J^J^. V'*^^ \^.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ,^ J^'iis % 1.0 1.1 us ■ 40 1^ 2.0 11.25 III i.4 i;ii 1.6 vl v^ om 'S ^W 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 (716) •72-4503 L6> CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques C Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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TheM shall TINU whici Maps differ entire begin right > requii methi ue oc 10X »cum ent e St Til me a 14X u tau X oe reou ction 18X inou ^ue c i-aes sous 22X 26X 30X 1 Z 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Thomas Fisher Rare Booit Library, University of Toronto Library L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grace d la g6n6rosit6 de; Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto Library The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de rexemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. 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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole ~-^- signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s i des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 a 3 4 5 6 I' ■ M I THE TORONTO LANDING A PAPER READ BKFORI-: THE SOCIETY OF YORK PIONEERS (COUNTY YORK, ONTARIO) NOVEMBER 4, 1S90. BY HENRY SCADDING, D.D. REPRINTED EROM "CANADIAN A. TORONTO : Office ok the Week, 1891, THE TORONTO LANDING. * During the great Industrial Exhibition at Toronto in 1890, many persona made their way to the Exhibition Grounds on the airy decks of the fine spacious ferry- boats Mayflower and Primrose, and were in this way for the first time conducted to the magnificent wharf or jetty, recently built at the expense of the city at the foot of Dufferin Street, running out some seven hundred feet into the waters of the Bay. In adopting this mode of approach to the Exhibition Park, the citizen or stranger had the advantage of obtaining an interesting view as he passed along of what we may call the historic portion of the city front. First, he had a glimpse of the old garrison, now dis- used, from a bastion of which for so many years floated the flag of England, where also for a long series of years the firing of a cannon at noon every day gave the time to the surrounding neighbourhood, and within the precincts of which was situated the magazine, whose explosion in 1813 caused such devastation in the ranks of an invading force. Then next he saw the group of white stone buildings known as the new barracks, though in fact now some forty years old, in actual use as quarters for a detachment of our incorporated militia, situated on the spot pointed out by the eminent military engineer, Captain Gotha Mann, in 1788, as being best adapted for a fort to protect a town and settlement, when there should be any such object hereabout to protect ; a judgment of his, however, which appears not to have been adopted by the authorities at the time. And then, immediately after, he had a Ktrik- ing view of the monument which, since the year 1888, has marked the exact site of the Indian trading post, known as Fort Toronto from 1749 and onwards, the remains of *A paper read before the Society of York Pioneers (Co. York, Ontario), November 4, 1890. S 8 M which were ho noticeable in 1788 that Captain Mann describes them by the term " Ruins," on his map of this region, which ruins he delineates on a small scale a short distance to the west of the spot which he designates as eligible, in his judgment, for a protecting fort. Finally the visitor disembarks at the foot of a noble street, which, though opened up and utilized only of late, has acquired much importance as an approach to the Exhibition Grounds, and is invested also with a peculiar interest as being one of the side lines laid out in the old original survey of Augustus Jones between every fifth two hundred acre lot in the range extending from the York and Scarboro' town line to the Hurnber. It is in regard to the romance, 80 to speak, connected with the new landing-place at the foot of the street just referred to, that 1 desire to put on record one or two observations. This IxndinL'-place represents, more nearly than any other along our city front, the original landing-place at the foot of the cliff, immediately under the palisades of the old French trading-post, where, from time to time, small fleets of bark canoes and other frail craft were to be seen putting in from the east, west and south for purposes of traffic, more than a hundred years ago. It so happens that the surveyor, Augustus Jones, makeg a note in his field-book that he ran this particular line between lots 30-31, two chains to the west of the old French fort, 80 that the new landing-place is situated just that small distance from the landing on the beach below the trading-post. This fact will certainly become a matter of increased interest in the future, when the landing-place at the foot of DufTerin Street shall have become a customary stopping- place, as it is expected one day to be, for steamers from Niagara and Hamilton, not only at exhibition time, but at other periods also throughout the year. The jetty or wharf at the foot of DufTerin Street has the fine peculiarity also of being in a direct line with that street ; while in the case of every other street traversing Toronto from north to south to the water's edge, the street ends in a " slip," or narrow compartment of water with wharfage accommo- dation on the right and left, while in this case the street ■■ft. ia, as we have seen, continued out uninterrupn,dly on a broad, roomy jetty, Home seven hundred feet in '?ngth. The lanUiiigplKce at i\u^ old French trading-post was aforetime par excclkiice '* the Toronto landing," and the space in its immediate neighbourhood seems to havt been spoken of in a general way as Toronto, when as yet no town-plot oi that or any other name had been then laid out. Should, for example, the Official Gazette at Niagara- across-the lake announce in its coiumns that His Excel- lency the Lieut.- Governor hud just embarked in His Majesty's schooner, the Missisaga for Toronto, it was to this particular spot that reference was made, and here probably he and his suite would be put ashore from the Government vessel in some canoe or light boat, sent out from the strand below the fort. It is also likely that His Excellency's famous canvas house (noted by Bouchette, p. 89, vol. i., of his " British Dominions") was in the first instance set up somewhive near the edge of the clifi at this spot. Around the trading-post at Toronto, we know, from the journal of Major Robert Kodgers, 1 760, p. 206, there was a large cleared space which would be convenient for such a purpose ; and from this point the enterprising Governrr would conduct his explorations eastward to the site of t ue proposed town, afterwards surveyed and laid out un( er his inspection by Augustus Jones. At a sub- seqi^c-.u period the migratory house may have been r*" moved to where the garrison was afterwards established at the junction of the Garrison Creek with the Bay. It will be of use to allude to an expression in connec- tion with the landing here. Charlevoix designates it on his map by the term Teiaiagon. (See Charlevoix's ** His- toire de la Nouvelle France." Quarto. Paris, 1744, page 276. The map is by Bellin.) In regard to this Teiaiagon some ambiguity has arisen, another Teiaiagon having been said to exist some way eastward on the shore of the lake, nearly where the town of Port Hope now stands. This is asserted in D. W. Smith's "First Gazetteer of Upper Canada," page 143, who uses, indeed, an orthography slightly ditierent, but the same term ia evidently intended. The explanation seems to be this : that every import- ant landing along the coast of the lake would be named by the Misissagas or Otchipway, Teiaiagon, the meaning T I ! 1 1 I h of the term being, aa I am aasured by well-informed authority (the latt; Mr. Allen Macdonell, of Toronto), a landing where a trail or portage commcmceH, leading to Home other important water route. The Teiaiagon at Port Hope would be the terminuH on Luke Ontario of the portage to th^ chain of back lakeH leading to Lake Huron, and the Teiaiaizon at Toronto was the southern terminus of the portagf via the valleys of the Humber and Holland Rivers to Lake Simcoe, and beyond, also, to the waters of Lake Huron. As I have often before pointed out (it will be no harm to repeat the circumstance), in Charlevoix's map at the period when the landing hern is designated Teiaiagon, the lake to the north which we call Lake Simcoe h designated Lake Toronto. The word Toronto, as is known from the testimony of a long tradition, signifies u place of meeting, or populous region, the reference being to the territory between this lake and Lake Huron, thickly peopled with the Hrron or Wyandot tribes. In the dictionary of Gabriel Sagard, a Recollet mis- sionary who laboured at an early period among the Hurons, the word Toronton occurs, as also Otoronton. As applied to an inanimate thing, both words denote a great quantity of it ; as applied to men, they each denoted a great number of them. The syllables Toronton, often heard in connection with the idea of large numbers, would be readily transformed by the French into a local name for the populous region inhabited by the Hurons or Wyandots, and be applied also as such to the small lake situated in the midst of that region. After the Huron tribes had been extirpated by the invading Iroquois about 1649, the term continued for a time in use, although no longer applicable, and at length altogether disappeared from the maps of the region, but, strangely and happily, it survived as a designation for the landing-place on Lake Ontario, where traders and others had been wont to disembark for the purpose of making the portage to the populous region to the north. The letter at the end, giving to the last syllable a French nasal sound, has been dropped ; as in Oswego, for Ochoueguen. Fi 6 The term Teiaiagon was no longer heani, being dig- placed by the new appellatiun Toronto, now ho familiar to us all. Our technical use o! the word " landing-place " has been derived from the old voyageur days of Canada, and it corresponds exactly in its signiiiuance with the Indian term Teiaiagon, signifying a place where you disembark to perform a necessary portage of greater or less length. " Dickenson's Landing " used to be a familiar expression amongst us, as perhaps we shall remember. It was where the traveller left the bateaux in order to go round by land past tht Long Sault. The Queenston landing, frequently styled, as we shall remember, by way of eminence, " The Landing," was where you disembarked to make the portage round the Falls of Niagara Prince Arthur's Liinding, at the head of Lake Superior, originated, I believe, in the fact that it was where the Prince disembarked for the land journey to western waters. Curiously, the expression " tlolland Landing," con- tinues to this day to be familiar to travellers on Yonge Street, and the passengers by the cars of the Northern Railway. It is an interesting reminder of the time when " Toronto Landing " had its full force of meaning as denoting the southern ending of the portage, of which Holland Landing was the northern beginning ; for it was just here where voyageurs from the waters of Lake Huron and Lake Simcoe, after passing a few miles up the Hol- land River, disembarked to make the portage southward by the valley of the Humber to the Toronto Landing. To render the discussion a little less incomplete, two or three observations are subjoined, which may be regarded as " foot notes," intanded to throw light on points here and there touched on in the text. Note 1. After the disappearance from the maps of the expression Lake Toronto, as a designation for the lake which we know now as Lake Simcoe, several other names for that sheet of water appear in French and English documents. The most important of these would seem to be the French expression, Lac-aux-Claies, that is, Hurdle } s Lake, apparently with allusion to some arrangement for vpearing fish at the narrows of the lake. This name is given in D. W, Smith's "First Gazetteer." English traders and land surveyors corrupted the French expression, Lac- aux-Claies, into Lac-le-Clie, or Lac-la-Clie, a word having no meaning. In Captain Gotha Mann's map the old trail of tho portage starting fror Lake Ontario is designated as '-' Part of the road towards Lake la Clie." The primitive land surveyor, Augustus Jones, also makes a note in his field'book, when in the course of his operations in these parts hecom^s out upon the trail lead- ing to Lnke la Clie. D. W. Smith likewise notices the variation. It is of interest to bubjoin that the route in the present High Park, Toronto, marked " Indian Road," is a portion of the track referred to. Other names apparently of Indian origin were like- wise applied to Lake Simcoe, such as Slnion or Sheniong, said by some to mean Silver Lake. D. W. Smith has also noted these names. Another native term, uncouth enough for this lak<' uupplied by the same authority, was Ouen- tironk. Latinized by Creuxius in the map given by Bres- sani, into Lacu? Ouentaroniua, an effort, probably, to express the Otoronton of Sagard, Beaucoup de gens, etc. Note 2. I have elsewhere recorded the fact that many years ago I had access to a manuscript map of Western Canada at Wolford in Devon, bearing date about 1792, in which Toronto was marked, described as follows : •' Tor- onto, an Indian village, now deserted." I have no doubt that the " Indian village, now deserted," really meant the remains of the Indian trading-post known aa Fort Toronto. In Gotha Mann's time these remains were sufficiently extensive to induce him to describe them as " Ruins " on his map, and he was able to delineate distinctly on a small scale five bui'dings within the enclosure of the palisade. These remains may have afforded a partial shelter from time to time for wandering bands of Indians, and here probably were accommodated the two Missisaga families, of whom Commodore Bouchette speaks, page 89, vol. I., of his " British Dominions in North America," as constitut- ing the sole inhabitants of Toronto when, at the command of the Government, he commenced the survey of the harbour. 8 The remains of the old Fronch Fort ut Toronto w«!re nunifsrous and suHiciently conHpicuouH down to the year 1879, when ii cairn was erected at the expense of the corporation, bearing a suitable inscription to mark the spot. The iieceHsities of the Puhlio Industrial Exhibition, instituted about that period, required that the ground hereabout should be levelled down und sodded, causing the entire obliteration of the surface marks, wliich had to that date been so visible, of the foundations of the wooden buildings of the fort and of the palisade which surrounded it. 'I he remains of the cairn, with its inscription, are now to be seen on the east side of the base of the monument, which has since been erected to mark the same spot. J M