im ^j ^} %. ^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ ^ // ^/ m :/. f/j (A. 1.0 I.I 1.25 28 j50 "'"== u 1 40 [2.2 IM 1.8 U IIIIII.6 ^^1^ <^ //. 4 '■» .<^^ /#• "rj (9 / w Photographic Sciences Cor[)oration WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 m ,\ iV \\ % .V 'O o"^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions /Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques \ iV ^> Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The a to the The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically ucttqua, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D D n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculde Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I — I Coloured maps/ I — I Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ I — I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ I — I Bound with other material/ D n Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Re\\6 avec d'autres documents D Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intirieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas dt6 filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl^mentaires; L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6X.6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exempiaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur6es et/ou pellicul^es Q^Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d^color^es, tachet^es ou piqu6es □ Pages detached/ Pages ddtach^es |~l^Showthrough/ I J Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Qualiti indgale de I'impression □ Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplementaire □ Only edition available/ Seule Edition dispcnible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'erratd, une pelure, etc., ont 6tik film6es d nouveau de facon i obtenii 'a meilleure image possible. n Their possil of the filmin Origit begin the la sion, other first I sion. or illi The! shall TINU Wi :: Map! diffe entir begi! right requ meth This item is filmed at the reduction ratio chocked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X ' ^ 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Archives of Ontario Library The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy end in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ► (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), wi ;hever applies. Maps, riates. charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grflce d la g6n6roslt6 de: Archives of Ontario Library Les images suivantes unt 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin. compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet§ de l'exemplaire filmd. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimiie sont film6s en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui cnmporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration. soit par le second plat, salon Is cas. ToiiS les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commenqant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derni6re page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboler suivants apparattra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ♦- signlfie "A SUIVRE". le symbole V signlfie "F!N". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent etre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pou' dtre reproduit en un seul clichd. il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et de haut en has, en prenant le nombre d'images ndceseaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent le mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 hil XYIJ P« an da P£ a ! CO E he th at A CHART OF Snake Hill the Point above Port Erie, is a low sand hill that formesly had military woiks upon it that com- manded the Port, "1^ miles above this is another called Palmer's Point running about half a mile into the Lake, and makes the approach into Fort Erie Roads, very dangerous in the night, the shoal of Rocks runs from Palmers point S. by E. and to the westward they have a bold appearance and approach of 5 fathoms of water close too. The leading marks for clearing this point in coming from the Westward is to steer from Point Abino E. N. E. which will bring the City of Buffalo right a- head, when you will not have less than Sjfathoms, until the lower Wharf commonly called the N. W. Wharf at Fort Erie is jiist open with Smka Hill, and thea // Is o.eer in mid channel with Black Rock ahead with the water gradually shoaling, until you get into 24 fa- thoms anchorage, abreast of the N. W. wharf,in goin" out of Fort Erie Roads steer S. W. by S. for a point of flat table land on the American Shore keeping this point right ahead until the N. W, Wharf and store are shut in by Snake Hill by this course you have a good 5 fathoms channel, then alter your course to W. S. W. and the water will gradually deepen to 9 & 10 fathoms off Point Abino which is 9 miles from Fort Erie^ml when you may be said to be completely out olihc cu? rent although the cltect is seldom felt above one mUe '^bove Palmers point, Poirt AbIno is formed bv an un- ^ even Sand Hill wiBi trees which give it the appear- ance of notches in tho land, in coming from the Wd. the E. side of this point affords good shelter for vessels from the westerly winds laying sheltered with the winds from W. S. W. or S. W. to S„ E. at 3| fathoms sandy bottom close under the point and with the point bearing W. by S. in 5 fathons water with strong Blue Clay. From Pt. Abino about 2 cables length to the S.S.E.is^a ridge of rocks some of them shewing themselves above water. Fi jm this point lie course is W. by N. to ^grandJRjver^Bluflfe, distance 26 miles,*^ miles to the' Wd. of point Abino is a remarkable Hill called sugar loaf, it is a gooa land mark in the night as it is easily seen and vessels coming down generally heave too off it for the night or till near daylight, there is a small bay to the E'd. of it useful only for Durham Boats and BatteauT, Smiles to the Wd. of sugar loaf Hill is Mor- gan's point this is low land with trees to the extremity of the point and a rocky shoal running out some dis- tance and affords shelter for Boats. The lower Grand River Bluff or Point Selkirk is a bold looking point and to the E'd. affords j^ood shelter for vessels with the wind at W. S. W. but should the wind come from the Sy. it is dangerous getting under weigh from the heavy swell and being rocky in shore, off the outer edge of the point abreast of some small firs a shoal runs off edging to die Wd. joins Mohawk Island which forms the East port of Mohawks Bay a very good shelter for the shipping on Lake Erie. Mohawks Island which gives shelter to the bay is very small, to the S. and S. E. u is connected with rocky shoals that runs out between 3 and 3 miles into the Lake, about J of a mile from the Island to the S. is a narrow channel for small vessels with 4 fathoms but is only safe in fine weather, the greater part of the rocks to the S. have little more than 2 or 3 feet water on them E. from the Island in 3 fms water is a rock with only 6 feet water on it, in going into the Bay from the E'd give point Selkirk a good berth and steer for Mo- hawk Island in 5 fathoms water until the high Clay Bank in thebite of the Bay is well open when the Easter most part of the Bank is well on tlv- starboard bow the water will gradually shoal to 3 fathoms then steer for some firs on the W. end of the clay bank which will lead you nearly into mid channel giving the Island the best berth, on this course the water shoals gradually un- til abreast of the Rocks off the E. end of the Island when you have 10 feet for 2 casts then 12 for about 3 cables length then 10 feet again for a short distance and then deepen suddenly into 2J or 3 F'thms. The best an^ chorage is in 4^ f thms with a small store under the point of the Bay, W. Point Selkirk, S. by E. and the centre of the Island S. S. E. This bay has most excellent holding ground of Red Clay and is perfectly opet to S. W. winds, the vessels ride generally with little strain on their Cables, the back swell having so much effect the westermosi part of this bay called Mohawk Point is rather high land and is placed on a solid bed of rocks. And directly under the point near the store house is a small bay which forms an excellent Harbour fsr small Boats J a mile in the Bay and directly abreast of the House lays a shoal with 3J Fathoms of water on it and when it blows fresh from the westward, the sea breaks very heavy on it in three successive rolls which makes it rather dangerous for boats going off, to the vessels if unacquainted with the inner channel which lays to the Northward and very near abreast of a small Rocky point in a line with the shoal. In going out of the bay to the W'd. theie is no danger the Point of the Island and main land is pretty bold and the channel is 1500 Yards wide in the bite of the next bay to the Westward is the entrance of the Grand River and is 2J miles from Mohawk's point, here are the Store Houses and tempo- rary Dock Yard for repairing the Vessels on Lake Erie, the entrance of this River is at times nearly blockaded up by a shifting sand Bar, and before you can either venture in or out, it is necessary to place the buoy afresh there is seldom less than 5 feet water in the spring, and fall, sometimes' 7 feet, the following bearings were taken about half a cables length from the Bar to the S'd. of it, Upper Grand River Bluff "W. 30 South Mohawk's Point outer extreme E. 25 S. West point Grand River K, E. Establishment centre House on with eastermost point of Grand River N. E. by E. the ground is red clay with sand at top and very good holdmg ground the enterance of the Grand River is very narrow with a current affected very much with the wind for 3 miles up but above that always runs down about 2 Knots. The \ k \ I point of land to the west'd of Grand Rhcr Bluffs lias Tery dangerous shoals of rocks from it S. S. E. for 3 or 4 miles to clear them, in coming from the Wd. you must keep Mohawk Island on with the clay land in the bite of Mohawk bay until the houses at the' Grand River are well open. The vessels unacquainted with the Lake are very apt to keep in with the land until Mohawk Island opens to the S'd. of point Selkirk which is sure to bring them on the centre of the shoal from 7 to 4 feet before they have time to haul off. Point Selkirk, Mohawk Point, and Upper Grand River Bluff, are, 3 bold points of land seen in the offing, and called by old Navigators the Grand River Bluffs, and considered ex- cellent land marks to know the distance from Fort Erie. In Coasting from Upper Grand River Bluffs the ap- proach is rather dangerous for any thing but boats, as far as Turkey point which is 36 miles here is formed Long Point Bay with good holding ground but open to the E. winds in the West Part of the Bay is formed a small|Harbour calltd Deep Hole with a narrow channel into it, having 5 fathoms water it is surrounded with swampy Ground, and is 9 miles from Turkey point. Long Point runs out from Turkey Point S. E. by S. 22 miles and is formed of low sandy ground with no trees within one mile of the end of the pointy it is dangerous approaching it in the night from the diffi- culty of seeing it, but by attention being paid to the lead, the danger may be avoided, as within three miles of it, the deepest water is to be found, to the E'd of the point is good anchorage in the Lake tin six Fathoms under the Big Bluff,] in shaping a course up the Lake from Mohawk Bay steer S. W. by W. for 26 miles which clears Long Point 2 miles to the S'd» the general soundings are 10 12 14 15 19 and 24 Fathoms when near the point the ground is soft blue clay From th© 6 TTppcr point or Gap of Long Point and near the centre of the Lake lays a small sand shoal having only 4j Fa- thoms water on it the following bearings were taken from it outer extreme of Long Point N. E. 24 miles, up- per Gap Long Point N. J E. 13 miles high sand hill centre N, by W. 19 miles. The land along the coast has generally a high appearance with a good settlement called the Talbot settlement,from Long point W.by S. 78 miles is Point Landguord or Round (O) so called from a small Lake inside, a good Harbour for Batteaux, under this point is shelter from a W. S. W, wind in 4 fathoms clay bottom W. by S, 45 miles lays Point Pele this point is low sandy, and runs out 2j miles to the South, to E'd is a most excellent harbour for batteaux, formed by a swamp with a very narrow entrance having generally 3 feet water in it, 10 miles from this point lays a range of Islands that cross the Lake through which there are three channels to the Ri- ver Detroit. Point Pele channel middle Island Channel and Cunninghams Island channel. Point Pele channel has been least known on account of the supposed dan- ger of Point Pele, in steering through it keep the gap that appears on Point Pele Island ahead until Point Pele N. E. by E. then steer N. J W. until the small Is- land opens on the N. Point of Pele Island, from this steer W. for Bar Point, the soundings will be shortnmg gradually from 10 to 5 fathom into the Island and from that to 4 on the N 1-2 VV. course and 7 6 & 5 all up the shore till within 3 miles from Bar point, ^ by keeping in the centre of the Channel in going in with the Point Pele, about N. E. there is only 2| fathoms and apparently a sand bank is formed as the whole of the other soundings are blue*clay, and off the first point to the W'd. of Point Pele lays some sunken Rocks, with 5 or 6 feet of water, nearly 1| miles from the shore r N.N.E.from E.pavtof the Island whicli is tho largest Island in the channel to the W, of Point Pcle Island lays a small patch of Rocks having G feut water on them. Middle Island passage is the one most commonly us- ed it lays in the centre of the Lake, Middle Island is easily known by its appearance, being smaller than the others High and perfectly round, in going through Xecp a J of a mile to the S'd of it,and when at the wind Steer W. by N. Cunningham Island lays about 2 ms. to the S. of Middle Iseland, rnd between these and the passage, but well over to Cunningham Islaud lays a rockey shoal connected with it, it has two bushes grow- ing on it, that gives it the appearance of a small vessel under sale, and is by some called Boat Islaud. There is a narrow Channel to N'd. of Middle Island between it and Point Pele Island, but from a very dangerous reef of table rock running off S. end of point Pelc Is- land it is very rarely used. S. E. from the E, end of Middle Island and N.E. from the E. end of Cunning- ham Island lays a shoal with 7 feet water on it J mile wide and | mile long from Middle Island Steering N. W. 18 miles lays Middle Sister Island, in Sailing to it you leave a number of Small Islands Called the Birds on the Stb'd hand and on the other hand the St. Geor- ge's Islands in which lays Mills Cove and put in Bay a most excellent Harbour for shipping, from Middle Sister Island Steer N. W, by N. 12 miles to Bar point. To come through the Cunningham Island passage steer to the S'd of Cunninghams Island giving it a good birth until the Islands open, on account of a shoal running off the S. point, then Steer, N. W.byN. for Bar point, about 5 Miles to the S. W. of St George's Is- land lays a sand bank with 5 feet water on it. Bar pomt at the entrance of the River Detroit has a 8 i>old appearance of trees 10 the water's cd^e, at.tl.w point the Bar forms and runs in the shape of a Uorse ahoo untill it joins point moyu situated on an Island opposite by keeping * a mile from Bar point you will find 15 feet water; which is the general depth in the deepest wa- ter and then Steer for a patch of Clay bank nearly N. on the Island of Bois Blacko until off the ^ Wind- mill, then Steering in mid Channell betw.ecn the Island and main in 4 fms' for J a mile you come to Amhcrst- burg, tne best Anchorage is close to the 1 c vn m 3 fath- oms as on the Island side are a number of old sunken trees that chafe the cab. ..,the current .'uns here generally S knots but is affected by heavy winds. . The Merchant Vessels coming from the E. end of the Lake steer W. S. W which clears Long pomt a- bout 8 miles and strikes the middle Island Channel.the geneial soundings are from Fort Erie to Point Abmo 4, 5 6 6 1-2 7, 8, & 9 fathoms, sand.from Point Abmo to Grand River Bluffs 10, 12, 14, 13, and 15 course gravel and black pebbles from G, R, Bluffs to L, Point 15, 24, 22 19 16, 22, 14, black sand and sometimes mud, from L* Point to the sand hills 30 miles to the W'd, irregular from 14 to 24 fathoms hard clay mud and sand, i ?^##e— I I-