine, and tannery. It is well situated for manufactures : 17 m. iVW. from Eastport. Pop. 856. DENTON, t. and .cap. Caroline co. Md. on the Choptank, 37 m. SSW. from Chester, 95 from W. It is a small town, regularly laid out, and contains a bank. DEPOSIT, v. Tompkins co. N. Y on the Delaware, 14 m. SE. from Oquago, 331 from W. This village has considerable trade in lumber. DEPTFORD, t Gloucester co. N. J. DE RAMSAY, 2 Seigniories, in L. C. one in Richelieu co. 36 m. E. from Montreal, and the other in Warwick co. DERBANE,r. Louisiana, which flows ESE. and joins the Ouachitta, lat. 32° 39' N. It is navigable for large boats 30 or 40 m. DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which luns into Timballier Bay. DERBANE, r. Mis. which runs into the bay of Pines, Ion. 88° 19' W. ; lat 30° 22' N. DERBY, t Orleans co. Vt. 65 m. NNE. from Montpelier, 579 from W. Pop. 1,469. It Iie» on the E. side of Lake Memphremagog, bor- dering on Stanstead in Canada. DERBY, t. New Haven co. Ct. on the Hou- satonnuc, at the junction of Naugatuc river, 12 m. above its mouth, and 8 W. from New Haven. Pop. 2,253. It contains 5 churches, 2 Episcopal, 2 Congregational, and 1 Methodist. The river is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. DERMON, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 3,000. DERRY, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swatara creek, 2 m. above its junction with tife Susquc hannah. Pop. 2,500. In the bank of the creek is a cavern, containing numerous apartments. DERRY, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,000, DERUYTER, t, Madison co. N. Y. 34 m. SW. from Utica, 130 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,447. DES MOINS, large r. Missouri, which runs SE. and joins the Mississippi, about 130 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. From the rapids to its mouth, it forms the boundary of the state of Missouri. It may be ascended in boats 800 m. DESPAGE, or Fox river, runs into the II. linois from the N. about half way between Lake Pioria and the forks of the Illinois. Its course is nearly parallel with that of the Des- plones. DESPLANES, r. Illinois, rises W. of Lake Michigan, and flowing SW. meets the Kanka- kee, to form Illinois river. The Desplancs communicates with a lake, and from this lake there is a sort of canal to Chicago river, partly worn by the water, and partly made by the French and Indians, through which boats pass in wet seasons. DESTRUCTION ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 47° 37' N. DETOUR, cape, Michigan, the W. point at the entrance of the Straits of St. Mary's, 40 m. from Michillimackinac. Lat. 45° 54' N. DETOUR, cape, NW. Ter. at the SW. end of Lake Superior, DETROIT, city, and port of entry, Wayne CO. and capital of Michigan Territory, and the only town of much size in the territory. It is situated on the W. bank of the river Detroit, 18 m. above Maiden in Canada, 6 below the outlet of Lake St. Clair, 302 W. from Buffalo, and 548 from W. The banks are 20 feet above the highest waters of the river. The plain on which it is built is beautiful, and the position altogether delightful and romantic The streets are wide, and the houses are of stone, brick, frame and logs, and some of them make a very showy appearance. Three of the principal streets run parallel with the river, and are crossed at right angles by six principal cross streets. Several wharves project into tiie river. The United States wharf is 140 feet long, and a vessel of 400 tons burthen can load at its head. The public buildings are a council- house, State-house, United States store, Presby- terian church, a Roman Catliolic chapel, and some other public buildings. There are a num- ber of stores, and others building. Rents and the value of lots are rising, and the town ex- hibitH marks of rapid population and improve- DET— DIX 253 , 1,469. It lies hremagog, bor- Ct. on the Hou- ^augatuc river, I W. from New tins 5 churches, and 1 Methodist, sels of 100 tons. a. Pop. 3,000, Pa. on Swatara with tlte Susquc- lank of the creek ous apartment*. )hio. Pop. 1,000, CO. N. Y. 34 m, n Albany. Pop. souri, which runs pi, about 130 m. louri. From the the boundary of ly be ascended in runs into the 11. alf way between ■ the Illinois. Its li that of the Des- went. It was almost entirely consnmrd by lire in 180t>, and the niipearancc of tlie new town is much superior to tlie old one. Pop. 2222. ' DETROIT RIVER, N. A. which connects Lake .St. Clair with liake Erie, is 28 m. long, and opposite Detroit, .7 of a mile wide, enlarg- ing as it descends, and is navigablq for vessels of any burden. DEUX COEURS, r. Michigan Ter. which runs into Lake SujMjrior, 21 m. W. from White fish Point, and G(i VV. from St. Mary's r. It is 25 ynrds wide, and boatablc at its entrance. DEUX MONTAGNES, lake, Canada, or rather expansion of the river Ottawa, at its junction with the St Lawrence. It is 24 m. long, and *rom 1 to 6 broad. DEVERTE, bay of New Brunswick, on tho NE. coast. Lon. from W. 13= 10' E. lat. 46° N. DEVIL'S HOLE, chasm of rocks, forming a bay on E. side of the Niagara, N. Y. 4 m. below the Falls. It is semicircular, about 1,200 feet in circumference, and is remarkable for a great eddy, and a violent commotion of the w,iter. DEVIL'S ISLAND, Key and Race, names given to several small islands in the West In- dies, and off the E. coast of South America, generally of rugged aspect and difficult to ap- proach. DEVON, CO. U. C, S. off the St, Lawrence, ixtwcen Hertford and Corriwallis counties. DEWEE, small island, S. C. in Charleston harbor. DEWEYSBURGH, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 28 m. ENE. from Montpelier. DEXTER, V. S. part of Penobscot co. Me. 125 m. NE. from Portland. Pop. 885. DIAMOND POINT, cape, on the W. coast of Martiiiico. Lon. 61° W. ; lat. 14° 25' N. DIAMOND RIVER, r. N. H. which runs into the Margallaway, near the E. border of the state. Lat. 44° 48' N. DICKINSON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 12 m. W. from Malone, and 230 N. from Albany. Pop. 446. DICKINSON, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop, 2,100. DICKINSON, t Russel co. Va. DICKS, r. Ken. which runs into the Ken- tucky r, Length, 50 m. DICF:S0N, CO. West Tennessee, on the W. side of tlie Cumberland r. Pop. 7,261. Chief town, Charlotte. DICKINSON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. ; 12 m. W. from Malone. Pop. 495. DICKINSONVILLE, v. Franklin co. Va. 279 m. from W. DICKINSONVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. DICKS, r. runs into the Kentucky, after a N\V. course of 50 m. Lon. 84° 56' W. lat. 37° 40' N. DICK'S CREEK, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. above Hamilton. DICKSON, CO. W. Tennessee. Pop. m 1820,5,190; in 1830, 7,261. Chief town, Char, lotte. DICKSVILLE, v. GuUford co. N. C. DIGBY, t. Nova Scotia, on the Bay of An- napolis ; 15 m. SW. from Annapolis. DIGIDUASH, r. New Brunswick, which run:- mto Pnssnmaquoddy Bav. DIGG'S POINT, point, Md. at the conflu- cnce of Piscataway river with the Potomac. DIGHTON, t. and port of entry, Bristol co. Mass. on W. side of Taunton river ; 7 m. SSVV. from Taunton, 39 S. from Boston, 434 from W. Pop. 1,737. All the shipping of Wel- lington, Taunton, Troy, Freetown, Berkeley, Somerset, and Swansey, is entered at this port. There is in this town, near tlie river, a rock, which contains a remarkable hieroglyphic in- scription, of which no satisfactory explanation ha« yet been given. DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C. DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. Ten. DILL'S FERRY, v. Northampton co. Pa. DINGMANSBURG, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the E. branch of Great Miami river, below the mouth of Musquitoe creek ; 1 1 m. above Pi- qua, 19 above Troy. DINGMAN'S FERRY, over Delaware r. Pike CO. Pa.; 28 m. above Delaware Water Gap, and 8 below Milford. DILLSBURG, t. York co. Pa.; 96 m. from W. DINWIDDIE, CO. Va. ; bounded N. by the Appomatox, which separates it from Chester- field CO. E. by Prince George co. SE. by Sus- sex CO. SW. by Brunswick and Lunenburg COS. W. by Nottoway co. and NW. by Amelia CO. The county court-house is situated 14 m. SW. from Petersburg, 164 from W. Pop. 18,637. Chief town, Petersburg. Near tlie C. H. there is an academy. DIPPER HARBOR, New Br ns ick, in the Bay of Fundy, 24 m. SW from Ut. Johns. DISAPPOINTMENT, Cape. It is the N. point of the mouth of Columbia river. Lon. 48° from W. lat. 46° 19' N. DISMAL SWAMP, large tract of marshy land, beginning a Uttle S. of Norfolk in Virginia, and extending into N. Carolina, to the amount of 150,000 acres ; 30 m. long from N. to S. and 10 broad. This tract is entirely covered with trees, some of which grow to a very large size ; and between them the brushwood springs up so thick, that many parts are utterly imjier- vious. In tlie midst of the swamp is a lake, called Drummond's Pond, 7 miles in length. This lake furnishes water for the canal which connects Elizabeth river with the Pasquotank. Tlie Pasquotank flows from this lake south, and the Nansemond flows from it north. DIVIDING CREEK, v. Cumberland co. N. J. ; 200 m. from W. DIVIDIN(J CREEK, r. Va. which flows between Lnncuster and Northumberland cos. into the Chesapeake. DIVISION, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 23 m. E. from Auburn, 170 W. from Albany, 389 from W. DIXFIELD, t Oxford co. Me.; 18 m. NE, from Paris. Pop. 890. DIXHILLS, V. in Huntingdon co. N. Y 254 nix— Dov : . .^ .14 DIXMONT, or Colkfretrntn, t. Penr.bscot CO. Mo.; 40 m« NW. from Castino, 230 NK fror?i IJoBton, 6G6 from W. Pop. f)45. DIX( >N, t. Prcblo CO. Ohio. , DIXON'S SPRINGS, v. Smith co. Ten. DIXVII^LE, t. C.008 CO. N. H.; 110 m. N. from Concord. DIXVILLE, V. Henry co. Va. DORBS, Cape, in Hudson's Bay, at the S, si'Ic of the entrance of Wager's river. Lon, «K^ 30' W. lat. 6.5° N. DOROY SOUND and INLET, on the coast offjicorgia, which receives the N. branch of the Aliitaninha river. The bar Jias 14 feet at low water, and is in laL 31° 20' N. DOBSON'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Stokes co, N.C. DOG RIVER, r. N. America, which passes by I'ort William, and runs into Lake SuiHjrior just below. DOG'S RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs into the W. side of Mobile Bay, Ion. 88° 3' W, kt 30° 40' N. DOMAINE, Rivii-rc du, r. Lower Canada, which flows into the St. Lawrence, 6 m. below tlic^ Island of Orleans. DOMINGO, St. or Hisjmniola, one of the richest islands in the West Indies, 400 m. in length, and 75 in brcadtli. It was discovered by Columbus in 1492, and is surrounded by craggy rocks and dangerous shoals. It has a great many rivers, and mines of gold, tale, and crystal. The Spaniards had possession of the whole island for 120 years. They were after wards forced to divide the island with the French. Since the revolution in France, this island has been subject to great calamities. In 1791, an insurrection began in the French plantations, which, after a series of sanguinary scenes, has terminated in tlie establishment of a free African state, under the name of the Republic of Hayti. In 1821, the Spanish part fell also under the authority of Boyer, the presi- dent or king, and left him master of the wnole island. St. Domingo has Cuba W. Porto Rico E. and Jamaica SW. DOMINGO, St. capital of tlie E. part of the Island of St. Domingo, on a navigable river. It had formerly a harbor, but it is now choked up with sand. Though its trade has been long extinct, it was in a respectable condition while it continued in the hands of the Span- iards. The city itself is large, well built of stone, and defended by batteries. Lon. 70° 10' W. lat. 18° 20' N. DOMINICA, one of the windward Caribbee islands in the W. Indies. It lies about half way between Guadaloupe and Martinico, and is 28 m. long and 13 broad. It was taken by the English in 1761, and confirmed to them by the peace of 1763. The French took it in 1778, but restored it in 1783. The capital is Char- lottetown. DON, r. Upper Canada, runs into Lake On- tario at York Harbor. DONALDSON, v. Rowan co. N. C. DONALDSONVILLE, t. in the parish of Ascension, La. on the W. bank of tlie Missis- sippi, at the efflux of the Lafourche, 90 ni. above New Orleans. DONEGAL, t Lancaster co. Pa. on NE. side of the Sustiuehannah ; 18 in. WNW. from Lancaster. DONEGAL, t. Washington co. Pa. It lies SW. from W. DONEGAIi, t. Westmoreland co. Pa.; E. of Laurel Hill. 1X:)NEGAL, t. Butler co. Pa. DONNA MARIA BAY, on the W. coast of the island of Hispaniola. DORCHESTER, t. Grafton co. N. H.; 15 m. from Plymouth. Pop. 702. DORCHESTER, t. Norfolk co. Mass. j 3 m. S. fVom Boston. Pop. 4,064. It is a very pleasant town, and contains many fine country- seats, a town-house, and 4 houses of jiubJic worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 Ibr Methodists ; and has some manufactures. DORCHESTER, co. Lower Canada, on tlie S. side of the St. Lawrence, and extending along tlie E. bank of the Chaudiere. DORCHESTER, t. Middlesex co. U. C. DORCHESTER, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on the E. side of Morris river, 5 m. from its mouth, 17 E. from Fairfield. DORCHESTER, co. Md. on the enstem shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Tal- bot and Caroline counties, E. by Delaware, S, and W. by C;hesapeake Bay. Pop. 18,685. Chief town, Cambridge. DORCHESTER, t and cap. Colleton dis- triet, S. C. on Ashley river, 18 m. WNW. from Charleston. DORSET, t. Bennington co. Vt about 25 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,507. DOUBLE-BRIDGE, v. Lunenburg co. Va, DOUGHTY'S FALLS, v. York co. Maine. DOUGLAS, Cape, lofty promontory on the W. coast of America, within the entrance of Cook's river. It was discovered by captain Cook in 1778. Its summit forms two very high mountains. Lon. from W. 75° 30' W. lat. 58° N. DOUGLAS ISLAND, between Admiralty island and tlie NW. coast of America. Lat. 58°]6'N. DOUGLASS, v. Worcester oo. Mass., 25 m, from. Providence, R, I., 4 from tlie NW. angle of that state, and 39 SW. from Boston. Poj). in 1820, 1,375 ; in 1830, 1,742. DOUGLASS, t Montgomery co. Pa. on the N. side of the Schuylkill. DOUGLASS, t. Berks co. Pa. DOUGLASS-MILLS, v. Cumberland co. Pa. DOVE, cap(% on the coast of Nova Scotia. Lon, 64° W. lat. 54° 20' N. DOVER, t. and cap. Strafford oo. N. H. 12 m, NNW. from Portsmoutli. Lat. 43° 11' N. long. 70° 50' W. Pop. 5,449. The village is at the head of the tide, on Cocheco liver, 4 m. above its junction witli Salmon Falls river. It is an undent town, having been incorj. orated in 1633, and contains a court-house, a j il, a bank, a printuig-office, and two houses for jml' lie worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for ifourche, 90 ni. Eo. Pa. on NE. in. WNW. from 1 CO. Pa. It lies and CO. Pa.; E. ?a. on the W. coast m CO. N. H. ; 15 2. Ik CO. Maes. ; 3 m. 14. It is a very mny fine country, houses of public nalists, and 1 lor nanufactures. ;er Canada, on the EC, and extending laudiere. Ilescx CO. U. C. iberland co. N. J. ver, 5 m. from its I. Id. on the enstem ounded N. by Tal- E. by Delaware, S. Bay. Pop. 18,685. I cap. Colleton dis- 118 m. WNW. from .n CO. Vt about 25 Pop. 1,507. Lunenburg co. va. V. York CO. Maine, promontory on the iin the entrance of covered by captain [lit forms two very om W. 75° 30' V'. between Admiralty of America. Lat. -iter 00. Mass., 25 m. rom tJie NW. angle from Boston. Fop. ,742. Imery co. Pa. on the ». Pa. Cumberland co. oast of No\-a Scotia. X'afford CO. N. H; 1? (til. Lat.43Ml'^ 1449. The village is Cocheco river, 4 ni. Jlmon Falls river. » r^ been incori-oratea lourt-housc, a y"^^ I two houses for pii^- ■ationalists, and 1 tot DOV— DUC 255 Friends, jrress in Dover has of late made much pro- manufactures. A company with a capital of 8500,000, have erected a rolling and slittinjr mill and nail factory, at wliich 1,000 tons of iron are rolled and 600 or 700 cut into nails annually, and 2 cotton factories, one of which has 4,000 spindlus and 120 or 130 looms, and is calculated to produce 20,000 yards of cloth per week. Other improvements are Ik;- fun. Dover has daily communications witii ortamouth by a packet-boat. DOVER, Penobscot co. Me. 155 m. NE. from Portland. DOVER, t Windham co. Vt. Pop. 831. DOVER, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on Charles r. 7 m. W. from Dcdliam, 16 SW. from Boston. Pop. 4!)7. DOVER, V. Kent co. Del. and the seat of state government; situated on Jones' creek, near its junction with the river Delaware, about 36 m. S. of Newcastle. This small town is neatly built, the houses being mostly of bricks, and the streets disposed with regularity. In the centre is a handsome square, on which the state-house and public offices are erected. It lies in the lat. of 39° 10' N. and Ion. 75° 30' W. Pop. 1,300. DOVER, t York co. Pa. situated about 8 m. westward from York. Pop. 1,600. DOVER, t Dutchess co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 2,193; in 1830, 2,1[)8. DOVER, t Monmouth co. N. J. on Cedar Bav creek, 40 m. E. from Philadelphia. DOVER, t. York eo. Pa. on a branch of Conewajro creek. Pop. 2,000. DOVER, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 400. DOVER, t Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 700. DOVER, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 950. DOVER, t. and seat of justice, Stuart co. Ten. on the left bank of Cumberland river, 35 m. below Clarksville. DOVER, Kent co. U. C. on the right bank of the Thames, opposite Raleigh. DOWNE, L Cumberland co. N. J. DOWNINGTOWN, t. Chester co. Pa. on the E. side of Brandy wine creek, 33 m. W. by N. from Philadelphia. It is a pleasant village. DOYLESTOWN, t. Bucss co. Pa. 15 m. NW. from Newton, 26 N. from Philadelphia, Pop. 2,162. . DOYLESVILLE, v. Feliciana co. La. DRACUT, t Middlesex co. Mass. Pop. 1,615. DRAKE'S FERRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa.; 142 m. from W. DRANSVILLE, t Fairfax co. Va. DRESDEN, t Lincohi co. Maine, on E. side of the Kennebeck ; 9 m. NW. from Wiscasset, 160 NE. from Boston, W. 613. Pop. 1,559. DRESDEN, t Muskingum co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 15 m. N. Zanesville. DREWSVILLE, v. Cheshire co. N. H. 60 m. from Concord. DRIPPING SPRINGS, v. Warren co. Ky. •08 ra. from W. DROMORE, t Lancaster co. Pa., on E. side f'f the Susquehannah ; 17 m. S, from Loncas- iter. Pop. 1,500. DROWNED LANDS, valuable tract of about 50,000 acres in tho state of N. Y., on the N. sido of the mountains, in Orange co. The wnttrs, uliicii descend from the surround- injj hills, being slowly discharged by the river VValkill, cover these vast meadows every win- ter, and reiuler tliem extremely fertile. DliOVVNKD MEADOW, v. in Brooklmvcn, N. Y. ; 3 in. E. from Stony Brook, 68 E. from New- York, .'103 from VV. DRUM M( )N D'I'i )WN, t. and cap. Accomac CO. Va.; alK)ut 25 m. S. i'rom Snowhill, Md., 215 m. from VV. It contains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 houses. DRUMMOND'S ISLAND, in Lake Huron, 36 m. E. from Mackinaw. Here the British government maintains a garrison, and trading post. DRY RIDGE, v. Pendleton co. Ky. DRYDEN, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. ; 37 m. S. from Auburn, 170 ra. W. from Albany. Pop. 5,206. DUANESBURG, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. ; 23 m. NW. from Albany. Pop, 2,837. • DUBLIN, t. Cheshire co. N. H.; 12 m. ESE. from Keene. Pop. 1,218. It lies on the N. side of Grand Monadnoc'c, and joins upon JafTrey. DUBLIN, t. Harford co. Md., 78 m. from W. DUBLIN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,000. DUBLIN, t. Bedford eo. Pa. DUBLIN, t. and cap. Laurens co. Georgia, on the SW. branch of the Oconee ; 45 m. S. from Milledgeville, 720 ni. from W. It con- tains a court-house and a jail. DUBLIN, Lower, t. Philadelphia co. on the Delaware ; 10 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 3,000. DUBLIN, Upper, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 2,102. DUBLIN, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the right bank of Scioto river, 12 m. NW. from Colum. bus. Pop. about 100. DUBOIS, or Lake nf the Woods, lake of British N. America, W. from Lake La Pluie, or Lake Rain. The river La Pluie flows from the latter to the former. The discharge of the Lake of the Woods is again into Lake Winni- pec. The NW. boundary of the U. S. on N. lat. 49° intersects the W. bonk of tiie Lake of the Woods. s DUBOIS, CO. Ind., bounded by Perry SE., Spencer S., Warwick SW., Pike W., Davies : NW., Owen N., and Orange and Crawford E,, length 20 m., mean width 18 m. Pop. in 1820, 1,168; in 1830, 1,774. Portersville, chief town. DUBUQUE'S LEAD-MINES, Miso. the name of a tract of country commencing 60 m. below Prairie du Chien, and extending about 20 miles along the W. bank of the Mississippi by 9 in depth. It contains rich lead-mines, which are wrought by the Indians. DUCHAT, small r. Indiana, flows from the N. into tlie Wabash, between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe creek. DUCHENE, r. Lower Canada, runs from the N. into tlie St. Lawrence opposite Isle Je- sus. Long. 71° 54' W. lat. 46° 45' N. DUCK, r. Tennessee, which rises in Frank- lin CO. and flows W. by N. through Bedford, i 250 DUG— DUR Mttury, Hickman, and Humphreys cos., and lury, W. 1 i.S!f 11 :1 rl t!-lfc; ^' i \ on W. side of the last joins the Tennessee, about 80 m. W. from Nashville. It is navijra- ble for Ixiats 90 miles. DUCK CREEK, hundred, in N. side of Kent CO. Delaware. Pop. 4,000. DUCK CREEK, r. Del., which runs into Delaware bay. DUCK CREEK, Little, r. Del., which runs into Delaware buy. DUCK CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 1 m. above Marietta. DUCK ISLANDS, two small islands in the Atlantic, nci.r the coast of Maine. Lon. 64° 4' W. lat. 44° 10' N. DUCK ISLANDS, Uppr Canada, in Lake Ontario, near its outlet, with a good harbor. DUCK ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine. Lon. »)7o 43' W. lat. 44° 45' N. DUCK RIVER, small r. Michigan territory, which flows into the west side of Green-bay, about 3 miles from Fort Howard. DUDLEY, t. Worcester co. Mass.; 18 m. SSW. from Worcester, .'55 SW. from Boston, 380 from V Pop. 2,155. DUDLEY ISLAND, island in Passama- quoddy bay, Maine, belonging to Eastport. DUFF'S F(5RKS, v. Fayette co. Ohio. DUGDOMONI, the western branch of the Octohoola, Louisiana. DUKE'S, CO. Mass. It comprises Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands. Pop. 3,518. Chief town, Edgartown. DULCE, r. of N. America, in Costa Rica, and. Veragua, falls into the Gulf of Dulce, after separating the two provinces from which it flows. DULCE, gulf of the Pacific ocean, into which the river Dulce is discharged, lat. 9"^ N. DUMFRIES, t. port of entry, and cap. of Prince William co. Va., on the Quantico, which falls into tiie Potomac 3 m. below the town ; 33 m. S. from W., 88 N. from Richmond. Lon. 77° 28' W. lat 38° 40' N. It contains a court- house, a jail, a meeting-house, a large ware- house, and about 300 buildings ; and has some trade. The Quantico is navigable as far as to the town for boats of 20 tons. At the mouth of the river there is a very handsome and ex- cellent harbor. DUMMER, t. Coos co. N. H. 95 m. N. from Concord. Pop. 65. DUMMERSTON, t. Windham co. Vt.; 31 m. E. from Bennington, 5 N. from Brattlebo- rough, 431 from W. Pop. 1,592. DUMSBURG, t. Lycoming co. Pa. DUNBAR, t. Fayette co. Pa. DUNBARTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. on W. side of the Merrimack, opposite Chester ; 18 m. N. from Amherst, 55 W, from Ports, mouth. Pop. 1,067. DUNCAN, fort, U. C. at the N. end of lake Nipigon. DUNCAN'S CANAL, inlet on an island off" the NW. coast of America, in lat. 56° 58' N. DUNCANSVILLE, v. Barnwell district, S. C. 623 m. from W. DUNDAFF, V. Susquehannah co. Pa. DUNDAS ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 54° 30' N. DUNDAS, CO. of Upper Canada, bounded E, by Stormont, SE. by St. Lawrence river, W. by Greenville, and N. by Ottawa river. DUNG EN ESS, New, point, on the NW. coast of America, at the entrance of the gulf of New Georgia. Lat. 48° 15' N. DUNHAM, t. Bedford co. L.(;. on theSW. branch of tlie Yaniaska. It is a fertile tract of country. Pop. 1,700. DUN KARD, t. (ireene co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,055. DUNKIRK, v.Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, 7 m. from the head of Casada Lakr. DUNKIRK, t. King and Queen co. \ a. 25 m. from Portroyal, 116 from W. DUNKLIN'S, V. Newbury co. S. C, DUNLAPSVILLE, v. on E. branch of White Water river. Union co. In. 50 m. NW. from Cincinnati, and 83 a little S. of £. from Indianapolis. DUNNING STREET, v. Saratoga co. N. Y, 30 m. N. from Albany. DUNNSBURG, v. Lycoming co. Pa. DUNSTABLE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H, on the W. side of Merrimack river, 12 m. SE. from Amherst, 40 NW. from Boston. Pop. 2,417. DUNSTABLE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the S. side of the Merrimack, 37 m. N W. from Boston. Pop. 593. DUNSTABLE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 500. DUNSTANVILLE, v. Edgefield district, S. C. 67 m. W. from Columbia. DUNVEGAN, fort, N. America, on Peace r. Lon. 119° W. lat. 56° N. DUNWICK, t. Middlesex co. U. C. on Lake Erie. DUNWICH, t. U. C. CO. of Suffolk, lies to the W. of Southwold, having the river 'Thaims for its N. and Lake Erie for its S. boundarj. DUPAGE, lake, In. is tlie expansion of liie river Des Planes, 5 miles before it meets the Kankakee. DUPLIN, CO. in Wilmington district, N.C Pop. 11,373. Chief town, Kenansville. At the C. H. is a post-office, 55 m. N. from Wil- mington. DUPLIN, Old, V. Duplin co, N. C. DUPREESVILLE, v. Northampton co, N. C. 206 m. from W. DURANT'S BAY, inlet on the coast of N. C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76' 16' W. lat. 35° 40' N. DURANT'S ISLAND, small isl. in Albe- marle sound, N. C. Lon. 76° 15' W. lat 35- 46' N. DURANT'S POINT, cape, on the coastal N. C. in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76° 30' V lat. 36° 5' N. DURANGO, an intendency of Mexico. It is bounded N. by New Mexico, E. by San I Luis Potosi, S. by Zacatecas and Guadalaxara. and W. by Sonora. It contains 129,947 sc ms. and only 159,700 inhabitants. DURANGO, t. Mexico, in the intendencjl of Durango. It is the residence of tlie id-| DUR-EAS 257 \\e NW. coast of V.Saratoga CO. N.Y. sex CO. V. C. on Lake :D, small isl. in Alb^; ,n.76°15'W. lat3D- ndency of Mexico. w Mexico, E. by Sa^ tecasandGuadalaxa-a [t contains 129,947 sc ' nhabitants. , cico, in the intenden y ^ residence of the !■> tendunt and of a Mshop: 170 Icajruns NW. t'roni the city of I\I.'.xi(\o. I'gp- 12,00(1. DlJUHAM,t. l{iickin(rliani co. L.C bctwern Wickhaia and Melborno, (iO id. E. from Mont- DURHAM, t. (Jrcene w. N. Y. 30 m. NW. from AtlKiiH. Poi). in ls20, 2,\)TJ ; in 1830, 3,03!). DURHAM, CO. U. C. UljRFfAM, nortliern t. of Bucks co. Pa. on tlio W. sido of tlic river Delaware, 12 ni. S. fioin KiiHton. Pop. .W6. DIJIMIAM, t. C'liiiibcrl.md co. Mr. on tlic Anilroscoggin, 2G ni. NE. from Portliind. Pop. 1,731. I)URIIAJI,t. Middlesex co. Ct. 7m.S.from Midtilitown, 18 NE. from New Haven. Pop. l.Uf). DURHAM, formerly Fnf//f)/(/,t. Greene co. N. y. on Catskill r. 20 ni. N W. from Alliens, 3(J S\V. from Albany. Pop. 3,03!). It con- tains 1 Methodist and 2 Presi)ytt rian clmrclicB, and a public library of .'500 voliuntH. DURIIA ^r, New, t. Straftbrd co. N. H. 38 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,(500. DURHAM CREEK, r. Pn. which runs into tlie Delaware, Ion. 75^ 1.')' W. lat. 40° 3.5' N, DUTCHESS, eo. N. Y. on the E. nide of the Hudson, bounded N. l)y Columbia eo. E. by Connecticut, S. by Putnam co. and W, by tlie Hudson, which separates it from Oran, jiiil, nc' . h. , , and '2 liimkN. 'I'l.erc^ in a brid({B over fl. ' ■ r, •' till jiliice, .')7h criH.nnil Lehigh ciinalH unite at this pli.o'. It is IIMI ip frr,in VV. KAS'I'ON, f. and n . , 'I'alliot co. Md. In on 'I'rcadhiivin creek, 12 m. iibove itH jmictioti with ttie Chopliink, I'J MSE. Iroin Amiii|ioliN, 37 S. trom Ciu'clir. It ih the liir^cHt town (in th(; l). Nliore of INIurylind, and a place of ((ui- Nidcriiblf^ biiHineNN. It contiiinH ii hank, nciid- emy, arsciiiil, eoiirt-liouMc, jiiil, two priiitinir. oIliccH, and 4 honses lor public worxhip; 1 liir .Method isl!*, 1 lor EpiHcopalians, 1 tj>r Frieiiiin, and I for blacks. Pop. about l,(il)lt. It m H m. from VV. EAST rrrrSTON, t. in the snulhern part of KennelH'ck co. Me. E. from Kennebeck r. and ()l) m. NE. from Portland. EASTPORT, v. and iKirt of entry. Wash, iiigton CO. Me. at the mouth of Cobscook river, 280 m. NE. from Portland. This town hiw rapidly increased ; its shipping exceeds 7,0011 tons. Pop. in 1H20, 1,937; in 1830, 2,450. EAST PULTNEY, a small river, risin? in Rutland co. Vt. which enters I-akc Chami)lain at Wliitchall, and from that plac(! to the villap; of Pultney, separates N. York from Vermont. EAST RIVER, r. or rather a channel or sound, between Long Island and New York Island, and between Long Island and the Btatc of Connecticut, where it is more generally called IjOiiu Island Suiind. EAST RIVER, iwrt of entry, Va. Amount of shipping, 1,788 tons. EAST RIVER, Florida, runs into Pensaco- la Bay. EAST SUDBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mm. 18 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 944. EAST TOWN, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop, 587, EAST UNION, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from Wooster. Pop. 800, EASTVILLE, v, on the E. shore of Va. m Northampton co. 164 m. from Richmond. EAST WINDSOR, t. Hartford co. Ct on the E. side of Connecticut r. 8 m. above Hart- ford. Pop. in 1820, 3,400 ; in 1830, 3,537. EASTWOODFORD, v. Union district, S,C. 116 m. NNW. from Columbia. EATON, t. Buckingham co, L. C. 84 m. SSE. from Three Rivers. EATON, t. Stafford co, N. H,, on Ossipee Lake, 50 m. NE. from Concord. Pop. in 1890, 1,071 ; in 1830, 1,432. EATON, t. Madison co. N. Y. on the head of Chenango r. 30 m. SW. from Utica, Pop. in 1820, 3,021 j in 1830, 3,558. EATON, t. and scat of justice, Preble co. Ohio. The village is seated near a quarter of a mile from Old Fort St. Clair, 34 m. W. from Dayton, and 50 N. from Cincinnati. Pop. 511. Lat. 39° 45' N. ; Ion. from W. 7° 38' W. EATON'S NECK, the N. extremity of Hun- tington, in Suffolk co. on Long Island, N, Y. where a light-house is erected. EATON'S NECK LIGHT-HOUSE, Hun- tington, Suffolk CO. N. Y. on Long Island. It is situated on a point of land N. from Hunting- t- EAT-KDW *im nil n roiir(-lioii«p, r'lcrc iH a bridKu fi', 570 lid lo»i|{. liit;licniialH unite Mil \V. Iliot CO. M(l. In on luivc itrt juiictidn . Iron) Aiii»i|>oliii, (• liirdtHl town nil 1(1 a plucc of coii- liiiR n linnk, nnid- nil, two i>riiilin(r. lie \vorHlii|i ; 1 I'nt iiiH, 1 (i)r i'riciuln. it l.WMI. It is M the uniitlu-rn part •oil! Kcniu'bLclt r. id. rt of entry, Wasli- lof (Vihscook rivor, I. TliiH town hai* )ing exceeds 7,()U0 in 1830, 2,4.50. noil river, risinij in rs l-altc Clliaini)lain plact! to the villagt: ork from Vermont, athcr a channel or nd nnd New York Island and the state is more generally entry, Va. Amount runs into Pcnsaco- VliddlcBCX CO. Mass. ..944. er CO. Pa. Pop. 587. no CO. Ohio, 6 m. E. , E. shore of Va. in ■om Richmond. Hartford co. Ct on r. 8 m. above Hart- in 1830, 3,537. Union district, S.C. ibia. Lm CO. L. C. 84 m. N. H., on Ossipee Concord. Pop. in 2. N. Y. on the head fromUticQ. Pop- ,558. jf justice, Preble co. ed near a quarter of ;lair, 34 m. W. from incinnati. Pop. 511. W. 7° 38' W. !^. extremity of Hun- Long Island, N. Y. cted. JHT-HOUSE, Hun- on Long Island. « id N. from Hunting- ton Bay, on Tionsf Island Sound,' 40 in. KNIO. from New York, and nearly opiKwitc Nor valk in (Connecticut. EA'I'ON'I'ON, t. and cap. Putnam co. (Jro. in a very healthy witiiation. It cnnlaiim a court-iiouNO, jail, academy, and a church, whieh is erected on the academy mpiare, nnd is ojM'n to Chrintiniis of every denomination. Tlio acaileiiiy consittaof'J liandsoiiie 2 story build, inpn, l."*!! yards u[)art, one tor iiiuIch nnd the other tor tt-malcH, and has a library and |ihilo- Mpliieiil apparatus. It is 22 m. NW. from Milledireville, and (550 from VV. KATONTOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 1 m. from the town of Shrewsbury. EHF.NEZER, ereek, < Jeo. runs SK. and fulls into Savannah river at l';i)en(!zcr. EBKNEZIOR, t. Etfinjrham co. Geo. on Sa- vannah river, 25 m. NNVV. from Savannah. It was settled in 17.'J5, by Protestants from Germany. EBENEZER ACADEMY, v. York co. S.Carolina. EBENKZER ISLAND, small island in the Savannah, near Purysburir. EBENSBURC, t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa. 53 m. W. from Huntingdon, 75 E. from Pitts, burg, 190 from W. Pop. 270. ECONOMY, a beautiful little villajrc in Beaver co. Pa. on the Ohio, a few miles Ix-low Pittsburg. It is inhabited solely by the seet of Harmonists under the celebrated Rni>]i. The village is regularly laid out with wide and rectangular streets. The houses are mostly of wood. The inhabitants are Germans, and are very industriously occupied in luanufac- tures and husbandry. They Jiave a woolkn and cotton manufactory with steam machinery on a large scale, also breweries, distilleries, tanyards, &c. The buildings for these are generally of brick. Here is also a handsome church, and a spacious building with a hall for concerts, a museum, a mineralogical collection, a mathematical school, a library, nnd a school for {irawing. Considerable attention is paid to the cultivation of gra[x>s, nnd close to the vil- lage is a hill covered with vineyards. All their property is held in common. 'I'iicy car- ry on an extensive trade with the neighboring country, and are in a very Uiriving condition. Pop. about 800. • EDDENBURG, v. Portage co. Ohio; 120 in. NE. from Columbus. EDDINGTON, t. Penobscot co. Me. on Pe- nobscot r. 5 m. E. from Bangor. Pop. 405. EDDY GROVE, t. Caldwell co. Ken. EDDYVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Cald- well CO. Ken. on the right bank of" Cumberland nvcr, 22 m. SE. by E. from Smithland on the Ohio, and 44 NVV. from CIniksville, in Ten. Lat. 37° 3' N. ; Ion. from \V. 10= 50' W. EDEN, v. Hancock co. Me. on the island of Mount Desert, 40 m. SSE. from Bangor, 163 NE. by E. from Portland. Pop. 957. EDEN, V. Erie co. N. Y. 268 m. VV. from Albany. Pop. 1,066. EDEN, t Orleans ca Vt.; 37 m. N. from iuontpelier. . KDKNIU'RG, V. Johnson c«o. In.; 97 m. froiM lii'•>*• 'l '* soiiK times called Old Town. Near Old Town llarlior tlier*.' is a handsome village, containing a court.lioMs<', a jail, and meeting-house, and 10(1 houses. It has considerable shipping. ElXJKCOMBI/, cajK) of King George's 1:^1. and, W. const of N. America. Lou. 58° 15' from W. I;it. 57^ 2' N. EDtJIX'OMBE, CO. central part of N. C. Pop. 14,933. (;iiief town, Tarborough. ED(j;i'X"OMBK, t. Lincoln co. Me. opposite VViseassct, on Sheepscot river. Pop. 1^258. ElMJEFIKLD, district of S. C. bounded by Savannah river NVV. Abbeville NE. Newberry N. nnd Lexington, Orange, and Barnwell SK. Tiength 46 in. mean width 40. Chief town, Edgefield. Pop. in 1820, 25,179; 1830, 30,511. EDGMONT, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 651. EDINBURCJH, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. : 26 111. N. from Ballston, 59 WNVV. from Albany, i'op. 1,571. lODlNBURGH, t. Dearborn co. In. hall a mile from the Ohio, and near Lawrcnccburg. EDINBURGH, t. Elbert co. Geo. on Savun- nah river. EDINBURGH, t. Portage co. Ohio, 6 m. SE. from Ravenna. Pop. 115. EDISTO, v. Orange co. S. C. ; 577 m. from VV. EDISTO, considerable river of S. Carolina, which rises in the district of Edgefield, and af>cr running in a SE. direction between Barnwell and Orangeburgh, enters Colleton and falls into the ocean by two separate out- lets in lat. 32° 25' N. EDISTO, island of Georgia, formed by the two outlets of Edisto river. It is separatid from Wadmelau island, by N. Edisto, and is fertile and well cultivated. MDMIJSTON, t. Otsego co. N. Y.; 20 m. W. from t^oopcrstown. Pop, in 1820, 1,841 ; Ls.'tO, 2,0S7. »':DWAU!)S, CO. II. on the Wabash. Pop. 1,64!>. Chief town, Albion. 1;DVVAR DSBURG,t. Greenville co. U. C. on St. Lawrence river, Gl m. NE. from Kingston. EDMIINDSVILLE, V.Surrey co. Va. EDWARDSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison CO. II. ; 15 m. NN E. from Cahokia, 75 N. from « 2fi0 EEL-EU '■l\ ^ Kaskafikia, 83G frum W. It is situated in a very fertile country, and contains a land office, a bank, and about 50 houses, cliicfly built of logs. EEL RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Wabash, Ion. 86° 27' W. lat. 40° 3i' N. EEL RIVER INDIANS, in NW. Terri- tory, on tlie head waters of the Wabash. EFFINGHAM, co. L. C. extends from the Ottawa river, opposite Isle Jesus, in a NE. direction between York and Leinstcr counties. It lies NW. from Montreal. EFFINGHAM, t. Strafford co. N. H. ; 43 rn. NE. from Concord. Fop. 1820, 1,3G8; in 1830, l,i»n. EFFINGHAM, co. Geo. between Savannah and Great Ogeechee rivers, and bounded S. by Ciiatiiam, W. by Great Ogeechee river, NW. by Scriven, and NE. and E. by Savannah river. Length 26 m. width 18. Chief town, Spring- field. Pop. 1820, 3,018 ; in 1830, 2,!)G!). EGGHARBOR, 6?reo<, inlet and river, N.J, The river forms the boundary between Ca|)c May and Gloucester counties, and runs into tlie inlet, in lat. 39° 22' N. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 200 tons. EGGHARBOR, Great, s-p. and port of en- try, Gloucester co. N. J. on the sea-coast, at the mouth of Eggharbor river, 60 m. from Phils.'elphia. Pop. 1,700. It has considera- ble shipping. EGGHARBOR, Lj"Ze, inlet, N. J. lies 17 m. N. from Great Eggharbor Inlet It re- ceives Mulicus creek, which is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 60 tons. EGGHARBOR, Little, s-p, and port of en- try, Burlington co. N. J. on the sea-coast, 60 m. from Philadelphia. The compact part of the town is called Clamtown. Pop. 1,200. EGG I- LAND, island on the E. side of Delaware Bay, in Cumberland co. N. J. EGG ISLAIiID, small island on E. coast of Virginia, at the mouth of York river. EGLISE, River de V, r. L. Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. 44 m. below the Island of Orleans. EGMONT BAY, on the RW. coast of the Island of St. John, in the Gulf of St. Law- rence. Lon. 64° W. lat. 46° 30' N. EGMONT ISLAND, in the Gulf of Mexi- co, on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82° 55' W. lat. 27° 54' N. E(iREMONT, t. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 15 m. SSW, from Lenox. Pop. 88D. EGYPT, Nm, v. Monmouth co. N. J. EIGHTEEN MILE CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 18 m. below Galli- polis. ELBA, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,679. ELBERT, CO. N. part of Georgia. For 12,354, of whom 5,853 were people of color. Chie^ towns, Elbcrton and Petersburg. ELBERTON, t. Elbert co. (Georgia, on S. side of the Savannah ; 23 m. N W. from Pe- tersburg, 655 from W. It is tlie scat of jus- tice for the county. ELBEHTON, t. Effingham co. Georgia, on NE. side of the Ogeechee; 48 m. NW. iVom Savannah, .55 SE. from Louisville. ELBRIDGE, v. Camillus, Onondaga co, N. York. ELDERTON, v. Armstrong co. Pa.; IDO m. W. from Harrisburg. ELDRIDGE, v. Buckingham co. Va.; 82 m. W. from Richmond. ELDRIDGE, t. Huron co.Ohio. ELEANOR'S COVE, a harbor on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 220° 51 ' E. lat. 59° 44' N. ELIM, or Parkersville, v. Edgefield dis- trict, S. C. ELIZABETH, t. Alleghany co. Pa. on E. side of the Monongahela, about 18 m. SSE. from Pittsburg. Pop. 3,050. ELIZABETH, t. Miami co. Ohio. ELIZABETH, v. Harrison co. In. ELIZABETH, t. Leeds co. U. Canada, op- poslte Morristown, St. Lawrence co. N. Y. EIJZABETH, t. and seat of justice, Essex CO. N. Y. on Bouquet river, 130 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 1820, 889; in 1830, 1,729. Lat. 41° 12' N. lon. 3° 26' E. from W. ELIZABETH, r. Va. is formed by the union of two branches, at Norfolk, and flows into IIam|)ton Roads, 8 m. below. It is from 150 to 200 fathoms wide, and at common floods has 18 feet water to Norfolk. Its entrance is defended by a fort ; see Craney Island, The canal, connecting the waters of Albemarle Sound with Chesapeake Bay, communicate with the S. branch of Elizabeth river, 9 m. above Norfolk. ELIZABETH, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop, 295. ELIZABETH, v. Callaway co. Miso. about 25 m. NE. from Osage, at the mouth of Osage river, and by the post route, 10 m. W. from St. Charles. ELIZABETH CAPE, the NE. point at the entrance of Cook's inlet. Lat. 59° 9' N.— There is anotiier cape of this na^o, on the . Main. Lat. 43° 22' N. ELIZABETH CITY, t. and seat of justice, Pasquotank co. N. C on the right bank of Pas- quotank r. 45 m. S. from Norfolk, and 35 NE. from Edenton. Lat. 36° 12' N. ELIZABETH CITY, co. Va. between York and James rivers, having York and Warwick counties on tlie W. Pop. 5,068. Chief town,' Hampton. ELIZABETH ISLANDS, on the S. coast of Mass. between Martha's Vineyard and the main land belonging to Duke's county. Lon. 70° 3i?'— 70° 56' W. ; lat 41° 24'— 41° 32' N. They ai.i about 16 in number, the prinniiwl of which are Nashawn, Pasqui, Nashaweiuui, Pinequcse, and C^uttyhunk. ELIZABETH RIVER, r. N.C. which runs into the Ncusc. I,on. 78° 18' W. ; lat. 33= 50' N. ELIZABEl"HTOWN, t. and bor. Esses co, N. J. 6 m. S. from Newark, 15 WSW. from New York. Lon. 74 ' 12' W. ; lat. 40° 3H' N. Pop. 3,1;")7. It is ])lciif--,nntly situated on a creek, emptying it'^df'into Statcn Island Sound, and contains an academy, bunk, and 3 houses ^n f f KLI— ELI. 2C\ n. NW. fVom c. ■ )non(Jldga co. o.Pa.;lDOm. 1 CO. Va.; 82 rbor on the 20° 51' E. !at. Edgefield dis- CO. Pa. on E. It 18 m. SSE. Ohio. ;o. In. U. Canada, op- e CO. N. Y. f justice, Essex 5(1 m. N. from n 1830, 1,729. rem W. ed by the union and flows into It is from 150 common floods Its entrance is y Island. The s of Albemarle ', communicate ctli river, 9 m, CO. Ohio. Pop. CO. Miso. about mouth of Osage 10 m. W. from f E. point at the 59° 9' N.- napie, on the . [1 seat of justice, ■lit bank of Pas- Ik, and 35 NE. . between York k and Warwick la Chief town,' on the S. coast neyard and the _ county. I -on. 24'_4P 32' N. the principal u, Nashawenua, C. which runs .;lat.33=5C'.N. dbor. Essex CO. 15 VVSW. from ; lat. 40° 38' N. situated on a ;n Island Sound, k, and 3 houses fiir p«bll(! worsIii[), 1 for ProsbyterianH, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Mothodists. Vessels of 20 or 30 tons come up to tlie town, and tho.se of 200 or ivOO tons come -■ far as Elizabeth- town Point, at the niouth of tiic creek, 2 m. distant. A steam-boat plies btstwecn the city of New York and the Point. ELIZABETIITOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 18 m. NW. from Lancaster, 80 W. by N.from Philadelphia. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Alleghany co. Pa. on tlic E. side of Monongaliela river, about 12 m. above i^ii jimction with tlie Ohio, and the same distance S. by E. from Pittsburg. ELIZAilETHTOWN, t. and. seat of justice, Bladen co. N. C. on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 40 m. u'' o Wilmington, and 55 below Fayettt41Ie. Lat. 34° 38' N. ; Ion. from W. P 40' W. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and scat of justice, Hardin co. Ken. on the head of Nolin creek, a branch of Green river, 45 m. nearly S. from Louisville. Lat. 37° 47' N.; .on. from W. 8° 35', ELIZABETHTOWN .. and seat of justice. Carter co. Ten. on the left bank of Watauga river, 130 m. above Knoxvillo. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Harrison co. In. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Hamilton co.Ohio, 11!) m. SW. from Columbus. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and cap. Tyrrcl co. N. C. on S. side of Albemarle Sound. It con- tains a court-house, a jail, and a few houses. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Ohio co. Va. on E. l)ank of the Ohio, 12 m. S. from Wheeling. ELIZAVILLE, v. Fleming co. Ken. ELK, r. Miso. which runs into the Missis- sippi, 4 m. above the Little Falls. It is 40 yurds wide at its mouth, and there is a short port.ige from its waters to the St. Anthony. ELK, r. of the E. shore of Maryland, is torincd by the union of Big and Liti'" Elk creeks, at Elldon, and flows into the L . sa- IKake 13 m. below. ELK, r. rises on the W. side of the Cum- berland mountains, in Ten. and flowing SW. into Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little above tJic Muiicle Slio;'.ls, 40 m. WNW. from Creeks crossing-place. ELK, r. of western Va. rises in Randolph CO. and flowing W. by comparative courses about 100 m. falls into the great Kcnhawa at Charleston. ELK CREEK, Pa, unites with Pcnn's creek, and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 ni. below Sunbury. . ELK CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Miami, in Madison, Butler co. ELKIIOLM, V. Montgomery co. Miso. 56 1" W. from St. CharlcE. ELKIIORN, r. Ken. runs into Kentucky r. 'i m. below Franktbrt, and is 50 yards wide at. Its mouth, ELiyiORN, t. Montgomery co. IVIiso. ELK LAlvE, between Lake of the WooiIh and Lake Superior. Lon. 93^ W.; laL 4a3 '"N. •11' ELKMARSH, v. Fauquirr co. Va. ELKIUDOE LANDINCi, t. Ann-Arundcl CO. Md. on tlie S. bank of the Patapsco, at tiit! Falls, 8 m. SW. from Baltimore; noted lor it.s tobacco called kite's foot. ELKRIJN, t. Columl)iana co. Ohio. ELKRUN CHUIJCII, v, Fauquier co. Va. ELKTON, t. and cap. Cecil co. Md. at tlic forks of Elk river, 13 ni. airave its mouth at Turkey Point, 12 m. SW. from ('liristiana bridge, 10 N. from Charlestown, 4G SW. from Philadelphia, 56 NE. from Baltimore. The tide flow8 up to the town, and there was for- merly a brisk trade between Philadelphia and Baltimore, through this place. The village is well built, and the public buildings are a court- house, jail, bank, and Methodist church. ELKTON, t. Giles co. 'Pen. ELKTON, t. Christian co. Ken. ELKTON, v. and seat of justice, Todd co. Ken. 190 m. NW. from Frankfort. ELLENSVILLE, v. in the southern part of Ulster CO. N. Y. ELLERY,v.Chatauqucco.N.Y. Pop. 2,001. ELLICOTT, t Chatauquc co. N. Y., SE. from Chatauquc. Pop. 2,101. ELLICOTTS, or Eleven-milc creek, N. Y. rni. Into the Tonnewanta, at its entrance into Isiagara river. ELLICOTTS CROSS ROADS, v. Cumber- land CO. Ken. ELLICOTTS MILLS, v. Baltimore co. Md. ELLICOTTVILLE, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. ELLINGTON, t. Chatauquc co. N. Y. Poj). 2,279. ELLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 13 m. NE. from Hartford. Pop. 1,455. There is a cele- brated boarding-school tor boys at this place. ELLIOTT, t. York co. Me. Pop. 1,815. ELLIOTT, missionary stiition of the Amer- ican board of Foreign Missions, on a branch of the Yazoo, 150 m. NE. from Wahnit-hills. At this place has been erected since 1818, a village containing about 20 houses, a Ijancas- terian school established, and other judicious measures adopted to civilize the neighboring savages. ELLIOT'S ISEAND, in the (iulf of Flor- ida, between Florida peninsula and tlie Cat Keys. Lat. Q5^ 33' N. ELT/IS, r. Coos co. N. II. runs into the Sa- co, in Barlk'tt. ELTjIS, r. Me. which runs into the Andros- coggin, in W. part of Ruinfnrd. ELLISBUR(;, t. Jeffirson co. N. Y. ELLISBURN, t. Jiffcrson co. N. Y. Pop. 5 292. ' ELLISBURY, t. .Teftcrson co. N. Y. at the iiioutli of Sandy Creek. IILLIS'S FERRY, v. Adams co. Mi.ss. ELLISVILLK, v. Cumberland co. Pa. ELLISVIIJ.E, V. Wairen en. N.C. ELLISVILLE, or Lower Blue Lick, v. in Nicholns CO. K(m. on a small branch of Lick- ing r. 50 m. N E. by E. from Frankfort. ELLSWORTH, t. (^nifion co. N. U. 11 in. i\.,'V. iVoiii I'lviiioiitli. Pop. 234. ELLSWORTH, t. Haricok co. Me. 24 m. NE. iVom Castillo. Poj). l,3!-i5. llLLSWCnrril, V. Sharon, Litchfield co.Ct. m 262 ELM-ERN P w.ih i I on Oblong creek, branch of Iloiisatonnuc river, 12 m. W. from Litchfield. ELMIRA CREEK, r, N. Y. wliich joins the Tioga, at Elniira. ELMORE, t. 0-lecns co. Vt. 16 m. N. from Montpelier. ELMSLEY, t. Leeds co. U. C. ELSANBOROUGH, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 600. ELVIRA, t. Ih on the waters of Cash river. ELY, t. Richelieu and Buckingliam coun- ties, L. C. east of Montreal. • ELYRIA, t E. part of Lorain co. Ohio. ELYRIA, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 200. ELYSIAN FIELDS, v. Amite co. Miss. ELYTON, V. Jefferson co. Ala. EMBARRASS, r. II. whicli runs into the Wabash, a little below Vincennes, EMBDEN, t. Somerset co. Maine, on Ken- nebeck river, 16 m. N. from Norridgewock. EMERY'S MILLS, v. York co. Me. 51 m. by postroad from Portland. EMERSONVILLE, t. Gibson co. Indiana, 756 m. from W. EMERY'S RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into the river Tennessee, 7 m. from ('linch r. EMMANUEL, co. Geo. on Ocrcccliec river, which separates it from Burke co. Pop. 2,681. County town, Swainsboroug-h. EMMAUS, t. Northampton co. Pa. EMMITTSBURCJ, v. Frederick co. Md. between Flat Run and Tom's Creek, the west- ern sources of Monocasy river, 1 m. S. Penn- sylvania line, 24 NE. Fredcricktown, 50 NW. Baltimore. Lat. 31)° 10' 30" N. ENFIELD, t. Grafton co. N. H. 10 m. SE. Dartmouth (Jolkgc, 42 NW. Concord. It con- tains a village of about 40 houses, which is on Mascony pond, and a village of Shakers. Pop. 1,492. ENFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the E. side of Bclchertovvn. ENFTEF.D, t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, oppof;ite Snffield, with which it is coiuiected by a bridge ; 16 ni. N. Hartford. Here is a settlement of Shakers. Pop. 2,129. ENFIFLD, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. . ENFIELD, t. Halifix co. N. C. ENGLISH NEIGHBORHOOD, V. Bergen CO. N. J. on a NE. branch of the Hackinsac, W. of Fort Lee. ENGLISH POINT, cape, in the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 61° 45' W. lat. 49° 40' N.— There is another eaj)e of this name, on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 5'S° 29' W. lal. 46° 49' N. ENGLISH TOWN, t. Alliens co. Ohio. ENGLISH TO^VN, v. I\Ionmouth co. N. J. 18 m. E. from Princeton. ENNISVILLE, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. 79 m. W. from Harrisburg-. ENO, river of N. C rises in Orange co. and witli Little river and I'lnt river, Ibrms the Ncusc, 17 ni, below IJills!i(,rough. _ ENOSBURG, V. FranlJin eo. Vt. on Mis- sisque river, 36 ni. NE. fi-om Burlington. Pop. 1,560. ENOREE, r. S. C. a NW. branch of Broad river. Its mouth is 5 m. below the mouth of Tiger river. EPHRATA, or Dunkard's Town, t. Lan- caster co. Pa. on Cocalico cieek, a branch of the Concstoga, 12 m. N. from Lancaster, 60 W. from Philadelphia. It is settled by a religious sect from Germany, called Dunkers. EPPING, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 m. W. from PortsmoutJi. Pop. 1,263. ERABLIERE, r. In. runs into the Wabash on the N. side, between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe creek. EQUINUNK CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware. Lat. 41° 52' N. ERIE, lake, N. America, through which tlic boundary line runs which separates the United States from Canada; about 280 m. in Icnstli from SW. to NE. and from 10 to 60 in bruadtli, Lon. 78° 35' to 83° 10' W. lat. 41° 20' to 4:^^ 50' N. This lake is of dangerous navigatiiin, on account of the great number of rocks which project for many miles together from the north- ern shore, witliout any shelter from storms. There arc several tolerably good harbors op the S. shore, the principal of which are Bufl'a- lo and Dunkirk, N. Y. Erie, Pa. Painesvillf, (Cleveland, (Granger, Sandusky, Croghnnsvill', besides Put-in and Maumce bays, OJiio. It discharges its waters atNE. end into the river Niagara. A battle was fbuglit Jierc, on tlic loth September, 1613, between the American fleet under commodore Perry, and the Enghsh ileet, in which the hitter was taken. EIJIE, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Niagara CO. E. l)y Genesee co. S. by Cataraugus ahd Chatauque cos. W. hy Lake Erie and Niagara river. Pop. in 1820, 15,668 ; in 1830, 3r),;ili. Chief town, Buffalo. ERIE, CO. tlie NW. corner of Pa. boundii] N. by Lake Erie, E. by N. York, 8. by Craa- ford CO. and W. by Ohio. Chief town, L'ric Pop. in ]f2(), 8,553; in 1830, 16,906. Erie, or Vresqnc Isle, t. and cap. Ericco. Pa. pleasantly situated on the S. side of Lake Eric, on tlic niar^-in of a bay formed by Prcs(|iif isle ; 80 m. SSVv . from Buffalo, 136 N. from Fit,tsl)urg, 100 E, from Cleveland. It contain? a eourt-Jiouse, jni], and pruiting-ofSce. It hw an excellent l);irbor fbr small vessels, but tho entrance is narrow and difficidt. Tlie trade of the town is eonsi?'.erubIe. 'i.' portage hi- tween this place nrni French crL-k, ore of tic branches of Alleghany river, is only 16 niili s, and a turnpihe has been completed throush this distance. Pop. in 1820, 63.5; in 1^^0, l,.'!:.':'. i:i{IE, Fort, a fort, with a small village, in Bertie, Lincoln co. U. C. at the outlet -if Lake line, ojiposite Black Rock, N. Y. 18 in. alwve tho fhlls of Niagara. ERIE, district, Michigan. Pop. 1.310. ERIMVILLE, v. Madiso., eo. N. Y. EUIN, t. In. on the Ohio, opposite Port ■Wil- liam, lit the mouth of Kditucky river, 10 in. below V'evay, and 12 above ?*ludison. ft isnii clev;ite- pahannock. ESSEX, CO. U. Canada, comprises the cotm- try between Lake St. Clair and Lake Eiit;; bounded W. l)y Detroit river, and E. by Suf- folk eo. (!liief town, Amlierstburg. ESTIT,!,, CO. Ken. ; bounded N. by Mont- gomery, NE. by Pike, E. by Perry, S. by Clay, W. by Madison, and NW. by Clarke. Length 40 m. mean width about 17. ('hief town, Ir- wine. Pop. 1820, 3,507 ; in 1830, 4,618. ESTII/LVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Scott eo. Va. ; 33 m. a little S. of W. from Ab- ingdon, 116 NE. by E. from Knoxville, Ten. 370. SW. by W. from Rieiimond. ESTHER ISLAXi),isl. in Prince William's Sound, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 60° 50' N. ESTHERTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on E. sideofSuscpuliannah; 7m.N. froniHarrisburg. ESTOPAC:riY RIVER, v. Washington co, Alabama. E.STRELTiA, r. Guatimala, which enters the Pacific in lat. '.P 5' N. ETNA, t. Penobscot co. Mc, Pop. 1820, 194; in 18.30, .362. ETNA, V. Tompkins co. N. Y. ETOWAH, river of Georgia, rises in the Apalachian mountains, interlocking with tlic sources of the f Miatahoochee, and flowing SW. joins in Alabama the Ooste.ialah, and forms the Coosa. EUBANKS, v. Cumberland co. Geo.; 88 m. NE. from Millcdgeville. EUCLID, t. ('uyahoga co. Ohio, on Lake Eri(^ ; 8 m. NE. from Cleveland. Pop. 1,000. EVERETTSIIOUSE, v. Lewis co. Ken. EUKILLOCiEE, a central district in the Cherokee country. In 1821 the United Breth- ren established a mission here. It is 30 ni. from S|)ring Pl.ice. EUSTIS, lake, Missouri Territorv, the SW. liead of Yellow-stone river. It it; near tlie head of the Wallaumut, which runs into Co- llunibia river. EUTAW SPRINGS, a small river of S. C. which runs into the Santee. Near its source a battle was fought .in 1781, which, in effect, terminated the war in this state. EVANS, t. Erie co. N. Y. EVANSHAM, t. and cap. Wythe co. Vn. on the E. side of the Reedy creek, a branch of tiie Kenhawa ; 40 m. E. from Christiansburg, 240 WSW. from Richmond. EVANSVILLE, v. and scat of justice. Van derburg co. In. on the bank of the Ohio river I 1 1 /■,"% ' li'r iii., 261 EVA— FAI f'V. ., 1 If 'f ' [j ' t \ ' w. ■I 51 m. S. from Vincenncs, and 24 SE. from New Harmony. Lat. Se^" 1' N. EVANSVILLE, t. Monroe co. Ala. EVENSBTJRG, v. Crawford co. Pa. EVERITTSVILLE, v. Albemarle co. Va. EVESHAM, t. Burlington co. N. J. in the fork3 of Moore's creek; 16 m. E. from Phila- delphia, 25 S. from Burlington. Pop. 4,000. EUSTATIA, St. one of the smallest of the Leeward Islands in the West Indies. It is a mountain in the form of a sugar-loaf, whose top is hollow, and lies on the NW. of St. Chris topher, and belongs to the kingdom of tlie Netherlands. Lon. 63° 10' W. lat. 17'^ 29' N. EVIT'S CREEK, r. Maryland, which runs into the Potomac, lon. 18° 44' W. lat. 31)° es'N. EWINGSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken.; 749 m. from W. EWINGSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. EXETER, r. N. H. which rises from a small pond in Sandown, and pursues gcnerrJly an easterly course till it meets the tide at Ex ctcr ; it afterwards pursues a NE. course, and communicates with the Piscataqua tlu-ough Great Bay. The Indian name, from Exeter to the entrance into the Piscataqua, is Swamscot, EXETER, t. Rockingliam co. N. II. ; 14 m. SW. l)y W. from Portsmouth, 15 NNW. from Newburyport, 18 NNE. from Haverhill, 43 i^E. by E. from Concord, 47 N. by E. from Boston, 489 from W. Pop. 2,75<). It is a Iiand- Komc village. Small scu-vessels ascend to it, it being at tlie head of lidc-watcr on Exeter river. It contains a number of public buildings and three cimrchcs, and is the scat of very consid- erable manufactures. Phillips' Exeter Acade- my in tills place is one of the most ancient, opulent, and useful institutions in the Unitecl States, having many of the advantages and en- dowments of a college. It has been almost exclusively devoted to the preparation of schol- ars for college. Tiie wiiole number that have been educated is 2,025. Number of ii'strue- tors 4, including a writing and singing mas. tcr. N.nnbcr of volumes in the library, G80 The building is an elegant edilicc, 76 feet by 30, with wings 34 by 28. EXETER, t. Penobscot co. Maine ; 62 m. NVV. from Castine, 264 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,438. EXETER, t. Washington co. R. I.; 25 m. SW. from Providence. Pop. 2,383. EXiyrEH, t. Otsego CO. N. Y. ; 10 m. NW. from C()0])erstown. Pop. 1,G90. There is a flourishing village on tiie lake in tliis township, whicli has considerable trade. The celel)rated Split Rock is in this township, 5 m. S. of tiie V'Uage. It appears to have been separated by some great convulsion, aucl is esteemed a great curiosity, EXETER, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- queiiannah river, 10 m. above Wilkesbarro. Pop. 900. EXETER, v. New Hanover co. N.C.on the E. fork of Cape Fear river, 36 m. above Wil- mincton. EXETER, v. of FLirrison co. In. F. FABIUS, t. Onondago co. N. Y. It is git. uated on tlie head springs of Chenango river, 148 m. W. of Albany. Pop. 1820, 2,494; in 1830, 3,071. FABOMIT LAKE, Canada. Lon. 88° 15' W. lat. 52=^ 18' N. FACTORIES, V. Hampden co, Mass. FACTORYVILLE, V.Tioga co. N. Y. about 164 m. SSW. from Albany. FAIRBLUFF, v. Columbus co. N. C. FAIR BANKS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. FAIRFAX, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lamoil river; 18 m. NNE. from Burlington. Pop. 1 729. ' FAIRFAX, CO. Va. ; bounded N. and E, by the Potomac, S. by Prince William co. and \V. by Loudon co. Pop. 9,206, of whom 3,972 arc slaves. Cliief town, Centreville. The court- Iiouse, where a post-office is kept, is 15 m. from W. FAIRFAX, t. and cap. Culpeper co. Va.; 40 m. WNW. fro.m Fredericksburg, 76 from W. FAIRFIELD, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kennebec, opposite Clinton ; 9 m. S. from Nor- ridgcvvock, 25 m. N. from Augusta. Pop. 2,002. FAIRFIELD, t. Franklin co. Vt. ; 26 m, NNE. from Burlington. Pop. 2,270. FAIRFIELD, co. Ct. ; boimded N. by Litch- field CO. SE. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York. Pop. 46,950. Cliief towns. Fair- field and Danbury. FAIRFIELD, t, and port of entry, Fairfield CO, Ct. on liong Island Sound ; 21 m. WSW, from New Haven, 54 NE. from New York. I.,at. 4P 8' N. Pop. 4,246. It contains a court- house, an academy, and several houses of pub- lic worship. There are 4 villages within the town, Fairfield, Greenfield Hill, Green's Fanns or Saugatuck, and Mill river. There are .3 harbors. Black Rock, Mill River, and SiUL'a- tuck. With the exception of New London, Blnek Rock is the best harbor in the Sound. FAIRFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N. Y.; 10 m. N. from Herkimer, 75 from Albany. Pop. 2,265. In this town there is an academy, anil a medical seliool connected with it. FAIRFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J. FAIRFIELD, t. Cumberland co. N.J. on Cohanzy creek ; 25 m. E. from Salem. Pop. 1,900. FAIRFIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 725. FAIRFIELD, Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 3,111. FAIRFIELD, or Miller\ t Adams co. Pa. ; 8 m. W. from Gettysburg. FAIRFIELD, v. Rockbridge co. Va. FAIRFIELD, district, S. C. between Wa; teree and Broad rivers. Pop. 21,546. Chict town, Monticello. FAIRFIELD, v. Columbia co. Geo. FAIRFIELD, or Roberta', v. Putnam co. Geo. FAIRFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken. ; 10 in. from Buirdstown. :^v FAI— FAR Sd5 I. Y. It is sit- Chenango river, 1820, 2,494; in a. Lon. 88°15' I CO. Mass. uccN.Y. about 8 CO. N. C. [uc CO. N. Y. 3. Vt on Lamoil Lulington. Pop. ded N. and E. liy illiam co. and W. fwhom 3,972 arc ille. The court- ,8 kept, is 15 m. ^Julpeper co. Va.; shurg,76from\V. t CO. Maine, on the 9 m. S. from Nor- 1 Augusta. Pop. in CO. Vt. ; 26 in. Dp. 2,270. imded N. by Litch- Sound, and W. by Cliief towns. Fair- .of entry, Fairfield ind; 21 m. WSW. from New York, [t contains a court- cral houses of pub- villages witliin till- lill. Green's FarniH vcT, There arc .■? River, and Suiira- of New Loudon, )or in the Sound, ler CO. N. Y.; 10 •cm Albany. Pop. IS an academy, and with it. ;o. N. J. ;rland co. N. J. on Tom Salem. Pop. brd CO. Pa. Pop. jlandco. Pa. Pop. 5, t Adams co. Pa. I idtre CO. Va. „ C. between W.r ip. 21,546. Chief jin CO. Geo. ts\ V. Putnam co. 1 CO. Ken.; 10 "■ FAIRFIELD, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop. 24,788. Chie*" town, Lancaster. FAIRFIELD, v. Franklin co. In. on the E. fork of Whitewater river; 7 m. N. from Brook- ville, 77 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. FAIRFIELD, v. Wayne co. II. ; 63 m. SE. from Vandalia. FAIRFIELD, t. Columbiana co. Oliio. FAIRFIELD, t. Highland co. Ohio, N. of Hillsborough. Pop. 2,500. FAIRFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. FAIRFIELD, t. Greene co. Ohio, II m. NW. from Xenia. FAIRFIELD, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 2,900. In this township is Hamilton, the seat of justice for the county. FAIRFIELD, t Licking co. Ohio ; 4 m. N, from Newark. FAIRFIELD, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. FAIRHAVEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Pult- ney river ; 9 m. NNE. from Whitehall, 43 W from Windsor. Pop. 675. FAIRHAVEN, t Bristol co. Mass. on the Accushnet river, opposite New Bedford. Pop. 3,034. FAIRHAVEN, v. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, opposite the mouth of the Kenhawa ; 4 m. above GallipoliH. FAIRLEE, t. Orarge co. Vt. on Connecti- cut river ; 35 m. abovi; Windsor. Pop. 656. FAIRLEE, West, t. Orange co. Vt. W. of Fairlee. FAIRPORT, t. Geavgv. co. Ohio, at the mouth of Grand riier, on Lake Erie; 15 m. N. from Chardon. FAIR RIVER, Canada, ru-is from Wapes- Baf^a to Lake St. John. FAIRTOWN, t. Cumberland co. N. J. FAIRVALE, V. in Granville, W^ashington CO. N. Y. FAIRVIEW, V. Erie co. Pa. FAIRVIEW, V. Brooke co. V.i. FAIRVIEW, t. Guernsey co. Ohio ; 2;:i m. E. from Cambridge. FAIRWEATHER, Capp, on the I'iW. coast o!' America. Lon. 222° 20' E. lat. 58° SOJ'N. FAIRWEATHER, Mount, high mountain on tiie NW. coast of America, about 12 m. NE. from Cape Fairweather. FALES' CREEK ^lno,runs into the Ohio, 11 m. above Porti:;,.i';;.i. FALL, r. R. L-iaiid, which runs from Wa- tuper Pond into Taumon -iver. FALL, r. which rises in Vermont, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Creenfield, Mass. FATiL RIVER, v. in the town of Troy, Bristol CO. Mass. It is situated on Taunton river, which is navigable for small vessels to tl" town, and is one of the largest manufac- taring villages in tlie United States. The manafactures of cotton rr,n .' "SI spindles. There are also manufacture t. of satinet, bleacii- ing and printing works, an' n>anufnctures of iron. The town contains 7 cnurches and a bank. Pop. of the village 3,431. It about 50 m. S. of Boston. FALLS CREEK, v. on Falls creek, Tomp liins CO. N. York. IS FALLING SPRINGS, creek, BaUi co. Va. It is a branch of Jackson river, and is about 25 m. SW. from the Warm Springs, and has a fall of 200 feet perpendicular height. FALLING WATERS, v. Berkeley co. Va. FALLOWFIELD, t. Washington co. Pa. on the left bank of Monongahela river, on the waters of Pigeon creek. FALLOWFIELD, t. Crawford co. Pa. on the sources of Big Beaver river ; 10 m. SW. from Meadville. FALLS, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, imme- diately W. from Zanesville. FALLS, t. Hocking co. Ohio. FALLSINGTON, v. Bucks co. Pa. ; 5 m. SW. from Trenton. FALLSTOWN, v. N. C. Iredell co. FALM;0UTH, s-p. and t. Barnstable co. Mass. at the SW. end of the peninsula of Barnstable ; 18 m. S. by W. of Sandwich, and 41 S. of Plymouth. Pop. 2,548. FALMOUTH, t. Cmnberland co. Me. ; 5 m. NW. of Portland. Pop. 1,966. FALMOUTH, v. Strafford co. Va. on the river Rappahannock, opposite to Fredericks- burg ; 70 m. N. of Richmond, and 60 S. by W. from W. FALMOUTH, v. and seat of justice, Pen- dleton CO. Ken. ; 30 m. S. from Cmcinnati. FALMOUTH, t Lancaster co. Pa. ; 20 m. S. from Lancaster. FALMOUTH, s-p. Antigua ; 7 m. SE. from St. Johns. Lon. 6F 28' W. lat. 17° 9' N. FALMOUTH, s-p. Jamaica. Lon. 77° 33' W. lat. 18° 31' N. FALMOUTH, t. in Hants, Nova Scotia, on the SE. side of the basin of Mines ; 28 m. NW. from Halifax, FANNETSBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. FANSHAW, Cape, NW. coast of America, on the N. side of Frederick's Sound. Lon. 226° 44' E. lat. 57° 11' N. FARQUIER. See Fauquier. FAREWELL, Cape, S. point of West Greenland, on the north side of the entrance of Davisi's Straits. Lon. 42° 42' W. lat. 59° 37' N. FARLEY MILLS, v. King and Queen CO. Va.; 148 m. from W. FARLEYSVILLE, v. Charlotte co. Va.; 233 from W. FARMER, V. Seneca co. N. Y. FAliME:..'S, V. Genesee co. N. Y. 264 m. W. from Albany. FARMERSVILLE, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. 7C m. SW. from Rochester, and 50 SE. from Buffalo. Pop. 1.005. FARMINGTON, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 29 ni. NNW. from Augusta, 200 NNK fro-.i Boston, 649 from W. Pop. 2,340. It is a valuable agricultural town, and contians an academy. FARMINGTON, t. Straffot ' co. N. H. 26 ni. NW. from Portsmouth, top. 1,464. FARMINGTON, t. Hartford co.Ct. on Far- mington river, 10 m. W. from Hartford, 30 N. from New Haven. Pop. 1,901. FARMINGTON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 9 m. NE. from Canondoigua. Pop. 1,773. Clifton f-rfj \ 266 FARr-FER MiJ n;f ih V i\i K !" epriiigB are iii thit> town. They are strongly impregnated with sulphur. FARMINGTON, t. Trumbull co. < fiio, 12 m. NW. from VVurren. I'ARMINGTON, t. Brimont co. Ohio. F 4RMINGTON FALLS, v. on Sandy river, 5 m. above tiie village of Farmington, and in the NW. angle of Kennebcck co. Me. 97 ni. nearly due N. from Portland. FARMINGTON RIVER, rises in MasHa- chusctts, and runs SE. to Farmington in Con- necticut, where it is joined by Salmon river ; it has a cataract of 150 feet, aflcr which it is called Windsor river, and joins the Coimccti- cut, 4 ni. above Hartlbrd. FARMVILLE, v. Prince Edward co. Va. on the Appomatox, 72 m. SW. from Richmond. FARNHAM, t. Bedford and Richelieu cos. L. Canada, SE. from Montreal. FARNHAM, v. Richmond co. Va. FARROWVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 64 m. SW. from W. and 145 NNW. from Rich- mond. FATE, t Clermont co. Ohio. FAUCHE, r. II. runs into the Illinois river from the east. FAUGHMAN, t. Wayne co. Ohio. FAUQUIER, CO. NE. part of Va. bounded N. by Loudon co. NE. by Prince William co. ESE. by Stafford co. SW. by C .Ipeper co. and NW. by Frederick co. Pop, J6,373. Chief town, VVarrenton. FAUSSEMBAULT, Seigniory, Hampshire CO. L. C. 10 in. W. from Quebec. FAUSSE RIVIERE, a lake inLouisiann, in Point Coupee, once a bend of the Mississippi river. The banks' of the lake are high, dry, and arable. FAVORABLE LAKE, N. America. Lon. 93°10' W.; lat. ';2= i8' N. FAWCETT*^jTOWN, t. Columbiana co. O, on Ohio r. 15 m. SE. from New Lisbon. FA V/N, t. York co. Pa. on Muddy creek, an*' joining the divisional line tliat separatea fliis Btate from Maryland. FAWN GROVE, t. York co. Pa. 25 m. S. from York. FAYETTE, t. Kennebeck co. Me. Pop. in 1820,824; in 1830, 1,049. FAYETTI", I. Sen.oa co. N. Y. between Seneca and Ci.yuifa L,iV?5, 8 m. SE. from Ge- neva. Pop. in ]X20, 3,698; in 18:<0, 3.216. FAYETTE, co. Ken. on the som'.;cR of Elk- horn river, bonn.ied by Jefesamine SE. Wood- ford W. Scott NW. Bourbon NE. Clark E. and Madison or Kentucky river S. Pop. 25,174. Chief town, Lcxingfon. FAYETTE, co. Geo. bounded N. by Henry, E. by Oakmulgee river, S. by Monroe, and W. by Flint river. Pop. 5,501. Faycttevillc is the chief town. FAYETTE, co. Ohio, bounded S. by High- land, SW. by Clinton, NW. by Greene, N. by Madison, E. by Pickaway, and SE. by Ross, /op. in 1820,6,316; in 1830, 8,180. Chief town, Washington. FAYETTE, CO. in SW. part of Pa. Pop 29,237. 'Chief towns, Union and Brownsville. FAYETTE, t. GuUia co. Ohio. FAYETTE, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. FAYETTE, co. Indiana. Pop. 9,112. Con nersvillo is the chief town. FAYETTEVILLE, t. and cap. Cumber- land CO. N. C. 60 m. S, from Raleigh, 95 NNW. from Wilmington, 159 NE. from (.Columbia, 347 from W. Lon. 79= 5H' W.; lat. 35° 3' N. It is situated near CajJC Fear river, at the iicad of boat navigation. FAYETTEVlLIiE, v. Onondago co. N. Y, by postroad 139 m. froMi Albany. FAYETTKVILLE, v. and seat of juBtice, Lincoln co. Ten. on the right bank of Elk r. 50 m. SW. from Murfreesborougli. Lat. .35° 10' N. ; lon. from W. 9° 37' W. FAYE1TEVILLE, v. Fayette co. Geo. about 50 n). WSVV. from Millcdgcville. FAYSTOWN, t. Washington co. Vt. 17 m. SW. from Montpelier. Poj). 458. FEAR, Cape, a cape of N. Carolina, where there iaa dangerous shoal, called, from 'Is torni, the i'rving Pan. lying at the cntranrj of Cape Foar nver. This river is forn.cd by two branches, called the NW. and Nil branches, which unite above Wilmington; :ind it enters the Atlantic below Brunswick. Lon. 77° 45' W.; lat. 33° 40' N. FE;ARING, t. Washington co. Ohio. FEiVRY, V. Montgomery co. Ten. FEDERAIi POINT, point, N. C. upar the New Inlet. Here is a beacon ; 80 m. W. by S. from Cape Lookout, 30 NW. by N. fi-om Frying Pan Shoals. FEDERALSBUR(;, v. in Dorchester and Caroline cos. Md. on Marsliy Hope creek, 20 m. NE. from Cambridge. FEDERAL STORE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 95 m. SSE. from Albany. FEEDING HILLS, v. in West Springfield, Hampden co. Mass. 5 m. W. from Springfield. FEESTOWN, t. Clermont co. Ohio. FEL1C1AN\, CO. La. bounded by the Mississi|.pi, S. by East Baton Rouge, i\. by the stale of Mississippi, E. by Florida. The set- tlers ore olmost entirely Americans. Chief town, St, Francisville. FELICIANA, t. Feliciana co. Louisiana, E. of Baton Rouge. FEMME OSAGE, v. St. Charles co. Miso. FENNER, v. Madison co. N. Y. 115 m. from Albatiy. Pop. 2,017. FERDINAND, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. FERDINAND, St. Louis co. Miso. FERGUSON, t. CJcntre co. Pa. FERGUSON'S FERRY, v. Johnson co. 11 FERNANDINA, s-p. Amelia Island. It is the only town on the island. FERRIER POINT, cape of Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. Lon. from W. 41° ; lat 33^ 42' N. FERRISBURG, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Chu.mplain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m. S. froi.-? Burlington. Pop. 1,822. FERROL, Cope, a cape on the NW. coast of Newfomidland. Lon, 5V M' W. ; lat. 51" 1' N. FER—FU 267 ihess CO. N. Y. CO. Louisiana, Vt. 60 m. NE. FERRY-HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. FIDALGO, Port, inlet, NVV. coast of Anier- ICO, in Prince William Sound. Lat. GO^ 55' N. FIELD'S MILLS, v. Brunswick co. Vu. 186 in. from W. FltTEEN MILE CREEK, r. wluch rides in Pennsylvania, and runs into tlie Potomac, in Maryland. FIGHTING ISLAND, small isl.of Michi- gan territory, in Detroit river, a little above Gross Isle. FINCASTLE, t. and cap. Botetourt co. Va. on Catawba creek, which flows into James river, a few miles below the town ; 55 m. W. by N. from Lynchburg, 175 W. from Rich mond, 241 from VV. Pop. about 800. It con- tains a court-hodse and jail. FINCHTOWN, t. St. Ormont co. U. C. FINDLEYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N.C. FINIIOLLOWAY, r. Geo. which runs into the Alatanialia, in Wa)'ne co. FINNEYSVILLE, v. Rutland co. Vt. 97 m. SSW. from Montpclier. FIRELANDS, a tract of country in Ohio, which includes the five westernmost ranges of townshi|)s in the Cunnecticiit liesrrve. FIREPLACE, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. 298 m. from VV. FISH CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs S. and joins Wood creek in Bengal. I,engtli 4.3 in. FISH CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio. FISH CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Chesapeake. FI8HKILL, r. N. Y. which joins Wood creek 2 miles from its entrance into Oneida Lake. Another creek of this name is the out- let of Saratoga Lake into Hudson river. Its mouth is opposite tlic mouth of Battenkill. On the banks of this creek the British army under (Jen. Burgoyne surrendered to Gen. Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777. FISHKILL, small but important creek of N. Y. in Dutchess co. falls into tiie Hudson opposite Newburgh. FISHKILL, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hud- .son river, 10 in. below Poughkeepsie, G5 N. from New York. Pop. 8,292. The village of Fishkill is about 5 in. E, of the river, on Fish- kill creek. The other settlements in the town are Hopewell, New Hackinsac, Middlebush, and Wappinger's Creek. The number of churches is 6. Here are numerous mills and manufactories, iuid 2 landings, at which con- siderable trade is carried on. FISHKILL, moun.:iins,are the continuation of the Highlands above Wcst])oint, and carving to tlie NE. and N. stretches between Dutchess and Putnam counties, and thence through the former towards the SVV. angle of Mass. FISHKILL LANDING, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. directly ojinosite Mcwburgh, 5 m. S. from the village of Fishiull, and (iO m. i love the city of N^w York. FISH LAKE, V. Dclawart co. N. Y. 89 m. SW, from Albany. FISH RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs into K. side of Mobile Bay. FISHER'S INLAND, iul. in Lung Island Sound. It forms a part of tlie town of Southold, N. Y. 8 miles long, and 2 broad ; 5 m. SW. from Stonington, Ct. FISHER'S STORE, v. Clark co. Alaba- ma. FISHERSFIELD, t. Mer mack co. New Hampshire, 27 m. WNW. from Concord. Pop. 798. FISHING BAY, bay, Md. on E. side of the Chesapeake, at the mouth of the Nanticoke. FISHING CREEK, Howard co. Miso. FISHING CREEK, t. Columbia co. Pa. It is watered by a creek of the same name. FISHING CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio. FISHING CREEK, v. Wilkes co. N.C. ^ FISHINGFORD CROSS-ROADS, v. Bed- ford CO. Ten. FITCHBURG, t. Worcester co. Mass. on Nashua river, 25 m. N. from Worcester. Pop. 2,180. FITCHVILLE, t. Huron co. Ohio. FITZHERBERT'S ISLAND, in the Flor- ida stream. Lon. 81° SC W. lat. 24° 40' N. FITZWILLIAM, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 13 m. SE. from Keene. Pop. 1,229. FITZHU(iH'S SOUND, narrow channel of the Pacific ocean, between Culvert's island and the W. coast of America. FLATBUSH, t. and cap. Kings co. Long Island, on New York bay, 5 m. S. by E. fronj New York city. Pop. 1,143. The public build- ings are a court-house, academy called Eras- mus Hall, and a church. A battle was fought near this town, 27th August, 1776, in which the Americans were defeated by the British with great loss. FLAT CREEK, r. S. C. which runs into the Great Pedec, 6^ m. from Greenville. FLATLANDS, t. Kings co. N. Y. on New York bay, 2 m. S. from Flatbush. Pop. 596. FLAGG-SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. FL AGGTOWN, v. Somerset co. N. J. 29 m. N. from Trenton. FLAMBOROUGH, t. York co. U. C. on Burlington bay, at the W. extremity of Lake Ontario. FLANDERS, v. Morris co. N. J. near the head of Raritan river, 15 m. a little N of W. from Morristown, and 59 N. from Trenton. FLATTERY, Cape, on the W. coast of N. America, so named by captain Cook, who discovered it in 1788, because he was disap pointed in not finding a harbor. Lon. 124° 57' W. lat. 48° 25' N. FLEMIN(J, CO. in the E. part of Ken. Pop. 13,493. FLEMINGS, v. Wayne co. Indiana. FLEMINGSBURG, t. and cap. Fleming co Ken. FLEMINGTON, t. Hunteidon co. N.J. 23 m. NNW. from Trenton, 9 S. from Pittstown, 53 NE. from Philadelphia. FLETCHER, t. Franklin co. Vt. 22 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 793. FLINN, I. Jackson co. Indiana. FLINN'S FORK, v. CJdwell co. Ken. 796 m. from W. \li is 7 1' i .'I'll H"' it'"' Wt m w 2G8 p^IJ_FOR It'* l^i^^' .1 ' ! i- ^% FLINT, r. Ontario co. N.Y. which runs into Canandai'T a r. ut tiie village of Vienna in Piiclps. FLINT, r. Geo. which riBcs in N. lat. 33° 40' nnd running SW, by S, 200 miles, joins the Chatahoochcc to form tlio Apalachicoia. FLINT ISLAND, island hi the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the coast of Cape Breton Island. Lon. .'■)i)o 40' VV. lat. 46° 10' N. FLINT-SIXJNE, v. Alleghany co. Md. 150 m. NW. by W. from W. FLORENCE, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. NW. from Rome. Pop. 964. FLORENCE, t. and cap. Lauderdale co. Al. on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot of the Muscle Shoals, on the road from Nash- .ville to New Orleans. It was laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river, and is well supplied with water. It lies op- posite a fine island in the river, between whieli and the town is the usual channel for boats, and is one mile above the mouth of Cypress creek, which also affords a good harbor; 60 m. N. by E. from Cotton-gin-port. FLORENCE, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. ."iOO. FLORIDA, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. NNE. from Lenox. Pop. 4.54. FLORIDA, v. in Warwick, N. Y. 4i m. from the village of Warwick. It has about 70 houses, a church, and an academy. FLORIDA, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 11 m. S. from Johnstown, 35 NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,838. It contains 5 -churcliGs FLORIDA, v. Orange co. N. Y. FLORIDA, t. Highland co. Ohio. FLORIDA, Cape, the most easterly point of Florida. Lon. 80° 37' W. ; lat. 25° 44' N. FLORIDA, Gulf of, tlie channel between the peninsula of Florida and the Bahama islands, N. of the island of Cuba, and through which the gulf stream passes. FLORIDA KEYS, or Martyr's Island, a number of rocks and sand banlis at the S. ex- tremity of E. Florida. The great sand bank extends from the peninsula of Florida inward to the Gulf of Mexico, in the form of a hook. FLORIDA TERRITORY, see page 150. I'LORISSANT, v. Miso. on N. side of the Missouri, 12 m. above Belle Fontaine, 15 from St. Ijouis. It is a Frencli settlement. FLOUGHER'l'Y'S CREEK, Va. flows into the Youghiogeny r. a little below the Great Crossings. It passes witliin a mile of Wills' creek, a water of tiie Potomac. FLOWERTOWN, or White Marsh, I. Mont- gomery co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,328. FLOYD, CO. Ken. Pop. 4,266. Chief town, Prestonville. It is in the E. part of the state. FLOYD, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 6 n». E. from Rome, 10 N. from U'ica. Poji. 1,699. Iron ore is found here. FLOYD, CO. In. opiwsitc I,ouisville, Ken. bounded by the Ohio river SE. Harrison S. and SW. Washington NW. Scott N. and Clarke NE. ; about 20 m. squitrc. Pop. 6,363. Chief towns, New Albany and .TeffersonviUe. FLOYDSnURfi, on Floyd's Fork, Jefferson CO. Ken. 36 m. W. from Frankfort, and 20 NE. from Louisville. FLOYD'S FORK, r. Ken. which run» into the river Salt. FLUSHING, t. Queen's co. N. Y. situated about 5 m. E. from New York. Pop. 2,820. FLUSHING, t, Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. W. from St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,197. FLUVANNA, co. central part of Va. bound- ed N. by Louisa eo. E. by Goochland co. S. by James river, and W. by Albemarle eo. Pop. 84J21, of whom 3,791 are slaves. Chief town, Columbia. FOGLESVILLE, v. Lehigh co. Pa. FOIN, I'oint Au, in St. Lawrence river, the first above river a la Viclle Galette, in Edwords- burg, Uj>pcr Canada. FOND DU LAC, a large bay at the W.end of Lake Superior, which receives the river ^t. Louis. The American Fur Company iiave an establishment on the river, 21 m. above its mouth. FORBES' PURCHASE, a tract of land in Florida, including nearly the whole of the country between the Apalachicoia and the Oke- lochonne rivers, and extending S. to the Gulf of Mexico. It comprehends some of the best jands in Florida. FORDS, V. Amity co. Mississippi. FORD'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlon- tic, near the coast of South Carolina. Lon. 79° 5' W. ; lat. 33° 14' N. FORDSVILLE, v. on Pearl river, in Marion CO. Mississippi, 160 ni. SE. by E. from Natchez, and 80 NNE. from New Orleans. FORELAND, South, remarkable point of U. C, projecting into Lake Erie, and usually called Point Pele. It lies opposite to Huron county, Ohio. FORESTERTON, v. Burlington eo. N. J. 15 m. E. from Philadelphia, and 11 S. from Burlington. FORKED DEER, r. Ten. which runs into the Mississippi, between Obrien and Hatchy rivers. FORKS, t. Northampton eo. Pa. Pop. 1,659. FORKS, V. Richland co. S. C. FORK SHOALS, Greenville co. S. C. FORK'S OIL CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa. 340 m. from W. FORSTER'S HARBOR, bay, in Hudson's Strait. Lon. 73° .30' W. ; lat. 62° 18' N. FORT AMANDA, fort, Ellen co. Ohio, on a branch of the Auglaize, 49 m. NE. from Green- ville, 12!) N. from Cincinnati. FORT ANN, t. Washington co. N. Y. on Lake George, l(i m. N. from Sandyhill, 60 N. from Albany. Pep. 2,911. I'he village is on Wood creek, at the head of navigation, and contains about 40 Jiouscs. At this spot stood Fort Ann, often mentioned in the history of American wars. FORT ARMSTRONG, military post, U. S. on Rock Island, at the foot of rapids in the Mississippi, 2 m. above the mouth of Rock r. 400 above St. Louis. In its neighborhood are a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox trilx;s, who arc warlike, and well furnished with horses and fire-arms. FOR— FOR 200 FORT BLOUNT, or Williamsburg, v. Smith'B CO. Ten. t'ORT BROWN, fort, Paulding co. Ohio, 16 m. S. from Fort, I)cfiinice. FORT BROWN, at tlio head of Circon Bay, of Lake iMichigan, and on tlic left bank of Fox river. Lon. from W. 10° 30' W.; lat. 44° 18' N. FORT (^HAIITRES, fort, Illinois, in the American bottom, built by the French, at the expense of a million and a half dollars. The ruins still remain, J of a mile from tlie Missis- sippi, and 20 m. from Kaskaskia. FORT CHIPPEWYAN, N. A. on Athapes- cow Iiake. Lon. 110° W. ; lat. 5H=' N. FORT CHURCHILL, fort, and settlement, on the W. coast of Hudson's Bay. Lon. !)5=^ W. ; lat 580 50' n. FORT CLAIBORNE, t. Monroe co. Ala. on the E. side of the Alabama, at the head of nav- igation, 60 m. above its junction with the Tom- bigbce, 25 E. from St. Stephens. FORT CLARKE, fort, Illinois, on the W. side of Illinois river. Lat. 40° 40' N. FORT COVINGTON, t. Fronklih co. N. Y. on St. Lavirrencc river, at the mouth of Salmon creek, 235 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 2,'JOl. FORT CRAWFORD, on the point made by the confluence of the Mississippi and Ouiscon- sin rivers, and about 5 m. above their junction, in Praijie du Chien. It is a very important frontier station, and trading establishment Lon. from W. U^ 50' w. ; lat. 43° 5' N. FORT CRAWFORD, v. Conecuh co. Ala. on Murder creek, brancli of Coneculi river, 45 m. NNE. from Pensacola, and GO m. E. from Fort Stoddart. FORT CREVECOEUR, fort, on the coast of Florida. I^on. 85° 30' W. ; lat 29° 51' N. FORT CULONGE, fort, L. C. on the Otta- wa river, 170 m. W. from Montreal. FORT DEARBORN, military post of the U. S. on the S. side of Chicago river, J a mile from its entrance into Lake Michigan, 20 m. from the S. end of the lake, and 220 from Fort Howard. Lat. 41° 53' 11" N. FORT DEFIANCE, fort, Williams co. Ohio, at the junction of the Auglaize and Maumce rivers, 50 m. SW. from Fort Meigs, and 16 N. from Fort Brown. FORT DEFIANCE, v. Wilkes co. N. C. FORT EDWARD, t. in Argyle, Washing- ton CO. N. Y. on the Hudson, near the great bend, 16 m. from Lake George, 22 from Lake Champlain, 50 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,816. Tlie New York Northern canal from Lake C^hatnplain opens into the Hudson at this place, through a lock. FORT FEUREE, fort, Ohio, in Upper San- dusky, on Sandusky river, 40 m. S. from Fort Stephenson. FORT FINDLEY, v. Logan co. Ohio, on the route from Urbanna to Fort Meigs, Ohio, 20 m. N. from Fort Necessity. FORT GADSDEN, Florida, on the left bank of Chatahoochee river, near the point where that stream spreads into several channels. Lat 33° 15' N. FORT GAINES, Geo. fort, on the E. side of Chatahoochee r. between lat. 31° and 32° N. I FORT GEORGE, v. and fort, in Newark, Lincoln ro. U. C. on Niagara river, ) a mile from its mouth. The bank of the river, at the site of the tort, is .34 feet high. FORT GEORGE, v. in Caldwell, Warren CO. N. Y. at the S. end of Lake George, 59 ir. N. from Albany. The ruins of the old fort are still to be seen. It was built of stone, and stood near Fort William Henry. FORT GEORGE, isl. on the E. coast of Florida, N. from the entrance of St John's r. FORT GRATIOT, military poet, Michigan territory, on St Clair river, which defends the entrance into Lake Huron. It stands a little below the mouth of the lake. FORTGREENVILLE, fort, Darke co. Ohio, about 33 m. NW. from Dayton. A treaty with the Indians was concluded here in 1795. FORT HAMILTON, fort, Butler co. Ohio, on the Great Miami. FORT HARRISON, t. and cap. Sullivan co. Indiana, on tlie E. side of the Wabash, 65 m. above Vineennes. FORT HAWKINS, t. Jones co. Geo. on a healthy spot, alwut 1 m. E. from Oakmulgee river, and 30 W. from Milledgevillc. FORT HOWARD, a military post of the U. S. in Green Bay Settlement, Michigan Ter- ritory, at the mouth of Fox river, 184 m. SW. from Mackinaw, 220 N. from Chicago, and 360 by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers to Prairie du Chien. FORT INDEPENDENCE, fort, on Castle Island, in Boston harbor. FORT JACKSON, t. Montgomery co. Ala- bama, in the forks of the Coosa and "Tallapoosa rivers. FORT JAMES, fort, Geo. on tlie W. side of the Alatamaha. FORI' JEFFERSON, v. Darke co. Ohio, 5 m. S. from Greenville. FORT JEFFERSON, Ken. on the Missis- sippi. Lon. 89° 46' W. ; lat. 36° 36' N. FORT JENNINGS, fort, Ohio, 18 m. S. from Fort Amanda. ^ FORT RNOX, fort, IiFon White river. FORT LAWRENCE, fort, Geo. on the W. side of Flint r. 31 m. SW. from Fort Hawkins. FORT LIGONIER, fort. Pa. 50 m. E. from Pittsburg. FORT LORAMIE, fort, Ohio, on the head waters of tJie Great Miami. Lon. 84° 17' W.; lat 40° 16' N. FORT M ACARTJiUR, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 24 m. N. from Urbanna. FORT MACINTOSH, fort. Pa. on tlie Ohio, 25 m. NW. from Pittsburg. FORT MALDEN, stood on the Detroit r. above the village of Amherstburg, U. C. The fort has been abandoned since the last war be- tween Great Britain and the U. S. FORT MASSAC, Pope co. II. on tlie Ohio river, 38 m. above its mouth. FORT MEIGS, t Wood co. Ohio, on the right bank of Maumee, 80 m. SW. from Detroit. FORT MEURON, U. C. station of the Hud- son Bay Company, on the N. bank of a river which empties into Lake Superior at Fort Wil- liam, 20 m. below. '■} • ■ ML.. 270 FOR-F(AV m i I •'n ^ FORT MIAMI, tori, Ohio, (.11 Hit- M.iuin.T.I Lon. 8Pr.6' W.; Int. 4l^v>(J' N. FOR'J' MICH KM,, or CnrHa, on Uir riirlit hiuik of <-lmlalioocliL' r. wlicr*; llit; mud [lUHHes from Millril(^(vill(! In New OrlcariH, ijiKiiit 100 III. SW. l)y VV. I'roiii Millddtriivillc FORT MM.M'.U, v. Wasliiiigton en. N. Y. on tlie bank of tlin IIikIhoii rivir, Id m. below Sandy Hill, mid IIH N. from Allmny. I'OKT MIUO, fort, LouiHiana,on tho VVa- chitta. I.at. ;W^;i:)' N. FORT M()NT( ;< )M KR Y, v. imd fbrt, Mont- ^oiiinry CO. Ala. near the Alabama r. aliout 12 III. HNK. from Tort Stoddart. FOliT MOOSI'',, fort, at tlio S. extremity of Joinrs' Ray, in lIiidson'H Day, at tiie iiioutii of MooHO ri' cr. FORT OSAGE, on the Missouri, 3,30 in. uliove itn month. FORT PETITK COQII I TJ.ES, fort, Lu. on Lake rontchartrain. It \n an iifiiiortant post. FORT riC;KEI{IN(;, Slu-lby CO. 'I'cn. at Cliickasaw RlutV, IkIovv flic nioulli of Wolf r. FORT I'F-AIN, V. Montfrnmcry co. N. Y. on the rijrht bank of Mohawk r. at the mouth of Otscfiuaga creek, 78 in. NW. by W. from Albany. FORT PORTAGE, fort, V. C. m the Otta- wa river, 120 m. W. from Montreal. FORT PORTAGE, Ohio, Iti m. S. from Fort Ml igs. FORT RECOVERY, Mercer co. Ohio, on a branch of Wabash river, 23 ni. NNW. from Gr^'enville. FORT ROYAL, capital of the island of Granaila. FORT ROYAE, fort, on the W. coast of Mart'nico Island. FORT ROY AL,s.p. Jamaica, on the S. side ■of the island, in which a thousand sail of slii[)s •could anchor with the {rreatest convenience .and safety, ^t once contained 2,(100 houses ; Init, in June 1692, a dreadful earthquake buri- «ed ninc-tentiis of it eight fathoms under water, "rhey, however, rebuilt the town ; but alwut 10 years after, i» was Tiid in ashes by a terrible fire, and in 1722, one of the most dreadful htir- rieanes ever knovm reduced it a third time to a heap of rubbish. Though once a place of the greatest wealth y.ru'. importance in the West Indies, it is now reduced to three streets, a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It still ■contains, however, tlu; royal navy -yard, the navy hospital, and barracks for a regiment of isoldiers. The fbrfificatrons are kept in excel- lent order, and arc remarkably strong. It is 10 m. SW. ii-om Kingston. Lon. 77° W.; lat. 17° 50' N. FORT SENECA, v. Seneca co. Ohio, 93 m. a little W. of N. from Columbus. FORT ST. CLAIR, Preble co. Ohio, quar- ter of a mile S. from Eaton. FORT ST. JEAN DE ULOA, on a rocky island at the mouth of the harbor of Vera Cruz, state of Vera Cruz, Mexico. ;. RT ST. JUAN, fort, Mexico, in New L*in on tiie del Norte. Lon. 101° W.; lat. 9i; 'J. . . . - FORT .ST. MARY, fort, Louisiana, on E. side of the Mississippi, (i m. SE. from New ( )rlenns. FORT S'l*. MARY'S, Ohio, near the sour. CCS of St. Mary's river, 23 ni. N. from Fort Lorainie. FORT S'l'. PHILIP, fort and v. Plaqurmine CO. Ijouisiana. It is situated at the Phujuc- inino K.iul on the MissiMsijipi, 30 m. abuve Fort Ilfili' '. FOI '1' SMITH, or Helle Point, U. S. fort and the seat of justice of Crawfiird co. Arkan- sas, on the S. side of the Arkansas nt the junn. tioii of the river Poteau. The Arkansas \» navigated by steam-boats from its mouth tn this |)laee, a distance of more than .'iOO in. FORT STAN W IX, fort, in Rome, N. Y, built in nHH by the Uritish, at the expense of l^^.'ilvKlO, and rebuilt from a heap of ruins in the revolutionary war, and called Fori Sclniy- Irr. Its ruins ar(! now to be seen near llic village of Rome, between the waters of tlic Mohawk and WckmI creek. F( )RT STEPH ENSON, military post, Ohio, on W. side; of the Sandusky, at the settK^mriil of Lower Sandusky, 18 m. from the mouth ol' the river. FORT STODDART, v. and fort, RaUhviii CO. Alabama, on W. side of the Mobile, \\ in. above its entrance into Mobile Bay, and ],().']C from W. " ' FORT STOTHER, St.(Jlai.r co. Ala. on tlic right bank of tJoosa river, 20 m. SE. from St. Clairsville. FORT WASHINf JTON, v. on the left bank of Potomac river, anil on the jwint above the mouth of Pi.icataway creek. Prince Georges CO. Md. )5 m. below W. FORT WAYNE, v. Randolph co. In. by postroad 175 m. NNE. from Indianopolis, 157 NW. from Columbus in Ohio. FORT WILLIAM, U.Canada, station of the NW. Fur Company, on the N. bank of tlic Kuniniticuvia, which is here half a mile wide, and empties into Lake Suj^erior, a mile below the fort. Lat. 48° N. FORT WILLIAMS, Ala. on the E. side of the Coosa, in the country of the Upper Creeks, about 60 m. above Fort Jackson. FORTUNE, bay, in the S. coast of New- foundland, inclosed by Miquelon Island, and Point May. FOSTER, t. Providence co. R. I. 18 m. W. from Providence, 453 from W. Pop. 2,672. Here are several cotton manufactories. FOSTER'S FERRY, v. Sussex co. N. J. FOTHERINGAY, v. Montgomery co. Va. FOUCAULT, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C. between Missisque Bay, the N. boundary of tlie U. S. and Richelieu river. FOUCHE DE THOMAS, t. Arkansas. FOULKSTOWN, v. Columbiana co. Ohio. FOULWEATHER, Cape, NW. coast of Americo. Lon. 236° 4' W. ; lat 44° 49' N. FOWLER, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. in 1820, 605; in 1830, 1,447. FOWLER, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Warren. FOU-FRA 271 CO, Ohio, 12 m. FOURCHE AV CADO, brftnch of WuHhi. tall rivor, entering from the left. It rises be- fwron VVashitau proper, and Little Missouri. FOUR rOKNRKS, V. Huron co. Ohio. FOUR C;ORNKUS, v. Oswego co. N. Y. 14 m. fVoni Rotterdam, .321) I'-ti W. FOUR ('OILNKRS, v. f.incohi <:o. Me. FOUR MILIJ IIRANCH, v. Barnwell dis- lrict,S.C. FOUR MUiF. CREEK, r. Kentucky, which runs into the Ohio. FOXHOROU(JU, t. Norfolk co. MiiHH.26ni. SSW. from noHton. Fop. 1,0!)!). FOX (!APE, I'acific const of N. America. Lilt. .TP 4.V N. FOX ("REEK, r. which rises in Albany co. N. V. and runs into tlic Schoharie river in the (own of Schohnrii'. Iiciiirlh, 17 ni. FOXCROF'I", t. IVnohscot CO. Maine, H:J m. NNW. from Castinc, 270 NE. from Boston. Pop. ()77. FOX 1ST, AN DS, small islandson tl <■ of the Gulf of St. l/awrencc. FOX ISfiANDS, in the centre of IN nob- scot Bay, Maine. I'licy contain about 10,00(1 acres, and constitute the town of Vinalhavcn. FOX LOACS < J ROVE, t. Limestone co. Ala. SJ69 m. N. from ('ahawba. FOX RIVER, r. Canada, which empties into the (Julf of St. liawrencc. FOX HIVER, r. which runs into the Wa- hnsh, 15 m. above its mouth. FOX RIVER, NW. Territory, U.S. which riiriH tiirough Lake Winnebago, and flows NE. into Green Bay. It is comiected witli the Oiiisconsin iiy a portage of 4 ni. FOX RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs into tiie Thcakiki. FRAMINGHAM, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 Ml. VVSW. from Boston, 415 from W. Poj). 2,213. Here arc an academy, and a cotton manufactory. FRAMPTON, t. llorchester and Hertford cos. L. C. between Cranbournc and lallict, 30 111. SE. from Quebec. FRANCESTOWN, t. Hillsborough co.N.H. 12 ni. NW. from Amherst, 49() from W. Pop. 1,540. It is a considerable town, and contains two valuable quarries of soap-stone. FItANCIS, V. St. Genevieve co. Miso. FRANCIS, St. a tributary stream of the great river Mississippi, rising in the state of Missouri, in the lat. of 37° 45' N. running parallel with the Mississippi on the W. at the distance of about 40 m. and enters it after a course of about 220 m. 45 m. above the en trance of the Arkansas. FRANCIS, St. a river of Lower Canada, rising in Lake Memphremagog, which spreads into the state of Vermont. FRANCIS, Point, cape, on tlic NW. coast of America. Lat. 48= 44' N. FRANCISBURG, v. Union co. Ken. 240 m. from Frankfort. FRANCOIS, River, U. C. runs SW. from Lake Nepising into Lake Huron; it has sev- eral portages ; that nearest to Lake Nepising IS called Portage dc Trois Chaudiers, in length about half a mile. FRANCOIS, v. Wayne co. Miso. FRAN( OIS, Cai)f, fine town in the N. put nfthv island of St. Iloniingo, b*!longing to the French, who otlen call it the Ca|K;, by way of eminence. It wiis almost mined by tlie dread- ful commotions which attended tlie Friiich revolution. FRANCONIA, 1. Grafton co. N. H. 28 m. NE. from Haverhill. Pop. 443. There are 2 maniitiictorics of iron in this town. FRANCONIA, t. Montgomery ca Pa. Pop. HOO. FRANK FORD, t. Sussex co. N. J. border- iiig on Newtown. FRANK FORI), ». Cumlx-rland co. Pa. FRANKFORl), f. Philadelphia co. Pa. on a Hiiiall creek, which runs into the Delaware, li 111. below. It is 5 III. NE. from Philadel- phia. Po|i. I,(i37. It has a number of mnnii- liicturiiig eshiblishmeiits, and is a pleasant vil- lage. Th(! Friends have here an Asylum for the IiisMiie, with a spacious and commodious building. FRANKFORT, v. (Jrcenbricr co. Va.; 74 in. fioiii Christiniisburg. FRANKFORT, t. Hampshire co, Va. on a creek which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. NW. from RomiK'v, 4 S. of the Potomac. FRANKFORT, t. Waldo co. Me. on the W. side of Penobscot river, at the head of water navigation ; 2G in. N, from C'astinc, 12 S. from Bangor. Pop. 2,487. FRANKFORT, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the Mohawk. Pop. 2,020. FRANKFORT, t. Franklin ca>. Ken. the political metropolis of the state, is situated on the N. bank ot" the Kentucky, (50 m. above its entrance into the Ohio. The environs of tho beautiful plain, on which the town is built, aro rcinarkablo for their romantic and splendid scenery. The river divides the town into Frankfort and Soiifh Frankfort, which are connected by a bridge across the Kentucky, which here flows between banks 4 or 500 feet ill height. Both divisions contain about 2,000 inhabitants. The State House is entirely of marble, with a front presenting a portico sup. ported by Ionic columns, the whole having an aspect of niagnificence. It contains the cus- tomary legislative halls, and apartments for the Court of Appeals, and the Federal Court. The stair-wfxy under the vault of tlie dome has been much admired. The penitentiary in general contains over 100 convicts, and is one of the few establishments of the kind in the U. States tlie income from which exceeds the expenses. Its other public buildings are three churches, an academy, and county court-house. It has a number of res{)ectable manufacturing establishments, among which are three manu- factories of cotton-bagging, a rofie-walk, a cot- ton factory, two large ware-houses, and the usual number of corresponding establishments. It i;j at the head of steam-boat navigation, having 3 or 4 steam-boats in regular employ, when the stage of water in the river admits ; and is a place of considerable commercial en- terprise. The public inns are on a respect?ble footing ; and it is a place of much shov/ aui ''f If II ■ EK||K:4t|^n& m '1 M B k ■. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) '7 /. {./ ^ .^. /. & % ,% ^ 1.0 Ui||28 |2.5 |5o ™^™ MSB ^ 1^ 12.2 u UK 1.1 l.-^iiia ^ ill 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■• 6" ► V] /a ^>. '^ ■> '/ /^ Hiotpgraphic Sciences Corporation "^'V^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 872-4503 s "^^I<^ ^J^ C/u 272 FRA— FRA Jli .i m . * •! .* 5 In:' gaiety. The houses in particular arc eingu larly neat, many of thcin btiiig built of tlic beautiful marble furnislied by the banks of the river. Sco-vesscls have been built hero, and floated to New Orleans. It is situated 'il2 m. from Nashville, 806 from New Orleans, 20 NW. from Lexington, 141) from Indianojxjlis, 252 from Vandalia, 550 from Washington, 321 from St. Louis, and 85 from Cincinnati. Pop. 1,987. FRANKFORT, V. Beaver co. Pa. FRANKFORT, v. and seat of justice, Mor- gan ca Va. on Patterson's creek, a branch of Potomac ; 12 ni. from (/umbcrland in Md. FRANKFORT, v. Franklin co. II.; 47 ni. NW. by W. from Shawneetown, and 65 SE. by E. from Kasknskia. FRANKFORT, t. Guernsey co. Ohio; 15 m. E. from Cambridge. FRANKLIN, co. Vt. on Lake Cliamplain. Pop. 24,525. Chief town, St. Albans. FRANKLIN, t Franklin co. Vt.; 96 m. NE. from Burlington. Pop. 1,129. FRANKLIN, co. Mass. on both sides of Connecticut river, N. of Humpshirc co. Pop. 2i),341. C;hief town, Greenfield. FRANKLIN, t. Norfolk co. Mass.; 8 m. SW. from Dcdham, 26 SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,662. FRANKLIN, t. New London co. Ct on the W. side of the Shctuckct, adjoining Norwich. Pop. 1,200. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. Y. ; bounded N. by ('anada, K. by Clinton and Essex cos. S. by Essex and Ilaniilton cos. and W. by St. Lawrence co. Pop. 11,332. Cliii.f town, Malone. FRANKLIN, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Susijnohannah, N. of Delhi ; 346 ni. from W. Pop. 2,775. FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Ala. on the S. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 11,078. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP, Gloucester co. N.J. FRANKLIN, t. Bradford co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Somerset co. N. J. FRANKLIN, t. Bergen co. N. J. FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Pa. ; bounded NE. by Cumberland co. E, by Adams co. S. by Maryland, and W. by Bedford and Mifllin cos. Pop. 35,103. Chief town, Chambers- burg. FRANKLIN, t. York co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t Adams co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Venango co. Pa. at the junction of French creek with the Al- Icghany ; 25 m. SE. from Meadville, 63 N. from Pittsburg, 237 from W. The celebrated Oil Springs are 11 m. NE. of this town. They rise from the bed of Oil creek, and. afford an inexhaustible supply of oil. FRANKLIN, t. Franklin co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Fayette co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Greene co. Pa. FRANKLIN, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Va. ; bounded NW. by Bottctourt co. NE. by Bedford co. E. by Pittsylvania co. S. by Henry and Patrick COS. and W. by Montgomery co. Pop. 14,911. Chief town. Rocky .Mount FRANK'LIN, t. Pendleton co. Va. on S. branch of tlie Potomac; 35 m. SW. from Moorficid, .55 N. from Bath, 190 from W. FRANKLIN, t. Russell ca Va.; 20 m. WNW. from Abingdon. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. C. Pop. 10,665. Chief town, Louisburg. FRANKLIN, co. central part of Ohio. Pop. 14,716. Chief towns, F'ranklinton and Co- lumbus. FRANKLIN, t. Warren co. Ohio, on the Great Miami ; 10 m. NW. from Lebanon, 34 N. by E. from Cincinnati. FRANKLIN, t. Portage co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Ross co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of Ken. Pop. 9,251. C;hief town, Frankfort. FRANKLIN, co. West Tennessee. Pop. l,'j,r)44. Chief town, Winchester. FRANKLIN, v. Haywood co. N. C. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Williamson co. Ten. on the Harpath ; 17 m. SSW. from N.ik1i. ville, 767 from W. Pop. about 2,000. It is a pleasant town, and one of the largest niid most flourishing in the state. It contains tiic county buildings, a bank, and a printing-office, where a newspa|x;r is pul)lishcd. FRANKLIN, co. SE. part of Indiana. Pop. 10,199. Chief town, Brookvillr. FRANKLIN, t. St. Mary's parish. La. ; 1.50 ni. from New Orleans. liOn. 91° 58* W. lat. 30° 1' N. FRANKLIN, co. 11. Pop. 4,081. Chief town, FVankfort. FRANKLIN, CO. Ala. Pop. 11,078. Cliitf town, Russellville. l-TtANKLIN, CO. Miso. Pop. 3,484. Chief town. Union. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Howard co. Miso. on the Missouri ; 160 m. from St. Louis. FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Georgia. Pop. 10,135. Chief town, Carnesville. FRANKLIN, co. Mississippi. Pop. 4,622. Chief town, Franklin. FRANKLIN, t. Attakapas co. La.; 1,327 from W. FRANKLIN CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs SE. into the Great Miami, below Franklin. FRANKLIN, t. Jackson co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t Stark co. Ohia FRANKLIN, t Coshocton co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t Columbiana co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t Wayne co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Licking co. Ohio. FRANKLIN, t. Richland co. Ohio. FRANKLINTON, t. Franklin cr< Ohio, on SW. branch of the Scioto, opposite Columbus, 1 m. distant ; 45 m. N. from Chillicothe, and 41 9 from W. It is the seat of justice for tlie county. FRANKLINVILLE, v. Catauraugus co. N. Y. ; 2a9 m. SW. by W. from Albany. FRANKS, t Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop 1,297. FRANKSTOWN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. on Frankstown river; 20 m. SW. by W. from Huntingdon. Fl{.\— I'llM 273 Pop. 14^11 CO. Va. on S. m. SW. from ) from W. ). Vu. ; 20 in. of N. C. Pop. S- rt of Ohio. Pop. linton and Co- 0. Ohio, on tlie >in Lebanon, 34 . Ohio. hio. of Ken. Pop. t. renncssce. Pop. !8tlT. CO. N. C. . Williamson co. iSSW. from NaKli- ut 2,000. It is a the largest imd It contains tlie 1 a printing-office, hcd. part of Indiana. Irookvillr. 8 parish. La. ; l.W n. 1)1° 58' W. lat. 4,081. Chief op. 11,078. Chief 'op. 3,484. Chief Howard co. Miso. m St. Louis, part of Georgia, larncsville. iippi. Pop. 4,622, las CO. La. ; 1,327 Ohio, which runs ;low Franklin. CO. Ohio. Ohio, n CO. Ohio. Ilia CO. Ohio. ;o. Ohio. :o. Ohio. CO. Ohio. .nklin cr. Ohio, on opposite Columbus, n Chillicothe, and of iusticc for Uic Catauraugus cc Ifrom Albany, on CO. Pa. Pop Itingdon co. Pa. on 5W. by W. from FRANKS'I'OWN-HKANCH, r, P.i. ; ih( NW. branch of the .Imiiiila, risrs in IJrdlord ro. ami joins l^■lysto\vn•hraIlcll, '2 ni. Iiilow thf horoiigli of liuntingdon, and forms tlu' Juniata. I'UAKKSAT', V. :Miso. on fho road from St. Clnrlis to St. I.ouis. riM'.DKin'' A, t. lunt o. Dolawarr, ntthr inr'-'.s of Molhi'rivill, ;i br.iiich of Di'l^nvarc rivir; 7 ni from .Miltiird, 1'2 K. from Dovi-r. riiRDKinCA, a town of the Ftitc of 'Jror- ■riw, in (ilviin CO. nnd (lin W. siiin of St. Siinon Ishiid, with a safe atid coiniiiodions liarhnr, t;t m. SW. of Savannali. Lon. hi) ' otJ' \V. hit. :ti li' \. ri!i;i)KinCK, t. Mont^on cry co. Pa. Pop. l.'HIil. FIJKDEIiirK, CO. Md. on thn Potomac. Pop. l.').7ll.'<. Chief town, Fredoricktown. KRi;iti:PvIf:i\, t. (Veil CO. Md. on the Sa.o- Mfr.is, opposite Geor^rtown, 1!) in. NE. from Clirstirtowii. FUHIMMaCK, CO. Va. Pop. 2(),0 1 >*. Chief (own, Wiiiclicslrr. KUKDKinCK HOUSE, a Iradinsr stafinn in t'liprr ('aiiad:i, ne.rr the hrnd waters oi' the (tt'nwa river. I -on. s-i - \\'. lat. 4>' ■ '.W N. FREDKinCK I'OINT, I'. C. is oa the E. siile of Kinu'-toii hiirlior, and on the W. side • it' liiliiiiiiiiiid Cove, which is niailc by i( and I'liiMt ii( nrv. K|{i;i)E!{ICKSni'R(;, t. Spotlsylvania eo. V;t. and one of t'le iTio-^l lloiirisliintj coiiiuier- ciil tinviis in the state, is re^ul.irly hud out, on the SW. hank ol' tiie Rap;);lr,inri)rk river, liiliii. troiii its luoiitli, .')7 SW. from W. (If) N. t'roMi K'iclipiotid. lioii. 77 ')it W. l.it. !)s I'^'N. U contains a co'.irt-iiouse, jail, acadciny, ■J hinks, and I houses of i)uhlic worship, !t ;< adv;Lnt;i!reon-;lv sitn:ited !o,- tr:ide, near the ii'iid of n:ivi,\ports has Ix-en estimated at !?l,M(l'),()n(l. Pop. S,:{fl7. iUEDinjK'KSIUUc;, t. Washin'iton eo. indi;in:i, on Hi;^ Bine river, 20 ni. NW. from •Virvdon. • • FREDERTCKSnrUC, t. (Jallatin co. Ken. FREDKinCKSni'Ri., t. Lenox co. U. C. on the Hiiv of (^ninte, W. of Ernestown. FREDERICK'I'ON, or St. Anne, capital of .NV\v Hrnnswick, on St. .Fohn's river, at the lii.'ad of sloop navijcation, about Iltl m. above its iriniith. FREDERICKTOWN, city and cap. Fred- crirk co. Md. on a braneh of Monoc:isy creek, I.'! m. NNVV. from W. 12 \V. from Fkltimore. Iininsuhi of Goldsborough. It conununicutes with Dlue- hill Ray. FRENCH MHiLS, now Fort Covington, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on Salmon river, b ni. E. from St. Regis. FRENCH MH.LS, t. Onslow co. N.C. 158 ni. SE. from Raleigh. FRENCH RIVER, r. Upper Canada, whicli rises in Lake Nepising, and after a course of 75 miles, enters Lake Huron, in lat. '15=' 53' N. FRENCH, r. whicli rises in Mass. and joins the Qnincbang in Thomp.son, Ct. FRENCH'J'ON, v. Dinwiddle co. Va. FRENCHTOWN, landing, Cecil co. Md. on the E. side of Elk r. 1 m. S. from Elkton. FRENCHTOWN, t. Monroe co. Michigan territory. FRENCH VILLAGE, v. II. 5 m. E. from St. Louis. FRENEUSE, lake, N. Brunswick, through which St. John river passes. FRESNILLO, t. Mexico, 30 m. NW. from Zacatecas. Ixin. 101 -> 5b' W. ; lat. 23^ S>2' N. FRIENDLY C(nE, harbor in Nootka Sound, on the NW. coast of America. FRIENDSHIP, t. Lincoln co. Me. 30 m. E. from Wiscasset. Pop. ti3 1. FRIENDSHIP, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. SVV. of Angelica. Pop. 1,502. FRIENDSHIP, V. Anne Arundel co. Md. FRitNDSVILLE, v. Suwiuehannah co. Pa. FROBISHER'S STRAITS, little north of Cape Farewell, and West Greenland, discover- ed by Sir Martin Frobisher. Lon. 42^ W. lat. 63° N. FROG'S POINT, or Frog's Neck, West- chester CO. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 9 ni. NE. from Hacrlem Heights. FRONTINAC, co. Upper Canada, on Lake Ontario. FRONTROYAL, v. Frederick co. Va. FRUITSTOWN, t. Lycoming co. Pa. FROSTBURG, v. Alleghany co. Md. situ- ate on the national road, 10 in. W. from Cum- bcrland. This is perhaps the most elevated town in the U. States, being, according to Mr. Schriver, 1792 feet above tide-water in Chesa- peake Bay. This village is 145 m. from W. FRUITSTOWN, t. Colmnbia co. Pa. 15 m. N. from Danville. FRYBURG, t. Oxford co. Me. and tlie seat of an academy ; lying on the N. branch of Saco river, 58 m. NVV. of Porllnnd, Pop. in 1820,1,057; in 1H30, 1,3.53. FRYINGPAN SHOALS, off Cape Fear r N.C. FUERTE RIO, r. Mexico, in Sonora, flown hito the Gulf of Calitbrnia. FULLENWIDERS, t. Lincoln co. N.C. 194 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. FCLLER'i't )N, Puint, capi-, on the W. coa«t of Antigua. Lon. (5P 35' W.; lat. 17= 13' N. It is also the name of a cap*; in Hudson's Bay, Lon. bti' 20' W.; lat. 04= 10' N. FULLING-.MILLS, v. Kent co. R. I. FULLMOON SHOAL, shoal of cape Hat. tcras, N. C. having 10 or 12 feet at low water. FULTON, V. Rowan co. N. C. 137 ni. by lK)stroad from Raleigh. FUI/I'OX, t. Sumpler district, S. C. 49 m from Columbia. FULTON, C. H. Fulton co. II. 96 m. from Vandalia. FUNDY, Bay of. North Amcricn, between Nova Scotia and New Bnmswick. Its en- trance is between Cape Sable, the SW. point of Nova Scotia, and Alount Desert Island on tlic coast of Maine. The tides in the Bay ol' Fundy have an extraordinary rise. At tlip entrance of the bay they are only of the ordi- nary height, al)out 8 teet; but at Lubec, con,- mon tides rise 25 feet ; at St. John, 30 ; niid ;.t the head of the bay 00 feet. The tides here are so rapid as to overtake and sweep off am- mal.s feeding on the shore. FUNKSTOWxN, or Jerusalem, t. Wasliii.;r. ton CO. Md. on Antietam creek, 2i m. SW from Elizabethtown. FURNACE, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 58 ni, a httic N. of W. from Harttbrd. FURRY'S TOWN, t. Jamaica, in St. James CO. 20 m. NE. from Savaimah la Men G. GAINES, t. Orleans co. N. Y. on Lake On- tario ; 30 m. W. from Rochester, 18 N. from Batavia. Pop. 2,121. GAINESVILLE, t. Genesee co. N. Y. ; 21 m. S. from Batavia. Pop. 1,934. GALEN, t. Seneca co. N. Y. on the Eric canal, immediately N. of Junius. It contain* the village of Clyde. Here arc ealt-works. Pop. 2,979. (;ALI,ATIN, t. Columbia co. N. Y. ; 19 m. SE. from Hudson. The Ancram iron-works in this town are very extensive, and the iron is highly prized. The ore is obtained from the neighlwring town of Salisbury, Ct. GALLATIN, f. and cap. Sumner co. W. Ten. ; 27 m. NE. from Nashville. Here is an academy. (iALLATIN, CO. Ken.; bounded N. by Ohio river; E. by Grunt, SE. by Grant and Owen, and SW." by Henry. Length S.") in. mean width 10. Chief town. Port William. Pop. 0,680. GALLATIN, co. II. ; bounded by Wnbafh river E. and SE. Pope S. Franklin W. ami White N. Length 30 m. mean width .33. Chief town, Shawneetowii. Pop. in 1820, 3,155; in 1830,7,107. GALLATIN, v. Copiah co. Mississippi ; 36 m. from Monticelio. fJAL— (JEO 275 bia CO. N. Y. ; 19 11. Aiicram iron-works' cnsivc, and the iron >re is obtained I'rom Salisbury, Ct. aj). Sumner co. ^^• aslivillc. Here is an bounded by Wnbafli S. Franklin \V. ami nj. mean width 33. Pop. in 1820, 3,155; li CO. Missiesippi ; 36 GALF.ATINS UIVKR, one of the three forks of the Missouri, jninB tho main stream inlon. 1I<»^.V W.; lat. l.JJ 1.5' N. GAF.tilA, en. Ohio; bounded by the Ohio river K. and SM. Lawrence .<\V. Jiiekson NW. and Meisr-x N- I.encrih .'Ui m. widtli 'M. Top. :).7.'t.1. Cliief town, (Jalliiioli-i. (J.VF-Mi'OLIS, t. and cap. (Jallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river ; HI m. SK. from Chillieotlie, l(l~» SK. tlroni Cohinibus. It eontaiiiN a eourt-liouse, jail, and aeadeniy. It was settled in ITilD by a I'Vencli colony. Pop. 155. Lat. .'is .50' N. (JALLOWAY, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. l,G5:i. GAT.VESTOX, v. I.a. on the Iberville at its continence with Amite river. Id m. (i-om l)on- ald.":on\ille, ;i5 Sl'J. ironi IJaton liouj^c. Lat. 30' M' N. GALWAY, t. Saratoga co. N. Y.; 8 m. \V. from IJallston, 31 from AJbaJiy. Poj). 3,710. (JARDINER, t. ICennebeck co. .Me. on the W. bank of Kennebeck river, opposite Pitts- town. Cobbeseconte river runs through this town, and for more than a mile has a contin- ued succession of falls on which are erected various manufaeturing- establishments. The (Jardiner Lyceum iu e.-y -, Wasliinpfon ro. nnd District of ('(ilmid)ia, on NE. Imnk of tlu- I'olomnr, nlxjiit ^.'IKI m. from its mouth, and !)()() from Iho ra|Hs of Nirjiinin, a VA >R( ; ETi »\\ N ( ROSS.RJ ).\ I)S, v. Kt i.i CO. Md. : 1 ni. S. from (irorirrfown, D. C. (:i:(»i{(;i;'i"n\vN i;.\'i"i{,\N(i;,th. .nomi, of the (Jrint I'cdru riv\\ Hh-1. (;r;im \\, t. Fnvrfic r... Pn. ro|.. L'.f|(l(). (.r.ini AN, ». Clarki- (..Ohio. (;i:i;m \.\, t. CosIkicicii <.,. ohlo. (.T.IMI \\. t. ('ii[«' (Jiriirdnin ro. AIi«o. (;i:i.'M AN I'LA'IS. 1. Ilrri>ini.r ro. \. Y. side 3 m. W. of the Capitol in WnshioL'ton. It is j 8(>paratcd from W.iHliin(rljin l)y Kork rrttk, ^on the >'. siilc of the Mohnwk ; .1 ni. S. Irnm yrt from its pro.ximity it npinnrs to the ryi- toj fit rkimcr, 7."» W. trom Alliany. Top. LMiiil. make a part of tht! city. The sitnution is very , In this town sIikxI I'ort llrrkinur, nn ntioiiul pleasant, commandinu a iK'nutiful virw of the in thr histiiry ot" Amirioin warr. 'i'iir (iir. river, the city of \Vnshinf;ton, nnd thr unr- imaii llals arr an rxirnsivr tract of iillmiul rounding country. Tiie houses are principally land, on hofli sides of tiir Mohawk, in this built of brick, and ninny of Ihrm are elrirant. town and 'I'd ':iiiirr. 'I'hooirh ilhashmi On the hillH near the town tliere arc srvcrnl Irullivatr*! nearly 100 yenr.s, it has lost iiniic elepant country-seats. The situation is v»ry of its ti rtililv. liealthy, and the water excellent. It is a Hour- isliin^; town, and a plnce of considrralilr tradt GKHMANNA. V. on Rapid Ann rivrr. in tjie NE. nntfir of Oratijje rt). Va.; 7Q ni. S\\. Pop. 8,441. A cannl fron) the Potr.mae to the from \V. and ^'l .\. trom K'iihmond. Ohio Ixpins at this plnc«'. (ieorL'ilown ('ol-j (JilK'Ai Wi't )\\ X, t. Colundiia ro. N. Y. Irpr, situated lirrc, is a Catholir institution,, on Hudson river, 1:2 in. below Hudson. IVip. UJider the direction of the lncori)oraled ("alho- !)(i7. lie CJIersry of Maryland. It was first incor-j (;EiniA.\TOWN, t. Philndel|.hin eo. Pa. ; poratcd in 17!)!). It has two spacious editirrs.jG m. \. from Philadclphi.i. Pop. 4,ril"J. ' It and a library contnininp 7,000 volumes. The'rontains 1 rliurrhcs, I llir rrisliytrriaris, 1 iJir nunil>er of students ranju's from 110 to 17."i. Grrman Calvinisls, 1 lor Lutherans, ami 1 tl.r Here is likewise a larjre nunnerv, called the'Krirnds. 'I'hr Jiousrs are rhii fly of slnur, Convent of Visitation. It was founded by the. some of them larir'' and rieirant, and Imill late most Rev. Archbishop Neale, in 17!trt. ; prineipally on fnie slri>et, almiit i2 m. in Irnirtli. The niunber of nuns varies from .'iO to 70. iTiie inhaliitnnfs are mostly Ciermnns uml Attached to this institution is a larffc andjnufch. Here is the principal rontrrcfrntionfif flourishing Female Academy. The boardinirithe IVIenonists. The battle of (irrmantown school contains 100 young ladies, under the instruction of tlie nuns, GEORGETOWN, v. Kent co. :\Id. on the was touirht here nn the Ith of Oclolier, 1777. In this vijlafre is situated l\[oimt Airy Cnllrirc, nn inslilution justly celebrated. The rail-road Sassafras river, M m. SW. from Philacielphia.ifrom Philadelphia to Norristown passes fhro«|rti GEORGETOWN, district of S. C. ; bound- 1 this place. cd by the Atlantic ocean SIC. by Sanf( <; river | or Charleston SW. by Williamsburg NW. nn al)ove Louisville. GEORtJETOWN, t. and scat of justice, Scott ca Ken* on the left bank of North Elk- horn creek, 15 m. E. from Frankfort It con- tains a court-house, bank, printing-office, nnd Bevcrol places of public worship. LaL 38'^ 14' N. ; Ion. 7^ 28' W. from W. Pop. I,:i44 GEORGETOWN, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. SE. from Cadiz. GEORGETOWN, v. Dearborn ro. In GEHMANTOWN, t. Uydc co. N. C. on a bay in Piimiico Sound; 108 m. from Ka- leipli. Gi;RMANTOWN,»f. Stokes co. N. C. on the Town Fork of the Dan. It contains n court-house, jail, nnd nliont 40 houses. (;ERMANTOWN,t. Montgomery co.Ohio, 13 m. S. from Dnvlon. (;KRMANY, U Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,273. fiERRY, t. Chala'ique co. N. York. Pop- 1,110. GETTYSBURG, t. nnd cap. Adams ro. Pa. on Rock creek, one of the sources of llif Monocasv, 36 m. from Williamsport, Md. ^~ from IJa'ltimore, 118 W. from Philadelphia. Pop. 1,.173. It contains a court-house, jnil, bank, nnd printing-office, from which a news- paper is issued. ( niKNT, t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 2,790. (illENT, f. Gallatin co. Ken. on the Ohio, opiKisile Vevav. GIANT OF THE VAT,LEY, mt. Eliza- bethtown, N. York, 1,200 feet high. (ilRBONSVlLLE, v. in Watcrvliet, N. Y. Here is a V. S. arsenal. GIliSON, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. .300. (Jin ci»)i, iJ7-7 [OADS.v.Ktni own, D. ('. NCK. tlic iiioiiili V roust ol'Soulli 1. N. Y.; ir. M. in Allmny. l'o|i. n. Fop. VMl I in. .. Ohio. inii rn. AIi«o. ikiiiicr c(i. N, Y. .•k ; ft ni. S. Irdiii Tiy. I'"!'- -•"'''■ kiiiu r, rnc'iitiiiiii il w.TTf. Tlic \\. ilnfldi'liiii en- Tn. ; , i'i,|>. .l,r,.|-'. ■ li 'rcslivtriiatis, 1 li>r iitlicrans, iiikI 1 t<'r fliit fly of sIfiiK', iclcirant, nnd I'liili lilt ;2 in. in Itnirtii. :tlv (irrmaiis ami i rnnLTOfrntion fil of (Jcriiiaiitnwn of Ortnlicr, 177*. onnt Airy Collriri'. ted. Tlic rail-rnad own passes tliroiifrli [ydc CO. N. C. on 108 in. from Ra- lokcs CO. N. r. on in. It contains n 4n houses. inlgoniery co. Oliin, Pa. Pop. 1,272. ;o. N.York. Top. 1 cap. Adams ro. the sources of itif Uiainsport, INId. •''2 from Philadelphia, court-house, jnil. rem which a news- N.Y. Pop. 2,700. \'cn. on the Ohio, [J.EY, mt. Eliza- [ect high. 1 Watervhet, N. Y. I Pa. Pop. 300. (illkJON, I. SusijUfiiuiiiiuii CO. I'a. Pop.i;< III. W. from SjiikIv Hill. .\ wtcitiy news 1,(10(1. pa|K'r is inihlislipfl lure. (Jlnnrs I 'ails present (illlSON, eo. ill the S\V. part of Indiana, a IxMiitilnl inid |iirtiiresi|iir scenery. 'I'lie do. P(i|i. ."), II 7. ( 'liii't'towii, rriiK'i Ion. 'scent is "J.s ic, i in ;i rods. Here is ii lirid(re (JIUSO.N, CO. ill till' \V( sicrii p.irt of Ten.' iicr'HS tile river. Po|). ."i.^lll. ( 'liic'l''towii, Tn iiliiii. I (ii.llSI',, r. |,;i. which runs into the !\Iis- (;!ll."^n.VI'( )|{T, t. liiid I'lip. (iailMirne eM.| sissippi. Mis.-:issi|ipi, on I'icrre li.iyoii, .'I'l in. alK)ve its| ^W, of wlioin 1711 arei'l'lie harSor is ilctinded hy u li.ittery. Bluves. j «;i,(»l'(i,S'ri;K, t. Priivldence co. IJ. F. in (■Il.ES, CO. on X. side of West 'rcnncssee. j t lie .\\\'. corner of the sl.iti-, liavint; .Massa- Pop. It^.iyo. Chief town, PulasUi. I chiisetis on the .\. and ( 'oniiecticiil on the W (ill.FOKD.t.SiratVord co.N.H.onSVV.sidei Pop. 'J,.-)-.M. of Lake Winnipiseo^ree; ilH m. NWIl. from i (;i,< M '( KS'i'l'.R, sm;.ll viilaije, (JlouccRter Concord, 5.5 NW. from Portsinoiith. 'Phis town I co. .V. J. on the I'., haul; of the ri\er I )( la ware, P.I ,1. •)'.). was t'oriiicd from the N. part of (Jilmaiiton. .'1 m. Ixdow Philiidelpliia. It is connected with .Mereilith hy a hrid),'e, at' (iF.()L'CKS'i'i;i{, eo. N. .1. hoiinded hy the which there is a coiusiderahli! village. I'o]).' .Vtl.intic <)ee;\n SII. Cajie May, CiimlMrland, 1,872. {and Sali'iii eos. SW. F>e!aware r. NW. and hy GILL, t Franklin co. Mass. on W. side of I niirliii;.rton co. NI".. ; leiiglh 10 m. hrendth 2(1. the Connecticut ; 3 in. ENK. from (Greenfield Pop. 864. GILLOIiL island near the coast of .Missis- sippi, at the iiiouUi of tlie Mohile, near IJau- phin'8 Island. GILMANTON, t. Strafford co. N. IF.; If) m. NNE. from Concord, 50 NW. from Ports- mouth, 523 from W. Pop. 3,N1(!. It con- tains a court-house, a iininher ofrcs[K'elahle manufacturing establisiiinents, an academy, and several houses of ])uhlic worship, 'i'lu^ Chief towns, W Oodhury, (ilouctst. r, and Cam- den. P ^13l. (;L()r(i;s'PKI{, eo. Va. hounded E. hy .Mi>ek Jack Flay, Slv and SW. hy York river, NW. hy King and tiiuien, and NK. hy Mid- dlesex and Matthews; length 20, mean width IG m. Chief town, (iloucester. IMi). 10,t)08, of whom "»,(i!)l are slaves. (iL()rCF;S'IER,C. IF. Gloucester co. Va. '^O 111. F'l. from Ftielimond. (JF.orCFXriOFJ I'Oiri', or Point au Pins, Court of (Common Pleas for the county is he!d| I'. C. tlu; first point on i\\v north shore in the narrows leading troiii Lake Sui»erior towards the tiills of St. ;\Fary. (iL()i( i;sti:f{ township, r.c. in the county of F)iindus; it lies eastward of and ad- joiniiiir the river Itiulrau. GLOICIXI'KU FACTORY, e.Ktahlish- altcrnatcly at (iilmanton and F{ochester, and the Superior Court at Dover. (JILMANTON, Lower, v. in the town.=hip of Gilmanton. GILSUM, t. Cheshire co. N. II.; 6 m. N. from Kce.ne. Poj). 642. (JLAS(}OW, t. and cap. llarrcn co. Ken.;!ment of tin; IFiidson's Hay Company, on a fil ni. ENE. from RusscUville, 14H SW. from! hraneh of Alhany river. Lat. .'il ' 30' N. Lexington, C6 from W. Pop. 617. Ft is a (iF.OVER, t.'Orlcaiis co. Vt. ,'« ni. NNE. flourishing town, situated in a lertiln country,! from AIontiK-lier. I'op. !)()2. and contains tiic county buildings and a bank. I (il.OY DSBOROL'GFF, v. Ilainpshirc co. Va. (iLAStiOW, iVew, t. Amher.st co. Va. ;| (iFiVNN, co. (Jco. iH.Minded hy the Atlantic about 20 N. by E. from Lvnchhnrc;. I Ocean on the SH. Camden co. or Lilth' St. Ilia GLASSBOROUGFLv. ( iloucester CO. N.J.;! river SW. Wayne co. NW. and Alatnmaha 20 m. SE. from Philadelphia. Here is a con- siderable >jlas8 manutaetory. GLASTENBURY, t. Bennington co. Vt. ; 11 in. NE. from FJ<^nnington. I'op. .W. (iLASTENBURY, t. IFartlbrd co. Ct on E. side of the (Connecticut, op|)Obitc Wethers- field; 6 m. SSE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,i)rt). It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy. GLENNS, V. Gloucester co. Va. ; F5(» in. from W. GLENVILLE, V. in tinecnshury, Washing- ton CO. N.Y. on the Hudson at Glenn's Falls; river N F]. ; length 20 in. widtli 20. Chief town, Bnni.swick. Pop. in 1820, 3,418; in 1830, 4,4(i7. (^NADENIFUTTEN, t. Tuscarawan co. Ohio, on the I), side of the Muskingum, Fl m. S. t'rom New i'hiladelphia. (JOFF'STOWN, t. Hillsborongh co. N. FF. on the W. side of the AFi^riinac^k, at Ainos- keag tiills, where is a bridge across the river, 15 111. S. from Concord, 13 NNE. from Am- herst. Pop. a,2F3. (JOLCONHA, t. Pope co. II. on tFie Ohio. 278 (JOFr-r.RA GOI,0Snon()r(;iI, I. H.mcock ro. IMnino, 40 m. !•;. from Castinc, l^W MK. Crom rorllaiul. Lat. 41^ HI' N. Pop. m). (JOIK'IIF.AM), {), :<:.V»K) ; in IKIO, :iS,G!il. Chief towns, Havrrhill and Plymouth. (JIJAFTON, I. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 11 ni. E. from, Troy. Pop. I,(is|. G|{.\IN(;KR, CO. Ten. Intween Clinch and Ilolston rivers; lx)mided by Jctferson SM. Kno.v SW. Clailjornc NW. and Hawkin.'i NK.; length 30 m. mean width 12; area lii'M sq. ms. Surface hilly, and soil sterile, except along the margin of the streams. Chief town, Rutledgc. Lat. 3(P 1.V N.; Ion. from W. G- 40' \y (JKANADA, i.sland in the West Indies, the principal of the (Grenadines; situated in Ion. from W. Ti^ 40' E. and between 11° .I.V and 12^ 23' N. lat. It is the last of the Windward Caribl)ees, and 30 leagues NW. of Tobago. The chief |)ort, called Lewis, is on the W. side, in the middle of a largo hay, with a sandy bottom, and is very spacious. (iRANAD.A, f. of \. America, in the prov- incc of Nicaragua, sealed on the I,ake Nicara- gua. The inhabitants carry on a great trade by means of the lake, which communieatcR with the Atlantic Ocean. It is .W m. SK. of Leon. Lon. from W. 8= 4fi' W.; lat. 12^ 5' N. GRANBY, t. Es.s(;x co. Vt. GO m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. !)7. (J RAN BY, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. ESIC. from Northampton, 90 W. from Boston. In this town and South Hadley there are ex- tensive open plains and fields, on which arc annually raised for market largo quantities of rye. Pop. 1,0G4. (iRANBY, t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. NW. from Hartford. Pop, 2,730. CiRANBY, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop, 1,42.3. GRANBY, t, Lexington district, S, C, on the C^ongaree, opposite C-olumbia, GRANP ISLE, isl. N. Y. in the Niagara, 4 m, above the falls. It contains 48,000 acres. It belongs to the town of Buffalo, GRAND ISLE, co. NW. part of Vt. It is comjiosed of islands in Lake Chainplain ; the largest are North and South Hero. Pop. .3,690. GRAND LAKE, or Chilnucook Lake, on E. side of Maine, at the sources of the St. Croix. GRAND PRE, Seigniory, St. Maurice eo. L. C, on Lake St, Peter, 18 m. W. from Three rivers. GRAND RIVER, of Ohio, rises in Trum- bull eo. and flowing a))out 10 m. nearly N. enters Ashtabula eo. and continuing N. about 20 in. turns nearly at right angles and enters Geauga co, in which it falls into Lake Erie at I (iRA— (IRK 279 1 CO. VI. 22 in. S. iiKli 12; ima 11 1:1 .»■« 11". • ■■-. "• I'W.; lat. 12^r)'N. lilnucook I^ake, on sources of the St. Fairporl, aftpr nn entire coinj»arufi\c course of 50 ni. St'c I'lnnnrtUe uiul Fuiijmrl. GK.WI) inVi;i{,or Nipiiroii River, U.(.'. falls into I.ukc Sii|xri(>r from llie N. a little K. op[K>site Keweena |Kiirit. r.R.WT, CO. Ken. iM.iinilcl !)>• Ow.ii S. (;,il. latin W. U(K)rie N. iiiid rnulliion I'].; linirt'i 20 m. mean width l.'l. l'o|). in l-^Jil, l,h05; in Kl30, 2,!)S7. Chief town, Wilhunistown. GRANVirjJ-:,!. ll,un|)». S. hy Wake, and W. hy Oranire and Person; length 30 ni. moan width 23. Chief to«n O.xliird. Top. in 1820, lfi,21(;; in IKK), l!t,31.3. GRANVILLE, v. Monongahela co. Va..329 ra. NW. from W. GRANVILLE, t. Licking co. Ohio, 27 ni. lYE. from Columbus, 32 W. from Zancsville. It .'las a hank. GRASS, r. N. Y. nms into tlie St. Law- (iRI'iEN, I. Franklin eo. Penn.on both Bides of the road from Shippcnshurg to ChambcrH- burfir. p„|,. 2,-m. (tREEN, eo. of Ohio, !)ounde ^tmd''' mM:M <;i{i;i;.\ lil SII,n|.[^.Mlrl|if.ily..t'\ll.:in>,| mill ill l(iii-s( hit r ci||. Int. .'tU ;U' \. I'l'own. (;ri(ii\illc coinpnlii'iids Jill the imlaiids (iUl'.D.N KIV'I'.U, Kill, risen in Linroln (o, iHiir to it in the rivir St. F.iiwrrncn. ft n uiIh mill lliiwin;: \\'. jdiiix thr Ohio, ','(•() ni. IhIow one riprisciilativr to tin- iirovinriiil parliainciii. I.oiii'.villf, .'('I ahiivc thf nioiilli of I he Ciiiiilirr- (i|{ I'lil.NN'l 1.1.1! ('I{I';I''.K, frilmlarv of llir latiil. It is 'JOO yiirijs wiilr at its mouth, and S\V. hrancii ot" Miami river, nmniii(r V.. past is iia\ iifihh' liir hoal.s iii.criy '.''HI in. iiiil liirf (Jrceiiville. Oiw mile alwive its moiitji (ilJI'lll.M'r, M;. CO. Ken. hoimded N. by ami 17 Ik low (Ireeiuille, it has n iM'r|)cii(licu. Ohio, i;. hy liiir Sandy river, S. hy l.awreliee. I;ir liill of l.'i liet. W. hy rie'minn-, and N\V. hy Lewis; leiiirlli (Jjj llll.WV i( 'jl, t. Ilampshirr ro. .Mass. Q() 43 ni. mean width II. Pop. r>,b,y,i. Chief in. II. I'r«im Nurliiampton, 7") W, from llostnn. town, ( Jreeiin|)shiir2'. I'liji. ^IH. <;Ui;i:.\rrsiM l{(i, v.and nent of jnsfico, (i|{ KKNWICIf. t. Knirfiejd co. Ct. on I/)ne (I'rermip eo. Ken. on the Ohio river, ahovc the; Island .'^oiiiiil, in SW. r'orner of the sfute, j | month of l.iltie Sandy liver, and I:.*.") in. Nil. m. W'.SW. from .\orwalk,l.'( \VS\V. from Ntw hv 11. from I.exin^Mon. I,ut. 'M^ 37' N. ; Ion. from \V. .'J ' Is' \V. <;in;i:.\VIM,i:, t. <;reenn ro. N. Y. on Haven. I.at. IP I' N. I'op. ■V".'). (;Ki;i;\\VI('ll,t. Washinirton co. N. Y. « 111. \V. from Salem, .'17 i\. from Allmny. I'op. Calskill enek, II m. NW, frf)in .Athens, i2,> S. ;.'),^.")(l. It eontaiiis *J houses of piihiic worship, (iom Alhany. Here is an ;ie;ideiny. II lorConjrreLrationalisls, and I liir llaptisfs ; an 0|{ l';i').\VI I,M;, t. S( rset eo. Pa, latiiduiiiy, a distillery, and extensive cotton and (iUllMW'll.l.i;, eo. \a. homided hv N. ('. woollen mamilaetorii s. S. Ilrimswiel,, \V. Dinwiddie WV. Sussex | ( JU Ki:\\\ K'H, I. CumlH'rlaud co. N. J. 10 NI']. and Seiiihamptoii M. ; leii}jlh '.'".', width m. SW. from niid-fiton. Top. !)t)ll. Mm. Chieftown, Hieksiord. I'op. lb:.MI, (it<.lH; (JKI'ir'-WVICII, t. .Sussex co. N.J. on the la'M), 7,1 17. Delaware, ."i m. NK. from Kaslon. Pop. !»,710. CRKK.WIM,!';, V. AuL--ust,a to. Vii. 10 m.| (IKKIINU Kll, t. (Jlomester co. x\. J. on SSW. ti-om Stiiimtoii, and l.'Ki m. N\V. hy W. ! K. side ol' tiie Dela'vare, (i m. S. from Pliila- from Iv'ielimoiid. jiklpliia. Pop. ;{,IM)(). (;|{i;i':\VII,l,l';, l.and eap. Pitt CO. N.(M (ilM'lKNU l( ll,t. Iterksco. Pa. Pop. 1,104. on the S. bank of'l'ar river, 110 m. from ( >ere- j (iU V.V.SW H\\, llast, t. and cap. Kent co. cock inlet, iJ7l) from Waslunj,'fou. It contuin8|H. I. on N\V. |)nrt of Narragnnsct Hav, Ifl ni. a court-house, jail, and aeiulem}'. IS. from Providence, '2i NM\V. from Ne\v|)ort. (JiJKIl.NVli, 1,1!, district, in the N\V. part ' Poj). I,r)l)l. It emitains a court-house, a jail, of s. c. p,ip. i(;,i7(; (ilJI'IKW IM/i;, Land cap. (Irei-nville co. S. I', on Reedy river, 110 m. N. from Augusta, i pkiec of some trade. an academy, and '2 houses of puhlie worsliij), 1 l()r Presbyterians, and 1 for Friends, and is a • Jeo. 110 from ('olumlmi. The iiir is cih^I and healthful, and many [mtsoiis from the low country of ('aroliua and (ieorifia reside here in summer. (iRKHWILI.K, t. l»ariin-rtnn co. S. C. on the \V. side of (Jre.it I'edee river, 'ui KNI'l. from Camden, !M) W,. from Columhiis. (iHKKNVII.M:, t. and cap. (Jreen co.Ten. on the head waters of I'Veneh IJroad river, M 111. \V. from .loneshoro', HI K. from Kno.wille, •J7.'{ from Nnshvilie, If)! from W. 'I'lie villajje eontnins a court-house, jail, printiiifr-olViee, Presbyterian meeliiifj-hoiise, and about lot) dwelliiijT.hoiises. A fi'W miles .S. of the vi!laL,re is (Jreeiiville collei^re, a llomishinjj institution, incnr|M)ratod in 17!)4. It has n library of about '1000 volumes. Connne ncemcnt is on the third Wednesday t)f Sept. (iREENVILM'',, t. mid cap. IMiihlenburfr CO. Ken. ;15 m. ^'l\W. from Hussehviile, IHO from I.exinjrton, 177 from Frankfort, and "l.'i from W. Pop. iilt). (iHMFNWICH, West, t. Kent co. R. I. on W. side of East (Jrei invieh, i!0 ni. SW. from Providence. Poji. 1,^17. ( ; l{ I'lEN W( )< )l), t. 0.\ford CO. Mc. Pop. (;n4. (; RE EN WOO I), t. Mifflin co. Pa. W. of the Siisipiehaiinali. Pop. I,0!)7. (;REE.\W0(H), t. Cumkrland co. Pa. on W. side of the Sustpiehannah. Pop. 1,300 < ; R E( JSTt )W N, V. Somerset co. N. J. on the .Millstone, ti 111. NE. from Princeton. (;RIERSUi;R(;,.t. Ueavcr co. Pa. Here is an ae:\deinv. (JRIM.SIIOYS, t. Fauquier co. Va. (JUINDS'PONE FORI), v. Claiborne co. Mis. I,i>iam. from W. (iROS ISLE, island of the territory of Mi- cliinan, in Detroit river, near its discliarjfe into Lake Erie. tJROTON, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 10 m. S. by W. from Danville, 20 E. from Montpelier Pop. h:u\. <;R0T0N, t. Tompkins co. N. Y, Cl.U— IIAC 281 frrttoii, .Miwi. irk «•(). ( Miio, troll) ('oluin- N. Ill Aui;. re Ity irnicr.il will) tilt In- iiiidcd on tlir \ liy 1 1 10 rivrr liy Kli/iilictli- nil the islamt-i ll((". It nulls III piirlliimint. iliiilary "1' tlir iniiini; I*'. i>;ist Imivc its nioiitli a jM-riiciKlicu. rr CO. Mass. 2H '. from IJoston. pn. Ct. on Lone ){• tlir utiitr, 1 1 S\V. t'roiii Ni w .V(ir>. toil ro. N. Y. w Allmny. I'i>i'. piililic worsliip, lor Hajitists; ;m isivc cotton and mid CO. N.J. 10 I. !i()(l. (1. N. .1. on the tun. Pop. 'J,TUI. Iir CO. N. J. on . S. from riiila- Pa. Po].. 1,104. |i(l cap. Kent CO. iiisd Uny, H' m- 1. t'loin Ncwpirt. jirl-lionsr, a jail, |iiiMic worship, 1 friends, and is a tent CO. R. I. on Id ni. SW. from [o. .Mc. Pop. (■)n4. to. Pa.W.ofthi^ Irland co. Pa. on I'op. i,3oa It CO. N.J. on the liccton. bo. Pa. Here is I CO. Va. V. Claiborne co. territory of Mi- Ir its discharge Vt. lOm.S-by [am Montpelier N. Y. ({ROTON. t. <;ra»loii co. N. H. i) ni. W. from Plymouth. Pop. G^ii. Hen; ii an iron furniice for ('aHlinij hollow ware. (;R()T«)N, t. aiiddlrm X CO. Mass. 10 ni. S. from Amhernt, 31 NNV. iroin IJoston. Pop. 14''i>'>. 'ITiis iH u very pleasant town, has an academy, and is a place of considerable busi. mus. (JROTON, t. New London co.('ton E. side of the Thames, opposite New London. Pop. 4,750. Fort (iriswold, which delinds the har- bor of New I/)n(lon, is in this town. fiROVEMILL, V. Wurrcn co. N. C. 75 m. NNF,. from Uali jkIi. GR()VI:L.\NI), v. r.ivintrston co. N. Y. on l^encsw river, .'10 in. !^\V. tVomCanandaipua. Pop. I, .100. Gl'ADALOUPE, on of the Leeward Carib- bee Islands, in the West Indies, lietwcen An- tigua and Dominica, in Ion. (t'2 ' W. and lat. Ifi' 'id' \. The island, which is of an irrrtf. ular figure, may be about 811 leapiies in cir- cuintbrencc. It is divided into two parts by a small arm of the sea, which is not above two knijues, and from lit to Id fathoms broad. This canal, known by the name of the Salt River, is navigable, but will only carry vessels of 50 tons burden. The soil is (.xceedinj^ly good, and well watered near the sea, by rivuhts which fall from tlic mountains, 'i'lie FrtMich -I'lticd in this island in IG.1^, in whose- [wsses- xiiii it still remains. Bassaterre is the ea|>ital. GUADALOUPK, r. of the republic of Me.x- ICO, in Texas, falls into tiic (iiilf of Mexico, aftrr a course of about ;20l) m. Its mouth is 180 m. W. from that of the .*. Rowan and Stokes W. Rockmghani N. and Orange E. L. ! (;riLF()RI),C.II.(iuilford co. N.C.48m. NVV. t'rom Hillslxiroiigh ; the scene of a hard |foiipht battle iKtween tlic Americans under j(«en.(ireene, and the British under Lord Com- wallis, .March i.'ith, ITHl. (aHLFORj) VILLAtiK, v. Strafford co. N. H. .'11 111. a little E. of N. from Concord. ClIfiL ISL.\NI), small isl. near the coast of N. C. in Pamlico Sound. (JCLL ISLES, (.'nut and Little, two small islands on the coa^t of Connecticut, 8 in. S. from New London. V,\m SPRINGS, V. Orange co. Va. t; UN POWDER, V. Baltimore co. Md. 50 m. from W. (aJNPOWDER.NECK, peninsula, Hart. lord CO. Md. formed by Gunpowder and Bush rivers. (a NPOWDER RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Chesa|HMke, 11 m. N. of the Patapsco. GUVAN1K)T, or (iuyandottt, t Cabell co. Va. 423 m. from W. GUVANDOT, Uip, r. Va. which runs NW. into the Ohio, 327 m. below Pittsburg. It is navififable lor canoes 60 m. (iUYANDtJT, Little, r. Va. which run» into the Ohio, GUYANDOT, Indxav, r. Gallia co. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite to Big Giiyandot, in Virpinia. GWINNETT, CO. Geo. Pop. 12,220. Law- rencnvillc is the capital. GWIN'S ISLAND, small island in Chesa- |icake Bay. Lat. 37= 30' N. H. HAANE-KRAI-KILL, small r.N.Y. which joins the Hudson on W. side at New Baltimore landing. HABERSHAM, co. Geo. Pop. 10,648. Chief town, Clarksville. HABOLICHETTO, v. Hancock co. Misa HACKETSTOVVN, t. Sussex co, N. J. on the Musconecunk ; 22 m. W. from Morriftowa- HACKINSACK. r N. J. which rise* in M *Zb'4 HAC— HAL New. York, uid ruiiiiiii(r a •uutiiLTly courm: 4 or T) inilri iVoni the lludMii, iiiiiiKliit with the I'liMiaic ill Nt-wiirk tuy. It In iiuvi(,Mlilr 15 III. 1IA(;KINSA(;I\, t. and cnp. Ilcrirrii ca N.J. on llif M.irkiiiNnrk ; :,»() m. WV. t'nini New York, '22:i from W. It coiit.iirma c' in. Sli^. from Northampton, HO m. VV. from Uonton. About B mile south of the meetin^f-hoiisi! there is ;> medicinal spring considerably resorted to. Here is a full in the river of about !iO feet, which is ovcrconie by a dam, 1100 fei.-t loiiij, and 'l\ feet liigh, iind by a eanal '1'2 rods long, with 5 locks. AI)out one-tiiird of tlie whole length of tlio canal is cut through a solid rock 10 feet deep, and near the locks more tlian 40 feet deep for 300 feet in length. Top. 1,185. IIADLEY, t. Saratoga eo. N. V. on W. side of the Hudson; 17 in. N. from Ilallston Spu. Pop. 82!). HAGARSTOVVN, t. and cap. Washington CO. Md. on Aiitirtam creek, '2^^ m. iWV. from Frederickfown, 71 iNNW. from Ilultimore, from W. 63. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a hank, and several houses of public worship. A great part of the houses are built of brick and stone. It is situated in a lerfilc tract of country, and has considerable trade. There are a number of mills in the vicinity, on Antietam creek. Pop. 3,h71. HAGUE, V. WcBtinorcland co. Va. 80 ni. SE. from W. HAGUE, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of Lake George; 22 ni. NE. from Caldwell. Pop. 721. TJiis town is noted for a remarka- ble knob, called Rogers' Rock, which rises from the water's edge to the height of 300 feet HAINA, r. St, Domingo, which runs north, and falls into Haiiia bay, 12 m. W. of the city of St. Domingo. tlALEY'iSUUllXiE,v.8uuthainptonco.V« IIAI.I'»FORI), V. Franklin co. Va. 150 m. SW l)\ VV. trom Richmond. M \l,i:VSnUK(;, v. l-nnniKburg ro. V«. MALIJI.VIAND, ro. of U. C. on l.oke On. tario. IIAI.DI.VIAND, CO. Niagara diiiUict, Up. |x>r ( 'aiiada. II.M.DIMANI), I. .Northumberland ca Lp. |K'r Canada, on l,aki' Ontario. IIAI.K'S \\l'.\ , iNlaiid in the gulf of Mtxi eo, iK^ar the: count of Florido. Ireut F'ulls, and 70 by land from the mouth of the river ; 30 in. .V from Tarboroiigh, 72 m. S. by W. from Ptlerj burg. Lai. 30^ 13' N. It is regularly laidoui, and contains a court-house uiid jail. The river is navigalile to this [ilacc for vessels of con siderabic burthen. A canal around the fulls of the Roanoke o|)ens the navigation for bu tcaiix, for more than 130 miles above tlic town HALIFAX, r. Florida, Hows S. about ,30 n. and empties itself into Miisquilo inlet. HALIFAX, t. Huckinghum co. Ix)wcr Canada, 45 in. SE. from Three Rivers. HAfjIF'AX, the cajiital of Nova-Scotia, ii< ill Halifax co. on a spacious bay, or harbor, called Cliebuctoo, which is open at all scacons of the year, is of a bold and easy entroncc, and will admit 1,000 of the largest ships to ride in safety. The entrance is completely defended by Fort George. The town stands on the VV. side of the harbor. Lon. 63= 35' W. ; lat. 44' 44' N. Pop. 15,000. HALL, CO. Geo. Pop. 11,755. Goinesviiic is the county town. HALL'S'KEY, isl. in the bay of Hondura*. Lon. 30" 10' W. lat. 1«= 10' N. HALF MOON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudson alwve Wutcrlbrd. Pop. 2,042. HALF-WAY HOUSE, v. York co. Va. 15 m. SE. from Williamsburg, and 23 NW. from Norfolk. HALF-HYDE BAY, on the W. coast of the island of Antigua, 2 m. S. from Reed point HALF-MOON BAY, u buy on the W. coaal of Jamaica, 2 m. N. from Orange boy. HALF-MOON BAY, on the N. coast of St. Christopher, 2 ni. SE. from Ragged Point. HALF-MOON KEY, isl. near the south coast of Jamaica, 3 m. ENE. of Portland point. HALFMOON KEY, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89'' W. lat. 17° 10' N. HAl,-HAM •.'M itliamptoiico.V« II CO. \'a. 150 m. iinburK «o. V». , C. oil l-oke f)n ara diNtricI, Up- inilKTland co. L'p. >. tlip KuU'fif Mm . Ix)n. 82=5'W.. CO. Vl. 50 in. S 1 CO. MuXN. 13 Ml 8E. from IJotton ro. I'n. on llii! K ',] ni. N. from H»t ,p. a8,03a. ciiicf ^p. 17,738. Clmi Halifax co. N.f. i» V. Itank of tlie Uo it Falls, nnd^ 70 by he river ; 30 m. .\. by W.ftom IVlen H rc(,'ularly laid out, and jail. "Tlu'_ river for vcKscU of coil lal around tlii! full» • navigation for bii lilcs above the town lldWH S. about 30 m isfpiitx) inlet. iii;ham CO. 1/OWcr hirec RivcrH. of Nova-Scotia, u lUH bay, or harbor, open at all seasons . catty entrance, and .pest ships to ride in |eonipletely defended n stands on the\V. 133 35' W.; lat.44' 11,755. Gainesville [he bay of Honduru. l)'N. loira CO. N. y. on tlic Pop. 2,042. V. York CO. Va. 15 T, and 23 NW. from Ion the W. coast of 1. S. from Reed point 1 bay on the W. coast I Orange bay. Ion Uic N. coast oi ffrom Ragged Point. I isl. near the south Ie. of Portland point. I isl. ill the bay of llat. n° 10' N. H.\I.LOWKM,. I Kenneheck w Me. on Kmnebfrk river, at the hrnd of the tide, 'i m. hflow ,Vu(jnsfi, .'il m. NK. from Portland. |,«t. W Uy N. Pop. 3.'»r)l. It id a (louriMh- in({ town, a place of considerable trade, and fxportii large quantities of beef, [wirk, pot ind |>earl nHhes, llour and lumlx r. 'I'lie river it navi(jabl«' to this pl.iee tor vesselM of l.")(> tons. MAr,l,<»Wr,l,l,. t. Prinee r,dwar. FIAMFI/rON, a port in the Bermuda iiL nnds, anil si-at of gov, 31,017 ; in 1830, 55,869. Chief town, Herkimer. HER K LVIER, t and cap. Herkimer co. N.Y. on tile N. side of the Mohawk, 20 m. E. from Utiea, 78 VV, from Albany, Pop. 2,486. The principal village is situated at a little distance troiii the entrance of West Canada Creek into the Moliuwk. Little P'lats, another consider. !iLle village, is 7 m. W. At this village there is a canal with 8 locks. Distance from W. 3;i2 m. HERMAN'S STATION, v. Ken. on a branch of Sandy r. 18 m. S. from Balclutha. . HERMITAGE, v. Prince Edward co. Va. £28 m. from VV. IIERMON, t Penobscot co. Me. 7 m. W. from iJanijor. Pop. 535. HERNDORSVILLE, t Scott co. Ken. 33 m. NE. from Frankfort HERON CREEK, creek, Mass. W. of Capo Malabar. HERRING BAY, bay, Md. on W. side of the Chesapeake, 15 m. S, from Annapolis. HERTFORD, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 8,541. Chief town, Winton. HERTb'ORD, t. and cap. Perquimans co. N. C, on Perquimans river, 15 m. NNE. from Edenton, 267 frbm W. HERTFORD, co. L. C. on the right side of the St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Or- leans. HEY, Poitit, the NW, point of Comptroller's ..Hi 290 HIA-HIL (i ' .. '1 Bay, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 215° 45' E.; lat. 60°11'N. HIAQUI, river of Mu.iico, in Sonora y Si- nalou, fullu into tlic ('iilf of (/ulilijrnia, alter a course of 400 rii. iMoutli at lat. 21 ^ 30' N. IIIATS'l'OWN, V. iMiiicliestx co. N. J. on the head of Mill-stone river, 13 in. NE. from Trenton. IIIBERNI.\, V. Callowiiy co. Miso. about 100 m. by land W. from St. Loui^. HiCKES' KEYS, inlets, in the bay of Hon- duras. Lon. 88^ 51' W.; lat. 17° 10' N. HICK.M AN, SW. CO. of Ken. on .Mississippi river, bounded N. by liravcs, E. by (/'alloway and M'Craken, and S. by the static of Tennes- see. Pop. 5,1 H3. Clinton and Columbus are tlio chief towns. HICKMAN, eo. East Tennessee, on Duck river. Pop. 8,13:2. CMiief town, Vernon. HICKMAN'S CREEK, r. Smith co. Ten. which falls into Caney Fork, ti ni. above its mouth. HICKMAN'S CREEK, r. Ken. whicli runs into the river Kentucky. HICKORY, t. Venang-o co. Pa. on the Alle- ghany, 90 m. NE. from Franklin. HICKORY, or Mount Pleasant, v. Wash- ington CO. Pa. 11 m. NNW. Irom Washington, the seat of justice for the county. HICKORY CREEK, t. on a smaU stream of that name, flowing into Caney Fork, branch of Cumberland river, Warren eo. Ten. 35 m. SE. by E. from Murfrecsborough. HICKORY FLATS, t. Madison co. Mis. HICKORY GROVE, Abbeville district,S.C. HICKORY GROVE, v. Ilenrv co. Geo. about 70 ni. NW. by W. from MilledgeviUe. HICKORY GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 53 m. W. from St Louis. HICKORY HILL, Beaufort district, S. C. HICKSFORD, V. Greenville co. Va. on the S. side of Meherin river, 6ii ni. S. from Rich- mond. HIGGIN'S POINT, NW. coas'. of America. Lon. 228° 25' E.; lat. 55° 27' N. HIGGINSPORT, v. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 4 m. below Ripley. Pop. 129. HIGHGATE, t. Franklin co. Vt. in NW. corner of the state, on Lake Champlain; 40 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 1,129. This town has iron works, and considerable trade in lumber. HIGHLAND, co. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 16,347. Chief town, Hillsborough. HIGHLAND, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 15 m. NE. from Zanesville. Pop. 820. HIGHLANDS, a mountainous tract in N.Y. through which the Hudson flows. The loftiest summits arc Thunderhill, St. Anthony's Nose, Sugar-loaf, Butter-hill, and Breakneck-hill. The passage of tiie Hudson through the Highlands is remarkably grand, being 18 miles. HIGHLAND CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, lon. 82° 22' W.; lat. 37= 32' N. HIGH PEAK, iieak of the Catskill moun- tains, N. Y. Height 3,487 leet. HIGH ROCK, v. Rockingham co. N.C. HIGH SHOALS, v. Clark co. Geo. HIGHTSTOWN, v. Middlesex co. N.J. on a branch of Mill river, by postroad 19 m. NE. from Trenton, and 25 a little W. of 8. from New linmnwick. HIGl'EY, t. St Domingo, 80 m. E. from St Domingo. Pop. 3,.'i00. HILL'S BAY, bay, in Chcsapcike Bay. Lon. 76^ 20' W. ; lat. 37° 32' N. HILL CREEK, r. Md. which runs intothe^ Potontac. Lon. 78^ 23' W. ; lat 39° 40' N. HILLHA.M, t Overton co. Ten. 699 m. from W. HILLIAR, t Knox co. Ohio. IHLLIARDSTOWN, v. Nash co. N. C. by postroad 70 m. NE. from Raleigh. HILLSBOROUGH, co. south part of N.H. bounded N. by Grafton co. E. by Strafford and Rockingham cos. S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Cheshire CO. Pop. 37,762. Chief town. Am- licrst. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. N. IT. ; 13 m. WSW. from Hopkinton, 20 W. from Concord. Pop, 1,792. HILLSBOROUGH, t Westmoreland co. New Brunswick. HILLSBORt^IIGH, t Madison co. Ala. HILLSBOROUGH, t Orange co. Indiana. HILLSBOROUGH, t Somerset co. N.J 18 m. N. from Trenton. Pop. 2,878. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Md. 27 m. SSW. from Chester, 79 from W. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Loudon co. Va. 8 iii. NNW. from Lecsburg, 51 from W. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Culpeper co. Va. 104 m. from W. HILLSBOROUGH, t and cap. Highland CO. Ohio, 36 m. W. by S. from Chillicothe, oi SW. from Columbus, and 441 from W. Pop. 564. HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Orange co. N. C. on the Eno; 30 m. NW. from Raleigh, 110 ENE. from Salisbury, 180 WNW. from Newbcrn. It is situated in an elevated, fertile, and healthy country, and contains a court, house, a jail, and an academy. Distance from W. 296 miles. HILLSBOROUGH, r. Florida, whicli runs into the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 81° 30' VV.; lat 28= 36' N. HILLSBOROUGH, or Espiritu Santo Tain- pa, bay, on the W. coast of Florida. It is the most spacious bay on that coast ; 60 in. from Lake George. liOn. 83° W.; lat 27 36' N. HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the N coast of Dominica. Lon. 61° 22' W. ; lat 15 42 N. HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the S. coast of the island of St. John. Lon. 62° 40 W.; lat 46° 10' N. • HILLSBOROUGH, v. Jasper co. Geo. 59 ni NW. from MilledgeviUe. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa on the U. S. turnpike road, almost exactly mid distance between Washington and Brownsville. 11 m. from each. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Franklin eo. Ton 60 m. SSE. from Murfrecsborough. IIIL-HOL 291 o, 80 m. E. from CO. Ten. 699 m. Westmoreland co. . Washington co. Pa d, almost exactly mid ,glon and Brownsvilk. HITJ.SBOROUdn, V. IMontgomt-ry co. II. 25 ni. NW. from Unadilla. HITJ.SBRIUGR, V.Halifax co. N. C. llfi m. NI'I. I'roni Uulcigl). HlLF,SI)AF,i:, 1. 1 oiiimbia co. N. Y. 18 m. SK. of tlio city of fliidwtn. Pop. 2,.') 1(5. IIIIJ/S S"'i'(|I{K, V. H.Midoljjh CO. N. C. about filt rn. W. from Kniciuh. lULLTON, V. Charlrs co. Md. H I r,r,.T( )]\ V. Charlc!. no. Md 14 m. from W. niLI/roN HEAD, island on the coast of S. C. near the mouth of S.ivnnnah river. Lon. 80-20' W.; lat. :W^ lU' N. HILTON HEAD, raix- on E. coaet of Trtiicli's Island, at going into Portland eii- tranre. Lon. tiiP W W. ; lat. 32^ 16' N. HILTON'S POINT, on Piscataijua river, the SE. point of the town of Dover, 1 m. from the sea. HILLTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. HINCHINBROOK, island of America, in Prince William's Jiwund, on which the Rus- sians have a factory. HINCIIA, V. St Domingo, at the mouth of Guayamueo, 64 m. NW. from St. Domingo, in N. lat. 19^ 3'. HINCHLNBROKE, Cape, on the NW. coast of America, at the entrance of Prince William's Sound. Lon. SIS^ 56' E. ; lat. 60= 16i' N. HINCHINBROOK, t. Huntingdon co. L.C. on the Province line, 40 m. SW. from Mont- real. HINCHINBROOK, t. Frontenac co. U. C. HINCHINBROOK LSLAND, isl. on the NW. coast of America, in Prince William's Sound, about 50 m. in circumference. Lon. 213= 50' to 214= 24' E. ; lat. 60= 24' N. HINESBURG, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 12 m. SE. froni Burlington. Pop. 1,669. HINESVILLE, v. Patrick co. Va. 280 rn. SW. by W. from Richmond. HINGHAM, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 14 m. SE. from Boston, 455 from W. Pop. 3,357. It lies on S. side of Boston harbor, is a very pleasant town, and contains several churches, a woollen manufactory, and a well-endowed academy. HINKLEY, V. Medina co. Ohio, about 100 m. N. from Columbus, HINKSON'S, t. Boone co. Miso. 102 m. W. from St. Charles. HINKLETOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa. 128 m. from W. HINSDALE, v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on Olean creek, 10 m. N. from Hamilton, on Al- leghany river. Pop. 919. HINSDALE, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the Connecticut ; 15 m. SW. from Keene. Pop. 937. HINSDALE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. NNW. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 780. HIRAM, t. Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from Paris, 160 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,026. HIRAM, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 517. HIWASSEE, r. in the country of the Cher- okees. It rises in Georgia, flows into Ten- nessee, and joins the Tennessee river about 12 m. SW. from Washington, near Hiwasjce garrison. HOBART POINT, the NW. iwint at the entrance into Port Houghton, on the NW. const of .America. Lat. 57 ' 17 N. HOBOKKN,v. Brrgrnco. N. .1. (m the Hud- son, 7 ni. aimvc New ^'ork. IKKCANl'M, r. Ct. which runs into the ( "onnceticut ut I .ast I lartford, a!id atlbrds many mill-scats. IRK'KHOCKIXC, r. Ohio, which rises in I Fairfield co. and runs into the Ohio at Troy, 1 25 m. below .Alarictta, 150 aliovc the mouth of I tile Scioto, and is navig.ililc tor Itoats to Athens, '40 m. from its mouth. It has a deep and still, j but narrow chunncl. Near it.s source, 7 m. N. ; of Lancaster, is a romantic cascade ol' 40 feet |)erpcndicular. It has a numhcr of mills enact- ed on it. Its chief tributaries an? Hush, Sun- day, .Monday, Margaret's, and Federal creeks. HOCKHOCKLXG, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Po]). 3,07! I. HOCK I NG, CO. Ohio. Chief town, Logan. Pop. 4,008. HOGANSnURG, v. Franklin co. N. Y.; 267 m. NNW. from Albany. HOGAN'S CORNER, t. Ulster co. N. Y. , 77 m. from Albany. HOGESTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. HOG ISLAND, isl. in Narraganset Bay, R. I. 2 m. in circuit; 2 m. SW. from Bristol. HOG ISIiAND, small isl. in Pamlico Sound, near the coast of N. C-. Lon. 76= 36' W. ; lat. 34= 56' N. HOG ISLAND, small isl. in the AUantic, near the coast of Va. Lat. 37° 30' N. HOG ISLAND, below Peach Island, is sit- uated in the Strait of Detroit, where it opens into Lake St. Clair. HOG ISLAND, island of Lake Champlain, forming part of Franklin co. HOKESVILLE, t. Lincoln co. N. C. HOLDEN, t. Worcester co. Mass.; 6 m. NNW. from Worcester, 46 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,718. HOLDERNESS, t. Grafton co. N. H.on E. side of the Merrimack ; 5 m. E. from Ply- mouth. Pop. 1,409. HOLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into tlie E. side of the Miami, in Montgomery co. HOLE IN THE WALL, v. Talbot co, Md. on E. shore : 7 m. S, from Easton. HOLE IN THE WALL, remarkable rock in the W. Indies, in the island of Abaco, Lat. 25= 50' N. HOLE TOWN, t Barbadoes. Lon. 58° 31' W. ; lat. 13= 12' N. HOLLA DA YSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. ; 3 m. SW. by W. from Frankstown. HOLL AN D, t. Orleans co. Vt ; 68 m, NNE. from Montpelier, Pop. 422, HOLLAND, t, Hampden co, Mass. ; 20 ni, ESE. from Springfield, 75 WSW, from Boston, Pop. 453. HOLLAND, New, t. Lancaster co. Pa, ; 12 m. ENE. from Lancaster, 54 m. WNW, from Philadelphia. HOLLAND, t. Erie co. N, Y, ; 20 m. SE. from Buffalo. Pop. 1,070, 202 IIOI^IIOI» HOLLAND ISLANDS, in Chesapcnkc «ny, Md. N. of Smith's IhIuikJ, and \V. of Fishinp Itay. HOLLAND'S POINT, cape on tlio coast of Mnrylnnd, in tlir (^hcH.ipoukc ; 28 m. S. from Annapolis. Loii. 7fP 40' W.; lat. 38° 42' N. HOLLRNniX'K'S, v. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 152 m. W. from IJostoii. HOLLEY'S CIJKKK, r. N. C. which runs into the Saiudn, Iw. 8P 29' W. ; lat. 34"^ 4' N. IIOLLIDAY COVF, v. Rrookc co. Va.; 30 m. W. from Wnshingfnn, !'n. HOLLINUSWOHTirS FARM, v. Ilabrr- sham CO. (iro.; 137 m. N. from Millcdprvilic. HOLLINSWORTirS FERRY, v. Madi- son CO. Va. MOLLIS, or Pliillipsbnrtr, t. York co. INIc. on the Snco; 42 nt. NNE. from York, 124 NNE. from Boston, 5G7 from VV. Po-i. 2,273. HOLLIS, t. Hilislioroiieh co. N. H. ; H m. S. from Amherst, 40 NVV. from Boston. Po]). 1,.501. HOLLISTON, t. !\Iiddlcscx co. Mass.; 27 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,304. HOLLOW, V. Dutchess co. N. Y. HOIAIES, t. Oxford co. Me HOMER, t. C'ortlandt co. N. Y. on the Tiouphniopn ; 20 w. S. fi-om ( >nondaga, 145 VV. from Albany. Pop. .3,306. HOMEF{, t. Athf-nH ro. Ohio. Pop. G36. HOAIOCHITTO, r. Mis. which runs SW. and flows into the MissiKsippi between Adams and Wilkinson ros. above Fort Adams. IIOXD.A, Boy of, on tlic coast of S. Ameri- ca, in Santa Miirtba. Ix)n. 71° 6' W.; lat. 12^ N. HONDA BAY, bay on the N. coast of Cuba, 70 m. W. from Havana. Lon. 83° 25' W. ; l:it. 22- r>^' N. HONDA BAY, bay on the E. coast of Hon- duras, N. of Cape (Gracilis a Dios. HONDO, r. ;\Io.\iro, in Texas, which runs SSE. and rntors tin b,iv of Mexico. HONDURAS, t. C'liba, K3 m. NE. from Baynmo. Lon. 76^ 4' W. ; Int. 2P 21' N. HON DUR AS, province of (iuatimala, bound- cd N. by tlio bay of Honduras, W. by Vtra Paz, E. by the Caribbean sea, and S. by the province of Nicarajjua. It is 390 miles long from E. to W. and 1.50 from N. to S. They have three crops of maize in the year. Honey, wool, cotton, wax, mahofrany, and lojj-wood, HOLMES'S HOLE, a safo and commodious with other dyeing' drujjs, are its chief products. harbor on N. side of Martha's Vineyard, in the township of Tisbury ; 80 m. SSE. from Bos. ' ton. It is tbrmed by West and East Chops ; the former of which is 2^, and the latter 2 m. from the head of the harbor. The points are 2i m. apart. The depth of water is from 3^ HONDURAS, Bay of,a hr^e^ bay of North America, formed by the coast of the province of Honduras on the S. and that of Yucatan on the VV. It is well known from the settlements which the British have made in it, for the cut- i'mp; down of mahogany and dye-woods. The to 8 fathoms. From 20 to 70 vessels hound to! princijial is the town of Balizc, on the coast of Boston, or the eastward, are frequently seen ~ here wnitinjr for a fair wind. From about 1,000 to 1,200 sail anchor here in the course of a year. HOLMESBURG, t. Philadelphia co. Pa.; 9 m. NE. from Philadelphia. HOLMESVILLE, t. Pike co.Miso. Pop. 71. HOLSTON, r. Tennessee, which rises in Virginia, runs SW. and joins the Tennessee 22 m. below Knoxville. It is 200 ni. long, and navigable for boats of 25 tons 100 m. HOL'T, Isle of, or Haute, ial. on E. side of Penobscot Bay, Me.; 18 m. E. from Owl's Head. I,on. 58° 40' W. ; lat 44° 4' N. HOLT'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the river Kentucky, lon. 94° 18' W.; lat. 38° 37' N. HOLT'S STORE, v. M'Minn co. Ten. ; 157 m. from Murfreeeborough. HOLYOKE, mt Mass. in Hadley; 3 m. ESE. from Northampton ; 830 feet above the surface of the Connecticut river. The top of this mountain affords an extensive and beauti- ful view of the surrounding country. In a clear day, one may here see the elevated peaks of New Hampshire, the Catskill Mountains of New York, and the river as far as Middle- town. On the W. side there are basaltic col- umns similar to those of the Giant's Causeway, A road has been made to the summit of the mountain, and it has become a place of resort for parties of pleasure, and admirers of natural scenery. HOME, district, U. Canada, comprising the counties of York and Simcoe. Yucatan, at the mouth of Balize river. HONDURAS CAPE, or Punta de Custilla, cape, on the E. side of the Gulf of Honduras. Lon. 8fi='16'VV.; lat. 16^ N. HONEYVILLE, v. Shenandoah co. Va. HONEY CREEK, Ohio, which runs into Sandusky river, 15 m. from Upper Sandusky. HONEY CREEK, Ontario co. N. Y. outlet of a lake of the same name. HONEY CREEK, In. runs into the E. side of the Wabash, below Fort Harrison. HOOKSETT FALLS, and v. Merrimack CO. "N. H. 8 m. below Concord. Pop. 880. HOOKSTOWN, v. Beaver co. Pa. HOOKSTOWN, V. Md. 6 m. NW. from Baltimore, and on the road to Reisterstown. HOOKSTOWN, Greene co. N. C. HOOKSTOWN, Talbot co. Md.; 3 m. N. from Easton. HOOPER'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Bedford CO. Ten. ; 70 m. southwardly from Murfrees- borough. HOOPER'S ISLAND, E. side of the Chesa- peake, in Dorchester co. Md. ; E. of the mouth of the Patuxent. HOOSACK, one of the most elevated sum- mits of the Green mountain range, in Wil- liamstown, Berkshire co. Mass. HOOSACK RIVER, rises in Bennington CO. Vt. and falls into tlic Hudson, 8 m. above Waterford. HOOSACK, t. of Rensselear co. N. Y. ; 30 m. N. of Albany, on the EL side of Hudson river. Pop. 3,582. HOPE, t Gaspe ca L. C. on Chaleur Bay. nop— Hou 203 sideoftheChesa- E. of the mouth s in Bennington idson, 8 m. above on Chaleur Bay. HOPE, t. Durham co. U. Canada, on Lake Ontario. HOPE, t. Wnldo po. Mc; 35 m. NE. from Wisc.isst. Pop. 1,.';41. IIOI'R, wnull isl. Rhode Island, in Narrn- gan-ipt Ray. WorK, t. Hiiinilton ro. N. Y. Pop. 781. IIOPK, t. Sussex ro. \. .1. llOPi'I, Iwv, on th(! XW. roast of Amrrica. j F,nt. l P .1.T N. HOPE, t. Wnrrcn co. .\. .T. a snail Morn-' vim srttlfnicnt, xJ:J m. N R. of KuRton, P;i. ■ HOPFiDAr.K, one of th.-; missionary settle, j monts of tlic United Mrethreii, oii tlio coast of Labr idnr, S. of Okiuik. n0Pt:FIKl.I),t. Pliillips CO. Arkansas Tcr-l rilnrv, on the .'Mississippi, opi>0'ilc (^liickiisaw' Blutls. HOPEWEIJ,, t. of New Brunswick, in Wc'Ptmoreliind co. on anniall river flowing into the Bay of Fmidy. HOPEWELL, V. Ontario co. N. Y. between Canand:iic:un and Geneva. Pop. :J,i2n2. HOPEWELL, t.Cuml)erland co.i\.J. Pop. 1,9,5.3. HOPEWELL, t Hunterdon co. N. J. on the NE. side of the river Delaware; 14 m. E. of Princeton. Pop. 3,151. HOPEWELL, t Washinjrton co. Pa. about 14 m. NW. by W. from W. HOPEWELL, V. York district, S. C. HOPEWELL, t Licking co. Oliio. Pop. 999. HOPEWELL, t. Perry co. Ohio ; 5 m. x\. from Somerset Pop. 1,510. HOPEWELL, t. Muskingum co. Ohio ; 10 m. from Zanesvillc. HOPKINS, CO. Ken. Pop. .'5,763. Chief town, Madisonville. HOPKINS, Point, cape on the NW. coast of America. Lat 53= 5' N. HOPKINSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ohio. HOPKINSVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. Christian eo. Ken. The public buildings arc a court-house, jail, and an academy. Pop. 1,263. HOPKINSVILLE, t and cap. of a county in Missouri. HOPKINTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H.; 7 m. W. from Concord, 27 N. from Amherst, 58 1 WNW. from Portsmouth. It is a valuable I agricultural town. Here is a handsome vil-| lage. Pop. 2,474. | HOPKINTON, t Middlesex co. Mass. ; 42 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,80D. HOPKINTON, t. Washington co. R. I. ; 28 m. W. from Newport, Pop. 1,777. HOPKINTON, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. ; 37 m. E. from Ogdcnsburg. Pop. 827. | HOPPENY CREEK, r. Pa. which runs NE. into R branch of the Susquehannah, about 14 m. above Tunkhannock creek. HORN'S ISLAND, small island near the coast of S. C. HORNELLSVILLE, t. Steuben co. N. Y. HORNORSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Vn. HORNTOWN, V. Ace^man co. Va.; 16 m. S. from Snowhill. HORN ISLAND, on the coast of Missis- sippi, W. of Dauphin Island. It ii 17 milca long. HORRY, district, .'^. C. Pop. .5,.'J23. Con- wavlKiroiigli is ijie capital. HOFfSKNKCIv, HI SW. part of Grernwieh, (^t. ; 3'J in. \K. from N'l'w York. A 'il'vuly b.ttle \v;iK lonirht Iuto between the Indiiiim anil the Diiteli, in ir. liOl{;'.i;.\i:CI<, V. INsex \. .1. on S. side o.' tlie l';iis;,ic; 4 ni. SW. froii Puterson. FIOKSi:\i:CK, .a[H-, .\. side of Long Isl- nii'l, \V. oi" Huntinn^don liarlior. nOf{,Si: ^IU)F., t. Kan.lolph co. Vn. HORSHA.M, t. .Montgomery IcagucH SK. from Mexico. l,on. !)j^ It' W.; lat. 16^ l.T N. HUBBARD, t. T;'iiiubull co. Ohio, 16 m. SE. from Warr.n. Pop. \,Wr>. HUBBAKDSTOWN,!. Worcester CO. Mnss. Pop. 1,()74. It is situated on a brunch of the river Ware, 4.') m. W. from Boston. HIJBBARDSTOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 10 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. b(!5. HUBERT, Seigniory, Quebec en. L. C. HUDSON, city, [Kirt of entry, and cap. Co- lumbia CO. N. Y. is (iituatcd on the E. bank of the Hudson river, which is navigable to this place for the largest ships, 2lt m. S. from Al- bany l.'}0 m. N. from New York, and 3.")'> m. from W. Lat. 42° 14' N. Pop. .'■),:J!I2. The site of Hudson is a high point, projecting into the river. The city is regularly laid out, the streets are spacious, and cross each otiier at right angles. It contains 1 bank, 4 printing- offices, and 4 houses of public worship, for Friends, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Epis- copalians. ' It is a ]>Iacc of considerable trade and manufactures, containing establishments for the manuficture of cotton and woollen, calico printing and bleaching. Tiierc are 4 newspapers published here. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y. one of the best for navigation in America, rises in the moun- tainous region, W. of Lake Champlain, and pursuing a straight course a little W. of S. for more than 300 m. communicates with the At- lantic, below New York city. It has three re- markable expansions, Tappan bay or sea, Ilav- erstraw bay, and a third between Fishkill and New Windsor. Its only large tributary is Mohawk river. The otJier waters flowing into it arc mere mill-streams. HUDSON, V. Caswell co. N. C. HUDSON, t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. from Ravenna, 23 m. SE. from Cleveland. HUDSON'S BAY, a large bay of North America, extending from Ion. 78° to 95° W. ; and from lat. 52° to 68° N. The Hudson's bay company have several Bcttlemcnts and torts, especially on the west coast, where their agents carry on a traffic with tlu^ Indians for boaver-skins, and other valuable furs. HUDSON'S HOUSE, one of the Hudson's bay company's factories, in N. America, on the Saskatchawine. Lon. 106° 27' 20" W.; lat. 53° 0' 32" N. JIUDSON POINT, cape, on the W. coast of N." America, a little within the entrance of Admiralty inlet, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 33' E.; lat. 48° 8' N. HUDSON'S STRAITS, the narrow w>a be tween th(! Atlantic oiu'un and Hudson's buy, .\. of Luiirador. IiriJI'TTA, eitv, Mexico, 210 m. Ni:. from Mexico. Lon. 27 1^ I.T W. ; jut. 22' 35' N. in'(;ilSVILLi;, V. Patrick co. Va. lirLI.N(;SBrR(;, v. Armnlrong co. Pn. HULL, t. York co. Lower Canuda, on Dt- tawa river. .HILL, t. Plymouth ro. Muss, on the S. sidi- of Boston iiarbor, !l m. E. from Boston, 3li ni. N. from I'lvniouth. Pop. l!l(). HULL'.S CROSS-ROADS, v. Harford co. Md. II UMBER, r. Newfoundland, which fails into tlie gulf of St. Lawrence, through the Bay of Ishiijds. ilUMBER, small river <..'U. C. in York co. fills into Lake Ontario, a short distance W. ol' York. HUMBERSTONE, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on lake Erie. HUME, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 051. IIU.MMELSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa.oii Swetara creek, 10 m. E. from llarrisburg. HUMPHREYS, co. W. Ten. Pop. 6,l?n Chief town, Rcynoldsbnrg. HU.MPHREYSVILLE, v. in Derby, New- Haven co. Ct. on the Naugatuck, 4 m. aboM' its confluence with the Ilousatonnuc. Here are a woollen factory, cotton factory, and scm ral mills. At this place, merino sheep wcri first introduced into the I'nited States in 1801, by general Humphrevs. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Union co. S. C. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa. HUNDRED CREEK, r. Va. which runs into .lames river. Lon. 77° 16' W. ; lat. 37 10' N. HUNGERFORD, t. U. C. in Ha.'()V, f. and r:i[». Ilimtiniidon CO. Pu. on llio N. Ni. from I'lttslmrg, iBt) in. W. from riiiladclphia, \[H from \V. Hl'N'l'INCDON, V. liirn.ll co. Ten. HL'NTI\(;iM)\. t. AdaiiiH co. (Hiio. HUNTINt; Sor.NI), c-lmiiii. 1 oil I In- coast of S. ('. bi'twiTii Core bank and tlic main. III'N'I'INIJ'I'ON', f. t;bitiin(l(n co. Vt. l.j m. SK. from Uiirliiiifton. Pop. [):i[), niINTIN(iT().\, t. rairtlcld co. Cl. on the lloiisatonnuc, which NC|iariitf8 it from Derbv. 17 III. \V. from Xcw.lluvcn. Poji. l,;i(;:». II('\'i'lN(;T()N, t. SiilVnlk CO. on I^jnjr. Island, N. Y. 1(1 in. H. from New York. ro|i. 5,5M2. It extends across the island from the liriiON, r. Ohm, wliieii rum* into Luka Kric, t; 111. K. from .Sumlu ';y bnv. IH'KON OF ST. (L.Mft, r. Michigan ter- ritory, wliicii issues t'rom a chain of miiall lakes ill the iirij>lilM)rli(HHl of Pontiae, and tlowa into Lake St. Clair, aliont *J)I in. iiliove Ditroit. I iri{0.\(»ISri'i;KIOI{.r..N\V. Territory, u liieli runs into l.uke Superior, and is GU yarda wide at its iiioutii. III'KO.N, CO. Ohio, iKHinded on the N. by F.ake Mrie, ]•]. hy Cuyahoga and Medina cos. .S. iiy Hiclilaiid, and \V. hy Sii of I'ire-lands. Chief town, .Norwalk. Pop. IXH't. liri{ON, t. Iliirim CO. Ohio, on the lako shore ; distance 47 in. westerly from Cleveland, and 1 l(t \. hv i;. from Cohiinbus. Pop. 4S0. ' in KRK AM'; SIIOAI.S, V. Jackson co. ItJcd. Itl 111. NWV. from Millcdi;eville. lllKinCANi:, t. I.iiieolueo. Miso. ! IIII'I'T* ».\SV1I,I,K, V. Kaiulolph co. Va.on I Koarinjj creek, and on the roiid from ('larks- sound to the Atlantic, and contains ;"» houses ( burL' to Heverly, 'l."> in. SSll from the former, of public worsiiip and an academy. Thevil.j IIYAN.NI?}, bay of Mass. Harnstuble co. l.iije of Huntington is built on a hay which sets up from the Allaiitie ocean, iK'tween Yar- wLs up troin the sound between Kalon's neck i mouth and |{arnstablc. IIYA.NNIS, t. on Hynnnis bay, Darnstable CO. Mass.; !I7 in Sl'L from Hoston. IIYAT'I'STOWN, V. Montgomery co. Md. on the road from Fredericktown to W. ; .'1.3 in. NVV. from the latter, and 15 SSFO. from the loriiKT. It is u small village, of a single street of about 30 houses, along the main road. HYDF], CO. on the coast of N. ('. Pop. (),177. Lake lianding is the seat of justice. HYDK PARK, t. Orleans co. Vt. 34 ni. N. from Moiit|)elicr. Pop. 373. HYDE PARK, t. Dutchess eo. N. Y. on Hudson river, 8 ni. above Poughkeepsie. Pop. ""'"hYDK park, V. HaUfax co. N. C. 79 m. NE. from Raleigh. I. IBERL\, NeiD, v. Louisiana, in the district of Atfakapas, 200 m. W. of New Orleans. IBERVILT-E, or Rayou Manchac, r. La. one of the outlets of the Mississippi. It leaves the main stream at Manchac, 20 m. below Baton Rouge, and after an E. course of 20 miles, receives Amite river; thence its course is SE. 40 miles, until it joins Lake Maurepas. It is navigable three months in the year for vessels drawing 3 or 4 feet water, but during on the I'., and Lloyd's neck on tiie \V. On Kiiton's neck is a liirlit-house, IIHXTlNtJTON, V. Laurens district, S. C. III'NT1.\(;T0N, t. (Jaliia co. Ohio, 15 in. NW. from (;alliiK)lis. Pop. GJ.l. illlNTI.\(JTON, t. Ross co. Oliio, on the Scioto, 3 111. S. from ('hillieothe. Pop. .">!K). HUNTI\(iT(JN, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,u;.v m'NTINdlTnWN, t. Calvert co. Md. on Hiuitini; creek, 22 ni. Nf]. from Port Tobacco, 40 III. Iroiii Aimai»olis. HUNTSBIJRC;, V. Franklin eo. Vt. near the line that divides this stiite from 1,. C. at the distance of about 12 in. E. of Lake Chuui- plaiu. IIUNTSBURG,v.Oeauga co. Ohio, 250 m. NE. from (x)Iumbus. HUNT'S MILLS, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. HIJNT.SVILLE, v. Surrey co. N.C. HUNTSVILLE, v. Laurens district, S. C. HUNTSVILLE, v. Otsego eo. N. Y. HUNTSVILLE, v. Robertson co. 'I'en. HUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. Alabama. HURIiEY, t. Ulster co. N. Y. HURON, one of the five great lakes, coin- nionly called the lakes of Canada. It is iu the form of a triangle ; the SW. and NE. sides of | the rest of thi; year, it is entirely dry, from the which are about 200 m. that of the SE. 110 .Mississippi to the mouth of the Amite river. m. It is almost separated into two lakes hy a chain of islands, extending from its NW'. to SE. side. This chain retains its Indian name of Manitoulin, or Islands of the Eeil Spirit. Lake Huron receives the discharge of Lake Superior, by St. Mary's strait ; that of 1,256 m. from W Lake Michigan by the straits of Michillimacki nack ; that of Nipcsing by the river du Fran- <;oi8, and discharges the accumulated mass into the river St. Clair. It is 1,000 miles in cir- cumference. IBERVILLE, CO. La. on both sides of the Mississippi, soutli from Baton Rouge. Pop. 7,050. IBERVILLE, t and cap. Iberville co. La. on the .Mississippi ; 100 m. above New Orleans. ILLINOIS, r. II. is formed by the union of the Kankakee and the Desplanes, and travers- ing the state in a SW. direction nearly 400 m. joins the .Mississippi in Ion. 90'' 18' W. ; and iat. 38^ .'iS' 23" N. 1 8 m. above the Missouri. It u iM iJllO ILI^IND l^'h r ^■\'l lupf' ; : I* 400 yardh wulc at iU iiioulh, hua a j;eiitle INDIANA, one of the U.S. Sec pujfe 13'J ciirriiit, unliroliiti l)y ra|(i(lH, und i» iiuvigablm INIUAN.M'OLl.S, t. .Marum ro. and cb(», Jbr ImwIh tlintuirlioiil iia LourHi.'. It m propound of liidiuna, nituatt'd on tin- wmt bank of While to toiiiicd llir l>c»|ilaiai( with the ('liicaj{o, u rivir, in tlie cintn.' of uuv of Ihr inont «xt« n. rivrr olMii liigiiM, hv a ciiMol. |»ivi!aMd lirlili) IkxIhs of land in thrwiMlcrn Il.f.INOIS, oiii! of thf I'.S. Sc«; pajfi; 143. world; nearly central to the wtate, uiid at u II.I.LNOIS, r. ArkiinHUK, IIowh S. and joins jxiint ncccHHiblr by Hleani-bontii, in comnum the ArkanMaii, I hi. abovi! (,aniidiati river. On utaprn of thr Wnl>anh. No rivrr in .\mrric«, the bankH u (i w niilci Iroin its mouth anr salt nciordinif to itM ni/.c und extent, watem >rrenirr ■priniTH. jbwiieti of (erlile land, llinn U'hili- river. The ILM.NOI.S r. Arkanmis, on which !■ the cmuitry is Helliin:: nlsmt tliis town with umx. •cttkiiieiil of Dwiiflit. janipied rujiidily. Ilul a liw yearn hince, it wum INDKI'lONULNL'E.t. Alleghany CO. N. Y. a nolid and deep lorenl, where the surpriwd Pop. ^11, \ traveller now wees the biiildinirs of a nietro|Hi. INI)I;PI'NDENC;E, t. Warrcn co. N. J. lis, ronipnct streets and fninares of brick imild. Pop. t^,l^'(>. I in^rs, reM|M ctalile |iul)li(' buildings, inaniifarto- LNUKI'ENDENCE, t. Ciiyahopa co. Ohio, ries, meehanie hhops, printing-olhec h, but>iiiesi ro|). ^M.'). and biislle. Sueh is the present aH|Ket of INDEI'ENDENCE, t. and cap. Ilond eo. Iiidianapoli.'*, which contains tiOII hous* s, and 11. on K'askaskia river. ' 1 1,'JtlU inhaliilant.H. It will, jirobaiily, Is eoinc INDIANA, CO. I'u. l)ounded by VVestniorc one; of tin; I,iri;e8t towns between ('incmnati land S\V. Armstrong W. Jillcrson N. Clear- land the .Mississiiipi. field NE. and (;and)ria SE. Eenjitii .I'J miles, INDIAN-TOWN, v. Dorchester co. Md. breadth ii3. Top. 14,251. Chief town, In- 3 m. S\V. from Newmarket, diana. | INDIAN-TOWN, t. Currituck co. N. C. INDIANA, t. and cap. Indiana eo. I'a. 3G ')2 m. ENIl. from Edenton. in. SE. from Kittauinsr, 270 from i'hiladrljihiu. Pop. 433. INDIAN-TOWN, t. Williamsburg co. S.C. WEST-INDIA PRODUCTIONS. INDIES, West. This is a long chain of Islands, that stretch in the form of an arch or bow, between North and South America, from the Gulf of Florida, to that of Venezuela. They are called by some geographers the Co- lumbian Arcjiipclago. They have been called Antilles from the Latin ante insulas. They are often called Caribbcrs, and by the North Americans, the West Indies. They are divid- ed into the greater and less Antilles, and some- times into the windward und leeward islands. These i.slands, with the exception of Hayti and Margarita, belong to different European states, (•hioily to Great Britain, Spain, and France. Tlie four Great Antilles, namely, Cuba, Hayti, J.imaica, and Porto Rico, arc the Lirgest and most important. Some of the most considcra- I'lc of the {?aribbcc Isles, arc Guadaloupc, Mar- tinique or Martinico, and Barbadoes. The Ba- hama Islands are numerous, but not very im- portant. One of them, now cilled Cnt Island, is celebrated for being the first l^nd in America that was seen by Columbus. 'I'Uere are moun- tains on all the larger islands of this Archipel- ago. The highest arc on the west of St. Do- mingo, the east of Cuba, and the north of Ja- maica. Volcanoes have been observed in Gua- daloupc, and some other islands. Their gen- eral geological feature is abrupt transition from ^mountains to plains, marked by steep and craggy rocks. Coral and madrepore rocks arc I common on the different coasts. Cuba ''.iid the Bahamas are surrounded by labyrintlj-^ of low rocks, several of which are covered with ' palm trees. These islands are generally situ- ated under the tropic of Cancer, and there is very little difference in the climate ; so that the ob.servations touching one of them will generally apply to the whole. The ptriodical ' ruins, which give birth to the spring of the country, commence in May, and the brown of vegetation changes to a deep verdure. Tho 'periodical rains fall about noon, and cause a lu.Turiant vegetation. The medium st;uiding of the thermometer is 78° Fahr. These show- ers arc followed by the splendor of tropical L\D— LNU •^07 lumnipr. Tim iky ii nrarly cIoiiJIi'in, and thi; Ifaf of unv ipccivi oi' pdiii will ihade five or hi'jt would In! uIiiionI iiiMii|i|)ortal)l< , Ixit (or t'i<: nix mv.n. The paliiicttn, or tiiouiituin cubba|;o •ca brcu/c. 'I'ht: iikkhi ciiiitH a Uulit. by wli. Ii tree, ((ruWH VlUO llct lii(;li, uiid lis vcrdiiiit aunw a IHrmn cnn Hce to rcid the RtnullcKt print by itiit trcinbirs iVfxn the Mlii;li(riit hTvvw. A ni>,'ht. Tiio tin riiiomitrr now olli n risiM ab<»vi- 8|>li iidjrl van ty of the noblrnt trirn griicvn the 110', and HiiiriK'.itniir (.'itlniH aniioiinci; I'lc r> plantitiunH. • iiion, ornni^o iind |>nnir(rrunnto approach ol" the preut prriodicai r.iins. Fiery tr«t'» (Jcrfunio tin air with tin- umrnn ot" thiir cloud* nro nccn in the alrnoiiphcrf, alli' tin* tlowrr^, while tluir hranchrH an- i(Nid<'d with niountuinit oceni nearer, than at otlier tr. ^ truit. Tlu' iippl<'. |N'aeh and (,'ra|H! ri|Mii in 'I'lii^ ruiuM tiill in torrents. It i.<4 xaid, that n? tin niountainB. lln date, iia|M>ta, NU|K)tilla, mchei (ell in one year. Iron rutttx rapidly ;' nminniee, rrwu apple, niungo, 'lifferent wpccica humidity is trreat, and tlu; inlialiitantM live in of R[)nndinM and annonas, and inoHt of the ori- a kind ofva|K»r balli. The chinate iit then re- erital tropical trnits ripdi on the Hultry plain». luxing', unwholoHouie, and danirerouN tu a Ku- We Nhonid not iiute sp.iee to cniuneratc thu ro|N'an. I'utrid and yellow liver criHUeM, as Npletidid varietiiH ot't1oweriii<; NhniliN, opiintiu*, Miiiu Nay i'riiiu iniaNtiia, and others whitiiKieal- thittlos, and liam h. The |Mily|MMliiun arlx>renni, iy utiirni from lunar intlucnee. It is now (fcn-. ut a diNtunce, niiifht be mistaken lor the |mlin I rally believed not to l)o co[ita|rii>tiH, and leHM.trec, un account of itH lot\y trunk, and the (lanprouH on elevated, than marnhy districts. ' broad leaves on its Huminit. liipnunivifaa, The tein|M'rate /f)neof the Antilles eoinmenrTs wiiitera-eancla, einehnna eariU'a, wild vandia, ;it 1,4U() (eet above the level of the sea. The aloo, arnalto, and pimt nto are ull either indi- inountainH at an elevation of lOOl) li'et are fjenous, or eultivate(l here. 'I'he ijrnuinu and •aliji'ct to mists and rains. .Most of the wild ^ |N)tato, manioc and angola |)caH are thu food animals indij,'enou» to this climuto are of a ^ of the nc^'ro(!s. Suirar cane of the varioui tniallcr Hize. The Kcorpion is found only in sjH'cies is the well known and moot abimdanl the large islands. Ne£rro<'s are sometiines o.v. j production of these islands. No conHajTrution posod to the murderous bit(; of the cayman or, is more rapid or alarminj; than a fire in a dry iTocodilu. Parrots of various K[n'cies j,'litter I cane field, whieli frcipiently occurs. Two vu- ia the woods, and iuuumerabk; a(|uatic birds j rieties of the cotton, thu tureen seed and tiiu coiijjref(ate on the shores. Humming birds, i small seed, are thu most common kinds culti- il;irtiii;j ulon{f the briffht tlowers, vie in tluir | vat(,'d. The cotfee of the country is a native piumajfo with the tlowcrs, the emerald and! of Arabia Felix. It seldom bears before the ruby. All the tropical plants, shridis and tncsi third season ; sometimes not till the sixth. It are natives of this climate. A canoo nuidc never lasts more than 30 years, and frcciucntly from a single trunk of a cotton tree, has been! decays Ix fore that time. A single plant pro- known to contain a hundred person:) ; and tlie | duces from one to four pounds. TABULAR VIEW • -' OF THE PRINCIPAL WKST-INDIA ISLANDS. lielonging to Sq. mi. Pop. Chief towns. S ( Bahama i I < Providence > Britain 5,500 . s ( Abaco, &c J ^ f Hayti . . % Independent. . .28,000 . Cuba Spain 50,000. Jamaica Britain 6,100. I Porto Rico Spain 4,000 . Ltcioard Islandn. ' Guadaloupe France 675 . Antigua Britain 93 . Santa Cruz Denmark 100 . St. Christopher .... Britain 70 Dominica Britain . St. Eustatia Holland . Mariegalante France . . Montscrrat Britain , . Tortola, «fec Britain . . Nevis Britain . . St. Bartholomew . . . Sweden . Virgin G rda Britain. . St. Martin Holland . St. Thomas Denmark . Angiiilla Britain . . 2N Pop. 16,000. 935,000 . 704,000 . 386,000 . 225,000 . 126,000. 36,000 . 33,000 . 24,000 . 29.... 19,000., 22 14,000.. 90 12,000.. 78 8,000 . . 00 ... . 7,000 . . 20.... 11,000.. 60 8,000 . . 80 8,000 . . 90 6,000 . . 40.... 5,000.. 30 , . , 800 . . . . Nassau . . Port au Prince . . Havana . . Kingston . . St. Juan . . Basse Terre . . St. John's . . Santa Cruz , . Basse Terre , . Roseau . The Bay , . Basse Terre . Plymouth .Road Harbor . Charlestown . Gustavia 298 H9S)^ T^Kpi '' • B^P tK''^ IbIhKi ^m -< M If^ m P •3 C « HI Wm r*f U s C INJV-ISL TABULAR VIRVV— ronhnuet/. I'VU > ,:j \ f Windward Islnnds. Iti'loiigiii;:; to ' Martinique France 370 BarhmUx's Rritain Grenada Britain Trinidad Britain < St. ViiK'ont Pirituin St. Lucia Britain Tobairo Britain Margarita ( 'olonibiii. . . , CurJiroJi I fulland .... A\. ins. Pop. Cliicf towns. 370 . . ..102,000.. . . St. Pierre 106.. ..101,000.. . . Bridgetowii 110.. .. 20,000.. . . St. CJcorgc 1,700.. . . 52,000.. . . Port of Spain 130.. . . 25,000 . . . . Kingston 225 . . .. 18,000.. . . ( "arenage 140.. .. 14,000.. . . Scarborough 350 . . .. 15,000.. . . Asccn.sion 600 . . .. 12,000.. . . VVilliainstadt IiNJ)[l.STRY, t. Soimrsit co. Mc. l.'J in. W. from Norridjjewock. I'op. W'2. IN(;i.i:SVUJ-l':, v. .Vloiitfiomery co. Va. INTERIOR PARISH, v. La Fourcho co. La. IONIA, V. Onondago co. N. Y., NVV. from Salina, and 157 in. NVV. irom Albany. IOWA TOWN, t. NW. 'IVrritory, on E. side of the river Missibs^ippi. Lon. i)l° 15' W.; lat. 40° 30' N. IOWA, r. La. wliicli nms into the Missis. sippi, lat. 40° 38' N. IOWA, Upper, r. La. wliicii rinis into tiic Mississippi, 40 m. N. fmm Ouisconsin. IPSWIC"H,r. Mass. wiiicii rises in Wilming- ton, runs NE. and flows into Ipswicli liarbor. IPSWIOII, t. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass. 12 m. NNE. from Salem, 12 S8W. from Ncwburyiwrt, 27 NNE. from Boston. Lon. 70° 51' W. ; lat. 42° 41' N. Pop. 2,951. Here arc several churches for ("ongrcffationalists, and also a society of Baptists. The village stands on the N. side of Ipswich river, about a mile from its moutli, and contains a court-house and jail, a free grammar school, Aiix, St. Lawrence eo. N. Y. on the river St. Ijawrenee, 6 or 7 miles above the Rapid Plat. It is advantageously situated for ennnnandiiig the passage up and down the St. Lawrence. IRVILIiE, V. Muskingmu eo. Ohio. IRWIN, eo. (ieorgia, bounding Florida. II{WlNTON, t. Wilkinson eo. (ieo. 18 in, S. by W. from iVIilledgeville. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a Methodist meeting- house. ISAAC'S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 1 mile below Manchester. ISBELLS\ ll,LE, v. Todd co. Ken. ISINtiLASS, r. N. H. which flows into tiic C'hocheeo. ISLAND CREEK, t. Jeflbrson co. Oliio, ISLE AL'X NOIX, an island in Sorcl r. L. C. about 10 m. from Lake C'hami)lain. ISLEBOROUGH, t. Waldo co. Me. ISLE OF BEEVES, isl. N. America, in the Bay of Campcachy, 17 ni. long, and 8 hroiid. It is fi-rtile, and abounds in cattle and fruit.<. ISLE OF HOOKSKT FALLS, N. H. on the Merrimack, between Dunbarton and Clus- ter, 400 rods below the entrance of Suncook river, 8 m. above Amoskeag Falls, 8 .S. by E. from Concord. These falls are shunned by a canal, and a bridge is erected across the river at the falls, over which passes the liondondcrry turnpike. Here is a small village, containing a post-office. ISLE JESUS, isl. and .seigniory, Efiinghani CO. L. C. It is situated NE. from the island ot Montreal with an intervening channel of St, Lawrence river, ISLE OF ORLEANS, isl. eo. and srijrn- iory, L. C. in St. Lawrence river, connncncini; 4 m. l)elow Quebec. ISLE ROYAL, long island of Lake Su|x- rior, 100 m. long, and 40 wide in some plact>. ISLE DE ST. JOHN, Seigniory, Devon CO. L. C. on the SE. side of the St. Lawrence, 45 m. l)elow Quebec. ISLE DU PORTAGE, Seigniory, Comwal- lis CO. L. {'. on the SE. side of the St. Lawrcnct, 85 ni. below Quebec. ISLE OF SHOALS, a cluster of small islands near the coast of New Haiii|isliirc, 1h' tween Newburyprt iiud Portsinoutli, IkIoh!: ing (o New Hampsbire mid Maine. The \i « Hampshire [wrtion constitutes the townsliipol Gos|K)rt. They are barren heaps of sand ami rocks, with hardly a green sod u|X)n them, yti were once populous and wealthy. The inhab- itants live solely by fishing, and the Isle oj Shanls dun.Jish arc well known as the br>i cured cod in the world. They liave now about 100 inhabitants, and a light-house'has been re- ISL— JAC '21)9 Cliii'f towns. r?t. Pierre Ikidgotowi^ St. CJcorgc I'ort of Spuiu Kingston ( '!lVCllil7. JACI\S( )N, V. and scat of justice, Capo (Ji- rardeau eo. 12 m. NVV. from Cape (iirardcau, and about 10 in a direct line trom the Missis- sippi river, and 85G m. from W. Lat. 37= 26' ; Ion. from W. 12^ 20' W. JACKSON, CO. W. Ten. bounded S. by White, W. by Smith, N. by Monroe co. in Kent, and E. by Overton. Length 28 m. mean width 18. Cumberland river crosses this co. in an oblique (iirection from NE. to SW. Chief town, (Jainesborough. Pop. in 1820, 7,593; in 1830,9,902. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Madison CO. Ten. on tlie S. l)raneli of Forked Deer river. N. lat. 35 ' 58', and 198 m. a little S. of W. from Murfreesborough ; 8G1 from W. Pop. 11,7.50. JACKSON, V. on the IcR bank of Tonibig- bee river. Clarke eo. Al. 12 ni. below, and SE. from St. Stephens. JACKSON, NE. CO. of Al. N. of Tennessee river, bounded by Tennessee river SE. by De- catur CO. SW. and by Franklin and Marion cos. N. It is nearly in form of a triangle; 30 111. by a direct line along Tennessee river, an equal distimce on Decatur co. and an ccjual distance along the S. lioundary of Tennessee Cliief town, 15elle!bntc. Pop. in 1820, 8,751 in 1830, 12,702. JACKSt)N, CO. Mississipjii, on the gulf ot Mexico, at the mouth of the Pascagoula. Pop 1,789, of whom 321 arc colored. JACKSON, t. and caj). Feliciana co. Iiouis iaiia, on Thompson's creek, 12 m. W. of the Mississippi. Its public buildings are a court house, jail, and academy. Pop. 200. JACKSON BOROUGH, t. Colleton district S. C. on the W. side of Edisto river, 33 m. W from ('liarleston. JACKSONBOROUCxH, t. and cap. Scriven CO. Geo. on Hriar creek, ()9 m. NW. from Sa- vannah, .54 ni. SE. from Augusta, and 634 in. from W. JACKSONBURG, t. and cap. Campbell co. East Tennessee, N. of Kno.xville, and 543 m. from W. JACKSON'S MILLS, v. Harrison co. Va. .1 ACMvSON'S RIVER, Va. rises in the Warm Spring mountains, and flowing SW. is joined by (^owi)asture river, and forms .Taines river. Near its source is a iH'rpendicular fiill of 200 feet. ti 'm 300 JAC— JAM '); *J§I '.t JACKSON TOWN, v. Jackson ro. Al. JACKSONVILLPJ, v. Wood co. Va. JACKSONVILLE, or Telfairton, t. nnd cap Telfair co. Geo. 753 m. from W. JACKSONVILLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 18 m. NW. from Lancaster. JACOBSBURG, v. Bci-nont co. Ohio. Pop. 100. JACQUES CARTIER, r. L.C, which rises in some small lakes, in Ion. 71° 20' W. ; lat. 48° N. and falls into the St. Lav;renco in tiie seigniory of the same name. JACQUES CARTIER, seigniory, Hamp- fihire co. L. C. extending from the N. bank of St, Lawrence river, between the seigniory of D'Auteuil, and the Barony of Portneuf, cross- ing the rivers Jacques Cartier, Savonnis, and SL Anne. JAFFREY, t. Cheshire co. New Hamp- shire, 36 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 1,3.54. Here are found red and yellow ochre, alum, vitriol, and black lead. A company is incor- porated for the manufacture of earthenware. Grand Monadnock mountain is in this town. JAMAICA, one of the Weat-India islands. It is the third in point of size, but the first in point of commercial importance. It is 1.50 m. long, and 60 broad, but narrower towards the extremities, resembling an ellipsis. The Blue IMountains pervade this island from one ex- tremity to the other. The plains abound in excellont pasturage for cattle, and flourisiiing sugar plantations. The mountains near Span- ish Town are resorted to, on account of their mineral waters. Lead is the only metal found here. The summit of the highest mountain is 7,800 feet above the level of the sea. Sugar is the great staple of tliis island, and although much more abundant in some weasons than in others, is more uniform than in the other islands. But the colonists of late have directed their attention much to the cultivation of cotton. Pimento and ginger are among the products. The finest maJiogany abounds. The soap tree is common. The bread fruit tree has been transplanted here, and all the tropical fruits and productions come to maturity, pticIi v.s oranges, lemons, shaddocks, citrons, pome- granates, pine-apples, prickly pears, and many others. The plantain, which Jamaica, in com- mon witli the other West-India islands, pro- duces in abundance, is one of the most agrcca- able and nutritious vegetables ni the world. Jamaica contains three counties, Middlesex, Surrey, and Cornwall, The government is composed of the legislative assembly, and a governor and council appointed by the king. The chief towns are Kingston and St. Jago de la Vega, or Spanish town. The latter is the scat of government. Port Royal, once the largest town in the island, was destroyed by a tremendous earthquake. The population of the whole island is about 400,000 souls, of whom only 40,000 are whites. JAMAICA, t Windham co. Vt. .35 m. SW, from Windsor. Pop, 1,523. JAM.\ICA, v. Queens co. Long Island, N. Y. 13 m. E, from New- York. Pop. of the t, 2,376. The village contains an academy, and 3 or 4 places of public worship. JAMAICA PLAINS, in the W, part of Roxbury, ;\Iass. ; 5 m. SW. from Boston. They encompass a pond containing 160 acres, and arc remarkable for tlieir delightful scenery and elegant country -scats. jAMf]S BAY, the southern extension of Hudson's bay. It abounds with islands of va- rious extent, and reaches as far south as lat. 52° N, receiving a number of rivers, the prin- cipal of which are Albany, Moose, Hurricane, and East Maine, JAMES, island on the coast of S. C. be- tween Stono river, and Charleston harbor. JAMES CITY, CO. Va. between York and James river, and bounded by Warwick SE. James river and Chickihominy river SW. New Kent NW. and York river and York co. NE. Length 23 m, mean width about 8, Chief town, Williamsburg. Pop, in 1820, 3,161 ; in 1830, 3,838. JAMES CITY, v. Madison co. Va. JAMES ISLAND, small island in the river Ashley, 3 m. S. from Charleston. Lon. 80° W. ; lat. 32° 44' N. JAMES ISLAND, small island near the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76° 25' W. ; lat 38° 40' N. JAMES RIVER, r. Va. formed by the union of Jackson and Cowpasture rivers, -\t the point where it begins to break through the Blue Ridge, it is joined by North river. The flourishing towns of Lynchburg and Rich- mond stand on its banks. It joins the Atlan- tic in Hampton Road, at the mouth of Chesa- peake Bay. Its general course is S. of E. A 40 gun ship may go up to Jamestown, and by lightening herselt; to Harrison's bar, where there are 15 feet of water. It is navigable for sloops as far up as Richmond, and for b.i- teaux 220 m, above Richmond, opening a val- uable navigation into an extensive and pro- ductive country. JAMES RIVER, Arkansas, rises in the highlands a few miles S. of the Gasconade, and running SW. 200 m. during which course it receives Findlcy's river and other streams, enters White river 1,000 m. from its mouth. The soil on its banks is among the most fer- tile of any in the valley of the Mississippi. Lead mines occur on its banks 20 m. above the junction of Findlcy's river. JAMESTOWN, t. Newport co. R. I. on Canon icut Island, 2 m, W. from Newport. Fop. 414. JAMJCSTOWN, t. .Tomes City co. Va. on an island in James river, 32 m. above its mouth, 8 m. SW, from Williamsburg, 65 ESE. from Rielimond, This town was established in 1608, nnd was the first settled town by the English in the U. States. The town is now in ruins, nnd almost desolate; two or tliree old houses, the ruins of an old steeple, a church- yard, and faint marks of rude fortifications, are the only memorials of its former importance. JAMESTOWN, v. Guilford co. N. C. JAMESTOWN, V. Prince Edward co. Va. 1! t f! JAM— JEF 301 Icmy, and 3 or 4 on the Appomntox, 12 in. NE. of the court- house. JAM ESVILLE, v. Onondafro co. N. Y. in Manlius, 4 m. E. from Onondaga Hollow, 46 W. from Utica. ;AM ESVILLE, V. Clarendon district, S. C. JAQUES, or .Tames, r. La. which flows into the Missouri, ]')0 m. from the Mississippi. JASPER, CO. Geo. bounded S.. by Jones, W. by Henry and Newton, N. by Walton, E. by Putnam. Lcno;th 2.5 m. breadth 18. Fop. in 1820, 13,614; in 1830,13,131. Chief town, Monticcllo. JAUFLIONE, r. La. which runs into tlic Mississippi, Ion. DP 4.)' W. ; lat. 3\P 26' N. JAY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. N. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 196. JAY, i. Oxford co. Me. 21 m. NE. from Paris, 175 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,276. JAY, t. Essex ca N. Y, 141 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 1,729. JEAN RASEL, t. of St. Domingo on the sea-coast, 12 m. NR from St. Nicholas le Mole, Ion. 73= 20' W. ; lat. 19° 55' N. JEFFERSON, t. Lincoln co. Me. 28 m. NE. from Wiscassot, 200 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,074. JEFFERSON, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. SE. from Lancaster. Pop. 495. JEFFERSON, co. N. Y. bounded N\V. by tlie St. Lawrence, NE. by St. Lawrence co. SE. by Lewis and Oswego cos. S, by Oneida CO. and W. by Lake Ontario. Pop. in 1820, 32,952 ; in 1830, 48,515. Chief town. Water- town. JEFFERSON, t. Schoharie co. N. Y.48 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,743. JEFFERSON, t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,551. JEFFERSON co. NW. part of Pa. bounded N. by Warren and M'Kean cos. E. by M'lvean and Clearfield cos. S. by Indiana co. and W. by Armstrong and Venango cos. Pop. 2,225. Chief town, Biookvillc. JEFFERSON, v. Jefferson co. Pa. JEFFERSON, t. Greene co. Pa. Fop. 1,292. JEFFERSON, t. Washington co.Pa.l7 m. from Washington, Fa. JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Va. bounded NE by the Potomac, E. by Loudon co. S. by Frederick co. and W. by Berkeley co. Pop. 12,927, of whom 3,999 are colored. Chief town, Charlcstown. JEFFERSON, co. R part of Ohio. Fop. 22,489. Chief town, Stcubcnvillc. JEFFERSON, t Scioto co. Ohio. Fop. 5G6. JEFFERSON, t. Ross co. Oliio. Fop. 1,645. JEFFERSON, t Preble co. Ohio. Fop. 1,402. JEFFERSON, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,240. JEFFERSON, t Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 1,757. JEFFERSON, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Fop. 1,267. JEFFERSON, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 409. JEFFERSON, (. and cap. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Mill crrek, about 65 m. E. from Cleveland. Fop. 270. JEFFERSON, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. It is situated in Pickaway Plains, 3 m. S. from Circlcville, 16 N. from Chillicothe. Fop. 119. JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Ken. on the Ohio. Fop. 24,002. Cliicf town, Louisville. JEFFEIJSON, CO. E. Ten. Fop. 11,799. Chief town, Dandridgc. JEFFERSON, t. Rutherford co. Ten. 22 m. SSE. from Nashville. Near this town there is a mineral spring. JEFFERSON, co. central part of Georgia. Pop. 7,309, of whom 3,706 arc colored. Chief town, l/ouisville. Jcft'crson Baths, in tliis county, 12 m. NE. from Louisville, are much resorted to. JEFFERSON, t. Camden co. Georgia, on tiic Great Satilln, 56 m. SW. from Daricn. It is the seat of justice for the county. It is situated about 20 m. from the mouth of the river. JEFFERSON, co. Miso. bounded by the Mississippi river E. St. Genevieve and Wash- ington cos. S. Franklin W. and NVV'. and Mer- rimack river or St. Louis co. N. Length 30 m. width 25. Chief town, Herculancum. Pop. in 1820, 1,8.35; in 1830, 2,.586. JEFFERSON, t. and cap. Jackson co. Geo. it contains a court-house and a jail. J EFFERSON, r. N. America. It is a fork of the Missouri in the Rocky Mountains. JEFFERSON, co. of Mis. on the Missis- sippi river, bounded by that stream NW. by Claiborne N. uncertain on the E. by Franklin S. and Adams SW. Length 30 m. breadth 18. Besides the Mississippi river, this county is watered by Fairchilds and Coles creeks, in the centre, and by tlic sources of Honiochitto river, and Bayou Pierre, in the E. Fop. in 1820, 6,822; in 1830, 9,755. Chief town, Greenville. .JEFFERSON CI-TY, v. Cole co. Miso. on the right bank of Missouri river, 15 m. above the mouth of Osage river. JEFFERSON RIVER, NW. branch of the Missouri, joins Madison river at lat. 45° N. ; Ion. 30^ 4o' AV. from W. and forms the Mis- souri. A short distance liolow their junction, Gallatin's river enters the united stream from the SE. JEFFERSONTON, v. Culpeper co. Va. 20 m. N. from Culpeper. JEFFERSONTON, v. Ashe co. N. C. JEFFERSONTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Ken. JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Tazewell co. Va. on N. fork of Clinch ri-er, 50 m. NE. from Abingdon. JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Clark co. Indiana, on the Ohio, just alx>ve the Rapids, and nearly opposite Louisville, Lat. 38° 30' N. It is a flourishing town, and contains a lond oflice, and aI)out 130 houses. JEFFERY'S CREEK, r. S. C. which nms into the Great Fedee, Ion. 79° 29' W. ; lat. 34° 8'N. JEFFERY'S LEDGE, a sand-bank on the coast of Massacimsctts, between Cape Ann f. ^4|i|| ¥> .y,i'|H % liJ^ 'r(^ IMhH Yf ni^M m mU kli r- ■ ," *' k i )^ ^ 302 JEM— jcm and Casco Bay. Lon. GD^* 38' W. ; Int. 43^ 10' N. J K.M.\PPE, V. Caroline co. Va. .IKNITO BRID(;E, v. Powhatan co. Va. JENIvINTOWN, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 12 ni. xM. from Phihulrlpliia. JENKINS' ISLAND, small island near the coast of S. C. Lon. 80° 40' W. ; iat. 32° 20' N. J ENNERVILLE, v. Somerset co. Pa. JENNJlUVIfJ.E, V. Chester co. Pa. JENNINGS, CO. In. bounded by Jefferson NE. Scott and Jackson SVV. Delaware NW. and Ri|iley E. I,en}rtli 24 m. breadtli 18. Soil prodiietive, Chief town, Mount Vernon. Pop. in 1H2(), 2,000 ; in 1H30, 3,!»50. Eat. 3!)° N. ; lon. 8° 30' W. from W. JENN1N(;S' ORDINARY, t. Nottnwny CO. Va. (k) Ml. S\V. front Rieliinoiid. JEREMIE, t. and capo on the \. side of the sonthern peninsula of the ishind ol"St. Do- of the most renfiilnr towns in the West Indies city -of 'St. John. It is navigable fiO m. for slm)])8 of 50 tons, and about 200 for boats ; and affords a common and near route from the |)rovince of New Brunswick to Quebec. JOHN, iSf. a city of New Bnmswick, situate at the mouth of the river St. John, in the b;iy of Fundy. It stands in a high situation, niul is regularly built. The harlwr is open throupli. out the year, and the city carries on an exti ii. sive commerce. Lon. G5° 1.5' W. ; lut. 4P 12' N. JOHN,iS'«. the chief town of Newfoundland, situate on the E. side of the island. It has n good harbor, entirely land-locked, and defend, ed by several forts, in one of which the {rnv- ernor of the island resides. This town suffc r- ed very severely by re|)eafed fires during tlic years 1810, 1817, and 1818. Lon. .52 2(1' W.; lit. 47=' 32' N. .fOlIN, Si. the capital of Antigua. It is nn.. niingo. The town is situate on an eminence, in a fi-rtile soil, pnrtieularly excellent for tlie culture of coffee, .5 in. W. of St. Domingo. J-on. 33 .V E. ; Iat. 18^ 42' N. from W. JIOUICHO, t. Chittend( n co. \i. on N. side of Onion river, 15 ni. E. from Burlington. Pop. 1,654. JERICHO. See BaJiihriihrf. and has the most connnodious harbor in tlio Leeward islands. Lon. G2° 4' W. ; Iat. IT-' 4'N. JOHN, St. a town and fort of Ii. Canadn, on the W. bank of Chambly or Richelieu rivir, nt the N. end of Lake Chaniplain. In 171)() it was made the sole port of entry and clearance for all goods imiwrfed from the U. States into JERICHO, v. in Oyster Bay, Long Island, Canada. It is 20 ni. E. by S. from Montreal, N.Y, JEROMESVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ohio. JERSEY, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 2,3!)1. JERSEY CITY, or Paultis Hook, t. Ber- gen . CO. N. J. on the Hudson, opposite New York, 1 m. distant, 22G from W. It contains a bank. JERSEYTOWN, v. Columbia co. Pa. JERSEY SHORE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on N. side of Die W. braneiiof the Susiinehannah, 20 m. AV. from Willianisirart. JERUSALEM, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on W. side of Crooked Lake, 20 ni. S. from Canan- daigua. This town is the prinei|)al residence of the followers of Jemima Wilkinson. . JERUSALEM, v. in Benton, N. Y. ■ JERUSALEM, t. Wasliington co. Md. on the Antictam, SVV. of Hagarstowu. JERUS.VLEM, t. Southampton eo. Va. on the Nottaway, G3 m. WSW. from Norfolk. JEWET'i"S CITY, V. New London co. Ct. on the Quinebang; 8 m. NE. from Nor- wich. JOBSTOWN, V. Burlington co. N. J. JOHN, St. a small island in the West Indies, N. of St. Croix, belonging to the Danes. It has a town and spacious iiarbor. JOHN, St. or Prince Edward, an island in the S. part of the (iulf of St. Lawrence, hav- ing New Brunswick on the W. Nova Scotia on the S. and Cape Breton on the E. It is GO m. long and 30 broad, and fertile, with several streams. In 1745 it surrendered, with Cajie Breton, to the English. The capital is Char- lotte Town. JOHN, St. a river which rises in the NW. part of the district of Maine, flowing NE. into New Brunswick, where it soon takes a SSI',. course, and enters tK^ ' " • " " " and 110 N. by E. from Crown Point. Lon. 730 20' W. ; Iat. 45° 25' N. JOHN'S BAY, bay on the coast of Maine, Lon. G'.P .30' W. ; Iat. 53° 50' N. .JOHN'S RIVER, r. N. II. which runs into the Connecficuf, in Dalton. JOHN'S RIVER, r. N. C. which joins flic Catawba, below Burke court-house. JOHN'S ISLAND, isl. of the Atlantic, near the coast of S.Carolina, a little S. from Ciiarlef- ton, 30 m. in circumference. Lon. 80° 10' W,; Iat. 32° 42' N. JOHNSBURCr, t. Warren co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 23 m. NW. from Caldwell, Pop. !)85. JOHNSON, t. Franklin co. Vt. 35 ni, N. from Mont))elier. Po|). 1,070. JOHNSON, CO. N. C. bounded by Sanijwnn S. Cund)erland S\V. Wake NW. Nash NE, and Wayne E. and SE. ; length 32 ni. nicnii width 20. It is intersected by Neusc river from NW. to SE. Chief town, Smitlifield. Pop. in 1820, i),GOT; in 1830, 1),G07. JOHNSON, eo. 111. bounded by Ohio river S. by Alexander and Union W. Franklin N. and Poi)e E.; length 30 m. breadth 18. Sur face hilly towards Ohio river, but more level in the interior. Soil fertile. Chief town, Wil- kinsonviUe. Pop. 1820, 843 ; 1830, 1,.5!J6. JOHNS0NBUR(t, v. Warren co. N. J. M m. NE. from Easton in Pa. and 74 N. from Trenton. J( )HNS0NSRURG, t Sussex co. N. J. 10 in. from Newton. Here is an Episcopal eliurcli. JOHNSON'S (^REEK, V. Niagara co. N.Y. JOHNS(JN'S FORT, on .lames' Island,S.C at the entrance of (Charleston harbor. JOHNSON'S MILLS, v. Dallas co. Al. 9 in. fVom (\ihawba- JOH— JUN 303 CO. Vt. 35 in. N. JOHNSON'S POINT, c^yc on SVV. coast of Antigua. Lon. fil^ 3.V W. ; Int. 17= 10' N. JOHNSON'S SF/r'ri-K.MKNT, v. Tioga CO. N. Y. JOHNSON'S SFRINOS, v. (Joochhuul co. Va. 2.5 ni. NW. by W. fniiii Richmond. JOHNSTON, t Trunibuil co. ( )liio. Pop. 400. JOHNSTON, Fort, N.C*. on tiin ri},'iit banii of Ca|K' Fear river, at its nioutii. JOHNSTON, t. Providence eo. R. I. I ni. \V. from Providence. l*o]>. u',lll. Hero arc several cotton niiinnl'aetriries. JOHNST(.)N'S STRATI'S, between llie continent oi' N. America and tlie islands of Quadra and Vaneonver : it unites tineea Cliar- lofte's Sound to the (iuH'of (iuinea. Jion. irom VV. 4G^ W. ; hit. '){) -' ;}.")' N. JOHNSTON VIIJJ:, t. Randolph co. N. C. 85 m. NW. from Favetteviile. JOHNSTOWN, IK", is situated upon tiie river St. Iiawroncc, alK)ve the uppermost raji- ids in ascondinfT to Lake Ontario, and is a mile square. From this town vessels may b(; navi- gated with safety to Quccnstown, and to the ports of Lake Ontario. It is nearly o[)|)osito Ogrdensburgf in New York. JOHNSTOWN, district, U. C. on the river St. Lawrence. JOHNSTOWN, t. and caj). Montiromcry co. N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk, 41 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 7,700. The largo villajrc of Johnstown is 4 m. N. of the Mohawk, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and several houses of pid)lic worship; 1 for Pres- byterians, and 1 tor Episcopalians. It is 415 m. from W. JOHNSTOWN, V. Livingston co. N. Y. JOHNSTOWN, t. Licking co. Ohio, on a branch of Licking creek, 20 m. NW. from Newark. Pop. 217. JOHNSTOWN, a thriving v. in Cambria CO. Pa. on the W. side of the Alleghany moun- tain, situated on the Pennsylvania canal, at its junction with the rail-road, about 20 m. S. by W. from Ebcnsbnrg. JONASVILLE, V. Alleghany co. Md. JONES, CO. S. part of N. C. Pop. 5,028. Chief town, Trenton. JONES, CO. W. part of Geo. Pop. 13,342, of whom 6,873 arc colored. Ohief town,Chnton. JONES, Cape, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 79° W. ; lat. 58^ 50' N. JONESBOROlKiH, s-p. and t. Washington CO. Me. N. of Kenncbcck Ray, 8 ni. W. from iVIachias. Po|). 810. JONESBOROUtJIf, t. Washington co. Ten. on the Holston, 1(5 m. S. ti-oni Hlonntsville, 100 BNK. from Kno.wille. Pop. about !»00. It contains a bank, u printing-otHeo, a court- house, a jail, and a Presbyterian ehureli. JONESBUR(;,'t. Camden co. N. C. GG m. S. from Norfolk. It is the chief town of tiie county, and contains a court-house. JONES' (^REiliC, r. Pa. which runs hito the Delaware. Lat. 4(1^ '),< N. JONES' FALLS, r. Md. pa.sses tlirough the city of Baltimore, and empties into the harlwr. It is 14 m. long, and affords many mill-seats. JONES' ISLAND, i.sl. in Hudson's Bay. Lon. (;.{ ' W. ; lat. Gl-' .J2' N. JONKSTOWN, t. Lebanon eo. Pa. at tlic juni'tion of llu! Swetara and Little Swctara, 23 m. E.NF. from Harrisburg. .TONKSVILLE, t. Leo co. Va. in Powell's Valley, 2 or 3 m. from Powell's river, and 70 W. IroMi Abiuijdon. JONKS villi;, v. Surrey eo. N. C. JOI'PA, t. Ilarlbrd eo. .\ld. 20 m. E. by N. ii'OMi iiiiitiinore. JOSEPH'S KEY, small isl. in the gulf of .■Mexico, near the const of Florida. Lon. 81)" :W W.; lit. -MP S' N. JOl'RDANS, v. F,incoln co. (ico. JOY, V. Kenuebcck eo. .Ale. 110 ni. N. from I'orthuid. .H'A.N, Si. or Desanu.idero, a river of Mex- ico, which is the outUt ot'Lake Nicaragua. It flows, from the SE. corner of the lake, in an E. direction, between the province of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, into the Caribbean Sea. JI'AN, NV.a town of Mexico, in the province of Nicaragn.n, situate at the head of the river St. Juan, 110 m. E. of Nicaragua. Lon. 84^ 45' W.; l.it. 11° l.r N. JIJAN DE FUCA, Stmit of, a large bay or Gulf of the Pacific Ocean, on the W. coa.st of N. America. The entrance is in lon. 124° .55' W. ; lat. 48 = 2.5' N. JUAN DE PUERTO RICO, St. island of the W. Indies, 50 m. E. of Ilispaniola, and usually called Porto Rico. It is 100 ni. long and 50 broad, and belongs to tlu^ Spaniards. It is very mountainous, but the valleys are ex- tremely fertile and well watered. It produces sugar, rum, ginger, corn, and fruits, mostly in- digenous, but some of them introduced from Spain, ('attle are so iilenty, that they are hunted for the skins alone. Here are a great number of uncommon trees, and gold has been found in the N. ])art of Uw. island. It is sub- ject to storms and hurricanes, like the rest of these islands. The ea|)ital is of the same name. Lon. 67^4' W.; lat. 18^ 17' N. .TUAN DE PUKRTO RICO, .S7. capital of an island of the same name, with a good har- bor, defended by several forts. It is a bishop's see, and seated on the N. coast of the Lslaud. Lon. GIP 1' W. ; lat. 18^ 2i»' N. JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO, isl. on the coast of New CaUfornia. Lon. 120° 31' W. ; lat. 34° N. JUAN DE ULUA, isl. on the coast of Mexi- co, in the bay of Vera Cruz. A very strong fortress now covers nearly the wlioU; rock, the expense of which is said to have l)een uj)wards of eight millions sterling. JUANICO, island, in the(Julf of ("lahfornia. Lon. 107 Ml' W.; lat. 2P 4.5' N. JUDI'l'H, roint, the W. point at the en- trance of Narraganset Bay, R. I. !l m. SSW. from Newjwrt. Lon. 71° .3.5' W.; lat. 41° 24' N. jr^DITH'S RIVER, r. N. America,runs Into the Mis.>Jouri, 2,440 m. from the Mississippi. JULIFSTOVVN, v. Burlington co. N. J. JULIiri", mt. II. NW. of the Illinois river. Jr\LVI"i"A, navigable r. Pa. formed by 3 F^^^ 1 ■kifMB I 1- -l^ V \M \M 304 JUN— KEN K. |< «t .-m^ branclicR, which rise in tlic bounties of Cum- bria, Ikdford, and Iluntingdo.i. It hus an E. course, and joins the Susquchannah, 11 in. above Ilnrrisburg. JUNIUS, t. Seneca co. N. Y. 25 m. N. from Ovid, 18-i WNVV. from Albany. Pop. l,r)8I. JURULLO, a very remnrkublc volcano of iMexico, in tlie state of Mechoacan. Lon. from W. 2.P 10' VV. ; iat. 1!)° [)' N. It was formed by an irruption in one nijjht, tetvvcen Septem- ber 28th and 39th, 1751t. The irruption was preceded by sliocks of carthqualies from the month of July. The conical summit is 524 feet in heiglit. K. KAKIAK, V. in Hampstead co. N. Y. KANKAKEE, wiiich rises near tiic head waters of the St. Joseph's of Miciiijran, in In- diana, and passing into Illinois, unites with tlie Desplanes, to form the river Illinois. In time of high water, boats pass from the Kankakee to the St. Joseph's. KANSAS, r. Miso. which rises in the plains between the Platte and the Arkansas, and joins the Missouri in hit. 39= 5' N. 310 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 900 miles, KASKASKIA, r. II. rising in the E. part of the state near the W. boundary of Indiana, and llovving S\V. 1)}' comparative courses about 250 m. it falls into the Mississipjji abont 100 m. above the mouth of the Ohio. KASIvASKIA, t. and seat of justice, Ran- dolph CO. Illinois, situated on an extensive p. in, not far from the commencement of the Ameri- can Bottom, 1 1 miles from the mouth of the river on which it stands, and 6 milrs from the nearest point of the Mississippi. This town was one of the first establishments made by the French in the valley of the Mississippi ; and is a place, whose origin dates further back than that of Philadelphia. It was once of great inifwrtanee, containing 7,000 inhabitants. At present it numbers 160 houses and 1,000 inhabitants. A more beautiful situation tor a town can hardly be imagined. It is in t)ie centre of a gently sloping basin, on a fine nav- igable stream, and in the midst of 'a country proverbial for its fertility. It has a bank, a printing-office, a Catholic church, and a land- office. 867 m. from W. KATAHDIN, or Ktadne, lofty mountains, Maine, 80 m. N. from Bangor. Their height is not accurately ascertained, but is sripposed to exceed that of the White mountains. K AYADAROSSOR AS, r. Saratoga co. N.Y. which falls into the Saratoga Lake. KAYGERS' CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 10 ni. above Gallipolia. KEARNSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. KEARSARGE, mt. N. H. in Sutton, about 25 m. NW. from Concord. KEARSARGE GORE, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m. W. from Concord. KEASLETOWN, t. Rockingham co. Va. KEENE, t. and seat of justice, Cheshire co. N. H. 14 m. SE. from Walpole, and 95 W. from Portsmouth. It is a fine thriving village on Ashutot river. Pop. 2,374. KEENE, Essex co. N. Y. Pop. 787. KEENE, V. Coshoctoncty, Ohio, 97 m. NE, from Colimibus. KEENE'S MILLS, v. Adams co. Pa. 36 m. SW. from Ilarrisburg. KEENVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa. on the road from Easton to the Lehigh Water. Gap, 2 m. from Cherryville. KEESESVILLE, v. Essex co. N. Y. 157 m. N. from Albany. KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Cayuga co. N.Y. between the heads of Owasco and Skcneatelcs Lakes, 39 m. NNE. from Ithaca. KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 284 m. NE. from Columbus. KELLYVALE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 110 m. NE. from IWontpclier. KE.MPSVILLE, t. Princess Anne co. Va. 9 m. SE. from Norfolk. KEMPSVILLE, v. Niagara co. N. Y. KENDALL, t. Kennebeck co. Me. KENDALL, v. Stark co. Ohio, 7 m. W. from Canton, and near the eastern side of Tu.scarawas river. KENHAWA, Great, r. Va. It rises in Ash CO. N. C. and being enlarged by a number of tributary streams, falls into the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Its whole course is about 400 ni. and its width at the Ohio about 500 yards. KENHAWA, Litfle, r. Va. rises in Lewis CO. and falls into the Ohio at Parkcrsburg, 12 m. below Marietta. K ENH AWA, CO. Va. bounded SE. by Green- j brier and Giles, SW. by (Cabell, NW. by Mason I and Wood, and NE. by Lewis and Randolph. j It is intersected by Kenhawa and Elk rivers, ! and drained by their numerous branches. Chief I town, Charlestown. Pop. 9,26I. 1 KENDRICK'S ISLAND, NW. coast of America, forms the W. side of Nootka Sound. KEN DUSK E AG, r. Penobscot co. Maine, wliich flows into the Penobscot at Bangor. KENNEBEC ASIS, r. N. Brunswick, which runs E. and falls into the river St. John. KENNEBECK, r. which rises in the north- cm part of Maine, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean between the bays of Casco and Penob- scot. KENNEBECK, co. Maine, bounded by Lin- coin SE. and S. Oxford W, Somerset N. Pc nobscot NE. and Hancock E. Chief towns, HalloweU and Augusta. Pop. in 1820, 42,623; in 1830, 52,491. KENNEBUNK, r. Me. which runs into the. Atlantic at Kenneb'mk. It has a "ood harbor at itd mouth. KENNEBUNK, t. and port of entry, York CO. Me. at the mouth of the Kennebunk, 10 m. S. from Saco, 25 SW, from Portland. Pop. 2 ''33. "l^ENNEDYSVILLE, v. Steuben co. N. Y. KENNEDY'S, v. Brunswick co. Va. KENNET'S SQUARE, v. Chester co. Pa. KENSINGTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 13 m. SW, from Portsmouth. Pop. 717. KENSINGTON, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 13,394. It is a suburb of Philadelphia. KENSINGTON, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. KENT, CO. U. Can.Tda, on Lake Erie. . KKN— KIN 305 ams CO. Pa. 36 m. ; CO. N. Y. 15: m. ns CO. Vt. 110 m. ;ess Anne co. Va. Parkersburg, 12 in. Kf'N'I', CO. \i. (^imiida, between f.lie rivers Sorel und St. Tjawrenco. KI'"iN'r, CO. II. I. (Ill the VV. side of Narra- iraiiset Hiiy, bounded N. by I'rovidenee eo. S. !iv Wa.'^binjrton eo. and W. by (Connecticut. Top. 1 3,784. Chiei'town, Warwick. KKNT, t. liitehfield co. Ct. on tiie Hniisa- tnnniic, 4.') ni. \V. Irorn Hart ford. Poj). 1>,001. Iron ore is found iiurc, and wroufjbt exten- KEX'r, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 20 m. SR. from Pouplikeopsic. Pop. 1,928. KENT, CO. Dei. Imunded N. i)y Newcastle po, Iv l)y Delaware IJay, S. by Sussex co. and W. by Maryland. Pop. I'ViH Cliicf town, Dover. KKST, CO. Md. bounded N. by Cecil co. E. by the state of IVlaware, S. by Queen Anne rn. and W. by ( 'licsapeake Hay. Pop. 10,502. t'hicf town, ( 'iiestertown. KKXT, isl. in Chcsaiwakc Bay, annexed to Quren Anne co. !\Id. KENTUCKY, state. See page 126. KENTI'CKY, r. Kentufky, rises in the lii:;hlnnds in the SE. part of the state, and run- ning N VV. falls into the Ohio, at Port William, 77 m. above the rapids at liouisvilic. It is navigfable 180 miles, and is 150 yards wide at its month. KENTUCKY, Little, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of Ken- tucky river. KENTUCKY, Indian, r. In, wliieli runs into tlie Ohio, nearly opposite the mouth of Kentucky river. KEOVVEE, r. U. S. the name of Savannah river nhove its continence with the Tugulo. KEROUART ISLETS, small islett; on the NW. coast of America, between 51^ and 52^ N. lat. KERRYSVIEI.E, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. KERSHAW, district, S. C. on the E. side "f tlio Wateree. Pop. 13,515. Chief town, Ciiindcii. KEI5NESVIELE, V.Northampton eo.Penn. 1') ni. NW. by VV. froui Easton. KET( 'HAM'S CORNER, v. Saratoga co. X. v. 15 m. from Albany. KEVVEI'LNA POINT, projects far into the S. side of Lake Superior. KEYSVILLE, v. Charlotte co. Va. on the liead waters of Mehcim river, 70 m. SVV. from Richmond. KEY WEST, small island in the Gulf of Mexico, remarkable as being tlie most soutli- ern settlement of t!ie U. S. It was used as a naval station, but has been abandoned by our iirmed vessels. Lat. 24° 34' N. ; Ion. from W. 4= 38' W. KIAMESHA, r. Arkansa.s which is formed Ity the union of tiirco branches, rising in a ridjje of the Mazern mountains. It waters the S\V. part of the territory, and joins Red river 1)00 m. aliove Natchitoches. KICKABOO, or Red Ruck, small r. Illinois, ^vliich runs into the Illinois on the N. a little 1k.'!o\v lalce Pioria. KICKAPOOS, Indians, in Illniois. They are scattered along the rivers Wabash, Illinois, 2 anS, CO. iicw Brunswick, on the river St. John, bounded on the E. by Charlotte co. S. by St. John co. W. by the counties of West- moreland and Northumberland, and N. by a line running SE. and NW. from Spoon Island in St. John river. KING'S CO. N. Y. comprises the W. end of Long Island, and is bounded E. by Queen's eo. Pop. 20,537. Chief town, Flatbush. KINCJ'S BAY, bay on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. KlNfiS BOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. N. Y. 50 ni. NW. from Albany. KIN(;SBURY, t. Washington co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 52 m. above Albany. Pop. 2,606. t*M 306 KIN— KUl v^^n m • :H.-i 1 'h HI KINGSCLERE, t. York (o. NVw Bruns- wick, on the W. nido of the livi'T St. Jolin, iid- joinin^r Fredrrickton. KINGSE Y, t. Uuckinfrlmm en. L. C. on the river St Francis, 35 m. S. by E. i'roni Tlirct! Rivers. KING'S FERRY, v. Monongalia co. Va. KING'S FERRY, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. KING'S ISLAND, iHl. on the NW. coast of America, separated from the continental shore of New .\lbion, by Bankcs' canal. Lat. 5P 56' to 52= 26' N. KINGSLAND CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James River. Lon. 77^ 40' W. ; lat. 37° 24' N. KINGSMILL, point, on the NW. const of America, the SVV. jwint of Prince Frrdcrick's sound. lion. 225= 19' E.; lat. 56= 52' N. KING'S MOUNTAIN, rnt. in the W. part of N. C. 25 ni. W. ( ^liarlottcnburp. KINGSPORT, v. Sullivan co. Ten. KINGSTON, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. const of the island, on a bay in which vessels of the largest burden may anchor in safety. It was founded in 16!)3, after the destruction of Port Royal by an earthquake in the preceding year. It is on a plain, which riscis, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of the Ligujmea mountains, a distance of about six miles. 10 m. E. from Spanish Town. I,on. 76° 33' W. ; lat. 18° N. Pop. 33,000, of which number 10,000 arc whites, 18,000 slaves. KINGSTON, t. and cap. of the island of St. Vincent's, in the W. Indies. Lon. 81° W. ; lat. 13° 6' N. KINGSTON, t. U. C. the largest and most populous of tlic province. It is advantageously seated at the E. extremity of Lake Ontario. KINGSTON, formerly Esopus, t. and cap. Ulster CO. N. Y. on the Hudson, 65 in. below Albanjr, 100 above New York. Pop. 4,170. The village of Kingston is pleasantly situated on Esopus creek, about 3 m. from the Hudson, and 313 m. from W. KINGSTON, V. Middlesex co. N. J. 3 m. NE. from Princeton, 15 SW. from Bnmswick. KINGSTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Sus- quehannah, op[)ositc Wilkesbarre. KINGSTON, v. Talbot co. Md. on the E. side of the Choptank, 4 m. below its forks. KINGSTON, t. Somerset co. Md. KINGSTON, t. Georgetown district, S. C. on Waccama river, 40 m. NE. from George- town. KINGSTON, t. and cap. Roane co. Ten. at the confluence of Clinch and Holston rivers, 60 m. below Knoxville, and 556 m. from W. KINGSTON, t. Addison co. Vt. 28 rn. SW. from Montfjclier. Pop. 803. KINGSTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 929. KINGSTON, East, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. SW. from Portsmouth. KINGSTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 4 m. NW. from Plymouth, 32 SSE. from Boston, from W. 458. Pop. 3,322. I'his town has some trade in the fisheries, and contains 2 cot- ton manufactories, and some manuiactures of iron. KINGSTON, (. and cap. Kings co. New Hrunsu'iek, on Kennebecasis bay. KIN(;STON, North, t. Washington co. R. 1. on ^V^ side of Narraganset Hay ; 12 m. NW. from New|K>rt. Poj). 3,036. KINGSTON, South, or Tower Hill, t. and rap. Washington co. R. I. on the W. side of Narraganset Bay; 11 m. W. from Newport. Pop. 3,663. KINtiSTON, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on the head waters of Alum and Big Wtilnut creeks, and innnediately N. of Sunbury. Pop. 5«2. 4iIN(!STON, small town situated on the line, but within the co. of Ross, Ohio, 10 m. N. from Chillicothe. KlN(;.STON, v. Morgan co. Geo. 33 m. NNW. from Millcdgeville. KINtJSVILLE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, 10 m. NE. from Jefferson. Pop. i,o:'s, I<."NG.TREE, V. Williamsburg district, S. C. on Black river, about 65 m. N. (roiii Charl(;ston. K1N<; WILLIAM, CO. Va. between Malta pony and Paniunky rivers and extends cast- ward to where those rivers unite, and form York river, and bounded NW. by Caroline co. Pop. 1820, 9,6!)7 ; in 1830, 9,812. KING WILLIAM COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat of justice, King William co. Va. 35 m. NE. from Richmond. KING WOOD, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on the E. side of the Delaware. Pop. 2,898. KINGWOOD, V. Monongalia co. Va. KINGWOOD, V. Preston co. Va. near Cheat river, 20 m. SE. from Morgantown. KINIESNICK, V. Lewis co. Ken. NNE. from Frankfort. KINNIKINNICK, r. Ohio, which runs SW. into the Scioto, 7 m. above Chillicothe. KINOGAM, r. Canada, which runs from Jjake Wickwa to the river Saguenay. Lon. 71°.31' W.; lat. 480 34' N. KINSALE, v. Westmoreland co. Va. situa- ted on the SW. side of the river Potomac, near the C/hesapeake Bay. KINSMAN, NE. t of Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 720. KINSMAN'S MOUNTAIN, mt. in Lin- coin, N. H. KINSTON, t. Lenoir co. N. C. on the left bank of Neuse river, 40 ni. above Newbern. KINZUA, v. Warren co. Pa. 352 m. NW. from Harrisburg. KIP'S BAY, a bend in East river, N. Y. in New York co. 3 m. NE. of the city. The New York Penitentiary and Alms House are situated here. KIRBY, t. Caledonia co. Vt 15 m. NE. from Danville. KIRK'S MILLS, v. Lancaster co.Pa. KIRKSEY CROSS-ROADS, v. Edgefield district, S. C. 05 ni. westerly from Raleigh. KIRKSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N.C. 151 in. SW. from Raleigh. KIRKVILLE, V. Onondaga co. N. Y. KIRKVVOOD, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 2i205. KIR— LAG 307 11 CO. ^co. 33 III. Trumbull co. Ohio. CO. Vt 15 in. NE. ancaster co. Pa. OADS, V. Edgefield rly from Raleigli- ^ cklenburg co. N.C KIRTLAND, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Top. 1,010. KI.^^HTAC, isl. on the ,\'\V. const of Ameri- v.n, H. ot' 1'0','gy C'liiic, oil tlio SIJ. side of the pcniiiHiilii of Alaska, niid o|>|)Oiiitc the mouth of ('ook'H river, KI.SKIMIMTAS, V. WVstinnrcIand co. Pa. ivlSKI.MINITAS, r. a bruncli of tiic AUc ffhanv ill Pa. KITH'S MII.I.S, V. Rockingham co. Vn. KITr,i;V, t. Leeds CO. I'. (". KIT'l'ANNING, v. and seat of justice, Armstrong co. Pii. on the M. side of Alleghany river. 40 ni. SK. from Pittsburg, til5 from W. Pop. l,(i:i(). K ri"J'ATl NN y !\I( )UN'rAIN."<, a ridge of tiie Alleghany mountains, which runs throiigii the N. parts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. KITTI'IRy, t. York co. .Me. at the mouth of the Piscataf|iia, opposite Portsmouth, N. IJ. 5 ni. SVV. from York. Pop. 2,()i2i}. KLIN(JK1ST()VVN, v. Schuylkill co. Pa. KNAPPSHURG, v. 0.tlbrd township, Che- nungo CO. N. Y. KMFE RIVER, r. Missouri Territory, vvhicli joins the river Missouri on the S. at the Alandan villages. KNIGHT'S CANAL, inlet, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. ■'50=' 45' N. KNIGHT'S ISLAND, isl. in Behring'a Bay, separated from the continent of America by a narrow channel. KNIGHT'S ISLAND, small island in Hud- son's Bay. Lon. DS^ 30' VV. ; lat. 61° 50' N. KNOT'S ISLAND, v. Currituck co. N. C. KNOWLTON, t. Warren co. N. J. on Del- aware river. Pop. 2,827. KNOWLTON MILLS, v. Sussex co. N. J. KNOX, t. Hancock co. Me. 28 m. NW. from Castine. KNOX, V. Albany co. N. Y. 21 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,18G. KNOX, CO. Ohio, bounded by Richland N. Coshocton E. Licking S. Delaware W. and Marion NW. Chief town. Mount Vernon. Pop. in 1820, 8,326 ; in 1830, 17,124. KNOX, CO. Ken. bounded SE. by Harlan, aw. by Whitely, NW. by Rockcastle, and NE. bv ('lay. Chief town, Barbourville, is about "125 m. SSE. from Frankfort. Pop. 4,321. KNOX, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. KNOX, CO. E. Ten. bounded by Sevier SE. Blount S. Roane W. Anderson NW. and Grainger and .Jefferson NE. Holston and Clinch rivers unite at Knoxville. Chief town, Knoxville. Pop. 14,4f)H. KNOX, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,288. KNOX, NE. t. Jctferson co. Ohio. KNOX, CO. In. between White and Wabash rivers, bounded by Kaskaskia, or Pike and Gibson cos. S. Wabash river W. Sullivan N. and Davies E, Soil generally fertile. Chief town, Vincennes, Pop. 6,.557. KNOXVILLE, t. and seat of justice, Knox CO. Ten. on the right bank of Holston river, 22 m. above its Junction with the Tennessee, about 200 m. E. from Nashville. Lat. 35° 50' N. There is a college licre, but it ii yet in in- fancy. KNOXVILLE, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. from SteiilHiiville. KNOXVILLE, V. Crawford co. Geo. KOI)IAK,an enteiisive group ot' islands on the W. coast of N. America, aliout 50 in. from the entrance into Cook's inlet, extending aliout 130 m. from SW. to NE. Lon. 20tP 12' to 20H--' 4.V E.; lat. r>r,^ U to 58^ 28' N. KOOSK()()SKi:i:, r. Oregon Tcrritoi^, wliicli rises in the Kooliv Mountains, and joins Lewis river, between lon. 117= and 118=' W. and between Lit. ICP and 47=" N. KONIAUT, Bi;!l), 76,558. It is the most [jopulous county in tin' .state, except Phi!.idelphia, and one of the first in point of soil, v ( .ith, and agricultural im- provements. It is watered by the Concstoga and its branches, Pccqua and ("hicques creeks, which atlbrd a large number of tlie first-rate mill-seats in the country, many of which are already occupied. It contains at this time, 7 furnaccti, 14 forges, 180 distilleries, 45 tan- yards, 22 fulling-mills, 164 grist-mills, 87 saw- mills, 9 breweries, 8 hemp-mills, 5 oil-mills, .'i clover-mills, 3 factories, 3 potteries, 6 carding- machines, 3 paper-mills, 2 snufl'-mills, 7 tilt- hammers, and 6 rollixig-mills. Chief town, Lancaster. LANCASTER, t. and cap. Lancaster co. Pa. is pleasantly situated on the side of a hill, li m. VV. of Conestoga creek, which falls into the Susquehannah 9 m. below. .35 m. ESE. from Harrisburg, 22 ENE. from York, 62 W. from Philadelphia, and 109 from W. Lat. 40^ 3' N. ; long. 76° 20' W. It contains a court- house, market-house, jail, a lnrg(! Lancasterian school, an academy, and several houses of pub- lic worship, for (German IjUtherans, German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Ro- man Catholics, Moravians, Friends, and Me- thodists. Many of the inhabitants speak the German language. The surrounding country is fertile and highly cultivated. The town contains numerous manufactories, and carries on considerable trade. Pop. 7,683, LANCASTER, co. Va. on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay, bounded S. by the Rappa- haimock, 108 m. N. from Norfolk. Pop, 4,800, of whom 2,631 are slaves. At the court-house is a post-office. LAN-I.AW 3(){) I m. NW. from P8 S. of I.iik.; \V. fullH into , f) III. N.i.ftlif N. from Uur- so. a few niilrs iifvistrr CO. Pa. iiiu'astiT. Pop. nil CO. N. II. Hiiy. Coos po. N. H. ■k, a milo from is a court-linn.'ii', ( 111. :iIk)vc Mart. Din Port«nioutli, LT CO. INIoHS. on [4 in. NE. from I PiOKiUH. Poji. qntiivy of slate, •ill LOW n, uiid lius SE. pari of Pa. anon, and lit rks, .(l,QndW.bvtlic icparatcs it from ;H,3.1t); in l>:tl), 1UH county in tlic d one of tbo first ajfricultural iiii- by the C'oncstoca Cliicqiics creeks, r of tlie first-ratr iny of which arc ins at this time, stillcrics, 45 tan- rist-niillf, i'l saw- .ills, 5 oil-mills, .") Ltcrics, 6 carding- nutV-niills, 7 lilt- lls. Chief town, p. Lancaster co. the side of a hill, which falls into ow. 35 m. ESE. rom York, 0:2 W. i-omW. Lat.40^ contains a court- iTgc Lancastcrian ^ral houses of pub- ithcrans, German —Episcopalians, Ro- Friends, and Me- bitants speak the •rounding country 'ated. The town tories, and carries 7,683. the western shore S. by the Rappa- ^rfolk. Pop. 4,800, \t the court-house LANCASTER, .lintricf, S. C. Pop. I0,3f.l. At the <'«)ur|. house Ih a |H»st-()trKr, liANC AS'I'EU, f. :iii(l cap. (iarriird co. Ken. 21* III. !^ I'rOMI IiC\ili;r|oll. I.A.N('A.STI:R, t. and cap. Fairfield co. Ohio, 2S III. SK. from ('i)liniil)us, 31 NE. from ('hiilic»lhe. It CDiitiiins a e'tiirl-JioiiM' and jail, a b.iak, '2 printiiiir.oiilciK, niid a I'l.urc^li. LA.NCi; l,A (iJIACi:, t. I,a. 75 m. S.-(;UA!{I), or Poiiite mix Pins, north side of Lake Erie. This |Kiiiit is about '2i) m. E. of the S. Foreland, and bears the only pine tiiiilK'r on this eoiisl. LANDISHUIJt;, V. Perry co. Pa. on a small branch of Shareman's creek, 30 m. NVV. from Ilarrisbiirfj, and 18 NNW. from Carlisle. LANUSFOIil), V. (Jhcstcr district, S. C. 92 ni. N. from Columbia. LANESnollOlUJIL t. Derkshire co. Mass. It is situ.itcd in the NVV. jiart of the state, joininjT to N. Y. Pop. l,l!)2. LANI'i^VILLE, V. Sus,iuehann.-ili co. Pa. LANESVII^LE, v. Kinfr William co. Va. LANG DON, L .Sullivan co. N. II. on Cor.- nccticut river, 40 ni. \V. from Concord. Poi>. 667. LANGHORN'S TAVERN, v. Cumberland CO. Va. GO m. from Richmond. LANIER, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,535. LANSINGRURG, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the E. side of Hudson river, near its junc tion with the Mohawk river, about 4 in. above Troy, and 9 above Albany. Sloops of small drautrht ascend thus hig^h. Pop. 2,603. LANSING, t Tompkins co. N. Y. Pop. 4,020. LAO, t Cuba, 25 m. W. from Havana. LA PETITE NATION, York co. L. C. on the Ottawa river, about 70 ni. VV. from Montreal. LA PETITE RIVIERE, parish, in Cote dc Beauprc Seigniory, L. C. on the St. Law- rence, ,34 m. NE. from Quebec. LAPRAIRIE, Scijrniory, Huntinjrdon co. L. C. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Sorcl, opposite Montreal. Tlie nllage of Laprairie, or La Nativitc, contains above 100 houses, and is very ilourishinfr, be- inir situated on the main road from Montreal into the United States. LA PROA, point, New Brunswick, half- way between Eastiiort and St. .Tolin. L'ARBRE CROCHE, Indian village, in Michigan, on the W. side of the peninsula, near its N. extremity, 40 m. from MicJiilli- inackinack. LARGA, small isl. in the Florida stream. Ion. 82=> 25' W. ; lat. 24= 36' N. LARGA PUNTA, or Punta dc Asics, cape on the \V. coast of Florida lat. 25 i.V N. LAKICS POI.NT, rap<'. Lower Cniada, in the river St. Lawn nee, at the moiitli ot'Sajjue- iiay river. LA S.VLLI', Seigniory, ITiintingdon co. Lower ('.innlii, 12 m. S. from Moiitteal. LAS CHIAPAS, a ^'lale of Mexico. It is an interior eoinitrv, lioimded by (iirilemala S\V. 'I'abaseo NW. 1111(1 N. Vmstlaii E. aiul Vera Paz SE. Chief city, Chiapa R-*(), :),l!»l»j in fHJU, 5,;j(;ti. Seat of juHticc, Dur- linL'ton. I,AWin:\CE, t. in tlie W. border of Stark CO. Oiiiii. INip. 1,1(H liAWIULNCK, t. 'I'liHcarawau co. Oliio. Top. tiO'J. I.ANVUENCE, t. WuBliiiiJiton co. Oiiio. Fop. IIU. f,AVVRF,\rE, CO. Tn. bonniicd iiy Orniipc S. Ow(!ii and Martin \V. jMonroc N. JackHon E. and WaHJiinKtoii SE. ; iciifrtli 21 in. widiii IH. ]>op. in !h:2(), -1,1 Ui; in 1K)(), i(,!.>;<7.' C'Jiief town, I'cdlbrd. LAWK1;N( •I], CO. W. Ten. bomidiui by Abi- baina S. Wayne VV. Iliekinan .\. andtiilcH E.; lenpth 2() in. width 2'2. Pop. in Ir^'M), :},-,'71 ; ill 1830, r>,l\'2. (Jhief town, Lawrcncebnrjf. LAWRENCE, eo. ArkansaH, on Wliito r. Pop. .\8(l(). Cliief town, JackKon. I,AWRENt;E, CO. Mis. bounded NW. and N. by till! lately ceded (Jhoetaw territory, E. by ( 'ovinpton, S. by Marion and Pike, and W. by Eraiikhn ; lenptii (iO in. iiH^an width 21. The pcncral Burfacc in covered witii tine tim- ber. Chief staples, cotton. Pop. 5,321. Mon- ticello iH the capital. LAWRENC;E, v. and seat of justice, liaw- roncc CO. Ark. on Hlack river, about .'iO ni. above its confluence with White river. LAWRENCE, t, Lawrence co. tlhio. LAWRENCE, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pon. 1,434. LAWRENCE, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. G83. LAWRENCE, co. Alabama, ou the S. side of Tennessee river. Pop. 14,984. Chief town, Moulton. LAWRENCE, St. a large r. of N. America, proceeding from Lake Ontario, from which it' runs 700 m. to tlie Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the Atlantic. Its mouth is 100 in. wide ; and it is navijrabic for ships of war ns far as Que- bec, which is 3()0 m. and vessels from Europe ascend to Montreal, which is 180 in. further. In its course it forms n jjreat variety of bays, harbors, and islands, innny of which are fruit- ful and extremely pleasant. LAWRENCE, St. (lulj of, is formed be- twcen the W. part of Newlbundland, the E. shores of Ijabrador, the !•'. extremity of the province of New Brunswick, part of the prov- ince of Nova Scotia, and the island of Ca])e Breton. It commuiiic.ites witii the Atlantic Ocean by throe dilferent passages. LAWRENCEUURG, t. Armstrong co. Pa. LAWRENCEBURG, t. Butler co. Pa. LAWRENCEBURG, t. and cap. Dearborn CO. In. on the Ohio, 2 ni. below the moutli of the Miami river, 28 from Cincinnati. LAWRENCE'S, v. Southampton co. Va. I,AWRENCE'SMILT,S,v.nintonco.N.Y. by poHlroad 177 in. from .Mbany. LAWRENCEVILLE, v. Tioirn co. P«. by imslroad 1 IK m. NNW. (roni Ilarrisbiirg. I.AWRE.NCEVIIJ.E, v. Monliromery to. N. C. I(t!l m. SW. by W. from Rakiub. I,AWRE\CEVII,r,E, V. (Jwiimetteo.CJen. 13:i m. NW. In.m Mill.dureville. LAWRENCEMI.I.E, t. Alleghany co. I'n. 2 or 3 III. from Pitt«liiirg. [.AWRIlNCEVIM.E.v.Nnnsemondcn.Vn. LAWRENCEVILLE, t. Madison co. Ohio, on the road I'riim Columbus tn Spriiigtiild. I-AWREN( EVILLE, t. Lawr.iuv eo, ||, L.\WSVILLE, f. Susquehannah co. Pa. N. from .Montrose. liAW YERSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N.Y. LAVTONS, V. Essex CO. Va. LIOACOCK, t. f-ancastcr co. Pa. 9 m. E. from Lancaster. I-EA DINt; ( REEK, r. Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 17 m. aUive (•alli[ioliti. LEADSVILIJ;, V. Randolph co. Va. LEAK RIVER, r. Mississijipi, which joins the Chickasaw, H in. ImIow the parallel of 3P N. lat. to form the Pascagoula. LEAF RIVER, v. (ireen co. Missouri. LEAKSVILLE, t. Rockingham co. N.C. LEA'S, v. (iranger co. Ten. LEASIU'R(;, t. Caswell co. N. C, 80 ni. F. from Bethany. LEATHERWOOD'S STORE, v. Henry CO. Va. LEAVENWORTH, v. Crawford co. In. on the Ohio river. LEBANON, t. Lawrence co. Arkahsns. LEBANON, t. York co. Mc. on the E. side of Salmonfall river, afwut 20 ni. NW. of Ports, mouth in N. H. Pop. 2,.3!)1. LEBANON, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Con- necticut river, opposite the mouth of Wiiite river, 4 m. below Dartmouth college. A min- eral spring has lately been discovered here, tlie waters of which are efficacious in curing rheu- matism and cutaneous disorders. Pop. 1,8GH. LEBANON, t. New Londor. co. Ct. 9 ni. NW. from Norwich, 30 SE. from Hertford. Pop. 2,.'552. It is an excellent agricultural township. It contains four churches, and an academy. LEBANON, t. Madison co, N. Y. 35 m. SW. from Utica, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,249. ' LEBANON, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. LEBANON, CO. Pa. bounded by Lancaster SE. Dauphin SW. and NW. and Berks NE.; length 17 ill. vvidtli 17. Its NW. boundary is the Blue Mountain, or Kittatinny Ridge. Sta- ples, grain. Hour, whisky and iron. Chief town, Lebanon. Pop, 1820, 10,988 ; in lb30 20,546. LEBANON, v. Rnssell co. Va. 358 m, a little S. of VV, from Richmond. LEBANON, v. Washinjrton co. Geo. LEBANON, t. and cap. Wilson co. Ten. 25 m. E. from Nashville. In the vicinity is on academy. LEBANON, t. Washington co. Ken. I.MIV-f.DN 311 Va. 358 m. a little LKflANOM, lK»r. mid rii|.. Lcbuiion «•<>. I'li. on QiiitaiKiliillii creek, '.'.i in. ii. tVniii iliirrlN. biirir, uiKl ^-v! WNW. Ik.mi I'hilixU I|iIii>i. I'oi.. 3^M. 'I'lie !<'elnivil piare, jty it eaniil iH'twmi theCjiiilii|inliillii nnd tlir'riil|M'liiink('n, u liraneli of Seliiiylltill river. F.KHANl >.\, t. and enp, Wiirreii eo. (Iliio, 2.') III. S. iVniii Dayfnii, Mil' S\V. troiii ( 'dliiiii- huH, IH I'l, t'roiii llaintllmi. .'M .\. from Ciiieiii- nati. It cuntaiiiH a con liniiNu and jiiil, and 2 clitirclicH, u hank, ^ ii irkitdioii.xeN, a priMt- irig-otficf, and a piililic lihrary. I'ltp. 1,157. Lon. rt-P r W.; Int. IJ'.H 25' X. LKMANON, t. Mrius co. Olu... I'op. ^'.VJ. I.Kll ANON, V. St. (lair co. 11. 55 in. S\V. from \iiiidiilia. LKHOHl'l', t. Krieeo. I'n. IiKK, t. Hancock co. Mc. 'i5 in. NW. froni Castine. M;I:, t. StralVord ro. N. II. 1.1 in. NW. from Porfsmoulli. I'op. l,(l(i:i. IiKK, t. U( rk.sliire eo. Mass. 5 ni. SK. from f,(no.\, IJO \V. from Hoslon. Pop. 1,H:;>5. It IS wotered l»y flie lioiiHatoiimie. LKi;, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 in. NW. from Rome. I'op. a,51J. I, KM, F'oit, Ilerjfcn co. N. J. on the Mud.son, !l Ml. niKive n(ri,'eii. f.liH, Co. in the S\V. corner of Va. Poj). (i.Kil. Chief town, .loiiesville. rj']!';, t. Athens co. Oliio. Top. 118. LKHCIl I,AM;, Miso. V2 in. lon-r; on tlie W. side iH a ibrl in hit. 17^ li;' I.T' N. F,eceh river, which is the outlet, of the lake, (onus the SW. branch of the Mississippi, ami unites with tliR main branch, 1)5 in. below Little Winnipec liakc. LKEDS, t. Hnckinffliain co. Lower Canada, 37 in. S. from (iui bee. LF,KI>S, CO. V. C. on tlie St. Lawrence. LEKDS, t. and \nrt of entry, Iiceds co. IJ.C. nn the St. Lawrence. It is watered by Gana- noque river, which liaH a pood harbor. IjEEDS, t. Kcimehcck co. Mo. on the An- drosco}rtfiii river, 2U m. SW. from Anjrusta. Pop. I,(i85. LEEDS, t. Gloncestor co. N. J. on the At- lantic, 4 in. W. ti-oiu the mouth of Mulicus river. LEEDS, or Lccdstown, t. Westmoreland co. U. 14 m. E. from Port Royal, 40 SE. from Frcdcricksbur;^, 70 NE. from Richmond. Near this place is a famous course for horse-racinjj. LEESBURCJ, V. and seat of justice, Loudon CO. Va. The neifjhborhood is apparently of good soil, and well cultivated. LEESBLIRG, t. Harrison co. Kent, 10 m. NW. from Paris, and 22 NE. from Frankfort. Pop. 138. LEESBURG, v. Washington co. Tenn. about 80 in. NE. by E. from Kiioxville. LEESBURG, v. Tuscarawas co, Ohio. Pop. 225. LEESBURG, v. Champaign co. Ohio. LEESBURG, t. Highland co. Ob'o, 31 m. W. from ChiUicothe. Pop. 218. LEESVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 52 ni. westerly from Albany. Li:i:sVILLi:. v.ramplHll CO. Va. 1«» III. SW. by W. iVom liiehiiiond. Li:l;s\ll,Li;, v. laxini^rton di«trict 8. C. .'10 III. from Columbia. LEE.SVH.LE, V. Lawrence co. In. 7G in. SSW. from liidi,iiia|Milis, LEE'S ISLAND, Miiall ihI. Vn. in the Po. toiiiiie, 2 III. .SE. from 'i'horjic. It bt-doiign to Fairfax co. LDirs MILLS, V. Wuhhiiifrton eo. N. C. LKETOWN, V. Jetfcrhon co. Va. 84 in. NW. from W. LLIIKill, CO. Pa. on Lehii,di river, inclowd by the eoiinties ol'Northamplon, liiiekH, Mont- joinery, Iterks, anil Schuylkill. Pop. 22,2GG. .\ilriiio\v II is the capital. LLIIKJH, t. Northampton ca Pu. Pop. i,lMt. Li:iiI(iH, r. Pa. which runs into the Dela- ware at I'laslon, alter a course of 75 m. It Ih navijrable, by means of canals, to the coal-mincH. LEIIKiirroN, V. Northampton co. Pa. on the Lrliinh river. LKIIK;!! (;AP, v. Norlham|ilon on. Pa. LEICESTER, I. Addison eo. \ t. v . W. of Standish, and 2,320. _,, in New Leon, be. rnando rivers. Lon. ) 50'. ucatan, 25 m. N. of ja district, U. C. on th. LIN— LIT 315 I LINCOLN, t Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St. John. LINCOLN, CO. Maine, on both sides of the Kennebcck ; bounded by the Atlantic Ocean S. Kciinebeck Bay and Androscogjrin river SW. Kennebcck CO. NW. Hancock NE. and Penobscot Bay I'-. Lcnjrfh 1.") in. mean width 25, Soil productive in gruin and pasturage. Chief town, Witicafisct. Pop. in 182i), 53,18J; in 183 >, .57,181. LINCOLN, t. Gradon co. N. IL between the sources of the i^Ierriniac'c and Ammo, noo'-nch rivers, GO in. a b.jve Concord. Poj). 5\). LINCOLN, t. Addison co. Vt. 21 in. SW. from .Montpclicr. Pop. 63). LINCOLN, t. Middlesc.v co. Mass. Pop. 70;). LINCOT-N, CO. N. C. bounded by South Ca- rolina S. Rutherford ^V^ Burke NW. Iredell or Catawba river NE. and Cat.awba river or Mecklenburg E.; length 48 m. mean width 25. Soil on the streams excellent, ('hicf staple, cotton. Chief town, Lincolnton. Pop. in 1820, 18,147; in 1830, 22,fi25. LINCOLN, CO. Geo. on Savannaii river; bounded by Columbia SE. Wilkes SW. nnd .Savannah river NE; length 22 m. mean wicltii 10. (^hief town Lincolnton. Pop. in 1820, 6,458; in 1830,6,137. LINCOLN, CO. Ken. hounded by Pulaski SE. Casey SW. and W. IMerccr NW. Garrard .NE. and Rockcastle E.; length 27 m. inciin width 17. Chief towns, Stanford and Crali- orchard. Pop. in 1820, !),!)7;); in 1830, 11,012. LLNCOLN,co. W.Ten. bounded I)y :\Iadison CO. in Al. S. by Giles co. in Ten. W. L'ldlbrd X. and Franklin 1'].; length 2,3 m. breadlii 23. Staple, cotton. Chief town, Favettcville. Pop. in 1820, 14,761; in 1830,22,08(5. LINCOLN, V. Mercer co. Ken. on Dick's river. LINCOLN, CO. Miso. bounded by Missis- sippi river E. Cuivre river SE. ^lontgomcrv "cSW. andW. ami by Pike NW. and N.'; longth 21 m. breadth 22. I'op- 4,060. Ciiief tnvvn, Troy. LINCOLNTON, t. and scat of justice, Lin- coin CO. N.C. on Little CVitawba, 1,50 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh, and 31 NW. from Char- iottfi, LINCOLNTON, t. and cap. Lincoln co. filco. 40 m. NW. from Augusta. LINDEN, V. Marengo co. Alabama. LINDLEY'S STORE, v. Albemarle co. Va. LINDLEY'S STORE, v. Orange co, N.C. LINDSEY'S MILLS, v. Trigg co. Ken. UNDSLEYSTOWN, v. Steuben co. N.Y. LINE CREEK, v. Montgomery co. Al. LINGWI(;K, t. Buckingham co. L. C. 80 m. SE. Three Rivers. LINK LEAIR, v. Chenango co. N. Y. LINTON, Coshocton co. Ohio. LISBON, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the An- droscoggin, 23 m. W. from Wiscasset. Pop. 2,432. LISBON, t. Lincoln co. Geo. nt the junction of Broad and Savannah rivers. LISBON, t. New London co. Ct. on the Quinebaue, 7 m. N. from Norwich, 45 SE. from Hart'ord, Pop. 1,166. LISBON, t. St, Lawrence ro. N. Y. on tha river St. Lawrence, 3 miles below Ogdcnsburff. Pop. 1,8;)1. LISBON, t. Clark co. Ohio. LISBON, V. Graflon co. N. H. Pop. 1,585, LISBURN, V. Cmnbcrl;;nd co. Pa. LISBUKN, cape, on the NW. coast of Anierici. LISLE, t. Broome co. N. Y. 15 m. N. from Bitighamiitoti, 120 in. from Albany. Pop. 4,3j3, LI.^I.E, V. Bro<3me co. N. Y. LITCHFlllI.D, t. Lincoln co. Me. 25 m. NW. from Wiscasset, 10 Irom HallowcU. Pop. 2,308. LITCHFIELD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 30 m. S. from Concord. Pop. 505. LITCHFIELD, co. Ct. Soil is fertile* Pop. 42,855. Chief town, Litchfield. LITCHFIELD, t. and cap. Litchfield co. Ct. 30 in. W. from Hartford, 38 NNW. from New Haven. Lon. 73= 15 W.; lat. 4P 42' N. Pop. 4, 158. It is an elevated tov.-nship ; Mount Tom, near the SW. corn 'r, is 700 feet above the river at its base. Litchfield Great Pond, the largest in the state, is a beautiliil sheet of i water, comprising an area of about 900 acres. At its outlet are iinrucrous valuable mill-scats. Tliero are in Litchfield 4 forges, 1 slitting, mill, 1 nail luanufactory, 18 saw-mills, 6 full- ing-inills, 5 larire tanneries, besides several i other manu;aeturing establishments. There . are 8 houses of ])iiblic worship; 4 for Congre. gafioiialit^ts, 3 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Bap. tists. Ill tlie .'^ocirty of South Farms in 3Iorri8 AciidoHiy, a floiirisliing institution, established in 171)0, th(^ Latin and (ircck languages are taught, and particular attention is paid to the morals of the students. Litchfield village, in- corjjoratcd in 1818, is ])lcasantly situated along the i-tiiuiiiit of a hill, commanding an e.\tensivo and deligliti'ul prospect. It contains a court- house, jail, bank, 2 rncetiiig-houses, and 84 dwelling-houses. Here also is a private school for young ladies, which maintains a very dis. tinguished reputation. The Litchfield Law School w.ns estaldishcd in 1784, by the Hon. Tapping Reeve. This has betn justly con- sidered as the most respectable and systematic law school in the United States. The number of students educated since its establishment is more than 600. LITCHFIELD, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. Pop. 1,750. LITCHFIELD, v. Bradford co. Pa. 193 m. N. from Harrisburg. LITCHFIELD, V. Grayson co. Ken. 70 m. SSW. from Louisville. LITIZ, t. in Warwick township, Lancaster ro. Pa. on a branch of Conestoga creek, 8 m., N. from Lancaster, 66 W. by N. from Phila. delphia. It is settled by Moravians, and con- tains about 300 inhabitants, a church, and an academy. - - i ., \'-.' m ^'i ■ m w^ ip,!--, m II S W'' i^wl f'\; tmm %i:%, 316 LIT-LLO 'iV:!^ffl 4'b LITTLE BEAVER, r. which rises in Ohio, and joins Ohio river in Pennsylvania, after a SE. course of 30 m. LI'ITLE BEAVER BRIDGE, v.Coluinbi- ana co. Ohio, 55 in. NW. from Pittsburg. LITTLE BRITAIN, v. Orange co. N. Y. LITTLE BRITAIN, t. Lancaster co. Pa. It is situated on tlie W. side of Octorara creek. LITTLE COMPTON, t. Newport co. R. I. It is famous for its dairies. Pop. 1,.378. LITTLE FALLS, v. Herly Frederick and .letl'erson, and NE. by the Potomac liver. Soil excellent. Staples, grnin and llour. Chief town, Lecsburg. Pop.21,''3i LOUDONVILI.E, t. in the south-eastern quarter of Richland co. Ohio, G6 m. NE. from Columbus. LOUtJHBOROUGII, t. Frontcnac co. U.C. LOUGHBOROUGH CANAL, inlet on the NW. coist of America, in tlie Gulf of Georgia, 3.) ni. long and 1 broad. Lon. 234^ 35 E.; k.f. 50^ 27' N. LOUGH ERTY'S CREEK, r. In. which runs into the Oiiio, 11 in. below the nioutli of Miami river. LOUIS, St. s-p. and fortress, St. Domingo, on the SW. coast, at the head of a bay of its name. Tlie exports are coffee, cotton, and in- diiro. 70 m. WSW. of Port au Prince. Lon, 73^.32' W.; lat. 18= 16' N. LOUIS, ^/. lake of N. America, formed by the junction of the Ottawa with the St. Law- rence. It i.s 12 m. long and 6 broad. LOUIS, St. river of N. America, which has its source near the eastern head-waters of thft .MissisKippi, and falls into Lake Superior on the west shore. It is navigable 150 m. Lon. 9P.52' W.; lat. 40=41' N. LOUIS, St, CO. ^Missouri, on the Mississinni. Pop. ]4,'Jn7. LOUIS, St. the capital of the above county, and the chief commercial town in the stutn of Missouri. It is situated 18 ni. below the mouth of the Missouri, between 30 and 10 l.e- low the mouth of the Illinois, and nearly 200 above the month of tlic Ohio. Nature seldom o!l'crs a more delightful site for a town. In many respects it resembles that of Alliany in New York. It is on a kind of second bottnin. that rises gently from the water to a second bank. The ascent to this is not at all pre- cipitous. Having surmounted tliis bank, r.n extensive plain opens to view. It is neces?ib:e by steam-boats from Ntnv Orleans at the lowrst stages of the water. The town was founded by the Frencli from Canada in .1764, and many of the inhabitants are still French. Here is a Catholic college and'eatliedral. A considerable part of tiie western fur-trade centres here, ami the town is otherwise well situated for com- incrcc. The passage to New Orleans is 1,300 miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-boats constantly plying between these two placrs. For a more full account of steam-boats, soc State of Missouri. The town is regularly laid out, and extends 2 m. nion.n- tlie river. Pop. 5,8.52. Lat. 38= 36' N. ; lon. 83= 56' W. IiOUISA, CO. central part of Va. bounded N. by Orange and Spott.sylvania cos. E. by Hanover co. S. by Goocliland and Fluvana cos. and W. by All)emarle co. Pop. 16,151. LOUISIAN-\, V. and seat of justice, Pike CO. Miso. 06 in. N. from St. Louis. It is situ- LOU— LOW 319 5 m. NW. from Pa. 63 m. SW. on the Mississippi. ated on the Missisitippi, at the mouth of Salt river. LOUISLVNA, State of. See poffc 118. LOUISBURG, t. and cap. Franklin co. N.C overcomes the ascent of 22 feet by 5 locks, and is 40 feet deep. See page 133. LOUISVII-LK, t. and cap. JeiTerfon cc Oen. oil the Oijei'cfiee, 70 m. from its mouth, on Tar river, 23 miles Ni:. Irnin l{alri<;h, il.) ;)0 E. from :\Iillidff( villi-, 110 NW. from Sa- VVNVV. from Tarborowirh, 2.>(J from W. It ; vann.iii, fiJt Ironi W. It contains -si court- contaiiis 2 academics, one lor males, and thc'iiousi", a jail, and a inertin;j-iioM>c. This town other tor femr.lcs. LOlilSTOWN, V. Talbot co. Md. 10 m. NE. fron E:'.s(on. LOUISVILLE, t. St. Lawrence co. \. Y. on the St. Lawrence, :-'.) m. K. from Ogdins- burar, 5(i8 from \V. Pop. l,()7t]. I was lormtrly the seat of the state ftovern- nu'iit. LOL'TRE, isl. ;;iid v. .Montjromerv co. Miso. f>S rn. W. iron. St. LtMiis. Lat. 383 40' j^_ Loiitrc Island is in tiie .Mississippi river, op- ' posite Gasconade co. and below the mouth of LOUISVlLIiE, t. port of entry, and cap. 'Gascomide river. Jcfl'erson co. Ken. on tlie Ohio, at the head of | !,( H'llL, t. Oxforil co. Maine, 20 m. WSW. the IJapids, 140 m. bv the river Ik'Iow I'ineiu- from Pari-. Pup. 6.'8. ii.iti, 52 W. from Fninkiort, 137 .S. of E. from i LOVETON, t. liaUimorc co. Md. 55 m. Vincennes, and 5.')0 ti-oiii W. The position of from W. this city is 38= 18' N. imd 'i^ 1-2' \V. from W. ! LOVINGTON, t. Nelson co. Vu. 170 m. It contiined in 180(1, CUO inhahitanls; 1810, irom W. 1,350; 1821), 4,012; Ln'M, 10,;J3(5, having more j LOWELL, t. ."Middlesex co. Mass. on the than doubled its population within the I. ist l(t ; .'Merrimack, 25 m. N\V. from ijoston. This years. Louisville, in a commercial point of place has cfrown \ip within a (i'W years by view, is fiir the most important tow^n in the means ol' its manufactures, and is now the Btate. The main street is nearly a mile in 'most important manuliieturiiig^ town in the length, and is as noble as compact, and has as ^ Uniteif States, except Pittsbury;. It has tho much the air of a maritime town, as any j waters of the IMerrimaek at command, with a 6trcet in the western country. It is situated it'ull of above 30 (iet. The largest manufactur- on an extensive sloping |)lain, below the mouth ling establishments in the country are at this of Beargrass, about a quarter of a mile above hilace ; they belong to 8 or 10 different compa- the principal declivity of the falls. 'l"he three jnies. A small cotton manufactory was first principal streets run parallel with the river, established here in 1813, and others were and command fine views of the villages and added a short time afterwards; at present the the beautiful country on the opjwsite shore The public buildings are a court-house, jail, poor-house, and worli-house, powder magazine, marine hospital, city school-house, 8 churches for tho prevalent denominations of the country, Washington Hall, Columbian Inn, and other phicc continues to increase .ind bids fiiir to erpial any of the interior touns in the U. States. The manuliictnres of Lowell are cliielly cot- ton, of which more th:ui 14,0fl(',000 yards are made annually. Here are also made carpet- ing, eassimeres, satinets, u:,c. It ('ontains a respectable hotels. City Hall, United States j number of churches and [mblie buihlings, and Branch Bmk, house of Fire and Marine In- surance Company, Iron Foundery, Jetierson Cotton Factory, 5 steam-mills, Union Hall, and Theatre. The marine hospital is a conspicu- ous and showy building. The free j)ub!ic school-house is a noble edifice, taking into view its object. It was commenced in 182l>, as a kind of model school for a general system of free schools ; and was built at an expense of 7,500 dollars. It is intended to accommo- date 700 or 800 pupils. The greatest llill in the OhicT is just bflow this city. In high stages of water, the rocks and shallows are all covered, and boats i)ass without perceiving tlicm. But this stage of water does not occur, on an average, more than two months in the year, rendering it necessary at all other times, that boats from the lower country should stop here. The falls equally arrested boats from above. Consequently freights intended for the country above were required, at a great ex- pense of time, delay, and factorage, to be un- loaded, transported by land round the falls, and reloaded in boats above. Large steam-boats from New Orleans, though belonging to the 'Jpper country, were obliged to lie by through file summer at Portland. To remedy these inconveniences, the Louisville and Portland Canal round the falls has been constructed. It has li:id the niost ra|)id growth of any town in the state. In 1830 it contained G,47d inhabit, ants. LOWER ADDISON, v. Steuben co. N. Y. about 211 m. S, Irnm Path. LOWEil BARTLETT, v. Coos co. N. H. 76 m. N. from Concord. LOWER BLUE LICK, v. Nicliolas co. Ken. C)'.) m. NE. by E. from Frankfort. LO\VER CILMANTON, v. Strafford co. N. H. 24 m. NNE. from Concord. LOWER GUIVRE, f. St. Charles co. Miso. LOWER MARLBOROUGH, v. Calvert co. Md. on the E. side of I'atu.xent river, 30 m. SSW. of Annapolis, and 24 NW. of St. Leon- ards. LOWER SANDUSKY, v. Sandusky co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, 102 m. N. from Co- lumbus. Pop. 351. LOWER SMlTHFIELD,v. Northampton CO. Pa. about 15 m. NNE. from Easton. LOWHIliL, t. Lehigh co. Pa. LOWRY'S MILLS, v. Chesterfield district, S. C. 123 m. NE. from Columbia. LOWTHERSVILLE, v. of Lewis co. Va. 365 m. NW. from Richmond. LOWVILLE, V. of Lewis co. N. Y. on a small creek, near the W. side of Black river, 57 m. N. from Utica. i v.. 320 LOY— LYN &(^ I IXJYALIIANNON, r. Westmoreland co. Pa. wliicli runs NVV. into the KiHkiininitns. LOYAL LOCK GAP, v. Nortliuinberlond CO. Pa. LOYALSOCK, t. Lycoininia: co. Pa. LOYAr^StX^K, r. Lycominp co. Pa. rises on tlic southern borders of Bradford co. and flowing SW. between Muncy and Lycoming creciiH, fidls into tlic W. branch of Susquelmn- nah, 4 m. below William8|)ort. liOYSnOROUGH, V. Anderson co. Ten. LUANA, I'oint, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 77= 51' W. ; lat. 18° 2' N. LUIJKC, t. and port of entry, Washington CO. Mc. in Passamaquoddy Bay, on the nuiin land, which is here sciwratcd from the island of ('amiwbcllo by a strait 12 rods wide, called the Narrows or Western entrance of the Bay. The harbor is siiacious, sheltered from every wind, and never closed by ice. The principal Bettloment is at Flagg's Point on the Narrows. It was commenced in 1815, and is a flourish- ing village. 'I'hc inhabitants are chiefly en- gaged in commercial pursuits, particularly in the lumber trade and the fisheries. Most of tlie plaster received into the United ' States ^ from the British provinces is shipped through this port. Here is kept the custom-house for the district of Passamaquoddy. On West Quoddy head is a light-house. Lubcc lies 3 m. S. of Eastport, witli wiiich it has communi- cation by a terry, 28 m. E. of Machius. Pop. 1,535. Lat. 44° 47' ; N. lon. 67° 5' W. LUCEA HARBOR, bay on the N. side of Jamai'"'. 14 m. W. from Montego Bay. Lon. 78° y W. ; lat. 18° 28' N. LUCKETT'S, V. Orange co. Va. LUDLOW, t. Windsor co. Vt. 16 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,227. LUDLOW, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 m. NE. from Springfleld. Pop. 1,327. LUDLOW, or Yellow Springs, t. Greene CO. Ohio, 9 m. N. from Xenia. It is a beauti- ful spot, and is much frequented on account of its medicinal springs. LUDLOWVILLE, t. Tompkins co. N. Y LUIS DE LA PAZ, St. a town of Mexico, in the province of Mechoacan, 120 m. S. by E from Mechoacan. LUIS DE POTOSI, St. a city of Mexico, in the province of Mechoacan, situate in the midst of rich gold mines, and all the comforts of life. The streets arc neat and straight, and the churches magnificent. It is 180 ni. N. by W. of Mechoacan. Lon. 102° 54' W.; lat 22° 25' N. LUMBELRAND, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware river. Pop. 955. LUMBERTON, t. and cap. Robeson co. N.C. 33 m. SSW. from FayetteviUe, 31 from Winnefield. LUMBERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J. 1 m. SE. of Mount Holly. LUNA, Punta de, cape, on the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 75^5 8' W. ; lat. 21° 12' N, LUNENBURG, co. Va. between Nottaway and Meherrin rivers, bounded by Brunswick SE. Mecklenburg SW. Charlotte W. Prince Edward NW. and Nottaway NE. Length 22 m. mean width 10. Staples, cotton and to- bacco, t^hicf town, Lcwistown. Pop. 11,957. LUNENJ5URG, co. Nova Scotia, on Ma- honc Bay, whicii sctn up from Uic Atlantic. LUNENBURC;, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, 35 m. SW. from Halifax, 27 N. by E. from Liverpool. LUNENBURG, t. Essex co. Vt. on Conncc ticut river, 45 m. ENE. from Montpclier. Pop. 1,054. LUNENBURG, t. Worcester co. Mass. 25 in. N. from Worcester, 45 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,318. LURAY, V. Shenandoah co. Va. LUZERNE, t. Warren co. N. Y. on Hud. son river, 10 m. W. from Sandy Hill. Pop. 1,362. LUZERNE, CO. Pa. Iwnnded SE oy Piku and Northampton, S. by Schuylkill, SW. by ('Olumbia, W. by Lycoming, NW. by Briul- tbrd, N. by Susquclumnnh and E. by Wayiif. Lengtli 45 m. breadth 40. Pop. 27,304. Chief town, Wilkesbarre. LYCOMING, CO. Pa. inclosed by tlie cwm- tics of Potter, Tioga, Bradford, Luzerne, North, nmberland. Centre, Clearfield, and M'luan. Pop. 17,637. Chief town, Williamsport. LYCOMING, small river of Lycoming co. Pa. rising in the southern border of Bradford, leading with the Towanda, and flowing SW. falls into the W. branch, 2 m. above Williams, jwrt. LYMAN, t. York co. Me. 25. m. N. from York. Pop. 1,502. LYMAN, t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connect!, cut river, 13 ni. above Haverhill. Pop. 1,321. LYME, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. NE. from Dartmouth College. Pop. 1,804. LYME, t. New London co. Ct. on the L side of Connecticut river, at its moutli, oppo- site Saybrook, 40 m. E. from New Haven, 40 SE. from Hartford. Pop. 4,098. It has 6 houses of public worship. The shad fishery is carried on extensively at this place. A number of vessels are owned here, which arc employed in the coasting trade. LYME, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on lake On- tario. Pop. 2,872. LYME, t. Huron co. Ohio. LYME RANGE, a branch of the White Mountains, commencing a little below Nortli- ampton, Mass. and running S. along the E. bank of Connecticut river at the distance of 8 or 10 m. till it terminates at Lyme on Long Island Sound. LYNCHBURG, t. and cap. Campbell co. V«, on the S. bank of James river, 20 m. below the great falls, where the river breaks tlirough the Blue Ridge, 12 m. N. from Campbell C. H. 12 ENE. from New London, 100 W. from Rich- mond, 160 SW. from W. in a straight line. It contains 10 or 12 public buildings, 4 church- es, and a number of very handsome houses. It has twu bridges over the river, a large number of tobacco ware-houses and manufac- tories, and a great number of commission houses, flour-mills, and cotton and woollen manufactories. There are 4 mineral springs in its vicinity. It is favorably situated for LYN— MAC 321 cotton and trv 1. Pop. 11,957. Scotia, on Ma- the Atlantic, burjr CO. Nova ax, 27 N. by E. ). Vt. on Conncc- rtontpclier. Poi). Iter CO. "Masn. 25 W. from Uoslon. }. Va. ,.'n.'y. on Hud. andy Hill. Po|>. ded SE oy Pike iiuylkill, SVV. by r, NW. by Brad- nd E. by VVayiir. 'op. 27,304. Chid' losed by tlie cmm- •d, Luzerne, Nortlt- :ld, and M'Ktan. Villiamsport. r of Lycoming' co. Kjrder of Bradford, and flowinjr SVV. m. above Williaiiis- de. 25. m. N. from N. H. on Connecti- irhill. Pop. 1,321. N. H. 11 m. NF, Pop. 1,804. CO. Ct. on the L it its moutli, oppo- ni New Haven, 40 4,098. It has 6 The shad fishery at this place. A led here, which are rade. N. Y. on lake On- do. anch of the White ittle below North- ng S. along the E. at the distance of 8 at Lynie on Long !ap. Campbell CO. Vs. ver, 20 m. below the breaks through the , CampbcU C. H. 12 100 W. from Rich- in a straight line buildings, 4 church- ■y handsome houses. : the river, a large louses and manufac- iber of commission cotton and woollen •e 4 mineral springs •orably situated tor trade, not only with tlio wcstrrn pnrt of Ihc state, but witli tlio wcsttTii Htiilcs },'cncriilly. Sriiail boats roiivcy the abundant prodiici' wliidi is brought Ikto, down the rivt;r to Rii^li- iiioiid. The most im|M)rtant item in the pro- duce, is from 10 to 12,000 hoyjKlicads of l()l)ac. It is almost cmlKwomed in mountains, that have, however, fertile and |)0|)ulou.s val- liiys between, and is one of the most flourisii- iiHj and commercial towns in the state. He- side tobacco, it produces wiieat, llonr, and hemp. Pop. 4,020. Lat. 37° 30' lif. LYNCHBURG, v. Dldham co. Ken. 54 m. NW. by VV. from Frankfort. LYNC^HBIIRG. v. Lincoln co. Ten. 50 m. SSVV. from Murfreeslwrouph. r,YNCH'S CREEK, rises in N. C. a few mills W. of Snoadslx»roufrh, and flowing .S. enters S. C. and assuming a SE. course, falls into the (treat Pcdec. Tlic entire length of liyiich's creek exceeds 100 m LYNCHVS RIVER, r. Va. which runs into James river. Ion. 78^ 21' W. ; lat. 31^ 42' N. LYNCH LAKE, Williamsburg district, .S.C. LYNDEBOROUGH, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 10 m. NW. from Amherst. Pop. 1,147. LYNDON, t. Caledonia co. Va. 33 m. NE. from Montp'licr. Pop. 1,822. LYNESVILLE, v.Granvillc co. N. C. 60 m. N. from Raleigh. LYNKHORN BAY, bay on the coast of Va. at the Iwltoin of Cliesai)cake Bay, 2 or 3 ID, W. from Cape Henry. Lon. 76^ 6' W. ; lat. 3(5° .'■)G' N. LYNN, t. Essex co. Mass, famous for the iiKinufacturc of women's shots, 10 m. NE. of Ftoston, and 5 SW. of Salem, in lat. 42' 28' N In 1H31, 1,675,781 pairs of slioes were nianu- liictured in this town, valued at $942,191 — value of materials .$^114,000, neat protit of labor ¥.as,l!>l. I'op. 6,138. LYNN CREEK, v. (iilcs co. Ten. about 70 III. S. from Murfrecsborough. LYNNl'lELD, t. Essex co. Mass. 10 ni, W. from Salem, and UN. from Boston. Pop. GI7. LYNNHAVEN BAY, on the coast of Va. at the S. end of Chesapeake Bay, 7 rii. W. from Cape Henry. Here, in 1781, the Count dc (Irasse moored the nrincipal part of his fleet at the blockade of Yorktown. LYNN RIVER, in the co. of " Norfolk, U. C. rises in the town of Windham, and running from thence southerly through the township of Woodhousc, empties itself into Lake Erie, where it has about 3 feet water on the bar. It is a good harl)or for bateaux. LYNNSVILLE, v. in the western part of Lehigh CO. Pa. 80 m. NE. by E. from Harris- burg. LYONS, t. and seat of justice, Wayne co. N. Y. 16 m. N. from Geneva, 20 NE. from Canandaigua, and by the canal 117 ni. W. from Utica. Lat. 4.1^ 5' N. IN, t. riiirliclcl rn. ( »hio. I'op. !MII. .MAMISON, SK, t. Chirk <•(>. Ohio. roji. I, KIM. ,MAI)l!^'( »\, I. Fuycltr co. Ohio. Pop. 1,17H. .MADISON, t. Moiityoinny co. Ohio, W. fi'Diii Miiiini riviT, niui iidjoiiiiii;; to tliu co. of I'nl.lc. Top. 1 ;.>!(;. MADI.SON, V. irnmiRon co. Ohio, 1;l>3 in. .S\V. from ( 'oliimhiia. Top. 2Hi. MADISON, t. Ihitlir co. Poj). i»,12H. MADISON, NK. t Terry co. Pop. l,nr,H. MADISON, V. 1111(1 Kciit orjiistici', .IctltTwiii CO. III. on the Ohio ri\cr, lii in. iiliovc Fioiiis- viilc, T.'i ImJow ("iiicimijiti, mid .'iTli froin W. i'op. ahoiit l!,.'il)(). It lius aircfidy out; print- iiiir-ollicc and a hank. iM ADISON, CO. in W. Ten. liouiulod on the N. i>y (iilwoii and Carroll, 10. h) Hciidirsoii, S. hy M'Nairy and Flardinian, VV. hy Hay wooil. ]*op. ll,7oi). Jucksoii is tho (capital. MAF)lSON, CO. AliihaiiKi, on the N. sidt; ol" Tciincsst^c river. Pop. 52^,011. Chief town, FFiintsvilio. MADISON, t. Rhoa co. Ten. MADISON, CO. Ken. Chief town, Rich- mond. MADISON, or Pikcville, t. and cap. Bledsoe CO. TenncsHee, on \i c Secpiatchee, .').') in. aiiove its junction with the Tennessee, 100 W. from Kiioxville, 10.5 E.from Nashville, GOH from VV. MADISON, CO. Illinois, on the Alississippi, npiwsite the mouth of the Missouri. Pop. G,22'J. ('iiicf town, Edwurdsville. MADISON, v. Madison co. Illinois. MADISON, CO. Missouri, on the St. Fran- cis. Pop. 2,371. Chief town, Fredcricktown. MADISON, r. Missouri, one of tlie forks of the river Missouri. MADISON VILLE, t. St. Tammany co. I,a. on Lake Poiielmrtrain, at tin; inoiith of the Clicfuneti, 21 m. N. iioin New Orleans, and 127 N. from Natchez. MADISONVILLE, t. and cap. Hopkins co. Ken. 738 ill. from W. Pop. 112. MADRID, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the St, Lawrence, 250 m. NW. from Alhany. Pop. '','151). Here is an academy at a village called IFaniilton. MADRID, Now, district, Miso. Pop. 2,351. Chiof town, Winchester. MADRID, Nno, I. New Madrid district, Miso. on W. side of the river Mississi|)pi, 75 III. below the mouth of the Oliio, 1 IS S. from St. Louis. Lon. H!)° 30' W.; lat. 'MP 3G' N. This town was orijrinally laid out on an exton- ■sivc plan, and with the cxpectiition of its hc- fioming a great city. It is huilt on jirround somewhat hijrhcr than the ordinary hank of the Mississippi, hut is, however, exjio.sed to the ravajjes of the river, and is also environed liotli alxiye and Inflow with stajjiiant muddy crcek.s. It is not in a ilourishinfj state at pnsc^nt, tlinujrli th<> country around is pood. MAD river; r. N. H. wiiieh runs S\V. •nfotlie Merrimack, in Cain[>toii. MAD F{FVF;|{, ». Clianipai<,'n co. Ohio. I'op. I.7;(l. ^FADI{IVF:F{, r.Ohio, runs SW. into the (ircat Miiniii, at Diivton. F.( ii!;tii .'i5 III. MAD iM\ i;i;, t.Cl.irk co. Olrto. MA(;AI (;i' \DAVICK,r.Ncwnriinswick, wliicli runs into Pas^aiiiaipHMldy Itay, op|M)site St. Andrews. Ft has liills at tiic head of tido waters, li in. t'lom its inoiith, and another !) in. fiu'ther up tlu; river, at Uitli ol'uhieh saw-inillti are <'reeteil, and iuniieiise rpiantities of pinu and other hiniher yearly inaiiuliictiired. At the lower Ilills is a settlement containin;r two cliiircheH ami alxiiit 700 inh ihilants. There \h also a small settleim lit at the upper liills. M\(;A/.INE MoI'NT.MN, Arkansas ter. on the S. Mile ot" .ArkaiisaH river, 10 rii. alntvo the pile I ion of the Pelit John. It is 1,0UU or l;.'liO feet hinh. MA(;DAI,I:N river, r. L.C. which runa into the river St. Lawrence, in lon. t!5' 5' VV.; lat. lO^ 12' N. MACiDALENA, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs into the .sea, hctween the rivers Flores and iMcxicano. MA(;DALENE ISI,ANDS, chistcr of isls. 7 ill iiumher, in the <«iilf of St. Lawrence, 42 m. NVV. from the island of Cape Hreton. Lon. Cr^'IO' W.; lat. 17^ I.T to 47 ' 12' N. MAIJPIE RIVER, r. C;ahada, which runs into the (iiilf of St. Lawrence, G in. VV. from lh(! St. .John. M A II ANOY MOUNTAINS, arc one ridge between Mahaiioy and ('atawissa rivers; and another between iVIahanoy river and Shainokin creek. MAHANTANfiO, r. Pa. runs W. into the Susfpiehaiiiiah, 18 m. bidow Suiihury ; aiiotlicr which runs E. into Uic SusquehaimaJi, 2 in. abo\<' the lornier. MAIlONINt.', r. Vcnaiiffo co. Pa. rnnsW. into IIk; Alleufhany, 5 m. SE. from Franklin. MA110NlN(i, r. rises in Ohio, and pjissing into I'eiinsylvania, joins the Ohio river. MAFFON Y, r. Pa. which runs VV. into the Susrpiehaniiah, 10 m. S. (roiii Sunhury. MAIFONY, mf. F'a. N. of the Mahony r. MAIDI;N CFJEEK, r. Pa. which rmis into the Schiivlkill, 7 in. N. from Reading. MAIDSTONF-:, t. Essex co. V.C. on UieS, side of Tiako St. ( 'lair. MAIDSTONE, I. I^sscx co. Vt. onConncc ticnt r. 53 m. NIO. from MoiitjK'lier. Pop. 23fi. M.MLLARD, hold promontory, in L.C. on the N. coast of the St. Lawrence, 22 ni. below the island <)f Orlean.s. MAI N i;, one of the II. S. See jiagc 4.5. M AIS Y, Ciipi; the K. (extremity of the island of Culm. Lon. 7 1' 1' F5" W. ; lat. 20^ 20' N. M.\ F,;\ F?A R, ca|H', on SF'Lextremity of Mass, Lon. (il)-^ ,5.V VV.; lat. 11^ 31' N. MAIiAfJA, V. Oloiicestcr co. N. J. 30 m. S. from Philadelphia. MALAGA, v. Monroe co. Ohio, 147 in. SE. hy E. from Cohnnlius. MALHAY, r. L. C. which falls int/jtho St. Lawrence from the N. nearly o|)j)ositc to the Caiiiaroiiska islands, DO in. below Quebec. M AIiF)F'jN, I'hrl, now in ruins, was situated 324 MAI/^MAN I Ri on the rivrr IVtrolt, Ednex co. II. C. opuoHitt! Islu ail IIoIm MIiiiio. MAI.DKN, U in iho co. of Kwrt, ir. (;. \n fiituatcd nt tlui moutli of Dctroil river, on the E. iiido of the' Ktriiil, hiivinij ('()1< licstir to the K. and Huron to thr N. and itieUi(liii)( tin: vil- hgo. of Anilii;rHtliiir(f. MAr.DKN, t. Middh-Hcx co. Miihh. Hitiintiyl bfltwpon Mcdlbrd and I.ynn, .'» in. NK. from ItoHton. It iH united to ('harl(>.to^\'n by .Myn- tic bridpo. Pop. 2,010. MAr.LOYHVIIJ.K, v. VVilkcH co. (J.o. H-:> in. NK. from MilUidircvillc. MALONE, t. and cap. Franklin co. N. Y. 42 in. W. from Flntt«biirjr, 2:20 N. from Allia- ny, .W.! fron^ W. Pop. 2,207. Thu viilai^r,. BtandH on Satinon rircr. MALTA, t Saratoga co. N. Y. tlie prlnci- pal villttjfc, 7 ni. W. from Saratojrn, and !t in. SE. from Hallston Spa. Pop. 1,.')17. MAMAR(JNEC;K, t, WcBtchcKtcr co. N. Y. on Long iHJand Sound, 2.") m. N E. from New York. Pop. 838. Ub liarbor admitH vchkcIh of 100 tons. MAMELLE, mnuntninR, ArkanHas Tor. on tlic S. aide of Arkansas river, below the junc- tion of the Potcau. They arc estimated to oxcood 1,000 feet in heigiit, and arc supposed to be connected with tlie Muzcrn mountains. MAMMO'i'II CAViO, Ken. S(!e pivfre 1.10. MAMOKATING, t. .■iulHvnn co. N. Y. con- taining the village of Blofiniingburg, 2.3 m. VV. from Ncwburgh. Pop. 3,(.')2. MANASQUAN, r. N. .1. runs into the At- lantic. Lon. 74° 8' W. ; lal 40=' 8' N. MANATAWNY (JREEK , r. Montjromcry CO. Pa. runs into thp Schuylki.l, at Pottsdrove. MANATOULIN ISLAND.^ IJ. C. extend- ing from the W. side of Lake Huron in an 11. direction IGO m. Many of tlicmi are i'rom 2U to 30 m. long. MANAYUNK, v. Philadelphia co. Pa. It stands on the E. bank of the SchuylkilL MANBY POINT, cape, on the NVV. const of America, forming the VV. point at the .en- trance of Behring's Bay. Lon. 21!)° 17' E. ; lat. .59° 47' N. MANCENILLA, bay, on the N. side of St. Domingo. Lon. 7P 50" W. ; lot. lO^^ 50' N. MANCHAC, a pai. IXK MAiVCIIKSTKIJ, v. pleiiHrinlly situatid on the bank ol' tlie Ohio, in Adaiim eo. Oliin, jllll 111. S. by W, I'rom ('nliimbus, and 7iJ in tin- same direetion from Chillicotlie. MANCIIESTKU, t. Morgan eo. Ohio. INii,. H31. MANCHESTER, V. Dearborn co. In. Ill III. SE. from IndiiinnpoliH. MANCHKSTFH, v. St. Louis co. Minn. 17 111. from St. Louis. MANdlKSTKH, t. niilslKirongh eo. N. II. on the E. bank of the Merriiimek, Mi ni. S. from Concord, 42 W. from Portymoutli. I'nii. 877. MANCHESTER HOUSE, one of the Hu.l- son Bay Company's fiietories, N. Anierieu, dn till! SaHkatehawine, 100 in. W. from Hiidsdn's House, 75 .SK. from Biickingliaiii House. Loii. 10!)°20' VV.; lat. .I.'P 14' 18" N. MANCHESTER VILLACiH, v. on Ihf Oriskiiny creek, where crossed by tlu^ {rrciil western road, Oneida co. N. Y. !) in. a little S. of W. from Utica. MANDAN, Indian village, on Missnnri river, 1,()()0 in. from the l\Iississip])i. Lou. 1(10° 50' VV. ; lat d?'-"' 20' N. Here Lewis and Clark encamped diirinfr the winter of lr<01-,"(, on their voyage; uj) the Missouri. MANHEIM, t. H(;j. MANSFIELD, t nnd scat of jiiNtico, for Richland co. Ohio, coiitiiiniii^ 640 iiih:il>itiints. It standu 73 m. NE. from Cohuniiiis, uiid 3!^0 from \V. MANSFIET-D, v. Amelia co. Vu. 20 m by land iiliovc I'etersbiirp. MANSFIELD CENTRE, v. Windluim co. Ct :i') 111. NE. from Hartford. MANSFIELD ISLAND, island in Ilnd- son's Hay. Lon. 80° 40' W. ; lat. 02° 5' N. MANTUA, t. Portajre co. Ohio, on (Juya- hoffa river, 10 in. N. from Ravenna. Pop. 9t!>. MANUEL'S FORT, Missouri Territory, on the YcUow-Htonc. Lon. lOG^ 30' VV. ; lat. 4(P N. MARATHON, now Moulton, t. and seat of justice, Lawrence co. Al. on the lefl bank of TenncHBec river, 35 m. W. from Iluntsville, 779 from W. . MARBLEHEAD, t Essex co. M.iss. 4 m. SE. from Salem, 16 NE. from Boston. Lat. 42° 32' N. ; lon. 70° 50' W. It contains a bank, a custom-house, and 5 houses for public worship, 2 for Con^jregatioiialists, 1 for Epis- copalians, 1 for Mcthwlists, and 1 for Baptists. The harbor lies in front of^ tlie town, and ex- tends from SW. to NE, about a mile and a half in length, and is half a mile broad. It is convenient, and well defended by Fort Sewall. The inhabitants of this town arc more exten- sively engaged in the bank fisheries than any other in the U. S. Pop. 5,150. MARBLETOWN, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 10 m. W. from Kingston. Fop. 3,223. MARCELLUS, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Skcncateles Lake, 10 m. W. from Onondaga, 60 W. from Utica. Fop. 2,626. In this town is tlic village of "Skeneateles. MARCUS HOOK, v. Delaware co. Pa. on tlie Delaware, 20 m. below Philadelplila. MARENGO, v. Seneca co. N. Y, MARENGO, CO. Al. bounded W. by Tom- bigbce and Black Warrior rivers, N. by Tusca- loosa ca E. and SE. by Dallas, and S. by Cliirkr. Lcn-flh r.n 111. nie:iii width 90. Sur- fiiec hilly, iiiid soil of a ptior <|iiiilily, except iiciir the stnaiiiH. Plrrity of gotHJ pine timlMT urows hire. 'I'he valley" jiriMliire coltoii, wliiili is Ihr priii(i|>iil arlirlf of Iradr. Chief (own, i:,ii;l( \illr. Pop. in JKjO, ;i,!l33; in l>;«l>, 7.7I-.'. .\!AR(;ALLAWAY, r. whi.h rises in the inoinitaiiiH uhicli separate Caiiiida from .Maine, runs soiillicrly, partly in .Maine aiul jiarlly in .\. Ilanipsliire, and llnws 1*1110 I 'inliago|; Lako. Tliis is the head brunili of the Aiidroseog. gill. MAIMJARET'I'A, t. Huron ro. Ohio. .A!AiJ<;\l{i;TTA"S CIMIKK, Ohio, runs into Ihc lloeklioekint:, opjKwile .Alhcns. Al .\ !{< ; A n I :TTSV ILLK, v. U aslnngton co. ■Md. 1(1 111. .S. by E. from i;ii/.iil«(li(own. iMAUtJO'J', r. .Mississip|»i, whieli rniis into the Mississippi, lii(. .*<.'»' 2f*' N . The ground helow its jiiiirtion with the Mississippi is ele- vated anV. ; lat. 41 ' 2'N. MARIA, r. N. America, whicli rises in the Rocky Mountains and rims into the Missouri, HI III. below the (Jreat Falls. MARIANNE ISLAND.^, 3 small islands in Lake Horgne, Mississippi. MARIA'S RIVER, branch of Missouri, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, near lat. 50^ N. Its general course is SE. into the Missouri, which it joins alwiit 50 ni. below tlio (jJreat Falls. MARIE, r. II. which runs info the Missis- sippi, between the Auvasc and the Kaskaskias. MARIE, Cape. Dame, the VV. point of St. Domingo, which, with the Cape St. Nicholas, forms the entrance of the Hay of Leogane. Lon. 74^ 2(1' VV.; lat. 18^ 3h'^ N. It is 60 leagues VV. from Port au Prince. MsMHETTA, bor. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E. side of the SusfpieJiannah, 12 m. VV. from Lancaster, 3 N. from Columbia. Pop. 6,0.'i8, including the townshi]) of Donegal. MAIUETTA, t. and cap. Washington co. Ohio, on till! W. bank of the Ohio river, ini- inediately above the mouth of the Muskingum, 178 m. below Pittsburg, !I3 E. by N. from Chillieothc, 109 SE. from Columbus, 61 SE. from Zancsville. Lat. 39° 25' N.; lon. 81° 30' W. 304 from W. It contains 2 churches, an academy, the jiublic county buildings, two printing-oflices, a bank, 20 stores, about flO houses, and the whole township 1,914 inhabit- ants. The people are noted for their industry and sobriety, nnd tlie politeness and urbanity of their manners. Ships were formerly built here ; but from some cause the business has lieen discontinued. The situation of the town is unfortunate ; parts of it being liable to an- nual inundation. Pop. 1,207. MARIEGALANTE, one of the leeward Cariblice islands, in the W. Indies, subject to the French, extending 16 m. from N.to S. and 4 from E. to W. It is full of liills, and along the E. shore are lolly perpendicular rocks, that ■HI 320 MAR— MAR .hi m 1 t mm' M I 1 lW||i; ' ImW^ t 'xH '• U > .■' w \i' \i S">, slicltcr v.'isf. ntiiii1)rr=! oT frn])ir.il h\r(U. Tt. Iiiis sovonil larfTo pnv arc colored. MARI()>f, t. and, cap. Twijrprs co. Geo. MARK )N, V. Marion co. Al. MARION, CO. Ohio, Ixmiided on tbo N. by Crawford, E. by Riclilaiui, S. by Delaware and Union cos, and on the W. by Hardin co. It is 33 m. lonp from M. to W. and 18 broad from N. to S. Pop. 6,558. Cliicf town, Ma- rion. MARION, V. and cap. Marion co. Ohio, on tlie road from Columbus to Perryvillc, 48 ni. NW. from Columbus, and 41 G from '.V. Vop. 287. MARION, V.Colo CO. Miso. 14'! m. W. from St Louis. MARION, C. H. Marion district, S. C. 124 in. a little N. of E. from Columbia. MARION, CO. Ten. bounded S. by Al. and Geo. W. and NVV. by Franklin, N. by Rlcd soc, and E. by Hamilton and the Clicrokce lands ; Icufrth 32, mean width 18 m. Surface hilly, and in part mountainous. Tennessee river crosses its SE. anjrlp. (Jliief town, Jas- per. Pop. in 1820, 3,888 ; in 1830, .'),51(J. MARION, CO. Al. bounded VV. by Monroe CO. in Miss, and the Chickasaw lands, N. by Franklin co. in Al. NE. by Lawrence, and E. by Blount and .Tetferson. Lenjrth, 50 in. mean width 30. Pop. 4,058. Chief town, Pikcvillc. MARION, CO. In. Chief town, Indiaiiajrolis, the capital of the state. • Pop. 7,181. MARKT-ES MILL, v. Vigo co. In. MART,iJOROU(ifI, t. Greenville co. U. C. MARLROROlUai, t. Middlesex co. U. V. MARfilJOROUGH, t. ('heshirc co. N. H. 5 m. SE. from Keen.;. Poj.. 822. MARLIlOROUnil, t. Windham co.Vt. 14 ni. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,218. MARLI50R0U(JH, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1 (! m. E. from ^Vorcestcr, 27 W. from Boston. Pop. 2,074. MARLBOROUGH, t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. SE. from Hartford. Pop. 704. MARLBOROUGH, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the HtuLson, 23 m. l)clow Kiiifjsttm. Pop. 2,272. It has 2 h ^uscs of puiilic worsliip, 1 for (juakcrs, and 1 tor Presbyterians. MARLBOROUGH, Lower, v. (Calvert co. M(l. on the Patux(!nt, 3(J m. SW. from An- najiolis. MARLBOROITGH, Upper, t. and cap. Prince (Jeorgc co. Md. on tlie Patuxcnt, 21 ni. SW. from Annapolis. MARLBOROIKJH, district, S. C. Pop. ^,578. At llio court-house is a post-oHicj. MARLBOROTKHf, f. in tlm northern bor- ders of Delawart! co. Ohio, which is situated ill tlie villajje of Norton. Pop. 504. MARLBOROUf.'H, v. Marlborough dis- trict, S.C. !tl III. NE. from (Wnmbia. MARLIJOROUCJH, New, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 23 111. SSE. ti'om Lenox, 118 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,()5G. A mineral spring has been discovered here. MAR LEY'S STORE, V.Sampson co. N.C. MARLOW, t. (-heshire co. N. H. 33 m. W. from Concord. Pop. 645. MAI{QUESAHO, Villa del, t. Mexico, 18 leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 277° 10 W. ; lat. IHO 2' N. MARCiUETTE, r. Michigan, whicli runs W. and til lis into Lake Michigan. MAIUiUIS ISLANDS, cluster of small isl- ands in the Florida stream. Lon. 81° 30' W.; lat. 24^ 3.V N. . • MARRATTICK, t. Halifax co. N. C. on the S. bank of the Roanoke, nt tlie ^jot of tlie lower falls. It has a pleasant and advantageous situation. M,\RR'S BLUFF, v. Liberty district, S. C. MARSH ISLAND, isl. Maine, in the Pe- nobscot, 4 m. above Bangor. MARSHALLVILLE, v. Anson co. N. C. MARSHALLSVILLE, v. MecUenburg co, Va. MARSHALLTON, v. CJicster co. Va. MARSIIFIELD, t. Wasliington co. Vt. 11 m. ENE. from Montpelicr. Pop. 1,271. MARSHFIELD, t. Plymoutli co. Mass. 15 m. NNW. from Plyinoutli, 30 SE. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,563. MARSHPEE. Sec Mashpee. MARSHY-HOPE, r. Md. which rises in Delaware, and nms SW. into the Nanticoke, 5 m. NE. from Vienna. MARTHA'S RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Missouri, 60 m. above the Yel- low-stone. MARTHASVILLE, t. St; Cliarles district, Missouri territory, 40 m. W. from St. Cliarles. MARTHASVIRI^E, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 66 ill. VV. from St. Louis. MAIiTHA'S VINEYARD, isl. Mass. 8 ni. S. from Falmouth, 12 WSW. from Nantucket, 1 !) m. long, and from 2 to 1 broad. liOn. 70^ 40' W. ; lat. 41° 40' N. Tlie greatest part of the island is low and level land. In some parts the soil is fi;rtile, but a great jiroportion is un- productive. The trees on the island are small. The principal niannflictures are those of wool and salt. The island contains 3 towns, Ed- gartown, Tisbury, and Chilmark. MARTKTHJ.E, v. Lancaster co. Pa. MARTIN, Cape, promontory of Valencia, in Sjiain, which separates the (iulf of Valen cia from that of Alicant. Lon. 0° 36' Ei ; lat. 38° 54' N. MARTIN, CO. N. C. bounded by Beaufort SE. Pitt SW. I^dgecoinbe W. Halifax NW. Roanoke river, or Bertie N. and Washington E. Length 35 m. mean width about 14- Chief town, Williamston. Pop. in 1820, 6,.320; in 1830, 6,320. MARTIN, CO. In. bounded by Owen and ' f u MAR— MAT 327 nd advantageous idod by Beaufort V. Unlifiix NW. and WaHliinfjton ul)out14. Cliief 1820, 6,320; i" Piivies S. Hiillivan and Viirn W. \Val)iisli siih Delaware NW. and iMniiroc and fiawntiee I'l. Lenirth 47 ni. width 21. TIk- VV. liraneli of VVlule l{iver runs tliroiiifli IIiIh eo. from NW. to SLO. 'I'lie sod i.s jfciurally very -rood. C'liief town, Mount Pleasant. Top. in Jti20, 1,032 ; m 1H:}0, 2,010. MARTINICO, one of the Windward Car- ibbeo Islands, in tlic West Indies, 40 m. in Icngtli, and 100 in circumference. Tliere are many hif(h mountains, covered with trees, as well as several rivers and icrtilc valleys, but they protluce neither wlieat nor vines. It jjroduces sujjar, cotton, jjingcr, indijjo, cliocolate, aloes, pimento, plantains, and other troj>ical fruits; and is extremely p«pidous. Sonic of tlie an cient inhabitants still remain. It has Hcvcral safe and commodious harbors, well fortified, Fort St. Pierre, the priucipid place, is in Ion, 6F20'W.; lat. 14=14' N. MARTINSIU)R()U(iII, t. N. C. on Tar r, 20 ni. above Washinjrton. MARTINSIJURC;, t. and cap. I.ewia co, N. Y. on Black river, 48 ni. N !■:. from IJtica, 1 14 NW. from Albany, l.'U from W. Pop. 2,382. Here is a pleasant and tlourisliin;!f vil- lage, which contains a court-house, a jail, a inet'ting-house, a paper-inill,.and other valuable mills. MARTINSBURG, t. and cap. Berkeley co. Va. 8 ni. S. of the Potomac, 22 NNE. from Winchester, 71 from W. It contains a court- house, a jail, ton academy, an Episcopal church, and about 150 houses. It is situated in a rich and beautiful country. MARTINSBURG, t. Hopkins co. Ken. MARTINSBURG, v. in the northern part of Bedford co. Pa. 27 miles NNE. from Bed- ford. MARTINSVILLE, v. Ilcnry co. Va. 20 m. WNW. from Danville. MARY ANN F(JRGE, v. Somerset co. Pa. MARYLAND, one of the U. S. Sec page 87. MARYLAND, t. Otsego co. N. Y. IGm. S. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,834. MARYLAND POINT, a point formed by a bend in the Potomac, Md. 12 m. SW. from Port Tobacco. MARYSVILLE, t. and cap. C'liarlotte co. Va. about 3-1 m. SE. from Lynchburg, 187 from W. MARYSVILLE, v. Campbell co. Va. MARYSVILLE, v. Harrisou eo. Ken. MARYVILLE, t. and cap. Blount co. Ten. 15 m. S. from Knoxville, .5.32 from W. It con- tains a coui-t-honse, a jail, and a bank. MASCOMY PONb,N. 11. in Enfield and Lebanon, chiefly in the former. It is 1,250 rods in length, and 250 in brfiadth. MASCOMY, r. N. H. which runs into the Connecticut, in Lebanon ; 7 m. long. MASCONTIN, r. Illinois, which empties into the Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort Harrison. MASCOUCHE, r. L. Canada, which fidls into the river St. John, aliout 12 m. betljre tlie latter joins the St. Lawrence. MASCOIIRY, I'uiut ./r,.t,iiH- on the noilii roi'si of St. Domingo. Lon. 7P 10' W.; lat. I'J^ 15' N. MASIIPEH, t. IJarnslablo eo. Mass. 11 m. S, trom Sandwich, 13 SW. from Barnstable. It has 2 harlM)rH, PopjMUiesset Bay, and Wa- (juoit Bay, botli of whicli have burs at their mouths. MASON, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 12 m. SW. from Amherst, 42 SSW. from Concord. Poj.. 1,403. MASON, CO. NW. side of Va. Iwunded NE. by Wood CO. SE. and S. by Kenhawa co. and W. and NW. by the Ohio; .352 m. from W. Pop. 6,534. Chief town, Point Pleasant. MASON, CO. Ken. bounded by the Ohio r. NE. Lewis E. Fleming SE. and S. Nicholas SW. and Bracken W. ; length 18 m. mean width 14. Suriiice luieven, though there are considerable tracts of <;xeellent soil on streams, particularly the Ohio. Sta|)les, grain, Hour, whisky, &,c. (^hief towns, Washington, and the seat of justice, Maysville. Poj>. in 1820, 13,588; in 1830, 16,203. MASON HALL, v. Orange co. N.C. MASt)N'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Poto- mac; lon. 77° 13' W.; kit. lilP N. MASONVILLE, t. Delaware co. N. Y. ad- jacent to the SE. angle of Chenango co. 26 ni. W. from Delhi. MASSAB15SICK POND, N. H. mostly in Chester, but jjartly iij Manchester. It is a beautiful sheet of water, about 3 m. long, con- tairung 1,512 acres. MASSAC CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, lon. 8!)" 25' W. ; lat. 3ii^ 47' N. MASSACHUSETTS, State of. See p. 54. MASSACHUSETTS BAY, between Caiw Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S. MASSACRE ISLAND, Al. 2 m. E. from Horn island, 10 m. from the main land, MASSASINWAY, r. In. unites with Little river at Fort Tecuniselj to form the Wabash. MASSENA, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence. MASSERN, a hill on the S. side of the Ar- kansas, near Fort Smith. MASSIE'S CREEK, r. Ohio, joins tlic Lit- tie Miami, 4 ni. above Xenia. 'Phcrc are falls near its mouth. MATACA, Mantaca, commodious bay on the N. coast of the island of Cuba, 35 m. E. of Havana; lon. 8frJ 16' W.; lat. 2;P 12' N. MATANCHET, t. 3le\ico, on the Pacific Ocean. I,on. 105^ 24' VV. ; lat. 20° 45' N. MATANE, r. L. C. which falls into tlie S. side of the St. Lawrence, near its mouth. MATANZA RIVER, an inlet of the sea on the E. coast of Florida, 20 m. S. from St Augustine. IMATANZAS, t. on the N. coast of Cuba, 60 m. E. from Havana. It has a large and safo harbor. Lon. 81° 30' W.; lat. 23° 3' N. Pop. 7,000. MATAOUASCHIE RIVER, r. U. Canada, runs into the Ottawa river, above the river du Rideau. fVIATAPEDIACII, Lake, L.C. tlic source of Itistigouehe liver. 328 MAT— MEA •'i ■'If., * « ', ..*^ ,> » '! < . ' la ■ir, MATCIIEDASII, buy, in the eastern |)art of Ijakc Huron, into which the river Severn empties, and forms a conuuunication with Lake Simcoe, U. C. MATILDA, V. Fairfax co. Va. on the Poto- mac, near tlie Great Fall. MATILDA, t. Dundas co. U. Canada, on tlic St. Tiawrenec. MATILDAVILLE, v. Fairfax co. Va. at the nfouth of Difficult creek, 17 miles above Washinffton City. MATINICUS, isls. Maine, S. of Penobscot Bay. Lon. 68° 20' W ; lat. 43^ 56' N. MATTALUCK, r. Ct which at Waterbury lakes the name of Naugatuck. MATT AFOISETTS, V.Plymouth co. Mass. 20 m. SSW. from Flymoutli, and 6G a little E. of S. from Boston. MATTAPONY, r. Va. rises in Spottsylva nia CO. and running SE. joins the Pamunky at Delaware, to form York river. It admits loud ed flats to Downer's Bridge, 70 m. above its mouth. MATTHEW.^?, CO. Va. commencing 8 m S. from the mouth of the Potomac. There is a post-office at the court-house. Pop. in 1820, 6,920 ; in 1830, 7,663. MATTHEWS, C. H. Matthews co. Va. 108 m. E. from Richmond. MATTITUCK, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. on Po- conic bay, 8 m. SW. from Southold, and 85 E. from New York. MAUCHCHUNK, v. Northampton co. Pa. on the right bank of the Lehigh, 30 m. by land above Bethlehem. It is the kmding for the coal procured on a mountain of the same name. Pop. 1,362. MAUGERVILLE, t. New Brunswick, in Sunl)ury co. on St. .John's river. MAUMEE, r. rises in Indiana, flows NE, into the NW. angle of Ohio, through which it continues NEi. and falls into the extreme SW. extension of Lake Eric. About 18 m. above its mouth it is imi)cdod by shoals, occasioned by a series of ledges of rock, which cross the river for a distance of 18 miles. It is a fine navigable stream above and below these shoals. Its principal branches, which all unite above tlio shoals, arc St. Mary's, St. Joseph's, and Great and Tiittle Auglaize. MAUMEE BAY, is nn oval sheet of water, 5 m. lontr and about 2 wide, and at the mouth of the Maumee river; it is united to Lake Erie by two channels, formed by a small island in the form of a crescent. The western chaji- nel has a depth of about 7 feet. RIAUMEE, V. Wood co. (^hio, on the lefl bank of Maumee river, above its lower falls, and nearly opposite Fort Meigs, Lat. 41° 33' N. ; lon. from W. 6= W W. MAUREPAS, lake, La. It is formed by a dilation of the Amite rivc^r, and communicates with Lake Foncharlrain by a strait 7 miles in length, called the pass of Manehac. It is of an oval figure, 12 ni. by 7. It receives from the S. the Acadian rn^ek, from the W. New river and Amite river, and from tlie N. the Tiekoshah. Its depth is about 12tcet, but the pass of Manehac admits of vessels of 6 feet draft only. MAURICE, r. N..T. which runs into Dela- ware Bay in CJumberbmJ co. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 100 tons. MAURICE, ST. r. L. C. which enters the St. Lawrence from the N. at the town of Three Rivers. MAURICE, ST. CO, L. C. on both sides of St. Maurice river, and extends along the NE. shore of St. Lawrence river, from 3 m. abov'e St Anne river to 6 m. above the Majkinongc, or about 58 m. Its capital is the town of Three Rivers, the third in size in Canada. MAURICE RIVER, t Cumberland co, N, J. Pop. 2,085. MAURY, CO. W. Ten. bounded by Giles S. Hickman W. Duck river or Williamson N, Bedford E. Length 35 m. mean width 20, area 700 sq. m. Surface hilly. Soil excellent. Staple cotton. Chief town, Columbia, 40 ni. SSW. from Nashville. Pop. in 1820, 22,141. Lat. 35° 30' N.; lon. 10° W. from W. MAY, r. S. C. whjch runs into tlio Atlantic. Lon. 80° 55' W.; lat. 32^ 15' N. MAYFIELD, t. Montgomery co. N. Y.40 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,614. MAYLICK, a salt spring, in Mason co. Ken. 9 m. SSW. fi-om W. MAYO, r. vvhich rises in Va. and runs into the Dan, in N. C. MAY'S LANDING, v. Gloucester co. N. J, MAY'S LICK, t. Mason co. Ken. MAYSVILLE, t. Mason co. Ken. on the Ohio, 3 m. NE. from Washington, 60 NE. from Lexington, 63 above Cincinnati, 275 m. by land, and 500 by water, below Pittsburg. It has a fine harbor for boats, and is situated on a narrow bottom on the verge of a chain of high hills. There are three streets running parallel with the river, and four streets cross- ing them at right angles. This place has the usual numbur of stores and manutactories. Glass and some other articles are manufactured to a consif Yucatan, 70 m. NE. from Campcachy. Pop. 10,000. MERIDEN, t. New Haven co. Ct. 17 m. N, from New Haven, 17 S. from Hartford. Pop, 1,708. It contains 3 churches, 1 for Congre- gationolists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. Here are several manufactories of tin ware. MERIDIAN, V. Madison co. Missouri. MERIDIANVILLE, v. Madison co. Al. 8 m. N. from Huntsville. MERMENTAU, Me.\icana, or Muntou, r. La. which, after a S. course of 200 m. falls into the Gulf of Mexico, 200 m. W. of the Missis- Bippi. In the lower part of its course, it ex- pands into a spacious lake, and again contracts to a small river. MEROM, t. and cap. Sullivan co. In. on the E. side of the Wabash, 35 m. above Vincennes. Its situation is elevated, commanding a view of the prairie country for 30 m. It is 688 m. from W. MERRIMACK, r. N. H. formed by the Union of the Pcmigewasset and the Winni- piserjg'ce. It rises in Grafton co. and runs in a SR direction through the state. It then en- ters Masoachusettcs makes a turn to the NE. t: and ertipties into the Atlantic Ocean below N(!wbury|)ort. It is navigable to Haverliill. 'I'lic Middles(!x canal eonncils this river with Boston liarlK)r, and, by means of various im- provements aroinid the rapids and fills of the river, the navigation is now extended as high up as f'oncord. MERRI.VIA(^K, r. of Miso. rises in Frank- lin CO. flows NE. through Franklin, and sepa- rating Jefferson from Sti liOuis, fills into the Mississippi, 5 m. below the town of St. Louis. MERRIMACK, co. N. H. formed from the towns adjacent to, and including tlie state capital. Concord. Pop. 31,(>19. 3IERR1MACK, t. Hillsborough co. N.H. 6 m. E. from Amherst. Pop. 1,191. MERRIMACK, t. Washington co. Miso. MKRRIMACK, t. Franldin co. Miso. MERRIMAC^K, r. Miso. which rises in tlin higlilands E. of the Gasconade, and falls into the Mississip|)i, 20 m. below St. Louis. MERRnv'rOWN, V. Fayette co. Pa. MERRY HILT-, v. Bertie co. N. C. MERRYMEETlNii BAY, Me. is forme.) by the junction of the Kennebeek and Andros- coggin rivers, 20 m. from tlie sea. MERRYMEETIN(i BAY, N. H, the SE. arm of Lake Winnipiseogee, extending about 5 m. in the township of Alton. MERRY'S ISLAND, isl. in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 93" 5' W. ; lat. 61° 52' N. MERSEA, t. Essex co. U. C. on Lake Eric. MERUVAIS, r. NW. Territory, runs into Lake Superior. It interlocks witJi the St. Croix, a water of the Mississippi. MESOPOTAMIA, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, IG m. NW. ft'om Warren. MESQUITAL, t. Mexico, 18 m. NE. from Guadalaxara. META, r. Arkansas, which traverses the whole length of the Great Prairie, and empties into the N. side of Arkansas river, several ni. above the post of Arkansas. METCALFBOROUGH, v. Franklin co. T^GriTicsscc MEXICALTZINCO, t. Mexico, 6 m. SE. from Mexico. MEXICO, Republic of. See page 159. MEXK'O, City of, capital of the re|)ubiie bf the same name, is situated in lat. 19'^ 26' N. ; lon. from W. ^2^ 5' W. on or near the W. shore of tlie Lake Tezeuco, and in tlic central part of the valley of Tenochtillan, and also, nearly at mid-distance between Vera Cruz and Aeapulco. The site of Mexico is elevated 7,470 feet above the ocean. The ancient city was divided into four quarters, Teopan or Xo- chimilco, Atzacualco, Moyotla, and Creepopan ; and the old limits are preserved in St. Paul, St. Sebastian, St. John, and St. Mary. The present streets have for the most part the same direction with the old ones, running from N. to S. and from E. to W. But what gives the new city a peculiar and distinctive character, is, that it is situated entirely on the continent, between the extremities of the two Lakes of Tezeuco, and Xochimilco, and that it only re- ceives by navigable canals the fresh water of the Xochimilco. A canal, dug at a prodigious u MEX-MID 331 ic Ocean below Ic to Ilaverliill. ^ this river with H of various iin- I and fiilis of the extended as iiigh ). rises in Frank- mklin, and scpa. lis, falls into the )wn of St. I.ouis. formed iroin th« liiding tlie state .9. rough CO. N. H. 6 i,iyi. igton CO. Miso. in CO. Miso. A'hich rises in tiic ,dc, and falls intx) St. Louis. ycttc CO. Pa. , CO. N. C. ,Y, Me. is formed ;beck and Andros- e sea. ,Y, N.H.thcSE, , extending about on. , in Hudson's Bay, 'N. f. C. on Lake Eric. prritory, runs into cks witlj the St. isippi. uiibull CO. Ohio, 16 0, 18 m. NE. from lieh traverses the rairie, and empties s river, several lu. V. Franklin co. Mexico, 6 m. SE. See page 159. Uil of the republic ,ted in lat. 19° 26' on or near the W. and in the centnil ehtillan, and also, ecn Vera Cruz and lexico is elevated The ancient city ers, Teopan or Xo- ila,andCrecpopan; 'served in St. Paul, id St. Mary. The most part the same 1, running from N. Jut what gives the dinctivc character, y on the continent, ' the two Lakes of ind that it only re- the fresh water of iug at a prodigious expense, under the niuuiituiuH, contributes to drain it. The houses are iiuilt on piles, us the ground is by no means firm. The streets, though wide, are badly paved. The houses in this strange and rich vale on the sununifs of mountains, are as magnificent and unique, as the position. They are spacious, and built of porphyry and amygdaloid. Many of the pal- aces and private mansions have an imiw.sing show, and glitter with metallic riches. The cathedral is, perhaps, the richest in the world. Altars, candle-sticks and images of the saints are of colossal size, and solid silver, and orna- mented with precious stones. Palaces, man- sions of great families, beautiful fountains and extensive squares, adorn the interior of this city. Near the suburbs, to tiic north, is the alameda, or chief promenade. Round this walk flows a rivulet forming a fine square, in the centre of which is a fountain, with a basin. Eight alleys of trees terminate here, in the form of an altar. The detestable Inquisition, finally abolished by the ex-emiwror Iturbide, was near this square. This superb city is in- habited by 1 60,000 peoi)lc, and is the centre of more scientific establishments than any other Spanish town in America. MEXICO, Gulf of, a large bay or gulf of tlie Atlantic, extending from llic coast of Flor- ida to Yucatan, iiliout GOO m. and from Cuba to the coast of Mexico, about 700. MEXICO, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. M\. MEXICO, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico Bay, in Lake Ontario, 1.1 m. E. from Oswego. Lat. 4.3'5 31' N. Pop. 3,671. MEXTITLAN, t. Mexico, 9.5 m. ENE. from .Mexico. Lon. 98^ 2' W. ; lat. 20° 37' N. MIAMI, r. Ohio, which, aflcr a course of 100 miles, enters the Ohio near the south-west ':orner of the state. It is navigable 7.'> miles. There is a ]>ortage of only .') miles between its head waters and the Auglaize, u river of dake Erie. MIAMI, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio river, 7 m. almve CinciiTiiali. In Greene co. there are remarkable falls in the river. It is one of the best mill-streams in the state. MIAMI, CO. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Shelby, E. by Champaign and Clarke cos. S. by Montgomery, and VV. by Dark co. It is 21 m. in extent from N. to S. by 20 from E. to W. Cliief town, Troy. Pop. 12,806. MIAMI, V. Hamilton co. Ohio, I.') m. above the mouth of Great Miami river, and 16 W. from Cincinnati. Pop. 113. MIAMI, t. Greene co. Ohio. Pop. 780. MIAMI'S BERG, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. S. from Dayton. MIAMI UNIVERSITY, Oxford t. Butler CO. Ohio. MIAMI, western t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 825. MICHAELS, t. and cap. Madison co. Miso. 30 m. SW. from Genevieve. MICHIGAN, Lake, U. S. 260 m. long, 55 broad, and 800 in circumference, containing, according to Hutchins, 10,368,000 acres, or 16,200 sq. ms. On the NE. it communicates with Lake Huron, through the straits of Micliil- limackiiKK k, and on the N\V. it ItriineheH out into two imys, one euUed No(|Uft'9 and the other Green Bay. The lake is navigable for ships of any burden, and has fish of various kinds, particularly trtiut, of a large size and excellent quality, and sturgeon. \.nn. 84° 30' to 87= W. ; lat. 41= S-V to 45= 50' N. MKJHKiAN TERUITORY. Sec p. 151. MICFIILLIMACKINACK, co. Michigan. It comprises all the northern part of the Ter- ritory. Michillimackinack, or Mackinack, on the island of that name, is the capital. Pop. 877. MICHILLIMACKINACK, a broad river or strait, which connects I,akc Huron to Lake Michigan. It is 6 m. wide and 20 or 30 long. MICHILLIMACKINACK, district, Michi- gan. MICHILLIMACKINACK, Zi«/e, r. II. which runs NW. into tlie Illinois, 13 m. below the Illinois Lake. It is about 170 m. long, and navigable' for boats 90. MICHILLIMACKINACK, or Mackinack, isl. and fort, sittiated in the straits, or river, Michillimackinack, 200 m. NNW. from De- troit. Lon. 84° 30' W. ; lat. 45° 33' N. This fort is composed of a strong stockade, is neatly built, and exhibits a beautiful appearance from the water. The ground on which it stands is l.")!) feet above the lake, and 100 yards from the shore. The village near the fort contains a Roman Catholic church. MICHISCOUI, r. which rises in Canada, runs through NW. part of Vermont, and flows into Lake Champlain, at Michiscoui Bay, in Highgate. MIDDIiEBOROlJGH,t. Plymouth county, Mass. 10 m. W. from Plymouth, 39 S. from Boston. Pop. 5,008. This is a large township, and contains a rolling and slitting-mill, a shovel manufactory, 2 fbrges, 2 furnaces, 2 cotton manufactories, a town-house, an academy, and several liouscs of public worship, for Congre- gationalists and Baptists. MIDDLEBOROUGH, v. Wayne co. Pa. MIDDLEBROOK MILLS, v. Montgomery CO. Md, MIDDLEBROOK, t. Augusta co. Va. 11 m. SW. from Staunton. MIDDLEBUIi(i, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 miles S. from Schoharie, 35 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,266. MIDDLEBURG, t. Ix)udon co. Va. 32 m. SE. from Winchester. MIDDLEBURG, t. Frederick co. Md. 15 m. NE. from Fredcricktown. MIDDLEBURG, t. Nelson co. Ken. MIDDLEB[IF{G, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. MIDDLEBURY, t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,41.5. MIDDLEBURY, t. and cap. Addison co. Vt. on both sides of Otter creeek ; 11 m. SE. from Vcrgenncs, 31 S. from Burlington, 32 N. from Rutland, 51 SW. from Montpelier. Lon. 73=6' W.; lat 44° N. Pop. 3,468. Distance from W. 483 m. It is the seat of various im- portant manufactures, especially of marble. Besides the usual county huildings, it contains two flourishing academies, one for each sex. vtyi 332 MID— MIT) if t n Beveral churches, and Midc Ichiny Collcgo, thi- most considerable seminar" of Icnrninj in the Btate. It has a president and S professors — 1 of law, 1 of matliematics and natural pliiio- Bophy, 1 of theology, 1 of lanijuiifTcs, an*! 1 of chemistry ; and 2 tutors. The number of stu- dents ranges from 80 to 100. The total num- ber of those wlio have boon educated at this seminary, and have received tiic degree of A. B. in 1830 was 4!)5, of whom 193 had devoted themselves to the Christian ministry. The li- braries contain 4,168 volumes. The com- mencement is held on tlie third Wednesday in August. There are three vacations; one from commencement, 4 weeks ; one from the first Wednesday in January, 7 weeks; and the other frt)m the third Wednesday in May, 2 weeks. MIDDLERURY, v. Portage co. Ohio, 187 m. NE. from C'olumbus. MIDDLEBURY VILLAGE, v. on the eastern boundary of Genesee eo. N. Y. and on Allen's creek, 15 ni. SSE. from'Batavia. This t is different from that of Middlebury in the same township. MIDDLEBURY, t. New Haven co. Ct. 22 m. NW. from New Haven, 36 SW. from Hart- ford. Pop. 816. MIDDLE CREEK, r. Northumberland co. Pa. which runs E. into the Susquehannah, 8 m. below Sunbury. MIDDLEFIELD, t. Hampsliire co. Mass. 24 ni. W. from Northampton, 110 from Boston. Pop. 721. MIDDLEFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 3 m. E. from Cooperstovvn, 35 SE. from Utica, 63 W. from Albany. MIDDLE FORK, r. Madison co. Ken. which unites with the river Kentucky. MIDDLE GRANVILLE, v. Hampshire CO. Mass. MIDDLE HADDAM, v. Middlesex co. Ct. on E. side of the Connecticut, in the township of East Haddam. MIDDLE HERO, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an island in Lake Champlain, 22 m. NNW. from Burlington. MIDDLE HOOK, v. Somerset co. N. J. on N. bank of the Raritan, 8 m. NNW. from New Brunswick. MIDDLE ISLAND CREEK, r. Va. whicli runs into the Ohio. MIDDLE LISTER, small island in Lake Eric, lying NW. from the Bass islands. It is one of the three called Middle, East, and West Lister, though bearing from each other NE. and SW. MIDDLEPORT, v. Niagara co. N. Y. MIDDLE POINT, cape on the E. coast of Labrador. Lon. 63° W. ; lat 59° N. MIDDLE RIVER, r. Md. which runs into the Chesapeake, SW. of Gunpowder river. MIDDLESEX, t. Washington co. Vt. on Union river, 5 m. NW. from Slontpelier. Pop. 1,156. MIDDLESEX, co. Mass. bounded N. by Hillsborough co. in N. H., NE. by Essex co. in Moss. SE. by Suffolk, Norfolk, and Boston harbor, and SW. and W. by Woicester ; length 40 m. mean width 20. Chief towns, Cam- bridge and Charlesfown. Pop. in 1820, 61,47C: in 1830, 77,;)G8. MIDDLESEX CANAL, Mass. is wholly witi 'n the eoimty of Middlesex, and connects Boston harbor with Merrimack river. Sco page 55. MIDDLESEX, co. Ct. bounded by Lontj Island Sound SE. by New Haven SW. Hart- ford NW. and N. and New London E. Length 28 m. mean widtli 12. Connecticut river in- tersccts it, and separates it into two seetimis. Chief town, Middletown. Pop. in 1820, 22,408 ; in 1830, 24,845. MIDDLESEX, co. N. J. bounded E. by Sta- ten Island Kills and Raritan Bay, SE. by Mon- mouth CO. SW. by Huntingdon and Burlintr- ton, W. by Somerset, and N. by Essex. Lengtii 32 m. mean width 11. Chief town, New Brunswick. Pop. in 1820,21,470; in 18.^0, 23 157. MIDDLESEX, co. Va. bounded SE.- by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by Piankatank river, or Gloucester and King and Queen cos. NW. by Essex, and NE. by Rappahannock river. Iicngth 35 m. mean width 6. Chief town, Urbana. Pop. in 1820, 4,057 ; in 1830, 4,122, of whom 2,137 were slaves. MIDDLE STATES, that part of the U. S. lying between the Hudson and Potomac rivers : viz. the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. MIDDLETON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 48 m, NE. from Concord. Pop. 562. MIDDLETON, t. Essex co. Mass. 9 m. NW. from Salem, 28 from Boston. Pop. 607. MIDDLETON, t. Delaware eo. N. Y. 40 m. W. from Catskill. Pop. 2,383. MIDDLETON, t. Norfolk eo. U. C. MIDDLETON, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 20 m. W. from Zanesville. MIDDLETOWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 52 ni. N. from Bennington. Pop. 919. MIDDLETOWN, t. Newport, R. I. 2 m. NE. from Newport, 28 SE. from Providence. Pop. 915. MIDDLETOWN, city, port of entry, and cap. of Middlesex co. Ct. is pleasantly situat- ed on the W. bank of the Connecticut river, .31 m. from its mouth, 14 S. from Hartford, 2") NNE. from New Haven, 325 from W. Lon. 72= 54' W. ; lat. 41° 35' N. Pop. 6,892. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has considerable trade and manufactures of cotton, woollen, swords, rifles, &c. Two miles from the city, there is a lead-mine. MIDDLETOWN, t. Delaware co. N. Y.15 m. SE. from Delhi, 73 SW. from Albany. Pop. 2,383. MIDDLETOWN, v. Orange co. IL Y. MIDDLETOWN, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. MIDDLETOWN, t. Monmouth co. N. J. S. of Raritan Bay, 11 m. NW. from Shrews- bury, 30 SW. from N. York. It contains an academy, and 2 houses of public worship. Pop. 5,128. MIDDLETOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa. 10 m. E. from Brownsville, and 6 N. from Union- town. MIDDLETOWN, Sullivan co. Ten. 7/ MID— MIL 333 ge CO. ¥-. Y. ookhaven, N. Y. mouth CO. N. J. V. from Shrews- It contains an public worship- tte CO. Pa. 10 m. N. from Union- MIDDLETOWN, v. Washington co. Pa. on a branch of Cross creek, liJ in. NVV. from Washington. MIDDLETOWN, v. Newcastle co. Del. 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington. MIDDLETOWN, v. Dauphin co. Pa. on the point above the junction of Swctara creek with the Susquehannah river, 9 m. below Har- risbiirg, and 27 NW. from Lancaster. It is an ancient village, chiefly inhabited by Ger- mans. MIDDLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va. on Cedar creek, 14 m. SW. from Winciicstcr. MIDDLETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken. 11 m. a little N. from E. LoKisville. MIDDLETOWN, t. IJutlcr co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Miami river, 6 m. below Frank- lin, and 14 above Hamilton. MIDDLETOWN, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 3 m. NW. from Watcrford, and 14 N. from Albany. MIDDLETOWN POINT, v. Middletown, N. J. on a small creek which runs into Rari- tan Bay, 14 m. NW. from Shrewsbury. It carries on some trade with New York. MIDDLETOWN UPPER HOUSES, v. Middlesex co. Ct immediately adjoining Mid- dletown. MIDDliEVILLE, v. Herkimer co. N. Y. 90 m. NW. by W. from Albany. MIDDLEWAY, v. Jefferson co. Va. 85 m. NW. from W. MIDLAND, district, U. C. extends from Lake Ontario, between the head of the bay of Quinte and the mouth of Ganonoque river, back to the river Ottawa. MIDWAY, settlement. Liberty co. Geo. 30 m. S. from Savannali, 9 W. from Sunbury. Its first settlers were from Dorchester, Mass, Here is a handsome Congregational elmrch. MIFFLIN, CO. Pa. bounded by Perry SE. Huntingdon SW. and W, Centre NW. and Union NE. Length 39 m. width 21. Ciiief town, Lewistown. Pop. in 1820, 16,818; in 1830, 21,529. MIFFLIN, t. Richland co. Ohio. MIFFLIN, the westernmost t. of Pike co. Ohio. MIHAUATLAN, t. Mexico, 108 leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 275° 15' W.; lat. 18° 35' N. MILAN, V. Dutchess co. N; Y. MILAN, V. Huron co. Ohio, 123 m. N. from Columbus. MILFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N, H, on the Sowhegan, 2 m. SW, from Amherst, 48 NW, from Boston. Pop. 1,303. It is a pleas- ant town, and contains 2 cotton manufactories, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congrc- gationalists, and 1 for Baptists, MILFORD, t, Kent co. Del. on the N. side of MispilUon creek, which falls into Delaware Bay, 12 m. below, 19 m. S. by E. from Dover, 95 S. from Philadelphia. MILFORD, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. NW, from Hamilton, Pop. 1,808. MILFORD, t. and cap. Pike co. Pa. on the Delaware, 120 m. above Philadelphia. The river here forms a good harbor for boats. MILFORD, t. New Haven co.Ct. on Long Island Sound, 9 m, SW. from New Haven. Pop. 2,25G. The village contains about 100 liouses and 3 churches. The harbor has suf- ficient depth of water for vessels of 200 tons. The amount of shipping owned here is about 1,500 tons. In this town is a very valuablu quarry of marble. MILFORD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. from Coopcrstown, 76 W, from Albany. Pop. 3,025. MILFORD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. SE. from Worcester. Pop. 1,380. MILFORD, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 34 m. NW. from Trenton. MILFORD CENTRE, v. Worcester co. Mass. 24 m. SW. from Boston. MILLBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa. MILLBOROUGH, v. Bath co, Va, 172 m*. NW. by W. from Richmond, MILLBOROUGH, v, Sussex co, Va. about 30 m. SE. from Petersburg. MILLBURY, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 ra. S. from Worcester. It contains a woollen manufactory, a saw-mill, and an iron manu- factory, a rolling and slitting-mill, a nail man- ufactory, several scythe-shops, a gun manu- factory, employing 40 or 50 workmen, exten- sive tanneries, a paper-mill, oil-mills, and other valuable mills. Pop. 1,611. MILL CREEK, t Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 587. MILL CREEK, v, Berkeley co. Va, 93 m. NW, from W, MILL CREEK, large and valuable mill, stream, rising in tlie northern part of Iiogan CO. Ohio, and running from thence in an E. by S. direction into the W, side of tlic Scioto river, 6 m. below Fulton's creek, Delaware co. MILL CREEK, large mill-stream, Butler and Hamilton cos. Ohio, running S. by W. into the Ohio river, immediately below Cin- cinnati. MILLEDGEVILLE, t. Baldwin co. Geo. and capital of the state, is situated on the W. bank of tlie Oconee, 300 m. by the curves of the river, from the sea. Though in the upper country, it is near the borders of the low coun- try. Its situation is elevated and pleasant, and central to a fertile and populous country. It contains a state-house, an arsenal, academy, court-house, jail, state penitentiary, 2 printing- offices, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Methodists. The state-house, arsenal, and penitentiary, are all large and con- spicuous buildings. It is 87 m. SW. from Au- gusta, 170 NW. from Savannah, and 642 from W. Pop. 1,599. MILLER, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 584. MILLER, CO. Arkansas Ter. Pt;]). 358. MILLERSBURG, t Dauphin eo. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah. MILLERSBURG, t. Bourbon co. Ken. 8 m. N. from Paris, 28 N. from Lexington. Pop. 470, MILLER'S FERRY, v, Randolph co. II. MILLER'S RIVER, r. Mass. which rises in a pond in Rindge, N. H. and after a SW. course of 35 miles, enters Coimecticut river at 334 Mll^MIS lt»?' fli ?' ti IH iHk ^ ! n ■1 ^ JB (:!: ¥1 f .-iid IliA,', b '■ Northfinld. A few miles riom iln moiitli it Iihh fallo, where the wliolr; fl<'Hccfil. is l\2 feet, and that lit the |)rinci|i!il fttll II Ret. MILLERSTCJWN, t. I'erry co. I'li. on the Juniattn, 134 m. W. from Piiiladelphia, MILLERSTOWN, t. Lchiph co. Pa. on a branch of Lehigh river, 2(5 in. SW. from Easton, 47 NW. from Philadtjlphia. MILL FARM, v. Caroline co. Va. MILL (iR(^VE, V. Cabarras co. N.C. MILL HALL, v. Centre co. Pa. MILL HAVEN, v. Scrivcn co. Gca MILLSFIELD, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. W. from Umbagofr Lake. Pop. 33. MILLSTONE, t. Somerset co. N. J. on Millstone creek, a S. branch of the Raritan, 1 4 m. N. from Princeton. MILLVILLE, V. Cumberland co. N. J. 12 m. E. from Bridgetown. Pop. 1,561. MILLVILLE, V. King George co. Va. MILLVILLE, t. Butler co. Ohio. MILLWOOD, V. Frederick co. Va. MILO, V. Penobscot co. Maine, 145 m. NE. from Portland. MILO, t. Ontario co. N. Y, MILTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 13 m. N. from Burlington. Pop, 2,100. MILTON, t. Strafford co. N. H. 30 miles NNVV. from Portsmouth, 40 ENE. from Con- cord. Pop. 1,273. MILTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 7 m. S- from Boston. Pop. 1,5(55, It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy, several paper- mills, and a choeolate-mill. It is watered hy the Ncponset, whicii is navigable to this town for vessels of 150 tons. This river separates the town in part from Dorchester. The pros- pect from Milton hill is said to be one of tlie finest in America. MILTON, or King's Ferry, v. Ca)ruga co. N.Y. MILTON, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. N. of Sunbury. MILTON, v. Sussex co. Del. situated on Broadkill creek, about 7 m. from its mouth, and 30 S. by E. from Dover. MILTON, t. Saratoga co. N.Y. 30 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,079. It contains valuable mills, a woollen manufactory, and 5 houses for public worship. MILTON, t. Richelieu co. L. Canada, in the great bend of the Riviere a la Tortue, 35 m. E, from Montreal. MILTON, large v. Litchfield co. Ct, 5 m. W. of Litchfield. In this village there is an elegant Gothic church, belonging to the Epis- copalians, built after the draught of Trinity church in New York. MILTON, v. on Hudson river, in the SE. part of Ulster co. N.Y. 11 m. above Ncwburgh. MILTON, V. Morris co. N.J. 68 m. N. of Trenton. MILTON, V. Albemarle co. Va. on the Ri- vanna river, 5 m. below Charlotteville. MILTON, v. Rockingham co. N.C. MILTON, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 546. MILTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, 8 m. SW. of Troy. Pop. 18. y\ I LT( >N, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. l,|5fi. iMH/l'ON, t. Trumbull co. Olrio. Pop. [iCAu M I LTON, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 1 1 m. NE. of Wooster. Pop. 843. MINDEN, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the IVIohawk, 25 m. W. from Joimstown, 62 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,567. It contains three- Dutch Reformed churches. MINDEN, v. Ontario co. N.Y. MINEIIEAD, t Essex co. Vt on Connecti. cut river, 58 m. NE. from Montpelier. MINERAL tXlRK, r. Miso. a branch of Big river, which flows into the Merrimack. MINE RIVER, r. Howard co. Miso. which flows into tiic S. side of the Missouri, 200 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 40 miles. MINERVA, t Essex co. N. Y., SW. of Elizabethtown. Pop. 358. MINERVA, t. Mason co. Ken. 13 m. from Washington. MINGAN ISLANDS, islands near the S. coast of Labrador, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 30 m. W. from Anticostl. Lon. 64° W. ; lat 50° 15' N. MINISINK, t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. W. of Goslien, 25 W. of Newburgh. Pop. 4,979. MINISINK, t Sus.sex co. N. J. on tlie Del. aware, 5 m. below Montague, 57 NW. from New Brunswick. MINITOBA, lake, Canada, 100 m. long, and from 10 to 15 wide. Lon. 100° 20' W. ; lat. 50° 40' N. MINOT, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the' An- droscoggin, 33 m. N. of Portland. Po]). 2,908. MIRAMACITI,bay and river of the E. coast of New Brunswick, 60 m. S. from Chalcur Bay. The river rises about 120 m. inland. MISSASSAGA ISLAND,' U. C. lies oppo. site tiio mouth of the Trent, and about tlic same distance from the portage at the head of the Bay of Quinte. MISSASSAGA POINT, U. C. in the t. of Newark, lies on the W. side of the entrance of the river Niagara, and opposite the fortress of Niagara. MISSASSAGA RIVER, r. U. C. rnns into Lake Huron, between le Serpent and Thes.sa- lon rivers, on the N. shore. MISSIGUINNIPPI LAKE, lake, Canada, 100 m. N. from Quebec. Lon. 71° 30' W.; lat. 48° 3' N. MISSIGUINNIPPI RIVER, r. Canada, which runs into the Saguenay. Lon. 71° 10' W. ; lat. 48° 22' N. MISSISQUE, r. in Vt. runs into Missisque Bay in the NE. part of Lake Champlain. MISSISSIPPI, one of the U. States. See page 115. MISSISSIPPI, a • river of the U. S. This magnificent stream has already been the sub- jeet of so many minute descriptions, that, to give the reader a correct account of it without considerable repetition, would be scarcely pos- sible It rises in high table-land, in the great Northwestern Territory W. of Lake Superior. A mcdiuin of the authorities respecting the MIS— MIS 335 liio, 8 111. SW. of Ken. 13 m. from of the U. S. This ready been the sub- iescriptions, that, to ccount of it without uld be searcely pos- ile-land, in the great /. of Lake Superior, ities rcBpecting the point of its origin, would fr'ive it to be in lat. 47° 47' N. though in Blinking of tlio source of large rivers, which arc formed of a great number of tributaries, it is not oflen ])OHHil)le to say, precisely, which particular branch car- ries the most water, or ought to be called the parent stream. It is 1,600 ni. from its source to its junction with the Missouri, and 1,310 from that junction to its mouth at the Gult of Mexico, making its whole length 2,!U0 m. Its general course is south. Its most important branches, begirming at its iiioutli, are the Red river, the Arkansas, and the Missouri, on the west, the latter of which is, by far, the greatest tributary which it receives. Its two principal branches on the cast, arc the Ohio and the Illinois. Ships rarely ascend the Mis- sissippi higher than Natchez, wiiicli is .332 ni. by the river, above New Orleans, but it is navi- gated by steam-boats to the Falls of St. An- thony, a distance of more than 2,000 m. from its mouth. Down these falls, the river, which i8 here about half a mile wide, precipitates its waters in a perpendicular descent of sixteen or seventeen feet. For a long distance fcclow these falls, it is a clear, placid, and beautiful etream, with wide and fertile bottoms. Its medial current is not more than 2 m. an hour from the falls to the mouth of tlie Missouri, ex- cept at the rapids, a few miles below the mouth of the river Des Moines, which are about m. in length, and arc a considerable impediment to the navigation during a part of the summer. Where it receives the Missouri, it is a mile and a half wide. The Missouri itself enters with a mouth not more than half a mile wide, The united stream below, has thence, to the mouth of the Ohio, a medial width of little more than three quarters of a mile. This mighty tributary seems rather to diminish than increase its width ; but it perceptibly alters its depth, its mass of waters, and, what is to be regretted, wholly changes its character. It is no longer the gentle, placid stream, with smooth shores and clean sand-bars ; but has a furious and boiling current, a turbid and dan- gerous moss of sweeping waters, jagged and dilapidated shores, and, wherever its waters have receded, dcjwsits of mud. Below the Missouri its rapidity should be rated consider- ably higher than has been commonly done. Its medial rate of advance is perhaps four miles an hour. The bosom of the river is covered with prodigious boils, or swells, that rise with a whirling motion, and a convex surface, two or three rods in diameter, and no inconsiderable noise, whirling a boat perceptibly from its track. In its course, accidental circumstances shift the impetus of its current, and propel it upon the point of an island, bend, or sand-bar. In these instances, it tears up the islands, re- moves the sand-bars, and sweeps away the tender alluvial soil of the bends, with all their trees, and deposits the spoils in another place. At the season of high waters, nothing is more familiar to the ear of the people on the river, than the de6p crash of a land-slip, in which larger or smaller masses of the soil on the I'anks, with all the trees, arc plunged into the stream. Tlin circnmstances that change the asiH!ct and current of the river, are denomi- nated, in the vocubulury of the watermen, chutes, raciH, chains, sawyers, planters, points of islands, wroek-licaps, and cypress-ix^nds. It occurs more than once, tliat in moving round a curve of twenty-five or thirty miles, you will return so near tlic point whence you started, tlmt you can return i)ack to that point, by land, in less than a mile. There are, at present, Ixjnds of this sort on the Missouri and the Mis- sissippi, particularly at Tunica bend, where you move round a curve of thirty miles, and come back to the [loint, where you see through the trees, and at the distance of three quarters of a mile, the jKiint whence you departed. The divinity most frequently invoked by Iwatmen, scenis to have ini[)arted liis name ollcner than any other to the dangerous places along the river. 'I'lic "devil's" raco-paths, tea-table, oven, &c. are places of diiheult or hazardous navifration, that frequently occur. They are serious impediments to the navigation of this Boblc stream. Such is its character from Mis- souri to the Bali/c; a wild, furious, whirling river — never navipatcd safely, exccjit with great caution. On the immense wreck-lieaps, where masses of logs, like considerable hills, are piled together, the numerous wrecks of lioats, lying on their sides and summits, nut'- ficiently attest the character of the river, and remain standing mementoes to caution, iioatu propelled by steam-power, which can b(^ chang- ed in a moment, to reverse the impulse and direction of tlie boat, are exactly calculated to obviate the dangers of this river. No person who descends this river for the first time, re- ceives clear and adequate ideas of its grandeur, " and the amount of water which its carries. If it be in the spring, when tJie river below the mouth of the Ohio is generally over its banks, although the sheet of water that is making its way to the gulf is, j)erliaps, tliirty miles wide, yet finding its way through dce|) forests and swamps that conceal all from the eye, no ex- panse of water is seen, but the width that is curved out between the outline of woods on either bank ; and it seldom exceeds, and oflener falls short of a mile. But when he sees, in descending from the Falls of St. Anthony, that it swallows up one river afler another, with mouths as wide as itself, without afTecting its width at all; when he sees it receiving in succession the mighty Missouri, the broad Ohio, St. Francis, White, Arkansas, and Ked rivers, all of them of great depth, length, and volume of water ; when he sees tliis mighty river absorbing them all, and retaining a vol- ume apparently unchanged — he begins to esti- mate rightly the increased depths of current, that must roll on in its deep channel to the sea. From the sources of the river to the mouth of the Missouri, the annual flood ordi- narily commences in March, and does not subside until the last of May ; and its medial height is fifteen feet. At the lowest stages, four feet of water may be found from the Rapids of Des Moines to the mouth of the Missouri. Between that point and the mouth ^tm fe' 330 MIS— MOB m I. I' .•'. .{/ ^ of tlic Ohio, there lire six feci in the chiinm-l of 1 1 10 BhallowcHt placcH nt low-water, and the annual inundation may bccHtimatcd at twenty, five feet. Ik'twcen tlie mouth of the ( )hio and the 8t. Francis, there are various shoal places, where pilots nre often |)crplexed to find a suf- ficient depth of water, wlwn the river is low. H<'low that |K)int, there is no difficulty for ves- scIh of any draught, except to find the right cliannel. H(;low the mouth of the Ohio, tiie medial flood is fifty feet; the highest, sixty. Above Natchez, the flood begins to decline. At Baton Rouge, it seldom exceeds thirty feet ; nnd at New Orleans, twelve. Some have sup- |)0Hed this gradual diminution of the flood to result from the draining of the numerous cflluxes of the river, that convey away such considerable portions of its waters, by separate channels to the sea. To this should be added, no doubt, the check which the river at this distance begins to feel from the reaction of tlu sea, where this mighty mass of descending waters finds its level. The navigation upon tliis river is very great. The number of steam- boats upon the MissiHsip[)i and its tributaries is about 300. Their size is from 540 tons downward. The passage from ('ineinnati to New (Orleans and back, has been made in 19 days. From New Orleans to Louisville the shortest passage has been 8 days and 2 hours, the distance being 1,650 m. and against the current The steam-boats have generally liigh-pressure power, and many fatal explo- sions have happened upon these waters. The first steam-vessel hero was built in 1810. New Orleans is the out-port of this river, and the largest city on its banks. Its waters pass into the Gulf by several channels which intersect a flat marshy tract. The main entrance is at tlie }3alize. MISSISSIPPI, t. Phillips co. Arkansas Territory. MISSOURI, one of the U. S. Sec p. 146. MISSOURI, the longest river in N. Ameri- ca, is formed of three principal branches, tiic Jeflferson, Madison, and Gallatin, which rise among the Rocky Mountains, between 42° and 48^ N. lat. and unite at one place in lat. 45° 10' N. and Ion. 110° W. From this con- fluence, its course is northerly about 250 m. to the Great Falls ; thence easterly to the Man- dan villages ; thence it runs, first S. and then SE. to its junction with the Mississippi, in Ion, 90° W. and lat. 38° 51' N. Its whole length, from its source to the Mississippi, is 3,217 m Although it loses its name at its confluence with the latter, it is much the longer stream of tlie two, bi't the Mississipj)! having been first discovered and explored, it has retained its name to the Gulf of Mexico. This error bein^ now past remedy, the Missouri must be considered as a tributary of tlie Mississippi. If we add to the Missouri the lengtli of the Mississippi below their confluence, we have a river 4,490 m. in length, which exceeds by nearly 1,000 m. any other river on the globe. During this whole distance there is no cata- ract cr considerable impediment to the navign- tion, except at the Gieat Falls, which are 2,575 m. from tlie MissiKsippi. At these falls, the river descends, in the distance of 18 m. 362 ft. The first great pitch in ascending the river is 98 feet ; the second, 19 ; the third, 47 ; and tiie fourth, 20. The width of the river is here about 350 yards, and, from every dcseription, the cataracts are, next to those of Niagara, the grandest in the world. About 100 ni, above the falls, is the plac called the Gates of tiic Rocky Mountains. The rocks here rise per- j)cndicularly from the water's edge, to tlic height of nearly 1,200 feet, through a distance of more than 5 m. and the river is compresspd to the width of 150 yards. Notliing ran Ix; imagined more glooiny tlian the passage through this dark chasm. MISSOURI, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas Territory. MISSOURI, t. Clarke co. Arkansas Terri- tory. MISSOURITON, t. Howard co. Misn. MlS'l'AKEN POINT, a promontory on tlic W. of Cape Race, at the SE, jwint of the isl- and of Newfoundland. MISTASSIN, Lake, a lake of New Britain, lying E. of the S. part of James' Bay, and sur- rounded by mountains called the Great Miii- tassins. It is above 250 m, in circuit, of a very irregular shape, being much intersected by long and narrow projections of land, and ctmtains several islands. It is formed of tlie Mistassin and other rivers from the moun- tains, and its outlet is the river Rupert. MOBILE, ci^y and port of entry, and cap. of Mobile co. Alabama, is situated on the west- cm channel of Mobile river, near its entrance into Mobile bay. It is 1,033 m. from W. 226 S. from Tuscaloosa, 33 N. from Mobile point, 15 WNW. from Blakely, 50 WNVV. from Pensacola, 40 by water below Fort Stod- dart. Lat. 30° 40' N. Pop. 3,194. Mobile is the only town of any great importance in the lower part of the state. It is situated con- siderably above the overflow of the river, in a dry and pleasant situation. Access to it is ren- dered somewhat difficult to vessels by a swampy island opposite the town. But when once they have entered, they arc perfectly secure from winds, storms, and .-enemies ; and can come directly to the town. It has swampy lands and stagnant waters back of it, and near it a sterile country of pine woods. From these causes, though it had been one of the earliest settled towns in the country, it never became, under the Spanish and French regime, more than a military post. Under the government of the United States, it has received a new im- pulse of prosperity. But a few years since, little cotton was raised in the whole country connected with Mobile ; and none was export- ed directly from this place. It is now a great shipping port for cotton ; and a large number of square-rigged vessels take their freight from this city. There is no other port, perhaps, in the United States, of the same si/e, that has so large an amount of export. After New Or- leans and Charleston, it is the largest cotton port in the co\mtry. It is enlivened, too, by the coming and departing of many steam- MO»-.M().\ 337 liene TallH, the 18 m. ;)ti2 ft. ijr the riser is liril, 47 ; and c river m Iktc ry description, )f Niagara, the 100 111. above ic Gates of tlic here rise per- i edge, to the )Ugh a distance r is compressed Jothing can be (1 the passage 1 CO. Arkansas Arkansas Terri- ■d CO. Miso. •omontory on tlic point of the isl- ; of New Britain, ea' Bay, and sur- thc Great Miv- . in circuit, of a much interseclcil ..ons of land, and is formed of tlic from the moun- ter Rupert, f entry, and cap. uatcd on the west, , near its entrance )33 m. from Vi. I N. from Mobile ,kely, 50 WNW. r below Fort Stod- )p. 3,194. Mobile cat importance in It is situated con- of the river, in a Access to it is rcn- cssels by a swampy |ut wlien once they Tectly secure from ts ; and can eome swampy lands and it, and near it a liods. From these [one of the earliest , , it never became, .•ench regime, more [or the government received a new im- a few years since, the whole country id none was export- I It is now a great nd a large number c their freight from icr port, perhaps, m ,me size, that has so t. After New Or- the largest cotton Pnlivenrd, too, nv ig of many steam- hoals, tii'il ply on llir ni)bl<' river !iIh>v(! the I'llv. Ill iiddit loll to tlif irrciit ninnlM'rof'packet- s( liooiuTH thill Hiiil liclwecM this place uiid New Orleans, soiiii; liy the lake, and some by the .MisHissip|)i, tlien^ is now a slcani-boat coin- iiiiiiiicntidn Ulweeii the two cities, by tin; way nl" lake I'oncliartrain. < )|' course, e.\e(>pl du- ring' tiic sickly months, it is a place ol" ;,'reat ;ietivity and business. 'I'Ih; public l)iiil(liiij>''< are a court-house and a jail, lour churelieH, one i;)r Koninii ('atliolies, oiu; ibr Ejiiscopalians, one tor I'rcsbyferiims, and one; tor .Methodists. MoDCrrSt. Clinton CO. N.Y. M( M)|;s|"l"( »\VN, V. Aceomack co. Va. .M< )ri ri'S .nie tn the lludt^on is about 117 ni. It is connected with Wood creek, by a canal I.^ milcH loujr. 'I'here arc also r-imals at (ieriiian Flats and Herkimer. A l)oat naviga- AKonianCntlmlic colIegeiscrcctin ni. mean width 4.1. Chief towns. Mobile ;i:mI HIakcly. Pop. in lci-.](), 2,G7:i; in 1«30, :iiiTi. MOBILE BAY, a bay at the mouth of Mo- liilc river, 30 in. lonjf, and, on an uverajjc, 12 liroad. It conmimiicatcs witli the Gulf of Mexico by two straits, one on each side of Ihainhin island. The strait on the \V. side v.i.'l not admit the |)asijajrc of ves.'iels drawing iii'irc than five fiet of water ; that on the E. •iilr, lietwecn the island and Mobile point, ha.s I'^tletof water, and the cliaunel passes with- M a few yards of the point. There is a bar liort'cver across the bay, near its upper end, •vir wiiicli there is only 11 feet water. MOIJILE POINT, is a lonir, low, sandy, lid narrow peninsula, which hounds Alohile 'ly fill the S. exteudinjf from the bay of Bon >• extreme W. extension, called lort Howyer. This tijrt was attacked Sept. 15th, I'll, by a British .squadron, consisting of two > .^sels of 2S guns each, and one of 18 guns, vitii a land three of 21)0 Indians, and 110 iria- nws. Th(' British were repulsed, with the iiss of the Herme.s and about 100 men killed ' »'l wounded. After their defeat nt, and n;- 'n at from New Orleans, the British attacked 'lid took Fort BowyiM-.on the l.lth of Feb. 1815. MOBILE ISLAND, isl. formed by the di- vided stream of the river Mobile, about 2G m. 1""?, and 5 wide. I^on. 87^ .55' W. ; lat. 31- N. .MOBJACK, bay, Va. which sets up from I'hesapeake bay, N. of the mouth of York r. MOCKSVILLE, v. Rowan co. N. C. 2S Schenectady through the Mohawk, Wood r;f(,'t()Wii. M()NA(M\S, V. MoiircH! eo. M. M()NAI)N(WK, ii lolly iiu.iiiifaiii in Ih.- SVV. coriirr of N. II. iMtwriii .lutlrcy and Uuhlin. ItM liam^ in H in. from N. to S. and !) from K. to VV. mid itn iirifrht iH 3,',V) I lict above the levtl of tin; wm. It may be wen at tiie difltiincn of fiO in, in alriiont every direction. IVI()NAI)N(K;K, mt. in tiio Nil. part of Vt. Iti MON ISTU^ r. N. America, which runs into I.akt! Miciiijrnn. MONITOU, two islands in Lake Michigan. Lon. H,-* ^ 35' W. ; lut. IP :>'}' N. MONKKY ISLAND, mnall isl. in riirri- tuck Sound, near the count of North Carolina. 1,011. 7(iM'W.; hit. 3()-' y-i' N. MONKTON, t. Add'.Hoii co. Vt. 123 m. S. from niirlinirioii. Fop. 1,3M|. Mere are tiiniul vast qiiaiititii's of jiorcKliiiii rartli, from wlii'-li attiiiipfs have heeii made to iiiaiiufa<;tiiro jnjr- cdaiii, hilt without huccchs. MONMOUTH, I. Keniieheek co. Mo. 17 in. VVSW. from AiipiiHtn, ITiU NNK. from IJoh- lon. Fop. 1,8H:J. Here is an academy. MONMOUTH, CO. N. .1. homided NVV. hy Middlesex eo. N. hy iJarituii hay, K. hy the Atlantic, and SW. hy Ihirliiifrtoii co. l'o[). 2D,233. Chief town, Freehold. MONMOUTH, V. Monmouth co. N.J. G3 m. ENE. from Philadelphia. The IJritisli troojiH under Gen. Clinton were defeated here on the 17th of June 1777, by the Americans under Gen. Washington. MONODY (;REEK, r. Pa. wliich joins the Swetara, 12 m. W. from licbanon. MONOKA, r. Md. runs into the Cliesapcakc. Lon. 76= 53' W. ; lut. 38° 10' N. MONOMIES CASTLE, fort, NVV. Terri- fory, on the Wincbago river. Lon. 87^^ 31' W.; lat. 44=1 18' N. lyiONOMIES RIVER, r. NW. Territory, which gives name to a tribe of Indians, and which runs into Green Bay. Lon. 81° 21' W. ; kt. 44° 46' N. MONOMONIL, t. NW. Territory, on W. side of Green Bay. Lon. 87° 28' W.; lat 44° 32' N. MONONGAHELA, r. which rises from tlie Laurel mountains in Va. runs N. into Pa. and unites with the Allegliany at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio. It is navigable for light steam-boats to Brownsville, Pa. and bateaux and barges ascend as far as Morgantown in Va. Lcngtli nearly 300 miles. MONONGALIA, co. NW. part of Virginia, bounded N. hy Pennsylvania, E. by Maryland, S. by Randolph co. W. by Harrison co. and NW. by Oliio CO. Pop. 14,056, of whom 362 arc Rlaves. Chief town, Morgantown. MONROE, CO. N. Y. iKiimded N. by Lake Ontario, I'l. by Ontario co. S. by Livingston Pop. l!l,Hti2. Chi,!- MONROE, t. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 108. MONROE, t. Orange co. N. Y. 19 m. S. from Newburgh, 50 N. from New York. Pop. 3,671. It contains 2 churches, I for Qudicrs, and 1 for Presbyterians. Here are extensive iron works. CO. W. by (tcneitee co. town, RiM'hrMltT. MONROE, CO. Al. on the river Alabunm. Pop. H,7Hl. Chief town, Clailmrne. MONR( )E, CO. E. part of MIh. Pop. .3,653. Chief town, Hamilton. MONROE, v. SiiBsex co. N. J. 84 m. N. from Trenton. MONROE, V. Bradford co. Pa. IDG m. N. from Hnrrisburg. MONRO!''-, eo. Va. bounded SE. hy llotc toiirt and (iiles, SW. hy Kcnhawa r. or (/iltH, NW. by Greciiliriir, N. hy Nicholas, and NK by Bath and Botilourt. Length 3.'» m. mean width 13. Po(). Ill 1820, 6,620 ; in 1830, 7,7Ut*. Chief town, I'nionlown. MONROE, v. Warren co. N.C. 70 ni. Sll. from Raleigh. \U )N|{( »!•:, v. Waltcm co. CJco. 66 m. NNW. from Millcdgcvillc. Lat. XP 46' N. MONKOi'), eo. Ohio, iNuindtd E. by Olim river, S. by WaKhiiiglon, W. by Morgan, NW, by Giicriisi V. iind N. by Rclmont. LeiigtJi.l-' 111. breadth 18. I'oji. in 1820, 4,611 ; in It3(l, 8,770. Chief town, Wcxidstidd. MONl{( >E, CO. In. iHiunded hy Lawrence S. Martin W. Delaware NE. and Jaeksoii E Lengtii 21 m. breadth 18. Pop. 6,578. Chid town, Bloomington. MONROE, CO. Ken. bounded by Ten. S.hy Allen CO. Ken. W. Barren N. Atluir NI'l. :iiiiJ Cumberland E. It occupies the dividini; ground lietween Cimilierland and Big liiirriii rivers. Length 28 m. brcadtli 25. Chief town, Tompkinsvillc. MON RC)E, V. and scat of justice, Ovcrinn CO. Ten. on a small branch of Obies river, lOll m. NE. by E. from Nashville. Lat. 36' 2.V N.; lon. from W. 8° 11' W. MONROE, CO. E. Ten. boundi^d by N.Car. olina E. the Cherokee lands S. M'Minn W. and Tennessee river, or Blount and Sevier N Chief town, Madisonvillc. MON RO E, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 807. MONROE, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 iii. iNE. from Jcft'crson. Pop. 862. MONROE, t. Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. NE from Hamilf«n. Pop. Hi). MONROE, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. NE from ('ainbridge. Pop. 615 MONROE, V. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 21. MONROE, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,05^1 MONROE, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 30- M()NROE,t. Muskingum co.Oliio. Pop.'''"'' MONROE, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. l.O^ti. M( )NR( )E, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. CM. MONROE, t. Richland CO. Ohio. Pop.l,o:il MONROE, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 in. W from C^irclevillc. Pop. 767. MONROE, CO. in tlie S. part of In. Pop 6,578. Chief town, Blooniington. MONROE, CO. II. on the Mississippi. Pop 2,11!). ("hief town, Waterlof). MONROE, t. 11. on the first high ground above the junction of the llhnois witli the .Mis^l sissippi, 28 m. above St. Louis, imd 10 fromj St. Charles, on the Missouri. ..iJt: MON— MON r<.i>. it:)u N. J. 84 ni. N. 0. 1'a. lUO m. N. 1). N.C. 70ni.Si:. MONROK, ro. IVfirliiiran Tcrrilory. 3,|h7. Cliirt' litvvn, Monroe. iM()NI{( )i;, 1. 1111(1 rii\i. MoiiriM'co, MicliiL'uii 'I'lrriloiy, on llic river ItiiiHiii, '3Ct in. K IVdmi L)elroil. MoNltOM, I. I.ineoln er). Missouri. MONUoM, f. l|ein|Mteiiit CO. AritiinHiia. MONSnN.t. ||:iiii|>ileneo. Miiss. on llie line of Coiniec'ticiil, 17 in. I'l. t'roiii S|iriiitrti(l(l, 7'i \V."^VV. from IJoHlon. I'oji. )i,'^U[. It eontiiins 'J i;linrelieM, I lor ( 'oinfrejriilioniilislH, mid I tor HaiitistN; ii t1oiiriNliin|r ueiulcniv, witli vvliieli if* conneeteil u lar^e iMKirdintr-hoiise. Ilereure olito inuinifactories of (!(itton anil wikjI. M()N'l"Ald. M()NT(;OMKI{Y, CO. N. Y. Imunded liy Schenectady SIL Sclioharie S. Otsesro SW Herkimer W. Hamilton N. Saratonrji M. Tlu surface is pleasantly diversified, and the soi generally good. Pop. in IH2(I, 37,509 ; in Iti.'iO, 43,595. ( Ihief town, .lohnstown. MONTtiOMKRY, t. ()riin},ro eo. N. Y. 12 m. W. from Newburtrh, ION. from ( iosheii, 70 from New York. Pop. 3,S87. It contains un academy and H ehiirclios. MONTCJOMKIIY, co. Pa. Ixiunded hy Phil- adelphia and Delaware cos. Slil. Chester SW. Berks NW. l.ehijrh N.and Bucks NK.: lenfrlh 30 ni. width 15. 'I'he siirtace of this eouiity is delightfully variefrated hy sloi)in. Md. NW. Patnxint r. or Ann-Arniidil N hi. iind Priiiee (ieorge and !>.('. si;. I.ingth 2h in. tneiiii width IH Po|». ill 1^20, III, 10(1 J in IKIO, l9,H|(i. Chiel town, Koekvillr. MONTGOMEUY, ro. N. ('. Ixiinided by kiehinond and Anson S. CabarraH W. Kowuii Mild Kandiilph N. and Moore E. Iicngth 42 III. mean width M. It priMlueeH cotton, gra>n, and fohaeeo. Pop. in |H-.>(|, M,(;i)3; in 1830, |0,9IK Chief town, Tiiidalsville. MONTtJOMERY, eo. (J.o. lM)iinded by Oakiiiulgee river S. hy Little (h'onei! river SW. Eaiirens W. and NW. iiiid Eiuaniiel or (•reat ()h(H)|H' river N E. Eengtli 40 in. mean width 2 1, 'i'he < )eoiier and ( »akmiilgee, which nieel at the southern extremity of this eotinty, ioriii the Aliitamahi. Chief town. Mount Ver- non. Pop. in 1H20, \,Hti9; in IKIU, 1,20'.' MONTiiii), Pop. 2,!) 15. MON'HJOMERY, v. Fra- .^i, co. Ohio, 14 m. NE. from Cincinnati. MONT(;oMERY, co. Ken. hmmk-A SE. and S. hy I'lstil, VV. by (;iarke, NW. by Roiir- hon, NE. hy Bath, and FT. by Pike; length 38 in. mean width 12. Surface rather uneven than hilly ; soil productive. ( "hief town, Mount Sterling. Pop.'" l^^-". !VW7 ; in 18.30, 10,221. M()NT(i()MERY, co. Te. . Iiomided by (,'liristian and Todd counties in Kentucky N. by Kobertson co. in Ten. SE. Dickson S. and Stewart SW ; length 40 m. mean width 17J. ('hief town, Clarke-sville. Pop. in 1820, 12,219; in IH30, 14,3(i.''). M( )NT(;oMEBY, co. Al. bounded by Pike SE. Butler S. VVih-ox and Dallas W. Alabama river, or Anta!>. .'< V. and N. and the Musco- gee or ('reek 1 I'-i NE; length 50 m. mean width .'10. Chit;f town, Montgomery. Pop. in 1820, (i,(i01; in 1830, 12,094. MO\'''<;OMEl{Y, V. and seat of justice, Mont"- ■ itry co. Al. on Alabama river, 70 ni. bv 1; „u from C^ahawha. Lat. .32^ 20' N. l\lONT(;OMERY, co. Miso. liounded by Missouri river S. Howard co. VV. Cuivrc river, or Lincoln N. and St. Charles E.; length .50 ni. mean width 35. Pop. in 18120, 3,074 ; in 1830, 3,900. MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Sullivan co. N. Y. 4 m. W. from Nc\'csink river, and about 40 a little N. of W. from Ncwburgh. M0NTIC;ELI.0, t. Fairfield district, S, C. 35 III. N. from Columbia. MONTICELLO, v. and seat of justice, Jas- per CO. Geo. 32 ni. NW. from Milledgcville. Lat. 33^ 19' N. M0NTIC;ELL0, v. and cap. Lawrence co. 4>M Mis. on Pearl river, 90 ni. E. from Natchez. Lat. 3P 32' N. ; Ion. from W. 12° 5.5' W. 310 MON— MOO .-- '' ' laL ill' 3 MONTICETJ,0, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ken. 100 in. S. from Frunkfort, and iiboiif I SF. from Cumberland rivxr. L.it. ."JG ' 5(1' N. ; Ion. from W. 7^ 40' W. MONTICELLO, v. Lawrence co. Aflinnsns. MONTICELLO, tlio scut of tho Into Iloii. Thomas Ji5Fkkr.so.\, tlic third President of tlio U. States, in Albcniarl(! eo. Va. 2 ni. SI'], from Charlottesville. Lon. 78^ 48' W. ; lat. .38= 8' N. MONTPELIER, t. and cap. Washington co. Vt. and scat of government of the state, on the N. si^c of Onion river, at the confluence of two of its head waters ; 3G m. SE. from Bur- lington, 140 NW. from Boston, 524 from Wasli- ington. The river is licre bordered by rude, unsightly hills, which scarce allow room for the village. Its central situation in tiie state makes Montpelicr a great thoroughfare, tin; travel going through it in all directions. Lon. 71°33^W,; lat. 440 16' N. MONTPELIER, the seat of the Hon. James Madison, the fourth President of the U. States, in Orange co. Va. 20 m. N E. from Monticdlo. MONTPELIER, V. Hanover co. Va. 24 ni. from Richmond. MONTPELIER, v. Richmond co. N. C. 105 m. SW. from Raleigh. MONTREAL, isl. in St. Lawrence river, at the confluence of that stream and the Ottawa. It forms a county of the same name, 32 m. long, but very irregular in width. MONTREAL, city, L. C. It is built upon an island of the same name in the St. Law- rence, 32 m. long, and at its centre 2 m. wide, at a point in the river just below the junction of the Ottawa. The river is here two miles wide, and capable of being ascended by vessels of any burden, although 500 miles from the sea. It is 180 miles SW. of Quebec, and 300 N. of New York. The town has a beautiful position, and shows to great advantage. The mountain, from which it has its name, rises on the left of the city, and seems placed tlicrc, like a ram- part, to defend it from Iho blasts of winter. A thick forest covers the greater part of it ; though a few neatly built houses siiow their roofs from the midst of the mountnin groves. The new cathedral is, probably, tlio largest church in America. Its front is 255 feef, and its width 134. There are five public entrances, and the interior will conveniently contain 10,000 {Kjrsons. There are seven altars, and the eastern window over the high altar is 64 by 32 feet. The circuit of this vast cdifce is 1,125 feet. It is built of hewn stone from the mountain. The college is the noxt most con- spicuous building, extending in front with the wings 220 feet. It contains on an average 300 students. This is a Catholic institution. There are 18 or 20 public buildings. The French style of building, the number of lofty spires and towers, and the glittering tin covering of the roofs, give the city a majestic and imjios- ing appearance at a distance. The jwjpulation, by a census in 1825, was 24,000, aijd is now supposed to amount to 30,000. The chief ar- ticle of its commerce is furs. It is the vmpo- rium of the North- West Company ; and of the | trade between (Canada and the United States. 'I'hc only interruption to the navigation of the St. Lawrence up to this city, is tlio Rapids, about two mil«;s below, wliicli ol>en occasion delay to inbound vessels, iis they can bo stoni- nied only bv a strong wind. MONTR'EAI,, a district of L. C. bounded NE. by the district of TIuto Rivers, S. by the States of Now York and Vcnnonl, SW. by Upper Canada and the (h"md or ( >tta\va river. It contains tlio counties of York, Elfmgliani, Loinstcr, Warwick, Huntingdon, Kent, Surrey, Bedford, Ricli(^liou, and Montreal. MONTREAL BAY, iiay, CJanada, on the. E. side of Lake Superior. Lon. 84° 50' W. ; lat. 47=10' N. MONl'REAI/, r. NW. T-r. which flows into Lake Superior, 63 in. W. of the mouth of the Ontanagon. About 800 yards from its mouth it has falls, wIkto the whole descent is 80 or 90 feet, and the descent at the last fall is 40 feet perpendicular. The Sonth-West I'm Company have a post at Lake Flambeau near the source of this nvvv. MONTROSIO, t. and cap. Susquchannah en. Pa. 163 m. from irarrisl)urg,271 from \\'. Pop. 41.5. MONTROSE, t. Cumberland co. N.C;. MONTROUIS, t. St. Domingo, at the head of the Bight of Jjcogane, 5 leagues SE. from St. Mark, 15 NW. from Port an Princ<>. MONI'VII-Li;, t. Waldo ro. Me. 30 m. NE. from Wiscasset. Pop. 1,713. MONTVILLE, t. New London co. Ct. It is sitiiat((l about 11 in. NW. of New London. Poj). 19(17. MOORE, CO. N. C. bounded by Cumberland SE. Richmond SW. Montgomery W. Ran- doli)li NW. and Chatham N. ; length 38 m. width 28. Chief town, Alfordstown. Pop. in 1820,7,128; in 1830, 7,753. MOORESBOROUOn, v. Rutherford co. N. C. by postrop.d 226 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. M(JORESBUR(.', v. Columbia co. Pa. MOORESFIELD, or Moorestown, t. Bur- lington CO. N. .1. 13 m. E. from Philadelphia. MOORFIKLT), V. Nicholas co. Ken. MOORFIELO, V. Harrison co. Ohio, li;, m. SW. from Cadiz. MOORFIELl), t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 915. MOORFIELDS, t. and cap. Hardy co. Va. on tlio S. brancii of the Potomac, 25 m. SSW. from Romncy, 180 NW. from Richmond. MOORSBIJRG, V. Hawkins co. Ken. MOOSE, isl. Me. in Passamaquoddy Bay, on which is the town of Eastport. MOOSE, small r. L. C. It is one of the head waters of the St. Francis. MOOSE, r. N. H. which joins tlie Andros- coggin, in Durand. MOOSE, r. N. Y. which runs into the E. side of Black river. MOOSEIIEAD, lake. Me. the source of the E. branch ol" Kcnnebeck river. It is said to be 60 in. long. MOOSEHILLOCK, mt. N.H. in Coventry. MOO— MOS 341 United States, vitiation of tin; is tlio Kapicis, oHcn oceasinn y can be stum- Tj. C. bounded ivcrs, S. by tiio iiionl, SW. by r ( )tta\va river, rk, EUliiKbani, 1, Ivcnt, Surrey, L-al. Janadii, on the. m. 843 50' W.; r. wiiich flows of the mouth of yards from its t-liolc descent is it tlio last iiill is ioutii-West Fin Flambeau near usquchannah eo. rifromW. Pop. [idco. N.C. ngo, at the head •afTiies SE. from an l'rinc(\ ). Mo. 30 m. NT-. ndon CO. Ct. U of New London. 1 by Cunihirland mery W. Tlan- . ; length .18 ni. stown. Pop. in Kutlicrford co. LV. by W. from Ihia CO. Pa. In-sfown, t. Bur- in Philadelphia. CO. Ken. in CO. (.)hio, 1 1 h |co. Ohio. Pop. L Hardy co. Va. tac, 25 m. SSW. 1 Richmond. s CO. Ken. Lmaquoddy Bay, ort. It is one of the (ins tlie Andros- iins into the E. Ihc source of the It is said to be I H. in Coventry. According to the measurement made by Capt. Partridge, the N. Peak is ■4,(i3(i above the level of the sea. MOOSRRS, V. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. MOOSUP, r. which rises in R. I. and joins the Quinebaug, in Plaintield, ( onnecticut. AIORANT RAY, on the S. coast of Ja- maica. Lon. TG^ W.; lat. 17^ .>4' N. MORANT POINT, or East Point, cape, on the E. coawt of Jamaica. Lon. 75^ 5:2' W. ; lat. 17° 56' N. MORANT KEYS, or Ranas, small islands in the Caribbean sea, 3G m. SE. from Jamaica. Lon. 75° 40' W. ; lat. 17° 35' N. MORE ALT, t, Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud- son, 16 m. NE. from P>alston Spa, 50 N. from Alb;iny. Pop. ] ,()!)0. It is at tlie great bentl of the Hudson, and hero are two falls in the river. Baker's Falls and Glenn's Falls. MOREAU, r. Misw which runs into the SW. side of the Missouri. MORETOWN, t Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, 7 ni. W. from Montpclier. Pop. 816. MORGAN, CO. Va. bounded by Berkshire SE. Hampshire SW. and on all other sides by the Potomac river or Maryland. Length 30 m. mean width 15. Chief town, F'rankfort. Pop. in 1820, 2,500; in 1830, 2,6f)2. MORGAN, CO. Geo. bounded by Putnam SE, Jasper SW. Walton NW. and the Oconee river, or Clarke and Greene NE. Length 22 m. mean width 20 m. Chief town, Madi- son. Pop. in 1820, 13,520 ; in 1830, 12,023, of whom 6,877 arc colored. MORGAN, CO. Ohio, bounded N. by Musk- ingum and Guernsey, E. by Monroe, and S. by Washington and Athens. Length 32 m. brcadtli 18. Surface broken and hilly, though much of the soil is excellent. Chief town, M'Connelsville. Pop. in 1820, 5,297 ; in 1830, 11,796. MORG'iN, ;. Morgan co. Ohio, including M'Connolsville, tiic county seat r.iORGAN, SW. t Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,965. MORGAN, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 652. MORGAN, t. (?allia co. Ohio. Pop. 37 1 . MORGAN, V. Ashtabula co. Oliio, 262 m. NE. from Columbus. MORGAN, CO. E. Ten. Iwundcd by Cum- berland and Wayne cos. Ken. N. C-ampboll E. Anderson SE. Ruane and Bledsoe S. and Over- ton W. Length 40 m. mean width 19. Chief town, Montgomery. Pop. in 1820,1,626; in 1830,2,.W2. MORGAN, CO. Al. on the S. side of the Tennessee. Pop. 9,053. Chief town, Somer- ville. MORGANFIELD, t and scat of justice. Union co. Ken. 12 m. SE. from the mouth of Wabash, and 15 SW. from Henderson on Ohio. Lat 37° 41' N. Pop. 292. MORGAN'S STORE, Montgomery co. N. C. by postroad 113 m. SW. from Raleigh. MORGANSVILLE, v. Nottaway co. Va. 18 m. SW. by W. from Petersburg. MORGANTOWN, v. Iterks co. Pa. 7 m. 'rom Reading. | MORGANTOWN, v. and scat of justice, Monongalia ro. Va. on the right bank of Mo- iiOMgiilicIa river, 20 in. SSW. from Uniontown, and 'M) by land above Urownsville, F'a. It is situ;i1(Ml on high groimd, and contains the usual county buildings, and almut 100 houses. Lat. 3:P 33' N. ; lon. 3° 50' W. from W. MORGANTOWiV, v. and seat of justice, Burko CO. N. ( ■. on the right bank of Catawba river, 30 m. NW. from Lincolnton. Lat. 35° 40' N. ; lon. 4° 42 W. from W. MOR(;!ANTOWN, v. Blount co. Tcnn. on Tenncs.sec river, 30 m. SW. li-om Knoxville. MORCiANTOWN, v. Butler co. Ken. MORRICHES, v. Brookhaven, Suflblk co. N. Y. on the S. side of Long Island, 72 ni. E. from N(;w York. MORRIS, CO. N. J. bounded by Essex SE. Somerset S. Hunterdon SW. Sussex NW. and Bergen NE. Length 20 m. mean width 19. The Pompton and Rockaway rivers unite and form the Passaic, on the; eastern border of this CO. () m. above the celebrated F'alls of Passaic, at the village of Patterson. Soil productive in fruits, grain, and pasturage. Chief town, Morristown. Pop. in 1820, 21,368 ; in 1830, 23,580. MORRIS, t. Knox co. Ohio. MORRIS FLATS, Madison co. N. Y. be- tween Morrison and Cazenovia. MORRISON, the north- westernmost t. of Jackson co. Ohio. MORRISTOWN, t. Orleans co. Vt. 19 m. N. from Montpclier. Pop. 1,315. MORRISTOWN, t. St. I-awrencc co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 2 m. below Brock- ville. Pop. 1,600. MORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Morris co. N.J. 19 m. NW. from Newark, 28 WNW. from New York, 55 from Trenton, 221 from W. Pop. 3,536. It contains the usual county buildings, a bank, a printing-press, an academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterins and 1 for Baptists. MORRISTOWN, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 19 m. W. ^roin Mount Pleasant. MORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Buncombe co. N. C. MORRISTOWN, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 27 m. from Warren. MORRISVILLE, v. in Eaton, Madison co. N.\ . containing the court-house. MORRISVILLE, bor. and t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, 1 m. l)clow Trenton, 29 above Philadelphia. Pop. 531. MORRISVILLE, v. Greene co. Pa. MORRISVILLE, V. Fauquier CO. Va. MOSCOW, V. Genesee eo. N. Y. 4 m. SW. from Genesee. It is a very flourishing village. A newspaper is published here. MOSCOW, t. Wayne co. Oliio, on Sugar creek, 10 m. E. from Woostcr. MOSCOW, t. Somerset co. Mc. 28 m. N. from Norridgewock. Pop. 405. , MOSCOW, t. Livingston co. N. Y. near the W. side of Genesee river, 30 m. above Ro- chester. MOSCOW, small village in the southern limits of Clermont co. Ohio. It is situated on I 342 MOT— MOU ■ : i-h, Li«'^r ^^ N the N. bank of the Oliio river, 22 m. pontlicrly from Williainsbiirg, and 120 soutli-wcstcrly from Columbus. MOTTLE ISTiE, island of Vermont, f;rnn sea. MOUNT WASHINGTON, t. Rcrkshirc co. Ma.ss. 20 m. SSK. from Lenox. Po[). 1^. MOUNT ZION, V. Union co. Ken. 23G m. SW. by W. from Franktbrt. MOUNT ZION, v. Ilimcock co. (jco, 20 ni. NE. from Milledgeviile. MOUNT ZION, V. Monroe co. Miso. 17(1 m. from St. (Charles. MOXAHALA, or .loniitli.-m's Creek, rising: m the N. part of Perry eo. 0)nu, Hows. \]. across Muskingum co. into Muskingum river, which it (Alters, 3 ni. below Zanesviile. MUD CREEK, N. Y. joins Canandaigua creek in Phel|>s. MUDDY RIVER, II. runs into the Missis- si|)|)i. It is navigable 40 m. AlUIXiE, I'uiiif, cape on an island in the G ulf of ( Jeorgin, on the N W. coast of America Lou. 2.r)' !)' E.; lat. 51 P N. MUD ISLAND, fortified isl. Pa. in Dela- Wiire river, 7 ni. below Philadel[>hia. Ml'ULENBURG, co. Ken. Pop. 5,34L Chief town, Greenville. MULBERRY, r. rims into the N. side of the Arkansas, below Fort Smith. MULLEN'S ISLAND, isl. Florida, in the (i ulf of Mexico. I,on. 82° 55' W. ; lat. 28° 1' N. MULLICO HILL, v. Gloucester co. N. J. IMULLICUS, r. N. J. runs into Little Egg- harbor, 4 ni. E. from Leeds. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of GO tons. MULTNOMAH, or Wallaumut, r. falls into the Columbia from the S. about 100 m. from the Pacific. It is 500 yards wide near its mouth, and very deep. MUNCEY, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,5G J. MUNCEY CREEK, Pa. runs into the E. side of the Susquehannali, 23 m. alwve Nortli- umberland. MUNDFORDVILLE, t Hardin co. Ken. on Green river, 30 m. below Grccnsburg, and 30 from liitehfield. MUNSTER, V. Cambria co. Pa. MURFRt;ESIJOROUGH, t. Hertford co. N. C. at the head of navigation on Meherrin river, 50 m. N W. from Ecienton. It is a place of considerable trade. The public buildings are an academy and a Metliodist church. MUFH'REESROROUtJH, t Rutherford co. Ten. and former capital of the state, 32 m. SE. from Nashville, KJO W. from Knoxville. Lnt. :r)° .W N.; Ion. 8G° .W W. The surround- ing country is level and very fertile, abounding with wheat, cotton, and tobacco. The town was nuide the seat of government in 1817, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, liank, niecting-house, and alx)ut two hundred houses; iind, in JHjH, niore than 1,000 inhabitants. The seatof goveinmeut has since been reniov- |( d to Nashville. SV- 344 MUR— NAN m (.'•.Biri;;' ^1 Sv t 11 ' MTTRPH Y'S Sr; ITr.KMlIVT, V. St. C.vnr- vievo CO. rilissoiiri, on llio road I'roin St. Louis to Aik.insus 1111(1 Red rivtrs. lilURR 1SI>ANJ)S, small islands near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. r>'P 8' W. ; kt. SO'-' 32' N. MURRAY, t. Northumberland co. U. C. on the bay of Quiiite, at the mouth of the river 'lV(!nt. MURRAY, t. Orleans co. N.Y. on Lake Ontario, IS ni. NE. from Batavia. Pop. 3,138. MURRAY RAY, or Malbay, Scijifniory of Norlhuiiiberland co. L.C. on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, GG m. NE. from Quebec. MURRAY HARBOR, harbor on the E. coast of the island of St. John, in the Gulf of St. Lawrencf!. I-on. 62= 20' \V. ; lat. 40° N. MURRAY'S FERliY, v. Williamsburg co. S. C'arolina. MUSCLE CANAL, strait on the NW. coast of America, leadinjj into Carter's bay. MUSC^LE StIOALS, in Tennessee river, 2."i0 m. above its mouth, and the same distance below the Suck. They extend about 25 m. ; the river spreads to tlio width of 3 m. and is full of islands. The jjassajro of the shoals is dilHcult, except when the river is liiyh. MUSflANAN, r.Pa. which Ibrms the bound- ary l)etween Centre and Huntinfrtlon cos. and falls into a branch of the Susquehannah. MUSKL\C;UM, CO. Ohio, ou the Muskin- gum r. bounded on the N. by Coshocton, E. by (Inernsey, S. by Morgan, and W. liy Perry and Licking cos. It is 28 by 27 m. in extent. Pop. in 1820, 17,821; in 1830, 2i),325. Chief town, Znnesvillc. MUSKlN(iUM, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. MUSKINGUM, r. Ohio, rises in Portage CO. and running S. 200 m. joins the Ohio at Marietta. At its moutli, it is 2.50 yards wide. Ft is naviLTablc 100 in. to Coshocton tor large boats, and ibr small boats, to its source; whence there is a ])ortage of only one mile to the Cuy- ahoga, which runs into Lake Erie. At Zanes- ville there arc considerable rapids in tlic river. MUSIvONGlTS, r. Lincoln co. Maine, which flows through Waldolrarough into a bay of the same name. Muskongus island, in this bay, contains 1,000 acres. MYERSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 32 m. E. from llarrisburg. MYSTIC, r. Mass. which flows into Boston harbor. It is navigable tor sloops to Mcdford, 4 m. MYSTIC RIVER, v. New London co. Ct. N. NAA MAN'S CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into the river Delaware, near tJie line of Pa. NACOTJDOCIIES, formerly Assinnyp, i. Texas, near the head waters of the Nctches. Lon. yl" 17' W.; lat. 31° 27' N. It is a smdl town, having a lew farms in its vicinity. NAGRAC'A, r. Missouri territory, which joins the Arkansas about lon. 99° 20' VV. It is navigable 150 m. NAHANT, a peninsula, Mass. in the town- ship of Lynn, 9 m. S. from Salem, 14 m. NE. from Boston. It is connected with the main land by a narrow isthnms, more than a niilc and a half in length. It is divided into (ireat Nahant, Little Nahant, and Bass Neck. On (ircat Nahant, the eastern division, containing 305 acres of highly cultivated and fertile land, there arc several dwelling-houses. At the east end, at low water, in the pools among the largo rocks, is found the Animal J'lower, or Rose Fish, adhering to small stones in water 4 or 5 feet deep. There is e chasm 30 feet In dejitli on the northern shore, called the Spoulinir Horn, into which, at about half-tide, the water rushes with great violence and a tremendous sound. NAHANTICK, bay, Ct. 3 m. W. of the mouth of the Thames. NAIN, Moravian settlement in Pcnnsyl- vania, on Lehigh river, established in 17G3; 50 m. N. from Philadelphia. NAMASKET, r. Mass. which joins Bridge- water river, N. of Middleborough, to form the river Taunton. NANCEVILLE, v. Harrison co. In. NANGIRA, or Neoriffr.e, r. southerly branch of the Osage. Alwut 20 m. from its mouth there is a cascade of 90 feet perpendicular, and near it are two smaller ones. NANJEMOY, t. and port of entry, Charles CO. Md. near the river Nanjemoy, which flows into the Potomac, SW. from Port Tobacco. It is a jilacc of some trade. NANSEMOND, co. SE. part of Va. bound- ed N\V. by Isle of Wight co. E. by Norlblk CO. S. by N. C. and W. by Southampton co. Pop. 11,784. Chief town, Suffolk. NANSEMOND, r. Va. which runs into the Hampton Road. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Suffolk, and for those of 250 to Sleepy-Hole. NANTASKET ROAD, the entrance into Boston harbor, Mass. S. of the light-house. NANTI(X)KE, V. Broome co. N. Y. NANTIC:OKE, creek of Broome co. N. Y. rises between Chenango and Owego rivers, and falls into the Susquehannah about midway be- tween Chenango Point and Owego. NANTICOKE, r. Md. which rises in Dcla- ware, and runs SW. into Fishing Bay in the ('hesajjcakc. NANTICOKE FALI,S, in Pa. on the Sus- quchannah, 7i m. below Wilkesbarre. NANTUCKET, isl. Mai^s. 10 m. E. from Martha's Vineyard, about b leagues S. tioni Cai)e Cod. Lon. GU" 56' to 70° 13' W. ; lat. 41° 13' to 41= 22' N. It is of triangular form, about 15 m. long, and 11 broad in the widest |)lace, containing 2.'),380 acres. The land is lield in connnon by the inhabitants, and though of a good quality, is little cultivated by thcni, as they are generally oceuj)ied in the whale fishery, in which employment their enterprise and success have gained them great cekibrity- Nantucket, with several small islands near it. fi)nns a county, and contains but one town which is of the same name with the island. Pop. ill 1820, 7,266; in 1830, 7,202. NANTUCKET, t. and s-p. on the abo\R iyland, 10 ni. SE. from Falinnutli, 60 SE. from II NAN—NAT 3fS New Bedford, 123 SSE. from Boston. Lon. 70° 8' W. ; lat. 41^^ IG' N. It is situated on an arm of a small bay in the NW. side of the isLiiid. Tliis bay is formed by two projcctinji; points, the longfr of which, extending in a NW. direction, is called Sandy I'oint, on which is a light-house. The town contains between 700 and 800 dwelling-houses, several hoi^es of public worship, 2 banks, two insurance ofli- ccs, a woollen manufactory, and 30 spermaceti works, which employ a capital of $GOO,000. The harbor is well land-locked, and safe from all winds. 'I'hcre is a large amount of Bhij)- ping Ixjlongingto this jiort employed in whaling. NANTUXET CREEK, r. N. .1. which runs into Delaware Bay. Lon.7.')J IG' W.; lat. .31)° NAPLES, t. Ontario CO. N. Y. 18 m. S. from Canandaigua, 21G m. VV. from Albany. Pop. I,9'13. NAPLES BAY, or Henderson Bay, extends from Hungry Bay, SVV. into Henderson, N. Y. NARFiAGANSET, a beautilul bay which opens into the soutliern coast of R. I. between Seaeonnet rocks on the E. and Point Judith on the W. extending N. 28 m. to tlic city of Providence, where it terminates. It has an average width of about 10 m. varying from 1 to 15. It has been suggested by tlie navy connnissioners, that this bay would iiJVord the most eligible site for a naval depot that could be found NE. of the Chesapeake. NARRAGUAGUS, v. AVashington co. Me. on the Narraguagus, 37 m. W. from Machias. NARRAGUAGUS, r. Me. which runs into Narraguagus Bay, at Harrington. NAIIROWS, 7'A«, channel between Long Island and Staten Island, connecting New York Bay with the Atlantic, 9 m. S. from N. York. The channel is a little more thar a mile wide, and is well defended by forts and batteries. NARROWS, The, in Lake George, N. Y. opposite Bolton, 14 m. N. from Caldwell. NASH, CO. central part of N. C. Pop. 8,492. t'liief town, Nashville. NASHUA, r. which rises in Worcester co. Mass. and runs NE. into th( Merrimack at Nasliua Village, in Dunstable, N. H. IJ m. above the meeting-house. Iicngth 40 m? NASHAUN, one of the Elizabeth islimds, Mass. E. of Buzzard's Bay, NW. of Martha's Vineyard. NASHVILLE, t. and cap. Davidson co. and capital of the state of Tennessee, on S. side of the Cumberland, 110 m. N. from Huntsville, l!)0 W. from Knoxvillc, 2.50 SVV. from Lex- ington, 430 NE. by N. from Natchez, 714 SW. from Washington, 594 NE. from New Orleans, 294 SW. from Cincinnati, 288 S. from Indian- apolis, and 937 SW. from N. Y. A branch of the U. S. bank has been fixed here, and has Kreat y favored the growth of the place. The town is adorned with one of the largest and hanfiBomest market-houses in the western coun- try. It is the seat of the university of Nash- ville, which, in regard to its profcssor.ships, library, rliemical and philosophicnl iippaiatus, ax the estimation of its president, and the actual fruits of its iitility, has taken a high place among western institutions of the kind. It was founded in 180G, and tlie number of Btu- dents ranges from 70 to 100. Number of vol- umes in the libraries, 2,500. The commence- ment is on the first Wednesday in October. There arc two vacations in a year ; the first, from conmicnccment 5i weeks ; the second, from first Wednesday in April 5^ weeks. This town contains, also, a number of churches, a lyccum, and many handsome private dwellings. It issues four or five gazettes, which rank among the most respectable in the West The citizens in general evince an encouraging in- terest in the advancement of science, litera- ture, and taste. Few towns impart more plcjisant im])ressions of general liospitality and urbanity to strangers. It contains 5,5G6 in- habitants. Tliere is a steam-boat navigation from Nashville to New Orleans. The Cumber- land is navigable to this place for vessels of 30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year, and at certain times, for ships of 400 tons. NASHVILLE, v. and scat of justice, Nash CO. N.C. 50 m. NE. by E. from Raleigh, 273 from W. NASSAU, cap. of the island of New Provi- dence, one of the West Indies. Lon. from W. 0°.50' W.; lat. 24055' N. NASSAU, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 15 m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 3.254. NASSAU, r, Florida, rising between St. John's and St. Mary's rivers, aid flowing pa- rallel to^-ach, falls into the Atlantic Ocean be- tween Talbot and Amelia islands, after a com- parative course of about 70 m. Lat 30<^ 44' N.; lon. f5p43'W. NASSAU ROAD, sailing passage, on the coast of Mississippi, W. of Mobile Bay. NATA, or Santiago dc los CabareUos, city of N. America, in Veragua. Lon. from W. 3P 17' W. ; lat. 8° 22' N. NATCHAUtJ, r. Ct which joins the She- tucket, in Windham. NATf ;HEZ, city and port of entry, Adams CO. Mississippi, on E. bank of the Mississippi, 322 m. above New Orleans by the course of the river, 156 by land, 90 W. from Mcmticelk), 430 SW. by S..from Nashville, and 1,146 from VV. The site of the town is very irregular, the principal part being built on a high bluff, and the remainder at its foot on the bank of the river. The stieets of the upper town are regular, crossing at right angles. If contains a court-house, jail, a bank, an academy, several churches, and issues 3 or 4 weekly newspapers. Pop. 2,790. NATCHITOCHES, t and cap, Natchito- ches CO. La. on the SW. bank of Red river, about 200 m. above its junction with the Mis- sissippi, 200 in a right line NW. from New Orleans, jind 1,148 from W. Jajiu 930 20' W.; lat. 31^ IG' N. This town was settled before New Orleans, but continued mitil lately an in- considerable village. It is now flourishmg, and contains a Roman Catholic church, a jail, a U S. factory, and about 800 inhabitants. iW'3 I •• '1 346 NAT— NET i% l-'i; .1 ''i fr * NATURAL BRIDGE. NATURAL BRIDGE, in Rockbridge co. Va. This bridge, which is over Cedar creek, is one of the greatest natural curiosities in the world. See page 95. NAUGATUCK, r. Ct. which flows S. and joins the Housatonnuc, at Derby. Length 50 miles. • NAVESINK, harbor on tlie coast of Mon- mouth CO. N. J. 5 m. NW. from Slirewsbury. The Naveaink Hills, 282 feet high, are tljc first land seen in approaching the coast. NAVY, t Orleans co. Vt €0 m. NE. from Montpelier. NAVY ISLAND, in the Niagara, between Grand Isle and the Falls ; 1 m. Jong, and 1 broad; 15 m. NNE. from Navv Hall. NAZARETH, t. Northampton co. Pa. 7 m. NW. from Easton, 10 NNE. from Betiilehem, 62 N. from Philadelphia. Tliis is a phasant and handnome town, regularly built of stone, and contains a celebrated Moravian academy. NEEDHAM, t. Norfolk cq. Matss. on the river Charles, opposite Newton, 6 ni. WNW. from Dedham, 12 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,420. Between this town and Newton the river has 2 falls ; one of 20 feet. These afford many excellent luill-seats; and on Needham side there are 3 paper-mills, besides other mills. NEHOG ATOOANNAH, r. America, which runs into the Mississippi, Ion. 93° 5' W. ; lat 44° 24' N. NEHUMIKEAG, isl. in the Kennebeck, 14 m. above the Merrymeeting Bay. NELSON, formerly Packersfield, t. Cheshire CO. N. H. 8 m. NE. from Keene, 40 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 875. Here is a cotton and woollen manufactory. NELSON, t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 ni. SW. from Utica. Pop. 2,445. NELSON, t. Ashtabula co. Oliio. NE!,yON, t Portage co. Ohio. NELSON, English settlement in N. Ameri- ca, on the W. side of Hudson's Bay, at the mouth of the river Nelson, 250 m. SE. of Churchhill Fort. It belongs to the Hudson's Bay (^-ompany, who carry on a great trade in beaver and other skins. Lon. 92° 35' W. ; lat. 57° 7' N. NELSON, CO. Va. bounded by James river or Buckingham SE. Amherst SW. the Blue Ridge or Rockbridge and Augusta NW. and Albemarle NE. Length 23 m. mean widtli 15. Besides being washed by James river, it iu drained by Rock Fish and Tye rivers. War- minster, the chief town, is about 60 m. a little N. of W. from Richmond. Pop. in 1820, 10,137; in 1830, 11,251, of whom 5,308 are colored. NELSON, CO. Ken. bounded E. and SE. by Washington, S. and SW. by the Rolling fork of Salt river, or Hardin, NW. by Bullit, and N. by Salt river or Shelby. Length 30 miles, mean width 17. Chief town, Bairdstown. Pop. in 1820, 16,273 ; in 1830, 14,916. NELSON'S FORT, a British factory attlie mouth of Nelson's river. Lon. from W. 15° 42' W. • lat. 57° 12' N. NELSON'S RIVER, large r. of N. Ameri. ca, in Cabotia, or British America. It rises in Lake Winnipeg, and flowing about 350 m. in a NE. direction, empties into Hudson's Bay, in lat. 57° 30' N. ; lon. 93° W. NELSON'S FERRY, v. S. C. 50 m. N. from Charleston. NEMAHA, r. La. which runs into the Mis- souri, 380 m. from the Mississippi. NEN. r. U. C. empties itself into Lake On. tario, in the t. of Pickering. NEOPSCO CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac. NEPANOSE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah. Near this town is a remarkable valley. NEPONSET, a 1 andsome village, partly in Milton and partly in Dorchester, Norfolk co. Mass. on both sides of Neponset river, 6 m. S. from Boston. It has a number of establish- ments, where paper, chocolate, cards, and other articles, are manufactured ; also fulling-mills, corn-mills, and various others. NEPONSET, creek of Boston harbor, navi- gable four miles to Milton, for vessels of 150 tons. NESCOPECK, r. Luzerne co. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannali, at Nescopeck Falls. NESCOPECK, t. Luzerne co. Pa. at tlie junction of the Nescopeck with the Susque- hannah, about 38 m. ENE. from Northumber- land. NESCOPECK, mt Pa. on the borders of the Susquehannah. NESHAMINY, r. Bucks co. Pa. which runs SE. into the Delaware, 5 or 6 m. below Bristol. NESHNABATONA, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 508 m. from the Mississippi. NETCHEZ, r. Louisiana, which runs south- NES— NEW 347 ^a. which runs into me CO. Pa. at the I with the Susque- , from Northuinber- on the borders of erly, went of the slate of I.uuisiiinii, and flows into tlie Sabine Luke. NEUS, river of N. C. which enters PamUco Sound, below Newbern, where it is a mile and a half broad. It rises in Person co. interlock- ing sources with Dan river, branch of Roan- oke, and flowing through Granville, Orange, Wake, Johnson, Wayne, Lenoir, and Craven COS. empties into Pamlico Sound. It is navi- gable for boats to Raleigh. NEVERSINK, or Navesink, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. Pop. 946. It lies on E. side of Rock- land. NEVERSINK, r. Ulster co. N. Y. It lies on E. side of Rockland, and runs into the Delaware. NEVERSINK HILLS. Sec Navesink. NEVILLA, t. Clermont co. Ohio. NEVILLSVILLE, v. Clermont co. Ohio, containing about 200 inhabitants, 30 m. above Cincinnati. NEVIS, one of the leeward Caribbee islands in the West Indies, divided from the E. end of St. Christopher's by a narrow channel. It has but one mountain, which is in the middle, very high, and covered with large trees to the summit. Here are springs of fresh water and a hot bath, of a nature similar to those of Bath, in Eng. It is a small island, but very fruitful, and subject to the English. Charles- ton is the capital. NEW AI.BANY, v. Bradford co. Pa. NEW ALBANY, handsomely situated, t. and seat of justice for Floyd co. In. It is situ- ated on the right bank of Ohio river, 4 m. be- low Louisville, and 2 below Shippingport in Ken. It contains about 1,500 inhabitants, a steam, saw and grist mill, and a phip-yard. NEW ALEXANDRIA, v. Westmoreland CO. Pa. on Loyalhanna river, 11 m. NE. from Greensburg. NEW ALEXANDRIA, small town of Co- lumbiana co. Ohio. NEW ANTRIM, t. Orange co. N. Y. situ- ated on the post and stage-road, from N. Y. to Albany, 34 m. N. by \V. of tlie former, and 33 SE. of Goshen. NEWARK, U. C. is situated on the W. side, at the entrance of Niagara river, opposite the fortress of Niagara, on Lake Ontario. This town was laid out in the year 1794. It now contains about 150 persons, 2 churches, a jail, and academy. The first provincial parliament met at this place, and the pubUc offices of gov. emment have been held pro tempore here. NEWARK, v. and seat of justice, Essex co. N. J. situated on the W. side of Passaic river, on a plain ; the streets are wide and generally straight. Here are two banks, and several ex- tensive tanneries, and other manufacturing es- tablishments. There are extensive quarries of valuable building stone in its vicinity. It is 9 m. W. of N. Y. and 6 NNE. from Elizabeth- town. NEWARK, V. Tioga co. N. Y. NEWARK, v. Ontario CO. N. Y. NEWARK, t. Newcastle co. Del. 14 m. SW. from Wilmington. NEWAUK, V. Worcester co. Md. NEWARK, V. Louisa co. Va. 25 m. NW. from Richmond. NEWARK, t. or a seat of justice. Licking CO. Ohio. It is situated near the confluence of the principal branches of Licking river, 26 m. W. by N. from Zanesville, 26 N. by E. from Lancaster, and 33 E. by N. from Columbus. It contains a Presbyterian meeting-house, and a court-house of brick. Pop. 511. NEWARK BAY, sheet of water extending from Staten Island Sound to the mouth of Pas- Siiic and Hackensack rivers, in a direction of NNE. 2 m. wide and 6 long. NEW ASHFORD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 m. N. from Lenox. Pop. 2H5. NEW ATHENS, v. in the southern part of Harrison co. Ohio," G m. S. from Cadiz. It is seated on both sides of the line, dividing Cadiz from Short creek, lying, therefore, partly in both of those two towns, NEW ATHENS, or Tiogatown, v. Bradford CO.. Pa. It is situated near the confluence of the Tioga river, and the E. branch of the Sus- quehannah ; a situation very convenient to intercept the trade of both rivers. NEW BALTIMORE, v. and t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 18 m. below Albany. Pop. 2,370. NEW BALTIMORE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 45 m". from W. NEW BARBADOES, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. l,r.93. NEW BEDFORD, v. and seaport of Mass. in Bristol co. on a small arm of Buzzard bay. It has a secure harbor. The principal occu- pation of the inhabitants is fishing, preparing whale oil, spermaceti, and candles, which arti- cles they export in considerable quantities. NEW BEDFORD, p. Mahoning t. Mercer CO. Pa. 15 m. SW. from Mercer. NEW BERLIN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 2,643. NEW BERLIN, v. and seat of justice. Union CO. Pa. on Penn's creek, 11 m. W. from Sun- bury, and 168 from W. NEWBERN, v. Montgomery co. Va. NEWBERN, capital of Craven eo. N. C. situated on the S. bank of the river Neuse, at its junction with the Trent, 33 m. S. of Wash- ington, on Pamlico river, ii.nd 81 S. by W. of Edenton, on Albemarle Sound. This is a vil- lage and iwrt of entry, the most populous in the state, and was the seat of government be- fore the revolution. NEWBERJJVILLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 25 m. from Utiea. NEWBERRY, district of S. C. bounded by Lexington SE. Saluda river or Edgefield SW. Laurens NW. Ennorcc river or Union N. and Broad river or Fairfield NE. Length 25, mean width 20 m. The soil is productive in cotton, which is the principal staple. Chief town, Newberry. Pop. in 1820, 16,104; in 1830, 17,441. NEWBERRY, v. Burlington co. N. J. NEWBERRY, v. Christian co. Ken. NEWBERRY, v. Lycoming co. Pa. on th« m W ^ 348 NKVV— NHVV W. bank of fiyooiniiijf crtxl*, opiiosili' Wil- liomsport. NEWIIRRRY, t. ami so.it of jiisticp, New- berry district, S. (J. 40 in. NVV. i'roni Colum- bia. NEW BLOOMFIEI.D, v. Pc rry co. Pa. 25 m. SW. from Ilarrisburp. NEW BOSTON, t. HillBboroni;rh co. N. II. Pop. 1,680. It is situated on a brancli of tho Merrimack river, 50 m. westward from Ports- mouth. NEW BOSTON, v, Berkshire co. Mass. 119 m. westerly from Boston. NEW BOSTON, v. Madison co. N. Y. 30 m. from Utica. NEW BOSTON, v. Clarke co. Ohio, on the western side of Mad river, 4 ni. SW. from Springfield. NEW BOURBON, v. St. Genevieve co. Miso. containing about 70 houses and S.W in- liubitantB. It stands 3 m. below St. Ccnevic^ve. NEW BOWLING GREEN, v. Washiiifr. ton ca Miso. 99 m. SSW. from Sf. JiOuis. NEWBORN, V. Jasper co. Geo. 63 ni. NW. from Millcdgevillc. NEW BRAINTREE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. WNW. from Worcester. NEW BROWNSVILLE, Wayne co. Ohio, on Jerome's fork. NEW BRUNSWICK. Sen Brunswick, New. NEW BRUNSWICK, in British America. See page 167. NEWBURGH, t. Pcnol)ficot co. Mo. NEWBURGII, t. and haif-shirc Orange co. N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, !)5 ni. S. of Albany, and 70 on the stiigi-roiul N. of N. Y. Pop. of the whole town, (),.121. The village is pleasantly situated on llu; Hudson. Its trade employs 50 vessels or more. It is increasing rapidly in wealth and population. It eontnins a bank, court-hotise, academy, and several houses of public worship, for Presby- terians, Episcopalians, and Methodists. On (Chambers' creek is an extensive carmoii fbun- dery. NEWBURGH, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, SE. of Cleveland. Pop. 869. NEWBURY, t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecti- cut river, opposite Ilaverliill, 34 nt. ESE. from Montpelier, 47 above Windsor. Vop''ii,^i)2. NEWBURY, t. Essex co. Mass. on the S. bank of Merrimack river, opposite to Salisbury, with which it is connected by a bridge, 24 m. N. from Salem, 32 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 3,803. It contains 2 academidfe, and 5 Con- gregational churches. NEWBURY, district, S. C. See Newherry. NEWBURY, t. Geauga co. Ohio, Pop. 594. NEWBURYPORT, t. and port of entry, Essex CO. Mass. on the S. bank of the Merri- mack, 3 m. from its mouth, 24 N. from Salem, 24 SSW. from Portimouth, 33 NNE. from Boston. Lon. 70° 47' W. ; lat. 42=" 49' N. Pop. 6,388. NEWBY'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Culpepcr CO. Va. Nr;VV(A.STI,i;, l. I.iiuolu eo. Me. ? m. NNi:. fioiii Wisrnssel, Ki.'i NK. from Boston. Pop. I,.'"»4I. Hero is au nrndoniy. NHWCAS'l'Lli or'Jircnt Island, inl. an.l I. Roekinghani r;o. N. H. in tlic mouth of the Piseatucpia, 2 m. 11. from Portsmoulli. I'on. 592. On tlie NE. point arc a light-houso and a fort. NEWCASTLE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. C, m. W. from Bc(it()rd, 37 N. from New York. Pop. 1,33(1. NEWCASTLE, ro. Delaware, bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware river and bay, S. by Kent co. and W. by Maryland. The Chesapeake and Delaware canal eroefcv* this eo. Length 3(i m. mean width 12; area 4.12 sq. ms. Pop. in 1H2(), 27,8i>9 ; in IH.'IO, 2!',710. C^hief towns, Newcastle and VVil- Hiington. NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Newcastle co. Delaware, on W. bank of the river Delaware, 5 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 33 SW. from Philadelphia, 103 from W. Lon. 75^ .3.5' \V.; lat. 39° 43' N. It contains 2 houses of public wor.ship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Presby- terians, a court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 150 houses, and has some trade. A rail-road passes from this place to French- town, Md. NEWCASTLE, t. Mercer co. Va. NEW(;AS'l'r;E, f. Hanover co. Virginia, on the Pamunky, 21 miles NE. from Rich- mond. NEWCASTIiE, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Henry eo. Ken. on the river Kentucky, 18 m. S. from We.^t- port, .')5G from W. It contains the comity buildings, a bank, and about J5() houses. NEW C^IIESTER, t. (Jraflon co. N. H. on the Merrimack. Pop. 1,090. NEWCOME, V. Preble co. Ohio, 103 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. NEW(^OjVIERSTOWN, settlement, in tlie SW. quarter of Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 18 m. SW. by W. from New Philadelphia, and 4 E. from Coshocton. NEW CONCORD, v. Columbia co. N. Y. 48 m. from Albany. NEW DURHAM, t. Strafford co. N. H. 40 m. NW. from Portsmouth. Pep. 1,162. NEW EtJYPT, V. Monmouth co. N. J. 35 m. NE. by K from Philadelphia. NEW "ENGLAND, name given at an early period to all the country that lies between Canada and New York, and which at present comprises New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, and Maine. NEWENHAM, Cape, rocky point of con- siderable height, on the W. coast of N. Ameri- ca. It was discovered by Capt. Cook, in 1778. Lon. 162° 24' W.; l.at. 58= 42' N. NEW FAIRFIELD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. Pop. 958. It is situated between Brookfield and the state of N. York. NEW FANE, t. Windham co. Vt Pop. 1,411. It is situated on the E. side of West liver, 8 m. NW. from Fulluun. •Ki^- ^ NEW- .\FAV 340 CO. Ohio, 103 111. ilumbia co. N. Y. ;ky point of con- oast of N. Ameri- ipt. Cook, in 1778. 12' N. Fairfield co. Ct. jtweeu Brookficld NEW FKIJ('F.\NA, |.aiisli, l.a. IkjiiikIl.! N. by MissisHijiiti, !■<. liy Amilii river, or piirisli St Helena, S. hy I']iist Hiitnn 1{om<,'(', and SW. by the MisHiHsijjpi river. Si. rr.inci.-ivillc; in the only town worthy of notice. Pop. in 1820, 12,732; in IH.'m, lti,H7(i. NEWFIEIJ), V. Tompkins co. N. Y. 210 in. W. from Albany, 9 from Ithaca. Pop. 9,Gfvl. NEWFIELD, t. York co.Mo.40 m.NNW. from York. Pop. 1,28!). NEWFOUND LAKE, lake, N. IT. in II(!- bron, Now ('hcfltcr, Alexandria, and Uridjro. water, 6 m. loiiitr from N. to S. and il\ broad. NEWFOUNDLAND, isLontiu! E. coast of N. America, between 17^ and !ii^ N. lat. It was discovered by Sebastian OalHit in M!)fi, aud, after many disputes with the French, it was ceded to the Enfflisii in 1713. It is of a triangular form, from 300 to 3.'>0 m. on a side. It has several harlwrs, and there are about 5 or 600 English ffurtihes settled here, beside the garrison of St. John, Placentia, and other forts. In the fishing season, whicii begins in May and ends in Scptemlicr, it is resorted to by at least 10,000 people, on account of tlu! cod fisheries on the banks near it NEWFOUND RIVKR, r. N. H. which flows from Newfound Lake, and after a south- erly cotirsc of 4 or 5 m. runs into tiic Merri- mack near Rristol. NEWFOUND MILLS, v. Hanover co. Va NEW GARDEN, t Ciiestcr co. Pa. NEW GARDEN, v. Robinson co. N. C. NEW GARDEN, v. Columbiana co. Ohio. NEW GKNEVA, v. Fayette co. Pa. NEW GEORGIA, islands, 12 in niimhor, in the Polar sea, disrovenid in 181 f), by Lient. Parry. The largest is Melville Island. NEW GERMANTOWN, v. Huntingdon CO. N. J. NEW GLASGOW, v. Amherst co. Va. Here is an academy for young ladies. NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the U. S. Sec p. 48. NEW HAMPTON, t. StraflTord co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 30 m. above Concord. Pop. NEW HAMPTON, v. Hunterdon N. J. 21 ni. N. by W. from Flemington, 40 NW. troni New Brunswick. NEW HANOVER, co. N. C. bounded by the Atlantic ocean SE. Cape Fear river, or Brunswick SW. Bladen W. Sampson NW. Duplin N. and Orslon £. Length 50 m. mean width 25. Surface mostly flat, and in part marshy. Staples, cotton and tobacco. Chief town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 10,866 ; in 1830, 10,759. NEW HARTFORD, t. Litchfield co. Ct 22 m. W. by N. of the city of Hartford, and 12 m. NE. of Litchfield, the shire town. Pop. 1,766. NEW HARTFORD, v. Oneida co. N.Y. 4 m. W. from Utica. NEW HAVEN, t. Addison co. Vt on Ot- ter creek. NEW HAVEN, co. Ct bounded by Long Island Sound S. Housatonimc river, or Fairfield SW. Litehlieid NW. fliirllbid N. and Middle- sex NE. Length 27 m. mi-an breadth 22. This county is one of the most |)Ica8ingly di- versified of any in tile United States. A chain of niuinitii ins of moderate elevation, iHTvadcB it from SSW. to NNE. anj^^ nil' w:- ' ?'i §1^ ' i 350 NEW— NFAV Rlictorir, Palcy's Moral Philosophy, NiiturallCity and Henrico cos. and W. by iliinov<>r co. Theology, and Evidences of (Jhristiuiiity. Tiu; ptudcntfl attend the Icctun's ofthn several pro- fcRHors on tlicir respective brandies, and have ftcqucnt exercises in speaking and com|ioHi. tion. Commencement is held on the 2d Wed- nesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; the Ist from eommonccment, 6 weeks ; the 2d from the 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks; the 3d from the Wcdne8,000 Iwatnicn from the up|X!r country here ; and it is not unconnnon to see 40 vessels advertised for Ie I'otuharlrain, has Ur. vr > ijr ' i;b/ip.:. It is |HTl((;tly straight, aiii' ..'» only 16 inehcs Irom a dead level from end to end, N'' city in the United States contains hucIi a vo/i. ety of inhabitants fVoni every statu in tlie Union, and from i vrry nation m Kurope; and then! are not a few from the Spanish country, and the islands. There is an astonishing con- trast of manners, language, and complexion. One half the ])opulation is black or colored. The French |>o|>ulation probably as yet pre- dominates over the American. Among the Americans, the inhabitants of the city oi New York seem to have the greater number, nnd New ( )rleun8 has more intercourse with New York, than any other American city. The iiiter(;ourse with Havana and Vera On/ is great, and constantly increasing. 'I'he college is a rcs|K'etablc building, and has ample en- dowments, but has, as yet, done little for the literature of the country. There ore a num- ber of diaritablc institutions in this city, of res[)cctablc character ; and when the epideiiiii' yellow lever visits it, the manner in which the inhabitants bestow charity, nursing, shelter, and medical aid to tlic sick, is worthy of all praise. A library, for the use of the poorer reading young men of the city, has been in- stituted, and in the extent of her efl\cient and useful charities. New Orleans is not far behind her Atlantic sisUirs. There are fewer churches in the city, than in any other town of the same size in the United States. There are but three Catholic places of worship, one Presbyterian, one Episeoi)alian, a. Mariners' church, a Baptist ami a Methodist place of worship. Very little observance of the Sabbatli, as northern people estimate it, is seen in this city. It i» well known, tliat tlie forms of the Catliolic worship do not forbid amusements on the Sabbath. The city nnd Fauxbourgs (suburbs) contain- ed, in 1830, 4G,310 inhabitants. It is about 1,000 ill. Ik,-1ow the mouth of tlie Ohio, and 1,20.'] m. from Washington. NEW ORLEANS, parish. La. including tlie city of New (Jrleans, bounded by the Gulf of Mexico S. the interior of Lafourcht and German coast W. Lake Ponchartrain N. the Rigolets and Lake Borgne NE. and Plaque- mine E. Length 80 m. mean width 16. It Hes between lat. 29° 14' and 30° 12' N. Pop. exclusive of tlie city, 3,71)3. Chief town, New Orleans. NEW PALTZ, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 15 m. below Kingston landing, and 7 m. S. from Pouglikeepsie. Pop. 5,105. NEW PALTZ LANDING, v. Ulster co. N. Y. on Hudson river, opposite Poughkeepsie. NEW PARIS, v. Preble co. Ohio, 92 m. a little S. of W. from Columbus. NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. and scat of justice, Tuscarawas co. Ohio. It is situated on the left bank of Muskingum river, on a beautiful plain, opposite the moutli of Sugar creek. It contains the county buildings, seve- ral stoics, and 410 inhabitants. It is 50 m. NE. fiom Zancsviilc, and 314 from W. (f NEW— Ni:\v .')53 v ly ''.i;tihevl . « only 16 to mid. N' Hiieli a vn.i (tutu in tlio Kurope ; and jIhH country, iiiiitliinK con- coinpioxion. n or colort'il. f aH yet pre- Anionij the 3 city ol New number, nnd rsc with New n city. Tlio Vtra ('ru7. Ih . The colicpr iiiB ample en- I little for llie re arc a nuin- 1 thiH city, of n the cpidtiiiir r in which tlic irHing, slicUer, K worthy of all ; of the poorer r, has been in- icr cfUcient and I not far behind fewer churcheK iwn of the Bamc •e arc but three Presbyterian, hurch, a Baptist lip. Very little northern people ty. It iff well atliolic worship 1 the Sabbath, burbs) contain- . It is about Uie Ohio, and La. including led by the Gulf Lafourche and hartrain N.the E. nnd Plaque- width 16. It [)oi2'N. Pop- Jiief town. New o. N. Y. 15 m. 7 m. S. from V, Ulster CO. ; Poughkcepsic. , Ohio, 92 m. a V. and scat of It is situated Urn river, on a iinouth of Sugar I buildings, sevc- is. It is 50 m. Ifrom \V. NRW Pmi,.M)i:!,rill.\, v. IIi.r.liM ro. Keii..^ Ml. from Ohio rivor, 30 iibovt? I.oiiisvillr, NKWPOIIT. t. Cli.s'.iro v K. from I'rovidnicc, ,'j.'> 10. by N. (rom New l.on. dim, 71 S. I)v W. Iroin Koslon. Loii. 71 ' ID' \V.; I.it. 41 ^ ^'.V N. Pop. H,01(). Aiiioiifr i|,e piililii: fiiiil oilier priiii'i|)al Ixiildiii^rH are, n slnli -house, u jail, nn neademy, - baiikw, 2 iii- siiriiiici^.oHleiH, a puMic library contaiiiinjf l,f)l)0 volumes, and II houses of public wor- sliip, ;2 lor <'oii;freffati()ualislH, .'1 lor Huptists, I lor SalibatariuuM or Seveuth-day IliiptislH, 1 lor lIpiscopaliauH, 1 lor I'Vieuds, 1 fl)r .Aletho- (li.Hts, I (or AIoraNiiins, and a.Iews'Sytiatfoirue. II li:i?i u very spacious and safe harbor, where n largd licet may ride at anchor, deteuded by lliree forlH. Ntnv|K)rt was once the greatest commercial seaport in the state, but its pros- perity has of late years (jreatly declined. N'ilWPOliT, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 20 m. N. froMi Ifcrkimer, UH NVV. from Albany. \K\VPt)Ii'r, t. Cumberland co. N. .1. NF.WPOli'l', t. Ncwea.stle (;o. Delaware, on Cliristiana creek, .'1 ni. SW. from Wilminj^'ton, ill SW. from Pliiladelphia. It contains about .'10 houses. NKWPORT, t. Cliarlcs co. Md. 11 m. SE. from Port 'IVibaeco. NICWlHHiT, t. Wood CO. Va. on the Ohio, at the junction of the Little Kcnhawa, opposite llclpre. NI'AVPORT, t. Washington co. Ohio, on llipOliio, 11 in. ENE. from Marietta. NEWPORT, t. imd cap. Caiupbell co. Ken. on the Ohio, opiwsito Cincinnati, and just above the entrance ot'tlic f Jcking, which separates it from Covington, 4!)8 m. from W. It is situ- ated on an elevated and beautiful plain, com- manding a fine prospect of Cincinnati and Covington, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a market-house, an academy, and i^ ('. S. arsenal. NEWPORT, t. and cap. Cocke co. Ten. NEWPORT, t. Liberty co. Geo. 34 ni. S. from Savannah. NEWPORT, r. N. C. which runs into the sea. NEW PRESTON, v. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. SW. by W. from Litchfield, and 43 a little •S. of W. from Hartford. NEW PROSPECT, v. Bergen co. N. J. 88 m. NE. from Trenton. NEW PROVIDENCE, t. Essex co. N. J. 12 m. W. from Newark. Pop. 910. NEW RICHMOND, v. Clermont co. Ohio, containing 600 inhabitants. It stands on Ohio fiver, 15 m. SW. from Williamsburg. NEW RIVER, small stream of Onslow co. N. C. entering the Atlantic Ocean by New In- 'et, 45 m. WSW, from Cape Lookout. NEW RIVER, smdl r. of Beaufort district, 2U .''.C. fiilim^' into the c*fuary of Savannah nver, |H m. E. from Savannah, NEW RIVER, r. of La. draining the angle Ix'lween the MiNsissippi nnd Amite rivers, Hows E. and I'alls into the western extremity of Lake Mnnrepas. NEW R(K'IH:M,E, v. Westchester co.' N. V. planted origiiudly by Fr( ncli llugncnotii. It lies iiO m. NK. of the city of New York. NEW R()WI,I;Y, v. tWx CO. Mass. 35 NNE. from llrjston. NEW Rl'MI-EY, v. Harrison co. Ohio, II m. northerly from Cadiz, and 130 NE. from Colmnbns. NEWRY, I. Oxlbid CO. .Me. 24 m. NW. of Paris. Pop. .34.'). NEWRY, V. Huntingdon co. Pa. NEW SWITZERLAND, v. Switzerland CO. Ohio, on the right bank of Oliio riser, 65 111. below Cincinnati. The inhabitants are mostly Swiss emigrants, wiio liav(! made some not unsuccessful attemiits to eidtivafethc vine. NEWTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the river Charles, op|iosito Needhain, !) ni. W. of Boston. Poj). 2,377. The falls on the river between Newton and Necdham allbrd many excellent mill-seats; and on the Newton side there arc five pa|)er-mills, iron manufactories, several snutf-mills, &.c. NEWTON, Land cap. Sussex co. N.J. 106 m. NNE. fnun Philadelphia, 76 N. from Tren- ton, 2HH from. W. It is n pleasant and flour- ishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a bank, a printing-olKcc, a Pres. by tcrian church, about 50 com[)act houses, and has a mnuutiictory of iron carried on in a fur- nace and 4 fbrires. Here is a remarkable cave, called tlif! Devil's Hole. NEWTON, t. Delaware co. Pa. NI'IWTON, t. Cumberland co. Pa. NEWTON, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 879. NEWTON, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 715. NKWTON, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 2,301. NEWTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. NEWTOWN, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. NNW. from Ncwburyport, 26 SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 665. NEWTOWN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 9 m.E.by N. from D-anbiiry, 25 WNW. from New Ha- ven. Pop. 3,01)9. It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy. NEWTOWN, t. Queens co. N.Y. on Long Island, 8 m. E. from New York. Pop. 2,610. Near the centre of the township there is a pleasant village containing 3 houses of public worship. From this place come those well- known apples, called " Newtown Pippins." NEWTOWN, t. Bucks co. Pa. 10 m. W. from Trenton, 22 NNE. from Philadelphia. It is situated on a branch of the Nashiminy, and contains a Presbyterian church, an academy, &c. and was formerly the seat of justice for tlie county. NEWTOWN, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 3,298. NEWTOWN, t Frederick co. Md. NEWTOWN, v. Worcester co. Md. kli-ii _'0 i 354 NEW— NEW 1* i , i ' f NEWTOWN, V. King aiid Queen co. Va. 41 m. NE. from Richmond. NEWTOWN, V. Loudon co. Va. 55 m.fr. W. NEWTOWN, V. Hamilton co. Ohio, on LiU tie Miami, 6 m. above its mouth. NEWVILLE, V. Herkimer co. N. Y. 79 m. NW. by W. from Albany. NEWVILLE, V. ( 'umbcrland co. Pa. 12 m. nearly W. from (/iirlislc. NEWV1LI,E, V. BarnweU district, S. C. 110 m. SW. from C/olumbia. NEW WASHINGTON, v. Clarke co. In. 10.5 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. NEW WINDSOR, t. Orange co. N. Y. on file W. side of Hudson river, (iO m. N. of New York, and !)5 S..of Albany. Poj). 2,:n0. NEW WOODSTOCK, V. Madi«on co. N. Y. NEW YORK, one of tlie U. S. See p. 66 NEW YORK, AND ITS KNVIRONi?. NEW YORK, city and co. of New York, situated on Manhattan Island, between Hud- son river, East river, New York Bay, and Haerlem river. Lat. 4^*° 42' N. and Ion. 74° W. from London, and 3"^ E. from "^V. 143 ni. below Albany, 90 NE. from Philadelphia, and 210 SW. from Boston. Maniiattan Island, which forms the county of New York, is about 12 m. long, and has an average width of IJ, containing about 18 sq. ms. Tiie city of New York is the grand coinnlercial emporium of the United States. The harbor is deep, safe, and not subject to be frozen, and so spacious as to accoiTimodate any number of veisiiels of aiy size. The siiipping belonging to this port exceeds 350,000 tons. In its exterior, New York has a more imposing appearance than any other city in the U. States. Its principal street, Broadway, which nearly bisects the city, is 80 feet wide, and more than 3 m. in length, and generally built up wi'h noolc and elegant buildings. The Battery is a place of great pubUc resort in the southern part of the island. Castle Garden is also much frequented. The Park is a beautiful common, finely shaded with trees, and contains 6 acres of ground. In this square stands the City HaJl, a superb and massive structure of white marble, 216 ft. in length by 105 in breadth. It contains the Police Office, the Municipal Court rooms, and the Common Council chamber, ornamented with portraits of digtinguished revolutionary heroes. The New York .Institution is of brick, 260 feet by 44, and is appropriated to associations of literature and the fine arts, such as the Lit- erary and Philosophical Society, the Historical Society with its library, the American Acade- my of Fine Arts with its paintings, and tlie New York Lyceum of Natural History witli its collections. Tiie University is in a central point. The building is of stone, 200 feet in length, and 3 stories h'gh. The state prison, in the eastern part of the city, is 204 feet in lengtii, by 200 in depth, and is built of free- stone. The Alms House is still further east. It is an inclosure, containing the work-hoiife and penitentiary. The dimensions of the first are 320 by 50 feet, tlie next 200 by 25, anJ the third 250 by 50. The Park Theatre and tiie Bowery Theatre are conspicuous build- ings. St. Paul's church, containing the monu- ment and remains of Gen. Montgomery, and Trinity church, are spacious Episcopalian churches, both in conspicuour points on Broad- way. St. John's church in Hudson Square, one of the finest in the city, has the tallest spire in New York. The Medical College is a large and conspicuous edifice. The estab- lishment is amply endowed, and generally contains from 2 to 300 medical students. The following are all spacious public buildings; Clinton Hall, the Bible Society's Depository, the American Tract Society's buildings, both in Nassau-street, the Arcade, and the Arcade Baths, the New York Baths, the Public Ma- (' 1» istrict, S. C. larke co. In. CO. N. Y. on in. N. of New .p. 2,310. Jison 00. N.Y. S. Sue p. 66. NEW— NEW 355 n is of brick, 260 ted to associations L such as the Lit- ety, the Historical American Acade- laintings, and tlie jral History witli City is in a central stone, 200 feet m The state prison, pity, is 204 feet in fid is built of frep- 1 still further east. ig the work-houfc iiensions of the first xt 200 by 25, m^ Park Theatre and conspicuous build- Staining the monii- . Montgomery, and ious Episcopalian [uruointsonBroad- in Hudson Square, iity, has the tallest Medical College 13 difice. The estab- ed, a"d general^ dical students. Ihe ; public buildingB-. pciety'8 Deposiwry, [ty's buildings, botn We, and the Arcade tUthe Public Ma- rine Bath, the Manhattan Water Works, the Exhibition Room of the National Academy of the Arts of Design, K atgers' Medical V/olIege and Public School, Mxsonic Hall, Orphan Asy- lum, Fever Hospital, House of Refuge for ju- venile delinquents, Lunatic Asylum, the City Hotel, the Mansion House, the National Hotel, the Franklin House, Tammany Hall, and many other spacious hotels. 'J'he city has 10 market-houses, 14 or 15 bank:., between 20 and 30 insurance offices, over 100 huuses of piibhc worship, of which those of Episcopaliaila, Presbyteriiiiis, Dutcli Reformed, and Metho- dists are the most numerous. There ate 8 spacious buildings appropriated to public schools, valued with their furniture at $150,000. The High Sclwol of this city is an interesting institution, and the largest estiblishment of tl»c kind in tlio U. States. There are a num- ber of public libraries. Tlic Sunday Schools and InCmt Schools are cllicicnt and useful establishments. EXCHANGE, NP'.V YORK. TIic New York Exchange fronting upon Wall-street, is also of white marble, and adorn- ed with columns in front. It contains the Ex-' change. Post Office, Commercial Reading Rooms, insurance offices, and offices of several daily papers. The cupola commands a fine view of the city, and is surmounted with a tel- egraph, by which ship-arrivals are announced when at the distance of more tlian 30 m. from Ihe city. Columbia Colletre was founded in 1754; it has a president, five professors, aid the num- ber of students ranges from 120 to 150. The libraries contain 14,000 volumes. Commence- ment is on the first Tuesday in August ; vaca- tion from commencement to the first Monday in October. A proposal has lately been made in the city, to erect a university whicli should be suited to the demands of all classes. This has called forth from Columbia college a new nnd improved plan, intended to meet the de- mands. 1. The course of instruction now ex- isting, is to be maintained and denominated the full course. Another course is established, called the literary and scientijic course; the whole, or any part of which, matriculated stu- dents may attend. 2. Those in the scientific and literary course shall study the uiodcrn lang'.iages, mstead of the Latin and Greek. In otiier studies, the two courses are similar, ex- cept that the literary and scientific has some additional studies. 3, Persons not matricu- Inted, may attend the literary and scientific course. 4. Matriculated students, who shall pass through t'lc navr course, shall receive tes- timonials oi the same. 5. The fees in the new course shall not exceed $15 per annum for each professor. 6. Enlarged instruction "hall be given in Greek and Roman literature. /. The two courses may ' j united at the lec- tures. 8. Various public bodies in New York are entitled to Jiave two students always in the college, free of all charges of tuition ; every school from wliich, in any one year, 4 students shall be admitted into college, shall have the privilege of sending one free of expense ; every religious denomination in the city may edu- cate one who is designed for the ministry, free of ex] 'ise. The above course embraces lycc- um, higli school, and college instruction. The number of graduates, since the establishment of the college, to and including the year 1831, is about 1,100. There arc now in the college about 100. The College if Physicians and Surpfons was founded in the year 1807, by an act of the legislature of New York, at the recommenda- tion of the Regents of the University, by whose immediate govorr>ment it is controlled. Lee- tures commence on the first Monday of No- vember annually, and continue four months. Degrees conferred by the Regents of the Uni- iversity at the recommendation of the board of trustees. The college building is situated in I Barclay street. New York. The wholo ex- i jHrnsc of all the courses is $1 00. I Tiie government of the city of New York jis composed of a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 10 I assistants. This city has been constantly and ' rapidly increasing for the last 30 or 40 years. I It more than doubled its population within the ^ Inst 20 years, ^r^ckets sail fronj New York ! to Liverpool and ijondon every week ; to H'/vrc every 10 ("ays, and to Hull, Greenwich, Bel- fast, Vera Cruz, Carthagena, and all the chief ports of the United States at diflfercnt times. It is the second commercial city in the world, as the amount of shipping owned here is equal h l,i m Iff, si" I , ; mii '"Ir 356 NEW— NIC to more titan liulf tiiat of Lundoii. During the year 1830, tlicre arrived 1,48:) vessels from foreign ports; sailed for foreign ports 1,138; entered coastwise 1,332, cleared roar'.wise 3,474 ; total arrived and departed 7,433. The revenue collected at the custom-house in 1829 was 13,052,076 dollars ; being more than half the whole revenue of the United States from foreign commerce. CITY E.\PENSE8 AND REVENUE FOR 1832. Expenses, The Comptroller es'tiniates the expcnsns of the city, fur lii'JSi. (including interest on dcht 3^0,000) at $1500,475 00 Revenue. From rents, auction dutiein, licenseK, Slc $150,000 00 The amount to be raised by taxes in 18:i3 550,000 00 709,000 00 108,525 00 Leaving an amount to apply 1 to contingencies and deticieu- > cies (if former years of . . j Licenses in 1831. 45 Licensed Lottery Ofliccs which pay SS-W each one-half to the Public Schools of the city, and one-half to the New-York Doaf and Dumb Institution. 2007 Grocery and Tavern Licenses, were issued in 1831. 8350 Cartmnn's Licenses, ., , do. 130 Porters' Licenses, do. SCO Hackney Coach Licenses, do. 1)7 Stage Licenses, do. S.^ Licenses for Dealers in second-hand articles. 12 Pawnbrokers' Licenses. 40 Master Chimney Sweeps, with an average of 2 boys to each. 1 General Patentee for Patent Sweeps The number of watchmon nt present employed in the city, including their officers, is 54ti. Annual ex- pense to the city, 900,000. CENSUS OF NEW YORK FOR 1830, Taken from the Marshal's Returns. Winle. Males. Fonialos. Under 5 years 13,ti44 l.t'iiiS 10 15 .... 20 .... 30 .... 40 .... 50 ... . GO .... 70 .... 80 .... 90 .... 00 to 100 . . . . 100 and upwards 5 to 10 to 15 to 20 to 30 to 40 to 50 to 60 to 70 to ROto 10,3,')7 I0,t)(i5 8,G.5« il.PO'i 0,918 21,40!) 13,(J5!) , 6,025 3,207 . 1,4«8 479 80 14 7 11, .550 2i:,55(i J2,!lll) (i.()!t4 3,702 1,703 (Hid 178 31 ') Tot:»l 8!),.523 n3,h2ti Colored. Males. Females. Under 10 vears 1,201 1,431 10 to 20 .... 1,358 2,135 20 to .35 . . . . 30 to 55 . . . . 55 to 100 .... 100 and upwards 1,774 1,209 371 5 2.4',i5 1,5,30 449 Total 6,038 8,045 Total persons classed Persons returned not classed 197,432 Total 202,9.57 For further statistical information, see page 71. NEW YORK, t. AU)emarle co. Va. 23 m. W. from Charlotte. NEW YORK, t. Chamimijrn co. Ohio. NEXAPA, t. Mexico, 15 m. W. from Oa.x- aca. NIAGARA, r. in N. America, which car- ries the surplus waters of lakes Superior, Mich- igan, Huron, and Erie into lake Ontario. Its general course from lake. Erie to lake Ontario is N. For the first 2 miles its current is rapid — it then becomes smooth and gentle, with a width varying from half a mile to a mile and a half, and flows 7 m. to Gratul Isle, where it divides into two large branches, which unite again at the foot of this i.sland (which is 18 ni. long) three miles above the Great Falls. Its width here is upwards of a mile ; but now its breadth gradually dimini.shing as its velocity increases, it becomes reduced to ^ of a mile in width, when its waters are poured down a precipice of IGO feet peri)endieular, acconip,' nied with a tremendous roar, which is iuard at the distance of 15 miles. There is a sm;ill island in the river just above the brink of tlie falls, which divides the stream in two part-s but they unite long before they reach the kd of the river below. This river, which is the bonndiiry line between N. Y.and l'pper('an;i(la, is 35 m. in length. This stupendous catariict is justly regarded as one of the most sublime and imposing spectacles exhibited in nature. It may well be supposed that so magnificent a spectacle should attract thousands of visitors. It has become a place of great fashionables re- sort ; and during the summer months, it is thronged with visitors from every quarter ol' the civilized world. It may appear singular, ■yet it is affirmed to be true, that some per.sons have lived and grown old within hearing of the roar of these falls without ever having seen them, while many have made journeys of thousands of miles for the iiurpose, and thoufjlit themselves richly rewarded lor their curiosity. NI/UURA, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Genesee co. S. by Tonnewanta creek which separates it from Erie co. and \V. by Niagara river. Pop. 18,485. Chief town, Lock port. NIAGARA, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niaga- ra river, just atmve the tiills. NIAGARA, t. uiid fort, Niagara co. N. Y. on the Ningarii, at its entrance into Lake On- tario, 15 m. below the great falls. It was taken by tiie Hritisii in 1813, and the town was de- stroyed, but has since been rebuilt in a belter style (bar. hc.'bre. Pop. 1,401. NICHOLAS, eo. of Western Va lormeH in 1818, of a piirt of Greenbrier co. Pop. 3,.119, of whom 120 are colored. Seat of justice, Nicholas C. H. NICIIOr \S, CO. Ken. Pop. 8,832. Chief town, Carlisle. NICHOLAS ISLAND, small island on the N. coast of C:uba. Lon. 79° 40' W. ; lat. 23^ 15' N. NICHOLASVILLE, t. and cap. Jessamin- CO. Ken. 20 m. SW. from Lexington, and 54(1 from W. Pop. 409. NICOLET, r. L. C. rises in Buekinglmm CO. by two sourc(!3, which flow NW. between Recan^our and St. Francis livers, unite alwut 60 m. and fall into the lower end of Lake St. Peter, 10 miles above Three Rivers. il. > NIL— NOR 357 N. Y. on Niaga- _>s in Buckingham low NW. between livers, 'unite about 'cr end of Lake St. c Rivers. NILE, t Scioto CO. Ohio. NIMISHILLEN CREEK, considerable stream, rising in the nortliurn part of Stark CO. Ohio, and running from thence a S. dircc- tion above 40 ni. into tlic NE. quarter of Tus- carawas CO. where it unitca with Sandy creek, when the joint stream flows W. 5 m. into the E. side of Tuscarawas river. NIMISHILLEN, t. Stark co. Ohio, situated on the above described creek, north-easterly from Canton. Pop. 1,33G. NIMMONS MILLS, v. Wayne co. Ohio, 92 m. NE. from Columbus. NINE BRIDGES, v. Queen Anne's co. Md. NINE PARTNERS, N. Y. a tract of land, granted to 9 partners, or ])ropriotors, now com- prised within thfe towns of Amunia, Clinton, Stanford, and Washington. NINEVEH, V. Frederick co. Va. NIPEGON LAKE, U.C. lies to the north- ward of Lake Superior, about Jialf-way between it and Albany river, James' Bay. NIPISSING LAKE, lies NE. of Lake Hu- roil, and is connected with it by the river Francois, NITTANY, mt. Pa. which commences in Centre co. and extends between Lycoming and Northumberland cos. ahnost to the W. branch of the Susquehannah. NIXON'S, v. Maury co Ten. 50 m. SE. from Murfreesborough. NIXONTON, t Pasquotank co. N. C. on Little river, 28 m. ENE. from Edcnton. NOBLE, NE. t. of Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 859. NOBLEBOROUGH, t. Lincoln co. M;iine. Pop. 1,876. Situated on the E. side of Ken- ncbcclt rivcr« NOBLESVILLE, v. Hamilton co. In. 2.5 m. N. from Indianapolis. NODDLE'S ISLAND, isl. Mass. in Boston harbor, J of a mile from Long Whurf, Boston. A strong fortress, called Fort Strong, is built on this island. NOLACHUCKY, r. Ten. and N.C. rises in the northern part of Bimcombc co. of the latter, and flowing W. enters Carter co. in the for- mer, and crossing Carter, VVashin'rton, and Greene, joins the French Broad r. 40 m. alwvo its junction with the Holston at Knoxvillo. NOLIN'S CREEK, r. H.irdin co. Ken. which rnns WSW. into dlreen river. xVOMISNY BAY, bay in the river Potomne, on the coast of Virginia. Lon. 76'^ 50' \V. ; lataS^ll'N. NONESUCH, r. Mo. which runs through Scarborough into the sea. If received iis name .>n account of its extraordinarv freshets. NOQUETS BAY, bay in'NW. Territory, on NW. coast of Lake Michigan. It is north of Green Bay; 45 m. long, and 18 wide. Lon. 86° 20' W. ; lat. 45° S.V N. NORFOLK, CO. Mass. bounded NW. ;ind W. by Middl'jdcx co. E. by Boston harbor, S. by Plymouth and Bristol cos. and W. by Rhode Island and Worcester co. Pop. 41,993. Chief town, Dedham. NORFOLK, t Litchfield co. Ct. 18 m. N. from Litchfield, 3.5 WNW. from Hartford, 42 ESE. from Hud.m Albany, and Idy. ircester co. Mass. 994. t. Worcester co. part of Somerset Pawtuckct river, CO. Mass. 46 m. V. in the NW. 18 m. NW. from Chester co. N.Y. er, about 16 m. ).53. ss CO. N. Y. on bout 90 n. N. of , Pa. in the NE. E. from the vil- Md.46m.NE. 0. Md. flows info irlestown. injjton CO Vt. 9 >op. 1,412. Here .lin CO. Mas.i. E. E. from Green- Ion. Pop. 1,"''>'7- itiiated near the NORTHFIELD, t. Richmond co. N.Y. on tlie NW. part of Staten Island, 5 m. W. f-om Southfield. Pop. 2,171. NORTHU.'VIBERLAND, t. Coos co. N. H. on the Connecticut, 7 ni. N. from Lancaster. Pop. 342. NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 11 m. NE. from Balls- ton-Spa, 44 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,606. NORTHU.MBERLAND, co. central part of Pa. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Co- lumbia, S. by Dauphin, and W. by tlic Sus- ({uchannah r. It is watered by both branches of the Susquchannah. Pop. 18,168. Chief town, Sunbury. NORTHUMBERLAND, t. Northumber- land CO. Pa. on a point of land in the ibrks of the Susquchannah, 2 m. !Sf. from Sunbury, 124 NW. from Philadelphia. Pop. of the boroagh, 1,090. Tiic town is regularly laid out, picas- ant, and flourishing, and contains an academy. Here is a covered bridge across the N. brancli of the Susquchannah. NORTHUMBERLAND, co. Va. bounded NE. by the Potomac, E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by Lancaster and Richmond cos. and W. by Westmoreland col ; 151 :( • N. and NE. and Guatemala E. Length .'torn E. to W. 210 m, mean width 180. Be- ) >'((;n lat. 1.5' 40' and 18° N. This state is tiini of the most delightful countries on this fart of the globe. The beauty and salubrity ^'f the. climate, the fertility of t'le soil, and the rit'iness and variety of its ])roduetioiis, all eom- biiic to minister to the prosperity of its in- liabiianta; and this province has, accordingly, horn the r'unotcst ])erioas been the centre of ' ail advanced civilization. OAXACJA, city of Mexico, and capital of tlie statt! of the same name, stands on one of the confluents of the ('hieometepee river, 2 ill m. SSE. from llic city of Mexico. Lat. Ki .55' N. It enjoys an atmnsplicre of peculiar serenity, but the country is subject to carth- (luakes. Poj). 25,200. OBED'S RIVKK, r. Ten. wliicii rises in Overton co. and runs into the Cum'/crland, in Jackson eo. a few miles below the Kentucky line. OBIAN, r. TennesA-C, which runs into the Mississippi. Lat. "a" 48' N. OCATAHOOLA, r. Louisiana, which runs SSE. through 'jjC greatest part ci its course, tlien turns f" tnc E. passes through a lake of the same i' .me, and joins the Ouachitta, at tlie junction 'jC the Tensaw. OCC.iCHAPPO, r. Al. which runs N, into the Muscle Shoals. 0(JCONEACHEA ISLANDS, three small islands on the river Roanoke, bilonging to Vir- ginia. Lat. 36' 35' N.' OCCOHAPPY, or Bear Creek, r. Ten. which runs into the Tennessee river. OCCOQUAN, V. Prince WiUiam co. Va. 23 m. from W. OCCOQUAN CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac, 7 m. SW from Mount Ver- ilon. OCONEE, r. Geo. which rises in the Oconee mountains, flows by Milledgevillc, and unites with the Oakmulgee, and forms the Alatamaha. OCTARARO CREEK, r. Pa. which divides Lancaster and Chester cos. and runs into the Sutquehannoh, in Md. about 5 m. below Penn- syh'ania line. OCTARARO, t. Lancaster co. Pa. OGDENSBURG, v. St. Lawrence co. N. V. at the confluence of tlie OHwegatcliie with the St. La 'cnce, IIG m. N. from Utica, 212 NW. from Albany. Here are numerous manufac turca, and the harbor is safe and spacious, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop. of the township, 3,fl34. OGEECHEE, r. Geo. which rises near the Apalachian mountains, flows SE. nearly par- allel with the Alatamaha, into Ossabaw Sound, at Hardwick. Length 200 m. OGLE'i'HORPE, co. NW. part of Georgia. Pop. 13,558, of whom 8,004 are colored. Chief town, Lexington. OHIO, r. U. S. formed by the union of the Alleghany and Monongahela, at Pittsburg, Pa. It separates Virginia and Kentucky on the S. from the states of Ohio and Indiana, and the Illinois territory on the N. and after a WSW, course of S14i) m. joins the Mississippi, 193 ni. below the Missouri, in lon. 8«' 58' W,; lat. 37' N. Tlic Ohio, from its coinnicncemcnt, affords most deligl'.i'/iil prosiiectf*. Rivers of romantic and Ixjaiitiful character come in, al- most at equal (listanees, as la'cnil canals. Its bottoms are of extraordinary dnpiii and fer- tility; generally high and dry, and for this most part 'lealtiiy ; whiio the configuration of thf country on the barks has all that grandeur, ■oilness, or variety, still changing and recur- ring in such combinations as are requisite to destroy a moaotonous effect. For thirty niiicH bi;low Pittsburg its course is NW. It then slowly turns to the WSW. and pursues that geiif:ral direction 500 m. Thence SW. 170 in. Thence W.:;i80 miles. Thence SW.170nulcs, through that low and s\vam])y country, in which it finds the Mississippi. Between Pitts- burg and the iiiouth, it is diversified with 100 considerable islands, besides a greater number of tow-heads and sand-bars, which in low stages of the water greatly impede navigation. Some of these islands arc of exquisite beauty, and afford most lovely ;iituations fbr retired farms. The passages between them, and the sand-bard at their head, arr among the difficul- ties of the navigation of tliis river. The Ohio at Pittsburg is 600 yards wide. At Cincin- nati, wiiich may be considered its mean width, it is not much more. Below the Cumberland, its average width is 1,000 yards. Its valley is dei-p, and heavily timbered, and has nowhere the s:ii(>htest indication of prairie. It varifis from 2 to 10 in. in width. It is bounded in its whole course by bluffs, somelimcs towering sublimely from the shores of the river, and sometimes receding 2 or 3 miles. Beyond tlie immediate verge of the bottom is a singular line of hills, more or less precipitous, stretch- ing from 5 to 10 m. from the banks. They are known on the Ohio by the familiar appel- lation of the 'Ohio hills.' Difterent estimates have been made of the rapidity of its current. This rapidity being cnniinually varying, it would be difficult to assign any very exact es- timate. It is found, according to the difterent stages of the woter, to vary between 1 and 3 miles. In the lowest stages of the water in the autumn, a floating substance would proba- GUI— OHl ;nce co. N. Y. tcliii' with the Lica, 212 NW. 'OUB mnnufac- , spacious, and . Pop. of Uie rises near the IE. nearly par- Issabaw iSound, lart of (ieorgiu. colored. Chief le union of the L Pittsburg, Pa. tucky on the S. idiana, and the I after a VVSW, siKsippi, 193 ni. ti- 58' W.; lat. comnicncement, ■cu. Rivers of iter come in, al- >riil canals. Its doptli and fer- ■y, and for the configuration of ,11 that grandeur, iging and recur- are requisite to for thirty niilw i NW. It then md pursues that •ucc SW. 170 in. c SVV. 170 nnlcs. II py country, in Between Pitts- rsificd with 100 greater number , which in low ipede navigation. jYfiuisite beauty, lions tbr retired en them, and the mong the ditlicul- river. The Ohio ide. At Cincin- its mean width, the Cumberland, .-ds. Its valley is ind has nowhere ■airie. It varies is bounded in its ictinies towering the river, and les. Beyond tlie m is a singular !ci()itous, stretch- le banks. They jc familiar appel- itlercnt estimates ity of its current, lally varying, it .y very exact es- g to the dift'erent between 1 and 3 , of the water m nee, would proba. bly not advance a mile an hour. It is subjecf to extreme elevations and depressions. The average range Initwcen high ami low water, is fifty feet. Its lowest stage is in Sciiteinber ; and its highest in March. IJut it is subject to sudden and very considijrable rises tiirougli the year. It has beei< known to rise 12 leet in a night. When these sudden elevations take |)laee, at the breaking up of the ice, a scene of desolation sometimes occurs; and iwats and every thing in its course arc carried away by the accumulated i)ower of the ice and the wa- ter. Its average doscent in a mile, is not far from six inches. At Cincinnati, the surface of the river at low water, is supposed to be 130 feet below the level of Lake Erie, and 430 ab"ve that of the tide-water of the Atlantic. Be\ vveen Pittsburg and the mouth, it makes threi and a half degrees of southing in lati- tude;. The average time of the suspension of its navigation by ice, is five weeks. One-half of the remainder of the year, on an average, it is navigable by large steam-boats in its wliole course. The other half, it can be navigated easily only by steam-boats of a small draft of water. Since the Louisville and Portland canal lias been completed, steam-boats oi' small draft can descend at all times from Pittsburg to the Mississip))!. Flat and kccl-lwats descend the river at all seasons ; but in periods of low water, with frequent gioundings on the sand- bars, and the necessity of often imloading to . 3,H7') ; in 1KJ0,4,!I1.1. OHIOPYLK FALLS, eatarnct in tlie river Youghiogeny, 20 feet perpendicular, nl)out 30 ni. from its union with the Monongahcla. OIIOOPEE, r. of (Jeo. whicii runs into the AlatuwHiha, Ion. 82^ 10' W.; lat. 3P 31' N. OIL CREEK, t. Crawford co. Pa. OIL CREEK, r. Pa. whicii runs into the Alleghany, 6 m. E. from Franiilin. Sec Franklin, OIL SPRING, V. Cataraugus co. N. Y. OKEFONOC^O. See Ouai/iinphenofraw. OKETIBBEHA, r. Al, wliich joins the Tombigbee, at the dividing line of tlie Cliieka- Haws and Choctaws. OK-LOCK-ONE, r. U. S. rises in Geo. and flowing SSVV. falls into Ok-Iock-onc Hay, 40 m. E. from the nioutli of the Apalachicola river. OK-LOCK-ONE BAY, is the extreme in- land extension of the Apalache Bay, and re- ceives the Ok-lock-one and St. Mark's rivers. Lat. 30° 8' N. OLD BRIDGE, v. Middlesex co. N. J. OliDTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Geo. on the Ogceehee, 12 m. SE. from Louisville. OLDTOWN, or Skipton, t. Alleghany co. Md. on N. branch of the Potomac, 142 m. W. from Baltimore. OLDTOWN, t. Alleghany co. Md. on the N. side of Potomac river, near the mouth of the SW. branch, 14 m. SE. of Cumberland, and 134 NW. of W. OLDTOWN, v. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. NW. from Chillicothe, and 54 a little S. of E. from Columbus. Pop. 248. OLDTOWN CREEK, r. N. C. which runs into Cape Fear river. Ion. 78^ 9' W. ; lat. 34-= 8'N. OLEAN, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on the Alleghany, 173 m. NNE. from Pittsburg. Pop. 561. OLEAN, or Qil Creek, r. Cataraugus co. N. Y. which runs into tlie Alleghany, 25 m. long. OLIVERIAN, r. N. IJ. which runs into the Connecticut, in Haverhill. OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, v. Bath co. Ken OMPOMPONOOSUC, .•. \t which runs into the Connecticut, 3 m. N. from Dartmouth (College, ONEIDA, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Lewis CO. E. by Herkimer i.o. SW. by Madison eo. and W. by Oswego co. Pop. 71,326. Chief towns, Whitesltoroiigh, Ulica, and Rome. ONEIDA, lake, chiefly in Oneida eo. N. Y. 20 m. long, and 4 broad. It receives Wood creek on the E. end, and communioates with Lake Otitario by the Oswego. It is a beauti- ful lake, abounding in fish. ONEIDA CASTLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y. ONEIDA CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs N. into E. end of Oneida Lake. I.rf;ngtli 25 m. ONE LEG, an eastern t. of Tuscarawas co. Ohio. ONION RIVER, r. Vt. which runs W. into Lake (Inimplain, 4 m. NW. from Burlington village. It is one of the principal rivers of Vr is 2 ni. W. of the former, and contains several churches and a printing-office. 0N0NDA(;A, or Salt Lake, lake in Onon- daga CO. N. Y. 7 iji. N. from Onondaga. It is 7 111. long, and 2 broad. It discharges its wat<>rs from N. end into Seneca river. On its borders arc celebrated salt-springs. ONONDAdJA-HOLLOW, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 6 m. S. from Sahna. It contains a state-arsenal, an academy, a meeting-house, u printing-office, and considerable manufactures. ONSLOW, CO. SE. part of N. C. on the coast. Pop. 7,814. ONTARIO, lake, N. A. between New York and Upper Canada. Lat. 43° 15' to 44° N. It is 190 m. long, and 55, where widest, broad; about 600 m. in circumference. It discharges its waters through the St. Lawrence into the Atlantic, from NE. end, and communicates with Lake Erie at SW. part, by the river Ni- agara. It is a very deep lake, with sufficient water in every part, but has few good harbors. It furnishes a variety of excellent fish. ONTARIO, CO. iii U.C. consists of the fol- lowing islands ; Amherst Island, Wolfe Island, (Jage Island, and all the islands between the inoutJi of the Gananoqui, to the easternmost extremity of Point Pleasant. ONTARIO, CO. N.Y. bounded N. by Mon. roe and Wayne cos. E. by Seneca, S. by Steu- ben and Yates, and W. by Livingston. Pop. 40,167. Chief towns, Canandaigua andGenevn. ONTARIO, t. Wayne co. N.Y. on S. side of Lake Ontario, 20 m. W. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,.587. OOI.FNOY MOUNTAIN, S.C. in the vi- cinity of Table Mountain. It is remarkable for a cataract, the descent of which is from 600 to 700 feet. OOSTAXAULEE, r. Geo. in the country of the Chtrokees. It flows SW. and unites with the Etowec to form the Coosa. OOTAGAMIS, U]ip€r, t. NW. Territory, on the river Ouisconsin, about 40 m. from the Mis- sis.sippi. Lut. 42° 42' N. (Mrr AG AMIS, Lower, t. NW. Territory, at the conflux of the Oiiiseon,sin and Mississippi. OPELOUSAS, U and cap. of St. Landry dis- trict. La, about 60 m. W. from Baton Rouge II OPI— osvv 363 F,at. 30 * .'W N. It (.•(ititiiins ii cotirt-lioiisc, n jail, nil nc'ii(lcmy,;iiul ii Uomaiit'atliolifcliiircli. OriCKON, r. HcrU.liy co. Vii. wliicli runs into tlir IVtlonnc, I'l. of iialli, OI'PHN 1 1 Kl M, t. .M.)nt!,r..rn.Ty (•(.. N. V. on N. sific nfflii' IVFoliawk, I.") m. \V. fniin .lolniH- town, .")!) WNW. Ironi All.nny. F«ii. ."J.li.JO. (J(i[J \t;o, V. Mrnoinc co N. Y. on tlic Sus- quelunnm, 16 m. K. from ('lifii.'injro.l'oint. ()|{AN, v. < hiondatjii no. N. Y. ()R.\N(;K, CO. K. side ofVt. l)oinidi(l N.by (^ilcdoniii and VVasliiiirrton cos. 10. hy Conncc- fiout river, S. by Win(lsor co. VV. l)y .■\h. Of{AN(;L:, t. Oranjre co. Vt. 13 ni. SH. from Montpelier. I'op. 1,01 G. OliANGE, t. Urafton ro. N.H. 14 m. SW. from IMyniouth, and 40 NNVV. from Concord. Pop. 40.'). ORANGE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 in. E. from (Jreenticld, and TS WNW. from lioston. Poi». H81). ORANGE, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Sulli- van and Ulster cos 10. by the Hudson, SE. by Rockland co. SW. by New .Icrsey and Penn- .'jylvania. Pop. in 1820, 41,213 ; in 1830, 45,372. ('hief towns, Ncwburjrh and Goshen. ORANGE, t. Essex co. N.J. 4 m. W.from Newark. Pop. 3,887. It adjoins to Newark, on the W. Ilere is an academy. The excel- lent cider, known by the name of Newark ci- der, is chiefly made in this township. ORANGE, CO. In. bounded by Crawford S. Dubois SW. Owen W. Lawrence N. and Wash- ingrton E. Length 22 m. mean width 18. Pop, in 1820, 5,308 ; in 1830, 7,909. Chief town, Paoli. ORANGE, CO. central part of Va. bounded N. by Madison and Culpcper cos. SE. by Sjwtt- sylvania co. S. by Louisa and Albemarle cos. and WN^V. by Rockingham. Pop. 14,037, of whom 7,983 are slaves. Chief town, Orange. ORANGE, CO. N. part of N.C. Pop. 23,875. Cliief town, Hillsborough. ORANGE, t. Delaware co. Ohio, watered by Alum Creek. Pop. 369. ORANGE, t. Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 405. ORANGHBUR(J, district, central part of S.C. Pop. 18,4.55. ORANGEBURG, t. and cap. Orangeburg district, S. C. on N. branch of the Edisto, 40 m. SSW. from Columbia, and 77 NNW. from Charleston. It' contains a court-house, a jail, about 20 houses, and an academy. ORANGE SPRINGS, or Gum Springs, v. Orange co. Va. ORANGETOWN, t. Rockland co, N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 28 m. N. from New York. Pop. 1,947. This town lies on the S. part of Tuppan Bay, an eximnsion of the Hud- Koji. Major Andre was ha;igcd here as a spy. ORANGEVILLE, t, between Shcldtm and Warsaw, (ienesce co. N. Y, on the head of Tonnewanto creek, 20 m. S, from Batavia. Pop. \,r>'25. ORANGEVILLE, v. Columbia co. Pa. ORFORD, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Con- necticut, opposite Fairlee, with wiiich it is con- nt'cfrd by a bridge, 10 m. !^. from Haverhill, fit NNW. from Coneord. Pop. I,H2!», Here in a pii'Msant villagr, and tlic town contains a valuable (piarry ol' Hoapntonc. OIM'ORI), v. Hartford en. Cl. OR LAND, t. Hancock co. Me. on E. side of lli(.' I'enohscof, n|)|iosite ProH|K'jtt, 14 m. N. from ( ;astine, 23H N 10. from Boston. Pop. 975. OR LEAN, V. Fau.piier CO. Va. OIHJOANS, ro. N. part of Vt. Ixmnded N. by Canada, 10. i)y Essex eo, SE. by Caledonia CO. S. by Washington ci) and W. by Franklin CO. Pop. in 1820, (i,!l7i;; in I8:U), i;i,980. Chief towns, Irasburg,CraftHbury, and Brown- ing! on. ORLEANS, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 20 m. E. from Barnstable, atid 85 SE. from lioston. Poj). 1,7;J!). ORONO, t. Penobscot co. Me. on W. side of the Penobscot alwve Bangor, 43 m. N. from C;astine, 216 NE. from Boston. Poj). 1,473. ORPHAN ISLAND.isl.Me.near the nioulh of the Penobscot, lietween Prospect and Or- land, containing about 10,000 acres. ORRESKANNY, v. Om ida eo. N. Y. ORRINCn'ON, t. Penobscot eo. Me. on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite; Hampden, 33 m. N. from ('astine. Poj). 1,234, ORRSVILLE, V. Pendleton district, S.C, ORVILLE, V. Onondaga co, N, Y, ORWELL, t. Arhtabulu CO. Ohio. Pop. 106. ORW ELL, t. Rutland co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, 58 n). SW. from Montpclier. Pop. 1,598. ORWELL, t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop, 501. OliWELL, V. Bradford co. Pa. ORWICKSBURC;, t, bor. and seat of justice, Schuylkill co. Pa. It stands on a rising ground, 7 m. above the Schuylkill Water-gap, am! 10 E. from the coal-mines near Mount Carbon, 26 m. NW. from Reading. It contains a court-house and jail, a number of stores, and an academy. OSAGE, r. La. which joins the Missouri, 133 m. from the Mississippi. It is a very crooked river, and is navigable for boats about 600 miles, OSNABURG, v, and t. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m. E. from C'anton, on the road leading to New Lisbon. Pop. 1,620. OSSIAN, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 812, OSSIPEE, t. Straftbrd co, N. H. 55 m, NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,935, OSSIPEE, lake, N. H. chiefly in NE. par/ of the townsliip of Ossifjce, about 1,000 rodt long from N, to S. and 600 broad. OSSIPEE, r. which flows from Ossipec Lake into the Saco, N. of Cornish, in Maine, 15 m. 10. from Lake Os.sipcc. OSSIPEE, Little, r. Me. which runs into •the Saco, 12 m. below Great Os.sipec. OSWEGATflHIE, t. St Lawrence co. on the St. Lawrence, at N. end of Black Lak.^; 1 16 m. N. from Utica, 212 NW. fi-om Albany. Pop. 3,934. It contains the village of Ogdens- burg, OSWEGATCHIE, r. St, Lawrence co. N. Y. which runs into the St, Lawrence at Ogdensburg, Length 120 miles. OSWEGO, r. N, Y. which runs from Onei- da Lake into Lake Ontario. After a very 364 OSW— OWL :| i 4' '-^ 1 , I';. K#K'' fi '^" orookcd course of IS in. it mcrtH Stnecn river at Three Rivtr Point, wiiiiinc to ilH inoiifli it iH 24 miles, 'riio prinripiil (ixll in in Volncy, 12 m. from Ohwcjjo. Its nuviffiition is im- proved by Io<;ks und ciiniil!*. OSWEGO, CO. N.Y. bounded N\V. by Lulu; Ontario, N. by .lef^jruon co, K. by \,vv,'in und Oneida cos. S. by < bieida Laite, Onondiiifii n»Salina, and ex- ported. It is well situated for manufacturing, the Oswego river forming convenient water- power, conducted to tliis |)lacc from tho fallH in a canal. It has some sJiipping. OSWEGO FALLS, v. Oneida co. N. Y. OTEGO, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 20 m. SW. of CooiM-rstown. Pop, 1,14H. OTEGO CREEK, r, Otsego co. N.Y. whicli runs into the Susquehannah, in the township of Otcgo. Length 28 miles. OTIS, t Berkshire co. Mass. 28 m, SE. of Lenox, 34 W. of Springfield, 116 W. of Boston. Pop. 1,014. OTISCO, t Onondaga co. N. Y. 7 m. S. of Onondaga, 50 W. of Utica. Po;-. 1,938. OTISCO CREEK, r. in Onondaga co. N.Y. which runs into Onondaga liake. OTSEGO, CO. central part of N. Y. hounded N. by Herkimer and Mont^'oiuery cos, E. by Schoharie co, S, by D( law arc co. and W, by Chenango and Madison cos. Pop, in 1820, 41,856 ; in lb3C, 51,37:^, Chie 'town. Coopers- town, OTSEGO, t, and cai>. Oi«:go eo, N.Y. Gfi m. W. of Albany. Pop. 4,3o3, including C'oop- erstown. Sec Coopeintown. OTSEGO, lake, in Ofsego co. N. Y. 66 ni. W. from Albany ; 9 m. long, and 3 broad. OTSELIC, t. Chenango co. N. Y, Pop, 1,2.38. OTSQUAGA CREEK, r. N.Y. which runs into the Mohawk, E. of Minden. Length 25 ni. OTTAWA, h\g<- river of British Amerini, rises N, from Lake Huron, and tlowing SE. falls into the St. Lawrence, 25 m. NW, from Territory, rises at lat, 40^ N, and between Ion, 12 and !!< V . from W. interlocking with the .\Ienom()ni(M)f (ireen Hay, and wilii the Montli- ern riv(TH of Lake SuiHirinr. It thenee lloww S. to alxiut lat. 43 ' 45', wlirrc it approaches so very near Fox river of (ircen Hay, as to lea\c only a [tortage of one niile and a hall'. Itelow (lie i»ortag(! the OuiseonKin tnrnK to SW. bv W. and falls inti) .Mis,- 'i.Mi .'> in. below Prairie du Cliieii, at lat. 43' N. 'I his stnuin Ibrms one of the great tialiir i clumnels of coMunimication between the St. Lawrence and Mississippi basins. Though generally rapid in its current, it is unimpeded by cataracts, or even dangerous shoals. 'I'lie entire length by comparative courses is 350 miles, nearly one half of which distance, is below the portage. OUIATAN, or Oiiatinon, v. and fort. In, on the Wabash, nlxiut 400 m, alxjvc its mouth ; 1 30 m, S. from Fort St. .Joseph. I^at. 40'= 30' N. The Wabash is navigable to this place with kecl-lwats. OVERTON, CO. Ten, l)ounded by CumlH^r- land CO, in Ken, N. Morgan co. Ten. E. Bled- soe S, White SW, and Jackson W, Leiiglli 40 m, mean width 15, C^hief town, Monroe, Pop, in 1820, 7,128; in 1830, 7,188. OVERTON, t. Perry co. Ten. 153 m. W. from Murfreesborough. OVID, t. and cap. Seneca co. N, Y. 20 m. S. by E, from Geneva, 41 N. ''rom Elvira, 205 W. from Albany, 317 from VV. Pop. 2,756. It is situated between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, and is a large and excellent agriodtural town. It contains the county buildings, a printiug- otlice, and 4 houses of public worship. OWASC:0, t. Cayuga co, N, Y, 3 ni. SE. of Auburn, 1 (iO W. of Albany. Pop. 1,350, OVVASCO, lake, in Cayuga eo, N Y, 11 ni. long, and l.i broad, Owasco creek runs Irom this lake and joins the Seneca. Length 15 ni. OWECjIO, v, in Tioga, Broome co. N.Y. on the Susquehannah, near the n)outh of Owego creek, 10 m. S. from Spencer, 170 SW. from Albany. It is a considerable and flourishing village, and has a printing-office. OWEGO CREEK, r. N. Y. which runs into the Susqucliannah, near the village of Owcgb ; 25 miles long. OWEN, CO. Ken. bounded by Kentucky r. W, Gallatin NW, Garrat N. Harrison E, and Montreal, It forms part of the boundary be- , Scott and PVanklin S, Length 20 ni, mean tween Upper and Lower Canada, Its volume | width 12, Chief town, Owentown, Pop, m of water is very great, for its length of course Though much obstructed by ra|)ids, it is one of the channels of inland trade from Montreal to the NW, OTTER BRIDGE, v, Bedford co. Pa, OTTER CREEK, r. Vt, which ri^es near Dorset, and running W, of N. flows into Lake Champlain, at Basin Harbor, in Ferrisburg, It is navigable for sloops to Vcrgenncs, 6 m. Length 85 miles. OTTER CREEK, r. Ken, which runs into the Ohio, OTTER CREEK, r, V.., vhich runs into the Staunton, OTTSVILLE, V. Buck. Pa. OUISCONSIN, r, of the U. S. in the NW. 1820, 2,031 ; in 1830, 5,793. OWEN, CO. In. bounded by Dubois S. Da- vies W. Martin N. and Lawrence and Orange E. Length 24 m. width 18. Chief town, Green- wich. Pop. in 1820, 838; in 1830, 4,060, OWENTON, t, and seat of justice, Owen CO, Ken, on a branch of Eagle creek, 20 m, NNE. of Frankfort. Lat. 38= 31' N. Pop. 143. OWENV^ LE, V. Gibson co. In. 190 m. SW. from Indianapolis. OWINGSVILLE, v, Bath co. Ken. 70 m. E. from Frankfort. Pop. 241. OWENBOROUGH, v, Davies co. Ken, Pop, 229, OWL CREEK, r, Ohio, which joins the Mohiccon, on the borders of Coshocton ca OVVI^PAL 305 worn Irtfi. r witll tin: llic HOIllll- ■nci: tloWM roarliPH w» IIH to ll'llVf It". He low to SVV. liy ft III. IhIow iiJH Htri'am liiinnt'lH ol' wrcincc and •rally rapid •ataraclH, or •I' leiijftli l>y , nearly one u portiiffc. i fort, In. on its mouth ; it. 40'^ SO' N. B place witli by Cnmlirr. IVn. K. ni.H. \V. T,cii{;lii [wn, Monroe. 8H. n. 153 m. W. ^.Y. 20m.S. l'^.lvira,'J05W. ). aj.w. It is .;ayii}Ji lakes, ioiltnrul town. ;s, a printing, irsliip. am. SE.of . 1,350. ; N Y. 11 1". cck vunH from Length 15 m. CO. N.Y.on Hith of (Dwi{r« 170 SW. from nd flourishing ,'hich runs into age ofOwcgo; )y Kentucky r. arrison K. and 1 20 ni. mean town. Pop. m Dubois S. Da- ico and Orange of town, Green - L830, 4,060. ' justice, Owen e creek, 20 in. I'N. Pop. 143. CO. In. 190 m. CO. Ken. 70 m. Ivies CO. Ken. vhich .joins tlie bshocton ca OWI/S IIKA I), ra|M' of Me. on W. nide of tiie eiitranee of i'l iiobscot Hay, on I'l. sid(; of Tlioiiiastown. OX HOW, Crnit, ninarkablo In-nd of the river ("onnectieiit, in llie township of Newbury, Vt. eontaiiiiiig 150 acn s of tlif ilnest iiuudow liiiid. OXFORD, CO. VV. part of Me. Umnded K. by Somerset and Keimeheek (uw. S. by Cuiii- iM'rliuiil and Oxford cos. mid \V. iind N\V. by N. II. Pop. in 1m:>(), 'JT.iOl; in IKJII, .r),t>17. Cliiet town, I'nr's. OXKOIll), t. Woreester co. Mass. 11 m. S. from Worcester, 50 SW. from IJoston, Pop. 2,034. OXFORD, t. NewIIiiven co. Vt. DJm.NW. from New Haven. Pop. l,7f)'2. OXFOIM), t. Chrniingo co. N.Y, 8 m. S. from Norwich, 110 \V. from yMlinny. Poji. 2,!)47. It has an academy, and a eonsiderable village. A weekly newH|)a|K'r is jiublished liere. OXFORD, t. Wiirren co. N.J. on K. side of the Delaware, 17 in. NNE. from Easton. Pop. 3,f)G5. OXFORD FURNACE, v. Sussex co. N. J. OXFORD, t.Cliester CO. Pa. OXFORD, t. Philiidelpliia co. Pa. on the Delaware, 8 ni. NE. from Philadelpliia. OXFORD, t. Adams CO. Pa. OXFORD, t. and port of entry, Talbot co. Md. on the Trcadliaven, 8 in. above its mouth, 13 SSW, from Easton, 48 SE. from Baltimore It is a place of considerable trade. OXFORD, t. Caroline CO. Va. OXFORD, t. Granville co. N. C. 30 m. N. by W. from Raleigh. Here arc a church and 2 academies. OXFORD, t Butler co. Ohio, 35 m. NW. trom Cincinnati, 110 SW. from Oihimbus. The land of this township l)clongs to the Miami University. Pop. 2,!)28. OXFORD, t. 'I'uscarawaa co. Ohio. Pop. 218 OXFORD, t Guernsey co. Ohio, 4 m. E. of Cambridge. Pop. 1,798 iiH you a«lvanre lo (he SVV. It is traversed by the Arkniisas mid Red rivers; its western base is wiinbed I'v the Illinois and the Osage, and on the E. : gives rise lo the St. I'Vancis, VVhite river, and tlie Waehitta. ■ , P. PAt'IIIJC'A, t. Mexico, flinioiiH tor its silver mines. >S)me authors say, that in the spaen ol' six lejigucH, ti.'re are not less than a thoii- sand. One of wliieli, cialled Trinity, is hii|)- |K)scd to be as rieli as any in the Spanish do- minions, fiirty millions of silver having Ix-en taken Iroin it in 10 years. It in 45 ni. NNE. from Mexico. PACOIiET, r. whieli rises in N. C. and unites with Rrond river, at Pinckm.yville, in S. ('. Paeolet S|trings are uixin it, 17 ni. above I'inekneyviile. rA(JAN CltEEK, r. Va. which runs into .lames river PA(rE, ,'. America, which runs NW. into the ("oh. ma, aliove the Falls. PA(;i]SVllJ,E, v. Newberry district, S. C. 58 III. NW. from (lolmnbia. PAINESVILLE, t. (Jeauga co. Ohio, on Grand river, near its mouth, alwnt .30 m. E. from (/'levcland. It is a very nourishing town, the largest in the county, and has considera- bio trade. Pop. 1,4!»!). PAlNESVll.LE, t. Amelia co. Va. PAINT, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 2,IG2. PAINT, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 9G3. PAINT CREEK, r. Ohio. It is a western branch of the Scioto, which it joins 5 m. below Chillicothc. PAINT CREEK, v. Floyd co. Ken. 221 m. SSE. from Frankfort. PAINTED-POST, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the Tioga, 20 m. SE. from Bath, 234 WSW. from Albany. Pop. 974. It takes its name from a jiainted [lost near the Coshocton, 8U[i- jiosed to be an Indian monument of great antiiiuily. PAINTER CREEK, western brook of Still- OXFORD, t. Coshocton CO. Ohio. Pop. 741. 1 water rivulet, emptying into said rivulet in OXFORD, t. Delaware co. Ohio, OXFORD, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 4G8. OXFORD, Upper, t Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,433. OYSTER BAY, t. Queen's co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 25 m. E. from New York. Poj). 5,193. Here is an academy, and several houses of public worship. OYSTER BAY, South, v. Queen's co. N.Y. OYSTER RIVER^ r. N. H. which rises in Lee, and flows through Durham into (ireat Bay. OZ AMA, r. Ilispaniola, which runs into the sea below the town of St. Domingo. OZAN, L Hempstead co. Arkansas. OZARK MOTJNTAINS, U. S. an elevated and mountainous 'ract, commencing near the ex)nfluence of the rivers Missouri and Missis- sippi, and extending in a SW. direction across Arkansas territory into the province of Texas. It attains its greatest elevation in the NE. diminishing in height and increasing in breadth Miami co. Ohio. It rises in Darke co. PAINTMC;K creek, r. Ken. which rumt into the river Kejitiicky. PAINTVILLE, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 15 m. SE. from Wooster. PALATINE, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on N. side of the Mohawk, 10 m. W. from Johnstown, 51 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 2,745. PALATINE BRIDGE, v. Montgomery co. N.Y. PALESTINE, t. Lawrence co. In. PALESTINE, V. Crawford co. II. 80 m. eastward from Vandalia. PALMER, t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 m. E. Springfield, 71 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,2.37. PALMERSTOWN, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. 4G m. from Albany. PALMYRA, t. Somerset co. Me. 28 m. E, from Norridgewock, 215 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 912. 4 J\ h ^.v,;;: ■•-^wf'- 111 ..^.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) < ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 I^IM |2.5 |5o ■^" HIH *- u 1.6 1.4 III p% ■y / > '> '> o / >(^ Hiotographic Sdences Corporation ^ ^ ^ \ :\ V \ a Iv o"^ 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 •^' -^ ^ .V Z/. ^ 366 PAI.— PAR PALMYRA, t. Danpl.in n.». Pa. 138 m. VV. fromW, PALMYRA, t. Waynr co. Pa. PALMYRA, t. Portajr,. co. Ohio, rt m. VSK. from Ravenna. Pop. Kll). PALMYRA, t. .Martin co. N.C. PALMYRA, t. MoMtponicry co. Tennessee, on the CunilH-rlnnd, l."* ni. below ClariieHville, 65 N^V. from Nashville. PALMYRA, V. Wayne co. N. Y. near Mud creek, and on the Erie canal, 12 ni. nearly N from Canandaigiia. Pop. .% 127. PALMYRA, t Pike co. Pa. G m. SE. from Betliany. PALMYRA, V. Lebanon eo. Pa. 15 m. E. from Ilarrisburg. PAIiMYRA, t. Halifax co. N. C. PALMYRA, V. at Palmyra Bend, Warren CO. Mis. S.! m. below Walnut Hill. PALMYRA, t. and cap. Edward^ co. 11. on tlie Great Wabash, 20 m. below Vinccnnes, 40 NE. from Carmi. It is situated in a fine country. PALMYRA, L Misaissipin, at Palmyra- Bi!nd, about 25 m. below Walnut Hills. PALMYRA, t Edwards eo. 11. on the Wa- bash, 40 m. by water below Vinccnnes. PALMYRA, V. Pike co. Missouri, 19? m. NW. from St. Louis. PALOURDE, (Jrassy, Jean, and Vcrret form a chain of small lakes between Teciie and the Fourcho river, La. It is through this chain of lakes that a ferry has been established from the mouth of Tcche to the Fourche and Mississippi rivers. The intermediate ground is so low and marshy, as to rcn'er the forma- tion of a road at any season impracticable. A small canal and creek unite the Fourche, 16 m. from its elHux from the Mississippi, with Lake Verret, from which the lakes mentioned in tills article, and their connecting cliannels, complete the communication between the east- ern and western part of the state. PAMELIA, t Jefferson co. N.Y. Pop. 2,20.1. PAMLICO «50UND, a large bay on tlie coast of N. Carolina, 86 m. long, and from 10 to 20 broad. It is separated from the sea by a sandy beach hardly a mile wide, which is covered with busiies- It communicates with Albemarle Sound. Ocrccock is its principal outlet PAMUNKY, r. Va. formed hy the N. and 8. Anna. It runs SE. and unites with the Matlapony to form York river. PANAMA, V. Chatauquc co. N. Y. PANSE, r. In. which Hows NW. into the Wabash, a little above the junction of the Tip- pecanoe. PANUCO, river of Mexico, rises near San Luis Potosi, and .flowing E. over the Bt.ato of San liuis Potosi, falls into the Moctezuema. PANUCO, city of Mexico, in the state of Vera Cruz, on the river Ponuco, near the Gulf of Mexico, and 170 m. N. by E. of the eity of Mexica Lon. 21° 30' W.j lat. 23° 13' N. from W. PANTHER CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into the Green river. PANTON, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lnk. Champlain, .33 m. S. from Ourlington. Pop. (;i).5 P.VOLI, *. and cap. Orange eo. In. 27 N. from fart of the state of Durango. Lat. 24° 58* N. It is alwiit 70 m. NW. by W. from Durango, PAPERVILLE, v. Sullivan co. Ten. 278 m. NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. PARADISE, V. Lancaster eo. Pa. PARADISE, t. York co. Pa. PARIS, t. and cap. Oxford co. Me. 48 m. NNW. from Portland, 160 NNE.from Boston. Pop. 2,307. It contains a court-house, a jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregation- alists, and 1 for Baptists. PARIS, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 8 m. SW. from Utica, 101 N. of W. from Albany. Pop. 2,763. This is a large and valuable township, and is the most populous in the county, and, next to Whitcstown, the most wealthy. It contains 7 houses of public worship, 3 for C-ongrega- tionalists, 2 for Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists ; several flourishing villages, and considerable manufactures. PARIS, t. Faurinicr co. Va. PARIS, central t of Union co. Ohio. Pop. 436. Paris, small village, Preble co. Ohio. PARIS, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 250. PARIS, eastern t of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,513. PARIS, v. Jefferson co. In. about 60 m. W. from Cincinnati. PARIS, or Bourbonton, t. and cap. Bourbon CO. Ken. near the junction of the Houston and Stoner creeks, 13 m. ENE. from Lexington, 80 S. from Cincinnati. It is a pleasant town, situated in a fertile country, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a Pres- byterian and a Methodist meeting-house, and several cotton and woollen manufactories. A great part of the buildings are of brick. The surrounding country is pleasant and fertile. Pop. 1.21!). PARIS, v. nnd seat of justice, Henry co. Ten. on the dividing ground between the sources of Obiou ond Sandy rivers, about 100 m. a little N. of W. from Nashville. PARIS FURNACE, v. Oneida co. N.Y. PARISHVILLE, v. of St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 35 m. SE. by E. from Ogdensburg. PARKE, CO. In. on both sides of Wabash river, liounded E. by Putnam, and S. by Vigo. Length and breadth 21 in. each. This co. lies about 60 m. W. from Indianapolis. PARKER, r. Mass. which falls into the sound opposite Plum Island, NE. of Rowley. PARKER'S CREEK, r. Md. which runs into tlie Che.saiK'!ike. PAR-PAT 307 PARKER'S ISLAND, IhI. at the month nP! rAS("Ar;()l'I,A,r. Miss., which nin» S. into the Kenncbcck, forming a jwrt of tlie town-lthe jfiilf of Mexico, 38 ni. W. from Mobile ship of Georgetown. * !I!ny. It is imvifriihlc for vessplg drawing 6 feet PARKER'S ISI,AND, isl, in the Chcsa-lof wntcr hIkjuI ;">() m. LenifUi about 300 m. pcakc, near the coiwt of Maryland, lH m. S.I PASC'A'I'Atil'AS, r. Mr. runii E. into tlie from Annapolis. Lon. 70° 41' W. ; iat. .HH" Pcnohscof, !) in. almvc the PonHadnnky. 53' N. j PAStT'ARO, city of Mexico, in tlie Btnfo PARKERSBlIRrj, f. and cap. Wood ro. Va. of Michoacan, on Lake PuHCUaro. It is elc- PARKERSTtJWN, t. Rutland co. Vt. .3l> vat!'»• <'li'Pt" town, Elizabetli city coast of Maine. Lon. 67° 25' W.; lut 44= PASSADUNKY, or Pssadumkeag, r. Me. which runs SE. and joinB the Penobscot, 19 .16' N. PASCAGOULA, t. Miss m. above Bangor. PASSAIC FALLS. PASSAIC, r. N. J. which flows S. into Now- ark Bay. It is navigable 10 in. for small ves- sels. At Patterson, wiiich is situated on tliis Rtreani, are the Passaic Falls : here the river has a fall of 72 feet iwnxjndicnlar, presenting a scene of singular beauty and grandeur. It is much visited as an interesting natural curiosity. PASSAMAQUODDY, bay, which forms a part of the boundary between Mainn and Now Hrnnswick. It is about fi m. in extent (iwm N. to S. and 12 from E. to W. PATAPSCO, r. Md. rises in the NW. cor- nor of Baltimore co. runs SE. and empties into the ('hesapcake Bay, between Nortli Point ujid Bodkin Point. It is navigable to Baltimore city, whicli is situated on it, 14 m. from its mouth, for vessels of tiie largest diss. PA'rcilOGNE, t. on the S. side of Long Island, Suffolk co. N. Y. 50 m. E. from tlie citv.of N. Y. tATCnOCaiE, V. ill Brookhnvon, N. Y. PATESVILLE, v. Breckenridge co. Ken. PATIENt'E, isl. in Narraganset Bay, R. F. NW. of Prudence Island, 2 miles long and I broad. PATOKA, r. U. S. in In. rising in Orang« and Crawford cos. and flowing thence in a western direction, about 80 m. over Dubois, Pike, and Gibson cos. empties into the Wabash, 3 m. below the mouth of White river. PATRK;K, CO. S. side of Va. bounded N. by Franklin co. E. by Henry co. S. by N. C. and NW. by Grayson and Montgomery coe. Pop.7,:W3. ' ' PATRICKSVILI^, V. Guilford co. N.C. PATRKIKSVILLE, v. Craven co. N. C. near Newb<'rn. PATRICKTOWN, t. Lincoln co. Me. Po|). 382. PATRICK, C. H. Patrick co. Va. 45 in. SE. by E. from Evansville, and 270 SW. by W. from Richmond. PATRICK'S SALT WORKS, Perry co. Ken. H7 m. SE. from Frankfort. PAITEN'S CREEK, r. Ken. which runs into tlie Ohio. Lon. 85* 50' W.; Iat. 38° 22' N. PATTERSON, t. F^ssex co. N. J. on the Passaic, 15 m. N. from Newarit, 97 m. NNE. from Philadelphia. Patterson is (HUr of the ,1 368 PAT-PEE larfifest and most flourixhinfr mnnufactiirine villages W. of MaxsucliusetLs. It is Hituuted jiut bvlotv tiic romantic TuIIh of Uiu 1'a.ssaic, which Biippliea wateN|)ower to any extent. The numerous cstabliMhinents have recently created a very considerable town. It contains 17 cotton factories, a clock factory, an iron fac- tory, manufacturing 900,000 lbs. iron, and 8.'jO,000 lbs. noils. The cotton factories annu- ally manufacture 2,000,000 lbs. The flax fac- tory 600,000 lbs. of dax. There is one machine shop employing 150 hands. Oinnectcd with it is an iron and brass foundery, working an- nually 600,000 lbs. of iron, and 16^00 of brass. It contains .1 or G houses of public worship. PATrEItSON, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 23 m. SE. from Poughkccpsie, 107 SSE. from Al- bany. Pop. 1,536. PATflSON'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Potomac. Lon. 78= 46' \V. ; lat 3'J° 32' N PAITONSBUIIG, V. Hotetourt co. Va. PATUCKET FALI^S, on the Merrimack, between Chclnisibrd and Dracut, a httle above the mouth of Concord river, 1 ^ m. bekiw Uie head of Middlesex canal, 10 m. W. from An- dover. The per|>endicular descent is 28 fctf. A canal 1 i in. long is eonstrucled around the falls, and a bridge is built across tlie river at the principal descent Here is a small village in the townsliip of Chelmsford, with a post- ufficc and several cottoo manufactories. PATUXENT, r. Md. which runs SE. into Chesapeake Bay, 18 m. N. of the Potomac. It is navigable for vessels of 250 tons to Notting- ham, 50 m. PAUI.DTNG, CO. Ohio, bounded by In. W. Williams N. Henry and Putnam E. and Van- wert S. Length 24 m. mean width 18. Mau- mcc river crosses its northern side. PAULINGS, t. Dutchess ca N. Y. on the Hudson. PAULIN'S KILL, r. N. J. which runs into th(! Delaware. Ixm. 75=' 9' VV.; lat. 40= 54' N PAWC^ATUCK, r. wliich runs between Rhode Island and Connecticut, and falls into Stonington Harbor. PAWLET, r. which rises in Vt. and rmis NW. into Wood Creek, iii New York. PAWLET, t Rutland co. Vt 33 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,U65. This is a consider able agricultural township, and has a village containing some manufactures and trade. PAWLIMi, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 20 m. SE. from Poughkeepeic, 105 S. from Albany. Po|.. 1,705. PAWTIJCKET, v. partly in North Provi- dence, R. I. and partly in Seckhonk, Mass. on the Pawtucket r. 4 m. NE. Irom Providence. Pop. about 4,000. It is noted for tlie number and extent of its manufactures, and Uie thri- ving village that has sprung up about Ihcm. Tliese factories are at the charming cascade of Pawtucket river. Five or six public build- ings, two banks, ten or twelve cotton factories, and as many other ift.etaries, have here been the growth of a few years. The whirUng of the mills, the dashing of the water, and the activity ^ the village, altogether constitute a upectaolMf great interest. PAWTl'CKET, r. R. I. which rises in Miuw. where it is called the iilack8tniic,|iass«>8 through N E. part of Riiode Island, and Hows into Nar- raganset Bay, just below Prmidcnoe. Ik-low the falls it is called the Hcekhonk. The de- scent at the falls is about 50 feet. PAWTl'XET, V. in Cranston, R. I. at the moutli of the Pawtuxet, 4 m. S. frouj Provi- deucc. It contains a bank and an academy. It is a flourisliing village, and lias consider- able trade. PAXTON, t Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. W. Worcester, 48 W. from Boston. Pop. 5!l7. PAXTON, t Ross CO. Ohia Pop. 791. PAYNESVILLE, v. Rockingham co. N.C. PEABODY, r. N.H. wliich joins Uie An- droscoggin, in Shclburne. PEACE RIVER. Sec Mackenzie's Ricer. PEACHAM, t. Caledonia co. Vt 6 m. S. from Danville, 27 E. from Montpelicr, 51 N. from Dartmoutli College. Pop. 1,351. 'iliis is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and it has a small village containing an academy and a Congregational mccting-liousc. PEACH BtVlTOM, v. York co. Pa. PEACH TOWN, V. Tompkins co. N. Y. PEAKS, mts. extending from Stratford in N. H. to the White Mountains; 2,500 feet liigli. PEAKS OF O ITER, m Bedford co. Va. 30 in. W. by N. from Lynchburg. Lat. 37^ 33' N. They are summits of tlie Blue Ridge, and are considered the most elevated ]x)ints of land in Virginia. The altitude of Oic eastern peak, is 3,104 feet ; tliat of the western, 2,916. According to another statement, the ekvatiuii is 3,955 feet The summits ore comiiosed of granite. PEARLINGTON, v. Hancock co. Mis. 56 m. SE. from Jackson. PEARL RIVER, r. Mis. which runs S. and joins tlic Rigolets, which forms a cominuni(»i- tion between Lakes Ponchortrain and Ikirgifc. In the S. jmrt of its course. Pearl River sepa- rates tlic state of Mississippi from Ijouisiana. It is tlie largest river between the Mississipp' and Mobile. PEASE, t Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,271. PEDEE, Great, r. S.C. which rises in N.C, where it is called Yadkin, and runs SSE. into Winyaw Bay, near Georgetown, and coinnm- nicates with the Atlantic, 12 m. below George- town. It is navigable fbr boats of 60 or 70 tons, about 200 m. PEDEE, LUtU, r. S.C. which rises in N.C. and unites witli tlic Great Pedee, 32 ni. above its mouth. PEDLAR'S MILLS, v. Amherst co. Va. 150 in. W. from Richmond. PEDRICKSBURG, v. Salem co. N.J. 10 m. N. from Salem. PEEKSKILL, v. in Cortlandt, Westches- ter CO. N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, near the mouth of Peekskill creek, 40 m. N. from New York. It has a printing-office, and con- siderable trade. PEELED OAK, v. Bath co. Ken. 73 m. E. from Frankfort. PEELING, t Grafton co. N.H. 20 m. N. from PlymouUi, and 557 from W. Pop. 203. iMaii!!. tiroiicli lo Nar- Ik-low rhe de- al the 1 Provi- »demy. onsidcr- 3 m. W. , 597. 791. ca N.C. tlic An- '« Ricer, 6 m. S. er, 51 N. il. This ral town, ining aii ing-liousc. Pa. ..N.Y. rnfford in I feet liitilli. rd CO. Va. Lat. 37 5 Hue Uidgi', d j»ints of uhe eastern Mti), 2,946. e elevation imixjscd of Mis. 56 runs S. and tniniuniui- ^id Ilorgrtt. fiver sepa- Louisiana. [isdissipp' h>- 2,271. UH in N.C. SSE. into kd comniu- jw Gcorgt;. tf 60 or 70 C8 m N.C. I2 n>. »bove I CO. Va. 150 N.J. 10 IWestchcB- ^dflon, near N. from , and con- 1. 73 m. E. 20 m.N. Pop. 203. PEE— PER CO. N. Y. is situate*! on the E. and W. line be- tween the townshijw of" Benton and Milo, ^od n small (iistaiice .N. of the outlet of CrooRed fiiikr, 1.3 111. nearly .*<. from (Jeneva. PENNSYLVANIA, one of the U. S. See There are 3 considcrahle mountains in tiiis townnhip, viz. Cushman'H, Dluc, and Ul.ick mountains. PEEPEE, t. T?o8s CO. Ohio, on the Scioto, 18 m. S. from Chillicnthe. PE(;L'NN(M'K, r. N.J. which joins the page 77 Passaie, at llnrscncck. PENNYTOWN, v. Hunterdon PEJEPSC'0'I',or Pepypscot, t. Cumberland 10 m. NN\V. from Trenton. CO. Me. on the Androseojririn, ."JO m. NNE. from PENO, t. Pike co. IMiso. Portland, 14(1 NNE. from lk)-ton. PELACJIFJ, r. La. winch runs into the Mis- souri. liOn 9P 30' W. ; lat. 3-^J M N. oa N.J. PENORSCOT, CO. .Maine, bounded E. by WiLshinfrlon and Hancock cos. S. by Hancock and Waldo cori. and W. by Somerset co. It is PELH.V.M, t. Roe'4() NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,271 Long Island Sound, lf< m. NE. from New place of considerable trade York. Pop. .334. PELICAN ISLAND, small isl. near the S coast of Mississippi. PELICAN ISLANDS, cluster of small isls near the coast of Mississippi. PEMAQL'ID, bay on the coast of INIaine, containing several small islands. Lon. d'.t- 30' W. ; lat. 43= 50' N PENORSOT, the larpest river in Maine. I The western and principal branch rises in the ' western part of tJic state, some of its soufcee j Ik ing near the head-waters of the Chandiere, I and others near those of tlic St. John's. It ■ flows E. by S. through Chcsuncook and Pein- 1 niidmnpknk lakes, and unites with the eastern 1 branch, 54 miles in a right line N. bj E. from PE.MBROKE, t. Merrimack co. N.H. oniBaniror. H side of the Merrimack, 6 m. SE. trom Con.| PENOBSCOT BAY, large bay of the At- cord. Pop. 1,312. It is a plca.sant town, and'lantic, on S. coast of Maine. It emboeoms contains several paiK-r-mills and other nianu-' J^ng Island, on which is the town of Islesbo- factnring estahlishm( nts. i roiitrh, the Pox Islands, containing the town PEMBROKE, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 12 m. of Vinalhavcn, and several smaller islands. It NW. from Plymouth, 23 SSE. from Boston. , is a very fine bay, affords prent advantages of Pop. 1,324. j navigation, and its islands present a variety of PEMBROKE^ V. Gencse. co. N. Y. lK»autifnl landscapes. Its entrance, between PEMKJEW ASSET, name applied to the the Isle of Holt and Owl's Head, is 18 miles main branch of the Merrimack, till it is joined ' wide, and its length from N. to S. is about 30. by the Winnipiscogec, at Sonborntown. It; sources are from the White Mountains, and Mooschillock, and its? length, to its junction with the Winnipiscogec, about 70 in. PENDLF/roN, CO. central part of Va. boonded NE. by Hardy co. E.SE. by Rockine Lon. 68= 40' to 68= 56' W.; lat 44° to 440 30' N. PE\OB.<5rOT HILLS, mountains, Me. on the W. coast of Penobscot Bay. PENSACOLA, t. Escambia co. W. Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. It is the largest town hani and Augusta cos. S. by Bath, and WNW. in West Florida, and has a capacious harbor, but the town can be ajiproached only by small vessels. It is a naval station of the U. States. The situation is comjKiratively healthy, and the town is somewhat thriving. The town wa» founded at an earlj- period by the Spaoiardt. It is 50 m. ESE. from .Mobile, 900 SW. ftwn VV. Lat. .300 2,5' N. ; Ion. 87= W. Pop.ajDOO. PEPPERELL, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m. Pop. b«r. bv Randolph. Pop. 6,271. Chief town, Franklin, "PENDLETON, co. N. part of Ken. Pop.i 3,866. Chief town, Falmouth. PENFIELD, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the S. Mde of Lake Ontario, 23 m. NNW. from Ca- nindaigua. Here arc valuable salt-springs, and abundance of bog iron-ore. I PENNFIELD, NE. t. Monroe co. N. Y. on | Irondcquot Bay, 6 in. E. from Rochester. PENNINGTON, v. Hunterdon co. N.J. 9| m. W. from Princeton. It is pleasant and flourishing, and contains 40 or 50 houses. PENNSBOROUGH, v. Lycoming co. Pa. on E. side of the Susquchonnah, about 18 m.' ESEL from Williamsport. ' PENN'S CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into, river, the Susquehannah, 4 m. below Sunbury. PEQUEA CREEK, r. Pa. which rtma mto PENN'S NECK, r'pprr, t Salem co. N.J. 'the Susquehannah, 2 or 3 miles below Ae PENN'S NECK, Lower, t. Salem co. N. J. Conestoga. PENN'S VALLEY, in the SE. part of j PEQUEST, r. N. J. which nms into tfw Centre ca Pa. between the Brush and Path. Delaware, lon. 75= 10* W. , lat 40^ 4T N. VtUey mountains. PERAMES,v.Betzenco.N.J.10m.IllVW. PENN VAN, t and seat of justice, Yates! ftom Hackinsank, 31 NNW. from N«« Yv^ aw N W. from Groton, 39 NW. from Boston. 1.440. PEQUANNACK, t. Morris ca N.J. dering on Bergen ca Pop. 4,451. PEQUANOCK, smaU r. N. J. in Bergen and .Morris cos. It joins Long Pond and Ram> pougb rivers, at Pompton, to form Pompton 370 l»EK— PER PERcrilE RIVER, v. on a miiall crt-ck, ho c&^d, ill JefTerBon co. N. Y . The crook riws by k small lake, IH or 20 m. NE. from Sack- ctV Harbor, and fiillB into ISlack River Hay, 4 miles below Hrownsviile. PEI«:in3S AND CAVE, RapitU dr,on the south-westerly branch of the Ottawa river, im- mediately abov(! Ic Porta^res des Paresseux. PERC;iVAI,'S, V. Brunswick co. Vu. 68 m. a little W. of S. from Richmond. PERCY, t. Nortliumbcrland co. L. C. PERCY, t Northumberland co. U. C. in the rear and N. of ('runmhe. PERDIDO, r. which runs S. Bcparatni)r West F^lorida from Alabama, and flows into the (iulf of Mexico, 12 m. W. of Pcnsacola, and 32 EL of Mobile Point. It forms a con- siderable bay at its mouth. PERIN'PON, t. Monroe co. N. Y. between Pittsibrd and Maccdon. The t. lies on Imth ■ides of tlio Eric canal, 10 m. SE. of Rochester. Pop. 2,155. PERKINS, t. Huron co. Ohio, in which ic ■ituatcd the town called Sandusky City. Pop. .335. PERKINSONVILLE, v. Amelia co. Va. PERKIOMEN, r. Montgomery co. Pa. which runs into the Schuylkill, about 10 miles above Norristown. PEROTE, t. of Mexico, in the state of Vcro Cruz, about 75 m. NW. from tlie city of Vera Cruz, and 110 nearly E. from Mexico. Lat. 19° 30' N. Near this city rises the vast moun- tain called by the Spaniards ('offrc dc Perotc, the Naugheampatei)ctl, of the Aztcics, 13,414 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. PERQUIMANS, r. N.C. which runs into the Atlantic, lat. 36° 5' N. PERQUIMANS, co. N. C. bounded by Al- bemarle Sound S. Chowan co. W. Gates NW. and Pasquotank NE. and E. Length 20 m. mean width 10. Chief town, Hertford. Pop. 7,417. PERRY, L Washington ca Me. 25 m. NE. firom Machias. Pop. 735. PERRY, t Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 2,792. PEaiRY, CO. Pa. bounded by Cumlwrland S. Franklin SW. Mifflin NW. and tlie Susque- hannah river, or Dauphin SE. Length 38 m. mean width 14. Chief town. New Bloomiield. Pop. 14^257. PERRY, CO. Ken. bounded by Harlan S. Clay W. EstiU NW. Pike N. and Floyd E. Length 50 m. mean widtli 20. Pop. 3,331. PERRY, interior co. of Ohio, bounded on the N. by Licking co. E. by Muskingum and Morgan, S. by Athens and Hocking, W. by Fairfield co. Length 24 m. width 18. Chief town, Somerset Pop. 14,018. PERRY, t Wayne co. Ohio. PERRY, t. Shelby co. Ohio. Pop. 349. PERRY, t. Geauga co. Ohia Pop. 1,14a • PERRY, t. Richland CO. Ohio. Pop. 1,082. PERRY, L Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 1,018. PERRY, t Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,055. PERRY, t Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. S. of Lancaster. Pop. 814. PEmiY, t Gallia oo. Ohio, 10 m. W. from GallipoliB. Pop. 622. PERRY, I. Eranklin co. Ohio. Pop. 634. PERRY, <». In. bounded by Ohio river SE. and S. S|Kiicer W. DuIioIh NVV. and Crawlbrd N. and NE. Length 2H ni. mean widUi IC>. Surface broken, and soil fertile. Pop. in 1620, 2,330 ; in 1830, 3,378. PERRY, CO. 'IVn. bomided by Wayne S. Hardin SW. IknderHon W. t^arroll NW. Ilnm. pliries N. and Hickman E. Length IVA ni. mean widtli 2ti. Poj). in 1820,2,.3»l ; in 1830, 7,038. Simnnonsvillu is the chief town. PERRY, central co. of Al. Iwunded by Dal- las S. (ircene W. Tuscaloosa NW. Bibb NK. and Autauga SE. C'ahawba river flows acroHx this CO. from N. to S. dividing it into altnoHt equal sections. Pop. 11,50!). PERRY, CO. Mis. bounded by Jackson and Hancock S. Marion W. Covington N. and (irecnc •' Length 30 m. breadth 30. Pop. in 18QG, :i,r37 , ;.. 1830, 2,285. Chief town, Au- gusta. PERRY, C. H. Perry co. Ken. PERRY, C. H. Perry co. Al. on Cahawba r. 50 ni. SE. from Tuscaloosa. PERRY, t. Licking co. Ohio. PERRY, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from Zanesville. PERRY, t. Stark co. Ohio. PERRY, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. PERRYOl'OLlS,v. in the lower, or norlli- crn part of Fayette <(>. Va. 16 m. a little W. of N. from Uniontowu, and 8 in. NE. from BrownsvilW. PERRYSBURG, t. Ohio, at the Lower Rapids of the Maumee, 36 m. W. by N. from Croghansvillc, 140 NW. from Columbus. PERRYSBURG, NW. t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. on Cataraugus creek, 30 m. S. from Buffalo. Pop. 2,440. PERRYSBURG, t Wood co. Ohio, at the Jjowcr Rapids of Maumee river, and on the right bank of tliat stream, 135 m. NNW.from Columbus, 80 SW. from Detroit, and 50 SW. by W. from the Bass Islands m Lake Erie. PERRY'S MILLS, v. TatnaU ca Geo. 115 m. SE. from Milledgcville. PERRYSVILLE, v. AUeghany co. Pa. 7 m. N. from Pittsburg. PERRYSVILLE, v. Bond co. II. on the Koskoskia, 50 m. E. by N. from St. Louis, 30 from Edwardsville. PERRYSVILLE, L Mercer co. Ken. PERRYSVILLE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. PERRYSVILLE, t Richland co. Ohio, on an eastern fork of the Mohiccon creek. PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Miso. about 80 m. a little E. of S. from St. Louis. PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Ten. 112 m. SW. by W. from Murfrecsborough. PERSON, CO. N. C. bounded by Virginia N. Gronville E. Orange S. and Caswell W. It is a square of 20 m. each side. Pop. in 1820, 9,029; in 1830, 10,027. Chief town, Roxborough. PERTH AMBOY. See Ambou. PERU, t. Bennington co. Vt. 38 m. NNE. fi^m Bennington. Pop. 455. PERU, t Berkshire co. Mass. 16 m.NNE. from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston. Pop. 729. PER— IMII 371 op. 634. » rivtT SK. , rrawlbnl witWi ir>. p. in 1820, Wuync S. NNV.IInm- Ijrlll IW 111. a ; in 1H3(), to>wn. idt-a by l>iil- r. Bilib Ni:. fl»)\vs acronH into alniottt JackMin and [rton N. and 1 30. Pop. in icftown, Att- jn Cohawba r. Ohio, 6 m. E. :)iiio. ower,or norlli- m. a Utile W. J in. NE. from at the I^wer \V. by N. from t'olumbiw. Cataraugus co. 30 in. S- fro"* 1 CO. Ohio, at the Iver, and on the Im.NNW.from oit, and 50 SW. lin Lake Erie. loll ca Geo. 115 ^hany CO. Pa. ^ CO. II- on ^''^ torn St. Louis, 30 ier CO. Ken. kcrdon co. N. J- lland CO. Ohio, on Icon creek. CO. Miso. about kt. Louis. \ CO. Ten. 112 m- 'nded by Virginra I and Caswell w. t;h side. Pop. "^ 27. Chief town, 1. Vt. 38 m. NNE- |;«.l6m.NNE- on. Pop. 729. PERU, t Clinton co. N. Y. on Lake ('ham- plain, 140 ni. N. from Allmny. I'op. 4,!M!t. PERU, V. Huron co. Ohio, 130 m. N. from Golumbu*. PERUVIAN MOUNTAINS, in N. York, W. of Lakr Ch.-implain. PF.SQL'EMAN.SE'l', r. Rristol ro. Mass. which runH into tlic oca, at Dartmouth I'ETERB()ROUrgei. Here arr also considerable manufactories of straw hata and bomii'tM. I'op. I,6!)5. PETERSTOWN, v. Monro.- co. V«. PETEHSVIfJ.E, V. Fred.rick co. Md. PEYTONSBDRti, v. Pittiiylvonia co. Va. 18 m. NW. from South Ikwton. PHARSALIA, t. Clieiianto co. N. Y. Pop. 1)87. PHFl.PS, t. Ontario co. N. Y. 12 m. E. from Canaiuluigna. Pop. 4,7!)8. PHILADELPHIA, Nnn, t. and cap. Tua- carawas ro. Ohio, 50 m. NE. t'roin Zancsville, 311 from W. It is Hituatcd on the east branch of the Muskingum, on a large and handsome plain, and cuntnhis the county buildings. Pop. 410. PHILADELPHIA, v. .lefferson co. N.Y. 173 m. NW. from Allmny. PHILADELPHIA, v. on Uic norUiern bor- dor of Monroe co. Ten. and on Sweet-water crock, about 35 m. SW. from Knoxvillc. PHILADEI.PHIA, co. Pa. bounded N. bv Bucks CO. E. and SE. by Delaware river, SW. by Delaware co. and W. by Montgomery ca Its greatest Icngtli from NE. to SW. is 18 ni. average width 7 in. area about 120 sq. ms. The |io|iulation of this county, exclusive of the city (pro|)er)of Philadelphia, but including thu Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Gar- den, and Southwark, is 10H,.'J09. PHILADELPHIA, city, iwrt of entry, and the second city in the Union, is situated in the SE. corner of Pennsylvoniu, in a county of llio same name. It cKJcupies the narrowest jiart of tli(! isthmus Inlween tlie rivers Delaware and Sclmylkill, almut 5 m. aboNc their conflu- ence, and aI)out 100 m. from tlie sea. It is 300 low tlic Falls, 12 m. above ite junction with the] m. SW. of Boston, 90 SW. of New York, 137 James river, at City Point, 25 m. S. by E.iNE. of Washington, and 100 NE. of Balti- from Richmond. It contains an academy, 2 niorc. Jjon. 75'' 10' W.; lat 39= 57' N. Pop. banks, a Masonic Hall, and several houses of i of the city and liberties, in 1802, 62,000 ; in public worship. It has consid.rable commerce 1810, 92,247; in 1820, 108,116; in 1830, in tobacco and tlour, owns considerable Hhi|)- ping, and is one of the handsomest and most floifrishing towns in the state. Its situation at tlie head of navigation, and in the vicinity of the Falls, is highly advantageous, as the water-power afforded by the Falls is turned to good account in several extensiv*- and valuable mills. The river is navigable to this |(lacc for vessels of 100 tons. The town contains 8,322 inhabitants. PETERSBURG, t Columbiana co.Ohio, 14 m. ENE. from New Lisbon. PETERSBURG, t. Woodford ca Ken. on the river Kentucky, 15 m. SSE. from Frankfort. PETERSBURG, t Elbert co. Geo. on the Savannah, 53 m. above Augusta. It is a pleasant and flourishing town. PETERSBURG, v. Boone co. Ken. PETERSBURG, v. Pike co. In. 156 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. PETERSHAM, t Worcester ca Mass. 30 m. NW. from Worcester, 30 ENE. from North- ampton, 67 W. by N. from Boston. It has a pleasant and elevated situation, and is one of the best agricultural towns in the state. It is weU watered by WTcral streams which supply 161,437. There is a suthcient depth of water in the Schuylkill to admit large merchant ves- sels up to the wharves on the W. side of the city, and shi|)s of any size can ascend to it by the IX'lawarc. It is tlic most regularly built city in ttic United States. Its principal streeta are 100 feet wide, and the others not less than 50. They are perfectly straight, ond intersect each otlicr at right angles. Many of them are beautifully shaded, all are well paved, ond kept remarkably clean. The houses ore of brick, and generally of three stories. It is un- questionably among the most manufacturing cities, all tilings taken into view, in the United States. Among all the extensive branches for which it is famous, paper, printing, and pub- lishing are important items. A great number of gazettes, periodicals, and monthlies are is- sued ; and one quarterly critical, and another quarterly medical journal. This city vies with lioston in the number and eitent of its school and classical Ixuks. It has a reputation also for the extent and excellence of its breweries. Iti literary, philosophical, and humane institutions are worthy of all praise. The Philadelphia Library owes its origin to the illuatrioua Frank- 3V4 PHI— i»in t \Ayu PHILADKM'HIA, AND ITS KNVIRON8. lin. It eontainn a mnRenm, a pliilo80))liicaI apparatus, the Fhiladi-lphiu I/ibriiry, and the Log^onian Library, amounting in all to 42,(J(lO volumes. Tlic American rhilosophicnl Socitty, the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agri- culture, the AthcniEum, and the Academy of Natural Sciences, are all imiiorlanl institutionH, and have librnrics and collections. 'I'lie Friends' Library contains a resiKjetuhle collec- tion, and tJie Friends' ('onnnon School InHti- tution is an important and elHcient one. 'J'liore are amonff the literary "nstitutions great nnm- bers of Lancasterian, Sunday, and infant schools. Among the humane institutions is one for the deaf and dumb. t)ne oitlie noblest establishments in this or any other slate is the Pennsylvania Hospital. It extends a front of 27.'J feet, and has a large building connerted with it, snllicient to contain .'iO or 60 jintieuts. Ap|)ended to it is a lieiiutitiil garden. Tlirre arc ndniiruble arrungenients for every tliiiiu api>ertaining to the con)!brt and resforiilirm of the (liseaKed, 1m)IIi in Iwdy imd mind. West's splendid [lictiire of Christ Ht aling the Sick is |»ro|)erly kept in this institution, and (i.r a trilling gratuity fliown to strangers. There are ovct 40 public buildings and H.) hous«'8 of public worship. 'I'he nanu's, uses, and dinien- sions of some of the public buildings follow. — TIk! First Presbyterian C'hurch is a noble building, as are the lOpiscopal churches in lOijrhth and Tenth streets. The new Roman (Catholic Church of St. .John's, in Thirteenth street, is considered an admirable specimen of T.XlTnn i?TATKS BANK, I'HII.AnKt.lMII A. the Gothic style, and its interior is splendidly decorated with stained glass. Sec. The Market is a low range of buildings in the middle of Market street, extending from the Delaware to Eighth street The Bank of tlic United States in Chcsnut street, is considered the most fin- ished sjtceiinen of pure Grecian orchitccturc in the Union. It is of v.hitc marble, with Doric roUnnns in front. The Bank of Penn- sylvaniu fronts two streets with Ionic columns, PHI-PHI 378 fe. ig conncctpd r 60 imtionts. rdcn. Tlirrc r every tliiiie roHtoruli"!! of liiul. W'ft''' \\fr the Sick is 11, and ti'i" a ifrers. TIhtc K") liouwH nt" 1, niid diincn- injrs follow. — is a noble churches in new Itoiiiiin I Thirleenth specimen ol" the most fin- In orchitccture marble, with .Bank of Penn- I Ionic columns, Bnd M of white mnrhle. Tlic Stntii Ilmim; in a lar|(c brick biiildiii|r in CheHniit Htrcet. <>i- rard's Bank is a h«>oiitiful niiirhii^ bnildin^r with Corinthian cohiinns. The Arendi; is an imimsinK structure, leiidingr fVoiii ClicHtiut to Car|M;nlrr street. It iH fitted up with sliopH, and in the seeond story willi |>in7./.ns, niid eon- tains Pealc's IMiimMiin. The Theiitre in Ches. nut strwt lias ii marble front. 'J'lie MiiHonii; Hull, a little further on, is in the (•olhic style. The Aca«k'iny of Arts is in ('hesiuit strft, bi^twccn Tenth and Kleventli. Ainoiijf the stiitues nre the Three (irnces of ("anovu, and a gallery of pictures prineipully tiie works of Aitwricim artists. Tlic Mint of the I'liited States is in Philadelphiii, nnd the huildiiit; forms an im|iortant addition to the |>uhlic edi- fices: it fronts on ('hcstiut near Urond street, and is built entirely of white nmrble. The amount coined annually varies from two nnd a half to three million dollars. The Schuyl- kill Wat<'r.\Vorks are n splendid estublish- menf, and noted especially for the rich and varied pros|M;ct enjoyed from thein. The build- ing in which the machinery is contained is a hnndsomc one, and the mnchinery is capable of raisinp 7 million jjallons of water in 2 J hours. The wheels are driven by a current from a dam aliove. The reservoirs are on a hill, higher than any part of the city. The pipes extend 34 or 3.'» m. This frrand work abundantly repays the ins|)cction. Pratt's (lardcn, in full view of the Water- Works, is n charming place, and well worthy to bt^ visited. The Penitentiary has the asjK-ct of a fortress. The wall is of granite, 40 feet higli, nnd in- closes a square MO feet each way. The N.ivy Hospital, 2 m. SVV. of the centre of the city, convicts are all employed in varimm kinds of iiiecbaiiicnl labor, tlie proeeetls of which, when thiy exceed the oxjH'nms of tl.( ir prosecution mikI supinrt during their confinement, are di- vided, one-half Iwing paid to the priMiner at his discharge, and lUv balance n tained by the state, 'I'he hiiiiiane and rational system of diseiplinc established, and so successfully maintained in this prison, has iM'come a mcMJel for thorn; of the other states. Though s<-pnrnted by justicii from society, and condemned to years of toil, the prisoners nre not supi)os«'d to have lost the disliiietivi- attriliiites of human nature : they are treatcil as rational beings, 0|H'rnteatriurch, tlie ininiortnl as- serter of toleration, a doctrine in his time little known, but now as universally admitted end landiMl in theory, as it is generally disregarded in practice. Another celebri.ted individual, Ste])lieii (Jirard, who closed his lift- within the has a front of 386 feet, and is 3 stories high.j present year, by his great exertions and une.x- It is built partly of granite nnd partly of mar- 1 ainpled success in commerce and hanking, ble. The Navy Yard is of great extent, and j contributed largely during his life to the pros- fitted up with first-rate up|)urtcnancoB for perity of this city. Uy ;- fseverunce and good building frigates nnd ships of the line. The fortune, he accumulat ' ■ o<'scssions in real Pennsylvania, building here, it is said, will be estate and money, to the • ount of more than the largest ship in the world, and is to carry fen millions of dollars ; and at his death, ho 160 guns. The new Alms-Housc, uiwn the western bank of the Schuylkill, is a very ex- tensive structure, having a front ujion the river of about 1,000 feet. The House of Refuge is near the city, upon the Ridge Road, and is a substantial nnd commodious edifice. The University of Pennsylvania was incorporated in 1791. The number annually admitted to degrees is usually about 30. The Medical Institution belonging to the University has H professors, and has the reputation of being the first institution of the kind in the Union. It has about 500 students from various parts of the U. States. Its buildings are two large and elegant edifices in Ninth street, between Chcs- nut and Market The Jefferson Medical Col- lege, situated in Tenth street, is another insli- tution of this kind : it has, at jircsent, a smaller number of students. The Philadelphia Prison is a more interesting object to humanity than the most gorgeous palaces. It presents the practi- cal application of principles which worldly men nave derided, and philosophy has upheld without daring to hope for tltcir adoption. The bc^qucallicd more Uian three-fourths of this iin. nicnse sum to the corjioration of Philadelphia, and to various charitable and benevolent insti- tutions in the city. By his will, two million dollars arc to be appropriated to the building and endowment of a college for the gratuitous supiwrt and education of or[ihans. This col- lege is to be 110 by 160 feet, 3 stories high, and sufficiently spacious to accommodate 300 scholars. It is to be built entirely of white marble,, and, togetlier with the Exchange (which is now in a course of erection, and to be formed of the same material) will add to the noble edifices which adorn and beautify the city of Philadelphia. PHILANTHROPY, V. Butler co.Ohio, 122 m. SW. from Columbus. PHILLIPS, t. Somerset co. Me. 40 m. NW. from Norridgewock. Pop. 954. PHILLIP'S POINT, cape in Lynn, Mass. Lon. 70° 54' W.; lat. 42'' 30' N. PHlLIilP'S RIVER, r. N. H. which unites with the Upper Amoonoosuc, in Piercy. PHILIPS, CO. of Ark. lying along tlic Mis- 874 PHI— I'lQ ■biippi and St. FranciN riviTM. (liiufUiwn, St. Ilelrnn, on the iVliMi»Mi|>pt. l'o|i. \,\!t'4. PillJ.MI'SmiRtJ, V. Jemrmm cikOliio, 7U 111. below SteiilN'nville, uiid on the ( thin river. FHILI.II'SnUHt;, V. Oranjrc. co. N. Y. FlIILI.II'.SIiURCi, t Centre co. I'n. iibout 21 III. W. from IfelletbiiU'. PHILLIl».SUUR(;, V. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delawuro, opposite Eaoton, 41 iii. above Trenton. IMIILLII'SnURG, t. Lincoln co. Me. on the Kenncbcck, 17 in. SW. from Wiscusaet. Pop. l,.')ll. PHILLIPSTON, V. Worcester co. Mobh. PHILLIPSTOWN, t Putnam co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hudson, opposite West Point Pop. 4,81 f). PHILLirSVlLLE, v. Fcliciuna co. Lou. PL\NKA'rANIv, r. Va. whicli ruim into the Chesapeake. iMn. 76^ 2.7 W.; lot. ;J7^ 32' N. PICKAWAY, CO. Ohio, boundid by Rokh S. Fayette W. Madison NW. Delaware N. Fairfield E. and Ilockinjcr SE. I^Mi^fth 22, widUi 21 m. Pop. in 1820, 13,14!); in 1830, 15,!)33. Chief town, Circlevillc. PICKAWAY, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. from Circlevillc. Pop. 1,766. PICKENSVILLE, t. Pendleton co. S.C. on the Saluda, 15 m. SE. from Greenville, 110 m. WNW. from Columbia. It contains but a flw houses. PICKERING, t. of York co. U.C. on Lake Ontario, E. from York. PIERCE'S ISLAND, small isl. in Piscata- flua harbor N. II. PIERCY, t Coos CO. N. II. 9 NE. from Lancaster. Pop. 236. PIERMONT, t Grafton co. N. 11. on the Connecticut, opposite Bradford, 5 m. S. from HaverhiU. Pop. 1,043. PIERPONT, t St Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. 749. PIG POINT, V. Ann-Arundcl co. Md. PIGEON RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into the French Broad river. Little Pigeon joins the same river 9 m. lielow, in JeiTcrson co. PIGWACKET, or Pccjuocket, the Indian name of a tract of country on the borders of N. H. and Maine, including Ck)nway, Fryc- bufff, and the adjacent towns. PIKE, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 2,016. PIKE, ca in the NE. part of Pa. on the Delaware river. Length 40, breadth about 25 m. Pop. 4,843. Chief town, Milford. PIKE, V. Bradford co. Pa. PIKE, CO. Ohio, bounded S. by Scioto, SW. by Adams, W. by Highland, N. by Ross, and E. by Hocking and Jackson. Length 32, breadth 15 m. Chief town, Pikcton. Pop. in 1820,4,253; in 1830, 6,024. PIKE, CO. of In. bounded by Warwick S. Gibson W. White river or Knox and Davics N. and Dubois E. Length 24, breadth 17 in. Patoka, branch of Wabash, passes through the middle of this co. Pop. in 1820, 1,472; in 1830, 2,464. Chief town, Petersburg. PIKE, t Knox CO. Ohio. Pop. 996. PIKE, t Perry co. Ohio. Pop. 1,119. PIKE, nnu of the extreme eastern oni. of Km. bouiuJi'd by llurlnnd and Perry 8W. by Perry W. by Hoyd N. mid by ('umbfriund iiiountuiii or RunwII and Tuzewill cos. Va. SK. Length .'tO, and nx-uii width 15 in. Pop. 2,677. ("hidf town, Pikeville. PIKE, CO. Mino. imundcd by Lincoln and Montgomery S. by Riillri W. and N W. and by MiHHiHHii)pi river E. This co. would averngi nUxit 2(1 Ml. H(|uare, or 400 sq. in. Pop. in lH:i(), 'J,747, but including then a large Hpuce N. of MiHWMiri river, uow included in other cos. ; in 1830, 6,122. C'hiof town. Bowling (ireen. PIKE, CO. Miss, bounded by Lou. S. Amite W. Lawrence N. and Marion E. LcngtJi 27, width 30 ni. Po|i. in 18'i0, 4,4:18 ; in lb3(l, 5,402. Chief town, llolmesville. PrKi;t Wayne CO. Ohio. PIKE, t, in Uio southern part of Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,273. PIKE, NW. t of Clarke co. Ohio. Poa 1,1 LI. P1KE,C.H. Pike ca Ken. PIKE, r. Lou. wliicli runs into the Missis- 8ipj)i, 70 m. below Sable Lake. PIKETON, t and seat of justice, Pike co. Oliio, 19 in. S. from Chillicothe. PIKEVILLE, V. and seat of justice. Bled- soc CO. Ten. on Sequachec river, 80 m. a little S. of E. froni Murfrcesborough, and (H)8 from W. PIKEVILLE, V. and seat of justice, Marion CO. Al. alxnit 70 m. NW. from I'uscalooKa. PIKESVILLE, v. Baltimore co. Md. P I L ES( ; ROVE, t Salem co. N. J. Pop. 2, 1 CO. PINCKNEY, V. Montgomery co. Miso. on the Missouri river, about 60 in. W. from !St Louis. PINCKNEY, t. Lewis co. N. Y. Poi.. 783. PLVCKNEYVILLE, I. Union district, .S. c:. on Broad river, 75 in. NNW. from Coluinhia. It contains but a few houses. PINCKNEYVILLE, t Wilkinson co. Miss. 5 m. E. of tlic Mississippi, and about 16 mi. SE. from Fort Adams. It is situated in a very pleasant and fertile country. PINE CREEK, r. Pa. which runs S. into the W. branch of tlie Susquehannali, 2 or '.\ in. W. of .Jersey shore. PINE GROVE, V. Schuylkill co. Pa. 8 ni. from Womelsdorf. PINE GROVE MILLS, v. Centre co. Pa. PINE HILL, V. York district, S.C. PINE RIVER, r. N. II. wliich flows into Ossipec Lake. PINE RIVER, r. In. which runs into tlic Wabash. PINEVILLE, V. Charleston district, S. C. about 40 miles from Charleston. Here is on academy. PINEY GROVE, v. Southampton ea Va. PIPEMAKER'S CREEK, r, Geo. which runs into the Savannah. PIQUA, or Piquatown, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 130 in. from its mouth, 8 m. N. from Troy, 30 S. from Wapaghkanctta, 67 WNW. from Cqlumbus, and 125 S. from Fort Mciirg. It is delightfully situated, and is PIKE, NW. t Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 33d. I a flourisliing town. Pop. 488. The hand of pi purp( black «ir,i and PISJ— PIT 87S o the MiBsiii. PI9CA8ICK, r. N. II. which joiiw the I.niti. proy, in Durham. PIHCATAQl'A, r. N. II. which men in Waiteficid, iicpnrutoii N. FF. from Maiiir, niid |>ur*uini; a .SSK. conmo of nlMMit 10 in. (lows into lh(; Atlaiitin, Ih-Iow F'orlHinoiith. From it« 8ourc«< to Fkrwick lower fulls, it in ciilltd Salmon F'all rivrr ; tlicncc to th<" junction of the t'hochcco, it takcH the name of Ncwirlia- wnnnoi-k, and ntlrrwnrdii tliiit of F'inc(itn<|un. 'I'hio river utVordu a hI(m)|i navijration to the towns of Dover, Ncwniurket, Durham, and F*I.xetL'r. PiRcataqua Horlwr, formed by the mouth, in one of the fincut on the continent. FIS(;ATAQI!IS, r. Mc. which runs K. info the PcnohRcot, 25 m. Iielow flic junction of the Mctawanikeak. Lrnfrtli 10(1 ni. PIK^ATAQUlXi, r. N. II. which risen in Dcerfiuld and Francestown, and nms FSK, into the Merrimnck, in NK. corner of Fk-dford. PIS(;ATAWAY, t. Middlencx co. N. J. on tlic Raritttii, ^ m. NE. (Vom Nfw Rrnnirwiclr, 14 S\V. tVom Fli/alxtlitnwn. I'op- 2.6M. rF.S• Md. on the riitenlawny, 16 ni. N. tVom Port To. Iineeo. IMSCATAWAV, r. Md. which run* into tlie FVilomne, H m. Im'Iow Alexandria. F'l'lt IF F,ANF)FN(;, V. IFcrttordco. N.C. FMTT, CO. N.C. Pop. 12iI71. (JrcenviUo ' JH the chief town. I F'F'F-F', (V//X, eniH- on NW. cooRt of Amw- |ica, in FHxoii'h Kntruncc. Lon. 132^ 10' W. ; lat. r,l' r^Y N. FMT'I', Ciipf, cape on the 8. coaiit of New (i.oririn. I.on. F.'.H^ 2!»' K.; lat. H-J 55' S. F'F'I'F'SFM )Fi( )I !<; FF, f. and cap. ( hathain co. N. C. :J0 m. S\V. from Fialcijrl,, 54 NNW. from Fayetteville, nnd 3V.) from W. It iH Rituatcd on an eminence*, in a very fertile and well cuU tivated country, and contains a court-houae, • jail, iuhI an academy. ^ PITTSBURG, AND ITS ENVIRONS. PITTSBURG, city, and cap. Alleehany co. Pa. 230 m. WNW. from BalUmore, 297 W. by N. from Philadol[)hia, 335 from Lexington, Ken. 1,100 from New Orleans by land and 2,000 by water, and 223 from W. Lat. 40° 40' N. ; Ion. 80° W. It is situated on a beau- tiful plain, on a broad point of land, where the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela forms tlie Ohio. The suburbs of Pittsburg arc Allcghanytown, Northern Liberties, Birming- ham on the south bank of the Monongaliela, Lawrenceville-East Liberty, and remainder of Pitt township. Population of the city proper 12,540, and of the suburbs 9,983. Total, 22,433. The town is compactly, and in some streets handsomely built ; although the universal use of pit coal ibr culinary and manufkctin-ing purposes has carried such quantities of fine black matter, driven off in the smoke into the ■ir, and deposited it on the walls of the houses, ud every thing, that can be blackened with coal smoke, as to have given the town a gloomy a8|)ect Its position and advantages, as a man- ufacturing town, and its acknowledged health- fulness, will continue, however, to render it a place of attraction for builders, manufacturers, and capitalists. At the present time tlie fol- lowing articles are manufactured on a great scale : iron-mongcry of every description, steam engines, and enginery, and iron work in gen- eral ; cutlery of all descriptions ; glass and pa- lter, cotton, and woollens, pottery, chemicals, tin, and copper ware are manufactured, and exported to a great extent Boat and steam- boat building have been pursued here on a greater scale, than in i^iy other town in the western country. So long ago as 1814, 4,055 wagons of four and six horses, employed as transport wagons, passed between this place and Philadelphia. Boats of Uie smaller kinds are continually departing down the river at all seasons, when the waters will admit In mod- 370 IMT-PLA orato itaifoti of the river, i^rrat nuinbere of atciitn-boatM arrive, nml (l(!|mrt. Larj^o cnn- tructs arc continually ordered Ooin nil the town* on Uio water* of tliu Oliio and MittHiM. »i|i|)i, for niueliinery, ntiuun-lKNit eiiHtin^:*, nnd thu voriotiM innnuliiotiircH it iirtxIiteeM. It Im iiii|)|)lied with water by a hitjh-preHNuro Hli'iin- engine of Hi hornc power, whieii riiiwn I'le watiT llOtlrt iiIkjvo the Allrjjhiiny riv«!r. A million nnd it liiiU'iriillonN of water cnn Imj rniH- (id in U I liouru. 'riiciio works went into o|m'. ration in 1H2H. The churches in tliiH city arc a linptiiit, Uoiiinn (.'uthoiie, Covenant) tm', Se. ccderH*, a MetliodiHt church, (■eniinn f^uthcnin church, Union uliurch, KpiHcopal church, tlrNt aiul oecoiid I'rcHhyterinn churchcH, I'nitnriiin church, Hccond Methodixt church, nnd un Af- rican cliurch, inakinff u totnl of 13. The other public buildinfra nre the Wp«tern (IniverKity of Fonnnylvunio, PittHhur^; Hit^h Scluifil, PittH. bur|ir Kxchnn|rn, MuiiHion Houm*, and Hotel, Lnnihdin'B MumMiin, tlic U.S. ISunk, and the PittHhurjjr Bank. There arc 11 larffo cHtablish- inonts of iron foundcricB, in which were man- ufactured frotn pi^B, in IH.'IO, .'i,;i3:» ton*. There are six rolling; inillH and iron workn with nail fiictoricH attnclied, in which were manufactur- ed in the miinc year T,!).^ tons of pips into blooms, and !2,8(),'i tons into nails. Tlierc are four largo cotton fiictoriew, in the largest of which arc 10,000 8i>indles, spinning 1,100 pounds of yarn weekly. There are two large establishineiits of glass works, nnd 270 otiier largo manufacturing CHtiiblishnients of a mis- cclluncouB chanictcr. This city lias inimcnuc advantagi's of artificial as well as natural wa'er communications. Tlie great Pennsylvania ca- nal, over 500 miles in length, terminates here. Another canal is laid out to connect it with Lake Erie tiirough Mcadvillc; and still a third is proposed to the mouth of Mahoning, where it will connect with a branch of the Oliio and Eric canil from its summit head. PHTSFIKLD, t. Rutland co. Vt 40 m. NW. fronj Windsor. Pop. 505. PITTSFIELD, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 6 m. N. from Lenox, .10 ESE. from Albany, 40 W. from Northampton, and 136 W. from Boston. Pop. 3,570. It is watered by the Housatonnuc, is a pleasant and flourishing town, and a place of considerable trade and manufactures. It contains 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Con- grcgationalists and 1 for Methodists, a bank, a town-house, an excellent female academy, a printing-office from which is issued a weekly newspaper, several woollen manufactories, a marble manufactory, a manufactory of small- arms, and a drum manufactory. Large num- bers of chaises, coaches, and wagons are made here. Good marble is found here. The U. S. have barracks hero sufficient to accommodate 3,000 men, and a hospital. Pittsficld is situ ated in a very fertile tract of country, and is one of the best agricultural towns in the state. PITTSFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m. WSW. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,005. PITTSFIELD, V. Somerset co. Me. 98 m N. iVom Portland. PITTSFORD, t. Rutland co. Vt. on the Ot- ter Creek, 34 m. NW. (Vrmi Windwnr. Pop. '2,IH)'k Here in n vnlunble (|uarry of marble. prrrs<;»()VK, t. suiem co. n. j. ae m. s. from I'hilaili Iphia. ri'l'TSTON, t. Krnncberk co. Me. on E. Hide olthe Konnel>eek, op|K)Hite (iurdiner, 7 m. S. from Au^'usta, and 1()0 NNE. tVom Boston. Poi>. I, HOI. ITI'I'STON, t. Hunterdon co. N.J.5« m. NiNK. from Philadelphia. PI rrSTON, t. Lu/crne co. Pa. PriTSTOWN, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. NE. from Lansinghurg. Pop. 3,702. PIT'I'SYLVANIA, C. II. Pittsylvania co. Va. on Bannister river, 17ti m. SW. from Riehmond. Pri'T.^YLVANIA, CO. Va. bounded by N. Carolitia.'^. Henry and Franklin coh. W. Roan- oke river, or Bcdlord andCampltell N. and Hal- ifax E. Length 'M m. mean width 28. Pop, in 1H20, 21,313 ; in 1830, 26,023. Chief town, Danville. PLACRNTI A, spacious bay on the E. coast of Newfoundland. PLAIN, t. Wayne co. Ohio, W. from Woo*. ter. Pop. 1,2»;3. PLAIN, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 842. PLAINFIELO, t. Washington co. Vt. wa- tered by the Onion river, 9 m. E. from Mont- pelier. Pop. H7 i PLAINFIELD, t. Sullivan co. N.II.on the ('(mnccticut, 11 m. 8. from Dartmouth C^lle(;r, 11 N. from Claremont, 55 NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,581. Union Academy, a well endowed seminary, is in this town. It has a principal, an assistjuit, and alraut 100 studentii. There are fills in the ('onnecticut at this place. PLAINFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. NW. from Northampton, and 110 W. from Boston. Pop. 1)83. PLAINFIELD, t. Windham co. Ct on E. side of the Quinebaug, 4 ni. E. from Canter- bury, and 15 NE. fronj Norwich. Pop. 2,289. This is a pleasant and valuable town, and con- tains a resiH'ctahle academy. PLAINFIELD, L Otsego co. N. Y. 15 ra. NW. from Cooperstown, 81 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,G26. PLAINFIELD, t. Essex co. N.J. PLAINFIELD, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 76 m. NE. from Columbus. PLAISTOW, t. Rockingham co. N.H. 12 m. W. from Newburyport, and 28 SW. from Portsmouth. PLANE, L Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,469. PLAQUEMINE, outfct of the Mississippi* 117 m. above New Orleans, 36 above the efflux of Lafourche, and 96 below thatof Atchafalaya. PLAQUEMINE BEND, remarkable bend of the Mississippi, 70 m. below New Orleans. PLAQUEMINES, parish. La. on both sides of tlie Mississippi, near its mouth. Pop. 4,489. PLAQUEMINES,, fort. La. on the Misms- sippi, 43 m. below New Orleans. A small gar< rison is kept here for the purpose of examin- ing all vessels that pass. PLATTE, La, r. Vt. which runs into Lake Champlain, at Shelbume. PLATTE, La, r. La. which rises in the PI.A— PLY 87t in&rblc. .asm.s. Av. on E. lintr, 7 in. 111! UoBton. ^.J.58in. N.Y.NE. ylvnnio co. SVV. from mut t,(ll)() in. joinn tiiu Minsuuri, tUM) m. from tlip M)'o*i!*!*ippi- I'liA'rrK, l.ittlr, r. T.n. wliicli ruiiH into the MiKRouri, 'M\i m. from thr Miimifmippi. PhATTEKIIJ,, f. list, r ro. N. Y. 2-2 ni. S. fVom Kinirxfon. Pop, !,!)'<(). P(,.\TTS|JUR(;,t.nnilcap.(|intonco.N.Y. nn \V. HJdii of Lnki' Chninpliiin, nt the imnilh of the Siirnnnr, KiO in. N. from Allmny, (ill S. from Montreal. Lon. 73^ 2.V W.; lat. 'll'M3' N. Pop. 4,!i1:J. 'I'll.- V. S. bnrriir.kH arc 4 m. alwvo the villnjjr, on the Saraimc. Plattshurg villn^e ia hundsomrly laid out ; it contains a court-houHc, a jail, a Prcnbytrrian church, an academy, a bank, and a printing-office, and is n place of considerable trade. This place is inemorable for the etVcetiial resiHtance, on the llth of Scjit. IHJI, of 2,.'J(K) Americans, nnder (!cn. Macomb, to ihv Uritish force of ll,0(H) men, nnder Sir (Jeorpc Prcvost; and in the Imy before this town, Commodore M'DonouKli obtained a sijrnal victory over the Hritish fleet. PLEASANT, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. i,7<;;j. PLEASANT, t. in the SW. corner of Frank- lined. Ohio. Pop. 1G4. PLEASAN'I', t in the SE.^corncr of Madi- son co. Ohio. Pop. K")?. PF-EASANT, t. in flie north-eastern part of Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. i"2l. PLEASANT, t Hrowii co. Ohio, in which is situated the town of Ripley. Fop. l,f)17. PLEASANT (JROVE, V.Lunenburg CO. Va. PLEASANT GROVE, v. Orange co. N.C. PLEASANT GROVE, v. Greenville dis- trict, S. C. PLE.\SANT PLAINS, v. Franklin co. Ten. PLEASANT RIVER, r. Me. which runs into the sea, between ('olumbia and Addison, and forms a bay at its mouth, to which it gives name, lon. 67= 40' W. ; Int. 44° 35' N. PLEASANT VALLEY, v. in Clinton, Dutchess CO. N. Y. 7 m. E. of Poughkeepsie. This is a flourishing village, and has consider- able manufactories. « PLEASANT VALLEY, v. in Elizabeth- town, N. Y. PLEASANT VALLEY, t. Fairfax co. Va. PLEIN, r. which rises in the NVV. Terri- tory, flows into Indiana, and unites with the Thcakiki, to form the Illinois. PLESIS, V.Jefferson co. N. Y. 184 m. NW. from Albany. PLUCKEMIN, V. Somerset co. N.J. PLUIE, La, lake, N. America. Lon. 93° 40'W.; lat. 48=' 50' N. PLUIE,, Zifl, r. which forms a communica- tion between Lake la Pluio and the Lake of the Woods. PLUM ISLAND, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Massachusetts, between Newbury port and Ipswich, 9 m. long and 1 broad. Its soutli end is on the north side of the entrance of Ipswich harbor, and its north end on the south side of the entrance of Ncwburyport har- bor. Near tlie north end there are two lights. Several houses have been erected on this island by tlic Marine and Humane Society, for the i2X relief of distrtMiiied mariners. This Island is • pinei' of niiicli resort in the summer. PLI'M isr.ANI), small isl. near tho NE. eoant of Long Island, in tho state of N. Y. It i* annexed to Soutbold. PL!) YE, r. In. which runs into the The- akiki. PLYMOUTH, t. Windsor co. Vt. 18 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,237. .\ remarkable cavern was discovered in this town in 1H18. It is situatid at the toot of a mountain, near tho head of Black river, and has 5 a|mrtmcnts, the largest of which is 30 ti:et long, 20 broad, and 20 high. Two of the others are nearly as large. Tho rocks which form tho cavern arc wholly of limestone. Numcroun |»etri factions are foimd here, most of which resemble icicles hanging from the rw^ks. PLYMOUTH, t. Grafton r^. N.H. on W. side of the Merrimack, 31 in. SSE. from Haver- hill, 43 N. iVom Concord, 70 NVV. iVom Ports- inoutii. Pop. 1,175. Ill the north ptrt of tho town there is a |ileas.'int village, containing a court-house and a f'ongrcgatioiial mtcting- house. The courts of the county arc held al- ternately here and at Haverhill. PLYMOin'H, CO. Mass, bounded by Cape (VmI and Jioston Hays NE. nariistiii)lu co. and Hii/zard's Hay SE. Bristol co. SW. and Nor- folk CO. NW. Length 30 in. mean widtli 20. Pop. in 1H20, 3H,l3t); in 18.30, 42,993. It is the original seat of the colonization of New England. Chief town, Plymouth. PLYMOUTH, s-p. and cap. Plymouth co. Mass. 3G 111. SSE. from Boston. Lon. 70'^ 30' W. ;, lat. 4P 58' N. Pop. 4,751. It contains a court-house, a juil, a bank, and 4 houses of public worship^3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. I'he harbor is spacious, but shallow. VcshlIs drawing more than 10 or 11 feet of water cannot approach the wharves without being lightened at some distance from them. A small stream wlii^h passes tlirough the town, furnishes valuable water-power, where have been erected several important rnanutiictorics of cotton and woollen goods, and extensive iron works. Plymouth is the oldest town in New England. I'he first settlers land- ed here on the 22(1 of December, 1620 ; this anniversary is still observed. The rock on which they landed was conveyed, in 1774, to tlic centre of the town. PLYMOUTH, t Litchfield co. Ct 10 m. SE. from Litchfield. Pop. 2,064. PLYMOUTH, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. NW. from Norwich, 107 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,591. PLYMOUTH, t Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susquehannah, nearly opposite WUkesbarre. PLYMOUTH, t. Montgomery co. Pa. PLYMOUTH, s-p. and cap. Washington co. N. C. near the mouth of the Roanoke, 20 m. S. from Edcnton. PLYMOUTH, t. the northern limits of Richland co. Ohio. PLYMOUTH, V. Windsor co. Vt 15 m. SE. by E. from Rutland. PLYMPTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10 m. NW. from PlymouUi, 32 S. from Boitton. Fop. 378 POC— POP 920. It con<:iiiia a collun, a woollen luuiiufuc tory, and u forjje. POCAHONTAS, t. Clicslerfield co. Va. on N. side ot'tlio A{)|ioin;itox, opiWHiti-. IVtiTHliurff, uiul included within Ihr, Ixiroufjli of PctcrHlmrjr. POt^ATALKiO, V. nt;iiilort diBtrict, S. C. 64 m. WSW. froin Cliarlcslon. POKOMOKE, r. in SK. part of Md. wliicli runs SVV, into tlu; ('htsaijouki!, fonniii(r a con- sidernlilo Itay at its mouth. Lcnjfth 4() ni. POESTON KILL, r. N. Y. which runs into tlie Hudson, S. of Troy. Lcnjrth 20 ni. POINT ADAMS, cape, on W. coat-t of N. America, S, of the entrance into llio river (,'o- luinhia. Lfjn. UA^ ftT W.; lat. ICP l.V N. POINT ALDERTON, SVV. [wint of Iloston Harbor, on the coast oi' Massachusetts. POINT AU FER, headland in N. part of Lake (Ihaniplain, piven by the British to the United States, in ITG!). POINT BAGAUUCE, cajK; in Penobscot Bay, on the coast of Maine. POINT (CHICOT, V. of Ark! ,3as, on the bank of the Mississippi, at tlie mouth of tlie Arkansas river. POINT COMFORT, cape on the coast of Va. at tii(! mouth of James river. POINT COUPEE, CO. La. Pop. 5,93G. Chief town. Point Cou])cc. POINT COUPEE, t. and cap. Point Conine CO. La. on W. bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. N. from Baton Rogue, 1,210 from W. POINT IIARMER, v. in the township of Marietta, Ohio, on tlic Muskingrum. It is very pleasantly situated, and contains a steam-mill of stone, 4 stories high, and about 50 hand- some dwelling-houses. POINT JUDITH, cape on the SE. comer of South Kingston, Rhode Island, on W. side of Narraganset Bay, 9 m. SSW. from Newport Lon. 71° 35' W.; lat. 41° 24' N. POINT LABADDIE, v. on Missouri river, in Franklin co. Miso. 30 m. above St. Charles. POINT LOOKOUT, cape on the coast of Md. on N. side of the mouth of the Potomac. POINT MARYLAND, headland in the river Potomac, W. of Port Tobacco. POINTOPOIilS, V. Clermont co. Ohio, 190 *n. SW. from Columbus. POINT PLEASANT, t Mason co. Va. just above the confluence of Kenhawa with the Ohio, 5 m. NE. from Gallipolis. POINT PLEASANT, v. Clermont co. Ohio, on the N. bank of the Ohio river. It contains about 25 houses, immediately below the mouth of Indian creek, 21 m. SW. from Williams- burg. Pop. 116. POINT PLEASANT, v. Martin co. In. 126 m. SSW. from Indianapolis. POINT REMOVE, v. Pulaski co. Arkansas, 60 m. from Little Rock. POINT SALISBURY, cape, on the coast of Massachusetts, at the entrance of the Mer- rimack river, N. of tlie entrance of Newbury, port harbor. POINT SHERIFF, cape in Columbia river, on W. coast of N. America. POINT TOBACCO, cape on the coast of Maryland, in the PolomiiC, 37 m. SSW. from Ai!napf)l>:T POKETALICO, r. Va. runs into the Ken- hawa. I^n. 8P 51' W. ; lat 38° 16' N. i'uLAND, t. Cumberland co. Me. on the S. side of the entrance of the Little Androscnjr. gin, 30 m. N. from Portland, 140 m. NNE. from Boston. POLAND, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Ma- honing, 18 m. SE. from Warron, 62 NW. from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,186. It rjntains a furnace, a forge, and other mills. POLLARDSVILLE, v. Greenville district, .*». {.'aroliiia. POM FRET, t. Windsor co. Vt. 22 m. N. from Windsor, fop. 1,867. POMFRET, L Windham co. Ct. 40 m. E. from Hartford, 57 SW. from Boston. It is an excellent agricultural town, and has a very large cotton manufactory. Near the centre of the town there; is a pleasant village, where several turnpikes meet. POMFRET, tChatauquc co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, containing tlie villages of Dunkirk and Frcdonia. Pop. 3,386. POMME, r. La. runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 90=> l.V W.; lat. 37° 18' N. POMPEY, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. II m. SE. from Onondaga, 146 W. from Albany. Pop. 4,812. This is a valuable agricultural town, and has an academy. POMPTON, t. Morris co. N.J. POMUNKY CREEK, r. Maryland, which runs into the Potomac. PONDICHERRY, mt. N. H. in Breton Woods, and Jefferson. PONCHARTRAIN, lake. La. about 35 m. long from E. to W- and 26 broad, and gener- ally from 12 to 20 feet deep. It communicates with Lake Borgne on tlie SE. with Lake Mau- repas on the NW. and with the city of New Orleans by Bayou St. John, on the S. PONTIAC, v. and seat of justice, Oakland CO. Mich, on Huron river, of Lake St Clair. It stands in a very fertile district POOL, r. Mississippi, which runs into the Gulf of Mexico. POOL'S ISLAND, small is!, in the Chesa- peake. Lon. 76° 23' W. ; lat 39° 22' N. POOLESVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. Carolina. POOLSVILLE, t. NW. part of Montgomery CO. Md. 33 m. NW. from W. POOSHAW, lake, in Hancock co. Me. It is 9 m. long, and 4 broad. It communicates with the Penobscot by Pooshaw river, which, after a course of 15 m. flows into the Penob- scot, on W. side, opposite Marsh Island. POPACHTON, r. one of the higher conflu- ents of Delaware riv^r, rises in Greene co. N. Y. and thence flowing into Delaware co. continues a SW. course of 50 m. into the Del- aware river. POPE, CO. II. bounded SE. and S. by Ohio river, W. by Johnson, and N. and NE. by Gal- latin. Length 30 m. mean widtli 20. Pop. in 1820, 2,610; in 1830, 3,323. Chief town, Golconda. I POP— POR 379 3W. from I the Ken- s' N. . on the S. Lndroscng. in. NNE. on the Mtt- NW. from I a furnace, ille district, . 22 m. N. t 40 m. E. n. It is an has a very ho centre of lage, where , Y. on Lakf^ Dunkirk and 3 Mississippi. Y.llm.SE. Jbany. Pop. ultural town, r. rylond, which tl. in Breton I. about 35 m. d, and gcner- Eommunicatcs th Lake Mau- ! city of New he S. stice, Oakland e St Clair. It runs into the , in the Chesa- 90 22'N. iburg district, fMontgomcry ;k CO. Me. It communicateB river, which, jto the Penob- h Island, higher conflu- in Greene co. 3 Delaware co. into the Del- and S. by Ohio nd NE. by Gal- ltlj20. Pop. in Chief town, POPLAR CREEK, r Ten. wliich runs into tlie Clinch. POPLAR CREEK, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac. POPLAR GROVE, v. Newbury district, S. Carolina. POPLAR ISLAND, isl. in Ches^/^nV" Bay, about 10 m. in circumference. Lat 3b -i^' N. POPLAR PLAINS, v. Ileming co. Ken. a little N. of E. 106 m. from Frankfort. POPLAR SPRINGS, v. Ann-Arur.del co. Maryland. POPLAR TOWN, or Trap, t Worcester CO. Maryland. POPLIN, t Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. WSW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 429. POPOCATEPETL, volcanic mountain of Mexico, in Puebla, rising to the great elevation of 17,716 feet above the level of the ocean. PORCUPINE, r. N. America, runs intolhc Missouri, 110 m. above the Yellow-stone. PORCUPINE RIVER, r. NW. Territory, runs into Lake Superior. Lat. 46° 14' N. PORTAGE, CO. Ohio, bounded by Columbi- ana SE. Stark S. Medina W. Cuyahoga NW. Geauga N. and Trumbull E. Lengtli 30 m. breadth 24. Pop. in 1820, 10,095; in 1830, 18,827. Chief town, Ravenna. The land is gen- crally high, elevated and considerably broken. PORTAGE DESSIEUX, v. St. Charles co. Miso. 25 m. from St. Charles. PORT AU PRINCE, seaport of St. Domin- go, seated on a bay on the W. side of the island, of which part it is the capital. It was taken by the English and royalists in 1794, but Uie whole island has been since evacuated by the English. .Lon. 72° 10' W.; lat 18° 45' N. PORT BYRON, v. Cayuga co. N. Y. PORT CONWAY, v. King George's co. Va. 65 m. S. from W. PORTER, t Oxford co. Me. 34 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 841. PORTER, t Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario. PORTER, t on tlie Ohio river, in Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 917. PORTER BRIDGE, v. Oxford co. Me. 45 m. NW. from Portland. PORT GIBSON, seat of justice for Gai- borne co. Miss, on the waters of the Bayou Pierre, 45 m. NE. of Natchez, and 12 in. E. of the Mississippi river, contains a branch of the State Bank, a handsome court-house, n printing-office, whicli issues a large weekly paper, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Distance from W. 1,101 m. PORT PENN, a small village in Newcastle CO. Del. on the bank of the Delaware river, 50 m. belftw Philadelphia. PORT REPUBLIC, t. Rockingham co. Va. on S. branch of the Shenandoah, 22 m. NE. from Staiuiton. PORT ROYAL, t. Caroline co. Vu. on the Rappahannock, 20 m. SE. from Fiederick.s- burg. PORT ROYA'j, t Montgomery co. Ten. at the union of th^ Sulphur Fork and R»(l River, 12 m. E. from Clarkt'sville. PORT ROYAL ISLAND, isl. in Port Royal Eritranero, near the cfKist of S. Carolina, almut V2 in. long n.id 5 wide. Beaufort is tlie prin<-ipal town. Lat 32° 12' N. PORT TOBACCO, t. and cap. CliarlcB co. Md. on a small. river of the name name, which runs into the Potomac a little bolow the town, 4'j m. SSW. from Anna|K)Ii.x. It contains an Bipiscopal church, a warc-liousc for tlie inspec- tion of tobacco, and aliout bO ho'us<'8. In the vicinity are the cukbratcd col<' waters of Mount Misery, 32 m. from W. PORT WATSON, v. Cortlandt co. N. Y. on the Tiouglinioga, 3 ni. from the court- house. See Homer. PORT WILLIAM, t. an«l caj). Gallatin co. Ken. at the conflux of Kentucky river with the Ohio, 37 m. N. from Fronklbrt, and 565 from W. Pop. 324. PORTAGE, t. in SW. corner of Portage CO. Ohio, on the Tuscarawas. Pop. 475. PORTAGE, or Carrying river, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Erie, 15 m. W. of the Sandusky. PORTAGE DES SIOUX, v. Missouri, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 6 m. above the Mi.ssouri, 24 m. N. from St Ixjuis. P(3RTER, t. Oxford co. Mc. 34 m. SW. from Paris. Pop. 841. PORTLAND, t and port of entry, Cum- berland co. Mc. 54 m. NNE. from Portsmouth, 115 NNE. from Boston, and 542 from W. LoA. 70° 20' W.; lat 43° 39' W. It is a very pleasant town, finely situated on a peninsula in Casco bay. It is the shire-town of the co. and till this year (1832) it has been the capi- tal of the state. The liarlwr is large, safe, easy of access, and is frozen but for a very short time each winter. It is the largest town in Maine, and has a very active commerce. The shipping of the port in 1829 amounted to 56,949 tons. It has many handsome buildings, among which are 8 houses of public worship, a custom-house and court-house. It has 6 banks, including a branch of the JJ. S. bank, an insurance office, academy, pui)lic library, and several flovrishing schools. On o|)|)ositc sides of tlic ship-chnnnrl are forts Preble and Scamniel. The entraiiec of the harbor is marked by a light-house, and on the pinnacle of Mount .Foy is a conspicuous observatorv. In 1820 it contained 8,520 inhahitants ; in 1830, 12,601. PORTLAND, NexD, t. Somerset co. Me. 22 m. NW. from NoiTidgowock. Pop. 1,215. PORTLAND, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on T ake Erie, 9 m. from the head of Chatauque Lake. Pop. 1,771. PORTLAND, V. Jefferson co. Ken. below Louisville. PORTLAND, V. Dallas co. Al. 16 m. from Ciihawba. PORTO BELT A seaport of N. America, on i\\v. N. eojuit of the isthmus of Darien, hav- ing a large cominmlions harbor, with good an- (;liorage and shelter (tir ships ; its entrance is narrow, and defended by several forts. It is 70 ni. N. of Panama, and .300 W. of Cartha- gena. Lon. HP 45' W. ; lat. 9° 33' N. PORTSMOUTH, t Rockingham co, N. H. 380 POR— POU at Uie moutli of the Piscataqua, with an excel- lent harbor. It is tb>s only 8«ai»rt in the state, and has considerable commerce. Here is a navy.yard of the U. States. The town has 7 churches, a branch of the United States bunk, 2 insurance-offices, and an nthdnosum. Two bridges cross the river to Kittcry, in Maine. In Utec. Ibl3 a fire destroyed 3!)7 buildings here. It is 24 m. NNE. from Newbury jwrt, 56 N. by E. from Boston, and .')4 SSVV, from Portland. Pop. 8,082. Lat. 43^ 5' N.; Ion. 70° 4.1' W. PORTSMOUTH, t Newport co, R. I. on N. end of the island of R. I. 7 ni. N. from Newport Pop. 1,727. It is connected with Tiverton by a bridge, and wilh Bristol by a ferry. la tlie NW. part of the township tliere is a coal mine. PORTSMOUTH, t. and cap. Scioto co,Ohio, on the E. bank of the Scioto, just above its junction with the Ohio, 45 m. S. from Chilli- cothe, 44 W. from Gallipolis, '121 ni. from W. It is advantageously situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, and has some trade. Pop. 1,064. PORTSMOUTH, L Norfolk co. Va. on the SW. side of Elizabeth river, opposite Norfolk, one mile distant from it, both of which consti- tute one port of entry, 110 rn, E. by S. from Petersburg, 219 m. from W. It is pleasantly situated, and regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a sugar rcfmery, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Ro- man Catholics. The courts for tlie county of Norfolk are held here. PORTSMOUTH, s-p. Carteret co. N. C. on N. end of Core bank, near Oerecock inlet, chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. PORT LOUIS, French fortress, on the SVV. coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 73^ 16' W. ; lat 18^ 18' N. PORT ROYAL, s-p. of Jamaica, 6 m. E. of Spanish Town, and as much by water SE. of Kingstoiu Lon. 76° 45' W. ; lat. 18- N. PORT ROYAL, town and fortof Uie island of Martinico, 21 m. SE. of St. Pierre. Lon. 61° 9' W.; lat 14° 3' N. PORT ROYAL, isi. of S. C. lies between Broad river on the W. Whale Sound N. PORT ROYAL, v. and port of Caroline co. Va. on the left bank of Rappahannock, 30 m. below Fredericksburg, and 65 m. NNE. from Richmond. Pop. about 1,700. PORT ROYAL, v, Morgan co. In. about 40 m. SW. from Indianajwlis, PORT ROYAL, v. on Red River, Montgo- mery CO. Ten. 45 m. WNW. from Nashville. POSEY, CO. In. bordering on the Ohio and Wabash. Pop. 6,883. Chief town. Mount Vernon. POST HILI,, v. Morgan co. Geo. POST MILL, V, Orange co. Va. 54 m. N. from Montpelier. POTOKA, r. In. which is farmed in Orange CO. and flows W. through Pike and Gibson COS. and joins the Wabosh about 12 m. W. from Princeton. POTOMAC, r. U. S. which rises in two branches, the north and south, originating in and near the Alleghany niountiiiin, and forms, through its whole course, part of the bfiundary between Virginia and Maryland, and flows into Chesapeake Bay, Ixjtween Point Lookout and Smith's Point. It is 7i mik.'s wide at its mouth. This is a fine navigable river for ships of al- most any burden for nearly .300 miles, as the tide ebbs and flows in it nearly tliat distance. AiK)ve tiie tide-water the river has thrte con- siderable falU, those above CJeorgetown arc now passable in boats. Its h ngtli alwve llie tide is upwards of 3U0 miles tlirough aji in- habited country. Its jiniction wilii the She- nandoah at HariK'r's Ferry is regarded us a great curiosity. See Harper^a Fury. POTOMAC CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac. POTOSI, t. and cap. Washington co. Mis- souri, 45 W. from St. Genevieve, 60 SSW. from St. Louis, 915 111. from W. POTOSI, Sun Luis, a stitc of Mexico, bounded S. by Queretaro and Guanaxuato, W. by Zaeateeas, N. by New Leon, E. by Tauina- lijias and the Gulf of Mexico, and SE. by Vera Cruz. Length from N. to S. 200 miles, mean widtli alwut 95. POTOSI, San Luis, city of Mexico, and seat of government for the state of San Louis Potosi. It is situated on tlie high table-land of Analiuac, near the source of the river Paiiu- co, 264 m. NNVV. from tJie city of Mexico. Lat 22° 3' N. ; lon. from W. 23° 25' W. Pop. 15,000. POTSDAM, t St. Lawrence co. N.Y. 90 m. W. from Plattsburg, 150 NNW. from Al- bany. Pop. 3,650. POTTER, CO. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by New York, E. by Tioga co. S. by Lycoming CO. and W. by IM'Kean co. Chief town, Cou- ders|)ort POTTERSTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N.J. 5 m. E. from Lebanon. POTTIESVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va. POTTSGROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. POTTSVILLE, a flourishing t in Schuyl- kill CO. Pa. which has, within a few years, grown from a solitary house to a very con- siderable borough. It is situated on one of the head branches of the Schuylkill river, near the termination of the canal The sudden rise, and rapid increase, of this place, have been owing to the immense quantities of coal found in the vicinity, and to the location of the canal, which terminates here, and renders this place a considerable de|K)t for merchandise destined for the north and west. Pop. 2,464. POUGHKEEPSTE, t and cap. Dutchess co. N.Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 75 m.N. of New York, 8.5 S. of Albany, 301 from W. The town- ship is 10 in. in length from N.toS. and about 3 J from E. to W. and has 5 landings with exten- sive storehouses, wharves, &,e. The village of Poughkeepsie is situated on a plain about a mile E. of the Hudson, and contains a court- house, a jail, a bank, an academy, several houses of public worship, and 7,222 inhab- itants. POULTNEY, t. Rutland co. Vt 56 m. N. POU— PRl 381 jng m foriiiH, undury iWH into )ut and niouUi. >s of ul- ilH tliu listancc. nc con- »\vn arc l)ovc' the \\ an in- tlic Shc- Jcd an a ich runs I CO. Mis- iW. from ' Mexico, Kuuto, W. y Tuunm- ■:. by Vera ilcs, mean Dxico, and San Louis table-land iver Panu- jf Mexico. ,'\V. Pop. N.Y. 90 !'■ from Al- nded N. by ycoming town, Cou- co. N. J. Va. CO. Pa. in Schuyl- fcw yearB, very con- onc of the Dr, near tiie idden rise, have been ' coal found f the canal, tliie place se destined butchcSB CO. I. N. of New The town- ndabout3i aith exten- Phe village lain about a riB a court- iiy, several 222 inhab- it 56 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 1,909. It is a con- mderable town, is watered by Poultncy river, and Iwrders on Hampton, N. Y. POUNDRIlXJi:, L Westchester ca N.Y. 5 m. SE. from Hi'dford. Fop. l,i:n. POWELL'S CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James river, ion. 77^ 21' W.; lat. 37^ l.'l' N. P( )VV IXL'S CREEK, r. Pa- whicli runs into tlie Siisqueliannah, 20 m. above Harrisbnrg. POWELL'S POL\T, ca|)c, Va- in James river. Lon. H(P 24' W. , lat. 37^ 2' N. POWELL'S RIVER, i: which rises from Powell's mountain in Virginia, passes into Tennessee, and joins ("linch rivjr 38 m. Nl'l from Knoxvilie. It is said to bi; navigable lor boats nearly 100 miles. POWELLTON, V. Hancock co. Geo. 14 in. N. from Sparta. It contains a nourishing academy, and 3 churches. POWHATAN, CO. Va- boimdcd N. ly James river, E. by Cliesterfield co. S. by tlic Apiwma- tox, and W. by Cumberland co. Pop. b,517. Chief town, Scottsviile. POWNAL, t. Ilcnnington ca Vt 8 m. S. from Bennington. Poj). 1,835. It is a valuable agricultural town, watered by Iloosac river, and borders on Iloosac, N. Y. and Williams, town, Mass. Momit Antiiony is partly in this town, and partly in Bennington. POWNAL, t C;umbcrland co. Mc. 18 m. NE. from Portland, 133 NNE. fronv Boston. POWOW, r. which rise? in Kingston, N. H. and runs into the MerrimotK, W. of Salisbury in Moss. PRAIRIE, t in the western limits of Frank- hn CO. Ohio. Pop. 193. PRAIRIE CREEK, v. Vigo co. In. 95 m. SW. by W. from Indianapolis. PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, v. on the left bonk of the Mississippi river, cap. of Crawford co. Michigan, above the mouth of Ouisconsin river. It is on ancient settlement made by French traders. Tiie I'. S. Fort Crawford stands in this settlement PRAIRIE DU ROCHE, v. Randolph co. II. It is the same village named often Prairie tlu Rocher. PRAIRIE MOUND, v. Lillard co. Miso. PRATTSBURG, t Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 2 399, ' PRALLSVILLE, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. PRATTSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Md. on the road from Hancockstown to Cumberland, and nearly midway between those two places, and by postroad 115 m. NW. from W. PREBLE, t CorUandt co. N.Y. 8 m. N. from Homer, 150 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,4.35. PREBLE, CO. W. part of Ohio. Pop. 16,291. Chief town, Eaton. PRESCOTT, V. U. C. on the St. Lawrence, nearly opposite Ogdensburg. PRESCOTT, V. Hampshire co. Mass. 76 m. vresterly from Boston. PRESQUE ISLE, a peninsula, on S. side of Lake Erie. It is 7 m. long, and from J to li broad. It is a heap of desert sand, thrown up by the surf of tlie lake. PRESSLEY'S, V. Abbeville district, S.C. PRESSLEY'S CREEK, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac. PRESTON, t. New I^ondon co. (^t on the E. side of tlie river Thames, 15 m. above New London. Pop. I,'.l3."i. P!{ESTON, t. New London co. Ct. on E. side of tlie Quincbaiig, 6 iii. E. from Norwich. PRESTON, t Chinango co. N.Y. 5 in. N. from Norwich, 115 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,213. PRE.STON, CO. Va. Jioundcd by Monongalia CO. N. Alleghany co. i\ld. E. Itaiulolph co. Xd. S. and Harrison co. W. Length 26 m. mean width 16. Pop. ill 1820, 3,428 ; in 1830, 5099 ; blacks, 1C)'2. (Jliief town, Kingwood. PRESTON HILLS, in N. H. extending from CockJnirn to the White Mountains. PRESTONSBURG, v. and scat of justice, Floyd CO. Ken. on the west branch of Big Sandy river, 209 ni. SE. by E. from Frankfort Pop. 81. PRESTON'S CREEK, or Wood Creek, r. Ken. wliich rims into the Ohio. PRESTONVILLE, v. Rhea co. Ten.-MO m. a little S. of E. from Murfreesborough. PRESTONVILLE, t Gallatin co. Ken. PRESU.MSCUT, r. Me. which Hows from Sebacook Lake into Casco Bay, NE. of Port- land. PREWITT'S KNOB, v. Barren co. Ken. 1-14 m. SSW. from Fraukfort. PRICE'S TAVERN, t Louisa co. Va. CO m. NW. from Richmond. PRICIS, t. St Charles district Miso. PRll':STFORD, v. Harford co. Md. PRINCE'S BAY, on the S. coast of Statcn Island, N. Y. PRINCE EDWARD, co. of U. C. occupy- ing a |x^ninsula between Lake Ontario and tliu Bay of Quinte. PRINCE EDWARD, co. Va. Imundrd by Lunenburg SE. Charlotte S. and SW. Buck- ingham NW. Cumberland, or Apjiomatox river N. Amelia NE. and Nottaway E. Length 25 m. mean width 10. Pop. in 1620, 12,577 ; in 1830, 14,107; slaves, 8,.593. PRINCE EDWARD, C.H. and t Prince Edward co. Va. PRINCE FREDERICK, t Calvert co. Md. 40 m. SW. from .\nna|)oHs. PRINCE FREDERICK, a parish of George- town district S. C. PRINCE GEORGE, co. Md. bounded NE by Ann-Arundcl co. E. by Calvert co. S. by Charles co. W. hy the Potomac, and NW. by the District of (^^jlumbia and Montgomery co. Pop. 20,473. Chief town, V^wr Mailborongli. PRINCE GE0R(;E, CO. Va. bounded N. by James river, SSf]. by Surrey and Sussex COS. W. by Dinwiddle co. and NW. hy Chester- field co. Pop. 8,3t)S. Chief town. City Point. PRINCE ROYAL ISLANDS, a group of islands on the W. side of N. America, E. of Queen Charlotte's Islands, with a navigable channel between. PRINCESS ANNE, co. SE. corner of Va. bounded N. by Che^opeake Bay, E. by the At- lantic, S. by N. Carolina, and W. by Norfolk ca Pop. 9,102. Chief town, Kempeville. 383 PRI— PRO PRINCESS ANNE, t. nnd cap. Somcrscl CO. Md. at the head oftlie Miiiiokin, 30 in. W. from Snowhill, 153 in. SE. f'roni W. It con- tains acourt-houRe, a jail, a bank, an acadoiny, and Episcopal ciiiirch, und has some manufac- tures and trade. PRINCETON, t Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. NNW. from Worcester, 53 W, by N. from Boston. Pop. 1,315. It is a v.ihiublc town- ship. Wachusctt mountain is situated 3 m. N. of tlio mectinjSf-housc. It may be seen at the distance of G7 m. and according to the ad- measurement of Dr. Wintlirop it is 3,013 feet above the level of the sea. PRINCETON, t. N. J. partly in Middlesex and partly in Somerset cos. 10 ni. NE. from Trenton, 16 SW. from New Brunswick, 40 NE. from Philadelphia, 4;) SW. from N. York. Lon. 74° 35' W. ; lat. 40° 33' N. It is a pleas- ant town, and contains a College, a Theologi- cal Seminary, a brick Presbyterian church, and upwards of 300 dwelling-houses. The CollQge at this place was founded in 1746, at Ellzabethtown ; the next year it was removed to Newark, and a royal charter was granted to it in 1748, by the title of tha College of New Jersey, which is its corporate name at present. It remained at Newark 10 years, and in 1757 was permanently established at Princeton. Its situation is pleasant and peculiarly healthful, and it has long been one of the most respecta ble seminaries in the U. States. The college edifice is called Nassau Hall. It is 175 feet in length by 50 deep, and 4 stories high. Beside a chapel 40 feet square, there are 3 otiicr large buildings attached to the College, which con- tain philosophical apparatus, museum, recita- tion rooms, &,c. These buildings arc all of stone. The number of students ranges from 75 to 150. The total number of those who have graduated at this college from its com- mencement to 1830 was 1,913. Commence- ment is held on the last Wednesday in Sep- tember. There arc 3 vacations: the 1st, from commencement, 6 weeks; the 3d, from tlie first Thursday after the second "Tuesday in April, 4 weeks. The Tlicological Seminary was established at this place in 1813. It is imder the direction of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church in the U. States, and has 3 professors, one of didactic and polemic tlieology, and one of ecclesiastical history and church government PRINCETON, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 7 m."W. Schenectady. Pop. 819. ■ PRINCETON, t. Caldwell co. Ken. PRINCETON, V. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from Hamilton. Pop. 33. PRINCETON, t. Gibson co. In. 35 m. S. from Vincennes. It is a flourishing town. • PRINCE OF WALES, Cape, the NW. ex- tremity of tlie American continent, opposite East Cape, on tlic shore of Asia. Lon. 191° 45' E.; lat. 650 46' N. PRINCE OF WALES' FORT, N. Ameri- ca, on Churchill river, belonging to tlie Iliid- Bon Bay Company. Lon. y4° 7' W. ; Idt. 58° 47' N. PRINCE WILLIAM, co. NE. part of Va. i>ounded NNE. by lioudon and Fairfhx cm. .10. by the Potomac, S. by Stafford co. and SW. by FiUKiuicr co. Pop. 9,330. Chief town, Brentsvilio. PRINCE WILLIAM, t York co. Now Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St. John. PRINCE WILLIAM'S SOUND, a great inlet of the Pacific ocean, on the N. American coast, which occupies a degree and a half of latitude, and two of longitude. It requires the greatest circumspection to navigate it, on ac- count of the rocks and shoals. Lon. 147° W. ; lat. .59° .'W to 61° N. PROCTOR'S CREEK, r. Va. which runs into James river. PROSPECT, t. Waldo co. Me. on W. side of the Penobscot, at its entrance into Penob- scot Bay, 15 m. NNW. from Ca8tine,327 NE. from Boston. Pop. 3,381. It has an excellent harbor, with water sufficiently deep for the largest ships of war. PROSPECT, t. Prince Edward co. Va. PROSPECT, New, v. Bergen co. N.J. PROSPECT HILL, v. Fairfax co. Va. 15 m. W. from W. PROSPECT HILL, v. Rcnssellacr co. N. Y, 33 m. from Albany. PROSPECT HILL, v. CasweU cc^ N. C. 88 m. NW. from Raleigh. PROVIDENCE, one of the least of the Ba- hama Islands, but the best of those planted by the English. It lies 300 m. E. of Florida, Lon. 77° 1' W. ; lat. 34° 50' N. PROVIDENCE, North, t. Providence co, R. I. on the W. side of tlie Pawtucket. Pop, 3,503. It lies on N. side of Providence, and contains several cotton manufactories, 3 banks, and an air-furnace. Pawtucket village is in this township. PROVIDENCE, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 30 m, N. from Schenectady, 34,i NNW. from Alba- ny. Pop. 1,579. PROVIDENCE, t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. PROVIDENCE, New, t. Essex co. N. J, Pop. 910. PROVIDENCE, CO. R. I. Iwunded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by Kent co. and \V. by Connecticut. Pop. 47,014. PROVIDENCE, t. iwrt of entry, and mc trojiolis of R. Island, in a county of tlie saine name, 15 m. NNW. from Bristol, 30 N. by W. from Newport, 40 SSW. from Boston, 59 NE. from New London, 65 E. from Hartford, 394 from W. Lon. 71° 10' W.; lat. 41° 51' N. Pop. 16,833. It is siU^nted on both sides of Providence river, just above the mouth of tlio Pawtucket, and 35 m. from thu-ocean. It is a pleasant, well-built, and very thriving town, well situated for trade, and has a flourisJiin? commerce, and extensivo manufactures. It |K)ssesses a fine harbor for ships of almost any burden, and its commerce is rapidly increas- ing, its shipping amounting to 35,000 tons. 11 eontiiins 15 or 10 public buildings, among which the buildings of lirown University, and the Arcade, a magnificent structure, are the most conspicuous. It has 13 clmreiies for the different denominations. Two of the Congre- //■ PRO— PUT 383 ^utiuiiai cliiirt'liOiS, and a Huplisl and llpiNco- |ialiuii ciiiit'L'h, arc rciiiarkalilt- lor llirir livaiily. Ilcrr jirt; 1 1 liaiiks, iiu'liiilin(r an olliro of dis- count and d('|ii>sit. oftlic I'. S. li;ink. 'I'ln- nn- nicrouH and ri'H|Hrtal>lc niauiiliu'iUi'icH ol' tlit' city and I'awliutkct arc what liaH given this city itH iin[)iilsc towards |inis|K'rity. Few lowiiH havo increased nion; rapidly witliin the ia8t ten ycarB. Another elenient of tliis in- crease has ken its connexion with tiie inte- rior of MaHsachnsetts hy the lilackstonc canal. 15rown UnivorKity is n resiMCtalile and llour- ishin^ inotitntion : its libraries contain 12,100 volumes. There are !] coilejr(! edifices, one l.W hy 4() feet, and I stories hijjh, with winjfs; and the other 120 hy 10 la t. 'i'lie |)osition of these buildings, on ii noble elevation, is charniinjr. The irovernnieiit of the University is corniK)sed of 3(i trustees, of whom the presi- dent and 21 others nuist be Baptists. 'J'hc other members of the board are share»l amoufr the diflerent denominations, of whom C> must hv. Friends. The Friends' lloardinj^ School in this city is a most excellent institution. lOvery aspect of this handsome and thrivinjr town indicates active and successful enterprise. PROVIDENCE RIVER, r. R. I. formed by Wanosquiatucket and Moshasick, which unite just above Providence. It flows into Narragansct Bay, at Bullock's Point, 5 or 6 m. below Providence. PROVINt^E, t. Clarke co. In. 7 m. from tlie Ohio, and 2') above the rapids. PROVINCE ISLAND, fertile island in the river Delaware, 6 m. below Philiidelphia. PROVINCETOWN.t. Barnstable co. Mass. near Cape Cod, 44 m. NE. from Barnstable, 116 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,710. It is situ- ated on the hook of Capo Cod, 3 m. SE. from Race Point. The harbor, which is one of the best in the state, ojiens to the southward, and has sufficient depth of water for ships of any size. The houses are of one story, and in order to prevent their being buried m the sand, they are set on piles, that the driving sands may pass under them. PROWELLSVILLE, v. York co. Pa. 7 m. S. from Harrisburg. PRUDENCE, isl. in Narragansct Bay, be- longing to Portsmouth, R. I. 6 m. long ; 2 m. SW. from Bristol. PRUNTYTOVl^N, t. Harrison co. Va. PUEBLA, a state of Mexico, bounded by the PacificOcean S. Mexico W. QueretaroNW. Vera Cruz NE. and Oaxaca E. and SE. ; length 350 in. breadth 53. A great portion of Pucbla is a lofty plain and highly productive in grain and fruits. In this region is concentrated the principal part of the population, which is com- puted to be 1,300,000, one million of which exist upon 10,000 sq. ms. PUEBLA, city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name. It is the 4tli city of Spanish America, and is only exceeded by 'Mexico, Guanaxuato, and Havana. Pop. about 100,000. Lat. 19° N.; Ion. 21° W. It is 87 m. SE. by E. from Mexico, and 160 m. WNW. from Vera Cruz. PU(;i;'l"S ISLAND, narrow Isl. about 5 m. in length, in Columbia river, about 24 m. from its mouth. PlJCirroWN, V. Chester co. Pa. I'lUiMTtJVVN, V. Frederick co. Va. 79 m. frniM VV. I I'LASFC I, CO. Ceo. bounded by Telfuir SE. Houston SW. Monroe NW. Twiggs N. and Laurens NE. Length 3!) m. mean width 14. Little Oaknndgee river rises in the NE. angle, and traverses the entire length of this county. Pop. in 1H20, 5,223; in iy30, 4,899. Chief town, Hartford. PULASKI, CO. Ken. bounded by Cumber- land river, or Wayne S. Adair W. Casey and Lincoln NW. Rockcastle NE. and Rockcastle river, or WJiite E. Length 35 m. mean width 23. Pop. in 1820, 7,597; in 1830, 9,522. Cliief town, Somerset PULASKI, V, and seat of justice, Giles co. Ten. on Richland branch of Elk river, 45 m. NW. from Huntsville, 80 S. from Nashville. PULASKI, CO. Ark. on the Cndron, about 300 m. above ArkiopoUs. Pop. 2,395. Chief town. Little Rock. PULTAWATAMIES, Indians, on the river St. Joseph, S. of Lake Michigan. No. 1,200. PULTNEY, t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side of Crooked Lake, 11 m. N. from Bath, 230 VV. from Albany. Pop. 1,730. PULTNEY, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,548. PULTNEY VILLE, v. in Williamson, N.Y. PUNCH HALL, v. CaroHne co. Md. PUN(iOTEAf ;UE, V. Accomac co. Va. PUNXETAWNY, v. Jefferson co. Pa. on Mahoning creek, 70 m. NE. from Pittsburg, and 35 N E. by E. from Kittanning. PUT-IN-BAY, bay, formed by the island of Edwards in SW. part of Lake Erie, 10 m. WNW. from Sandusky Bay. It affords tiie best harbor on the lake. PUTNAM, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Dutch. ess CO. E. by Connecticut, S. by Westchester CO. and W. by the Hudson river. Pop. 12,701. Chief town, Carmcl. PUTNAM, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, oppc site Zanesville, with which it is connected by a handsome bridge. Pop. 758. It is a flour- ishing town, and contains an academy, and some mills. A number of the dwelling-houses are handsomely built of brick. The academy is a brick building of two stories. PUTNAM, t. Washington co. N. Y. 28 m. N. from Sandy Hill. Pop. 718. It lies on Lake Champlain. PUTNAM, CO. Ohio, bounded by Henry N. Hancock E. Allen S. and Vanwert and Paul- ding W. It is 24 m. square. Pop. 230. Chief town. Sugar Grove. It is watered by the Hog and Blanchard's rivers. Surface, generally level. PUTNAM, CO. Geo. bounded by the Oconee river, or Hancock SE. Baldwin and Jones S. Jasper W. Morgan N. and Oconee river, or Greene NE. Length 20 m. mean width 18. Pop. in 182C, 15,475; in 1830, 13,656. Chief town, Eatonton. PUTNEY, t. Windhain co. Vt on the Con- 384 PYA— RAC nocticut, 33 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,510. It it* n |iI<-iiK!int iiiul lloiiriHliint; town. I'YAAIATUNING, t. Mercer co. Pu. Q. from QUACIIA, lake, Louisiana, 7 m. W New OrlcnnH. QUAKAKK, creek in Norflrimpton co. Pa. one of tho liranciics of tlic Lrliifjii river. QUAI\i:il IIILL, V. in Pawlinij, N. Y. QUAKKirrOWN, t. IJucks co. Pa. 33 m. NNW. fn.m Pliilml<-li>liia. QUANTUM ), r. Prince William co. Va. runs Into tho Potomac, 4 m. lx;low Dun.lrics. QMANTK'O MILLS, v. Somerset co. Md. QUAULKS villi;, v. Hnmswick eo. Va. QUElJiCC, city, and cap. ol' Urilish America, on the N. bank of the St. Lawrence, near the mouth of the St. ('harles, .350 ui. from the sea. Pop. al)out 21,000. It is naturally divided into Ihi! upper and lower town. The upjicr town is huilt on a hi^h rock, 310 feet above the lower. Its |)osition, with its fortifications, ren- ders it the strnnnrest niilitiiry fortress in the country. The French parish church, collejrc, barracks, castle of St. Louis, and Ursulinc con- vent, arc amonff the principal buildings that arrest the attention of the stranger. The basin or harbor is very siiaeious, with a depth of 28 fathoms. Tlie comtncrciiil relations arc ex- tensive and increasing. QUEECIIY, r. Vt. rises in Sherburne, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Ilartland. QUEEN ANN, co. Md. bounded N. by Kent CO. E. by Delaware, SE. by Caroline co. S. by Talbot CO. and \V. by ('iiesapcakc Bay. Poj). 14,306. ( 'hief town, Centreville. QUEEN ANN, t. Prince George eo. Md. on the Patuxent, 10 m. SW. i'roiii Annapolis. QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, group of islands in the N. Pacific, explored by captain Carteret in 1767. The most considerable he named Eginont, but the Sjjaniards call it Santa C-ruz. It is 60 m. long, and from 20 to 30 broad, woody and mountainous, with many valleys intermixed. Tho inhabitants are very nimble, vigorous, and active, and their weapons are bows and arrows jiointed with flint. On the N. side is a harbor named Swallow Bay. Lon. 161"26'E.; lat. 10^ 42' S. (iUEENS, CO. Nova Scotia, on the Bay of Fundy. QUEENS, eo. New Bruii -wick, on both sides of vSt. John's river. Chiel' town, Gagctown. QUEENSBOROUGII, v. Pendleton district, 130 m. NVV. from Columbia. QUEENSBOROUGII, small village in Tus- caruwas co. Oliio, 13 m. E. by N. fiom New Philadelphia. Pop. 20. QUEENSBURY, t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hudson, .')6 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,080. QUEEN'S COUNTY, co. N. Y. in W. part of liong Island, bounded N. by Long Island Sound, E. by Suffolk co. S. by the Atlantic, and W. by King's co. Pop. 22,276. Chief town, North Hempstead. QUEEN'S CREEK, r. N.C. runs into the Atlantic. Loii. 77^ 28' W. ; lat. 34^ 37' N. QUEENS DALE, v. Rubcson co. N.C. QUEENSTOWN,U.C. situated upon the Niagara river, alraut 7 m. above Newark. Pop, 400. It is at the head of the navigation tiir shii)S, and the portage, occanionrd by the Fall.-i of Niagara, which commrnees iiere. H( re ih a large number of huts, sullieient to (piarlir a regiment. QUEENSTOWN, t. Queen Ann's co. iSId. B. from ('liesapeake Bay, and 24 m. NNW. from Elision. QUI':MAH0NIN(;, t. Somerset eo. Pa. QUIORETARO, city of Mexico, and eapitni of the state of the same name, !).'> m. NW. from the city of Mexico. Laf . 20^ 36' N. ; Inn. from W. 2:P U' W. Pop. 4.5,000. It is the most exteirsive manufacturing city of Spanish America QUERETARO, state of Mexico, Imtinded S. by Mexico, W. by Guanaxnato, N. by San Luis Potosi, NE. by Vera Ouz, and SE. hy Pucbla. Lengtli from E. to W. 160 in. mean breadth about 56; area 13,482 s*]. ms. Pop. nearly 800,000. Querctaro lies between lat. 20-^ and 2P ."JO' N. QUIBLETOWN, v. Middlesex co. N.J. G m. N. from New Brunswick. QUICKSAND, r. N. A. runs N. into tlic Columbia, nearly op|)osite to Seal river. QUICOURRE, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 1,000 m. from the Mississippi, QUINCEY, V. Morgan co. 11. QUINCEY, V. -\dams co. 11. QUINCY, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 9 m. SE. from Boston. . Pop. 2,li)2. Here is a quarry of excellent granite, much used ibr building in Boston and the ncughborliood. The Quincy Rail-rond extends from this place to Neponsct river. It is 3 ni. in length, with a single track. It was constructed in 1826, and was the first undertjiking of the kind in America. This is a pleasant town, and is remarkable for having been the birtli-place of two Presidents of tiie U. States, John Adams, and John Quincy Ad- ams. It is at present (1832) tlie residence of the latter. QUINSIGAMOND, or Long Pond, lake, Mass. between Worcester and Shrew8l)ury. It is a beautitiil sheet of water, about 5 m. in lengtli, and from 60 to 100 rods in breadth, and contains a number of small islands. QUINTE, a bay and harbor in the NE. part of Lake Ontario, a little to the W. of Kings- ton, 50 m. long, and from 6 to 12 broad. R. RABUN, NW. eo. Geo. between Chessatce and (^■ltJd100che rivers, having Habersham E. and Hall SE. This is the NW. co. of only that part of Georgia, reclaimed from the In- dians, but is situated near 100 m. E. from the actual NW. angle of Georgia, on Tennessee r. Pop. 2,175. Chief town, Clayton. RACCOON, t. Gallia co. Ohio. RACCOON, isl. in the Atlantic, near thq, coast of S. Carolina, 9 m. long, and 1 \vide. Lon. 7;P 22' W. ; lat. 33^ 3' N. RACCOON CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 6 in. below (Jallipolis. Along the borders ol' this stream, in Atlicns co. arc .A icx CO. N. J. 6 ween Chcssatco nuhcrehain E. W. CO. of only d iroui the In- 111. E. from the on Tennessee r. ton. extensive quarries of stone, from which burr inill-stoncfl of excellent tjudity arc nianufuc- lured. Len|rth .'>() ni. KACCrinfj to(Jeorgia. J.oii. HI-' I'S \\.; lat. aiMT' N. UACCCMJN KKVS,du8l(r of small islands near llie coast of S. ('. Ijoii. 7U^ liV \V.; lat. at- H' N. RACI*: rolNT. eaiK>, on the coast of^Iass. W. of CaiK' Cwl. l.on. Til I'J' W. ; lut. IJ^ 4' N. HACK, //«irrr, small isl. near llu coast of Va. I.OI1. 75^ .W \V. ; lal. 'M ilW M. RACK, I'ltjirr, small isl. m ar the coast ol" Va. Lon. 7;-)- 15' W.; lal. 37-^ il6' N. RAt.'KHT, r. N.Y. rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows N. into the St. Law- rence, 2 m. above St. R('j.fis. RACK ETON, v. in Louisville, N. Y. at the head of battcau navig-ation on Racket river, ^0 m. from its confluence with the St. Lawrence, 25 m. E. from Ogdeiisburg. RAIIWAY, t Essex co. N. J. 5 m. SW. from Elizabethtown. Pop. L'JbS. HAH WAY, small river or creek of Essex and Middlesex cos. N. J. lalls into Staten Island Sound, 4 m. from Newark Hay. RALNY LAKE, lake, N. America, divided by an istlimus near the middle, into two ])arts. The W. part is eailcHl the Great Rainy J^ake, the E. the Little Rainy Lake, being the least division. The broadest jiart of it is not more than 2U m. ; its length, including both, about 300 ui. In the \V. part the water is very clear and good, and sonic excellent lish are taken in it. A great many fowls resort here in fiic tall. Moose deer are to be found in great plenty, and likewise the Carraboo, whose skin is high- ly valued as a material for tlie fabrication of breeehes and gloves. RAINY RIVER, r. II. which rises near the W. border of Indiana, flows WNW. and joins the Illinois. RAISIN, r. Michigan Territory, flows into tlie W. end of Lake Eric. R.VISIN, r. iMichigan Territory, flows into Lake Michigan, 16 ni. N. from Barbicc. It derives its name from the great quantities of grapes found on its banks. RAISIN ISLES, in Lake St. Francis, U. C. lie between tlie mouth of the river aux Raisins and the point of tliat name ; they arc small and rocky. RAISINS, Riviere Aux, runs through the townshijM of Osnabruck, Cornwall, and Char- lottenburg, cm|)tying itself into Lake St. Fran- cis, near the SE. angle of the latter, in Corn- wall CO. U. C. RALEIGH, metropolis of N.C. in Wake co. 10 m. from Wake court-house, 27 NVV. from Smithfield, the nearest jwint of navigation, 57 S. from Warrenton, 60 N. from Fayettcville, 164 SSW. from Ricimiond, and 270 from W. Lon. 78=' 48' W.; lat. 3.>= 47' N. Pop. 1,700. It contains a state-house, a court-house, a jail, a governor's houi>e, a miirket-liousc, u thcatj:c, 8Y RAC— HAN state hank, and 385 a branch of anothrr, 2 academit s, 1 fur males and 1 for females, 3 ehurehi's, nnd .'i or 4 |irintiiig-olKecs. Thu site is a pleasant and elevated one. Union S|uare, containing 1(1 acres, occupies the cen- tre of the ti)\Mi. l''r(im the sides of this H(|uaro extend I slre( ts, each 'J'J i'vt-l wide, whieii di- vide tlie town into 4 quarters. The state- house stands in the ei ntre of Union Sjuare, and is a sii|K'rb cdilice ol" brick. RALl'.KMI, v. L Dion eo. Ken. on the Ohio river, .'J m. belnw tlie mouth ot" Wabasii, and 1(1 l>v water alioxe Siiawncetowii. K.\.\l AH, V. Wilkiiuson r(..(;eo.:{.1 m. soutli- wardly liom .Milieilgeville. RA'MAI'AU(;H, small river, Hergcn co. N.. I. rises iu N.Y. in Roekland ca flows S. into N. .1. and joins Long Point and Pe(|uanock rivers at Pom|iton, to lorm Pompton rivet. RA.MAPAU(JH, iron works, and [Nt, Hock- land CO. N. Y. on liama|mugli river, 35 m. nearly N. fiom tlie city of New York. RAMAPO, or Hingwood, r. in N. Y. and N.J. a branch of the Passaic. -Length 23 m. RAMAPO WORKS, v. in Hemiwtead, N. Y. on RaniaiK) river, 40 m. N. from N. Y- This is a considerable village, containing ex- tensive iron works, and some mills. RAM ISLAND, isl. in Long Island Sound, ii(!ar Southold on Long Island. RAMSEY'S FERRY, v. Livingston co. Ken. RANDALLSTOWN, v. 42 m. from W. RANDALLSVILLE, v. 88 111. SSW. from Raleigh. RANDOLPH, t. Orange co. Vt. 12 m, WSW. from Chelsea, 23 S. from Montiiclier, 38 N. from Windsor. Pop. 2,743. This is a valuable agricultural town, and hiu a village containing an academy, and a Congregational nieeting-honse. There is on extensive bed of iron ore in this town. It is watered by tlie branches of \Vhito river, and has valuable mills and iron works. RANDOLPH, t Norfolk co, Mass. 15 iq. S. from Boston. Pop. 2,200. RANDOLPH, t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,443. RANDOLPH, t. Coos co. N. H. Pop. 143. RANDOLPH, CO. NW. part of Va. bound- ed N. by Monongalia eo. E. and SE. by Pen- dleton to. SW. by Greenbrier and Kcnhawa COS. and W. by Harrison co. It is watered by the head waters of the Monongahela. Pop. .\000, of whom 374 arc colored. Chief town, Beverly. RANDOLPH, CO. N. C. bouadcd by Moore SE. Montgomery S. Rowan W. Guilford N. and Chatham E. It is 36 in. square. It is drained by Deep river; and by White and Uwharee, branches of Yadkin river. Its eaat- ern borders are about 55 in. W. from Raleigh. Pop. in 1820, 11,325; in 1830, 12,400. Chief town, Ashborougli. RANDOLPH, one of the southern towns of Portage eo. Ohio. Pop. 688. RANDOLPH, t. Montgomery co. dbb. Pop. 1,458. Baltimore co. Md. Robeson 00. N. C ^• 38G RAN— IIKU UANI)OI,l*H, CO. III. JKiundcil by the Htiito of Ohio K. Wiiynu co. in In. S. liy lltnry and Dcluwiiro \V. ami IIk! Fiuhiiii country on the N. L(!ii|Ttli iilon;r Ohio 'Mi in. iiu'iin wi(hi: l.l, area .541) S(|. in. .VlisHiHsiiiiwii l)r.ini;h of Wa- baHh, and VVIiilo river hruncii of Miami, rise in thiB CO. Cliicf lown, WinchcsUr. I'op. in iwao, i,rt()H; ill i«:ji), :»,<(1:». RANDOIJMI, CO. il. iKjmid.d by the MiH- iiiHsi|i|ii river ."^W. Monroe co. W. Sl.Chiir ami Wiisliinirton N. .lellersoii anil l''ranidin I'), ami Jackson SK. Ijeiiirlh ^1 in. mean width !(>. Kasloiskias river |>ai«scK through, and enters the Misiiissi|i|>i ill, this CO. ('Iiief town, Kas- kaskias. Fop. in 1«:2(», :i,'lU'i; in 1830, \,VMi. ' RANDOM, t. Ksscx co. Vt58 in. NE, from Mont[>elier. Fop. 1 ().'). RANSOM'S IJRllxa:, V. Halitlix co. N. C. RAPID ANN, r. Vu. rises in tlio Hluc Ridge, ill Madison and Orange cos. between which, the main brancli by tlie name of don- way river, Aowb SE. to the SE. Mountain : turns tiicnce NE. between Madison and Or- ange, and between Orange and CJuliiciKjr, and afterwards between Culpeiier and Spottsylva- RAYMOND, t. Rockingham co. N. If. Pop- l,(l(l(t. "^ KAY Nil AM, t. Uristo! co. MasH. on Tniin- ton river, ."» in I',, t'roin Taunton, 3:2 S. from Hostoii. Fo|). !,!.'()!•. Large quantities of ex- cellent iron on; are found in this town; and eonsideraiile (luantities of bar iron, hollow ware, nails, shoviils, Ac. are nianufaetureds, flowering shruhs, and small willows, have taken root u|)on the surface of this timber, niui flourish above the waters. But in all tlicsc places the courses of the river, its outline, and its Iwnds, are distinctly marked by a margin of forest trees, which grow here on the banks in the same manner as they do where the channel is open. It is an impediment uf iiicalciilablt^ in- jury to the navigation of this nohio rivec, and the immense extent of fine country alxsvo it. 'I'liere is, prohahly, no part of the United States where the iiiuiceii|)icd lamls have higher claims, from soil, climate, intermixture of prairies and timbered laiifevv|)ort river; .33 m. .S\V. from .Sa- vannah, 692 from W. It contains about 40 houses. RICEVILLE, V. Rowan co. Ten. RICIIARDSONVILLF; v. Edirefield dis- trict, S. C. 74 m. W. from Cohiml)ia. RICHELIEIT, CO. T-. C. on St. Lawrence and Richelieu rivers, and extendinij SE. from the former, to the N. Iniundary ot" Vermont. RICHFIELD, NE. t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. G-W. RICHFIELD, t. Otseffo co. N. Y. 13 m. NW. from Coopcrstown, 73 VV. from Albany. Pop. I,7.'i2. RICHFORD, t. Franklin co. Vt. 18 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 704. RICHFORD, v. Tiofra co. N. Y. RICH HIT,L, t. in the eastern part of Mus- kingum CO. Ohio. Pop. 1,363. RICHHILL, t. Greene co. Pa. RICHLAND, central district of S.C. on the peninsula between the Watcreo and Con2:aree rivers, with Fairfield and Kershaw districts N. Length 40 m. mean width 12. Chief town, Columbia. RICHLAND, CO. Ohio, bounded N. by Hu- ron, E. by Wayne, S. by Knox, and W. by Marion and Crawford cos. It is 30 m. square. Chief town, Mansfield. Pop. in 1820, 9,169 ; in 1830, 24,007. RICHLAND, V. Onslow co. N. C. RICHLAND, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on E. end of Lake Ontario, S.'j m. NW. from Utica. Pop. 2,733. Belmont co. Ohio, RICHMAN'S ISLAND, «ma!l Island ort the coast of .Muiiic, 3 m. \. from Portland.. inCIIMOM), t. <'hiltenden eo. Vl. 'JH m. \V.N\V. from .Montpelier, 499 from W. Pop. 1,109, RICHMOND, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. IHI. RICHMOND, t. Cheshire co. N. II. RICHLAND, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 3,747. RICHLAND, t. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,664. RICHLAND, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Poi). 1,537. RICHLAND, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,824. RICHLAND, district, central part of S. C. Pop. 11,465, Chief town, Columbia. RICHLAND, r. Ten. It passes by Pulaski, and is navigable from that town to its junction with Elk river, 12 in. Length 70 m. RICHLAND, V. Giles co. Ten. 12 ni. S. from Kcene, 88 WSW. from Portsmouth. Pop. I, .'KM. RKWIMOXD, t. B. rkshire co. Mass. 7 m. W. from f.enox, 10 WSW. from Piltstield, i;)(l W. from Most.m. Pop. H||. incnMOND, t. Washington no. R. LIH 111. \V. from N( \v|)ort. Pop. i,3()2. RICHMOND, V. and seat of justice. Rich- mond eo. N. Y. near the ctintrc; of Staten Isl- and, 6 in. .SW. from the Lazaretto. RICHMOND, t. h' uate on the head of a small stream, to which it gives name, alKnit 2 m. W. of Delaware river, in Northampton co. Pa. RICiniOND.t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop.231. RR'HMOND, CO. N. Y. oecupyintr nil .Staten Island. Pop. 7,0t<4. Chief town, Rich, iiinnd. RK^iniOND, CO. Va. bounded N. by West- moreland eo. NE. by Westmoreland and Nortli- unilKTland eos. ,SIO. by Lancaster eo. and SW. by the Ra|)pnhannoek. Pop. 6,056. RICHMOND, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Hem. lock and Honeoyc Lakes, 15 m. SW. Iroia ('anandaigiia. Pop. 1,876. RICHMOND, city, iwrt of entry, and mc tro|)olis of Virginia, in Henrico co. on the .V. side of James river, Iwtween 50 and 60 m. Iiy the course of the river, above City Point, and 150 in. from its mouth, immediately below tlui F;il!s, at the head of tide-water, and opposite Manchester, with which it is connected by 3 bridges; 25 m. N. from Petersburg, 123 m. \V. of S. from W. Lon. 77° 31' W. ; lat. 37° 30' N. The situation is alike picturesque, salii- brious, and beautiful. The jiosition is I'avorn- hlc for commerce, it being the natural deptof tobacco, wheat, and hemp, raised in the popu- lous country watered by the river. An abun- dance of mineral coal is cheaply conveyed to it. It contains 13 public buildings, and 8 churches, together with a number of respecta- ble manufactories. The Ca|)itol, the Peniten- tiary, and the beautiful church raised on the ruins of the theatre, in tho conflagration of which 70 citizens perished, are beautiful ami cons|)icuous erections. The new Court-Housc is also a spacious and elegant building. The Virginia Armory is an extensive establish- ment. The river has been rendered boatiblc 230 111. alxive the city. This town owns a re- spectable amount of shipping, and is one of the most flourishing places in the state. Pop. in 1*20, 12,046; in 1830, 16,085. RICHMOND, CO. N. C. bounded by S. Carolina SW. Yadkin river W. Montgomery and Moore N. Cumberland E. and Rolieson SE. Length 45 m. Chief town, Rocking- ham. Pop. in 1820, 7,537 ; in 1830, 9,326. RICHMOND, CO. Geo. Chief town, Au- gusta. Pop. 11,644. -%- » RIC— ROC :m bounded by S. W. Montgomery E. and Robeson town, Rocking- n 1830, 9,326. Chief town, Au- RICHMOND, V. Wnynn co. In. 63 m. K. from lnclinnn[M)li«. RICHMOND, V. imd m%n of jiislic.-, .Madi- Hon CO. Ken. 30 ni. HKK. from Lcxiiiutnii, .'i.'J 8E. from Frunkfort, und 537 from \V. Pop. 947. RICHMOND, C. II. Richmond co. Va. 6U m. NE. from Richmond. RICHMOND, V. Henry CO. AI. RICHMOND, t. Rons ro. Ohio, on Salt crcHik, 14 m. SE. from ChilHcothc. Pop- —'• RU;HM0NDVH,LE, v. Scholmrio co. N. Y. .36 m. wcHtrrly from Albany. RICHVVtK)DS, V. Morgan co. Va. D8 m. NVV. from W. RIDEAU, river of Canada, a BOUtJiern branch of the Ottawa. RIIKJE, V. St. Mnrv'8 co. Md. RIIKJE, V. FAlffcfuId ()' N. ROANOKE, r. N. C. which is formed by the union of the Staunton and the Dan, tho former of which rises in Virginia, and the lat- ter in N. Carolina, and flows into Albemarle .Sound. Lat. .3.P 5H' N. It is navigable for vessels of eoiisidcralile burden 3(1 or 40 m. and tor lioats of 3(1 or 40 tons to the Falls, 70 m. and for boats of 5 tons for the distance of 200 in. above the Falls. ROANOKE, Little, r. Va. which runs into the Staunton, ROANOKE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 150 m. SW. from Richmond. ROANOKE INLET, channel on the coast of N. Carolina, which leads into Albemarle Sound. ROARING RIVER, r. Ten. which runs into the Cumberland, below 01)cds. ROBBINSTON, t. Washington co. Mc. 490 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 616. ROHERTSON, co. Ten. bounded by Ken- tucky N. Sumner E. Davidson S. Dickson SW. ind Montgomery VV. Length 40 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Springfield. Pop. in 1820, 9,!)3S; in 1830, 1.3,302. KOHESON, CO. N. C. bounded by S. Caro- Una S\V^ Richland eo. VV. ("umberland N. Bladen E. Columbus SE. Length 33 m. mean width 25. Chief town, Luinljerton. Pop. in 1820, 8,204 ; in 1830, 9,355. R(K;HELliFJ, New, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on Long Island Sound, 21 m. NNE. from New York. Pop. 1,274. Here is an academy. ROCHESTER, t. Strafford co. N. II. on W. ill ?',•'■ i 800 ROC— ROC i •uh of flolmon Fall river, 5W m. NW. fVom I'orl'imoiith. Pop. 'J, I. W. Ntur tlui cciifrfiof thr town, tlicrr Ih u villiiifo ciillnl Norway riainM, roiituiitini; a iiicrtiiiir-lmuM-, a court- houMi, 50 or 0() (Jw-cllinit-hotiHCH, and Miwirul utoroii. Thoro in uImu u cotton inaiiulactory in the town. |{(M;IIESTER, t. UlBtcr CO. N. Y. Pop. 9,4^0. R(X;HESTKR, L Windsor co. Vt 44 ni. NW. froiri WindHor. Pop. 1,392. R(X;HF-STKR, v. Monroe co. N. Y. nt Urn Fall* of Cioncucc, 7 m. from Luke OntJirio, in tho tliird town in |ioint of |)o|)idiition in tliin state, and tinH liad tiiu moHt Hiidden (rrowtii of any town in America. In 1H12 it wuh one wido and deep IbreHt. In IHIH, it contained l.Oi!) iidiahitnntH ; in IH^I), l,5()ij; in lH:J5, 5,271 ; in 1830, 9,20!). Parts of the town are very handHonicly huilt. Tliero arc 7 rcHpccta- ble public huildui|Ts, and 12 cliurchcH. Thir- teen lar^c tlour-niills, with 52 run of atones, can annually make 342,000 barrels of flour. Some of tlieitc mills are on a scale of nia^ni- tudo not equalled elHcwhero in tlie world. One of them covers morn than ' acres, and all arc considered unrivalled in the ()crti-ction of tlicir machinery. Fit\een million feet of lumber arc sawed or rafted hero annually. There arc a number of factories and mechanical estab- lishmcnts, some on a large scale. The water- power is ahuost inexhaustible. Tho aqueduct over the Genesee at this place is one of the most gigantic works on the canal line. At the northern extremity of the town, the Gcncnee foils 90 feet. At Carthage, two miles distant, it falls 70 feet. Still another noble cascade of tho Genesee, close by this town, will be long R()(;nK.STER, t. Plymotith co. Maw. on Uuz/.ard'M Hay, 20 m. SW. from PlyrllOllt)^ 4h S. froiti iioNton. Pop. 3/),'ilT 801 en. Mam. on Plymoullu4'^ :o. Ohio. I'()|i. . Tion(r Ixluntl, \tluiitir coHxt. mt of ituniiiivr N.J. <>n lldck- ! I'UHIMlir, " III, niitaiiiM a Pmh- a nilliiiK-iiiill. f\i tlm villajjc. Diiiidwl Ity tin- iilierht ciiti. SK. W. Iklli N\V. III. mean widtli ,li river, liruiu li it lilt! t(«t ot'tlur miglu of till' CO. , li;iU. Chief jn. bouiuled hy aln and (iiirrard E. Len({lli -•'• )wn, MdUiil Ver- which runs SVV. c Long SlioaU. ). N.C. /iiH CO. Oliio, 7 m. in the roud from imrtofthc Iwund- Nidsoii COB. Va. n tlie nortli. Md. on the E. jclly opiioBite llic dham co. Vt. on in Windsor. ?o^, partofN.Hami)- ford CO. E. by the i,andW.byHiU»- liief towns, PorU- utral part of Va. Shenandoah cos. arle cos. SVV. by by Pendleton co. larrisonburg. side of N.C. Pop. roll CO. and is wa- ! a mineral spriii;{ much resorted to. Jcap. Richmond co. |in, 55 WSW. from It contains about bounded NVV. by L, and SW. by N. \c{ town, Clarks- co. N.Y. W. of lalifax CO. N. C. at tin held of the (irrai Faili of the Rounuke, r.J|iM)ine iiiiiiiiirn(:lori(n,anit th<- iiioutii of KiH^ky river, C'liyiilioga <..>. < lliio. Poik .'Mil. lUHKPOUT, V. SpliH. R(K"KVILLi:, V. MonlfToinory co. Md. H(K;KV1I,I,I'; v. Frederick co. Va. R- buildinff is carrieil on here to some extent. RtK;KY liILL MILLS, v. Fauriuier co. Virginia. RtK-KY ISIiANI), large rock in tlic river Detroit, coin|)oscd of iinic-stonc. ROCKY MOUNT, t. and cap. Franklin co Va. 2.'j in. N. from Martinsville, 375 from W. ROCJKY MOUNT, v. Nash co. N.C. R(K;KY MOUNTAINS, or Stony Moun- tains, long and broad range of mountains, N. America. Lon. lia^ W. They divide the waters which tlow K. into the Missouri and Mississippi, from those which flow W. into tlic Pacific Ocean. ROl'KY RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into Lake Eric, 9 in. W. of the Cuyahoga. ROCKY RIVER, r. N.C. which runs into the Yadkin. ROC^KY RIVER, V. Cuyahoga co. Oiiio. ROCKY SPRINGS, v. Rockingham co. N.C. RODMAN, t Jefferson co. N. Y. 160 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. l.'JOl. ROEBUCK ISLAND, amall isL at E. ex- tremity of Lake Ontario. ROGERSMILLS, v. Saratoga co. N. Y. ROGER'S POINT, capo on W. side of Lake Huron. Lon. 82° 45' W.; lat 44= 19' N. ROGERSVILLE, t and cap. Hawkins co. Ten. on the Ilolston, 65 m. ENE. from Knox- ville, 451 from W. It is pleasantly situated in Carter's Valley, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, and a printing-ofilcc. Nine miles SW. of the town there are extensive salt- works. ROGERSVILLE, t. Pendleton district, S. C, ROGERSVILLE, v. Person co. N. C. 96 m NNW. from Raleigh. ROME, V. Ashtabula co. Ohio. ROME, L Kennebeck co. Me. 22 m. NNW. from Augusta. Pop. 883. . ROME, t Oneida co. N.Y. 108 m. WNW. from A ')any. Pop. 4,3G0. It is situated on the Erie Cona], 16 in. W. from Utica. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, contains a court- house, a jail, several churclice, and uu uxsciiol, The coiirlH of the ('f)iiiily are hild ulteriiatcly hcrr uiid ,it W liiti HlM)roii^h. R<».M.\I',V, I. iiiid cap. Iliinipxhire en. Va. on F. )-i Poloiiiar, 45 III W. V .N. from Wimhiitir, l!»(l NW. from Uichiiu,,,/!; II'J from W. It is a haiidwiiiio village, coiitiiiiiin;; '2 chiirehi'R, an ueadeiiiy, a liiiiik, tiid ulMtiit IKlll iidmhitiiiits. A weekly newRpa[K r i^ also puliliHliid hi re. ROMFLl S, (. H< nr. 1, r„. N. V. on W.aido ofCayiHrii Luke, 111 iii. N. from Ovid, 200 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,IIH!). It in a VRliiablo ngriciilturul town, and hus some nianutao- toricH. R().NK<>NKAMA,small lake in the central |iurt of liOiig Island, iH'twrcn HriKikhuven and Islip; .U III. F. from New York; aliout 3 m. in circumference, and very deep. It is remark- uhle for U'iiig siiliject to a r(');uhir rise and fall, each of which continues 7 years. It abounds in fish. ROOT, V. Montgomery co. N.Y. 46m.NW. from Albuiiy. Pop. )i,irM. ROOTSTOWN, t. Portage co. Ohia Pop. Gsi. ROSC^OMMON, V. Steuben co. N.Y. ROSE, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 978. ROSEAU, or Chiirlottetowii, ca|»ital of the island of Martinico, on tlie SW. side of the island. ROSE ISLAND, isl. stretching from Pen- sacola eastward along the coast of Florida, about GO niiks. It is generally less Uian half a mile wid*-, sandy, and barren. ROSE MILLS, V. Amherst co. Va. R(JSFVILLF, v. Delaware co. N.Y. ROSEVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va. 158 m.N. from Riclimoiid, and 35 NW. by W. from W. ROSEVILLE, V. Parke co. In. 109 ni. west- erly from Indiana])olis. ROSS, t. (Jrcenc co. Ohio, 51 m. SW.by W- froni Columbus. Pop. 1,258. ROSS, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,845. ROSS, CO. Ohio, watered by the Scioto. Pop. 24,053. C;iiief town, Chillicothe. ROSSIE, t St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. 650. ROSSVILLE, V. Orange co. N.Y. ROSSVILLE, V. Butler cd. Ohio, on the Great Miami, opiiositc Hamilton. Pop. 629. ROSSVILLE, t. New Madrid district, Miso. ROSSVILLE, V. Cherokee Nation, on the S. side of Tennessee river, 4 or 5 miles below tlie mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 SSW. from Washington, Ten. ROUGE RIVER, r. Michigan Ter. which runs into Detroit river, 5 in. below Detroit. It is navigable for vessels drawing 16 feet water 4 miles, to the dock-yard, thence for boats drawing 3 feet water 8 miles. ROUGH CREEK, r. Ken. which runs mto Green river. ROULANDSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. ROUND TOP, a iieak of tliu Catskill Moun- tains, N. Y., W. of Catskill. Height 3,804 feet. ROl'ND KEY, small isl. near the coast of Mississippi. Lon. 88° 28' W. ; lat. 30° 15' N. ROUND LICK, V. Smith ca Ten. ti .i&- •' 30i< ' m^ ROU-RUT ROUSE'S POINT, V. Clinton co. N. Y. on the W. cape at tlie outlet of* Lake Champloiii, 186 in. N. from Albany. ROWAN, CO. N. C. bounded S. by Mont- gomery and Cabarras, W. by Jrcdcll, N. by Surrey and Stokes, and E. by Guiltbrd and Randolph. Lcnjufth 40 m. mean width 3(5. Cliicf town, Lexington. Pop. in 1820, 26,009 ; in 18.30, 20,796. ROWE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 17 m. NW. from Springfield, 103 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 716. ROVVLETT, V. Potter co. Pa. 181 m. NNVV. from Harrisburg. ROWLEY, t. Essex co. Mass. 4 m. N. from Ipswich, 15 m. N. from Salem, 28 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,044. It contains 2 parishes. The principal employment is agriculture ; bu' leather and shoes arc manufactured to some extent ROXBOROUGH, t and cap. Person co. N. C. 271 m. from W. ROXBURY, t Washington co. Vt. 45 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 737. ROXBURY, t. Cheshire co. N.H. 37 m. SW. from Concord. Pop. 332. ROXBURY t. Norfolk co. Mass. 2 m. SW. from Boston, ot" which it is in reality a suburb. Pop. 5,249. ROXBUR/, t, Litchfield co. Ct. 35 m. NW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,122. ROXBURY, t. Delaware co. N.Y. 56 m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,214. ROXBURY, t. Morris co. N. J. 45 m. N. from Trenton. Pop. 2,262. ROXBURY, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 707. ROXBURY, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 4 m. NE. from Kcene. Pop. 3Q2. ROXBURY, t Litchfield co. Ct. 16 m. W. of S. from Litchfield. Pop. 1,122. ROYAL, V. Sampson co. N. C. ROYAL, isl. of Lake Superior. ROYAL OAK, v, Oakland co. Mich. ROYALTON, t. Windsor co. Vt. on White river, 33 m. S. from Montpelier, 29 m. NNW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,893. Here is a pleasant village, containing an academy. ROYALTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 36 m. NNW. from Worcester, 70 WNW. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,494. ROYALTON, t Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 3 138 ' ROYALTON, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. W. from Lancaster. RUCKERSVILLE, v. Elbert co. Geo. 80 m. NE. from Millcdgeville. RUMFORD, t. Oxford co. Me. 20 m. N. from Paris, 215 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,126. RUMFORD, r. Mass. which runs SSE. mto Taunton river, S. of Taunton. RUMFORD ACADEMY, v. King William CO. Va. RUMNEY, t Graflon co. N. H. 7 m. NW. from Plymouth, 50 N. from Concord. Pop. 993. RUPERT, t. Bennington co. Vt. 32 m. N. from Bennington. Poj). 1,318. RUPERT, Fort, in N. America, belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company, seated on the S. end of Hudson's Bay. Lon. 80° W,; lat, 51° 3' N. RUSH, CO. In. bounded S. by Decatur, W. by Shelby, NW. by Madison, N. by Henry, E, by Fayette, and SE. by Franklin. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief town, Rushville. Pop. 9,918. RUSH, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 2,109. RUSH CREEK, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. RUSH CREEK, r. Ohio, which joins tlie Hockhocking, 7 m. below Lancaster. RUSHFORD, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 1,115. liUSHVILLE, V. in Middlesex t. on the road from Bath to Canandaigua, Ontario co. N.Y. RUSHVILLE, V. on Rush creek, in the eastern part of Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. by E. from Lancaster. Pop. 234. RUSHVILLE, V. and seat of justice, Rush CO. In. on Flat Rock creek, 43 m. SE. by E. from IndianapoUs, 553 from W. RUSSELL, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. from Springfield, 102 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 509. RUSSELL, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 25 m. SE. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 659. RUSSELL, CO. SW. part of Va. bounded N. by Kentucky, ENE. by Tazewell co. SSE, b}' Washington co. and W. by Lee co. Pop. 6,717, Chief town, Lebanon. RUSSELLVILLE, t. and cap. Logan co. Ken. .55 m. NNE. from Nashville, 200 SW. from I-exington, 711 from W. Pop. 1,358. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acade- my, several churches, and 2 printing-offices. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Brown co. Ohio. RUSSELLVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Franklin co. Al. on Cedar creek, branch of Bear creek, 25 m. S. from Florence, 90 N. from Tuscaloosa, and 804 from W. RUSSIA IRON WORKS, v. Clinton co. N.Y. RUSSIA, t. Herkimer co. N.Y. 26 m.N. from Herkimer. Pop. 2,448. RUTHERFORD, co. of N. C. bounded by S. C. S. Buncombe W. Burke N. and Iiincoln E. Length 40 m. width 25. Pop. 17,557. Chief town, Rutherfordton. RUTHERFORD, co. Ten. bounded by Bed- ford S. Williamson SW. Davidson NW. Wil- son NE. and Warren E. Length 30 m. width 22. Chief town, Murfreesborough. Pop. in 1820, 19,5.52; in 183^, 26,133. RUTHERFORDTON, t. and cap. Ruther- ford CO. N. C. 45 m. S. from Morgantown, 220 W. from Raleigh, and 484 from W. RUTLAND, t. and cap. Rutland co. Vt on the Otter Creek, 55 m. from its mouth, 45 W. by N. from Windsor, 57 N. from Bennington, 60 SSW. from MontpeUer, and 462 from W. Pop. 2,753. In tlie central part of the town there is a pleasant village, situated on a com- manding eminence. It contains a court-house, a meeting-hoi"" , and an academy, and hab some trade. RUTLAND, V. and t Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 971. ri % RUT— SAI S9a sated on llic ((P W. ; lat. Iccatur, W. (V Henry, E. Length 24 hville. Pop. Pop. 2,109. ). Ohio, ich joins the ■ter. ,.N.y. Pop- BOX t. on the a, Ontario CO. creek, in the io, 10 m. NE. 4. f iustice. Rush 3m.SE.byE. ivlasB.14m.W. . from Boston. co.N.Y.25m. 659. , . of Va. bounded azcwell CO. SSE. )y Lee CO. Pop. 'cap. Log»°,^°- hville, 200 SW. , Pop. 1,358. It 1 bank, an acade- jrinting-ofiiccs. jvn CO. Ohio. , Bcat of justice, ;rcck, branch of ■cnce,90N.from 3^ V. Clinton co. N.Y. 26 m.N. ?J . C. bounded by N. and Lincoln 5. Pop. 17,557. . bounded by Bcd- vidsonNW.WJ- ngth 30 m. width orough. Pop. >n ;ndcap.Ruther. Morgantown, 5W" omW. Rutland CO. yt. on [its mouth, 45 W. Ifrom Bennington. land 462 from W. 1 part of the town ktuated on a coni- [ins a court-house. Icademy, and hat. ligs CO. Ohio. Po^ RUTLAND, CO. W. side of Vt. bounded N. by Addison co. E. by Windsor co. S. by Ocn- nington co. and VV. by New York* and Lake Chainplain. Pop. 31,295. Ciiief town, Rut- land. RUTLAND, t. Worcester eo. Mass. 14 m. NW. from Worcester, 52 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,276. RUTLAND, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Llack river, 170 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,3.1'). RUTLEDCJE, t. and cap. tiranger co. Ten. 30 m. NE. from KnoxvilK-, 483 from W. R YE, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 7 m. S. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,172. RYE, t. Westchester co. N. Y. on liong Island Sound, 28 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 1,602. RYEGATE, t. Caledonia co. Vt. on the Connecticut, 15 ni. S. from Danville, 28 E. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,119. S. SABA, isl. of the West Indies, 12 m. in circumference, inhabited by a few Dutch fami- lies. Lon. 63^ 17' W. ; lat. 17= 39' N. SABINE, r. which forms the western bound- ary of the state of Louisiana, and flows into the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 93=' 37' W. ; hit. 29° 23' N. It is nAvigable about 280 miles. Near its mouth it passes through a lake of the same name, which is about 25 m. long, and 12 wide. SABINE LAKE, is the estuary of the Sa- bine and Natchez rivers; it is about 30 m. long, and 8 or 10 wide, communicating witii the gulf of Mexico by a narrow ehaimel of 4 or 5 m. in length, and al)out 400 yards wide. This lake is very shallow, generally about 5 or 6 feet in depth ; and near tlie shores, it is still shallower. SABLE, r. N. Y. which rises in Essex co, and runs NE. into Lake Champlain, forming tor 20 m. the boundary between Clinton and Erbcx cos. Length 35 m. Adgate's Falls on tiiis river, in Chesterfield, are a beautiful cas- cade, and are visited by numerous travellers. SABLE, Cape, most S. point of Nova Scotia, near which is a fine cod fishery. Lon. 65"^ 39' W.; lat. 43=23' N. SABLE ISLE, isle nearly adjoining to Sa- ble Cape ; the coasts of both are most conimo- diously situated for fisheries. SABLE MOUNTAIN, mt. Essex co. N. Y. between Jay, Chesterfield, Lewis, and Wills- borough. SABOIS, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 142 m. N. from Portland. , N. Y. runs E. into the Length 80 m. in Westbrook, Cumber- SACANDAGA, r Hudson, in Hadley. SACARAPPA, V, land CO. Maine. SACKET'S HARBOR, v. and port of entry, Jefferson co. N. Y. at the mouth of Black river, on Hungry Bay, and E. end of Lake Ontario, 176 m. NW. from Albany. It is one of the beat harbors on the lake, and is rapidly in- creasing in population and commerce; con- "'dcrablo shipping is owned here. There are 2Z U. S. barracks here sufficient for 3,000 troopa. Distonce from W, 470 m. S.\(^0, t. and port of entry, York co. Me. on NE. side of the river Saco, opjwsite Biddc- ford, with which it is connected by 3 bridges, 15 m. SW. from Portland, 28 NE. from York, 100 NNE. from Boston, 530 from W. Pop. 3,219, It is a considerable town, favorably situated for lra tion here during the late war. ST. JOHN'S, the capital of Newfoundland, is on tlie SE. coast of the isl. It contains about 13,000 inhabitants. In Feb. 1816, a dreadful fire destroyed 117 houses. In Nov. 1817, two still more dreadful conflagrations laid waste nearly the whole of the town. Not less than half a million sterling of proiierty was de- stroyed in a few hours. Lat. 47° 35' N. ST. JOHN'S, r. the principal river of East Florida. Its sources have not been exactly ascertained, but it is supposed to issue from Lake Mayaco, between lat 26° and 27° N. It runs N. parallel with the Atlantic coast, ex- panding into several lakes, particularly Lake George, which is 20 miles long and 15 wide, and embosoms several islands. Within 20 m. of its mouth the river turns to the E. and falls into the Atlantic, near lat 30° N. 36 m. S. St. Mary's. Its whole length is al)out 300 m. and it is navigable for vessels which can pass the bar at its mouth, for 150 m. to Lake George. The bar has 10 feet of water at low tide, and 13 feet at high water, and there is g(x)d an- chorage outside of the bar for large vessels. ST. JOHN'S, r. Miso. which flows into the S. side of the Missouri, E. of (Jasconade river. ST. JOHN'S, r. N. America, which rises from several sources in the northern part of the state of Maine, flows through New Brunswick, and empties Itself into the Bay of Fundy, It is 350 miles long, and navigable for sloops 60 miles, and for Iwats 200. ST. JOHNSBURY, t Caledonia co. Vt 7 m. NE. from Danville, 35 NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,592. Here is u pleasant village, situ- ated on the Pasunisuc, containing valuable mills, togetlier with some manufactories, and trade. ST. JOSEF, t Cuba, 125 m. WSW. fVom Havana. ST. JOSEF, t New Mexico, on the Bravo, 27 m. NW. from Santa F6. ST. JOSEPH, t. Florida, in a bay of the Gulf of Mexico, to which it gives name. Lon. 85° 34' W. ; lat 29° 48' N. 396 SAI— SAI ST. JOSEPH'S, Biiiall bay, Florida, to the W. of Apalachicola Bay, within 4 miles of which its waters approach. ST. JOSEPH'S, isl. U. C. in the straits of St Mary's, which connect Lake Sujxjrior with Lake Huron. It is about 75 miles in circum- ference, and is separated by a channel from Drummond's Island at the mouth of the river. On tlie S. point of the island is the site of a British fort destroyed during the last war, and near it an establishment of the NW. Fur Company. ST. JOSEPH'S, r. In. and Michigan, which runs N W. into SE. part of Lake Michigan. It is upwards of 200 miles long, and navigable for boats nearly its whole lengtli. Fort St. Joseph is built upon it, 170 m. WSW. from Detroit ST. JOSEPH'S RIVER, r. In. which runs S. and unites with the St. Mary's, at Fort Wayne, to form the Maumee. ST. JUAN DE BUENAVISTA, t Cuba, on the N. coast Lon. 77° 57' W. ; lat. 22° 2'N. ST. LANDRE, or Opclousas, t. La. ST. LAWRENCE, one of the largest rivers of N. America, which rises near the sources of tlie Mississippi, and passing through the great lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Onta. rio, falls into the Gulf of St. Lawrence by a mouth 90 miles wide. That part of it only between its mouth and Montreal, is commonly called St Lawrence. Between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, it is called Niagara river, and the parts between the other lakes have other names. It forms a communication of more than 2,000 miles in extent It is navigable for ships of tiie line 400 miles to Quebec, und for ships drawing 14 feet water to Montreal, 580 miles. ST. LAWRENCE, Gulf of, a gulf at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, inclosed be- tween Newfoundland, Labrador, ('anada. New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Island of Cape Breton. It is .350 miles long, and 150 broad. Lon. 57=^ to 65° W. ; lat. 47° 51' N. ST. LAWRENCE, northern co. of N. Y. on St. Lawrence river ; bounded by St. I>iiwrcncc NW. Franklin co. E. Hamilton and llerkiiTicr cos. S. and Herkimer Lewis, and Jefferson SW. Length 60 m. mean width 44. The sur- face is rather uneven, and the soil generally very good. Chief town, Potsdam. Pop. in 1820, 16,037; in 1830, 36,351. ST. LEONARD'S, t Calvert co. Md. on tiic W. side of the Chesapeake Bay, about 10 m. NW. of Drumpoint, 12 NE. of the town of Benedict on the Potomac, and 58 from W. ST. LOUIS, CO. Miso. bounded by Missouri river NW. Mississippi E. Marameck river S. and Franklin co. W. Length 40 m. mean width 15, Pop. in 1820, 10,049 ; in 1830, 14,907. Chief towh, St Louis. ST. LOUIS, t. St. Louis co. and the largest town in Missouri, on W. bank of the Missis- sippi, 18 m. by water below the jmiction of the Missouri, 14 above that of the Marameck, and 856 from W. Lon. 8!»° 36' VV. ; lat 38^ 30' N. Tliu situation of tlie town is elevated, pleasant and healthy. The ground on which it stands rises gradually from the first to the second bank. Thr«;e streets run parallel with the river, and arc intersected by a number of others at right angles. The town extends olong the river about 2 miles. Most of the houses tliat have been added within tlie last ten years, have been of brick or stone. Some of the public buildings arc handsome. There are two re- spectable Protestant churches. The Catholic cathedral was intended to be a magnificent structure ; it is not yet completed. A spacious town-house ii a great ornament to the city. The town has extended itself along the hill, and some of the best houses are on that de- lightful elevation. The houses, in 1820, were reckoned at more than 600. By the census of 1830, it contained 2,503 free males; 1,889 free females ; 1,668 slaves ; 287 free persons of color. Total, 6,694. I'he town was then stationary, or perhaps retrograde. . But since tliat time the lead business has been reanimated by a protecting duly upon foreign lead. The fur trade has received a new impulse. The town has recovered from the shock caused by the failure of its banks. It has at present a branch of the United States bank. A healthy circu- lation has been restored, and the town is now rapidly increasing in business and population. In the year 1818, 100 houses were added to the place. Three or four gazettes are printed here. The passage to New Orleans is 1,200 miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-bouts constantly plying between these two places. There arc also the same number constantly running between this place and Iiouisville, Ix'- sidcs others to different places. See page 148. ST. LOUIS, r. NW. Territory, which flows into W. end of Lake Superior, lon. 91° 52' W.; lat. 46° 44' N. ST. LOUIS' BAY, bay on S. coast of Miss, in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89° 17' W. ; lat. 30° 17' N. ST. MARKS, r. Florida, rising near the mouth of St. John's river, and running thence nearly S. and parallel to the sea-coast. The course of this little but curious stream is about 30 miles, falling into the bay or harbor of St. Augustine, its banks mostly swampy. ST. MARI'lN, one of the Leeward Carib- bean Islands, in the West Indies, lying to the NW. of St. Bartholomew, and to tlie SW. of Anguilla. It is 42 miles in circumference, has neither harbor nor river, but several salt-pits. It wiis long jointly possessed by the French and Dutch ; but at the commencement of tlio late war, the former were expelled by the latter. Lou. 63° W. ; lat 8° 14' N. ST. MARTIN'S, parish of La. in Attakapas, bounded by Opelousas NW. and W. Gulf o. Mexico SW. St. Mary's parish in Attakapas SE. and the Atchafalaya river NE. and E. Length 80 m. breadth 40. Pop. 7,204. Chief town, St. Martinsville. This parish is, through- out its whole extent, an unbroken plain, and the soil is highly fertile in cotton and sugar- cane. , ST. MARTIN'S, v. Worcester co. Md. ST. MARTINSVILLE, t. and cap. St Mar- SAI— SAL 897 ch it stands the second ith the river, of others at s along the houses that 1 years, have if the public arc two rc- The Catholic magnificent . A spacious : to the city. long the hill, 3 on that (le- in 1820, wore the census of les; 1,889 free ;rsons of color, en stationary, nee that time inimated by a 3ad. The fur «3. The town caused by the •esent a branch licaltliy circu- c town is now and population, were added to Ltes arc printed irleans is 1,200 re 6 steam-boats bse two plact's. iber constantly [1 Louisville, Ix;- Sec page 148. )ry, which flows Ion. 91° 52' W.; 3. coast of Miss. B9°17' W.; lat. rising near the running thence sea-coast. The I stream is about or harbor of St. wampy. liCcward Carib- ies, lying to tlie I to the SW. of rcumfercnce, has several salt-pits- I by the French enccment of the lied by the latter. La. in Attakapas, and W. Gulf o, ish in Attakapas ver NE. and E. op. 7,204. Chief arish is, through- )roken plain, and lotton and sugar- 3ster CO. Md. and cap. St. Mar- tin's parish, La. ou the Teche, 9 m. by land and 32 by water above New Iberia, 1,366 from W. Lat 30° 10' N. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, an academy, a Roman Catholic church, and about 100 dwelling-houses. It is situated in a weil-cuttivatcd and productive country. ST. MARY'S, CO. Md. bounded NE, by Cal- vert c& EI by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by tlie Potomac, and W. by Ciiarles co. Chief town, Lconardstown. | ST. MARY'S, V. formerly Fort St. Mary's, Mercer co. Ohio, about 74 m. NW. by W. from C-olumbus, and 120 N. from Cincinnati. ST. MARY'S, L and s-p. Camden co. Geo. at the mouth of St. Mary's river, 131 m.SSW. from Savannah. Lon. 81° 43' W.; lat. 30° 43' N. This was a place of considerable trade during the late war, but 1ms since considerably declined. ST. MARY'S, r. which rises in Ohio, and runs NNVV. and unites with the river St. Jo- seph's at Fort Wayne, to form the Maumce. ST. MARY'S, r. which divides the state of Georgia from East Florida, and runs into the sea, lon. 81° 40' W. ; lat. 30° 43' N. ST. MARY'S FALLS, cataract in St. Ma- ry's river, between Lake Superior and Lake Huron. The Falls of St. Mary do not descend perpendicularly, as those of Niagara and St. Anthony do, but consist of a rapid, which con- tinues near 5 of a mile, over which, canoes, well piloted, may pass. ST. MARY'S BAY, bav on the S. coast of Newfoundland Lon. .54= 20' W. ; lat. r-,l° N. ST. MARY'S ISLANDS, cluster of small islands, in tlic Gulf of St Lawrence, near the S, coast of Labrador. Lon. 60° W. ; lat. 50° 20' N. ST. MARY'S KEYS, rocks on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53= 55' W. ; lat 46= 47' N. ST. MARY'S KEY, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89° 12' W.; lat 30° 11' N. ST. MARY'S RIVER, or St Mary's Straits, r. America, runs from Lake Superior to Lake Huron. On this river are 2 forts. Lon. 84° 24' W. ; lat 46° 22' N. It is nearly 70 miles long. ST. MARY'S RIVER, r. Nova ScoUa, runs into the sea, in lon. 61° W. ; lat. 45° 5' N. ST. MAURICE, r. L. C. flows into the N. side of the St. Lawrence, by three channels, which gave name to the town of Three Rivers, on its west bank. ST. MAURICE, CO. L. C. on the N. side of the St Lawrence, between Warwick and Hampshire cos. Chief town. Three Rivers. ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Madison co. Miso. on a branch of St Francis river, about 35 m. SW. from St Genevieve. ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Talbot co. Md. ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Washington district, Missouri. ST. PAUL'S, parish, Charleston district, S. C, E. of the Edisto, 18 m. W. from Charles ton. ST. PETER'S, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. on the Savannah. Pop. 3,834. ST. PETER'S, r. N. America, which rises a considerable way to the NW. and after a SE. course of 4 or 500 m. joins the Missis- sippi about 12 m. below St. Anthony's Falls, lat 44° 40' N. At its junction with the Mis- sissippi it is about 100 yards broad. It has a great depth of water, and in some places runs very briskly. Alwut 50 m. from its mouth are some rapids, and much higher up are many others. ST. PHILIP'S, Fort, strong fortress of Uie island of Minorca, which defends the harbor of Port Mahon. Lat. 39° 50' N. ; lon. 3° 48' E. ST. REGIS, r. N. Y. which runs into Uie St Lawrence, at the town of St. Regis, in Canada. Iicngth 80 m. ST. SALVADOR, one of the Bahama Isl- ands. S'i'. STEPHEN'S, parish, S. C. in Cliarles- ton district Pop. 2,416. ST. TAMANY, parish. La. bounded by Pearl river E. Lake Borgne, the Rigolcis, and Lake Ponchartrain S. the river St. Helena W. and tlie parisli of Washington N. liCngth 50 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Covington. Pop. in 1820, 1,723 ; in 1830, 2,864. ST. THOxMAS, parish, Charleston district, S.C. ST, THOMAS, one of the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, with a harbor, a town, and a fort, 15 m. in circumference, and belongs to the Danes. Lon. 64° 51' W. ; lat 18° 21' N. ST, THOMAS, t. Cuba, 30 m. WSW. from Havana. ST. THOMAS, isl. in the Pacific Ocean, near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 20° 10' N. ST. THOMAS, t Mexico, in Vera Paz, at the mouth of the river Guanacos, ."jO m. E. from Vera Paz. Lon. 90° 26' W.; lat. 15° 46' N. ST. VINCENT, isl. in the West Indies, about 40 m. long and 10 broad, containing about 84,000 acres, or 131 sq. ms. It is rug- ged and mountainous. Of tlie 84,000 acres in the island, about 47,000 are cultivated. Sugar is the principal production, SAINTES, three of the Leeward Caribbee Islands, in the West Indies, between Guada- loupc and Dominica, SALEM, CO. S. C, W. of WiUiamsburg. SALEM, t Salem co. S. C. SALEM, t Columbiana co. Ohio, 9 m. NNW. from New Lisbon, 64 NW. from Pitta- burg. Pop. 1,723. SALEM, t Livingston co. Ken. Pop. 254. SALEM, t Orleans co. Vt. at S. end of Lake Memphremagog, 60 m. NNE. from Montpe- lier. Pop. 258. SALEM, t Rockingham co. N. H. 35 m. N. from Boston, 35 SW. from Portsmouth, 36 SSE. from Concord. Pop. 1,310. Hero is a woollen manufactory. SALEM, s-p. and cap. Essex co. Mass. 4J m. NW. from Marblehead, 14 NNE. from Bol- ton, 24 S. from Newburyport. Pop. 13,886. It is chiefly built on a neck of land formed by 398 SAI^SAL »''{■ two inlets from the sea, callfd North siiid Soiitli rivers ; over tlie fbriiier ■ f which in a hriclpi!, upwards of l./iOO fvvt lonp, conncctinff Salem with Beverly, and tlie latter forms the liarhor. The harbor has j^ood anehornfje, but the water is so shallow, that vessels drawingf more than 12 or 14 feet must be lightened at a distance from the wharves. The situation of Salem is low, but pleasant and healthy. It is well built, and with regard to population, wealth, and commerce, is among the first in N. England. It contains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, a market-liouse, ti banks, an Athenaeum con- taining 5,000 volumes, a valuable Museum, belonging to the East India Marine Society, and II churches. It has a flourishing com- merce, and it was one of the first towns in the U. States to enter into the East India trade. Though the town is not very regularly liiid out, and has narrow streets, tlic neat and com- fortable style of the buildings gives it a very cheerful aspect. It is beautified with many splendid private mansions, aud the centre of the town is adorned with a liandsome,'incloscd common, elegantly planted with sliade-trces. Salem is tlie oldest town in the state, except Plymouth. The shipping Iiclonging to this port in 1828, was 48,210 tons. Lat 42° 34' N. ; Ion. 70° .54' W. SALEM, New, t. PVanklin co. Mass. 18 m. ESE. from Greenfield, 80 VV. from Boston. Pop. I,88i>. Here is a respectable academy. SALEM, t Wasliington co. N.Y. 18 m. SE. from Sandy Hill, 21) S. from Wli"ohall,46 NE. from Albany, Poj). 2,')72. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Sandy Hill. Here is a handsome village, situ- ated on an extensive plain, containing a court- house, a jail, an academy, several cliurches, and two or three printing-otHces. SALEM, North, t. Westchester eo. N. Y. 53 m. NNE. from New York. Pop. .1,276. Here is an academy. SALEM, South, t. Westcliestcr co. N. Y. 50 m. NNK from New York. Pop. 1,557. SALEM, CO. N. J. bounded N. by Glouces- ter ca E. by Cumberland co. SW. and W. by the Delaware. Pop. 14,155. Chief town, Salem. SALEM, t. and cap. Sakm co. N. J. on Sa- lem creek, 3J ni. from Delaware Bay, 37 SSW. from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, a printing- office, which issues a weekly i)aper, and 4 houses of public worship, for Episcopalians, Baptists, Friends, and Methodists. Pop. 1,570. It is a pleasant town, and a place of some trade. SALEM, V. Botetourt co. Va. 20 m. SSW. from Fincastle, 190 W. by S. from Richmond. SALEM, t, Fauquier co. Va. SALEM, t. Stokes co. N. C. watered by a small branch of the Yadkin, 34 m. NE. from Salisbury, 100 W. from Raleigh, 355 from W. It is a handsome Moravian town, built of brick, and chiefly on one street, about a mile and a half long, paved and planted with rows of trees on each side. It contains a church, ani has manufactures of potters' ware, sad- dleiy, gloves, hosiery, &,c. The Moravian Academy for females, at this place, is an ex- eellfiit and popular institution. Its buildings are 4 in numlicr, each 4 stories high, and of brick. It is located on a handsome square in the centre of the town, planted with trees, and ornamented with fine gravel-walks. It is at- tended by young ladies from various parts of the U. States. SALEM, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 1,237. SALEM, t Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Pop. 257. SAIiEM, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. l,!)f;0. SALEM, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 573. SALEM, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, in the N K. corner of tlie state. Here are iron-works. Pop. 1,660. SALEM, t. New London co. Ct. Pop. 974. SALEM, t and cap. Washington co. In. 21 m. NW. from Jeffersonville, 34 N. from Cory- don, 613 from W. SALEM, V. New Haven co. Ct. in Water- bury, 16 in. NNW. from New Haven. It stands on the E. bank of Naugatuek, or W.i- terbury river, on tlie main turnpike road from New Haven to Litchfield. A fine wooden bridge here crosses the Naugatuek. . SALEM, V. Sumpter district, S. C. 12 m. E. from Sumpter. SALEM, V. Baldwin co. Geo. on the left bank of Oconee river, nearly opposite Mil- ledgeville. SALEM, V. Clarke co. Geo. 53 in. N. from Milledgeville. SALEM CENTRE, v. in the eastern part of Westchester co. N.Y. 50 m. NNE. from the city of New York. SALEM CREEK, Salem co. N. J. rises in tlie centre of the county, and flowing netirly W. passes Salem, and falls into Delawun; IJiiy, 3J in. below. It is navigable for vessels of 50 tons to Salem. SALINA, t. Onondago co. N. Y. 5i ni. N. from Onondaga, 36 SSE. from Oswego, l.'Jil W. from Albany. Pop. 6,!)29. Onondaga Lake, and the principal salt-springs and salt- works of the state, are in this town. Salt is made here by solar evaporation, as well as by boiling. The vats erected for this purpose cover 5 or GOO acres of ground. The salt made by this process is coarse, and equal in purity to any in the world. Quantity of salt insjiect^J in 1831, 1,514,037 bushels. The neat revenue derived from salt-duties by the state, from 1817 to 1831 inclusive, is afjout §1,400,000. This township contains a village of the same nunie, and three ,:fhrrs, viz. Liver- pool, Syracuse, and Gedti s SALINA, t Randolph co. II. SALINE, southern t. of C-olumbiana co. Ohio, so called on account of salt-springs found within its limits, along the banks of Yellow creek. Pop. 666. SALINE, v. Randolph co. II. SALINE, r. Arkansas, rises about 20 m. NE. from the warm-springs of Ouaehitta, and flowing nearly S. falls into Ouaehitta at N. lat. 33" 40'. SALINE, r. Arkansas, a branch of the Lit- tle river of the North. mee cons S: 5 m. 119 800. on a town Neai der I ceme feet lengf %-.. SAL— SAM 309 SALINE, r. II. flows into tlie Ohio, 26 m. below the Wobash. It is navigable (br boatx 30 m. The U. States have extensive salt- works on tliis river, ^0 m. from its nioutii. SALINE, r. NVV. part of the state of Lou- isiana, whicli flows S. and unites with Black Lake river, 8 m. NE. from Natchitoches. There arc salt-works on this river, about 25 m. NNE. from Natchitoches. SALINE, r. Missouri, which runs into the Ouachitta, lat. 33= 10' N. SATilNE, or Salt, r. La. which runs into the Missouri, 173 ni. VV. of the Mississipiii. SALINE, r. La. runs into tiic Kansas. SALINE, V. at the U. States' Sjilt-Works, near Saline river, Gallatin co. II. about li2 iii. above its mouth, and 115 ni. SSW. from Van dalia. SALINES, v.Miso. on W. bank of the Mis- .sissippi, 4 m. below St. Genevieve. It is noted for salt-works. SALISBURY, t. Addison co. Vt. 44 m. SW. Monti)elicr. Pop. 907. Here is a manufac- tory of g-Jass. SALISBURY, t Merrimack co. N. IL on VV. side of tlie Merrimack river, 14 ni. NNW. from Concord, 38 SE. from Dartmouth Col- lege, 5n. long. SALMON CREEK, r. Franklin co. N.Y. whicli runs info the St. Lawrence, 7 m. N. from French Mills. SALMON CREEK, stream of St. Lawrence CO. flows NNW. about 70 m. enters L.C. at French Mills, and falls into St. Lawrence river at the head of Lake St. Francis. SALMON FAIiL, local name of that part of Piscataqua river, below Berwick falls. SALT CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs SE. into the Scioto, about 15 m. below Chillicothe. Near this river are salt-springs, from which salt is manufactured in large quantities. The salt-works are about 80 m. NW. fromGallipolis. SALT CREEK, t Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,190. SALT CREEK, t Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 1,656. SALTILLO, city of Mexico, in the state of Coahuilla y Texas, on the confines of Coahu* ilia and New Leon. Pop. 6,500. It is sur- rounded by arid plains, upon which fresh water is scarce ; the site is an elevated part of the great table-land of Anahuae, sloping towards the Gulf of Mexico, and tlie Rio Grande del Norte. Lat. 25^ 20' N. SALTPETRE CREEK, r. Maryland, which runs into Gunpowder river, 12 m. ENE. from Baltimore. SALT RIVER, r. La. runs into the Missis- sippi, 60 m. above the Illinois r. SALT RIVER, r. of Miso. entering the Mississippi from the NW. about 100 m. above St. Louis. SALT RIVER, r. Ken. which runs NW. into the Ohio, 20 m. below the Rapids. It is navigoble for boats 60 m. SALT SPRING RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio. SALUDA, r. S.C. which runs SE. and unites with Broad river just above Columbia, to form the Congaree. SALUTER, r. of La. in Natchitoches and Ouachitta. The source of this stream is on the line between La. and Arkansas, and it flows into Ouachitta, 3 m. below the mouth of Barthelony river. SAMPSON, CO. N. C. bounded by New Han- over SE. Bladen SW. Cumberland W. Johnson N. Wayne NE. and Dauphin E. Length 35 400 SAM— SAN iT,i' m. mean widtli UO. Pop. in 1820, 8,!)03 ; in 1830, 11,768. It is drained by Black river branch of (lapc Fear river. Clinton, the chief town, is about S.'i in. NNW. from Wilniyigton. SAMPTOWN, V. Middlesex co. N.J. 14 m. WSVV. from Elizabethtown. SAN ANTONIO, city of Mexico, in the Btatc of Oaxaca, 130 ni. SE. from tlie city of Mexico, and about 80 N. from that of Oaxaca. SAN HLAS, city and seaport of Mexico, in the ibrnier Ciundalaxara, now Jalisco, at tlic mouth of the river Santiago. SANUOUNTOWN, t. Strafford co. N.H. 25 m. NVV. from Portsmoutli. Pop. 2,866. SANDEIiSVILLE, t. and cap. Washington CO. lieo. 26 III. E. from Milledgcville. It con- tains a court-house and a jail. SANUFORD, t. and v. York co. Mc. 22 m. N. from York. Pop- '-2.327. SANDUATE, t. Bennington co. Vt. 25 m. N. from IJonnington. Pop. 1)33. SANDISFIELD, t. Bcrksliire co. Mass. 20 m. SE. from Lenox, 112 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 1,655. SANDISTON, t. Sussex co. N.J. on the Delaware river, 11 m. NVV. from Newton. Pop. 1,0!I7. SAN DOWN, t. Rockingham co. N.H. '29 ni. WSW. from Portsmoutli, and 30 SE. from Concord. Pop. 553. SANDTOWN, V. Gloucester co. N. J. 13 m. SSE. from Philadelphia. SANDUSKY, r. Ohio, runs NE. into San- dusky Bay, at the town of Sandusky. Lcngtii 70 m. This river is navigable, and is con- nected with the (Jrcat Miami by a portage of m. and with the Scioto by one of 4 m. The river has rapids, below which tliere is a very valuable fishery. SANDUSKY, CO. Ohio, bounded N. by Lake Eric, E. by Huron co. S. by Seneca,, and W. by Wood CO. It is 30 m. long, and 25 broad. Pop. in 1820, 852 ; in 1830, 2,851. It contains Lower Sandusky. SANDUSKY, one of the western towns of Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 588. SANDUSKY, t. Huron co. Ohio, on the S. shore of Sandusky Bay, 3 m. from its entrance, 25 NE. from Fort Stephenson, about 100 m. N. from Columbus, 250 W. from Buffalo. Pop. 51)3. It is handsomely laid out on a beautiful site, and a steam-boat wharf has been erected. SANDUSKY, Lower, t. and cap. of Sandus- ky CO. Ohio, on tlie river Sandusky, a few miles from its mouth, 115 N. from Columbus. SANDUSKY, Upper, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Sandusky r. 40 m. S. from Lower Sandusky. SANDUSKY BAY, bay, Ohio, on SW. part of Lake Eric, 20 m. long, and 24 broad. SANDWICH, t. and cap. of Essex co. U.C. on Detroit river, 2 m. below Detroit. It is a considerable village, built chiefly on a single long street. SANDWICH, t. Strafford co. N.H., N. of Squam Lake, 50 m. N. from Concord, and 72 NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,743. In the N. port of this town, there is a mountain near 3,000 feet high. SANDWICH; t. Barnstable co. Mass. on Barnstable Bay, 12 m. NNW. from Barnstable, 54 SSE. from Boston. Pop. 3;)67. Here is an academy. Sandwick river runs through the town into Barnstable Bay. SANDY, a N. t. of Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 765. SAN I) Y, t Stark co. Oliio. Tap. 909. SANDY BAY, or Cove, buy, on tlic coast of Mass. N. of Cape Ann. Lon. 70° 38' W. ; hit. 42° 41' N. SANDY CREEK, r. S.C. runs into the Con- garcc. Lon. 81° 40' W.; lat. 34= 37' N. SANDY FORK, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 273 m. from W. SANDY HILL, v. in Kingsbury, N. Y. on E. sidcof the Hudson, 50 m.N. from Albany. It is delightfully situated, just above Baker's Falls, and is a regularly laid out, well built, and very flourishing village. It contains a woollen and a cotton factory, several iron works, and also a manufactory of cotton bagging from hemp. This village, witli the township, contains 2,606 inhabitants. SANDY HOOK, small isl. on the coast oC N. J. in tlic township of Middlcton, 7 in. S. from Long Island, 25 S. from New York. It was formerly a peninsula. Sandy Hook, or Point, forms a capacious harbor. Here is a light-liouse, on the N. point of the Hook, in lon. 72=2' W.; lat. 40° 26' N. SANDY HOOK, v. Culpcpcr co. Va. SANDY INLET, channel, between two small islands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77'^' 50' W.; ^.34=^ 19' N. SANDY LAKE, lake of the NW, territory of the U. S. forming one of the links in the chain of intercommunication between Lake Superior and Mississippi river. SANDY LAKE RIVER, r. of the NW. territory of the U. S. flows from Sandy Lake, and enters Mississippi river at lat. 47° N. At its outlet from Sandy Lake, the U. S. SW. Company have an establishment. SANDY LICK, r. Pa. runs into the AUe- ghany, about 15 m. below Toby's Crsck. SANDY MOUNT, v. Greenville t. Va. 77 m. S. from Richmond. SANDY POINT, cape, on N. point of Nan- tucket island. Lon. 69° W.; lat 41° 22' N. SANDY RIVER, Big, riscb in the Laurel Mountains, and forms a part of the boundary between Virginia and Kentucky, and runs NNW. into the Ohio, 40 m. above the Scioto. SANDY RIVER, Little, Ken. runs into tlie Ohio, 20 m. below Big Sandy. SANDY RIVER, r. Me. runs into the Ken- nebcrls, (i m. above Norridgewock. SANDY SPRING, v. Montg(Mnery co. Md. SANDY SPRING, v. Adams co. Ohio, 110 m. SSW. from Columbus. SANDYTOWN, p. Sussex co. N.J. 85 m. N. from Trenton. SANDYVILLE, v. TuscarawM co. Ohio, 136 m. NE. from Columbus. SANGAMOIN, r. II. unites with the Illi- nois. It is navigable for boats 150 m. SANGAMOIN,co.Il.onSangamohir.bound- ed S. by Montgomery and Morgan, and W. by Fulton. Chief town, Springfleld. Pop. 12,960. SAN— SAV 401 tarnstabky Here is h through I CO. Ohio. 1. 909. t Uic coast 0°38'\V,; ito the Con- 37' N. irg CO. Va. ■y, N. Y. on [Albany. It akcr's Falls, ilt, and very woollen and 8, and also a from hemp, mtains 2,601) the coast of ton, 7 m. S. ;w York. It idy Hook, or , Here is a the Hook, in CO. Va. between two C. Lon. 77=> NW. territory e links in the twccn Lake of the NW. Sandy Lake, It. 47°N. At u. s. sw. linto the Allc- \s Creek. Ivillc t. Va. 77 point of Nan- It 41° 22' N. \n the Laurel Jthe boundary iky, and runs tc the Scioto. , runs into tlie I into the Ken- jnery co. Md. 1 CO. Ohio, 110 lo. N.J. 85 m. Iwaa CO. Ohio, 1 with the IIU- bOm. knioui r.bound- fan,andW.by Pop. 12,960. SANr.RUFIELP, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 1.'') m. S. I)y W. from Ufica. it is ii considcrublo town, nnd Cfintains a printinfj-otlicc, from which is issurd a weekly newsimper. S.AN(ii;RVn,Li:, t. I'diobsmt CO. Me. 38 ni. NW. from Mnngor. l'o\\. 77(i. SANTA ( ;i{l'Z, one of the ( 'aribbcc islandH. Ixin. (i4^.'J5' W.; Int. 17^ 1.7 N. SANTA FIO, CM]»itai of New Mexico, in N. Aiiiericii, sealed ninong' inoiiiil.-iins, near the Hio del Norte, [i.V) m. N. of Mexico, lion. i(i(>j;»r.' w.; hit. ;ir>j :»3' n. SANTKJ';, r. S. ('. loniied by llic union of the Conffarcc^ and Waleri'e. It runs into the nva. l)y two mouths, N. ami S. from S;iMtee, '2(1 ni. Ih'Iow (Jeorfjetowu. I,at. 33 ' Iri' N. Tliis liver iilVords a navij^aliou at some seusous nearly 3(10 miles, as liij^li up as i\lor;;anlown, N. C Ft is coruiected with Cooper river liy a Ciuial. The main brancli in Nortli Carolina is called Catawba. SANTIACJO, r, of Mexico, risinp; about 23 m. NW. from the eity of Mexico, on the tai)!e- land of Anabuuc, tlows throujfh the iulendcn- cies of Mexico, ( fuanaxuuto, (iuadiilaxara, and Valladolid, and allcr an cuti re course of about 370 111. liiils into tiic Pacific ( )cean, at tlic city of San Bias. Santiajjo is by far tlu; largest stream of {\Iexico: it is navif;able ibr some distance from its nioutii, but the adjacent country is thickly wooded, uncultivated, and nnhcallhy. SARA, creek, f/a. in New Feliciana, rises in the state of Mississipiii, n«!ar Woodvillc, and flowin"!; S. crosses lat 31'^ N. and falls into the Mississippi at St. Francisville, after an entire course of 25 m. SARANAC, r. N. Y. after a NE. course of 65 miles, flows into Lake Champlain, at Platts- burfr. • SARATOGA, co. N. Y. bounded N. by War rcn CO. E. by the Hudson, which sc])arates it trom Wasiiinjrton and Rensselaer cos. S. by Albany co. S\V. by Schenectady co. and W. by Hamilton and Montjronicry cos. Pop 3G,61f). Cliicf town, IJallston. SARATOGA, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 12 ni. NE. from Hallston, 31 N. from Albany, 3t!l) from W. I'op. 2,20 1. This town gives name to several celebrated mineral springs, which arc spread over a tract of country about 12 ni. in extent, in Saratoga county, and are known by dill'erciit local names. The most uo1(h1 are those of Saratoga and iJallston, which are the most celebrated mine- rid waters in tlio United States. I'hcy arc strongly impregnated with carbonic acid, and contain also carbonate of soda, muriate of soda, »iHcopuliiinB, and for Mitlio- dists. An elegant hri/c, !)l)7 li'ct in length, Ih built in this placi! ucroHH the Mohawk. I'nion College Ih Kituated on K. side of the eify, on an elevated H|H)t. of ground, and connimnding a delightful proHjK'ct. It was fomuled in 17H5, and in a very reHpectJihii! and tlonriHhing semi- nary, with ample endn\vn)i^nt.s. 'I'lie l)uildingH are 2 elegant brick edifice's, each ^00 feet in length, and 4 sfories high, iiaving each iJ wings extending l.'j(i li-et, and Iwo lK)ar(liiig.lu)UH('s. 'I'lieHo liuiidingH contain upwards ot' 100 rooms fiir fJie aeeonnnodation ol' students, nxinis (or the philosophical and eliemieal apparatus, lec- ture rooms, ».Vc. and aeeonunodatious for the otficers of the eollege with their tiimilies. The libraries contain almut I 1,000 volmnea. 'i'lu; philosophical ai)i)aratus and the chemical are complete. The whole number of griiduates from the time of its foundation to llS.'JO, was 1,202. The lunnbcr of students ranges from 200 to 2j0. Connucnccment is held on the 4th Wednesday in July. There are 3 vaca- tions ; the first from connneneemcnt, 7 weeks; the second from the Wedn(;sday immediately preceding Christmas, 3 weeks ; the third from the first Wednesday in April, 3 weeks. There 18 connected with tlie coUcgj an academy con- taining alwut 100 students. SCHODAC, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on E. side of the Hudson, f) m. S. from Albany. SCHODAC LANDING, v. Colmnbia co. N. Y. SCHOENBRUNN, or Beautiful Spring, Moravian settlement, Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 3 m. below New Phila- delphia. SCHOHARIE, CO. central part, of N. Y. bounded N. by Montgomery co. NE. by Sche- nectady, E. by Albany co. SE. by Greene co. SW. by Delaware co. and W. by Otsego co. Pop. 27,910. Chief town, Schoharie. SCHOHARIE, L and cap. Schoharie co. N. Y. 24 m. S. from Johnstown, 32 W. from Albany. Pop. 5,146. It is watered by a river of the same name. Schoharie village is situ- ated on Schoharie flats, and contains the coun- ty buildings, a printing-office, 2 churches, and a number of elegant houses. SCHOHARIE, r. N.Y. runs N. tlirough Schoharie co. into the Mohawk, W. of Florida. Length 70 m. The alluvial flats on this river are from 1 to 2 m. wide, and arc very fertile. SCHOHARIE KILL, v. in the W. part of Greene co. N. Y. 61 ni. SW. from Albany. SCHOODIC LAKES, in Washington co. Me. about 40 m. NNW. from Machias. SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, a mountain range and watering place, in Morris co. N. J. The watering place is in the SW angle of the CO. about 20 m, NE. from Easton in Pa. SCHUYLER, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on tlie N. side of the Mohawk river, 6 m. NE. from Utica. Pop. 2,074. SCHUYLER'S LAKE, lake, N.Y. 9 m. long and 5 broad, 5 m. W. from Lake Otsego. S< IIUYLER.SVILLF;v.Marnlogaco.N 7. 21 m. N. frr)m Albany. SCHUYLKILL, co. Pa. bounded by Berki SE. Dauphin SW. Northumberland and C^o- lund)ia N\V. [.uzerno N. and Northampton and Lihigh NE. Length 37 m. mean width 1.1. Pop. in 1H20, li,:W:); in 1830, 20,7«.3. Soil, rough, rocky, and sterile. Chief town, Orwigsbnrg, SCIHJYLKILL, r. Pa. rises in Lireemc ca and runs SE. into the Delaware, 6 ni. below I'hilndelphia. It is 140 m. long, and naviga- ble for large merchant-vesselB to Philadelphia. SCUrro, salt-works, near the centre of .raekson co. Ohio, reserved by the U.S. about 2f< m. SK. from Chillieothe. .^('lOTO, one of the central towns of Rost CO. Ohio, containing the town of Chillieothe. I'op. 4,12.3. SCIOTO, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on tho W. siiio of Seioto river. Pop. 404. St'IOTO, t. Pickaway co. Ohio. Pop. 462. S( ;i( )T( ), t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 33!>. S(;iOTO, CO. Ohio, bounded by Ohio river S. Adams W. Pike N. Jackson NE. and Law- rence E. Length 30 m. mean width 19. Pop. in 1820, .1,749 ; in 1830, 8,730. Chief town, I'ortsmouth. SC;i( )TO, r. Ohio, rises near the sources of the Sandusky, has a course E. of S. passes by Columbus, CircleviUe, and Chillieothe, and runs into the Ohio at Portsmouth, 352 m. bdow Pittsburg. It is navigable for boats 130 m. and is connected with the Sandusky by a por. tagc of 4 m. A large part of the country wa- tered by this river is very fertile. SCIOTO, Little, r. Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 20 m. below the Scioto. SCIOTO SALT SPRINGS, v.R6s8Co.Ohia SCIPIO, t. Cayuga co. N, Y. 11 m. S. from Auburn, 180 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,691. It lies on E. side of Cayuga Lake, and tlie township is about 10 m. square, fertile, and well cultivated. SCITUATE, t. and s-p. Plymouth co. Mass. on a bay of tlie same name, 17 m. SE. from Boston. Pop. 3,470. It contains 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congrcgationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. SCITUATE, t. Providence co. R. I. 15 m- WSW. from Providence. Pop. 6,853. It eon- tains a bank and several cotton manufactories. SCONONDOA, V. Oneida co. N. Y. SCOTCH PLAINS, v. Essex co. N.J. U m. W. from Elizabethtown. SCOTLAND NECK, v. Halifax ca N.C. SCOTLAND SOCIETY, t. Windham ca Ct. between Windham and Canterbury, 34 m. a little S. of E. from Hartford. SCOTT, t. NW. corner Cortlandt oo. N. Y. extending from the head of Skencateles Lake, 25 m. NE. from Itliaca. Pop. 1,452. SCOTT, ca Va. bounded by Ten. S. Lee ca Va. W. Cumberland mountains or Va. N. Rus- sell CO. NE. and Washington SE. Length 40 m. mean width 28. Pop. in 1820, 4^63; in 1830, 5,702. Chief town, Estillville. SCOTT, V. Adams co. Ohio, 107 m. SSW, from Columbus. 404 SCO— SEN SCCnT, ro. Km. botinHrd by Pnyrtln Sll. Wfxxlford Hr\V. Frnrikliii W.Ovven N.iind lliir- riion N£. Lcngtli 14 ni. incnn widlli l.'i. I'op. in 1820, 14,319; in IKJO, Ufill. Cliuiftown, Georffftown. Hoil highly prrKliictivo. S(:(JT'r, oo. In. bounded by Cliirkn co. SK. Floyd H. WttHhinpton W. JackHon N VV. .Fen- nin((H NE. and Jefrcrnon K. licnjfth 120 iii. breadth l.'i. I'op. in 18120, ^'Mil; in IKJO, 3,097. Chief town. New lioxinjrtnn. It in watered by Hcvnral branchcn of VVIiito river. S(;0'ri'SU(JK(i, v. Ilalinix a>. Va. SCOTT'S FKRRY, v. All>^in»rl(^ «.. V.i. SCO'rrSVILLIO, v. (JenncsHco co. N. Y. SCO'ITSVIM.K, V. Powliutan co. Vu.al)out 30 m. W. from Richmond. SCOTTSVILLE, v. and scat of juHticc, Al- len CO. Ken. on a Hniall branch of Hi^r Itarnii river, 45 in. E. from RusBoUvillc, and 100 SW. by 8. from Frankfort. SCRAN EN BURCJ. v. Bcrjrcn co. N. .T. fi m. NR. from Hackensack. It containB 2 Uutcli churchcR. SCRIBA, t. Oswcffo CO. N. Y. at tlio moutli of the OBwego, 173 m. WNVV. from Albany. Pop. 2,073. SCRIVEN, CO. Goo. between Siiviniiiali and Ogecchee rivers, bounded by Etrni}Tham ro. SE. Ogcecheo river, or Uullock and Emanuel COB. SW. Burko NW. and Savannah river Nl']. Lenffth 34 m. mean width 22. Pop. in 18:20, 3,941 ; in 1830, 4,77G. Chief town, Jackson- borough. SCHROON, t. Essex co. N.Y., W. of Ticon- deroga. Pop. 1,641. It lies W. of Schroon Lake. SCHROON, r. N. Y. the E. branch of the Hudson. It runs from Schroon Lake into the Hudson, and has many falls. SCHROON LAKE, N. Y. 12 m. W. of tlic N. end of Lake George. It lies betw« (!u Hafrue on the E. and Chester on tho VV. and is al)out 8 m. long, and 1 broad. SCTIFFLETOWN, v. I. 'I'lif out uuiU'H wiUi 1 1 If c CO. Me. on 1' K. from CuHl'mi', 1 ,600.. d to I'awtucktil , ami fiillH, to its cr, a distttnce of 'o. Mass. on V, ik rivi-r, opiiositf SVV. from 'I'iiii"- Pop. 2,134. 'l'l>;it vhich iK'lniifjs to Dwn. Here is a )f N. Amcvirn, in ivrr Yarc, on the Iloadnraa. I.on- ! coast of MiiiiK'. KcniiclM'ck rivtT, l,int. I.oii.f.l>^W is a lis;i\l-hous(! icricn, in Mexico, Lon.90°28'W.; rhany co. Md. ^ |orth»imbcrland co. Wks CO. Ta. in ^V. from Philadfl ll. 43 m. from Ca licotsviUc, t. Adams INE.fromNatchrt Iga CO. N. Y. 14 111 Ifrom Albany. P"i; latelcs Lake, and Iv ]%ery valuable town- ,. N.Y. onW.fitl'' Ifrom Canandaijl";'' Jp. G,lf)l. Tl.isi?" Td conUins Ibc Hour fwhich 8CP. Tiitn- [ifactory, 2 m. pouUi Is from Seneca taVe 1 Cicero. Its who!" atlbrds considerable facilitioa for boat navigation, and niriiiahcM Toltiablo mill-aentH. SKNKCA, CO. N. Y. iKMinded N. by Cnynirn CO. Vi. by Cttviiiiu Id. and hike, S. liy Tomi)- kinn CO. and \V . hy .Semca I.ako mid eo. Fop. 21,0.31. Chief toWnn, WalericH) mid Ovid. HKNK(;A, (. CwsTHsey co. Ohio. SKNF'X;A, eo. ( >liio, bounded N, by San- dusky, ilurou K. ( riiwibrd S. niid W. by Han- cock and Wood Fienptli IIO in. breadth |H. Sandusky river udwm aenws thin lo. from N. toH. Fop. .'■(4r>. Chief town, Tillin. SKNK(;A, t. Monr.K; eo. Ohio. Fop. filO. SF.NFX^ACKr.KK, r. Md. runs into the Potomac, 21 ni. W. from W. SENECA KAF.L.S, v. Si^ncca co. N. Y. on the outlet of !>!«-neca Fiake, 10 ni. Uiow (iencva, 4 III. below Waterloo, and 2 ni. VV. Ironi Cay- iiffa brid(fe. SENECA T.AKR, N.Y. from (5 to l.'i m. VV. from ('ayujja Lake. It is X} ni. lonp, nnd from 2 lo 4 broad. There is, on Die bank of this lake, a quarry of marble, benutifuliy va- riejjated, of an excellent ipiality, and proof a{(ainst fire. SENIX'AVILLE, V. Guernsey co. Ohio, .W ni. E. from Columbus. SEQCATCIIKF;, r. Ten. rises in Rledsoe CO. runs SVV. passinjj through the western part of the ('herokee country, and flows into tiie Tennessee. SESEME qui an, r. Indiana, rmis into the Illinois. SEVERN, r. Md. runs by Annajwlis into the ('hesaiieake, 2 m. below the town. SEVERN, r. Va. runs into Chesapeake Bay, lat. 37° 23' N. SEVIIOR, CO. Tennessee liounded by Dusky Mountain or North Carolina SE. Monroe S. Blount VV. Knox NVV. JelVrrson NE. and Coekc E. Lenfrth .33 in. mean width 20. Chief town, Sovierville. Fop. in lf*20, 1,772 ; inl83(», .Vn. SEVlERVIfJiE, t. and cap. Sevier eo. Ten. on a brancli of the French IJroad, about 30 111. SE. from Knoxville, .''.00 from W. SEW EE DAY, bay of the Atlantic, on the coast of S. Carolina. Lat. 32^ .'58' N. SEWICKf.Y, r. Pa. reus W. into the YouKhiojjeny, !) m. above the Mononpaheln. SEXTON'S RIVER, r. Vt. rises in (Jrafton, and runs into the ('onucclicut, 2 m. S. from Bellows Falls. SHACKLEFORD, v. King and Queen co. SHADE, r. Ollio, flows into the Ohio, 10 m. below the Iloekhoeking-. SHADE MOUNTAIN, mt. Pa. NE. of Lewistovvn. SHADY GROVE, v. Franklin co. Va. 228 m. SW. bv VV. from Richmond. SHAFFERSTOVVN, v. in the NE. part of Lebanon eo. Pa. m. E. liom Lebanon, and 32 E. from Harrisbursf. SHAFTSnURY, t. Benninjiion co. Vt. 7 m. N. from Bennin^rton. Fop. 2,143. It is a Considerable and tlourishinjr town, and eon- taiiis an academy. A quarry of gixnl niarbl is (bund in this iowii. SHAKERSTOWN. t. Mercer eo. Km. SHAKER TOWN,!. Knox co. In. a little east of the WahaHli, about I.') m. N. I'rom Vin. cemies. SHALERSVH.LE, t. Portage co. Ohio, N. from Raveniiii. Fop. 7.'i7. SHALLOT CREKK. r. N. C. runs into the Allnntie, Ion. 78-' 38' W.; lat. 33-' T)!' N. SHAMBIIRC;, t. Washin)Tton co. Mis. SHAMOKIN, r. Fn. rutm into tlie Suaquo- haimah, a little below Snnbury. SHANDAKKN, I. I 1st. r co. N.Y. 20 m. VV\ I'roni Kingston, Fop. IMIO. SIIANESVII,!,E, V. Mercer co. Ohio, 122 III. NW. from Columbus. SHANESVILLE, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on Siiifar ereek. SIIAFLEKJH, t. York co. Me. on the Pis- eata.pin, .3.') NW. York, 108 NNE. from IJou- toll. l'o|). ],\Ki). SHAREVIAN'S CREEIv, r. Pa. runs E. into the Susquehannah, a littlo below tlio Ju- niatta. SHARK RIVER, r. N. J. runs info the Allnntie, Ion. 71 '4' VV.; lat. 40° 10' N. SHARON, AVir, t. Kennebeek co. Me. 27 m. NNW. from Auirusta. Fop. l,.^)!l!t. SHARON, t. Ilillsborouph eo. N. H. 18 m. WSW. from Amherst, 48 SW. from Concord. Fop. 721. SHARON, t. Windsor co. Vt. 22 m. N. from Windsor. Fop. l.l.'ilt. SHARON, t. Norfolk eo. Mass. 17 m.SSW. from Bos1(m. Foj). 1,021. SHARON, t.Lilehfidd co.Ct.l.'i m. WNW. from Litchfield. Fop. 2,fil3. Here ,is an neadeiny. SHARON, t. Seholiari.> eo. N. Y. 10 m. W. from Schoharie. Fop. 4,217. SHARON, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. i)0!». SHARON, v. Aslitabnla co. Ohio. SHARON, f. Riehlnnd eo. Ohio. Pop. 704. SHARPS, isl. Dorchester co. Md. in the Chesnjirake. SHARFSRURG, v. Hamilton co. Ohio. SHARFSRURC;, f. Washinfrton eo. Md. about 2 m. from the Fotomne, nearly op|Hisife She|tlierdslowii, 11 in. SE. from I'^li/abethtown. Pop. 1,800. SHARFSRURG, v. Bath co. Ken. .W m. E. from FrnnkfJirf. Foji. L'")8. SHARFTt )WN, t. Salem co. N. J. SHAWAN(;UNK,t. Ulster eo.N."«M7m, NW. from Newbiir-rh. I'op. 2,fi81. SHAWAN(il'NK, mt. N. Y. 25 m. SW. from Kinfrsfon. SHAWNEETOWN, t. Gallatin co. II. on the Ohio, !) m. below the mouth of the Wa- bash. It contains a bank, a land-olFiee, and a printinfr-ofliee, fi'om which is issued a weekly newt-paper. This place has considerable trade ill salt. The U. S. Saline, in.llu^ forks of Sa- line river, is 12 in. from the town. This town is puliject to anmuil inundation. SHAWSHEEN, r. Mas.-, runs NE. into the Merriinaek, in N. [inrt of Andover. Sf 1EI;FS( -OT, v. Liiieoln eo. Me. ^ SHEEFSCOT, r. Lincoln eo. Me. runs into 406 SHE— SHE ; . the Atlantic, on E. side of Wiscasset, foniiinpf % bay at its moutli. SHEFFIELD, t. Caledonia co. Vt IG rn. N. from Danville, 45 NE. from Montpclier. Pop. 720. SHEFFIELD, t Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. S. from Lenox, 30 SE. from Hudson, 125 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,392. It is wa- tered by the Housatonnuc, which affords good seats for mills. South mountain extends the whole lengtli of the town, on £. sido of the river. SHEFFIELD, v. Lorain co. Ohio, 155 m. NNE. from Columbus. SHELBURNE, t. in the British province of New Brunswick, at Port Roseway, extends 2 m. on the water-side, and 1 m. back, witli wide streets crossing each other at right an- gles. The harbor is deep, capacious, and se- cure. SHELBURNE, t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 7 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,123. SHELBURNE, t. Coos co. N. H. on the Androscoggin, 22 m. ESE. from Lancaster. Pop. 312. SHELBURNE, t. Franklin co. Mass. 4 m. W. from Greenfield, 100 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 985. SHELBY, V. M'Comb co. Mich. 38 m. from Detroit. SHELBY, t. Orleans co. N.Y. adjoining Niagara co. N. from the Tonnewanta reserva- tion, and S. from the Erie canal. Pop. 2,043. SHELBY, CO. Ken, bounded by Salt river or Nelson co. S. Bullitt SW. Jefferson W. Henry N. and Franklin E. and SE. Lengtli 36 m. mean widtli 20. Chief town, Shelby- ville. Pop. in 1820, 21,047; in 1830, 19,039. SHELBY, CO. in the western part of Ohio, bounded N. by Allen, E. by Logan, S. by Mi- ami, and W. by Darke. It is about 20 miles •square. It is '"'•cd by the Great Miami Tiver and Loramics -reek, beside several of their tributaries. Pop. in 1820, 2,106 ; in 1830, 3,(i71. Chief town, Sydney. SHELBY, SW. CO. Ten. bounded by the state of Mississippi S. Mississippi river W. and Madison co. in Ten. N. and E. Length 34 in. width 30. Pop. in 1820, 354 ; in 1830, 5,G52. ■Chief town, Memphis. SHELBY, CO. Al. bounded by Coosa river E. Bibb CO. S. Tuscaloosa SW. Jefferson NW. and St. Clair N. Length 40 m. width 36. Chief town, Shelbyville. Pop. irt 1820, 2,416; in 1830, 5,021. SHELBY, CO. In. bounded by Bartholomew S. Johnson W. Marion NW. Madison N. Rush E. and Decatur SE. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Pop. 6,294. Chief town, Shelbyville. SHELBY COURT-HOUSE, Shelby co. Al. 93 m. N. from Cahawba. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Shelby co. Ken. on Brashan's creek, 12 m. above its junc- tion with Salt river, 22 m. WSW. from Frank- fort, 572 from W. Pop. 1,201. It contains a •court-house, a bank, a printing-office, and a meeting-house. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Bedford co. Ten. on Duck river, .10 m. SSE. from Nash- ville, 692 from W. It is a flourishing tov;n, and contains a court-house, a bank, and a print- ing-office. SHELDON, t. Franklin co. Vt. on the Mi- chiscoui, 16 m. E. from Lake Champlain. Pop. 1,427. Here arc several forges, and a furnace for casting hollow-ware. SHELDON, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. SW. from Batavia, 270 W. from Albany. Pop. 1,731. SHELLDRAKE RIVER, r. Canada, runs into the river St Lawrence, in Ion. 64° 50' W. ; lat.50o20'N. ■ SHELLDRAKE, r. Michigan territory, runs intc lake Superior, 24 m. W. from point Iro- quois. SHELL KEY, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89° 15' W.; lat. 29° 48' N. SHELTER ISLAND, isl. near E. end of Long Island, 100 m. E. from N. Y. Pop. 330. It is 7 m. long, and 5 broad. This island and Great Hog-Neck island constitute a town. SHENANDOAH, co. Va. bounded N. by Frederick co. SE. by Cnlpepcr and Madison COS. SW. by Rockingham co. and W. by Hardy CO. Pop. 19,750. Chief town, Woodstock. SHENANDOAH, r. Va. rises in Augusta CO. and after a course of about 200 m. joins the Potomac in lat. 38=' 4' N. just before the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. See Hnrper''8 Ferry. It waters a fertile country, and is navigable for boats 100 m. SHENANDOAH FORK, v. Shenandoah CO. Va. SHENEVAS CREEK, r. N. Y. in Otsego CO. It runs SW. 25 m. and joins the Susque- hannah. SHENLEY, t. Buckingham co. L. C. on Chaudiere river, 54 m. S. from Quebec. SHEPAUG, r. Ct. runs S. into the Quine- baug, in W. part of Soutlibury. SHEPHERD'S CREEK, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 83 m. W, from the Mississippi. SHEPHERDSTOWN, v. Belmont co.01iio. SHEPHERDSTOV^N, t. Jefferson co. Va. on the Potomac, 10 m. E. by S. from Martins- burg. Pop. 1,200 — principally Germans and their descendants. SHEPHERDSVILLE, t and cap. Bullitt CO. Ken. on Salt river, 14 m. from "its junction with the Ohio, 20 m. S. from Louisville, 70 W from Iicxington. Pop. 278. SHERBURNE, t. Rutland co. Vt. 13 m. E. from Rutland. Pop. 452. SHERBURNE, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 900. SHERBURNE, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 11 m. N. from Norwich, 98 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,574. It is watered by tlie Chenango, is a valuable township, and contains a handsome village, a printing-office, valuable mills, and some manufactures. SHERBURNE, v. Beaufort district, S. C. 214 m. from Columbia. SHERBURNE MILLS, v. Fleming co. Kon SHERMAN, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 43 m. NW from New Ilaven. Pop. 947. SIIESHEQUIN, V. Bradford co. Pa, II 77 bull fine reso Yor S 2,57 SI m. */ SHI'V-SIR 407 SHETUCKET, r. Ct. joins the Yantic at Norwich, to form the Thaim's. SHIELDSB()R()U(tII, t. Hiiiicock co.Miss. on the bay of St. Louis, '3'J ni. by land ENE. from New Orleans, 60 by water. It has a very pleasant and healthy situation, elevated from 20 to 40 feet above tide-water, contains about (500 inhabitants, and is a place of considerable resort from New Orleans, during the sickly season. The bay is navigable to tlie town lor vessels drawing 7 fv.vt. SHIELDS' RIVER, r. N. America, runs into tlie Missouri, 7 m. below the Great Falls. SHINNTOWN, V. Harrison co. Va. on the W. fork of Monongahcla, at the mouth of Sim- son's creek, 8 m. NNE. frcm Clarksburg, and 235 a little N. of W. from Washington. SHIPPENSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa. 20 m. N. by E. from Chambersburg, 20 SVV. from Carlisle, 140 W. ironi Philadelphia. Pop. I,(i21. It is a considerable town, situated on a branch of the Conedogwinet creek, and con- tiiins a market-house, and several houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Dutch Ro- ibrmed, and Methodists. SHIPPINGPORT, V. Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, 3 miles below Louisville. Pop. G07. Here are a ship-yard, rope-walk, and a flour- mill. SHIRLEY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m. WSW. from Groton, 41 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 991. Here arc cotton manufactories. SHIRLEYSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. SHOAL CREEK, r. II. has a course S. by W. of about 70 miles, and joins the Kaskaskia, in lat. 38^ 27' N. It is a fine and rapid stream, and navigable for boats about 30 miles. SHOAL INLET, channel, between two small islands, on the coast of N. Carolina, Ion. 770 58'W.; lat. 34° 5' N. SHOCCOE SPRINGS, in Warren co. N.C. 8 m. S. from Warrenton. These mineral waters are much resorted to. Here is an academy. SHOREHAM, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 49 m. S. from Burlington. Fop. 3,137. Here is an academy. SHOREHAM, New, t. Newport co. R. I. on Block Island, 23 m. SSW. from Newport Pop. 1,885. SHORT CREEK, t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 2,184. SHREWSBURY, t Rutland co. Vt 22 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,289. SHREWSBURY, t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. ENE. from Worcester, 38 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,386. It is a pleasant town. SHREWSBURY, t. Monmouth co. N. J. 11 m; E. from Freehold, 47 NE. from Trenton, 77 NE. from Philadelphia. This is a neatly built and pleasantly situated town, has several fine churches, and is a place of considerable resort for company from Philadelphia and New York, during the warm season. SHREWSBURY, t York co. Fa. Fop. 2,571, SHREWSBURY, v. Kenhawa co. Va. 306 m. NW. by W. from Riclunond. SHREWSBURY, r. N. .1. runs into the AU laiitin, Ion. 74° 2' W. ; lat. 40^ 22' N. SHUTESBURY, t Franklin co. Mass. IH m. SE. from (Greenfield, 80 W. from Boston. Pop. 987. Here is a well in which a fountain of medicinal water was ojxjued by an earth- quake, in July 1815, tlic waters of which are found beneficial in many cutanmus diseases. SIDDONSBURG, v. York co. Pa. 32 m. from Harrisburg. SIDELINti CREEK, r. Md. flows on Uie E. side of Sideling mountain, and runs into the Potomac. SIDELING MOUNTAINS, range, extend- ing through Huntingdon and Bedford cos. Pa. and Alleghany co. Md. SIDNEY, t. Kennebcck co. Me. on the Ken- nebeck, opposite Vassalborough, 8 m. N. from Augusta, 178 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,191. SIDNEY, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Sus- quehannah, 25 m. W. from Delhi. Pop. 1,410. SILAO, t. Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 20 m. NW. by W. from the city of Guanaxuato. SILVER LAKE, v. Genesee co. N. Y. 267 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. SILVER CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Kcii tuc k v» SIMMON'S ISLAND, small island on the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 80° 10' W. ; lat. 32° 38' N. SIMONSBURG, v. Southampton co. Va. SIMPSON, CO. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. Logan CO. in Ken. W. and NW. Warren N. and Allen E. Length 25 m. mean width 16. Chief town, Franklin. Pop. in 1820, 4,852; in 1830, 6,099. SIMPSONSVILLE, v. Shelby co. Ken. 34 m. from Frankfort. Pop. 77. SIMPSONVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md. 8 m. from W. SIMSBURY, t Hartford co. Ct 11 m. NW. from Hartford. Pop. 2,221. SINEGAR CREEK, r. Md. runs into the Potomac. SING-SING, V. and landing in Mount Pleas- ant, N. Y. on tlie Hudson, 36 m. N. from New York. SINKING SPRING, v. Highland co. Ohio, 23 m. SE. from ChilUcothe. SINKING SPRING, v. Berks co. Pa. 4 m. W. from Reading. SIOUX, r. La. runs S. into the Missouri, 253 m. above the Platte. SIOUX, Little, T. La. runs into the Mis- souri, 733 m. from the Mississippi. SIPPO, r. Ohio, flows into the Scioto, 5 ra below Circlevillc. SIPSY, r. Al. runs into tlie Toinbigbce, Lon. 87° 51' W. ; lat 32° 22' N. SIR JAMES LANCASTER'S SOUND, opens from Baffin's Bay, lat 74° 47' N. and immediately W. from the meridian of W. This great inlet was explored by captain Parry, of Uie British navy, who entered it in 1820, and wintered 1820-21, as far as 111° degrees W. from London, and decided the geography of these regions to 117° W. This \ory important voyage has shown the separation of Greenland 408 SIS-SMY 1 1 1 M |:! PI it mm h from North America, upwards of 200 m. NW. from Cape Farewell, and has placed beyond a doubt the cxiBtcnco of a Polar continent, or Arcliipelago, detached from, or but very slight- ly united to, North America or Asia. SISTER ISLANDS, three small islands to- wards the western extremity of Liike Eric, called the Eastern, Western, and Middle Sis- ters. They arc all small, the largest not ex- ceeding 10 acres. SKENEATELES, v. in the township of MarccUus, Onondaga co. N. Y. 7 ni. E. from Auburn, 1G3 W. from Albany. It is most de- lightfully situated around the W. end of Skc- neatclcs Lake, and is a large, handsome, and flourishing villiigc. SKENEATELES, lake, in W. part of Onondaga co. N. Y. 15 m. long, and from J to li broad. Skencateles creek flows from the N. end to Seneca river, about 10 miles, and affords many fine mill-seats, SKINNERSVILLE, v. Waslungton co. N.C, SKIJPOPING, lake, N. C. Lon. 16° '12' W. ; lat. 35° 45' N. SKUPPERNONG, r. N. C. communicates by means of a canal with tlic lake in Dismal Swamp. SKUTTOCK HILLS, eminences on the coast of Mc. which afford saihng marks into Goldsborough harbor. SLAlJTt)WN, V. Burlington co. N.J. 7 m. E. from Burlington. SLATE MOUNTAIN, mt. Va. 6 m. W. from Richmond. Lon. 72° W.; lat. 37° 35' N. SLATE RIVER, r. Va. runs into James river, lat. 37° 40' N. SLATERSVILLE, v. Tompkins co. N. Y. 210 m. VV. from Albany. SLAUGHTER CREEK, bay on the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. SLAUGHTER RIVER, r. N. America, runs into tlic Missouri, 121 m. below the Great Falls. SLAVE LAKE, large lake of British N. America, between lat. 60° 30' and G2° 30' N. It extends nearly E. and W. 350 m. with a moan width of alwut 40, between lon. 33° and 42° VV. from W. The Unjignh river enters its SE. and leaves it at its NW. ex- tremity. SLAVE RIVER, of British America, the outlet of Atliapescow Lake. SLIPPERY ROCK, river, Pa. on the SE, branch of Beaver, rises in Butler, Venango, and Mercer cos. by a number of creeks, which unite in Beaver and fall into Big Beaver river, 12 m. N. from the Irorough of Beaver. SLOANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y. 48 m. westerly from Albany. SLOANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 155 m. SW. from Ralcisrh. SLOKUM'S ISLAND, one of the EUzabeth Islands, in Buzzard's Bay, Mass, SMETIIPORT, t. and cap. M'Kcan co. Pa. 45 ni. E, from Warren, 273 from W. SMITH, CO. Ten. binmded by Kentucky N. Jackson co. E. White and Warren SE. Wil- son SW. and Sumner W. Length 36 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Carthoffo. Pop. in 1820, 17,580 ; in 1830, 21,492.^;. , SMITH, t. Belmont co. Ohio. SMITH'S ISLAND, island N. C, at the mouth of Cape Fear river. Cape Fear ia the SE. point of it. SMITH'S ISLAND, small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of Virginia. This is one- of a cluster collectively called Smitii's Isl. ands. I,on. 75° .52' W.; lat. 37° 15' N, SMITH'S POINT, cai)c, on the coast of Virginia, formuig the S. Umit of the Potomac. Lat, 37° 54' N. SMITH'S POND, lake, in Wolfsborough, N. H. 3 m. long. SMITH'S RIVER, r. N. H. runs into the Merrimack, in N. piirt of New Chester. SMITH'S RIVER, r. Rockmgham co. N. C. runs into the Dan. SMITHFIELD, t. Providence co. R. I. on the Pawtucket, i2 m. N. from Providence. Pop. 3,994. It is a considerable town, and contains 2 banks, an academy, several nianu- factories of cotton goods and scythes, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Friends, and 1 for Congrcgationalists. SMITHFIELD, t. Madison co. N, Y, 29 m. WSW. from Utica. Pop. 2,636. It is a valu- able township, and contains tlie village of Pc- terlwrough. SMITHFIELD, v. Hopkins co. Ken. SMITHFIELD, v. Isle-of-Wight co, Va. on Pagan creek, about 6 m. above its entrance into James river, 32 WNW. from Norfolk, It is a great depot for hams, which arc exported in irgc quantities. Pagan creek is navigable to this place for boats of 20 tons. SMITHFIELD, t. and cap. Johnson co. N. C. on the Ncuse, 27 m. SE. from Raleigh, about 110 tr. NW, from Newbern, and 313 from W. It is situated on a handsome plain, and contains a court-house and jail, and has some trade. SMITHFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 2,21 4. ' SI\ilTII GROVE, v. Warren co. Ken. 173 m. SW. from Frankfort SMITHLAND, t. Living.ston co. Ken. on the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of the Cum- berland. Pop. 388. SMITTISBOROUGH,v. in Owego, N. Y. S.M1TI1TOWN, t. Suffolk co, N. Y, on N. side (>f Tiong Island, 53 m. E. from New York. Pop.],(i86. SMITHVILLE, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 13 m. SE. from Norwich. Pop. 1,829. SMITHVILLE, t. Brunswick co. N. C. near the mouth of Cape Fear river. SMOCKVILLE, t, Jefferson co. In. SMOKEHILL, r. Louisiana runs into the Kansas, SMYRNA, t, Chenango co, N, Y. 10 m. N. fron) Norwich, 105 W, from Albany. Pop. 1,807. SMYRNA, a flourishing town in Kent ca Delaware, on Duck creek, about 10 m. above its mouth, 12 NNW. from Dover, 28 S. from Newcastle, 120 from W. Pop. about 1,000. SMY— SON 409 ih 36 m. igo. Top. C. at the fear is the ind in the I. This is Smith's Isl. .5'N. le coast of le Potomac. olfsborough, ins into the icstcr. lam CO. N. C. I CO. R. I- on Providence. Ic town, and evcral itianu- nythes, and 3 ^ricnds, and 1 o.N.Y.29m. It is a valu- village of Pc- 00. Ken. ight CO. Va. on e its entrance ,in Norfolk. It li arc exported sk is navigable Is. . Johnson co. from Raleigh, bern, and 313 [andsome plain, jail, and has I CO. Ohio. Pop. CO. Ken. 173 on CO. Ken. on Ithof the Cum- 5wego, N. Y. ±0. N.Y. on N. from New York. Loco. N.Y.13 [",829. vick CO. N. C. Iriver. 1 CO. In. runs into the N.Y. lOm.N. Albany. Top. Iwn in Kent co. but 10 m. above tver, 28 S. from op. about 1,000. It contains a bank and an academy, and carries on considerable trade with Philadel- phia. SMYTHFIELD, t. Somerset co. Pa. 193 ni. from \V. SNAKE CREEK, r. La. runs into the Mis- souri, 246 m. from tlie Mississippi. SNEY DSBOROUGH, t. Richmond CO. N.C. on tlie Yadkin, 200 m. by water, and 120 by land, above Georgetown, S. C. SNICKER'S GAP, v. Loudon co. Va. SNOW RIVER, r. N. America, runs into tlic Missouri 35 m. below the Great Falls. SNOWHILL, t. port of entry, and cap. Worcester eo. Md. on the Pocomoke, 25 m. from its mouth, 125 S. from Philadelphia. Lon. 750 30' W. ; lat. 38° 10' N. It is pleas- antly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a bank, 3 houses of public worship, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and has considerable trade. SNOWHILL, V. Greene co. N.C. SNOWHILL, V. Clinton co. Ohio, 84 m. SW. from (Columbus. SOCIETY-LAND, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 25 ni. SW. from Concord. Pop. 164. • SOCONUSCO, province of (iuatcmala, NW. from the city of Guatemala, 88 m. long, and nearly as mucli broad ; bounded on the N. by the Chiapi, on the E. by Guatemala, on the S. by the Pacific Ocean, and on the W. by the Guaxaca. SOCONUSCO, town of New Spain, capital of a province of the same name, 440 m. SE. of Mexico. Lon. 15° 50' W.; lat. 15° 12' N. from W. SODUS, bay, of N. York, on the S. shore of Lake Ontario, between Senec. and Ontario It is completely secure, 12 m. N. from cos. Lyons, on the Erie canal. It will admit ves- sels drawing 7 or 8 feet water. SODUS, Little, small bay, 12 m. E. from the preceding. SODUS, t. Wayne co. N. Y. on Great Sodus Bay, S. side of Lake Ontario, 30 m. NE. from Canandaigua, 212 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,528. The principal village is called Troup villo. Iron ore is found in this town. Great Sodus Bay is 7 m. long, and 3 broad, and is accounted the best harlx)r on the south side of the Lake. SOLDIER'S RIVER, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 689 m. from the Mississippi. SOLOMON'S RIVER, La. runs into the Kansas. SOLON, t. Somerset co. Me. on the Ken- nebeck, 18 m. N. from Norridgewock. Pop. 768. SOLON, t Cortlandt co» N. Y. 10 m. E. from Homer, 132 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,033. SOMERS, L ToUand co. Ct 8 m. E. from Enfield, 24 NE. from Hartford. Pop. 1,439. SOMERS, t. Westchester co. N.Y. 50 m. N. from New York. Pop. 1,997. It has a pleas- ant village, which contains a printing-office, and has some trade. SOMERSET, CO. Me. bounded by Kennebeck ''^.Oxford W. Lower Canada NW. and Penob- 3B scot E. Pop. in 1820, 21,787 ; in 1830, 35,788. Chief town, Norridgewock. This co. includes a space 1 80 m. long, by upwards of 50 wide. Tlie principal settlements are in the southern part, on Kennebeck river, but a great portion is yet uninhat)itcd. SOMERSET, r. Me. which joins the Ken- ncbeck, at Alna. SOMERSET, t. Windham co. Vt. 14 m. ENE. from Bennington. Pop. 245. SOxMERSE'i', t. Bristol co. Mass. 13 m. SSW. from Taunton, 42 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,024. SOMERSET, CO. N.J. bounded N. by Mor- ris CO. E. by Essex and Middlesex cos. SE. by Middlesex co. and W. by Hunterdon co. Pop. 17,689. Chief town, Somerville. SOMERSET, CO. S. side of Pa. bounded N. by Cambria co. E. by Bedford eo. S. by Mary- land, and W. by Fayette and Westmoreland COS. Pop. 17,441. Somerset is the capital. SOMERSET, bor. and cap. Somerset co. Pa. 35 m. W. from Bcdlhrd, 61 ESE. from Pitts- burg, 165 from W. Pop. 649. It is a pleas- ant town; and contains a court-house, a jail, and a meeting-iiouse. SOMERSET, CO. Md. bounded N. by Dela- ware, E. by Worcester co. S. by Pocomoke Bay, W. by tlic Chesapeake, and NW. by Dor- chester eo. Pop. 20,155. Cliicf town. Prin- cess Anne. SOMERSET, t. and cap. Perry co. Ohio, 18 m. W. from Zanesvillc, 53 NE. from Cliilli- cothe, .354 from W. Pop. 576. SOMERSET, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Ken. 12 m. SSE. from Stanford, 601 from W. Pop. 231. It is situated in a fertile country. SOMERSET, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,790. SOMERSET, V. Franklin co. In. 81 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. SOMERSET FORGE, v. Somerset co. Pa. SOMERSWORTH, t. Straftbrd co. N. H. 4 m. NE. from Dover, and 15 NNW. from Ports- mouth. Pop. 3,090. SOMERTON, v. near the S. boundary of Nanseinond co. Va. 40 m. SW. from Norfolk, and 124 SE. from Richmond. SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Som- erset CO. N. J. on Raritan river, 16 m. above New Brunswick, and 38 N. from Trenton. It has a delightful situation, in a fertile and highly cultivated country, and has a hand- some appearance. SOMERVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. 56 m. from W. and 133 a little W. of N. from Rich- mond. SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, on Locust Fork of Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa river, Morgan co. Al. about 50 m. a little E. of S. from Huntsville. SONORA Y SINALOA, state of Mexico, bounded E. by the states of Chihuahua and Durango, SE. and S. by Jalirco, W. and SW. by the Gulf of California, and N. by the river Gila, and tlic native Indian regions of Apa- cheria. Length from N. to S. 1,340 m. mean width about 200, area 268,000 sq. ms. The existing white and civilized population of this 410 SOR— SOU very extensive country amounts, it is most probable, to less tlian ^00,000, or less than u single person to the sq. ni. SOREL, t. L.V. on St. Lawrence river, im- mediately below the month of Sorel river. It is a regularly built town, containing about 2,000 inhabitants. SOREL, r. L. C. the outlet of Lake (Jhani- plain. It admits ship navigation to St. John's. From thence to the basin of Chambly, the cur- rent is strong, and im|)eded by shoals and rapids; but from Chambly to tlie moutii, gentle. The distance from Lake Cliamplain, to St. John's, about 20 m. and from thence to the mouth 55 m. It is the channel of an extensive down-stream trade, in flour, lumber, jjot and pearl ashes. SOUCOOK, r. N.IL rises in Gilmanton, and runs S\V. into the 3Ierrimack river, N. of Pembroke. SOUHEGAN, r. rises in W. part of Hills- borough CO. N. H. and runs E. into the Merri- mack river, in the town of Merrimack, opijo- ■ite Litchfield. SOUTHAMPTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 18 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 487. SOUTHAMPTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. SW. from Northampton, and 98 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,253. In this town tliere is a lead mine. The ore yields from 50 to 60 per cent of pure, soft lead. SOUTHAMPTON, t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on S. side of Long Island, 100 m. E. from New York. Pop, 4,850. Sag Harbor, Westhamp- ton, Southampton, and Bridge Hampton, in each of which tliere is a post-ofEce, are in tliis township. SOUTHAMPTON, co. SE. part of Va. bounded NW. by Sussex and Surrey cos. E. by Isle of Wight and Nansemoud cos. S. by North Carolina, and SW. by Greensville co. Pop. 16,073. Chief town, Jerusalem. SOUTH BAINBRIDGE, v. Chenango co. N. Y. on Susquehannah river, 17 m. S. from Norwich. SOUTH BAY, bay on the coast of Long Island, extending from Hempstead toSoutli- ampton. SOUTH BAY, an arm of Lake Champlain, extending W. from the S. extremity. SOUTH BERWICK, t. York co. Maine. Fop. 1,577. SOUTHBOROUGH, t. Worcester co. Moss. 18 m. NNE. from Worcester, and 28 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,080. SOUTH BRIDGE, t S. part of Worcester CO. Mass. 54 m. SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,444. SOUTH BRIDGEWATER, t. in the NW. part of Plymouth co. Mass. 36 m. SSE. from Boston. SOUTHBURY, t. New Haven co. Ct 22 m. NW. from New-Haven. Pop. 1,557. SOUTH CANAAN, parish in the town of Canaan, Litchfield co. Ct. on Housatonnuc r. 20 m. NNW. from Litchfield, and 44 NW. by W. from Hartford. SOUTH CREEK, r. N.C. runs into Pam- lico Sound. Lon. 76° 48' W. ; lat. 34° 51' N. SOUTH-EAST, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 18 m. E. from West-Point. Pop. 2,042. SOUTH FLORENCE, v. in the northern part of Franklin co. Al. SOUTH GATE, v. Campbell co. Ken. 81 m. NNE. from Frankfort. SOU'l'H GERMAN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 15 m. NW. by W. from Norwich. SOUTH (iLASTONBURY, t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of the Connecticut river, 8 m, SE. from Hartlbrd. SOUTH IlADLEY.t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the E. bank of the Connecticut river, 5 m. below Nortliampton. A fall of 50 feet in the Connecticut river at this place, has been over- come by a dam and a canal of 712 perches in length, with 5 locks. The whole canal is cut through the solid rock. Pop. 1,185. It con- tains a flourishing academy. SOUTH HARPERSFIELD, t. Delaware CO. N. Y. on the head of Oquago, branch of Delaware river, 96 m. SW. by W. from Al- bany. SOUTH HERO, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on an island in Lake Champlain, 15 m. NNW. from Burlington. Pop. 717. SOUTH HILL, V. Mecklenburg co. Va. SOUTH HILL, V. Muhlenburg co. Va. SOUTH MOUNTAIN, mt Pa. on the W side of Adams co. SOUTHINGTON, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. SOUTHINGTON. t. Hartford co. Ct. 18 m. SW. from Hartford, 325 from W. Pop. 1,844. SOUTH KILLINGLY, v. Windliam co. Ct. 45 m. E. from Hartford. SOUTH KINGSTON, t. and seat of jus- tice, Washington co. R. I. at the mouth of Narraganset bay, 20 m. SW. from Providence, 389 from W. Pop. 3,663. SOUTH KORTRIGHT, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the head of Charlotte river, branch of the Susquehannah, situated between Harpers- field and Broomville. SOUTH LEICESTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. on the head of French river, branch of Quinebadg river, 10 m. SW. from Worcester. SOUTH NEW BERLIN, t. Chenango co. N. Y. on the Susquehannah river, below New Berlin, and 10 m. NE. from Norwich, SOUTHOLD, t. Suffolk co, N.Y. on NE. part of Long Island. Pop. 2,900, SOUTH ORANGE, t. Franklin co, Mass. on Miller's river, 20 m. E. from Greenfield, and 73 a little N. of W. from Boston, SOUTH PARIS, t. Oxford co. Me, 47 m. NNW. from Portland. SOUTH PEMBROKE, t, on the western border of Genesee, co. N. Y. 30 m. E. from Buf- falo, and 12 SW. 'from Batavia. SOUTH QUAY, v. Nansemond co. Va. SOUTH RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Ches- apeake, 6 m. S. from Annapolis. SOUTH RIVER, v, Middlesex co. N. J. 32 m. from Trenton. SOUTH RIVER, small bay, extending NW, fi'om the Chesapeake Bay, in Ann-Arundel co. Md. 6 m. S. from Annapolis. SOUTH RUTLAND, v, Jefferson co. N.Y. ir SOU— S1>R 411 ,Y.18m. I northern [ven. 81 m. 3C0.N.Y. [artford co. river, 8 m. :e CO. Mass. river, 5 m. foot in tlie 3 been over- ! perclics in ;anal is cut 35. It con- t. Delaware , branch of IV. from Al- co. Vt. on an NNW. from rg CO. Va. g CO. Va. •a. on the W II CO. Ohio. CO. Ct. 18 m. . Pop. 1,844. ^indliam co. i seat of jus- he mouth of n Providence, )elaware co. ver, branch of i^een Harpers- tVorccster co. ver, branch of )m Worcester. Chenango co. er, below New rwich. N.Y. onNE. 0. klin CO. Mass. )m Greenfield, oston. CO. Me. 47 m. m the western .E.fromBuf- ond CO. Va. , into the Ches- 3ex CO. N. J. 32 extending NW. nn-Arundel co. Ferson co. N.Y. on the head of Sandy creek, 15 ni. SE. by E. from Sacket'« Harbor. SOUTH SAI,EM, t. Westchester co. N. Y. about 50 m. N. by E. from New York. Pop. 1,557. SOUTH SANDWICH, t. Biirnstablc co. Mass. situate on the western border of the co. between Sandwich and Marchpce, 60 m. SSE. from Boston. SOUTH SCITUATE,t. Providence co. R. I. 12 m. SW. by W. from Providence. SOUTH SOLON, t. on Kenncbcck r. Som- erset co. Me. 40 ni. N. from Augusta, and 103 a little E. of N. from Portland. SOUTH SPARTA, v. near the southern boundary of Livingston co. N. Y. 30 m. SW. from Canandaigua. SOUTH TAMWORTH, t. in the northern port of Strafford co. N. 1 1, on Bear Camp creek of Ossipee lake, 65 ni. NNE. from Concord. SOUTHVILLE, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. SOUTHWICK, t. Hampden co. Mass. Pop. 1,85.5. SOUTHWOLD, t. Middlesex co. U. C. on Lake Erie. SOUTH YARMOUTH, v. Barnstable co. Mass. SPAFFORD, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on E. side of Skencateles Lake, 13 m. S. from Onon- daga. Pop. 2,647. SPAFFORD'S LAKE, in Chesterfield, N. H. It is 2 miles long. SPAGGOT, r. rises in N. H. and runs into the Merrimack, in Methuen. SPANISH GROVE, v. Mecklenburg co. Virginia. SPARTA, t. Ontario co. N.Y. 25 m. SW. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,943. SPARTA, t. and cap. Hancock co. Geo. 25 m. NE. from Milledgeville, 64 SW. from Au- gusta, 618 from W. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and 2 resjwctable academics. SPARTA, V. and seat of justice. White co. Ten. on Calfkiller's fork of Craney river, 65 m. E. from Murfreesborough, 75 SE. by E. from Nashville, 623 from W. SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, Coneculi CO. Al. on Murder creek, brancli of Conecuh r. about 70 m. a little E. of N. from Pcnsacola, 90 NE. from Mobile, 971 from W. SPARTANBURG, district, S. C. bounded by N. Carolina N. York and Union districts E. Enoree river or Laurens S. and Greenville W. Length 40 m. mean width 22. Chief town, Spartanburg. Pop. in 1820, 16,989; in 1830, 21,148. SPARTANBURG, t. and cap. Spartanburg district, S. C. 35 m. NE. from Greenville, 477 from V^. SPEEDSVILLE, v. Tioga co. N. Y. SPEEDWELL, v. Claiborne co. Ten. 200 m, NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. SPEEDWELL MILLS, v. Barnwell dis- trict, S. C. SPEIGHTSTOWN, s-p. of Barbadoes, on the W. side of the island. Lon. SS' 31' W. ; lat. 13° 15' N. SPEIGLETOWN, v. in the NW. corner of Rensselaer co. N. Y. SPENCER, CO. In. bounded by Ohio r. S. Warwick co. W. Dubois N. and Perry E. ; length 30 m. breadtli 12. It is generally hilly and broken, but the soil is very good. Chief town, Rockiwt. Pop. in 1820, 1,882; in 1830, 3,187. SPENCER, V. and scat of justice, Owen co. In. on a small creek of White river, about 50 m. SW. from Indianapolis, 624 from W. SPENCER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 11 m. WSW. from Worcester, 51 WSW. from Bos- ton. Pop, 1,618. SPENCER, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 54 m. S. from Auburn, 191 WSW. from Albany. Pop. 1,253. SPENCER MOUNTAINS mts. Me. 10 m. E. of Mooschead Lake. SPENCERTOWN, v. in IlUlsdalc, N. Y, SPITHEAD CREEK, r. America, rmis into the Ohio. SPIJT-ROCK CREEK, r. La. runs into tlie Missouri, 170 m. W. from Mississippi. SPOON, r. II. rises between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, at Lat. 4P 20' N. and foils into the former 150 m. above its influx into tlie Mississippi. SPOTSWOOD, v. Middlesex co. N.J. 9 m. SE. from New Brunswick. It contains an Episcopal church, a powder-mill, 2 snuff-mills, and upwards of 30 houses. SPOTSYLVANIA, co. Va. bounded N. by the Rappaliannoclt, SE. by CaroUne co. SSW. by Hanover and Louisa cos. and NW. by Orange co. Pop. 15,227. Chief town, Fred- ericksburg, SPREAD EAGLE, v. Delaware co. Pa. SPRIGG, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,739. SPRINGBOROUGH, v. Warren co. Ohio. SW. from Columbus. SPRING CREEK, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,061. SPRINGFIELD, t. Ross co. Ohio. Pop. 930. SPRINGFIELD, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 1,207. SPRINGFIEI,D, t. Loudon co. Va. SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Va. on S. brancli of the Potomac, 10 m. NE. from Rornney, 58 WNW. from Winchester. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Washington CO. Ken. 30 m. NW. from Danville, 600 from W. Pop. 618. It contains a bank. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Robertson co. Ten. on Sulphur Fork, 25 m. N. from Nasli- ville. Pop. 700. Fourteen miles E. of this town there is a mineral spring, which is much re- sorted to. SPRINGFIELD, t. Windsor co. Vt. on the Connecticut, opposite Charlestown, 13 m. SSW. from Windsor. Pop, 2,749. SPRINGFIELD, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 36 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,202. SPRINGFIELD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. NE. from Cooperstown, 58 VV. from Albany. Pop. 2,816, SPRINGFIELD, t, Essex co, N. J. 15 m. SW. from N. Y. Pop. 1,653. 412 SPR— STA SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Hampden co. Mass, on E. side of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Northampton, 28 N. from Hartford, 48 WSW. from Worcester, 88 W. by S. from Boston, 363 from W. I.on. 72° 36' W. ; Int. 42° 6' N. Pop. 6,784. It contains a number of public buildings and manuliictorics, 2 pub- lic libraries, and a great number of elegant houses. The U. S. arsenal, a little east of the village, makes an imposing show. An U. S. manufactory of small-arms is situated about a mile from the arsenal, employing a number of mills and work-shops, and about 250 hands, who manufacture about 18,000 muskets a-year. Tills town contains also extensive manufacto- ries ot" cotton goods, paper, &.c. SPRINciFIKl,]), West, t Hampden co. Mass. on W. side of the Connecticut, opposite Springfield. Pop. .'1,272. This ia a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and contains 4 parishes, in each of which is a meeting- house. SPRINGFIELD, t. Burlington co. N. J. 18 m. from Trenton. Pop. 1,534. SPRINGFIELD, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 12 m. N. from Cincinnati. Pop. 3,025. SPRINGFIELD, t. Clarke co. Ohio, 13 m. S. from Urbana, 42 W. from Columbus. Pop. 2,602. It is a flourishing town, and contains a woollen manufactory. SPRINGFIELD, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Fop. 2,030. SPRINGFIELD, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 1,04J. SPRINGFIELD, t. La. in the parish of St. Helena, about 30 m. WNVV. from Madison- ville. SPRINGFIELD, v. York district, S. C. SPRINGFIELD, v. Susquehannali co. Pa. 49 m. from W. SPRING ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of S. Carolina. Lat. 32° 22' N. SPRING PLACE, a Moravian missionary station among the Cherokees, '5 m. SE. from Brainerd, 120 NW. from Athens. A consid- erable number of Cherokee children have been educated at tliis place. SPRINGVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N.C. SPRINGVILLE, t. Clarke co. In. Pop 1,754. SPRING GARDEN, v. Pittsylvania, Va. 130 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. SPRING GARDEN, v. Rockinghti"! co. N. C. 113 m. NW. from Raleigh. SPRING GROVE, v. Iredell co. N. C. 195 m. westerly from Raleigii. SPRING GROVE, v. Laurens district, S. C. 65 rn. northwesterly from Columbia. SPRING-HILL, v. Fauquier oo. Vo. SPRING-HILL, V. Louisa co Va. SPRING-HILL, t. Clarke co. In. Pop. 1,561. SPRING-HILL, V.Chesterfield co. Va. SPRING-HILL, V. Lenoir co. N. C. SPRING-HILL, V. Jefferson co. Geo. SQUAM, lake, N. H. in Sandwich, Moul- tonborough, Centre Harbor, and Holdemess, 6 m. long, and 4 broad. SQUAM, r. N. H. runs from Squam liakc SW. into the Merrimack. SQUANICOOK, r. Mass. runs SE. into the Nashua, E. of Shirley. STAATSBUR(i, y. in Clinton, N. Y. 10 m N. from Poughkeepsie. STAFFORD, t. Tolland co. Ct. 9 m. NE from Tolland, 27 NE. from Hartford, 73 WSW. from Boston. Pop. 2,514. It contains a fur- nace for casting hollow-ware, and a famous chalyi)cate spring, with good accommodations for visitors. Its waters have proved beneficial m a variety of diseases, and are resorted to by those afllietcd with dropsy, gout, rheumatism, piles, scrofula, cutaneous eruptions, ifec. STAFFORD, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 2,05!». STAFFORD, co. NE. part of Va. bounded N. by Prince William co. NE. by the Poto- mac and Prince George co. S. by the Rappa- hannock, and W. by Culpepcr and Fauquier COS. Pop. 9,362. Chief town, Falmouth. STAFFORD, v. Orange co. Vt. 45 m. NE. from Rutland. STAFFORD, t Genesee co. N. Y. 8 m. a little S. of E. from Batavia, and about 30 SW from Rocliester. Poj). 2,307. STAFFORD, C. H. Stafford co. Va. 47 m. SSW. from W. and 76 a little E. of N, from Richmond. STAGE ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maiuc, not fir from Casco Bay, remarkable for beinar the first land inhabited by Europe- ans in New England. STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. Y. STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C. STAMFORD, t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. SE. from Bennington. Pop. 563. STAMFORD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, 9 m. SW. from Norwalk, 31 NE. from N. Y. 40 SW. from New Haven. Pop. 3,795. It contains 4 parishes and 6 churches. STAMFORD, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. ENE. from Delhi. Pop. 1,597. STANFORD, t. and cap. Lincoln co. Ken. 10 m. SSE. from Danville, 40 SSW. from Lex- ington, 567 from W. Pop. 363. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a rope-walk. STANFORD, t. Dutchess co. N.Y. 18 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,521. It is a valuable township, and contains several paper- mills, and otiier vahrable mills. STANFORDVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 87 m. SE. from Albany. STANHOPE, t. Morris co. N.J. STANNARDSVILLE, t. Orange co. Va. 23 m. N. by W. from Charlottesville, and 95 NW. from Richmond. STANTON HILL, v. Charlotte co. Va. STANl'ONSBURG, v. Edgecombe co. N.C. STAR ISLAND, one of the Isles of Shoals, belonging to Maine. STARK, CO. Ohio, bounded N. by Portage, E. by Columbiana, S. by Tuscarawas, and W. by Wayne. Length 33 m. width 30. Pop. in 1820, 14,506; in 1830, 26,780. Chief town, Canton. STARKEY, v. Steuben CO. N. Y. 33; froi int wit spo it STA— STO 413 STARKS, t. Somerset co. Me. 7 m. W. from Norridgewock, and 200 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,471. STARKSnOROTTGH, t. Addison co. Vt. 28 m. W. from Moiit|K'lier. Pop. 1,342. STARR, t Hocking co. O'lio. Pop. 295. STATEN ISLAND, isl. belonging to New York, and forming tlie county of Richmond. It is about 18 ni. in length, and, where widest, 8 in breadth. The island in general is rough, and the liilb high. Pop. 7,084. STATES BOROUGH, v. and sent of justice, Bullock CO. Geo. 4.1 m. NW. from Savannali. STATESBURG, t. and cap. Clarcmont dis- trict, S. C, E. of the Watcree, 30 m. S. from Camden, 470 from W. It contains a court- house, a jail, and a few houses. STAT ESVJLLE, t. and cap. Iredell co. N.C. 24 m. WSW. from Salisbury, 3!i8 from \V. It contains a court-house, n jail, un academy, a church, and about 50 houses. STAUNTON,- t. and cap. Augusta co. Va. 40 m. WNW. from Charlottesville, 95 SW. from Winchester, 120 WNVV. from Richmond, 163 from W. It is pleasantly situated in a healthy part of the country, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 3 churches, and nearly 2,000 inhabitants. STAUNTON, t Miami co. Ohio, on the Miami, 1 m. E. from Troy. Pop. 1,081. STAUNTON, a principal branch of the Roanoke, Va. It rises on W. side of the Blue Ridge, and there has tlie name of Roanoke, but after its passage through the Blue Ridge, it takes the name of Staunton, which it retains to its junction with the Dan, on the W. border of Mecklenburg co. STEDMANSVILLE, v. Meigs co. Ohio. STEPHENTOWN, t Rensselaer co. N. Y. 22 m. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,716. STERLING, t. Franklin co. Vt. 30 m. NNW. from Montpelier. Pop. 183. STERLING, t. Worcester co. Mass. 5 m. W. by S. from Lancaster, 12 N. from Worces- ter, 44 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,789. It is a valuable agricultural town, and has a consid- erable village. STERLING, t Windham co. Ct. 4 m. E, from Plainfield, and 18 NE. from Norwich. Pop. 1,240. STERLING, NW. t Cayuga co. N.Y Pop. 1,436. STEP LING, V. Wayne co. Pa. 156 m. NE from Harrisburg. STERLINGVILLE, t. Granville co. N.C. STEUBEN, t Washington co. Me. on the Naraguagus river, 311 m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 695. STEUBEN, ca N.Y. bounded N. by Onta- rio CO. E. by Seneca Lake, and Tioga co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Alleghany co. Pop. 33,975. Chief town, Bath. STEUBEN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 20 m. N. from Utica. Pop. 2,094. Baron Steuben died in this town in 1796, and here his ashes repose, without a stone \a direct the passenger to the spot STEUBENVILLE, L and cap. Jefferson co. Oliio, on the Ohio, 69 m. by tlie river, below Pittsburg, 38 by land, 109 above Marietta, 25 NE. from St. Clairsville, 150 E. by N. from Colutrihus. Lon. 8^ 40' W.; lat. 40° 25' N. Pop. 2,937. It is a very flourishing town, with many fine buildings, lour hiindsome churches, and u large number of manufactur- ing establishments, such as woollen and cot- ton factories, furnaces, |)apcr-niills, Ac. mostly propelled by steam. Also an academy, two banks, and a printiiig-ofTice. STEWART, NW. co. Ten. E. on Tennea- see liver, bounded by Ken. NE. Montgomery CO. Ten. E. Diekson co. SE. Humphreys S. and Tennessee river, or Henry co. W. Length 22 m. mean width 20. Pop, in 1820, 8,388 ; in 1830, r.,988. C:hicf town, Dover. STEWARTSTOWN, t. C(«s co. N. H. on the Connecticut, 40 m. N. from Lancaster, and 460 from W. Pop. .Wit. STEWARTSVILLE, v. Sussex co. N. J. 60 m. N. from Trenton. STEWARTSV7' ^E, v. in the W. part of Westmoreland co. Pa. on the road from Greens- burg to Pittsburg, 12 m. from the former, and 14 from the latter place. STILL VALLEY, v. Sussex co. N.J. STILLWATER, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, 22 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 2,601. Bemas's Heights are in this town- ship, 3 m. N. of the village. This place is memorable for a battle fought on the 19th of September, 1777, between the Americans and British. STILLWATER, r. Ohio, runs SE. into the Great Miami, above Dayton, and opposite the moutli of Mad river. STOCK, t. Harrison co. Ohio. Pop. 1,066. STOCKBRIDGE, t. Windsor cc. Vt. 32 m. NW. from Windsor. Pop. 1,333. STOCKBRIDGE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 6 m. S. from Lenox, 12 S. from Pittsficld, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,580. It is watered by the Housatonnuc, is a pleasant town, and contains a printing-office and several cotton and woollen manufactories. There is a quarry of marble in this town. STOCKBRIIXiE, West, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 10 m. SSW. from Lenox, 135 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,208. Here are very valuable qvarries of wliitc and blue marble, and an iron mine. STOCKHOLM, t. St Lawrence co. N. Y. 30 m. E. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 1,944. STOCKTON, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. 10 m. a little W. of S. from Fredonia, and 60 m. SW. from Buffalo. Pop. 1,604. STODDARD, t Cheshire co. N.H. 14 m. NE. from Keene, 44 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,159. STODDERTSVILLE, v. Luzerne co. Pa. STOKES, CO. N. C. bounded by Virginia N. Rockingham and Guilford cos. N. C. E. Row- an S. and Surrey W. Length 40 m. width 24. Chief towm, Salem. Pop. 16,196. STOKES, t Montgomery co. N. C. near the Yadkin. STOKES, t Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 560. 414 STO— SUP STOKESBTJRY, v. Stokes co. N. C. 140 m. NW. from Raleigh. STONE CREEK, r. MisHissippi, runs into the Mississippi, lat. .'{2^ H' N, STONEHAM.t. Middl.'Hex co. Mass. D m. N. from Hoston. Pop. 7.'13. STONE'S RIVER, r. Ten. runs NW. into the Cumberliiiul, (i ni. nlwvc Niisiivillc. STONE FORT, v. Eranlilin co. Ten. STONESHOROrCJH, V. (Jreeno co. Ken. STONEWAF-I, CREEIv, r. N. America, runs into tiie Missouri, just iilmvc the natural stone-walls, !(.5 ni. below the (ireat Falls. STONINGTON, s-p. New London co. (^t. 12 m. E. from New London. Pop. of the township, 3,401. The liarlwr sets up from the Sound, opposite Fisher's Island. It borders on Rhode Island, and is a place of some trade. This town was bombarded by the British, without effect, Aug. 8, 1814. It is a place of Bome resort for sea-batliing, during the sum- mer. STONINGTON, North, t. New London co. Ct 9 m. N. from Stonington. Pop. 2,840. . STONO INLET, r. or channel, S. C. which separates the islands of James and John, and runs into the Atlantic, Ion. 80° 3' W. ; lat. 38° 41' N. STONY BROOK, v. Brookhaven, N. Y. 3 m. E. from Sautucket. STONY ISLAND, isl. in E. end of Lake Ontario, SW. from Sacket's Harbor. STONY POINT, V. Albemarle co. Va. STONY POINT, V. Abbeville districts. Cj BTONY POINT, on the W. bank of the river Hudson, 40 m. above New York. For- merly a military post; was taken by storm from the British by Gen. Anthony Wayne, in the war of the Revolution, July 16, 1779. . STORMVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y. STOUGHTON, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. from Boston. STOUGSTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa. 45 m. westerly from Harrisburg. STOUTS, V. Washington co, Miso. STOW, t Washington co. Vt 22 m. NNW. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,570. STOW, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 1,221. STOW, t. Portage co. Ohio. STOW CREEK, r. N. J. runs into the Delaware. STOW CREEK, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on Stow creek. Pop. 791. STOWSVILLE, V. Lincoln co. N. C. 185 m. westerly from Raleigh. STRAFFORD, co. E. part of N. H. bounded N. by Coos CO. E. by Maine, SW. by Rocking- ham CO. and W. by Grafton co. Pop. 58,916. Chief towns, Dover, Gilmanton, Rochester, and Durham. STRAFFORD, t. Orange co. Vt. 35 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 1,935. Here is on ex- tensive copperas manufactory. STRAFFORD, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 15 m. NW. from Johnstown. Pop. 552. STRAIGHT CREEK, r. N. America, runs into the Ohio, Ion. 84° 2' W. ; lat. 38° 38' N. STRASBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. E. of North Mountain, 9 m. NNW. from Clmmbers- burg, II.') m. W. from Philadelphia. S'l'RASni!!{<;, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 8 m. SE. from Liiiieaster, 5H W. from Phihidclpliia, 110 from W. I'op. l,03(i. It is a pleasant and considerable town. The village is built cliictly of brick and stone. STRASBIIRC;, v. Shenandoah co. Va. 12 m. NNE. from Woodstock, 88 from W. It contains about 00 houses. STRA'l'FORD, t. Coos co. N. II., E. of tiie Connecticut, 18 m. N. from Lancaster. Pop. 443. STRATFORD, t. Fairfield co. Ct. on W. side of Stratford river, near its mouth, 14 m. SW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,807. It is a pleasant town, and has an academy and some trade. STRATHAM, t. Rockingham co. N. II. 8 ni. SW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 838. STRATTON, t. Windham co. Vt. 23 m. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 312. STRAWBERRY RIVER, r. NW. Territo- ry, runs into Lake Superior, W. of Goddard's river. STRONG, t Somerset co. Me. 24 m. NW. from Norridgewock, 308 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 985. STUARTSBURG, v. Westmoreland co. Pa. STUART'S LAKE, N. America, W. of tlie Chippewan mountains. It is but imperfectly known, but represented as 300 m. in circum- ference. The NW. Company have a fort on its banks, at lat. 54° 30' N. and Ion. 48° W. from W. STUMPSTOWN, t. Daui)hin co. Pa. on a branch of the little Swatara, 24 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. STURBRIDGE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. SW. from Worcester, 58 SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,688. It is watered by the Quinebaug, and the turnpike from Worcester to Hartford passes through the town. STURGEON, bay of Green Bay, setting up SE. towards Lake Michigan, opposite the mouth of Menomonie river, and 45 m. NNE. from the mouth of Fox river. SUCCESS, t. Coos CO. N. Hampshire, E. of the Androscoggin, 23 m. £. from Lancaster. Pop. 14. SUCK CREEK, r. Ten. runs into the Ten- nessce, at the Whirl. SUCKASUNNY, v. Morris co. N. J. It is a pleasant village, and contains a Presbyterian meeting-house, and an academy. SUDBURY, t. Rutland co. Vt. 53 ni. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 812. SUDBURY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 1,424. SUDBURY, East, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 18 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 944. SUFFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on W. bank of the Connecticut, 11 m. S. from Springfield, 17 N. from Hartford. Pop. 2,690. It is a pleasant and considerable town, and contains several churches for Presbyterians and Bap- tists. Here is a mineral spring considerably resorted to. SUFFIELD, southern t. Portage co. Ohio. exteil tains SI Kend iibors- 8 III. ciisaiil H built Vii. 12 vv. u . of tllR •. Top- . on W- 11, 11 >"• It is a nd BOiue , N. H. 8 rt. 23 m. ■. Territo Goddard's I m. NW. in Boston. ind CO. Ta. ^,W. ofUie iniperfecUy in circum- B a fort on Ion. 48° W. 0. Pa. on a ENE. from Mass. 18 IroHi Boston. Quinebaiig, to Hartford y, setting up opposite the g m. NNE. pshire, E. of Lancaster. Into the Ten- 1. N. J. It is 1 Presbyterian I. 53 m. SW. iMass. 22 m. lex CO. Mass. |t.'onW.bank Springfield, |690. It is a _, and contains fans and Bap- considerably Be CO. Ohio. SUF— SUR 415 SUFFOLK, CO. MiKMs. coiiiprisin^ only tlii' towns of Boston iind ("IioIhcu, which sec. 'I'his county comprises only ii very snmll spot on till! confinctit, lloston |HMiinsulii, and tiic islands in the hiirl.or. Pop. in l^-^i), l!),:' U ; in IS.'iO, SUFKOfiK', CO. N. Y. comprising the K. part of liOiig Island, hounded hy (inecn's W. Long Isliuui Sound N.and the Atlantic Ocean NF,., 10. and S. Jjcngth 80 in. mean width 8. Soil of tin; whole county rather sterile. Chief towns, Rivcr-hciul, Sag Ilarl)or, and South- ampton. Pop. in 1«:20, 24,272; in 183U, 2C,!)8(). SUFFOLK, C. IT. Suffolk co. N. Y. SUFFOFjK, t. and cap. Nanacinond co. Va. on the river Nnnseniond, HO SW. from IJmn|)- ton, Sri SE. from Richmond, :2^'() from W. It contains a court-house and a jail. Th(! river is navigable to this i)lacc for vessels of 2CM tons. SUCJAR CREEK, r. Pa. runs E. into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, about (i in. above Towanda creek. SUGAR CREEK, SW. t. of Stark co.Ohio. Pop. 1,261. SUGAR CREEK, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, in which is the town of Slianesvillc. Pop. y82. SUGAR CREEK, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 2,177. SUGAR CREEK, t Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 948. SUGAR CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Little Miami, above Waynesville. SUGAR RIVER, r. Michigan, runs into Saganaum Bay. SUGAR RIVER, r. N. H. runs from the Sunapee Lake into tlie Connecticut, in Clarc- mont. SUGGSVILLE, v. Clarke co. Al. 12 m. from Claiborne. SULLIVAN, t. Hancock eo. Mc. at the head of Frencliman's Bay, 30 m. E. from Cas- tine, 280 NE. from Boston. Pop. 538. SULLIVAN, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 6 m. NNE. from Keene, 48 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 555. SULLIVAN, CO. N. Y. bounded NW. by Delaware co. NE. by Ulster co. S. by Orange CO. and SW. by the Delaware, which separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 12,372. Cliief town, Monticello. SULLIVAN, t. Madison co. N. Y. on S. side of Oneida Lake. Pop. 4,077. Gypsum and iron ore are found here. SULLIVAN, CO. NE. part of East Tennes- see. Pop. 10,073. Chief town, Blountsville. SULLIVAN ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of Ashley and Cooper rivers, 6 m. below Charles- ton, S. C. This island is much resorted to by the people of Charleston during the summer months. SULLIVAN'S MOUNTAINS, in N. H. extending from Coekburne to the White Moun- tains, about 2,000 feet high. SULPHUR CREEK, branch of Green r. in Kentucky. Sl'.MANYSTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Pa. X\ in. N\W. from l'hiladel|.hiu. SI'MMIluriKLI), v. (Jnillhrd eo. N. C. Sl'MMIT U|{II)(;i;, V. Newcastle co. Del. SI'MMITSVILLF, v. Sullivan eo. N. Y. SI '\l N IIU, t. < ).\li.nl CO. Me. C. ni. N I',, from Paris, 170 NNH. Mu\ Hoslon. I'..p. I,0:»!», SlJ,MNi:i{, CO. on N. side of West Tennes- see. Pop. 'JIMiOti. (Niief town, (iallutui. Sll.Mi'TMR, district of S. ('. IxiniKhd by Santee river or Chiirleston district S. Santee river or Oraiigehiirg SW. Wateree river or Richland W. Kershaw NW. liyrich's creek, river, or Darlington NIO. and Williamsburg N. Length .'iO, mean width 30 m. Black river, branch of (ircat Pcdee, takes its rise in this district. The canal connecting Santeo river with Charleston iiarbor leaves the Santee, nearly o|)positc to the SF. angle of Sumner. Chiel'town, Suinplcrvillc. Pop. in 1820,25,36!); in IKJO, ^8,',>7H. SlLMI'TKRVITiLE, v. and scat of justice, Sunipter district, S. ('. on the dividing ground between the two main branc'hcs of Black river, about 100 in. a litth; W. of N. from (Charleston. SUMTFRSVILLE, v. Claremont co. S. C. SUNAPEE, lake, N. II. in Fishcrsfield, Wendell, and Niiw London. It is 11 m. long, and IS broad. Iiittle Sunapee, 2 m. long, lies NE. of it, in New LondoT'. SUNAl'FE, int. N. II.,S.of Sunnpee Lake. SUNIJURY, bor. and cap. Nortliuinberland CO. Pa. on the Sus(incliamiah, I m. below the junction of the F. and W. branches, 2 m. S. from Northuinhcrland, 56 N. from llarrisburg, 12a NW. hy W. from Philadelphia, 162 from W. Pop. 1,057. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a Presbyte- rian and a IjUtherun church, whicii are all handsome and spacious structures. SUNBURY, t. (.'atcs co. N.C. SUNHURY, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 828, SUNBURY, s-p. Liberty co. (ico. at the head of St. Catherine's Sound, 42 m. SSW. from Savannah. The harbor is safe and com- modious, and the situation of the town is pleasant and healthy. Planters from the coun- try resort here in the sickly season. SUNCOOK, r. N. II. runs SW. into the Merrimack, 7 m. below Concord. SUNDERLAND, t. Bennington co. Vt 20 m. NNH. from Bennington. Pop. 463. SUNDERLAND, t. Franklin co. Mass. E. of the Connecticut, 8 m. S. from Greenfield, 90 W. from Boston. Pop. 666. SUNFISH C;REEK, r. Ohio, runs into Uic Ohio, 22 111. below Indian Wheeling. SUNFISH, t. Pike co. Ohio. Pop. 568. SURREY, N. C. bounded by Va. N. Stokes CO. in N. ('. E. Rowan and Iredell S. and Wilkes and Ashe W. It is 'irained by the ex- treme northern sources oi' the Yadkin. Sur- face hilly, and in part mountainous. Chief town, Rockford. Pop. in 1820, 12,320; in 1830, 14,501. SURREY, t. Cheshire co.N. H. 8 m. NNW. from Kccne, 62 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 539. 410 SUR— TAB SURREY, t. Hancock co. Me. 18 m. NE. from CciHtinc, 257 NE. from UoHlon. Pop. .IGl. SUIUUOY, CO. Va. bounded N. by Prince (ieortc CO. and James river, SE. hy IbIc of Wiffht and Soiillmmpton cofi. and SVV. by Sus- sex CO. Po|). 7,1 OH. SURREY, V. II. Surrey co. Va. 64 m. SE. by E. from Richmond. SUSQUEHANNAFl, V. Broome co. N.Y. SUSQUi:ilANNAII, tlie largest r. of Pa. which is formed by the E. and W. branches. Tlic E. rises in Otscffo Lake, N. Y. and tlie W. ill Iluntinjjdon co. Pa. Tliey unite at Nortlmmberiimd. Tlic river then runs SE. into the head of tlie Chcsiipcake in Md. It is 1^ ni. wide at its moutii, but is navigable only 5 m. for sloops. Althoupii tliis river carries considerably more water than either the Hud- son or Connecticut, it is of no advantage at all for the purposes of navigation, except at lii^h water, and then only down stream. At its floods, immense quantities of lumber and pro- duce arc conveyed down in rafts, arks, &,c. the most of them from the state of N. Y. It is a remarkably rough stream, and never navigated witiiout considerable hazard. Most of the pro- duce finds a market in Baltimore, or is taken through the Delaware and Chesaiieako canal to Phi.adelphia. SUSQUEHANNAH, co. N. side of Pa. bounded N. by N. Y. E. by Wayne co. S. by Luzerne co. and W. by Bradford co. Chief town, Montrose. Pop. 16,777. SUSSEX, CO. N. J. bounded NNE. by N. Y. SE. by Bergen and Morris cos. SW. by War- ren CO. W. and NW. by the Delaware, which separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 20,349 Chief town, Newton. SUSSEX, CO. Del. bounded N. by Kent co. E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic, S. and W. by Maryland. Pop. 27,118. Chief towns, Georgetown and Iicwistown. SUSSEX, CO. Va. bounded NE. by Surrey co. SSE. by Southampton co. SW. by Greensville CO. and NW. by Dinwiddle and Prince George cos. Pop. 12,720. SUSSEX, C. H. V. Sussex co. Va. on a small branch of Nottaway river, 64 m. SSE. from Richmond. SUTTON, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 20 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 1,424. SUTTON VILLAGE, v. in Sutton t Mer- rimack co. N. H. SUTTON, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 15 m. from Danville. Pop. 1,005. SUTTON, t. Worcester co. Mass. 9 m. S. from Worcester, 46 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2,186. SWAN ISLAND, isl. on ihe coast of Me. 4 m. SW. from Mount Desert. It contains about 6,000 acres. SWAN RIVER, r. N. America, runs into the Mississippi, Ion. PS^" 15' W.; lat. 44° 34' N. SWAN POINT, cape on the coast of Md. in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76= 22' W. ; lat. 38° 11' N. SWANSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Onslow co. N.C. on White Oak river, 40 ni. SSW. from Newbern, 40^; from W. SW ANTON, t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake (^hamplain, and bordering on Canada, 32 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 2,158. SWANTOWN, V. Kent co. Md. 3 m, from (Jcorgrtown. SWANVITJ.E, t. Wnldo co. IMc. Pop. 63.1. SWANZEY, t.CliL'shire co. N. IF. 6 m. S. from Kcene, 58 WSVV. from Concord. Pop. 1,816. II('rc is a cotton nianiiraclory. SWANZE Y, t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m. SSW. from Taunton, 38 S. I'roin Boston. Pop. 1,()77. SWATARA, r. Pa. runs SVV. into the Sus- quchnnnah, at Aliddlctown. SWEASY'S VILLE, v. Adams co. Mis.i. SVVEDEN,oneof the western fownsof Mon- roe CO. N. Y. 15 m. W. from Rochester. Pop. 2,!)38. The Erie Canal crosses Uic nortiicrn part of this town. SWEDESBOROUGH,t. Gloucester co. N.J. on Raccoon creek, 20 m. SSW. from Pliiladel- phia. It contains an Episcopal church, a wool- len manufactory, and is a place of some trade. Raccoon creek is navigable to tliis place ibr boats. SWEET SPRINGS, v. Monroe co. Va. 28 m. SE. from Lcwisburg, 42 SW. from Warm Springs. Tiiis place is celebrated for its mine- nil waters, which arc much reported to. SWEirr WATER CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Ik ir creek. SWIFT, r. N.H. runs E. into the Saco, in Conway. SWIFT'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into Uie Apponiutoy, lat. 37= 20' N. SWITZERLAND, co. In. bordering on the Ohio. Chief town, Vevay. Pop. 7,111. SYCAMORE, t. in the NE. quarter of Ham- ilton CO. Ohio. Montgomery, Reading, and Sharon villages, axe laid out in this t. Pop. 2,77i). SYMMES, t. Lawrence co. Ohio, on Symmes creek. Pop. 246. SYLVANIA, V. Bradford co. Pa. 197 m. a little E. of N. from Harrisburg. SYRACUSE, t. and cap. Onondaga co. N.Y. 25 m, NE. by E. from Auburn, 133 W. from Albany, 342 from W. Pop. about 2,000. It is a flourishing village, and stands on the Erie canal at the point where a sidccanal branches off to Salina. The buildings are mostly of brick, and many of them large and splendid. The " Syracuse House" is a most noble brick structure, 4 stories high, and one of the most splendid hotels in the state. From a cupola on the top, there is a fine view of Onondaga lake, and the village of Salina, a mile and a half distant. In 1828, tlie building of an ele- gant court-house was commenced, at a point midway between these two villages ; and the whole intermediate space will probably be built over within a few years. In point of locality, few inland towns have advantages equal with this. TJie line of comiiunication is continued by the Salina side-canal, the Onondaga lake, and the Oswego canal, to Lake Ontario. T.- '■ '■ -f^': ' TABERG, V. Oneida co. N. Y. 9 m. NW. of Rome. // TAB— TAR 417 n Lake I, 32 111. in from Pop. «i33. , (i in. S. •d. Top. 'in.SSW. 'op. l,li"7. J tlie Sus- :o. Miss, lis of Men- iter. Poj). 3 nortliern terco.N.J. n Philadcl- rch, a wool- some trade. is place for , CO. Va. 28 from Warm ['or its minc- ed to. r. Ken. runs the Saco, in uns into tlie dering on the 7,111- irtcr of Ham- icading, and this t. Pop. io,on Symmes . Pa. 197 m. a dagaco.N.Y. 133 W. from It 2,000. It is s on the Erie ^anal branches axe mostly of and splendid. ,st noble brick le of the most 'rom a cupola of Onondaga (, a mile and a [ding of an ele- ced, at a point lages; and the robably bebmlt jint of locality, iiges equal with [on is continued )nondaga lake. Ontario. |y. 9m.NW.of TAIU-L: mountain, mi. Pendleton dis- trict, S.C. mar NW. iMirdcr of the htatc, .'1,1 HH foot higher thuii tlie surroiiiidiiig country, niid iilKiiit 'l.OOO al)()V<' the level ol'tlie Hen. It pre- sents on one Hier|K'n(lienlar, to thi' liei;,'litof H!)0 feet. At the hottoni it> a deep niul diHinal vall(>y, sunk njipareiitly as nineli below, as the inoniit lin is iiIkivc, llie general levi'l, The preeipie.e, viewed from the valley, ap[)cars like an iiinnense wr.ll rising' up to }ieav(!n; and the awe wliieli it inspires is con- sjdcrably increased by the (piaiilit.ies of bones whieli lie whitening at its base, llic remains of various animals whieli had incautiously ap- jiroached too ni'ar its (;(i(rc. The suiiniiit ot' this mountain is fmiuently enveloped in clouds. TAULIO IJIVKI,', r. F/i. runs into the Mi- 81S.Slp|)l lilt. 37M:>'N. TAllI.E R0(;K, v. Pendleton district, S.C. TAUOUSA(;,t. L.V. n place of great resort fi)r trading with the Indians, who bring thither furs to exchange for cloln and other J'luropenn goods. It is situated at the mouth of the Sa- guenay, !)8 in. NK. from Quebec. TAK0NNA(;K, mt. Mass. S. of (Jrcat Bar- rington. It.s height is estimated at 3,000 feet above the ocean. TAI-nB:RT'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast of Ceo. I.at. .'JO'^ 41' N. TALUOT, CO. Md. hounded N. by Ciueen Anne co E. by Caroline and Dorchester cos. S. by Doi ■liest(!r co. ami W. by ('liesapenkc Jlay. Pop. 12,!)n. Chicftowii, Kaston. TALIiAllASSE, city, and seat of govern- ment for Florida, is situated on Tugal)oii-i or Wackahulla river. Lat. 30= 27' N. ; Ion. i'rom W. 7^ 13' W. The reasons which determined the governor and commissioners to fix on this ])lace as the metropolis, were its central posi- tion, fertility of soil, and the reputation it had nc(|uired among the Spanish and Indians, of being uncommonly salubrious. The position was fixed uiwn for the seat of government in 1824. It was divided into lots, and sold in 1825. Five squares have been reserved for the purpose of public buildings. The precincts of the town encircle a beautifully undulating country. It was immediately incorporated as a city. In two years from the first building, the number of whites and blacks was snp- lK)sed to amount to 800. Some respectable houses were built, but the principal part of the habitations are temporary log buildings. The forest is falling on all sides, and it is daily ac- quiring more and more tlie appearance of a town. The amount of the sales of the lots was 824,000. That sum was appropriated for the erection of a territorial capitol. The materials for building are good and abundant. There are already a number of stores, taverns, and shops of all the customary mechanics, with a full proportion of lawyers and doctors, and 200 houses. A printing-press has been establish- ed, from which issues the "Florida Intelli- gencer." TALLAPOOSA, r. rises in Georgia, enters -''Jabama, flows SW. and unites with the Coosa 3G 3 m. SW. from Fort .Iacknon, to form the Al- abama. It is navigable, except in dry Bcaoons, to the (ireat Falls, about ',i't niiles. This river is subji-et to great [xriodical elevations and depressions. .Slucli of the country watered by it is very fertile. TAr;i,.MAD(;i;, l. Portage eo. Ohio, 15 m. W'SW. from {{aveiina, 35 SSE. from Clcve- land. I'op. l,21f. It has an academy and a i'lniace. TA.MPICO, hay and s-p. of Mexico, near the inontliof the AlfK'te/uenia river. Lon. from \V. 11 3ii' W.; lat. 2-2- 4.V N. TAM\V()in"[f, t. Stratford co. N. II. CO m. NNE. from Coneoid, G3 NNW. from Ports- mouth. Pop. 1,>'>.54. TANIOYTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md. 22 m. NNE. from Frcderiektown, 40 NW. from Haltimore, (!7 from W. It is a pleasant and handsome town, and contains several hand- some churelies, mostly of brick. TAN(ilPAO, r. rises in Mississippi, crofl.scs E. part of Louisiana, and flo.vs into Lake Pon- chartrain, 10 m. NE. of the pass of .Alanchac. TANNEK'S CREEK, r. In. runs into the Ohio, 2 m. below Lawrenceburg. TANNEIi'S HILL, t. Newbury district. S. (;. TANSEY. r. N. America, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and runs into .Maria's river. TAOS, t. of New Mexico, on the E. side of IJio (Jrande del Norte, above Santa Fe. Lon. from W. 2!) J 45' W.j lat. 37° 20' N. TAOIJS MOUNTAINS, N. America, the southern part of the chain of the Chip[)cwan, or Rocky Mountains, where the del Norte, Red river, Arkansas, and Colorado, have their rise. TAPPAIIANNOCnC, port of entry and cap. Essex CO. Va. on SW. hank of the Rappahan- nock, 55 m. I'^SE. from Fredericksburg, 50 NE. from Richmond, 115 from W. Lon. 76= 57' Vy. ; hit. 38^ 2' N. Pop. about 700. Its situ- ation is low and unhealthy. It contains a court-house, a jail, and an Episcopal church. All the shipi)ing belonging to the towns on the Rap[)ahannock is entered at the custom-house of this place. TAPPAN, v. Rockland co. N. Y. TAPPAN SEA, an expansion of the Hud- son, opposite to Orangefown, from 25 to 35 m. above the city of New York, 10 m. long, and 4 in breadth at the widest place. TAR, or Pamlico, r. N.C. rises in CasweU CO. flows through Granville, Franklm, Nash, and Edgecombe cos. and passing by Tarbor- ough, Greenville, and Washington, runs SE. into Pamlico Sound, lat. 35° 22^ N. It is nav- igable for vessels drawing 9 feet water to Washington, 40- m. and for boats carrying 15 or 20 tons to Tnrborough, 90 m. TAR BOROUGH, t. and cap, Edgecombe CO. N. C. cu the Tar river, 38 m. S. from Hali- fax, 60 ESE. from Raleigh, and 200 from W. Lon. 77° 44' W. ; lat. 35° 50' N. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and an academy. Beef, pork, coru, tobacco, &.c. are exported from this place in considerable quantities ,, 418 TAlt-TlII-] lip I TARIFF'VII.I.i:, V. llurKord cu. V,t. \ TARKIO CRKMIv, r. I.u. runs iiiUt the MiHsniiri, IH3 in. i'roiii tlu; MiNHi8.Hi|i|)i, 'rAUr.irrON, v. I'ickuwuy CO. Ohio, 17 in. NK. rrornCliillifofhc. I'oi.. ^>.'»7. 'I'AUUY-TOVVN, V. niul laiidinfj, (Jrccna- burjr, N. Y. TA'I'I''., I. ( llcniiont co. ( )liio. Pop. 3,23J2. TATK'.Sc;RI:RK,v. in N. piirlorMiuiison Co. Ken. iiboiit 40 in. KM. from Friuikfort. TATNAI,F,,ro.(J< o. ImiiiuUd l)y A|)|)lJnjr S. 'I'clfiiir iiiiil IVIonlKoincry \V. KiniiinicI NVV. (/iimclico river, or IJiillocit co. Nl'l, unci Lil)- »Tty iinii Way no SIO. Lcn>rtli (iO m. nioiin width 30. I'op. y,()3'). Ciiicf town, Perry's MilJN. 'I'AUNTON, t. and cup. HriHtnl co. Moss, on the river Tiiunton, iil in. I'l. from I'rovi- dcnco, SI N. from Hrisloi, 21 N. by VV. from Now IJcdford, 32i S. from |{, t. IHounl co. Ten. on N. Mo of the river TennesMee, .IO in. SVV. Irom Knox- vill(^ Mere is a fi>rt, block honne, and KtoruH for Hiipplyiiig the ('herokee Indians. TE.MI'Li;, t. Keimebeek to. Me. 40 m. N W. from AiigiiMta. INip. 7!)H. 'I'EMI'LE, t. HillNlH)rougli co. N.II. 13 m. VVSW. from AmherHt, .'il SSW. from ('uucurd. I'op. (;47. 'i'EMPLETON, t. Wore( Hter co. Maw. 27 111. NW. from VVorcestir, and (JO WNVV. from Roston. l'o|). \,r).'»l. TENN1:SSEL:, one of tlie U. S. Sec page 123. TENNESSEE RIlKiE, mountains in the state of Tennessee, lietween tlie rivers Ten- nessee and < /'uniberland. 'i'ENSAW, r. the E. outlet of tlu; Mobile. It branehes oil' (5 or 7 m. IkIow Fort Stoddert, and llowH into Mobile Ray, 5 or in. E. of the VV. branch. Its channel is deeiicr and wider Uian tliiit of tli(! W. branch. TENSAW, r. La. flows SSW. a few miles from the Mississijipi, and unites with tlieOuu- eliitta lit the junelion ol' the Ocatahoola. TENSAVV^, V. Washington co. Alabamu, near Mobile Iky. TEI'IC', t. of Mexico, in the intendency of (iuadalaxara, 5U0 m. NW. from the city ol" Mexico. Ti:iiRE HAUTE, v. Sullivan co. Indiana, on tlu! Wabash, 2 m. below Fort Harrison. TERRY VILLE, v. Meekknbnrg co. Va. TETON, r. lia. runs into the Missouri fiver, 1,2(53 in. from the Mississi])pi. TKWKSHUUY, t. Middlesex co. Mass. S. of the Merrimack, 7 in. SW. from Andovcr, 23 N. from HoKton. I'o]). 1,.'527. TEVVKS15URY, t. Hunterdon co. N.J. Po|). I,(i5:). TEXAS, province of Mexico, in the former Provincias Internas, bounded SVV. by the Rio Grande del Norle, on the NE. by the United States, from the sources of Rio Grande, to the mouth of the Sabine, and SE. by tlie Gulf of Mexico. TEZCUCO, city of Mexico, in the inten- dency of Mexico, formerly remarkable for its extensive cotton factories, which, from the rivalry of (iner(;tiira, have greatly declined. It stands on the E. side of Lake Tezcuco, 20 in. NE. from Mexico. Lon. from W. 21° 51' W. ; lat. l!»o 30' N. Pop. 6,200. THAMES, r. U.C. rises in Uie Chipi»cwa country, and running SW. washes the cos. of York, Norfolk, Sullljk, and Kent, and empties into Lake St. Clair, above Detroit ; it is a river of considerable extent, witliout falls. A com- munication is continued, by means of small (Kjrtagcs, between its upper branches and Lake Huron, and the Grand river. THAMES, r. Ct. is formed by the Shetucket and Yantic, at Norwich, and flows S. into Long Island Sound, 2 m. below New London. It is navigable through its whole course. THATCHER'S ISLAND, small isl. on the coast of Mass. about 1 m. E. from Cape Ann. THERESA, V. Jeflbrson co. N. Y. on Black river branch of OBWcgatchic, on the road from th( the nei thr no< TTTE-TIP 110 ^. h'kIo of JIM Knox- Hid BU)re8 lOin.NVV. [.IMIJin. II C!oucuril. ). MaftB. i27 'NW.from Sec l)ll}ro Liiins in tlic rivovH 'leu. , Mobile. It iloddcrt, and •:. of till! VV. I wider Uiaii a few milcB nih tlujOuii- ulioolii. ;o. AJabainu, ntcnduncy of the city of n CO. Iiidiuna, , Harrison, (iirg CO. Vii. ^lissouri fiver, [ CO. Mann. S. ironi Andover, Ion CO. N. J. in the former W. by the Uio by the United Grande, to the jy tlic Gulf of in the intcn- larkablc for its .ieh, from tlic catly declined, kc Tczcuco, 20 ■om W. 21° 31' 0. the Chip|)cwa jjics the cos. of nt, and empties oit ; it is a river .falls. Acom- mcans of small nchcs and Lake )y the Shetucket iwsS. into Long London. It is )ur8e. small isl. on the from Cape Ann. B. N. Y. on Black on the road from SuckrfH fftirbor to OirrI.iis!iiir(r, Vt m. NK.iPirry cd. nliin, S.'i m !i lilll.' S. of K. iVom from the (brmcr, and 10 SW. from the latter plaee, TIFKSSALON, r. V.C. run? into lake Hu- ron, a little to the euntward of Muddy Lake, on the N. nhore. THi:'I'F( M{l), V. ( )ran)xc co. Vt. on dmnvv.- tieut river, lii in. N. from Dartmouth in N. II. Top. a,i.>^:<. TIUMUr.R ISLANDS, Hinall iHlnmlfl near the coast of ( 'omieeticut. Lon. 1'2 ' ti' VV. ; lat. 11^ ll'N. THIiri'Y MILK, or Dead River, r. Maine, joins th(' Andro^TO!fI^in, iti I,iveriiiore. THOMAS'S ( K Kl'Mv, r. S.G. runs into the Great I'edee. THOMAS, St. (me of the Viri,'in Islands, in the VVcHt Indies, with a liailK)r, a town, and a fort, 15 m, in cireumfl'renee the Danes. I.oii. (! 1 ' CA' \V. ( 'oluiiiliiis. Tllinn: CRMKK 1{UN, r. Va. runs iiilo the Ndttiiway. TIIRKi: Ill'NS, /xwfr, v. narnwell dis triet, S.{\ THIM:K SISTKKS, three small islands, on W. side of ChesaiKJuko Iluy, N. of rurker'B Island. THI'NDr.R HAY, !) ni. broad, at the NW. corner of Lake Huron, in N. America. It rereives this mime I'miii tlu; HU|)posc(l contin- ual lliunder that is hcnrd there. 'I'U'KrAII, r. rises in ^Mississippi, enters T.ouisiana, iiml tlows into L;ike .Manrepas, t m. NI). ot" th<' inonlli of the Ainitc. Tl("0.\l)i;i{r N.jCrown i'oint, !».'') N. from Albany. Pop. l,!)!)ti. THOMASTOVVN, t. fiiiieolu en. Me. on 10. A viiliiable mine of iron ore is Ibmid in this sifle of the river St. (ieorfje, iiiid on VV. side of Penobscot i!ay, 7 in. S. from Ciimden, 7 I'l. 1 from Warren, .'17 I), from Wiseasset, ll)(» NK. from lloston. Po]). I,'.''2J. It is a llourishinp town, and contains 2 elmrehes, I for ('oiifjre- tjationalisls, and I for IJuittists. Tht; river is navijjable to this town, tJir vessds of 2(10 Ions. Great quantities of linu; arc^ burnt here, and cxiiorted. Nearly all liirt, THOMPSON, t. Windham co. Ct. in NE. corner of the state, K! in. ENE. from Hart- ford, fll SW, trom Boston. Pop, ;),:iM8. THOMPSON, t Sullivan co. N.Y. 38 m, VV, from Newburfrh. Pop. 2,l.';!). It is wa- tered by the NeviTsink, and eontains the vil- lafjes of Thompson, Montieello, and Uridufe- ville. The county buildings arc at INIonti- cello, THOMPSON, t. Delaware co. Ohio, VV. from Scioto river. Pop. .124. THOMPSON, om of the eastern towns of Geanga co. ( )hio. Pop. 7.37. THOMPSON'S ('|{I':EK, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, IIH ni. below the (ireat Ealls. THOMPSON'S CREEK, r. S. C. runs SE. into the Great Pcdce, below Chatham. THOMPSON'S CREEK, r. Mississippi, runs into the Mississip[)i, lat. 30° 5!)' N. THOMPSONSVILLE, v. Culpcper co. Va. 90 m. SW. from W. THOMPSONVILLE, v, Chesterfield dis- trict, S, C. 57 m. NE. from Columbia. THORNDIKE, t Waldo co. Me. Pop. G53. THORNSBURG, t, Spotsylvania co. Va. on the Mattapony, 18 m. S. from Frcdcrieksburfr, THORNTON, L Grafton co. N, H, 11 m. N. from Plyinoutli, 54 N. from Concord, Pop. 1,049. THORNTON'S GAP, v. Culpcper co. Va. THORNTON'S RIVER, SW. branch of the Rappahannock, rising in the Blue Ridge near Thornton's Gap, and flowing nearly E. tbrouf h Culpcper co. Va. into the Rappahan- nock, THORNVILLE, v. in tlie NW. angle of township. Tieondernjra I'ort, llimous in tlio history of American wars, is siluuted on an eminenco in this township, on W. shore of Lake ("hamplain, just north of the entran(!e of the outlet from Lake (k-orge into f.aket'ham- plnin, 15 m. S. from Crown Point, ^1 N. from Whitehall. It is now in ruins. TIFFIN, t. Adams eo. Ohio. Poji. 1,.''.70. TKJER'S VAI-LKY, v. Harrison co. Ohio, IG m. Irom Clarksburg. TILtJHMAN'S ISLAND, in the Cliesa- pcake, Md. at the mouth of the Choptank, con- taining alKiiit 1,720 acres. 'i'lMBALlER, bay at the mouth of Ln- fourche, in Louisiaiiii. 'i'his bay is about 30 III. in length, and from 3 to H wide, 'i'lie ad- jacent island and shores arc low grassy or saiidv flats. TiNKJCR'S CREEF\, r.Ohio, runs into the Cuyahoga, 12 m. above Cleveland, TINKER'S ISLAND, one of the Eliza- licth Islniids, near the coast of Massachusetts, 3 111. long, li broad. TINLEYSVILLE, v. Goochland co. Va. •15 m. WNVV. from Richmond. TINMOUTH, t. Rutland eo. Vt. watered by the Otter creek, 10 m. S, from Rutland, 40 m, W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,04;). TIOtJA, r. rises in Pennsylvania, runs N. enters New York, turns to the E. and joins the Siisfiuchaniiah in Pa. 3 m. S. of N. Y. line. It is navigable lor boats 50 m. TIOGA, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Tomp- kins CO. E. by Broome co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Steuben co. Pop. 27,704, Chief towns, Elinira and Owego, TIOGA, CO. N. side of Pa. Iwunded N. by New York, E, by Ontario co. S. by Lycoming CO. and W. by Potter co. Pop. 9,062. Chief town, Wellsborongh. TIPPECANOE, r. In, joins the Wabash, about 420 m. from its mouth. Length about 170 m. It is rendered famous for a battle be- tween the Americans and Indians, in Novem- ber, 1811. TIPTON, CO. Ten. Pop. 5,317. Chief town, Covington, 420 TIP— TRA i: I i TIPTON, C. H. and t. Tipton co. Ten, 240 m. from Murfreesborough. TISBURY, t. Duke's co. Mobs, on N. side of Mirtha's Vineyard, 8 m. VV. from Edgars- town, 85 S. from Boston. Pop. including the Eli/alK-th Islands, 1,318. TIVERTON, t. Newport co. R. I. 8 m. NNE. from Newport, .54 S. from Boston, Pop. 2,905. It is on tlic main land, opixisitc to Portsrnoutli, with wlncli it is connected by a bridge. TOBAGO, the most southward of the isl- ands of the West Indies, and tlic most east- ward, except Barbadocs. It is 32 m. long, and 9 broad; 120 m. S. of Barbadoes. Lon. 59° W.; lat. ll°10'N. TOBAGO LITTLE, island near the NE. extremity of Tobago, in the Wesi Indies, 2 m. long, and 1 broad. TOBY'S CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Al- leghany, 20 m. below Franklin. It is about 55 m. long, and is navigable for bateaux through a great part of its course. It is con- nected with the western branch of the Susque- hannah by a short portage. TOCKOA FALLS, Franklin co. Geo. It is in a branch of the Tugaloo river. The fall near 200 feet. TODD, CO. Ken, bounded by Robertson CO. Ten, S. Christian W. Muhlcnburg N. and IjOgan E. Length 30 m, mean width 15, Chief town, Elkton. Pop. in 1820, 5,089 ; in 1830 8 801 TODD'S FORK, r. Ohio, joins the Little Miami, 5 m. above Decrfield. TO-^^OSOHATCHIE CREEK, branch of the Oakmulgee river, in Georgia. TOLLAND, t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m. WSW. from Springfield, 110 WSW. from Boston. Pop, 724, TOLLAND, co, Ct, bounded N. by Massa- chusetts, E, and SE, by Windham co. SW, by Middlesex co. and W. by Hartford co. Pop. 18,700. Chief town, Tolland. TOLLAND, t. and cap, Tolland co, Ct, 17 m. NE, from Hartford, 83 WSW, from Boston, 352 from W, Pop. 1,61)8. It contains a court- house, a jail, an academy, and a Congregation- al meeting-house, TOMBIGBEE, r, Alabama, rises within a few miles of the Muscle Shoals, flows souther- ly near the line between tiic states of Missis, sippi and Alabama, joins the Alabama 45 m, above the head of Mobile Bay, and 75 above the Gulf of Mexico, to form tlie river Mobile, It is navigable for large vessels to Fort Stod- dert, 44 m, and at some seasons to St. Stephens, It is about 450 m. long, and navigable for boats the greater part of its course, TOMBSTONE, v. BcrUe co. N. C. 291 m. from W. TOMHANNOCK, v. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 19 m. from Albany. TOMPKINS, CO. N. Y. from a part of the COS. of Seneca and Cayuga, liounded N. by Seneca and Cayuga cos. E, by Cortlandt co, S, by Tioga co. and W. by Seneca Lake. Chief town, Ithaca. Pop. 36,54.5. TOMPKINS, t, Del. co. N. Y. on the Del- aware, 27 m. SW. from Delhi, 100 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,774. TOMPKIN'S HILL, on Staten Island, in N. Y, 307 feet high. TOM'S (^REEK, r, N, J, runs between Do- vcr and Shrewsbury. TONGUE, r. N. America, runs N. into the Yellow-stone. TONNEWANTA, r. N, Y, runs into the Niagara, opposite Grand Isle, 10 m, N, from Black Rock, Length 90 m. It is navigable for boats 30 m, TOPSFIELD, t, Essex co. Mass, 8 m, TJNW, from Salem, 20 NE, from Boston, Pop, 1,011. TOPSHAM, t. Orange co, Vt. 12 ni. W, from Newbury, 25 ENE, from Montpclier, Pop, 1,384. TOPSHAM, t Lincoln co. Me, on N, side of the Androscoggin, opposite Brunswick, 19 m, W, from Wiscassct, 140 NE, from Boston. Pop. 1,564. It is a considerable town. Mag- netic oxide of iron and crystallized quartz are found here. TORRINGFORD, v. Litchfield co. Ct. TORRINGTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 7 m, N, from Litchfield, 339 from W. Pop, 1,G54, TORTOLA, principal of the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, 18 m, long, and 7 broad. In this island almost all the trade is carried on ; it is near 5 m, long, and 2 broad, but badly watered, and reckoned uniieallhy. They cul- tivate cotton here, which is much esteemed by the manufacturers, likewise rum and sugnr; it has of late years uiidcrgouc great improve- ments. The entrance into tlie harbor is at (lie E, end of the island, Lon, 63^ W, ; lat, 18=" 33' N, TORTUE, r, N, America, runs into the Wabash, Lon, 87= 55' W, ; lat, 3!)° 30' N. TORTUES, r. La, runs into the Missouri, Lon, 94= 24' W. ; lat, 38= 2G' N, TORTUGA, isl, of the West Indies, near tlie N. coast of the island of Hispaniola, It is about 80 m, in circumference, and has a safe harbor, but difficult of access, Lon, 75° 10' W,; lilt, 20° 10' N, TOSQUIATOSSY CREEK, one of the iiend branches of the Alleghany river, TOWAHNAHIOOKS, r, N, America, runs NW, into the Columbia, 275 miles from its iiioutii, TOWAMENSING, v, Northampton co,Pa, on the Lehi;rli, 7 m, from Berlinsvillo, TOWANDA, t, and cap, Bradford co. Pa, on the W, bank of the N, branch of Susquehan- nah river. The borough is called Mcansville on all the maps. The township of Towanda contains 986 inhabitants. TOWER HILL, name of a hill and village in S. Kingston, R. I. TOWNSEND, t. Middlesex eo. Mass. 44 m. NW. from Boston, 480 from W. Pop. 1,506, TOWNSEND, t, Huron co. Ohio, Pop, 202, TOWNSEND, t Sandusky co. Ohio. Pop. 196. TOWNSHEND, t. Windham co. Vt 40 m. SSW. from Windsor, Pop, 1,386, TRACY'S LANDING, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. TRA— TRO 431 W. from sland, in vecn Do- . into the into the N. from navigable m.NNW. ■op. 1,011. 2 ni. W. [ontpclicr. m N. side iswick, 19 an Boston. m. Mag- quartz are 30. Ct. 0. Ct. 7 m. Pop. 1,G54. Tin Islands, nd 7 broad. is carried i, but badly They cul- istcemcd by and sugar; at iinprovc- uor is at the V. ; lat. 18° into the )o 30' N. _ Missouri. ndics, near piiniola. It and has a Lon. 75° one of tho iver. mcrica, runs les from its ipton CO. Pa. •ille. librd CO. Pa. Susquchan- I Mcansville of Towanda [ and village 0. Mass. 44 . Pop. 1,506. io. Pop. 202. Ohio. Pop. CO. Vt 40 m. Arundel co. TRANSYLVANIA, v. Jcfl'erson co. Ken. on (Mmo river, on the point alwvc tho mouth of Harod's creek, 8 m. above I/)uisville. TRAP, V. Montgomery co. Pa. 27 m. NW. from Philadelpiiia. TRAP, V. Frederick co. Md. 7 m. SW. from Frederick stown. TRAPPE, t. Talbot co. J\Id. 6 m, ESE. from Oxford. TRAVELLER'S REPOSE, v. Greenbrier CO. Va. TRAVELLERS REST, v. Greenville dis- trict, S. C. TRAVERSE BAY, bay on E. side of Lake Michigun. I^n. 85= W. ; lat. 4 P 4.'J' N. TRAVERSE ISLANDS, chain of islands at E. end of Noquet's Bay, in Lake Michigan, on one of the largest of which is a town of Ot- toway Indians. TREADHAVEN, r. Md. passes by Easton, flows SW. and runs into the Choptank, E. of Benoni's Point. TREMAIN, V. in Ulysses, N. Y. 11 m. NW. from Itliaca. TRENCHE'S ISLAND, or Hilton Head, isl. near the coast of S. Carolina, 25 m. long. Lon. 80° f)8' W.; lat. 32= 13' N. TRENT, r. N. C. runs into the Neuse, at Newbern. TRENTON, t Hancock co. Me. at the month of the Union river, 30 m. NE. from Castinc, 275 NE. from Boston. Pop. 7!»5. TRENTON, t. Oneida eo. N. Y. 12 m. N. from Uticn, 406 from W. Pop. 3,221. TRENTON, the ineU-oi)olis of N. J. in Hunterdon co. on E. bank of the Delaware, opposite the falls, 10 m. SW. from Prinicton, 2() SW. from Now Brunswick, 30 NE. frojii Philadelphia, 60 SW. from N. Y. 166 from ^V. Lon. 75=> 48' W. ; lat. 40= 13' N. Pop. 3,!.2.). It is a handsome and flourisliing town, plciis- antly situated, and incorporated w-itli eity privileges. It contains a handsome state-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, atid several exten sive cotton manufactories. In the town, and Lambcrton, which joins it on the S. there ore 6 churches. Many of the buildings are very spacious in size, and of splendid workmanship. The river is navigable as fiir as here for k]oo|)s. Above the falls, it is navigated by boats car- rying from 20 to 25 tons. At the foot of the falls there is an elegant covered bridge across the river. TRENTON, t. and cap. Jones co. N. C. on the Trent, 20 m. W. from Newbern, 81 NNE. from Wilmington, 357 from W. It contains a court-house and a jail. TRENTON, Nein, t. Franklin co. In. TRENTON, V. Todd eo. Ken,' 209 m. SW. from Frankfort. Pop. 178. TRENTON, V. Butler ca Ohio. 98 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. TRENTON FALI-S, in the West Canada creek, Oneida co. N. Y. in the vicinity of the village of Trenton. The creek, which is alx)ut 40 yards in width, has several beautiful cas- cades within the distance of half a mile. Tiie greatest is about 46 feet perjxsndicuiar, and the posing character. Visitors resort here in great numbers, and tourists from the soutJi com monly take these falls in their route. 'PRIADELPIHA, v. Montgomery co. Md. TRIANA, v. Madison co. Al. on Tennessco river, at the mouth of Indian Creek, 18 m. SW. from Huntsville. TRIGG, ea Ken. bounded by Tennessee SE. Tennessee river SW. liivingston co. NW. and Caldwell and Christian NIO. Length 45 m. mean width 10. Cuml)erland river runs through this co. Pop. in 1820, 3,874 ; in 1830, .5,88'l. Chief town, Cadiz. TRINITY, r. Texas, has a soutlirrly course of about 300 m. and flows into the bay of Gal- veston. TROIS RIVIERES, t. of U. C. on the r. St. lyfiwrenee, 35 ni. SW. of Quebec. TROUPSBURG, t. in the SW. angle of Stcu- ben CO. N. Y. 30 m. SE. from Angelica, 35 m. SSW. from Bath, and 305 SW. by W. from Albany. Pop. 666. TRbUPSVILLE, v. Sodus, N. York, 30 m. NE. from Canandaigua, 212 W. from Albany. It is eligibly situated on Great Sodus Bay, and is a place of some trade. TROUT RUN, branch of Lycoming creek. Pa. 15 m. N. from Williamsport, and 117 m. a little W. of N. from Harrisburg. TROY, t. Orleans co. Vt. 60 m. N. from Montpclicr. Pop. 608. TROY, Bristol co. Mass. on E. side of Taun- ton river, 16 m. S. from Taunton 48 S. from Boston. Pop. 4,159. TROY, city and cap. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on E. bank of the Hudson, 3 n). S. from Lan- siuirhurg, 6 N. fi-om Albany, 166 N. from N. Y. .•{S3 from W. Pop. in 1820, 5,290; in 1830, ]1,!().5. It is finely situated, and is a well- Ijuiit and flourishing town. It contains a courf-liouse, a jail, a market-house, 3 hanks, a pnlilie library, a Lnneasterian school, and 6 1 ion Hcs of pu bli c worsl I i p, for Prcsby tcrians,Epis. copalinns, Baptists, Methodists, and Friends. Troy is fiivorably situated for a great manu- facturing town. In point of wealth and trade, it ranks the fourth foWn in New York. The Hudson is navigable for sloops to tliis place. The state of Massachusetts has surveyed a canal route to this place. A rail-road over the same route has also been in contemplation. The Van Rensselaer school in this city has ac- quired a high reputation. The students deliver nnitual lectures, and make extensive excur- sions, with a view to ])ersonal inspection of the objects of their studies in the natural sciences, Any person over 18, certifying that his acqui- sitions are of a certain extent, and that he is of good moral character, can obtain a gratui- tous education. An academy for young ladies, conducted by Mrs. Willard, has also obtained great rc))utation, and has more than 200 pupils. In the vicinity arc many fine mill-seats. On Pocsten's Kill, which flows into the Hudson at tho lower end of the city, there are several flour-mills, an oil-mill, and a distillery ; and on Wynant's Kill, which runs into the Hudson 2 in. lower down, there arc also several flour-mills. scenery around is of the most sublime and im- a paper-mill, 2 cotton manufactories, 1 woollen 422 TRO— TWI manufactory, a gun manufactory, a shovel manufactory, and ii nail manufactories. Tlirsc streams aftbrd some of the finest mill-seuts in the country. TROY, V. and seat of justice, Obion co. Ton. 147 m. NVV. by W. from Murfrecsbo- rough, 8G3 from VV. TROY, V. Atficns co. Ohio, on the Ohio, at the junction of the Hocking, 25 miles below Marietta. TROY, t. and cap. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 21 m. N. from Dayton, G6 W. from Columbus, 72 N. from (Cincinnati, 474 fromW. Pop. 504. TROY, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 3fi8. TROY, t. TJichland co. Ohio. Pop. 1)87. TROY, t. Perry co. In. on the Ohio, about 55 m. \VS\V. from Corydon. TRUMANSnU[{<}, V. Soncca co. N.Y, TRUMBULL, t. Fairfield co.(^t. G m. NW. from Stratford, 17 W. from New Haven. Pop. 1,238. TRUMBULL, co. Ohio, bounded by Mercer CO. Pa. E. Columbiana S. Portage and Geauga W. and N. by Ashtabula. Length 3.) m. mean w;dt]i2r). Chief town, Warren. Pop. in 1820, 15,546; in 1830, 26,154. TRURO, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 40 m. NE. from Barnstable, 107 SE. from Boston. Pop. 1,549. It extends across the peninnida of Cape Cod, and lies between Provincetown and Well- fleet. TRURO, f Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. G88. TRUXTON, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 14 m. NE. from Homer, 142 W. from Albany. Pop. 3 888 ' TRYON MOUNTAINS, mts. N. C, W. of Salisbury, bordering on Tennessee. TUCKER'S ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of S. C. Lon. SiP IG' W. ; lat. 32= 3G' N. TUCKEI{SVir,LE, v. Wayne co. (ico. TUClvERSVILLE, v. Crawford eo. In. 126 m. a httle W. of S. from Indianaiwlis. TUCKERTON, v. Burlington eo. N. J. near S. end of Little Eggliarbor llay. TUFTONBOROU(;H,t. Strafford co. N.H, on E. side of Lake Winnipiscogee, 50 in. NNE from {'oncord, 53 NNVV. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,375. TUGELOO, r. Geo. one of the branches of the river Savjinnali, joins tlio Keowee 48 m. NW. from Petersburg. TULLIS CREEK, r. Va. runs into the Po- tomac, lon. 780 2' w. ; lat. 39° 33' N. TULLY, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. from Onondaga, 50 SVV. from Utica. Pop. 1,640. TULLYTOWN, v. Greenville district, S, C. 98 m. NW. from Columbus. TULPEHOCKEN, r. Pa. runs E. into the Schuylkill, just above Reading. It rises near the sources of theQuitipahilla, a branch of the Swatara. TUNBRIDGE, t Orange co. Vt 32 m. S. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,1)20. TUNKHANNOCK CREEK, r. Pa. runs SW. into tlie E. branch of the Susquehitimoli, about 35 m. above Wilkcsbarre. TUNKHANNOCK, v. Luzerne co. Pa. TURIN, t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 20 m. N. from Rome, 113 NW. from Aibany. Pop. 1,5(;L TURKEY CREEK, r. S.C. runs into Reedy river. TURKEY FOOT, v. Somerset co. Pa. TURKEY HILL, t. St. Clair co. II. TURKEY POINT, cape on the coast of Md. at the mouth of the Susquehannali, where it takes the name of Chesapeake, 16 m. S. from Elkton. Here the British army landed in Au- gust, 1777, as they were advancing to Philu- dclpliia. T[H{NER, t. Oxford co. Me. on the An- droscoggin, 18 m. ENE. from Paris, 155 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,218. TURNERSVILLE, v. Robertson co. Ten. 72 m. NW. from Murfrecsborough. TURNPIKE, V. Greenville co. S.C. TURTIiE CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Monongahela, in Alleghany co. At the head of tliis creek Gen. Braddock was killed, in 1755. TURTLE CREEK, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 4,143. . TURTLE CREEK, t. Shelby co. Ohio, con- taining tlic village of Sydney. Pop. 21)6. TUIiTLE INLET, channel between two small islands on the coa.st of N.J. Lon. 74^ 47' W.; lat. 31)0 2' N. TURTIiE RIVER, r. (Jeo. runs into the sea, lon. 7F 40' W.; lat. 31° 12' N. TUSCALOOSA, co. Al. bounded S. by Perry and Greene, W. by Pickins, N. by .Fefiersoii, and E. by Shelby and Bibb. Length 40 ni. mean width 30. Tuscaloosa river crosses this CO. from N. toS. ('liief town, Tuscaloosa. Pop. in 1820, 8,22!) ; in 1830, 1.3,G1G. TUSCALOOSA, v. and serit of justice, Tus- caloosa CO. Al. and also seat of govcrniiicnt in tint state, is situated on the bank of Tiis(!n- loosa river, about GO m. above its montii, 120 SSVV. from Iluntsville, and 200 a little E. of N. from Mobile. TUSCARAWAS, name frequently applied to the miun branch of the Muskingum, above Coshocton. TUSCARAWAS, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Stark, E. by Harrison, S. by Harrison and (lucrnsey, find W. by (Coshocton cos. It is 'ID m. by 21) in extent. Chief town. New Phila- delphia. Pop. in 1820, 8,328 ; in 1830, U,2W. TUSCARAWAS, small v. on the W. bank of the Tuscarawas river, and in tiie co. of tlic same name, Ohio, 9 m. southerly from New Philadelphia. TUSCARAWAS, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,524. TUSCARORA CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Juniatta, 12 m. SE. from Lewistown. TUSCARORA VAI,LEY, v. Mifllin co. Pa. TUSCUMBIA, V. Franklin co. Al. 249 ni. NNW. from Cahawba. TWELVE ISLES, or Twelve AposUes, ishmds on the S. side of Lake Superior. TWELVE MILE CREEK, r. S. C. runs into the Saluda. TWIGGS, CO. Geo. bounded W. by the Oak- mulgee river or Moruoe co. Jones co. NW SVV. bany. Susqt . u^ ties 01 Susqu UN NW. TWI— UNI 423 ck river, Albany. itoRccdy ). Pa. 11. • coast of lah, wlu;rc m. S. from dcd in An- ir to Pliila- m Iho An- ,155NNK. on CO. Ten. S.C. ma in^o ^'"' At tlie head killed, in 19 en CO. Ohio. CO. Ohio, con- ['op. 2"JB. between two .J. Lon. 7'P rnns into the J'N. led S.hy Terry [, by .leliersoii, .jcngth '10 ni. rer crosses tliis caloosa. Vo[^- if justice, Tiif- (rovernnu'.ut iii ,ank of 'I'lis'"'- its nroutli, liilt a little E. ol quently applif'l jkinguni, above bounded N. by y Harrison iinil on cos. It.is:"' wn, New Vhih- in 1830, U;2W- on the W. biuik in the CO. of tlio herly from New CO. Ohio. Top. ,. Pa. runs into Lcwistown. .V.Mifflin CO. Pa. |n CO. Al. 249 m. ii-welve Apostles, e Superior. GK, r. S. C. runs LdW.bytheOak- JoncB CO. NW Pa. Wilkinson NE. and Pulaski SR, T-cnfrtli 27 m, mean widtli 15. Chief town, Marion. Pop. in 1820,10,447; in 1830, 8,029, TWIN, t. Preble co. Ohio, Pop. 1,228, TWIN, t. Ross CO, Ohio. Pop, 1,893, TWIN, t, Darke co. Ohio, Pop. 590, TWO LICK CREEK, r. Indiana co runs S. into the Conemaufrh. TYBEE, isl. near the coast of Geo. at the moutli of the Savannah. A light-house, 80 feet higii, stands on this island, in Ion. 81° 10' W.; lat. 32^ N. TYE, r, Va, runs into Jarncs river, TYEMOCHTEE, r. Oliio, runs into the Sandusky, 12 ni, below Upix.T Sandusky, TYGART'S VALLEY RIVER, r, Va. flows tiirough Randolph co. and unites with Buchanan river. TYGER, r. S.C. runs SE. and unites with Broad river, 5 ni. uImivc the Enorce. TY(iEI{'S CUEEK, r. La. runs into the Missouri, 276 m. W. of the Mississippi. TYGEU'S CREEK, r. Ken. runs into the Ohio, Ion. 83° W.; lat. 38= 22' N. TYNGSBOROUGII, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on W. side of the Merrimack, and NW. side of Chelmsford ; 28 m. N W. from Boston. Large qi'.untities of beautitxil stone for building, are oL't;.' ■• .1 in this town and Chelmsford, and con- vryi ; "' r ♦he Middlesex canal to 'Joston. « '■ • , S' » 'A, r. Pa. runs into t!,o Alleghany, loii, .^..•' W.; lat.4P29'>T, T\ fi.i.NGHAM, t, Bcrkjiiirc co. Mass. 14 m. SSE. from Lenox, 11 j W, from Boston, Pop. 1,351, T Y IIREL, CO. E, side of N, C. Pop, 4,732. Chief town, Columbia. U. ULSTER, t. Bradford co. Pa. on the riglit side of the Susquehannah river, above Towan- da. Pop. 383. ULSTER, CO. N, Y, Iwundcd N, by Greene CO. E. by the Hudson, S. by ( )range co. SVV. by Sullivan co; and NW. by Delaware co. Pop. in 1820, 30,934 ; in 1830, 3G,551, Chief town, Kingston. ULYSSES, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. at S. end of Lake Cayuga, 14 m. SE. from Ovid. It contains 2 post-villages, Ithaca and Trcmain. Pop. 3,130. UMBAGOG, lake, in N, Hampshire and Maine, It is 18 m. long, and, where widest, 10 broad, Lat, 4.p 42' N, It is chiefly in Maine : that part belonging to N, Hampshire is within the townships of Errol and Cam- bridge, UMBERSTON CREEK, r. Virginia, runs into the Potomac, lat. 39° 35' N. UNADILLA, t. OUego co. N.Y. 34 m. SVV. from Cooperstown, 100 WSW. from Al- bany. Pop, 2,313. It lies on W. side of the Susquehannah, and on E. side of the Unadilla, UNADILLA, r. N. Y. separates the coun- ties of Otsego and Chenango, and runs into the Susquehannah, Ion. 75° 58^ W, ; lat, 42° 19' N. UNDERBILL, t. Chittenden co. Vt. 34 ni. NW. from Montpclier. Pop. 1,050. UNICORN, t Lancaster co. Pa, 59 ra. W. from Philadelphia, UNION, r, Maine, runs S, into Bluchill Bay, UNION, t, Lincob co. Mc. 29 m. NE. from Wiscasset, 190 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,612. UNION, t. Tolhmd co. Ct, 6 m, E. from Stafford, Pop. 711, UNION, t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Sus- quehannah, 6 m. W, from Chenango Point, 140 W, from Catskill, Pop. 2,122. UNION, V. in Nassau, N,Y, 11 m. SE. from Albany, UNION, V, in Greenwich, N, 34 m, N. from Albany, It contains 2 mceting-iiouses, and an academy. UNION, V. Bern, N, Y, 21 m, N, from Albany. UNION, V, Peru, N, Y, 150 m, W, from Albany. UNION, or Uniontown, t. bor. and cap. Fayette co. Pa. on the Redstone, 300 m. W. from Philadelphia, and 193 from W. Pop. 2,433. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a printing-ollice, 2 or 3 liouscs of public worship, and in tlie town and vicinity arc many mills. UNION, CO. Pa. bounded by Suscpielmnnah river E. Mifflin S. and SVV. CJentre W. and Lycoming N. Lengtii 2() m. mean widtii 21, Chief town, New Berlin. Pop. in 1820, 18,619 ; in 1830, 20,749, UNION, v. and seat of justice. Union dis- trict, S. C. 60 ni. NN W. from Coluinl)ia, UNION, CO. Ohio, bounded by Delaware E, Madison and Champaign S. Logan W. and Hardin and Marion N. Length 27 m. breadth 17, Soil generally fertile. Chief town, Marys- ville, Po]). in lb20, 1,!)9(; ; in 1830, 3,192. UNION, CO. Ken. bounded by Ohio river W. and NW. Henderson co. NE. Hopkins SE. and Livingston co. SVV. Length 30 m. mean width IG. This co. lies opjiosite to the mouth of Wabash river. Chief town, Morganfield. Pop. in 1820, 3,470 ; in 1830, 4,435. UNION, CO. II. bounded by the Mississippi river W. Jackson and Franklin cos. N, and Johnson E. Length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief towns, Hamburg and Jonesborough. Pop. in 1820,2,.3G2; in 1 830, 3,2.39, UNION, district, S. C. bounded by Broad river, or York, Chester, and Fairfield districts E. Enoree river, or Newberry and Laurens districts SVV. and Spartanburg W. and NW. Length 45 m. mean width 15, Chief town. Union. UNION, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,370. UNION, t. Mifffln co. Pa. Pop. 1,799, UNION, t. Loudon co. Va. 58 m. from W. UNION, or Shakerstown, t. Warren co. Ohio, 4 m. W. from Lebanon. It is a pleasant settlement of Shakers, UNION, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 851, UNION, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,439, UNION, t. Madison co. Ohio, Pop. 1,469. UNION, t. Miami CO. Ohio. Pop. l/»78. UNION, t. Highland co, Ohio. Pop. 836. " UNION, V. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 139. 424 UNI— VAS UNION, t. Cliumpaign co. Oliio, Pop. 957. UNION, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,337. UNION, t. Ross CO. Ohio. Pop. 2,6.54. ,, UNION, t. Scioto CO, Ohio. Pop. 674. * UNION, 1. and cap. Monroe co. Va. 17 m. S. from Lewisburg, alwut 45 m. W. by N. from Fincastlc, 2G7 from W. UNION BRIDGE, v. Frederick co. Md. 62 m. from VV. UNION MILLS, V. Frederick co. Md. 74 m. from W. UxVION MILLS, V. Fluvanna co. Va. on the Rivanna. UNION SPRINGS, v. in Aureliiis, N. Y. UNIONTOVVN, t. Frederick co. flid. 66 m. from W. UNIONTOWN, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, UNIONVILLE, t. and cap. Union district, S. C. 75 rn. N. from Columbia, 467 from W. UNITIA, V. Blount co. Ten. 190 m. east- ward from Murfreesborough. UNITY, t. Waldo co. Me. 30 m. NNE. ftom Augusta, 196 NNE. liom Boston. Pop. 1,299. UNITY, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 9 m. NE. from Charlcstown, 93 NVV. from Boston. Pop. 1,258. UNITY, t. 3Iontgomcry co. ftid, 30 m. N. from W. UNITY, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. I . 1-757. 1% UPPER, t. Scioto CO. Ohio. Pop. 674. UPPER SANDUSKY, v. Cravyford co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, about 80 ni. a little W. of N. from Columbus. Lat. 40= 4;)' N. UPPER THREE RUNS, v. Barnwell dis- trict, S. C. UPPERVILLE, V. Loudon co. Va. 52 m. from VV. UPSON, CO. Geo. in the NW. part of the state. Pop. 7,013. UPTON, Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. SE. from Worcester, 38 SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,157. URBANNA, t. and cap. Champaign co.Ohio, 34 m. NE. from Dayton, 44 W. by N. from Columbus, 447 from VV. Lon. 83° 43' W. ; lat. 40= 3' N. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-liouse, a jail, a market-house, a bank, a Metliodist meeting-house, and a printing-office. It is situated in a fertile tract of country. Pop. 2,354. URBANNA, t. Middlesex co. Va. on SW. side of the Rappahannock, 60 m. ENE. from Richmond. URBANNA, v. Steuben co. N.Y. 225 m. W. from Albany. USTAYANTHO, lake, N. Y. from which the river Delaware takes its rise. UTICA, V. Clarke co. In. on Ohio river, opposite Transylvania, in Jefferson co. Ken. UTICA, city, Oneida co. N.Y. on S. bank of the Mohawk, 4 m. SE. from Whitesborough, 14 ESE. from Rome, 93 W. by N. from Alba- ny, 3f)2 from W. Lon. 75° 1.3' W.; lat. 43° 6 N. It is pleasantly situated, handsomely laid out, and well built, and contains 8 houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Episcopa- lians, Scotch Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists ; an academy, a free-school, a court- iiouse, a bank, an insurance office, several manufactories, and has an extensive trade. It is situated in a fertile country, is a wealthy and flourishing town, and the commercial capi- tal of the western part of the state. It is a noted point of union for arriving and depart- ing stages. This town has gained its import- ance by being favorably situated in regard to commerce and agricultural wealth. Pop. in 1820, 2,972; in 1830, 8,323, having almost tripled its population since the last census. The U. States district court is held here. UTRECHT, or New Utrecht, t. Kings co. N. Y. on W. end of Long Island, on E. side of tlie Narrows, 9 m. S. from New York. Pop, 1,217. UXBRIDGE, t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. SSE. from Worcester, 40 SW. from Boston. Pop. 2,086. It borders on Rhode Island, and is watc-id by Blackstone, Mumfbrd, and West rivers. It is a pleasant and considerable agri- cultural town, and contains valuable mills, and some manufacturing establislunents. V. VALLEY CREEK, r. Pa. runs into the Schuylkill. Lat 40° 7' N. VALLEY FORGE, place in Pa. near the union of Valley Creek with the Schuylkill, 15 m. NW. from Philadelphia. VALONI A, t. Jackson co. Indiana, 64 m. S. from Indianapolis. VANCEBURG, v. Lewis co. Ken. 99 m. from Frankfort. Pop. 93. VANCOUVER'S FORT, Ken. at the union of the two branches of Sandy river. VANDALIA, t. Fayette co. II. 55 m. from St. Louis. Vandalia has been selected as the political metropolis of tliis state. It is pleas- antly situated on a high bank of the Kaskas- kia river, in the centre of a rich and tliriving country. It was founded but a few years since. But respectable houses for the accommodation of the government and the courts have already been erected. Many handsome brick build- ings have arisen. A weekly gazette is issued, and it exhibits the asiicct of a respectable vil- lage, having from 80 to 100 houses. Lon. from W. 12° 1' W.; lat. 39° 5' N. VANDERBURGH, co. In. bounded by tlie Ohio river S. Posey W. and N. and Warrick E. Length 20 m. mean width 12. It is drained by Big Pigeon creek. Pop. 2,610. Chief town, Evansville. VANGEVILLE, t. Ken. on the Ohio river, at the moutli of Salt Lick creek, 36 m. above Maysville. It has some salt-works. VANSVILLE, t. Prince George co. Md. 14 m. from VV. Lat. 39° 2' N. VANWERT, CO. m the NW. part of Ohio, bounded by Paulding N. Putnam and Allen E. Mercer S. and state of Indiana W. Length 24 m. width 18. Pop. 432. VARENNES, v. Pendleton co. S.C. 143 m. NW. from Columbia. VARIETY, v. Nelson co. Va. VASSALBOROUGH,t. Kennebeck co. Me. VEA— VEV 425 diists, and ,1, a court- ;e, several e trade. It a wealthy ercial capi- c. It is a ind depart- Us import- I rcpard to 1. Top. in ing almost ast census. 1 here. [. Kings CO. , on E. side York. Pop. rtass. 18 m. rem Boston. Island, and rd, and West derable agri- )le mills, and its. uns into the Pa. near the Schuylkill, 15 iana, 64 m. S. Ken. 99 m. at the union rer. 1. 55 m. from elected as the It is pleas- r the Kaskas- and tliriying IV years since, icommodation I have already J brick build- lette is issued, Bspectablc vil- ouses. Lon. junded by tlie id Warrick E. It is drained 2,610. Chief he Ohio river, J, 36 ni. above rks. ■ge CO. Md. 14 . part of Ohio, n and Allen E. W. Length o.S.C.143ni. nebeck co. Me. on E. side of tlie Kennebeck river, opposite Sidney, 8 m. N. from Augusta, 180 NNE. from Boston. Fop. 3,761. This is a large and val> uable agricultural town. VEAL TOWN, t. N.J. 14 m. NNW. from New Brunswick. VENANGO, CO. NW. part of Pa. bounded N. by Crawford and Warren cos. E. by Jeffer- son, S. by Armstrong and Butler, and W. by Mercer. Pop. 9,128. Chief town, Franklin. VENANGO, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 544. VENICE, t. Huron co. Ohio, on S. side of Sandusky Bay, 4 m. W, from the new town of Sandusky. This town has a good harbor, and is flourishing. VEN ICE, V. Cayuga co. N. Y. 20 m. N. from Ithaca, and 15 S. from Auburn. VENUS, t. and cap. Hancock co. II. 133 m. from Vandalia, and 914 from W. VERA CRUZ, formerly an intendency, now a state of the republic of Mexico. It is a long narrow slip, extending on tlie Gulf of Mexico 450 m. with a mean width of 60 m. lying be- tween lat. l?^ and 22° 20' N. In all its great lino of sea-coast, not one really good harbor exists. There are fbw, if any other regions of the world where transition of soil, eleva- tion, and vegetable life ore more rapid and striking. The western part rises on the de- clivity qf Anahuac. In one day the traveller ascends from the parched plains near tlie Mex- ican Gulf, to the region of perpetual snow. Staples, vanilla, cocoa, tobacco, cotton, sugar, and rice. This intendency contains the two great volcanic summits of Orizaba, and CofFre dc Perotc. In it, near Papantla, ore found very well preserved remains of ancient monu- ments. Its cities are Vera Cruz, Xalapa, Pe- rotc, Cordoba, Orizaba, and Tlacotlalpan. VERA CRUZ, city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name. This city, beautiful and wealthy from art, owes nothing to nature. It stands on the low, sandy, and insalubrious coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The harbor, if it ought to be so called, is in some measure protected by tlie small island of St .lean d'Uloo, but is in reality very insecure. The winter population of Vera Cruz is about 17,000, but in summer the yellow fever drives the wealtiiy to Xalapa, and other places of the interior. Arid sands environ this city, which depends on foreign commerce for its very exist- ence. Lat. 1 9° 11' N. ; Ion. from W. 19° 9' W. VERA PAZ, province of Guatemala, bound- ed on the N. by Jucatan, E. by the bay and province of Honduras, S. by Guatemala proper, and W. by Chiapa. It is full of mountains and forests ; but there are many fertile val- leys, which feed a great number of horses and mules. There are also many towns and vil- lages of the native Americans. The capital, of the same name, or Coban, is a bishop's see, but is inconsiderable. It is 120 m. NE. from Guatemala. Lon. 90° 55* W. ; lat 15° 30' N. VERDIGRIS, r. Miso. joins the Arkansas, 15 or 20 m. above Canadian river. It is nav- igable 150 m. VERGENNES, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 11m. below Middlebury, and 20 S. from 3D Burlington. Pop. 999. It is situated on both sides of the Otter creek, at the head of navi- gation, 6 ni. above Basin Harbor at the moutli of the river. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a woollen manufactory, extensive clothiers' works, iron works, 2 large grist- mills, and several saw-mills, and has consider- able trade. VERMILLION, t. Huron co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at tlie mouth of the Vermillion r. about 40 rn. W. from Cleveland. VERMILLION, r. Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 9 m. E. from Huron river. VERMILLION, r. II. runs into the Illinois river, 150 in. from the Mississippi. It is rocky and not navigable. VERMILLION, r. In. flows into the Wa- bash, about 40 m. below Ouiatan. VERMILLION, r. La. flows into the Gulf of Mexico, W. of a bay of the same name. VERMILLION, r. La. joins the Arkansas. VERMILLION BRIDGE, v. Attakapas dis- trict. La. VERMILLION POINT, or Cape Towns- end, a peninsula in Lake Michigan, which separates Green Bay from the other part of the lake. It is 23 leagues long, and from 1 to 3 broad. VERMILLION, co. II. on Vermillion of Wabash, and N. from Edgar co. It is travers- ed by lat. 40° N. VERMILLION, C. H. Vermillion co. II. about 120 m. NE. from Vandalia, and 100 a little N. of W. from Indianapolis, in In. VERMILLION, t. Huron co. Ohio, on Ver- million river. Pop. 505. VERMILLION, t. Richland co. Ohio. Fop. 1,451. VERMONT, one of the U. S. See page 52. VERNON, t. and scat of justice, Hickman CO. Ten. on the lefl bank of Duck river. VERNON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 6 m. WSW. from Tolland. Pop. 1,164. VERNON, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 3,045. VERNON, t. Sussex co. N. J. VERNON, or Smithfield, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 20 m. NE. from Warren. VERNON, t. Clinton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,043. VERNON, New, v. Morris co. N.J. VERNON, t. Jennmgs co. In. 25 m. NW. from Madison. VERONA, t. Oneida co. N.Y. on Wood creek, and E. of Oneida Lake, 20 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 3,739. Great quantities of iron ore, and sand suitable for making gloas, are found in this town. VERSAILLES, t. and cap. Woodford co. Ken. on the river Kentucky, 12 m. SW. from Lexington, 547 from W. Pop. 904. It is a handsome and flourishug town, containing a bank, and an academy. VERSHIRE, t. Orange co. Vt on E. side of Chelsea, 32 m. N. from Windsor. Pop. 1,260. VESSEL BAY, on E. shore of Lake Cham- plain, extending NE> into the township of Chark)tte. VEV AY, t and cap. Switzerland co. Indiana, on the Ohio, 8 m. above the mouth of the Ken- 426 VIC— WAB tucky river, nearly equidistant from Cincin- nati, Louisville, and L;xin;srton, nlx)iit 45 m. from eacli, and 55(5 froni VV. It is pleasantly Hituated, and contains between 2 and 300 houses, a court-liousc, jail, academy, [irinting- offiee, from wliicli issues a weekly journal, a branch of tlie bank of Indiana, and some other public buildings. This interesting town wap commenced in 1804, by 30 Swiss families, to whom the United States made a grant, under favorable stipulations, of a considerable tract of land, to patronize the cultivation of the vine. The patriarch of this colony was a Swiss gen- tleman, of the name of J. J. Dufour, who con- tinued an intelligent friend to the town. The colony soon received considerable accessions from the mountains of Switzerland. In grate- ful remembrance of their native liills, and to create in the bosom of their adopted country tender associations with their ancient country, they named their stream Venoge, and their town Vcvay. Messrs. Dufour, Morcrod, Bet- tens, Siebenthal, and others, commenced the cultivation of the grape on a large scale. This cultivation has gone on steadily increasing. A hundred experiments have been since com- menced in different points of the west. But this still remains the largest vineyard in the United S^tes. \Vc have witnessed nothing in our country, in the department of garden- ing and cultivation, which can compare with the richness of this vineyard, in the autumn, when the clusters are in maturity. Words feebly paint such a spectacle. Tlie horn of plenty seeriis to liave been emptied in the pro- duction of this rich fruit. VICKSBURGH, v. Fairfield co. Ohio. VICKSBURGH, v. Warren co. Mis. about 60 m, NNE. from Natchez. VICTORY, t. N W. part of Cayuga co. N. Y. 12 m. a little N. of E. from Montezuma. VICTORY, t. Essex co. Vt. 55 m. ENE. from Montpelier. Pop. 53. VIDALIA, V. parish of Concordia, La. on the right bank of the Mississippi, directly op- posite Natchez. It is a small village in a single street, parallel to the river, and within UlG 16V66 VIELLEBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Va. 71 m. from W. VIENNA, t. Kennebeek co. Me. 26 m. NW, from Augusta, 661 from W. Pop. 417. VIENNA, t. and port of entry, Dorchester CO. Md. on the Nanticoke, 19 m. SE. from Cam- bridge. It contains only about 20 houses. The shipping belonging to this port, in 1816, amounted to 19,214 tons. VIENNA, t. and seat of justice, Johnson co. II. 40 m. NE. from the mouth of Ohio r. 167 from Vandalia, and 817 from W. VIENNA, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 910. VIENNA, t. Abbeville district, S.C. on the Savannah r. 52 m. above Augusta. VIENNA, t. Ohio co. Ken. on Green river, 20 m. WNW. from Hartford. VIGO, CO. In. bounded by the state of Illi- nois W. Parke N. Putnam E. and Sullivan S. Lengtii 20 m. mean width 18. Pop. 5,737. The cliief town, Terre Haute, is situated on the left bank of the Wabash, 60 m. by land above Vincennes. VILLAGE GREEN, v. Delaware co. Pa. 5 m. W. from Chester, and 20 SW. from Phila- dclphia. VILLAGE HILL, v. Nottaway co. Va. VILLAGE SPRINGS, v. Blount co. Al. 181 m. N. from Cahawba. yiLLEPUCHE, V. Miso. on W. side of the Mississip])i, 19 m. below St. Louis. VINALHAVEN, t. Hancock co. Me. 13 m. S. from Castine, 210 NE. from Boston. Pop. 1,794. It is situated on the Fox Islands, in Penobscot Bay. VINCENNES, t. and cap. Knox co. In. on E. bank of the Wabash, 100 m. from its junc- tion with the Ohio, in a direct line, and nearly 200 m. by the course of the river, 120 W. from Louisville, 150 m. NE, from Kaskaskia, and 693 from W. Lon. 88° 23' W. ; lat 40° 39' N. It has improved rapidly of late, and contains 300 houses, a brick court-house and hotel, a jail, a respectable building for an academy, a Roman Catholic and a Presbyterian church, land-office, post-office, two printing offices, from one of which is issued a respectable gazette, a bank, and some other public buildings, and 1,500 inhabitants. It is situated contiguous to a beautiful prairie, 5,000 acres of which are cultivated as a common field, after the ancient French custon, . It was for a long time the seat of the territorial government, and still has as much trade as any other place in the state. The plat of the town is level, and laid off with regularity. The houses have extensive gardens, crowded after the French fashion with fruit trees. It is accessible, for the greater part of the year, by steam-boats, and is a place of ex- tensive supply of merchandise to the interior of the state. VINCENT, t. Chester co. Pa. on SW. side of the SchuylkiU. Pop. 2,147. VINEYARD, t. Grand Isle co. Vt. 34 m. N. from Burlington. Pop. 459. VINEYARD, New, t. Somerset co. Me. 15 m. WNW. from Norridgcwock. Pop. 869. VINEYARD, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. VIRGIL, t. Cortlandt co. N.Y. 10 m. S. from Homer, and 155 W. from Albany. Pop. 3,912. VIRGINIA, state of the U. S. See page 91. VIRGIN ISLANDS, about 30 islands and keys in the West Indies, between St. Juan de Puerto Rico and the Leeward Caribbec Islands. They are possessed by the English and Danes. VOLNEY, t. Oswego co. N.Y. on the Os- wego, 50 m. W. from Rome. Pop. 3,629. A valuable quarry of stone, of which grind-stones, &c. are made, is found at Oswego falls in tiiis town. . VOLUNTOWN, t. Windham co. Ct 16 m. E. from Norwich. Pop. 1,304. W. WABASH, r. In. waters tlie middle and western part of the state, and flows into the Ohio, 30 m. above Cumberland river, ll is WAB— WAR CO. Ct 16 m. upwarcjs of 500 in. long, and is navigable for keel-bonLs 400 m. to Ouiatan, and niso tor Hinali boats to witliin 8 m. of the Mjuiinre. WABASH, Little, r. In. runs SI-:, into the Wabash, a few miles above the Oliio. WARISAl'ENCUN, r. La. runs into the Mississippi. Lat 41° 40' N. WACHUSETT, mt. in Princeton, Mass. The height of this mountain was measured hy a barometer, and found to be 2,020 feet above the level of the sea. WADESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Anson co. N. C. 70 m. SSE. from Salisbury, 76 W. from Fayetteville. WADE'S POINT, cai)c, on the coast of N. C. Ix)n. 76= 20' W.; lat. .36= 7' N. WADING" RIVER, v. in Riverhead, N. Y. W ADM EL AW, r, S. C. separates the island of St. John from the continent. WADMELAW, small isl. on the coast of S. ('. which communicates witli St. John's Isl- and by means of a bridge. WAHNAACHA, r. N. America, runs SE. into the Columbia, below Clarke's river. WAITSFIELD, t. Washington co. Vt. 18 in. SW. from Montpelicr. Pop. 958. This is a valuable agricultural township. WAITS RIVEIt, r. Vt runs into the Con- necticut, 12 m. below Well's river. WAIvATOMIKA, r. Ohio, runs SE. and joins the Muskingum, 1.3 ni. above Zanesvillc. WAKAYGAGH, or Fort, r. NW. territory, runs into Lake Michigan. Lon. 87° 9' W.; lat 42° 58' N. WAKE, ca central part of N. Carolina. Pop. 20,417. Chief town, Raleigh. WAKEFIELD, t. Strafford co. N.H.25 m. ENE. from Gilmanton, 42 NNW. from Ports- mouth. Pop. 1,470. It contains a cotton manufactory and an academy. WALDEN, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 7 m. NW. from Danville, 22 NE. from Montpelicr. Pop. 827. WALDOBOROUGH, s-p. Lincoln co. Me. 22 m. ENE. from Wiscasset, 180 NE. from Boston. Pop. 3,113. It is a considerable town. The siiipping belonging to tliis port, in 1816, amounted to 19,743 tons. WALES, t. Lincoln co. Me. Pop. 612. WALKERSVILLE, v. Centre co. Pa. WALKERSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. Geo. WALKERTOWN, t King and Queen co. Va. on the Mattapony, 45 m. NE. from Rich- mond. WALLABOUT, part of Brooklyn, N. Y. in which is a U. S. navy-yard. It lies NE. of the village. WALLACE, small isl. near the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 78° 35' W. ; lat 33° 54' N. WALLINGFORD, t Rutland co. Vt 32 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. ],7'10. WALLINGFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct. 12 m. NNE. from New Haven. Pop- 2,419. WALLKILL, r. rises in New .Jersey, runs NE. and flows into the Hudson, near Kingston, N. Y. It passes tlirough the Drowned Lands. Length 80 ni. WALLKILL, t. Orange ro. N. Y. i20 m. W. from Newburgh. Pop. 4,0.'i6. 427 Pop. WALNUT, t. Pickaway ro. Ohio. 1,592. WALNUT, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Pop. 2 ^00 WALNU1' BRANCH, v. Fauquier co. Va. WALNUT, BifT, r. Ohio, rises in Delaware CO. and joins the Scioto, about 10 m. below Co- lumbus. WALNUT COVE, v. Campbell co. Ten. WALNUT CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the Scioto, 6 m. above Circicvillc. WALNUT CREEK, r. Ohio, runs into the Scioto, 10 m. below Chillicothe. WALNUT GROVE, v. St. Clair co. II. WALNUT GROVE, v. Mercer co. Ken. WALNUT HILL, v. Greenville district,S.C. WALNUT HILLS, v. and fort, Warren co. Miss, on the Mississippi, 12 m. S.of tlie mouth of the Yazoo, 134 ni. above Natchez. WALPOLE, t Norfolk co. Mass. 20 m, SW. from Boston. Pop. 1,442. WALPOLE, t. Cheshire co. N. II. on the Connecticut, opposite Westminster, with which it is connected by a bridge, 12 m. S. froir. Charlestown, 13 NW. from Keene, 20 N. by E. from Brattleborough, 60 W. by S. from Con- cord, 90 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,979. WALTHAM, t. Addison co. Vt 30 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 330. WALTHAM, L Middlesex co. Mass, on N. side of Charles river, which separates it from Newton, 10 m. W. from Boston, 34 E. by N. from Worcester. Pop. 1,859. It is a pleasant town, and contains manufactories of woollen, cotton, and paper, which are among the best and most extensive establishments of the kind in tlie country. WALTON, t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Delaware, 15 m. SW. from DeDii, 85 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,G72. WALTON, CO. West Florida. Pop. 6,092. Chief town, Alaqua. WALTON, CO. Geo. bounded SW. by New- ton, W. by Gwinnet, NW. by Hall, NE. by Oconee river, or by Jackson and Clarke, and SE. by Morgan and Jasper. Length 25, mean width 22 m. (^hief town, Monroe. Pop. in 1820,4,192; in 1830,10,931. WANASQUIATUCKET, r. R. L unites with the Mosliasick, just above Providence, to form Providence river. WAl'PINGER'S CREEK, v. in Pough- keepsie, N. Y. WAPPINGER'S CREEK, r. N.Y. runs into the Hudson, 8 m. S. from Poughkeepsie. Length 33 m. WAPPOCOMO, r. Va. runs into the Poto- mac, 9 ni. ESE. from Fort Cumberland. WARD, t. Worcester co. Mass. 5 m. SSW. from Worcester, 45 ^^'SW. from Boston. Pop. 690. WARD'S CREEK, r. Md. runs into the Chesapeake. Lon. 76° ',-2' W. ; lat 38° 8' N. WARD'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into James river. Lon. 77° 11' W. ; lat 37° 10' N. WARDSBOROUGH, t. Windham co. Vt 20 m. NE. from Bennington. Pop. 1,148. WARDSBRIDGE, v. Montgomery, Orange CO. N.Y. WARDWELL, v. Jefferson co. N. Y. • 428 WAR— WAR i WARE, t Hampahire co. Mass. SI tn. ESE. from Northampton, 70 VV. frniu IJoston. Pop. 2,045. WARE, r. Worcester co, Mass. runs SW. and unites with the Chicapec, W, fr. Pulmer. WARE, r. Va. runs into the Cliesapcakc. Lon. 76° 26' W. ; lat. 37° 25' N. WAREHAM, t. Plymouth co. Mass. at the head of Buzzard's Bay, 17 m. S. from Ply- mouth, 54 S. from Boston. Pop. 1,885. It contains a cotton manufactory, and a furnace. WARMINSTER, t Amherst co. Va. on James river, 90 m. above Richmond. WARM SPRING, in Bath co. Va. issues in a large stream, sufficient to work a grist- mill, and to keep its basin, which is 30 feet in diameter, at the vital warmth, viz. 96° of Fah- renheit, The waters afford the finest natural bath known in America, and arc efficacious in rheun)atisni, and some other complaints. Here is a post-office. WARM SPRING MOUNTAINS, ridge of the Alleghany mountains, in Both and Pendle- ton cos. Va. remarkable for warm springs. WARM SPRINGS, v. York co, Pa. WARM SPRINGS, v. Buncombe co. N.C. WARNER, t. Merrimack co. N. H. 17 m. WNW. from Concord, 505 from W. Pop. 2,221. WARNER, r. N. H. runs into the Contoo- cook, in Hopkinton. WARREN, t. Lincoln co. Me. on St. George's river, on west side of Thomastown, 30 ni. E. by N. from Wiccasset, 145 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,030. WARREN, t. Washington co. Vt. 20 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 766. WARREN, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. SE. from Haverhill. Pop. 702. WARREN, t. Bristol co. R. I. on NE. part of Narraganset Bay, 4 m. N. from Bristol, 10 S. from Providence, 52 SSVV, from Boston. Pop. 1,800.. It is a pleasant town, and con- tains a bank, an insurance-office, an academy, a printing-office, and 3 houses of public wor- ship. It carries on considerable trade witli the West Indies, and is remarkable for ship- building. WARREN, t Litchfield co. Ct. 9 m. W. Litchfield. Pop. 985. WARREN, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex CO. E. by Washington co. S. by Saratoga co. and W. by Hamilton co. It is watered by the Hudson and Lake George. Pop. 11,795. Chief town, Caldwell. WARREN, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. S. from Herkimer, 70 W. from Albany. Pop. 2,084. Iron ore is found here. WARREN, t. Somerset co. N.J. Pop. 1,561. WARREN, CO. NW. part of Pa. bounded N. by New York, E. by M'Kcan co. S. by Jef- ferson and Venango cos. and VV. by Crawford and Erie CQS, Pop. 9,128, Chief town, Warren. It is watered by the Alleghaijy. WARREN, t. and cap. Warren co. Pa. on N. side of the Alleghany, and at the junction of the Conewango, about 70 m. ESE, from Erie, 313 firom W. WARREN, t. Albemarle co. Vu. on Jamci river, 10 m. NE. from Warminster. WARREN, CO. SW. part of Ohio. Pop. 21,493. Chief town, Lebanon. WARREN, t. and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Mahoning, 40 m. SE. from Painesvillu, 77 NW. from Pittsburg, 306 fron) W. It is a flourishing town, and contains the county build- ings, a bank, and a printing-office. Pop. 510. WARREN, t. Belmont :o. Ohio. Pop. 2,295. WARREN, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on tlie Ohio. Pop. 1,576. WARREN, v. Jefferson co. Ohio. Pop. 130. WARREN, t. Wasiiington co. Ohio. Pop. 649. WARREN, CO, N, part of N.C. Pop. 10,916. Chief town, Warrenton, WARREN, CO. Ken. bounded by Allen SE. Simpson S. Logan SW. Butler NW. Green r. or Grayson and Hart N. and Barren E. I.cngth 35 m. mean width 20. Big Barren river passes through this co. Chief town. Bowling Green. Pop. in 1820, 11,776; in 1830, 10,947. WARREN, CO. Ten. bounded by Franklin S. Rutherford W. Wilson and Smith NW. Caney fork river or White NE. and Bledsoe SE. Length 40 m. width 20. Chief town, M'Min- ville. Pop. in 1820, 10,348; in 1830, 1.5,351. WARREN, CO. Mis. bounded by Missis- slppi river W. Yazoo river N. Newpurchase E. and Big Black river or Claiborne co. S. Length 30 m. width 11. Pop. in 1820, 2,693; in 1830, 7,861. Chief town, Vicksburg. WARREN, CO. central part of Geo. Pop. 10,846. Chief town, Warrenton. WARRENBURG, t. Warren co. N.Y. on Scroon river, 7 m. NW. from Caldwell. WARRENBURG, t. Greene co. Ten. WARRENTON, t. and cap. Fauquier co. Va. 40 m. NNVV. from Fredericksburg. It is a pleasant and handsome village, and contains a court-house, a jail, and 2 houses of public worsiiip. WARRENTON, t. and cap. Warren co. N. C. 16 m. E. by N. from Hillsborough, 56 NNE. from Raleigh, 84 S. from Petersburg, 230 from W. It lias an elevated, pleasant, and healthy situation, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Metliodist meeting-house, and two academies. WARRENTON, t. Warren co. Mis. onE. bank of the Mississippi, about 18 m. below Walnut Hills. WARRENTON, t. Warren co, Geo. about 55 m. NNE. from Milledgeville. WARRICK, CO. In. bounded by Ohio river S. Vanderburg and Posey W. Pike and Dubois N. and Spencer E, and SE, Length 30 m. width 13, area 410 sq. ms. It is drained by Big and Little Pigeon, and some other creeks. Chief town, Evansville. Lat. 38° 5' N. ; lon. from W. 10° 10' W. WARSAW, t. Genesee co. N.Y. 20 m. S. from Batavia, 260 W, from Albany. Pop. 2,474. WARWICK, v. Cecil co. Md. 9 m. NE. from Georgetown, WAR— WAS 429 on 20 m. S. ly. Pop. NE. from WARWICK, t Franklin co. Moss. 12 m. ENE. from Greenfield, 80 WNW. from Bos- ton. Pop. 1,150. Glass is manufuctiired in this town. WARWICK, t Kent co. R. I. on wost side of Providence river, 10 m. S. from Providence. Pop. 5,22!). WARWICK, t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. S. from Goshen, 54 NW. from New York. Pop. 5,013. The township is large, and contains 5 houses for public worship, and an academy, and has extensive iron works, WARWICK, CO. E. part of Va. bounded N. by York co. E. by Elizabeth City co. SSW. by James river, and W. by James City co. Pop. 1,570. WARWICK, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on SW.I side of James river, 5 m. below Richmond, 17 N. from Petersburg. The river is navigable to this place for vessels drawing 12 feet of water. WASHINGTON, co. E. side of Me. bound, ed E. by New Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Hancock and Penobscot cos. Pop. 21,295. Chief towns, Machias and Eastport. WASHINGTON, co. Vt. in tlie central part of the state, bounded NE. by Orange and Cal- edonia cos. E. by Caledonia co. SE. by Orange CO. S. by Addison co. and W. by Chittenden co. Pop. 21,394. Chief town, Montpelier. WASHINGTON, t. Orange co. Vt. 20 m. SE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,374. WASHINGTON, t. Sullivan co. N. H. 35 W. from Concord. Pop. 1,135. WASHINGTON, Mount, the highest sum- mit of the White Mountains, N. H. See White Mountains. WASHINGTON, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 8 m. E. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 701. WASHINGTON, co. R. I. bounded N. by Kent CO. E. by Narraganset Bay, S. by the At- lantic, antl W. by Connecticut. Pop. 15,414. Chief town. South Kingston. WASHINGTON, t. Litchfield co. Ct. 10 m. SW. from Litchfield, 25 N. by E. from Dan- bury, 32 NNW. from New Haven. Pop. 1,621. It is a considerable town, and contains exten- sive iron-works, with slittling-mills, nail facto- ries, and various other mills and machinery. There are in this town several quarries of ex- cellent marble, and 2 mills constantly employ- ed in sawing it. A mineral spring, iron ore, limestone, ochre, fuller's earth, and white clay, arc found in this town. WASHINGTON, co, N. Y. bounded N. by Essex CO. E. by Vermont, S. by Rensselaer co. and W. by Saratoga and Warren cos. Pop. 42,615. Chief towns, Sandy Hill and Salem. WASHINGTON, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 15 m. ENE. from Poughkeepsie. Pop. 3,036. Here is a respectable Quaker boarding-school. The building is 3 stories high, and accommodates 100 students. WASHINGTON, v. in Watervliet, N. Y. on W. side of the Hudson, nearly opposite Troy, 5 m. N. from Albany. Here is a large U. S. arsenal. WASHINGTON, t Morris co. N. J. WASHINGTON, CO.SW. part of Pa. bound- ed N. by Beaver co. NE. by Alleghany co. E. by Westmoreland and Fayette cos, S. by Greene co. and W. by Virginia. Pop. 42,784, Ciiief town, Washington, WASHINGTON, t.bor.and cap. Washing- ton CO. Pa. on the liead branches of Ciiartier's creek, 25 m. SVV. from Pittsburg, 25 WNW. from Brownsville, 32 ENE. from Wlieeling. Pop. 1,816. It is a flourishing town, and con- tains a court-house, a jail, 2 printing.otHccs, a college, and various public buildings und man- ufacturing cstablisiimtnts. It is situated in a fertile, well cultivated, but broken country. Washington College, at this place, was founded in 1806. It has a large stone edifice of 3 sto- ries, for the accommodation of students. The library and philosophical apparatus are valua- ble. The officers are a president und 2 profes- sors, one of languages and one of mathemati- cal and natural philosophy. Commencement is on the last Thursday in September, after which there is a vacation till the first of No- vember. The course of collegiate education is completed here in 3 years. WASHINGTON, t York co. Pa. Pop. 1,037. WASHINGTON, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 5,181. WASHINGTON, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,125. WASHINGTON, t Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2 919. ' WASHINGTON, t Westmoreland co. Pa. on E. side of the Alleghany. Pop. 2,153. W.\SHINGTON, V, Lancaster co. Pa. on E. bank of the Susquehannah, 3 m. below Co- lumbia. Pop. 607. WASHINGTON, co. SE. part of Ohio. Pop. 1,207. Chief town. Marietta. WASHINGTON, t and cap. Fayette co. Ohio, 30 m. NW. from Ciiillicothe, 40 SW. from Columbus, 422 from W. Pop. 300. WASHINGTON, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 4 m. N. from Troy. WASHINGTON, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. E. from Cambridge. WASHINGTON, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. Pop. 2,282. WASHINGTON, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 2,015. WASHINGTON, t Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,085. WASHINGTON, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 351. WASHINGTON, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,338. WASHINGTON, co. Va. bounded S. by N. Carolina, W. by Scott co. Va. NW. by Russell, N. by Tazewell, NE. by Wytlie, and SE. by Grayson. Length 50 m. mean width 17. Pop. 15,614. Chief town, Abington. WASHINGTON, NW. co. of the District of Columbia, bounded SE. by the city of Wash- ington and Georgetown, SW. by Potomac river, Wr and N. by Maryland, and E. by East Branch, or Anacostia river. Surface hilly, and soil of middling quality. Pop. in 1820, 2,729 ; in 1830, 30,858. 430 WAS— WAS Burlington co. N. J. Union co. I'a. Pop. If WASHINGTON, t. WASHINcnON, t. 1,107. WASHINGTON (JITY, nipital of the United States, Bitiiafcd on tiie I(:ft bnnli of tlic Potomac, and tJie ri>rht banit of tlio Anacostia, in lat. .3H 54'; Ion. I's, Iwing intrndcd (or n first meridian. The Tybcr rims throii(;h the middle of tlje city, and may be conveyed to the hijrji ground on wliieh the Capitol standH ; iiiiil the water of the Tyher and {\\r Reedy Urniieli may !«■ eonveyc^d to the Ca|>itol and (hi' i'rcHident's I louse. The avenues, and such stri'i'(s as lead immediately to puhlie plaei s, are from I'M) to l(i(( leet wide, divided into foot-ways, and walks of trees, and carriage- ways. The others arc of various widths, from 70 to 110 feet : the avermes and streets of 100 WASHINGTON, AND ITS ENVIKONS. feet and upwards, have foot-waya of 20 feet wide ; those under 100 and over 80, have foot- ways 17 feet wide ; and under 80 feet, 12 feet foot-ways. The ground on which the city stands, was ceded by the state of Maryland to the U. States in full sovereignty, and the i)ro- prietors of the soil surrendered their lands (o be laid out as a city, gave up one-half to the U. S. and subjected other parts to be sold to raise money as a donation to be employed and consti- tute a fund for the public buildings. The build- ings belonging to the U. States, arc, 1. The Capitol : This is a magnificent structure of the Corinthian order. It is situated on the west- ! cm extremity of Capitol Square, 73 feet above the tidewater of the Potomac. The eminence commands a fine view of the city, the river, and the surrounding country : (li m. W. is the President's House and other public edifices.) The Capitol is of white freestone, composed of a central edifice and two wings, and is of the following dimensions : Length of front 3,')0 feet, depth of wings 121, east projection 65, west do. 83, height of wings to top of biJustrade 70, do. to top of centre dome 120, length of Representa- tives' Hall 95, height do. 60, length of Senate j Chamber 74, height do, 42, diameter of Ro- I tunda 90, height do. 90. The Representatives' TJIK CAPITOL, AT WASHINGTON. Chamber is a magnificent semicircular apart- ment, supported by blnish jwlished stone col- umns, lighted from alwve. In the centre of the building is the Rotunda, 90 feet in diameter, and tiie same number of feet in height. It is ornamented with national paintings, represent- ing the surrender at Saratoga and Yorktown, the Declaration of Independence, and Wash- ington Resigning his Commission. Each of these paintings is 12 feet by 18. There are also relievos in marble representing Pocahon- tas rescuing Capt. Smith from death, the land- ing of the pilgrims at Plymouth, one of Penn's treaties with the Indians, and a buttle between WAS— WAS i:n lUwn and two IndiiiiiR. 'I'liis noble unci map- iiificent iipartnicnt in ut' wliili^ niiirlilr, and li^'htcd from the dome. Mvu on llic jii'dinii'nf Hccin dwindled to ntoniH, nnd the ulijjhtest noiso creates eclim's, wliieli reverlierate n|K)n file ear with u prand and snrprisin;'' ctlect. The foundation of the north winy wan liiid in the prcHcncc of (Jen. VVaNhin)rtf)n in 171''^, and that of the centre in IHIH, on the anniverwary of its destruction hy tlie British in IHI i. The hnildinjr covefB nfnrly 2 acroB, and the s(|u.ire in front eontaiiiH '2'^i acrcH, conipro- hendiiijf a cireiiniferenee of over -j of a mile; inel()«. in IHUU, 1/>17; in 1H30, 1,(174. WASrilN(i'r()N,co. Miso. S. Ooni Frank- lin, nnd S\V. t'roui JetVerHoii and St.dcncvicvr. It lii's on til)' licadH of Hi^ lihick, (Snsconiidc, !\Iiiruni((U,iiiid St. Francis rivers. I'op. (),7'J7. Cliii'f town, I'olosi. WASIIINtJTON, CO. central port of Gcor- gi.i. Toil. !»,S-iO. (Iiicf town, SiindcrHville. WASIIINdTON, t. and cap. VVUkcs co. (ico. on Kttlle crook, a brancjj of Little river, .')0 in. WNVV. trorn AnRUHta, 58 N. by W. from Louisville, fiat. .'«=' 12' N. It is a ll(Mirisliin;r town, regularly laid out, handsome- ly l)uilt, and contains a court-house, a jail, u bank, and a tlourishin|r academy. A newspa- per is pnl)lisht'd here. VVASIIIN(J'l't)N, CO. in E. end of East 'I'emusHee. I'op. in 1W20, !>,.')57 ; in 1830, lO,I)i).'). I'liief town, .ToiH3Hboron{rii. A semi- nary, styled Wasliinirtou College, has been establirihcd in this county, b m. SW. from Joneslwrougli. WASHINGTON, t. and cap. Rhea co. Ten. near the TcnJicssee, about 3.5 rn. W. from Tel- lico, 7.) SVV. from Knoxville, .WS from VV. WASHINGTON, t. Adams co. Mis. on St. Catherine's crock, 20 m. from its mouth, fi E. from Natchez. It contains a court-house and jiiil, and was Cor 15 years the seat of govern- ment for Mississippi. It has a healthy and pleasant situation in the most wealthy and popidous part of the state. It has excellent water, ."ind unites many advantages as a sum- mer" residence. St. Catherine's creek is navi- gable for boats at high-water. Jefferson (^ol- lege, in this town, was incorporated in 1802. A large edifice, 170 feet by 40, was erected for the acconniiodation of students. The institu- tion has not as yet taken a higher rank than a respectable academy. WASHINGTON, co. In. bounded by Floyd SE. Harrison S. Orange and Lawrence W. White river or Jackson N. and Scott E. Ii III. mean width 22. Siir- tiiee iiuNJeniti'ly liiliy, and Moil geiieriilly mIc. rill', and eoverctl with pine timlMr. l'o|), in |H:.'(), 2,.'.17; in lW.10, 2,2H(i. Chief town, Friiiiklintnn. WASHINGTON HOLLOW, v. DutcheHs CO. N. Y. on Wiippiiiger's creek, 12 m. Ni;. I'roni Poiiglikec psie. WASSAW 1S!,AN!), flrfnt, isl. in the Atluiiti(', near thi' coast of (Jeorgia, IG m. in cireiimterenee. Lat. .'J2^ 52' N. WASSAW ISLAND, I.illU, M. in the At- lantie, near the coast of Georgia, SW. of (ireat Wassaw. AVASSAW SOUND, bay on the coast of (Jeorgiii, between Great VVassaw Island aii.H.oir C'liarliH river, 7 in. NV. Iiy N. from llonloii. Pop. I,t)4l. It is a |>lcB<<;iiit town, mid con- laiim a pii|U'r-iiiill, iiiid <'(ittr)ii iiiid w(m)II('II inniiiitiictoricN, mid a I'.S. nrrii'iml. vvATi;i{'ro\vN,t. i.itciiri.id mct. 12 m. SSH. from l.itclitii Id. i'op. I,.'>l)ll. VVA'I'KICI'OWN, I. mid cap. J. tVrrnon co. N. Y. lit Ihc iiioiilh of Hindi river, I',' in. from S;ickcl'H lliirlior, H(l N\V. from I'ticii, tlL' in. from W. I'op. ■l,7t>H. It rontniiis a coiirt- )iou>>c, a jiiil, u pii|N'r-iiiill, iind otlicr valiiiililc iiiills. ItiH a lloiirinhiiiir touii, inula jilacc of d(|)osit lor the military NtorcH of N. Y. A wiu'klv newNpa|M'r Ih piililitn. wi«lth 30. It is drainei' by tli" ('hiekusawh. y, and other branches c' Pascanfoula river. Chief town, Winchcstcv. Pop. in 1820, 3,323; in 1830, 2,778. WAYNp; CO. Geo. bounded by Gly..n SF. Camden and vlpplinp S. vppling n- T.'tnuji VV. and Altaniaha NE. Length 4 >n. iican width 25. Pop. 962. Chiqf tovi ,/a' ncs- ville. WAYNE, CO. II. bor.nde 1 iiy Jolinson or'. Union S. Jackson and nu • olph VV. Jetfcrfioi'i N. and White and Gi latin ". Length 36 m. width 24. Pop. in 18J0, 111 ; in 1830, 2,.562. WAYNK, CO. Miso. W. from Wasliington and Franklin, and on tlie sources of Gascon- ade river. Pop. in 1820, 1,<43; in 1830, 3,254. WAYNE, eo. Mich, bounded by Detroit river and St. Clair lake SE. M'Comb co. NE. Oakhnd NW. and Mo.i/'oo SW. ond S. It is principally drained by the Riviere Rouge. Chief town, Detroit. Pop. in 1820, 3,574; in 1830, 4,565. WAYNESBOROUGII, t. and cap. Greene CO. Pa. 22 in. S. from Washington, 51 SSW. from Pittsburg. Pop. 1,130. WAYNESBOROUGII, t. Augusta co. Va. 12 ni. i-.^'' from Staunton. It is a pleasant and th... (4 town. WAYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Wayne CO. N. C. on the Ncuse, 50 m. SE. from Ra- Ici^h, 337 from W. vv^AYNESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Burke 1. Geo. 24 m. ENE. from Louisville, 28 SSW. from Augusta, about 100 NW. from Savan- nail, 689 from W. It is situated on Brier Creek, about 14 m. from the Savannah, and contains a conrt-housc, a jail, an academy, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists, and 50 dwelling-houses. WAYNESBURG, t. Franklin co. Pa. situ- ated 9 m. E. of Greencastle, SE. part of the co. WAYNESVILLE, v. Warren co. Ohio, on the Little Miami, 40 m. NE. from Cincinnati. It is inhabited chiefly by Friends, who have a large brick meeting-house, 80 feet by 40. Pop. 439. WAYNESVILLE, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah, ^ m. below Pine Creek. 434 WAY— WES fM ■ WAYNESVILLE, v. Haywood co. N. C. WEARE, t. Hillsborouffh co. N. 11. 15 id. NNVV. from Amlierst, 55 W. from Portsmouth. Pop. 2,430. It is a large and valuable a^jri- cultu'al town, and contains 3 houses of public worship, and a cotton manufactory. WEATHERSFIELD, t. Windsor co. Vt on W. bank of Connecticut river, opposite Claremont, 9 m. S. by W. from Windsor. Pop, 2,213. It is a considerable town. WEATHERSFIELD. Sec Wethersfielil. WEATHERSFIELD, t. Trumbull co.Ohio, on tlie Mahoning. It contains a forge and furnace, where bar-iron and hoUow-warc are made to considerable extent. Pop. 1,066. WEBHAMET, r. Mc. runs into tlie AUan- tic, in Wells. WEEBOTUCK, r. branch of the Housa- tonnuc. It rises in NE. part of N. Y. and joins the Housatonnuc in Connecticut. WELBY, V. Prince' George co. Md. 8 m. from W. WELD, t. Oxford co. Me. Pop. 766. WELLFLEET, t. and s-p. Barnstable co. Mass. on a bay of the same name, 31 m. ENE. from Barnstable- 97 SE. from Boston. Pop. 2,044. WELLINGTON, t. Bristol co. Mass. on W. side of Taunton river, 2 m. N. from Digh- ton, 3 S. from Taunton, 35 S. from Boston. It contains a paper-mill, and several woollen and cotton manufactories. WELLS, t York co. Me. 12 m. NNE. from York, 30 SW. from Portland, 88 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,977. It is separated from Arundel by the river Kennebunk, at the mouth of which is the village and seaport of Kenne- bunk. WELLS, t Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 340, WELLS, v. Beaufort co. S. C. WELLS, t. Rutland co. Vt. 50 m. N. from Bennington. Pop. 880. WELLS, V. Beaufort district, S.C. WELLS, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 40 m N. from Johnstown. WELLS, r. Vt. rises in Groton, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Newbury. WELLSBOROUGH, v. and scat of justice', Tioga CO. Pa. on the heigla of land between the sources of Pine creek and tl.'i W. Branch of Susquehannah, about 50 m. a i.'ttle W. of N. from William sport. WELLSBURG, L and seat of j ustice, Br joke CO. Va. on the bank of Ohio river, above; the mouth of Buffalo creek, 15 m. above Wliecl- ing, and 280 from W. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants, and some manufactories. WELLS' CREEK, r. Ken. runs into tlie Ohio river. WELLS FALLS, cataract in the river Del- aware, 13 m. NW. from Trenton. WELLS' PASSAGE, inlet on the NW. coast of America, branching off from Brough- ton's archipelago. WELLS RIVER, v. Orange co. Vt. 48 m. NE. from Montpelier. WELLSVILIiE, V. Columbiana co. Ohio, 171 m. NE. from Columbus. WENDELL, formerly Saville, t. Cheshire CO. N. H. 22 m. NE. from Charleston, and 38 WNW. from ('oncord. WENDELL, t. Franklin co. Mass. 13 m. E. from Greenfield, and 80 W. from Boston. WENDOVER, t. Buckingham co. L.C. on the St. Francis, 25 ni. S. from Three Rivers. WENDHAM, t. Essex co. Mass. 6 m. N. from Salem, 21 NE. from Boston. Pop. 611'. WEN LOCK, t. Essex co. Vt. 65 m. NE. from Montpelier. WENTWORTH, t. Graflon co. N. H. 15 m. NW. from Plymouth, 58 NN W. from Concord. Pop. i)24. WENTWORTH, t. York co,L.C. 43 m. W. from Montreal. WENTWORTH, v. Rockingham co. N.C. 10 m. E. from Danbury, and 126 m. NW. from Raleigh. WENTWORTH MOUNTAINS, range in N. H, extending from Bethlehem on tlie Con- necticut to the White Mountains. Height about 3,000 feet WESLEY, western t Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 495. WEST, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,491. WEST ALEXANDRIA, small v. on the U. S. road, Washington co. Pa. 16 m. W. from Washington, and 14 a little N. of E. from Wheeling. WEST ALMOND, v. Alleghany co. N. Y. WEST BARNSTABLE, V. Barnstable co. Mass. 68 m. SSE. from Boston. WEST BAY, bay at W. extremity of Lake Superior. Lon. 91° 45' W. ; lat. 46° 45' N. WEST BECKET, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. W. from Northampton, and 153 W. from Boston. WEST BEDFORD, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 84 m. NE. from Columbus. WEST BLOOMFIELD, v. Ontario co. N.Y. 12 m. W. from Canandaigua. WESTBOROUGH, t Worcester co. Mass. 13 m. E. from Worcester. Pop. 1,438. WEST BOYLESTON, t. on Nashau river, Worcester co. Mass. 49 in. Vy. from Bosto^i. Pop. 1,053. WEST BRADFORD, t. Essex co. Mass. 29 m. N. from Boston. WEST BREWSTER, t. Barnstable co. Mass. 20 m. SE. from Plymouth, and 60 from BostOM. WEST BRIDGEWATER, t. Plymouth co. Mass. 34 m. S. from Boston. WEST BROOK, v. Middlesex co.Ct. 43 m. SSE. from Hartford. WEST BROOK, v. Bladen co. N. C. 135 m. S. from Raleigh. WEST BROOKFIELD, t Wcxcester co. Mass. between the two main branches of Chic apec river, 68 m. W. from Boston. WESTBURY, t Buckingham co. L.C. 80 m. SSE. from Three Rivers. WEST CARLISLE, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 87 m. NE. from Columbus. WEST-CASTLE, v. CasweU co. N.C. WEST CAYUGA, smaU v. Seneca "o. N. Y. on the W. side of Cayuga Lake, connected with East Cayuga by a bridge 316 rods long. WEST-CIlESTER, co. SE. corner N. Y be wi fT( St< # WES— WES 435 bounded N. by Putnam co. Fa by ( 'oniiccticHt, SE. and S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York Island and the Hudson. Pop. in 1820, 32,638; in 1830, 36,456. Chief town, Bedford. WEST-CHESTER, v. Middlesex co. Ct. 6 m. from Middle Haddam. WEST-CHESTER, t. Westchester co. N.Y. on East River, 12 m. NE. from New York. Pop. 3,362. It is watered by the Westchester creek and Bronx creek, and has manufactures of paper, snuff", paint, &,c. Marble is found here. Wr':ST.CHESTER, bor. and cap. Chester CO. Pa. 24 m. W. from Philadelphia, 115 from W. Tiiis is a very flourishing town, and has had a very rapid increase within the last few years. The population in 1820, was 552; in 1830, ],252; and in 1831, estimated at 1,500. It is handsomely laid out in four squares, with streets intersecting in the centre, which are neatly Macadamized. It has 4 houses for pub- lic worship; one is a Roman Catholic Chapel, one for Methodists, and two for Friends. The pubhc buildings are a courthouse and jail, with the clerks' offices, academy, and market- house. Here are also a bank, a public library, atlienoium, cabinet of natural science, and an excellent boarding-school for girls, all of which are in a flourishing condition. There are published in this place 5 weekly, and one semi monthly newspaper. A rail-road from this place communicates with the Columbia rail- road. WEST-CHESTER, v. Tuscarawas co.Ohio, Pop. 52. " r. N.J. which runs into Lon. 74°57' W.; lat. 3!»o WEST-CREEK, the Delaware Bay. 14' N. WESTERLO, t. 3,220. WESTERLY, v. Albany co. N.Y. Pop. Merrimack co. N. H. WICSTERLY, t. Washington eo. R.I. on the E. side of Pawcatuck river, opposite to Stonington, in Con. 13 m. W. of ('harleston, 34 from Newjwrt, and 20 E. of New London. Pop. 1,903. In Pi^ckatuck village, in this, t, are two banks, two academies, and a woollen clotli factory. WESTERN, t. Worcest^^r co. Mass. 22 m. SW. from Worcester. Pop. 1,189. WESTERN, t Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mo- hn.wk, 5 m. alwve Rome. Pop. 2,419. WESTERNPORT, or Westport, v. Alle- ghany do. Md. on the left; bank of Potomac r. between George's creek and Savage river, 20 in. by land above Cumberland. WESTERN STAR, v. Medina co. Ohio, 168 m. NE. from Columbus. WEST FAIPLEE, t Orange ca Vt. .36 m. SR from Montpelier. Pop. 841. WEST FARMS, v. Westchester co. N. Y. on Bronx r. 10 m. NE, from New York. WESTFIELD, t. King's co. New Bruns- wick, on Kennebecasis Bay. WESTFIELD, t Orleans co. Vt. 52 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 353. WESTFIELD, t Richmond co. N. Y. on SUten Island, 3J SW. Riclimond. Pop. 1,734. WESTFIELD, r. Mass. rises in Berkshire CO. and runs tlirough Middlcficid, Westfield, and West Springfield, where it flows into the C^onnectient. WESTFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass. 7 ni. W. from Springfield, 93 WSW. irom. Boston. Pop. 2,941. This is a pleasant and excellent agricultural town, and has a handsome village, containing a Congregational meeting-house, a respectable and flourishing academy, and some manufactures. WESTFIELD, v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 358 m. SW. by W. from Albany. WESTFIELD, t. Essex co. N.J. 8 m. W. from Elizabethtown. Pop. 2,492. WESTFIELD, one of thuS. towns of Me- dina CO. Ohio. Pop. 577. WESTFIELD, v. Delaware co. Ohio, 37 m. N. from Columbus. WESTFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass. on the E. side of Stony river, 28 m. NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,329. WESTFORD, t. on Brown's river, in the northern part of Chittenden co. Vt. 35 m. NW. from Mdntpelier.' Pop. 1,290. WESTFORD, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. SE. from Cooperstown. Pop. 1,645. WEST FRIENDSHIP, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. 50 m. from Annapolis, and 58 from W. WEST GREENWICH, SW. t. Kent co. R. I. 18 m. SW. from Providence. Pop. 1,817. WESTHAM, t. Henrico co. Va. on the N. side of James river, 6 m. above Richmond. WESTHAMPTON, t Hampshire co. Mass. 10 m. W. from Norlhampton. Pop. 907. WEST HAMPTON, v. on the S. side of Tiong Island, Suffolk eo. N. Y. 80 m. a little N. of E. from New York. WEST HANOVER, t. on Swatara river, Dauphin co. Pa. 15 ni. NE. by E. from Harris- burg, and 15 W. from Lebanon. WEST HARBOR, bay on the S. coast of Jamaica, formed by a peninsula, called Port- land Ridge. Lon. 77° W. ; lat. 17=" 48' N. WEST HARTFORD, t. Hartford eo. Ct. 5 m. from Hartford. WEST HARTLAND, v. in the NW. part, of Hartford co. Ct. 25 m. NW. from Hartford. WEST HAVEN, t. Rutland co. Vt. 50 m. W. from Windsor. Pop. 724. WEST HEBRON, t. between Moses' Kill and Fort Edward, Washington co. N. Y. 48 m. W. from Albany. WEST HILL, v. Suffolk co, N. Y. WEST INDIES. See Indies, West. WEST ISLES, t. Charlotte co. New Bruns- wick, on the coast, including Campo Bello, Grand Mcnan, and other islands. WESTLAND, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 137 m. SW. from Richmond. WESTLAND, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 802. WEST LIBERTY, v. o.i the uead of Short creek, Ohio co. Va. 14 m. NE. from Wheeling, and 20 W. from Washington in Pa. WEST LIBERTY, v. Henry co. In. 40 m. NE, by E, from Indianapolis, WEST LIBERTY, v, Morgan co. Ken. 75 m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. 436 WES— WES WEST LIBERTY, v. Logan co. Ohia WEST LOWVILLE, v. Lewis co. N.Y. 30 m. NE. from Socket's Harbor, and 55 NNW. from Utica. WEST MARTINSBURG, t Lewis co. N. Y. 35 m. NE. from Sackct's Harbor, and 50 NNW. from Utica. WEST MENDON, t. Monroe ca N. Y. 12 m. S. from Rochester. WEST MEREDITH, t. on Olean creek, Delaware co. N. Y. 30 m. S. from Cooperstown, and 104 SW. by W. from Albany. WEST MIDDLEBURG, t. Schoharie co. N.Y. 35 m. W. from Albany, WEST MIDDLETOWN, v. WaBliington CO. Pa. 20 m. NNW. from Washington, and 35 a little S. of W. from Pittsburg. WEST MINOT, t. in the north-west angle of Cumberland co. Me. 4G m. N. from Port- land. WESTMINSTER, t. Middlesex co. U.C. WESTMINSTER, t. Windliam co. Vt. on the Connecticut, opposite Walpole, with which it is connected by a bridge; 28 m. S. from Montpelidr, 445 from W. Pop. 1,737. It is a pleasant and considerable town. WESTMINSTER, t. Worcester co. Mass. 21 m. NNW. from Worcester, 54 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,695. WESTMINSTER, t. Frederick co. Md. 30 m. NW. from Baltimore, 66 from W. It con- tains a bank and a printing-office. WESTMORE, t. Orleans co. Vt. 53 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 32. WESTMORELAND, co. New Brunswick, bordering on Nova Scotia and the Gulf of St Lawrence. WESTMORELAND, t Cheshire co. N.H. on the Connecticut, 9 m. W. from Kcene, 65 WSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,647. It is a considerable agricultural town, and contains meeting-houses for Baptists and Congregation- WESTMORELAND, t. Oneida co, N. Y. 10 m. W. from Utica. Pop. 3,303. WESTMORELAND, co. souUi-west part of Fa. bounded NE. by Armstrong and Indiana cos. ESE. by Cambria and Somerset cos. S. by Fayette co. and W. by Waslvington and Alio ghany cos. Pop. in 1820, 30,540; in 1830, 38,400. Chieftown, Grornsburg. WESTMORELAND, . >. NPJ. part of Va. bounded N. and NE. by tiie Potomac, E. by Nortluunberland co. S. by Richmond co. and the Rappahannock, and W. by King George co. Pop. 8,411. WEST NEWBURY, t Essex co. Mass. Pop. 1,586. WESTON, t. Windsor co. Vt. 30 m. WSW. from Windsor. Pop. 972. WESTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 15 m. W. from Boston. Pop. 1,091. WESTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 9 m. N. from Fairfield. Pop. 2,997. Here is an academy. WEST POINT, t. Orange co. N. Y. on the west bank of the Hudson, 58 m, above New York. The United States Military Academy at tliis place was establi-shed by Congress in 1802, for the instruction of young men des- tined for the aTmy. The number of cadets is limited to 250, and in choosing among the ap- plicants, the sons of revolutionary officers are allowed the first claim, and the children of the deceased officers of the last war, the second. The age of the pupils on admission must be between 14 and 22. The professors and in- structors arc 30 in number ; each of the cadets costs the government 336 dollars annually. They are required to encamp 6 or 8 weeks during the year. The course of study is com- pleted in 4 years, and includes French, draw- • ing,natural and experimental philosophy,chem- istry, mineralogy, geography, history, ethics, national law, mathematics, and the whole sci- ence of strategy, tactics, artillery, and engineer- ing. The annual expense of the institution is 115,000 dollars. There are 5 large stone build- ings, and 6 of brick. The site they occupy is very beautiful and commanding, being a level 188 feet above the river. Close to the shore stands a white marble monument, bearing the name of Kosciusko. In another part is an obelisk to the memory of Col. Wood, one of tlie pupils, who fell at Fort Erie. WESTPORT, t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass. on Buzzard's Bay, 24 m. S. from Taunton, 60 S. from Boston. Pop. 2,773. It is a consider- able town, and has some trade. WESTPORT, v. Essex co. N.Y. WESTPORT, t. Henry co. Ken. on the Ohio, 17 m. above Louisville. It contained, in 1818, about 50 houses, and is watered by liittle Kentucky river, which affords seats for mills. WEST QUODDY HEAD, in Luke, Me. the SW. point of the entrance into Passama- quoddy Bay. Here is a light-house. WESTRAYVILLE, v. Nash co. N. C. WEST RIVER, r. Me. runs into Machias Bay, Ion. 673 19' w. ; hit. 44^ 45' N. WEST RIVER, r. Vt. runs into the Con- necticut, 10 m. from the S. boijndary of the state. WEST RIVER, V. Ontario co. N. Y. WEST RIVER, V. Ann-Arundel co. Md. WEST RIVER, r. Md. runs into the Ches- apeake, Ion. 763 42' w. ; Ijt. 38^ 54' N. WEST RIVER, r. Va. runs into Black Bay, Ion. 76= 17' W. ; hit. 36° 30' N. WEST RIVER MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H. in Ciiesterficld and Hinsdale, near the Connec- ticut, opposite the mouth of West river. It has discovered volcanic appearances. Considera- ble search has been made in thip mountain for valuable ores, but without success. WEST-SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass. on the west side of the Connecticut river, opposite Springfield. Pop. 3,272. WEST-STOCKBRIDGE, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 10 m. SW. from Lenox. Pop. 1,208. WEST TOWN, t. Delaware co. Pa. 4 m. ESE. from Westchester, 19 W. by S. from Philadelphia. Here is a largo and respectable Friends' Ixiarding-school, containing 150 pu- pils. Tlie building is of brick, 140 feet by 50, of 3 stories, and is finely situated. WEST TOWN, V. Orange co. N. Y. WEST UNION, t. and cap. Adams co. Ohio, 52 SW. from Chillicothe, 470 from W. WES— WHI 437 It contains the county buildingn, a bank, and a printingf-office. Pop. 429. WESTVILLE, V. Simpson co. Mis. WESTVILLE, V. in Berkshire, N.Y. 14 m. N. from Owcgo. nt. N.H. |c Connec- er. It has onsidera- luntain for ipden CO. kicut river, Ikshire co. >. 1,208. Pa. 4 m. S. from fespectable 150 pu. ffeet by 50, ,Y. ^dams CO. fromW. WESTWARD R/iLL!-, v. Brunswick co. Virginia. WETARHOO, r. La. runs into the Missou- ri, 1422 m. from the Mississippi. WETATIC, mt Ashburnham, Mass. The elevation of tiie summit of this mountain above the level of the sea, was found by barometrical measurement, in 1817, to be 1,900 feet WETHERSFIELD, t. Hartford co. Ct. on west bank of the Connecticut, 4 m. S. from Hartford. Pop. 3,862. It contains 3 parishes, in cacii of which is a (Congregational meeting- house ; it has also a Baptist meeting-house, and an academy. It is a very pleasant and hand- some town, situated in a fertile tract of country, and is famous for raising great quantities of onions. WETHERSFIELD. See Weathmjield. WEYBRIDGE, t Addison co. Vt Pop. 850. WEYMOUTH, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m. SR from Boston, noted for the manufacture of excellent cheese. Pop. 2,839. . WEYMOUTH, t Gloucester ca N. J. Pop. 1,270. WEYMOUTH FURNACE, v, Gloucester CO. N. J. WHALE BANK, fishing-bank on the coast of Newfoundland, 60 miles long, and 21 wide; 90 miles S. from Cape Mary. Lon. 53° 50' W. ; lat 45=- N. WHALE ISLAND, small is), in the North Sea. lyjn. 134° W.; lat 69° 14' N. ■ WHARTON, V. St. Tamany's parish. La. WHARTONVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va. WHATELEY, t. Franklin co. Mass. on the W. side of Connecticut river, 10 miles above Northampton. Pop. 1,111. WHATLEY'S MILTiS, v. Morgan ca Geo. WHEATLAND, t. Monroe ca N. Y. Pop. 9 239. ' WHEAT PLAINS, v. Pike co. Pa. WHEELER, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 1,389. WHEELER'S SPRINGS, Charlotte co. Va. 109 m. SW. from Richmond. WHEELING, r. Va. runs into the Ohio at Wheeling. WHEELING, t. and cap. Ohio ca Va. on Ohio river, at the mouth of Wheeling creek, 140 m. W. by N. from Cumberland, 57 m. SW. from Pittsburg, by the road ; 95 by the river. It stands on a high bank, and the build- ings are chiefly oi. one street, running parallel with the river. The town contains a court- house, jail, church, nail factory, and 5,221 in habitants. The great road from Wheeling to Cumberland, on the Potomac, was constructed by the U.S. at an expense of $1,800,000. This road completes the communication between Baltimore and the navigable western waters, and will doubtless cause Wheeling to rise rap- idly in population and commercial importance. WHEELIN(i, t. Belmont ca Ohio, 4 m. N. from St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,669. WHEELING, t Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills creek, 6 m. N. from Cambridge. Pop. 277. WHEELING, or Indian Wheeling, r.Ohio, runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite the town of Wheeling. WHEELOCK, t Caledonia ca Vt 30 m. N E. from • Montpel ier. Pop. 834. WHETSTONE, r. Ohio, runs into the Scioto, at Columbus. WHITE, CO. of Ten. bounded by Bledsoe SE. Warren W. or Caney Fork river SW. Smith NW. Jackson N. and Overton NE. Lengtli 40 m. mean width 19. It is drained by the eastern branches of Caney Fork river. Chief town, Sparta. Pop. in 1820, 8,701 ; in 1830 9 962. WHITE, CO. of U. bounded by Wabash river E. Gallatin co. S. Franklin and Jefferson W. and Wayne and Edwards N. Length 42 ni. width 20, area 800 sq. ms. It is chiefly drained by Little Wabash river. Chief town, Carnii. Pop. in 1820, 4,828 ; in 1830, 6,091. WHITE BAY, bay on the E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 56° 2.5' W. ; lat. 50° 10' N. WHITE BEAR LAKE, late, N. America, one of the most northerly of those lakes which supply the Mississippi. It is alrout 60 m. in circumference. Lon. 95° 30' W. ; lat. 46° 50' N. WHITE BLUFF, settlement, Chatham ca Geo. 10 m. S. from Savannah. WHITE CAVE, cave. Ken. a mile from Mammoth Cave. It contains many splendid and beautiful petrifactions. WHITE CHIMNEYS, v. Caroline co. Va. 30 m. NNE. from Richmond. WHITE CLAY CREEK, fiscs in Chester CO. Pa. flows SE. into Newcastle co. Del. and joins Rod Clay creek near their joint influx into t!ic Christiana. WHITE CREEK, t Washington ca N. Y. It is tlie seat of arv academy, 36 m. NE. from Albany. Pop. 2,448. WHITE DAY,t Monongahela ca Va. 320 m. NW. from Richmond. WHITE DEER, v. Lycoming ca Pa. 10 SSE. from Williamsport, and 84 m. N. from Harrisburg. WHITE-EARTH, r. N. America, empties into the Missouri, 1,840 m. from tlie Missis- sippi. WHITEFACE, mt N. H., N. of Sandwich mountain. WHITEFACE, mt. in Jay, N. Y. It com- mands a very extensive prospect. Montreal 80 m. distant, may be seen from its summit lU height is estimated at 2,600 feet WHITEFIELD, t Lincoln co. Me. on both sides of Shecpscot river, 15 m. N. from Wis- casset Pop. 2,020. WHITEFIELD, t Coos co. N. H. 4 m. from Connecticut river, 120 m. N. from Con- cord. Pop. 6«5. WHITE FISH POINT, peninsula, Michi- gan territory, extending into Lake Superior, 33 m. W. St. Mary's river, WHITEHALL, t. Washington ca N.Y. It stands at the mouth of a creek flowing into the S. end of Lake Champlain. The northerly 43R WHIt-WIII ounal from the Hudson here passes into the lake. Sloops, steam-boats, and other lake crafl come up to the town, and the trade of the plane is very active. A steam-boat plies regularly between Whitehall and St. Johns, L. C. 70 ni. N. from Albany, 170 NW. from Boston. Pop. 2 888 ' WHITEHALL, v. Columbia co. Pa. 2 m. N. from Danville, and 81 m. a little E. of N. from Harrisburjr. WHITE HALL, v. Frederick co. Va. 92 m. westerly from W. WHITE HALL, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 169 m. SW. from Raleigh. WHITE HALL, v. Abbeville district, S.C. 100 m. W. from Columbia. WHITEHAVEN, v. Somerset co. Md. WHITEHEAD, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 67° 40' W. ; lat. 44° 43' N. WHITE HOUSE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J, 9 m. NW. by W. from Summervillc, and 39 m. N. from Trenton. WHITE LAKE, /. on the Newburgh turn pike road, Sullivan co. N. Y. 50 m. NW. by W. from Newburgh, and 122 m. NW. from Al- bany. WHITELEY, CO. Ken. bounded by Ten. S. Wayne co. Ken. W. Rockcastle river NW. Kno.Y NE. and Harlan E. Iicngth 40 m. mean width 14. Camberland river traverses it from SE. to NW. Chief town, Williamsburg. Pop. in 1820, 2,310 ; in 1830, 3,807. WHlTEr,EY, C. H. and v. Whiteley co. Ken. 78 m. SSE. from Hartford, 557 from W. WHITELEYSBURG, v. Kent co. Del. 22 m. SE. from Ddver. WHITEMARSH, v. Montgomery co. Pa about 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. The White- marsh has long been ndted for its elegant and variegated marble. WHITE MOUNTAINS, or White Hills, range of mountains, N. H. 18 or 20 m. long and 8 or 10 broad. The base of the mountains is about 25 SE. from Lancaster, and Mount Washington, the highest summit, is 70 m. in a right line N. from Concord, 82 N. by W. from Portsmouth'. Lon. 71° 20' W. ; lat. 44° 15' N. In the western pass of these moun- tains there is a remarkable gap, called the Notch. These mountains are covered with snow 9 or 10 months in the year, and derive their name from their white appearance. They are seen many miles off at sea, and a person, when on their summit, has a distinct view of the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest part of which is 65 m. distant in a direct line. The limit of forest-trees is at the height of 4,428 feet. The view from the summit of Mount Washington is wonderfully grand and picturesque. Innu- merable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns, and villages meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the eastero horizon. To the N. is seen the loily summits of Adama and Jefferson, and to the E. a little detached from the range stands Mount Madison. Mount Washington is sup- ported on the N. by a high ridge which ex- tends to Mount Jefferson ; on the NE. by a large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur extending far away in that difection ; E. by a promontory of no great extent, but whieii breaks off abruptly ; S. and SE. by a grassy plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. Tlie more elevated parts of these mountains are occasionally subject to slides of earth, which sweep suddenly down their sides, and occasion groat damage. A serious calamity of this kind occurred at the Notch in August, 1826, to a family of the name of Willcy, who occupied a dwelling in the narrowest port of the defile many miles from any other humdn habitation. At midnight, during a furious storm of rain, the mountain broke ioose above them, and poured down in a torreilt of earth, rocks, and trees. The family, aroused by the noise, im- mediately fled from the house, but were over- taken by the rushing mass, and swept to de- struction. The roads and bridges along the valley were destroyed, the streams choked up, and heaps jf earth, rocks, and trees, exhibited a frightful picture of desolation. The following table exhibits the elevation of the several peaks, according to the measure- ment of capt. A. Partridge. Feet above Feet above the sea. the base. Mount Washington ....6,234 4,464 . 2d peak 5,328 3,554 3d peak 5,058 3,288 4th peak 4,866 3,096 5th peak.... 4,711 2,941 6th peak 4,356. .. ..2,586 Base of the mountains,. .1,770 WHITE OAK, v. Rutherford co. N. C. 524 m. from W. WHITE OAK CREEK, r. N. C. runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 77° 26' W. ; lat. 34^ 39' N. WHITE OAK MOUNTAINS, in W. part of N. C. Lon. 82° 30' W. ; lat. 36° 10' N. WHITE OAK SPRING, v. Gibson co. In. WHITE PLAINS, v. Orange co. Va. WHITE PLAINS, v. Granville co. N. C. ' WHITE PLAINS, v. White co. Ten. WHITE PLAINS, v. Westchester co. N. Y. 15 m. N. of Kingsbridge, and 30 of the city of New York. Pop. 759. WHITE PLAINS, v. Jackson co. Ten. 56 m. NE. from Murfreesborough. WHITE POST, v. Frederick co. Va. 10 m. SSE. from Winchester, and 78 a little N. of W. from W. V/HITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Arkan- sas, 125 m. from Little Rock. WHITE RIVER, r. In. is the great south- eastern branch of the Wabash. It is formed by two branches, both rising about lat 40° N. and lon. from W. 8° W. and near the western boundary of the state of Ohio. Flowing by a general course SW. about 70 miles, the two branches unite, and continuing below their junction 30 miles, join the Wabash, between Knox and Gibson cos. at lat. 30° 27' N. WHITE RIVER, r. of Ark. and Mia. rises in the southern part of the latter, aad northern part of the former, by 2 largo branches, Whit't river proper, or NW. branch, and Black rive:-, or NE. branch. Both these rivers are navign fbrn cree shod on It isl dwelf builn dentJ palia| \\ falls I ^^ land I W| into abovd .;•-' WHI— WIL 439 at spur E. by a ; which 1 grassy •es. Tlie iiins are u, which occasion Lhis kind S26, to a occupied the deiile abitation. 1 of rain, icm, and jcks, and noise, im- vcre ovcr- rept to de- along the ;hoked up, , exhibited levation of ! nieasure- Feet ahove the hase. .4,464 . ..3,554 ..3,288 . .3,096 . .2,941 ..2,586 , N. C. 524 D. runs into ,.34^39' N. , in W. pari J6° 10' N. ibson CO. Tn. ;o. Va. 2 CO. N. C. 0. Ten. 3terco.N.Y. )f the city of CO. Ten. 56 CO. Va. 10 m. a little N. of ;e CO. Arkan- , great south- It is formed ut lat. 40° N. . the western Flowing by a liles, the two r below their bash, between 27' N. md Mis. rises , a«d northern BncheB,Whito Black riyc;-, irs are navign ble in seasons of high water, far above their junction. They unite in Arkansas, lat 35° 30' N. and the stream flows thence nearly a S. course about 120 m. S. and falls into Mississippi river 30 m. above the mouth of Arkansas. White river is at all seasons navigable below the mouth of Black river. The length of this stream, following either branch, is about 350 miles. WHITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Mis. WHITE RIVER, r. Vt. rises in Kingston, and runs into the Connecticut, at Hartford. Length 50 miles. WHITE RIVER, t. Knox co. In. WHITE RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis- souri, 1130 m. from the Mississippi. WHITE RIVER, r. N. America, runs into Lake Michigan, Ion. 85° 35' W.; lat. 43° 40' N. WHITE ROCK, V. Charlotte co. Va. WHITE ROCK, v. Halifax co. Va. WHITESBOROUGH, v. Oneida co. N. Y. 4 m. NW. from Utica. It is principally built on a single street, 1^ ni. lung, and contains a handsome court-house, a jail, academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Presbyteri- ans. Many of the dwelling-houses arc elegant. WHITE'S. CREEK, v. Rhea co. Ten. WHITESTOWN, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, comprising the villages of Wliites- borough and New Hartford. Pop. 4,410. WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Green- brier CO. Va. WHITESVILLE, t. and cap. Columbus co. N.C. WHITEWATER, t Han Iton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,734. WHITE WATER, r. rises in In. and re- ceiving numerous tributaries, runs into the Miami, in Ohio, 5 m. above the junction of that river with the Ohio, 20 m. below Brookville. It is a beautiful, transparent stream. It has a rapid current, not easily navigable, but is well adapted to mills, and many are now crGctsd WHITE WOMAN 3 RIVER, r. Ohio, is formed by the union of Mohiccan and Owl creeks, and flows into the Muskingum, at Co- shocton. WHITING, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 50 m. SW. from Montpelier. Pop. 653. WHITINGHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. 52 m. S. from Windsor. Pop. 1,477. WHITTEDSVILLE, V. Buncombe co. N.C. WICKFORD, V. in Nortii Kingston, R. I. on Narraganset Bay, 9 m. NW. from Newport. It is pleasantly situated, and contains about 100 dwelling-houses, a bank, an academy, with a building of 60 feet by 30, and about 60 stu- dents ; 3 churches, 1 each for Baptists, Episco- palians, and Quakers. WICOMICO, r. Md. rises in Delaware, and falls into the Chesapeake, S. of the Nanticoke. WICOMICO CHURCH, v. Northumber- land CO. Va. WICONISCO, creek, Daupliin co. Pa. runs into the Susquehannah on tiie E. side, 14 m. above the Jimiatta. WICONISCO MOUNTAIN, Dauphin (o. Pa. S. of Wiconisco creek. WIGHCOMICO, sliort navigable river, Md. flows into the Potomac, 35 ni. irom its mouth. WILBRAHAM, t. Hampden co. Mass. 10 m. SE. from Springfield, 77 WSW. from Bos- ton. Pop. 2,035. WILCOX, CO. Al. bounded N. by Dallas, E. by Montgomery, S. by Butler and Monroe, W. by Clarke and Marengo. Chief town, Can-' ton. Pop. 2,469. WILDERNESS, v. Siwtsylvania co. Va. WILKES, CO. Geo. bounded by Columbia and Warren SE. Greene SW. Ogictliorpe NW. Broad river or Jeft'erson and Lincoln cos. E. It is about 22 m. square. Chief town, Wash- ington. Pop. hi 1820, 16,912 ; in 1830, 14,237. WILKES, CO. north-west corner of N.C. bounded N. by Asher, E. by Surrey, S. by Ire- dell and Burke, W. by Burke and Asher. Chief town, Wilkcsborough. Pop. in 1820, 9,967; in 1830, 1 1,942. WILKES, t. and cap. Wilkes co.N.C.50 m. W. from Gcrmantown, 442 from W. WILKES, t. (iallia co. Ohio. Pop. 476. WILKESBARRE, formerly Wyoming, t. and cap. Luzerne co. Pa. on the SE. side of the Suwjuehannah, U!) in. NW. from Phila- delphia, 121 NE. from Harrisburg, 222 from W. Po]). 2,233. It contains a court-house, jail, churcii, bank, and academy, and issues 2 weekly newspapers. A dreadful massacre was committed in this place during the American war, by tlie Indians under tlie command of Col. Butler, WILKINSON, CO. SW. corner of Mis. Pop. 11,693. Chief town, Woodville. WILKINSON, CO. SW. part of Geo. Pop. 6,558. Chief town, Irwinton. WILKINSONVILLE, t. Randolph co. II. on the Oiiio, about half-way between Fort Mas- sac and the mouth of the Ohio. WILKINSONVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Virginia. WILLAMANTIC, r. Ct. It is a principal branch of the Shetucket, which it joins N. of Lebanon. WILLEQUENGAUGUM, lake on E. side of Me. at the sources of the St. Croix. WILLET, t. Cortlandt co. N. Y. Pop. 840. WILLIAMS, NW. CO. of Ohio, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by Henry co. S. by Paulding, and W. by the state of Indiana. It is above 25 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. to W. It is not settled. The principal waters are tlie St. Joseph's and Maumec rivers. WILLIAMSBOROUGH, t. Burhngton co. N.J. WILLIAMSBOROUGH, v. Greenville co. N. C. on the W. side of Nutbush creek, a brancli of the Roanoke, 17 m. W. from War- rcnton, about 37 W. by N. from Halifax, and 49 NE. from Hillsborough. WILLIAMSBURG, t. N. from Sebec river, Penobscot co. Me. 65 in. N. from Belfast, 40 NNW. from Bangor, and 175 NNE. from Port- land. Pop. 227. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Hampshire co. Mass 440 WIL— WIL 1 Pllv 'iW iSl^^v km M^i m W ^Sm ip^Kf.; |ra| yi'.^p , ill 8 in. NW. from Northampton, 100 W. from Boaton. Pop. 1,235. WII-LIAMSBURO, v. Huntingdon co. Pa. WILLIAMSUUUG, t. Talbot co. Md. 5 m. NE. from Easton. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Clermont co. Oliio, 35 m. ENE. from Cincinnati, 65 W. by S. from Ciiillicotlic. Pop. 286. • It was formerly the cap. of the co. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a [)rinting-onicc. WILLIAMSBURG, v. James City co. Va. 32 m. E. by S. from Richmond. This town was once the capital of the state, but is now much decayed from its former importance. It still contains William and Mary College, which was founded here in 161)3. It has 7 instruct- ors and 60 students. The libraries have 4,200 volumes. It has one vacation of nearly four months, from July to October. Commence- ment is in July. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Clermont co. Ohio, containing a village of the same name. Pop. 1,609. WILLIAMSBURG, t Mason co. Ken. WILLIAMSBURG, district, NE. part of S C WILLIAMSBURG,, t. and cap. Williams, burg district, S.C. 72 m. NNE. from Charleston. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Jackson co. Ten. on N. side of the Cumberland, about 15 m. ENE. from Carthage. Six miles NE. of this village there is a valuable salt-spring, where large quantities of salt are made. WILLI AMSFIELD,t. Ashtabula cO. Ohio. WILLIAMSON, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on S. side of Lake Ontario, 20 m. N. from Canan- daigua. Pop. 1,788. WILLIAMSON, CO. W. Ten. Pop. 26,608. Chief town, Franklin. WILLI AMSPORT,bor. and cap. Lycoming CO. Pa. on W. branch of the Susquehannah, 38 m. above Northumberland, 2^ E. from New- bury, 190 from W. WILLIAMSPORT, t. Washington co. Md. on the Potomac, 6 m. W. from Elizabethtown. WILLIAMS' RIVER, r. Vt rises in Ches- ter, and runs into the Connecticut, 3 ni. N. from Bellows Falls. WILLIAMSTON, t. and cap. Martin co. N. C. on the Roanoke, 50 m. SE. from Halifax, 277 from W. WILLI AMSTOWN, t. Orange co. Vt 11 m. S. from Montpclier. Pop. 1,487. WILLIAMSTOWN,t. Berkshire co. Mass. 28 m. N. from Lenox, 135 W. by N. from Bos- ton. Lon. 73° 15' W.; lat. 42° 38' N. Fop. 2,137. It is situated in NW. corner of tlie state, having Saddle Mountain on the E. and hills which separate it from New York on the W. being in a beautiful vale. Hoosack river flows throu^ the NE. part. It is a fine agri- cultural town, and contains 2 Congregational meeting-houses, a college, and some manufac turing establishments, Williams College, at this place, was founded in 1793 ; it is a re- spectable and flourishing institution ; the build- ings are, two brick ediflces 4 stories high, and a laboratory. The libraries contain about 4,000 volumes; the number of students ranges from 100 to 150 ; the whole number of graduates from its commencement to 1830, was 700. Lectures arc given on chemistry, mathematics and natural philosophy, languages, and divini- ty. There are 3 terms in a year. Term hilln, including tuition, room rent, library, &c. arc usually less than 10 dollars. Board is usually 2 dollars a week. Commencement is held oii the first Wednesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; the first, from commencement 4 weeks; the second, from the 4th Wednesday in December 6 weeks; the third, from the 3d Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. WILLIAMSTOWN, t. Oswego co. N.Y. W. of Camden. Pop. 606. WILLIAMSTOWN, v. Grant co. Ken. WILLI AMSVILLE, v. in Buffalo, N. Y. 11 m. NE. from Buffalo. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. on EUicott's creek, Erie co. N. Y. 12 m. NE. from Buffalo. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. 43 m. from Richmond. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Person co. N.C. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken. WILLIMANTIC, rapids in Connecticut r. Mass. about a mile below South Hadley canal. They are avoided by opening a channel a mile in length on the western shore. WILLINBOROUGH,t. Burlington CO.N.J. on the Delaware, 14 m. from Philadelphia. Pop. 782. WILLINGBOROUGH, v. Susquehannah CO. Pa. WILLING'S CREEK, r. Mis. runs into the Mississippi, lon. 91° 21' W. ; lat. 30° 49' N. WILLINGTON, v. Abbeville district, S.C. WILLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct. 8 m. E. from Tolland, 26 NE, Hartford. Pop. 1,305. WILLIS'S CREEK, r. Va. runs into the James river, lon. 78° 18' W. ; lat 37° 40' N. WILLIS'S MOUNTAIN, mt Buckingham CO. Va. 42 m. S. from Charlottesville. WILLISTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt 8 m. ESE. from Burlington. WILLOUGHBY, t. Lincoln co. U. C. on Niagara river, j\iA above the falls. WILLOUGHBY LAKE, lake, in Essex co. Vermont WILLOW GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa. WILLOW GROVE, v. Sumpter 'district, S. Carolina. WILLS, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,596. WILLSBOROUGH, f Essex co. N.Y. on Lake Champlain, S. from Chesterfield. Pop. 1,316. WILL'S CREEK, r. rises in Pa. and runs S. by W. into tlie Potomac, at Cumberland, in Maryland. WILLSHIRE, v. Van Wert co. Ohio, 131 m. NW. from Columbus. WILLTOWN, v. in Fairfield, Ct. 279 m. from W. WILLTOWN, v. Williamsburg district, S. Carolina. WILLTOWN, V. Charleston district, S.C. on the Edisto, 27 m, WSW. from Charleston. WILMINGTON, t. Windham co. Vt 21 m. E. from Bennington. Pop. 1367. WILMINGTON.t Essex co.N.Y. Pop. 695. WIL— WIN 441 WILMINGTON, t Middlesex co. Mass. 16 III. N. from IJoflton. Pop. 731. WILMINGT(JN, city and port of entry, Newcastle co. Del. between the Brandywino and Christiana creeks, 1 ni. aljovc their conflu- ence, and 2 W. from the Delaware, 5 N. from Newcastle, 28 SW. from Philadelphia, 72 NE. from Baltimore, and 110 from W. Lon. 77° 34' W. ; lat. 3'.)° 43' N. Pop. in 1820, 5,263 ; in 1830, 6,628. The position of the town is high, airy and pleasant; it is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It is supplied with water from the Brandywino, by water-works, like those of Philadelphia. The city contains a town-hall, 2 market-houses, 3 banks, a spacious alms- house of stone, a U. S. arsenal, and 13 houses of public worship, viz. 3 for Episcopalians, 3 for Presbyterians, 3 for Methodists, 2 for Friends, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Roman Catli- olics. The Christiana admits vessels drawing 14 feet of water to tlie town, and those of 8 feet can ascend 8 m. furtlier. The Brandy- wine has 8 feet of water to the mills. This town owns more than 10,000 tons of shipping. Its staple article of export is (lour. There is a bridge over the Brandywine, and one over the Christiana, connecting it on each side with the b«!autiful surrounding country, in which it is situated. The celebrated Brandywine flour mills are in a village a little distant irom tlic town. These flour mills wcrt formerly fhc most numerous and important in the U. S, Those in Rochester, New York, now vie with them. Within 10 m. of Wilmington there are at least 100 important manufactories, render- ing it the largest manufacturing district in tlie Atlantic states S. of Philadelphia. The prin- cipal articles manufactured are flour, cotton, wool, paper, iron castings, and powder. The celebrated powder manuCictory of E. I. Du- pdnt is on the Brandywine, near Wihnington. The Brandywine Chalybeate Springs are like- wise within 5 m. of Wilmington, situated in a highly romantic and rural country. The building for the accommodation of boarders will bear comparison with any similar estab- lishment in the U. S. It is a place of great resort for invalids and people of fashion during tlic warm season. Wilmington is noted ibr the number and excellence of its private scIiooIh, which may be attributed to a want of cntcrpi'ise in its inhabitants to encourage pub- lic institutions. There is not a seminary in the city of public endowment. Among tlie private seminaries are three Friends' boarding- schools, two for boys, and one for young ladies, of long-established celebrity ; there are several other schools of the first order that accommo- date both boarding and day scholars. The whole number of sciiools is above 40, most of which are taught by females. A Catholic charity school for tlie education of orphans is among the number. There are 4 printing- oflices in the town, from which are issued 4 lieriodical pajiers, 2 semi-weekly and 2 weekly. There is likewise a public library of 2,200 volumes. Wilmington carries on a brisk trade with Philadelphia ; two stcaiu-boatii run daily 3F between the two cities, and a third runs be- tween Wilmington and New Jersey. It con- tains a large iiumlwr of stores of almost every description, from which goods may be bought^ ut re* -il, on as good or better terms tlian in Philadelphin. WILMINGTON, t. port of entry, and cap. New Hanover co. N. C. on the E. side of Cope Fear river, just below the confluence of the NE. and NVV. branches, about 35 m. from the sea ; 90 SE. from Fuyetteville, !)3 SSW. from Newbern, and 416 from W, Lon. 78= 10' W.; lat. 34° 11' N. Pop. 2,700. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, a printing-oflice, an Episcopal, and a Presbyte- rian church. The exports from this town some years exceeds 1,000,000 dollars. It is well situated for trade, but is accounted un- healthy. The harbor admits vessels of 300 tons, but the entrance is rendered dangerous and diflicult by a large shoal. Opposite the town are two islands, which extend with tlie course of the river, dividing it into 3 channels. WILMINGTON, island, near the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Savannah river. Lat. 323 N. WILMINGTON, t. and cap. Clinton co. Ohio, 50 m. W. from Chillicothc, 54 NE. from Cincinnati, 60 SW. from Columbus, and 444 from W. It was laid out in 1810, and is a flourishing town, containing a printing-office, and 607 inhabitants. WILMINGTON, t Fluvanna co. Va. WILMOT, t. Merrimack co. N.H. 29 m. NW. from Concord. Pop. 834. WILNA, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. Pop. 1,602. WILSON, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 913. WILSON, CO. West Ten. on the S. side of Cumberland river. Pop. 25,447. Chief town, Lebanon. WILSON HILL, V. Shelby co. Al. 133 m. NNE. from Cahawba. WILTON, t. Kcnncbcck co. Me. 35 m. NW. from Augusta, 200 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 1,650. WILTON, t. Hillsborough co. N.H. 9 m. WSW. from Amherst, 40 SSW. from Concord. Pop. 1,041. WILTON, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 7 m. N. firom "Norwalk. Pop. 2,095. Here is an academy. WILTON, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Pop. 1,303. WINCHENDON, t Worcester co. Mass. 33 m. NNW. from Worcester, 60 NW. from Boston. Pop. 1,463. WINCHESTER, t. Cheshire co.N.H. 13 m. SSW. from Keene, 70 WSW. from Con- cord. Pop. 2,052. WINCHESTER, t Litchfield co. Ct 15 m. N. Litchfield. Pop. 1,766. WINCHESTER, v. Greene co. Ohio, on Anderson's creek, 7 m. from Xenia. Pop. 8. WINCHESTER, v.Gucrn8eyco.Ohio, 33m. NNE. from ZanesviUe, 45 W. from Wheeling. WINCHESTER, city and cap. Frederick CO. Va. 30 m. SW. from Harper's Ferry, 70 WNW. from Washington, 95 NE. from Staun- ton, 150 NNW. from Richmond. Lon. 77° 28' W.; lat, 39° 16' N. Pop. about 5,000. It is plcouunlly situated, regularly laid out in 442 WIN— WIN squares, is a liandHoinc und flouriHliin^ town, and contiiina a cntirt-houRo, a jail, tin nlmH- housc, a rnnrkcf.-iiouKc, as well as a frccma- Bons' hall, 2 bankn, 3 acndeinieH, 1 for inak-H aiid 1 for females, 2 ]>rintinjEr.o(Tices, from each of which is issued n wccltly iie\vH|)a])er, and 6 houses of public \vorslii|), for Preshyfcrinns, Episcopalians, (ierman liuUicrans, Raptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The prin- ci|)al street is well paved, and the town well built, a large part of the houses being of brick. It is supplied with excellent water by an aque- duct. Near the town there are several medi- cinal springs ; in tlie vicinity there are a num- ber of flour mills. It has a large number of manufactories and workshops, and being cen- tral to many mineral springs, and a place noted for its salubrity and pleasantness, it is a summer resort for strangers. WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Clarke co. Ken. on a branch of Licking river, 1() m. SSH from Paris, and 530 from W. Pop. 620. Here. is a printing-office^ WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Franklin co. Ten. on Elk river, about 35 m. E. by N. from Fayetteville, and 687 m. from W. WINCHESTER, v. and seat of justice, Wayne co. Mis. on Oaktibbchan, branch of Pascagoula river, 180 m. E. from Natchez, 150 NE. from New Orleans. Lat. 31° 39' N. WINDHAM, CO. SE. part of Vt. bounded N. by Windsor co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Bennington co. Pop. 28,758. Chief town, Newfane. WINDHAM, t. Windham co. Vt. 25 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 84. WINDHAM, t. Rockingham co, N. H. 34 m. NNW. from Boston, 40 WSW. from Ports- mouth. Pop. 1,006. WINDHAM, co.Ct. bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by New London co. and W. by Tolland co. Pop. 27,077. Chief town, Brooklyn. WINDHAM, t. Windham co. Ct 12 m. NNW. from Norwich, 31 E. from Hartford, 365 from W. Pop. 2,812. It is watered by the Shctucket, and has two considerable vil- lages, one called Wiridhamtown, and the other Williamantie, or the State ; in the latter are ^ large manufactories of cotton, from which has sprung this flourishing village. WINDHAM, t. Greene'eo. N. Y. SW. from Catskill. Pop. 3,472. WINDHAM, V. Portage co. Ohio, 220 m. NE. from Columbus. WINDSOR, t. Kennebeck co. Me. 36 m. from Portland. Pop. 1,485. WINDSOR, CO. E. side of Vt. bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham co. and W. by Rutland and Addi- son cos. Pop. 40,623. Chief towns, Windsor {LTlQ iVoodstoCK WINDSOR, t. Windsqr co. Vt. on W. bank of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Dartmouth College, 61 m. S. from Montpelier, 112 NW. from Boston, 126 N. from Hartford, 463 from W. Lon. 72o30'W.; lat 43° 2!>'N. Pop- 3,134. It is a very pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, one of the largest in the state, and has conniderablo trade. It contains a court-house, a stiite |)rison, an academy for young ladies, and 3 handsome houses of pub- lie worship, for (^ongrcgationalists. Baptists, and Episcopalians. The academy is a respect- able institution, and has from 70 to 100 pupils. Tlie building is of brick, 2 stories high. WINDSOR, t. Hillsborough co. N. H.28 m. WSW. from C^oncord. Pop. 226. WINDSOR, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. NE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,042. WINDSOR, t. Hartford co. Ct. on W. side of the Connecticut, 7 m. N. from Hartford. Pop. 3,220. It is a pleasant town, and has an academy. WINDSOR, East, t. Hartford eo. Ct. on E. side of the (Connecticut, nearly opposite Wind- sor, 7 ra. NNE. from Ilarttbrd. Pop. 3,537. It contains an academy. WINDSOR, East, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop. 2,129. WINDSOR, West, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop. 1,903. WINDSOR, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 25 m. NW. from Warren. Pop. 666. WINDSOR, t. and cap. Bertie eo. N. C. on the Cashie, 23 m. WSW. from Edenton, 280 from W. WINDSOR CREEK, r. N. America, which runs into the Missouri, 190 m. below the Great Falls. • WINDSOR RIVER, r. Ct. which runs into tlie ('oniiecticut, 4 m. N. from Hartford. WIND^yARD ISLANDS, such of the Caribbean, in the West Indies, as commence at Martinico, and extend to Tobago. WINDWARD PASSAGE, strait between Point Maizi, at the E. end of the Island of Cuba, ond Cape St. Nicholas, at the NW. ex- tremity of St. Domingo. WINEBAGO, lake, NW. Territory. Lon. 87°46'W.; lat. 43° 50' N. WINEBAGO RIVER, r. NW. Territory, which runs from Winnebago Lake to Green Bay in Lake Michigan. WINEE, or Black river, r. S. C. which rises near Camden, and runs SE. into the Great Pedee, 3 m. above Georgetown. WINFIELD, t. Herkimer eo. N.Y. 10 m. SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. Pop. 1,778. WINFIELD, or Marlborough, t. Marlbo- rough district, S. C. WINHALL, t Bennington co. Vt. about 60 m. NE. from Albany in N. Y. and 25 m. W. from Bellows Falls. Pop. 571. WINNIPEG LAKE, N. America, the source of the highest branch of the Mississippi river. Lon. 95° 8' W. ; lat. 47° 16' N. WINNIPISEOGEE LAKE, N.H. in Straf- ford CO. 20 m. long, and 8, where widest, broad. It is a beautiful lake, of a very irregu- lar form, and contains a number of islands. WINNIPISEOGEE, r. N. H. runs from Lake Winnipiseogee into the Merrimack, S. of Sanbornton. WINNSBOROrjGH, t. and cap. Fairfield CO. S. C. 8 m. W. of the Wateree, 30 m. NNW. WIN— woo 443 Marlbo- from Columbiu, 145 NNVV. from Clmrlratoii. It contaiiiH a coiirt-liouso and u juil. WINSL<)W,t. Kniiifl)Ock ro. Mc. on lli.' Kenncbfck, opjwsile Watcrville, IG in. N. from Auffusta, 1!)G NNE. from Uostnn. Vo\}flfir>[). WINSTP:I), v. and pari.sh, in Litchfield en. Ct. in NE. part of WinclicHtir, containing flourishing' manufacturcB. WINTilROP, t. KcnnclK-ck co. Mc. 11 m. W. from Augusta, IGO NNR, from Itoston. Pop. 1,887. It is a considerable and flourish- ing town, and has manufactures of cotton and woo!, and also of copperas. WINTON, cap. Hertford co. N. C. on the Chowan, 35 m. NNW. from Edunton. It contains but a few houiKs. WINTONBURY, v. Hurtford co. Ct. WINYAW BAY, S. C. formed by the junction of tlic Pedec, Wakkamaw, and Wi- nce. It is 12 m. long. WISCASSET, t. port of entry, and cap. Lincoln co. Mo. on W. side the Shre|)8cot, 8 m. NE. from Bath, 43 NE. from Portland, ItiO NE. from Boston, GOO from W. I-on. 90° 40' VV. ; lat. 430 N. Pop. 2,244. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, an academy, a bank, an insu- rance oflice, and has considerable trade. The harlwr is rarely frozen. WISER'S CREEK, r. N. America, runs into the Missouri, 342 m. below the Great Falls. VVISESBURG, V. Baltimore co. Md. 25 m. N\V. from Baltimore. WOBURN, t Middlesex co. Mass. 10 ni. N. from Boston. Fop. 1,977. WOLCOTT, L Orleans co. Vt 28 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 492. WOLCOTT, t. New Haven co. Ct. 23 m. N. from New Haven. Pop. 844. WOLCOTT, t Wayne co. N. Y. on S. side of Lake Ontario, 200 ni. W. from Albany. Pop. 1,085. WOLCOTTSVILLE, v. Litchfield co. Ct. WOLF ISLAND, or Grande, isl. at NE. end of Lake Ontario. Lon. 75° 50' W. ; lat. 44° N. WOLF RIVER, r. Ten. runs into the Mis- sissippi, N. of Chickasaw Bluft". WOLF RIVER, r. La. runs into the Mis- souri, 4G4 m. from the Missouri. WOLF RIVER, r. Mis. runs S. into the Gulf of Mexico, 22 m. E. from Pearl river. Length 140 m. It forms a considerable bay at its mouth, called St. Louis's Bay. WOLF ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Georgia. Lon. 81° 30' W. ; lat. 31° 19' N. WOLFEBOROUGH, t. Strafford co. N. II. on NE. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 50 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Pop, 1,928. WALLAWOLLAH, r. N. America, runs into the Columbia, below Lewis's river. WOLVES' ISLANDS, cluster of small isl- ands near E. coast of Maine. Lon. GG° 50' W. ; lat. 45° 4' N. WOMELSDORF, v. Berks co. Pa. G8 iti, WNW. from Philadelphia. WOOD, CO. NW. part of Va. bounded NE. by Ohio and Harrison cos. SE. by Harrison and Keniiawa cos. SW. by Kinhawa and Mason counties, and NW. by the Ohio. Pop. (i,409. Chief town, ParkcrslHirg. WOOD, northern co. of the New Purchase, Ohio, boimded N. by Michigan, E. by San- dusky and Seneca, S. by Hancock, and W. by Henry cos. It is 31 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. to W. Pop. 1,095. Chief town, Perrysbiirg. WOOD CREEK, r. N. Y. runs N. into S. end of Lake Chiimplain. Length 23 m. WOOD CREEK, r. Oneida co. N. Y. nuis W. into Oneida Lake. It is connected with the Mohawk by a cannl, 1 i m. long, and navi- gable for boats of 12 or 15 tors. WOOD ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine, 15 m. NE. from Capo Porpoise. Lon. 7(»° 24' W. ; lat. 43° 26' N. WOOD, r. N. America, runs into the Mis- sissippi, lon. 92° 35' W. ; lat. 44° N. WOODimiDGE, t. New Haven co.Ct. 7 m. NW. from New Haven. Poj). 2,049. WOODBRIDGE, t. Middlesex co. N. J. W. of Arthur Kull Sound, 3 m. NNW. from Amboy. Pop. .3,9W>. The village contains an Episcopal ond Presbyterian church. WOODBURY, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 19 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 824. WOODBURY, t. Litchfield co. Ct. IG m. S. from latehfield. Pop. 2,045. WOODBURY, t. and cap. Gloucester co. N. J. 9 m. S. from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a Quaker meeting-houso, and upwards of 100 houses. WOODFORD, t. Bennington co. Vt. 8 m. E. from Bennington. Pop. 395. WOODFORD, CO. central part of Ken. Pop. 12,294. Chief town, Versailles. WOODSBOROUGH, t. Frederick co. Md. 11m. NF, from Fredericktown. WOODSFIEIiD, t. and cap. Monroe co, Ohio, 31 m. SW. from St. Clairsville, 35 m. N. from Marietta, 294 from W. Pop. 157, WOODS, Lake of the, lake of N, America, 90 m. long, and 30 where broadest, but very irregular in its shape. It lies Ixitween the Winni|)cg and Lake Superior, chiefly in U. C. but tlic S. jiart is in the territory of the U. S. The lands on its banks arc covered with oaks, pines, firs, &c. Wf)ODSTOCK, t. Oxford co. Me. 8 m. N. from Paris, Pop. 573. WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Windsor co. Vt. 14 m. NW. from Windsor, 47 S. from Montpelier. Pop. 3,044. Here is a pleasant and handsome village, situated on the Water- qmecliy, containing a court-house, a jail, and a Congregational meeting-house, and it has some trade. WOODSTOCK, t. Windham co. Ct. 6 m. N. from Pomfret,40 ENE. from Hartford. Pop. 2,928. It consists of 3 parishes, is a valuable agric!iltnral town, and contains an academy. WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Shenandoah co. Va. 12 m. SSW. from Strasburg, 30 SSW. from Winchester. It is a pleasant town, and con- tains a handsome stone court-house, a jail, an academy, a market-house, 4 houses of public worship, for German Lutherans, Presbyterians, 444 WOO^WYT f''''.' U! Si in 1 ^l ' ^ EpiRcnptilians, and Mnthodiat<3, niid almut 600 inhnbitantx. W(M)1>ST(X;K, t. Ulster c.o. N. Y. 14 rii. NW. from Kiui^sfon. Hero urc iron workM, and 3 (rlaiw mannflictoricH. W(K)DST(X;K, t. Ilydo co. N.C. Wt)ODSTOWN, V. Suhii.i en. N. J. It is a plcamtnt place, rnntiiiiiH n (Quaker iiiocting- houHc, and idmiit HO (IwnlliiifrR, WOODVILLE, V. Jcrtcrson co. N.Y. 158 m. NW. from Albany. WOODVILLE, V. in the western angle of Culpepcr CO. Va. 1)8 m. SW, by W. from W. and 128 NNW. from Richmond. WOODVILLE, V, on Pamunky r. Han- over CO. Va. 30 m. a little W. of N. from Rich- mond. WOODVILLE, V, PcrqtiimanB co. N. C. 231 m. NE. by E. from Raleifrli. WOODVILLE, v. Warren co. Ten. about 20 m. E. from Murfreesborough. WOODVILLE, V, and seat of justice, Wil- kinson co. Mis. 38 m. a little E. of S. from Natchez. Pop, about 700. The vicinity of Woodville, watered by tlic .branches of Ruftulo and Bayou Sara, is one of the most j>ro(luctivc cotton tract* in Mississippi or Louisiana. l)is. tanccfrom W, 1,182 m. WOOLWIOH, t. Lincoln co. Mc. on the Kenncbcck, opposite Bath, 7 ni.W. from Wis- cassct, 1.52 NE. from Boston, (J20 from VV. Pop. 1,484. WOOLWICH, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 3,033. WOOSTER, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ohio, at the head of navigation on the Killbuc'c, 4.'> m. S. from Lake Erie, 65 N. from Zanesvillc, 123 W. from Pittsburg, .370 from W. Lnt.40o 46' N. It is regularly laid out, and contuuis a bank, a land-office, a printing-office, and 977 inhabitants. Two m. NW. of the town a well for Bait water has been sunk 280 ibct deep. It fhrnishcs very salt water in large quantities. WORCESTER, t. Washington co. Vt. 10 m. N. from Montpelier. Pop. 432. WORCESTER, t. and cap'. Worcester co. Mass. 39 m. NNW. from Providence, 40 W. by S. from Boston, 295 from W. Pop. 4,172. It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, a bank, 2 paper-mills, 2 printing-offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspaper, and 3 houses of public worehip, 2 for Congre- gationalists, and 1 for Baptists. It is pleas- antly situated, and is the largest inland town in New England, and is a place of much wealth and trade. The principal street is upwards of a mile in length. The town is handsomely built, and the neighboring country is very pleasant and well cultivated. Here is the li- brary of the American Antiquarian Society, consiating of 6,000 volumes. A State Insane Asyhmi has recently been established here. A cattle show is held here annually. It has a communication with the waters of Narraga - Bet Bay by the Blackstonc canal. WORCESTER, co. Md. bounded N. by Delaware, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Virginia, and W. by Somerset co. Pop. 18,271. Chief town, SnowhilL WORCriSTER, rn. Mass. Imtmdrd N. by New KairipMliiri', I'!, by Midiilcsrx and Nor- folk f'os. S. Iiy Ifhiwle Isiniid and ( 'oiincrtieut, and W. by llanipdi ti, llanipsliire, and Frank- lin CO* l'R'l"riIN(JTON, t. Ilampshirc co. Mass. 20 III. WN VV. from NorUiampton, 100 W. I'roiii Boston. WORTHINtJTON v. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Whttstone, 9 m. NNE. from Columbus. Its situat; fine liiiti'ls which afl'ord excellent acconimiNla- (ions tiir vi>iny, iiiiii 10 liniiWK nP public worMliip, for KpiHcopulians, KnjfliHli PrcHbyti-- riaiiB.itiTiiian l'rcMl)ytiriuMH,(iermttii Liitlior- nni^ lloniaii ('nthnlicK, IVfuthrMliHtH, FritiutN, and Moruviunfl. A Inrj,')' nuinlHT ot" tlio Iiouh(;h here arc handHoniu and Hpacioim HtriicturcH of briok. YORK, CO. E. side of Vn. bonndrd N. by York river, K. I)y ( 'besa()tNiki! Hay, S. by Kli/a- bctlil'ity, Warwick, and JaniosC'ity coh. and W. by JamcB City co. Pop. 5,354. Chief town, Yorktown. YORK, a short and navifrablo river, Va. formed by the union of the Paninnky and Mat. tu|>ony. It flowB intotlioChcHuiHiakc, oppoHitc Cape Charles. YORK, t Athens CO. Ohio. Pop. 871. YORK, t. Relmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,420. YORK, district, N partofa.C. Pop.l7^785. YORK, t. and cap. York district, S. C. 30 m. N. from Columbia, 438 from W. YORK BAY, a bay on tJie SW. coast of the island of St. Vincent, 2 m. NW. from Kingston Bay. YORK FORT, fort at the mouth of Nelson's river, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 92° 46' W. ; kt. 57° 2' N. YORK HAVEN, v. York co. Pa. ' YORK SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Adams CO. Pa. YORKTOWN, or York, t. port of entry, and cap. York co. Va. on S. side of York river, 12 m. ESE. from Williamsburg, 29 N W. from Norfolk, 7a ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76° 52' W. ; lat. 37° 22' N. Pop. about 1,000. York river affords at this town the best harlwr in Vir- ginia. It is contracted hero to the width of a mile, and is inclosed within very high banks, under which the largest vesacla may ride with safety. It is a place of some trudc. This town is memorable for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army by the Americans, un- der Gen. Washington, on the IDtli of October, 1781. YOUNG POINT, cape on the E. const of St. Vincent Lon. 61° 9' W. ; lat 13° 12' N. . YOUHIOGENY, river of Pennsylvania and Maryland, rises in the extreme south-western angle of Maryland, between the sources of Po- tomac and Cheat rivers. Pursuing a northern course over the western border of Maryland, it enters Pennsylvania on tlic E. side of the I,au rel Hills, and piercing botli them and the Ches. nut Ridge, flows thence in a NW. direction, and empties into the Monongahela 15 m. above, or S. of Pittsburg. YOUNGSTOWN,v. on Niagara river, Ni agara co. N. Y. 5 m. N. from Lewiston, and 20 NW.by W. from Lockport YOUNGSTOWN, v. Westmoreland co.Pa. at the western footof Chc«nu» f; 'Tf, II ni. H (V«im (irreuBburg, and l,>t* v i^-'n llarris- l.urg. VOUN(JSTOWN,tin ''-it*.'. 4:^ co.(iliio, on a branch of Big Ilcnv«T .1,8 ni. NK. of Caiificld, andttlMUitlU) N. by W.of Pitl»h> ig. Pop. I,3H4. YOUN(JSVILLE, V. Worrcn co. Pa. 328 m. NW. fVom Harrisburg. Y I 'C A'I'A N, ix-niiiHuIn and state of Mexico, lioimdcd by the (iidf of Mexico N W. and N. by the ("ariblican sea E. by central America S. and by ('liia|ia and TuliaHCo SW. Length from SW. to Nil. 50(1 m. mean width KiO; and area H(),000 sq. nis. " The jKniinsula of Yncalnn,"sayH Huinlwidt," of which the nortli- ern coast, from <'a|n! Catochc, to the Punta do Picdras, 240 m. is a vast i)liiin, intersected in its interior by a chain of hills of little eleva- tion." Though onportH duriiiu; tin- Year cndinff Sep- tember yO, 1820 ; nnd llw. Tonnnffe reckoned on the MUt of Dccrmher, 1828. • Vnliin of RxportH. TolHl Vlllllf! Statei and Torri- toriuM. Viiliiu (if Ini- portH. i)t" Ddiiic'Hlir mill l''iirrit;ii Tonx and tUtllK. KdllM'Mtic Foreign Friiiliir.e. I'riMliicc. I'mdiici;. Maine . . . *742,7H1 * 72!),l()(i !§! 8,726 * 737,h:{2 2:i2,9:J9 :n N. llainpshiro 179,88}) 98,2(M 7,476 105,740 26,2.5:$ 18 Vonnont . . 2()r),:«)2 8()H,()79 , , 80H,079 7(n 61 MasHacliUHotts 12,r)20,7H 3,919,751 4,30.5,186 8,2.54,937 424,511 m Rh(xlu Isluud 42:^,811 :j:J7,4(i8 .52,913 3<)0,.3.Sl 'VA,mi 61 Connecticut . 3()9,r):{H •45(),{H5 f5,895 4.57,970 fiO,8.59 .57 New York . *1,743,M07 12,0:M),.5(J1 8,082,450 20,119,011 a5.5,.5:w .55 Now Jersey . 78(),247 8,022 . , 8,022 i4H,772 19 Pennsylvania 10,l(K),ir)2 2,617,1.52 1,472,873 4,089,9:15 104,114 43 Delaware . . 24,179 7,195 • • 7,1{)5 i:V213 41 Maryland . . 4,804,1:^) 3,662,273 1,142,192 4,804,4f)5 170,947 71 Columbia Dist. 2().'),92l 914,285 13,812 928,097 2:$,2:$2 72 Virginia . . 39.'>,8r)2 3,783,493 3,938 3,787,431 67,:302 10 North Carolina 283,:M7 564,-506 • • 5»>4,,506 .54,094 45 South Carolina 1,139,618 8,1.34,676 40,910 8,175,-586 33,688 73 Georgia . . 380,293 4,980,642 734 4.981,:}76 13,9.59 24 Alabama . . 23:1,720 1,679,385 14,,573 1,69:3,9.58 10,473 02 Louisiana . . 6,857,209 10,898,183 1,487,877 12,386,060 51,903 8:3 Ohio . . . 293 2,004 • • 2,004 2,:388 a5 Michigan Ten 2,957 • « • • , , 470 93 Florida . . 1.53,642 38,163 17,923 .56,086 2,781 91 1,741,:391 Total . . 74,492,.527 .55,7(K),193 1(),().58,478 72,.358,()71 IJ. — Compensation to Officers of the Army, including Pay, Subsistence, Forage, Fuel, Quarters, and Expense for Servants. Major General . . Brigadier General Adjutant General . Inspector General . Com'y Gen. of Sub. Col. of Ordnance . Lieut Col. of Ord, Colonel .... Lieut. Colonel . . Ptw month. 544,-58^ .370,12i 269,54 233,04 261,-54 261,-54 220,(M) 246,54 20.5,(K) I IVr ann. 6,,5.T>,0() i 4,441,50 3,234,48 2,796,48 3,1:38,48 3,1:38,48 2,f>40,00 2,958,48 2,460,(H) Maj. of Staff Major . . . Surgeon . . Assa Surgeon Capt. of Ord. Captain . . Lieut, of Ord. Ist Lieutenant 2d Lieutenant Per month 176,49J 182,83;' 125,83| 1()2,;37; 142,87S i:32,87| 115,89| 112,.5f5;^ 107,.56| For ann. 2,117,92 2,194,00 1,510,00 1,228,.50 1,714,50 1,.594,.50 1,:390,74 1,:3.50,75 1,290,75 448 APPENDIX. h.'f'tSA ' •■ III.— INSPECTIONS OF FLOUR. Inspections of Wfieat and Rye Flbiir and Corn Meal in the principal Ports of United States, for the year ending September 30, 1830 ; also the amount fir preceding nine years. the the riacps. WJieat Flour. Rye Flour. «;orn Mf al. | Albany, New York New York . . . Philadelphia . . Baltimore . . . Georgetown, D. C. Alexandria, D. C. Fredericksburg, Va. Falmouth, Va. . . ' Richmond, Va. Petersburgh, &-c. . New Orleans, . . Uarrel;). 43,215 827,370 473,876 597,804 139,713 187,432 79,336 46,406 251,024 72,000 133,700 UurrelB. 15,191 21,712 4,436 • • 1 10,316 7,498 558 • • buirels. 9,663 19,949 5,458 Total, 1830 . 1829 . 1828 . " 1827 . 1826 . 1825 . 1824 . 1823 . . 1822 . . 1821 . . 2,851,876 2,255,132 2,245,257 2,061,459 2,031,558 1,882,611 1,714,410 1,557,724 1,599,973 l,707,a50 41,351 77,945 55,239 34,4S7 27,282 57,419 68,380 75,620 59,363 43,976 18,372 17,891 19,178 16,869 18,619 14,781 17,192 14,705 15,157 17,449 35,070 51,666 78,958 51,192 36,979 51,297 70,415 36,863 32,274 40,693 IV. — Table shou'.ig the whole Quantity of Land, in those States and Territories in which Public Land is situated ; the Quantity of Public Land to which the Indian title had been extinguished June 30, 1828 ; and the Quantity to which it had not been extinguished June 30, 1828. State or Territory. Tennessee Mississippi Indiana Ohio Ix)uisiana Illinois Michigan Territory (peninsular) Arkansas do. .... . Missouri , Florida Territory . . . , Alabama Territory of Huron lying west of lake Michigan andeast of the Mississippi river . . . Great Western Territory, eX' te*>.ding from the Mississippi river to the Pacific ocean . Add quantity to whicli the In- dian title IB extinguished . Total acres belonging to the Unitwl States Whole quail tjty of land in eacli State or Territory. ACRES. 26,432,000 31,074,234 22,459,669 24,810,246 31,463,040 35,941,902 24,939,870 28,899,520 39,119,019 35,286,760 34,001,226 334,627486 56,804,854 750,000,000 1,140,432,330 Cluaiitlty of land belonging to the U. States, to which the In- dian title is ex- tinguished. 3,0(K),000 11,514,517 12,308,455 4,984,348 25,364,197 23,575,300 16,393,420 26,770,941 a5,263,541 29,728,300 19,709,679 Quantity of land belonging to the U. States, to which the In- dian title is not extinguished. 205,672,698 16,885,760 5,335,632 409,501 none 6,424,640 7,378,400 none none 4.032,640 9,519,066 49,085,639 56,804,834 750,000,000 85(),7yO,473 20.^672,698 1,062,403,171 of the fir Ihe m 366 958 192 ,979 ,297 ,415 ,,863 !,274 ),693^ rrritories in h the Indian :h it had not Lity 'longing States,) the In-I |e is not) 1 1H22 1823 1824 1825 1820 1827 1828 1829 18:30 1831 1832 95 75,169,974 81,642,272 77,399,909 82,0(»;),167 74,731,rj22 85,353,043 5(),732,379 53,156,5;32 4i^,035,123 55,007,452 123,016,375 115,807,805 91,015,566 89,987,427 93,546,670 90,375,877 90,269,777 83,788,432 81,054,059 73,987,357 67,475,622 58,:3(J2,135 48,565,405 24,322,235 f There was Home increase of the Debt in each of these six years, ex- K cept 17'J4, in which tlierc was a reduction of it. I The Debt was jiicroascd in consequence of the; military preparations > auainst France, before the year 1801, when Mr. Juliurson's adininistru \ tiun commenced. ) The Debt was increased by the purchase of liouisiana, in 1803, for the ( sum of $15,000,000. Mr. Jelterson's udniinistraliou ended March 3, IHOO. r The Debt was at its lowest amount in 1812, in Mr. Madison's admin . ' tration, and before tlie war. The Debt greatly augmented by the war;— highest amount in 1816. Mr. Monroe's administration. Uapid reduction of the Debt since 181U, the receipts from the customs, &,c. being large. The Debt increased in consequence of the purchase of Florida, in ^ 1821, for the^sum of $5,000,000; and a diminution in the receipts from ' the customs, '-tc. in the years 1820, 1821, &c. Mr. Monroe's adiuinistra tion ended in iS2a. Mr. Adams's administration commenced on the 4th of March, 1825, ' and ended on the 3d of March, 1829. General Ar ' ew Jackson's 'niinistration began March 4th, 1829. VI.— SLAVES IN THE UNITED STATES. Number of Slaves in the United States, according- to Five Official Enumerations, States. Maine .... New Hampshire . Vermont .... Massachusetts . . Rhode Island . • Connecticut ... New York ... New Jersey ... Pennsylvania - - Delaware ... Maryland ... Virginia .... North Carolina - . South Carolina . - Georgia .... Alabama .... Mississippi ... Louisiana ... Tennessee - - - Kentucky - - . Ohio Indiana - - Illinois .... Missouri .... District of Columbia Michigan Territory Arkansas Territory Florida Territory - Total". ■ ■ - Slaves, 1700. - 158 - 16 - . - 948 - 2,7G4 21,324 11,423 - 3,737 - 8,887 103,030 292,627 100,572 107,094 29,264 12,430 3,417 fi!l7,ti97- Slaves, IHOO. . . . 380 . 951 20,613 12,422 - 1,706 - 6,153 108,554 346,968 133,290 146,151 59,699 . 3,489 Slaves, 1810. 13,584 40,343 135 896,849 . - . 108 . 310 15,017 10,851 - 795 4,177 111,502 392,518 168,824 196,365 105,218 17,088 34,660 44,535 80,561 - . . 237 - 168 3,011 5,395 ■ 24 1,191,364 Slaves, 1820. - - 48 . . 97 . 10,088 . 7,557 - . 211 . 4,509 - 107,398 - 425,153 . 205,017 - 258,475 - 149,656 5 41,879 \ 32,814 - 69,064 - 80,107 . 126,732 . . . . 190 . 917 10,222 6,377 . . 1,617 1,538,06/1 Slaves, 1830. . - . . . . . . . . . . - - 14 . . 23 . - 46 - 2,246 . . 386 - 3,305 - 102,878 - 469,724 . 246,462 . 315,665 - 217,470 . 117,294 - 65,659 . 109,631 - 142,382 . 165,350 . . . . . . . . 746 - 24,990 . 6,050 . . 27 - 4,578 2,010,43P 1 450 APPENDIX. VII.— NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES 100 YEARS OLD. Table showing the number of Persons of the several classes, who were One Hundred Years old and tipwards, according to the Census of 1830. States uiid White Wlii'.u Slaves. Free i. James Bathurst, Lieut. Oov. Nathaniel Blackwell. Sir P. Steward, Lieut. Oov. Sir James Carm. Smyth. Stephen R. Chapman. Lewis Gkant. Sir Benjamin D'Urban. Henry Beard, Lieut. Oov. Sir G. Lowry Cole. Sir Charles Colville. i,000 ,,500 (,(100 XI.— BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES. Provinces. Population. Governors. Lower Canada. . .(IKU) ffnnnr Tniir In /iH^TH 511,919 220,807 123,848 74.191 80,000 24.IMI0 Lord Aylmer, Ooremor Oeiieral. Sir John Colbnrnn, Lirutrnant Oovemor. Sir Peregrine Maitland, Lieutenant Oovemor. Sir Archibald Caiiipl>ell, Lieutenant Oovemor. Sir Thomas J. (Jochrano, Oonernor. Sir Murray Maxwell, Linitrnani Qoi^emor. ISJnvn fit<*ntin ('l>^^T^. . Prince Edward Islniid 452 APPENDIX. ... iiiv XII. — Statement showing the Names and Numbers of the different Tribes of Indians now remaining within the limits of the several States and Territories, and the quantity of Land claimed by them respectively. Number Number of Niimbor Number of TRIBES. of oiich Acrr!4 ciniined TRIBES. of each Acres claimed TrilM'. by <'iic;li Tribe. Tribe. by each Tribe. Maine. Indiana and Illinoi S. St. John's Indians ) . 300 Pottawatamies and Passamaquoddies 379 100 Chippewas . . . 3,900 Penobscots . . 277 956 92,160 92,2(J0 MassachusetL s. Georgia Sl Alabamt I. Marshpee . . . 320 Creeks .' . . . . 20,000 9,537,920 Herring Pond 40 / Martlia's Vineyar d . 340 Georgia, Alabama, i 5t Troy . . . . 50 Tennessee. Cherokees . . . 9,000 Alabama. 7,272,576 750 Rhode Island , Narragansett . • 420 3,000 ■ ■ Tennessee. 1,055,060 Connecticut. Mississippi and Mohegan . . 300 4,000 Alabama, Stonington 50 300 Choctaws . . . 21,000 Groton . . . 50 Mississippi. • 400 4,300 New York. Chickasaws . . . 3,625 15,705,000 Senecas . . . 2,325 Tuscaroras . 253 Florida Territory • Oneidas . . . l,0f)6 Seminoles and Other s. 5,000 4,032,640 Onondagas . 446 Cayugas . . 90 246,675 Louisiana. ; Stockbridge . 273 Billoxie . . . " 55 Brotherton 360 Apolashe . 45 St. Regis Indians 300 Pascagoula 111 27 36 Virginia. 5,143 246,675 Addees . . Yaltasse . Nottaways . . 47 27,000 Coshattees Caddow . ■ 180 450 South Carolina a. Delawares 51 Catawbaa . . . . 450 144,000 Clioctaws . Shav.anees 178 110 Ohio. Natchitoches 25 Wyandotts . . . 542 163,840 Quapaws . 8 Shawanees . Senecas . . . . 800 . . 551 117,615 55,505 Piankesliaws 27 1,313 Delawares . . 80 5,760 Missouri. Ottowas , . . . 377 50,581 Delawares . . T7"' 1 1,800 21,120 2,350 393,301 Kickapoos . . . 2,200 9,u(H) Michigan Terril 'ory. ^.^ ^H^ •*.^fy^..r x^ ^h Shawanees . . 1,383 14,080 Wyandscotts . . . 7 ■k Weas .... . 327 Pottawatamies Chippewas &. Ott 136 xwas 18,473 [7,057,920 Ilioways . . . 1,100 5,810 44,800 Menonieenees . 3,900 Missouri and Arkai I- Winnebagoes . 5,80() J SOS Territory. OsJiges Piankeshaws . . . ^ on/\ 3,491,840 Indiana. Miami and Eel I 28,316 Liver 7,057,920 5,200 207 5,407 3,491,840 Indians . , . . 1,073 10,104,000 Arkaiisas Territory Cherokees . . . 6,000 4,000,000 Illinois. Quapaws . . . . 700 Menomeonees . . 270 > Choctaws . : . . 8,858,560 Kask.iskiiis Sauks and Foxes . . 36 . 0,400 \ 5,314,560 6,700 12,85H,5()(> 6,7(H)| 5,314,5(H) Total . . . . 129,266 77,402,31H APPENDIX. 453 hdians ind the ber of I claiiiiedl li Trilm. 537,920 ihamn. i 272,576| messee. ,055,000 .,705,000 1,032,640 21,1201 9,()0() 14,080 44,H0(J 3,491,840 3;49i;340 4,000,000 8,858,560 L2;85H;5(iri r7,402,:UH XIIL— COMMERCE OP THE UNITED STATES, laSO. Commerce of the United States, exhibiting the Value of every description of Im- ports from, and Exports to, each Foreign Country, during the year ending iiOth September, 1830. COUNTRIES. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 If) 17 18 1!) 20 21 22 23 24 2.5 26 27 28, 29 30 31 33 33 34 3." Iti 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4.5 4G 47 48 49 .T- .51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Russia Prussia Sweden and Norway Svvedibh West Indies Denmark Danisii West Indies Netherlands Dutch East Indies Dutch West Indies . England Scotland Ireland Gibraltar British East Indies British West Indies Newfoundland British .American Colonies British Africnn port:i Other Britiuli (Jolonios . . .,, Hansc Towns France on the Ai'.mtic France on the Mndi'crrancnu. . . French Wcsi. Indies French Africnn ports Spain on the Atlantic Spain on the MeditorrE,.ne;in . . . . TeneriflFc, and otiier Canaries . . . Manilla, and Philippine isi.mds. . Cuba Other Spanish West Indies Portucfal Madeira Fayal, and other Azores Cape de Vcrd Islands Italy Sicily Trieste, and other Adriatic mrta. Ragusa, and the Seven Islands . . Turkey, &c Hay ti Mexico Central Rcp'. I V. . Colombia . Honduras Brazil Argentine Republic Cisplatine Republic Chili Peru South America, generally China Asia, generally West Indies, generally East Indies, generally Europe, generally Africa, generally Cape of Good Hojw South Seas Northwest coast of America . . . , Value of Import*. 1,621,899 16,605 1,168,110 230,530 5,384 1,665,834 888,408 181,848 286,509 22,755,040 1,382,841 381,.333 90,028 1,37337 168,579 650,303 2,300 1,263 1,873,278 6,831,015 891,183 518,687 461,267 543,271 99,878 384,887 .'),577,230 1,307,148 16.5,321 239,6.52 32,912 .'?3,758 940,254 .3,740 132,0i;3 417,392 1,597,140 5,2.'»5,241 302,833 1,120,095 1,472 9,491,460 1,431 883 Valne oT KxportH. l)omi!iitic protlucu. 182,585 972,884 40,269 3,878,141 98,451 7,386 394 172,861 20,748 Total.... I 70,876,920 Fori- IK II pnnlure. 35,461 16,501 181,353 552,700 76,292 1,688,022 3,354,55] 63,273 319,495 23,77.3,020 1,465,211 261,687 51.3,248 93,731 140 3,650,031 1,-549,732 9,18.3,894 717,252 792,241 5,931 538,956 145,556 19,040 39,129 3,439,060 245,636 43,408 155,719 6,(i49 50,560 326,239 300,859 75,801 714,79] 985,764 138,456 31 '5,7.32 2.5,^2 1,600,999 425,220 915,718 32,400 9,190 156,290 56,318 242,114 16.090 96,867 91,178 28,392 .59,4627i2ir 381,114 189.'i49 37,727 29,048 220,723 675,.527 107,293 42,298 826,946 2,488 .370,1.50 553,126 1,761 136,342 72.5,148 661,925 430,888 13,.528 579 61,327 610 54,539 1,477,675 27,523 1,803 12,358 ],524 7,778 414,121 293,261 337,539 108,387 3,851,694 111,662 180,258 5,433 242,239 204,607 690,396 39,409 170 585,903 229,290 5,010 99,65.? 52,236 6,764 ^2^,698 14;387,479 416,575 16,501 371, .302 590,427 105,340 1,908,745 4,030,078 170,566 361,793 24,.599,966 1,467,699 261,687 88.3,3!)8 64(;,857 1,901 3,786,373 2,271,880 9,84.5,819 1,148,140 805,769 6,510 600,28*^ 145,55(; 19,6.50 93,668 4,!)] 6,7.35 27.3,1.59 4.5,911 168,077 8,173 58,338 740,360 594,120 413,340 893,178 4,837,458 950,118 496,!»90 30,564 1,843,938 699,887 1,536,114 71,802 9,36^ 7i2,193 28.5,608 247,124 38,743 149,103 27,942 53,090 73,849,508 454 APPENDIX HW^ ^' XIV.— COMMERCE OF EACHl S'PATE AND TERRITORY. « u e Oi ab '.-? c, «o r-i ci6 m . 00 I- r ■5 2; 'Si oto no c m I- pH rt ' -i" m -^ i- cj. ' i-i CI . "O t-^ ^ Ci, 1 1 t h 1 03 t-or^of to co" J >>. 1 «o O CO, t-» . • • i 1 3 e co «o' >-H cf rH B ui CO to 00 eo o CI o 2Pa t-" of -^ irT i-J" :l I I ■ 1 ■ I i?5 1-^ Q > o> "* to. l-H Hi 2 t-t '"' s gS .SSSS§2 .§S2G5§i .g? o i- CI CI H M B S O «0 ' r- Cl OS i-H rH i-l ' O CO ^- I-' Ci. ' i-H r-ffl tOf-Tco o eo ot-rn -t« co • It CO ^ fa, CI • to t- CO o • 00 cj • UO I t I r- .O O <> l« rH CO to '^r t- s g B eo' «5" r-T 1^ cf •4 > «0 ffS '.O (?l lO O 00 ■^ fM 00 UO 1-4 •< ? O i-H to irt 55 C5 iQ u? to rH t- .O 'O (?J (7» 55 ^ ooo ^ w . 00 t- 2J o' ^ Sf • «^>c o !• Id CO CO 00 oTtO »rt D 00 rj" -• rH r'l "JO s £ B m d '0 CO 00 t-r-(eo;jto 00 . . •^ . . ■! , C» , O , eo fO rH rH UO c{. ' • o, • ''■-:. c», ' c^l '-i^.-'^t^f^ o o o ■5=3 ifm o , , o ^. e« rH • • (js §S u ;2i CO 1^ OrHtOr.^»i^eO cf Oi co' UO 1 •«} • >-* itO '"^ 'COCOtO-OtO 00 1 1 *o S eo i-t (n d o I- "5)< -^ co^ ^t- 4J S to4 i-t CJ CI I •s^ a tootoouooeoMiaioor-rHt^cjooooi T5< 03 lO r^ t£5 rH »fl CJ CJ 'O I- Ci to rH O rH to o QOO -V ^1 ■^ . OD r^ 3b ■zs. rH v^ ^i^ =^ ■■^ '■'I'^l.G'i'^'-l''' '^'^l*^..^,® to. ' >J^ a-. rH i\i 4) o'eo'xi 00 to" "f I--' 00 CO ci crto'>-rco'i--'to'"cr cf rr'tO co" g45 g '& ■^ TS LO -ti O 00 I- to no CJ -i" »o to r.. to CJ to toirtcjeocj. t- «:ii-»»oco«^ioQo wT c< cf cj' -^ «o Tf r-T UO 1 o o S5 o o to CJ lO s,' IC C) 1- Tfi CJ I^ w :. ; CO -H >X. CI ^ ^ to CO o li^t-^wj o T)<_rH iQ 00 vo «-• aj_to^-.t (X) dcTo'co c6 a? -rf c^ rfi « rH ■^ CI O.CJ rH O,rHC0 to, cf rHd' §■ o C5 CI eo 1- t^ '"- 00 , O 'fi aO -^ rH l^ o' ns 2 rH eo l^ B O «- CI ICCJCO OrHOOOXO CO -^ rH O rH 53 s "m *^ . . Ci . I- , CJ T--' CI CI 'c eo CO rH rH 00 rH :T* X) a; aj to ' ' irt ' ' CJ. 'oo.'oeo ' o rH jo_Qo CJ. t-T t-^ i-T 1-,! in" cTocTto't^o r-<''0''C5'0 tO'CJ OrHtO' -H id '^OO o" ?-4_ fy'i b V Si rH ^ _ > rH rH ,_, ,-4 eo r-l l^ 00 ^ i u s B cf -''' ■*' 2 B g . tDaoc5t-tocox-^i--cieooo>-HC500QO i'OCJ''"'»''OQD05'^C5tOI— lOrH-i'OOCiO . c: 00 c a. t^ >o o -n* CJ o -* «o t^ 00 t^ 1.0 en ' o 00 -^ crs Ci t^l^-^ CI CO '^ •CiS «l C5 t- t^ li I- }" o cJ' 1^' 00 cf ci" vrT -^ co" 00 oo' i.o* nt^^m l-l to '* -^ 00 to CO ri (TJ CI IC to 00 rH T)< to a) • ■rS m rl CO -^ CJ ■^^ "0 CO rH CC CJ J-- rH eo Or^ '4 § l~- CI CI <:S 00 o ^ B O CO CC ^ V) CO i f-( eo CO . ■ • o > • ■ • • • ■ a ^ •M S d • • • s • • • •e.:i So 1^ ■ 1^1 c i c 1 6 1 is > c g . . . 6 :ij : ^■£'a-S5£ • S.i: o 2 S E 1 CO 1 ^H c J ,0 c II be d APPENDIX. 455 XV.— NAVIGATION OP THE UNITED STATES, 1830. NAVIGATION. — A Statement of the Tonnage of American and Foreign Ves- sels arriving from^ and departing to, each Foreign Country, during the year .ending 30th September, 1830. 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 1) 10 11 12 13 14 ir, 16 17 18 1!) 20 21 00 93 24 25 2G 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3.5 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Russia Prussia Sweden and Norway Swedish West Indies Deninari{ Danish West Indies Netherlands Dutch East Indies Dutch West Indies England Scotland Ireland Gibraltar • liritish East Indies , British West Indies Newfoundland British American Colonics British African ports Other British Colonics Hanse Towns Fri^ncc on the Atlantic France on the Mediterranean . . . French West Indies French African ports Spain on the Atlantic Spain on the Mediterranean . . . . Teneriffe, and otlier Canaries . . . Manilla, mid Philippine islands . . Cuba Other Spanish West Indies Portugal Madeira Fayal, and other Azores Cape dc Verd Islands Italy Sicily Trieste, and other Adriatic ports. Ragusa, and the Seven Islands . . Turkey, &.c Hayti Mexico Central Republic Colombia Honduras Brazil Argentine Republic Cisplatinc Repub'.ic Chili Peru South America, generally China Asia, generally West Indies, generally East Indies, general '/ . . E'iroite, generally Atncf i, generally Cape of Good Hope South Sens Northwest coast of America .... Total.. ffAVlUATJUN. Amerinn Tnnnifr. Knlrrnl inin tht; UnitPd 8t«tM. 13,681 372 1.5,144 10,406 877 38,767 42,998 662 12,047 199,972 5,784 5,494 3,346 4,806 22,428 452 130,527 396 17,259 79,459 15,406 25,928 16,288 10,920 1,762 2,774 97,644 19,031 12,287 3,212 634 1,253 5,062 1,697 4,332 345 3,668 18,513 22,062 4,560 13,514 68 38,005 6,584 236 304 3,276 394 8,598 1,679 2,288 1,904 2,730 15,3<»2 '967'>27 I>fl»rlfd from the ITnttcd Statfi. 3,492 232 3,502 19,960 1,923 52,535 35,220 1,.501 11,043 192,714 6,913 4,594 1.3,450 4,029 2,395 1,523 117,171 510 14,728 82,521 18,967 47,129 106 9,387 3,017 796 458 114,0.54 8,734 2,243 6,oao 244 2,628 6,626 135 4,662 2,887 19,.395 27,295 3,044 5,955 1,042 44,450 9,565 1,373 2,287 732 679 3,501 3,697 7,417 424 911 2,560 580 28,222 .522 971,760 Kntrreri Into tlic rntled Hiatri. 264 2,935 965 600 793 248 61, .3.55 12,560 6,949 275 4,002 8,488 4,061 205 5,945 122 12,954 625 114 137 Df i«rlH frnm lh« IJnlM num. 1,633 4,362 "l,076 ' 248 225 141 618 '131,900 264 2,023 984 849 4,515 320 124 58,589 7,707 2,570 14,267 10,262 6,014 1,074 4,325 11,356 489 184 137 418 282 1,748 3,551 62 601 116 155 280 290 1.33,436 456 APPENDIX. Rfp^f^^ i't^ri' li ^' '^" ^£ ■" ' ''A i '^ rf' XVI.— DIFFF.RENT CLASSES OF INHABITANTS, As ascertained by the Census of the United Stales for 1830. VVHITKS. Under 5 yc'iire of Age Of 5 and under 10 10 15 20 30 40 60 CO 70 80 90 15 20 30 40 50 m 70 80 90 100 " 100 and upwards Total Deaf & Dumb.. 5,325 Blind 3,9f)8 Aliens 106,761 Mains. 972,801 781,906 669,617 573,081 956,296 592,401 367,761 229,218 135,063 57,760 15,802 2,041 301 5,354,078 Ft'iimluH. 596,130 921,759 750,602 638,756 918,229 555.419 3.')5,979 223,477 131,284 58,327 17,432 2,522 238 5,170,154 The Deaf and Dumb and Blind White per- sons are not divided into Sexes. FKKR BLACKS. Under 10 years of Age Of 10 and under 24 " 24 " 36 " 36 " 55 " 55 " 100 " 100 and upwards Total SLAVES. Under 10 years of Age Of 10 and under 24 " 24 " 36 " 36 " 55 " 55 " 100 " 100 and upwards Total Mali'fl. 48,656 43,075 27,()59 22,267 11,507 279 ^53,443 Males. 353,498 312,.')67 185,.W5 118,880 41,515 747 Feinalos. 47,324 48,131 32,545 24,323 13,423 387 166,133 Fi'inalcH. 347,6f>8 308,770 185,784 111,889 41,437 680 Deaf & Dumb.. 750 Blind 1,463 1,012,822 Tho Colored Dumb, ami III divided into Blavus. 996,228 Deaf and lid are not Free xund GENERAL ABSTRACT. Total White Population 10,524,232 Do. Free niacka 319,576 Do. Slaves 2,009,050 Total Population of tlic United States 12,852,858 XVII.— LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS IN THE U. STATES. Miles. Missouri and Mississippi 4490 Do. to its junction with tlie Mississippi 3181 Mississippi proper, to its junction with the Missouri 1600 Do. to the (iulf of Mexico 2910 Arkansas River, a branch of the Mississippi 2170 St. Lawrence River, including the Lakes 2075 Platte River, a branch of the Missouri 1600 Red River, a branch of the Mississippi 1500 Ohio River,. . . .Do Do 1372 Columbia River, empties into the Pacific Ocean 1315 Kanzas River, a branch of the Missouri 1200 Yellow-stone, Do Do 1100 Teimessce River, a branch of the Ohio 756 Alabama River, empties into the Gulf of Mexico 575 (Cumberland River, a branch of the Ohio 570 Susquehannah River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 460 Illinois River, a branch of the Mississippi 430 Apalachicola River, empties into the Gulf of Mexico 425 St. John's River, New Brunswick, rises in Maine 415 C'onnecticut River, empties into Long Island Sound 410 Wabash River, a branch of tlie Ohio 360 Delaware River, empties into tlic Atlantic Ocean 355 James River, empties into Chesapeake Bay .350 Roanoke River, empties iiito Albemarle Sound 350 Great Pcdee River, emjrties into the Atlantic Ocean 350 Santpc River, Do Do 340 Potomac River, empties into Chesapeake Bay 335 Hudson Ri\er, empties into the xitlantic Ocean 320 ■ -■ - - , 300 290 Altamalia River, .... Do Do. Savannah River,... .Do Do. APPENDrX. 467 Miles. . .4490 .3181 .1600 .2910 , .2170 , .2075 , .1600 ..1500 ..1372 . .1315 ..1200 ..1100 ...756 ...575 . . .570 ...460 ...430 ...425 ...415 . . .410 ...360 ...355 ...350 ...350 ...350 ...340 ....335 , . . .320 , . . .300 , . . .290 XVIII.— HEIGHTS OP THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS AND lULLS IN ^ • . THE UNITED STATES. Feet. 1. liong Peak, tho higliest of the Rocky Mountains, Missouri Territory 12,000 ■ 2. James Peak Do Do 11,.500 3. Inferior Peaks of the Rocky Mountains, varying from 10,700 to 7,200 4. Mount Washington, tlio highest of the Wliitc Hills, Now Hampshire, 6,2.14 5. Inferior Peaks of tiic White Hills, varying from 5,328 to 4,356 6. Mooschillock Mountain, Grafton county. New Hampshire. . .^. 4,636 7. Mansfield or Chin Mountain, Chittenden county, Vermont 4,279 8. Camel's Rump Do Do 4,188 9. Shrewsbury Peak, Rutland county, Vermont 4,031 10. Saddleback Mountain, Hc^rkshire county, Massachusetts 4,000 11. Table Mountjiin, Pendl(!toii district. South Carolina 4,000 12. Peaks of Otter, Bedford county, Virginia 3,955 13. Killington Peak, Rutland county, Vermont 3,924 14. Round-Top, the highest of tlic Catskill Mountains, New York 3,804 15. High Peak, one of the Do Do 3,718 16. Grand Monadnock, Cheshire county. New Hampshire 3,718 17. Manchester Mountain, Dunnington coiuity, Vermont 3,706 18. Ascfitncy Mountain, Windsor county, Vermont 3,.320 19. Ozark Mountains, Arkansas Territory, average height 3,200 20. Wachusett Mountain, or Mount Adams, Worcester coimty, Massachusctta 2,990 21. Whiteface Mountain, Essex county, New York 2,690 22. Kearsarge Mountain, Hillsborough county, New Hampshire 2,461 23. Alleghany Mountains, average hciglvt 2,400 24. Porcupine Mountains, Chippeway country, south of Lake Superior 2,400 2.5. Cumberland Mountains, average height 2,200 26. Moose Mountain, New Hampshire 2,008 27. New Beacon, the highest of the Highlands, New York 1,658 28. Butter Hill, one of the Do..' Do 1,529 29. Grigg's Hill, Vermont 1,.')07 30. Mars Hill, Washington county, Maine 1,504 31. Bull Hill, one of the Highlands, New York • 1,464 32. Old Beacon Do. Do 1,471 33. Mauch (^hunk Mountain, Northampton coimty, Pennsylvania 1,460 34. Crows Nest, one of the Highlands, New York 1,418 3.5. Bare Mountain Do Do 1,350 36. Pocono Mountain, Northampton county, Pennsylvania 1,300 37. Mount Tom, Hampshire county, Massachusetts : 1,200 38. Blue Ridge, Pennsylvania 1,200 39. Breakneck Hill, one of the Highlands, New York 1,187 40. Blue HilL, Hartford county, Connecticut 1,000 41. Mount Holyoke, Hampshire county, Massachusetts . .990 42. Anthony's Nose, Putnam county, New York.- 935 XIX.— LENGTHS OF THE PRINCIPAL RAII^ROADS, (FINISHED OR IN PROGRESS,) IN THE U. STATES. Miles. Baltimore and Ohio; from Baltimore to Pittsburg 250 Massachusetts ; from Boston to Albany . . 200 Catskill to Ithaca, head of Cayuga Lake, New York 167 Charleston to Hamburg, on the Savannah river 1.35 Boston to Brattleborough, Vermont .... .114 Columbia and Piiiladelphia ; from Phila- delphia to York, Pennsylvania 96 Lexington and Ohio; froiU Lexington, Kentucky, to Cincinnati, Ohio 75 Camden and Amboy 60 Baltimore and Susquehannali 48 Boston and Providence 43 Baltimore and Washington 38 3H Miles. From Hollidaysburg to Johnstown, Penn- sylvania 37 Ithaca and Owego, New York 28 Hudson and Berkshire, Massachusetts. . . .2.5 Elizabethtown and Somerville, New Jersey 25 Lackawaxen ; from Honcsdale to Carbon- dale, Pennsylvania 17 Fronchtown and Newcastle 16 Albany and Schenectady 15 Pliil.idclphia and Norristown, Pennsyl- vania 15 Richmond and Chesterfield, Virginia 12 Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania 9 Hacrlcm 8 Quincy, Massachusetts 6 New Orleans. . . . , 5) 456 APPENDIX m XX.— LENCiTllS OF THE PRINCIPAI. CANxtLH, (FINISHED OR IN PRa GRESS,) IN THE U. STATES. MiUg. Erie Canal ; from Albany to Lake Erie 3f)3 . Chesapcakn and Ohio Canal ; from Washington City to Pittsburg 341 Grand Pennsylvania Canal ; from Columbia, on the Susquchannuh river, to Hollidays. burg, 172 miles — tlicnce to Johnstown by a Kail-road of 37 mile», over ''i" Alleghany mountains — from thence by Canal to Pittsburg, 104 miles . . .Total 31.1 Ohio State Cnnal ; from Portsniouth, on the Ohio river, to Cleveland, on J ^.,.t! Erie 306 Miami Cunal ; fr< cctive terms ani , and the mode of choosing Electors of President and Vice President, in tho severiu latea 158 Imports, Exports, and Tonnage of each Stato 447 Compensation to Officers of the Army, &.c ib. Inspections of Flour, UhHt •' (.Wine " Kostprt " 2. Nkw YoiiK TO Boston, yia I'rutukhce, U. I. Hell, or rriirl^nle JN. Y. frog Point " .SnniJH' Point " Norwiilk Ixinnd .. :/ Strailord Point Mew Iluvon Ijfrht-Iluusc .. . Fnidkiicr'H Islniul Sayl)nK)k. LijjIit-hoiiHo, moiitli of Connefiicut river iMX J\'e w Ijorulon Fishor'H iHlund, west end .... Watch Hill Light-Honso I'oint Jiidilli Brenion'8 Point J\'e wjxtrt " Prudence Island, south end. . " (-anonicut Point " Pawiucket river " Providence " Pawiucket Falls " AltleUirough Mass. Foxlwrough " \Val|)ole " Dcdliam " Boston " 3. Nkw York to Boston, Via Jforieich, Ct. Connecticut river, as in No. 2. CL JVlouih of Thames river " Mevvlyindon " (iales's Ferry " Worwioh Landing " 'Jewitt's City " Plainfleld " Slorling " Srituate R I. Johnson. " Providence " Boston, as No. 2 Maas. 4. New York to Bosto.n, Via Uarlfnrd, Ct. Mouth of Connecticut river, as before Ct Saybrook " Lyme " Haddam " Middletown " Wethcrsfield " Hartford " f Vernon " Tolland " Aihford " ;^ Pomfret CQ Thom|Mon " Douglas Mass. Dlilum. 45 P ■2. <, 3G G4 4ft ■JC, f) 3 r>i 4H 30 12 110 6 1) 5 20 15 13 14 If) 14 1 21 i) 10 2 9 5 6 4 8 6 2 11 10 "a a 81 115 19('i 175 180 ]8t) 190 198 2(H 20« 217 227 14 117 4 121 5 126 9 135 8 143 7 150 4 15^1 11 lf.5 7 172 8 180 41 221 103 2 105 5 110 10 120 12 132 11 143 5 148 11 159 7 166 10 176 12 188 8 196 11 107 13 fMendon Maim. § 1 Med way " ■^j Dedham " CQ (. Boston " 5. New York to Boston, fill M"/!!' Haunt nml Hartford. Nvv, Haven Liglit-hoiiHo, as lipfore Ct New Haven " Walliiiuford " MeridfU " Berlin " Ilarlli)rd " , Boston, as ljcl()ro Mass. 12 219 13 232 12 244 10 25-1 •^3 Ml 73 4 12 5 7 10 100 C. New York to Nkw Havkn, Via J^/'onca/k, Fairjirld. &-e. Hurl-fintc N.Y. Saw |)itrt " Horneiieck Ct SlJiui(i)r(l " Norwalk " 'iSngntuck " Fairlicid " „ Bridge|)<)rt " T ^ Slriitli)rd " Alilliird Now Haven 28 4 6 11 3 & 4 4 4 10 I.RANY. N.Y. 7. New York to A Maiihnttnnvillc Flirt Ij(!n , I'ort Washington , Fori Indoppiidenco .... ., Philli|)stown 'I'arrylown Siiigsing Ilavernlraw Stony Point Fort Fayette Si. Aiitlioiiy's Nose West Point Cold Spring New Windsor FiKlikill Newburg New Hamburg Milion Poughkccpsic IlydoPark Pelham Ksnpus Landing Khineliieck landing Kedhook Lower Landing. Do. Upi)cr do Clermont Catskill Hudson Coxsai'kie Kiiidcrhook Ivinding .... New Baltimore , Coeymans Schodac Landing Overrilaugh < Albany 8. PHILADEI.nilA TO NeW YoRK, Via Trenton, A". J. Bridesbiirg Pa. Burlington N.J. Bristol Pa. Bordentown N.J Trenton " 77 89 94 101 111 217 34 :w 44 55 58 63 67 71 75 85 6 12 1 10 7 18 19 29 36 H l: 401i APl'KNDIX. ^ < PrinTlim N.. I < KiiiRHUm " t f New Brunswink " Anilioy " Kliznbelhlown Point " The Kills N.Y. Now York " niitiora. 17 11 :) 1'^ i» 13 5 5 9. Philadelphia to New York, yia Bonltntuirn, Jj-e. Bonlentown N.J ('entrevillo " I < Higlitfllown '* & f (JmiilxTry " Wnnhingioii " Ainboy " New York N.Y. 29 10 4 3 9 11 23 10. PlIILADELnUA TO BaLTIMOUE, Via Cheaapcake and Delawnrr. Canal. FortMifllin Pa. Lo'/^rcttu " Chwtler " Mnrcus Hook " Cliristiaim treek Del. Newcosllo " Delaware (/ily " ■i t St ( Joor^e's " 8 ^ Summit Brill Ro " & t Chesajieake City Md. Mouth of Back croi'k " Turkey Point " (trove Point " PtK)l'8 IhIuIkI " Miller's Island " North Pomt " S()arrow'R Point " FortM'IIcnry " Baltimore " 8 5 5 4 8 .5 10 4 f> 4 3 8 6 16 8 8 4 fi 3 M f)'i 75 HH 93 98 39 43 4C 55 f)G 89 13 18 22 30 35 45 49 55 59 fi2 70 7« 92 1(X) lOH 112 118 121 11. Piiii.AnKLPiiiA TO Baltimore. Via J^eacaatls and Frcnr.htmrH Ititil Hoad. Newcastle Del. 35 Frenehtown, by the Rail Road Mil. 16 Turkey Point " 13 Baltimore " 51 12. Baltimore to Norfolk. FortMilenry Md. Sparrow's Point " NorthPoint " Bo'8 creek, Washing- ton's liirlh-place Va. Blurkslone's Island Md. Piney Point " Rojftir Point Va. Smith's Point, mouth of the Potomac " Norfolk " 9 .12 8 18 8 7 4 15 12 16 87 303 212 V>. Wasiiinoton to Riciimonii. To Nor(i)lk, as hcliire Va. 206 Richmond do " 116 16. CiiAni.KSTON TO Savannah. Sullivan's Island S. C. 5 Collin I^nnd Lipht-houso " 8 Stono river " 9 N. Kilisio river " 14 St. Helena S)und •' 10 Port Royal iMilnince " 26 CalilH)giio S)Uiid " 15 Tyliee Lii»ht-houHo . , , Ceo. 6 Savannah " 15 17. Savannah to AroMSTA. On.slow Island Ceo. 7 Purishurg S.C. 11 F.hcnezer C!eo. 10 Sisters' Ferry " 12 Hudson's Ferry " 13 BrinrC " 12 Burton's Ferry " I-l Dog Ferry " 25 Cray's Landing S.C. 14 Wullicon's Ferry f Jeo. 18 Augusta " 4 18. Mobile to Montoomerv. Florida Al. 33 Alabama river " 4 Fort Mims " 9 Little river " 13 Clailwme " :i8 Black's Bluff " 29 Blacksville " 14 Prairie Bluff " 30 Canton " 12 Portland " 20 Red Bluff " 7 Cahawba....; " 20 Sclma " 17 Vernon " 46 Washington " 15 Montgomery " 13 19. PiTTsnuRo TO New Orleans. Middletown Pa. 11 Economy " 8 Beaver " 10 220 227 239 2IM 2.')l 2f)3 269 271 276 28«'. 3IH'i 313 14 26 31 52 60 67 71 86 98 114 119 20C> ;«2 13 22 36 46 72 87 93 108 18 28 10 53 65 79 104 IIH i:i6 140 37 46 59 97 126 140 170 182 202 209 22*.» 246 292 307 320 19 29 APPENDIX. 403 It 26 31 Wi M f.7 71 KCi 2 98 f) 111 110 8 13 9 22 It tW 10 4C. Jt) 72 lij 87 ft 93 If) lOH 7 11 IH 10 28 12 10 13 W.\ 12 f.ri 14 79 as 104 14 118 18 13C, 4 110 33 4 37 9 if. 13 m ;<8 97 29 120 14 140 30 170 12 182 20 202 7 209 20 229 17 240 10 292 15 307 13 320 IS. 11 i 19 IG 29 fJoorgetown To. VVellHville Ohio Steuhonville " Wellsburg Vn. Warren Ohio Wheeling Vo. Klizabethtown " Sisterevillo " Newport Ohio Mnriettu " Vienna Vo. I'nrkembur)? " Iteiprc and UlcnnorhoiMot's I. Oliio 'I'roy Hcllevilie Vo. l.etArt'H llnpiilH " I'oint PienKaut Va. (inllipi)liH Ohio (iiiyandol Vn. Itiirhiigloii Oliio (ireeiiHliiirg Kcii. ( Concord Ohio I'ortHmouih " Alexandria " Vancohiirj; Kon. Manchester Ohio May«ville, Kon. and Ai)erd(!cn Ohio Charleston Km. Ripley Oiiio Augusta Ken. Ncvillo Ohio Moscow " Point Plciwint " New llicliinond " <'iilund)ia " (^inciiinali, Ohio, and Coving- loinind Newjiort Ken. North Bend Ohio Iiawrcncuburg In. Aurora " Petersburg Ken. Ilelievue " Rising 8un In. F'redericksiiurg Ken. Vcvay, In. and Ghent " Port William " Madison In. New Ijondon " IJcthlchcin " Westiwrt Ken. Tnnisylvania " Louisville, Ken. and JetFcr- Honville In. Falls of Ohio, Shii)ping8port . Ken. Clarksvillc In. Portland, Ken. and New Al- bany In. Salt river Ken. Northampton In. Leavenworth " Frcdonia " Stcphcnsport, Ken. and Rome In. Troy " Rockport " Owenborough Ken. Evansville In. Henderson Ken. Moimt Vernon In. Carthage Ken. Wabash river " Raleigh " Shuwncetown H- Battery Rock " Cavo-in-R(ak " Kirksvillo Kon. (>oliM)iida II' Sinithlaiiil, mouth ol' the Cum- berland river Ken nUUnrM. 42 13 7 20 7 r> 10 11 34 27 14 C 5 4 10 7 37 27 4 27 10 19 12 7 2 18 10 11 4 8 7 7 4 7 15 49 09 76 82 92 103 137 lO-t 178 184 189 193 203 210 217 271 278 305 315 331 310 353 355 373 389 loo 101 410 418 425 432 430 443 '158 8 400 15 481 8 489 2 491 2 493 8 501 2 503 18 521 11 8 12 8 7 532 5-10 15 5.55 .507 575 .582 15 597 12 009 2 Oil 1 012 2 014 22 030 18 051 17 071 2 073 32 705 25 730 16 740 12 7.58 36 794 12 80«'. 28 834 12 846 7 a53 5 858 6 804 11 875 10 8H5 5 8'.H) 15 905 10 91!i Padiicah, mouth of the Ten- nessee river Ken. 13 928 Belgrade II. 6 934 Americo " 28 962 Trinity " 6 968 Junction of the Misiiisiippi and Ohio rivers " 4 972 BeckwithB Mo. 12 984 Columbia Ken. 990 Mill's Point " 10 1006 Ilickinanton " 10 1016 New Madrid Ma 22 1038 Riddle's Point " 20*10.')8 Little Pmirio " 28 1080 Fulton Ten. .M 1137 Randolph " 21 11.58 CrcHiock A.T. 37 1195 MemphiH Ten. 10 1205 Si. Francis river A.T. 72 1277 Helena " 12 1289 Wiiitc river " 00 1319 Arkansas riv(T " 10 13.59 Villeniiint " .50 1409 Princeton Mi. 70 1479 Sparta I.a. 82 1.501 ^ll)l|lh of the V'lZoo river. .. Mi. 3 1.5»Vl Nicksburtf " 12 1.570 WarreiUon " 11 1.587 Palmyra " 7 1591 Point' Pleasont La. 9 1003 Rock|Kirt Mi. 13 1010 Bruinsburg " 111030 Rodney " 7 1037 Natchez " 45 1082 Fort Adams " .50 1738 Red river La. 11 17.52 Atclialalnyn river " 3 17.55 Tunica Bend " 27 1782 St. Fraiicisvilio and Point Cou|M'o " 23 1805 Baton Rouge " .''4 1839 Bayou PliKiuemines " 20 18.59 St. (iahriel's Church " 7 18<'>6 Doiinld.xonvilie " 21 1H87 (Jen. Hampton " 8 1895 Bringiers " 6 1901 Cantrel's Churches " 6 1907 Bonnet Quatre Church " 3119;« RedClmrch " 18 1956 New Orleans " 211977 20. New Orleans TO. St. Louts. Mouth of the Ohio river .... 1005 F.Ik Island 8 1013 l)ogliM)ih Island 8 1021 Knglish Island 14 1035 Cape (orardeau Mo. 111040 Bainbridgc, Mo. ond Ham- burg II. 10 1056 MuddyCreek " 15 1071 LaeoiisoH Isluiui " 16 1087 Mary'sCrcek II. 9 1096 Kaskaskin river " 6 1102 RiverauVoflcs Mo. 10 1112 StGenevieve " 9 1121 Fort Chartres II. 10 1 131 Rnshlsland " 10 1141. Ilerculancum Mo. 10 1151 Harrison 11. 1 11.52 Marrameck river Mo. 10 1102 Canmdolet »• 12 1174 St. Louis " 7 1181 21. New )iii,eansto Florence, A i.. Mouth of the Ohio river .... 1005 Trinity II. 4 1009 America " 6 1015 Belgrade " 28 1042 i f' 464 Pailuinh, moiiih of the Ton- nPHHco rivt^r r>iiiiHl'ii Kerry FVird'H h'crry IVipntvilU! !.. liny noliUburg I )urk river I'crryvillo (.'nm)llvilln f 'nflec Snvaniinh Wnterjoo I<«nr rrni-k Colbort's Ferry Florenre APPENDIX. Kea 41 Ten. Al. f) 1019 37 um 2'J 1115 5 ]l'M 36 11. Vi 18 1174 24 1198 27 122.') 26 1251 9 1260 25 1285 12 1297 14 1311 21 1335 22. Nkw Orleans to Nabhvillk. Afuiilh of the Ohio river .... America II. 10 IWgmde " 28 I'niliii-nh Ken. Sniithlnnil, ni'iii h of the Cum- l)erlanct river " 6 r.(lily\illc " .56 Canton " 20 Dover Ton. .'«) I'nimym " 31 Hcd river " 6 IhiriK'ih river " 20 Na.shville " 40 1005 1015 1043 1019 1 105 1125 ll.-);) 11 H<*, 1192 1212 1262 2.1. Nkw Ori.kanb to NATriiiTociiES. I^mnlilsvillo La. 90 llnton UoiiRo " 48 138 Mouth of Kcd river " 87 225 Uhuk river " 28 2.')3 Bayou .Sahne " 20 273 Alexnmlria " 56 329 Uegolct tie BoniJieu " 18 347 Bayou Cane " 36 .383 Natchitoches " 24 407 24. New Orleans to Modile. 5 20 19 10 15 10 6 7 9 45 25 44 54 69 79 a5 92 101 146 OF THE 19 13 4 6 4 .32 36 42 46 Ijikc Ponehartrain La. Point Aux llerbcs " T.akR Borf;ne " Malhereux IslnndH " Isles 8antn Marie " Catlsland " Ship Island " Hound Island " Pnsraf^ula Bay Mi. Mobile, by land Al. 25. New Orleans to the Mouth Mississippi river. Fort St Leon and Woodville. La. f ientility " (inrrcts " Plaquemines " Point La Hacho " Fort Jackson " Fort St. Philip " Fork of South Pass " I'ork of Pass k la Loutre .... " Balize " Frank's Island Light-house, and mouth of the Mississippi " 26. St. Loins to Franklin and Kanzas river. Choteau Island Mo. Missouri river " Belie F'onlaine *" Sioux Portage " St Charles " Femmc Osage river c Point Lookoff " Marthasville " Newport " Pinkney " Loutre Island " 23 69 4 25 73 98 6 104 5 109 5 114 10 7 17 4 21 7 28 12 40 17 57 9 66 14 80 6 .86 7 93 9 102 CnHrdniiilc river " ()Hnt!e river " JeilirMonCily " Marion " Koclierivcr " Boonvillo •• franklin " Kivcr il la Mine " Chariton " JoHerson « (irnnd river " Wyaconda ri v^r " Jioxington " Bliiinon " Fort Osngo " Liberty Lnniling *' Mouth of Knnzas river " 27. St. Louis to Galena Cholcnu Island Missouri river l'p|M?r Alton II. Illinoi.s river .... i " (Jilead " (•larksville Mo. I.()iiiHiaiin " i*^! verlon " Ilatuiihal " Kiver Fabiiis " Wyneonda " Fort Kd wards .. II. lliver des Moines Mo. Head of the Ilapids Henderson's river II. Pope's river " Fort Armstrong on Rock Isl.. Fever river " Galena..; " 28. Galena to Prairie du Ciiien. Mississippi river. Galena river. .. . Mo.T. TctodeMortC " Grant river M.T. Cassvillo " Ouisconsin river " Prairie du Chien " 29. St. Louis to Pekin, II. Choteau Island Mo. Missouri river " Upper Alton II. Illinois river " Monroe " Macaupin creek " Mauvnise Terre C " Beord'sTown " Sangamoin river " S|)o 38 231 17 . 251 47 2'.t8 42 340 8 318 hen. 8 . 15 23 9 32 9 41 8 49 30 79 2 81 10 7 17 7 24 14 38 7 45 10 55 47 102 15 117 16 133 20 153 27 180 16 10 26 13 39 18 57 18 75 17 92 11 103 28 131 .32 163 30 193 54 12 66 10 76 10 B64 20 106 6 112 12 124 *• ArPKNDIX 4(55 CANAL KOIITKS. » » • :i'J. Khik Canal. Ktalr. Albany N.Y. Went Troy " JiinclioM " Si'hriK'ilady " AiiiMtcrdiun " Siliolmrio rreok " < 'iiiinlnu'wugfi " S|>riiker"H Hnsiu " ("unajohnric " liovviniitrM iTfi'k " l.itllo Fulls llorkiiiicr " (joriimii Kliits " Fmnkforl " Vucn " WliiU'ulKirough " Onskuny " Itonie " Now Lunduii " Lonmin " Onpidii rrcek " Lenox Uiwin " (/nnaxloln " New BoHlOll " Chiltpiiiiigo " Kirkville " Miiiiliiis " Orville SyniniHO " (ii'ddcshiirf; " Nine Mile creek " Caniilius ' " Ciiiilon " Jordfin " Weed's I'ort Centre I'ort " I'ort Hyroii " Liike|K)rt " Clyde " LyniiH " l/iikvillo Newiirk " I'ort (;il)son " I'iilinvrn " Fair I'ort " Fiillani'H Basin " I'lllstbrd " Koehesler " Spencer's Basin " Oitden " Adams " Broek[)ort " Ifolley " Murray " Alhion " Portville " f)ak()rehurd " Medina " Middleiwrt " I/)eki)orl " Fendletoii " 'I'onne wanta " Blnek Itock Butthlo " 33. CllAMPLAlN Canai,. Albany N.Y. West Troy " Junetion " Watcrfbrd " Mechanicville " Stillwater Bemus Heights " Schuylerville " Ouard GaleH " Fort. Miller " Fort Edward 3t 7 21 ir> 7 4 •J 3 3 If) 7 2 3 10 4 3 H 7 I) 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 6 2 1 .<. f. fi I 2 »•) 11 9 fi 1 3 .5 11 2 fi 10 10 3 fi •I 2 8 4 .') 1 fi 12 7 12 H 3 7 2 2 8 4 3 9 2 3 8 7 7 30 IC) fi3 M (VJ 72 88 <.»;'> 01 KM) no lit 117 12.') 132 13H 111 111 ItC) l.W 151 l.W lf.2 IC..^. 171 173 179 180 18.) 191 197 198 200 201) 217 22() 232 233 23f) 211 2;')2 2.'^.! 2()0 270 280 282 28.0 2".H) 29.') 297 :<().'■) .309 314 31.') 321 333 :mo 3.52 3fiO 3f)3 9 11 19 23 2f) 37 40 48 Hut* niiltuc^. Kiiiu'slMiry N.Y. .'• f)3 Fort Atnie " 7 fiO Narrows " fi I'l*) Whileliall " fi 72 31. ( 'i.kvki.aM) ro I'oRTHMOtnii, vin Ohio Citnul. Cuvidioga .Aijneduel Ohio 22 Ohl ^orla^e '• 12 31 Akron •• 4 3H New I'ortogo " f) 43 Clinion " 11 M Masillon " 11 fiS Belldeheni " fi 71 BoliNar " H 79 Zoar " 3 82 Dover ■• 7 89 New I'hdndeliihia " 4 93 New ( 'oniers' Town " 22 1 1.') Coshoeton " 17 132 Irville " 2fi li')H Newark " 13 171 Hebron " 10 181 Lickiiii; Snnunit " 5 18fi Luncaster Canaan " 11 197 Coiinubus, side-cut " 18 21.') Bl(M)nilield " 8 223 Cireleville " 9 2:« Cbiliicoihe " 23 25.'i I'lketon " 2.') 280 Lncasville " 14 2">1 I'ortsnioMth " 13 307 3,5. Sliiuyi-kili, Navioation. Manayunk I'u. Norrisiown " I'henixville " I'ollHtown " rnionville " Bird.slH)rongh " lieadinir " llainbnrfr " I'ort Clinion " Sclinylkill Haven " I'oltsville I'ort Curl)on " 3(). U.MON Canai-, I'a Reading I'u. Bernville " Slouclif's Town " Myer's Town " Lel)anon " Tunnel " Water- Works •Swalara A(|neducl " Beiivep creek «' Middlelovvn " 37. 1'e.\.nsyi,vania Canal. Marietta Pa. Bainbridiie " Middle Town High Spire Town " Harrisbnrg " M'AUister's Town " Juniatta river " Millorstown " Mifflin " Irfiwistown " Waynesbnrc " Hainiltonviile " Huntingdon " Petersburg Alexandria " Fraiikstown " Ilollidaysbnrg, by rail-road, to .lohn's Town " Blairsville " Salf/.burg " Warren '. " Alleghany river " Freeport " Pittsburg " 8 9 13 II 4 fi 10 23 t 12 .5 2 4 9 3 3 -•i 18 9i 3 8 17 3 9 7 8 17 17 13 14 11 7 8 23 3 37 3^1 17 12 1.5 2 28 17 ») 14 48 ,5^1 (VI 87 91 103 1(18 110 Oit 44 47 .50 .'■.4A 72j 82 II 28 31 40 47 5.5 72 89 102 116 127 134 142 165 168 20ft 239 256 268 283 28ft 313 466 • AI'I'KNDIX. l.kS'l Ol- tiUMl^: Ul<' THE I'UiNCU'AL UOAIJS. Ifa'AiNAr'"" '" Hullmioii, Pliilmtrl Itliiii, Trruliin, M'eir Vttrk, .Viir lliirtH.lliiil.l'iiril, I'niiii/nirr. A'l ir 4^ port, H'i.i/ii«, I'lirl.-'iiniulh. I'url lanil, h'.ii.-^liKirt, ami Haiiijur. To Itliicleuiibiirg, Mil Milrn ( VhiihviIIh *^ '■• Uallimorr '« \f.i Joppii Cr Il'i lliiliiiiiMbiirK •') 11' llrJHtiil Ill IV MorriHVJilc HI H.7 Trrnlofi, N.J I W>* I'riiKi'liiii Ill ITf New llninswick Hi It'i llriilc'lovvii I'J '.>IH Klixnlictlitowii ^t'iW Nrwurk li -17 Jfnr York, N. Y U 'i.'l llarlfiin H tfM WcHi Knriiis 'I 'J> N<:w Kim:Iii;1Iu 7 '.MS Kv<' H'J <;re fltaiiifor.1 5y(i:i Norwiilk 9 i!7 !^auf.'iituck :i "' ruirWM 'Jt^l iiri(i)ff|)ort 4 ana Hlriitrnril 4 i!H' Millor.l 4 i!!t: JVrin IJanen 10 ;«):( MiTiiit'ii 17 :m Htrlin 7 :K7 llarlford 1" 337 KuMt HarlfonI 3 :<4ll 'J'ollniul 14 ;«4 Stair.ird I'onI 7 IJlil HliirliridKi'. Mass 15 370 Clmrllon li :iK2 VVorct!Ster 13 VX WcKllHiriiiij;!! 404 Franiiiigliain 11 4l.'i Newloi 11 4ai Ru.xliiiry 43;i Boston 3 4:i> vviiipiiic H \:u\ llnlliiiiii II 117 HoaloH 10 I.V By I'umfrel. Hartford, CI 3:n ( 'ovcnlry 15 3.V.> MiiiiHlli'ld li :i.v AHliford H :il roinfrol II 3 'rii(iiii|ii 04'.t 'ruHpvct Landing 05.'i ISiick8|N)rt 13 0(i7 ninehill 17 OHI Surrey 8 Vifi Ellsworth e 008 Trenton 6 7IM Hullivan 710 Goldsborougb 7 717 Steuben 9 730 Columbia 30 740 Jonesborough 9 755 Machiag-bridgc 9 764 '- -- ~ Pall8 6 770 Machias, E Eastport 30 eOOlConcofd 6 Stow M IVashingUm to Dartmouth College. Sj)ringfleld, Moss 305 Northb upton 18 3Z< llalfle 1 5 :578 Deerficid 13 :m nrennneld 4 ;«I4 llintxlale 11 405 Chiirli'Hliiwn 13 110 VVralheritlleltl i< |5| WinilHor i| .|();i llniiliird 14 477 Hanover, DartnioutliCullegu 4 481 48 03 73 78 m> 101 BoH/on ^l Concurd, DarlmoulM Col- Uf.'r.A'. II. ; Minliielirr, Burliiiir- lull, yi.; Montreal and (iHtbec. MuiH'onl, Mmhi 4 .^tnni'liHrn 5 Krading 3 |>2 Aiiilover H 3(t Saliin, N. II lu 31 l^iiidonderry :r7 CIli'Hlrr II Conrord |5 llnM-awi-n 9 Sulixltiiry ti AiiijiiviT H Kiilifld 1H Hanover, liartnmuUiCollegu l-i iiii Niiriviili, Vt I 117 Sirairi.rd 11 |>J^ I'lii'Isea 10 i;t^ I )rnnBe Ill Hri liarre G IM MiinlpcUcr IIX) iMiildlenex m\ VVaterlmry t I7i llolton H im Kirhniond 5 Ih5 WilliNton 5 1!HI Burlington H l!tH ColrlleKter 6 tilM iMillon H ai'2 (ieorgia t< iWIt Ht. Albans 4 334 Swanton !) iKtl Ht. Johns -,14 i9i7 La I'rnirie 18 >J85 Montreal '.".I | St. Hiilpicc ;« :«!» Ilcrlliler :iO :«!• Trois Kivieres 41 400 Ht. Ann's 34 434 Ht. Augustine 40 4 llarriHVilln 23 (ilmUoirH '21 VVarrtiituii, N. (! :il l.i'wipltiirg '2i') Halngh IW Av4'ry)ri-fnvlllu H CaiiidiMi a-i Columbia :U fc:ll|tl(iiiin HI 7IOlliitavm 10 41 Uiilt'aliJ. 40 r>!i Oh iMke y.rit. Kric UN) 1i:Ri:<;raiiil rivur ',K) lltXII'li'vi'lanil :hi ' 174'Saiiiliiiky .'17 7!i:i 41-2 47 lloiiicxliiit') rivor •20 I-2IIII .V Aiiiili' rivi'r ;i!l li'Bi 7'2Ht. Il.iiciia t;. II '20 l-2iiH KI>ii>riiii!Oi'lil in lilf 0:1 MaiiiHiiiiviiii! '20 i:ui: 111:1 Ki>rl St. John Z\ IXHi 1-2:1 St. Jciliii's Niihiirh 4 VX» yHiXtm Urii aiu '2 VXUi IHi, l.VtlPiltahurg to AVir Orteann, by voter l7r<{Moiitli of tin; Ohio •.Il'.i l!llt|Niw .Madrifl Ki \n\.\ '2:tOKir!«t lOiiir 70 Kin h'ort I'lcki^riiiK )i:i Il4:i St. Kraiii is rivor ii(l l-.ii:! VVIlite river 7H I-2HI ArkaiiHaw river 14 llfXt Loiiisiaiia Imiimlary Ilhj |:ki7 Vu/.oii river t'j \\^-i Walnut llillH 14 M'.Hi J^iilc/ie: 117 11,1:1 I'lirl Ailaiiis (i'J lii;o Keil river IH lti!i;i Point L'iiii|M.'u 71 1774 Kaiiiii Koiiue. :»:i i?.c DonalilsoiiviJiu 57 If'ti JVnr Orlniiu Kl I'.W KnKhtili Turn II I!I4h Koit St. I.eon r> liChl (ieiililly Ill I!H,:1 Kort St. I'liiJip 44 '2(KI7 llalize Xt '2040 ..0 lMi!Ma|,lvii <.NI 'iV) '2^7 :»47 411 4111 471 riiMi li'2(! I).>ll 074 70", 7(<(l KU OKI H'lishingloH to Charleston, Savan nail, anil St. Mary's. Fnyetteville ^17 Jjiiiiiborton '23 :iHI I'jMlee river, H. C 00 44(1 China <;rove '20 400 (ieorKetown '£i 4f+2 Hantee river 10 40H Charleston 4S 54:1 JackBonlioroiigh 33 570 I'orotaliBO 31 00 Coimnwhatchic Oi:i Siirannah 44 I'v5' Brvant;. II 15 07-2 Miilway I'2 IW RitehoronKh 5 <;>^!l M'lnloHh(;. 11 17 7(»i Darien 12 7Ih JeirerHon 4rt 700 St. Mary's '24 700 Point Putre 3 703 Washington to AVm Orleans, Knoiville. PrcderickHliiir);, Va Rnni S|iriiii;ii .'t2 OraiiRfiC.II '20 rharloiteBvillu :*4 Now York '20 Slauntnii l<» llrowiiHhiirK ti l.e\iM|!ton 13 Natural Kritlge 14 Piiicnslle 30 fhriHtiaiiDhiirg 50 VVvtheC. H :w AhiiiK'loii tv* Hloiintsvillp, Ten 24 Roiwvillp IH Kngerxviiiu 25 Riilleili;e ;t4 Knotrillt ;13 Kingston 43 '2:11 Washington to Jilbany and Montreal. New York city 'J-.'li KiiiL'Hliri(l|>i> 5 I'eeksklll 31 Kislikill 'JO Poiilflikeefisje 12 Staiitxliiiri,' II Ithiiielierk IIikIhiiii :I7 Kiiiilerhriok 10 Mlianii :«) VVaterlord II Stillwater ".1 Saratotfa 15 Fort lOilward 12 Whitehall '25 lliirliiiL'ton, Vt. nil the lake 70 I'laltshiirK '2(1 St. JohiiH (ill Montreal 21 Ueiroil Irt '2'JS '23'2 '24a 'riii 303 4li'2 4>2 540 IkRI (Hi7 Albany to Uuffalo by Cherry yallty. liiiilderlaiiil. Diianesliiiri; 11 Schoharie 10 r.irli...|i (i Sharon. 10 Cherry Valley 11 S|iniiuOi'lil U KiihOeld 10 l.itihtield 7 llndi'water 3 SiiiiijerOeld 7 Maclisoii 7 Morrm' PlatM 7 I'a/.eiiovia 11 ManliiiM H Huffalo, as uIhivu 155 Huffnio to I'iitsbyrg. Kiuhteen Mile Creek Caiiudaway 47 Krie 33 WaterOird 15 .Meadville 'il Martin'H Perry 15 I'itthhiirg 71 If'iishiiiglon to lliirrhhurg, Ihrnii to liiijalo. (Jeorgetow II Montu'oiiiery, C. II. Md 12 Ciarkesliiirg 13 Pri derli'ktDWtl. .' 15 Criitrerslown 12 Kiiiiiiil>liiirL' II U '211 :h) :iti 4liiiri,', I'a 204 Carl isle... '27 :"i5|llarrislHirj{ H •'iljUalilax lit '-■"iSiiiihtiry 37 ;.>f .VorihniiilH'rlaiid 2 :ii- "tlillcMi II :i!tO 408 •12:1 4:t5 4t>(l ..Albany to tiuffoln, Sandusky, iJriroit. Sehenectady ,\ni!4ti!rilani 12 I'alatiiie 24 Maiiheini lalllo I'aljg II 15 '27 51 57 iif IKiillerkimur rt 7( 14 'J7 4'J 5^1 Ii5 71 nil 110 i:w 175 177 ItH '201 215 'XI 2!N) :i02 :fnt :m7 :iivi :w'^nioomli> Id 12 561ILiina 5 .Mlllieev II) Williain^lMirt II 'I'ioL'a Ii5 l.iiidleystown, N. Y 10 IViiiiK'il I'ost 12 5;il)ill:ith lf( 5.'i(M)aiiville '27 OlOiheicesl.r 17 t^lllUatavia 2.5 Hiill'alo 40 and Washington to I'lii.^hnrg and F.rie. Predenektowii, iiii ahove. ... 42 Middh'town 51 lli)onMhorniii>h H 57 llat'erslown 12 00 Me,is.'rslmrK. I'a 10 K» 70|M( 'oniielHliiire 10 05 Ihilcrossiii!! Jiiiiiatta 14 100 IHiJDIocKlv Knn 115 lll7|ltedtord H 1S3 '2:i I4fi l'271SoinerMet 10 lf>2 i;M!<;reeiiHbiirg 36 lOH I I4i I'lllslinrg :iO -i^i^ I51'l'ranklin. . 70 '2!iH IrtOi Meadville 'Hi rttS liif^iVValerforil "2.'. :M« 17-iKrie 15 363 177 I'.Kll WnshtngloH to Del roil 2(H) I'lllsbiirir 21Hneaverlown 30 '223, New Lisbon 3U 5B8 238 388 h< • « ^ Am Ciiyulioin riv«r 9)1 ('|i-v('liiiiil ;Mi Kiiiiilii^kv .'iT I'.irl .M<'ii!M IN) rri'iirhlciwii :iH llrMWiiNtowii IH llrlriill IH PInlniletphia to HtUhurg Mm k 'I'ltvern DiiwiiinRltowii 31 <;ii|i llill !> (..'iiiriiHliT tW i:ii/.;ilii'llitii\vn IH Mi'iillrtiiwri H llnmfliiiri; !t CllllHlr' Ill Hhi|>|iriiKbiirK 'JO ('li.'iiiilii'ribiirK 10 I. Inn Ill iM'CciniiKlttliiiri; H I'ittitlmrg 1X1 AIM'KNDIV. mrhitlirolhr CitJ >lllliiiiiliriil|ii' I!l i:iT\v.-.t I'lMoii w lli; UliKi nViT Itl .Sdj .>|a\svillc, (ir l.imriiliinc. .'.Ill k.-n 1 /it 1 1 Ay (inlliiinli.^. iM.'irii'lIn Il.l|.n- I.'S f'Trnv II ntM,nilhm<'ri''-k '.M :i'.i r.iirlmvi'ii II •;'.'li:il|i|i.>li!< t HII'iirl-iiiMiiili 14 f'* Alt'viiiiilria 'i 117 I'r. itoii ''I Ii:tM,n.4Villr Km i'l l:n\VasliinL'liiii 4 ICIIIIiir l.l.kH W IliiParm >.M lii'l l.i'\ini.'ton "■i'i U2!t rnTirMixliiiri; 18 347 WiiHlnnelon S '.'.Vi Wlii-cliiiR, \n :W i-'7 f»i. nnir8viiiu. ().; II '.fif- Mnrri.i Tnwii 10 •.VYr' WaHliliiKKin 34 ;i:W CaiiilirKleo 10 -M-i ZaiicKvillc y.l 3t Ni!w Laiicagtf.-r ;iii 4(i:i Tarltnn IH 431 CMlicolhe lt> 4:17 ll'rt.iliinclnn In SI. iMui^ niid C/inrlr.<. hii ShainiiTlnirn. I.i'Xiimlciii. KiMl llaJnlstDUii (17 lli'iilsliiiri! 1<> r.li/.alirllilciwn 10 llMrili'iisliiirit t(7 Yrllow Hank 47 (iriM'ti river 14 lli'iiilcrsciii 31 .Miirmiiilicld 31 Sliri wiicflown, II l-l fk, IM-I !i 'jii 471 Wihiiiiiijliiii 7 iJ7 , 4110 \'i'«iii-iir 3 ai {.>J 'M'l Ihirrr li| 74 :i:K' Kn il.-rlckii pj Hi :ti:iMiilnnl 7 1t:j :"'i< •!..«.•!< 1:1 UNI ;I7- wn,S. c; 4H COO SI. Cliarlestuii (« 7^3 ."141 034 (•.:i4 r.71 7IH Jiugiifin, ftm. In l.rrineinn, l/iriiiiirli Ihf Chrrnkcf. nation 11. (ll'O.. rdliuiiliin ('. Iliiy's MillH i:» l3|VViisliiiii!tiin 1.) 7.">:! I.i'xiiicliin •■£{ 774l.Allii>ii» It) 7Hlt t 'larki'sli(iroii|.'li 30 Wlll-Apiialaili.. nvrr 'H H4H KiitrrClicTokfT nation. .. . K'lHI'lialalioiirlii'i! river 10 Ht'.li 'lieriiato river ,5 017 Klau a nvcr Irt IKirl.iiii!; S\vniii|i 14 '.CHTiirkinu U'><^k river II By Maritlta. FairfaxC. II,, Va 1"» Ontrfiville 34 Ooslien 11 a") MiiWlubiirR 44 Paris 12 .W Millwood H tl4 Battlptowii H Winclicater n Caraimn Kivcr 30 Koinnoy 3.5 Western Port. Md 3li (treenrind Creek 1.5 YdiiRliiogcny river !> Cheat river 37 Oandayaville, Va .5 ClarkpHhiirR Rl Marshvillo 2H Ohio river .57 nil! Marietta, Ohio 1 317 Athens 4U 357 lit- 1 ;( )nst anatilee river, K. Ilraiieh 13 f!t. Charles 31 lIKtt Vans 17 'dnstannuleeriv. W, hranrh 17 WasMnglon tn M'nfllii-ilk. JVnfcAc:,' AnioV river 10 fiiiil A'fin (Means. ' llliwasscc river H r.r.viiiclDii, Ken 541 'I'ellico 33 NiclKdasviile 14 .5.5.5 lloiinilary of the Cherokee l.ane.Tfter 15 .570 Stanford Il> .5H0 fJreenslHirir 75 liti5 7H|crossiiiL' Little Barren river 13 W>1 OH|Hliie SpriiiK 10 077 lail.niasfow 13 (Ml intion 13 hnnrrille. Ten 27 Ifnlledge 3:1 Oresville 13 T.r/ewell 13 I'owelsville 7 UUiCross Great Barren river. ..311 71HlCiinihorland fJap 7 104 llowlinL' (ireen 4 7'J3lCnniherland river, Ken 13 n:i Cross <;HS|H'r river 14 300;Uiissellvllle 14 30.5iS|ninBlield. Ten 35 3:tliiJV«.s//n7/o 30 3.511 730 Harhersville 14 7.50iHieeton 33 775'llazleimt(:h 8 m'l Philailelphin lo Charlt.iton, S. C, by the coast. Darliy, Pa 7i Mount Vernon 17 Hie Hill 5 Kirliinond 14 Kentucky river 10 Iicxinyton 14 Ken. 33 35 .50 7:« Wl 101) 131 141 14li 104 I7H IHI 301 3IH 33.5 345 3.5:1 3Wi 200 :t3ii :Mit ;i7i 3H4 :«M :hih 411 43.5 44H 4.5t! 473 47H 403 503 51G * # ^ "1 i*« s vu .7 . *l ■ ■i » .11) 4i .It .'il .11 t'.-i ■ \i 71 .\i Ml ...7 «i:t ..13 \m ...H III ..111 IXI ..n Ml . .'.ti ir.l •111 li-O .13 I!I5 . V, 'i-in M\ 'XI ...I 'i"! ..'.'f -.Mill . . .•.tl :mi . . .ti :i;u ...3 310 .17 :«57 n ..IH yjr, . . IW •1(17 . :ci 1 1-.' . . .'.•(» V.-i . . .>24 4"!; . . M .'iiii ...HI t>'.*-j . ..4f r.m ...IW 7.M COUUIX'TIONS AM) ADDITIONS. . . . i;« 33 ....!.'. r*) ...*« 7.1 ....Iti H'.l . . .iMI ID'.I .. 2a 131 v.". 10 141 ....3 111'. ...Irt 1114 ....14 I7H ...11 IHI IIClll'J Wl ...17 'JIH ich 17 ii:Ci ... 10 i;4.'i ....H i')3 . . .-.a anC) Lce ...13 2(l.irt nf Imlianu. IViI). 1,(1011. <'liiit' town, I'l.rt Wiiyiii'. AMIJOV, /Vi7//. roj.. H7:», A.MIIOY, .v«i./f/(. I'op. .V3. AMIIKIJ.S'r, t. M:iiii|ii*liiri' <•<). Mn«M 2,(i.'tl. ('nmiiicmi'iiU'iil of iIm! roilipc in uii the (Jmrtii WfiiiicHilay in August, 'riicrc iirc three ViiratiotiH in a year : tlie 1st, frfim eiiiii- nienceiiicnt, 1 \ve«'k.s; the 2(1, Crom tlio Ith AV('(iii(S(lay in DertiiilHT, fi weeks; the .'Id, t'niiil the Mtl Wednesday in .May, 'i weeks. The miiiilu-r of vdiiimes in the lilir;iries it* 7,lMill. Ill re are likewise an academy, and a seminary ealled tlie .Mount I'leasaiit Institu- tion lor the ('(hieation of iMtys : it Ima !i in- structors, and is justly (Mlehratcd AND KS, t. n( ia ware CO. N. Y. Top. 1 ,K';!I. ANCItA.M, t <'olumhiu co. N. Y. Top. l,r>Xi. ANN AF{ROR, t. and caj). of Washtenaw CO. .Mich, i'l III. from Detroit, on Huron river. AUKANSAS, CO. in the K. part of Arkaii- uns Territory. Pop. 1,123. C'liicf town, .\r- kaiiDas. AI{I\ANS.\S, t. and cap. of Arkansas ro. is situated on the N. side of ArkaiisiLs river, lllm. helow [,ittl(! HiKjk. ATHI:NS, t. Athens co. Oliio. Pop. 72!). I5KDF( )I{D, V. and cap. of Bedford ca Pa. Pop. in IHHd, w;f). HK1J,I:F()NTE, t.and cap. of Jackscm (;o. Al. 172 111. NE. from Tuscalixwa, and f)b6 in. from W. HF:IJ.E FONTAINE, t. and cap. of Lo- pan CO. Ohio, of .*^l^atlord, mid al^er34 III. W. ot; read Sir.itlord. It eoiitaiiis extensive miinnfadures of wikiI ,'iiid cotton. lU'CYRI'.S, t. Crawliird eo. Oliio, (iU in. N. from ( 'oluiiihiis. I'oji. ()70, HI' 1. 1, ET, CO. Km. See n„ll,lt. noWEIN<; (JREEN, t. and cap. of Clay CO. III. f'A from W. It is situated on the Oliio rivi r, 13 III. l)elow Ik'tlilcliLin, and is a flourishing vil- CHESTER, t. and caji. Mei;.rs co. Ohio. HI III. SE. friiin Columhiis, 313 j'roin W. I'op. 161. COEI'IMRIA, t. and cap. of Woimv co. INIiso. .^)fi III. from .lelVerson City, 21 E. from Frank- lin, and !»!tl from W. COM'.MIU'S, t. and cap. of RarlholonK w CO. In. II III. S. from ImiianaiKilis. COVENTRY, t. Tolland co. Ct. Pop. 2,11:'), which sec. COVINt/roN, t. and cap. of Fountain co. In. HI ni. NW\ from Indiann|Kilis, and II.VI lUNCMAMTt »N, caji. of Rroomc co. N. Y.trom W\ It is on the E. side ofllie Wal.ash. stands at the junction of the Cheiian{ro aiidj CRAWFORDSVII.EI',!. andea|).ol'.Mniii. Siis(|iiehannah, instead of the Chenanfro and; jromery eo. In. 11 m. NW. from Indianapolis, I'liadilla, as stated in tlu! Ixidy of the work. and (il7 from W. 1(. is on the direct road MliAC'K R(X"K', V. for " Niaj^Jira co. N.Y." j from In(lianii|)olis to ( 'ovintjion. read, Krir co. The following Black Rock is a du|ilicule of this. BLOOMINGTON, t. and cap.of M'Lcan CO. II. BEOOMFIELD, t. Somerset ca Me. Pop. 1,072. BLOOMING fJROVE, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. in 1K30, .')7.3. BLOUNTHVILLE," t. and cap. of Blount DA.MASCrS, t. and cap. of Henry co. Ohio, Hil III. from Coliimliiis, and la5 from W. DANVH.LE, t. and cap. of Vcrtaiillion co. II. 1;'>0 111. NE. from Vandalia, (iH3 from W. on Vermillion river, near the boundary of In- diana. DEFIANCE, t. and cap- of Williams co. Ohio, in the NW. corner of the state, MT) in. from Columbus, 511 from W. Pop. 52. ♦ # 170 ni'lT.TiH, I. atitl rnp. urAlirln I7H III. SK. 0(1111 'riiliiiluiHMr. DKMMII, t. mill rH|i. of Ciirroll oi. In. HH in. (Vntii liiiliiiiiiiiHiliM, mikI i triiil, niiil (il.'i t'riiiii \V. It JH ill III)' SVV. |.iiit <.l" III!' Tirrilory, iii-nr till' iKninilurv <>t linliiiiia. Klil'AMTY.f. im.l inp. (.'allatin vo. II. 137 III. SK. tVdiii Viiiiiliilin. FAYK'l"!"!'; t. niul 0 from St. Louis, and U!iO fromW. fJAS(X)NADE, t. and rap, of (Jasconade CO, Miso, 17 m. K. from .f.V. and \W from W, (JILKAI), t, and cap, ('alhouii co, II, sit- imlcd between the INIississipjii and Illinois rivcru, a few miles alxive their confluence, (iUKKNK, t. Stark co. ( )liio. Top, H.'i. CIUOKNF, t, Chenaiiffo co. N. Y. 12 in. S. from Norwich, 120 WSW. from Albany. Fop. 2,!li;2. (7REENFIELT), t. Saratoga co. N.Y. 12 111, N, from lioUaton, 3(! N, from Albany. Fop. 3,\r>]. (JliFFNFIELI), V. of llifrhlaiid co. Olii.i, 22 111. VV, from Chillicothe, and 71 NK, from Cincinnati, Pop, .31)0. (iREENFIKIil), t, and cap, of Hancock co. In, 21 m, F, from ludiunaiiolis, and ^>.r2 from W. (JREENFIRLD, t, and cap, of Franklin CO, Mass, on the W. bank of the ( oiiucelient, 21 ni, N, of Nortlmmiiton, !).'"> VVNW. of Mos- ton, and 31)6 from W. The villaf,'e is situated li m. from the river, in a pleasant .ind fertile tract of country. It is liaiidsomcly Iniiit, and Iiaa considerable trade. Po|), \fi'U). GREENFIELD, t. of Hillsborough co. ('(UmiKTIONS AND ADDITIONH. I Co. I'liirida N. II. M III. NW.from Amherst, r.SW. from ( 't'liciird. Pop. !llli. liKKFNLA.ND.t.ofRorkinfrhamcn. N. II. .*<. ot" (iri'at Miiy, .I iii. SW, from PortNiMiiiitli, I.on, 7ti r,\' W.; lal. 13 .3' N. Pop. Ilsl. <;RI:|;N MOI'NTAIN.S ranee of moim. tains, wliieli eummeiieo in Canada, and I'x- feiid !<. tlirotifjli N'eriiionl, .VIiiHHaclmiietts, and Coiiiirctinit. They divide the waters wliiiJi How into the Connecticut, from those which tlow into Luke Cliamplain and the lliidsoii. Amoiiir thi< hicrhi'Nt siimmits in Vermont, are Miiiisfirld Mitimtain, Caiiiers Rniiip, and Kill- inirtoii Peak ; and in MussailmsrttM, Saddle, lloosae, and \VaKliiii<;loii Mountains. West Risk, near New Haven, Ct. in the Doutherii teriniiialioii of jhe chain. (•RI')I')N(K 'K, t. and cap. of Crittenden ro. Arkansas, KIH m. t'roiii Litik' Ris-k. It is situated on tlii! Mississippi river, a few miles aiiove Mem|iiiis, in Tennessee. taiEEN RIVER, risi-K in Vermont, and joiiiH Derrliild rivnr, in Heerficld, Mass. (iREENSIU'RC, t. and cap. of Decatur co. In. iiH III. SE. from Indiana[M)li.s, and .'i23 from \V. Pop. L.'ilO, (iREENVILI.E, t. and rap. of Rond co. II. . 20 111. SW. from Vandalia, and WH from W, It is on the frrval national road, (JREENVH.LE, t, and cap, of Wayne eo, Miso. 200 ni. SE. from J.C.nnd OOH from W. CREENVILLE, t. and ciji. Darke co. Ohio, in the western jiart of the state, 103 m. from Cohimlitis, and .'iOI from \V. Pop. 1(!0. IIARRIS|{l'R(;, t. and cap. of Conway co. Arkansas, 10 in. NW. from Little Roek, and l,l(l from W, JACKSON, or Davidsonville, t, and cap, of Lawrence co Ark. See Davidsonville, JACKSONAPOLIS, t. and cap. of Jackson eo. Michigan, 88 ni. W. from Detroit, and 5(53 from W. JAt'K.SONVILLE, t, and cap. of Duval co, Fkirida, 2.'i2 m. E, from 'I'allahassc, on the St. John's river, near its mouth. JACKSONVILLE, t. and cap. of Morgan eo. II, It is IL-i III, NW. from Vandalia, ^<37 frdui W. and alxjiil 12 E, of Naplis, on tlio Illinois river, in a iMaiitifiil and healthy sce- liitn of country. It is the seat of Illinois Col- Iigi', which was Ibimded in IWK, and has a riihd of 13,000 dollars, and Iiuh from 20 to 30 students. JEl'TERSONTON, t. and rajt. of Camden ro. (Jeo. in the SE. part of the state, 212 iii. from Millcilgevillc, and 741 from W. ('OimWTIUNS I.AFAYK'rri:, l. .umI in\>. of Ti|i|rr«ii.i.- rtk III. 70 III. NW. t'roiii liiiliiinuiMiliH, mill lii'i Irniil W. (Ill ihr Wiiliiixli. l.r.VVfS'l'nWN, I. iiikI iii|i. of M..itii,'tiMi iry I'll. Mixo. I>7 in. K. iVoiii J. ('. and Uli'-i In (111 W. M'll'lll'IKLI), t. and cu|i. mI' Juukwin m. ArkiiMsiiH. l.(M;AN.«. itt'Mirliilliiiiiirki- imr I'll. .Mii-lniriin, 'A'M in. NW. from iHtruit, iinil H|7 rriiin W. AIACKIN.WV, t. Olid cup. of Tu/.!wi II CO. II. I I!) III. N. t'niin Vnnilaliii, niul 7:il) Ihiiii W. on Aliiokiiiuw river, wliii:li tlnw.i into tlir llli- iioiM river. AIAKIANNA, I. iinil caii. of JackNoii co. Wi'Ht l''lorii!u, 77 in. NW. from 'ralluiiuhHc, !CJ7 from W. .MAYSVII.I.K, t. ami cap. of Clayco. II. Ki III. SK. from Viiiulilia, utid 7 10 from W. iM'CnNM;i,.SVll,|,|':, t. anil cap. of Mor- Kan CO. Ohio, 7(1 in. SK. fruin ( Viliiinhii.s, and ."Md Irnm W. I'op. :;.')i7. .MKNO.MIMK, t. and ca|^ of Urown co. IVIicliiiran, on (lie W. Hide of Winncimt'o I,akc. .MlCCO'l'OWN, t. and cap.of lliuniitonco. Hoiida. MIDDI.KTOWN, U and cup. of Henry co. lllinoiH. .MIIJiKRSHCKC, t. and cap. of lIohncH CO. < )liio, ill till! iniddlt! pjirt of the Htute, HO in. from CoIuiiiImis, and .111 from W. Top. 'U!(. .Mt )N'ri('KI.I,(), t. uiul cap. of Jellersoii co. Florida, ~'!l m. NK. from 'raiialiasw, .MOU'i'ONSVIIJJ';, t. W.xxllbrd co. Ken. 'JO III. S. from Frankfort. Ml 'N( ■¥'!'( )WN, t. and cuj.. of Deluwuro CO. In. ,VJ in. NK. frnni Iiidiaiia|)o!iM, :iiid rA(> from W. It irt niliiated on While river, in the I'], part of the .state. NASIIVILLK, t. iuid cap.of Wiwhiugton CO. II. a ft'w miles S. of (''ovin^ton. NKWARK, t. FsKcx co. N.J. Fop. 10,:)53. Sec tliiM article in tlic IxMly of the work. NKW LISBON, t. undcap.Coluinbiiuia co. .l''^- NKWMAKKKT, t. Washin-ton co. Ken. •iT) III. S. from Franklbrt, and GOO from W. I'op. 43. NEWPORT, t. and rap. of Vermillion co. Indiana, 86 in. W. from Indianu|Hjli.s uiid G5H from W. AND ADDITinNH. 471 N I r.l'!S, I. mid lap. of lit rrieii ro. Mii Ini^an, 17!) ni. from Ihlinil, icimI ImI IVmih W. It in on St. .lost |i|i'n rivi r, near the SW. corner of Mieliiiran. NORTH MilFRTY, t. J< HNainiiie eu. Ki ii. I'oi^ ti-'. Norwich, I. ami r»p. of Cheniiii|;ii to. N. Y. I'op. ■'1,77 1. S«'c tliirt urliile in tliu IkmIv oI' till' Imok. I'ADFCAH, f. M'Crackin ro. Ken. !»7:i in. SW. from FrankKirt, H17*froni W. Top. 111.-.. r ATTFRSt )N, t. Fhwx co. N.J. Pop. 7,7:U. Sei^ tiiia urtieli' in the ImmIv of the JNiok. PKNNSYI.VAMA.— In the lahleof conn. ticH ,'ind eomil y towiiM, pai;e 71), the 3 (uUowiiijj coiintiex hIioiiIiI reati iImim: Wiirrrn, \*,\>. in iKiO, I,!I7(;; in IMO, 4,706, t 'hief lowii Warren. \Vn, |K.p. in iHiJIt, -|0,0.18; in 1830, l:2,Hill. Chief town, WaHliinjfton. Intuntro, |iop. in 1K;20, l.'.M.'i; in 1830, !»,1L'H. Chiiif town, Franklin. PI':oRIA, CO. anil t. N. part i-f lilinoit. PrrcHFR, t. Chcnonxo co. N. Y. Pop. l,',»ll. SAI.VISA, t. Merc, r ro. Ken. ',>! in. S. from Frankfort, and .'■|7^> troin W. Pop. 7H. SPRINCa-'IFIJ), t. and cap. of Sun^anioin CO. II. 71* ni. NW. from Vundolia, and 807 from W. ST. MARY'S, t. and caj.. of Mercer co. Ohio, in the W. [lurt of the Ntate, 111 in. from ColiimhiiH, and .VW from W. Po . !I'J. SYDNI'lY, I. find cap. of Siieil.y eo. Ohio, HG m. NW. from CohmihiiH, ai.d IWi Iroiii W. Pop. :;>I0. TARIX'OOPY, t. andcup.of St. Jo«tph co. in the; N. part of Indiaim. TIK )RN'1'( )WN, t. and cnp. of Uoon co. In. (i3 III. NW. from Iiidianu()oli8, and Gi^O from VVasliinj:lon. VKRMH.I.IONVH.hK, t. and cap. of La- fiiyette CO. I,.i. lll'J in. W. from New Orleans, and 1,.'{."»I from W. VIM.FMt )NT, t. and cap. of Chic.t co. Ar- kansiiH, ill the SK. jiarl of the territory, 184 III. from liillle Rnt-k, and IJ.'M from W. WAP.\(;ilKONI':TTA,l.andcap.ofAllcn CO. in tlic W. part of Ohio, 110 m. from Co- Imnhiis, and ■')II7 from W. WElllJVlLLK, t. Jackson co. Florida. •J'UK END.