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IMPORTANCE OF EARLY PLANTING IN SOME PARTS OF CANADA TIME TO PLANT TRINCE EDWARD ISLAND— JUNE 1-7 NOVA SCOTIA-JUNE 1-J5 NEW BRUNSWICK-JUNE 1-15 QUEBEC-MAY IS TO JUNE 15 ONTARIO— MAY I TO JUNE 15 MANITOBA— MAY 10 to MAY 15 SASKATCHEWAN— MAY 10 TO MAY 24 ALBERTA-MAY 10 TO MAY 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA-APRIL 1 TO MAY 15 WHERE THE SPRING IS EARLY AND AUTUMN FROSTS EARLY. PLANT EARLY WHERE THE SPRING IS EARLY AND SUMMERS ARE DRY. PLANT EARLY WHERE THE SPRING IS LATE AND AUTUMN FROSTS LATE, EARLY PLANTING IS NOT SO IMPORTANT WHERE THE SPRING IS LATE AND AUTUMN FROSTS ARE EARLY, PLANT AS SOON AS SOIL IS DRY ENOUGH DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SPECIAL CIRCULAR No. IS J. H. SRISDALC. a.AOR. DiaKCTon W. T. MACOUN DOHINION HMITICULTUMItT WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO PLANT POTATOES? There are several important factors in the production of large crops of potatoes and one is the time of p anting. Perhaps in no part of Canadi has the crop suffered more from not planting at the best time than in the province of Ontario where it is customary with most farmers to plant about the ia^t week of May or early m June and owing to the importance of planting sonu- other crops early and because a fair crop of potatoes can be obtained by planting late, earher planting may not seem desirable. '^ Experiments both at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and the Agricultural College, C.uelph, Ontario, and the experience of manV grower, have demonstrated the importance of much earlier planting than this if the largest yields are desired In 1917 the yield per acre of Green Mountain potato S^^"u u". '^^^ '^ ^* 9"**^ ^'^^ ""^ ^^^ '^^^ of 352 bushels per acre; May 26 295 bushels per acre; June 9, 242 bushels per acre; June 23, 59 bishels per acre, and these results are typical of those obtained in other years A verv striking difference in favour of early planting was shown in 1915 at Ottawa when the Irish Cobbler, planted on May 15, yielded at the rate of 425 bush.l. of marketable potatoes per acre and planted on May 29, only 250 busheN .•■, difference of l/o bushels per acre. At Guelph the following results beiii" t lie average of six varieties, were obtained in 1915: Planted Mav 3 201.^ bushels per acre; May 17, 169-6 bushels per acre; May 31, 123 1 bushels per acre; June 14, 72- 1 bushels per acre; June 28, 31-9 bushels per acre Evidence '3 strongly in favour of planting potatoes for maximum crop, not ater than May 15 in Ontario, except in the northern part where the time of planting has to be governed by the time the land is in condition Earlier planting than has been the custom would, from the results of e.x- periments which have been tried, be desirable in the prairie provinces if lareer . rops are desired. Fdlowing were the average results for three yeais at the .xpenmenta Farm, Brandon, Man., from planting at different dates: May 1, 288 bushels per acre; May 14, 285 bushels per acre; May 28, 253 bushels per acre; June 4 188 bushels per acre. At the Experimental Farm, Indian 1 lead bask better results have been obtained from planting May 20 th'ui .rom later dates, though earlier planting has not been thoroughly tried. At the Experimental Station Scott, Sask., the best re.«ults, taking' an averace ot three years, have been from planting about May 8, even though the tops are sometimes frozen badly after the potatoes are up. At the Experimentil .-tation Lacombe, Alta., the average of a two years' test was a. follows: Planted April 28, 350 bushels per acre; May 26, 206 bushels per acre; June 9, 192 bushels per acre; July fa, 19 bushels per acre. It will thus be seen that where the sprin' is early and where frost comes relatively early in the autumn, earlv plafatinr. gives best resu ts. On the south eastern coast of Vancouver Island it is neces- sary to plant dunng the latter part of March or early in April to get the best results owing to drought in summer. In the valleys of the upper country in British Columbia the early planting is very desirable where autumn frosts come early, whereas in the warmer valleys where there is irrigation and where autumn frosts do not come early it is not so important to plant eariy In the maritime provinces, owing to the lateness of the spring and the coldness of the soil, planting during the first two weeks of June gives the best results The late spring in these provinces is compensated for by a long autumn ^^^thout frost, ensuring the development of tubers at a time when in other parts of Canada the plants are dead. The lower St. Lawrence region of the province of Quebec has clmiatic conditions somewhat like those in the maritime provinces and June planting gives good results. In parts of Quebec where spring is relatively early but vyhere ear y frosts occur, early planting is desirable. In northern Quebec it will, doubtless, be found desirable to plant as soon as the soil IS dry enough, risking injury from spring frosts so as to have the crop well advanced before autumn frosts. ^