CIHM 
 Microfiche 
 Series 
 (Monographs) 
 
 ICIVIH 
 
 Collection de 
 microfiches 
 (monographies) 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original 
 copy availablp for filming. Features of this copy which 
 may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of 
 the images in the reproduction, or which may 
 significantly change the usual method of filming are 
 checked below. 
 
 FT] Coloured covers / 
 L^ Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged / 
 
 Couverture endommag^e 
 
 □ Covers restored and/or laminated / 
 Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicula 
 
 I I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 I I Coloured maps / Cartes g6ographiques en couleur 
 
 □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations / 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material / 
 Reli^ avec d'autres documents 
 
 Only edition available / 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along 
 interior margin / La reliure serr^e peut causer de 
 I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge 
 int^rieure. 
 
 Blank leaves added during restorations may appear 
 within the text. Whenever possible, these have been 
 omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages 
 blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration 
 apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6\aW 
 possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6X6 film^s. 
 
 Additional comments / 
 Commentaires suppl6mentaires: 
 
 L'Institut a microulm^ le meilieur exemplaire qu'il lui a 
 6\6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- 
 plaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibli- 
 ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, 
 ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^tho- 
 de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages / Pages de couleur 
 
 I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminated / 
 Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul^es 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / 
 Pages dteolor^es, tachet^es ou piques 
 
 Pages detached / Pages d^tach^es 
 
 Showthrough / Transparence 
 
 Quality of print varies / 
 Quality in^gale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material / 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, 
 tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best 
 possible image / Les pages totalement ou 
 partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une 
 pelure, etc., ont ^t^ film^s i nouveau de fagon h 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 Opposing pages with varying colouration or 
 discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best 
 possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des 
 colorations variables ou des decolorations sont 
 film^s deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image 
 possible. 
 
 Thia ttem it f llmad at tha raductlon ratio chaelcad baiow / 
 
 Ca documant aat film* au taux da rMuction indiquA ci-daaaoua. 
 
 lOx 
 
 
 
 
 14x 
 
 
 
 
 18x 
 
 
 
 
 22x 
 
 
 
 
 26x 
 
 
 
 
 30x 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12x 
 
 ita 
 
 20x 
 
 24x 
 
 32x 
 
The copy filmed h«r« haa baan raproducad thanks 
 to tha gcnarosity of: 
 
 L'axamplaira film* f ut raproduit gric* * la 
 gAnArositi da: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 Bibliotheque nationale du Canada 
 
 Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality 
 poasibia considaring tha condition and lagibility 
 of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha 
 filming contract spacifications. 
 
 Las imagas suivantas ont M raproduitas avac la 
 plus grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at 
 da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at an 
 conformity avac laa conditions du contrat da 
 filmaga. 
 
 Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad 
 beginning with tha front covar and anding on 
 tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- 
 sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All 
 othar original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha 
 first paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- 
 aion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad 
 or illuatratad imprassion. 
 
 Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couvartura an 
 papiar ast imprimaa sont filmAs tn commanpant 
 par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la 
 ^wni^n paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'impraasion ou d'iliustration, soit par la sacond 
 plat, salon la cas. Tous laa autras axamplairas 
 originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la 
 pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta 
 d'impraasion ou d'iliustration at an tarminant par 
 la darniira paga qui comporta una talla 
 amprainta. 
 
 Tha laat racordad frama on aach microficha 
 shall contain tha symbol — »> (maaning "CON> 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (maaning "END"), 
 whichavar appliaa. 
 
 Un daa symbolaa suivants apparaitra sur la 
 darniira imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la 
 cas: la symbola ^^signifia "A SUIVRE", la 
 symbola ▼ signifia "FIN". 
 
 Mapa, plataa, charts, ate. may ba filmad at 
 diffarant reduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba 
 antiraly included in one exposure ara filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illuatrata the 
 method: 
 
 Lea cartaa. planchaa. tableaux, etc.. peuvent atra 
 filmis * daa taux da reduction diffirants. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour etre 
 reproduit en un seul clichA. il est filmi a partir 
 da Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut an baa. an prenant le nombra 
 d'imagea nAcassaira. Lea diagrammas suivants 
 illustrant la m^thoda. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
MICTOCOfY RESOIUTION TEST CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 I.I 
 
 tii |2.8 
 
 |J0 "^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 1^ 1^ 
 It i^ 
 
 li^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 IKUU 
 
 
 
 1111.8 
 
 A APPLIED I^A^GE 
 
 1653 Eost Main Street 
 
 Rochester, New York 14609 USA 
 
 (716) 482 - OJOO - Phone 
 
 (716) 288 - 5989 - Fox 
 
ANCIENT SCIENCE 
 
 OS 
 
 SECRETS 
 
 or 
 
 Pyramids. Walls and Temples 
 
 ■•' r 
 
 m WHICH M ADDHB A«H>HT RIVWW Of PUMI iMTiH's 
 " OOH WfllWIAHO* W TH» OOUT PTBAHID " 
 
 BY 
 
 1^1 
 
 DUQALD MACDONALD 
 
 National Librar/ Bibliotheque nationale 
 of Canada du Canada 
 
 
 iiOHtreal: 
 GAcnm Vamam Cokpaiit 
 
 
ANCIENT SCIENCE 
 
 OR 
 
 SECRETS 
 
 OP 
 
 Pyramids, Walls and Temples 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED A SHORT REVIEW OF PIAZZI SMYTU's 
 '• DDR INHERITANCE IN THE GREAT PYRAMID " 
 
 BY 
 
 DUGALD MACDONALD 
 
 /Montreal : 
 Gazette Pkintixg Co.mimnv 
 
 I'JOl 
 
Knteri'il according lo Act of P:irliainent, in thr Year One Thousand Nine Kundrud 
 ,ind One. I>y Duoald Macdonald, in the Ottiii; of the Minister ol Auricuitiire and 
 Statistics of the Dominion of C.inada, 
 
 . * 
 
 f f, 
 
 1 
 
% , 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (•• 
 
 <^ I. 
 
 I propone to ewtabliah by clear, Himple and conciHe 
 (leiuoiistratioiis the truth of the following proportitions : — 
 
 1. That the three pyramids of Gy>;<'li chronicle the form 
 and dimensions of the earth and other members of our solar 
 system. These facts, if they do not establish a conviction, 
 afford reasonable grounds to su{»pose that the three pyra- 
 mids of Gyzeh are the identical structures referre<l to by 
 Josephus and the Arabian chronologers, on which the 
 grandsons of Adam inscribed tlie knowledge they had ac- 
 quired in regard to the heavens and the earth — knowledge 
 acquired either by their own observations or delivered to 
 them by Adam who, it is tniditioinxUy maintained, was a 
 great astronomer. 
 
 2. That the three pyramids of Gyzeh chronicle the rela- 
 tive weights of water, wheat and barley, which knowl- 
 edge is occultly preserved in the Innspruck foot, the 
 Russian foot and the English foot, from vhich it 
 appears that the water grain, the wheat grain and the 
 barley grain were the three fundamental units of primitive 
 metrology, and that the three pyramids of Gyzeh were, 
 among other reasons, constructed to perpetuate a knowl- 
 edge of the primitive standards of weights and measures. 
 
 3. That the dimensions of the earth chronicled in the 
 three pyramids of Gyzeh, were also chronicled in the fol- 
 io iiig struetares : — 
 
 a) The wall of Nineveh. 
 
 b) The walls and temple of Belus at Babylon, and 
 
 c) The Great Pyramid of Cholula in Mexico. 
 
 1 
 
IV. 
 
 4. Thut iut'nsurt'H(»t'liMi^'fli,Hiu'haHtlu>«tu(lc' ot'Amtotle, 
 the rttatlo of MegartthetiOM, the ntjuie nt ErutostheiH-rt, the 
 Olympic Htadi' aH well iw the Kn^lish t'urloiig. Mie KngliHh 
 statute acre, the link of the land surveyor'^ t-huin, the 
 whole chain, the yogan iind tin' co-s of Imlia were each 
 and all founded on and oceultly preserve the knowledge 
 of the dimensions of the earth ehronioled in the three pyra- 
 mids of Gyzeh, the wall of Nineveh, the walls and tenqde 
 of Belus at Babylon and the Great Pyranii.l of Cholula in 
 Mexico. 
 
 Hence it follows that the revolutionary government of 
 France was not the first, as is generally supposed, to estab- 
 lish a system of linear measure founded on u part of the 
 earth's dimensions, and, furthermore, the oft repeated as- 
 sertion that the "earliest inhabitants" of the earth were 
 •' most ignorant," as stated in a work of great national 
 importance, is founded on crass ignorance of facts. To 
 refute such an oft repeated assertion is a fitting reward for 
 the weary labor of extracting from the granite giasp of the 
 pyramids the secrets which tliey have so carefully guarded 
 for thousatids of years. 
 
 DUGALD MaCDONALD. 
 
f 
 
 \ 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 (•IIAITKR I. 
 Tin- Pynmiid**. When -d hy whoiii ouifitnirttHl. 
 
 CIIAlTi^H II. 
 
 Form an.l diim-nsions of the thr.-i- |.yniiiii.lw of < iy/.-h, tl- "ynunid 
 of Clioliila ill M.vi . aii.l tlit- .vulii- ami tower of Habyloii. 
 
 CHAITKH III. 
 
 Prii >ivt' o|iiiiioii of tin- oartir.x mi-riiiiomil circumfcn'm't' chroiiicltMl 
 in til .ir»r j)yramia8 of < iyzdi, (lu- < Jrt'at I'yramid of Clioliila in Mexico, 
 tli«' wall of Xineveli, the wall.x ami tower of B<lii!- at Babylon. 
 
 ClIAITE.i IV. 
 
 Linear nieasnres of varionw lountri.'M occultly chronicle the ancient 
 opinion of the earth'w meridional cin-iiniference. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Dbaervatioii.- on some reniarkable factB connected with the dimensions 
 and maftnitiides of the three pyramids '' Gyzeh. 
 
 CirUTE- I. 
 
 The three pyraniidc of Oyzeh chronicle the relative weight* of water, 
 wheat antl barley. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Further observations on some remarkable facts connected with the 
 dimensions and magnitudes of the three i)yramids of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAITER VIII. 
 The earth's diameter chronicled in the Great Pyramid of Gyzeh, 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The circumference of the nuxtn chronicled in the Great Pyramid of 
 Gyzeh. 
 
VI. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The distance of the planet Mara from the earth chronicled in the Great 
 Pyramid of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 The distance of the Sun from the earth chronicled in the Second Pyra- 
 mid of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAl'TER XII. 
 
 A degree of the sun's circumference chronicled in the base of the 
 Second Pyramid of Gyzeh. 
 
 CIIAITER XIII. 
 
 A quadrant of the earth's circumference chronicled in the Queen's 
 Chamber of the Great Pyramid of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 The diameter oi the earth's satellite chronicled in the Queen's Cham- 
 ber of the Great Pyramid of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 The semi-circumference of the planet Venus chronicled in the King's 
 Chamber of the Great Pyrannd of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 Some linear measures occultly preserve the ancient opinion respecting 
 the relative weights of water, wheat and barley, as also the dimensions 
 of the earth chronicled in the pyramids. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 The coffer in the King's ( -hamber of the Cireat Pyramid of Gyzeh. 
 
 CHAl'TER XVIII. 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 Remarks on Mr. Piazzi Smyth's " Our Inheritance in the Great 
 Pyramid." 
 
Secrets of Pyramids, Walls and Temples. 
 
 *^ 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE PYRAMIDS— WHEN AND BV WHOM CONSTRUCTED. 
 
 At this late period in the world's history, it is impossible, 
 with any degree of certainty, to assign any particular date 
 for the erection of the three pyramids of Gyzeh. 
 
 It will be admitted, I think, that the Jews — those who 
 Avrote, preserved and transmitted to latter ages, the Old Tes- 
 tament — were the earliest historians of past ages. That 
 they had records of remote events in the world's history is 
 made evident by their writers. jS'ow, Josephus, in his "An- 
 tiquities of the Jews" (Book 1, c. 2), in speaking of Adam 
 and of his son Seth, says: "J^Jow, this Seth, when he was 
 brought up, and came to those years in which he could dis- 
 cern what was good, became a virtuous man; and as he was 
 himself of an excellent character, so did he leave children 
 behind who imitated his virtues. All of these proved to be 
 of good dispositions; they also inhabited the same country 
 without dissensions, and in happy condition, without any 
 misfortunes falling upon them till they died. They also 
 were the inventors of that peculiar sort of msdom which is 
 concerned with the heavenly bodies, and their order. And 
 that their inventions might not be lost, before they were 
 sufficiently known, upon Adam's prediction that the world 
 was to be destroyed at one time by the force of fire, and at 
 another time by the violence and (luantity of water (a). They 
 made two pillars, the one of brick, the other of ston^ ; they 
 inscribed their discoveries on them both, that in case the 
 pillar of brick should be destroyed by the flood, the pillar 
 of stone might remain, and exhibit those discoveries to man- 
 kind, and also infonn them that there was another pillar of 
 
 (a). The Egyptian priests appear to have been acquainted with this 
 prediction as is evident by what they told Solon, as related by Plato in his 
 Timwus. 
 
2 
 
 brick erected by them. Now this remains in the land of 
 Siriad to this day.'' From the foregoing we have a distinct 
 intimation, that two pillars or pyramids were erected for 
 sciontitic purposes, before the deluge, in the land of Siriad. 
 In another part of his celebrated work, Josephus (Book 
 2, c. J») tells us of the afflictions that befell the Hebrews in 
 Egypt during the four hundred years of their sojourn in that 
 country previous to the exodus, how they were forced " to 
 out a great number of channels for the river, and to build 
 walls for their cities and ramparts, that they might restrain 
 the river, and hinder its waters from stagnating, upon its 
 running over its own banks. They set them also to build 
 pyramids, and by all this wore them out." Here we have 
 another distinct allusion to the building of pyramids after 
 the flood; but were these latter pyramids erected for a scien- 
 tific purpose such as those referred to in the previous extract 
 from the work of Jogephus ? 
 
 Herodotus, the father of history, who visited Egypt about 
 the year 449 B.C., relates that in a conversation he had with 
 the priests of Memphis he was informed that the great pyra- 
 mid was built by Cheops, a king of Egypt, about 900 B.C., 
 that one hundred thousand men were employed twenty years 
 in building it; and that the body of Cheops was placed in a 
 room beneath the bottom of the pyramid. The srcond 
 pyramid was built by Cephren, the brother and successor 
 of Cheops, and the third owed its origin to Mycerinus, the 
 fon of Cheops. Very little reliance can be placed upon the 
 information which Herodotus received from the priests of 
 Memphis, as will appear from the following:— "The priests 
 also informed me that Rampsinitus, who succeeded Proteus 
 in the kingdom, descended dlive into that place which the 
 Greeks call Hades, and there played at dice with Ceres, and 
 sometimes won, and other times lost; and that he came up 
 again and brought with him as a present from her a napkin 
 of gold," on account of which the Egyptian* celebrated a 
 festival "observed even in my time" (Herodotus, B. 2, pp. 
 121, 122). The student of Herodotus cannot fail to observe 
 
3 
 
 that the "father of history" clearly distinguishes between 
 what he saw himself and what he relates on the authority 
 of others. 
 
 Pliny, in his Natural History, gives a brief though inter- 
 esting account in regard to the question at issue, he says 
 that: "The largest pyramid is built of stone quarried in 
 Arabia; three hundred and sixty thousand men, it is said, 
 were employed upon it twonty years, and they were com- 
 pleted in seventy-eight years and four months," After men- 
 tioning the names of twelve authors who wrote on the subject 
 of the pyramids, he tells us that they "disagreed as to the 
 persons by whom they were constructed, accident," says he, 
 " having with very considerable justice consigned to oblivion 
 the names of those who erected such stupendous memorials 
 of their vanity." After stating their various dimensions, 
 which will be considered in another chapter, and the means 
 enii)I()yipd for their construction, he tells us that the third 
 pyramid "was built by Rhodopis" (a statement denied by 
 Herodotus), who, Pliny tells us, was a courtesan; but he 
 doubts that "she should have been enabled, by her vocation, 
 to amass such enormous wealth" as to be able to bear the 
 cost of its construction. (Pliny, Nat. Hist., B. xxxvi, c. 17.) 
 John CJreaves, who was Fellow of j\Ierton College, Ox- 
 ford, visited Egypt in the year 1638, for the purpose of 
 surveying the pyramids, of which structures there was then 
 no satisfactory account extant. He says, "Concerning the 
 pyramids, I shall put down that which is confessed by the 
 Arabian writers to be the most probable relation, as is re- 
 ported by Ibn Abd Alhokm, whose words out of the Arabic 
 are these: ' The greatest part of chronologers agree, that he 
 which built the pyramids was Saurid Ibn Salhouk, king of 
 Eg^•pt, who lived three hundred years before the flood. The 
 occasion of this was, because lie ^aw, in his sleep, that the 
 whole earth was turned over with the inhabitants of it, the 
 men lying upon their faces, and the stars falling down and 
 striking one another, with a terrible noise; and being trou- 
 bled, he concealed it. After this he saw the fixed stars 
 
falling to the earth, in the similitiule of white fowl, and 
 they snatched up men, carrying them between two great 
 mountains; and these mountains c-losed upon them, and the 
 ^hiniug stars were made dark. Awaking with great fear, he 
 iissembled the chief priests of all the provinces of Egypt, 
 an hundred and thirty priests; the chief of them was called 
 Aclimum. Kelating the whole matter to them, they took 
 the altitude of the stars, and making their prognostications, 
 foretold of a deluge. The king said 'Will it come to our 
 country f They answered, 'Yea, and will destroy it.' And 
 ihere remained a certain number of years for to come, and 
 he commanded in the mean space to build the pyramids, and 
 rt vault to be made, into which the river Xilus entering, 
 should run into the countries of the west, and into the land 
 of Al-Said. And he filled them with amulets? and with 
 strange things, and with riches and treasures and the like. 
 He engraved in them all things that were told to him by 
 wise men, as also all profound sciences, the names of magic 
 spells, the uses and hurts of them; the science of Astkology 
 AND Arithmetic and of Geometkv and of Physic. All 
 this may be interpreted by him that knows their characters 
 and language. After he had given order for this building, 
 they cut out vast columns and wonderful stones from the 
 ^Ethiopians, and made with these the foundation of three 
 pyramids, fastening them together with lead and iron. 
 They built the gates of them forty cul)its under ground, and 
 they made the height of the pyramids one hundred royal 
 cubits, which are fifty of ours in these times; he also made 
 each side of them an hundred royal cubits. The beginning 
 of this building was in a fortunate horoscojje. After that 
 he had finished it, he covered it with coloured satin from the 
 top to the bottom; and he appointed a solenm festival, at 
 which were present sill the inhabitants of his kingdom." 
 
 In view^ of the absurd theories which have been advanced 
 in modern times to account for the deluge, Astronomers of 
 the present day will not be disposed to credit the statement 
 that the priests, or in other words, the Astronomers of Egypt^ 
 
could, by observation of tlie stars, predict the advent of a 
 deluge. These ancient Astronomers understood a certain 
 fact, of which modern astronomy is ignorant, and these wise 
 men knew that in consequence of the prece9<»ional move- 
 ment, the earth and the sun would arrive in a certain posi- 
 tion, in regard to each other, and would thus by solar heat 
 liberate the vast (|uantities of water, held in a solidified form 
 at the North Pole, and thus deluge the world. 
 
 From what we have seen respecting the period at which 
 the pyramids were constructed, it appears evident that 
 neither Herodotus nor Pliny possessed any definite knowl- 
 edge on the subject. Had the works of the various authors 
 whom Pliny particularly mentions, contained any reliable 
 information on the (juestion, it is but reasonable to suppose 
 that he would have incorporared in his great work any scrap 
 of information of a reliable chai'acter on so interesting a sub- 
 ject. His silence in this particular, when we consider his 
 eagerness to include everything of interest in his work, leads 
 to the conclusion that he considered their views on the sub- 
 ject to be of no consequence, and unworthy of mention. 
 
 If the opinion of the learned could definitely settle the 
 .[uestion, whether the pyramids were constructed previous to 
 or subsequent to the deluge, it appears to me that the con- 
 sensus of opinion is in favor of the view that these structures 
 were erected in antediluvian days. Diodorus Siculus states 
 that some authors say that the great pyramid was con- 
 structed 3,400 years before his time. Lepsius says it was 
 built y,oOO years before Christ, while Bunsen says 8,280 
 and Proctor 3,30'' \ It is, however, necessary to observe 
 that others, iiotab._; ..Ir. Piazzi Smytl/, Astronomer Royal 
 for Scotland, author of "Our Inheritance in the Gr • Pyra- 
 mid," places the construction of the (Jreat Pyrai;. s late 
 as the time of Melchizedek, King of Salem. 
 
 Although a number of authorities could be <iuoted for 
 and against the opinion which I entertain on this subject, 
 nevertheless, in my judgment, they would neither tend to 
 •weaken nor strengthen my contention, for this reason I w^il- 
 
6 
 
 lingly refrain from introducing any further opinions on the 
 subject. It will be observed, howe\er, that the authorities 
 quoted speak of two distinct classes of pyramidd, and of two 
 distinct eras for their construction. (1) Pyramids to chroni- 
 cle scientific discoveries, and erected before the deluge. (2) 
 Pyramids to serve as tombs, and erected after the flood. 
 The testimony of Josephus and that of the Arabian chroiio- 
 logers mentioned by Greaves, refer to the former while 
 Herodotus and Pliny allude to the latter. If it can be 
 shown— which is the main object of this work, that the three 
 pyramids of Gyzeh chronicle, among other things, the di- 
 mensions of the earth, the sun, the moon. Mercury, Venus, 
 etc., these facts would corroborate the statement of Josephus 
 ^nd of the Arabian chronographers, and thus establish the 
 conviction that the three pyramids ©f Gyzeh are of antedi- 
 luvian construction. 
 
 Before concluding this chapter, it may not be amiss to 
 direct attention to a slight diiference between the testimony 
 of Josephus and the Arabian chronologers in respect to the 
 name of the persons stated by each to have constructed the 
 pyramids; Josephus ascribes their erection to the "sons of 
 ►Seth," while the Arabian chronologers refer their construc- 
 tion to "Saurid Ibn Salhouk, King of Egypt." Both the.se 
 statements may be identical in one of two ways: — The 
 Arabic name "Saurid Ibn Salhouk" may in the 
 English language mean, Saurid, son of Seth, if not so, it 
 may not be an unreasonable supposition, in fact, no other 
 supposition is possible, particularly as they referred the 
 erection of tl.e pyramids to antediluvian lays — that they 
 were erected b\ the sons of Seth as stated by Josephus. 
 
 In regard to the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in Mexico, 
 nothing need here be said beyond stating the fact that 
 whoever built it, must have been acquainted with the length 
 of the sides of the base of the Great Pyramid of Gyzeh in 
 Egypt, and with reference to the wall of Nineveh, and the 
 walls and tower of Babylon, these are sufficiently known, and 
 icquire no mention. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 FOKM AND DIMENSIONS OK THE Till KK I'YKAMIDS (IK (iYZEII, TIIK PYHAMID 
 
 OK CIIOI.ULA IN .VE.\'0>, THE WALL OK NINEVEH, AND THE 
 
 WALLS AND TOWER OK H.kllYLON. 
 
 It i3 now necessary to consider the form and dimensions 
 of the various pyramids, the wall of ^'ineveh and the walls 
 and tower of Babylon, 
 
 The length of the base of the great pyramid of Egypt, 
 as determined by the French academicians who accompanied 
 Napoleon into Egypt at the end of the eighteenth century, is 
 763-65 English feet. According to the measurement of 
 Colonel Vyse, the length of the base is 764 English feet. 
 IMahmound Bey, who measured the b.nse of the great pyra- 
 mid as lately as 1S62, A.D., makes its length 7G3| English 
 feet. These are the only modern measurements of the base 
 of this pyramid that deserve notice. The mean length of 
 them is 763-716 English feet. Just about one-tenth of an 
 inch less than what its correct length i^ .supposed to be, 
 which is 7631 English feet. The resultant of the for- 
 
 mula -—^.f^ X 44 English teet. 
 
 As the length of the base of the great pyramid is ex- 
 pressed by the formula —-^X 44 English f ^t, so it is con- 
 sidered that the length of the base of the second pyramid of 
 Qyzeh is expressed by the similar formula^ .,X 40 En g- 
 lish feet, equal to 694| English feet, and the length of 
 the base of the third pyramid of Gyzeh "^ — X 19-2 
 English feet, equal to 383^ English feet. 
 
The modern nieaj-ureinenid of the bases ni the second and 
 third pyramids do not veil assist to support this theory, but 
 it is necessary that they should be noticed. The length of 
 the north face of the second pyramid, according to M. 
 Jomard, one of the savants of the Xapoleonic expedition 
 into Egypt, ia (!»2 English feet, and the length of the base 
 of the west face is (isy English feet. Colonel Vyse states 
 that the original length of the base of this pyramid was 
 707f English feet — and says that 's present length is O'.tO^ 
 English feet. Erom these discordant statements, it is i)re- 
 snmed that the pyramid isinMo dilapidates! a state to allow 
 of its base being clearly defined. 
 
 The disagreements of the measured lengths ci the base 
 01 the third pyramid are still more remarkable. M. Jomard 
 gives for the length of the north i'ace of this pyramid 330 
 English feet, and for the length of the west face 339 English 
 feet. According to Colonel ^'y^e, the length of the base 
 is 354^ English feet. Mr. Piazzi Smyth does not consider 
 either the second or the third pyramid worth any considera- 
 tion, but devotes all his admiration and labor to the Great 
 Pyramid, which, no doubt has always received, in all ages, 
 the greatest amount of admiration. 
 
 Fortunately for the theory propounded for determining 
 the length of the bases of the pyramids, the Roman and 
 Greek authors furnish the information wanted to confirm its 
 correctness. 
 
 Pliny declares that the face of the great pyramid is 833 
 feet long; that the face of each side of the second pyramid 
 is 757i feet long, and that each face of the third pyramid 
 is 363 feet .ong. It is to be noticed that these lengths are 
 r.lmost in the precise ratio obta.ned by the prescribed for- 
 mula, i.e., is the ratio of 11 10, 4*8. 
 
 It may be remarked that the "Italic foot" is eleven inches 
 long, and resulted, as did the " Royal foot" of 13-2 inches, 
 as follows: — The circumference of the earth, as will be 
 sho^\^l later on, was considered tn be 132,000,000 feet of 12 
 
inches, 120,000,000 Koyal foet of 13-2 inches, and in con- 
 sequence of "sweet faced hunnony," 144,000,000 feet of 11 
 inches, which was the " Italic foot," which is not to he con- 
 founded with the "Koinan foot," which i^i a different 
 measure. Aow, 833 times eleven English incLea are equal 
 to 703 -0 l.iglish feet; 757i times eleven Knglish inches are 
 ecjual to 094 '-i English feet, and 30;5 times elevun English 
 inches are equal to 332^ English feet. Thus ii is seen that 
 if the foot specified by Phny is allowed to be the Italic foot, 
 and there is no more eligible foot, the length of the great 
 pyramid as defined by Pliny is about 3i English inches less 
 than what is herein supposed to have been the designed 
 length; the length of the base of the second pyramid about 
 one-hrlf of an English inch less than the supposed desi"-ied 
 length, and the length of the base of the third pyramid 
 seven English inches less than the supposed designed length 
 — variations of length- which are as nothing compared with 
 the disagreements of modern explorers. 
 
 Let Herodotus, the earliest known measurer of the pyra- 
 mid?, be next examined. It will be found that he confirms 
 most i-emarkably the accuracy of the opinion expressed con- 
 cerning the relative lengths that have been assigned to the 
 bases of the two great pyramids. He says that the length of 
 tJie base of the second pyramid is forty feet less than the 
 length of the gi-eat pyramid. This statement at first appears 
 startlingly contrary and antagonistic, not only to the opinions 
 that have been advanced, but to all known facts concerning 
 the lengths of the bases of these two pyramids. But, by 
 substituting the word cubits for the word feet, the mist 
 disappears, and the meaning of the sentence becomes clear. 
 For the base of each p;-ramid is a stade in length, and as 
 every stade consists of 400 cubits, it follows that if the ratio 
 of the lengths of the bases of these two pyramids be, as has 
 been assumed, ten is to eleven, the shorter base is forty of 
 its own cubite less in length than the longer base. There 
 can he little doubt that this explanation correctly interprets 
 Herodotus's remark. 
 
10 
 
 It would weary to disciLss the further evidence that exists 
 respecting the lengths of the bases of the pyramids, altliough 
 much of it is, it is considered, favorable i , the proposition 
 that has been submitted, and which it is hoped the testimony 
 that has been adduced will be thought sutticient to have 
 established; that the length of the base of the great ,,vramid 
 18 768;; English teet, that the length ot the base 'ot the 
 seconU pyramid is ti94f, English feet, and that the length 
 v'' the base of the third pyramid is 333^ English feet. 
 
 It is now necessary to say a few words as to the form and 
 licight of the pyramids. In the present dilapidated state of 
 the pyramids, stripped as they are (f their external casing, 
 it is not to be expected that the oigle at which their faces 
 were designed to incline to tho horizon can be precisely ascer- 
 tained. But the result of the measurements that have been 
 made are not opposed to the supposition that they were pur- 
 posed to be of similar form, as stated by Diodorus Siculus, 
 who says that the smaller pyramids of Gyzeh were like in 
 all things to the great pyramid except in size; and it is sub- 
 mitted that the angle formed by their sides with the horizon 
 was 52 degrees. More properly 62° U' 4" 9"'. This opinion 
 16 considered to be substantiated by the measurements of 
 Colonel ', yse, who determined ihe inclination of the face of 
 the great pyramid 50 51', of the second pyramid 52^ 20'. 
 Of ti 9 third pyramid 51°. To three o. the small pyramids, 
 the same author assigns an inclination of 52° 10', mid to 
 another one 52° 15'. The remaining two pyramids of Gyzeh 
 are constructed in steps. It is quite evident that these 
 pyramids were never designed with these slight variations of 
 inclination, but wei-e intended, as suggested, to incline at 
 the same angle, and this angle, it is believed, was, as stated, 
 62 0' 4" 9'". If this be so, the height of either pvramid 
 jfi to the length of the base as 384 is to 600, or as the*^square 
 of four is to the square of five. The significance ol these 
 numbers is much increased when the mystical properties 
 attributed by the ancient inhabitants of the world is con- 
 sidered. The number 384 is, Plato affirms, the fir^t of 
 
11 
 
 ..nities, and the number (iOO apfM^ars t., have l.oen .Mul.nved 
 .cyond the K-.uTality of n.m.l.erH with i-rofuund and ,,.n.- 
 liar signification. ' 
 
 13 213^ Lngli8>- ^eet. 
 
 Th.. HuU-s oi rlK. base of th<- g,vat pynnui.! of Clioluh. in 
 Jlexico .,s =itat,..l in "The Seven Wondera of the World " 
 are each ],440 English feet, and like tlie ,reat pynunid of 
 Uyzeh has Its sides opposite the fo„r cardinal i.oints The 
 perpendn-nlar lioight is, acording to Humboldt, 177 Kn-Hsh 
 leet. " 
 
 The great wall of Babylon, aeeordirg to Herodotus was 
 .iuadrangiilar, each side of which Mas one hundred and 
 twenty stade., these stcdes make up the sum of four hundred 
 «nd eighty ,n the whole .ireumference. fn the preeiret 
 of Jupiter Belus was a 9.iuare buildiI>^r of two 8tades on 
 every side. In the midst of this precinct is b.iilt a solid 
 tower of one stade, both in length and breadth, and on this 
 row-er mse another, and another upon that to the number of 
 tight All these structures were in existence at the time of 
 Jierodotus, and seen by him. 
 
 The stade referred to by Herodotus, is the stade of four 
 hundred wheat corn cubits of 22^\ English inches, or the 
 stade ot 57,600 wheat grains, equal to 763« English feet 
 by which the earth's meridional circu^iferen^e is^expreS 
 by the formula 763^ X 12^ x 10^=182,000,000 English feet 
 ihe wall of Nineveh was of the same dimensions as the 
 
 ?r /'? ^'^^^''°' "''"^^^' '^^ ^"tire circumference was 
 
 ioO stades. 
 
It 
 
 CHAPTER IIL 
 
 PHIMITIVE OPINION or THE KaKTII'h MKKIDIONAL riUCIM>K»INCK (IIRONI- 
 
 tl.KI» IN TIIK TIIBKE I'YKAMIDH OK GVZKll, TIIK (iHKAT I'YM»M1I) 
 
 OK (HOI.II.A IN MEXKI), TIIK WAIX OK NINEVKII AND IN 
 
 TIIK WAH.N AND TOWEI: OK HABYLON. 
 
 Each side of the base of the great pvramid of Gvzeh, ia 
 7(J8* Englirth feet or 9,ltJ6:i English inches. The sum 
 of iu four sides in tentha of inches is 366,000^ and 3G0,066§ 
 English feet are precisely one degree of a circumference of 
 twenty-five thousand Ei.glish statute miles, the earth's meri- 
 dional circumference, as it is popularly supposed to be at the 
 present day, and may have been the precL^ circumference 
 in the days when the great p^Tamid was c.i.structed. It is 
 not slu-prising to find a degree of the earth's meridional cir- 
 cumference chronicled in the great i)yramid of (iyzeh, for 
 this great problem must have engaged the attention anl 
 excited the wonder of the earth's earliest inhabitants. Tlicy 
 were men and women like unto those who now live, and not 
 monkeys, apes or jelly fish. They had intellioen.-e to pro- 
 pound great problems and ability to solve them. This 
 mystic number 366,66GJ tells us 'that a fiood of ignorance 
 did not prevail over the earth when the great pvramid was 
 . onstructed, and that those who assert that the earth's earli- 
 t^t inhabitants were ignorant, are, unfortunatelv, more to 
 be pitied than blamed. 
 
 It is reasonable to suppose that one side of the base of the 
 great pyranii.l, 7»i8^ English feet, was in primitive times 
 a recognized measure of length, but by what name it was 
 known is, at the present day, impossible to sav, and for 
 uasons which vdW. hereafter appear, it may be desiimated as 
 I he wheat stade. It would appear that the primitive Babv- 
 loiuans adopted the so-c died wheat stade as a rocr.gnized 
 measure of length. Herodotus, iwi father of historv, in- 
 forms u=!, that the great wall which encbised the great eitv of 
 Piflbylon was quadrargular, and had front nn each side of 
 
13 
 
 one hundred «nd twentv ,tad«., uhic-h makes up sav* he 
 
 w;:^yr 'rr^ ;'''■' ^'^^^^ '-'-^•'^'••^^^^ 
 
 lerence. If the stade referred to bv Herodotus was flm 
 wheat «tade of 708.1 Englinh feet, one aid.of 1 b«.e of 
 .he grea pyramid of Uyzeh, then four hundred and eighty 
 
 8u..h «tn.K. are ..«ai„ ,„ i....lv '.m^n KngliHh Toot l^tl 
 
 mne and four-ninths English statute miL, or one de' ee of 
 he earth's meridional circumference, on ho supposi^on of 
 
 t^.^^^sr-^^'' '-' - •ent.tinr::! 
 
 It may be well to observe that the circumference herein 
 n8..gned to the wall of Jiabylon is in excess of othc el ^ 
 
 d7tu? the" \T V'\t'' ''••^"^^ translation of I r- 
 dotus, the editor (L. Humbert) .tatos that the wall 
 surroundmg Babvlon had a ..ir..un,ference of eigh loae^e 
 or twenty-four English statute miles. Kev. A. Ke th D D 
 (Evidence of Prophecy), says forty-eight miles, wh le Bean 
 I ndeaux assigns sixty English statute n.iles. The fore Jus 
 "re the e^tiniatcs of the tour hundred and eigh tsf ! 
 a>s,gned by Herodotus for the circumference of that vaU 
 ;.nd they afford unmistakable evidence that mol n .Xr^ 
 c:-tertained divergent if not most erroneous opinions Tn 
 
 :S 'i:^: -^^^'^ ^' ""^^^"* ^^^«^^^- ^^ese estLates a^ 
 kZf^/ '"'."''"" '^''""^' '■ " i^ "Emitted that all 
 
 know edge respectmg the length .f ancient stades is com- 
 pletely lost and It may be observed that thev would be 
 impossible of recovery were it not for the three pyramids of 
 
 Z2.\ T. '"' "' '^'' ''''' ^" '"^ ^^"^« I^^-i- -"tors 
 themsedv^ did not ag^ee as to what was the length 
 of their Sch«m and Parasangse, each assigning to them a 
 different length. That the three Limates ab^ve 
 ^lent.o^neo, namely: TM-onty-foiu-, forty-oight and sixtv 
 Enghsh statute miles for the circumference of the great wall 
 of Babylon, are erroneous, can, I think, be clearlv demon- 
 
 on 1 f yT J-t I'' '^'' ^^"'^"^^^"' "-''dotus men- 
 tions a fact, to which the particular attention of the reader is 
 
14 
 
 refuested. ''From Sardi^ to MemiiMnia is a distance of 
 13,500 !itndcs, and those who travel," says he, "oiie hundred 
 and fifty ndides every day jii^t ninety days are spent in the 
 journey." If four hundred and eighty stades, the circum- 
 ference of the wall of Babylon as assigned by Herodotus, 
 are equivalent to twenty-four English statute miles, as 
 stated by the editor of Lurcher's »^ranslation of llerodotiis, 
 then one hundred and lifty stades, a day's journey, as men- 
 tioned by Herodotus, are equivalent to seven and one-half 
 English statute miles. Evidently, the estimate of twenty- 
 four English statute miles for the circumference of the wall 
 of Babylon is as eiToneous as the estimate of seven and one- 
 lialf English statute miles is for a day's journey. The esti- 
 mate of forty-eight English statute miles for four hundred 
 :ind eighty stades, tlie circumforoijce of the wall of Babylon, 
 makes one hundred and fifty stades, a day's journey, equal 
 \o fifteen English statute miles. Did Herodotus mejta to 
 ussert that a distance equivalent to fifteen English statute 
 miles was a daj^s jouniey ? If he did not, he evidently did 
 not mean to assert that four hundred and eighty stades are 
 equivalent to forty-eight English statute miles. There 
 remains the estimate of Dean Prideaux to be ex. i mined. 
 His estimate for the circumference of the wall of Babvlon, 
 IS, as we have already seen, sixty English statute miles. 
 Xow, if four hundred and eighty stades are equivalent to 
 sixty English statute miles, one hundred and fifty stades, a 
 day's journey, are equivalent to eighteen and one-half 
 English statute miles. Did Herodotus mean to assert that 
 eighteoTi and one-half English statute miles are a dav's 
 journey ? 
 
 If the four hundred and eighty stades assigned by Hero- 
 dotus as the circumference of the wall of Babylon are 
 equivalent to sixty-nine and fonr-ninths English statute 
 miles, such as I have calculated the circumference of the 
 wall of Babylon to have been, then one hundred and fifty 
 stades, a day's journey, are equivalent to twenty-one and 
 
15 
 
 three-quarter miles, nearly. Evidently the (luestion as to 
 the estimate of the eircnmference of the wall of Babylon 
 m English statute miles is now reduced to the consideration 
 of the estimate of Dean Prideaux (GO miles), and that herein 
 assigned (09+ miles). Dean Prideaux assigns for the 
 length of each stade 060 English feet, or one English fur- 
 long, while I assign 763,« English feet, or one side of the 
 hnse of the great pyramid of Gyzeh. One hundred and 
 iirty strides, each of 000 English feet, are, as we have already 
 seen, ef|uivalent to 18* English statute miles, a day's jour- 
 ney, while tlie same number of stades, each "of 7035 
 English feet, are e.iuivalent to 212 l'""glish statute miles 
 iiuarly. Which is the more correct estimate for a day's 
 journey, that of Dean Prideaux 18^ or that herein assigned, 
 21f English statute miles nearly? 
 
 Aimmg the Jews, a Sabbath day's journey was 3,Gi8 
 English feet, and a day's journey 175,104 English feet, or 
 a little in excess of thirty-three English statute miles. 
 Achilles Tatius (2nd or -Ith centuiy A.D.), as quoted by 
 M Bailli, relates that the Chaldeans reckoned that a man- 
 could accomplish the walk around the earth by continuous 
 walking at an average rate of walking in the course of one 
 year. If the earth's circumference was considered to be 
 twenty-five thousand English statute miles, and the year, 
 the solar year of 305 •242 days, the daily travel wouhrbe a 
 little in excess of sixty-eight English statute miles, or thirty- 
 four English statute miles each twelve hours without any 
 stoppages. Evidently a day's journey of 2 If English statute 
 miles is a more reasonable estimate than 18* English 
 fetr.tute miles, that of Dean Prideaux, and there can appear 
 to be no doubt that Herodotus did not intend that the 
 traveller should rush headlong on his journey, nor lag 
 behind, so 21f English statute miles nearly, being equiva- 
 lent to one hundred and fifty stades, 480 stades are therefore 
 equivalent to 09* English statute miles, the precise cir 
 cumfercnce of the wall of Babylon; and not, 24, 48 or 60 
 
16 
 
 English statute miles, each evidently being an underestimate 
 of the stade of Herodotus. 
 
 The great wall of A'ineveh was in the form of a paralle- 
 logram, each of whose sides, like the gi-eat wall of Babylon,' 
 was one hundred and twenty stades, making a circumference 
 of four hundred and eighty. Jf these four hundred and 
 eighty stades were each of the length of the wheat stade, the 
 one side of the base of the great pyramid of Gyzeh, then 480 
 times 763,;: English feet are again equivuleiit to 36G,6t>6§ 
 English feet, the length of one degree of a circumference 
 of twenty-five thousand English statute miles. 
 
 From the dimensions assig-ned to the wall of Nineveh, 
 u would appear that Xebuchadnezzar, who aided his father 
 to overthrow that old ( ipital of the Assyrian empire, adopted 
 the dimensions of its wall for that of Babylon; but instead 
 of making it in the form of a paralleloga-am, he adopted that 
 of an exact square for the latter city, which made its area 
 =omewhat greater than the former. 
 
 As the ancient Ninevites and the ancient Babylonians 
 ■ both appear to have adopted the wheat stade of the great 
 pyramid of Gyzeh as a measure of length, it is reasonable to 
 conclude that those who migrated from Egypt to remote 
 parts of the earth would have carried with them to their 
 new homes a knowledge of the wheat stade of their great 
 pyramid. It is supposed that those who originally inhabited 
 Mexico came from Egypt, an opinion which appears to be 
 well grounded in consequence of the many striking analo- 
 gies found to exist between the people of these two widely 
 separated countries. It is somewhat remarkable that the 
 faces of iie great pyramid of Cholula in Mexico are like 
 the great pyramid of Gyzeh, constructed in the direction of 
 the four cardinal points, and is supposed to have been 
 erected a short time after the deluge, or about the time of 
 the founding of Xineveh or Babylon. Each side of the 
 base of the great pyramid of Cholula is 1,440 English feet, 
 and therefore exceeds that nf the great pyramid of Gyzeh 
 
* aJte • 
 
 J7 
 
 676', English feet. From the scanty informutioii which 
 I possess in regard to the pyramids of Mexico, I am unable to 
 deduce hut two facts from this great pyramid: (1) It chroni- 
 cles the earth's meridional circumference, and (2) occultlv 
 ineserves a knowledge of the primitive stade of Epy{)t, viz", 
 763 « English feet. That these facts mp- -learly appear,' 
 it may be obsen-ed that when an arc) ■ eparos plans 
 
 for a building or a geographer dehnea'. ._.• world or anv 
 part of it, both are drawn on some definite scale. Let us 
 regard the pyramid of Cholula in the light of a map drawn 
 on some particular scale, such as an inch to a mile, etc., etc. 
 If, as is supposed, the original Mexicans had come from 
 Egypt and were acquainted with the wheat stade of the 
 preat pyramid, would it not he a convenient scale to adopt, 
 say, oi;e-tenth of an inch to the wheat stade of Egypt? As 
 T liave already stated, each side of the base of the great pvra- 
 mid of Cholula is 1,440 English feet, which equals 172,S0(» 
 lonths of inches. Xow, if we suppose that each tenth of an 
 mch IS equivalent to 763.:: English feet, the one side 
 of the great pyramid of Egypt, then 172,800 times 763!^ 
 English feet equals 132,000,000 English feet, or twentv-five 
 thousand English statute miles, being the circumference of 
 the earth as chronicled in the pyramids of Gyzeh and in the 
 Avail of Xineveh and that of T-abylon. We now see that the 
 great pyramid of Cholula in Mexico occultlv presen-es a 
 knoAvledge of the wheat stade of Egypt, and chronicler the 
 eaith's meridioinl circumference. 
 
 If the architect of the great pyran-id of Gyzeh intended 
 to chronicle the primitive opinion that the earth's meridional 
 circumference was twenty-five thousand English statute 
 msles, there appears reason to believe that he would have 
 anticipated the objections which the scepticism of later ages 
 would make to such a conclusion, and would have incorpor- 
 flted that interesting information in a variety of wavs. This 
 Ihe architect of the pyramid has done, as Will hereafter be 
 seen. 
 
18 
 
 The height of the great pyramid of Gyzeh, as we have 
 already seen, is 488,:; English feet, and one side of its base 
 is 763,:; English feet. The prodiu-t of these two numbers 
 is 37h,466;;|, and its square root 611,^ English teet, 
 which is precisely the one-tenth of one-sixtieth of a degree 
 of a circumference of twenty-five thousand English statute 
 miles. 
 
 Within the great wall of Babylon, as we are informed by 
 Jferodotns, there was a square building of two stades on 
 every side, which would give a circumference of eight 
 stades. If the stade referred to by Herodotus wa* the wheat 
 stude of 763,:; English feet, as we have already supposed, 
 then eight times that length equals ♦;,111> English feet, 
 or the one-sixtieth of a degree of a circumference of twenty- 
 iive thousand English statute miles. 
 
 We are also informed by the same authority, that within 
 the precinct of Jupiter Belus in Babylon, there was a solid 
 lower of one stade both in length and breadth, and on this 
 tower was another and another upon that, to the number of 
 eight. If the stade here referred to was the wheat stade of 
 the great pyramid of Gyi..h, and there appear to be strong 
 grounds for supposing it was, then the four sides of the 
 base of this tower equalled 366,C66§ tenths of inches, the 
 sr:me numl>er of English feet as there are in one degree of a 
 circumference of twenty-five thousand English statute miles. 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that, although the wall of 
 Xineveh was a parallelogram and the great wall of Babylon 
 m exact square, yet the circumference of the one was iden- 
 tical to that rtf the other, that is to say— four hundred and 
 eighty stades. The sides of the base of the tower of Babylon 
 precisely equalled those of the . great pyramid of Gvzeh, 
 namely, 7G3|; English feet. If these two cities, Nineveh 
 and Babylon, had incurred the M-rath of Almighty God, it 
 would not appear that it was on account of the ignorance of 
 its people, but rather in consequence of the intellectual 
 l>ride of a set of men who probably because they had taken 
 
v't 
 
 19 
 
 a'- 
 
 • juM * 
 
 
 the iiR-asure of the stars or liad calfulated the courses of the 
 heavenly hodies, ht-canie putted up and ■'uhstituted tlieir 
 own iintliority for that of God, and worshipped themselves 
 ii'stead of the Creator. Their example has heeu followed by 
 the 'scientists of a j-rcnt nation at the end of the seventeenth 
 eentury. 
 
 That the stade of 703,;; Englisli feet would have been 
 adojited in JS'ineveh, Babylon and :\[exico, in fact, by all 
 primitive peoples who had come in contact with those of 
 Egypt is not surprisin-.', as this particular stade was, as will 
 l>e seen, worthy of admiration. It would appear that all 
 ] primitive siades were divided into four hundred cubits, each 
 cubit consir-ting of one hundred and forty-four grains. The 
 wheat cubit of the great pyramid was therefore the l-400th 
 part of 763,^ English feet, or 221^, English inches, 
 The wheat stade of the great jjyramid was therefore of the 
 iength of 400X144, equal to 57,000 wheat grains, each 
 gnin •1.VJ14351,S51S5+ English inch, which, as will be 
 hereafter seen, differs very little, if it can be .said to 
 at all, from the size of wheat at the present day. Thus tliL 
 great pyramid occultly preserves the size of the wheat grain 
 of primitive times, as well as the earth's meridional circum- 
 ference. The following foraiula expresses the number of 
 suchstades: 1l^X12X12X10X10 or, which is the same, 
 12^X10", or in other words, the cube of twelve multiplied 
 by the square of ten=172,S00. Xow, 172,800X703 ^ = 
 3 32,000,000 English feet, or twenty-five thousand English 
 statute miles. Had any person stated to me that the formula 
 J2-'X10= expressed the number of stades of the earth's cir- 
 cumference, no further ev, ience would have been reiiuired 
 to convince me that the great pyramid was, among other 
 things, constructed to chronicle that particular information. 
 Jt may be observed that the cube of twelve (1728) was 
 regarded by ancient philosophers, as a perfect mathematical 
 ruuib' r, allusion to which will be found in the Timscus of 
 Plato (chap. xi). Among the Pythagoreans, the decad (10) 
 
20 
 
 derived from a word n.eaning c-omprehonsion, was regarded 
 as the liiost perfect of all numbers, .-o.nprehe .ding iuitM 
 chfrere.ce of numbers, nil reason, species and prtp r L 
 IB fact, they imagined that if the nature of the universe W 
 
 natu e itself should be termed by the name of ten. Wha 
 l.as be.n said m regard to ten, applies likewise to the s,,' 
 of ten, then 12'X]0---172,8()0. ' 
 
 As the foregoing fonunla n.a.y not convince the reader 
 t i.>t the .rea pyramid of Gyzeh was ..onsfu.-ted to chroni- 
 
 ^ .mong ot^ier things, that the earth's meridional cir. " 
 fc ence was twenty-five thousand English stntute n.iles, T 
 
 nil endeavour to demonstrate that fact in a n.anner to e^n- 
 Mnce the most sceptieah 
 
 I have already stated that each side of the h,.e of the 
 Cd !;'"lt '' ^^^^' ''-''' '''^ English retfol;: 
 Gains' The ' °%'fT''' ^'""""^ ^"^-^ ^-"dr«l -heat 
 
 vhnii f' ' ; ?^ ''^''* ^''''''- ^-^^^ «^^« oi a square 
 
 vhose sides are of the length of the diagonal of the base 
 
 of the great pyramid is equal to double the area of the base 
 
 whe«f '"' KT^' "' -^X3,317,760,000==6,635,520,000 
 
 ' 953 2'so OOn I" "" '' ^'"^ '''-' --« - therefore 
 ^,9o3,2S0 000 wheat grains. We have seen that 144 grain, 
 the wheat cubit of the great pyramid, was the onfw 
 hundredth part of 763. English feet, or 22[^ EngHsh 
 
 rt' %f^ V^^rt^-' "^'^ '^ ^'^^^' '' ''' ^^h-t grains 
 18 to 22-, English inches 90 is 9,963,280,. UU wheat 
 
 grams, the sum of the areas above mentioned to 
 
 ,584,000,000 English inches, 132,000,000 En^il feet, or 
 
 .uenty-five thousand English statute miles, the result of the 
 
 fresaid. '' X^'^X'^'^^=^'^2,000,000 English feet as 
 
 I will now endeavour to show that the three pvramids of 
 Gyzeh chronicle in combination that the earth's meridional 
 circumference is one billion five hundred and eighty-four 
 
21 
 
 "lillion English inches, one hundred and thirtv-tuo million 
 English feet, or twenty-five thousand English ^^tatute miles. 
 
 The Great Pyramid. 
 
 We have seen that each side of the base of the great 
 pyramid is 57,600 wheat grains. The area of the base in 
 wheat grams is therefore the ^(juare of 57,600--3,317 - 
 ^< 60,000 wheat grains. Then, as 144 wheat grains is to 
 -^IJ Jl.i.gb..h inches, so is 3,317, 76u,. On wheat grains 
 the area of the base of the great pyramid, to 528,000,000 
 ii-nghsh mches, 44,000,000 English feet, or to 8,333A 
 English statute miles. 
 
 The Second Pyramid. 
 
 Each side of the base of the second pvramid is 694> 
 English feet, or 8,333^ English inches. It may be remarked 
 that the number of inches, i. e., 8,333^, assigned to one side 
 of the base of this pyramid, is identical to the number of 
 miles represented in wheat grains for the base of the great 
 pyramid. As 1 have already stated, each stade was divided 
 into four hundred cubits, each cubit consisting of 144 grains 
 The water cubit of the second pyramid was therefore 20^ 
 English inches, and the length of this pvramid in water 
 grains was therefore 57,600, i.e., 400X144. As each side 
 of the base of this pyramid is 57,600 water grains, the area 
 of Its base m such grains is therefore the square of 57,600 
 or 3,317,760,000 water grains. Then, as 144 water grains 
 IS to 20^ English inches, so is 3,317,760,000 water grains 
 to 480,000,000 English inches, 40,000,000 English feet, or 
 7,5751;^ English statute miles. 
 
 The Third Pyramid. 
 
 Each side of the base of the third pvramid is 333i Eng- 
 lish feet, or 4,000 English inches. Thi^ pyramid, it must b . 
 
22 
 
 observed, in consequence of its short length, is the half 
 
 l.arle3-eorn strde of 200 cubits, each cuhit .S J^U i3 ,h i 
 
 ov lU barleycorns. The side of the base of tht n 'a dTs 
 
 here^re 200 cubi^ .aeh cubit H4 ,n.i... ,. 2!;>:o t^ 
 
 Fn^l V, .-\^'*^^'^^0- 'ben as H4 I.arlovcnrn.s is tc '>0 
 Lnghsh inches, so ,s 829,440,000 barleycorn to 115 200 000 
 
 i.nghsh statute miles. '"'".t 
 
 ^vh!^, f''l'^"'^ -""f^ '''' '•'" I'alf-barloycorn sta.lc, the 
 ^ h. I. b.r ..y..orn sta.lo wouhl bo double the side of the ba e 
 
 ix^.VMnV-^'"'"""^' '^"d '*^' -- ^"-r times grea r i e 
 
 ■*X1 813,,-<.2,2:^Unglish statute miles. 
 
 m wheat grains represents 8,888',.- English statute miles. 
 
 1 escnts 7 575,,, English statute miles. The area 
 
 8 8.;: 1- ^ ^''"^ P'^-^^^™''^ ■•" l-leycorns represents 
 ,S18,. English statute miles, an.l the area of the 
 I'ase of a square doul,le that of the third pyra. lid in barley- 
 corns represents 7,272- English statu^ miles, maki^ 
 
 IT! !j5"^^;fiy« ^J'«"«and Enghsh statute miles, the 
 earths meridional circumference. 
 
 . It is worthy of note that the area of tl,e base of the gi-eat 
 
 .;ramid in wheat grains represents 8,333^ English statute 
 
 imles being the same number of inches as there are in one 
 
 side of the base of the second pyramid, an.l it is als.> some- 
 
 ^^hat remarkable that if the area of the base of the great 
 
 o7ro /'r ?''^'^ ^'^*^ ""'''' ^'•«'"^' i^ ^-o^^ld represent 
 nj 665 English statute miles, or precisely the same number 
 
 of inches as there are in one side of its base. It is also 
 
 vorthy of being mentioned that the difference between these 
 
 two numbers is 833.^ English statute miles, or twelve decrees 
 
 of a circumference of 2.5,000 English statute miles, and'it is 
 
 somewhat remarkable tnat each side of the base of the great 
 
*a 
 
 23 
 
 pyramid is 708;; English teet, and thut each side of the 
 ba«e ot the sooond pyramid is 694», the ditference be- 
 tween these two numbers is 69^, and if we suppose this 
 number to represent miles, it is precisely the same number 
 of miles as there are in one degree of a circumference of 
 twenty-hve thousand miles. 
 
 M. .Inn.anI, one ..f the .sivnnts ..f the Napoleonic e.vp...li- 
 tion int.. K^Tpt in his work (Uosc-ription .lo I'Egv-pte, vol 5) 
 sfatee that the ancient liabylonians, the ancient Persia.L. 
 the ancent Jew., assig-ned 270,000 stades for the length of 
 tlK^ earth s circumference. X,nv, :>7(),000 times the height 
 ot the great pyramid of Egypt, 488,^ English feet, are 
 precisely 1^2,000,000 English feet, or twentv-five thousand 
 Engh.h statute miles. This fact, however, n^ed not disturb 
 the conclusions already stated. The stade referred to by M 
 Jomard was the height of the great pyramid of Egypt, while 
 the other stade of 763;; English feet was used in primitive 
 times. It will be seen that ancient systems were dual sys- 
 tems, some of which were founded on the earth's semi- 
 meridional circumference, while others were founded on a 
 (luadrant ot the earth's circumference. From these facts it 
 will be seen that the opinion maintained bv Delisle Freret 
 and Gosselin, as remarked by Humboldt in his Cosmos (Vol. 
 1, p. KM), that the excessive differences in the statements 
 regarding the earth's circumference found in the writino-s of 
 the Greeks, are only apparent, and dependent on diffe^rent 
 values lieing attached to the .stadia, was put forward as earlv 
 as 149o by Jaime Ferrer, in a proposition regarding the 
 determination of a 'me of demarkation of the papal do- 
 minions. 
 
 I now propose to show that the square building Avithin 
 the mner wall of Babylon and the tower chronicle in com- 
 bmation the earth's circumference as twentv-five thousand 
 Fnghsh statute miles. 
 
 Each side of the square building of Babvlon was, as we 
 have already seen, 1,527^ English feet, or 18,33-^ Eng- 
 
24 
 
 statute miles. '''■''' ^"•'' '"• ^'''•'''"•T ^n.^lisl. 
 
 The Tower of Babylon. 
 
 ^ As each side of the base of tha tower of Babylon is ore 
 cjsely the same length as the great pyramid of Egvp 'the" 
 aiea of its base in wheat grains is also ;].317,7(10 Oolj wh Lh 
 represents, as wc have already *een 8 331i F "'i 7' " 
 "'-'-• -'-'1' «-n. a.I,h.., to ^,; Sn : ^ ^^^^T 
 n.«m twent^^five thousand English statute miles '•' '"" 
 ref«;f ?r\ ]^f \^t«^«d to ^how that all the buildings 
 
 tZlv vT'' '^' ''''^'' eircumference at twenty^ 
 thousand English statute miles. ^ 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 usK.n MK..«nr. OK v.vH.ors ,o,.^.r„„, oc.Tm.v ckkoxuxe thb AvcrvT 
 
 oriN.OX ,.r THE E.UT„'s MER,„„.V,, crR.XMKERE.VCE 
 
 It was shown in the last chapter that the three pyramids 
 of Gvzeh the great pyramid of Cholula in Mexico, the wall 
 of J meveh as well as the walls and tower of Babylon, chroni- 
 cled the ancient opinion that the earth's meridional circum- 
 forenee was twenty-five thousand English statute miles, "n 
 rhi. chapter I will show that this opinion did prevail, and 
 
I 
 
 25 
 
 that it Is r>ceultlv prr.erved in the land ^meyor's chain, the 
 >.nghsh furlong the Knglish statute aero, a/ well a. in h 
 
 ] near n.^usure. wer. founded on the earth's meridional cir- 
 cumfererce at a r>enod lung before the French government 
 had u,tro.luced xl, n.etric system, a brief uceonnt of uhic 
 system may be necesttary. 
 
 aud t la founded on the supposition that the earth's meri- 
 dio.ml cin-umt...,.,..-.. is l,:.74,,s.'Jl.r,()0 K„«]i,h inc p.-, 
 quadrant o whiH.. i.nu the ...uator to the pole, i. :{!»3,707 - 
 900 En,.hsh ,n,.lH.s. It |,,s bcn-u decn-ed bv the French hn'v 
 
 ^^3; .^;;^-7"'7.'^l-^t of the length- of the ;"!:: 
 
 Jnnch «,.7r., and trom this, by multiplication «rd ,livi.ion 
 the entire system of linear measure has been established. 
 
 b.i • '. 7'^T ^^''''' "^""'"'■^ ^^'^^^'l* «PP^"«rs to have 
 been „.t.odu.^d into many countries of the world, wa. 
 louuded on the supposition that the earth's meridional cir- 
 cM,mtc.vence was twcuty-rive tbou.and Knglish statute mil.-s, 
 m--otT . -;d t^"ty-tvvo million English feet, or on 
 I'llLon five hundred .nd eightyfour million En,.lish inches. 
 
 I nited States of America a land survevors' chain. It i. 
 composed of one hundred links, each link is seven inched 
 .nd mnety-two o.e-hundredths of an inch, the entire length 
 of the Cham is therefore .even hundred and ninety-two En-^- 
 hsh inches or sixty-six English feet. Each link, as well Js 
 the entire length of that chain occultly preserves the kno" 
 ledge ehronu-led in the three pyramid, of Gyzeii, the great 
 pynimid of Cholula in .Alexico, and the walk ank tow:r 0I 
 Labylon that the earth's meridional circumference is 
 
 nT t. r / "'"n- ^'''^^'''' '''''''' ^^^-' «'- hundred 
 and thirty-uvo nulhon English feet, or one billion 
 
 five hurdred and eighty-four million English inches thus — 
 
 -t- 
 
16 
 
 The earth's semi-meridional circiniifiretice is 702,000,000 
 El jrlish iiic'ht'!*. The link of the land -iirvovor"!* chain i^ 7"U2 
 Knglish incliei, or, in otlicr words, it is the one hundred 
 millionth purt of tho earth's semi-meridional circumference. 
 The entire length of the land surveyors' chain ia 79J English 
 iiiehes, it is, therefore, the one-milli(jnth part of the 
 earth's M-mi-meridional eireumferenee. The entire length 
 of the eliain is sixty-six Knglish feet, it is therefore the 
 one-millionth part of (;(;,()()(»,000 Knglish feet, the 
 earth's semi-meridional eireumferenee. The English fur- 
 long, the eighth part of the Knglish statute mile, is (iOO 
 English feet. The u'.rth's semi-meridional cireiimferenee is 
 ♦5(i.0(»(»,000 English feet. Now, the English furlong, 
 of (560 English feet, is the oie Imndred-thousandth part of 
 the earth's semi-meridional eircujnference. The English 
 statute acre contains 4,840 Knglish stjuare yards. The 
 earth's semi-meridional eireumferenee, as Ave have already 
 ?een, is t)t;,O00,000 English feet, or 22,000,000 English 
 yards. Now, the s(jiiare of 22 million English yards is 484 
 trillion s(|nare yards, the one billionth part of which is 4,840 
 square yards, the English statute acre. 
 
 We have now seen that the link of the land surveyors' 
 chain, the entire length of the chain, the Kii^ii h statulo 
 furlong and the English statute acre were each and all 
 founded on the supposition that the earth's meridional cir- 
 cumference was twenty-five thousand English statute miles, 
 and that the said measures were like unto the French imtre, 
 decimal parts of the earth's circumference, and thus all these 
 measures, with the exception of the French mvtre, (tccultly 
 preserve a knowedge of the ancient o|>inion of the earth's 
 meridional circumference as chronicled in the three pyramids 
 of Gyzeh, the great pyramid of Cholula in Mexico, and in 
 tho walls and tower of Babylon. With this knowledge there 
 appears to be no difficulty in ascertaining the lengths of the 
 various stades mentioned by ancient authorities. 
 
 Although Aristotle states that the most ancient measure 
 
27 
 
 of the earth's meridional circunif en nee was that udupted 
 by Ihak'M and Anaximunder -who, it i. m he remem 
 bered, lived in tlie seventh tontiiry before l.'lwist, neverthe- 
 Jeae the . artl's ciic-uiiife.ei.ce hud been .leteri..i.,ed ua early 
 M the cci.tn.ction of ti.e great {vvra.nid ..f EKypt, howeve^, 
 ^\i' Btotle, wJio ., notes ti-u... aiitho.-s .i.o.e a..ci.nt than hin.- 
 wlf, saya that tl.e .urth's circu.iifeience was 4oo.000 stades. 
 We have seen that on the .Mi|.po=*ition that the earth's cir- 
 cumference was 132,000,000 English fed, therefore a quad- 
 rant of Its <-.rcu!..ference is 3a,U(»0,(>0U Kn-lish feet, tl.e 
 one-hundred thousandth part of which is y;50 Enj-li^h feet 
 Aow the number <.f stades mentioned by Aristotle i= 
 400,000, which, being multiplied by :y.iO English feet gives 
 for product 132,000,000 English feet, or twentv-rive thou- 
 sand English statute miles, whi.-h is the earth's meridional 
 circumference as .-hronieled in the three pyramids of Gvzel. 
 the great pyramid of Cholula in Mexico, tl.e wall of Xiileveh' 
 and in the walls and tower of Babylon. 
 
 Megasthenes says that 400,000 expi-esses tl.e nu.ui»er of 
 stades for the cai-th's meridional .•ircumference. The stade 
 of Megasthenes appears to he the same as that me„fio„ed ]>v 
 Aristotle, whereby the earth's meiidional circui.ifen.nce is 
 again 132,000,000 English feet, or twentv-five thousand 
 Ei.gbfth statute miles. 
 
 The Surya Sidd'hanta—according to the rii-ahmins. w.-it- 
 ten thousands of years ago, affirms that the earth is i nOQ 
 yogans in diameter. The yogan, it is said, is e.iual to four 
 cose, and the eoss is equal in length to ten stadcs ^o^.^^- 
 thenes, who visited India in the second or third centurv 
 before Christ, states that the Indian i-oads were divided at 
 intervals of ten stades by columns. It appears that the stade 
 here referred to wa^ the stade of 6GC English feet, the stade 
 the one-hundred thousandth part of the earth's semi-meri- 
 dional <-ircumference. Then ten such stades would equal in 
 length G,600 English feet— the Indian coss, four of which 
 would equal in length i>6.400 Ergli^h feet, which mc-asu.-e 
 
 3 
 
28 
 
 wiis the yogan of the Surya Sidd'hanta. Xow, 1,<!()0 yogans 
 multiplied by 26,400 English feet, would give for product 
 42,240,000 Knglish feet, which, divided by r),2S0, the num- 
 ber of English feet in an English statute miie, gives for 
 quotient 8,000, the number of miles popularly supposed to 
 be the earth's diameter, on the supposition that its meridional 
 circumference was twenty-five thousand English statute 
 miles. 
 
 Another Sanscrit Treatise, %vritten by Arya'bhatta, a 
 Hindu astronomer, who lived, according to Colebro(^ke, from 
 whose paper in "Asiatic Researches" the information is de- 
 rived, some centuries before Christ, affirms that the earth's 
 circumference is ;>,300 yogans. I have r.lready stated that 
 the yogan is equal in length to four coss. The Malwa coss, 
 Colei)rooke states, is 1 -9 British , mile, which being cal- 
 culated is 10,032 English feet. If we suppose that Cole- 
 l.nM.ke roughly stated that the coss was 1-0 Briti-^li mile 
 instead of 1-8930 + or Ijiif British mile, which is not an 
 improbable supposition, then the length of the coss thus de- 
 termined is 10,000 English feet, nud the yogan 40,000 
 English feet. Then 3,300 yogans are equal in length to 
 132,000,000 English feet, or twenty-five thousand English 
 statute miles. 
 
 The ancient Greeks assigned 216,000 stades for the 
 earth's circumference. It is not difficult to perceive from 
 whence they derived this particular stadc. On the supposi- 
 tion that the earth's meridional circumference is 132,000,000 
 English feet, one degree of a ciwumference of 360 degives 
 is equal to 366,666§ English feet, the one sixtieth of a 
 degree, equals 6111|, English feet. The Greeks, there- 
 fore, it would appear, adopted for the length of their stadc, 
 the one-tenth part of one-sixtieth of a degree, e(iual to 61 1 1^ 
 English feet, which appears to be the Olymphic stade, a 
 particular measure, or distance which the sun. as Hesiod 
 
 says : — 
 
 — Walks majestic round the starry frame: 
 And now the lightnings from Olympus flmne. 
 
 " — I 
 
29 
 
 Now. 216,000 nmltiplied hy 611^ p:nglish feet give for 
 product 132,000,000 English feet, or twenty-five thousand 
 English statute miles. 
 
 Jliiving st'c'ii tliat the ancient Babylonians, the aneient 
 Xiuevites, and the ancient .Mexicans, adopted for the length 
 rt' t*.. ir «tade, 763,5 English feet,— the length of one side 
 
 • t the ba>-e oi' t le j.reat j.yraniid, and that the ancient Baby- 
 
 • -ii ,,ns, lh( iiicicnt I'crsiaiis, and the ancient Jews, adopted 
 fr t^e i^iigin of their stade 488^ English feet,— the height 
 
 of tlie great pyramid. It will now be seen that the ancient 
 Arabians adopted for the leiigtii of their stade, 733^ Eng- 
 lisli feet, — the one and one-half the height of the great pjTa- 
 mid; and assigned 180,000 sta<les for the earth's circumfer- 
 ence; which nund)er was adopted by Ptolemy, Marinns of 
 Tyre, and Posidonius. Xow 180,000 times 733^=132,000,- 
 000 English feet, or 25,000 English statute miles. 
 
 Posidonius assigned 180,000 and 240,000 stadcs as the 
 earth's circumference. Although these greatly differ, as 
 regards the number of stades, both refer to the one magni- 
 tu(h>. That which had been determined ages before, and 
 that which the pyramids were constructed to record. The 
 stade, of which 240,000 expresses the earth's circumference, 
 was formed thus: — The earth's circumference was supposed 
 to l)c 144,000,000 Italic feet, and its semi-circumference 
 72,000,000 such feet, which <lividetl by 12=0,000,000, the 
 ten thousandth part of which^ tiOO Italic feet of eleven Eng- 
 lish inches=550 English feet. Xow 240.000 times 550= 
 132,000,000 English feet or 25,000 English statute miles. 
 It may be observed that the ancients adopted the two methods 
 of division, that is, duodecimal and decimal. The con- 
 struction of the stade of 600 Italic feet affords a good exam- 
 ple of the method followed. 
 
 With respect to the measurement of the earth's meridian 
 said to have been made by Eratosthenes, it has to be said 
 that the number ot stades, 694;^, he assigns to a degree, 
 is somewhat remarkable, inasmuch as ft28 stades of 694,j 
 English feet, the one side of the base of the second pyramid 
 
V 
 
 30 
 
 of Gyzeh, would give precisely 30(5,666f English feet, or 
 one degree of the earth's circumference. The stade speci- 
 tied by Eratosthenes seems to have been constructed as fol- 
 lows: — The circumference of the earth, as we have already 
 seen, was supposed to be 132,000,000 English feet, and its 
 <emi-nicridional circumference therefore 66,000,000 English 
 feet. While the English statute furlong was the one-hun- 
 dred thousandth part of the earth's semi-meridional circ :< \- 
 ference, i.e., 660 English feet, which, multiplied by 8, 
 constituted the English statute mile of 5,280 English feet. 
 The stade of Eratosthenes was constructed thus: — The one- 
 millionth part of the earth's semi-meridional circumference, 
 i.e., 66 English feet, which, multiplied by 8, gives for pro- 
 duct 528 English feet, or precisely the one-tenth part of the 
 English statute mile of 5,280 English feet. That 528 Eng- 
 lish feet was the length of the stade used by Eratosthenes 
 is made clear by the fact thnt he gives the distance between 
 Alexandria and the equator 21,700 stades. The latitude of 
 Alexandria is given as 31 degrees 12 minutes, and tlio 
 1-2 1700th of the distance from it to the equator is conse- 
 quently 525 English feet. The probability is that Eratos- 
 thenes reckoned the latitude of Alexandria 31 degrees and 
 a quarter, which seemingly would be a small error for those 
 days, as in no instance cited by Ptolemy, so !M. Arago says, 
 is the time indicated less than a quarter of an hour; in which 
 case 21,700 stades of 528 English feet would be short less 
 than one and one-half .-tade of the exact distance from Alex- 
 andria ard the equator, on the supposition that the length of 
 the degree is 366,666§ English feet,— the l-360th of the 
 circumference of twenty-five thousand English statute miles. 
 Eratosthenes made the distance from Alexandria to Syene 
 7° 12', i.e., 432 minutes, and the measured distance gave 
 5,000 stades, consequently, the circumference of the earth 
 was made equal to 250,000 stades, and the stade, on the 
 assumption that the circumference was reckoned 25,000 
 English statute miles, was as alreadv determined 628 Enelish 
 feet, the one-tenth of the English statute mile. 
 
 1 
 
In Ireland, the old land surveyor's chain, called the plan- 
 tation chain, distinctly points to the fact that an arc of the 
 meridian had been surveyed in that country— at what time, 
 or in what particular age, it is impossible, with any degTeo 
 of certainty, to state; but probably not later than the seventh 
 or eighth century of our era, when Ireland was, according 
 to niany historians, the most enlightened country in Europe. 
 While all other nations whose T^nits of linear measure I have 
 traced, had based their units -ither the quadrant or semi- 
 meridional circumference of me earth, Ireland, it appears, 
 stands alone in having founded its unit of length on the 
 earth's semi-axis of rotation, a method advocated in England 
 by Sir John Herschel, and an argument used by him in 
 recent times against the metric system of France adopted 
 at the end of the ei9;hteenth century. It is possible that had 
 Sir John Herschel known that the link of the land sur- 
 veyor's chain, the English furlong, and the statute 
 acre of England were all based on the earth's semi-meridional 
 circumference, he would not have used the argument re- 
 ferred to. Whether the Irish did, or did not, measure an 
 arc of the meridian is, of course, impossible to say, neverthe- 
 less, it is an evident fact that that people based their unit of 
 nh on dimensions of the earth less erroneous than that of 
 onntry whose units of length I have been able to trace, 
 v^n the supposition that the earth is a perfect sphere, a 
 supposition which seems to have universally prevailed until 
 a recent period, and that its meridional circumference is 
 25,000 English statute miles, it is calculated that the dia- 
 meter of such a sphere is 42,016,940 English feet. The 
 Irish, it would appear, considered the diameter of the earth 
 to be 42,000,000 English feet, and its semi-diameter conse- 
 quently 21,000,000 English feet. Now the ouMnillionth part 
 of the earth's semi-axis of rotation, on this supposition, is 
 precisely twenty-one English feet, tho unit of length adopted 
 by the Irish— called a pole or perch. The table of Irish 
 linear measure says: — Three fopt ono vard. seven vards. C21 
 
' 
 
 1 ! 
 
 ' i 
 
 32 
 
 feet) Cine pole or pcreh, while the Euglish say — Three feet 
 one yard, live and due-half yards ( Kii feet) equals one pole 
 or percli. The English furlunii, as we have seen, is the one- 
 hunih-cd-thousandth part of the earth's semi-meridional cir- 
 ciunferenee (GO.OMO.OOU English feet) i.e., litju English feet, 
 double the length of the stade o. Alegasthenes or of that 
 mentioned oy Aristotle, while the Irish unit of twenty-one 
 English feet is the one-niilliDntb part of the earth's semi- 
 axis of rotation — the diam .'ter, as 1 have already stated, 
 42.000.000 English feet. 'I his opinion appears to be con- 
 firmed by the faet that the link of the Irish land surveyor's 
 chain — called the plantation link, i< 10 -O.^ English inches, 
 and tha+ twi nty-five such links are precisely twenty-one Eng- 
 ]i-;h feet, and that twenty-rive inillion such links are precisely 
 the earth's semi-axis of rotation, estimated, as aforesaid, at 
 21,000,000 English feet. 
 
 If the earth's diameter, on the sui)position of its being 
 42,000,000 English feet be expressed in Irish miles CG,720 
 Englieh ftet to the mile) it is precisely without any fraction 
 over, G,250 such miles, and if a quadrant of the meridian, 
 on the suposition that the earth's meridional circumference 
 is 25,000 English statute miles, be expressed in English 
 statute miles, it is again (•,2r)0 such miles, a somewhat sin- 
 gular coincidence not unworthy of being noticed. 
 
 It is difficult to understand how, with stich glaring evi- 
 dence of the fact, it can be doubted that a knowldege of the 
 earth's form and dimensions was acquired at a very remote 
 age, and yet one of the great astronomical authorities of 
 England did not hesitate to declare in a great work of 
 natioiud importance ( Encyclopiedia Britannica, 8th edition), 
 that it ''would be a waste of time to enquire what were the 
 notions of the figure of the earth entertained by its earliest 
 and most ignorant inhabitants." "What might have been 
 the amount of knowledge possessed by the earliest inhabi- 
 tants of the world of the earth's form and size, could not at 
 this late period of the world's history be known, were it not 
 
as 
 
 srt 
 
 iS 
 
 t . 
 
 for the three pyrainidri ot" Gyzch, tin- great pyramid of (.'lio- 
 luia ill ^Mexico, the- wall of ^'ir.cveli and the walls and tower 
 of Jjabylou. The renowned 'i'honias Aequinas did not hesi- 
 tate to ?ay that the Hisi man was endowcil witii all kinds 
 of knowledge, appears to lie a far mure reasonable doctrine 
 than the teaehing implied in the passage above tiuoted. 
 !Mankii;d did not begin in the savage or ignorant state, as 
 the jiyraniids amply testify but fell into it when they had 
 lost the reniombranee of the 'xUths wliieh tiud taught the 
 first man. The great astronomical authority alluded to has 
 also, in the sf.me work, declared that "it is impossible to 
 form any correct opinion of the degree of approxiiuaijon in 
 regard to ancient measures (of the earth) as the length of 
 the stadium is not known." Had the learned astronomer 
 known that the link of the land surveyor's chain, the Eng- 
 lish furlong ard the English statute acre were founded upon 
 the ancient opinion that the earth's meridional circumfer- 
 ence was twenty -five thousand English statute miles, the 
 two quotations which I have extracted from the eighth 
 edition of the Encyclopu'dia IJritannica (article, Figure of 
 rlie Earth ) would not have ajipeared in that gTcat publica- 
 tion. It is, however, much to be regrt ^ed that modem 
 scientists are not somewhat more candid. When they can- 
 not discover a fact, they should not say "it is impossible" 
 to do so, or to shield themselves, they should not charge 
 the ancient inhabitants of the world with being '"ignorant." 
 "They are not," says Lord Bacon, "satisfied with confessing 
 so much of themselves, but consider everything which has 
 been either unknown or unattcmptcd by themselves or their 
 teachers, as beyond the limits of possibilit;, . and thus, with 
 consummate pride and envy, convert the defects of their 
 own discoveries into a calumny on nature, and a source of 
 despair to every one else." 
 
I : 
 
 'i 
 
 3 
 
 34 
 
 CHAPTEK V. 
 
 O ISKKVATiDNS ON SOME KEMAKKABLK FAITS U>XNK(TK1) WITH TUE UIME>f- 
 SIONS AM) MACiMTlDRS OK IIIE TIIKEE I'YKAMID.s OK (iVZEII. 
 
 From what has been stated in former chapters, there can 
 be 110 doubt that the builders of the pyramids of Gyzeh 
 had by some means ascertained that the earth's meridional 
 c'ireiunference was one hundred and thirty-two million 
 English feet, or one billion five hundred and eighty-four 
 million English inches. 
 
 It would appear that the English foot and the Eniilish 
 inch became recognized measures of length subsequent to, 
 and not previous to the time they had ascertained the earth's 
 circumference. This conclusion is derived from the follow- 
 ing considerations: 
 
 Let it be assumed that in measuring an arc of the meri- 
 dian they had used as a measure some unknown unit of 
 length, which, when stated in lengths of that unknown unit 
 would have given say 131,646,232 as the earth's circum- 
 ference. In this event they would either have lengthened 
 or shortened their unit of length so as to obtain a certain 
 number of million units of length, say 120.000,000, 
 132,000,000 or 144,000,000 units, which appears to have 
 been done, as will be seen from the following. The Eoyal 
 foot, of which we have traces, was a measure of length of 
 13-2 English inches. The esrth's circumference expressed 
 in such feet would be 120,000,000, while in the well-known 
 English foot the earth's circumference would have been 
 stated as 132,000,000 such feet. Expressed in Italic feet of 
 eleven English inches, the circumference of the earth would 
 be stated as 144,000,000 feet, which would be, in the lan- 
 guage of Pliny, ''that harmonical proportion which compels 
 nature to be always consistent with itself." 
 
 In a former chapter we saw that the length of the base of 
 the great pyramid was 763,'5, and its height 488^ Eng- 
 lish feet. If these -dimensions be converted into Eoval feet 
 
33 
 
 II' 
 
 I, 
 
 of 13-2 English inches, whereby the earth's circumference 
 was determined to be 120,000,000 Koyal feet, it is worthy 
 of notice that the dimensions of the great pyramid in such 
 feet are precisely the dimensions of the second pyramid in 
 English feet. From this it would appear that the English 
 foot of 12 English inches as well as the Royal foot of 13-2 
 English inches were recognized measures of length when 
 the pyramids of Gyzeh were constructed. (To avoid mis- 
 conception it should be observed that the 13 and 13-2 Eng- 
 lish inches were each eijual to 12 iut'hes, not 12 English 
 Inches, .but the twelfth part of the particular foot specified.) 
 The magnitude of the great pyramid in cubic Royal 
 inches is 
 
 123456790123;:t, 
 
 and the magnitude of the second pyramid in English 
 inches is, 
 
 1234567901 23::it, 
 
 By changing the vulgar fraction 37-81 into a decimal, each 
 pyramid gives the following: 
 
 123456790123-456790123+ 
 
 These numbers are certainly very remarkable, nevertheless, 
 it may be observed that in consequence of the omission of 
 the figure 8, I imagined there was some error either in mv 
 calculations or in the assigned dimensions of these two pyra- 
 mids, and that the result, to attract greater attention, should 
 have been 
 
 123456789012 
 
 instead of 1234567901231;. The calculated magni- 
 tudes, however, will, I think, be considered even more re- 
 markable than that suggested. It will be obsei-ved that 
 the number of cubic Royal or cubic English inches is a mixed 
 number, which when reduced to a vulgar fraction produce 
 the following marvellous result: 
 
 10000000000000 
 81 
 
1^ 
 
 36 
 
 That we uv.y .v.liz.. ,|„. f„i| s,V„iH..an,.c. uf M.is „„„,].,, 
 let „s suppose that . traveller luul been shipw ' .k ad 
 
 ^^a.hed a»hure Ironi the wreck suth-eient for his niainten 
 aKce for a n.uni.er of vears. After livin, on t li d for" 
 
 Lr vith hi T ';*""'/ "r^' ""^ ^^"''■""^ "^ '•.unnu.nieat^ 
 infe \\itl h,> family after his death in the event th-.f .nv 
 
 rs::il;d;r''""'^""'- ^^--^^heXt Lrs 
 
 could .ir '"'"■' !""^' "'^ "°^ «">' ^-1 ^'^^ -hiel' 1- 
 couia enpia\e on wood or stone? Coulr? li^. „rf i 
 
 number „f „„„os i„ H.c f„ll„„,„g ,l,l^,f '"' ""' ■l^'"^'" " 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o o 
 
 o o o o 
 
 o o o o o • 
 
 o o O O O O ! 
 
 o o o o o o o 
 oooooooo 
 ooooooooo 
 oooooooooo 
 
 m some particular place which would likelv attract the at- 
 
 nd ;::!?/ '"^^"'-^-n--- -ho w-ould visit that isla d 
 and ^^ou^d ntford convincing proof that whosoever so placed 
 
 of stones placed m n-regular order would attract no atten- 
 on. Let i.s further suppose that another number of stones 
 -as placed, near the former, in the following manner: 
 
 o 
 
 o o o 
 
 o o o o o 
 
 o o o o o o o 
 
 o o o o o 
 
 '^ilnTLX"^ T" """^^ "^*"^'^"^^- «"^«^t the attention 
 of any mtelhgent person, who if he had an inquisitive turn 
 
37 
 
 of uiind might count tach lut of stones, llu would of 
 course observe that the first might be counected with num- 
 bers and the second lot composed of twenty-six stones he 
 would naturally connect with the twenIy-^ix letters uf the 
 alphabet, if the 3hii)wrecked traveller placed ditferent 
 heaps of stones, using one stone for the letter A, two stones 
 for the letter li, three stones for the letter C and so on, he 
 could by this nioans write ;i coniniunicution which coiiKl by 
 little reflection be easily read. We can readily understaird 
 that a perwn thus shipwrecked would like to intimate to 
 his wife and family the accident which occurred to him, 
 and to dispel any suspicion that he luid deserted his family. 
 ]le would naturally feel pained at the idea that h;-. family 
 should entertain the impression that he had deserted them 
 in their tender age. In lil-e manner the builders of the 
 pyramids might have had some i)remonition that some of 
 their unworthy descendants would proclaim them to be ig- 
 norant men and women. 
 
 The particular triangle referred to would have excited 
 attention in the same way as would the following figures r 
 
 10000000000000 
 
 81 
 
 and thus convince any thoughtful mind that the builder 
 had some particular designs in view, and, among them, 
 to C(mvince the investigator by these means, that the dimen- 
 sions which would yield such phenomenal results were 
 correct. 
 
 From the dimensions of the great pyramid already men- 
 tioned, it is calculated that its magnitude in ctxbic English 
 inches is: 
 
 164,320,987,6545^, 
 
 and by putting down the above and changing the vulgar 
 fraction into a decimal we have: 
 
 164320987654-320987654320+ 
 
i' 
 
 [t may be observed that the omi^^sion of the agure one in 
 three diflFerent places may engender a suspicion that the 
 obtained result was not intended by the builder of the 
 pyramid, hm when we change the mixed number into a 
 vulgar fraction we have: 
 
 13310000000000 
 81 
 Here we see iinother remarkable result. 
 ^ Now, by placing the magnitudes of the two j.vrdinids 
 in the form of a vulgar fraction, we have for the 
 
 Second pyramid . . . . lOOOOOOOOOOOUO 
 
 Great pyramid 13310000000000 
 
 We see at a glance their relative magnitudes, which are as 
 1 is to 1 -331 or as 1,000 is to 1,331. 
 
 Each side of the base of the third pyramid is 333J Eng- 
 lish feet or 4,000 English inches, and its height 213^ 
 English feet or J,560 English inches. Its magnitude in 
 cubic inches is therefore 
 
 •3653333333^. 
 
 The area of the base of this pyramid in s^piare yards is 
 
 12345-679. 
 
 Although the magnitude of the third pyramid is not ap- 
 parently as remarkable as either the great pyramid or the 
 second pyramid, it wiU presently be shown that it is like- 
 wise worthy of admiration. 
 
 Each side of the base of the great pyramid and of the 
 second pyramid is 400 cubits, and as the height of each 
 pyramid is to one side of its base as the square of four is to 
 the square of five, if follows that a measure of the size of 
 each pyramid would contain 13653333^ cubed cubits, that 
 is to say: the great pyramid would represent 13653333^ 
 
:w 
 
 ■• 
 
 130.>3333i cubed water culite. It mav now 1„. sfatr.,1 in 
 .^•..et to n. ,H,.ion ..read, n^^^^^ 
 
 ""•l.eH ... H...n. .n. ....l.e.l wheat n.l.its in tl>; pn-n, ,...:,,■ 
 o.^j;nhedw.t..r..„bitsi„the.eoondpvran.id^n 
 
 j;a::^l:;H;;^r;::: ''^" ^^^'^" -'-' -^ 
 
 wliPMf ».) ^^'^*^.^** ;^''P«t grains, or a measuro of 
 wluMt uhoH.. nu.Kmt.,,1,. „, cuIh-.I K,,.|ish hu-ho, is 221'. 
 
 44Xi44XU4 water ^ains, or it i. a ,„ea.,r.. of water 
 ^^l.os.. ,ua.,Mt.,<le ,s, i,. ,.n\n.l EngliHh iLcLoH, 20,] X 20.;- 
 X'.iO,i. A barley cubed cubit coiitains 144X144X144 
 barley , nuns or a measure of barley whose magnitude is, ir> 
 cubic JMighsh inches, -'UX-'0X20. 
 
 As each side of the base of the great pyramid and of the 
 second pyramid .s o7,(J00 grains, and as the height of each 
 pynunid .s to Its base as the s^piare of four is to the s.juare 
 ot hve, it follows that a measure of wheat of the si/e of the 
 great pyramid would contain 407086y4880000 wheat jrraina. 
 and that a measure of water of the size of the second pvra 
 mid would contain a like number of water .-rain. 
 
 I thmk it will be admitted that such striking fac >tford 
 sufhcient evidence that correct dimensions have be a as- 
 signed to ..ach one of the three pyramids of Gvzeh. It mav 
 be ol^.rved that I have no measurements i-especting tlfo 
 .;-.^ht oi either the square building or of the tower of 
 Babylon, and I have no definite information respecting the 
 geometrical form of the pyramid of Cholula to warrant me 
 in making any calculations ir respect to it. All that I have 
 learned IS that it is said to be 177 English feet in height 
 and that it is apparently built in steps. 
 
40 
 
 CILU'TKR VI. 
 
 i 
 
 THE TIIKEK l'VR.»MII>.« ItV (IVJiKII iriHoNK IK TIIK HKI.ATIVK WKHIIIIX OK 
 WAI'Ut, WHKAT ANIt BARLKY. 
 
 That tlic worltl's cnrlieHt iiiliubit^nts would have directed 
 their attfution to thi- sul»jeet <»f weights and measures is u 
 supposition which !*curc'eiy r-Hjuires proof. From the consti- 
 tution of human nature ano from the m't-essities of human 
 society a division of hdior was resorted to, from whicii arcse 
 liarter or exchange of one commodity for that of anotlier, 
 hence the necessity of having a system of weights and mea- 
 sures, and it will presently be seen that the system adopted 
 is not unlike that wliii'h prevails in the world at the pn-sent 
 day. 
 
 In a former chapter we saw that the magnitude of the 
 second pyramid in Knglish cubic inches was 
 
 lOOOOOOOO QOOOO 
 81 
 and that the mugnitudeof the greatpyramid in cubic English 
 inches was 
 
 13310000 000000 
 
 81 ^ 
 
 their relative : lagnitudes are therefore as 10<JO is to 
 1331, or ;.T 1 is to 1-331. As a water gi-ain is a cube 
 of water »if the weight of a wheat grain, and as there 
 are, as we have already seen, 4OTt)>i0;54S80000 water gi-ains 
 in the second pyramid .md that tiie great pyramid contains 
 a like number of wheat grains, it i» thus seen that a measure 
 of wheat of the -ize of the great ]>yramid iH|ual< in weight 
 a measure of water of the si/e of the second pyramid. From 
 these facts it follows that 1000 cubic irchos of wuter is 
 equivalent in weight to 1331 cubic inches of wheat. The 
 ratio, therefore, between a given nieasur- of wheat and a 
 like measure of water is as 1 is to 1-3:')1. In England and in 
 Canada it has been enacted by Parliament that a bushel 
 
 
41 
 
 (221,yi!... cnl.i.. Kngli..h in.-h..; of wl.,.«t wigl.. «ixtv 
 I...m.,l«, an.l u lM.^h..| .,t water at a WmiH-nitv^r^ of G2" Kuhr" 
 ai.d the iSarun.etw .landing a. ;{() in.-ln.,, weighs eiuhtv 
 pound.. 1 he ratio thn. established in England and Canad; 
 
 ' 'ir"^ " .'!''' "*" '"''""' "'"^ " ^"^''«1 "^ ^^"t*"- i« a3 1 is to 
 l'.i.5.J + . ihu same faet may he stated thus:-The r..hitive 
 weights uf water and wheat as establi.he.l in Kngia.id an.l 
 C^anada h as 1 ,s to 6()-:-8«».. r,, .-hile the reh.tive weights 
 ut water and wheat established by pyramid standards is as 
 1 18 to 1000-M;5;Jl-..7oi:n4, from whenc-o i, follow-. ..n 
 the supposition that the standard temperature <,f water 
 adop ed in Egypt was i'r>^ Kah,,. ,, i„„,„., „f ^^.^ , j 
 
 weigh 80X. 751.14-- 0(,.H)ol pounds, which differs ".y 
 1. tie if ,t ean be sa.d to differ at all, from th.. weight of 
 wheat at (he present day. It is not to be s„pp„s,.d that all 
 dimates and all soils produce wheat of the same vight an.l 
 It IS a fact that the wheat grown iu the ol.ler Provinces of 
 ( anada is less in weight than that grown in the lately do- 
 ^.dopcd west. Pliny tells us that the wheat of Alexandria 
 in Egypt weighs a third of a pound more than that of Sar- 
 dinia, and It IS therefore not strange that we shouM tind that 
 the weight of wheat ehronieled in the pyramids thousands 
 of years ago should differ to the extent of one-tenth of 
 a pound only for eaeh in.,.rial bushel from that , ow estab- 
 lished by law ,n England and Canada. 
 
 It would appear that the primitive sy..tem of weights and 
 nieasures enters hirgely into existing systems, for we find it 
 enacted by 1 2th Henry VII that the measure ^f a bushel sha 
 
 Hit pounds Troy of wheat. an<l that every pound contain 
 
 ^.^e oun.-es 1 roy weight, and every ounce contain twentv 
 
 sterling (now penny-weight) and every sterling or penny^ 
 
 weight be of the weight of //.V^..-/..^ ,,,„, § ..jJ^^^Z 
 
 grew .nhenycMle of the mr of ,-heat The bu hel refer ed 
 
 was the Winchester bushel of 21.50.42 cubic inche . Zm 
 
 he above enactment there is no difficulty in recognising the 
 
 constitution of the.=e weights and measures. The pound of 
 
42 
 
 7680 wheat grains is the Troy pound of 5760 Troy grains, 
 and 5760 is to 7680 as 1 is to 1-333+, which most likely 
 had its origin in the pyramids represented by 5760 water 
 grains and 7666-36 wheat grains, and 5760 is to 7666-36 as 
 1 is to 1-331. It may be observed that the Troy pound was 
 the origin of the pound sterling. A silver pound was a money 
 pound, and the pound sterling was like the Troy pound 
 divided into twenty shillings, and the shilling into twelve 
 pence and the penny weighed a penny-weight. "When wheat 
 is twelve shillings a quarter," says an ancient statute, Henry 
 III, "then bread of a farthing shall weigh eleven shillings 
 and four pence." 
 
 Having shown that the second pyramid and the great pyra- 
 mid chronicle the relative weights of water av.d wheat, I will 
 now endeavour to show that the third pyramid and the great 
 pyramid chronicle the relative weights of water and barley. 
 
 We have seen that the magnitude of the third pyramid in 
 cubic inches is 13653333333^, Avhich, being reduced to a 
 vulgar fraction having the same denominator as that of the 
 groat pyramid, gives 
 
 ^105920000000 
 
 81 
 We have also seen that the magnitude of the great pyramid 
 in cubic English inches is 
 
 13310000000000 
 
 81 
 A measure of water of the size of the third pyramid= 
 1105920000000 
 81 
 cubic English inches, and a measure of barley the one- 
 eighth of the size of the great pyramid= 
 
 1663750000000 
 81 
 English cubic inches. The ratio between these two magnitudes 
 is as 1 is to 1-604, or in other words, a measure of barley the 
 one-eighth of the size of the great pyramid is equal in weight 
 to a measure of water of the size of the third pyramid. The 
 
43 
 
 relative weights of water and barley as established in Canada 
 IS as 1 as to 48-f-C0==-G. The relative weight, of water and 
 barley as established by the pyramids is as 1 is to llOVjo--- 
 lOG3<o--0047l5. On the .upposition that the temperature 
 of water (distilled) wa. established at the time of the buildino- 
 of the pyramids at 02^ i'ahr., a bushel (221S-l!.'> English 
 cubic inches) of barley would weiah 80 X -664715 = 53-1772 
 pounds avoirdupois. From upwards of 135;]UUO0(X) cubic 
 inches ot barley uhid. c-ame under my own personal observa- 
 tion, and which was measured a,:d weighed, gave for each 
 imperial bushel of 221.-102 English cubic im-lus :..vi;+ 
 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 From what has i>een Mated it is evident that according to 
 pp-amid .tandards, a bushel of water weighs 80 pounds tnnd 
 
 weighs 5.3 ^ .2 pounds, hence the three pyramids of (ivzeli 
 were, among other things, constructed to perpetuate this"i"' 
 t.cular knowledge and serve as credible witnesses to refiitL 
 
 earth' n''? ;'';"'''' '^ "^""••'^"^^ ^^"^'^"^'^ "^-"-^ the 
 earth s earliest inhabitants. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 n-KT„KR oasEHV.TloXs O. s.-ME KEMAKKAB,.;. .An. C..V.VK..K,. unu 
 
 THE l>,MK.V.SIO.VS ,S0 MA.XrrU,,ES OK r.lE TUKEE V.U.J^ 
 
 <>l' OYZEH. 
 
 We have seen that the magnitudes, in English inches of 
 the three pyramids of Gy.eh, stated in vulgaf fractions are: 
 
 The Great Pyramid 13310000000000 
 
 81 
 
 The Second Pvramid. . 10000000000000 
 
 81 
 The Third Pyramid. . 1105920000000 
 
 4 ""■ 81 — 
 
■w-r 
 
 44 
 
 At a glance we sec that their rehitive magnitudes stand out 
 prominently, ar.d are as i;J31 is to 1000 is to 110-:)92. The 
 reader is re(iuested to pay particular attention to the figures 
 which apjicar ahove, viz., i:];n— 1000 — 110-r.!t2. Xow, the 
 magnitude, in English inches, of each pyramid, is: 
 
 The Great Pyramid . . 1(}4320987G54:?',' 
 The Second Pyramid. 123456790123^+ 
 The Third Pyramid . . 13053333333^ 
 
 Xow, dividing the magnitude of the first ur great pyramid 
 by 1331, the second by 1000, and the third pyramid by 
 110-592, we obtain the following remarkable results: 
 
 The Great Pyramid 123450790^-'; 
 
 The Second Pyramid.. .. 123456790 i^; 
 
 The Third Pyramid. . .. 123456790 i",* 
 
 The sum of the four sides of tiie base of each pyramid in 
 English inches is as follows: 
 
 The Great Pyramid 36G663 
 
 The Second Pyramid 33333^ 
 
 The Third Pyramid 16000 
 
 Xow, dividing the sum of the four sides of the base of each 
 pyramid, the first or great pyramid by the cube root of 1331 
 =11; the second pyramid by the cube root of 1000=10, and 
 the third pyramid by the cube root of 110 -592=4 -8, we have 
 for each pyramid as follows: 
 
 The Great Pvramid 3333A 
 
 The Second Pyramid 3333^ 
 
 The Third Pyramid 3333^ 
 
 The reader is requested to keep the figures 3333^ in his mind 
 until another f.^ct be established. 
 
 It has been already sliowr that the number of water grains 
 contained in the second pyramid is 407G8G34880000, and that 
 the number of cubic inches contained in the second pyramid is 
 1234o6790123ili, from which it tbllows that inbo cubic 
 
45 
 
 " 
 
 inches of water contains 330225 -942528 water grains. As the 
 great pyramid and the second pyramid contained the same 
 number of grains, it follows that 1331 cubic inches of wheat 
 would contain the .ame number of wheat grains as there are 
 grains m JOOO cubic inches of water, hence in 1331 cubic 
 inches of wheat there are 330,225 -942528 wheat grains, l^ow 
 the cube root of which number of grains is 6<J-12 Ilavino-' 
 now established fil)-12, and having requested the ' reader t! 
 bear m mind ;J333i, what do these numbers 'nean ' We 
 will see. 
 
 A wheat cubit is 144 grains. 
 
 A cubic wheat cubit is 144X144X144=2985984 grains 
 ^Now, 69,120,000 cubit^9,953,280,000, and 3333* 
 cubic wheat cubits=9,953,280,000 and 9,953,280,000 
 wheat grains in length is equal to 1,584,000,000 English 
 niches, or to twenty-five thousand English statute miles, or 
 the earth s meridional circumference. 
 
 I think it will be admitted tL.t what has been shown are 
 cumus and singular facts, and were no doubt intended bv 
 the architect of the pyramids to attract our attention and thiis 
 lead us on step by step to read the secrets of those wonderful 
 structures; but the most strange of all the curious facts which 
 have conae under my observation, the following appears, to 
 me, to be the most remarkable. 
 
 The height of the great pyramid in wheat grains, as we 
 We seen ma former chapter, is 36864. In calculating the 
 cubic contents of pyramids, the one^third of the height is 
 
 nto thT "'t ".' f ''''* '^ ^^^«^' ^^"^'^'^ ^-".^ ^l^vided 
 3 317 Tro^^o^' ' Y'' ^" ^'^^^^ ^«^°^ (57600X57600)= 
 .- '' 1' ^'''^' ^°'" quotient 270,000. .Vow 270 000 
 times 488,^ English feet, the height of the great p;^ 
 g.ves for product 132,000,000 English feet^r twentrfive' 
 thousand English statute miles. ^ 
 
 132^00o''oOoT'rl". '^'*. ''''' ''''^'' circumference is 
 132,000,000 Enghsh ieeU the axial rotation of the earth each 
 second of time is 1527^ En.lish feet=two sides of the base 
 
ir<' 
 
 4' 
 
 li 
 
 46 
 
 of the great pyramirl. Heuce 86,400 6econds==l day, 86,400 
 tunes two ^ides of the base of the great pyramid==132,000,000 
 English feet, or i^5,0(»U Euglisli sratute niik-s. Again, 
 ^6,400 tinifs the heiglit of the great i)yraniid=4L^L>40,000 
 English foet=S,000 English statute ' miles, the earth's 
 diameter. 
 
 I 
 
 CHAPTER Vlll. 
 
 TJIE earth's niAMETTEK CinjOMCI.EI) I.\ TIIK (iREAT I'YKAMIl) OV tiVZEH. 
 
 The great pyramid of Gyzeh chronicles the earth's dia- 
 meter agreeably to popular opinion at eight thousand English 
 statute miles, as follows: — AVe have already seen that the 
 length of one side of the base of the great pyramid is (9,166J 
 English inches) 57,600 wheat grains. As the height of the 
 great pyramid (5,866^ English inches) is to the base as the 
 S4 lire of four is to the s.piare of five, it follows that the 
 ht .-^ht of the i>yramid in wheat grains is ;J0,s64. Xow, 
 57,600X36,864 divided by 2=10(; 1,683,200, the area in 
 wheat grains of the vertical section of the great pyramid. 
 A square whose sides are equal in length to the diagolial of a 
 sqxiare equal in erea to the vertical section of the pvramid 
 would be double the area of the vertical section of the i)yra- 
 nud, and the sum of these two areas equals 3X1,061,683 200 
 =3,185,049,600 wheat grains. Then as 144 wheat grains 
 are to 22}.} English inches, so are 3,185,049,600 wheat 
 grains to 506,680,000 English inches, 42,240,000 English 
 feet or eight thousand English statute miles, the earth's^dia- 
 meter on the supposition of its circumference being twenty- 
 five thousand English statute miles, and the ratio of 'a 
 dicmeter to its circumference as 1 is to 3-125. or as 8 is to 25 
 T\ hether the ratio of 1 to 3 -125 recorded by the great pyra- 
 mid was meant to define the ratio of a diameter of a circle to 
 
47 
 
 its circumference can only be a subject for conjecture. It id 
 almost the precise ratio of he diameter of a circle to the 
 peruneter of an inscribed polygon of eighteen equal sides, 
 and as the belief i» not entertained that the builders of the 
 pyramids were ignorant men, it is thought that this polygon 
 might be the tigure referred to. It may be observed, how- 
 ever, that vanous opinions were entertained in respect to the 
 ratio of a diameter to its circumference. Ptolemv (Masn 
 Const. 1, 12) states it to be precisely as 1 to ;J, o/as one ii 
 to the square root of «J. The Chinese say that it is as one is 
 to the sciuare root of ten, while Pliny says that the diameter 
 IS always the third part aid a little loss than the seventh of 
 the circumference. Bishop Brinkley, in his Astronoiuv (p. 
 dUJ, says:— " the circumference of the earth-=25,(MlO miles 
 nearly. Hence, the diameter is s..m.'what less than one-third 
 of the circumference=8,000 miles nearly." 
 
 As Bishop Brinkley was not an ignorant man, we need not 
 conclude that the builden, of the pyramids were ignorant 
 men The same latitude should be allowed to the latter as 
 to the former. If the builder of the great pyramid consid- 
 ered that the circumference of the earth was 25,000 English 
 statute miles and its diameter 8,000 English statute mile's, he 
 was much nearer to the truth than Ptolemy would have cal- 
 culated It to be, who would have made it 8,3.33^ Endish 
 statute miles, or about 375 English statute miles "in excess 
 of what It should be, while the builder of the pvramid erred to 
 the extent of about forty-two English statute miles onlv 
 
 - 
 
 I 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 T„. CincrVPKREN-CE OF THE MOOV CRROXICLE,. ,X TITE GREAT PVR.MI,, 
 
 OF r.YZER. 
 
 We have already seen that the vertical height of the great 
 pyramid of Oy.eh is .^.«fifi2 jnglL^h inches or .30,804 wheat 
 grains, and that half of the length of its base is 4,583^ Eng- 
 
48 
 
 lish inches or 28,800 wheat graius. The square of 36,864= 
 1,358,954,496 wheat grains and the square of 28,800= 
 82,944,000 wheat grains ; the sum of these two squares= 
 2,188,394,496, the -(luare root (omitting the decimal part of 
 a grain) of whi('h=46,780 wheat grains — the slant height of 
 the face of the pyramid from the centre of the base to the 
 apex. 
 
 Now, the slant height of the face of the great pyramid, 
 46,780, multiplied by the length of one side of its base, 
 57,600=-2,694,528,000 wheat grains, the area of two faces 
 of the great pyramid. 
 
 As 144 wheat grains is to 2211 English inches so is 
 2,694,528,000 wheat grains, the area of the two faces of the 
 great pyramid to 428,816,666 English inches, 35,734,722 
 English feet, or 6,767-96 English statute miles, the circum- 
 ference of the moon, which, on the * supposition that the 
 architects considered that the ratio of the diameter is to its 
 circumference as 1 is to 3*125, the diameter of the moon, 
 agreeably to this supposition, was supposed to be 2,165*74 
 English statute miles, which is the diameter of the moon as 
 accepted at the present day. 
 
 CHAPTEE X. 
 
 TUB DISTANCE OF THE PLANET MAKS FKOM THE EARTH CHRONKLEI) IN THE 
 OREAT PYRAMID OF (iYZEII. 
 
 We have seen that the three fundamental units of metro- 
 logy were the wheat grain, the water grain ana the barley- 
 corn. Other grains-, no doubt, were used for metrological 
 purposes in other countries, and probably in Egypt, such as 
 the oat grain, but of this I find no traces, although it may be 
 represented by the height of one of the three pyramids of 
 Gyzeh. I have, however, paid no attention to this particular 
 grain, although it is a very important one. 
 
4y 
 
 As wf found in the group of pyramids on Gyzeh hill, good 
 representatives of the three fundamental units above men- 
 tioned, 1 will now point out how skillfully one pyramid was 
 used to swerve ditt'erent purposes. 
 
 It was seen in a former chapter how the base of the great 
 pyramid chronicled in whp'-t grains the earth's circumference, 
 and we have also seen how the vertical section of the pyramid 
 chronicled in wheat grains the earth's diameter. 1 wiU now 
 point out how the same pyramid in barleycorns chronicles the 
 distance of the planet Mars from the earth. 
 
 Each side of the base of the great pyramid, as we have 
 already seen, is 9,166§ English inches, and as was stated in 
 a former chapter that 144 barleycorns=20 English inches. 
 The length of the base of the great pyramid expressed in 
 barleycorns=66,000 precisely. The height of the great pyra- 
 mid, as already stated, is 5,86G§ English inches, or 42,240 
 barleycorns precisely. 
 
 The area of the base of the great pyramid (66,000 X 
 66.000) multiplied by ono-tliird of the height (14.080)= 
 61,332,480,000,000 barleycorns. Then as 144 barley- 
 corns is to 20 English inches so is 61,332,480,000,000 bar- 
 leycorns to 8,518,400,000,000 English inches=709,866,666,- 
 666§ English feet or 134,444,444;! English statute miles, 
 being about the mean distance of the planet Mars from the 
 earth. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 « 4*^ ' 
 
 THB DISTANCK or THE SIN FROM TlIK EARTH CHRONICLED IN THE SECOND 
 
 PYRAMID OK C.YZEFI. 
 
 If, as surmised, the pyramids were erected in antediluvian 
 days, and are those columns mentioned by Josephus, on which 
 were inscribed the discoveries made by the sons of Scth re- 
 lating to the heavens and the earth, it is reasonable to suppose 
 that they would have chronicled in the pyramids the opinion 
 
!•! 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 U 
 
 li 
 
 
 50 
 
 they entertained respecting the distance of the sun from the 
 eartli. But as the opinion prevails at tiie present day tliat the 
 ?un of science has but recently shed its rays to illumine the 
 world, and that in ancient days men were ignorant and bar- 
 barous, it is therefore contended bv those who have sriven 
 but little thought to the subject, that it was beyond the power 
 of man in antediluvian days t(. ascertain the distaicc uf the 
 sun from the ci'rth. While >uch views may flatter the inor- 
 dinate vanity of scientists, so-called, at the present day, 
 nevertheless, 1 maintain that such (.pinions are, like a number 
 of current opinions, based on flimsy grounds. As Adam lived 
 for a ])eriod of nine hundred and thirty years, and as all 
 knowledge comes 'rom experience, the understanding and 
 from the credibility of testimony as contended for by en- 
 lightened philosoi)hers, then the experience of Adam was 
 greater than any so-called scientist of tli^ present day in the 
 proportion of UJ to 1. His understai;ding mu»t have iteen of 
 the highest order, coming immediately, unlike nil other men, 
 from the hands of God, and the testimony he received came 
 directly from the same source. Hence it follow* that Adam 
 above all other human beings, stands as the highest type of 
 man — the standard man whom many may. we hope, equal, 
 but none can surpass. It is unphilosophical to suppose that 
 the human race can, in the order of nature, rise to a higher 
 plane of excellence than that of the source from which it 
 has drawn its existence. Certain modern writers have en- 
 deavoured to create an opinion that the human race has 
 undergone a species of evolution from a low to a high type of 
 humanity. There have been, no doubt, oscillations of the' 
 pendulum from the high mark where Adam stood to the low 
 point of intelligence of those who hold such opinions, but 
 the pendulum is for ever moving, and shifting its level, as the 
 history of this world ha^i sufficiently shown, and it is to be 
 hoped that at some future period the pendulum will cease its 
 oscillations when it has attained the high mark of Adam's 
 understanding. These men who sneeringly speak of the 
 
51 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 earth's •"earliest and must ignorant iiiliabitaute" dislioiior the 
 ( reator in the person of the most excellent and most noble 
 creature in the world, and whom Zoroaster, ;i pagan, more en- 
 lightened than ?ome seieutists of our ago, has designated as 
 the •• principal and mighty work of G.kI and wonder of 
 nature." 
 
 " It is traditionally maintained," says IJabbi De Sola, that 
 Adam was "a great astronomer," an assertion which cannot 
 be applied to any human being for the last hve hundred years 
 with the single solitary excei)tion of Kepler. All others have 
 only obscured and debased their noble science. !t is reason- 
 able to suppose, and g'ood grounds will be shown in support 
 of that supposition, that Adam or some of his immediate 
 descendants, could arrive at a tolerably accurate knowledge 
 of the sun's distance from the earth. It is not contended 
 that Adam could with absolute correctness arrive at that 
 knowledge, nor is it supposed that any scientist of the present 
 day can; i)ut if Adam was unable to overcome all the ditH- 
 culties which confront the investigator in th(> solution of that 
 problem, no astronomer of the present day can expect to do so. 
 It is not long since it was asserted that the distance of the 
 sun from the earth was J) ,-,,000,000 English statute miles, 
 while it is now supposed that its distance is iJ2,S.sr>,OoO Eng- 
 lish statute miles, with a probable error on either side of 
 225,000 miles. This would make the received distance lie 
 somewhere between 92,(100,000 and i»n,nO,000 Ensrlish 
 statute miles. The second pv"-ii*d of Gyzeh chronicles the 
 distance as being 93,090, .^y,Y English statute miles, 
 which distance fits in nicely letween the two extreme esti- 
 mates mentioned. 
 
 The sun's distance from the -arth is chronicled in the 
 second pyramid of Gyzeh thus: — 
 
 We have seen in a former chapter that a btdk of water 
 of the magnitude of the second pvramid would contcin 
 40,768,634,88^000 water grains. We have also seen that 
 144 water grains=l water cubit; then there are in the above 
 
52 
 number of grains 2n3 ii-; non nnn 
 «« "'-a<ly stated is -Jo] K.;dr„?r"'V""^'"^^' ^"^''^ ^'"^'^ 
 
 520,000,000 En,m 4 C'Tthet'" V'^'^-^^^^'- 
 feet m one Knglish statutp n M , . ^ "'■'^ "'-^^0 English 
 
 ;- ^-m the earth as chron ed H. ?"" "^" ^'^^ 
 
 i'jzeh. '^'^^ "> t'»e second pvraniid of 
 
 I have already in t^vr. 
 "on.eotion ,vi,h the d,„,e„r„ 't j "'"' .""^'^'i-g fn.-t< i„ 
 
 y05^20,000,000 
 
 n«,5too; rr'",™ ;"£,°/, ";.^ <««- p.-,,-,,. .v„, 
 
 «I9,'t English «a,u f^trr.H'f "''' '™'' " '•^■'"">.- 
 'k' ™rtl.. I have dra™ «,1 T" "' ""•• '"" ''■<>"> 
 
 for the p„^„,e of .ho-™; ^S" ''7 '"'-^.fag fa,„ 
 
 the three pyramid, of Gvzeh ZTT "■t"™*'? '"''"•'«'" 
 "■" wear obvioua to the rt',,;;'' '^ """^ ^^"-"^ "'hich 
 
 i-.iVtrttr,:^^''^""''''^''-. 'hefo,W. 
 divide the squarp nf fi u 
 
 tioned = 1,584.000,000 a^S \""''''- '"'"'o rae„. 
 thousand English s atute mifj t,"""""!- "' '"^"t.v<ive 
 ^ Multiply ofe aideof the bt 'o tt '""''" "'•'•'■•™'fe'-e„o.. 
 English inches by „„e side of th l^ *■■"" W"'™''' ^' '««S 
 ■»M 8,83SJ, the^proVutif '/s rist "Z '^^°"« W™ 
 "htch, divided by the hei.>ht of ;f ', ^"*"*'' ""■*<>». 
 gives for quotient 14 82 ^' "^''iV"™"'" PJramid 5,883i 
 "'••"■ "'"Oh being multiplied by 
 
i 
 
 53 
 
 110,592 above mentioned = 1,684,000,000 English iiicht'« or 
 twenty-five thousand English statute miles. 
 
 Xfultiply one side of the base of the great pyramid 9,16»;:^ 
 by the length of two sides of the baseOf the third pyramid 
 2X4,000=8,000= 73,333,888i, «livide the product thus ob- 
 tained by twice the height of the third pyramid 2x2,6t50 = 
 5,120, the quotient is 14,82211 which multiplied by 110.592 
 gives for product 1,684,000,000 English inches or twenty- 
 tive thousand Englisli statute miles, the earth's circum- 
 ference. 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 
 A I)K<iREE OK TIIK SIn's ( IR( IMFEHKXt E CHKoNK I,KI> I.N IIIK lUSE uK rilE 
 SECONIi l-VKAMIU OK i.YZKII. 
 
 In the last chapter we ^aw that the contents of the second 
 pyramid chronicled the distance of the . ;irth from the sun. 
 In this chapter it will be shown that the l.ii>e of this pyramid 
 chronicles a degree of the sun's circumference. 
 
 Each side of the base of the second pyramid is, a* we have 
 already seen, 694^ English feet or 8,333j English inches. 
 It is one water stade in length, each stade consisting of four 
 hundred water cubits, and each cubit consisting of 144 grains. 
 The length of each side is therefore 400X144^57,»iOO witer 
 grains, and the area of its base 57,000X57,000=3,317,- 
 7(10,000 water grains. Now, as 144 water grains is to 20f 
 English inches so is 3,317,760,000 water grains to 
 480,000,000 English inches equal to 40,000,000 English 
 feet = 7,575|f English statute miles, being one degree of 
 the sun's circumference on the supposition that the circum- 
 ference of the sun is 2,727,272^ English statute miles. 
 0x1 the supposition that the pyramid builders adopted 3-125 
 
 rfbi 
 
54 
 
 IIS the ratio wliich tlie ifcuinfereiu'c of a cin-I- bf!iirs to it-i 
 diaiiu'ti'i-, it wiij llier.t e tin- opinion ,t' aiu-ifut pfoplen 
 that thv sui»"s .liiunotc r vvuh 872,727. ,",'.,-'. Knglish Htatuto 
 uiilt'!!. From thf for : ."ig we see tliut the ancient iu- 
 hahitant^ <.t" the world ( ^o* lined a tokTubly ut-curatt' knww- 
 h'dge of til.' furni and m/c • t thi' sun. At the besrinninji' of 
 the nineteenth .-entur \ it wan a gonerully accepted 
 • •I'inion that the o on > , u ihe .sun was 88(),(M)() Knglish 
 statute miles, -iiice .1;. c :;i.i;. u ,wever, modern astronomers 
 estimate its diamete' h'^mv itre between SCO.OOO and 
 and S70.000 Knglish •atutt i liles, Tt is not hazardous to 
 eonjeeture that tlie oui ilni .f aneie it. i> -oples in regard to 
 the >un's iliameter ni;i. '■.• adopHni. 
 
 It may be interes .■ . • , o fact that the earth's 
 
 circumfererce. .i.-.-ordiii : to a i .' ■ lion, was 00.120.000 
 wheat cubits, and that • ne d. r ,. the sun was equal to 
 H91.200 water stades .,f 094,; Englirtli teet = one side ot 
 the base of the second pyramid. 
 
 < HAPTER XIII. 
 
 A (HADRANTi.F THE EAH I ll's i ll{( IM KEKIACK CIIIUI.VK I.KD IN TIIK (U'EEX's 
 < riAMIIEK UV TIIK liltKAT IVRAMII) OK (a /Ell. 
 
 As the square i.f the base added to tlie square of the diag- 
 onal of the base of the great pyramid=9,953,2Mi,()00 wheat 
 grains=l,,-,S4,000,000 Knglish niches -1.-52,000,000 English 
 feet=twenty-five thous,and English statute miles, it is there- 
 fore most remarkalde tliat the contents of the Queen's Tham- 
 ber of the great pyramid is 2,48S..'520,O00 wheat grains= 
 396,000,000 English im-hes=.']3,000,000 Knglish feet-=six 
 thousand two hundred and fifty English statute miles, or pre- 
 cisely one-fourth part of the earth's circumference; the whole 
 circumference being, as we have already seen, chronicled 
 
55 
 
 in tlif' Imse ..f the trreat |.vruiiiid. I'liis I'nct sliuuKl for ever 
 Mleijce any npi^.^iition t<. rlie .limciisiuns lu n-iii iis-ijrncl to 
 the k'ligtli (,f th.- l.ii>*e iiiui u, ihe height u( the gi-cjit {.vniiiii.l. 
 Wc have -een that a vcrtit-al section of the pvrami.l chroiiick-s 
 the eai'th"-. th'aiueter. namely, Lijiht thciiwind Kiiglj-l, >iaMite 
 imh'"*. It iria.tcrs not wliat country ..r what U-anied suficfy 
 iiiity hei.-after -.lul fxiH-ilitioiis to ax-ertaiii the h-ngth ..t" the 
 l>a<e or the height of the great |.\nmiitl, i,.. iiit-«Huvr will 
 dare to .-omrovert the internal „v cxi.nial . vid«Muv ..f the 
 truth of the .limeusions herein assign.-^l. V..v thousands .,f 
 years the pyniinids have withstood the van.li.iisni of u honh- 
 of ignonint travellers and e.\|)lorei>, who have vied with i-aej, 
 other in the grotwwiueneas of their inea.surenients and their 
 theories. If stone or granite ef.uld speak, it eotikl tesfifv in 
 respeet to the <legeneracy of .seien<-e. 'J'he age. no .loul.f, is 
 justly pn^ml of its material advatieement ; l.ut a- truth is not 
 a nierehantid.lo commodity, it is thrown t.. the dogs, and what 
 passes iis such is hut the strumpet mentioned l.v Kepler, who 
 supix)rt.s not a mother, but an indolent trihe of rhe.'.rists, 
 whose specnh)tions aio as l.arren of truth as the devil hiniself.' 
 The mean dimensions herein a.^igned to the Queen's (ham- 
 .er are slightly in oxce* of tho^e given l.v Mr. Petrie. a« will 
 he seen hy what follows: — 
 
 Length. Breadth. Height. 
 
 S^''^i' '*"'^'"''' --^•'•- 205-93 '14 -900 
 
 ^'••■P*^^"^ •22Q-^: 2U5-85 214-785 
 
 •15 
 
 •OS 
 
 •121 
 
 The sum of these ditforcnces is slightlv in excels of three- 
 tf-i.ths of an Knglish inch. To estal.lish the mean dimensions 
 of tins chamber, ,A[r. Petrie took one hundnd and cightv- 
 '^.cht measurements, and if we .upposo thut (he above differ- 
 ences are the result of accumulated error. ,n these measure- 
 ments, these errors, then, appear to me to be verv flight 
 Lut we must take into consideration that a portio^ if not 
 
56 
 
 the whole, of these differences is due to errors of coustruc- 
 tiou — erroi";? on the part of mechanics and labourers employed 
 in the construction of the (Queen's Chamber. Let us com- 
 pare the above dilTerences with errors made in constructing a 
 gallon measure of two hundred and thirty-one cubic inches. 
 In England there was a small vessel made by skillful me- 
 chanics under the direct supervision of scientific men employ- 
 ed by the Government. The capacity of this vessel was to 
 have been 231 cubic inches, not upwards of 10,000,000 cubic 
 inches, like the Queen's Chamber. The gallon measure was 
 to be a standard measure of capacity to which all other wine 
 gallon measures in the kingdom had to conform. The gallon 
 measure was made, it was accepted by the Government and 
 reganled as one of the sacred measures of the country, in fact, 
 it ranked as liigii in the estimation of the Government of 
 Engiu-id a8 did the "pyramid inch" aijid "sacred cubit" to 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth. This wine gallon was the standard mea- 
 sure for wines, l)randie6, spirits, strong waters, mead, perry, 
 cider, vinegar, oil and honey, and by its measure the duties 
 of customs and excise were determined. The following are 
 the dimensions (to two ]>laces of decimals) of what the vessel 
 should have l>een and what it was found to be after most 
 careful examination. 
 
 What it should have been .... 4-05 4-05 16-05+ 
 What it was 4. 4. 16. 
 
 Diffe 
 
 rence 
 
 •05 
 
 •05 
 
 •05-f 
 
 Let the reader compare these differences with the differ- 
 ences in the measurements of the Queen's Chamber. It is not 
 five thousand years since that wine gallon was in use in Eng- 
 land. It was in use at a period when the deified Newton 
 flourished. Yet some ^vriters to whom I have already re- 
 ferred, proclaimed that the earliest inhabitants of the world 
 were "most ignorant," and yet these "most ignorant men" 
 eonatructed with htige blocks of granite a room to contain 
 
57 
 
 2.4NS,y2U,000 wheat grains with U'ss error, comparativelv, 
 than the skilled artisan:- of England under scientitic supervi- 
 sion. 
 
 Mr. I'etrie informs us that the east and west walls of the 
 Queen's C'haniher have a uniform tilt inwards, "Jf we 
 allow," says he, " l-i' for tiiis on an average, the mean from 
 a straight line inclined that amount is -057 on E. wall and 
 •02:) on W. wall, a remarkably small error." Mr. Petrie 
 remarks that "the general Hoor is hopelessly irregular, con- 
 sisting plainly of rough core masonry." These irregularities 
 might occasion an excusable error on the part of Mr. Petrie. 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth, speaking of measurements in the Queen's 
 Chamber, says that on account of the salt-incrusted stone it 
 is not susceptible "to anything like the close accuracy which 
 is found with the clear and hard gi-anite surfaces of the 
 King's Chamber." Had Mr. Petrie measured the Queen's 
 Chamber a second or third time, he might, on each occasion, 
 arrive at different results. Mr. Piazzi Smyth for instance, 
 measured the length of the south side of the King's Chamber, 
 near the floor level, on the 11th March, 1865 and found it 
 to be 412-6 ; 1 is second measure, on the same day, gave 
 412-58. Si.x days afterwards, he measured it twice ; his first 
 measure gave 412-5, his secoi; 1 412-7. Here, on one dimen- 
 sion alone, we rind a difference of two-tenths of an English 
 inch. At the floor level of the Queen's Chamber, Mr. Petrie 
 gives for the length of the wall 227-47, while three measures 
 gave as a mean length of the floor 227-5. Here is a differ- 
 ence of -03 English inch; but how Mr. Petrie dealt with this 
 slight difference I am tmable to conjecture. It is scarcely 
 necessary to say anything further, but it may be incidentally 
 ro>niarked that for tipwards of five thousand years visitoi-s 
 have entered the Queen's Chamber with lighted torches, the 
 smoke from which would incorporate itself with dust, etc., 
 on the walls. In addition to this fact those iralls exude a kind 
 of salt, which incrusts them. Had Mr. Petrie directed some 
 person to wash and scrape the walls, the possibility is that it 
 
 
58 
 ^vould be now unnecessary to make these slight additions to 
 
 his measurements. _ qoa.ro 
 
 Converting the assumed dimensions, namelj 22b b- 
 205 U3-2lf -906 English inches into wheat grams, we have 
 
 "^'11^7424. Breadth, 1,21)4. Height, 1,..30.3981+^ 
 Now 1424X1294X1530-3981+=2,48«,320,000 whea 
 JIL which, if strung together would equal the length of 
 £ tt; Jand wo hundred and fifty English statute mdes, or 
 precewT quadrant of the earth's circumference, as already 
 Tted We have now seen the remarkable relationship 
 Sexists between the Queen's Chamber and the base o 
 he grelt pyramid, a. well as with the earth's dimensions, and 
 hel'ladonships establish the conviction that the architect 
 o tl e pvramid intended to chronicle this particular intorma- 
 L as well as some others which w^l be -en in the nex 
 chapter It mav be observed that the magnitude of the 
 S Chamber is to the cube of the base of the grea 
 pyramid as 1 is to 76,800. or as the weight of one gram of 
 wheat is to ten pound. Troy of wheat as estabhsl^ied b,^ 
 t:rL statutes-32 grains of wheat ' ^ dried in the ear 
 =1 penny-weight, 20 penn: -weights=l ounce, 12 ounces 
 =1 pound, 10 pounds=T6,800 grains of wheat. 
 
 ( HAPTER XIV. 
 
 XUK DIAM^EK OP THE E,.KT„V S.TK.X,TK CHKON.C.Kn IN THE QrEEN . 
 CHAMBER OK THE <iH«AT I'YRAMI.) OF (iYZEH. 
 
 The Queen's Chamber of the great pyramid is one of the 
 most remarkable rr.oms in that huge stnicture. Here we 
 find evidence of the ingenuity of the architect by the manner 
 in which he chronicles v.st distances rangir.g from the 
 naoon's diameter to the distance of some of the remote planets 
 
59 
 
 .„ 
 
 from our earth, I regret that the information which I possess 
 in respect to this chamber is by no means all that I require, 
 and in addition to this fact, Mr. Piazzi Smyth states that the 
 height of the niche is uncertain, on account of the roughness 
 of the floor by two or three inches. The reader will not 
 expect that I can enter into any minute details. I will, 
 however, point out how skillfully this chamber chronicles the 
 moon's diameter. It may be observed that tlie obtained result 
 comee verv near to the actual fact. 
 
 In a former chapter we j>aw that the whole chamber 
 chronicled a quadrant of the eaith's circumference; but in 
 order that it should chronicle a number of facts the architect 
 ingeniously cut into the east wall of the chamber a niche, 
 the general form of which, according to Mr. W. M, Flinders 
 Petrie, was a recess 41 inches back, 62 inches wide at base, 
 and diminishing its width by four successive overlapping? of 
 the sides (at each wall course) until at 156 high it was 
 only 20 inches. It is to be observed that the present depth of 
 the niche, according to Mr. Potrie's measurements, range 
 from 40-72 to 41-32 inches, but Mr. Petrie remarks that "its 
 original depth was certainly only 41 inches at every part 
 from the bottom upwards." It would appear that parts of the 
 stone have broken off. I have, therefore, adopted 41 
 inches for the depth instead of those in excess of that. 
 
 The following, according to ^Ir. Petrie, are the dimensions 
 of the niche: — 
 
 Height. 
 
 Width. 
 
 Depth. 
 
 67-14 . . 
 
 . . 61-74 . 
 
 . . . 41 
 
 31-79 .. 
 
 . . 52-74 . 
 
 . .. 41 
 
 28-23 .. 
 
 .. 41-83 . 
 
 . .. 41 
 
 28-94 .. 
 
 . . 30-43 . 
 
 . .. 41 
 
 29-70 .. 
 
 .. 20-30 . 
 
 ... 40-72 
 
60 
 
 Converting these 
 have : 
 
 Height. 
 
 measuren) 
 \Yi. 
 
 into wheat grains, we 
 Depth. 
 
 422 
 
 
 3b. 
 
 .... 257 
 
 199 
 
 
 331 
 
 257 
 
 177 
 
 
 . 262 
 
 257 
 
 182 
 
 
 . 192 
 
 .... 257 
 
 174 
 
 
 . 127 
 
 255 
 
 The following are the number of grains contained in each 
 part of the niche from the base upwards. 
 
 41,911,698 
 16,928,333 
 11,918,118 i 
 
 8,980,008 
 
 5,634,990 
 
 85,373,747 
 
 As 144 wheat grains is to 22 fi English inches so is 
 85,373,747 w^heat grains, the total number contained in the 
 niche, to 214-43 English statute miles. 
 
 We saw, in a former chapter, that 'lie area of the base of 
 the Queen's Chamber in wheat grains is 1,842,756, which 
 being multiplied by 422 — the height in grains of the first 
 part of the nicho,=777,643,032 wheat grains. As 144 
 wheat grains is to 22|.V English inches so is 777,- 
 043,032 wheat grains=l,953-23 English statute miles. 
 Now, the floor of the chamber to the height of the first part 
 of the niche=l,953-23, which, added to the contents of the 
 niche, 214-43=2,107 -66 English statute miles, the diameter 
 of the earth's satellite, and diffevb 1-92 mile only, from the 
 diameter of the moon as deduced from the two faces of the 
 great pyramid. 
 
61 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 THE «BMI-tIR«LMFKRENCK OK THE IM.ANET VKIHTH CIJRONICI.ED IN THE 
 kino's (HAMMER OK TUB GREAT PYRAMID OF OYZEH. 
 
 We have seen that the Queen's Chamber of the great pyra- 
 mid chronicled the fourth part or a quadrant of the earth'3 
 circumference. I will now endeavour to show that the King's 
 Chamber chronicles the semi-circumference of the planet 
 Venus. 
 
 The following are the dimensions of the King's Chamber, 
 according to the measurements of Mr. Piazzi Smyth and of 
 Mr. W. M, Flinders Petrie : — 
 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth . . 
 Mr. W. M. F. Petrie 
 
 Length. 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 Height. 
 
 412-54 
 
 20G-30 
 
 230-70 
 
 412-25 
 
 206-13 
 
 230-24 
 
 Difference . 
 
 -29 
 
 -46 
 
 The following are the dimensions according to Mr. Piazzi 
 Smyth and those assigned herein: 
 
 Length. 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 Height. 
 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth .. 412-54 
 
 206-30 
 
 230-70 
 
 Assigned herein.. .. 412*50 
 
 206-25 
 
 230-599+ 
 
 Difference "04 
 
 -05 
 
 -101 
 
 1 The reador will noti-e that the dimensions herein ; igned 
 
 to the King's Chamber fit neatly between those assig. ed by 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth and Mr. "W. M. Flinders Petrie. Convert- 
 ing the dimensions herein assigned into wheat grains we have 
 for the length 2,592, breadth 1,296, and 1,449 for the height. 
 ISTow, 2,592X1,296X1,499=4,867,527,168 wheat grains. 
 Then as 144 wheat grains is to 22\\ English inches, so is 
 
62 
 
 4 867,527,168 wheat grains to 774,036,846 English inches 
 =64,553,070 English feet=-12,225 English statute miles, 
 33 802 272 wheat cubits, the seuii-circumfcience of the 
 planet Venus. Hereafter, the King's Chamber should be 
 designated as the Chamber of the Planet Venus. 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 SOME I.INKAR MEASIRES 0« II.TI.Y PRESERVE THE ANCIENT ...-IMON REM^T- 
 
 ING THE RELATIVE WKKiHTS OF WATER, WHEAT AM. BARLEY, 
 
 A8 ALSO THE DIMENSIONS OK THE EARTH CHROSICLED 
 
 IN THE rv RAM IDS. 
 
 As certain measures of length occultly- preserve the knowl- 
 edge of the dimension, of the earth chronicled in the three 
 p/ramids of Gvzeh, the wall of Nineveh, the walls and tower 
 of Babylon, and the great pyramid of Cholula m Mexico, i 
 propose to show that certain other measures of length occultly 
 preserve the knowledge chronicled in the three pyramids of 
 Gyzeh respecting the relative weights of water, wheat and 
 barley as well as the dimensions of the earth. 
 
 The measures of length which I select for this purpose 
 are the Russian foot of 13-75 English inches, thelnnspruck 
 foot of 12-5 English inches, and the English foot of 1^ 
 English inches. The following are the number of English 
 cubic inches in each cubic foot : 
 
 Russian foot 2,599-609375 
 
 Innspruck foot 1,953-125 
 
 English foot 1>'^28 
 
 Their relative magnitudes are therefore as 1-331 is to 1 is to 
 •884736 Such being the case, the fact is elicited that a 
 measure of wheat of the bulk of the cubed Russian foot is 
 equal in weight to a measure of water the bulk of the cubed 
 
03 
 
 limspruck foot, and tluu si Jiioa^ure of water of the capacity 
 of the cubed English foot is (Miual in weight to a measure of 
 barley the size of the cubed Russian foot, and a measure of 
 barley the size of the cubed Innspruck foot is tht woight of 
 a measure of wheat of the capacity of the cubed English foot. 
 The relationship of these three measures may be described 
 
 otherwise. 
 
 We have seen that 144 wheat grains^ ti21i English 
 inches, 144 water grains=20« English inches, au.l that 144 
 barley graius--20 English inches. Hence the Russian foot --t 
 13-75 English inches=sc.-4 wheat grains. The length of the 
 Innspruck foot, 12-5 English inclics-=8C. -4 water grains, and 
 the length of the English foot, 12 English inches=86 -4 bar- 
 ley grains. Erom which it follows that the cubed Russian 
 footVould contain 044,'.»72-544 wheat grains, the cubed 
 Innspruck foot would contain the same number of water 
 grains, and that the cubed English foot would contain a like 
 number of barley grains. 
 
 From a consideration of these three measures of length we 
 see that thev occultlv chronicle in combination the relative 
 weights of water, wheat and barley, and are precisely those 
 chronicled in the three pyramids of Gyzeh. Water 1, wheat 
 •Y51314, barlev -664715, wheat 1, barley -884736. 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that the length of one side of 
 the base of the great pyramid of Gyzeh, if stated in Russian 
 feet, is 666§ such feet, the length of the second pyramid, if 
 stated in Innspruck feet, is 666f such feet, and that two sides 
 of the base of the third pyramid in English feet is 666f 
 
 such feet. . 
 
 We have seen that the Russian foot of 13-75 English inches 
 equals the length of 80-4 wheat grains, that the Innspruck 
 foot of 12-5 English inches equals the length 86-4 water 
 grains, and that the length of the English foot equals 86-4 
 barley grains, ^'ow, 1,000 such feet equals 86,400 grains. 
 Then 86,400 times 36,864 wheat grains, the height of the 
 great pvramid of Gvzeh=3,l 85,049 -600 wheat grains— 
 
64 
 
 8,000 English statute miles, the earth's diameter. Again, 
 86,400 times 115200, the number of wheat grains in two 
 sides of the base of the great pyramid of CTyzeh=D,953,- 
 280,000 wheat grains=25,000 miles, the earth's circumfer- 
 ence. 
 
 The Russian foot of the length of 13-75 English inche3= 
 95-04 water grains; 1,000 such feet=95,040. \ow, 95,0-10 
 times 30,864 water grains, the height of the second pyramid 
 of <}yzeh= 3,503,554,560 water grains=8,000 English 
 statute miles, the earth's diameter. Again, 95,040 times 
 115,200, the number of water grains in two sides of the base 
 of the second pyramid=10,948,608,000 water grains== 
 25,000 English statute miles, the earth's circumference. 
 
 The Russian foot of 13-75 English inches C(|uals in length 
 9'J barley grains, 1,000 such feet=99,000 barley grains. Now, 
 99,000 time? 36,804 being double the l^eight of the third 
 pyramid=3,649,536,000 barley grain8=8,000 English 
 statute miles, the earth's diameter. Again, 99,000 times 
 115,200 being the number of barley grains in four sides of 
 the base of the third pyramid=l 1,404,800,000 barley grains 
 =25,000 English statute miles, the earth's circumference. 
 
 The "Royal foot" of 13 -i English inches, erroneously 
 supposed by some Astronomers at the present day to have 
 been founded on the length of some ''King's foot," was 
 founded on the supposition that the earth's circiimference 
 was 120,000,000 Royal feet of 13-2 English inches=132,- 
 000,000 English feet. This foot is the origin of the Royal 
 yard of 39-6 English inches, which yard is erroneously sup- 
 posed by great astronomers to have been the length of some 
 "King's Arm." A cubic Royal yard=62099-136 cubic 
 English inches, which number of cubic inches of water weighs 
 2240 pounds, and is the origin of the gr. 83 ton. 
 
 Among other measures of length, the Chinese boon of 
 •144 English inch merits special attention. The origin of this 
 particular measure ^vould remain in profound obscurity were 
 it not for the pyramids of Gyzeh. It was seen that 144 water 
 
65 
 
 ' A. i 
 
 grams of the secoud pyramid eciuals in length 20g English 
 inches, one ^n-ain is therefore the length of •144GT54-English 
 inch, and is therefore -000675+ English inch in excess of 
 the Chinese hoon. It can scarcely be doubted that with a 
 little trininiing, this measure of length was derived from a 
 cube of water of the weight of a grain of wheat, and this 
 opinion appears to be cuntirmed by the fact that 11,000,000,- 
 OOOX-144 English inch -l,r.«4,00(>,000 English inches, o'r 
 2o,000 English ^tatute luili-s. Jlow comes it that 11 OOO - 
 000,000X-144 l,n.S4,«)00,000 English inches or l'.-,.000 
 English statute miles i h it purely accidental that such a 
 round number of h(,ors should precisely express a cinM.mfer- 
 ence of 25,000 English statute miles? Is it purolv acci- 
 dental that 10,000,000 metres express a quadrant 'of the 
 earth's circumference such as that circumference was sup- 
 posed to be by the French academicians? 
 
 The length of a water grain is to the length of a wheat 
 grain as the cube root of 1 is to the cube root of 1 -.'{Ol-^l -1. 
 The length of the wheat grain fvo„i which the Chinese lionn 
 appears to have been derived is -144X1 -1=^ •15S4. Sow, 
 10,000,000,000 such wheat grains=l,584,000,000 English 
 inches or 25,000 English statute miles. It appears there- 
 fore, evident that the Chinese hoon ocultlv preserves the 
 opinion entertained by the Chinese that the earth's circum- 
 ference was 25,000 English statute miles, and that the length 
 of the hoon was designed in reference to that circumference 
 It IS worthy of note that a double cubit measure was found 
 while pulling down an ancient temple at Karnac in Egypt 
 Ihe length of this cubit, according to Mr. Piazzi Smyth, is 
 i'0-7 English inches. It is possible that the length of that 
 cubit IS not stated precisely; but it is a remarkable fact that 
 a cubit measure of 144 grains of the length of the Chinese 
 hoon=20-736 English inches, and that the cubit of the 
 second pyramid is 20-833-f or precisely 20^ English inches. 
 Ihese slight differences in the lengths of the cubits can be 
 accounted for if we suppose that the water used was of 
 
66 
 
 different density and temperature, or that the wheat used 
 differed in weight, a» it does in each country and at different 
 times. 
 
 CHAPTEK XVII. 
 
 THE COKKKH IN 
 
 IK KING A ( tIAMHKK <IK TIIK fUlKAT I'YHAMIK. 
 
 The coffer in the King's chanilier of the great pyramid is 
 a .stone box. Some thought it wa.s intended for the last rest- 
 ing place of a defunct King of Kgypt while others iumgined 
 that it was intended for the remains of a sacred bull. Certain 
 facts appeared to bear out the latter opinion. M. Belzoni 
 who measured a coffer of the same kind in the second pyramid 
 found in it some bones mixed with gravel, which on being 
 sent to London was afterwards found to be friigments of the 
 bovine species. Fortunately this fact does not appejM- to have 
 come to the knowledge of Mr. Darwin who, no doubt, would 
 have startled the world with the theory that the ancient 
 Kings of Egypt were bulls from which John Bull and the 
 whole human race had descended. Mr. Piazzi Smyth, Astro- 
 nomer Royal for Scotland, author of "Our Inheritance in 
 the Great Pyramid," triumphantly proclaimed that the box 
 in question was a "prophetic corn-measure," a sacred meas- 
 ure of capacity — the original of the British Quarter Measure. 
 Here are his proofs: — The capacity of the coffer or box is, 
 according to him, 71,214 cubic English inches and the 
 modem four quarter measure of England is 70,982-144 cubic 
 English inches! "Whence" he asks "is the degree of agree- 
 ment" between them? Unfortunately, I see no agreement 
 between them. "Where is it? The difference l)etween these 
 two measures is over 231 cubic English inches or the capa- 
 city of the old wine gallon of England or the wine gallon of 
 the United States of America. Mr. W. M. Flinders Petrie 
 who measured the stone box states that its cubic capacity is 
 
67 
 
 *r 
 
 72,0;{(» cuhic En^'li-li incho-. 'J'li«>sc fm-is knock tlw l«>ttuiii 
 out of Air. INjizzi Smyth's "prophetic (••irn-nieiisurf" s<» fur 
 as ita upreeiiioiit with thp modern four ipiiirfor mtn-nii' i.f 
 England i-. cniicfrncd. 
 
 I propose to •'how that the stone box in the King's* chaniher 
 was a standard nteastiro of capacity fMptal to six cubed culiit- 
 of wheat---144X144X144Xr. r7,!tl.-.,lt04 wheat grain8= 
 22{.V X 221.1 X 2'2\\ ^ 6 = T2,tiU\'r» cubic English inches. 
 
 Aceordinp to ^fr. W. if. Flirderg Tetrif'. the dimensions 
 of the stone box I're ~s-{)t', |,,iiir. •j«)-Sl broad and "1-42 Eng- 
 lish inches high. The di-pth of the bo.x. according to ^[v. 
 Howard Vyse is .';4-.') or -(is English indi in excels of Mr. 
 Petrie. Accepting the length and breadth as given by ilr. 
 Pctrie, and the depth as given by Air. Howard Vyse, we 
 have the following dimensions: — 
 
 Length. Breadth. Depth. 
 
 7s-0ti 20 -81 34-5 
 
 =72,201 -^d-fciibic English inches. The ditft-rence between 
 the obtained result and that wliicdi I hi've assigned for the 
 contents of the box i- less than 10 cubic inches, whitdi is 
 coiisidf raldy less than a half a pint. 
 
 This degree of agreement ii[ipears to be sufficient to estab- 
 blish the following conclusions: — 
 
 1. That the length of the whe;it (•id)it of the greiU 
 
 pyramid is ■22\\ Engli-h inches. 
 
 2. That the box was designed to contain six cubed 
 
 cubits of wheat and 
 
 3. That it has no relation whatever to the moilcrn 
 
 Imperial bushel of England as contended for 
 by Mr. Piazzi Smyth. 
 
 In regard to the wheat cubit (22fi English inches) o^ 
 the great pyramid it may be ol)served that Mr. '*'. M. Elind- 
 ers Petrie (Pyramids and Temjdes of Gyzeh) adopts 20M;:]:i 
 =t 004 and Mr. Piazzi Smyth 25-025 English inches. I pro- 
 
68 
 
 pose tosliuw on their own tostlnionv tluit tlio King's ( •luimher 
 ohroniclas, in a nicwt nnnii=*takul.le miuinor, the wh«>,it euhit 
 of 221 1 English inchen. Mr. W. M. Flinders Petrie Htaten 
 that "th.. l,a*e of the Kinir's Chamhor wa. the part riHNteare- 
 tiilly adjusted and set out; and henoo the original value of 
 tiie cubit used can be most accurately recovered from that 
 part. The four .siden there yield a mean value of :iO,oy:>:fc-004 
 and this is rertainly the bc^t dt-termination of tho cubit that 
 we can hope for from the f-reat i)yramid." 1 concur with 
 Mr. Petne in tho opinion that the cubit can be most accurate- 
 ly recovered from the King's fhamber, but that cubit is 
 not the cubit of 20-63j±:-004, but the cubit ot 22i.J Eng- 
 lish inches, the l-4U0th of the base of the great pyramid. Air. 
 Petrie states (Pyramids and Temples uf Gvzeh, p. 91), that 
 "the actual dimension, of tho King'. Chamber is, .outh side 
 t ■ .V . ■^'*^^' '*1-'^ English inches = 18 cubits of 22U 
 i-nghsh inches precisely. For the brcadtli of the ea*t -ide 
 he says 206-4 and for the west side 200-1, the mean is 206-25, 
 Aow 206-25 English inches = 9 cubits of 22 M English 
 im-hcs precisely. Mr. Pia/zi Smyth (Our Inheritance in the 
 Great Pyramid, p. 175) states that on the 11th March, 1S65, 
 he measured the north ^ide of the King's Chamber twice, 
 his first measure gave 412-5 and his second measure 412-5, 
 Here we have again 18 cubits of 22|A English inches' 
 On the same day he measured the south .<ide near the floor 
 level and fouad 412-5 or again 18 cubits of 221^ Eng- 
 lish inches. He also measured the breadth of the King's 
 Chamber near the east end, his second measure gave 206-2, 
 and near the west end 206-3; the mean is 206-5, or 9 cubits 
 of 2211 English inches. 
 
 From the foregoing it would appear that the architect who 
 planned the great pyramid and the workmen who were en- 
 gaged in its construction used a measure of 22H Eng- 
 lish inches. It may be obsei-ved that Mr. Piazzi Smyth 
 measured the height of the north-west angle of the King's 
 Chamber and found it to be 229-2 English inches. As 10 
 
 
69 
 
 eubit»^-220-166+, it i.-* ix^sible tliiit h;..| Mr. Piiizzi iSrnyth 
 lueadurt'd i» the second time with n im-n-ure divided into 
 twelftliH of uu'hi'S, hi* would have stated it- len^th a^ ix-ing 
 229,-'._, inches ; but an he usuil u incnsuro divided iiit-> tenths, 
 he utttted the hei>rht an being 229,',,, I huve, however, 
 s'hown that the Kin^-^s C'hand»er chronii les tiie wheat i-ubit 
 of 22 1 i Kujulisih inches. 
 
 CIIAPTi K .Will. 
 
 (•(i\t 1 I >liiN. 
 
 t^ 
 
 It aitj^ears nuudfest that \\eiglits and iiiea-uii- of the pre- 
 ."ent day were founii. d uri .-tandards derived ti 'ni the -iip- 
 position that the eanli w.- a <rK)be 2.".0'Kt Eni-li-h <t:!Tute 
 miles in circumfeieiicc. Ii )lii-,l -<,. a -latt of civilization 
 is inferred amongst the iiaiion- , ho pi upled rlic world at this 
 remote date not inferior if i it sii[)-. n<!' to ihe civilization 
 that now reigns. 
 
 As further evidence illustrative of the sikill and scientific 
 knowledge possessed bv the founders of the ovranuds. ir may 
 be remarked that the base of the great pyranud is a inrc'isp. 
 square — that its stonework was probably the finest nia<c / 
 ever constructed, the joints of it being so thin as to be le 
 cording to Herodotus, invisible, and according to Cor..i.-' 
 Vyse's account, who discovered some of the casing siovi - v. 
 situ, of the thicknrss of a sheet of /issue paper, and that t'. ■ 
 pyramids are placed at right angles to the meridian and thei. 
 faces precisely opposed to the cardinal points. A |>osition 
 generally adopted for places of worship. 
 
 If the sceptical are still unconvinced — if it be that tliere 
 are readers who cling to the belief that science is the offspring 
 of modem civilization — that the notion entertained by ancient 
 peoples of the earth's form was that it was a plain rooted in 
 space and bounded by hills on which the heavens rest — that 
 
 , 
 
70 
 
 weights and measures have resulted from such like staudard^ 
 as the length of some man's arm or foot, and that the pyra- 
 mids instead of being buildings fraught with kno\vledgo"are 
 nothing but meaningless heaps of stones begotten bv tvranny 
 out of brute labor, it must be left for after discussioirto dis- 
 pel the doubt. 
 
 CIIAPTEK XIX. 
 
 SOME KEMAKK.H OX MR. 
 
 I'UZZI SMYTIl's " <JIR INHEHITAXCE IN THE 
 (iREAT PYRAMID." 
 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer lioyal for Scotland incited 
 by Mr. John Taylor, author of "TJie Great Pyramid, whv it 
 wa.s built," was carried away by the belief "that the great 
 pyramid was designed by divine inspiration and went— after 
 having "invested ihe savings Off many years in a variety of 
 appropriate instruments," and took up his abu.Ie for some 
 months in the locality of the pyramids; chiefly, it would ap- 
 pear for the purpose of testing the accuracy of the measure- 
 ments of the great pyramid that had been made by former 
 travellei-s. As the instrument Mr. Piazzi Smvth used for 
 measuring the length of the base of the great pyramid was a 
 "500 inch cord," it is not surprising that his I'ueasurements 
 should differ some feet from the measurements that have 
 been made with more reliable instruments. 
 
 It may be remarked that a "cord" was an improper instni- 
 ment to be used in a case whei-e correct nsults were reqiiind. 
 As the 'cord' in question was made and tested in Great Brit- 
 sin, it would necessarily expand when carried to the diver 
 and hotter climate of Egypt. It will, I think, be admitted, 
 that a cord has a greater range of expansion and contraction 
 than either glass, wood or steel. During the triangnl.'.tion 
 of Great Britain and Ireland commenced in 1791, one of the 
 base lines, that on Hounslow Heath was measured three iime", 
 
 m 
 
 46 
 
71 
 
 by deal rods, glass rods and by ateel cliain*. The tirst gave 
 27,405 •S'e feet, the second 27,403-38 feet, and the third 
 27,402-39 feet. 
 
 By one assumption, the length of the base of the great 
 pyramid is determined by Mr. Piazzi Smyth 9,105-72 
 English inches, and the slope of the face of tho pyramid i:* 
 determined precisely 51° 51' 14" 3"', for the reason that 
 this angle (Ictcniiincs the height 5,835-07 iMiglisli inches, 
 and 5,835 -.07 English inches is to twice the assumed 
 length of the base (9,l«5-72 English inchesX2) as 1 is to 
 3-14150+. Eroni this supposition Mr. Piazzi Smyth attti-ms 
 that the great pyramid proclaims the correct ratio of the 
 diameter to the circumference. In reference to this state- 
 ment, it has to be observed that thei-e is no evidence that 
 demonstrates that the pyramid records any such fact. The 
 supposition is wholly based on the fictitious dimensions that 
 have been assigned by Mr. Piazzi Smyth,who however, adopts 
 other measurements. Instead of 9,165-72 English inches, 
 for the length of the base, he assigns 9,140-131 English 
 inches, and instead of 5,835-07 English inches for the height 
 of the pyramid, he assigns 5,813 English inches. Why < 
 
 Because 365-242H the number of days in the solar year 
 
 multiplied by 25-025 English inches, the length of the sup- 
 posititious "Sacred cubit" the "Seth descended culiit," as is 
 designated by Mr. Piazzi Smyth, gives for product 9,140-131. 
 Evidently, Mr. Piazzi Smyth had a theory and as it was 
 easier to (piadrate the dimensions to suit his theory, than his 
 theory to the dimensions, the former was chosen and there- 
 fore adopted. 
 
 That the great pyramid was built to chronicle that the 
 ratio of the diameter to the circumference is as 1 is to 
 3-14159-f is otherwise attempted to be demonstrated by the 
 assertion that this is the precise ratio which exists bet\vee!i 
 the area of the vertical section and the pyramid, p.nd the 
 area of its base. This assertion is only anotlier oxprc'siou 
 for the former statement. If it be true that the lieight of 
 the pyramid is to the sum of the two sides of the base as 1 
 
! . 
 
 72 
 
 is to 3*14159+, it necessarily follows that the vertical sec- 
 tional area is to the base as 1 is to 3*14159+. 
 
 It may as well be at once observed that the "pyramid 
 inch" adopted by Mr. Piazzi Smyth is equal to 1001 Eng- 
 lish inch and is deduced from the assumption that the 
 -j^ijj^nd part of the length of the base of the great pyra- 
 mid is the one ten millionth of the earth's semi-sxis of 
 rotation, and that each of theseg, ^Jjil"*^ P*^*"*^ consists of 
 25 English inches. To obtain the length of I'OOl English 
 inch, the earth's axis of rotation is assumed to be 500,500,000 
 English inches and is thus made equal to 500 million pyra- 
 mid inches. With this remark, the pyramid inch is dis- 
 missed as a measure as fanciful as it is useless. It may, 
 however, interest the reader to note the use he makes of this 
 unique inch. He points out that in a pyramid of the form 
 and dimensions he has assigned to the great pyramid, the 
 half horizontal measurement of the face of the pyramid at 
 the height of 1,162-6 pyramid inches from the base is 
 3652-42, which divided by ten give, says he, the number of 
 days in a year, and divided by 1,162-6 give 3-14159-f, and 
 11,626-02, or ten times the height of the 35th course of 
 masonry from the base, or 100 times the length of the ante- 
 chamber represents the mean distance of the sun from the 
 earth 'in its measure from pole to pole.' These no doubt, 
 are curious and interesting deductions, it is therefore much 
 to be regretted that they were not founded on grounds less 
 liable to objection. 
 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth fits the square he calculates is equal to 
 the vertical sectional area of the pyramid into the vertical 
 section of the pyramid, and from the figure thus obtained 
 deduces more interesting facts. Unfortunately, the square 
 will not fit into the vertical section of the pyramid, if its 
 centre line i?! to onincido with the Isase linr- of the pyramid, 
 ■which is an esisential requisite for the probiem submitted to 
 be of any value. Its angles protrude beyond the face line 
 of the pyramid twenty-nine English inches. 
 
73 
 
 The side of a s^juare that fits in the vertical section of a 
 pyramid of the rlinicn^ions as-igned by Mr. Piazzi Siuvth 
 to the great pyrr.mid, has a length of 6,114 English inches, 
 which is 38 English inches less than the side of the square 
 he computes i-.. equal to the area of the verticnl section of 
 the pyramid. 
 
 Among the astounding statements made by Mr. Piazzi 
 Smyth in the book that has called forth the preceding re- 
 marks is the statement that the ancient world was acquainted 
 vith mil/ tu-o cubits. Egypt, Babylon, Nineveh, Persia, 
 Mesopotamia, Assyria, Syria, had, says he, but one cubit 
 and "that cubit was the length of 20-08 British inches." 
 Thao is, the half length or the assumed half length of the 
 doable cubit measure that was found imbedded in the walls 
 of the palace of Kamac. 
 
 The "Select peoplt of God," so Mr. Piazzi Smyth tells 
 us, M-ere possessed of the "Sacred Cubit," of the Seth de- 
 scended C"ul>it of 2,1 -02.5 British inches, and these two cubits, 
 it is intimated, were the only cubits known. To refute this 
 statement it is only necessary to refer to the pyramids of 
 Gyzeh to obtain many times the number of cubits Mr. Piazzi 
 Smyth allows ancient peoples to have possessed. Of an- 
 cient authors who have written of the pyramids of Gyzeh 
 all, it may be said, assert that the base of each of the two 
 great pyramids is a stade in length, and that the base of the 
 third pyramid is, sometimes, it is said, half a stade in length. 
 They also assert that each pyramid was a stade in height — 
 Ancient authors are abo unanimous in asserting that every 
 stade consists of 400 cubits. In fact it was as essentially ne- 
 cessary that the stade should consist of 400 cubits, as that 
 the foot should consist of 12 inches. Here then are ol>- 
 tained at once six cubits. The ordinary sized wheat cubit, 
 the l-400th of the length of the base of the first pyramid, 
 and the ordinary sized water cubit the l-400th the length 
 of the base of the second pyramid, and the ordinary sized 
 barley cubit the 1 -200th of the base of the third pyramid. 
 And there arc in addition the three cubits residtinc from 
 
 
74 
 
 the varied htiphts of the three i>.vrainiils. Besides the 
 cubits mentioned there was the ordinary sized oat grain 
 cubit of li< English inches, and there were the hirge grain 
 cubits and the nmltiplicity of cubits which resulted from 
 the different oi)inions entertained of the rehitive weights of 
 water, wheat, barley, oats, as well as the cubits resulting 
 from the various dimensions of the earth's diameter and cir- 
 cumference. It is difficult to conceive h«>w such a notion 
 of weights and measures, as that indicated in the passage 
 (]Uoted, could ever have been entertained. 
 
 It is just as probable that each country in ancient times 
 had as many cubits as England had gallons, as China had 
 feet or as Sweden had ju.iuuls. In England there was a 
 gallon of 231 cubic inches for wine, cider, perry and vir- 
 j\iice a gallon of 22S cubic inches for beer, ale and vine- 
 gar; a gallon of 2('.,s-s cubic inches for corn and an imperial 
 gallon of 277-274 cubic inches. In fact, as late as the reign 
 of George IV., England had no less than four measures of 
 capacitv. In China is found a "builders foot," a "trades- 
 man's foot," a "land surveyors foot," a "mathematical foot." 
 In Sweden there are a "money pound," a "gold pound," a 
 "silver pound," a "metal pound," a "raw iron pound," a 
 " raw copper pound," and an " apothecaries poutd." 
 
 Mr. Piazzi Smyth, in stating that the ancient Greeks knew 
 nothing but what was childish in regard to the form and di- 
 mensions of the earth, has merely repeated, parrot-like, a 
 stereotyped phrase. There was one thing, at least, of which 
 the ancients were ignorant, and that was the "pyramid inch" 
 of Mr. Piazzi Smyth. 
 
 It has been shown in these pages, and that beyond the possi- 
 bility of a doubt, that the Greeks, and those more ancient 
 than the Greeks, knew, not only the form of the earth, but 
 its dimensions— such as it may be reasonably supposed to 
 have been in the days when they lived. 
 
 There is one statement which Mr. Piazzi Smyth has 
 hazarded to make: for which, however, I am extremely 
 
 ■,*--k^-ir ■■-.— 
 
 ^mSK^UGP HiT ^Mt'OV -fV ^hKBMI. ■ 
 
75 
 _ .,xT „.„ • ♦ who demands in these 
 
 obliged. He '•y'^ ^!°,"'"', „„„„„„, * * need hope 
 latter days new princples °« ''"T"^^ o„,^, Pvham.d." 
 .„ arrive at the "''^^^''^^'r^' ^ZlZner, evidently 
 Of cour«, Mr. I'ia^n i^n.yth, bemg an ..t .__ ^^^ 
 
 accepts the New.„n,an J -^^^1 ^.^ ^ third Utter to 
 sense expressed by Sir 1 »«" "« j,j2.3 „ alK>i.t ton 
 
 Doctor Uentley, df * .** ' j^ ^4,i„i„. 'l,e says -I'l-' 
 years after the pubheat.on of ' " / ""^nlial to matter, so 
 'gravity shonld be inna,., •"''";;;";'„«"' ,i,t.„c„, through 
 Lt one h»ly may -t ^^ - *« ^ ,,^, , a„d 
 
 :jr;::hS':ittion.ndf„r.^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 of ffemHny can ever fall mh M. 
 
 sit9^iaisars!axvT~ifS3^rrjr^Mtairmr:vK^^ »^r. 
 
'^^mi^