^^ ^^ V IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) [a A, 1.0 ^1^ 1^ itt U^ 122 IM 1.1 H! lii 120 ■Iwu y % >^ ^^ Photographic ScMices CorpoiHtoi A^ •^ as WMT MAM STMIT WeMfK,N.V. 14SM (7U) •72-4503 4^ v\ CIHM/iCMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da niicroraproductions liiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at tribiiographiquaa .5.-. Tha inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy avaiiabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy wliich may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chacicad baiow. / 1 Coiourad ^ovara/ ^ ' Couvartura"^ coulaur I I Covara damagad/ D D D n D Couvartura andommagi Covara raatorad and/or iaminatac Couvartura raataurte at/ou pallieulAa I I Covar title misaing/ La titra da couvartura manqua I I Coiourad mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquas an coulaur □ Coiourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) I I Coiourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ Pianchaa at/ou illuvtrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matarial/ Rail* avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa ahadowa or diatortion along intarior margin/ La r0 iiura aarr^a paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatortion la long da la marga IntAriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibia, thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ 11 aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchas ajouttea lora d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta, maia, ioraqua cala 6tait poaaibia, caa pagaa n'ont paa At4 filmtea. Additional commanta:/ Commantairaa auppl6mantairaa: L'Inatitut a microfilm^ la maillaur axamplaira qu'il lui a At* poaaibia da aa proccrar. Laa dAtaila do cat axamplaira qui aont paut>4Mra uniquaa du point da vua bibliographit|ua, qui pauvant modifiar una imaga raprodulta, ou qui pauvant axigar una modification dana la mAthoda normala da filmaga aont indiquAa ci-daaaoua. |~~| Coiourad pagaa/ D Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damagad/ Pagaa andommagAaa Pagaa raatorad and/oi Pagaa raatauriaa at/ou pallicultea I — I Pagaa damagad/ I — I Pagaa raatorad and/or laminatad/ Pagaa diacoiourad, atainad or foxad/ Pagaa dAcolorAaa, tachatAaa ou piquAaa Pagaa datachad/ Pagaa dAtachAaa Showt Tranaparanca Quality of prir QualitA InAgaia da I'impraaaion Includaa aupplamantary matarii Comprand du material aupplAmantaira Only adition avaiiabia/ Saula Adition diaponibia r~71 Showthrough/ I I Quality of print variaa/ I I Includaa aupplamantary matarial/ I — I Only adition avaiiabia/ T t( T P fl b tl al o fi al o T al Tl V«f M dl ai b ri Pagaa wholly or partially obacurad by arrata alipa, tiaauaa, ate, hava baan rafiimad to anaura tha baat poaaibia imaga/ Laa pagaa totalamant ou partiallamant obacurciaa par un fauillat d'arrata. un^ palura, ate, ont At A filmAaa A nouvaau da fa^on a obtanir la maillaura imaga poaaibia. This itam la filmad at tha reduction ratio chackad balow/ Ca document eat filmA au taux da rAduction indiquA ci-daaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 28X aox ^ 12X 16X 20X MX 28X 32X The copy fllniMl h«r« haa b««n raproduead thanks to tha ganaroaity of: Library of tha Public Archivaa of Canada L'axamplaira fllmA f ut raprodult grica A la ginAroaM da: La bibiiothAqua daa Archivaa pubiiquaa du Canada Tha Imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaalbia conaMarlng tha condition and laglbillty of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract apacificationa. Original coplaa in printad papar covara ara fllmad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatr»tad Impraa- sion, or tha back covar whan approprlata. All othar original co|tlaa ara fllmad baginning on tha first paga with a prli«tad or illuatratad impraa- sion, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or Illuatratad impraaalon. Tha last racordad frama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol -^ (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha aymboi y (moaning "END"), whiehavar applias. IMaps, plataa, eharta, ate, may ba fllmad at diffarant raduction ratioa. Thoaa too larga to ba antlraly Includad !n ona axpoaura ara fllmad baginning in tha uppar ItfSt hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa raqulrad. Tha following diagrams llluatrata tha mathod: l.aa imagaa suivantas ont AtA raproduitas nvac la plua grand soin, fiompta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da l'axamplaira film*, at an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axamplairaa orlginaux dont la couvartura an paplar aat imprim^a sont filmte an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, aalon la caa. Tous los autras axamplairaa orlginaux aont filmte an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darnMra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un daa symboiaa suivanta apparaftra sur la darnlAra Imaga da chaqua microficha. salon la caa: la aymbola — »• signifia "A SUiVP.E ", la aymbola ▼ signifia "FIN". Laa earcaa, planchas, tablaaux, ate, pauvant Atra flimaa A daa taux da rMuction diff Arants. Loraqua la documant aat trap grand pour Atra raprodult an un aaul clichA, 11 aat film* A partir da I'angla aup4riaur gaucha, da gaucha i droita, at da haut an baa, an pranant la nombra d'imagaa nteaaaalra. Laa diagrammas suivants lllustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■■■ -v? r ?r-AT-S^^ ■«=^^ TO EMIGRANTS. CANADA: ITS ADVANTAGES TO SETTLERS. i,F (nVTF-iT, AXD Pl.tSlY AND MMTlNKs. S.UI.l. T,;un A':!. 1 OIT nSV rTilT IV THIS l IIV Alloc I Ki. I nllNTHV." ^1 '11 By JOHN MILLER- GRANT M N l R E A L. 3£C0HS EDITION LONDON: AL(;ATI and STTIEET, 11, CLEMENT'S LANE, LOMBARD STREET; AND \X. WESLEY, 32, PATERNOSTER ROW. 185G. ^s^--^ i'KlCi: THRKEPKNC'E; POST FKEE. FOURPENCE j^k'i.. . \ ": ■»>!■ . ■j^.'-' WATER POISONED BY LEADEN PIPES. "The abOT* •afniiag reproMnti aeonntoly ft uotion of* leaden pipe, which wu employed for • short lime in conreying water from a well on the grounds of Mr. Diok, of Bonchnroh, Isle of Wight. The water has ont these deep pits almost tbrongh the pipe, and not only npon the portion which we hare illaa< trated, bat has formed similar chasms thronghoat the entire length."— £xp/(,. •-1!;!* -J : J',^").^■t!■» :.;/aft,w , ;S. -„-:^ ...... -. J ' i O.i' t if '! IV ' ''.) f^ ■ i:? ,;'t h- J^> '11 , T > -X M ni' 'Vr' '?- 1 'iK. - ^-H \ 'V ■ »sV '^i > \ l'^«*>: •,/••■ .7Vl< i !! I '-'t 1 a- jfi i- 1 U ■ '.A' i *='*iKaiip^^»**-* AND LOWER IPROVINCES OF BRITISH NORTH AMERIC/ JH2 langiiuA Wft \au or Cnxmtk-h ^i. A NORTH AMERICA »ay ^Se'i^^^l ■ ti C\f^ -tR auo ^^\ ,aiibu\ W.««w'^'^*'«^ X* a 8 !.v*.7ofci "^4i f^a*!"* %J « I' <^.^. if Si vv rlo. ^ fr.! t Three J Sj,l\« jiaisi'u S^ *!^ J4 Mfi^l ♦Jr- "N "B • nuni\ HfftfV^ TJo, "'^i ■^^v*: UinJl H ■0 51 Jf'.J&er N<'^ ^ »-*A— tef" ni2>^ %: /. ffiHK* toimrgi a/Cbani^ ^Kml"*"^ eogrf^ ilxrro Grto" oofce.. "■^ .jr«ut cai '^'f i'^«^Tlun0<^^ fuoitt .Boi r 1 ntnton ochMiir V Cot. tK:-; yrojl Bo'ifl'"',/'^ '^cJi'" fax 43 A Povdani \ ___£ptinfftid^ Llliutfai4' VovutfW««» C> c Vi N*?!*-* .. \ '-'; ,«s \ ■--1 r' / AuVI V S \ r -^f --. '^. 1.^ ^ '■ .•_ 1 sf. "b •■N iiwi ._, , tt. vd-*>"-' »\\y;^ ■xj-Oj, "S*^ t--- Ul •yi ■' ! \h^. m VM.S 1-^ i'l^V J te u-Cl C' •X.-^- CANADA. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CANADA, AND THE ADVANTAGES IT HOLDS OUT TO EMIGRANTS. Tn£ sea voyage over, and the ship ascending the mighty river St. Lawrence, it is well the Emigrant should know something of the country to which he has come. The following hrief description of Canada will therefore be found both interesting and useful : — *' This extensive tract of country, and most important colony of England, may be described as a great belt of territory stretching from the centre of North America to the shores of Labrador, and from the waters which flow into the Northern Ocean to the parallel of Pennsylvania, in the United States. Its extent firom east to west is computed at about 1400 miles, and from north to south at from 200 to 400 miles. Its precise geographical limits are between the parallels of 41, 71, and 50, N. lat., and between the meridian of 57, 50, and 117, "W. long. " Canada, lying diagonally along the frontier of the United States, from N.E. to S.W., and possessing an inland navigation along its entire border, in a series of lakes and rivers unrivalled for extent and grandeur, has, especially of late years, been making such rapid progress, that it promises soon to become, in conjunction with its sister British provinces, a power of first-class import- ance, commercially and politically. The entire surface of the present territory of Canada, exclusive of its great waters, has been estimated at 196,000,000 acres, or between two and three times the size of Great Britain and Ireland. " This country, foimerly divided into two provinces, known as Upper and Lower Canada, was in 1841, by an act of the imperial parliament, constituted one province with one legislature. Although now united, however, for legislative and other purposes, the coimtry will most probably continue to be viewed and spoken of under its formally recognised divisions of Upper and Lower Canada. « Canada may be said to comprise one vast valley, through which the great river St. Lawrence take its course, issuing from Lake Superior and flowing successively through Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, imtil it falls into the ocean after a course of 2000 miles. This immense valley is on each side en- compassed by different mountain rang'^s, sometimes nearly approaching the water, and at other times receding into the interior', and thus forming exten- sive plains, for the most part alluvial, and suitable for nearly every description of produce. The high table-land along the northern boundary of this valley separates the streams which take their rise within it, and flow into its basin from those that take their rise in the almost unknown territory beyond, and which &11 into Hudson's Bay. The high land along the southern boundary of the valley separates the streams which flow northwards into its basin, from thoDQ that have their course southwards toirardu the Atlantic and Mississippi* •— H/! 8 " Commencing at the northern shore of the St. Lawrence towards the mouth of that river, where the width is 90 miles, we find one of the walls of this vast valley which constitutes Canada rising holdly in mountainous form, close to the river, continuing its rugged bank for upwards of 100 miles. One of the most remarkable of the heights of this northern bank is Cape Tourment, over- hanging the very brink of the river, and somewhat preparing the voyager for the still bolder and more magnificent grandeur of Cape Diamond, the Gibraltar of America, which rises to a height of 400 feet, and is crowned by the citadel of Quebec." It must be borne in mind by all emigrants that Canada is no longer a new province with little means of absorbing labour : she is far advanced, and her power of absorption far exceeds the quantity of labour likely to be thrown upon her shores in any particular year. An English, Irish, Scotch, French, Swedish, Norwegian, or German emigrant, of the labouring class, is safe enough, if on landing at Quebec he has sufficient means to carry him to the old settlements of the eastern townships of Upper Canada, or the neighbourhood of those railroad, and other public enterprises, everywhere going on. A few dollars will suffice for each individual ; and every able-bodied man is certain of obtaining immediate employment at four shillings sterling a day, and more on the railways and other public works. As the ultimate object of every emigrant accustomed to agricultural labour should be to become the farmer of his own land, he cannot too soon begin to acquire that knowledge which he will find essential in his vocation. There is necessarily a wide difference in the mode of farming here from that pursued in an old country ; and the poorer the settler, the greater will he find that difference. It must be the fate of all agri- cultural emigrants, without other resources than their labour, to clear the land of its forests. This is to all emigrants a new occupation ; and it is better that every emigrant should learn something of this and similar new occupations by working for another before he settles down to clear a farm on his own account. Whether he work as a railroad or an agricultural labourer, the emigrant can hardly remain any length of time in the country without acquiring some know- ledge that will be useful to him as a settler on his own land hereafter. As a farm-labourer the knowledge he will acquire will be of the most useful kind ; but many would at fbrst obtain better remuneration as railroad labourers. There is one thing which all emigrants of the labouring class who have a desire to better their condition — and that we take to be the main object of aU voluntary emigration — should be careful to do : they should shun cities and towns as places of settlement. If they remain there, ten chances to one they will be mere labourers for life ; but if they go to the country, there is no reason in th» world why they should not become indei)endent farmers, owning 100 or 200 acres of excellent land, and enjoying as much real independence as can well fall to the lot of man. The agricultural emigrant should always keep in view as his great object the obtaining of land for settlement; and whatever he does should always be made subservient to that end. If it is important for the class of emigrants who are bred to agriculture to avoid a residence in the town, as the grave of their prospects, it is no less needful to warn professional men, and all who follow any description of skilled labour, against the seductions of a farming life. There is no greater mistake than for persons of these classes to become amateur ftEumers in Canada. No «owiomy could po«iibly b« troi-se^ It is to render raluelesi} what it hiui taKefl yearfl to loam, and to embark in a pursuit where they cannot hope to rival the labourer who has no pretensions to skill. It is a mistaken idea thot because Canada is a colony mechanical labour is not in demand ; and that if mechanics emigrate to this country they must necessarily turn their attention to agricul- ture. Mechanical labour is equally sought after as agricultural ; and the com- petition among employers has, daring the last year, been severely felt in some branches of industry. There is a great demand for bricklayers, masons, car- penters, joiners, and several other classes of mechanics. Emigrants of some means, especially if farming be their pursuit, should not be precipitate in making purchases of land or any thing else. Their success de- pends upon precaution. Let them first acquaint themselves with the country, its various resources and capabilities, and the modes of cultivation which prevail. When the emigrant has spent a year or two in the country, and earned suffi- cient to pay an instalment on land, he will then have obtained some valuable knowledge to assist his future operations. The worth of this preliminary knowledge can hardly bo over-estimated. It is more valuable than a consi- derable amount of ready cash. The emigrant wuo brings a small capital with him, and goes to work as a farmer, on his old country plans, instead of waiting to learn the methods which experience has proved to be profitable here, is almost sure to miscarry ; while he who brings not capital, but his labour, and is, therefore, necessitated to accustom himself to the prevelant modes of farm- ing, invariably succeeds. In such cases failure is comparatively unknown. The terms on which the Government disposes of the public lands are most advan- tageous to the poorer emigrant — the an-angement being that one-tenth only of the purchase money is required down — the remainder to be paid in nine annual instalments. " In giving Canada the preference among England's colonies, the reasons for so doing may be briefly stated as follows : — It is the nearest of our Colonies, and the consequent cheapness of the voyage recommends it to all those who, with limited means of realising their wishes, are desirous of improving their condition by emigration. With a healthy and bracing climate, a soil which produces all the crops usually raised in this country, land so cheap and so easily attainable that every industrious man may become a freeholder, unsurpassed means of internal communication through its rivers and lakes, and a greater degree of security than can be enjoyed in any other British colony, — render it a most eligible field for industry and enterprise ; nor should superior educational and religious advantages be reckoned among its least recommendations. Churches and chapels of every denomination are to be found in even the most remote localities, a national system of education extends its advantages over the whole colony, and private schools of a respectable character are to be met with in all the towns. The qualification of an elector is the possession of a fi-eehold of the annual value of 40«., which is easily attainable. Taxation is about 80 per cent, less than in Great Britain, and more equitably apportioned. The mineral treasures of the colony are immense, but uutU very recently have been much neglected. Ores of copper, iron, lead, and antimony are fre- quently met with ; and in the neighbourhood of the Coppermine River, gold, silver, and tin have been discovered, as well as large masses of pure coppert The irou mines of St. Maurice, near three riverii midway between QUebec aad 10 Montreal, have long been famed for their productiveness and the excellence of the ore ; and those of Choilottevillc, near Lake Erie, and Marmora, 32 mileo east of the Bay of Quinto, are little iufciior. On the north shore of Lako Erie are immense beds of gypsum, and marble is quite common. Granite, lime- stone, sandstone, and slate are foiind all along the St. Lawrence, from Quebec to Miagara. The soil is everywhere extremely fertile, having been formed by the decay of forests for thousands of years upon sub-strata produced by aqueous deposits. In some districts wheat has been raised for twenty years successively on the same ground, without manure. The potato crops are excellent, and all the vegetables and fruits grown in England are produced in abundance. Tobacco thi'ives well in the western districts, and hemp and flax are indigenous." The demand for labour, both skilled and unskilled, as well as for farm ser- vants and female domestics, is very gicat, and there can be no doubt but that the province will afford for ever steady and profitable employment for all deno- minations of the working classes. The wages of common labourers average about five shillings a day, while those of the ortizan vary from seven to twelve shillings. The wages of the agricultm*al labourers differ somewhat in the several sections of the province ; but in all itarts they are double, and in many districts they are treble, and even quadruple those in England. The following table, recently compiled, gives the average rates of wages thi'oughout the colony : — «. Bricklayers 8 Masons 8 Stone-cutters .. ..6 Joiners 6 Carpenters 6 Tinsmiths .. ., ..6 Painters 6 Orainers 7 Hatters 6 Printers (Compositors) . . 6 Printers (Pressmen) .. 7 Tailors (Male) . . . . 5 Tailors (Female) . . . . 1 Per Day. d. 8. 9 to 11 10 8 8 7 6 lOi 7 6 ». Shoemakers 5 Upholsterers .. ,.6 Coopers . . . . . . 3 Farm-labourevs (with board) 2 Day-labourers ,, ..3 Boys and Girls (12 to 14) . . 1 Dressmakers (with board) . 1 Railway-labourers.. .. 6 Needle- women (with board) 1 Per Day. d. Oto 3 a. 6 7 5 3 5 1 2 6 2 Servant-maids Servant-boya Servant-men Per Month. . . 15 to 25 . . 20 „ 35 ..60 „70 d. 3 6 9 6 6 3 6 CLIMATE. As much error prevails concerning the climate of Canada, I give the follow- ing extract from the Prize Essay of last year : — " The salubrity of the Province is sufficiently proved by its cloudless skies, its elastic air, and almost entire absence of fogs. The lightness of the atmo- sphere has a most invigorating effect upon the spirits. The winter frosts ore severe and steady, and the summer'sims are hot, and bring on vegetation with wonderful rapidity. It is true that the spring of Canada differs much from the sprirg of many parts of Em'ope ; but after her long winter the crops start up as if by magic, and reconcile her inhabitants to the loss of that which, else- where, is often the sweetest season of the year. If, however, Canada has but a short spring, she can boost of an autumn dcliciously mild, and often lingering on, with its ' Indian summer/ and golden sunsets, until the month of Pecember, If " A Canadian winter, the mention of which, some years ago, in Europe, con- veyed almost a sensation of misery, is hailed rather as a season of increased enjoyment thon of privation and discomfort by the people. Instead of alternate rain, snow, sleet and fog, with broken up and impassable roads, the Canadian has clear skies, a fine bracing atniosphero, with the rivers and many of the smaller lakes frozen, and the inequalities in the rude tracks through the woods made smooth by snow— the whole face of the country being literally Macada- mized by nature for a people as yet unable to Macadamize for themselves, " It must not be supposed that the length of this season is necessarily pre- judicial to the farmer, for mild winters are generally found to bo injurious to fall crops of wheat, and a serious hindrance to business and travelling. The summer, short and eminently fi-uctifyiiig, occupies the whole of the farmer's time. It is in winter that the land is cleaied of timber, the firewood dragged home from the woods on sleighs over ground impassable by wheel carriages, and that the farmer disposes of his produce, and lays in his supplies for the fului-e. The snow forms a covering for his crops, and his road to the market." \ ' SOCIAL ASPECT. .V ^ ^ I'or all classes in Canada there is an unequalled opportunity for the attain-- ment by industry and integi-ity of independent positions in the several stations in life they occupy. The following remarks by Mrs. Traill, in her Emigrant Guide,* most truthfully illustrate the present social condition of the Canadian colonist. She says: — " There is one thing which can hai'dly fail to strike an emigrant from tho Old Country, on his arrival in Canada. It is this — The feeling of complete security which he enjoys, whether in his own dwelling, or in his journeys abroad through the land. He sees no fear — he need see none. He is not in a land spoiled and robbed, where every man's hand is against his fellow — where envy and distrust beset him on every side. He is in a country where the inha- bitants are essentially honest, because they az-e enabled, by the exertion of their own hands, to obtain in abimdance the necessaries of life. Does it not also prove to him that it is the miseries arising from poverty that induce crime ? Men do not often violate the law of honesty, unless driven to do so by neces- sity. Place the poor Irish peasant in tho way of earning his bread in Canada, where he sees his rewai'd before him, in broad lands that he can win by honest toil, and where he can hold up his head and look beyond that grave of a poor man's hope — tho parish workhouse— and sec in the far-off vista a home of com- fort which his own hands have reared, and can go down to his grave with the thought that he has left a name and a blessing for his children after him :— men like this do not steal. In Canada you may sleep with your doors un- barred — your confidence is rarely if ever abused, and your hospitality never by any claim violated." *■ ^ — ^^1—^1^1^— I. , I.I I I. !■ m w n^.mt^**ta III ■ ■ ■■■•■^^M*^— — 11 I I !■ I ■ » II I n II H 'l -i. !■*■■■ .iiBiiwa. ■■ ii ■ i ■■■ i..^i -■ ■ i ■■— ■ — * A little work that np emigrant should foil to possew on enteiing inte his new colp* ninl hom«. ' .tm m fe To those who are not content with their present position in the old country, there awaits a home and independence in the new world, which! cannot be taken advantage of too Hoon. For at this time a large number of labourers and mechanics are required for the numerous railways now in course of construction in the country, and also for the lumber trade,— the Ottawa, and other districts, offering great advantages to the settler in respect to high wages and the cheap- ness of land, the poor man, in a very short time, being able to become a pros- perous freeholder. The rate of wages given hos, during the post year, in many instances, been more than doubled, owing to the great demand for labour, Female servants get from Ifis. to 25«. per month. LAND—PRICES AND REGULATIONS. Land is as easily obtainable in Canada as in any other British colony : the Crown Lands may be purchased ot from 1«. to is. per aero in Lower Canada, and in Upper Canada from 4». to 20». per acre, the value being regulated by their situation. In the former the purchase money is payable in five, ond in the latter in ten, years. The Government seldom sell less than 100 or more than 200 acres to an individual, ond these arc, by a regulation of the Crown Lands Department, for octual settlement. The town plots, however, especially thoso possessing the odvantogcs of water power, are sold in small lots at from £10 to £15 per ocre, ond the purchaser is required to give security for the erection of such a saw and flour mill as will suffice for the wants of the community. There are Crown Land Agents in every county, from whom information and advice con be readily obtained. Independently of public lands, there ore, it is supposed, above 2,000,000 ocres in the hands of private individuals, improved ond unimproved, ond sold from 58, ond upwords per acre. Improved faims, according to their intrinsic volue and the outlay in houses, bams, stables, orchards, and fences upon them, are sold at from £2 to £20 per acre. Many private holders dispose of their lands at a credit of twenty years, the tenant poying yearly interest, with the power of completing his purchase ot ony time. There is still another mode adopted by the Government in Lower Conodo, viz., that of alloting lands to individuals of twenty-one years of age ond upwards, to the extent of fifty acres, toithout purchase, on condition that they sotisfy the Commissioner, or his agent, thot they can support themselves until o crop con be raised. The British American Lond Compony sell their londs in Lower Canada at from 88. to 12<. per acre, requiring interest only for the first four years, and then allowing four years for the payment of the principal : the emigrant thus gets 100 acres of land by an annual payment of from £3 to £4 10s. The Canada Company possess large tracts of lond in vorious ports of the Upper Province, but principally on the south-east shore of Lake Huron. The price of their lands vories from 10s. to £2 10s. per ocre, increasing as the settler approaches the Huron tract. Those who cannot purchase may lease these lands for ten years, paying ordinary interest, with the right of converting their leases . into freehold at any time. Besides the valuable Huron Tract, this Company possesses more than 300,000 acres of land in other counties. It ^m ADVICE TO EMIGRANTS. tliej should burden themselves as little as possible with Airnituro, coolt- ing utensils, and such like, as thcsr (hings can be obtained almost as cheaply in any section of the Province as ''r. ^i^ngland ; and in nearly every case the charges for carriage, warehouse room, and customs duties will amount to more than the original value of the articles. Personal luggage under a certain weight is con- veyed /rw (j/cAor^e; emigrants would therefore do well to make the e£fects which they take with them consist, as much as possible, of clothes, flannels, boots, and such like. In all cases each box or trunk should be legibly marked with the namo of the owner, and destination, if known (otherwise have Quebec marked on it) ; so that in caso of being lost it may remain in the Government warehouse at Quebec till called for. Good and well tried sailing or steam ships should bo selected, and where large parties intend emigrating, cabin accommodation should be taken and meals also arranged as for a " family,"— a course found to effect a saving in expendi- ture both for passage and food, and greatly conducive to comfort on the voyage. The emigrant must not fail to remember that personal cleanliness preserves health, and to provide a good supply of worm clothing, including flannel to be worn next the skin during the voyage- All passenger-tickets should be purchased by emigrants themselves, at the offices of the brokers or actual agents for the ship in which they intend sailing ; and it should be borne in mind that vessels with one sleeping-deck are preferable to those with two ; and the smaller the number of passengers, the better for general comfort. It would be well to ascertain that the vessel coi'iies a medical officer. In addition to the provisions supplied by the ship, every adult should be provided with the following extras: — IJ stone wheaten flour; 6 lbs. bacon; 2i lbs. butter; a 4 lb. loaf, hard-baked; ^Ib. of tea; 2 lbs. brown sugar; salt, soap, and bread- soda for laising cakes. These extras cost 10s. Qd. The follow- ing articles— the prices as follows— will be found useful on board,— multiplying plates, knives, wash-basinB, &c., according to the number of the party : — Tin water-can, holding six quarts .16 Large tin hooked saucepan 10 Frying-pan 09 Tin wash-basin . 9 Tin tea-pot 9 Tin kettle 16 Two deep tin plates 3 Two pint mugs 3 Knife, fork, and two spoons 10 Hattrass 3«. 3(?. to 4 9 Blanket, single .....36 Bugs 10 ^^hcetsjcach . , ■, . . , , , , , « I P 14 Tho handles and. spoutu of the tin-wuro should bo vivottod as well an sol- dered. Families would do well to take out a covered slop-pail and a broom. Tho bottoms of the chests and trunks should have two strips of wood nailed to them, to keep them from the damp floor. In addition to the extra stores, a cheese, a few herrings, with some potatoes and onione, may bo added. [Tho eyes or shoots can be destroyed by drying tho roots in an oven, after the baking heat is off, for a few minutes ; or they may bo rubbed off with a coarse clotli from time to time.] Lastly, emigrants would do well to tako tho temperance pledge beforo ■ailing, as, no liquors being allowed on board ship, they would hovo on excel- lent opportunity of learning to abstain from a practice too often debasing and proving a curse to tho emigrant, — undermining health (which, in his case, is wealth), and robbing families of many little comforts which could otherwise be afforded. Tho arrangements made by the Government of Canada for tho reception and protection of emigrants on their arrival at Quebec contrast in a remarkable manner with the want of such arrangements at New York, and the other ports of the United States, to which emigrants are conveyed from Europe. On the arrival of each emigrant ship in tho river St. Lawrence, she is boarded by tho medical officer of tho Emigrant Hospital at Grosso Isle, situated a few miles below Quebec; and whenever disease prevails in a ship, the emigrants aro landed, and remain at the hospital, at tho expense of the Colonial Government, until they are cured. On tho ship's nriival at Quebec, Mr. Buchanan, tho Government Agent of Emigrants, proceeds at once on board, for it is his duty to advise and protect each emigrant on his arrival. He inquires into all complaints, and sees that the provisions of tho Passenger Act arc strictly enforced. This he is enabled to do in a most effectual manner, as, under an arrangement sanc- tioned by tho Commissioners of Emigration in Great Britain, whenever an emigrant vessel leaves any British port for Quebec, the emigration officer of that port forwards to Mr. Buchanan, by mail steamer, a duplicate list of her passengers, with their names, age, sex, trade, &c. This list is usually received by him two or three weeks before the vessel reaches Quebec, so that he is not only fully prepared for her arrival, but is fiirnished with every particular which may bo useful to him in protecting tho emigrants. If just cause of complaint exist, he institutes, under a very summary law of the Province of Canada, legal proceedings against the master; but so thoroughly are the value and efficiency of this officer felt, that since a very short period subsequent to his appointment, it has very rarely been found necessary to take such proceedings. In cases where endgrants have arrived without sufficient funds to take them to places where employment is abundant and remunerative, their fares have been paid by Mr. Buchanan, out of the funds in his possession, provided for the purpose. Emigrants from other than British ports experience precisely the same protec- tion at the Jiands of Mr. Buchanan. To the artisan and general labourer we would say, make the best of your way to the manufactories with which all the cities of the province abound. We would advise the intending settlers and agricultural labourers, as well as female servants, to immediately proceed to the office of Mr. Buchanan, in Quebec, where they will receive every information and assistance. In Montreal, 15 Toronto, and Hamilton, sub-agoncics of tho F.niif|;ratinn Offico arc al^o cslab-' lishod, whnro similar attention is afforded. Tho moHt eligible part of Canada for emigrants desiring to buy wild land, in tho western portion of tho Upper Province— that seetion that lies between tho waters of Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron ; though tho district around Shcrbrookc, in tho eastern townNhips, is particularly deserving tho attention of omigraiitH of every class, as also tho section on both sides of tho St. Lawrence, between Quebec and Montreal. Tho country between Montreal and Toronto possofscs groat fertility of soil. Facili- ties of access to and from tho land selected should be carefully ascertained, as this is a most important feature in tho caniago of the produce at all aeatom to the market. New townships afford oxcoUont openings for mechanics settling in small vil- lages, whore such trades as tho shoemaker, blacksmith, carpenter, wheelwright, and others, are much needed ; and in these new settlements such labour pays well, because there is less competition to rogulato tho prices; and wo all know how advantageous it is to «' grow up with tho place." In conclusion, to quote tho words of a lecont eRHnyist on this noble colouy, — the brightest gem in England's territorial crown,— " No country in the world — wo boldly aver it — oflfers a more desirable resi- dence than Canada, for her attractions consist not only in every material com- fort, but also in tho gift of political liberty and educational advantages to all her inhabitants ; and these attractions arc held out, not merely to that class of emigrants who havo somo small means, or to that other class who arc possessed of comparatively greater means, but to whom increasing families and the keen competition of the old world make a change to tho new desirable, but also to the industrious mechanic, to tho hardy agriculturist, and, in fact, to all classes of settlers." And 'tis hero — «• i< .■it . , ' ,' .'', " Where spades grow bright, and idle swords grow dull, . < . . . ., ' 'Where jails are empty, and where barns are full ; *< L" Where doctors foot it, and where farmers ride, ,''"''' Where age abounds, and youth is multiplied ; ', , J Where these signs be, they clearly indicate " * r; - ;' . ; >' A happy people and well govern'd state !" ,' ' ' • ' TABLE OF DISTANCES— MONEY CALCULATIONS (Stbelino and Currency). On arrival at Quebec, passengers should proceed for tickets to the office of the Grand Trunk Railway, where ticketa can be procured for all parts of Canada and the " ^nrestem countries" of the United States. By taking tickets vid Montreal and Brockville, all the way hy railroad, passengers avoid the canals, thereby saving twenty-four hours in time; and all the steamers plying on the lake touch at Brockville. At the Grand Trunk Railway Office, Qoebeo, and at the Emigration Office, every information with reference to distances, routes, &c., can be obtained. w TABLE OF DISTANCES, distance ftom Quebec to Montreal, by Hail lOH miles, by Hirer 180 milef. FROM MONTUBAL. MILES. 1 FUOM MONYHBAL. MILM. ToComwall Froseott BrockTiUo 78 127 130 180 2'J2 208 313 317 337 367 410 410 410 430 458 467 486 To Kckford Chatham Windsor ' 606 AM) Kingston Cobourg Fort Hope BondHead Darlington Whitby Toronto Detroit, Michigan Chicago, Illinois .'. Carillon Orenvillo L'Originol Bytown Komptvillo MerrlckTillo Smith'sFalls Oliver's Ferry Isthmus Jones' Falls Kingston fiOo 876 M 66 78 129 /-alfiT Hamilton Dundas Flamboro' Paris Woodstock IngersoU London \|l7« « prooarart Ami RlUPPIirn ami OOLOHIAb IXrOUUSIOir obtalnatf (havlni Aganta In almoat all parU of the Uloba) «a under i— ' VM mtMTLAII CABIN PAH«BNOEB»' Outo . ^ -j ^ „ « y,, Mttng Bnaak (w«h Ward and Military Uniform.) . . / •' '"'•• •" """ "'• co""""!!. Tba SEOOVD CLASS PAMENOBRS'or LOWEit ) „ 3 mC 4, nUhopt«aie-iitre«t, |TOUnd*floor (eppoMI* miCBD OalSMlaf aad ClotfUng Branoh I ttie London Tavern) Tba WHOLEIAUB OOIX)XIAL OLOTIIINO Dranoh „ I and 4, llUhopigata'itraat.* • Wba;* the latoal Aiahlona ara Introduoed Into lower-prlned artlclea. Tha WATERPlOOr CLOrntMO la aold at each of thcforogohig nrancheii the FAOTORY bain* al VORTB WOOLWICH, oppoalU Uer Mi^aaty'a Dookyard. «?«r- c2iSiU?°'"' ^^^^^"^ ""»«•' •* *^- "n in th..a two nranche. 8. & Co. aim at produeln. Tha HOME SHIKT Bnmch at No. 10, Comhill . . / Oooda of a inparlor quaUty rathe/ than at low prieaa. PATENT COMPRESSED VEGETABLES, For the Supply of Ships, Vlotuallinr Stittlons, and Storss in gsnsnUi CHOLLET AND CO. (Maiioni and Morol Fatlo'a Fatonta), Jianitfaetunrs and Purveyora to th» French, British, and Sardinian Armie$ and Naviu, One Cubic Yard containing as much ai Ifl.OOO Ilattona. Our Fo*ATan, Oamaoi, Cau liflowrii, &o,, have bton found to retain their orisinal colour and flarour, after a tea voyage of Five Ytar». Bealdaa a giMt many Teatlmonlala fVom Government Oftlcea and Morohanta, we refer to the frequent auloglea paiaed upon our artlclea In the Crimean Corroapondenco of the Tima. M. DI08T ft Co., 81, Bishopsgate Street Within. THE CANADIAN NEWS, AND PUBLISHED IN LONDON EVERY ALTERNATE WEDNESDAY. P&IOE FOT7BPEK0E, TTNSTAMPED. The Fir at Number tcaa itaued on Wth June, 1856. A Jonnud of Newi flrom, and record of, all matters bearing npou the Interests of the Korth Amarlcaa Ooiedas. Ita clreulatloa la already aeonred amongst Canadian Capitalists, Land and Railway Shareholders, In'* tending Emigrants, &c. Arrangamenta have been made fbr the aupply of a copy regularly to the principal Literary and Meohanlcs'Instltutlona of England, Ireland, and Scotland, and the several Emigration Porta and DepAta. The PnbUahera trast to receive the support of Canadian Colonists generally, to enable them to raadar the Paper worthy the impcnrtant Interests it will advocate. To Advertiaers It oHlsn advantagea for the distribution of Advertisements both In this Country and Canada. ALGAR AND STREET, 11, OIiBmniT'* ftAMB, I.OMBABD ST&BST, &01llK»ir. ivMCkitxioir, laolndlof peitage, iio.. III. per annom. Ordan itoahrad by tka FaUtshan, V«wirM4aw» Qt BovkMllMi. VAi^ V MARITimE PASSENGERS' ASSUMNOE COJIPAM. ESTALLISIIED FOR GRANTING ASSURA^'CES Against Loss of Life and Per«onal Injury arising from Accidents at Sea, AM) For the Insurance of th: Baggage and Effects of both Mariners and Pas£cngers. CniEP OfFicts:— ll;3, I'KXCiLUUCK STilMET, LONDOZ^. BRANCH OFFICES ;- LIVERPOOL -5, India Bviildings, Water Street. GLASGOW- 91, Buchanan Street. CAPITAL, £100,000. TliTSTEi:S. JAMES A:>r>REW DUUILAM, ESri., Elm I^ods'", Ilamptoii. ROBERT KE.v'ITXd. ESQ., ^[.P.. (;iaMhain. GEO. EUED]::RICIv Y'O'JNG, ESil., Liiutliou-^c', nuJ Stiiniiiorc, Mulcllcscx. CHAfUMAX. OEORGE FREDERICK YOUXQ, ESQ. .'111! mc'lrtilclinh' Shin twclv B.v . . rnsaonpcrs liy J.. - ^ . - through the ilaiigiTs (if the (livp; aii'lsliouM tlio.v i Is bouiiil by their I'olicUs to ;illow A LIBEUAL COMPENSATION FOR SUCH INJURY In pi'.oportion to the amount in-^urcJ ; lui in no c.isu c.vcioaing oue-roiirth of tlic ainouo', rayable In case of death. PASSENGERS' LIFE DEPARTMENT. This is iho. only Company which i/icn. O.UriiXSATIOXfor IXJUllY in Cases of Non-fatal Accident. AssurAiiccs granted from i'.',n to X'IiiO\— Assurances i-'rautcd for the Voy'iffc h}' thn year.— No JVledleal Exaniinallon or iiersonal ationil.inco nauirel.— No dcl.iy or troiihlo in pn'eciing an Assurance,— Tlio I're- iiiliun includes every expense.- Cirtims i>aid vvitliin two monlha idler proof of dcatli.— Compensation, in case of non-fatal injury, made immediately evidence of easualty is received. RATES of PREMIUM for Passena^ers in Fir-st Class Ships. Class Ii— Travellers prpcetdiug to America, Australia, India, or to any I'ortbeyond tlio limilsof the United Kingdom and fsucli I'orei-u I'arts as are situate Ijeyoud llumlnirgh i"o the North and Brest to the fjouth. Premium lor the Voyage, 10s. per £100. PASSENGER^' BAGGAGE AND EFFECTS. Tassengtrs' P.ag^.iso aiut Eli'ects ai'e Insured against total loss at moderate rates, commcnstirate with the rislc of the Voyaac. RATES OF PREMIUM FOR MARINERS. TO INSURE £100 on the Lives of MARINEK.S, with Compensation for Non-Fab.l Injury :— Captains, Jfatea, !kc , In ship? iu llic iMireiR'n Tiadc 'ids. pel' .inituin. Ditto, ditto in vessels 111 Coanting Trade '^.'js. ,, Seani'Mi ni Kliips in tiie )'"i,rei:4n 'J'rado 2J3. ,, Ditto in vo-seis in tile Coasting I'r.ido 3''i. ,, I'ilots, fisliennen, boatmen, 5cc I.')3.to40s ,, CAPTAINS' EFFEOT.S are insured usainst totailoss. Preiniuin to insure .€100 for One Year (In A 1 olilpg) x:i .Is. Full particulars mriy bo obtained, and insurances immediately effected, thrOURh tlie various Agents In tha Sea Ports; at the BrnnehO.licoj, in Liverpool and Glasgow, ami at the Chiei OlUces, 113, Fcncluirch Street, JOHN GEARY, Resident DuiEctok, t^- •# {:'} ,13