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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. / errata id to fit ie pelure, pon ck 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 //*»//• /Afl*^- f'-*^ ^» 1 PRIZE ESSAY m VANCOUVER I8LAND; ira RESOURCES AND CArABILITIES A8 A (lOLONY. ET CHAELES FORBES, f^sQ., M. D , M. K. C.S., ENG,^ SURGEON, ROYAL NAVY. "EBf, in ronsprchi ' Aniriica?,' notissima fama Insula; divos opuni." rUBLIbllKD UY THE COLONIAL (lOVEKNMLNT, MDCCCLXli. ^^ ^N >? /\', V f -•v ■»■'•>% VAN (!OTJ V 1'] irS ! 8 LAN 1) 1 Colonial Skcrltarv's Oi'fice, 29th October, 18G1. ArRK.MIUM OF FIFTY POUNDS STERLrX(} ^VILL BR GTVEX WX TIIF Coverninent of Vancouver's Island for an Essay which shall ))e adjudf^ed to set forth in the clearest and most comprehensive manner the caiialuli- ties, resources and udvuutages of Vancouver's Island as a Colony for settle- ment. The following rules will govern the award : — 1. Competitors must send their Essays in a sealed cover, directed to the Colonial Secretary of Vancouvei's Island, on or before the 1st of January, 18C0. 2. Xo name or mark is to be attached whereby the writer can be known by his Essay; but some distinctive motto is to be ailixed. 3. A duplicate of the chosen motto is to be sent to the Colonial Secretary, marked on the outside of a sealed cuvelope, upon the inside of which is to be given the name of the writer of the Essay bearing such corresponding motto. 4. The Essay will be submitted for award to a Board conifxised of the fol- lowing gentlemen, who have kindly consented to act on the occasion ; The Rev. C. T. Woods, M. A. William F. Tolmie, Esq., M. D. Gilbert M. Sproat, Esq. 5. After the Board has arrived at its decision, and signified the same to the Colonial Secretary, the Colonial Secretary will forward to it the seai.kk En- velope, bearing the motto corresponding to that of the chosen Essay. The Envelope will de openkd by tub hoauo, and the name found therein signified to the Colonial Secretary. Envelopes of unsuccessful competitors will be returned unopened, if de- sired; but all the Essays will remain the i)roperty of the CJovernmcnt. An award of Ten Pounds will be made for the second best Essay. By order of the Governor. WILLIAM A. G. YOUNG. [In accordance with the foregoing announcement, anumbcr of Essays wore sent in to the Committee, who after a careful examination, awarded the jirize to the Essay here produced. J Wm. .\, (!. Vouv<; In- Pi IL Ml Po -Gc Em Xa Na Re ,*i' OOISTTTClSrTS. PART 1. In'tkoductory and Drscriptivr. Clooirraplucal Position— General Apjioarance — Nature of Cliuiate — Early History. PART II. Physical Geoguapiiy and GeolociY. Minerals — Soils — Rivers — Springs — Lakes. IIyduogbaimiy. Currents — Tides — Lighthouses — Harbours — Coast Line and adjoining Agricultural Districts — Islands — Banks, &c. Mkteoiiology— General and Local— for the years 184C, '47, '48, '40, '50, '51, , 1860, '61 and 1802— Inllucnce on Vegetation. Part hi. Political Gboquai'hy. Population (Aboriginal and Colonial) — Language and Habits — Employment of the People — Hates of "Wages — Comparative Value of Money — Expense of Living — Price of Provihions, &c. — Cost of House Building — Towns, Villagos, Settlements — Joint Stock Com- panies— Shi^) Building — Foundry — Breweries — Public Buildings — The- atres, &c. "Government — Executive and Legislative — Judiciary, and Legal Profession — State of Crime — Religious Denominations — Education — Literary Pro- ductions — Salubrity of Climate — Statistics of Disease —Medical Pro- fession, Hospitals, Sanataria — Agriculture — Horticulture — Floriculture Currency — Capital — Weights and Measures — Trade and Commerce — Imports — Exports — Gold Assaying — Banking, Revenue and Expendi- ture — Do of British Columbia — Steam Commuuicatioa — Subsidies for Mails and Road Making. Emichation — Classes of Emigrants — Routes — Expenses — Emigration l?arracks — Settlements of Pensioners — Free Grants of Land — Emigration Agency — ^Land and Roads — British Columbia and Vancouver island, Anomalous Relative Positions of. PART IV. Xatciul PRonucTioxs — Animal — Vegetable — Mineral. Natubal iiisroiiY. PART V. Recapitulation and General Summary of Capabilities, Pesourccs and Advant- ages. FINJ8. ilTMM'U i I p^vii^r I. 1 x r II o i ) 1 ■ c T ( t R V , A N i> m: s c II I r t i v e . i ' TiiK VovMp;"'!', iiiipi-Muehiii;,' tlio \ri':-t..'ru l^^.ast of Xorlli Anicricn, bct\rcc:i ilio piiriilluls oT -l.s^ iiHil I;!' Xortli l;ilit;i'le, seo-^ the l.'iml rising' hct'ore him, i:i 'm'Ii). iiiiil I'll ;;■;.', ril oiiiliuo, iii-lIi oil t.!io ri-:lil iiai"l ami (iii tlie left, aii'l, !i> !;o jiiu'siies liis C'liii';-!' tDSVar'l.s w'n.xl .-iiijiimi's to I'f I'Ul the ruj;';;-fil inlio-pitaiilo slhire uf ;i -a\ ,ii.a' coiiiiiry, views v. itii lirli-iit, rosliii^i; on its rocky [luik'sia!, that truest (.lulikMii ol' (.:i'ili:Mi ''Jii. "Tho iMicihlly |{i'at'oii," wliich, iiroclaiiniii;^ tlint tilt; wisl'.cd l;n' ifinv'ti is a.t hand, relieves the navigator IVoni anxious e.ire, 'ui'l lieh.ts the en!ivM'ai)t to his n.ew Imuic. On llie ligiiL ha.nil, avray in 'the South Kast, i!i \\'asliin;^'ton Territory, is '.I'.o (Jlynijiian ran-e oi' n'ouiitains. loni'inu- the iironiinent feature ot' the coa-t line— a dark, ru_'.reil, snow (;a)i|n"l mass, the preeipitions el ill's of whi- Ii a[i[iear ».(_) ilesecnd abruptly into the -ea. !rin;j:e(l however, by a belt of ;4entl/ tloiiin;.;;, umluhilii'g- coimtry, its mm wall slnaiered and l.irokeii up, by the fori'o of tlu; ie--lless ami re.-i>t!e;is oe.'aii, into I'oeky needle slia[ied [U'umontories, rn 1 ruLi'Li'ed outlyin;.;' Js!and.,s. (in the lefi. slretcliinv- far ir.to the North West hori/.on, is ainountain rai'..;-, ri-iuL,- alsrujitlv Iroi". rdie sea.. rnu-L;-ed and li:oken in its onlliue, ami presenting' to the '.Mdiolder's eye, every fea'ure of ni.ounlaiii scenery — the sluirj) solitary peak, the lu'olveii sierra, and the r(H;ndod dome shajied mas.s, rellectiuj,^ in the ■.vestern snnli,-hl, from tlie'r \ario;i- .-^urtae '.s and angles, the rays of lii;!it in fnlinite varielv of hue, from the dark indigo of the lo'.ser ranges to the ro-/ pur[ili.' of the peaks. And tills, the first view of \'ANCOU \' hu hSLAXD, which presents itself. i.-5 one, to which a rom.mtie interest is iittaclied; lor win- will not rcetill, with de- light, tlie ca.rly feelings and associations of his V)oy. ;od, when glancing at tie chart, he sees, that under yonder rnggi'd mountains li^ Xootka and Clayo.piot, names Well reiiKmibered, but (.iver th.c reality of which, from the remoteiie.^s of the scene, a certain mystery seemed to hang, grai)hically described tho'igli the places w-ere, by Cook and Vaucotivcr. The romance and the mystery have now however alike given way to a hoiieful reality, and the Kinigrant sees be^.r^^ liim in that mountain range, the rocky pillars and stony buttres.-es ot the laiil of his adoption — aland lull of i>romise and of hope. Passing the lighthouse a". Cape Flattery, ami entering the .Strait of Juan le Fuca, nowhere more than tea to twelve miles in width, the voyager sees on t':. ■> right hand the snow capped range of Olyiupia, its dark an.i frowning precipices descending gloomily to the shore. Uii the left, rellecting a puridc light, l'.:- metamorphic and trajipean rocks of Vancouver, with a fringing belt of yellow sandstone— and, sweeping on for about sixty miles, he seea before hi-.i, o ., ^„,■ foMlunasenturou. st^Mn.n, '"The I- 1 •„.,■ li .Id" on Vlif Iv.ii*' '"'"^ . 1 i,v the warm -Huli;,l>i. "t a Mi<- :;":'" '-■^-:: :',;:;:;:;: ,:■;:;;:»:-'--- "' '-'■ """"^ AuMun.a.l day, ••an nowlMTC ■ •' -,1, thr \uliunna! oi-ai.:M tuu. „„,.,,, of olniiv. '>n wl.'a 1' ...1 U..m. whu'l. -1--^ -^^f '';;,.:> IIUI, and, ~w..,nu, ^ ToihoNonb.-ulyin,.n.i.- ; ,^^^^.^,„. 1 .^1 ana vict.re.iu.. .tna and ~, ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^,^^^.,,,.^^, ,,,,,,^^^^ Auau>.i>.iv.-^'-'7-7;' : ^^^^ ■ o^^^>i-aaaaaonu.a.y.i.-- ' ;^ ^;^^^^^^ ... of ll- -'1>'>^ ^'^^''^'^r:;: .,,.„naaut r.,ulay. U.at una...~U' ^i- t(,\vr;uiU ;ii.;i la H-- ,.,linu <-rtUi^l.-ality.a.-l ..-,-,, ,„..,,.il,r the l.eautH- ...toi'iil ta.-k to the ^. inu;;!i»<'raia.t m1 iialii'-'i.- l'''>t- S::;:.r.,::;-:;;:i;x:':;:!::-:;;::;:;^:,:::;:,:- Tn„-v —■"-■":,^!;'L' ;;;■;, UiiatP ,1 Letwc-e!! tl,e pavallcU 'a -i' l--r' W. la)n V-.uii'ui vei, I'l'uin 1 U 111:^1 .lar poiit-iiia- ^'" iii\,- a c liiuaio mii'ai ■jovou r;. am I inoru o.;u: ■aaciiuui the con-espoii d\nq i^i^ea. uu Uie cuulnic nl t\;e ^llovt■ . ot vUi hirll il liL'5- (M an L' longaU'a oiaon;. form, it i^ c==ou ll;\lly a in ouulam ring l.vo, atlainu Mount Arrowsmit li, av. clcvalion o f r, ;miO f'.'Ct. compor scaofmetainorp liic ai: d VMV.pC an vocK^ k5. fringe^: 1 by a Kelt of carb^nilevou = - 5 an dsio; and llicv seal- < iiicntiu'v u'i>i)sits. Cut up \iy iiuiii(.'!uii.- anus fiml iiil(t.> of tlic ?ea, in uo <'a«c 'loi.'S tlic watiT-'-ln'ii -ullii't' to idvc ii iiiivi^aMc sirfuni, tliuu^Mi uuuutous \'\x-Ai water lakes iwv t'lHiiid, r'tiilin'idiiHMl auiunvst the spurs of tlie luountaiii rau}.'fs. In len;4lii, .'liM* nillc-, ■■ lli an avcraf^'C hieailtli of ,';u to TiO, its oulliue is lioiilly jii''tiii('S(|ue, its slioie> ure ciiaractcri/ccl i.y alirii|it ililfs. rocky prouiuat(jries, iiia,i;;iiiru'ciit liavh');--. sin Il'TfJ I'ovcs, au'l jiciihly liuai'hus. Its '•ai'faoe is lieautiluliy ilivcr-ilied liy iiiinintaiii lifcciiiico, hill ami dale, and uiululivuri^ prairies, the taiuei\('s« of whieli i-, iirukci. \ (]{' the cnuutry, and fVom the ;ji'a\(d of the I'oulder 'Irift wh;;'.. t;lls up matiy ot the h(d!ows. Thi'-.' strm tares are of consiileralilo ;'.:iti(inity. ainl waatd'cr tliey may hc>ve Ijoen ir.tcnded far. havi' be^n lon^ disused, lor. lliro!!L;'i the centre ol' many, tlie ]dii''. the oak. ainl the arbutu.s liave siaii up :r,vl atiain,.d, cousidi-rable iiiii,"n-ions — a tall ^-I'o'.vth. 'fii^' Ind,i;vns ^vh('n (pie-tioned. can ;4'i\<- n^) further account of the matter, than that. '• it ljeloni:eu to the old people." and an examination, by takiu,!j' some ')f the l;ir;_''e5i circles to jdece.^, and di,u',L,an_i: beneath, throws no li;.:ht onilio .subject. The only explanation to be I'oiind. i- in the hyp(jthesis. that these were the d\vcllin;_'s of former tribe = , who have either entirely ilisap[ieared. or whose descendants have ehangcil their mode of llvin.ii'. ami this suppo-ition "s .-trenj;-thened by the t'act, that a certain tribe on the Fraser river, did. till ^■ery recently iivc, in circular beehive shaped houses, built of loose stones, liavinrj an aperture in the arched roof forentrancc and exit, and that in some localities in upper California the .same remains arc found, ami the same origin assignei.l 10 thcin. The climate of Vancouver, in the succession cf ' its seasons, and general tliernial conditions, appro.xinnites closely to that of (Jreat ]jritain, modified by special circumstances connected with its phvsical u'eoci'ranhv. Situated close to a continent the mountain ranges of whicdi are clolhe'l or capped with p.erpetual snow, sarroundeu by an ocean remarlcable for its extremely low temperatu.re, certuiu local peculiarities present themselves to Ilio (I'isorvfttinn (if tlic cliniatolnrint — and tlipso nro well and siicfialiv miirkod ill flic S, I'], end III' tilt' Island, nwiii;,' lo it.s iiriiximity to llic ( Mvnijiiaii vaii^'O (if iiioiintaiii- in \VasiiinL;'t(iu 'i'crritnrv. This niii^'c, niiiiiiii.n' Ka,-t and We.-it. presonfs it.s NDrtlicrit aspfcl to N'an^'fiu- \'-v i-laiid, and since on tiii'! ii«|ic(f flic snow romaiii-; imi tin- nHMiutniii ^ii'aksi all Uic viar nuind. llio wind- whiidi Idnw fruin lliia dircutiun aru iji. (.H.-ionally cold and idiillin^'. Tlir lialiiiy lircozcs of the Smitli, laden with moisture wliicli ^voxilil v:;;; t'.'i'f- ally modify lliu arid lieat nf tlic hilir suiiiiinT, arc infwrci'jiti i| oy thi--' fftnjfP, tlitdi' moist iiro condensi'd and li'al, ali.^lractcd, if tlmy (.H hiww iiom?^ i!t?y iHUH* not like llif- ;j,enial SiOitli. lirc:M liin.i; inci'Msc iinU bringing fci-liiilV; htit UiOfi* like an I'asti-rly \\iiiil in fiiid]!", dry. idiill and cold. (Ill a (.dear .-iinmu'r day. w In ii llu- ilircrt rays of the f!!"!!! ftvft sciiiTliin/. MiJ ialioiir or e.\erid.-e on tin,' i\\-y and licatcil surface ol' the earth i^ o\'i;"ii(»'.' urinff, a 'xciillc soiitlierly hrec/.i may Im; ido\^in,^, so ;jentle a.s nut to Uiake it^^df i'v]i, ill the o|ii,'n, yel so culil a- l.o make the lieat"d travidler long for au eMrAU{>V- eiiiii;' if lie seeks the shad'. In likt' manner, to the hi>t i.lay «i;fi.ve»lr .\ colli !ii;.,dit. The lieat ohlained fii/iM the calorilie rays Of the snii diiviiig l..'! da/, is ([uicdvly radiated I'mm the .-iMMV.ri.' of the cartli, and dov/n front t'a(>. i.^tMnn. ai:i jieaks comes creeiiiiiij llie licavy cold air, to spread itjicU owr tiiv siii'lac o!' .sea and land. Peit,in<;- ill ahdiit the mi'hile of Nu\'onilic:-. the rainj aru ft'v< •«»■•..■ i until .Vjiril, the wrather in ;j'jiuva! lakin;; tlie followin;,' coiirjC : Aftei' the ,t,Mles with I'a.i''. which .^('neraily mark the periovl i ; U>.c C'.J'.JHOX, line (dear weather sets in, and ci'iiliinie- until alioiit the miildto ol ^ovtfin'.iRi'j nt this liOi'iod, rain he-irs to I'all continnoiisly for days, and e;nte- »i» i,yiui niM freiiiicnt on the eoa.^t. The iJarometer raii-es frmn 2;i.."0 to ,'50.10, an i fall? r.'ndi'dy U'i UiCJ np- ]iroach ot a southerly ,i,'ale. Uisiti;.;- -■railnally to .".o.'JO and .'JO.;""'', a ^'oitlMady Avind sni'in;js np. and ihiee days of line clear weather with Uoar fi'i'-l ;^encr~ ally follow. At'ter the third day t!ie barometer slowly falls, and fifrain t!ic r'lilc fiiriiij;^ lip. and the rain- cnnn" dnwn. to he .succeeded after a few ua,. > 'k p. visinj>' e'jass and fro-ty weather, which, as the season advances, breenics more inleiise and is accompaiiieil liy hail and -«now. The latter scldnm I'es for aiiv len^Li'lh of time, the winter of l^.'iU-'GO being, however, a remarlv-ahly severe exception. Tliese oxceptinnal sca-on's occur in all climates, and here only ]rovc tho rale that, an open, wet, winti.'r, (dia.ractcrizes Vancouver Island. I'lirir,!;- this ]ieriod tlie aiij.earance of the landscape is gloomy, tj;^ -.>mhro de.rk ;4i'een foliage ot' tin? ]dne throws a heivy shadow on the ha.r-j roclvs, tho Avarm hrown car^iet of t'L'rn has in a great measure disappeai'cd. tlio li'.vinblo has died down, the thickets of rose, ot raspberry, and of swvet luiar are but naked skeletons, and notiiing is left to gladden the eye but the gracefid clusters of the wax-like snowberry. contrasting with tho beautiful green of tlie young and springing iiines. In the month of !March winter bcgin.s to di.=;appcar, find, b'.:v.-:ting from tho teeming earth with the fir.^t warmth of .'Spring and early simiuicr, luuncfous bulbous plants raise their beauteous heads arrayed in the love- 1/ } I I i 1/ J I liihL (oloiir.-, t I uilcomc (lio comiii^i season. Tin- cldii.'atc liliic pi'lals of the K niiuss, tlic liuiititifiil Ijliio Ctilliiisiu with its -larrv eye, liriii.yiii^: to reiiiem- (jraiM .■ tl:e •• l'"(ir;."'l me Nut' of Uio olil liuino, the {jrncc'fiil Trilium in its girts- , -ctiiiiL;' i»f iliirk Kfeeii leiil, ami, aiiioM;.-l llie lii-i(keii rdck.s nnd ^'iiarlcil r'lDls "t tf'iv. s|vriiij;-iti;<' li.^litly lui it.-' i!'.'li''alc strin. tin- ^;rai'el'ul (lr(i(i|iiii:: Mry- ihriiiiiui! Ki' id;.' tiiotli vi'ili't,. Tlio u ihl ililic- willi i;s scarlet iilo-soiii ;^ive,s C.lrly ■•.ii'ni" r Al' lite, .'iml iini(iii;rst tlie ileail leaver of ii bygone year, smileH H brig'.; ' i""iira;.';iiK'u(, ami welcoilje to tlic ()[lel)ill^' liutls. The .-priii^i' yras.s aiicl J ' .)i» -h'li.'.s of the I'ciii give a covering' of teipler ^jfeeii to the cai'th, 0\'fV \?!:i'jli, ilnriii;;' liie ilarl; i)ioulli.i iil' winter, the f^uleiim jiiao ha.; ' eeii bfOO'li;' ..'j» *lhi' (tak iiiifolil.s it.s leHf, the .Maple {gently (H'ciis unto day, tlio W'iillO^" 4!'!' i". il'iil .\y|)eii, lill the hollows with tlp'ir yellow j;reeii liyht, tho ♦ ' aO!>i,i Ui'i'v a:irT lh\- ('urranl, tlu; RaBl'lierry ai)il the i;(;se, in tlieir iiiilivD 3 f lich and gornfeoiLS eelounug, irregularly scattered liy nature s h;tr!'!. «'l iMiO tiie liut now dead and iiak( '1 loek with a lirighl mantle. The twi/'t^i, •»;' :!;i»eaitii is tecMiliig with life, tln' air is reiiolent of the 0(lour.s i,it' a I'.i /r,.''nuil './lossiMiis. and the fuee of the wlioh; eijuntry .sweeping on iii yrft4,el;,i emlnle.'.ions is, literally, a (Iiinleti of llose.s, Tu tin;, itioi.llis of June and July, vegetation attain.^ its nn')«t vigorous gvowli. nn ! I'.- iirofrciss is ino.st remarkable. In August and .Septeinlier the attilt of ta'n '.»e;^in.s to he fell, the sumnier heals parching the ground and •COrcliin;' the pastures. Alter the break ol"tlie season, the line weather of llio ktjtcr .luliUU!,) (tlie Indian summer) set.s in. ami the mellow tints on leaf and •v'lri'v give llic chief e.ha.rm of the year to the lovely landscape, while they ^iruch'.i'H thai its beauty ;?; for a time about to pass nv/ay. Tie prev.Lilii.".'- winds during the sumiher laontlis. are from S. \V. to .X. W. Idowliig Iteshlv ihi 'ing the day, the nights tramiui! and clear. Xorlheily wiiuls occasionally prevail, and, f(U' iii h a latitude as Vancouver, 'ire ((uiic exceptional in their character — being h t and dry. Blowing gently rVoiu the' i.Mjrt!)., they fweep over the land heated by the rays ot the sumnier sun, and gatliering fragrance in the I'iiigMvoods as they pas.s, they (ill theairwitli a trau-iiarent ha/e, and give an almost tropical appearance to the land.-cajie. Sacli ;.s a Ijrief outline of the nature and .siicccsaion of the seasons in Vauconver Island, and a glance at the .Meteorological Ilegistcr a}ipended, if comjuired with that of (ireat JJritain, will .shov.- a close isothermal rela- tion. Tlic cliief ai\d most Ktriking differences appear to bo, tliat in Vancouver, the spring is sroniewhat later and colder, the summer drier, the sun more KCorc!iii\g, though the average mean tem[)crature is the same. Tlie autumn of the American climate is finer than that of the European, ami the fine weather, (the Indian summer) extends further into the year. The winter moiiths, in ordinary .reasons, arc mucii the same as in the West of England, in the .severer and cxcoptiontil, like the .Midland counties, and Ea,^t coast of Scotland. Such al.^0 are a few of the objects of beauty and interest which present theiuselvcs to the observer and admirer of the varied charms of nature, on hi.s first apiproacli to, and landing on, the Island of Vancouver — an island dcK- tiucni to play a great part in the future political history of the world. The cftrlj history of this important region Cfiii be nowhere better studied than in the voyages of Cook and Vancouver. I5roiij,'ht into special notice just eif^hty yrar.-; tx^o, Vancouvor Island was the cause of a dis|)ute, a jiolitical rupture, and very nearly of a war, between Great IJritain and Spain. In 17i>'8. cert'un iiidividuals, subjects of (iront Britain, agents of a mercantiie house in Canton, [)urchascd from the natives the land about Friendly Cove, in Nootka Sound, the latter at the same- time, according to their customs, conferring sovereignty on llr. Mearcs, the i)ur- ciiaser, by doing homage to him. iJwolling houses, war(diouscs, ..Vo., were erected, and on the Knglish leaving for a so »on. thcnc wore left in charge ^f the Chief, Ma([uinna, ^fr. Mearcs intending to return in the tollowing year. In the mean time a Spanish oflicc-r arnveil with two shqis of war, and took formal possession of tiie place, claiming sovereignty over tiie whole. Tho dispute was referred to the resi)ective LJoverr.ivonts of Great IJritaiu and of Spain, and on the latter attempting to justify tho measure, a llcot ^vas proni[ptly fitted out by the former, ami a declaration of war was imininent. This prompt measure brought Si)aiii *o terms, and .S'ootka was eventually given up, Captain George Vancouver of the Uoyai Navy, being sent out on tlie part of England to receive the transfer, and at the same time survey tho coast ar.d prosecute a voyage of maritime discovery. From this period onwards, the country was visitcil only by ['""ur Traders, and it was not until 18b'; that any settiement was formed on the Island, fn thai; year the Hon. Hudson's L'ay Company started a 'i'rading Fort in the llari>or, ain't on the land which now forms the site of the City of Victoria. In 184!) a Colony was formed, and encouragement given to agricultural immigrants, under the auspices of tho Piiget Sound Agricultural Association. In lsr)H, the e.Kistence of gold in the banks and on the bars of Fraser River Avas made public, and a great rush took place to tho new "Dorado ;'' gold miners, capitalists, and laud speculators, iiocking tu tiio scene of speculation, enterprise and adventure. Since that time the progress of the Colony iias bee:* rapid, the City of Vic- toria springing into existence as if at the touch of a magician's -ivand. At tho j)rescnt n'oment the ])rosi)ects of tho Colony loolc bri;;bter than ever, a great advance, a grand development is " looming In tiie Miluro,' ii-jtii for Wvuroavev and the sister Colony of British Columbia an advance and de\ clo[niient — ivhich must tend to the natural and Inevitable result oi' eonibining them politically, as they are physically, together, and giving theia a community of U\tOV, „VI.UO«RAl.nV, AND METEOnOI.OC.v \ Thp -.oAt cha-.u of the llueky MouiUau.s running from N. ^^ . to S h. form tl„ nnslf rUnn.n, of .1,. WesU.rn ..a^^t of Norll. Amorka ; and the 1 hy.u.a s;oo.,aphv of 15riti.h Culnn.l.ia and of Vancouver Ish^nd is duo pr.maniy o this mountain ran,e, and secondarily, to tl>e eruptive elevatory forces <. taa .-.reat line of vulcuic action, of which Mount T.alver, Mount ilau.er, and Mount The r; hyiH). ,, r • .ip..e uf the Rockv Mountain, is composed, generally, of .gneou. (. Tock., having, renting on and tlanking them, silunan deposits, asso- .-.ialcd witli gold bearing rock.-^.. It h.s i>een recently ascevtainvd, hovever. by Mr. Uanerman, of th N th Vneru-a. Houudary Conuni.sion, that in the vicinity of the 40th Parallel, t^l.H - vn.n^ ie v.ainU- convposed of contorted, false bedded, stratified rocks, very fu,l :„■ ripple n..rk,^with so.ue interstratified basaltic traps. These beds rest on . crneisso-grantlc mass wlncdi is expo-ed at Pend-Orielle Lake, about hah w,.y •j-tween the Culumbia r.nd Kootainc llivers. ■ This .^ranite Is the Central Geological Axis of the country, and .t divde. A^^ unaUered tocks of tbe Ka^tern Slope, froni those of the Western s,do, v,hich are princii-allv black slates and limestones, contemporaneous Avit.. th^ ■ower beds of the llockv Mountains, hut tiu-y are very much altered and d,- :urhed hoth bv grarivic lu.d greenstone ro.ks. U is remarkable that only or. ;reenstono d;kc is exposed to the eastward of Fend-Oriellc Lake, (.n tho vUlev of the Kootauu Uiver), whiU^ the amount of metamorph.sm m the rocK.^ increases as XV e pass westward from the Columida to tlie Pacific, or valley ot T'he Fraser Mlver. This great range, then, runs in a N'.W. and S. E. direction, at an average ii-tance of from iJJt) to 400 miles from the coast. Parallel to this, running m the same general direction, is the Coast Pange, which sends down westerly, U'lmerous rugged mountain spurs to meet the sen, and to forni deep inlets. This raniH', composed of phu.onie, metan- rphic and trappean rocks, per- meated t!n-ouiilH)ut by a system of metalliferous .luartzose veins, and trappean ,lykes, sends olF a branch known as the Lilloet spur, to terminate at the Iraser pJiver,'westof Hope. Uetween the range ami tiie spur, is enclosed a chain ot Hke~' which, witli their portages, arc of great importance as a means of transit to the upper country. A succession of elevated plateaux of the tertiary ago, stretch westerly from Wv base of the Ilocky Mountains and their tlankn.f,^ rvj-e?, to this Lilloet Spur of the Coast Ilauge, and, cutting its way through 8 tli'j friiiblo materials of tliis (ioposit. liiirsliiiL,^ t!ii'oiiL,'h tlic mountain juisscs at Viilo jiinl Hope, the lu'iiser Ilivrr Aviili its fnlilci waters, Hows onwnnls to tiiC sea, briiigiii;^ down in its sprin;.,' ami sniiiinor tori'ciil--. lliose liy'liter parti- c;us ol'golil wliR'li, ticeumulfitcii on its lianks ami liai's. have hoeu the means ot (!irecliii;;-attention to, ami (levelo|>in;4- that amaxiiie' wealtli of the rnggeil uiiper couiitiw, wiienee the noble stream derives its sprin.crs of life. Sweeping on past Vale and Hope, the l.'ivri' leaves its i-ocky barrieis 1)eliind, :iiid rolling on in graeefnl, sweeps, passes the rising eity of New Westminster, lo empty its flooil into tlie (!ulf of (jeorgia. During the latter i)art of it? eoiirse, it (lows, a tran(iuil, steady stream, through tei'tiary and alluvial deposits, eanyiiig with it sedimentary mallei' to he de[)0sited as I'anks and .shoals, the Jiuelei of future "green lields iind pa-tures new," The Colony of liritisli Columbia, which thns extend.- its western bonlcrs to the sea, has a noble bander for the jiroteetion of its shores. An outlying ridge, another parallel ehain of mountains, cut o(f however by the sea from t!:e Continent, with which, in its jihjsieal geography it is connected, forms ;u; f.'chipelago of iskmds, the chief of which is the sister fohmy of \'ancouvtr. Tiic whole northern and western sea face of I'.ritish Columbia as far smuli as Howe tSoiiml, is a rugged mass of plutonic, trajipean and .(uartzose r.icks. v.'ith associated senai-crystalliue liin'.;sti)ui.s. Cut, up by numerous inle.'s am;. ai'iMS of the sea, it needs no protection against thev/inds and wa^es, but sends out its adamantine promontories to meet them. Far different however is the eoa-t line I'riun Hov,e Sound or [!urrar.!'s Inlet southwards, ytretching in a semieji'ch; the C(nivexity of ^^ hie h t'/aej.es the loot range of mountain above Langh'y on the F/aser, and reacdiiiiL- south past i'.ellingham Bay into United States territory, is a. deposit of loose friable sa)id- stones ami alluvium, the same tlirough wliitdi the Fraser fiixer cut.s it,s way. These sandstones at r.urrard's Inlet and a, Hellingham 15ay contain seams of lignit(\ the associated triable sandstones whei'e hanlened and i>artially ?neia- morphosed, shicwing impre-si(jns of a dicotyleiionous plant allied tothemajde. All geological evidence tends to prove, that ihe last u] liea\al of this con- tinent and outlying ishlnds ^\as -lo\v and gradual, occurring in the post pleistocene or most recent teriiary epo(di. And the e.v.'stence of this belt or sandstone and allnvium, which is of such va-t imiiortante to llritish Coltinfbia, is due in the first place to ■■^itr/i updieaval am! deposition of alluvial matter, in the seconil place to the protection of the onilying insular I'arriers. A'aneouver, and its dependencies. The great importance (physicallv speaking), lo Hiitish Columbia of thi.s bari'ier group of islands, will be at once appareirt to any one who tekes iiitc coii.-ideration the powerful effects of the violent storms which rage on this coast in the later autumnal and early s|»ring ii.onths, together with the sweep- ing currents, which, rushing irregularly in ah' directions, carry everything but the hardest rocks befoie theai. Without s'leh protection as is thus alforded, the loose friable materials of the district .'ndiiated, must have been long sinco swept away, and what will eventually b.> a rich ag'^rieultaral country lost to the industry of man. The special physical geography of Vancouver in so far as regards its form and feature has been already briefly given — it now remains to say a few words on its geology. Till? ji'cologiciil Htnictiire ot a country lilcc Vancouver, owinrf to jiractii'iil dilTi'Miltic.^. can only he arrivcil at by deiluctioiis from partial oliscrviitiotis, such as are all'orded bv suctions on tl M.' CO list, bv rav me.- water cnnrses am mountain summits. Covered by a tiiiek vegetation it is imi>(is-il)le in the summer months to ]HMietrate the vaUeys to any goo, in some cases sligiitly metahiorphn--'. d by the intrn.-ion and contact of heated rnciv, and contiiining, as fossil tc-tinioiiy ui' age. impressions of the leaves (d'a nniplc like tree. Upheaval, sub.^idence. ami denudation had all done theii' ^vnvk on tlic dense crystalline ro(dueeu Charlotte's Island, to the north, a very good I'eacock copper ore has been obtained in considerable (luanlities, auil at '.'larch-iy Sound on the .S. \V . coast, in the metam<)r[ihoseil rocks of that locality, .mother pyritic ore (d' cojjiier has been found, a,; also at Cowitchan on the ea-t toast. Traces of gidd are to Ije found in the clay slates and permeating ijuart/. veins, disseminated in line particles througliout the nuis3, and alsi> as ae.rifero-is iron pyrites. 10 f» tlu; noiVlibourhood of tlio m. i ' ;- '"'-^'"'-^"J 'U .Va„ai„,,, '''''' ^^•^•"'- '^t Adnm-ul or Salt JviJla.--, or cl'iv .1.,, ■"' "I't-'-'i tocki art.' (r,,,,;^. i ;^-;;;^;..::::Lr::::;;,t;;f,-;;:^f^ . '■'■''■■'■'•■* »-l«-miu,M rod, '"''■''■''"-■'l'""^'«»"»i..i a,..;,, " ' ''-" "^ ■-■(■•iittercl islets Tl,, ■ "''^ '-'^•oiitimied 0,1),.- t,, i,n ■^"^ ^o'1-^tituerit.s of tlio driiV ,. 11 restin^^ ipon it, a thick coating of vo;?t'tal)]c inonltl. This most valimblc soil is foiiiul sweeping ilown the siilcs of gentle sloiie?, lillin;^ up liollows and swampy bottoms, unil, mixed with tiie rich alluvial doposits of such districts as Siianich, Cowitchan, Delta of Xanaiino, and Comax, furius an almost ine.\- haustable source uf i'gricultural wealth. The sandy loam.-! formed on the surface, from the hrPiikincf uf) of the underlyiu}^ sedimentary rocks, as at Nanaiuio and Suit Spring Island, are very much richer than those uf the yreat },n'av(d deposit alluded to. In Cowitchaa valley, calcareous soils and rich loams occur, formed by tlio disentei^ration and decomposition of the nci^libouriufif limestone rocks. In some localities, the chiy. cold and retentive, forms the oiuy soil, and will rciiuire skillul treatment to brinj;; it into use. TiiK Soils of Vancouver Island innv be thus distiuKnishtd ."^.nd described. 1st — A poor gravelly soil, with a thin coating of vegetable mould, Ikearinjf large timber of superior ([uality, coarse grass, and little iiinler-woixi. 2nd — A Calcareous sandy loam of good ((uality, proiliiring excellent crops of vegetables, and very suitable for clover and other lime pfauts. 3d — The riidi dark brownish black soil, humus, resulting from tiie decay of vegetable matter, mixed in some loealities with alluvium, of inriable deptli and resting on the clay subsoil, which itself overlies trap and concretionary Hmostoue. The poverty of the soil, first described, is duo to its iuubiiity to retain moisture. The winter rains and the more genial showers ui' spring, alike percolate tlio mass, and drain olf into lagoons, leaving llit- hot sun of drr summers to desicate the surface. The second soil or sandy loaiii is always romly lorcultivatiofi, ar.il llic third and by far the ricliest, only wants siil)soil drainage to carry tlu Leaviest possible cro[)S of wheat and other cereals. From its insular character, ami peculiar physical forii(atir,ii, Vaneouver, possesses aljundant means of water carriage — inlets tuid arms of the sea, run tip to its most fertile valleys, and supply the ]ilacc of na\igable stream.-. There are no rivers in the stricter sense ot tin' woril, »iieh streaiiss as fl(jw through the country, being simply, the short water courses wliieli lii.-tliaruo the overflow of lakes, or the surface waters of the neiglii>ourife^- ridyes, torrents in winter, nearly dry in summer, valuable only as a power I'lr iliiving grist and saw mills, and [lossibly at a future day to be rendered u.-eful as a means of irrigation, a process by which many parts of the eoinitry iv.iuld bo much benefited. As might be expected in a country having a clay sub-.-oil. and coven!il with material through which water readily percolates, sjirings are numerous and the water excelk'ut. There are localities, however, where, (day forming tin,' surface s(/il, I lie water lodges or runs olf, ami must Ite looked for at some little ili.-tanee. wiiere tlio clay is overlaid by a porous materiiil. In these places it is reailily found ; in other cases the clay must be gone through Itetbre the ^vate^ wells up. Many springs arc charged with sulphuretted hydrogen, and much resemble the Hath waters, being, however, far from iiiipleiisant to the taste. Stretching into the heart of the country, lying along the bases of the par- l: ullcl riil-i'- of traiipciui rock, svro iiuinorou.-^ lakos, in sniiio ca?fs forming n continnoii.s cli.-iin, Dtliers, solitiu-y, lie cinlio-jomed niiionj,' tiio iiioiiiitniiis, and form a licauiiful fraturu in tiu; liir.d.-ranc, placid, clear and ralm, tli(\v iio, amon^>t, tlic rocky, pin^'-ilad iiilL-;, tVingL'il b)- tlic willow, the iililcr. and tlio trenililin.i' a-pcn, the tcudci' irroeii of tlio foliaffo l)ri_!;litl\' yet snttly rodectod in llic Hnii.-iiiuc from llic watery mirror, wliilc .-trL'tchini:- ucros.-; as if to <,fra>|i tlie li:;-!)*. the ihii'k ]jur|iic outline of iho .shadow of the frowning- peak, inuelopes the farlher ,-ide in .ulooni. \\'a:^l;'Ml liv a trulv horeal ocean, \'ancouver Island and the neiu'libonriiifj shores, iii'c -ent a pecnUiu', s[)eciiil, :Mid most interesting .stndy to the liydro- graphei'. .\(. where aie the pociili.iriiies and irrcLMihirities of tidiil current.? so markeil, nowhere are t'leir pr(il)!i'ms so dilli.Milt of snlution. The tempera- ture of the sea water ail the year round is remarkably low. In the snnimcr month~, when, on the water, the temper. itnre in the shaile ranges from (JU to ';."). tile water itself is from ali to TjO deg. Fall., and it ha.s a i)cculiar thick ijin Idy appearance. This biw temperature which has a special elfect in modifying the climate and keeping down the .summer hi.'at, and thi-' muddy liudv of the water may be due to t'A o causes or to lioth coml)ined. The nieUing iderable ([Uantily of Siii,i\N" \s ater, reai.-lies the sea in the ni.ughtiourhood id" X'ancouver l>land. Again, there are pi-ubably strong under currents setting southwards from the Arctic h of the pent np waters of the Onlf of Gcorjiia, stren] thened and divided Vy the labvvinlh of inlands which choke up its ;h) ithei n e ntranee, it is not surprism an d irreL'ularitics occur, w hich almost bailie any attempt at framini Lf that eddies, races law^ )t rather embarrass ■i than assist tlic seaman which mav not rather emnarras* in;tii .i.-^'-'- -- ' 'The liood tide sots to the northward along the outer coa^t ot the Con- fii\eut and Vancouver Island. ' '.;„;.„„ ,vc..,.cn,.ul. of U,ol,.:u,,l, lh« li.lc. .-ore f.m„l U, U: ro--ul.r floo.l ami oljl) "f sis lioiiis' J.in.tioii.' : ; i,,,a,, ,u„l ..no,,.. .1,0 i.lu,>,,, orU,„ II,,,.. A,-,I,.PH„P.. .---'' ^''^' ''''■^'"'•'" T ,i,n.T,.v. io aitVird orotcctioii 10 Iho '■■-rs;:;;;:i";:r^-»"-rM^ ..„:;; ;,lse .. C^c r,aU0.„ . . «.ea ..Uo H,l,f of .-"-;;-„;- „„„ woatl.or f,-,.u cisl.l-,. to two,, y '"^ ;; - ^ ;'■;,„, ,., ,„„ ,,,.„„ ,U, „e,.l o„ ,1,0 ,o„fho,„ ^'■"- - ;; ,J'";-' ' , „,„,„„,„ ,„, is .1,0 o„„ of tl,c «.•-'.- f-' :^;,?,° '„„;,„■ .1.1.. ,.t .1.0 0... ^' "' II- Ila4,i,.g ligl.t on "'= '■■■'™ '•-'■""•' "" , , ,,, , , ^.. (.,,„, |.-h,..o,v .lu,-0 .vill , T- • ^^ Time •! ♦((>!■ ma'AinC;" te i.l.il oi v,..^.l only 1.0 a,, intonal of aUout s.xloou ,i„lo.- f.o". '» .■'= ■ <^ '°";,::::":c i.a.1.0.,.. aro n.,„.a a,o..6 .„o coa.. of ^;---- ,;;'-;!;;;;i t;:;:i:;fr,"r:a:-;:iu..o,.. a., a^io....... ...ic, appertaining thereto : 14 From port Siin .Iiiiiii cusl waril.s tlio f.)a,>t is IjoM aiid rocky, inniioroiis creeks aud inlet- Iiowovlt, givf prDtcction t(i sniivil craft, ii'.ul hiooko Inlet i.-^ \vcll aJaptc*! fur i-ua^tinj;- vessels aid small stcaiiier,-!. K^i|iiiiii dr. hai'K nii-. distant cii^iit and m lialf miles from the ]!a''e IJ(.cks on Avliieji i:- ].Iared the l!a>liiii/ li<:ht hefdi'c descril.ed. is dislin.uiM-hed \>y the \\ hite tnu er (if I'le I'ispard Li;^iit. whiidi marks tiic we-tern jioiiit ol the cutranee. 'f hi,- is a sate and excellent an(di(ira,i;e tor sliips (.f any -i/.e, and with the iild ol the •• liuhl." may lie enlereil at any lim(; with ,trreat facility ; the hnldin--;iriMind i- --odiI— a tenaeiuns Idne clay. The extent of thi-. line har- liuur is alioat tiiree miles l.y t'.\ n, with an avcra;^-e denth of six to ei.;ht fitlioms, ai'.i! roiind th'' V, Ii')Ie of tiic irre_ nlar circle descrihed. iiunieron.-- ro ky pMj- inontnries \\ith outlying islanils and ;;-ent!y sli.pin^' sandy hays, form tlie ehiet leaturt of tlie scene, (ireat natural advnntaues; and ficilities exist toi- tlio fxlension i.f tow n-hius and form.!li(/n of di»ek-. and there is no dunl;l Imt that tills fa'-onre.l s;. 1)1 will liecume lliu e.-talilislied hea(h|Marters ot l!ie lloyal Naval I'crce in the i'aeiiic. .\n Hospital and ^Storehouses fur the ser\ ii.'c allcat ;i!id a II ii'iMuks I'av tlie ulli'a'rs aiu! men t)\' the North Aniori :an ll./umlary Cum- !:ii.-si,iii, a'.read\ u'i\e an olh'iai .-ei'viri; like tdniraeter In the i'urt. '* \'ic!oria llarhuur is a little more than two nnle.- e.islward of I'l-iMiimait, ^\itl]it.- ertraui.'c lu-tv.eeu (t^den and .MeLauuhlin puinl.-. Tiic eiitran"e i.- siiual, n;irr"U . and intrir'ale. aU'l with .'^. W. or S. K. ;j;'. les a hea\y iulliii,L; .-well .sets uu tiie cua-t, wliirh I'endi/r- die anehura^^c out.-Ide oasafe. while ^e.-.-e^- .',iter may. under uidiuary ei.'eui.i.- ta;.- ccs enO'r ai -ii'di tini'.-- of tide, and ship- dra\\-in^L.:' seventeen f.'ct. lia\e entere.;. Vlio'i-'h uuly at the ill f,' uft.iimd. '• Orijinrdly .-e'.i''ied hy the I lunoiiraide lindsua's iJay Cv.nipa'iy. ;'..•; the depot tf t'aeir estaMisliment.-. in c>jnseij'ience uf the ijUanlity of voud clear l.uol iu tiiC imniediiate iiei^dihuuiaoud, and tiie llarhour liein,!;' .-ulliciently .-pacions foi tliC lew small vessels in theii' cuii[iloy. v.-as aa a site in these respects admirahly c'..o-en. hul ii has lieen a fatal mi,-lake. at a later ilate. not to have adoi>tod I^S'ininnilt as tiie commercial port." Tiie inlet of the sea wiiich furms the liarhonr of Victoiia. rums nurlhorly for porac miles, v.it'.i an avera;:-e breadth of a \\:\v hundreds yards, an. I a,t one poini is separated liy but a very narrow r.eck of land frum Ksijiiimalt JIarl.iour. Tlirongh thi- it has been pro])Osed to cut a canal and so connect the two Har- bour.? a plan wlii(di. if com]delely carried out by llie removal of the only impediment to navigation by barg-e.?. tke narrow j:ait of the " ji0i'i:-e,'' would be of very preal advantage to the commercial interest.? of ^'ictoria. .Second ouly to the establishment of a tram-road or railway between the two ports. Trocecdinr;' nurihward alonu' the coast, luiincroiis Hat. rocky Island.? and islets are jiassed. between ■which, at certain time.?, the pent up waters of the '• Georgian gulf" rush willi the noise and turbuleiicc of a mountaiu torrent. 15 (ii;iitly undiiliiliii;,' \m\<\, park like in it.. seciuTv, with curvin-; l.iiy^. iiiailis the (oist line to the opening knuwn n., .Sa:inich lulil, llius griiphic;ul\ dccrilCMl hy Captiiiii Uii'liiird- ; '•This inii'l forms a, rminsula of tlic Soutli Ka.-t iioi-liun ol Viinconvcr Islanil, of iihunt "Jo niiic- in ii N. N. W. ami S. S. K. diriMMinii, ami varvia,^- ii. hroailth friMii i'i;jht niilos at its .-(nithiTn part, to llirco al \[.- nnrthi'rn. (Mi the southern coa^t of this I'enin.-nhi arc the harhours of Iv-^iiuimall and \'icto|-iii. in the ni'i,i;'hl)OurhoiHl of which, for .-onie live mile.- the country is pietiy thicddy wooded. il< prevaiiinj; feature — lake ami mountain, wilh however .-ome i uii- sidcrablc tracts of clear and fertile laml. 'J'he northern poitii/u foi' alxjut te:i miles, eoi'.tains some of the hest a^'rienltural land in Vancouver l.-land. Tiie coast lino is frinfied wlt.li pine forests, hut in the eenlre it 1- (dear jirairie. or (jah land, much of it und.cr cultivation. Seam- (d' coal have al.-o \n-v\i found." '•Further north ('owilchan ilarhoiir po.-. -esses one convcnieM anelioraue and hut fur the lar^i^e tract (d ^ood land contained in the \a!ie\ of Cowitcha:: the jtort would scarcely dc^irve iioliee, aii'l eerlainly the term Kay. is more : pplicalile to it than that of llarliour." This mo.-t important di-trid, oi' ('owlKdian. with those of i 'omiakei:. '.lunm- ichen. .^omeinos and Slun.ni^'an. re(|uire a .-pecial ami ddaili'd notii ;•. tl...' imiiortance to the colony in an at;ricu!iural jioiiit of view hi in^- v(Ty erea; besides alfordin-- an e.\-e(dh;nt exaniiile. coinpiisinp- as ihey do, ;iii' L;-enera: charaeteristies of the ie-itile valleys, and lu-airie.- v, liich frin-e t!:c lai-ter^ coa-t. The Cowitehaii -ialley may he considered to he. ahout fd'ieeii i,iile- v.-i,io i;-'0n the sea eoa.-rt. miriowin.u' rapidly in a ue.-ti.'rly di:-e,/iiun lo the width ol fi'joiit .-i.\ mile.-^. llound.ed hy iii.i^h r.iii,L;-e'S of mountain eoni;-.o:ed ol ( 'alcarru!!- 8.indstimes. these riinues form almost impassalde harriers to tiie valley, noi-rh and south. To the di-inteLn'ation ami deeoiupositio!i of lhe,e I'uel,.-. all hiuliiy c'iari;-ed with tl;e cai'hi.nrite of lime. i.r due, the di-linc'i vc eharacier ot t::e soils, throu^hoin. the (\)wit(dien A'alley. In tludr natiire they cri; e,.-.(■nti:li;,^■ c ih'areou-. for while the other prineiides oi'cur in dillerent de'.;ree.-. in this locality Carlmnale ed" lime almo-t invariably predominat( ^. and of this soi!. tliM'e is usually a eood, depth oi from two to three feet, rec-tin-- on a .-uflieientiy re'.enlive sub-oil of blue clay or e-ravel. The I'larths. chiel'y liji'ht, very jiorous, and composed (d' due proportions (if c'.av. sand, carbonate of lime and liiimus are well c(uislitute'l lor ab.sorbin;.- f.nd retaining moisture, and the e-eneral cidotir from brown to b!;>,(d^. wilh the entire absence of chalky or white earths, would likewise imlieate !i favourable soil for receiving and retaining heat. Samples taken from the Somenos I'lainv were found by c.xiicriment to aljsorb water sufllcient to increase the v(dume oi Foil, from one-fifth to one-eighth of its whole Ijulk. Much of the stdl ;tlong the river liottom is a clay loam of a brown colour, ami is an excellent ;-oil forv.hea;^ lioans. turnips ami red clover. The alluvial deposit of the vall(\\- is, however, far from being all cd a clayey nature, in many i)arts, chiefly on the southera side, the mould rests upon a gravelly and even a sandy deposit. This is like- wise a rich soil, as raav be seen from the aljundant crops of potatoes, one of the mo.-t exhausting of rdauts, raised by the natives ou the same p.itches of land for a series of vears. 16 The ?oIl3 on the pniiric liuxla aro diiluT Ki-.^volly, or .sainly a-id ^n-.i-elly lu.'UMs, eliKil'Ui for »>,irlcy, odts, ryo, huckwl.oat, Loans, pcii.«, ilic n,..t a.hl \vM\ crop,*, potatoes niniips, ('iurots, iui.l the usual .icanlcn vugutublo?. Wlaat. may he sii.TCHsliilly raivi'il iiim.ii luo^of ilio soil.s, aiul. willi prupur tillnj^c, iiim.ii all. TliL- liiiiiiiaity of llie alui<).splicro alet-rlaiu seasons may prove a harrier to tho cMiItivatiou of fiidiuu Corn, hut there is every iin.hahility, that this -rain will one dav form a staple, as it will assuredly be a proiitahle eomui..dity l,utli of coiiHuiiipiiuu and export. fiider a judicious system of farmiii- there can ho no douht, hut that as .yooil return^ can Imj ohtaiuod from these lati-ls as from any [.art of the CoiiliiRut uf Aimrica— tlie climate heinrivilef'-e to meet tlio rei|uirement.- of a large poiiulation, us rn!j;rtrds hotli grict iind s;i\v niilN, n« well us fiu toiies. hut those are all iulund at a distance of Hever;il miles from tiie coa^t. Tiie whole district is a ricli delta, flaiikcl hy fpreadiii^' prairies, houndeil ViT jircoipitoin liills: no Kite fur any town or s-etlieuiofit, Iia^ yet been dceidt'ri-inr.; the native popul!;tioi; of these disti iel;=, has been, after enrcfiil eininirie.- made, s"t dii\s;,at iwo hunured, f^iviii;-; an ettimuted aga'regate of 6oo to 1 000 ;H)uI.-;. Tiie 'ii -pu.-i; i;:a ^,ho',^■ll by tiie;e yieMjde has been most friendly, and they con.-tiui'vly c;;pre.-'--- a-.,ifii !o Iia'.e while settlers amongst tiiem. L^■;^,g oH' this fertile region, the five districts of '.v\^\<:]: hnve hcvw (Otupii'cd in the foreguing general description, is Adiiiiral nr:-.!;! S. ring Ishuid, whiih lias two irood ports. Kr.lf'ord !larl>oui' on ils ,S. f^, :;i.d Giiuges llaiiiour en its Kasterii >ide. '•Tills Island is for llic nio-t part ihielily woo:K'l. br.l there is a eonslder.iblc extent of partit;!!y cleared laiul, both at the northern end, and at the head of iMilfonl Harbour, Viliieh is now becoming peopled i-y settlers, under tlii iiamo of Salt Spring Di-triet, a nar.ie (b.'ri\ed from several sail springs on the Island.'' Of the same geologie^'J formation, as ilie dciitrict otf v.'hich it lies, there li an abuudanec of excellent Imilding stone, and a fertile sandy loam gives seofic for the labour of the Agriculturist. The l!rinespring>^ have lieen asccrtaii'ed by analysis to contain -iOO 1 grains of salt per Imiieriai gallon. The returns from the numerous small farms into wlii(di tiie dislri."t is ilJvldod, have been most sati>f.ictorT, and give great encouragement !o the energotic .settlor, who, putting his own hand to the plough, cau cultivate his laud independently of hired labour. From the noith end of Ailmiral Island to Nauaimo, lluTe is abonf'twenty miles of coast line, guarded by a chain of islands, between wuieh and the m:iin- land are mimeroiis passages, through v,-hleh the tides eoui\-o !ike toi'rents— the more remarkable of these arc known as the •' Narrow;;." Nanaimo Harbour, in tlie" Sailing Directions," is thus described " vLwi. the banks arc covered this harbour gives the idea of a Ip.rge : treot (-f w.",tcr, 18 lilt Iho deep jiartis liinilcil, iiltboiu^'li lluio is pU'iity of room for a con^iiler- nl^le imiuIxT of ve.S!;i>Is iimurcil. " (U tlio (.'oiil, Ciipt. Ilii'liiinls tliMi si)oak.-i ; '' The riiliicH of N'atiiiiuio inoiliuio ti fair Litiiiniiious (Joal, wliicli aiiswciN woll tor .stcniiiiii;^ piirposi'S, It i* li;^liti'r 1, ;ilj()iit ten per ('(Mit. thiiii Wtlsli Cmi!, iiiitl it.; (•uriHiiiiiplijii propurcioiiiUi'ly r.i;);il. Tliu woikiii;^- of tlit: iiiiiics !i:ii not yl hccii uniliTtalvcti on ii sciilo corn- liimi.siiral.0 with llicir iniportiinoc, probably unin^' to tlio dcniatnl inivin;^' been Cui'.ipftratively small. As tlio nualily of tlic coal is, Iio'.VL'Vcr, bcconiin;,' bi'lter k".u.vn tliLMk'iiiaiiil is r:ipiilly incrca^iinu'. It i>i now exportoil to California iii 1 iij^o (luaiititiiv-, ainl sliip-i arc inconvrniciilly (ktaineij waitini;' fi r fai'^'otv. h.juio no'.v an 1 very proniitiln^; scam,: liavc lately bocii iliscovcrcil liy boring, a:.[ thu (luality ii aud to he superior to any hitherto t'onml. "N'owc i^tli! r; liyi!r.)[jen, .")■:; J nilro^en, 1-oj ; sulphur, 'J-:!o: o.\y;,fen, .s'-7i) : aoh, l."s:( — this closely resemblin;^' ni:udi of the Ciiili coal, and some (d I'.orneo — the idiief ai'K'oxi'.iiatioil buin^' in the relative prkijiurlioii ; of llydi'OL;'en. The whole dc|)o>it lia.i uuder;.(one much disturbance from the action of \o!oani'; foree.3 iii ti.e noi^fhimuraii I, fault-; .Tr:' very numerous, and lie tuouibers of the sedimentary stratified rocks of this coaliiidd aro disturbed and tvistcd about iu a very remarka' le manner. Urine sprin;^'s are found, containiu;: a prop:'rtion of CI I'^iirrs. of salt to the liu^'Orial gallon. In .Mr. I'cmbertou's " Kac ! ^ and Figures" will bo f.und &xx fii.alysis of i-all springs here and at .Vdmiral b land. To the;3.> miuer.Hl rielies, .\anaiuc> with its a-soeiated districts, ndds lireat Capabilities for the develnjiment of a.jiricultural wealth, and the town o( X.'.aaimo. wit'i about two hundre.l inhabivantJ, already nlfordi r. markr't for nil kinds of farm produce. TIic surrouudin,^ country has been diviilud into the moniitain, ccd.ar, and Ci'-Auberry 'li is .>i)metiliie* ni iiiiuh a^ eixteeii foi't, (hi; linrl;our of Xanaiino present.^ jici'iijiar facilities for tlie con- .•itniL'tioii of dock'. Tli'j vallvy of tl'O ('oin*x. aiiotlicr iiiui a;.,'rioultiiral di.-iaiid, the westernmost of the group, i^ a \tH-y icu'nrkable liaro i.-Iand, Uaio feet in iiei^^dit, having a curious notch on the .-iMiii.rit. l]et\vcen tho Cape and tliu ncaroat IsbuuLs there is n good clear pa,:^;ago of two or three miles wide. Kxlenilie.g from near this group olfand round the coa.?t, southerly, towards U'oody Toiat. !.; a biink exactly similar to one, which, lying o!V the entrance of the .^traits of ..Taau de Fiica stretches northerly to near Xuotka Hound, and southerly to below tho -18° parallel on the coa.-^t of the main Continent. A middle ground of deep vrator e.xtcnding from Woody Point to lielow Nootka separ.itc.; the!-c banks v.duch extend westerly to ll!."." and I'Jo^ of \V. Losg., witli an avcr.uo depth of water of from forty to one hundred fathoms having a gravel or s.indy bottom in tho shallower and l)lue mud in the deeper jiarts ; these banks get shallower as they stretch westerly and lerminato abrni>liy at a sharp ndgc, beyond which there are uo soundings. 20 Hoth at tlio N. W. nml S. W. I'strtniitiei of tli» Iilouda lliose banks abound witli Ooil ami Ilaliluit. A soutlierly current prevail'; aI(o:i^ the srli^le west coast and oftofi sl'ikIs ships south of tlieir reckouiuf,'-. Iniinediiitoly south of Cape Srott, is K'(iMt.)iiir, e.u iiiiportmit ijilft stretch- ing across the Island iiiaily to I'ort K:i[)eit (j;i tiio euattTU Ride. Tiio natives in this harbour aro laoro primitive tlm;i in any other ;yavt of tlio Island. Tliey are a mild and linr;.>ii(.;s people, ahuut U'26 in iinii'.b-r, iiiid apparently diTuinishinj,' yearly, yvl tiiero arv more younj;- people and cliildrcn tiniongst tiiem than in other tril'i'-; wliirii liave more int»rco\;rse \v;lli Uie v/liitc rAces. \\'liilD all the oilier tribi:,s ilalten llu; licad« of tlitir chili'.ren l.y -irap- ]iin<:j them on a board, tliesc peo[de simply compresa the head l)y me;\M.i ot :s linndivereliier, and I'orm it into a cone, tlie vertex formiiiL'; tho apiw. Coal has been found in tliis inlet, ol' the sanso character ftjvpiirentiy ns th.at at I'^on llui/crt and Nanaitno, (;nd will some day Ije (vorked to ailvun^iw-e, "Woody I'oint separates Kositsiita iVoni Kayo(iUi-t, icdistiiet '.vhieh extends to Noolka Hound. The natives here aro very niinierons, 1-ut were moie su ■.; few years ago. There is a I'eud between them audi the Nuolka tribe, ",,';. > liuve killed a ereiit many id" tliem. No(;tlca Sound is a deep ii:hd pussc->siii,i;- i'esv !iar!;(;urs or j;;\'i.'■ ;i;ii] (dl of level hind hears maroS of old oecii- patioii, indlealing a \ery nur.iei'ons j.o;i!il:iti'!a at lU'.i-; iin;e, tlujiigh the ',v
I'ludd;.. bottom. Tlie n,irro-.v arnr-! mo;\: reseu:ble the i;eig)ilior.L-iiig si);ii,ii:, (-.v-eot. ir. geological feature. A giudsso-gr.iuiti;- i ud^ ( inelai.iorphic) 'orii's the e, .\is of elevation, fissociated with vvlii di ;ire liornblcnde itn 1 eoart^e gre.iued (p;,iii:.iiS(j rocks, intrudeil tr.ips and (lUi.r;/. veins, indicating :; region, y;ioit ['rol';.'d^, rich in mineral wealth, r.arclay Sound, rituafed eb^se t / iho entrance of the Straits of Fiiea. h.as i, Tcry impoiiiint geogriipiiical position, A somev,liat open sound stndd" I with, numerous i.o of 'Jo miles, to a level country of cemsiderablo extent, heavily timbered, with the litiest specimens oi' pino and other woo'ls, ]ierliaps anywhere to be seen. Thiougii tlils llo",vs a stream disehai'ging the v>'ators of a chain of lakes, which penetrates northerly into the interior. The anchornge is goo.l, and tho whole sourui^ cau;il and har- bour, can nowhere be excelled in tliu facilitii'S tlicy afford, for tho defence ar.d protection uf commerce. Tho natives number aliout 800 or !ui,., wnd here, m; «lBeH4R'ie, iiicir solo occuiiation is in obtaining supplies of food. 21 Hear?, rivcoon?, m'lnk, hftir, and fur seals arc numerous, deer of two kintlf, in lar;4c Itonts. Froin this locality was sorit tlic magiaficcnt sjitir, erected in Kcvv (lardcng xe a fmf^-ptafl". Arriving ncit at Port .San .Vnnn, liio aliove impciTect sl^otch of the coatst line vi.iiii hiirl;oLrs. kc, .vc, of Yftiicrniver Isiiind is c-<3nip]etc(i. HF.Ti;oji()i,r,fi>'. \vi Mw- ^/:'r.crnl ;u', ri-i'Uiciovy ri'inurks, ii des'.-ription fif tliu nr.turo of the »'iini«l'j of V anroui f:- j-.flr. lu.'cu iucidentnllj t;'i ven. The roll((\vin,n- mctcoro- I<);;-io!;,i i.ii'-ervftii'iiiF. vavinj.^ referciirc l,o i)ie Tiii.dos appended, will show the '.•ha/nrt?; *>f ti;c godscns wliicb iiave pruvftiled on the const generally, for the '.i^'^t r. fu'cii TffMs, find v.i!! i'urt^.cv olncidal.i ihe siihject by poinfinq,' out the v*!isps cf the dilTerciict: coserj.-ii;.-;?. IjetwccD ilie littoral and inland iuKuhir ^:lin-ft.t(.v. '.in i! 0. wes'LCi'ii side u\ ilic- Ndr:':. Ar.-:f'iioan Continent, the sntnmcr heats vire miidiiw'd -Iiy the 'oon-al cnrrcu's and ineltinjj; snows of the watershed?, '.■■."l;i!e '.it: vc^■"r!l,y cf wiator is r^ol hicrc-asL-d Iiy a swi-epinc; arctic furvent such ;>!»•.• ivii'-!-."- t':e KaK'eni .'-'li(jri.'A. .<.;>■;,' ■ » uri-ci;i,s do .'-weep dow,:, iiGwevcr, and m sumnier are felt far South, br.U-.v the hiUtudo cf K'lu Francisco, bul, HKire diifuseri, tliey do n(/t lower the ^.LMiif.r^'/air.re ui n. c.c.rresp'jiidiiij; degrc-e. r.iui the coast, open to iiie warm rays o( tlie wost'-n; s'.m, and the moist ucsterly Wiiids, presents to ci|ual latitudes '..•11 ii:'i '.'iiNUrn fiocc, verv iine'l.:r— Tilt -old wtaihcv s-^t iu on the 2Vth November, when tiie moon was *t fuH, clear days hnd siiarp frosty nights continriea till the KUh December, vshcn tlie Ctjhnr.bia v.-a!^ covered with lioaxing ice, and sr.ow began to fiill i;eaiiiy. This <;ontim-.ed till the 18lli (7 inches of snow on the ground), whcR it hccame mibi, with S. E. winds atui rain, And open weather continued to the -an to lall on //,t r>/// ./"(f^.'/.i;-//. On the 2Uli there were 17 iiicbco on the grounii, v,-hich however wa,-- all |j,(Mie hy the 2oth. The nuixinuini temperature for.lanuary was •!7" Fah. The iV'.inimnm te!ni)erature,, 2 1° I'ali, on ll:c 2:'.d. l].l,-i,:,ri/—\\'i\< open and u\ilil, du Ihe I2th, L,'Ooie!)erry l)uds were opening: some hail, showers and frost towards tlie en 1 ot the montii. .Mixln-.'-.m tem- perature r)S°, minimum 2G°, l-^ili. J[,irc!i—\.\vu\Vi]f weather, .'-li-ht snow storms in eaily part, but so jiartial that on the 2d, early plants wviq coinin;; into leuf in slieltercd spots, native hemp was three inn llie 7lh. the catkiiis ot the palm willow in full bh.iom. l»u the 2Mli there v.-as stiil snow on the pround, and buttercups in lluwer. Maximnni teuipcratun; OO^', n;inimun^ comiiic^ ink; _)^;„.;/— lli^-h winds alteruatii!,^ with calms. i-:trav>-berrifc bloom on llUh. Maxinuun temperature i;:>°, minimum :'.'>° Fah. J/(,y_l,-, litio (dear days, 12 overcast, l rainy, (hi the 1st, Plains covorea •^rith verdure, the turn (uip lily, iieartsease, crow.'rfoot, jompiil and many other flowers in full 1)loom, camass Uoweriny;, si>rin,4 wheat ai\d peasri-u:^, early jiotutoes above ;;round. On the iih. campaniola and !ui»in couiine,- into tlowe]'. M-ild ciierry and service berry comiiiLi' into blossom, and wild veieh tuiwerin^' in warm places. On the Gth, api)le tree in blossom, strawberries formin;.;-, 7tlK potatoes itlanted in March and April coming up. 12th, earlv beans in bloom. 18th, wild rose cominrr into liloom. 2.")th, strawberries ripenin--. :'.lst, wild gooseberries ditto. ^Maximum temperature 70°, minimum 3'.)° Fah. Jn„r~-1?, line clear days, 7 overcast and foggy. On the 14th, niiecn of tbo meadow and golden rod in bloom. 17th, potatoes dowering. Maxi\num ter.i- jicratvire 81°, rainininm 47° Fah. Jttlii — 22 line days, 9 overcast. ^laximum toixiperature 82'-', niininium 52' Fah. 11th, barberry and raspberries ripe. Ou the 17th, first donble ro.sa on Vancouver Island came into llower. Aui/ust — 20 fine days, ^> overcast. Maximura tempcraturo 71)°, minimum 53* Fah. Oil IGth, distant thunder, high wind, N. E. 23 in tliiit il HIl'UV lie fltltt rain or 7 iiicbca ;;i5 tt'iB- :. niitivc Till, ihc snow on linhiium covcrcul liv other \is. e:"iiiy () ilowoi', '.Dweriuii' iniX, 7th, 11 bloom. 'li^t, wild tn of the lum ter.i- iDuiix 52' t; I'osa on mum 03* Sryj('/i,'>ir—2i fi:io days. G overcast. Maximum Temiioriitiire 71°, niinhnum ■""/-' Fall. On tiie tlli. heavy dews. OcloL'r—20 fine days, 10 overcast. Ma.xunuin teiniteraturc 70°, niiuiir.'im 38^= Fall. .\o>r>fi!»;r — 1,'! fnie day.?, 11 overca.-^i, IJ rainy. On the li.Uh a lioavy pale "■*' wind, ((^It siimiUan(;ou«]y aloni;- the whole co.i.st. Maximum temperature .''.^ ! liiiimum .':2" Fall. Df-'Uilicr — 10 fhio day?, 10 overcast, 4 rainy, 1 ?.\\o\\j. Fra.'or Puvcr frozen ■ji) llie Itli, ice niiickly broken]). Muximum tcmneratiire •IS'^, minimum MP F.'.h. Tlie aliovc trive.'! the 0, a good eompar.i- vivc esiii.uate of elimptorial vaiiation. (kire niKst be taken, however, to boar in mind, thi*.i. in conseipience of i'.,^ ir.-nhir jiosition, wa.licd by an ocean haviiv^ a remr.rkal.dy lo'.v temperature, '.he li'inntl clino'Ue of ^'ancouver, dilfer.'^ materially froni that of the Inland plains and valleys, ther(;fere the Ivej^-ister No. 2, for ISGO-Ol , kejit on board one of II. M. ships, is peculiaity inlerestint: as sho\vin;i- what range the thermo- meter' ^".kes in the shade, when removed from all possible inllucnces of radiated or rel.'eeted heat. To tliis cau.^e is to be assip^ned the difi'erenccs in the mean d;iily temjiei'n- tnres. observai.de on comparis(>n of the different months in the two year?, both nshore and alioat, and not Fimjily to change or variation of climate, as will be seen by cxamiiifHio!! of abstract Xo. 4. In the (luarter ending ,'J(ah J nne, J8G0, the highest barcmctric range was in April, .'JO..")'); the lowest, '.Itb'i.v. In the same month, there were 17 fine uays, 7 rainy, and (> overcast, with variable and light wind.? from IX and .*-^. f-^ea water .'iO° Fah., the hygrometric observations siiow an average difl'erence of .5° 7-10 Fah. between the v,-et and dry buibs. Average temperature ,")1^° Fah. In Mmj — the barometer had an average range (^f .'io.o.l-. There were IS fine days, 9 rainy, and 4 overcast, with variable winds, chiefiy frotu S. W. '■^ea water 51^' Fah. Tlie thermometer average 5.''^], v»-ith 4^ 1 -10 Fah. diflerencQ betvrecii wet and dry bulbs. June — 20 fine clear days, G rainy, and i overcast. Barometric range, aver- age 30.02. Average of thcrnionieter 01°, and diJI'erence of bulbs 4° 7-10, tSe-i water r>5° Fob. -■■1 ^j.;.)-.^i line -Aays. fo,-— ^.3 (ip.o ^■^^■^, 11 rainy, 7 ovcrca.st. Average ranpe of barometer 30.0!, thermometer r^P Frih., hygrometer 10;uir,5. Sea water 50" F.^h. \Viu/is N. E., variable, cr>!iii.-. y,:)7,rwiJ.^r— 10 liiKM.biys. 12 rainy, S overcast. Average range of barometer :»0,!R, tliormomoter 4C'.l'^ Fah. hygrometer 1° 1-30. Fah. Sea water 47.}° Fah. ]';;'i7a:ling wii'.d.^ \. and .'^. W. to E. S. E. Dc^C1nh^■r—]■^ \u\^. days, 9 rainy. 7 overcast. A\evage range of barometer 1^ ac, thermometer. 4 J- "Fah. hygrometer. 1° :^-0 Fuh. :^ea water IM^ Fah. ^VJnd.i N. and X. E., variable, tViMiuent calms. 1^'];. J.inuaru—\i) line days, II rainy, 10 overcast. Average rango oT barometer, 30.01, thermometer :^.s= Fah., hygrometer, 3° Fah. Sea watov 4 i':'-' Fah. Wind^ vurialde. iretinent culm?, ^ ir.lruary—'d line clear days, 7 rainy. 1 1 overcast, I ?nowy. Average range 01- biiromcier -0.9 b thermometer 44^ F;ih , hygrometer 3^^ Fah. Sea wator 4 \y- Fah. AVinda ligiit, variatde, Creqnent calms. \VarM— 15 fine days, 4 rainy, I'J over cast, 3 snowy. Average range r.-f barometer, 25.02, thermometer 4'i° Fah. hygrometer '.'..l" Fah. Sea Water 4 bV Fa!). Winds, light, variable. ^Ths importance of a knowledge of the remarkable ditrerences observable i:,"! t'le.^e registers, kept, one on shore, the other atloat, is obvious, both in a sani- tary and agricultural poir.t of view. 'The humidity of Ibe atmosphere can be only estimated by the above avcrag.5 diiTerence between the wet and dry bulbs. The absence of thunder storms is a remarkable fact. Distant thunder :.» lioard at times, but very rarely does t'lo electrical discharge takn place over Vaticouvcr. To these tables of Meteorological Olvservations applying to ViM-.couvc-r, is sdded an abstract from the register kept at the camp of the Royal Engineers at Xew Westminster, as published by Capt. R. M. Parsons, R. E. Clear an.i concise, it shows at a glance tho nature of the continental climato, and is most valuable as a means of comparison. New Westminster is situiited on the riglit bank of the Fraser, 15 miles from where that river joins tho Gulf of (Jeorgia, about 70 miles from Victoria. Ass nught bo looked for, the ditTerences in temperature. &c.. are those of a coutU neutal as compared with an insular cluuato. PA.IIT HI. I i ! i 1 rl (> r : ;; POLITICAL UEOGIUrnV AM) STAT18T1CB. TiiK popuLition of the foloiiy of Vi-mcouver, f:;rliisi ve of native,?. :i;tnii. cr-' from 4000 to 5000, ami ainouv;?! those iivo roi.re^eiitr'Jivi^ of iir.irly cvtr}- European nud Amoricaii nntionalitv, with a cousiLk'ralilc twA iiu'n.wMiig pi'o- jiortion of the coloiirr.'l riw(s. and of Chinese. The native [) piilution, estimated at is.Cioo.is, r-euer,i!!y. in a very deyriulfj.i .state ; eiforts are hc-injj,- m>ide \>y uiii^.v.oiiarT oUTp;yinen of v.ivions churehos t.. l>rin[,' llicni into ponielliinp; like civili/.atiun, and ito diMiht, in time ('n If.!. jda.stie niind.< f)f the yuun^-. sneh eood work ^vill hfar tV-.iit. hnt iiou :lie i\d\i\\ ninch cannot be e.vpeeicd, und the native in thi.s way, c;r.i only 1-e hjnkeil njioii pro.spoctively, a.s a nn'i'ul element in liie hmiy poiiiie. Ocearfioinilly, indnjti'ion--, timstwiTlhy individnal.H are to be nsr-t vritb wnong-st them, bnt a.s a bo.ly. their hilioMr cannot !>- li. ■penile;! on, eani. \s it',! o.!io or two H!ii,fht c.vecption.''. at jircf'ent forms no point ( I (■(ii,:-i''."iutii)n in ti.t: labour market. Tdke al! nncivili/.ed races they liave an in\ii:eil)le di.siike'...' hard and continued riianwal lalior. but they siiuv.- in tiu.'ir ruiio cavviiiu-^ aiwi imitative jewelry, an aptitude for lu.ndicrait, and their acJitcne.-:.-; iu ! iirtu: in rennirkable. The dialect.9 of the varion.^ tri!»c.s are licrived fnv.ii ihe fivi.' rree.t divi.-i-n;? o^' huip^ia.ic .sjiokeu on tlio liiain land. I^eep S'uttv'.ral- eh.'.r.ieteri/.e thur, iill. Aud Irom the constant repetition of .'^ounds tliat can. only 'm; e.x[!re;;.-ua.(;:es. with a mixture of tiie nati^'o dialects, tlic words strung tosether, without the ili;j;htest attempt at gvamnniii- Cftl construction. The energies of this people arc fit present only called f'..rth and direrteil tv. tlie p'nrsuit of the chase and of reventj-e ; deg-raded, tiiey do not scrupie t') iive Iiy the prostitution of their women, and under tho inl'luemje of •• lire-v.ater," commit great crimes. On the whole, however, their behaviour is wonderfully good, aini the Hvrtlfr need fear no injury or molestation .so long ns he kre;)s the natives at a i.roper distance, manifests no want of confidence, and avoids giving to, or taking with tbem, intoxicating drink. No census having been taken, tho nuiT.ber of the Mdiitc or Colonial popula- tion given above, is merely appro.ximste and confnicd to cstal)iisV.ed rcsidenti. There is besides however a large lloftting population, one of great importance to the colony, viz. the gold miners from the Upper Country ; unable to work dnj>- ing tho winter months, tliey eotno down to Victoria and there many cslr.l.di«b 2G tlicir winter qunrlors. Tliey fipend a great deftl of money, mid, open liaiided n4i(i nciicr.Miri, mo over ready to hoi]) a fellow crealurc in diHtresri. To tlie I.oiimir of the liritish Oolumbifln gold miners be it told, that competent authority lia- >!( dared nu more orderly set of men were ever met tojielher in the iiiirsail of ir^M, t!ie eiieampmont, or town at tlic Cariboo difTKings ^jeing on ii >'i:iid.4v nfUM-iujon as (luiel and orderly as the c^treetri of Vieloria. rireini!Slaii!'i'> and tiiaen '.ave chaa.^a;.! diiioe the early days of Californian aud Aiislraliaii .iridd di;.;:--iii;.;'. 'i'hc search for that metal has l)eeome a regular ,s!.ead\- liraarh nf iaiiu .-try, and like all men who explore the crust of the earth for valuable ores and jirerious metals, the miners fire distinguished by .steadi- ness. iiiiii!,-.try, and m.irkcd inlidlii;e;:ce. (■■lu: eleiiieni ui di.-ct.'rd ahme cxist.H in the cdirininiiity (for political dill'er- f.iices ;..>j lor nolhiii':-) aihi lli.'xt i,> the iinhait'py (lueirtion (d' the soeial in.silion of tl-e culortd raee.s. Jt is a (jtieslion which can only lie settled ijy and in ti,ii;>. Tir,' sadden jar and eonliict arisir.g- from RUackin;j,' loiifj,- established ;de.-.s and lirtj \nliri'S. irive rise, in liie kindest natures, in the mo.-t intelligent mind-', to exli'ciue views and \ioI(-nt measures. CiicunisttMie-'S ciinneeb'd with the relative i.osi.tions of the two races, more rvj-eci illv Mu tlic North Ameri-an Continent, render it impo.^sible that any niddcn r.Kiliiiou or nco-nitlon of cqiKil social ri-hts should take plaee: and while on t!:r en;.' hand these ri;^lits sho'ild not h<: a!)-;dutcly denied simply on :irrt,.ni( of ,//.-■,!, neither on ll:?. other hand on-lit liu'v to be too loudly a..sci-'e.l on a.;count of wealth or ackuoNs HMl-cd jajlitical slaUis. Nvdther side ;,;.■.( ,•■:,,,■'. .M.; miM't liie otlier. llie tran-^itiou to a, dinVuent tone of feeling mu^t'-'O sl'.iw and L'ra.lnal. the ;::r, and to tlie ..ecupaliohs tiiere detailed must be added, those very important classes, the tniucr. llu: stone cutter, the house caritentcr. the artisan atol skilled laborer in ovei'v bi-ai:< h (.f industry, wliose numbers are too few to supply the constant demand for th.eir bibor. The rales of wa--cs are hiodi, a shilling in any jiart of (ireat Britain being bore represented by a dollar, -Ls. 'M. Thus a stone cutter makes from four to 5'lve dollars, tlmt is sixteen tu twenty sliilling.s a day. The blacksmith r.bout the same, ami. depending on his a!)ilities, ])0ssibly much more. For good shoeing smiths, excellent op[iortunitios offer, the cost ol si;"- i.'.^ a horse being in this country, three dollar?, or twelve shillings and sixpence. House carpenters are jiaid ac'cording lo the unmVier of hours work ; in gcn- cr.il the wa>-es average about the K.-vme at the other workmen stated above. 27 For fill oUier Inhniir (lie jiroporlion liolds j^nml ; wIuto a man ^ci^ a sliil- lin,'? ill (Jreat Britain lie woiiUl j.:'^t n dollar licrf?, ami ho cduM live Is'tUr anil ior ]e.«H UKiiicy provii'dl he had a ijoftn^M; of hi^t own. Inih^in-MnleiiL df liii'd donicHlic licl|i his only iniTfa:-i;d ifMO of i^xpeinlil nrc would iii> in thu articlo of idotiiing, und tliat is now inijiortcd ready niaile at vitv rhca[) rales. It will lie .-aid, if \Yag'0.s arc .so liiL^li, tho expiMi.u'.s o\' livin.;- will he i_'ouiini ii.-uialP, iiiid what then will he the necessary e.\'|i(Miditurc of indivitl'ials :"ind of families ? To snch families as nii;;ht, Ije conipi.lh'd to i-enl iio.; ;v and liire lioiiiestic .ocrvant.-^, the exjienso.s wnuhl 1 c heavy, tor these, toi/.thi'r with (d(.il hln;,' , i'vrui tho heaviest itcni.-i of exiienditnro. Hut tliere is no I'easoii wliy fvery man should not he iii' own landh-rd. and in a new color.y the inui'c iiiii"|ieni!eiil nf ihinieslie lielp that a fainiiy may lie tlie better for the prosjieeis of that I'amily : in no conn; ry in tin.' world can a •,vorkii:,fi' nian earn s'Kdi wa^cs. and. at ihe >ame time live .-o clieajdy : ami every man with a t-ar.all capital and the exercise of paiicnt imln.-try may soon luive a liou-c of his (.\vn. Tlio fidlowln^' are tlu; prices of j)r,)visions ordinarily in use in domi'.-lic life for the years IS.'.!), U^oo and i--ol : ].S."i:). Ucef per Ih. Is. CMd. ; .Mutton. Is. 3 1. : Pork, Is. ;;d. : ^'e.ret ible.^, .')>}. per Ih. ; Fhnir. Lid,. !^(;.). Hei'f. Is. Oil. : Mutton, 1p. :M. ; Torlt, Is. 0.1. ; \\;\]. Is. od.; \'ege- tables, -M. : Fh.nr. 2d. l>r.]. Jicef, .SJ. : .Mr.tlon. I'd. : Vovl. ]od.; Pork.;).!, per lb. : Ve,--etabies, :^il. ; Potatoes, Id. jier !l). ; i'ioui-, l:d. per lb.: A'.'lieat. Oats. Darley. Id. ])er lb. (l!i;oci:!UKS. ktc. Tea, .''.s. p'.r lb.: sn^'\r 'hard', I'd.: brown, do.. .";d. ; eoU'ee. Is. lei. per lb. : e;,';.'--, from :'.^. to Cs. )> ■}■ do/.eu : butter ( v.inter). '.)<. : (Cheese. Is, Hd. to Us^. : bacon, 1.= .: l!an;s ' 'v.'^li.-lO, Is, ;:'d, jier lb. : Amei-ican, Is, Id,: pearl b.arley, 'Id. : iic(\ ,".d. per To. : .ar.ples. -liI. per lb. : piidvle.-. If-', ty'd. per bottle. Pish of fine (piality cm .ilwiys be pro'Mired at a eiie.aii rate, and abnmlance of exec':i"nt o--;ter.^ are I'oimi' in tlie crfelv-:. The market i;^ usuaby well supjdieil v.'ith wine. Ijeer. and .-jiiri'i;-. wiibdi are sold at moderate rates. Ale .'vud Stout ran;:" from }-ij to Li !o>, per hhd. V.'i.NKs. Port in wood, per .u'allon £ (Js. Od. In , class, per ib'/eii 1 !*> '* Cl.u-et. per cask 10 '■ per do/.on IC to 12 H S.'lEUUY, in wood, jior gallon 1 *'> " to I In class, per dozen 1 oto 1 12 " •> fine 1 12 to ;: Materials for hou.sebuildine; arc plentiful and cheap. Lumber costs L'.) So Ji?, 105. per 1000 feet.' Bricks lromi:i lOs. to .III I.'..', atiionsai'd. Lime and saud in abundance, the former costs 2~. u bn-^liel ; convenient lemporarr residftnce.s can tlierefore, both in town an.d conn.try be ]n;t up very cheaply. A mechanic or workinj^ man can buibl a convenient, comfortable hou.se to riccommodatc nix jiersojis for from.CluO to £150. Of coui'so, for a smallor family, proportionate fractional sums. 28 In the town of Victoria nu>\ ollioi' sctllcinents, six roonied-liousR.s or nnat rdtn^ur- wiih nil (.•niivonient miUiuiiiei, built of wooil luul idrvsicre'l, coift, nx'cordiiii:^ to ftlyli', from i'JUO to £100. Of .iiiiulstouu and lu'ick ut nu iiicfciiBOil (.■•{iciiiio of oiiu I'uurlli : of brick uhjiio, one tliiid more. Aci uii-LMdv siMtfd, JKHivu I'tMil.s wTC lii.u'li; \^ to 111 jifi- cent, per niiiiuin, lieing tho UHii.-tl niLu of intLTusl fur lu'i'jk i)Miidings, lo lu fiii per cont. for uuodcn gUiict i;ii'!5. Tlie tov^i'.s, vilbiiroK, and sellloni(!nt-( :U present existing in Vaneoiiver, nn- Victiii-ia. K-ijuinialt, and Naiiainio. At I'ort llupcrt, in tiit- nortii, tlie lion. Iln Istin's 11:!} Coniiiany liavc a depnt. and at HartlHV Soniid in tlit sontii wfPt tlicrc is :in (':jti!Mi.diinc!it lor llie cxpiirt (jf .siuirii and of lumber. TliC town of \'irtoria, .Minuted on the eastern .side of the harliuiir al.-eaclT (iMeribci!, hiis sprnnr; into cx-i.-teiu'e ihirinj;' the Inst three year.^. ()ri,<,MM:'.!iy the site of a di-noi ami trading;- cstalilishnieut of the Hiidson's Bar (\;mp.ii!\'. it !i:i>, nndi;r Ihe inllMcne, of the nei^hbonri':;;* t;'idd rej^nons and the pr-.'.-it nai,ur;il adva;ititL':"s. I'resent (\iid prospective, of it:- position, lieronie n pla;;c already of >..reai. iiiiporlanee, not only to British Colonists bnt to thosr also in .Vmeric.ui territt>ry ii!on;j- the whole seaboard of the Pacific. A I'lee I'ort. if, p'l!-' no r.'str;!inl on rLMiiiaerce but admits witlioni, duty and bnrthencd with i ;it tow r!i(U\2"«, iili llie nece^-nries as widl as ail t!ie Inxnries of life, all tlie l(H.,ls, implements, and m:icliiniry ne(;dod for tliose indu-trial pnrsiiilg which develop the wealth of ii colony. Already it has Ix'come the emporinui oi' commerce, the inftrtipoli.'' of the north-we.SL coast rd' America. The site If rto rii!::iii-;il;l(,' one (the only drawbuclc bcin^'tlie compar;i ti ve inadei|uacy of tlie Imrbonr). A .swei-[i ol' le\el bind broken by a Ilmv ravines, rises .L'ently to ii iiK.'di'rate eievation from liiC roc!;s which bound the harlioitr. The Koil it j)rt,rtly clay and uarliy graved, the oiiiectiou.s to the I'onner can bo rpadily obviated by ilrainage, for v.liich the sloping declivities on every sale aiford i^veat facilities, St.". rtiiii;- frotn the corr.er of I'ort ami Covornment streets as a centre, Avith a radins of three iiuarters of a mile, the plan of the town describes two-thirdR of a circle .stretchiiu;' round the hiirboiir. The streets, of good width (si.xty fi;ei;j, are c.jiiveniently hiid olf, crossing each other at right angles, the ])lnn inchioing sclicad and chiireh reserves. From any point of view Victorrfi presents a clmrniing picture, and. inTords a ."jtriking proof of tlie energy and industry id" the lininau race. Twenty years ago, a v.'ilderness ; for many years iifterwards, occupied onlj by the enterprising traders who lirst brought civilization to its savage tliores. Vancouver Island long lingered in neglect; its important goograjihical position was, liowever. at length recogni/.ed, and steps were taken by means of a coni- jdete marine survey to doveloj) its maritime caiiabilitiea and uther resources. This had been coiiimcnced, when, at the touch of the '•golden wand" wavei! on the bank.s of the Frascr, Victoria sprang into existence ; th« forea* and the brn.di dis.appeared, tents were pitched, and building,? run up, saloa of land took place, the plan of the tiew town was formed and quickly grew inVw shape. Diirin;jf the months of Juiio, July, and August, 1853, eiglit largo and power- 29 r nn;it , cost, , being .vucdc'.i rer, nrf V Hull. Ill \S'fPl n's T5aj nut\ the cuiao a (,) tllOSP A I'lce rtliencil life, uU lurBiiits iporium c site \f iiacy of tiitly to e soil ie > rpailily le airord tre, Avith ■o-tliirdR th (sixty ;les, the Victorrfv .^rnry and pied onlj ;c chorcB. JHKSitioU )f a com- ;)nrccs. u wand" thi fore si ), sales of grew inV« ,d powor- ftil stcnmers ran coiislfvntly hi;t\vcen Saii iM-auci.sco :uid Victorid crowduil with passengers and loaded with freight. A .sul»;ie(iueut clieek to imiyration took place, but notliiiiK has impeded tlie steady iulva.U'e of tiie colony, and renin rkaMe progress of Victoria. From any point (Hi the western side of the hurhonr, the observer pcpb sweeping over a gently rising plateau, the town sjiread out before him ; in th« fore ground at hi.'i fi.ct crossed at varifitis points by neveral bridge.-^, is tht; wimiiiig arm of the sea, along the bold rocky shores of tlie ea.slLTU .-jle of whicli are built wharves and storeliou.«es, where lie vessels of b!1 Hize.s, from the coasting schooner of ten tons to the clipper craft of five hun- dred. Tlie .stores, the shops, the lioteli', and re:-tanrants would grace a town of r.fty insti'ad of three years' st'inding ; the iMpid growth and increase iiiny be judged of by the fad that of brick ouiidingd alone, lifty-si;i h.'ivc been erected during the ]iresent year. \uni.,'r(,us cliurches and schoolhonscs, belonging to Cliristians of nearly all denominations, tesi ify to the anxious c;u\;, bestowed on the reiig'.ourMii- 'itruclioi! of the eomniunity. An Hospital for I he relief (d' the .-ick. an^l a ciiaritabk; insLitu'iuii su'iporljd by tiie i''i-cnr!i rcji^lei.tB, give i>ioof i!;;U suf- i'ei'iiig humaiiily is nit. neglected. Hook and badd'.T Comp.uiies li:!V(^ bcfMi form-d. to stiiy the s^-onrj,': of firr, a siiiail iiut very eiliciciit rolicc force ii:.8 bue:i c-taolished, and l!:e imui; .mly wants the introduction (;f gas. to vie Bucccssluily wilii many a cd.inial c'ty cf i!"!U('ii older ii;i to. Tiii.T is about to bo ell'octcd by til.; ■• V!cl(;rii Cas Company , .fnim st^rk Liniiledi" whlcli Ims its operaiiuiis in ro;i -ideriiblo pro!.;:r'ss. '1 he Comijany ])ossosses a capital of 1 i 'i.'i'io. which nicy b-. by '-necial resolution, im rcastd to .::i:o,iiOn. Thi^ and the •• nrilish ( 'oluiubia and \ ict'ivia " ;:;;ei!ni Navi^ntiiui Oumpany (also limited), are the only join! slvck assi;ciaiiii::;; In ih" (.'^.i<.i,y : this lalter runs threu bteamer.^, built specinliy fn' the trade on the lra,-er ili ver. One great drawback to Victoria is tii-' want of good water on the siiot, the supply at present, isbri)Ught from a distance in carts, at a considerable (-xpeuse. It is to bo hoped that a water comiainy or soiiie other u'.ccury. m\.y si.on be formed to r.-move tliis great detect, and [srovide li.e colonists with a full iupidy of that great elemrut of health, at a ch.eap rate. A great oversight h;i? occurred in hiyinc: out the nlaii of the town, no x-yy\vi:» or other open places have been reserved : the present, to the exclcdon ( f the future vants of the community have alone been .atcnded to ; and a great error has been committed la placing the cemeiery where it now is, a locality objoa- tionablo in every way. The evils attend.ant on iiitra-niura! internicnts, have of late been forced (m every one-oobservation. and although ju.,' at present, the pu!- air of heaven l)lows freely over the town, the time will come, when, witi.out eiiuares, the fiir will stagnate in the long rows of street-', and the emanations from the confined burial ground, prove a fertile .source of disease and of death. Not only is the situation oithls ce.aelery bad, but a worse io'd could not have beau cliOiCU. hO A tonncioua retentive eliiy. it is (jiiito unfit for tho purpose of a grnvo-ynrtl, wliicli must, »i3 llie [jopulntion of llie colony incrciiec-^, he removed to some dis- tance. Many more iuitu'ole spots conid easily lie f'nnnd, and arc to lie sought for in the sandy gravelly soil, wlii'di in many parts sUirts tlie tov.ii. The less cleiuiii;;- thu better, the pine, the yew, and funereal eyjiress give (diar.aeter to the scene. Having no .stpmrcs then, let the ])rcseiit cemetery ho converted into a pnhlic ilower garden, let it still retain it- sacred character however, aih! while the eyo dwells^with delight on tip' glowiiig colours of nature'^ cluuteat hlossoms, let there lie .-hade mid i|niet for niediiaiiim and repose. The Ciovernmeiit buildings, slrnclures of brick in ,a fi'iune-work of wood.nra situated'on the iSonth side of.fanie.^' I!ay. They comprise n cenlral building, with Treasury and Land ollice, (.'ourt House, and Ih'-isler ollice appcndeil. The only other public ediiices are the Jail and Police oflices, buiit of solitl ^tone woik. ,Seve:al ::hip building yards li?vvo been established in the harbour, and many rfinall river ^ileamers have been launciicd. A riiundry also i'n;ip!ics iliu wauls of the c imupinity, and affords means of rofiair to the machinery or(ua>t :',uil ocjan stcaniers. Among the puldic plnccs of amusenp'ut may ho mentioned a Theatre ami f,yceu;ii, a Li:)ra;y ass'irialcd v.iih a '• Litvrary In -tlt_iiU' '' is spukeu ol'. The Athletie have a ( lymaasium, and lh(' ;idiiiir"rs of liorsc racing enje>y tlieir favourt'u.' sjiort, on a vei'v beauti;':il raj e-cours" w iiir'i runs round Beacon Hill. rt [iro'.imntiuy overluiMiing iho sea, aliout a mile iVwiu tuwn. .•^li-lilly .-ketidied and brielly cnum'tnlad on. sncii is the iden and general appearance of the town of ''.'ietoria, i.i liie neii';hb.)ur'.io i I of v/hi':!i, fi'dm many [loints. tho views are ^trliiing, t';io laud:,eipe at, once griuid and b >aul;ful. (.)ii a (dear, ci'i -p, aiit.umiml (-;• siiriiig uhirning, freim t'lt nur^ncrn .sido. a beautilh! and iut(.re-;t.iug s'^e:^.' mc.'ls llie li'. holder's eve. Ii.iuieJiately before e.nd Siju'.ewiiat belo\v hii.i lit:) ihc luwn in rcjuise, the only evidciice of life, the tliia !il;ie Fu-.oko wh::h fiom nuKier'.>ns heailho lloats upwards in tho motionless air. T!ie grouping c^f the houses with the tona of the colouring th.'^tt prevails is m.j^t pLvijing. l;i the lirst f.iint hght of thu uiorning, the various slyies o( rirciiilectiire, ascume fantabtio slia'..es, p(iinlf;d gables and ornamented roofs, stamlin;.' out, clear lUiii bharp, the shadows dark neutral, the hghts cool grey, the ^s hide warnjcd by the depth of cohuir id' thu brick houses and other edilicc;'. Away on the left, in lh« east, Mount liakev and the Cascade Ihinge have caught tho sun's first rays, and a bluish of pearly light is -dealing over the heavens. The sea. still ami unrnflled, stretches over to the lout of the great Olympian range, \\ hiel'., clear and deiined again.st tho southern slcv, stretches its massive dark blue leir.rth alone", and faron tho ri^ht, where hang the heavy clouds, night is gathering his mantle around him, and is dis;ipeeiiri\ig in the west. As the day passes on, and the sun approaches the zenith, tho same clear fresh air, [ilays around, and an elasticity of hotly and mind io felt by all. Tho character of the scene has changed, however, a bu.y hum filh the air, and man at his daily toil. T.iese'.tis likoa mirror, numerous tiny craft, with drooping 31 siiils, (lut its surface, ixiul Bceni iil tlio Bfvmo time suspr*! tin •'iO »ir liv tilt' rffrsicliuii wiiich eicviitos iiml bringn into view tlio clilVriut Uuu^. .ness tfrvuhi']- iiiy tlic ol)3erver of iho cii;illc ^^\\l\'ied of five niemljcr-: iioniiiia ted (iQveriior. The House of Assembly courioSs at present of khirt rea'istcrtsl votery. ecu nicinbcr s eiocie ,1 I. The following list will show tho areas iu fi'iunre miles of the lowi:; ;ii:d districts returning inemberfi, witli the nnmber of voters iu each )f T( Disti rvaiiio ot iowu or Uislricl. Area. aNo. o Victoria Town 3 sqr. milee .... '• District 12 Esquimau Town 1 " District 21 Nanaimo b'O Lake District 2,". tSaanich " 37 Sooke 25 Salt Spring Island ... 95 f Voters. No. of .Menil niher milee .... ..■:,:>] (I .. '.n " .. r.o II .. Gl 1.' " .. 57 i( .. 2J •' .. 15 i: .. 2U The House of Assembly, presided over by a S[>eakcr, is elected trienni; 111 tho Ai>pendix No. G will be found a list anil abstract of the Acts pa since the beginning of the first Session in March, ISUO. illr. B2 A Coldiiifvl .s'ocnt.arj •ml a Culonml Treaenrtr prcHlde over Spechil Dcpar*- TiifMits, nil AtlDniuy GciienU. r Kogistinr Oeiicnil, nml Clerk of llu' \\riH, ''otiiiiletu tlio sti'.lV. Tlip JuDiriAUv of the culoiij datcd from fin onkT in Council of Itli of April, iK.'i;. wIhmi 111 !• .Mnj(;.5t3' " did CDimtitute ft Stiiirfiiic Court of Civil Jiisti(i' tit' thu Colony oi Vfiiicouvcr Uliiiid, with u cliiof jiistieo of said court, ii lici^istrftr of said court, mid a sheriff of Vaucouvcr liilaud,'' "An 1 Her .Majesty did fiirlhcr authori/'.! and cuipowor .•;iid .Su|ircuii; Court lo approvo uiid iidtnit D.ir- ristors ii::d Soiicitorf, tli'' foiiuer to be inciii'K'H of l!ie Ions of Court of iiiig- luud and Indaud, or Advocates in tiie quarter Sossionn of kScotliiiul," kc, k\:c. i!y I'ateut froiu tlio (jovernor tlio fuu'niou.? of the Chief .liistico arc «?(- tended to criiiiitial matters. The common law of Kiijlfttid is in forco us were alio t!io statutury htwv, up to the time a f-o;;-'-'hitive (Joun'dl and .\.s.senildv v/erc ';'i\cii. Ttiero are t\v,) hianclie.-: of tlio Suiiremo Court, vi/, •' the Sni.rcine Court"' and tlic Summary or Inferior Court. The former has orif;'imil Jurisdiction in r.ll mutters involviu,' t!ic reecjvtry of .1 s;iim exceeding' liffy I'ound.-! with annppellalc juri-dictiun from it.-; interior iiraueh to an umount of .L.'*>. 'I'hf,' inlei'ior liranch li.-^j an (.ri;;'i;i.'il /luri-^dielion ill al! matter.-t up to L!j'). 'i'h'; Cliief .i ustieo also acts uudi-r I' ileiit from tlio (jovenuu' i\s .)i:d;:c i f llie \ i'V.'- .\dmiralLy Cour'. of \'.ui('ouv(m' Inland. Therj is a l'oii''c .Ma^i iva.to with an enii'l''iit constiihulary rorue. Four or tlvu per-oii ; luid ■• ,'U!ii! -•.• itois i\n .luslii'cs of t'lc Pca.ec. whose (luti"s uro coii'iiie.i to '\'i:'lo;'i,. luid i''s; Ihirri-^ters simlfour praetisia^" •tr'olieiio. ... T.i!-. iipj into (Mii'ide^ :'.lion tlie iiui'.iro of Cue poiiulaiioii of Vaticouver, v.;ryi,iu' a>' it .lo-; t!iror,;;ii every •ie;';rrc of civiliT'.ation (Vom sava;i:i! life upwards au-i amoiM.'.^'u i'epre-iM'.tati\'es of nou'Iy erciy iialionaJlty uio cr t!ie .''^uii. it would m;l ii.' a unit n- if surprise if tli;> r.vrAT. rriv-* of he l'ir>;C! ie. iheir relative pro[M)rlio!i.'^. jJut. a; show:' I'y llu' :i,')it,ract of rlu'.i'-w-i a;"-.inst <'.o:;virtion.; iiUi.l seiiti'r.ccf', Appendi.x; Xo. 7. fi^r .a j'eriod of years, tlie.-e statist c? are i'our.d to 1>o in no war remar H'S. wa'.:;i ^Ve'l'.;';o 1 I . th nuiuNer (d c!i:U';:' a ;i!:i,i!!or umoiinl 'I'iie charg'i.'; 1; iii^ categories, vi :h! e, am I certain] ■ si o( crime than i.ii_:rht have Iieeu anticipated. efore the Police .Mairistrato i\ he tiiemsidvcs into the low How. ,, .Misdemeanours, Common :LS.sault, As-ault wlih weapons, Larijcnv, Felonv. .Selliii''- Soirits to Tmlians, rio^-ove'.v of Waces, Doserii.ni. I:i 11': \' !>. th.o cliar.'-i-s under the.-:e lioa.d-. were ]Ols. of these were -ietid. ;ii h aco:;it;». :d. 0. in. this year, charg'cs were T.">S, canvicllons .")-lS \C(,u; v.ul '. '). In l.'-'Jl, np ta June, there Avore ;j'.'") charges, ."JOG co;ivicti;j; 'leouittai- iii:i ■'si;:.;.- ■ition of the cr.Icndar kIiows that t';o critnc.3 broti^lit for t:-inl v.'cro Murder, .Larceny, Perjury,, IJu; [tivv, aiu 1 obt .uumrj gooi!?i on false pretence, ^ l''roni ,N'ov. ISoO to Xov. 1:-'C1, tho cn.-os tried of all classes, iiunibereu. ol, of tlu'sc IS v,-eru coiivictcd; sentence of death bein;^- iu no case carried into cxccutioa during; Lhiit period, tha severest scntanccB being 18 mouths au'J two 83 iJU. I:i !'2 ',vcvo ions r>-is iviciionF jears* imprisonment with liftnl livltuiir, 'i'A cnscs were discliargtu either through occjiilttiil, or " tiu |»roHc«.'Utioii " during tlic iircscnt year. TiiK DiKKKiiKst KKi.KiiDi-s DiiNoiiiN ATinN.siirc thu8 reprcjctited in Vancouver Island. Cliuroh , witli clhcicnt stall'-i "worlliy, mill {\n:\v .-cliouls aro well atti'u.liMl, An iiuU'ii'.-iiJeiit InstiuUiaii, callt'd the Contral ScImoI^ conJuctcti on the; Canadian sysicaa, has lately Ik en opeiKMl. Snniiay Scliools arc c'uni'.i'.;.;'il hy lailie'-and tcai.lii" s, lacjiibcr? of iho dif- feront clnirr'n.'.-. There is, on all hand.>, a ,i;\'i:rral roco'j;iuiiun and just aiipre- ciation of tile incalenlable lienc fu- ami advantaires to he deviveil from a lilieral and rcii.,io!i.-; eilncation, and llu,ii; is no doald ImU thivt lU' the Colony advance?, so wii! ihi; edr.eatioinl ia.-titntii ;..s eyi»ani!. The ]ji;erary iiroiluclioiis of if.e (v;l'ii;y arc al i>r':>enl liarLed to two daily new-ji i;ier,~, w hii.'h have eaidi a. v,T.d<:y a.- v.( 11 !i.:; daily is-^ue. The />/','V<'.vA l'')ivu,.'ii and Di'llji I'fcyy. are t\ie ttvo enteral :.-:n;;- ;^aj;^,■rs wiiicli re|M'ei,Ti.tr.li(r l^.'is' as a weekly li.apci', in May, ] S.lti, it wa^ ;/n!di,-hed three liiiies a v.-er k, in .Inly l.^';!'!, live times a wet'k. In Jannr.ry 1 -^'ll. it hecanie a diilly ji'.j vr v/itli a weekly i.isui'. The ()ri;;in;ii eircnhition was Lfnn, the daily a;:d weekly lo,:-"l lier (aeeordMi^' to dlitorial -latenuait) -low nirailer lo'ei, The ludees rh.r.rged are, fur the daily. C:; I:.;, lilt, fur the weekly. .!; 1 Is. Oil. per a!iai;i!i. The /><://,' /'/•.■•••■, was st;vrted on the tUii oT March, l."'-!', fi.- a three-titncs :•. Aveekpap M'. Imt a-fler a n\;;alh I land it nee '-'-iiia'y not ,Mily lo ei;!ar/e imt to i<^sui.: dai.'y. It lias a .seini-wcekly i.-.-ne lor l!rlti.-i! Colaiiilda n'.ni fi.rei.-n eirt iil.ition, Jt i:;' worthy ier i'lveniiiL;' Lee- tari'Si\re n(r,\- fein_Lr di'!i\'er' d oac;'^ a f-'i'iii'viit in N'irtcria. 'J'iie snhjeet.-^ lectured on ap to this time arc- " I'oefry.' • ■ 1 1 1'i.orv. Topalar .Wivelf-: -, ' '• (,jlci)lo;.-y." "Cliivcdry," '• Dritisl; Civili: ction,'' ar^d tl;i' pro.eriimnie eon- tains farther, '■ ^liricralr.e'y," ii;;! •' Uead';' -■eiii-e.-'- (^■' a .\li i!,/'.:y Ciia[dain.' These leeinres have been 'ienerally well a,tfii-ieil, A belie! in the ,")ab^.brity o!' the ellinat ■ •■i \ aneoirrcr v/as irn.r a.'.o exp;re-sed, timl the expenem'e of t;:e last !■„ \v years, when imi ir.ere^.-e o! popaiat.ior. i;a,-: gi^'cn a b'dtc!' me.uis Oi" j".:'', -ii',-^'; ha.s :u!i;d<- c.iMiir.ned t'.'-' iia] i^ -sions and assertions of thu.se nvIio ;ir.-.L b.'ciinn' ac-i'i i^nted v.itli the r. :i',>:i. No endeia'.c disease is known, aiul the only e[iideiaics that h .ve a.s ycL vi.:it(^ 1 tin? l-huid liave been Inlluen/.a, Sm.all-jii^-; ('anion .-.-t r'le nati'. es ). Ci'.-.l ; he milii.ir forms (d iniaatile diseases — smdi as "'■b/a-es, vVe.. ,t,e. ^Vilh snch a population. hev.'C'er, as is to be found \v tb" m !,;-!ibonrho,id :d' all irohl ro.uloiis, especially where the d.r b'irji;i,;;r, nature of I'^c alcoholic :lrink,s indul;.;ed in and the licoalionsnes- (f the .-urrouiniin.,- .--r.va.re life which Mreva.ils. are taken into account, it is not ;o be woii'ler-.'d at th.it e\'en in this tlie most salubj'ions of climates, innch disease ,".id niisciv sdinnld e\i-t. AVith the pxcoidion however id' the di-^'aiscs indioa-^l by .".ad accoinpanyini: the above forms of vice, the list of '• ill- that lb s!i ;>', h' ir lo" b- in tlds eu-intry, small, and cunlined chieily to pulnnniai'}" and rliennc'tic aH'ctiijas. The-^c ociair in io\vevcr, amenable every uegi'ee of uilensity and vai'ie'y (d' o mpli'-at 1 !■ n'M. all. I Iu treatniimt, except in constitn' hUhjIioI. Theso alTectiuus of the .l: I ;s nc'icaaineii i-v - v IS anil iioisoni r,;r- I, f uritic, are due no ib)ubt to sud'hrn .ab^rr.ati *u v,..(iiti*;c(1 tramc?, aiij. uio rliouni -•'1 ^jy jrgat:Sj pnoumonie, bronchitic, MIS of tcnipa'ratnro nctinu; irrespective of the .I'/'TKii !o:i ;>.j • praiso 011 tho the dif- t apiu-e- (i van !.■'.'?, wo ilaily ve^eiil tin- II weclvly \>^■0^, live vly b.'-uo. di'il'ii;.; to Un; di'.ily . -e -times !'- lit to i'^^tio iTiil.iliou. [■ I he t'Oiii- 'uiii:;' iiCT- ' suh'n'i.'t.^ ioVfli.-'-S imiic I'or.- ;ii;iphiin. o\rire-st-('. ;l;lVioi; il:i- -sio'.l^ ilTl'i <0 IMl>h-l:l.C tlio l-hi:iii ,!!■ i'onu,-: dl ■•iihourhiK"! n iiU'ohijIic I- life v.-liicU ; in this tiu' . With tho -■ the :ih()Ve mtry. -Mniill. >:;c oe'ur in ;r, amt'iiiihle nni^oncil by •. hroncliltii'. utiire iirtiui^ uf the •■'/"■'''(*' Li'.aiw euhl. Tcr V. hlch ui.iliiiguiilics mo.-t of tlieni, to uiiJuo cx;'.:).^!irc to wet luij The remark.- ah'eaily iiiaile un tlio j'ecuh.ir nature cjt" tiie eliinate of the ruiith-eeoU.TJi cxtreiiiity of the l-Iand, \\iii reaililv evijiaiu to t'le iuifiircr tl;o i'e.uou why at \'ietiii'i.i .- iieh ilieases -lioDhi he thi' in-evakMit tv^)ed ; the I'..)*; sail ;iu,l cold wii.d.s of (lie .Miiatiicr luul autiininal liiforal jiiniate, find tlie U iiaid v,-i!it,er .■■ea.--:'n, .-h''W thi' alaici ;;.herie inlh;caec'.> wliii.-h a.r; in (.oierali ;:i ';u the human iVani?. .Vt tlie ; hy no mean-! e.\'ist in e^jual ftea'a all over the h-;';iri 1, and tua!. ilnar injuriMUs inlluvn-'e i-; CACfled only en coii.-tllntions deldhtaled !iy pi'i.'viiins di-iM-i' nr hy !nti'm[!era!:('e. 'i lie .•■l.aL'.-t> 'ai ;'..'li;n!s from oiic of il -v Ma_j.',^!y".-- .■!;!;,•■ ]yia;'/ in 'lie iiarho :;' I'l" l!^<;!lill;alt. vive. duiau;^!; a. lariod of i,w(dve inondif a fair eriierion hy whi.-Ii 'o jadj;'/ of '.iie mUniM.- (f tiie elim.-ile in -•o far a.< v-'>:-a:a'LS its sahihiilv. l"\e!u.cjii!^- fi'oiu Tneie returns ail riiieh ea.-e.^ :i.s are liav to aerld mt or oUior 'an^c- not pur.-ii- ri'i.:-'.'orial. ii i,s iunnd that oat e-f u .-hi'.'s emafiany ir.ua- heilii::. on ;in a.vrau'i' alioul ',•<') \nv\\. ilicre w.re entered ou ;!ie Sicii f/i^i ii:;r- ':\\j^ liial perioJ of lin'e, t^v;) liuiiilieil and thir'y-i.lirri.' ca.,- c-.s of .-^liudii, eatarr!;al ■ . .l'..i;i iiiii.-'. — of di.M.a -es of the nervoi;.:;, re.-piraio^'y. and dii^e-tive sw-iteni!-' : :ar riifuniali.-iii .in 1 aJd •■a,-'! '.■"mniaiais, in ia^'t. a laui i^e 1 airiy re_;ardel 'a?, it-'in.; alia iioilahh^ ','■, i'/ mal-Maalij- ineae:':-'-d hy, ciii^iaUaaal ajva(di.-:-. ('i' tlio.-e ea.-fs of .-'elvai .-,< l\s'o !ran.h'',d and live were ai-eliai _ed to chi!y, ;'\'eaty were ;aaK a-'hort' far t!ie heaeat of ho..;;;; il t;'eatnie!it, ail hut ij^ic i eeovurln;:, and id-'iit \'--o-o iavalidi'd eitliur as ini'urahle f-r la^airiii^ lio:;aitil wvaraieiit ia iiiij^laa i. Al a lir^t ;^lan';e, the aiio\a! i'vt. Lal;'ondln;r eoninvinity in eivil life — : inec, Ir nn tiiL- a;;"are of the ;-!;rvice, men wlio eouhl do an ordinary iay'n .I'oriv a^-iiorc, mn.-i !•/ e"*.'r.;!l on. the si;:;; list, rimuly frov.i inahiiity lU'Oi^iiitly a.;al 'fuiel^ly to ji- rf..r;:i thv'i'r 'haties; the '."-'t erilorioa, therefore, of the a'vavity <;f the atf.ieks i.aar'in^ under (lie ahave dllierent aa."a)Ioi;ieal e.iteu^orie-, ivill !;C fotiad in die a :.' rre^rate and -eimr, te nuiiher of dayi' siekne-- : ISls in tiie 'f~iru;er. ,u'ivi:'.,_' a.n T'era,;- : of stven au.d (uie-half d.iy',-! .■didvues- fur eaeh case^ b'l!; one I'.e.fdi !;';t in'.-'ni; .h'j most of the eases invalided hriu^' suhjeets of orij'- liiaily dchilitatvl eon- ii;ut;on~. and aired nicu suii'erinii nnderclironic disea^a'S. Tiie v.;h.vde f;t.r, ' e't' fhov'a-o aaa'y,i;U.3 to seven or ei;.','ht days' .-li-Iit illness in tho year I'roni icverh'i eahls . eou...,'h,-. and rhia.m.Uic eoinphuutSj in 'j:;:; cascj cat of ahoat riUi.) mun. Tiie ir.e.lieal nrot'e- -i.ai is v.'pre^ented hy air.iotiiaoner? frran various eoun- trie.--, tho lield is ijuite neen to all "r any lai 'IWieiilion, n.o legislative enu( t- liieiit exis'du;,' I'jr llio i.ro'.o:vi-ui of t!ie d'aly cduiaiti'd ;uid lei;al!v ( ualif:'- 1 medical man. nor, in this imporiani aartie:;ho'. for ih'.' eotaniiialty :;l I rp'c. An [Io-pi!al, orii;;;iatin:r in tin' henevolent exi'i'tions al' ihe ('lia[ilain to t::3 iliulson's ih'iv ihMiip-my an-l tiie foil cc Ma'_':s(ra'ie 'U' \detorin, .vas cU: hiijhed tcuiiiorariiy i.i a small ii LilJla^; ia the Tj'\n cif \'icloria in the \erir h ".^. In SG the snmiuer of the folIoTririp jcar, a building cnpa?)]e of providing arfommo- ddtion for twenty patients, was crceteti hy Ilis Excellency the Governor on the Indian Reserve, at an expense of botw<'en £-100 and £oU0. Tho institution thus established is supported by subscriptions and donations, and is under the management of n Connr.ittee elected annually by the subscribers, tho medical careanl supervision being vesU'd in one or otiicr of the resident practitioners iu Victoria, who, alternately, take monthly charge. Since the opening of this hospital 350 patients have been admitted, and an equal number of out-door cases liavo been treated. The diseases have been of a general character, such as are met with in all communities, the majority being acute and sub-acute forms of rheumatism with its various com})lication3, chest all'ections, and a few cases of paralysis. The great proportion of ca.-es have done well, but the " locale" of the hospital is bad for riiest or rheumatic complaints ; situated on a j)romon- tory washed by the frigid sea water and exposed to the bleak spring southerly winds, the patients make but a lingering convalescence. This is the only public charitable institution, and it is s])Ocially intended for the care of the sick needing shelter, surgical and meilical treatment ; but for the provision of the distressed, to the high honour of the community be it said, no special institution is required ; an open handed ohavity pervades all classes, which cheerfully alfords assistance to honest poverty, or soothes the sorrows of uulooked tor mi.;tortune. It has been stated to be the intention of the Imperial Government to establish in Vancouver a sanatariurn for the restoration of the health of invalids from the forces serving in India and China — the plan if carried out will be found to succeed admirablv. For all diseases of functional derange- nient and nervous debility the climate is most suitable, eminently partaking of that great qualification remarkci some two hundred years ago of Thigland, by a Royal personage, a keen observer, " A climate that a man can be out of doors in every day of the year." Even for chest alfections riiany most desir- able localities can bo pointed out : undulating land, sheltc-ring hills, gravel soil, fragrant pine woods, fragrant even to oppressiveness in the balmy north- ern breezes of summer. Removed from the sea-coast the sudden alternation.s of heat and cold would in a great measure be avoided, and the open out of door lite, so generally pursued in new colonies by all peoi)le, would soon set up the shattered frames of invalids from the tro])ics, restore the weakened nervous nowcr and remove hepatic and other obstructions. The energy, the bustle of the struggle of life going on around him, would rouse the dormant mental powers of the hypochondriac ; while the new scenes, the new views of life and of human nature which forcibly strike the observer in all young colonies, would give a wholesome action to his mind, and a health- ful tone to his frame. Such an institution as here spoken of could be nowhere more conveniently or advantageously placed than in Vancouver Island. The only drawback would bo the temi)tation to desert owing to the pro.ximity of the gold fields. Aghicui.turk, Holdings of Land, &c., kc. — The soils wliich arc found on Vancouver Island hare been already described as consisting of sand and 1 on the itnlion d(;r the medical itiouers and fin been of nMJority ciitions, cale" or roinon- oiithci-ly intended cut ; hut nity 'le it viules ii.ll othes the nnienl to u;aUh of irried out derangc- rtiiking of io;li\nd, by be out of lost dc'sir- ils, rrravel my nnrth- [ternntions ipen out of 1 soon set weakened liin, \^ould lew scenes, le obscrTor d a hcalth- onvcniently back would s. re found on F sand and 37 gravel deposits, of sandy loams, some of them calcareous, and, in many places, of a very rich deposit of humus or vcj^etaole mould overlying a subBoil of retentive clay. The ori}i;in of these soils is due to the sands, gravels and claya of the boulder drift, to tiio decomposition and disintegration of tlie bed rocks, and to the decay uf vegetable matter growing on the surface. The land already taken up and occ(j[ued is held h\ companies and private Jiidiviilu lis, the chief holders being the Hudson's liay and Puget Sound Com- panies, k is distr'.tjuted in larger ami smallvr portions, the above companies holditig respectively 7,iiOO ai>d 2,000 to j.'Viu acres. These companies ami individuals hold by purchase, originally at the rate of £1 per acre, but this, howevjr, hn.s been since reduced to an up..t t jiricc of one dollar, or foui .sliiiliags and twcpeiice per acre. Tiiere ar\; holdings of land from one hundred to four Iniiidri'd acres, a few amount to upvar/.s of one thousand acres. There are also many farms <>{ frcMU forty to one hundred acres enclosed nad under cultivated grjispos and rotatioi^ crops, hands occupied by tenants are generally held by ngreement from year to year, and rents are paid in money. In all farming operations the sumo tools and implements arc made use of as in Great Urilain. In preparing the ^and the following measures are necessary and {generally adopted ; 1st — noulTK.'r and (jther loose surface stones are carefully removed, and for this as well as ck^aring the land of stumps, 'i'ndi;ui lab(jnr is avaiiable. 'iml — it is necessary U, clear the land, with pick- axes, of beilded boulders, the l•.^^.■.^ence of which would not be known until the plough came in contact with tiiem. Uitching and draining are the next stepg, and iho land is then broken up by the plough with a yoke of bullocks, which are much proferrci'i to the horses of this country on account of their steadier draught. Tin; land is r.ow left as a summer fallow until liie early part of October, when the grain is jiut into the ground. Tlie cro])- g('uerally raised arc — wheat, barley, oats, and ]>eas. The gicen crops are — turnips (Swedes), mangel wurt/.el, vetches, potatoes, and ',11 kimls of (Vegetables , cabbages, and pumjikins, attaining a very great >i/.e. Of the coreals. wheat does best; of the legumino'.;.<5 plants, peas are the mo~t jirolitaole. Nowhere -.'iocs tiie I'lOtato ilourish more, or attain a better ilavonr; it is grown in great qiiantities Ity the natives on ail parts of the coa^t. The Ilydah Indians of Queen Charlotte's Island hold an annual potato fair, customers reaching them from Fort Simpson on the mainland. The rotation of crops in viri:in soil is — wheat after fallow, then a crop of peas, wheat again or oats. ai\d tlien a filiow is made for turnips, and r - this time the land will be pretty dean. Afun turnips, a crop of barley or c.ts, [spring sown], is raised and followed by potatoes, the land being well man- ured and thus mendeil. After tills, farming (jperations arc conducted on the same rotation four course system as in CJreat Ibitain. Threshing is done by machine, but in some cases the flail i.s still used. The average production of wheat is twenty-five to thirty bushels per acre, 6-t lbs. to the bushel; of oats, forty bushels per acre, weight 3G to 46 lbs. Pota- toes tvro hundred bushels per acre, and of very superior quality; all vegetables kUCfi'dl ir.ucli Iirlti I' ill' \';ii!r(;u\ cr lliiiii ill Oi'O'j'i'". 0" \\',\-!hiiiliii; Tcrrihr The I'ulliiw ill''' iiro llii' i:mi:iI (iiniilit'r^ nf.-ri'il .-(lU ii im r ui'ir- -< r W lic;lt iM' nii'l 11 !i;iir liii-licl-. I'.ir!r\ t u o iind a ii.ilf. i';il . !'■>.■ :iipi. a liiiHtv) tlivci- I'li^ln!- ]i(';i,- two Ic t\\"(i;iiiil ;i liair iiii lul:. \cll lar !; !■:", ;ri'!ll J 1 'Ip it> 1(1 'mi-'m 1 f.T acre. All li'iiii, tries iicar (U'ofa-cl;- afi'l tin' 'V;,il i> cf'llic i;ii">t isialMv. Tin; aiiiin;ils ciapins I'd In I lu' lirM aipl I'iina vani . a re IkjIX's, v\ru i\:.'\ mules, the lallcr lu'ii:/ d }:Tt,'a'. aii.l .-;m-i ial val'.ic. I'i-- are ea-'ily r^'ariai, Awr'. poultry ii\>i). iSll!M'l> LCl'l"'l''l'lv (•(> wall, tlif Sii'illll I>'iv,ii ('-liii'iallj, . i\ Iiir;i i];) ]w-'.. tl;i Moril'.o . or - lil to K'.il ai l\\tiye;;iv ulii. ''.'licrr are al'iMi' r/UOO slu'Cp on \';(r. enii\ (■" a 'I'l I hi~ ;'i'i'.:l'.lioiir:ii., I lain!-. T'leaiuiual iui'rci- e ' ■■ iitiuut ',H) per y the \va'.;t of road.', An .Ai^-i'ienl'iiral and llortieiilliwal Soeii'tv iie.s 'oee-; idrnied, and un.- verv H 11 eee'S- fully- inauLin.ral v'd ia. ili^e animr.n nt' th.e present yy:.r. 'I'h.e first evl'.iii'^ ticm was I'-eld in Oetid-rr, pri/rs lirii'.;- aw ard.ed |.> |lic e^ldldlur- id' tlir hi-i liurned e.itt.l.',', vlieep, .■•tal' 'ons, and lu'vod iiiaves, ^tlioi .'V.'j.\'. lo-rd and fm- faianiny purposesl and al~o I'or pie:-. .\nioa;;'-t ihe eia'ca!.: -■[{■<■ w in at, hailiv , and (Jills, and niii'.)ii;4.-t, the 1 ; l; iiniinoi'.s pla n I s lor 'irld ;.a a- ; of tin.' root and leaf-plants-— foi swrnlish and Inilluek 1 11 mips, par. nips , uian;;(d-v\ in tzid . earrot.- beets luiij pota.toes, ealdia;jc-', Mpia- hcs^ ci'li ry aad loinators. Fruit eultuve \\ iU prove a ealn.iMe' an.d pa;, in^- hraiudi i l' indii-lrv. In thi- ji.'irtieular the capahilitics ot Wim oiivia- l-hmd e:\iad t hi--" 'd' the eontinent mid this may |irove an. artir',,' of rvport, t mni;j,di aj^riiuill iiral predml < ;;eneralb never will CriiiiKNcv. The (diirf ilillieiili.y (i) be met wiMi in 1 he ni.iit.'r ol' the enrrciiev IS l.lu' tact, that the b'-.al vtchi'i; af tu-r-.^uu: ^ vi/, : L' s. d. is insntliriently repre- .seiited by eoiiK-^, S(.) that a Ji.'ual Ivndi'r for any larva' iinioiint. hiM 'di;;' iVa.'idtiiia .' parts of u poMiid stcrlinp eaii haidly be malo. A.s tlie la\\" stands iif, pffs<'ur tnis ilirlieiilty r.-iii only br renio>-ed by (Miiniiii' or elst! import i 11 ;,f .st'.'riiio.;' coin,-', ''it her of w liii ii p r, lec. 'd a 1 ;.!.•; (xoiild lie e.xpen • .'■■ive, tiie b)rnier woatd. not east less tlian I [ler eenl., tlie lattef ationt 7 jier cent. The only other method ot i-eiiio\ in;'; tlo' d.illieiilty, woiibl be to it'eeliM'.'' the dollar legal inuiiey of iiceoui.tas v-eU us tUe ijounJ sterb,Mi(, Oiu> of Ilu^ ;:roalt'-1 nl.-lni'li'- in iiiT:uip;i\i;. Ilu- iMiivciuics of tlu< t'oloiues, Ji.'iS iii\ iiiialil\' ari=:cM out .ii'llif iiimina V (il 111!' nidiii'V of ;u-('puiit. liciiiij; ol a (]illVi-('iit, (iciioiiiiitatioii Vi III llic •Mill-; ill circiila; inn. Aiul the ('Njn ricnto of nllicr l\ril isli < 'oN riioiu'v i'l)ii!j- Inr \ aiif(ii:\ cr as tli( th llii't liiioiJinialicn wli'uli is licsl M-iirtv-ciilril 1' least ailoi'linu' I'otii ■-v-!rr.i.---as I.lo' I(;.:al luuiiic- nf acniMMt. ins, (II at 'rinil \' iiiMiiiviT i-i Ml, liljiTt y I'lj i;al'\ \ul 11 "till i- ilriiiOi Nurth Auicriran ilonirs, t(»ailuiit I lir la ! i re plan, tli r.n- /aniiol 1m' a ilo'al't . 'I'ln' ml 'iiisir pur liid) \~ a(i'Aiir.v\ !c,l;:;cil all (ivci-thc coni iiicnt of uctn ('I'll lllr 1 vvn rii;-i-,Mirics, w III North AnuTJca, inrliivlin-; ihr llriii-ii l'i(i\ inrcs, is '.'\ p>-r rent, in-rninim on :i'. I) J.l Fi'iJcral J'ai. ano is t.'nis ralciK^o'r.l. £ 1 ii;) o II s!,(.'ri)iu .>!.'•' l.M our 1J!!|! II llii.Iv 1' S ! I I II 1''(sKt;i! Mi;!\r\ .Ydil !iii!i' aii'l o!.M' ]v,i.\l' per ('"nt. 1 .; bl>-'i; I, 'i'iiis V:W of ('\rli.v,i^o l-^ vrvho'i! O;, rrfc.-ciic;' U) tl'.o coins, l!ri- ;nli-li so\ crfiL.' 11 ''on v.i !iis rnuns )int> !:n A inci'ican li 111. Iialt Isoji 1 ,!:> •_'■ -J niio I'l 1 -! n L'T: ir.r iron ,>). I !;; o;!^ 1' i O'l; •. t)V ]oi>, or, lli'i.j 00: .'r.) .. i l.'i." ) 1 ) .i..io,i( l.o-ll -'--}'.! '1 o^ ii.M.o-.':- Vm; I. so )0 I .lOi'i •j-ji;o,"iO :| liliii) :M 1 .:» ii;i. nil) ]ii(»T'J"it< :i'jssoii 7s i:.oo i;;h;(;iiii .L' 1 o r,,! i; I o The in-csvMit, liiMilioa^ par o r :-'.'i !^iT pioinil .■(crliiiu-, has .i tiMnU'iiry to innn- •Aato tlu; ciri'Moition of (lie Colony with li'i iti'il coins arc not, rcphtccil .U:coiint s;i.h's:irc invaiiaiily rcnO'TciI in iloilars aiol cents, t\ il, i.-. of ^I'cat iiauoi-taiu'C that it. shonhi con- i'ly new p.(nerci^n.> niiil to the (•oniniercial eoniniuni tiniic to he so, prevcuiiii.;- iTcuer nciL'hhoriav;- .\nierican st;ites, w ,-al iiiconveiiicuee in llo' tiM'ie tielwecn this am] hieh is vriv Iar,;v' ami niin.li. ir.cveasiu;;-. Alion'i t^nirty I'ler cent, of (he soverei;:ns. •ii'cnlaiinii I'l thi- eolonv o Vimcoin (T, are iin iler tlie leeal \vei[,Mil, which i< eiiiiivalcnl Lo i' ilcilneUon ol one ;ilM ) 11 ]?aU' IHT cent, at ti.'c liiuik of ]''n;'laio,!. 40 At the aforesaid Par the difTerent co'uia would .otar.if relutircli tin, 3 : £1 0— $4.8(;0 Or, £2 1 1{— Sio. 10 0— 3A:)r, I f>\— •>■ 1 0— 0.243 10 ;u— L'.r.O 0— ri2 t ji~ 1. 1— 020 ill— 0.01 Capital commands II liijrh rate of iiiicrest, LT) to 18 jior cent, jur annnrn can be obtuinod on the ffnf .■icc'.iritics. Tlu- .ijrent want of rai»itiil i.; .-'.lo-s^'ii by the fact, that on one cccasion, (rovonnnciit rci|iiinn^ money, even on stfclj security it could only be obtained at the rate of 21 jier cent, jkt anniiiii for four montlis. Tlic interest of n)oncy and increnscd valiieof lnvesfn)(;ntd in pro'perty, liav.' since 18,"S realized from 1.') to oO fier cent, [ler a.iHinrn. Any person cominn; ont to this colony and tirin^inpr from tR'o to tlireo tliOTi- sand pounds can obtain for that sum from £;^(vO to £1017 per air.Kini by putiini.^ out his inijney at intcrct on good securifj-. Tiic v.-eight.s and measures of the colony aro Imperial, llioii^h in practice the American gallon ivhieh is one-lit'th le.^.=; ifi frequeiifly usfd /'// n^/nninnt. Public feeling is strongly in favour of a decimal currency. .Vi'count.=i arc kept in dolla and cents, by Avholesale a.s Tvell a3 relail denlorr, (iovern- ment alone keeping accounts in .£ s. d. Tit.VDi': AND (Jo.\fMi';Ri'K. — Posses.-iin:,' at Victoria a Free I'liri. I hi' roliuiy fjf Vancouver enjoy.s an immunity from all re-;trii'five tiufios on tMidC and com- merce, and, considering her geograpliical po.sitiou, nothing coinil iia\e been more wisely determined on. For, gi'eat a.s are tiio inducements to agricultur- ists of a certain class to coiue and take [>ossession of the virgin sdiI of tlic fertile valleys and jilains, yet it must always In- rcmemfiered that these at the best arc but limited, and tiiat, agricui.'urai pursuits must /'.'/• fnrc talcc ri secondary position to those of trade and comuM/rct; in thecobmyof \ ancouver. Situated a.s it were on tbic highwa}' b.etweeu two gro it g 'Id jiroducing countries, her capital Victoria, the .•'■a-})oi't of the vast region.^ of IJrifish Co- lumbia, serves as a depnt (;r medii;!n I'l/r the iuterciiaiige of com;i:i diti--s. Already tile inliueuce of Victoria as a coiumercial depot is I'cli. ii, Dregon nnd Washington Territory, and is nov, being arkaowiedged in Caliib; iiia. A San Francisco newspaper — f/ Iv:ho du I'ar/Jir — of tiiisyear, thus states the case: October 30, ISCI — " Ileretofoi-e goods might remain in t/ond tlireo year.s! without paying duties : now tiic ter;.) is restricted to three mot^tii-. ;.,iii as cun- signeea are not ahvays disposed to p-ay tlie large amcMint of duties tiiey would be called upon to advance, the above restrictive measure vrili ha\e the e.Tect of throwing this busine.s'.g into tlie hands of p/arties in some otiier placi\ wiiere tho laws are more liberal. Commerce has mdlher country or afiecfjoni, all it wants is freedom, if that is taken from it in one pdace, ii ^^iil seek it iij anotlier, " For this reason it would appear that Victoria, a F'reo Port, will pro!^t by what San Francisco will lose, as tho shipper will find there tho advantages which aro refuscl to him Ijcre, and there (('. c. Victoria) will be the dep*U of the Pacific Coa.U." It is stated that the French merchants of San Francisco in tb« prospect; of 41 having 10 pay thcso duties, contemplate directing their next importations to Victoria; tliese fiicts ppealc for themselves. Tlio duct argument broiijrlit forward by those who advocate tlic abolition of the present Free I'ort system is based upon the belief, that no country can conciniie to prosper or become wealthy, without a^-ricultural resourcis. And accordingly, protecti(jn lias generally been extended to tiio agricultui ist. However applicable tiie principle may be to a country Intving wiihiii itself will 1 it the .'-aiiu' v.'ci'nit or all the elements of self-sujiMiirt, it does not carry importance, when api)liod ■\ 'cially to the developiuent i)f the resources oi ancouver Is land. The agricultural portion of IlerMajesty's dominionson this side of tlio'P>ocky Mountains, has been unnatuially and unwisely .'severed from wiiat is destined to be tile mercantile and inaiiuf i:'luring districts. This is self-evident if the geiulc be allogellier n-noved by the will^lrawal of mercanlilc- ca'i'r.al aipl p ji>ulation. Vi'hatever ene.iurage-; coimacn e. din'clly ciicouragi'S agrii'ull lire. i'.ritish Columbia has great miiouMi weaiili, and iibiiiMhiiil af rii iiitui al re- sources. Vanrouver Idainl has great mineral weaish, agricnUural re-ource- , and vast cominercial raiiabilities. Wvc uHlm i',: dr:.u\\\ is elciir— it is n.ithinir less, than to li" the g-reat commercial mart of the world, to siipidy fae I'acitic with the manufactures of the world. A nnrcly mercantile or mauufacluring country can generally procare food at a cheai.er rate from one llmt is devoted to agriculture tnan Iti th liv,' can r.ii ;e it for herself, and the only disailvantage ari.->in<:- fr(uu this divi.-ion of hibour would be the tlaiiger of war cutting (df the supp lies. The relations wliich exist b .'tween Vancouver 1 dand and Ib'itisii (■olumbia, f;rcvent the i>o^;ibility of such a contingency, and the Si>ecial capabilities and resources of llic two Colonies clearly sliew their mutual dependence upon, and relation to, each otlier. The scope of this essay docs no bearings of th e case, an t admit of a full consideration of the whole d the great and manifest importance of the immediate 42 J Ulll'tUMl or:^ •Vum License Act." i:\: r an a;.iiiu\lin i :tml lisli oil coal, lumber, anil sjiar: me, I'lj.ni ^lupped oir annually, m ^ from real luul ■tr, s'new tlie anio mil of ■ i.ni lr:;ile, fui 1 t!ie r.ril- \',iucouver, with the relnnis umler iilc ratio 01 the luiio lliL' •• TraLlerf lint of burliness doiio m tae hoiiie or c )bMiial t:a>b. lie a^'uTcira u; vain^' ot uDO'ls mil uMirte.l into ilie Colony ol' Vancouver for the ! ).'rio I of tWi luonins enu iiiL- oi'l-h .)une l,Ni;i.). was il i:)'.i.iT: For liie t'.V'. r.MuonMis enuin^i; .. lot Dceembe ber, l^.luiiibia f''o! Iclraet of imiioit- in !ii Vietori;!, to l;:hi b (.'olunibuv, Appeiulix No. life. L 1, liie li-t ci'inprism. all classes o f -oods and coninio lities ut' ITuder t!ie Tra b'S Liceti-e Act. of 1 •<';ib retii nis are made half yearly, of the iuiioi; ;it x^i' bu.->ini',-s ;rin.-;,f tcil. (as [ler act '•shall nav hall \ earl V an a>sea;- nuMit upon L.;c ilurincr the tin". ■II)-'; :i",,iillil t of the money, o:' eqiii valent f^r money, Wiiien, ueni hs iie>a nreeedini';, -hall have been rceci.vi hv mere imnts and ir: nionlhs iie>a ] oi ail classi ') and. aceonlrn;. to th, i\i: alreadv releri'e d to 111 dor 111.' iit';:.'l o: mi. lovnmnt of the People," a tax isimi losed bv rs I'liii'ii'jii c ■;essors a|ii d i'('r tiial purpose, the amuu it of which tax must be iiaid Into the trea-ury ■.v'.'.nin ten i lavs ot the hnal passing' oi the assessment by iv lioart 1 of U.L'Visu.Mi. Th.e Uelni-.i? are for tiie f^narter —the tax for the half year, , ccori j;ii-- to tucse rci I'.rns. i I v.iU be .-eeii tliat tor linj three months ending list Deeeinbor. ■.0. the Miioiuil ot biisiii ess traiisaeted was .i;'JO."),Oo:). Fur the tnreo mun dis endim;- June ;(nh, i.sdl, .i:ios,i:.(). For the liii'cc '.ucuitin e m'in'' December '.> 1st, 18tn,,Cl!t5,8yO. The . of the h v;s;s avpeu'ii'i I wilii tliesu returns tj;ives a eicar vi c\v of the natnrn mie iradc as applie. 1 to tiic Colony, w'liieii is i: hiellv retail, but is not c-onfined to reside it^ lii the i,-land, pnrcuasers h'oni ai 1 ilie settlements in the Hound. (W'ashiiiiiton Territory i bein- anion r tile best customers that trades- men have. The wi 1. de-ale tr WH- 1- cr •amped and liniiled in eonseiineue if llie delicient supi (IV Ol ,u' oons, v.iiit fcrior de-crip.t low. ma. h are tor the most part sent out in vessel^ of a very ui- and often brin^diiij; damai;-ed ear^aies. lou'-' vovaeo A; ;ilre;'.dv rtated. no aceo nut of exports beinsi' tak'Jii, it is di llicult, im vjss; Ilie, ill' fi arrive at a.ivthinti- like a correct e tho m ost inioo ■t.;.nl itirn, vi/. -timate of the amoiint oi' tlic -old in dust andliaisbronglit to. and iilliinate- \y shii hiuned from, Vi'''a>'.-M.. Tl 10 t;) tin: iiniuuity Jiro For llie m'^'sciit vcar, (Uk\ can lie a .-■.•oi'taiiK'fl. hut nut less tliau twicai tliat uiuDUut mii.>t bo taken ftd the lowi'.-l computation. Canbuo coai'.-c ilu>t i.s soM in \'ictoria at from Si.") .".o lo '.-'17 .">o per (<■/.. Amalgam porly rclortc U.o\''. on the Frasor Kiver, at Iroiu Si I ti pLi' o/. Wei', it I wnie no t. thi.s t;oh.l wcuiM lie worth per o/.. The coar .s? iiuia oum 1 nil the western iMile of tlie i'lno .Mountain rnn i I ) o ' > .;■ o ecu • 1 ran' 1-! le. le aiiove r (t!io (Vxr lyiiiL;- belw owiir^' lo the if.iantity of rilvcr mixed with i to Si >': -■"■ iier oz . alnable than that touinl on tlie I'iastern an:7e and the Rock v Moiintains. T ii.s luicriorit''.' i.- t, and it onlv i'etclu'.> fVoiii Si' The tine.-t e-uld 01 a 1 ha.M been fo'ind in Li,L;htninii' and .Ne!.-on ('reek:-*-— fivoraijin;. carats, l in th;; bar, ?foiue ( .f it as 111'.; 1 1 as 'j2'> •' line," about -1 Mjiiie o f the fin e am a I'Miii L'"bl on the Fraser iver. ruuK a.s io^.i a;' 00 )iH) ■•line. Tlic ^-ohl as.-aycd in \'ictoria, and run into bars, is aUiniateiy sent to Cali- fornia, and e-onerally sohl ;'.t a diseount of between L' and :: p';r cent, on sti.mp on liar T! us ilis;a) ii'^t is owiii'j,- to the scarcity of coin. If li.''re wer- Bulliciout com It. tL in the idacc. the bars would be sold ai about one per cent, die at the mint of San Franci:>CM, u\ count, to coV( r rate ot evLdiaii'/e or coina;/e in \'ictoria. d.id t!;e plaee po.-.-ess surh an establislunent. The establi.-hment of a mint in Vancviuver I.-l;ind. is a \ex<'il iiuestion: ii somo resiiecls it woniil increa.-o trade, c.-pecially in so far as dealers in uolu and assayers are coiiecrned, biin,.,' at tliu same time an advanli'.-e to llie miner bv savim? one or tv.'O per cent, discount, ami it would undoubtedly tend to in.- provo Victoria ami Vancouver ;^;enerally, by increa.sin.i;- poi)uiati(U!. If then were coins to purchase e-oM. th.-it nudal would lic bought and traiismilte.l by inerchanls as cash in payment of :4:.ods, and so, did'erences in rates of exchaii-e would bo save>l. The i;-old tiins retained for a time, would of cours(! ulti- niatelv be taken away. Tlie only iiormauont retention ot that molal in the slia'pe of coin, will depend on and follow tiic develoiuiicnt (d' tiie iilh iciiltarai ,'Viul inaniifacturin;^- resources of Jiritish Cohiinbi:i and \';i;ic,iiiver i.-hir.d. The mint in San Francisco, charges one (luarter per cent, for .assay in-.', and oiie-half per cent, for coining, lhrce-4U.'irter.s jier cent, iu all. nnikiiig a return of the silver which they part. Ti'.e returns are inado in from 1:^ to 1,' nay.-, and the silver generally found in Californiau gold dust ])ays tor assaying, so that the total expense is only one-half per cent. For assaying iu Victoria, the charge of one-quarter jser cent, is made on al! aunis above 50 o;':. Silver is not jiarted : the luirchaser of the bar (.-tan.prd intrinsic gold value), getting the benefit of the (|uantify of that metal tl.en in contained. Thus, a I'lir bearing SOO on the face of it. juirchnsed in ^'ictoria at 2 per cent, discount, and sold in Sau Francisco when the ]Hir viluv- \i r.'cj 44 " fine," woiiM bo mftUing J per cent, on the fncc of the bar. And if the snme party wore imrcliasinp; u bar 900 " fine,'' and scllin;^ it in Han IVancisco at tlie s>niio par valuo (S'jO ''fine,") bo would bo lo-^iriff a Iialf jior cent. I'ar value is cxphiined in till.-* way— If par vabio in San I'rancis':o l)C esti- mated by l);iiilc(;rs and others drawing' drafts, at HfiD i)ar, all bars under that stamp of " (ini-'iipss,"' stand at a premium. .S'j.') " fiiu\" would bo one-<|uarter per cent., 800 '' fine," lniif |ier cent., and "oO one per cent., becanse llic amount of silver in the !)ar increases as the •• line' nninber decrcayes, and this pre.^ miutn i.s paying the .-^ilver in the liars. On the coulrary, the liars increasing' in (ineiiess would be at a discount, because, beyond M.'iit jiiir. there i-i not silver einiu;:li to cover the rate of cx- ehaiiL,'e. Sinu'timos the bars run up to !>lo par, when the demand is licavy. One of the .Vssayim.' firms in Vicloric.. assayed and melted T.'iU ounces of gold weekly Ijctwccn the months of March and Sejitemhcr of the present year; in (k'toher. of ( 'arilioo ^'old, wiihiu a fraction often tliousand ounces was molted, .\iiollicr assayiii:.,' lirm has (biuc- much the saUiC amount of Im-iness. As alrendy stated, it is impossible lo arrive.' at any just estimate of the amount of };old bruufjht to Victoria this year: when suicessful. the miners' ■.i.jii il niic is secrecy, and the want ot coin in \'ict(,:ri;i. fur the purchase of the '■dusi,'' his ('(unpellcd them to take a j^'reat proportion of it to San iM'aiici^co. One enti rpriuuL;' lirm .-ilone, from Au.LMist, l.'^,")^ {{> the pi'oeiit time n»cccniiier, 1 ^'11 I. h.'is siiippcd to Siin Francisco i,Mdd dn.it and bars to the a;_;;4rci^'ate amount ol .T^.iT.'iO, 1 1 1 lU) — eipial to .tlT.'n^.O-'J 1 .'! : the details are t?'''*-" i" Apj)C!nli\ No. 1 2. It is calrule.tcd that next yer.r at least live times the ninnbcr (d' miners will he :i~,«cm!i!i'il at the ^-old fields, and full ten times the amount, (if g(dd e^ilractcd. \ parly of seven men with the money they made at Cariboo, lately leir, Vlcloria for ;Sa;i l'"rancisco to Imy lioo head of cattle and 100() mules with Which to return to llriti.sli t'oluni'iia in the sprin.c. ."^ueh preparation for Ca!,!;'' iieies likely to i\r;sc, iiH'ords a ;;'ooil indicutliui (d" what t!ie probaiile iiicrea.-e of population will Ke durinu' the insuiu;;' season. iS'.NNiso, ,',■(■. — iJiscoui'.fiiii,'' i,-, not in fasliiun with the liankers of Victoria. 'I'lie exciiaii^-e business is chiefly v.'ith ^',iu !"iani;i.-co : dral'ts on Por'hmd, Orp'^r.n. r. ."-^.. are also tretates drafts r.ro freiiueiitly in the nmrket, and can be bou^^ht at ft discoi.inf of 2 to .'i jier cent. (Mtveinmcnt and Navy Hills are soM at from 1 per cent, discount to 1 per cent, itremitun, anil rc'iniited to Knu'land. They form the hasis of nearly all tlio exch-vnL'c rCijuired. Coin is wanteil for both those descriptions of exchange; it is scarce, as it can generally be better ein[doyed in buying gold dust, drafts on Portland and ."^aii Francisco. The I'uik of Uritish Nortl; America receives deposits for which a charge is niad« of one-fourth per cent per month. It dravis on the principal commer- cial places in Canada and in Kurope, issues notes of Exchange, and discounts a little ; but does not buy gold dust or bars. ero is ona other B.uikinc,' establishment— McDonald Si Co. — doing busi- Tln 45 ness in much tbo same wny, but piircha»ing gold dust and bars, drawing on San Francisco and London. The House of Wells, Fargo k Co., in Victoria, do ft Rankinfjand Exchange business. Tliey buy and scil Kxchangc?, and gold in Imrs. (liawinjr on Han Franci.'ico and otlier principal places. Tlio amount of gold sliip{)»>d by this firm since August, 18,')8, hnn been given above. One great addition to the exports will be found in copper ore, late discover- ies of wiiicli in QuccMi Chariotte'.-s Island to tlie nortii, and at liarclny fJound fn the .soiiliiwest of the Island give excellent jtroniiso of viiluahle lodes : Rn'ordiiig the means of stimulating industry and extending comniorc '. Such, rajjidly sketched, is the state and condition of trade and comnicrco in the (Jolony of Vancouver, a state and condition at once snrjtrising and grati- fying, when the youth of the Colony, and the many drawbacks consequent on distance from, and dillicult access to, the .Mother Country are taken into ac- count. Its jirescnt stage of development warrants the sure belict in its great nnd immediate expansion. Vancouver, in her commercial relations, has ft noble mission before her. As an outpost of the Mother Country, this favored Island oll'crs to the enterprising emigrant, to the true Colonist, who will make ii his home, an am- ple lield for all his energies. The cenlro and focus of trade of the North-west Coast — the natural outlet for the stores of wealth produced and accumulated by the industry of man in the Canadas — Vancouver will, in tlie coming time, radiate the light of civilization across the whole Northern racific, and illuminate the dark and barbarian shores of China and Japan. Kver since the days of the nomadic Celts, the face of man has been turned to the Western sun. The dawn of civilization, for those countries, has arisen in the Fast on the shores of their own ocean, and civilized man, still looking West, will by means of trade and commerce, carry the enlightenment of the I'.nli cen- tury to those benighted shores, nnd develop the wealth of the lonely Islands of the North and Houth Pacific Ocans. The following interesting extracts from Ilazlitt's Work, clearly and con- cisely convey the opinions of Statesmen, commercial men, and travellers, and show, at the same time, the great importance — political nnd commercial — of Vancouver Island, while they are suiriciently comprehensive to embody all that need be said of the prospective field of commerce in view. " Fur Trade." Pamphlet by Mr. Roche. " Profitable as the fur trade bus already been, there is a certain prospect af its value being greatly enhanced by the opening to general commerce of the markets of Japan. In those wealthy and densely populated Islands, where the temperature of winter ranges almost as low as it does in the north of China, direct, and comparatively near markets for the furs, the fish, and pro- bably for the timber of these regions, n-ill ere long be opened out, the im- portance of which to the latter country it is impossible to overrate. Probably these highly cultivated Islands will be found to be so cleared of their forests that they will aiTord the most lucrative markets for the valuable timber of North-Western America. In a large portion of China timber has already be- come very scarce." 40 Mr. Karl, iii his work \i\>in\ tin- '• I';;isti.'rii .Sc'.»s." says. lliAt tlic jui.k' nl' iiic <'hiiiL'.-.G arc pi'iicrally uiiilt in ciilnr couiitrlcr' wlioro winul i> |il'.'iitil'iil. Thcii' r:u]. tlici'd'nrc, i»(« ii » (iucstidii of tin; prdi'.t of C'>*.ilili.liin;.' ii truilt' l)f''\VjiMi that I'iMialry iumI iIh' .N.pi'lh-\\'f-.t ('on.-t. ill i!.i.-< stui !<• |ii'i.>liictiun cf till' laiiiT. • The vii'iilci- |jnitiori ill' the «oiith ot' l'i.'r-i:i. '.vliidi i< \\1 ully liiir- U'li ill liiiihpr. aiiii a uiir.t part uf SnuMi Aai'.-ri 'a. uiiii-Ii 1- cij'ially :-«i. m;(.;lil jLsd all'iir.l (•\(.'i'll''iiL iiiarUi'ii titrtlu.' usef'il tiiiibcr ul' tlio .Vmlli Wc-.'^-tl'ua.-t." }.\:\ MoMtL'-'nii'iy ','ai'liii. writes : '• The ii')-ili'»!!, ri'HOurci's ami I'llirailc dl' \'aiic'j!rar I,-hu:'i ''i iiiii'iit!y H'lapl it '.'I'lV b'.'iii'i till' liritaiii (>r lh(; .".'Mi'ihcni I'aiilir. Tlicre is im \u.vl 'nciwviw llio Sirai!-! lit' .Jii an lii; I'liiai ami .Siii Fi'anci-ita.) ; it, i - v.'ithin a -.vi , I.'.- >,",! nf ('Liii- fnrtiiii ; wilhiti doiiMc tiial iii,,lr,!i''i.' I'rjtii the San.lwich [■■lairl--. with which r; Uiriviti;,' triilu lia-' alrcaiiy hccii ('^laiili-lK'ii ; ;Ivc liay.-;' V(\va;."c truni or to New .Vrchair^c!. the in'iul liUaI■Il■r^ dl' the I!.ii...-iaii I'nr CiMnpiiiiy s ' i I tH;ai'i!t.= . wlicro Iar;^'(' .•sii[)[ilii.'.- of |iru\ i-;i()n.< arc re'iuin.' 1. ami it is withi'i liiicu wnk.s' sti::tmii!,i;' di.^tam.'L' ot Jiuian." '•Tiii.- coinniamliii;^' imatiiui ja.slllics llie I'AiiO'.Mntiaii that ^'::n•■.l;;Vlr I-lai,.l '\ii! l;<'f-.im'. no' (nily a valiiaiJc aL'rioultural scttlciai'i.t. liiil ;.l-o a rich ■.•oia- •.ti •rcla! (•iilia'[i''il lor iJriii.-li Ir.i'l .■ Miiii imln-li'y.'" ."'Ii' i'.alv. iT r.yitonsays: •• Already on tha ra^ific. Vcnroii vf" i-Ia;nl ha.s ]\ pri ai-Mi'.] 'o Ihc "M'iai conniiiiiiiiies of laiMikiii'l. Ah'eii'iy. om tliu lar-'c ler- rif'.ry wc-t of llie llui-Iiy lifoiini.iii; -, fiMin 'lie Amerleiui l'r(;.il!ci' i!;p to \hc^ il:! :s;'n! ll ') Ilia' ". '. We ale hi} ill :^ liie roUllia; i.ili.X ot' wlial, m ly IifiaTiif 1; Tjail:'!' a niivi.-iiiiieiMi*. a'ui'!:' ('•:r liie liaiaaa :'h< e. Aad now, easiwirl ,f ;h" ilurky Mon;Maii!s we are iiivil.'il to v(.(,. jn du. >.(':tl.>iuent ot ti:e i!eil llivei'. liie ur..''j;!,s of a IM'W ( 'ahaiy, :< raiiijiarL a_'aia.--t an;, hostile iaroi;, is fn-iii the ,\;uerie..n '■••ir.ti'V. ru'i ail essea;iai oac. a.- it w.re, m ;liat jj:r( e.t, \i:,diii';, 'dy wiil^jli vv ; !; )a'.' olio day to eoanccl tli^' iiarijoiir,-! ot N'mieouviT wilii liie (iulf of .Si. I. iwi'i.Mii'e. ' Aii'I t'aal 'ncaL C'MKeii'.'aia: i-il via.la.'i. h- liiiis aldy ■. ariiri'.'iiti'il on Ijy ;-, .air- •.•.-^-poirlo'it of tlia 7V-7. /. w!;o '-liev.-.s. Lhif ;i is.>iiii^' from ihiii.w thi- audi ihit- ;.-h Territo"y, I'or a, disiruiee of :i2i!'i miles tliero \v n.id iio a ;; lin oa th'i ;v.-'i.-''iit raiiio to Ih'iiisii (hd'iaihia. ;■''/ i'.iaama, of no le-'-- tii i i 1 'v\ a'lijy-t ,'/o ii:;y.:. A-ad. ia rid'erer.n; to the all iaiportaat qmv-tioa (f i';;:-l;d laaarauaiea- ;;i'.S:;,'.i,-e ;;cr(j=» tliat ocean. — ton days .;avC i m all" — a.'id on . « the !"iimp >M;'rjoot Lord I'.ury .'tutn^ truly, " tli.'t ntir Irr..!.- in tl.f rarilu- (»ccftn with Cliitm ;i;i.! Iii'liii mnA ultiiinttly 1)0 curri'Ml on tlirutitjli uiir Norlli Aiikti- Cilll i'd-'iC-i.Mdn; ." To lh"-c i|:i,)[ati>.n; may '»'• i"liIoi! hM'-' t'rimi n vt.ort rum! -he i (n tlif Ctiifi'il St.Ui'S CcVriT.iiH'iit l.y Mr. Aaron 11. i'lilinvr. wliirh !i's r-^MH'ia! am! particui.ir iriUTi'St at Ihc iirfsciit time. \vii<'n a U\uu- will' Iln^^ia > ; h.-iii/ ntirncij ihrniijili liio Amru.r iJiv; r': a iraili.' v.Iiich la.vy voadi the Iii.-irt of A.-la, an I lv ii iho .shpris (if lilt' iJaltii'. Mr. Palmer says : " rise Amooi- i-^ t!i" mn.st, val'ialil? rivrr in XMrl!i'";ii A-ii : t'lo nn!y hi'.'li- way of iiitiunitliat ..lii'.Ttly rvcin-a'ts tli'.- r-.:U-.A ^u■]^uo:^ of A ia villi the iv,t (if 'the worl'l. The fA'cnr of the rivorv wliirli .li-rnihivue at it- n;ontli i.s mria/,in--t!ie i.nnci;i:\l N>'.vu,^ of Manehu 'ia. aii'i s-v-iv:! [.l'--^ in .M.m-oiia. ,uvac-v^..ll,;.M,ot;iem; th.y fvct.Mi.l t:i no ..-., .!-• of tl'irty ,' ..i-,.,. : of L;)n-i- linii;. Vr, iis po within with re?i.f>rt to llie .ira of .la'.an. a, ■;• tth niuit at or near il.4 cniUrocliurc wouia o\>^-n a ncv." an.l mo~t Mvolil:iM- tr.i le v,ii!i Manchuria, Central Asia, .^ihci'ia. tli" J;Miam'.-o [--lands. Coi-a. ..Vi .■' <• Tlirre a]ioriU' U< '> ■ mi i;i.-nrmnMiit:'.!.l" oU lades lo a dir.'.'t commnni- cathm l.eia/oiKn-Ml l..'t.N.-y tliu route of this r^vr and li'.^ i.a'.i,^iMj \valers of Silieria." Tlie hi'venno ami I'Apeu'iitufe oft!.- e :h)uy U,v ihj }ar !-i;i, clor^ely a;i[T ixiniali', i" sliewn uy tlie fiillov. ii.i iili-! liiet : iii:Ai)S oi^ i;;:c>:ii>v. I i;: \::> <:i' i:x:';/;i>iTrin;. r;eil K-t,ite One ]>'r ('"!it Ta\- ". ]Iavliour Du;' < '■ \<> \ i;'!''ti( ur \u:\-l. •'ietori,', r-'tri'."t Tax lii'lTior i/Ka'it- ■- Tra.le F,i. -eus-s lianii S :i I ( -• ( iiii lui'.li i|-. T ',!•;.; 'i\!K > I ■ . |,-vai.;;'ie- lixvd. C iC".' -•' :,; '," .'. i; .-al'iiV'S pi'o- i,ij;l -1 ■; \i :m:.,i1 aisl . -: I. i ]i '!'.M ij'oi.iry... T-!'' T ;"> -, '^i n ; I o ( I ; ; ; : ■ I ■ ( ' , i n ; i i i - ;;:;;.;; 2 C -ereie; 1 I-'- 1 •' • •jj ;.; {) (I -- .\.i:i;!;i;-'; v.tii';' i ' ■■ ' ' 1 i(,.fi:;;. Pre-emnli-nl'i'vO "^-"^ '■ 1" c"..':.,-ve .,f ■: 1 '■.'•- .Postages 'i'"j:irp. I'^orl'iuture?. ami Fees of Court r-cs of Ollii- Jle-imhursement in .".iil ot r.vnonse.^ incnrrcl hy Ciiivcrnmos'.t Miseclla neons lleeeipts.,. Dalaucc from U'im' ■.\]>i 1 1 [t ni^'at- Cii.u'UaM.'AihiV. ..•::<<, l.;;SO ir, l'l',,i;f<- .^U'i ^IM'!-;. • \r].,:v:r ■■■,'.> ;; i; <,r lisi. id! ^..ie;us l.VM 1 ic r.:! lo 111.'.- i;t :;'-) -I ^; !^'nt 'Trar... ir.ri ... •11 Y 1 - 1 •• CiMiV'," Mi -e ol' A u\' \r ! I'-ri '.i'. ■ aOJT -t :,r:; '; :■ uoa.tr, Sirei i s :.\. iDraw'-tMdvS ami lefnii'l of / I 'l HXc- ■ );.:el'e i MSMH.l.uiecu ;"- . «i<'' •••- A':\ane(',; to II"ad< of l)e- j.artau'jU;' nu;"'CO!i;i:ed to-- i: \2 11 2;;". 's ;• 2:)ii ii' •■ 3,;--, < .s / r. 2:.:^: Total ^ -^" i., ial .p.) -,(■,";, (t 2 m 48 The amount and kiml of luxation in force will bo clearly seen under the " Heads uf Receipt," and are coin[)ri.sed under the ditfcrcnt headin}rs of Ileal Kstatt', uiie JILT (k-nt Tax, Harbour iMies and Fund, Victoria Street Tax, Idcjuor and Trade liicenses. In the nei^Mibouring Colony of Uritisli Colunilda, the Ilevenue and Expen- diture, witli tlie imports, for tlie vcar ]8t;u, were as follow : Groi?> Ilevenuo CHI!, 1 I IG 11 Total Expenditure l71,8r.'J i) G Total value of IniiM)rts X2:.7,;i88 10 Of this, Vancouver Isliuul aiont', scut t'J0l,711i l.'l (J The Imports from the I'nitcd States reached the value of £')7i,*]l-i Id G Th'j ^^old produce in tlie aljove year, is comimted at one million sterling. This present year, ISiJl, has witnessed the full development of the great wcaltii whicli British Columbia possessef? in her gold fields. Atlca,-I the great, the wouK'rtul promise has iieen seen, the full development awaits the enter- prise o!' the miner for y>.'ars to come. The extent of gold bearing debris and gravel, can only be guessed at, but it is known to extend over a very largo area. Besides tliese extensive gold tields. the other valuable — and economically, most important metals — silver, copper, tin, platinuiu, and pluml^ago, have been found. Lignites and other Tertiary carboniferous dei)osits exist, and valua- ble buiMing materials abound. iSteam CoM.Mi'NifATioN' cxists witli the United States ami Europe 2-ia Pan- ama. At the present time, December, IHGl, there is but one steamer every three weeks, and calling at I'ortland on the Columbia, she does not communi- tftte directly with Vancouver. The mail is brought by this conveyance, anel eonsci[uent on this divergence is subject to great ;ielays. The imperative necessity of a direct line of steamers has made itself strongly felt, and the proper steps are now being taken to ensure, as far as jiossible, this great desideratum. A subsidy has lieeii granted by th" Colonial (.iovet iUient, and arrangements have been made by which communication with San FraiH'isco shall take place weekly, each alternate steamer coming direct to Esiinimalt Harbour in Vancouver Island. With the present pros{)ects of the Colonics of British Columbia and Van- couver Inland, it is not only of the greatest importance that a direct and speedy Postal Communication should be established, but that also a means of conveyance that shall oring merchants, miners, agriculturists and immigrants of all classes straight to their port -without unnecessary and vexatious delay, should be at once made available. A steamer direct to San Francisco "will ot itself bo a great boon, but there ought to be vessels direct to Tanama calling at San Francisco, " an interme- diate port." With a moderately swift and convenient relay of vessels sucli as the South Pacific Steam Navigation Company jiossesses, the service, aided by subsidies from the Imperial and Colonial Governments, could be quickly, cfliciently, and eventually profitably, carried out. For performing it, no capital or company commands the same facilitlep 10 vis ll'.at ;vi)ovo uamcii ; with a pDwrriVil and im.iu'roiis fleet of sloanisliip.-;, tii'oy have iirofilahly (.oinliieleil the mail servifo aud liOtli developed and inciea.-;ed llie wealtli and (•(miiiierriiil interests iil' \\\v wiiole Si>utli Anieviean coast. Po,-sef\-Jiii'j at Taijoyu (l'aiiaiii;i), a re;.;ular ddekyard and steam t'oiuidrv, nii,L:i!ially itlaceiJ there witii a view (u steam cuiiiiiuiiiieatioii witli Australia, llu'v ai'e ill a ]u)f d;iy and i'.i,L;lit. the oceau i!'.:.i'. steamers must <^o ; a lino of sm;.]), swift, >r)v\v. oi' pnddic -li-aiaer-, would run (o New ^Vestuiiuster and (*ngi't Sound, earryino- tin; n'.i\il and |)as^cu;;■ers wdlh !ijj;lit freight. No line of • •(•iMu Sfeunier.'? e:u» sucre-sfully run direct to New Westminster, The diday,-. rons<.'(j!jent on wind and weat her, umkin:^ the land in the dark, threading a jjn-sajre tlu-on.ij,)'. the ialricacies of shoai--. will aluiiys deter hirge vessels which i\w under Tiiin cng;i_u\;n)eu's. ICsc^uiMUilt JiarlMjuv, in Vancouver Islniid. is tlio natural— the on'.y safe and ;'.va?];ih)e Poi t, on the X",rth-V,'es;t Coast of America, for steam mail coinmu- f.ii'iiiiiiii, and wliei! llie jiuiclinn .') !Jtr»-. ;iiiil thar. the cuJial'ilities ol the iisland, mi'.icral and n!.'ri<'ult.ural dis- tricis. slinuld \u-: developed I'V means of rend- and the construction of bridges, ;uid it is. in mo^t cases, the duty of (he motiu'r country to i)rovide these, the greatest elements of successful progress, beroi't! financially casting oil' a Colony, •'leiiving it to lievelop itstdf,' The jailicy of Cre.it Britain in this respect, has been thus given by an emi- iKMit statesman, himself much interested in the successful progress of these C.ilonies, '• Fur a ('olony to thrive and develop itself with steadfast and health- ful progress, it shonl.l, from the tirst, as far as possible, be self-supporting." And this great end is to lie attained, liy '• self-e.vertiou ar.d the noble spirit cf self sacrilice, which self-ccertiou engenders.'' Commenting ou this desiiatcii in an able article in the North British Review for August, Isstll, the writer says: '-The despatch embodying these sentiments may be a very able literory composition, but we must bo permitted to doubt the correctness cf its rcnsoiiing." And with this opinion, most men who have seen or know anything of Colonies will sigrce. Admitting the statement and the reasoning therein containel to be correct, it is, and can bo so, only i/c/wnilli/, and to such exceptional cases as those of the Colonies and Britisli Columbia and Vancouver, can bear no aji- plicatiou whatever, .)i.> It c.xuiiot i/C right tliiit thc! o:iIy iii;;i!i-< of ("j'liiiiuuiralicjii willi t!ie iii^jtlicr touutry should b'j cai-rioil i>:i froi.i ih.'-o ii.i;)>>i-t,iiil (.'oloiiios l>y l'>>!';'i;.;-n futor- [iriso, or that thu corrc^siioihli'iicu of the (juvcniiiient aihl of cominoi-cial men h'.iouM be li-uiisniitti.'il in any way l-.y I'a.viH' of or lU'iivnilviil on a I'un-iun ami li'jji^il)ly l)'j.-tile power. A lii;cral suin of uioncy ■^\\a]) ui oi.ta-. to ;;iil)diili^f ^'t.'ar.i C'oiinnunication, and t(j 0[)un um the ALn'ic ulli.ral IM.-lrirls oi" V'anconvir (.-lanij, v.-oiiM *1'.> in- fi:i;t(.'!y moic j.''oo i. ai;;! aiiNanuc the C.dony li'iii.li innrc nMitcriitlly. tliaii all t!io iio'wlf .>iiii';t of :-tli'-sai:vii.ia; Li'^'tmlvrcu by ^t■lf di'Sotitni is iilvfly io -lo (ov a tiiu;..-an.l year.-. The :::i)irit of .seif excrlir.ii Is r.'>l wai. .iii;;, )>ul it is to 1m.' iVare.l tliat sacri- lioc of .'iiiy material IJu'l, has rai.IiLT a w'.'i.vi.ssiiiL^ efioet, a downwi.Vil teiiileiiey. Tiiu [)osition of \"an>Mmvcr I'.-larul, a. ;.;iL'at ooniiiu-rria! euir.'i'i'.t b.'t.'i'oeu t'A'u y'olil proJiicin.:;' coiintric.s i.s -^i^ ciiil and pefnli-ai*, cvcnt.s an: lu'.ri icd upon Le:', provcMitinij: ai-h' iieV('!i/;.!nLnt. 14 jwhm'css genoraliy. like a cliil.l lrMrii!,}iii; to vail;, jlo'.r and fuiI of stunible.s. I.^rin^' iii.'r ;it one" into diccet .-'.eani edinnr.i- r.ication ^villl Panama, open uji her a;_;i-irultnrai di.-tri t^. and ilu; con.K'fpiei'.t iiLusperons r a Ion r tiniiv ivitiiont sn(di rn(.-.i;;.< ul' tran.-it, must (-(.niinno to be the g-reat drawbaelvS to tli;; fiili dev:d(..pnient nf ti;ose eoh '.-ics. viv,. : ihc ilistanee.~, the de];iy.^; i^nd co::iin,uent e.ipen.'e.--.. That tliere will nliiinat(dy bo Ji route tiirou^di Carja^ia diicit from j-iiiroj-", no one doulits. jjo.-.-dbly oiie al.so by the Niearaguan Lale, ;v youn_.{ t'amily. to his futi.re liome. Tliero are at pre.^ent tiiree rout''- -one l/v way oi' the We-t fndies and I'a.nama, anotlier rn( Sow \ori; rnid l*i;.;inia, in eudi ease by st.Mir;. and t!i',) third, least cx[iensive thotiuli t'ae lon-c- ;, \ia b'.ape Horn f/v sailing- slops. ^ilere are three ij-real classes (d" emi^uranls ibr Mliom tiiis Colony halihs out ypceial inducements, viz.: tlie eapitallst. the ?.-ierehai;t, and general trader. The ',vori-:inj,' farmer, the slcilled an is in and meelianie : the praetieal miner an. From Panama to San Fraiieiscj the distar.ce is .'il'Oo miles, and thence to Vancouver [.siand o')0 ; the fare £l,">m miles, the fares through to San Francisco, SlOO to ^IJi) and $2i)0, but variaide. From Europe the voyage will occupy seven to eiglitweek'5 ; from Xew York four to live weeks. The voyage rourid Cape iJoi'ii iVum any part of Great; Britain in a lirat class idi[)i)er. th.^ only ship aduiissulde, ought not to oceupy- more tlian iVom t'Ti to 110 days; iiul cmigranbs can be carried from juiy Euro u;;in ;>or 3 e k it y- ro I .sliii).- rt H'T .n-? ivieh ailiilt, cliiUlreii proporlioiiatc'y lo.^?. It Ims it.-; liard- 1 i>f coiir.-e luit to must nuMi the 5;oa vov.i'a' in ;v fi ic ■.hi 1 \v 11 1 )e a .soiu'co of lileii.-urc. III-. r\|ieritM\cc ot' life to lie looked Imck iiium mid reonlli.il w illi iiiti.Ti'.-t in fiitnrc ytMrs. I"^!l ;ii.\rii'N- liAintACKS -hmild be huilt to slndtcr the (Mni>,'rfint on lii,^ first an-'.v;i!. -and to prevetit ex pen .-(.•< w'uich might vriiitile his menus and cramp lii^i (■!ier.;;rs. Imiue.li.Hi' cmployniont wonM ho found for all. l''or the agTiculturist tho he>t time v,:' arrival would he in the iat.; autninn or winter uiontlis : lie wouM t!ic-n have the s;!ring and suiniiuM- hcfore him and thus have a p^CMid opportunity of jndsiii;.;- of the land, and settling himself h'forc the ensuing winter. It wouM ho of great advantage to tlio colony to allot, if possihle. unoccu- pied lands to i>oiisioner.s. th'esc woiihl form the nurlens of a iicrmancnt defen- sive corps, and with t'c volunteers would he avaihihle on any sudileii omcr- >.",'\icy. The v.ives anil daug!iliu-> of these jionsionprs wouM supply the grer.t want of th',' cotoiiv. vi/. : i'eni;iie domestic servants— while tho men would to a great e-Ueiit supid,- the lahour market with a lun-inanent and useful hody of laiMT.vi-rs. With seilh'd immes antl their families around them, these men arc the onlv class u"t lik' ly to tie carried off by " gold fever.'' T'le !>■•-( ni'-aiiij o\' procuving an agricultural population of the right stamp for this .'.il-.ny and the nei-hbonring one of Hritish Columbia is by giving IW^i Cr'iii'r. .■ /• l'.:tii,pn!ation .// <»tr,'. and eorn enough will soon be gro'.vn on t!;e alluvial plaiii,^ of the i'r',-er, and in tlie fertile valleys of Vanrouver.to feed the mining p.opn- lalion of tlie I'pp.'r Counirv and rrlahi the ju-odnce of the mines insteaoiit .'iOOjOOO, anil with otiier oiUlyiny p(jrtions. in all, abont oneniillion acres avail- able land. . Heavy and very valualde timber !iow covers many fine districts, which, as they become cleared, will Ije available for cultivation. Th:' price oi' elearini^ varies in dill'erent localities, aver;iL;in;j: IJ'om X'> to £i t per acre. The richer alluvial soils, I'earing willow, abler, jioplar, kv... are readily and ( heajily ek'ai'ed by lire, the samly .=oils bearin;r heavy timlier, are more expen- sive and dillieult to elear, owing to the crcu .^i/.e of the roots ol' the p.ino trees. for tills however, Indian labour is available, and what is moi'c, the cost of cleariuti' is becomin": annualh' less, especiallv ne;'.r to towns and settlements, owing to the increased value of lire wood. In the agricultural distiists. however, there is enongli open ])rairie land for farming purposes, into Avhich the settler can ]iut his ]>lough, and at once raise the much wanted crops, the clearing of the timber iVoni the land, keeping jiaco Avitli tiie wants of a farm, for outbuildings . fencing, kv., ki:. 'J'lve upset ])rlco of land is one dollar, or four shillings and t^vo p.'iieo jter t. x'aymcnt is made liy iustnlments spread over a numbn'of years. Lanre-eini)ted on a system whiili enables a man at once to .-iettlc himself on a given number (d' acres proportionate! to his condition, >vhether married or single. The foiincr, having a wife resident in the Colony, can juc- emi)t 2(ai acres, and for every \diild under eighteen yeai's of age. .also resilient. ten acres in addition. The latter has a right to l.'nj acres. After two year.=i (ucupation of the land, on its being shown that in.iprovement to the extent of ten shillings per aero lias been made, a •' Oertilicate of Improvement" is gfrauted, which gi\esfull and absolute right to the holder to sell, lease or iiiortgnge, all the I'ights in fact of proprietorship. Full particulars will be found in the covy of t'.ie Act. Ap[!endi.\', No. K). An individu.al, therefore, Inivmg a wife and six children, mav pre-empt and. settle at once, upon a farm ot 2f;o acres. Abundant material for buibiiiig rough, temporary dwellings and outhouses are around him, and under his foot he has a rich and virgin soil. The number of acres of land purchased and pre-em])ted in the Colony, up to the present time, is ai)proximately : purchased 100, OUO: ])re-empted 3,000, The number of pre-emptive claims recorded, is 2f 4, ot these there are In the Lake District 8, Esfiuimalt 2, Sooke 4, Metchoscn .3, Highland il, .North and South Saanieh 22, Cowitchan 08, Somenos 2 », Salt Spring Island ."2, Barclay Hound 2.'!, Small Islands and dependencies 14. I'rom various causes, these purchased and prc-eini)ted lands arc not yet fully occrqiiL-u. The chief cause being the want of an agricultiiral population tf the right chu'S acre. a;) To hi'mg lliia pdpulafuju ;uul i»roviik' for it* wnnls, the svr^tcm of ••Clcnr- iiii:," S(t ;i(lviiQta,Li'<.'*iii--!ly iKJojitcii iii Australia, is iiiiicii waiilcil licio. It lias been triL-il in a iVw cases, aail succcimIs ailiiiiralilr. liut. an iiiuni;:ratioii on a larue scali; is r(Mjui>il(! to lirii;'.: at onvr Ihc,-'.- !a:.>l.-, now lyin^ usi'lcss, into JV|-lil<'. li-aiii ,2iov.iji,4 (li^trii's. (in tiie sv>!C'ni of cleariiit;-. the Loij^a^n.-inenl '•('iwc'coi t'i'i laiiilowiKM- ;i/iil tin; .-cttlio', i.s trencrally t'or five or seven years. The 'oraier ;i:-o\ i>!rs '.'.ml I'-r oae s.-a-o;; and all'oi'ls all the neee.>sary aiJ lo start. ; iriiii'ij- o;r'r,i,i om'.s .- t.iu' iiitter uioleriaKes U> clear, fence, ilileh ami 'iraaii tli- I;'aii ■ o..nait 1 '^l io his care, i.'ei'ivin--. l\iv the period of time agreed 111!, all lo-cdit accruni/j; irom the ciilt; vatioii of" the soil, uiul farm produce •40neriil!y. Tiidtr s»,irh ccMMlicion-. a v.-orkiii;.:; j'aniirr n'il! Had himself, at the end of hi^ ugreeujcat, ;ti) inoepciidiMi t man — and \,r\y jiiirclia-.e or prc-em|it for himself. At the present tinu'. '■In'. a.vera;:,'c pi'ice of .-ome ot the more important ayrl- r,,lti;.riU iiiipie!iie::'.s afid jii'odaee. is a> .'i,llfy\\s: Ameriean plon;::hs, !^'Jl) to ^-'> : v.va^M>ns. >2i''!: ;.;.r,id Jjoi.-cs, >>]:,'): y(..ke id' o.ven, t^'l'U, to HHiJii; .sheep, from •T^'i U? S'- .: I'i^s., :ivc f:.-ul< per Jl»., iivw nej.;hl : hay. S2') per tun : v.lieat, >:-\ fjo f-er iMishrj. J". ir.il la!*o"'-'r- arc nraidi wanted. I 'cea-'ional ]at,'Our; esjiecially v.) the ni. ii.hhorlnioi.l ^>!' towu-i. v.i-.iy he ooinincd; hut cannot be de[)ended on. Tile i'liMic n'lOi- arc heing- deve'opcd and imiiroved ; it is. at [iresent, ii rv:eat dra\r!;a'-k io t!;c couni'y. timi lh:■l;le:ln^ n! a-'ces? to inland agrlcnltiiral •:i>Lric;.,: .liouM l.'e attended witii ;j,-reiJt iJi;d almost iusnnnountablc didicnl- tie-. The, liaie that h..y- eiip-eii .-:in<-e -the country !':rsthec;an to l;c settled, is ccr- laitilv n viate tltoiliiiieuUy altendiit;:; want of labour, nn '' .'ict to praviUe for Che repair, inipreveiueiit. aiid. re|.;ulatiou of K.oad- in A'aur'ouvtr Island., and its Jependeuei'-'s,'" has been passed, whevedii it is enacted, tinit ewry male pei'sou over tea vears of a'^e, ami every male and fir.nale entitled to any interest in ruiy real est'ite, in any of the Iload. !.>istrict.s shall perform si.T 'lays hibour up- 1)11 the I'uhlic liJp.h'.v.'iv. with e^itca day.s if iu-operfy is exten-ive. 'i'liis la.- i)unr mavhe eoni'poT.nded at the ra*e of— for a lij.au's days laliour, si.v shilliii)^-ii; and three pence, A cart or \va;;dn, with a pair of I'orse.s or o.ven for twedve vhilliii!.'-^ i\)i'\ 5i>: pesico, ti.ae importrint '■ ileuailation" for th? lloac^. has been omiiicd, .and .a,= it t'oiicc^nis i\ot viiily pr.qierty. 'out lifv and limb, .>honld be enforced at once, viz : r,hat ull carriages, wa;_nnablf, ami niinetalkin;4doiu, wili, <,ii; due development, jirove a source of j^reat ivealth to the ("(donv. The lisheries are inexhaustible, (lie tiiKiicr is iinrivaiied, and the fOJJ.' is. th" best «» the whoJe .\orth i'acilic L'ya^t. .SaLmon in millious ui 54 many p;[»ciiir?. (iboiiinl in mII flio sen-, liikcs iiml s'lc'iin,-? of tlic l-lnri'l niul in'ii;!ili(iiiii^' Conlinciit. (licat (iuaiititi(>s iin; iunnniiiv ciiiij^iit liv t!ic Iinliaii.-', ami n cons'Klcriil)]!; e,\i>ort traiic, cainlile of j^rcat. cxpiii'pion fiiii', di \ i lr>|ii!iciit, is carried on \>\ tin- Hudson's V>ay i\i\i^\};iu\ . Tn irivc tlii.^ tnide its lull v.ilno, so tliat tin- really excellent (isli to l»o fuimd in the.e waters niay eoiinn.ir.il nady .-al( in fureifi'n iiinrkels. it i.< iiccessfiry that u careful ■•oU'.tion .•■hi)uM la- ii'ade. u'any species heinj,^ very coarse. Tront, some (;t them from foni' to si.v lbs. in wci^jht, jire fomid in rill tlio j:tre;ims anil lakes on lio'di sWics of the Islaiul. l^ulaclion— !i very delieions lish, of tlie size of a Lirj-c .sj-rat or smnl! I'.er- linLT, classeil hy natnralist.; ainDn;^- the salmon lamily. fl visil- tliv no'-tli coast of the Isl.md aiiinially in larijo .shofib and every ppviisi,' ascends iho rivers uj tlie Continent as fur south as the nidtiiuhia. for the jmr/^sc of sjr.iwivinp'. Jnitnenso (juantitie.-? are tal;»,'n by the Indinns who imiuufu lure i'nli jm .i .'»naU i:rr:;;itity of water find apjdyinii' hei\r, it is then skinnned oH', and vvfien j)}o|)crl / tiilere-l i-. a -lery fine j>elliicii' oil of a delicate naloyidhnv cohMir. ^^vine of tin- !"i'.irthc'''i Dative^ allow the fish to become half putrid ami then esivre-s ti'.e o'.l by riyesir'*.' iq.on boards. There is »io doubt but that thi.^ oil vvil) be of i^nut eco!.ii!,/ie vaiui'. 5t ha- been ;;ivrn mediciiially and will jiroliahly be /otuu' iis'.d'al whi-rc cod Y\\k-v oi) or (>ther hydro-carbouaceovi.s- f(>oil is iniiicateii. There is every prondse of most valuable ;te!uUnp: ort' and loiirid the :!.;^rt]i- M'c.'iteMi extremity of the Tshmd and J'Uraits i^f ,1\ian de Fnca. v.ili ovov tn bo fishinjjf (^ronnds rivftliiiip; tliosc of ?>ewfonnin,i3ir!. This ilsh averaues ab-on:, two feet and a-ha«f in kngili. with a f'ir'h rour.d the .-h.^MiMcv f* ei^l',t':en inches — U is ^vtdl tJavoiei'. and j;-uo'.l eatiuj:^. ■ILalibni is found bi j^veat abunihincc romsd the wludc- cf/i'.s^. Ti'tJr si'e i? often enormons, and the ([uaiUivy m v.hich they avf tv.uiid 'c.ay be e?liinatt>l by a stutemc'U uf an tdllcial t>f the S'mdsou's Tiay ('ri'.i|>ary . th.-U in forty- ei^L;!\t hf>nrs' .'■shiiig a vvsse! of .sis Imodred ton.- miudit be l.a.leii '.villi theJii. At certain seasons thrs iish ie- very \k>Mcute, far e.\ce',liMg in Undvrnvss an.i llavour its congener of the Atlantic sesis. iStiir,c:eon is ])leiitiful OiT the snoiith of the Fraser iiivcr. n:t'\ runs to ao immense si/.e. Isingiass made IVoui this Iish is exports-d by ilic- lIv.d>o\rs F.ay Company. Ilerrinps are in cormtlcss Ihonsamis — not .'=*> fitll Havofired a fish as tho lierrinLf of tl;e Kuropean seas — it is less suited for salliiifr. bnt makc~ a n\osi excellent bloater, eijual to anythinc'- exported fro?n Ivirope : tnis «i'.l prove a very important and rcmijner.Uive branch of indn.stiy. The smelt — a \cry dolicato iish, is captured br boat Icaas, The haddock and the ivhiting are found, and tiie pibhaid is s.'si"! (o iiaie been seen in the dnlt of (Icor;^ia. The dogtish is taken iui incredible (quantities by the imlivcs of the varioTiS '■«>'c»fe»ai»\'^»;^vo Itfea oliUiir.i:!' Ii-(j;i! llii- F.^h in a fpjisoti by one tribe of [iidiiiiis, find that a Yt>ry v^niall one iu ClnytMriet Soiiiul. (yOll^•Ilif•nll;)e ({URiitities aro CYpovtel ;iu- aualiy by il,e Hi'.ii.-'*- iiV May ('uwpaiiy. .Sc'Vc-val vari(.''j(.'- !i uic caiiL'ht :!!,/! (jiii'd 1 v (.'hiiiaMicn '.vlio export tlujiu fo Uriti^li CohniP la. .Salii.)i!!i And l':i'ii'i;;i ave itotli i.vi up ai'.c. well pre.HTveil in herraelicp.ily s'.'s.!(;il til.'.- )"y [■••iriic.-; ia ^'icuu'i;i. Thcro Ki'o s-c'.'c.-a! v;irii!>l, aai ili(.)U|.';!i this article is at }>:'\'-;eKt (-.vpiTleiJ in ^inu.ll (;i;anljtie-:, it will ijev^-r prove au cxtCEsive hrai.M:!i !.i/' iiidiisfy er «( i'O!)ni!ei'"0. Tlie (iii,\!,'lity and variety cf i'nrs art; liiniliid, the t:ea ctter being of all, the !)oost va!ii;il.'ii'.. h'eal <,dJ i« (/','t,"Js;< d i.'i toH\-'..Jerat.'l'j (. uautitic'-' and sent to Fai^flar.d. h\ fJje Vn.'KT.', n: i: Kj.v'^; I'cu, the; folluviu'.'' !i.-t o'^'treee p.uil shrubs will fri\e -rOiue idea ni' the j^reat variety i'ouud ea the J-lahd, althcirjdi the aeoouut iiiu^t ifO i:cf e.y-:arily '. iiruauvTibeJ and euii/iaed chie,t*y to thc~c [iosscssiiig economic value. Maiiv I'avc l.'eeii r..':'ei-'dy eicr^-orilv ;.:iven in the descrijition of the Cow- tU'lu'.u and oiher Kgrkult^n-al valley ■•• and dstriet^; on Ihc East. '■ Jn the West„ .-.■iloap; the whole cos-st are Iv-uad " Whik' Tir, Sprr.ec Fir, IJalsani Fir, v.hilc ()ine. YelJi)W ] ii'.e. Cedar. A Mir, vine leave.d ,\:a|;le, broad leaved Maple, Wiliii'W. ?)i)^%vood. Ve-'.'V, a tree re'eniblinjj,- tiie Scottish Lnreh, 'i'eliow-eypresjf. Crali-aiqde. Cottciiiwood, lJeiu!(;ei. oak. Ast-cti, Arbutus, Service treo, y woodmen the "Ure;i;oa ?'ed ;.',ii:-e.'' is the most ii)!j-ortant of ,-11 thc-e tree\- alcove de»icritat*d by their fto|)iiiar naKM',-:. ll '^vtiva to aa eticrmous &h;e. ajri is one (.!' the h'CSt woods f'ur lar,<.'e sears Li! own. it can betbtaitied of one hnndrtd and fifty fia-t in [.en.^'th, and has. sciH'sred f'ci-ty-t^ve ii'.ehes for n'r.ety feet, makes admirable uinibet, and ujay bo jiroer.rel ia any •xuiintlty. This is /ee Iro-c-of llic Colony, a\id i« probably worth all tl-e ovh.ers put togeiher ; it i.-; l.lie coraincuitst tree ou "he Xorlli Wi'.-i Coast, i an;.'iai,^ fj ^)i;i t!;i: CuIunibJa river to far north of V'ancoii- ;-er Island. Tliis wood is sawn inta li;ii,l;er. shipped to San Francisco, the ,Saudwicii Islands, down il;e So;i'„li Amer.cau Coa.st, a:ui in preat liuan- ^ities to Anstralii)., and tliis is llie v,-uod, v.hiei), since the dinin.'unitioD cd' the supply of L'ijra ,'=;i;u'-s. hi-;s be»:n so jsrircii ir^ iLwrope i"o.r ivaste.. The. French.^ Spanish. S,u\liiaaij aii.'i I.'-i.-tjh Cctvernmentf; have 'been svippllcd ':vith irtasts and spars by a ('omnany who have established saw milhs, u'C., ,\i the head of tlso .lUieri'i ('ai.M! in liarelay Sound : In the Ean;!i.';h merchant, jcrvite they Iwevc Iseen hu-tiely li-c-d, and iiave i,Mveu jrrcat .satisfaction, bein^t; uuisersally c oi'isidered the, fwiest uia^t-; v'ver imported. Appended i,'5 the iransiatioti ol' a report made njion the Ciualitie.s of thec(» s-pars in the I'rench doclcyard at Tonlon. '1 he iVeiirht from this remote ijuav- i.'y.r, .u'akes Lbe price .'=:oi'KV".hat hii^'h jter load, as con)j>ared with t)ic pricc.« ci' r>(? masts l)rori; .Ir.nv- l>;ick, siu'li is Uk; ;^'i-iicr;il ?ui>fii.>t-it;,- oC tlic wmciI, .ml liic r:i ia»iil crniioiuv willj whicli llu; trcL' can l>o couvorloil into a <.;(/i)ii uin-?, llial it is rcuJlj. t'> t!/c Eliil)-o\vii('r\vlio wauls ii yooil iuiirjo. voi'v miuh i Imujhi- in liic ciifl (haii a\jy othov. The cxtnuji'iliiiary s^i/.c, :, tli(> \\ooi! is ii.'! cifii llyj'iw atocr tiiaj) wlia) is cailc-il •' (iai.-I)-- i)\[^ luiijioscs," lor wl;icli it is too I'oii'^h. iiavii. anil sivoii;.: n woijn]. .Ytowx tlic foa,-L III .\(jrtli-\\'i.'.-l .'viiv.'i'ica ■■ ("a'.it'm.aiia n-il Viooi', ";i si-i.-fii.'> (,'f red;) c ;- "ciiurallv iL-cii, but is Dot voua! to nliito |>iiH\ lV>ovs t\\\u \i icilo'.ts inaOe ii'. wiiite ])Uie aru Impinlijil '/" ;-iau rraii'.-is"o IVcmh Uu- !■". is'.:.i'n l.'iiitiMl .'■^tatis. l!iil ///('/■■■ />• a ;;-oo'l uiii;.' i>ii!(' in \'aiv,;i;ii vi r. Vi ry iKiU'li lik;- I'l/c Kas'.orr. pine, (callud I'iiis Strcilms- or Weyuioulli njiio, ■ au'U'^Nhu' on l!n' 'A'c-i, coa-T can al.-o ]><' _L;ot " clear " aii'l would no doul-t iio for fine vioi'k. V'(>r uiasty. and i'or lieiivy ral'U'i's mid utln.'r iMiiua!.av.'t jMcf.s uT Vav 7Vj>.:..i wurk t,i' Ikiuscs . tliere is no Indler wood in ilic world th.-.u lids — llio yvlluw V\v. viif Al'ic- Donglassii or dou:;'Ias ('inc. a.H'.l iC u sallu icii*. :-ii;'V'!y of ;.';oo.' cly:u- cc.'.ar. au-i while }iinc lor line moiI-: can he nminl toi Vain ■oner lslai>..|, llirii lUe cf/louy tan command two iiiijiij.tant sop.; .,-e.-. of sn^'-jdy i\": \<\\ a.cces-ild.e niarkol:-. 'Hie J5alsam Fir. rc-enihies the baisani lir (d' ("anada. ),\xi Is Lu^ucr. ;-ind po.'si.bly " lialsaiu " may be ol>laiiied fn.'iii llii.s tvcj, a.r Widla- fyoiut'ii- Oanadian. 'I'lu' ald,er.i are i-vniarkab[e f'ui- ti/cir si';-.e, .soiiic- avc of ^'.-c-^t kri^iit. ar..tl l]rci'C feet in diamelei'. They m:il\C a ;,'oi,d cUarvoal fov ^vo■.•'Kill;i; vtvel an i !ur liglil blacksmith's wcnk. Two kinds of niayle;. the vine n>a.p!(- is soarce. it ;'s luw-l and ion.uh, of this, .'is of the yew and the crali aj^nle. pj>c>i\ Ix^iits k'aee-'S ini;:ht, bo inado\ TIk.- broad leaved inajde. (Acer .AJari ( l;i.'ow> plorilifnliy in \ -a •.]•'■ any or. iind to a ]art;e si/.e. Tie' wooil ■..- es'.teiiifd by tl;e Darives vA' iS'ew raisdonnf. as l)eiu;4' llu' taui^diesl and mosr srdtable fov tl'.e frani(> oS ti;e sno\r .-dioe. The uJiitc idnc of coioniercc has i-.oeii spoket! df, U e.'-.ist.3 i>i) tUe Wc.-i* i'uast of Vancouver, in biills of sodk.- uiUes i:^ lenLtii. ^'ellow Cypress yields a fi-a;.;ran.t wood, c'.oso e-rained and raj.abic vi' .n p-oo*! (■'olish: from the baric Is raanafacinredi, by tii.eiia.tlve.--. ii'.auy ■,-!rt',(d(s of va-ayin;.: apiiarel, caps, hats, itc, and i;askets, lar;^'.' and >iiva'd. [t is also \vi;vvn inir. ro[)e. wliich is strunc; and dural,.U\. used f(\r I'.sldu;..'; iihcs, sliwi-t vil'.iilr, ;in.l t'pear lines, and canoo pnri'oses ^cKcially. I'rum '.lie rioi. 5d,:uik can h;; oh- biinctl which is very liandsoiaely veined, and liears a U'^h;. nulls'.i. all li.Hed iov {irnamental work. Tlie oak found in the poulhcrii pari; of the .{slaad. ii s»ja}i i;t size Jmit siij- iiiirably adapted for siiijis' knees. i\;c. The service tree. ( Amclanclder racemosa i ,1 f/(,-af(tif(/I stiidb. produces fi berry ot great utUity, dried iu the ^uu it ii^ stv^red ',>y the ualivcs ior vinte-r 57 Tlio rin:;tcr Cherry f('t'rii:-ii? Craccinossi | vie Ids ;ui ngroalilc fruit, tlio luTry v( t!;is .-liriil), jiiul <>{ the prfi.c'iliiiL;-, i,-; iuIiIimI to lliu !iiirr kimls of I'l'iiiicaii. Tlio Ciimas^ of tlio iiiUivos (Sril/n l-'.sfiihittn), the iiutivo cMiiori. t'oniH nu iirticlu of diet. IfiMii[) lu'ttli.', (/ '/•//',■'/ Ciininliimi) ^"-I'dW-; wild ai'tiiiijil Imlia;! lodj,'0:j, and is ii.-i'il liy lliu natives t^ iiiuke a ea|iil,il twini', wiiirli i.-i maini- (acturc(l into not-, kr. .Salial berry {(!u.il!;iriil,ri'( S/i'/!/'>/ij ;i caiiil;'.! fruit for domosfic use. .Many varieties of tlio (irdcr riirr;i,i,/r arc found, tlie Ida licriy iiu.-Iics df St'Otland, are reiirosented liy hand-onif slii'ui)s. Tlu; cranljCTries are culleelt d in Iai'j;'e (juantitie.s and form an article of c.Njiort. In her Coall'u'lds the Colony of ^'aneouver possesses almost ine\hansild<- weallli. Their ^■eoloufii'al history anii edniraeler hasi' lieen already ^i\"en ; ii. now reniiiins to >late a few coiuiaereial and workin;,^ details, in i-eferenie tn i!ii' jiortion ot this \'aliia!de ea rhonilei'ous dep'isit, uliicii e.xleniliinr r'>nr.d tl.f v>dioIe of llie northern jiart of tin- islaml, is at presenl only workeil ai Xanain.o. At this iil.'.ee there are three mines at work, vi/. Newea.-tle l-land. No. ;; I'll, and I'arkhead f,evel and Sl;i[:e. Tiic area of land l)elonM in;^- to tlic l|i'.ds(m'.s l!ay ('nnii>an\', \\I;o wor'i tiii- coal, is aliout Koon aeres, of whieh pndiaMy more llian one half are enal Ixil-. The area of e(jallield e.\jMO!-ed by bores, is nine hundred thonsr.nd .-(luarc yai'ds. In these new e.\|d')ratioiis a seam 4 feet n i.udjes in thirkne.-;. \\,ih ii dip of I in '-' 1 . o!" nearly '2 in ."). has been t'onud ami proN ed — a gou'i. eleai:. hard coal. The out ci'ijps of two oilier seams, apparently nnde'rlyinv the ene pro'.ed. Ii.ive l)een found. One measuring six feet in tliickness, the other lliree feet .= ix inches. I'"rom the three mines above muiied tliei'e wvvo diurin;^' the tw(dve i.ionfh.-; ending Ajiril .'loth. isDo. raised, and -iiippi'.'. 1 l.i."-.") tons ol" i'!i:'.i. on board ot ITil vessels. The total tonna_L;'e of whieh pridiribly cweeeded '(.''.iiiio tinis. in lliC sueei>edin_c;- year. endiuL;' ■■'n\[ \\)Vi\. 1 Siil . t'.iere were 1.1, '.'O'l tons raisdl. and for the six nnnsths emiiny (i.'toliei- .'M , !s;;l. s. ■.!'-! tons. The pi'iee averaged si\ to seven ibdlars, or iVom ! v\-enty-n\ c \it t\\'eiily-ninL- shilliu;.;'- [1(1" ton. (Jon! for blacksmiths p'irposes. I iiree ili)Ilar< per ton. The number o!' miners employeil in these vvorks al jnesent, i> alK.nil h,Mtv- .six : (jf other hands there are se\enly-iwo. olleii more. 'i"he a\'erat;'e eai-nine-.-; of miiwrs paid by task v/or);, are fu'i l\'e shilliuL's anil six ixnice per diem. Ai'tisans.N.d.u'lit ami lour jtenee to ten ^liilliirus. L.a- i)Ourers six and three pence to se\en and two pence, and in addition ail reee;\e medical attcndane(>, lutnse, and allo'.\-ar.ce of fuel ;,M'atis. The followine- statement of the (dieniieai Cdniposii ion of some ol' the coaN found on the Pacilie, will be illustrative and useful. .-Iiowiup- the (dose relative approximation of all. while those added from the carboniferous deposits ot' Rnirland, will show the special diiferiMn'es existiuGT. It is not merely intended to dejtreciate in any wny the enalindds of tiio Patdlic. \\hiidi seaMeied ar'intol in variou.s regions, are of the highest value, but nieridy to ])nint out the true nature of the coal, and in .some decree show how all will tend, eaeh assistinif 68 lliu (llicr, to the dcvolopniont of coiiiiiicrci:il ciitLT]ni.-c. Tlic coniposiilDii ol ii ;;\iiiiilc <)«'' Wc'Lsli oiil i.s given for coiDj/ari-un. Kv.Buuartim.irauiKB'i-ii l.'H'ALITV. Oil > \Mi; Ol- coAi,. ^■'•T~'"'*-"f*''^nT'*"^'m"~"r"'™ ii g .yp-»-^„.f ■»».._■.->« (i.Mvilv i jlI.V'irn-lNilr... .-'ill- Usy ,,l ■ ICmiImiii, n'l-ii. j.^'li. iiliiir. ;;;'i'ii. Coal. Wcl-h {'oiil i.iio:. \';ni l)i('iii;iir« l.iiml .^vditcy, N. S. W ' J iinii(i-.i l-l. 111(1 1 .'J4 J'.on\c(>, 1 1 ft. scinn I.'Ji Io.'A:'.' .'i.ll f).i' CMi.rcprK.ii Jjiiv, Cliili .,.' i.'j:i 1 '».:,:>■ .^.Tt; h.m,-. \.u-i \ :•,::■{ I ^"i'- I ,.f \_^^ .'lil.!)-t I -[.'I'.-il ].-2] I.ImI (I.!»4 1.45J H,-,.i) ;(».40J ■(.:'"' I.ll (i.Tuj 0.27 14.;iKJ Xiiiio 82.;!;) I :..:;2 1.2:; d.to | .s.;!2 2.04 78. 2»! ."..T'l (».X\ , ,-,.:i2 I l.(i2 2.20 ' H.7(> i,">.m;i It li.i.s l/"cii wol! !-'!iiii, Ijy Cii[)l;iiii riivli;U(l-,,1ii tlu' ••,S,iiiln.pv.ii.-l tiiiMn, find prevent it fiiir comitclilion in foreit^-n iiiailvet.^. A ^iooil ;inil Kjost u.-efiil comI. it. niiiloiilitcdly is. Imt ii'jt sufiieinlly good to eomiiete in forii.'ii in.iil;t!t.-, iiiiio.-;.s at u reduced ]ii'iee. 'i i:e J.alrii.Tii coal in tlio Ivi.-^t is lieiii;.:- exUnsively dcvelope;! by tlie term- of tlie li.-a^o j;raiiteil in l.^.'iO to llie (.'onijiany workiny^ t!ie.-e mine.-;. Tliey aro liound 10 .«n|ijily eoal to iiny of Her .Maji!-ty'.s s-iii|).«, at X! per ton — and .,i>uQ tons uf coal, the lease to deter- inine and ceH.-^e. i\li tiiat i> wanteii to develo)* the coal-lield of Viuieoiiver, is eliea|) lal'Oiiv. When (hat .shall lie aviiilahie. tli( ii the coal will ri,iii;ihiirf •d\[ readily aeees.sililo juai'kels — |(!r it is undonliledly the be.- ton the whole I'aeilic Coast. ^\'ilea till' labour market shall be in ]H'o.'es.-^ of time fully snjiplied. and wa- ;res sii.ali liave rea(died a lower b.'vel, iIk-h tlie coal will be raised at a pirico .■^■irli(i''i:tly low to ad'nit ol'its rem uuerat i \e caioloymcnt in smidtiu^^' and man- uf.'.ctiiriu;; work?;. .Vt the present rates of wage's ami eonse(inent ]irlce of i,v>:'.i, all njetalic oi'c.s must 1m' sent i.o i'lii^laud {\)\- redaction. (ji/ld is found disrJPininated tliron.uh altered clay slates — spread out upon the .Icpo -its of yellow tertiary clay, and in the sands and f,nav(d at various p;ir;s id' the 1 dand : but the (piantity is too small to be remnnerative. Iiidi- catians (d' silver are reported — and pridilic ores of copper are (uund at ('(n\- iu lian, in the Ka^t, at Baiclay Sound, on the V.'est. and nt Q^iccn ( harlotte'.-i \sbuid. in the Nortli. a most promising J'eacock or Iforsefiesli ore has been iouiid. The red and black o.vides, r^reen earlionate, and silicate ol the met.il -.we all assdcialed. t)f this ore the loUowiiii^ analysis has been returned ; The I'rinu 8prin>^s de.s<;rilicd iis e.vistinL'' at Admiral Island and in Xanai- ino lV;-irict, may prove of value at ;i future day. tlood eday for brick makiuij :vi) lun'ls. fiuej^rained j^ranito boulders, freestones and limestone.?, for building ji'-ajuise.. — touLtli whinstones for roml makiii;,'. ii'^ch *tf: (he naltiral prouuctions of llic ccdony, and in its prcient infant ;)'.> of f.lfttc little lii\.s ris \el Iie-t-ii iluiic to liini iln.'iu lo coimiUM'ciiil a'lvaiitii^ro. rMpi- (i\l iiii 1 liilioiir aw Ijotli Wiiiiti".!. "I'lic chief ii!(li;-tri;il pru.liicts iit jiris.-nt aio, ?:ri;cil iiinl siiiolscvi li>li. ill ilic iiiiiiiiiil l\iii, wilii .-jrirs anil IhiiiImt Cur limin' uho and 0."C]i(ii'laUiui. .'•'Iii;! liiiiMi:iL;' \\ill iimvc a iiio-t V!ilii:;l)lc aibl vciy Miiiiiiiciati vc luaiich 111 imlii^try; at jirc-ciit ;:'o(iil ii-;clul vp-soN not cojijii'i-l'i-ti-nci!. |if for the cua.-liii;,' tiMilc and for lisliin^,' j iirpnsfs. can In- lniilt at iIm' rate nf loiir- ti'i II ]iiiiiiiil> slcrli;);,f )ici' t'lii. Saw iiiill-i and uri t laiUs arc iiiiicli wantci], (lio latter c-|)ccial!y. The ;jraiii '.tcwii on ilic l-Kuhl his lieca iiji loilii-; time aciiialiy e.\cliaii'^c(l a;iaiii.~t Hoar Iroiii Oreiioii to the inaniff>l 1ms- of tho fanner. A fniiiiclry ami steam Haw mill in Victoria allonl tlie id' aa.- of con- Mniclioii fi'r .-lii|is of all classes, for liniMini^s ot all si/cs. Ill the mineral kin;.Mli)i!i. coal, as has heea fall;.- detiiilcil, is tliecmly imt'Oit- aut iirlicleat lU'cseiit [ii'Mdiiced. Siii;-i':iic lini!a;ne> arc hca^ (rcclcil lie a cuni]! my (joint s((ads, liiniled j. iiiid liu' Tou ii (jf \'ictor;a will hi' l;^lt.-d with 'iii-?. 'I'lie anonialoa.s r(dat,i\'e political ]in.-i,!'in iidd liy I'.n.' ( 'oli)i).e.> of l;;-iti^ll CidnmSia and \'.-.i;con ver Island, lia- liccii frciincclly thoni,di iacid' iitally re- verted to. l'].-seiitia!!y one. the commnni!} of iiitcrests is so maiLed that it i.:! >|nite impo^,-ildc to treat of them scj'aratcly— to cunsider a part and not the v.diole is too narrow a liasis to allow idju-lice Immm.;- done t ) eillic. I'.otli possess lii-eat mineral Wealth, and n lnai the coal iicMs nf N'aiicoi; vim* .-hall he I'lilly di'Veli'iied hy (diea[i lain, nr.it i.s (jiic-t ioiialde which .-hall )i:i---e-.s the (ircatesl. liidtish ('i.'iinibi.i ]iosse'^,~es a far iji-imIc;- area of apriciili nra! land liiit ihc is lU-hidenl in si'.-i jiorts, this \'aiii'on\cr Islam! at once tl;e .-liidd and bulwai'k of her chores, snpplies. When a janction of those colonics shall have heeii circcled, and time shal! have developed the re.-oiirces both of the rocky :-ca icpcllinu- i.-laml ami tlic k'rlih' iiiiaml plain, Vancouver wli! he the I'umim rt-ial mart, the •• pl.-u-c where iiierchanls im).-.t ilo coirire^i^ate." hei' .-ea ji.-.rt.s lillid \'.illi shlaplnu- fn m every (juartcr of the j;lolie, her storelioii,*es and s\-ha!'\-es proidaimin^u' i!ie ad * antae-ct' of Vvcv Trade, and Hriti.sh ('ohimliia jiaiticipalini;- in her ]irospcr;iy, v. 11! tl:eii fiml a niarket. and exit for her produce. In \'ancoiivei- Island the naturalisi ;uid ilie Six.rtsman nill iiml widi- (itdis of interest and aiKiisemrnt in their •\-arious I'lir.-iiits. The li<:s iii\-cn in the Appcmlix ^v:ll show in some dcu'ree the /.ooloijy. iMaiitholoL'-y. coiicho- losiy. and economic. liotan\- of the coniiM'y. Necess-iriiy '.cry imperfect, they are inteiidi.al simply to 11 hi. s tr.it e ami com ey sonic notion of its natural l;i>lnry. The iiopniar as v.'cll as the scioiitKic, dI' ~v-tema;:r name.-; an- ;_ivcii, tiie latter ailopted Irom the tuh vol. of Paciiic Ilailruad lli jmrt--. The .Shells aro entirely from one loc.ili^y, vi/.. IJctwcen r]^(|iiiniait Jl.-irlmiir and 15c. icon Hill, from the rocks at low wul;,'!'. ami 'lie dreilue from >\ dcpMi of about 10 fathoms, chielly ofl' the Imibour of \'ictori;i. .\s mj;;lit l.'c e.\])ecteil, many of the. idiell.s are of a boreal 1,^■pc, and shew tin.- iiithicnre ol' thc'se arctic curr.'iils spid^en of as sweejiiiifr south, to beloe,- ihe latitude of .'"'an I-"raiici.= co. The list of birds shew.s Vancouver l-'.-iiid lo lie a re.-tin;; jdace for many iiiie-ratory species. Insect life is too limiled to kceji the foalhcreil triiios stii- lioiiarv. 00 Till.' <]i(,'i"t'ni:i!; will liiiil aliuii'l.tn; use U>y luitli rod nii'l '/iiii, r.iiil ;>- :i liiiir- liT hi' iii.iy iINtiii'.;iiiv|i hiin^clt' in the |.>i'«"t, llic imiiii;i. iIp' I'l'ur sm 1 \Iic wul!'. Ii"iii;.;' wiirtliy (if Ins I'l'dwes.i. Dcci' stiilliiii;^ tiiiiy Ik* t'liji'Viil to utiy iMi'iif, if thf H'l'iii Ik* ailiiii--.ilili' Ml II cmuiiI'V •'> tliirkly wnmk'd. (ic-at iiiiihlni'.- air .••h(tl iiiiiiimlly, mil llir ;;ri'at. rcil ilci'. or ilk. as hu is |i();iiil.ifly rallcil. \< iii- iloi'l a piize aay s'liM'tsmau iiiiy Ik' priiiil di". (!,ki 1 r^pDir nii/lil ln' li i'! wiili ii IV'W (Majil • i.f -Miin.'li -U'W limiail-. Iiii)l;('a IVmiii ('"it : iiinl willi ulliir IkhiihIs a li!aiil> t\;\y ihtiI ii"\'i'I' liajiiifii. Two 'jK I ii'.- ni' ;.iMiis(' aic rniiMil oil llic l.-lainl, till' Mil!.' ami tlic 'ullU'ii ;^!'ii!iy". Till' latlcr Diily !> sta;hPiiary, tlio t'oniiL'r roiiics in the spriuj- ti) hrecil ami is [.i)i>iil;.rly I;:i(nvii as tin' diiiiu iiatiiil^c. rnnii tlio i!;iiiiii!iin^' mii-c liiailr |.\ tlic ni .if Mi il. Ill ilif (Mil;. |ia! I. nl' .May tlic lini lurd i- liiachi:!;:. l!i'' lu'-ts ;;i iiL'r:'.lIy liavia;;- t'nini H'li In clcvi'ii cy:'j:<. ill .Si'|i!rui')>.'r tiii'si' hinl-; .11 a iijirar, ami il is not Know ii wlicfi- t'icy }j;i) lo, >i> tli"y ari' iiovcr >i'('ii a^- liii till llic follow in u' spriii;:', wlicn iiiifoi luna.'cly tlicr t'.ill a [iivy to till' |Mo'.\liii;' Imliau. A law in Miiiic ili^iic prolcrliN i>. is iu torci'. iiillii'liii'/ a [i.'iialty I'oi- il'^aliii;.;' in ;.',:niii' allcr ami lu'l'irra (•'■itaiii date. i/iU iiotiiiaj' '.vill I",!'!- >li)]) ih'' [111 tcliiii.^ jiroiK'nsilirs id' llii! natives, iior is it iiaiur:'! that :t -hoiill. \ I'ry thick, and the bird- .|a: d\ o!i the win/, lie niii-:t la^' li.ird, and haN'c a ready cyo and liiiLicr, \\ho w oiild nrik'.^ a h.i.,'. < 'iic or 1 \'. o conidc of widl hi'okcii r.rf i\(> sicinicls ai'e licst for the ilii(d\ nnlcrwood. iioiiilcis or sellers arc in a liU'a.^iire lo.-l.and there is no t'lir lo distract Ihc siianicl and draw hiai iVoni l't';\l h'T. |)ov,ii anion;;-st till' tlii'-k t'ern, and lane-led Miiekel-; id ro,--e iind sweel hriar, w here aloiiL:' a e-entlc liidlov,- ii|i|ile-: a tiny .•lreani.i> llie place to Iind •' Tel ra-." With a ru-ii and a whirr he i< on the v, in;;-, and ^'ood .-nap sh.tt innst he he, tiiat st.ips iind hii^- tlie nolde Idrd ere he shoots (Uiioiie'st the lii'iinehe,; ot'yonder iiolde pine. A e-,url relriever is invaliiatde, .'uid [KM'haps the hesl iIol;' of all, a well- I'loken Iri-i: ."^paniid. an aniiiml \',ith s'renjtli ami ila-h antl yet oheilient lo coiiini.Mo!, will ^ivi' most sport, in rhis country. The hirds when spnine- take lo tree, '.vlieri' iliey in;iy readily he liairued hy liiiy poacher. In tlie e irly w inier snipe ami wild dncic aii'md ;;o()d sport, tlo.' former ha'' sonic sp>.-ci!i • did'crence, ihc eye s"es at once ihat. it is not the sanic, though Very lit.e I he siwpe of ^reat. I!rilaiii — il.s llight. is strai/liter. aiol the hill is .-.iieh'ly turned np, Ivvcellent l'-oiit lishine' iiny he had on every stream, and in all the arms of llie sea into which tVe^'i wafer run-:. In the tormer, tl.c v(dlow Imrn trout. ,iml in llic iaHer si';i trout idse rendiiy to the liy : the reil and hrowii hackle, and a ti\' wit.li a purple IkkIv and a di'. ike's wine- hein;.;' very killiioj'. TridliiiL; with minmi'.v and spawn, are :iiso elfectiial, and are the only means hy which .salmon can h" ean,^dil. these loiilly i;('iitlemen rcl'n.-in;^' to shew a tin toanv lly. eillier in \'.uicoavi'r or on the coiitimml. Close to his own door, every man u'ho lo\e- the rod ami ijuii, may enjoy ei^jj .sport in a line climate, nearly all the jcar r..Miiid. 01 li:. if all" iii- iili her •v<\ •(Ml a.lr iu:r'AnTri,ATioN am> ukn-kiial simmauy. Tlio iM|i:iliiliiic.-!, iTsoiircc.-', aiiil mlvaiita^r''-* (•!' Vniiromtr I-liiml wa u <'()l(tnv lii\ (> Imcii statcil pjoiK'ially, in llii.' ri)rc;,'-i to notice, iMnlci' llic spciiiil ili'siTi|pii\ l' iicad.-i. TiU' <" i|ial);iiti(',-i \\\;.y iiiiw lie I'oiiri.M'Iy jtiUi'il, iis 1 - t. < Iciioji jijilliral I'd- itidll. •J(|. Cliinalc. .'111. II irli'diis. The li"-iiiir('('-. !i,s l>t. .'-III. -ij. '"iiiilicr Miiil otlicr Vf^i'ctalilc iHMMliictinn.-!. '.'«\. ( '(lal ami ullicr Miiicruls. nil. i-'i-licrit'H. '•ill. TiMilr ;',l|il ( ■(Mlinicli'O, TItr .l'/'''iii/'i;/i\ — |'ri'.-.ciil and I'm^pf clivp. IIi;:li rite of liitii( -t r.'V ('ii[iilal — Hi-li rate ol' \Va;;'L'S i'or iiu'Doiir, Clioap I'lunl aii'l I'Mcllcnl Mriiiis n( IMiM-atioti : The llapiil (mowIIi .im! hiM rldjiniciit lit' ( '(iiiniir; I ial 1 iniM>i't'Ui''L' : i'cady [■)ni|diiyniriit and I'riA'ision I'"!' {'"ainiiii's. (.".M'Min.ri'ii;':. — I.-t,: Tlic ^rco.^r.iiiliii'a! I'.i-iiinn im1»!i' In tin.' d'-\'idi)r,i!icnt of iiri- rcri.urt c.-;, a. id ijuii" .•Jiillii-icnl in it- si'lf, \\iili Ihc utlicv ii.inii'al ii.i\ ar.ta;';;'.- thr pi'opo-ition ■ (lie <'ii'ciiiii-.laiues niidiT w liiili tile trill \','a> made Wi'i'i' not faVoiiratde. It i-' liwt. iiUunK'd (o a--;<'rt that \'aii('(juver e.iiild e\i;r lia\i' made a i_:-eat Colony l)Nt .~lie Would l..i\ e made ii pro.^peruii.s one. and eonld have well inainiained ;i joiiiilatio.i on iii'f oAii niilnral re.-ourees. Her ^-eo^jMuliical po.-itloti ;.4'i\'e.- her eoiiiniereially and ii; a milit. u'y point hf view, .>-tr Italic/ ie.illy t!:e eomniand id' the North I'aeilir. licr hold and ni>r,L;ed >hore.-< li.ive lew hiddi'ii dauii-ers, ami the seaman knowin^r llmt he has fule an.l ,-nro .uni'l'-, can in the darl.est iiiydil as in the open day nni for his port. Carrying' on a trade w itli Aa.-^tralia ;die ha-: thus already rstahlislivd icla- 1 ions Willi three .u'old prodnciny- countries. Her impoi-tanee will soon he felt (Ui the di-!ant shores of Itn-sian Asia, of Japan, and in the China Seas, from ■w'mmicc an import. int iinmig'ratioii ha.-, already .«ct in : and when the v.ealtli of Lii'j I'aeifie I lands eoines to be dcveloited, Victoria \vlll lie the cmjiorium of llieir irade for the supply of North \Ve.st America. An out'post of the Mother Ci>iintry. do(d\yarils will receive and relit the shi[is that protect her commerce aiul the honour of her lii.g. to the goldoii re;:ion.s and firtilc plains of I'.ritish Columlii.i. Y.uieouver Island will be " As the .strong man armed that ki epelli the iloor.'' TiiK CiiMATC is most snlt.iblc for the Anglo-Saxon con.stitutioii, in fact for all races and teiniicraiucuts, ueillici' too relu,\ing in the Summer beat, nor ilc- i.,«ii4>»iii'ir<'»''^^p*Wf'L*w(Wf»i»*'a«**w>,'(>!i*Tii' <;2 pi'e.-,siii;i!y .-ovorc iii tht,' Wiiilcr 'mi'.i!. Free i'vuin all ciulciiiic, am'!, wii'i .-H.^lit l'\(.L'|i;iiiiis IVipiii all (.■:.'!. Iniiii' (lisra,;"s, iH-sidciits ciij./v gno.l iicaltli, au.l .-iiill'i' only, or ill i^ix':i\ pai't, iVoni causes alroaily ,^iv(Mi. 'I'lii- llAUiairiis ■'uriii tlit,- (.'liifr (if all ilii; rapaliititii';: of the J-laii.l — v>iiliu'it tlieni, u'e \^ra|iliifal [H/.-itidu woalil avail liei' i.nlliisiu- : l.iil having- the.-i', .-!ie us CMialile.l to make \\>v hei.-elf a jinsiiidii. ar.l with tlie Odii'-'uiuilaivt ailvai:ta,i:i;.:5 i)i' Free Tra-le, lako in>li';r',pleiii rank a.- a (.'uhjiiy. Inn. lln-so tn'eal iwUiiral adviuitage.-, Ijeluii;^- ot' r!;.,-ht, a.s linuli t.i llw (.'i)iiliiieiit, llie ^liua-, of '.\ hieli \'aiicouvei- guard.-', ;iud i.;) .-ueli iM.^liiietive ri.ul-t as now dhtains e;'n loi.ij;- hold good. 'I'lie havliours i/l' \'a iicnu ver are the, -■■a-juji-ls (it i;i-ili.-!i ( 'olninliia — aail Hri suidi, ulien a union of tiie Tuhniie.; sliail have taken I>la.ee, their y..yv:A ini- portauee. nut only !>) I.he Not lii- We.-leni [iortiun, but to the whole of Lliitkdi .N'(land lieiii-r a ^^rain {.I'oiliiein^ cvMialry. ll is -imu! v that; her eoia ii.nei.il e,;i;)ahililirs ave -T'lier, owiii^' to lur I'eu'.aikaide natui'al ail\'anlaj,(S — her pu.-ition helvwea two u'old produein^- re;;i()ns, and rio-.j to a grain-!ieai'in>r country, where, lor some }-(':'rs. the lae;li;iis {'nv (/lii a;nia;j' and workiuLj- land have heen pieater'-iL i- siu.j.ly inr these re^i-oiis that a,»!ieul- ture ha.s taken a .seco!i(h>ry jilaco in tlii.~ ( '.doay -when the land ^-hall he oc- cupied !iy a ehi:-s of Farnieis--w.irki:!-- men — w!io wul i)ut iheif own haad^ to tlie plou,:^iis : th'.ai will the I'll. 1 ve.lwe of i.'ne s,,i] Ij^ known, and fur hoi.ie co;isumpt;on, ilie C'donists nc'd -ee'v no foreign aid,. Tile timinr ot Vaneunver is nowlnre -nrjiis-aaljand the supply is inexhau.-t- ifile. except in so fai- as olisiaeies u;a\ exi-t l> i- its I ! an.-jiort to llie.-ta. '1 Ik- reiiort on its (luallMes, hv t!:e Fn ncii auiiiorities in the !ni:ier;al Dix-k-yaid at ill - ' Toulon, of whi :h a iranslatioii is i;-iven, is verv laterc-tin;,' and instrueEi>'e — sluiwimj.- clearly I'ie ereat value of this spl-ndid pine, of which a lar;^e cxiior^ trade is in the shajie of ma.-ts and spars of the hir.e.-t si/.c. aii.l in Inniher. CoAi, — This is an invalu;;lde resource and means of wealth, and (■!•,( li fuc- ccedini^' year will incrcisc its importance — when the wood aronnil the settle- ments shall be no long'er ready at hand, or Ci^i^y of access, the ilemand for coal will increase liolli lieru and at San Franci-co, and more 1 tliour will be !'e(|u.red — when labour ;.hall bo at lower rates, I'lea the coad ui;iy be raised at suliiciiMit- ly low prices toiiay in smeliiu;,' wor'cs and ;^-e!ieral nrinufactories. TiiK FisiiiiifiKS are ve!-y promisin;,,', and will bean important element in the prosperity uf the Colony. Tliey form an exception.il case as n\L:ards Indi.cu labour- — for in suih an (M..a iniatiiai as this, the native will work freely, and bet- ter than a whiLe m in. .Salmon, c._i\, h;dli)ut, sturgeon, licrring, ealachon, kc, may all be caught in gr.at (piaiitities and prejiared for e\i)ort. TfiAi)!:; AND CoMMi'Mict: are the gr.ind resources of the colony, gcograiiliicai podilioa, iiittunil advantage,?, and Free Trade lustitulioiit, decline her to be the no (.■oiiiiiicrciiil mart of t'le P.k ific. Coinnierco wlien free will iilwnys liml ex- Ji;'.ii,-.i();i. Till': A[.\ A\T \(;i:s (icrivalilc from tlic cniiabilities anil re.-'ourccs di'taili';! :il)iiv(' ami wliicli iiiiirii! li'ail an intoiuliiio,- c•mi,^•^allt to luiopt Vaiicouvrr as iii- hnino, :)!■- l'!:Ksi:\r and ruci-i'KcrivK. The iiresciit iidvaritaLi-cs art'— (m ilie tM!>ila!ist. a hi'.;li v:\\c of iiilcre.-l for liis nioin'v — to the a^Miculturi.-t a rirh and \ii'-iii suil. afi.i.r (drariii;.;- rei|iiiriii-- little lahoiir of workiii;^ lor many years, ;j,ivi!i;;- an aljiindant r.'iurn for seed sown. For him, Free Trail,. j)rovi.!e.; chea]) lonls and agrieiilt'.irai iniiderjienls, and at ilie same timi.- >\ill develon and foiMi a home market I'.r !iis jiroilin-e. Hut LJie ajjirieuUuri-t who wonld snceecd nint. F'viior;; commaiiiis a hi..;h nriee, the wages earned by artisans and skilled meehanics (.f all kinds, as widl as liy day lahi.uirers, with whom a dtd'.:r n.'pre.-rnts a shillin.;- in '■'.v.iW Hritaln. is ^jroof of this, and wilha! food ii tdieajici-. l>ome.-tie servan!-^ :;rc- -;i ^carre that the rates of wages !:ive;i are no riih; to go 1 y. Nothing Icllei' "xi.is in llie rolony however liian saea la'oonv. and an immigration (d' n; -ji. vta Mi; yonng and nuildle aged women as domestie ser- vants and nnr-es, is vei'y mmli ncialed. Till' j.ros|iective ai!vani:ig"s are tliose aeerr.ing, ist— I^'rom an <'ar'v settle- ment ill a young a'id glowing colon}- situated a- a eoiiimrreia 1 on poi': inn li'- tween gi';'at Weal;;i pi'od n.'ing eountries. L'd — Tiie eertainty of olitainii'g indepen li'iii'e ami nitiMmi rl; a eompetenei' in a short time Ity s'eiid.y inde,,«iry. .';d — The many op-port unities ad'orded liy llie development of the roluny i-a ii-' home and fori iga '.'i la i io'..-, to provid.i; for iiuil settle i;i life the yoathlV! inem!>ers of families, -liii — 'fhe excellent systems of sciioeds and of eiuoa- tion in this colony, which umler various managements meet ilie want-; id' ail. Such, then, tlius indedyand slight!}- skelehed, are some of the eapilniities, ri.- .sources ;ind advairage- of Vancouver Island as a sett!emeIi^ Within the iinu^^ ol' a:i V]^f;iy it is iiri[)ossil^le to do je- lire to them all. Im; thoy nro snilicicntly idvions, and their force suilieiently self-evident to invito' attention IVom the eajiita li-^t. the merciiai:t, tiie working farmer, the nd"er, tlie artisan and skilled meciiaiiie, and from every man who takes a pride in huaeii laboiir. APPENDIX. "'™Tm°i "rVaToiS S'"™' •"■"" °'"°"'' =« «*'V" 8MP T.P.Z, QUAUTER E.VDI.VO 30tr J j.ve 18G0. DATK. (■••^t. I est. Aver- I Kungo age. j 20.25 I 30.04 44" I 5]y,o \yp "/8 APUIL, B.ironiottT, Thi'iinonicti'i-,... fliffuce hctwecii 51 A V. JJaroiueter Sd.ji) T1i'T;ii t.NietiT.,.. I)!tl"ni'fl)('t\v,(ii we', ciilrv bull), ^- I J ij ti e. I RarnmotiT - .",0.47 i 2!). 76 T^i'riui.iueti'r,... 070 \ ^-n/o I>lff'lli-.-lift\Vc.;ii' : ''"■^ wet Atlr.vlmll..| 7'' j 1° ^4 --lOO :3O.0.3 I'll 1 o I.J 2!).f..1 I 30.04 4.ii^o I 551/0 .12s .SO 10-^ No. of Days. WEATUKK. 4 1-10<^ 75 l-lO a No. of ; N„. ,7 j \o. 7,7— nTT^ ? I 6 it « ■a _ S I ^ X 30.02 01° .71 U]4 Total 17 iViir. 18 IViir.l 20 Is k! & ! 55 i i Var.| E&Si - ' ^ I "S sw sw sw S : 14 Q!:auteu Endin-g SOtii Septe.mher, 18G0. July. j IlironiottT 30.2(1 Thoi!ii.i;u"tcr.... • U7'J Ditr'iH-clM'twc.iii wet Ji ilrybulli.i S^.';'^ Aui;iist BlU'OI/KtlT,. Tlieriii.jmet' Diff'lieo between Wi't A.iry l.iilli. Sejiti'iulper Haruiiieter Tliornimiieler.... Uirt'-'we hi.'twecn Wf t « lirv bulb. QUASTEU E.NDING 31ST DeCEMHEK October. 15;irouii'ter, Theiiuometer,... Dill'lieebetWfiii wet & ilry bulb, November. Unneneter, Theriuoim'tt r,... J)ill'"iie..bi't\v".'n wet.t dry bulb Doeeiiifier. Barometer, 1 Therm,)met( r....! Dill'iioe between I wet.fcdrybulli,j 30.25 COj-^3 .3>^ 29.63 05140 0° 30.ST i 20.20 01 30.01 45'^ m 155 30.1 S j 40 1-10 I 40 1-0 i 0° I 1 1-30 -0.54 I 29.4;; 59" 2S>^'' 29.90 42° 16-6 62 15" 3" 1.57 20' .J 5" 11! 13 Viir Tctal. 10 jVar. i 15 I N I i & I I NK I 11 ^7' & Var. 12 N & 7 ic'liiil I 38 ! SW .c'ms ESKI Var [2] Metcorolo,!^icfil Observations, continucil- QcAUTEH Ending .31.st Makch. .Iiiiiuary. 1 lian'iiic'tiT no.nv 20.r,5 an.oi .72 ; 10 Vnr. 11 Viir. 10 Vnr. TIliTllKiIiirti'l,... :,\yp '■^-'A ■M 28 .t Dill 'iKi'lictwii'ii c'lUH wcf ii ilry l/\illi, li'. O Sir; Kiliniiirv. Baidiiictcr, .'!0.C,7 29.10 29.94 .no 9 c'lriK i Var. Var, 1 Viir 'fhertrioinctiT,... 5',t'4° 29'/, 441.^ 130 & BilViiiv Ik'Iwccii Viu-. m't.t (IiyliiiUi, 5 1 O 4 .Munii. BfiroiiKfcr 30,r,o 29.44 ;'.4 2.'. 02 40 1.10 24 14 Var 4 Var. 10 Var. 3 Var 'I'licriiiiiMictcr.... Kill 'nee bctwccii 1 wi't ct ijry liiilli. ^'i 1,/ 21.,; i> 4 Tot.il •• ;i;{ 22 i .-.I (il'!ll1il 1'iita ISO 1 1 1 97 1 T;^ 1 * ' 1 ', _' .._. .__' Meteorological Observations; taken at Victoria, Vancouver 1859, 1860, and 1861, deduced from Observations taken and 9 p, m. Island, during the yeai-s daily at 9 a, m., 3 p. ni- 1 .No.of: TIht. liar. i'oar. Month. Uay.s. Mean. .Mean. 1 1^09 Uctoli.T. IS 49.20 29.s;i .N.ivciiL'r ;'.o 40.4S 29.i'i9 Uci L'm'i- 00 OU.29 uO.Ori ISOO .Iiiiiiiavy ?A .".9.S1 29.s:, Kcli'ai'v 29 41.I>1 2'.i.7.s Miii-h :u 4,-,.:;:; 2'»..-:i .\|>ril :'>i) 47.40 2.I.S.-I M^iy :U ."1I.79 2'I.N.'l .llllK- ;;o .'is.17 2'i>.'i .(lllV :u ."i9.:;:! 29. •.> AiiL'Ust :;i o:i.O.') 29.',IS K\- K.x- 1 1 So. of Th.T. i liar. Kx- K.\- tl'CMlO i IfllKl Year. .Month.' Days. MiMn.l .Mian. tl-clUC ti'pjri II. at. r..l(l. ' 1 1 !I.at. «\.hl r..').o(i 42.01, 1 Thtio' ,.•) ,00 ;i.",,0'. 47.00 I) iiiii. ;il 41.22 29.00 U7.00 ■.'^.Vo 47.00 22.00 '; 1801 Jan. .•!1 ;is.4^ 29. SO r,o.o5 27.00 hli.OII :u.oo , Kfl.. 28 41.70 29.70 49.0."i ■',:>..m ■..o(t :!.'i.0() Mairli ISI 41.27 29.S2 rdi.oo ■s-;.v^> lil'i.llil 4O.(l0 ; Aiii-il 29 i7.i:'. 29. S2 'i7.o.) 44'.(tf> ^ 1.1 Ml 19.iio May 31 1 :.2.ir> 29.90 (i'l.O.'p 42.(.V 72.O1I . .".O.IMI 1 June m !.-,.>. '9 29.-2 71.00 4S.0() 7(1.00 1 04.110 • .riilv 29 riO.',>7 29.'<0 75.00 52.2.5 1 August 20 f'lO.Ol 29.80 ;«>.(».", no.oo Abstract of Tlierniomotrical Observations, from a Register kept at Port Victoria. Vancouver Island, for 1850, showing Maximum and Mijurnuiu Temperatures- &c,, &c. ~ — ■ Tlii;i!Mi):Mi;ii-.r.. y \V K.\T II i; It . . Date, ^lli^'lic.-^t. Lowest. No. of Days. | >'o. of Days. No. of l)a>M. I No. ■f Days A.M- P.Jl-'P.M. V.M'U'.M. P.M. ^ 1 ■/. • , S 2 18 H 2 S ^.= \ Win.l :■ Z~' Wind \Vi,.,l ; ISoO. • ^ i u 2 -- .-■* A?P 47 (0 1 i 22 ;'-i ' 21 '^■h\ c5 lo- 1 XJl .lanuai-y. ... K'9ii'uarv... s N& .\liVE .■5(V ami W 1 N and »K 44 5S 47 20 :!(■> i 29 10 Nan'lNt: N n ll ^« SE Manli, 49 Auni-it Hi'|iirnil"'r, 02 74 o;5 45 ;-:9 1 49 1 24 H.SW NW Calm Octolior 55 71' 52 • J»l 48 .'iS i 20 .V. XK.sw , iC'nis.rts Noveinlii'r, 52 nn 51 02 08 U ("ni^. r/t' !•; vinil.^ 14 1 SW s\Y 1 PF, DecenibiT, .. 4::; 1 40 44 ^■^^. 24 10 10 t'm-i. i;t \ win. Is 10 Calm 4 !!W 1 HB Total,.. 1 1 201 1 i 90 1 1 50 17 [3] '. u .1 lily Ti>nii.;-vitinv. ;;; tli'^ >!ki.>. U'V i;,r y-.\r Ml':, I- :M:ixi)iiuii; iii.a Miiihinim 1 V.0 .'iiMi.nry.. i-'t rii;irv. ^I"!l '■ A. M. I'. M •iiiic ;,7i.c i:lv: ^\^ ' iiiuH-t. , r,:'\u ••■ p'"riil"r :.-P' •'■■■ 'III- JC'T; '.,A..-iiil..T :'.'.i',T i'-. iMii.rr ;,r, " *•• p. X. i; 'ir. ':'•;:■. ■Id ."S ■ >T -"■T It (i'.t u\ CO' / 7 1 Mil.- CO (•41-/. 40 ill «liii(|(.. f. ,1- the vcir lS(ii)-C']. I'm;!!^ -llili. ; ■■M'l'ii M ! .M <\ r,!! ' -IiMi (;■> i .I'liy ;:;;:: 04 : Ai).'\i-t i\:,\f, \ Sept •'■.il.'T Od'" I Octnlpcr r,r,i,-; I \iiVc||iIj"|- .j!|'" ' I)cr-i 111'..'!' 4,; ' ISIil .iMMiiMrv 4:^, r.'i.rs..iv 4:;i.-; I Mi,;-,!, 4U ' liii'.yTcni! ilrtr. 4'.i .",S ;V,ii {, .Ml." 44" •ill ■|0 f ratn: ". kc[l en M r.sV.-; f.4v: 4S1.: 4U' 4:; •IS ■f-t P'ivCuC .1..3STRACT of Metcorolcglcal Observations, ta1:cn at the Royal Erg-ineer Camp, New Westminstev during the year 18G1, by cr-ler of Col. R. C. Moody, R. E., Con;- niauding the Troops. Latitude, 'JP (leg. 12 :n:n. 47 r,ec., Forth; Longitude, 122 deg. 53 mia. 19 sec, ".^cst. I'' I.: -.'III'.-! )'i'.'i''.;i-: : "i iii< t.-iv Mim-;. iv i ■ ;:■,. rul f. i f' >].!i-r,i;i;rc. ;it fi.r;0 .«.. ?i, ■ ;: -ith Ft-li.. wa"...:!!' '■ 'f .'111' iii-'iiii lii'i:;lit ■• '• •• .. ' I. ■ ""i) ('4:; ;'t ";','! p. M_ '• ...'ii'.'ss ■■ " •' :\t ',i,."i) A. M. I'M -".i-.,! Hoc. ...•J.:W2 •;:'.Mn'.iin! I •f.'.;v!-;\i.:rc ( f A:- ■;■ •'liii.'l; . u* '.'..".(■ > . M. nr; (uli ,iu'.v. T-'"! 74. P, '••"■"!. '^ ■• " S-i.O M-:i-ir;i!; r.i'.'ir' •• •■ :i.".il \. ';. ■• 4s. s •• .'■'>■>'. M- '• fi^j 2 ''■■i!iu-!;> r"!ii! i-rat'ir" '■ •• !'.: • v. -i. en i)l -t JiMiunry ."!!!!.!!!'!!!!"!!! iJr.o •;■!■':■. V n'l u'.'r.i ;i iiilV'i- lu.o ■r,:;i'r-.;:n ti-iij'..T,i(iii-.. nr, tiii ; ■:'.i-'-', ..'i; :.:' -t .l;;:ii) ^rv licv) ■ r.'at'Si iiiiM.iNf i:!' iluiiiiiiity, •■ ■ .[...J^.....^^^^......./... ^ ,) ■^I'Mf; •• •• ' !' :'.ii \. 'T. " 7 " ■■■'■:■■■''• ■• '^!!!!!!'!!!!!!"^'!!!!!!!!"'!!!!!!!" 's '■• '' " '■■"•'■■ V. V,, ,,]■! (t'!; .'illy 4.'; Th- ( :-! TU ..r !!'<• j'if f! ;.'•;■■'■ ; ^I'.r-.t • ) f... t 'i! ..v ti.- )■ v _■] ,,f tlir s.-.. AU ill- 0^.^■■l■Vlltion;^ W- ,«' ■; ,il iit ',l.:;i ■\. Vi. .;.■, ; ;.'. :; 1 r. \!, ihriv 'In 'i'.':i.'!it th ■ < H'. Then- v....-'j v...*,.!-ii! Civty iiipit.. in Sm;;. ,.]■■,■ .1, i;,,- :','!ii I'.!;;!-. a:i'i ;Ivv i-!-- ■!i>i;i.-iicfi3 on the 'Z'-.n ■' •n!,..r. ... ri:i!u i-r 111!.; !.!-:it>.'r / „i; -I; • u"i'; :.!..y. :i,\! Mli. 2;-r. vi;i(l. ;u li i;-;!i A\;^vist lii-'ir.'jr til!' !i;.in.|!> nf J.inr. .li-.iy. AniV.-i. : ii'i .-^.j.! j:,;i- r. ;!!■■ .•unciinr (.f iW/ry wnj iDrcii.-iiU'val :•> ■ ■;■ 111 ■ i'Mb .ii-.l, ||. . i,..| |ri., .|- ^ i\ . „,, i,;,ii, ,,ti.,i, ..r ;t.-- [.us 1.1 .-. Th^.' ;ii 1,11 riailv aiiii'uu! (rr -1.8 . H- V. ,,uM |„. i;i,i,.-,(t -d hv .'j .111 til' .S.~. ')•-'. T .\ !! L K . .-■. --.viiij: th" <" ?-:i;i;. il:^ r.i-it'i':' r .f w-i'--- ( n ul|i( )i it f'll. t!;(. -.iv ?!i li'.iir.i'lity. .Tn.l in^an fcr:';.^'- atu:-" lit Il:>- air. il', ','.:jii a. :.!.. aii'l .".."a ;■. M.. aii.i tli.- lii\vi,;t ti'iniTi-ariirr en tjip ;.'i'a;'s in < a. •. iu .iit.b. MMiarv.. .»■■• L.Ti'lN. .^^alvll..'.., AMil IM 111--', r'AVS. HrMU'iTY. ','..■>! A. At. -'I -10 r. if. 'II.\. n\ C.K,< .' I- ' "1"'" !•"' '"14 ::;!.•_' .•;."i.4 1(1.0 ''■l^-- I'^ '^7!l r.^:: 4J.:! i;ii.() ■'■■■■!■''■' '■■' :-- I2.ii ^-j r, •j;,.i) i'^ :r-\ .l^.^ r,i.4 li't.o ■'}^'>- ■''■■•'■■■ ^■■i ri-i ^:;.(i a7.7 ;!i.o •'•';"• ■'•"•' !■' •:■■':■; -'..l m,; ;t7.0 •iiil\ ii.:;:',':! ;i (-,74 ,'4s cvn 4,,.() Au'-'Msi ■|.!i7."i ■> 74:; '11.11 iN.ii .".v. ,5 .■-■'liii liiliiT I.'i7,'i :, 7s7 ,-,u.u ,■( ( ).r, ,, "■t"''"r 7.11.1 M i.i].', .iv.s .Ml,'! 2f..i") -■>■"» 'iii'ir 11.7.M S-', !'U ;;:i.l 4ii.(i •s:.o Di'i'oiiit'cr. 7.-"i'Jo :^ii ■lU) :',4.2 .".").:.* 11. Tnral (ill.tv.j '■•t Haln •'■•P (111 1-J ,!av;< wlicii th" win,! v.-a-- S.. wly.i .-i'lV.. v>la 11 AV., 1 v,;,";i W,"., M when NK- ■ ■wJii'ii K.. I'l v.-hrn ,«'i;.. ami :,■> -vlii^n .^ahii. Till' fii-cnri'. t la'l ,-1 rain in 2) Imiii-'J iii"ii-';rr.,l '2.1 'n lia-iic^. nn Jlii- 4tii N..t.';ii1" r. Tli" avirafrf .'a'i for everyday of tli,' yrar wa^J n.liiU ii\,-iiu.-;. Tin.' aV'.'r.iirc fali f .r '-'acli \vi .l.iy ^'.a.< ('.."(,,'.) iiidu'v. A foini)iiris..ii of thi'i alistra.'t with rlial f.rtlii' year T>i'0. ■ h. wh t!. i! ■'<.'i.u, irnlics mufc riiri f':" ■', ]Sfi] tliaii in iw,i). Kain fell on l:i tiii.rr ilays in Ivil than in l.SW. T'l' ni'an hR!i;ht of tli' liarmiVr wa.s .0711 1(>...;. The nn-iii amount of Imniiility wif .'iiis ;.'p.iUcr. Th'i ;'i'":n ti'mjiiraliir.. 1 f vir in iii:.(i« ■•vas ;", 1 j.ri.iti r. Tlii. ah'olnti iiiiilii.'.' i;i-h't!- -.f fi-o-t, wx-n: ir.'aily at iL.i.- ; -vn;!' T)r'i'. iiili r. U.'2''A v.i<-\vx if ri -• ('■II ill HOI, ami -lii-Xi iiulii'n In iMJii, In tlic n'li.aiiiiii^' nii>iitlis V.t.'Ji'i'i iiicIich till iii IMil. iiii'l !:.>.4 in iHiH). Ul' tlie eiitiiu ijiuuitity of ruin -0 hn lu^ fill in .Iiuuiaiy, NuMiJiliri-. icinl Diiimln r. i:i e\.'.: /•'itr. 1 111' pii'vuilin;; cllrcction of tlio wiml (hiriii!: ruin in butli yi ars was K. ami .«K. .iini'' »a.-i till' ilrii'nt nmiitli. anil Aupii-t tin' uaiiia.-t in H(ii). .(niv was Imtli waniir.-t ami I'tiii ;'.1. 'I'lii' Fiasci- River nttaimil its lii;rlust iovil at Ni'W Wt'.-.iniin.»ti'r. for tlir yiiir 1S(i1. (,ii tin' >'tli .Iiin'\ mill Its luwc.it. Iiiiiii: a I'.itii I'rici' nf i) feet ii Imlif-i. uu tlm 17(li JIanli: Ir twnfi tlie tutli ul May an \ I'ltli i)f Aii;;ust, Hhips dill lint >«inji ttrv. in Him. llii' Olisirvatiuns \wiv tiikcn liy IJnd CmiHual i'. J. Lrai li. and Lami' t'uniural .). Cnnrny. It. K. i;. M. TAUSD-VS, raptain, X. V. " . ■ — V, •J > d xi r— « •a '3 ►-» '-* r- a" tier o 03 ■S^ c K. ■S 3 s»-> '" " ." j 12 'J. |Not j^ui ty ^5 — - o o Guilty. 2 ^ i^ 1 ,;; -W i I 2 ^ c ?' a; - V ^1 3-1 X - •^ ^ >-i : > » '^ ' b o O t) U =! « »« ■r)> a . ; Ol „jij 1 I*-" ' i ■*-, o CO i-« M 1 i>« 1-5 s g r o X " c C 3 I ' i ■J »-. I ^ M T 1 1 1 — T 1 : : ri — -r '.". »* r^v- i owv*- r2 Ir. CC ■S S 2 '^ ^ x _.; O * = O C - r: = c :/> ii :; — -o 3 ■- »-j C O — •■= .s '-;; :3 "s - t: •- 5 ^' ir-- e J3 7; C' -< c/} -r1 5= u5 -ii O CU D- T; -t! CQ ^ -3 ^ .^ tl) «.j a ^ i' ^M C .-5 iv 4-. c "bf. to a o be [5] A List of Charges and Summary Convictions before the Police Magistrate, at Vic- toria, Vancouver Island, from January 1st, 1859, to 30th June, 1861. r.KFesTES. •■hiiiunicariuiii'!! Oommon .A.-snult Aisault u-itlj Intent ..iU'ccny T'lloiiy Soiling. spiriLs to Indian 'iicovery of W.-i^^es i.»e-f'rtio:: -'-ooirings Total o- I O s ilU, to' 20i In,-.:"). n [ ^ ! 1 n r c. i 1S2'" :;} 30! J4 J -11' ';;i2 IM 21 GA 21 •.;ii; Kii,-- 18 CO. -5 r*^ H « ai *^ n P^ ^ ;i * r-» -J "X' •j:) '^ n ■^ Cu •J!^!! 7(i 3<;f> ] (m; 21 3 21 12 • t i:> 4/ 50 07 20 8 2s ;i3i It 11 1 ;is Is 11 — I ?! :3. i O ' o' ! 102; US' c no' 7i 121 r.i 1801 O H o =r K^ p ' •I oi; o a. 2r> 127 1(1 •is 20 5 (J 4 11 1 i;; ] f) • * • 27 ... ;i 01 2:'!t Total. 1184 27;i :n 241 CO ins oy 28 ..2101 i SCHOOL REPORT Drawn up by the Rev, E. Cricl?e, Acting Superintendent of Educa- tion. August 27th, 1881 . fii;. — T h;iV" till' liiuinr 111 snlmiit. for t1ii> infonrjatioi; cjf Hh Excillfivy the (lovcrnor, tlio acr 'iiu inviriL' I'l'iH'Jt KM the MaU- hI' tin' CoUiiiii,! Scluuils: Irtt. \ ir(i'. Till? i-'xtli fiumuil f xiiminatiuii "( thi.* Srlior.l x<»'\^ ,-liir(> (>!. till' llitli dl' .Inly, ultimo. ;it wl 1.1 nifc. . I. ii.im . I ii'.iFi. ..11. ?i . 11. jfiiii. iiiii.-'i. I. t li'- n:.%iii iiLlllil'li ' .\'HUili.iii''ii ''i (III-t ii Iii/'T (.I'l'fv ,-liir(> (>!. till' liitli 111' .Inly, ultimo. ;it which tiflv-tliii'i' iiii|iil:i wi-ie jiivhi'iit, ami tiltooii boye ruroivtii '.'izi'.-i. (l.iiiiitioiis l.y Hi- Kxidli'iii'V tljc (iovfriinr. Thi' liiiliji'i-is «.i' i\iiiiiiii;i'iioii will III' foiinil in S Miiinil'rMti'd in t^c.-itic of the inlviUKi-il giilijcrts, jiiirtii'iilai'ly in linoli. .'.•>!>pin;.'. Mini III ' srhool :it fir.L''' «iu- Ijiiuj- wol! fouijili'd in tlic eli'li)i'iit;iry sntiji'tt^, f.<[ici'ialiy in r-u.i. /i;: ami ortlio^'r*)iliy. 1 coi.-iiiliT ihr ..(-hooi in ai:"!! i:lly satisfartoi'v i ouililimi. \\n<\. .si't'inji that tlicre i-i hnt one tcai'hi r i' f.lty tini]iN, iloin}; it-i work well. Tlii' chii'f di'f'ct ulfsorvahli! is i. 'I"hc remaindif of tiie roiii i- ii.' the winter roi;^h and inconvenient, hut at n very little oxpeiwe a fi.id pathway could I xtended tin' v, hoi" di-^taiice. It would lie fir the lieiiefitof education that thii* ctionld I" doll!' Iiefoie the winter, either hy the (lovernmeiit or hy suhseription. The almost nominal rate i.-?r>. or llU". per annum), at whicli in-^irut timi at a really useful school is pTi'ii, luinht l,e an iiiduceiuent to parents and others to ('ontrihute to it.s improveinont in this aii J 1 tlier respects. 'iiid. t'raii.'flo-.ver School, Mr. II. Olaypolc, teaeiier. The sixth annual rxainiiiation of this School <■■• 1^' held on the nth July. ult.. .it whicli twenty-ont" puiuls wcru presi-nt. Prizes, the gift of Hiii ii.?;celleiicy. vi^n- awardeii to three hoNs and two L:irl.s. Oreat pains ios evidently I n taken with the sch dars duriiiK the p.i.st year. They arc well ,-Toijiided in the ejemenlary Julijects. ami some of the elder pupils displayed cousideraMe aptitude in 'ieo^i'^^phy. (Iranimar .ind Aril limetic. 'J'lii-^ .'^(diool I-: we)! situated for the popu! ■! ion p-i.win;:' in the n,'i;.ddioiirliood. and is, T fe(d sure, confo-riii.!.' important, advantaees on the <'omnniipty. The Sehool lenij,', which contains six rooms, iiid th.' premises lieiicrallv, need <'oiisid<'raljle repaii-.. Tlie School )U'servi> coii.4ists of fiveacreH; no j..rtiiin is al pre.-ent under cultivation. *■(!. \ai>ainio Sciio,,|. Mr. f". liry.int, master. Of the children in tlii'< .«.'hool are eljrhteon n...t fxceodintr seMn years of !o_o'. I have not had an opportiinity ot visitintr it reecntly. hut from frecjuetif <.'iinmuiiicalion.i with tlie teacher and informaliou derived frum other source. s, 1 have reason to helieve licit .Mr. Jiryant coiitinin s to .iisplay the same ae following Sclicdules will afl'ord more detailed information on the points to which they reft r ; The jiej-iod to which these r.'turiis relate is the year ending .July. ISOl, [ '> ] Victoria SniooL. ClUlOFLDWEU N.i.N.u.'iiy ATTENDA.NOK— Nurnl.iT ri.w on t},.- 1 -...Urt: M,.l , I'. Hi 111-. a;.,vl- I'V :,:; ;! x^ . )'. " 11 'JJ 1(1 ;■> Tu.i.r I ' -JI v. Total. W .•J I :>{ 0>) Adniittiil iluriijs tin- yi'ar — VlClORIA S( lluul 2t OllAKjFLIlWER Wa.nai.mo -■< Total Riinovtil (liiriii;; tlic ycar- Vll'TOBIA Ckak.h.oaeb Kil^'AlMlJ '.> Total 3<> Avomj;" Attri..litiu( — VlCTOKlA S' llooL 4- Chak.fhiwer Iti Kanaimj 'ii Total •*•* SlJlUK<'TS-Nuiiit>iT ..f I'u! JN i;< .'U.-l. . Vt,«-,bi4 ) Iloiulinn. Writing, (iiaiuniar. (Iiih (icumitrv. Liitiii 5'M">k l<.c'f(.» T'r:MV- ?in [):;:,-• .* v.oTORU. y Aritlimctk'/ ji'MV-'iv. Hi.-tiv II .. j Aritlimctii'. !;i'''V''>v. I!i.-.nv oil '. 1.'. ...... Crmoflower 1:t in Na;uimo u ;j Ill,' ') 4 1 (I I) (I Total. 4'J -is •> 1 ... oJ. Enii'luiufiit.^ nci/it'i'il l.y llu' T. a. li. is iluiiii:^ the inr-t viar : .. 1 .. l^^: . 21) ;is . '-M ■2i\ :■< .«.\L.VI11K.S K.'.'J I'lim l'ii|iil..-i V..liiiitatv r,..,tr(I.!ifnir.s Victoria .£1.')() t) jC;.i Id o .' CD :; t'laijirlowvr 150 1-' IJ If i) 't Niiliailiio... I'.Vl (» 'J.". 7 fi... Total... £4,".() t::; \> >'< ..- .£',1 AUhoii^'li it is l»>y(iinl flic I'imvIpcc oftliis Itrii..rt to ■uti':- iiito t*.f wiilc ,i>u': i loji.irticii of thf in.'in^7!i,it.'., that tlicy ,•»■> si.iing so at a Miiall 1 harf^c on tii" I'lilUr It'vi'iiuc; aii would 1)0 severely felt, it is also jilaiu tliat thc'V aie at iTesi'ut in an iai; .■ilVi t ai.tl eleiiirdary stati' Thisai'ise> partly ti'oin tlie ^lowlli nt tlie |iii|iil.' aiel the A.urt lime iliiriaj; i'. hieli. in. niaivv laHes. tliey rjinaiii at si liool: hut eliiejAy frum the i!i..>iil'i(iioi sajii'ly of tearliii,;_r j.,i\i.r. It cannot !«■ e.\[ierteil lliat while fc e...! -J,'! t,) ■')[! -ciciiai-.s Kie niuli !■ five I aiv oi' a .Miieile tca.-liT wirhdiit assi.-tants or iiioiiitm-.-i, the s'lioi4s slioiilil he in .so I'thcieiit a state as ii»i(j;ht be tiesircd. It i-. thcnfore ;;:ralifyiii^; uuikr thcM. circuiu^tan-.i s In U- ahlu tu ivport that tln-jr ujc -working ir. a -'illy useful manner. (.Slg'ie./') KDVV.A i; t» C\\ [ IXi v.. Actin;; ?'j.iieriiiteiideiit id' l-'.c.ncation. COLLEGIATE SCHOOL FOR BOYS— Victoria, Vancouver Island. Visitor— The Lord Bishau of Biitish Columbia. This School is c-milncted np.^ii the plati ut'th.' (Sratiiniar Siilim is of Kr.^hiiid, a.';.' ciii-Hgr.cJ :> ::_'!,alil'y for the learned profcs.-ions, cuinuievcial and nieiianfile pursuit.*, and for the lUiiveisitics. Ill additiou to sniuiil reli'^iidis iiL.-.s: il< iioa. th'- l auw! uf edm ali.iii miupudcs a tLmtoa^h .j,iuf!'.ii E:is;;isli cdn.aiioii, Arithinetic. I'enniaiiship. Matli.iiiaties and Hook Ke; jmi;,'. MoDEUN Lam.ivcf.s— Krciicli. (ieniiin and ^pa;»i«h. Ilehu \v. (".|-ei-fc ,uid hat;u. Kl.KMENTs UK .V ATiMiAi. l'iiii,i)S')i'iiv — I 'ir.uiiig. iii. iiidiiii; Lindsce.ie. fc'ieurc airi Li:.-' DraM-irv:, v/.\.\i the priuci|des of architecture and desi;;ii. Boys will Ih! admitted from the figt> of 7 and iip.varils. TKiiVfj; From 7 to 12 years i:.3 or S: 0> ■' V2t>li') •' (i or 1 •) Per nrxrllt. " ]•; and iipwanls .s o or 1 I.* 1 i'ayablc in advance. A rv'diRnv./ii t<> fuauiie.->.se:»din^ inore Iviys thai one Two rucation;) in ",!. v voar. LADIES' COLLEGE, Victoria, Vancouver Island. Visitor— TIio Lord Bishop of British Columbia and Vancouver Island. Tho cunrsp of Ediicatii-in comprises Holii;ioiis and Moral training, English in all it? brtvni.'ht y. vi >r;i Lau^uagos, .Music, tfiiigiug. Drawiiit;, I'aintiug, &c., Ac, io. or [ ' ] Teiimh : I'lid. r 10 v('i\rs '•f ago f') <.r £1 0) Kroiti liitolS " U '• "!• 1 T) n^ Poriuiii\Ui. Al,..vi'l.'> •' 10 i> or •_' (I 0) The only i'\tr;M firi'— 1. Modirii Liiiigiin.^i.s ; '.'. Music ami Singing; 3. jjittwing and Painting, ■t.;, "r Sfi. pir nuintli I'iicli. ► • . AMOUNT of Gold Duat and Gold Bars shipped by Messrs. Wells, Fargo & Oo., Victoria. V. I., from August I4th, 1858, to December 8th, 1861. iJ.vTics. U. S. Currency Pound.s Stg. l<,'-t.. From Aiisuyt llth, tf.Aurciist 27th S8.R03 06 £1,700 12 00 " .S(.'[)tfmlir 'Jiul. to .Sc'ptenibr 25th 27,S71 40 5,57-t 4 00 '■ October .Sth. to O.'tober 24tli 9,707:") t)2 10,415 4 00 '• NdviMiilir ,stli to Novembr 22ii>l :i:),248 03 10,0)0 12 00 ••' f)e"euihr4t:i to Dccembr 27lli 1.08, 70(1 70 21,7;V' 7 00 l^.Vv Frum .fiumary Gth to .JiUiuary 22!id :!;{,041 00 (J, 008 « 00 '• Pchruarv lOth to Febniiirv 2st!i 85,004 48 17,132 18 00 '•' Miuvh lOtli to Mircli 28th 44,240 OG 8,849 4 OU ■' Anr'l lllh to April 27th oSjO.VJ 23 11,70117 00 " V;iv Htii toMay20tli 112,802 88 22,500 1100 "• .ji;n.'(,lh to Jiiue 25th 70,45128 15,800 5 00 •' JulvOth toJulv20tli 55,810 03 11,103 10 00 -' A'i'}'t>=t 7th to Augu.H 28th 75,71.-5 83 15,142 15 00 ^' SciVs(iUi'i)r Tth to Sci.Lemlir 2Uh 51,320 72 10,204 3 00 " Oc'.uboi- otii to October 2 7th 53,02100 10,004 25 00 '• Xovtrnbr I'itli to .Vuvembr nth 44.700 00 8,059 4 00 •' Docciiibi- 5tli (o I>cccnibr24tU 128,052 00 25,730 8 00 ]^<,-. Frocn Jauivirv <;th to Jaiuiary 30th 70,000 00 17,320 00 00 •■' Fcl,-.iarv Slh to Fcbrnarv 2fn!i r.4,905 00 10,999 00 00 " Vlaroh IHli to . March ;{Oth 4!t,811 00 9,002 4 00 " A'-iil JU''. CO Api-il ::iJtl! 89,7-;0 00 17,056 00 00 -■ Viiv- ilth to ,Mav- .toth 109,950 00 21,001 4 00 '•■ Uinv'tih toJune 2')th 124,019 00 24,023 16 00 '• Jr.lv 9th to .Jill r •-■5 111 107,26000 21,4520000 '' Au'Mist 1st to August 20th 135,120 00 27,025 4 OG ■•' Sc-ptembr 4th to Septembr 18th 84,403 00 10,880 12 00 " October ;nh to October 27t,h 160,448 00 33,289 12 00 '- Novembr nth to Novcnibr iOth 121,309 00 24,273 16 00 " Decembr3r4 to Deccmbr 23rd 178,099 00 37,019 10 00 HCi. From Janiiflry 4th to January 28th 73,50100 14,703 4 00 " Februiry 9th to February 24th 43,527 00 8,705 8 00 " March 1st to March 27th 7 2,041 00 10,408 4 00 " \pril 4th to April 25th 77,027 00 15,405 8 00 ••' MnT2nd to Mav 24th 97,007 00 19,413 8 00 ••^ june3td toJutte25th 144,088 00 28,817 12 00 ' July 15th 74,700 00 16,541 4 00 " Aiunist 9th to Aiigu-st 27 108,226 72 33,043 7 00 ••' Heplenibr 17th 71,18100 14,236 4 00 " October 8tU to October 20th 154,016 00 :iO,!»73 4 00 •' Novembr i7th 205,998 00 41,199 12 00 '•• DecembrSitli 108,053 00 21,010 12 00 Total. $3,750,11130 £750,022 4 i — , ►♦-• ■ YANCOUVKll ISLAND. Bj Uis Excellency, James IKMiR-lai". C. B.. A<'- *<•- Wk(>r."ii.»,. I bavo icors eiiii!owort"4 liy Her Miijofty'? OrJTinr.mmt to fix tli(? itr^ot prke of CountlJ Ic;.-.;;! riib'm Sin- (\ li^i.'j A \i.'icom<.'V hhM tmy wliicli Uiua fiJo wtilt'ni niuy ac(piir« tlio Hanio iMrnl: IJo it tlicrcfurc known unto all nion : All f'.iniitry l/iml to l«' Solil iit 4h. 2i|. pfr Acre. I. That tlic upset jirici' of all Country Lainl in Vancouver lHlan<( bIiiiII N^ from licrici forth •4." ii per aire. i;riti»li 8iil)ject-< may enter upon ami oerupy Ijind, not lH!fnt» iitherwife resrrreil, iji n rtafn qiiantities ami in iirtain iliHtrictn. ir. That IVniii anil alliT the ilatr hereiif, U)ale Britifh Snl'jeetH, iinil Ali" t:-t «lir .*'■ ill talii' the o.■lt^l of nlli'f:iuni I' liilnri' tin' Cliiif .liist'ri' of Vamoitvi'r Ipilaml, aliovr the ap' if ••i^.'^htteii yi ain. Piiay |;r«~ ")npt aiiHolil Crown Liuiil-i In tin' Dlsliiits of Viitoria. Kscniiiimlt. Mrtelio.trii, fli.' lli;:hlan'l^, Sookc, North ami South Siiunieh. Sail S|iriii,' f-himl. Sallii.H IkIiiiiiI anil (Mii'iiiaiii.<, (not heint,' an ItiiUaij KeHervp or Si'ttleim iit.) of tlio area, ainl innli r tin' ninlitions following-. A Sin^li' M:in, l.'id acres. A Marrli'il .MaiT, uhone wife is ri" ane of iif;hteen years, n .siiU n( in the ri.uii ( ohmy, nn uilditionAl Pre-eniiitor. hrfore n'i-.>riliiis his Claim, to t;iU,' the Oath of Allepiiinio if a IVUi'th Suhjtit wlioii.'iil hecomr Siilijrrt to some othi'r Nation. (11. .\ll llrilisli si)h|irtH, who shall ho iliTiirotiK of Pre-eni[>tin'i. ami \>.!io inny. iil the timi ( i ren Til. hiivi' taken tie- oath of alli';;ianri' to. or hccome the sul'jcet or rili/i'n of aii> Koc iu;n Suvereijri. .State or .N'ati'in. shall, as a e'lnililiosi preeeilenl to remrilin^ their elainis, talii the Oath nV .Mle^iijiiet in manner iifmesMi'l. I're-einptor to Heciiril hisCliiirn inimeiliatel\ on Oeeiipation. I'ee. IV. Inimeiliati ly after oei iipatii'ii. lie' I're-empfur shall iTcord his rhiiiii at tie- Office of tli« .Purveyor (Jeneral at Viitori;i ; payinj; for Mieh reeonl the siuii I'f ei;_'ht sluiUn^s .u.ii inur iieni''-. Keirulatiiii; till' Form of Cluims. V. The lan.l I'leet 'd. if uiisTireeyed. ."hull he of a nTtanirnlar fnrm. luel tii" s.'ii'ifest wide of nMd .-Pftangle Mh;ill lie tw(i-l'\fth.~ the lentith of the hmei'st .side; .'ind the t«'!u.-il,ii !■ s (>r s.v h laml shall alct.' run as ni'iirly as pussilile hy the eunliiial jniiiits .if the iii;iii>.i.i.'«. A'l. H'hen' the land smiL'-ht fn I"' aninired is nnsur\eyed. ;uid in wl.'>h .ir iKirt i'.'iiieied hy ro.' rTi», nioiintiiins, hike.... >tt,'iii(ps. the margin of 11 river, ,ir the sea o)ast. o- other iiali.r;vl hieaidarii s. t'wu b'.ieh natural Ixiiindiiries may he i((lii(iti'd iis the Ixuindaries of the land sej, el' d. VII. The ihiiniaiit MJnill. if tin' land is nnsiirveyed. f;i\e tin best pos.siole deseti|.|ii>(i thereof ir. writinf,' to the Siirvey'ir (ieneral. at the time of record, with a map thiieof iiiel shall idenlif-t' the 'and, iiy pliuiiit; a [>ost tiiiu any etlnr lindiniclii ".vhiin !uay l^' of .1 iioticeahli' character. Mode of Itecordin;;- Claims in Surveyed l,iinds. VTII. If the |;u;d. howi'M'r. he snrviycd, the rlainMrtt shalT cive tl\'; dr-ncnptioii aion^said I'j- idcntiticatioii with the landmarks laid down hy iho (ioveniment Snr\ey. Payment. TX. The chiiiiiaiif hIhiII, if the land In- iinsiirveycif. pay intc the Liuo (HRcc ,-,T Victoria, the yun. ■if four shilliiiMs iiml two pence jier acre fi'r the Haiiie iv.s soon as the Im-.d is included within the (iov- i-rnnient Survey; if the land he sur\eyed, he shall |>ay into the said I and Oltice tlu . '.nn nf tour shii- lins's and two pence per aere hy three iiis|;iliiients. viz: One shiKiii;; and me pi'ni.y per ii.re '^itliii; one year from the day of record; one shillinv. ami or.e jX'nMy i^t acre within HMi yeacs from the saiii day of record, and Iwn shillii>j;s within three yenrs from the said diy: and any defiiuK in any of the I>ayiiientM aforesaid, shall cause a fnili iture jd' the pren'mption cluirn. and ol the iostaliuent.s lif ativ ) jiaid up. Certificate of Improvement toh-' ;,T;uitriI afler two ye.^irs orcnpation nnd 10s. \.<'i r.i re iir-ptinenmit X. Winn the |iri'-eni[ili'r. his heirs or devisJi'S, shall prove to the Surveyor Oei.eral hy the satisftu" Tory evidence of third part i. s. that he h;is, nr the\ have, coI^tinI^'d in pi rinauciit nceoiiatinn of t>ib •■hum for two ycirs t'ldiu the dale of re. dnl. and has m- have made [^riiiaiient iii.iiroveuients thereori, t" the value id' ten ^.liillinpi [xr acre, rhesiiid Snricior (leiieml shall i-*^c.c l.ii h.lm or tiu'n.1. a (.ertitituU,- if improvement, in the f'irm marki li A. in the Schedule hereto. Holder of Certihcati of Improvenient nciy !-H, (j'.'ise or MortKasf* XI. (poll the i;vant of the Certiliiiile of linprinonn'iJt aforesaid, the f.^rson to whixti thi same ig, i.SKiied may. snhject ti' any unpaid ii.slalnieiits, sell, mortfmce. or leuse the lainl. iu Kspei.-t "f which HUi li certitlcate has h>f the I're-emptor, reseiviniay be n'ljnireil for roiid.i or other )iiihlic intriHWs. and re.servinp also the prei ious uuuerals, nith a right to enter anil work the same iii favor of the ('rown, it» AH.sigii". ami l.icenvein vonveyam ■" I d' IVi-cmpted Claim in Un.iiirveyed T.ands. XIII. If the lurid is not tlien ineludeil in the GovoniriK>nt Snrvey. the conveyiir.ce snail, with the repervations aforesaid, he e.xei nfed iis soon as si^ni u.s [Aissihle after the same is so iiridiided; and the- i'rcM'niptor sh.dl. iiiion sin-vey, tie eiititled to take any quantity of niipri'-enipted land, at tin- price o! four shillinirs and two ]«■!«-(> i>'r acre, whidi miiy (jr laid off into the Sections ni w iin h Ins pn'-empterl land is situate, or if unwillinir so to do, he shall /orteit so m\»ch of tlio pre-t.-mplcl lai-.il u.'j lUs Ui iho«) Soctkius vvliii;h he is tinwilling to porclujitie.' tilt tlCP ri- ■.fti MM [^' ] rriniiiff, \1V. Priiirity r.f lifii- filiall I..' f.htiiincil l.y \]if iftftn v.'- . \i],\g |n a^'Hi.i! '■>. .•iiinitiuii. ^\ti>'A I'.rn ■•'■'f»r.| liir cIhImi ill tiiiiiiiii r af ir.'-.iid. ?c lf"i|iirr I'V ('••■i- [HI-' ill -iiiill iTii-ii t.i n( III y '•'"'» |'i'-< i-i| t' il an ,ifvny. on l«'iiiif ^aili-fl",! ol' mih Ii |» niiniii'iit rff-'itini,. iinit'l till- tliiiiii lit' tlic |Hi>oii Mil ititr til (i.'i';iiiy tlw s.uin', .iinl ri'c M'l ilr ri.i\ii tt laiiii ol' iir.y tlur iii'iHuii .iiiliHlVinn- till' riM|ulhitiiiti:' iifuii-iiiil. iiinl in tin- 1 \riit ft' aii.v iktmiu tirliiig ii^ri^rii Vii! •J 'TiMit. hiK niiiiily sliiill Im' iiiTHiiiiiilly iij:iiiii'-t tlii' iiii>.i.ii m. iii I'l'ilini;. LV/iiijii'iisutlipn I'lir ^Va^tt•^l^ Injury. Lviniii'iisuiiiin nil uiiMt'ur in.iury. XVI. In till' I'vcnt nf the Crnwii, itn Asiltiii" or Mrcn^.-ot". iiviilliii;,' it-.-M m- tli.MiHrlvoH. if tV# •■•it'Tviitinii tii fiiti r mill work thr jui rioiH iniiH'riiN a- iit'ii^Miiij. u r''ii!>"ii:i!i|i' I'mni" ii'iilimi lor tin •viiMt' anil iliiiii.i};!' iliiic t-lmll lr|iiiiilliy tiii- |iri>on iiiti li'iL' iiinl uoiUiii;^ to tli'' pi i^oii wli.i!-i- liii.ii cli;ill 111' wiiHliil or iliiMiii;.'iil iiH ali>ii'-.uiil : iiii'l in la-n ofany ill-jiiilc, u jury ol ni.v nun. to l.i miu- ij.'ini'il liv till' ."-iirxi'Vnr (ii'iiriul. ^Iiall ruttlr till ■> mil'. XVII. .Notliin;; in tli" I'oiiilili'iiii lii'iciiiti forr lontaiii'"!. i r in iiny till' t" lir il rivnl lii'ii 'iiuli '. pi. nil i'l' C'lnsiriii'il n'' jriviiiL: ii rijrlit to any i liiiinaiif to i \i Iml. I,ii.'n-1' tliu jiiititioii'< ul'irwiiiii Siviiit; of Water I'rivili'tii'.s tor Mining' I'liriMiii'ii. XVIII. Wat' r'liri^il'C ■■'• 'i"'l "i'' ri^'lil of i'.iriy!i!;;\vii*i'r for iiiiniiiL.' piirii'i-'"'. niay. nllt^vltll^t.■i^(i. ri|j finy . I;iim rfionli'il. cfrtitii ati' of iiM|iiii\"iii( iit, o;' .oiiXi'vanri' at'ii."Kaii|. L- .■laiui"il ami t.iK'T .i|;i'!i. miilir. or ii\i r tin- l.mil. m> ini'-iiiipt' il liy niitii'is ri'.iuiiin.L.' tlii' ^aIn^. am! olilainiiiy, a kiu'"' '•' i:''n''i' friiiii till' Snrvi yor (il ii'Tal in that ImImII. aii'I iiayiiiu a i oiM|irii> itimi lor «a-li' or ilain:ii.'i U till- pi r*in wli 'SI' laii'.l may li" «a-' I or ilaia ii.- '1 hy i)nK with n^jard to any laiMl iiriiiiiri'il n« fif it'- • iwii, any mil' of till partirs in ililli iiiur luiy |1' li.ii' rj rtnrnt rr in'tioii nt tii'spu-s hroii^ilit i ri fi r :)ti: iiiii'stiiiii in ililf rrii •!• to tin' .'>>iirvi yor (ii'ii 'ral. who i- liiri hy aufli.ii'i-iil t'l pr"' • A in a .• way to rcHfoii' t!ii' possi'ssioii of any lainl in ilispnt" to tin' p' rsoii wli.iiii li" may ili'i'in I'lititli-l l' :'.<. fiuni;; and to al'.ui' all iillrll-illll^i ami auanl and l.vy mi.,'*i i.'os'.s ai'.'l •! una;:' > a.- h-' may think t:: ^ijii tor all or any of the pnip'i.sfH afori'.-'aid to tal! i;. t' his asf.sj.-taiiti.' tiio livil autlioiilii'M or any ;''\.- i-'Uls of law. GiVeji under aiy hand, Ac. j.VMKs !HK•(;^^'■. VAN"''orvi:K i.'-LA.vr. I'Kori.WIAiI.i';. By 3Iis K.icc(dli'iiry, .lani'.s D'li'.'la;. C. H.. A.!-.. Wh.'niu*, I liavi' lucn iiiipowi ii'd liy II "r .Maji-^iy'-; C.vi i m.!', nt t i t.ik- Hut)! : Ui ■ wii.ii;' ..ii" V .iii'.ov.v. . Uil'JiiuIand iti: Ilc'ju'ndi'ni'it's ; Now, tiii'i'dfori', h" it known unto all ni' n, fliat 'I'lii! provisions of Mir said I'roi'iaiiiilioii. ;:ivi n i;i; l.'V my hand nn ! thr piil In s,;.i oi' tlii.- ('.•! r.» a:j diili'il till' f'.iMiilay iif Islirnary. TMd. -h:'.!!. tioi,, ajid ./u.r '.ho d.i.'" lu'r-.'if. rsl.'nd to iuid ii. .i.cU thu ijiitiruty of Vanoouvi.'r J.-l iii'l and its lic'ii. i.di ni '.'■<. Given undi.r uiy liand and iih I'l.lilii- ^i .il. Jcv' .lA'-iK.^ IV>U( :!..'- '.'i U ;.rnnot(; tlio scttU'ini'iit of Conntry Land in tlu' said (Colony. And Whereas, it is expe'liiiit to r.xt ad tin- tiiii" diirin;.' wliiili a prison may r'-.\!^i' t.i n.'ciiTn !.i.'i'! rri-i^nvptcd niidi r tli.' jirovisions of a I'r "'iani.iti.in ^;ivin iiinler i:iy hand and tin- I'liidir .^.'al of thif "olol-iy and dated the HHh day of J''i'l>rn,uy. iMil. Now therefore, bo it known unto all iiieii that any person haviiijr pre-cmptiii l;ind under the pro" ■Visionn (d' til;' said Proi'laniirinii m ay if he shall h ive lu'eii e 'iitiiiiMn-l.\ in o. , h|i;itiMi| ollh' ranic for the spai'.' of (S) eijrlit r deiid ir in mths n s* previonsly to his leaviiij;, Iravi' the sane for any (.esin'. Bot exivie'lini: (t'l) six r.ilend'ir nionth-^. provi I d tli.it within ^2) ) tweiily-oie' d.iys fr'iiii the date oI hie !' aviiip the sanii' he shall till in a m in irnidiini in III ■ hook Ivept fir that purpme in thi Land (MLn ..: Vjcturia, wiili tli"|iartieiilars and in the niaiin-r therein contained. Given undw my hand and the ruMi'.' !»e,il. A>\ JAMKS D'JlGLA!;. Victoria and Esqiumalt Harbour Dues Act, 1830, SCJIKIU'r.E A. Foes for Eiitrnaic tvtul ('li'iiraiiic nl' Vt-sscls entering anil clearing tlie Ports of \lc'toriii iiinl Ksiinlin.'ilr. A.l Vessels niulcr 15 Tons j: h. ii' (H) 1 2 All Vesisels under 100 Tons • Butweea \.> k (I (( It lOd it JOO 2'>i> k .'lou :iiii) k liKt k nu tons. 00 i; ;i ■)0 " 00 H 4 " (M) 12 (V •' ou IS 0' '' 1 f) oo' " 1 i;j 4 " 'J 1 8 lno "(00 " lU'twccn TiOO k f.oo tns. (;00 k Too '• TOO k HOO " 800 k 000 '• !M)U it 1 000 •• lOUO k upwanls. II II £ S. II 1 1,". 4 <> 5 I'y 2 10 OO 14 M o 13 1 J 2 G (J h All Steiuni.T.^, h'oin Jidi', carryiii^r mails to pay half the amount of the above a:ale of Fees, acijordiny to their tuuua;,fe. sciiHDrM': n. Half-yearly License for Coasters. I'ntler l'' tonn Above lo lunl uiidrr .'iO " .10 !uid under 50 " 5u £10 'J :; 4 sniKDULK C. W'lerrie^s and ,Ski!r.s iilying for !ii:e and licensed to nirry not exceeding ?i.v lias^en^'Ts. I'cr ([uarUT - - - - - - t!l \\ AK Hoats iiiid \'a\vl.-; jilyiiri for liire ami licensed to carry more than six liasseni,'cr:i, and under 1 ton- liiirthcn. Per iiuarter - £1 10 U F.i^-liicrs and >'cous omploycil in tVcii^lainf!: or discharyiny vessels, or other- wise for liirc, undtr 10 tons hurtlieu. l*er(iuarter - £'J Lighters and Scows cxceediiii,^ lo toiiH. Per quarter - £2 ■svA Is. additional for every ton, exceedino- 10 tons, and up to 100 tons burthen, SCIIKDI'LK I). Landing Permits. For invoices under £100 in vrdue Aliovo £loo au'l under £J50 in value For invoices above £250 atul under £500 in value For invoices above £500 ami under £l00o iu value For invoices above £1000 . . . . . LIST OF ANIMALS FOUNf) IN VANCOUVER ISLAND. £0 4 o .'l 8 4- 12 <; IG 8 I I'OIM-I.MI NAMK.S. SCIKXTII-Ii: .NAMES, As adopted in \'oI. ^i\\ Pacitlc Railroad Reports. American Piuther. or Cougar: Felis concoior. L. Wildcat; Lynx fascialns. Raf. Gray <'at ; Canis occidentalis. Var. griseo albu3 Dusky Wolf; Canis occidentalis. Var. uubiluc. [ II ] rt3 Id Oil ll » 'J J0\0 POPin.All NAMK3. CCrENTIf NAMKS lU'il Fox Viilpes iiiiuroiini.s. I'.uirii. I'i.-her. Itliu k (-'ill; Miislclu I'ciiiuuitii. Krxl. Mink, (if Mill/, , I'utoi in-i visum. Itniril. Atidlfuii Siilde, or I'liii- .Miirtiii; Miisiflu AiiiLMiiiiini. Tiiitdii. KiU'txMi, Uhu'k t'lioted rniicoii lit.riiiiiiili'/ii. liiiiiil l5fiiVL'r ; f'li/itor (.'iiiiinliiisis. Kiihl. lllatk hciir ; i'rsiis Aim'ricaiiiis. ralla?,. Hrow II lliiir ; \>i> do ilu Woh criiit' ; (iiilo liisnus. roiiimoii Otter ; [-iilra Califurnica. (Ini v. fc>i':v ( utrr ; Hiilivilra iiiariiia. Fl('tiiiii;j. Kod. ur I'iiif .Si|uirnd ; Si'iuriiH l)i)iij,'lasii. lU'd Dufr. •• l']lk;" Curviis ('aiiad<'ii>is. j;iack Tiiili'd Dfi'r; ('t;rvus ColuiiildamiH. liriiiiiic ; Mils I (da v\ mincii. .Ma.Tiuii.-ili, ur Musk Itiit: Fiiit-r /iliutlHcii.s. iSoa I, ion ; I'liityrli\ ih Inis Ifcriiini-. If.iiriuid Fur Si'iils ; Flioca, viluliim, and Arclurojdiiiias iirsiiiiis. Mo ::itaiii <;oiit : Vidoi'onis iiiuiitaiiiis. LIST OF lilRDS For.M) ON VANCi irVF.U ISLAND. ;1 i Naiiii'S adopted tVoiii 'Jlli Vol. I'licilic Ilailroad llcjiorl. I'orUr.All NAMKS. SCIK.NIIIIL' NA.MK Pigroti Hawk : Faico coliuiibariiis. >;iairo\v liawk ; Faleo «|iarve'.'iiis. (losiitiwk ; Aslur aUicii|.ill:i.s. Sii.irp Sliiii iiaw k : \e( ipiter I'lisciis. VVeiteni lied Tail liawk; IJutcii iiiDiitaiiii.-. \V!iiti;-iiei\ded ilaiiie; Iliiiia'tiis li iHiiccpiiaius. (ircal Horned Owl ; liiilio \'ir^iiiiaiiii.i. Snowy Owl: Nyeteii nivca. S.iw \\Tiot Owl : Nyilalo AcaiJiea. i'i^niyOwi: tJlaneidiiun !Xiioimi. Harri.i's Woodpecker ; I'icii.s ilarrisii. (riiirdiier's \\'(n)dpei.'ker : I'iciis (lairdiieii. Hod iireasted \Voiiiopii.-; borealis. American lioliin, or Tlirusli ; Tiirdus ini.^iatoriu.-^. Varied Tliriisli, ur I'ainted Uobiii ; Turdiis nievius. "Western Hliie liird : Sialia Me.xieaiia, liuhy Crowned Wren; lli'j;iili;s calendula (ioiden Crested Wren; lle^uluj satrapa. American Titlark; Antliiis LudovicianiiJ!, Macgillivray'.s Warlilor : (icotlilyids .\lac;^illiviayi, Orange Crowned Warbler ; IIeliiiintli(>piia;,'a cel.ita. Auiiubon's W.'irbler ; Dendroica Audiilionii. Yellow Warbler: Dendroica a -tiva. Louisiana Ta:inger ; J'yran^ra Liiduvli i;ina. I'.arn Swallow; Iliriindo liorreoriiui. VVhite Bellied Swallow llirundo bicolor. Violet jtreeu Swallow llirundo tluilussiun. [ 1-'] POPULAR NAMES. S'IKN'TIKI ' .VA.\fE3. Warbling Flycalclier., Virco Lnlvii.«. Ivlue-liciulcd do Viico M)litariuL'. Winter Wren Tro(,'lo(lytc.s liyomalis, !iO'."k Wren Siilipinctes obsoletus. S.eiiilor-bill Ntillintcli Sitta amileata. '.."Mcs-tniit b;ickc(l Tit I*:xrii.-! nifesciMis. Western purple Finch Ciirpculaous (.'alif(»rnici;s. I'ine Finch C'lirysornitris pinu?. \V('.s(.ern while crowned iSjiarrow Zuiiotricliia (ianiliclii. lioldeii crowned do do coronata. I'rt'gon .Snowbird Tiino tireoomi.s. I'liipijing: Sparrow Spix.eUa sociali.'^. Western son,;.' Sj)arrow Mtdo^piza rulina. Townsi'iid's t'ox .Si)arrow l'a•;^arc■lla Townsendii. lilackhcaded (Jrosbeak ( iuiraca inehii'ocephahi. Ofi-c^on j.q'onnd Robin I'ipibi Ori'ij-oims. Western meadow Lark Stiirneila nenji. •■ta. Virewer"s Blackbird Scolecopiiajrus cyanoccpliolu Ivnlwin^T do \;^-i'laiii!;' [din'tticeuh;. American Uaven ('orviH carnivoni.s. No'tbwesiern Fish ("row do caurinus. Steller'? Jay Cyannra Slellerii. iland-tailed I'igeon ''oluinba fasciata. Ill lie (j rouse Tclrao dbscurus. j-iilb^l I'lrepon (.ironse, or '• I'arlridge ' I'.oaa.-a Sabiaii. '^.mdliil! Crane ''. rr.ri Canadensis. I'l-oat blue Heron \rdei Ilerodias. Sur.*' r>ird Vpliri/.a virij;,it,i. r>acl\nian's Oy.ster Catclier ■... HuMi.atnpus nij^er. lilack Turnstone Stiepsilas inelano-eephalus. Wilson's Sniue Caliinago Wii.soni. '.'■'■'.Italo Tattler (iainl)otta nielanoleuca. American Coot or .Mud Hen Fiiiica Americana. The Swan Cygnus Americanua. !",inada Cnose liernicla Cuiadensip. Wliite cliceked (Joose do Leiicopareia. ilutchin's Goose Bernicla ilutchinsii. Snow Goose , Anser Iiyjierliorea. Mallard or Stock Duck Ana< bosclias. Gr.on winjrcd Teal , . .\eltion I'andinensis. i!,ild|vito or American Widgeon Mana'a AuKM'icana. ]'\'^ blackhead ir Scaup Duck Fulix n;arilia. : '.'.uvrts-back Duck Aytiiia vallisiieria. (jolden eye or wliistle-wing Duck I)iice|d)ala Americana. Ka'Hehead Duck do albeola. iiarleijuin Duck Ilistriouicus torquatue. The Longta;led Duck or Soulli-south- ll.irelda glacialis, •'^'■^ ■■;;■■•; ^ .Melanctta velretina. '. elvct Duck I v^urf Duck I'dionetta perspiciData. Goosander Mergus Americana. .•ledbreasted MfM'ganser dn .s( rrator. flooded Merganser Lopliodytes cucullatus. Yiolet-rrroen Cormorant (iraculns violaceous. .- liorttailed AJliatross Diomedea brachyura. Glaucous winged Gull I.arus glauce.-'ceus. Siickley's Gull do Suckloyi. Great Northern Diver Colynibus torqiiatus. Rlncktiiroatcd Diver do arcticus. Jiedthroated do , do septcutrionalis. [ ^^ ] POl'ULAR NA' Gioln Wcotcrn lio Horueil J|> Wfslt.'ru (luilleiiiot. Marbled Auk gCIENTIKIC NAiI«: Podicc[)3 griseigciii do x'cidoUa.i^ coruul'is. Uria coluuibii. Brachyruuiplius manr.-jiatus. LIST 01' HHKLLS, Rom Ihe Hock, uuu Dredgo olY K.^iuimalt and Victona Il.ubour.. PM.LiouHANciuATA ^^^^.,^^,^^, ,,.,.,, Xerfcbraiella cauria and i.ulvl:;ata. :,\MK:.i i^ANCHlATA : bCC laillANC.C. ,'ln>id;r, vSoleu sicanus. Trilinidf. Macor \niisuta, !~:tri;,^Ula caurina. Y,'na'':, Tapes Petilii. ('nrdnuhr, Cardiam Nr.uaihi. j/v/./,V;", .Myli!u^< edulis, ruodiola modioli-- Mudiola iiiteus. r,rt;nw:m.i iMuiaUi, Crvplociiilon, Mell-jr.. ,,,,,,,;,;„,_.Uma.a patina; Acnu.a p.ila \;^m..-. ;K.r,:u;..., ,-..,, ,.../.7.,-(;ivphis asp.Jra, Puuctnrclla <:ur;,l!tu . V4o/,;,/;._Ziziphinu. annulatns, Ziziplnuu., hi-;. .. •■""'''''■''''''''/^,/v/'/-.;«..--Ga:oru. fa.ti.iatus, Crepidula :,K...r..,,. ^■.■n7/i/,j(/,'—»'ovilhidea sac rata A,//o«V«(/.v— Littorina riitcliana, Littonna p.v.v V,tf k-idii'— N a t i c a c ! a u ? a . V yr/,-.,'!/./;/'— Ar'^obnecmum ()rc?oncii?o. ■ i',„v<*'n'//'' -Purpura dceenu-ostata, ! -.r^M..,. Puri>ura lacluca. j^,,,,„/,,^._(jhrysodouiui antKiuus, (.hry.^od^.n,.,, ....... ^ii LIST of^Tt.ee3a.dSL^ba of E.ono.ic Value, ^o-^j^.^^-^:::^^^^^' Tao .ou.las inne'o 'o:;^n Red Pine. Allies ^.^lassii. ^So'V^r::;:::::::::::::::."."" ;;;-;;; ^« e^^"^^^- Halsaral'ir Abicrs (.'anadensii. Hetnlocl. Spruce ('era.sus uiolU.s. WildOlierry •••••; iiin,,« v^trobu?. w.,:k> pi,,c or Wcvuiouth Pme 1 '"'^ i " \ ., .. ,'. Piiuis ponderoja. P;i.v:n; ,;:{Avr:i:A: c I :. .va, Yellow- Pine •,•;■■•;, Thni-a L'i^alntca. Cedar— the t)regou Lcdat Cir.i-c^.us Metkatenrics. Yellow Cypress ••• .^ i^j^^piie-.a. Arbor\ilu; Taxus bievilolia Yew ■;■" Qiienuis Carry.ina. Tho Oak ••• ,"".V.'"'r,r" ' Acer macrophylluin. The while, or broad leaved '^^^■■— '™ V,,einatum Vii'O ■■ Alnus (;rei,'ona. Too Oregon Alder Cornu.-? Nattallii Oregon Dogwood Arbutus M'^uzeau. A;'.ju'.u3 [ 1-^] .\iiicricnti .\--pon Till' Willow Poiiulu? trcir.'.iloitlc: I'vru.'J rlvuhiris. (Jultoiiwuui Salix ^0(1 iiK'riiuia. >SlI!li;!!l!KUY Undkii ('. uowtii. Til0lI:A/.0l, ilcil ('(.nH.'], or \Villo\ li'.iUv Ic.ivc i n,\ri'crry. <> M 1 r Oi-f'^-on trrnin' Cnvyltis Aincncaiin. (ronnis I>runiiii(iiulii. |',crl)cris nniiirdliuin. l,.,l, white lUMl .'l^u^k k. --pl.-nN ,,ivarir:>tu>i.. nivcum riiree km 1.^ of <suF. It'tlbll,-; sj'crtaliili-^. ] lM-an,-r,la I'Mrshiana. l,(iiiif(jra 0L'ciilenU>b^. Ilrviera. (';-a'ir;.'.u-: Cvvri'.v^ '.' I, .jiict '■;! i'.'voiiii'ri'.ia. Ilfr^a Ira-^iiiib'lia. Wlbi i;o:^e Tiitiiiiiini rc]ier..-'. e, I V,"liiU' (■■ 'llcci'. \i.ar,.;'V <p' ir V .;-,.^:- ;-w(t' '<;:■. I. -^ ■ V\'iM T:;Hnt!iy. i.r iierd'- \\ ,|.i Hill i',ri):.'i b- '\ I'll T'l. b {'owsi.p i\\\ ccria !Mj!iat!ia. I'liii j.rat"n-i> V J',' t i.ra. |ll';!t^;ii^^i -. I'blciiiu \^r^■'•n-v. Siijia iivciiacoa '! ,1 i!!''!!.-'. l'n:;iubi veri:-. vt^l H''-:^! •TIE Fk^lb-lity, Eesistaacs, fincl Dradty of Ma^ts fro:n Vancouver l3lr.i:a con^iurvu v/lth Mas^F frcn Wiga ; .■..,r-:>','ua'iv.lv\v,:n , ,i... of the sun.o dim. n-l...^ -aU l.-u. u Jl.^u .j.e ... U,,., d lr'.,| ,:,U'.[ (•liv'wUis ii-'i'.;-- w r.; i .r.ii.i: v!,.N-iiiiian .',■■:'■.•(■ '.r l,..-,aiiig1 V.iiir I., r.ir.. iu; IH'" at tl-, l'".'t j At til- li. :i'l (Mil ( 'J."... . a al'.i.. I'l'i a-Js a ('la a a'i-2 i> *>-- Chiii'r i.r v(i|.t.a-i' '!'■ T r. i.liii)i."l.'Vs...\ ^i.|^ I)..'! .i; (In- i'".t ) •• At tliv ii'iel .. b) 11. V.) '.!■• elk on 111 I'.s 20 •^:! Til ii-''av of til" w.n.l "> ;,. ih. • „,( ,,rtl!.' tr-" j Dcnsiiv ill till' liciiil CIO Ci '-''< .(TS .V'.-2 (I (I'^li Tlir^o i.\i."rii(i.'iitM L'ivn n Tn-^nii iilnios t i.l(M!tioiib l..rVl'io licndinLC una 1,p aking of tlu; iwe kliuls .f .;::,:';j,ai:u;:.i;:n.i;;;.iHvs u.;t;.;i^ .. ...-ntii;.; '-i^n^.^ -:';;;;;;• -;;;:• ., viu„.,an, r :.r.. .,.:i;;,;':;ai:i:;:.^;;u::;;:.T:;\u:;i;.;:ua:;'a;;;s;^^^ I [ !•' ] ■,'1 k TABLE, ^1-owhiF Gross An:ount of Returns under "Trades Licenso Act." for the Half Year ending 30th December, 1360, and 30tk June, 1861, v/ith 5 Km) 2 Ih-CWCT:- r, Ih-ickm 'keis '2 l;!-nkei> ] i;out and r^.iuv I'eaier ... ;; r,()oksellors - !U)ar,I and !.' ■;;-la:-- !i<'U.e lv>'''-r(lia!ils ) l)r;ivia:.!i ■ ;••• :. l)r\i'ix;^i' ■-■■' ■ AiiDlaecarlcs ;» !'ruil."er= •J I'i-li Vr.U ■ I I'lour 1'^': '■■;■ I Fiirni'i lire i '■ 'lef 1 Vuv ]'V- 'V 1 (lirii. aii:!! 'l'> (Irue'"' ^ ' 2 (;r','Oi!,L;'i>'" ' 2 Ciardiie;.--. Nk'rkct 1 Hosier 2 Horse ]>.-U-- fi Ironri'ii'.. >'< -■ 1 iroiiloarei'a- 2 Jeweler^ I.Tobla-. If^ 1 Lime rail" ; nraii) ML':, lito lU'M) !».-) ra.H.) 012.") ];iO \('0 ;V)0 nsr.o (100 :',ir) tt5 1 Letter and Hirer 2 Livei'v .S;a!i;v.- ;; Liiinlie!' Merelau;',.-; I MaMiii ■ 1 Mi!rkeli.;Jii. Moavaad '>'e:J:e- ti.l.Ir ran.! .,-. \i,, ere aaii i. :; Milknuai :; Milliner: 1 Miker and liakcr 1 Nurser\;.' .a i';l]ua- II. i;.;., I'luaiiM-,' ... . ! !'!iulo-r:i|'!;ei :, Tki-lei ;■ 1 Pri.es ! :;;:,aa ..: 2 Ik-dvi-i. a 'A'- ;• la,. :, Uf.-i;;ia^:M-. \i< > ;■ ! ^:aM M a.er 2 <:-!(!!' V- i:a a.er 2 MT.V' 1 !■- 1 Skai »' 1' I'.'ii'.-r 1 S i\ i ! 1 ! ' ■ a i i • r 1 Sada 'Aa".a- M....,; :, Sti'Ve i.'taa.i i'.. h Siii-i t' •!;■■;■; ! Syi aij' y,: i.naie: i.,,v." :; Trad'.a- . liid aa. a Trader^ ; Taiid" ■ ■•■ 12 Teen.aa. ••• \ Tenlaa; Ka!' :; '['{diae 'ar,:- 'i.: ••■ •1 Tias'aiMis 1 riinri-'Ma-o.- - 2 ^V;l^eunlak^;■:■ 1 \Va,~!i nnea,... •• 4 Water Ce.rri'.a,- :! Wiu-.-nai--' ,\; ^t aariincv^r? ] V\\ii)'i ;>e.ii' a-. y.' 1 Woiil'. n tMirii.;,; l.iralev aaei l^Vlie.d\vrl:.la.vl'k.el. .:'h 1"^' 1 Veteriaar;. ^Sar^^ecn •; •-> a ) 1 '1 2 ' > al'J Ca'i To'uil looo [ 1*^ ] A2IICL£i5 Imiorteil into Bntisl Aic- ivud I'lirtr.r in wdod, do tlo :a bottle, A 4 r ;',' u It 11 ral I in ;ner.i -j :i t.'^, Ax!-, !J .■.'■);i and :I;.vn.':', li i;\e'.", IJliiiiliet.-, Boots and .''I.-.i ■.'•', H.'oad, ;; •i,:lvs, B HUT, iiu pile !!■.', ui-Ues, V lecsc, (; iiiiii M (•!•(■ I a:>. i: v-N (; lO'.'ohltO, (' i ■. 1 . (1 ' -^ ' * ■ •- ■, (.' !:)',:i;n^, (' ).i .. c >:'.'■. (■ .j:.;<-vl!(.,ib; ■' ^' I . I'm'- I) /^'I'-'iiud '■■ "iw_ 't ; ■..!•;, :y > Ii.Mid-', 1 1 irii.iins ■.'.: ■ ) I', 1' vc-'. ) r :.-.:. — d.'i '->; io';r, ii'sui;;--', :.)! 1 -■■ ! ' ^' ■^■■ -1.) {'[■) •';■.■■ h_ !■■ Liruiturc, ( U-..^i\vai-?, ( rOv-'Cfit.':-:, ( r;i;i[ion(iLi ) ] :M'd\ViirC, i 11-', ! 'Ar:ie.= 3 an i .-.-.l. :dl':r y. 1 •ui; aiiu >St IMl, r^ ard, T ead, t eatlior, 1 iine iUid '. C Hi V •^ ! ami)L-r, i ,ivc Slot k -•- Uo! .Vt-', ?.hii f.', A. 88 es?, Oxf u. Columbii from Vaucoitve: Island :a 1360— Vai'ia, i!'i;is. (.'v)V.~. i>L-c;' Catt;.-. i^!km'-i and (.l(.>at;'. llo^?'. Maciiiiicrv. Mate he--/ Meat. do dried. do l"re.iati'.-!:c: y. Sugar. SMtrit-. i';ir ai.d Pitch, Tea. Tiuwoi'' Toijaeco Vci5'etablc3 do Tiiru;;).- ('.arrot.s, ctiv, etc. do jrcaii. do iircscrved. Wi:ie.s do Chainpagr.n. do China tucdieatcd, d> C'laret, other description and bo$- ter. Wheat. Window Saslies and Docrri. Wooden ware Wagons. Y'.'aiit I'owder. etc. /VRS So. TRACT Ol- ACTo IV.vchI by ilou.c of Atii..-ml)ly, muco I ho First Session. beiriuiiiiiy l-l Maioh, 18G0 A ilii iiii-i < Ijlllls 111 r;ll lOIl el' ' hUiM Ai I. llif lluu-u of Assfiubly th rrosiik's for tlio iuliiiiiiistrNliuii of ;uid llic [>ru(l icliuii o f KviiUtuo l>e !0 l\.rc ("ouniuttcr.s of the siiiiie. ...,■, i- , ,i .i,.. I'm ■•VmcouNcr Isl-iml Joiul SUuk Comiuun,- Art,' ^'.^ «'"^V k k vi'iuns of .1.. Joi.a Str.k CumiKUUo.. A.L., l^.^i, ISo. and l^--^, lu Viuu-ouver Isluini iuul ili .ioiieiMiciieies. Ai't. I'or Uie piiyinoiil ol ceruuii riaUines. Hill of Sup[>ly .i;:^.'.:o7 li i. !"^«';r;:^';;;v;u;"iu:e, ".f Vicu,na.; .^„.l,„^,.„„ u.c , „U.c, r ., 'p.iv tr> ho (■•!!,•. I the Victoria ^^trcct l-miil. '''FUmail-; l^^u'dlm Act." Provide, tor the ITotee.ion of the Moin- ' •" 1fn^:7w''' "U^ie^a Tax o>. all Trade, and (.cupat.ons. :: ;,::;■ ut '^r .C; •- I'o"^ ncvdumg tl. .a.e or f lift of .luntuous 'S'lcl ••'' L'^uvidcs tor the Repair, li.ip.n en.eut, and Keguh.. .i '?; n 'tSia'ud i:..uiiuaU Haroour Duos Act.' Ai.cudu,g ,^ho^|Ue .d ,,,, charged ^V.^he ..urai.e ^^^ ^---.^^^^^l^^^;^":^^ ^^^S.r Olu:.:;.;: a":-' ^\^r 1.:;!..., the Adaua..ratioii of .la.i e • K,ininor(-riminal(^ises,morospecdvandeera u^ ,,,,Hat.on of ■-, •• Liniitatiou ct Fo:-ei-n Action.. Aa. lK..a,ni^ ':v';"or'a;''sl^nr..vA«,- h.coiT.raus ifcc V,c,.r,. «». Tom yany. _ , . . ' '• Virffi'-in, Rrid'^0 Fvcmovai i^ct. . .•,,,, .. \a o Vontinnin^ Titles fmrn the Hud.or s I^ay ( omi.an). ( on- to provide ibr the Registration oiTnlo-^, j^^ ,.^^^^^,,, ^, - Powder Mapazine .\cl. arclav Sound, as a Port of f "^"'p,.„,.,-,^p.. o^ the Fireman's Pro- •• An Act to Extend and Amena tne ProMoion., 0. tne tection Act, IHOO. Tra-iS'-It Real Estate." ..An Ac:. To ena^e A.ei^ to ^i^;^/^ ^//^ eon.nuation of certain •■ Hupplemeutary btree. Act. -.u...v- stree^s in Victor:.!. p ,,,,, ,,,■ Anicndin;; the Procedure V). .. Vancouver Ui.tt.a I. :ul 1 lOCCf.a.t ..^ ^" ^1"'' ^'i'-fl^fi" ■ }'rovide ■ for the Naturalization of Al"^"- . :■>. ■■ Alien Act, left-. » ^■"' ' ; , „ ^.„,.-, ^j M:tn. to Real E£:tate, Icbl , .'•■.3. ■' Act for the - •or.>fjrmatioD of the i lut. ui jm.^^.^ ]•! !V. i'J. 2(1. .;f> 30. 1 I^ j 41 I'liM-: Ih'l'.'.i.., in Titliv; In l.'i>:i| llsliiiiv l.ol.l hv or JfVi^^Oil tliroiipli Ali.T.^. •• Hill; (if Siilc Art, isi'.l.'' F,,r IM-ovi'iitiin' I'lMinl-: iipnii Cri'dltui:; liv Sinot Itills ol' .Suit- (if I't.TSOiKil CliiiUcls. '• I'iiwiihrokcT's Ad."' Kc;jrulat('3 tlic UksIim.'SS of Pauiilirokor.>\ '■ Suuniiiiry I'rocoduro on l?illri of lv\cliiin;;c Act, ISOI.'' FiiciliiaU's the licnicdics on Jiills of KxcIiiUigo, iiiid rivHiiissory Xotes, by the pre- vention of frivolous or ficlitious (Icfcnci's to Aclions tlicreon. ••Victoria Ciis ("onipaiiy Kxtciision Act, isCl." KiilargPis tlio tinio liiriitcd l)y the Alt of I Sdo, for the Kstaiilislnncnt of (ias Works and Htiildings \>j the Victoria, d'as Couipany. •• Trades License Aniuiidnici.'t Act." Anuudint;' the Actof IRC.O. Cas- ual 'f ladcrs to pay Annnal License of i'i\ e I'oirads, and the Jlalt-ycarly Assessment to be as siicwn by schedule A. I'nder 1 100 half yearly £10 1 10 •2 1) :; 10 (I (I I) 1 ;. IT. ;::. i:. nr. •;o •' Kxtension of Limitation of Foreign Actions Act.'' Extends ju-ovi- Mons of the SHnic. •• Swine and tioat Act."' To proiiibit Swine and (loats runninf;- at larixe in A'ictitria, and (loats in settled ilistrii't.-. '• I'.ankrupicy Act, l.si;:!." Declares tiic law relating,' to l!ankrnj.tcy and liK'(d\cncv in Vain'ouver J .dand and dei'cudencies. £ I Oi» and nni er 2.-10 :i,")0 .".00 .•"lOO 1000 looo 2,-)0n l!.'iO() .'".{100 ."■.ooo 10,000 10,000 20,000 •20,000 ;jo,ooo :!o.ooo 'lojooo •10,000 .'"iO,iioO Al ovo X.-'O.OOO >' EHHi^T^. In last line of page IT, for " street of water" read " »heel of water." In page 22— second line in first paragraph— for " 96 overcast and foggy" read " 50 overcast and foggy." raiKTID AT «H« "l.iltV PEESS OFFICE." VIi"rORlV T. I.